446 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARY 1 ] 1 THE DIALARY A Semi-Montbly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information VOLUME XXXVIII. JANUARY 1 TO JUNE 16, 1905 CHICAGO THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 1905 BE دی۔ . 237135 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INDEX TO VOLUME XXXVIII. PAGB AMERICA, A COÖPERATIVE HISTORY OF St. George L. Sioussat 190 AMERICA, THE LATEST HISTORY OF Anna Heloise Abel 262 AMERICAN CARICATURE, THE FATHER OF Ingram A. Pyle. 318 AMERICAN LITERARY INSTINCT, THE Charles Leonard Moore 113 AMERICAN LITERATURE, DEVELOPMENT OF AN W. E. Simonds 13 AMERICAN POET, OUR PIONEER Charles Leonard Moore 223 AMERICAN POETRY, RECENT William Morton Payne . 197 AMERICANISM, THE PHILOSOPHY OF Joseph Jastrow 147 ANTIQUARIANISM, LUXURIES OF Frederic Ives Carpenter 85 BALZAC'S LATEST BIOGRAPHER Annie Russell Marble 413 BIBLE, IN THE REALM OF THE . Ira M. Price 45 BIBLIOGRAPHY IN AMERICA . William Coolidge Lane . 76 BIRDS AND OTHER FOLK May Estelle Cook 386 CHARITY ADMINISTRATION AT HOME AND ABROAD Max West 269 CIVIL WAR, CLOSE OF, AND BEGINNING OF RECONSTRUCTION David Y. Thomas 230 CORNISH CHARACTER, A FAMOUS . Percy F. Bicknell 308 CRITICISM, SOME ASPERITIES AND AMENITIES OF . Percy F. Bicknell 257 DIAL, THE, QUARTER-CENTURY OF 305 DIPLOMATIST, REMINISCENCES OF A Clark S. Northup 260 DRAMAS IN VERSE, RECENT William Morton Payne 46 EAST, IDEALS OF THE Frederick W. Gookin 39 EASTERN STRUGGLE, ECHOES FROM THE Wallace Rice 416 ECONOMICS, SOME RECENT BOOKS IN H. Parker Willis 264 EDUCATION, RECENT BOOKS ON Henry Davidson Sheldon 270 ELIZABETHAN ENGLISHMEN, Six GREAT James W. Tupper 123 ENGLISH CHURCHMEN, Two Percy F. Bicknell 234 ENGLISH PAINTER, MEMORIALS OF AN Edith Kellogg. Dunton 145 ERIN, THE TROUBLED TALE OF Laurence M. Larson . 411 FICTION, RECENT William Morton Payne 15, 124, 388 GARDEN AND ORCHARD, IN . Edith Granger 380 GENTLEMAN'S LIBRARY, A 185 GHOST IN FICTION, DECAY OF THE Olivia Howard Dunbar 377 Good FORTUNE, PHILOSOPHY OF Edith J. R. Isaacs 354 INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES, PUBLIC MANAGEMENT OF T. D. A. Cockerell 11 INTERVIEWERS, A PRINCE OF Percy F: Bicknell 141 IRISH POET, MEMOIRS OF AN Clark S. Northup 7 IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY, THE Lawrence J. Burpee . 119 ITALIAN BY-WAYS . Anna Benneson McMahan 351 LEARNING, THE ENDOWMENT OF Joseph Jastrow 343 LIBRARY WORK, MODERN: Its AIMS AND ITS ACHIEVEMENTS Ernest Cushing Richardson 73 LITERARY LOITERINGS, MR. LANG's Percy F. Bicknell 409 LITERATURE, THE BASIS OF T. D. A. Cockerell 346 MAZZINI CENTENARY, THE . 407 MEASURE, A SALUTARY 255 MILITARY RULE AND NATIONAL EXPANSION Frederic Austin Ogg 151 • MONISTIC TRINITY,' A . T. D. A. Cockerell 232 MONOPOLY, STORY OF A GREAT Frank L. McVey. 313 MONROE DOCTRINE TO DATE, THE James Oscar Pierce 122 MONTAIGNE, MICHEL DE, OUR INTIMATE FRIEND Mary Augusta Scott 82 Music, RECENT BOOKS ABOUT Ingram A. Pyle. 237 MUSICAL ENCYCLOPÆDIA, A George P. Upton. 310 NAPOLEONIC AFTERMATH, A E. D. Adams NATIONAL LIBRARY, STORY OF OUR . Aksel G. S. Josephson 81 PEACE AND WAR, A WOMAN'S REMINISCENCES OF Walter L. Fleming 43 PIRACIE, AN APOLOGIE FOR 3 Poet's RETROSPECT, A 111 . . • . . . . . 0 . . . . 41 . . 32811 t. 2° 1 iv. INDEX . . . . PUBLISHER'S CONFESSIONS, A PUBLISHER'S RETROSPECT, A VETERAN RAILWAY PROBLEM, THE REASON IN HUMAN CONDUCT RENAISSANCE, MASTERS OF THE EARLY AND LATE SCIENCE AND PERSONALITY SHAKESPEARIAN MISCELLANY, A SOUTHERN LIFE IN WAR TIME SOUTHERNER'S PROBLEM, THE STRUGGLES IN THE WORLD OF SUFFERING SWINBURNE, THE POETRY OF THACKERAY IN AMERICA THANKLESS MUSE, THE THOMAS, THEODORE THOMAS, THEODORE, LIFE-WORK OF TRAVELLER AND ORIENTALIST, MEMOIRS OF A TUDOR LONDON, MEN AND MANNERS IN WANDERERS IN MANY LANDS WANDERINGS OVER FOUR CONTINENTS WAR, FROM THE SEAT OF WATTS-DUNTON, THEODORE . WESTERN EXPLORATION, PIONEERS OF What MAY WE BELIEVE? . WORDSWORTHIAN IN REMINISCENT MOOD, A PAGE 375 Percy F. Bicknell 37 John J. Halsey 196 A. K. Rogers: 349 George Breed Zug 320 T. D. A. Cockerell 415 Charles H. A. Wager 194 Walter L. Fleming 347 W. E. Burghardt Du Bois . 315 Charles Richmond Henderson 155 William Morton Payne . 152 M. F. 187 Percy F. Bicknell 5 33 William Morton Payne 227 Wallace Rice 267 Arthur Howard Noi 121 Wallace Rice 382 Wallace Rice 88 Wallace Rice 9 William Morton Payne 78 Lawrence J. Burpee. 353 T. D. A. Cockerell 86 Percy F. Bicknell 117 . . O . NOTES ON NEW NOVELS DIRECTORY OF THE AMERICAN PUBLISHING TRADE ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING BOOKS, 1905 LIST OF ONE HUNDRED BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS BRIEFER MENTION NOTES TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS LISTS OF NEW BOOKS 392 328 206 394 18, 49, 91, 128, 156, 201, 239, 272, 322, 356, 418 22, 52, 95, 276, 326, 360, 423 23, 53, 96, 131, 159, 205, 242, 276, 327, 361, 395, 423 24, 97, 160, 243, 328, 397 24, 54, 97, 132, 160, 213, 243, 278, 331, 362, 397, 424 . .. AUTHORS AND TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED PAGE PAGE Adam, Madam. My Literary Life... 21 Avery, Elroy M. History of the United States, Vol. I. 262 Adams, Oscar Fay. Dictionary of American Authors, Baddeley, St. Clair. Recent Discoveries in the Forum 129 fifth edition 360 Baedeker's London, fourteenth edition ............ 327 Adams, W. Davenport. Dictionary of the Drama, Bain, Alexander. Autobiography... 94 Vol. I. 94 Baker, George P. Forms of Public Address 205 "A. E. G.' Whistler's Art Dicta.. 327 Baldwin, Charles S. American Short Stories... 13 ‘Adventures of King James II. of England'. 159 Barry, Richard. Port Arthur... 417 Adler, Elkan N. Jews in Many Lands. 391 Barton, G. A. A Year's Wanderings in Bible Lands .. 385 Alfialo, M. The Truth about Morocco.. 90 Baxter, Lucy W. Thackeray's Letters to an American Albertson, Charles C. Light on the Hills. 23 Family 187 Aldrich, Thomas Bailey. Judith of Bethulia.. 48 'Belles Lettres Series' 276 Allaben, Frank. Concerning Genealogies.. 276 Bennet. Robert A. For the White Christ. 390 Alden, Carroll S. Jonson's Bartholomew Fair...... 131 Benton, Josiah H., Jr. A Notable Libel Case...... 128 Allen, Gardner W. Our Navy and the Barbary Besant, Walter. London in the Time of the Tudors.. 121 Corsairs 359 Bennet, Robert A. For the White Christ..... 390 Altsheler, Joseph A. Guthrie of the Times. 15 Boynton, H. W. Journalism and Literature.. 157 Altsheler, Joseph A. The Candidate.. 391 Bradford, Gamaliel, Jr. The Private Tutor.. 128 ‘American Interior Decoration'.... 53 Brady, Cyrus T. Conquests of the Southwest. 275 Angell, J. R. Psychology.... 273 Brady, Cyrus T. Indian Fights and Fighters.. 202 Anspacher, Louis K. Tristan and Isolde. 48 Brady, Cyrus T. The Two Captains... 390 Armbruster, Carl. Lyrics of Wagner.. 51 Brandenburg, Broughton. Imported Americans..... 52 Asakawa, K. The Russo-Japanese Conflict.. 9 Brewster, H. Pomeroy. Saints and Festivals of the Ashley, Roscoe L. Government and the Citizen 96 Christian Church 203 Atkinson, George F. Text Book of Botany. 327 Briggs, Le Baron R. Routine and Ideals.. 271 Austin, Alfred. The Poet's Diary.... 129 Brooks, Sarah W. A Garden with House Attached. 382 INDEX V. PAGE Brown, Anna Robeson. The Wine Press ... 392 Brownell, W. C. French Art, enlarged edition ..... 396 Bryce, James. Holy Roman Empire, new edition... 159 Bullen, Frank T. Denizens of the Deep .... 242 Burgoyne, Frank J. An Elizabethan Manuscript .. 85 Burne-Jones, Lady. Memorials of Edward Burne- Jones 145 Burroughs, John. Far and Near,.. 19 Byles, C. E. Life and Letters of R. S. Hawker .... 308 Caine, Hall. The Prodigal Son.. 17 Candler, Edmund. The Unveiling of Lhasa.. 384 Canfield, William W. Legends of the Iroquois. 121 Carnegie Library, (Pittsburgh) Catalogue.. 276 Cartér, A. Cecil. Kingdom of Siam .. 91 Carryl, Guy W. The Garden of Years.. 199 Carver, Thomas N. Distribution of Wealth.. 266 Castle, Agnes and Egerton. Rose of the World.... 388 Cather, Willa S. The Troll Garden .. 394 Caxton Thin Paper Classics.. 159, 326 Champlin, John D., and Lucas, Frederic A. Young Folks' Cyclopædia of Natural History 395 Chancellor, William E. Our Schools... 270 Chapin, Anna Alice. Makers of Song.. 237 Clark, Charles Heber. The Quakeress. 393 Clement, Clara E. Women in the Fine Arts.. 22 Clement, Ernest W. Japanese Floral Calendar.. 53 Coates, Florence Earle. Mine and Thine.. 200 Cochrane, Charles H. Modern Industrial Progress.. 203 Cohn, Adolphe, and Page, Curtis H. French Classics for English Readers.. 326 Cohen, Isabel E. Legends and Tales .. 277 Colby, Frank Moore. Imaginary Obligations. 20 Coleridge-Taylor, S. Twenty-Four Negro Melodies.. 422 Colton, Arthur. The Belted Seas..... 394 Colwell, Percy R. Poems of William Morris...... 22 Conant, Charles A. Wall Street and the Country 265 Conrad, Joseph. Nostromo.. 126 Conway, W. Martin. Early Voyages to Spitzbergen.. 277 Cook, Albert s. Dream of the Rood.. 423 Cook, Albert S., and Benham, Allen R. Specimen Letters 423 Cook, Albert S. Yale Studies in English 131, 276 Cooke, Marjorie B. Dramatic Episodes 276 Cox, Kenyon. Old Masters and New.. 422 Crockett, S. R. Raiderland .... 89 Crockett, S. R. The Loves of Miss Anne.. 126 Cruttwell, Maud. Verrocchio.. 320 Cramp, Walter S. Psyche.. 392 Craven, John J. Prison Life of Jefferson Davis, new 276 Crawford, F. Marion. Whosoever Shall Offend.. 16 Cubberley, E. P. History of Education, Part II.... 53 Daniels, Mabel W. An American Girl in Munich 326 Darwin, Leonard. Municipal Trade..... 11 Davidson, A. B. Theology of the Old Testament.... 45 Davidson, Thomas. Education of Wage Earners .... 271 Davis, Edward Z. Translations of German Poetry in American Magazines. 360 Deecke, William. Italy .. 95 Dellenbaugh, Frederick S. Breaking the Wilderness. 274 Devine, Edward T. Principles of Relief ... 155 Dewey, Melvil. A. L. A. Catalog .. 96 Dexter, Edwin G. History of Education ... 270 D’Humières, Robert. Through Isle and Empire.. 360 Dole, Nathan Haskell. The Greek Poets.. 22 Douglas, James. Theodore Watts-Dunton.. 78 Duff, Montstuart E. Grant. Notes from a Diary, 1896-1901 419 Dunn, J. P., Jr. Indiana, revised edition.. 277 Durham, Edith. The Burden of the Balkans. 384 Dyer, Henry. Dai Nippon.. 92 Eastman, C. A. Red Hunters and the Animal People 158 Edgington, T. B. The Monroe Doctrine... 122 Edwards, William S. In to the Yukon.. 91 PAGE Edwards, Amelia B. Untrodden Peaks and Unfre- quented Valleys, third edition ... 360 .E. G. 0.' Egomet. 156 Elton, Charles I. William Shakespeare.. 194 Ely, Helen R. Another Hardy Garden Book 381 Emerson's Works, 'Centenary' edition .... 22 'Ethical Addresses' 360 Evans, Henry R. The Napoleon Myth... 159 Everett, William. Italian Poets since Dante.. 49 Falkiner, C. Litton. Illustrations of Irish History.. 273 Finerty, John F. People's History of Ireland.. 411 Finck, Henry T. Fifty Songs of Schubert.. 96 Firth, John B. Constantine the Great... 324 Fletcher, Banister and Banister F. History of Archi- tecture, fifth edition ..... 277 Flint, George E. Power and Health through Pro- gressive Exercise 422 Ford, Worthington C. Journals of the Continental Congress 132, 396 Forman, Elbert E. Along the Nile with General Grant 90 Foster, John W. Arbitration and the Hague Court.. 275 Fox, John, Jr. Following the Sun-Flag .......... 416 Free, Richard. Seven Years' Hard ..... 156 Fullerton, Edith L. How to Make a Vegetable Garden 382 Ganz, Hugo. The Land of Riddles ... 89 Gardenhire, Samuel M. The Silence of Mrs. Harrold 391 Galton, Francis, and others. Sociological Papers... 326 Garnett, Richard. William Shakespeare...... 46 Gayley, C. M., and Young, C. C. Principles and Progress of English Poetry .. 97 Genung, John F. Words of Koheleth. 46 Ghent, William J. Mass and Class .. 155 Gilman, Lawrence. Phases of Modern Music 238 Gissing, George. By the Ionian Sea .... 385 Glyn, Elinor. The Vicissitudes of Evangeline.. 389 Gocher, William H. Wadsworth.... 130 Goetz, Philip B. Interludes.. 199 Goodrich-Freer, A. Inner Jerusalem.. 91 Gosse, Edmund. Coventry Patmore.. 272 Grant, Robert. The Undercurrent.. 15 Greene, Evarts B. Government of Illinois.. 53 Greene, Joseph N. The Funeral 205 Greer, H. Valentine. By Nile and Euphrates. 92 Gregory, Augusta. Gods and Fighting Men... 131 Griffiths, Arthur. Fifty Years of Public Service.... 325 Grimm, Jakob. Rede auf Schiller, new edition .... 421 Gronau, George. Titian... 321 Grundy, G. B. Murray's Small Classical Atlas.. 23 Guerber, H. A. Stories of Popular Operas.. 238 Gulick, Sidney L. White Peril in the Far East ..... 356 Haeckel, Ernst. The Wonders of Life.. 232 Haggard, H. Rider. The Brethren.. 126 Hale, Edward E., Jr. Dramatists of To-day 357 Hale, Philip. Modern French Songs.. 51 Hall, Charles G. Cincinnati Southern Railway 130 Hanchett, Henry G. Art of the Musician.. 419 Hancock, H. Irving. The Physical Culture Life. 422 Hand, J. E. Ideals of Science and Faith... 87 Hapgood, Isabel F. Novels of Tourguénieff .. 96 Harper, William R. Trend in Higher Education .. 271 Harris, Ella I. Tragedies of Seneca .... 23 Hart, Albert B. The American Nation, first section. 190 Hastings, James. Dictionary of the Bible, extra vol- ume 45 Hawthorne, Hildegarde. Poems.. 201 Haynie, Henry. Captains and the Kings... 50 Heath's Memoirs of the American Revolution, Wes- sels's edition 204 Heilprin, Angelo. The Tower of Pelée ... 203 Henderson, C. Hanford. Children of Good Fortune. 354 Henderson, Charles R. Modern Methods of Charity. 269 Henderson, W, J. Modern Musical Drift ... 237 Herrick, Francis H. Home Life of Wild Birds, revised edition ... 396 edition... vi. INDEX Cain ....... India ...... . ....... 394 17 PAGE Hennig, Richard. Wunder und Wissenschaft ...... 421 Hewlett Maurice. Fond Adventures.. 393 Hichens, Robert. The Garden of Allah... 388 Higinbotham, John U. Three Weeks in Europe.. 89 Higginson, Mary T. The Playmate Hours ......... 200 Higginson, T. W. Hawthorne Centenary Celebration 240 Higginson, T. W., and Macdonald, William. History of the United States..... 360 Hill, Frank A. Seven Lamps for the Teacher's Way 159 Holdich, Thomas H. 201 Holme, Charles. Daumier and Gavarni. 51 Holmes, Bayard. Appendicitis.... 53 Holt, Emily. The Secret of Popularity 52 Holtzmann, Oscar. Life of Jesus... 158 Horne, Herbert P. Condivi's Michelangelo.. 51 Horne, John. Starting Points ..., 14 Horsley, W. C. Chronicles of an oid Campaigner .. 158 Hough, Emerson. The Law of the Land.. 128 Hubbell, George A. Up Through Childhood.. 272 Hulbert, Archer B. Historic Highways, Vols. XI. to XVI ....... 322 Huneker, James. Iconoclasts. 357 Hunter, Robert. Poverty. 155 Huntington, Dwight M. Our Big Game.. 204 Hutchinson, Thomas, Poems of Shelley 243 Hutton, Lawrence. Literary Landmarks of the Scot- tish Universities 50 Hutton, William H. Letters of William Stubbs.. 236 Hyde, William DeWitt. From Epicurus to Christ.. 202 Irving, Edward. How to Know the Starry Heavens. 274 James, Bartlett B. McSherry's History of Maryland 204 Japp, Alexander H. Robert Louis Stevenson ....... 358 Jebb, Richard. Tragedies of Sophocles ...... 23 Jenks, Tudor. In the Days of Shakespeare 96 Job, Herbert K. Wild Wings.. 387 Johnson, Charles F. Forms of English Poetry .. 53 Johnson, C. W. Proceedings of 13th Republican National Convention.. 52 Johnson, E. A. Light Ahead for the Negro.. 317 Johnston, Charles, and Spencer, Carita. Ireland's Story 411 Johnston, John 0. Life and Letters of Liddon. 234 Johnston, R. M. Napoleonic Empire in Southern Italy 324 Johnston, W. D. History of the Library of Congress, Vol. I. 81 Jonson, G. C. Ashton. Handbook to Chopin .. 238 Jordan, Mary A. Correct Writing and Speaking.. 23 Jülicher, Adolf. Introduction to the New Testament 203 Kakuzo, Okakura. The Awakening of Japan.. 40 Kellor, Frances A. Out of Work ..... 156 Kennedy, William S. Whitman's Diary in Canada. 154 King, Henry C. Personal and Ideal Elements in Education 272 Kinley, David. Money.. 264 Knapp, Oswald G. An Artist's Love Story 130 Knight, William. Retrospects, vol. I... 117 Knowles, Frederic L. Love Triumphant.. 199 Lang, Andrew. Adventures among Books. 409 Lang, Andrew. Historical Mysteries... 204 Lang, Andrew. History of Scotland, Vol. III 19 Laut, A. C. Pathfinders of the West.. 353 Lazenby, Alfred. Tides of the Spirit.. 396 Lee, Sidney. Great Englishmen of the 16th Century 123 Le Queux, William. The Closed Book. 17 Lethaby, W. R. Mediæval Art.. 320 · Letters of a Portuguese Nun,' Brentano's edition.. 53 Lewis, Alfred H. The Sunset Trail... 392 Library of Art' . 320, 358 . Life in Sing Sing 241 Lincoln, Joseph C. Partners of the Tide... 394 Litchfield, Frederick. How to Collect Old Furniture 159 Little Giant Question Settler.... 242 Littman, Enno. Arabic Manuscripts in Princeton University 205 PAGE List, Friedrich. National System of Political Econ- omy 326 Lloyd, Francis E., and Bigelow, Maurice A. Teach- ing of Biology in Secondary Schools... 22 Lloyd, Herbert M. Morgan's League of the Iroquois 119 Locke, William J. The Morals of Marcus Ordeyne. 389 Lodge, George Cabot. 47 Loewenberg, J. Deutsche Dichterabende.. 421 London, Jack. The Sea-Wolf.. 16 Loveman, Robert. Songs from a Georgia Garden .. 200 Lucas, E. V. Letters of the Lambs... 360 Macbean, L. Marjorie Fleming... 52 McClain, Emlin. Constitutional Law... 327 Macdonald, William. Autobiography of Franklin 423 MacGrath, Harold. The Princess Elopes .... 394 MacGrath, Harold. Enchantment..... Mackail, J. W. Georgics of Virgil, Riverside edition. 131 McKinley, A. E. Suffrage Franchise in the Colonies 326 McLain, J. S. Alaska and the Klondike.... 385 MacLehose, Sophia H. From the Monarchy to the Republic in France...... 205 Macmillan's Pocket English Classics .. 276 McVey, Frank L. Modern Industrialism. 158 Mace, W. H. School History of the United States .. 23 Mahaffy, J. P. The Progress of Hellenism.. 420 Maitland, J. A. Fuller. Grove's Dictionary of Music, Vol. I. 310 Marston, E. After Work ... 37 Marriott, Charles. Genevra 17 Martin, Isabella D., and Avary, Myrta L. A Diary from Dixie 347 Mason, D. G. Beethoven and his Forerunners.. 237 Mason, A. E. W. The Truants ...... Matthews, Brander. American Familiar Verse..... 14 Matthews, Brander. Recreations of an Anthologist. 54 Matthews, Brander. Wampum Library.. 13 Matthews, Brander. Wampum Library. 13 Maxwell, Donald. Log of the 'Griffin' 89 Maynadier, Gustavus H. Works of Defoe. 95 Meigs, William M. Life of Benton ... 239 Metcalf, Maynard M. Organic Evolution.. 92 Miall, L. C. House, Garden, and Field.. 386 Mills, Edmund J. Secret of Petrarch.. 239 Mitchell, Lucy M. History of Ancient Sculpture, one-volume edition 396 Montgomery, D. H. Student's American History .... 423 Montrésor, F. F. The Celestial Surgeon.. 393 Moore, Charles Leonard. The Red Branch Crests.. 48 Moore, T. Sturge. Albert Dürer...... 358 More, Paul E. Shelburne Essays, first series.. 18 Morris, Charles. Spanish-American Tales. 96 Morris, W. O'Connor. Wellington .. 93 Münsterberg, Hugo. The Americans.. 147 Münsterberg, Hugo. The Eternal Life.. 415 Murray, A. H. Hallam. On the old Road through France to Florence.. 88 Musician's Library, The.. ..51, 96, 422 Mustard, W. P. Classical Echoes in Tennyson.. 23 Myers, Albert C. Hannah Logan's Courtship.. 273 Myers, Philip Van Ness. Mediæval and Modern His- tory, revised edition.. 361 Nason, Frank L. The Vision of Elijah Berl.. 392 Nassau, Robert H. Fetichism in West Africa .. 325 National Educational Association Journal, 1904.... 53 Newberry, Percy E., and Garstang, John. Short History of Ancient Egypt.. 240 Newnes' Art Library....... 95, 243 Niemann, August. Conquest of England. 127 Nordau, Max. Morganatic.... 127 Noussanne, Henri de. The Kaiser as He Is.. 274 Noyes, Ella. Story of Ferrara .... 157 Oberholtzer, Ellis P. Abraham Lincoln. O'Connor, D. S. Les Classiques Français 277, 327 O'Higgins, Harvey T. The Smoke Eaters.. 393 . 95 INDEX vii. .. PAGE Okakura, Kakusa. Ideals of the East.. 39 'Old South Leaflets'.. 243 * Opal, The’.. 392 Oppenheim, E. Phillips. The Betrayal.. 17 Orcutt, William D. The Flower of Destiny. 393 Organized Labor and Capital'..... 155 Osborn, Hartwell. Trials and Triumphs 157 Osler, William. Science and Immortality 86 *0.' The Yellow War........ 419 Page, Thomas Nelson. The Negro... 315 Paine, Albert Bigelow. Thomas Nast. 318 Palmer, A. Emerson. New York Public School..... 270 Palmer, Frederick. With Kuroki in Manchuria.... 9 Paltsits, V. H. Captivity of Nehemiah How...... 380 Parsons, Arthur J. Catalog of the Gardner Greene Hubbard Collection of Engravings.... 416 Payne, William M. American Literary Criticism... 14 Peck, Theodora. Hester of the Grants... 392 Peckham, George W. and Elizabeth G. Wasps, Social and Solitary .. 387 Pellissier, Georges. Etudes de Littérature et de Morale Contemporaines 423 Perry, Bliss. The Amateur Spirit.. 93 Phelps, C. E. D. The Accolade.. 393 Phelps, George T. Parsifal..... 23 Phillips, Stephen. The Sin of David. 47 Phillpotts, Eden. Farm of the Dagger 17 Phillpotts, Eden. The Secret Woman.. 389 Platt, Isaac H. Walt Whitman 95 Potter, A. C. Rowlands's The Bride.. 361 Powell, E. P. Orchard and Fruit Garden .. 381 Pryor, Mrs. Roger A. Reminiscences of Peace and War 43 'Publisher's Confessions, A' 375 Quarles, Francis. Sions Sonets, Riverside Press edition 424 Ransom, Caroline L. Studies in Ancient Furniture. 275 Reinach, s. Story of Art ...... 202 Renan, Ernest. Letters from the Holy Land .. 241 Rhoades, James. Little Flowers of St. Francis.... 132 Rhodes, James Ford. History of the United States, Vol. V. 230 Rice, Wallace. The Athlete's Garland.. 423 Rick, Karl. Das Maifest der Benediktiner und Andre Erzählungen 421 Riley, Thomas J. Higher Life of Chicago... 327 Ringwalt, Ralph Curtis. Briefs on Public Questions. 423 Ripley, Mary C. Oriental Rug Book.. 94 Ripley, William Z. Trusts, Pools, and Corporations.. 396 Rittenhouse, Jessie B. Younger American Poets... 53 Roebuck, George E., and Thorne, William B. Primer of Library. Practice.... 91 Rogers, Joseph M. Life of Benton.. 325 Rogers, Joseph M. The True Henry Clay. 274 Rolfe, William J. Life of Shakespeare.. 49 Rose, J. Holland. Napoleonic Studies.. 41 Ross, Janet. oid Florence and Modern Tuscany... 351 Russell, Charles E. The Twin Immortalities.. 197 Russell, G. W. E. Sydney Smith.. 420 Sahler, Florence I. Captain Kidd and other Charades 52 Sandars, Mary F. Honoré de Balzac.. 413 Santayana, George. Life of Reason.. 349 Sargent, Charles S. Trees and Shrubs, Part IV.. 326 Sargent, Charles S. Manual of Trees of North America 360 Sargent, George H. Epigrams and Aphorisms of Oscar Wilde 423 Schaefer, H. Songs of an Egyptian Peasant.. 132 Schultze, Ernst. Auswahl aus den Kleinen Schriften von Jakob Grimm 421 Scollard, Clinton. Lyrics and Legends of Christmas- tide 199 Seaman, Louis L. From Tokio through Manchuria .. 10 Shakespeare: The Man and his Works'.. 423 PAGB Sharp, William. Literary Geography...... 202 Shafer, Sara A. Beyond Chance of Change..... 394 Shaw, Bernard. Common Sense of Municipal Trading 12 Sheldon, Anna R., and Newell, M. Moyca. The Medici Balls... ............. 352 Sheldon, Walter L. Ethics for the Young, third and fourth series 22 Sherman, Frank D. Lyrics of Joy.. 199 Sidis, Boris, and Goodhart, S. P. Multiple Personality 20 Singer, Otto. Selections from the Music Dramas of Wagner 422 Singleton, Esther. Venice... 326 Sinclair, May. The Divine Fire.. 18 Sinclair, Upton. Manassas... 15 Slater, J. H. Book-Prices Current, 1904.. 96 Smith, Charles S. Working with the People.. 156 Smith, Orlando J. Balance... 88 Smith, R. Bosworth. Bird Life and Bird Lore.. 386 Smith, William B. The Color Line.... 317 Solberg, Thorvald. Copyright in Congress.. 360 Spanuth, August, and Orth, John. Liszt's Hunga- rian Rhapsodies 51 Sparks, Edwin E. The United States of America .. 418 Sparroy, Wilfred, and Hadji Khan. With the Pil- grims to Mecca ... 383 Spearman, Frank H. Strategy of Great Railroads.. 196 Stephen, Leslie. Hours in a Library, new edition.. 205 Stephens, Kate. American Thumb-Prints .......... 420 Sternburg, Speck von. American and German Uni- versity Ideals 24 Stevenson, Burton E. The Marathon Mystery. 128 Stevenson's Works, · Biographical' edition ..... 423 Stoddard, Charles Warren. The Island of Tranquil Delights 51 Story, A. T. Story of Wireless Telegraphy 131 Strobridge, Idah M. In Miners' Mirage-Land 21 Strong, Josiah. Social Progress, 1905.. 326 "Super Flumina' 422 Sutro, Emil. Duality of Thought and Language .. 22 Swinburne's Works, new collected edition ........ 111, 152 Sykes, Mark. Dar-ul-Islam... 90 Tanner, Amy Eliza. The Child.. 272 Tarbell, Ida M. The Standard Oil Company .. 313 Temple Topographies 131 Thackeray's Works, Kensington edition 97 Thirteenth Universal Peace Congress Report 276 Thomas, David Y. Military Government in Newly Acquired Territory 151 Thomas, Edith M. Cassia.. 201 Thompson-Seton, Ernest. Woodmyth and Fable... 386 Thorndike, Edward L. Mental and Social Measure- ment 52 Thurston, Katherine C. The Masquerader.. 18 Tiffany, Nina M. and Francis. Harm Jan Huidekoper 323 Traubel, Horace. Whitman's American Primer.... 154 Tremain, Henry E. Last Hours of Sheridan's Cavalry 20 Trent, W. P., and Henneman, J. B. Thackeray's Works 22 Treves, Sir Frederick. The Other Side of the Lantern 382 Trow, Charles E. old Shipmasters of Salem ...... 241 Underhill, Evelyn. The Gray World... 124 'University of Pennsylvania Publications' 326 Upton, George P. Theodore Thomas. 227 Valentine, Edward U. Hecla Sandwith 393 Vambery, Arminius. Story of My Struggles.. 267 Van Dyke, Henry. Music... 197 Villiers, Frederic. Port Arthur 275 Von Heidenstam, O. G. Swedish Life.. 21 Wack, Henry W. Romance of Victor Hugo and Juliette Drouet 357 Waddington, Mary K. Italian Letters of a Diplo- mat's Wife 357 Ward, Mrs. Humphry. Marriage of William Ashe... 389 Ward, Wilfrid. Aubrey de Vere.. 7 viii. INDEX PAGE Waterfield, Margaret. Garden Colour ... 382 Waters, Robert. Reminiscences of Hoboken Academy 96 Waters, W. G. Montaigne's Travels in Italy..... 82 Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal 89 Watson, H. B. Marriott. Hurricane Island .... 388 Watson, Thomas E. Bethany... 127 Webster, Henry K. Traitor and Loyalist... 15 Weingartner, Felix. The Symphony since Beethoven 23 Wells, Carolyn. A Parody Anthology. 53 Wendell, Barrett, and Greenough, Chester N. His- tory of Literature in America ..... 22 Weyman, Stanley J. The Abbess of Vlaye.. 126 Wharton, Edith. Italian Backgrounds.. 352 Whibley, Charles. Literary Portraits .. 323 White, Andrew D., Autobiography of .. 260 White, Mary. How to Make Pottery .. 52 PAGE Whitson, John H. Justin Wingate, Ranchman.. 392 Who's Who (English) for 1905.. 159 Wilde, Oscar. De Profundis.. 359 Williamson, C. N. and A. M. The Princess Passes.. 389 Wilson, James Grant. Thackeray in the United States 189 Winch, William H. Notes on German Schools..... 271 Winfield, C. H. Block-House by Bull's Ferry ...... 275 Winkley, J. W. John Brown the Hero... 240 Winsor, Justin. Kohl Collection of Maps. 132 Workman, William H. and Fanny B. Through Town and Jungle 383 Yerkes Observatory Publications, Vol. Il.. 22 Ystridde, Y. Three Dukes.... 125 'Zur Würdigung Schiller's in Amerika' 421 MISCELLANEOUS . Bibliographical Research, Coöperation in. Eugene Fairfield McPike 226 'Burlington Magazine, The 132, 242 Country Calendar, The' 132 English Literature in Secondary Schools, The Fate of. Robert N. Whiteford ... 35 Garden Magazine, The'. .....54, 96 Indian Narrative, A Missing. Lawrence J. Burpee. 307 Japanese Imperial Poetry. Ernest W. Clement .. 7 Lane Company, John, Incorporation of. 396 'Milton's Prayer of Patience,' Author of. T. W. H... 116 Moffat, Yard & Co., Incorporation of ..... 132 Montaigne and Italian Music. Grace Norton .. 144 Parsifal. (Sonnet.) W. M. P... 226 Publishing Ethics, A Point in. s. E. Bradshaw.... 260 Schiller Celebration, The... 327 Shakespeare Quarto, Finding of a. W. J. Rolfe..... 116 Shakespeare's Second Best Bed.' R..... 187 Swinburne. (Sonnet.) William Morton Payne .... 152 THE DIAL pocoi ، نه ا۔ A SEMI- MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. BY FRANEDSTE BROWNE.} Volume XXXVIII. No. 445. CHICAGO, JAN. 1, 1905. 10 cts. a copy. Į FINE ARTS BUILDING, 203 Michigan Blvd. $2. a year. NEW BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS EMERSON The CENTENARY Edition of the Complete Writings of RALPH WALDO EMERSON, just published, consists of twelve attractive volumes, and is perfect in every detail of bookmaking. THE INTRODUCTION has been THE NOTES, by Edward Waldo written by the editor, EDWARD The Volumes comprise : Emerson, are printed at the end of WALDO EMERSON, who has given in 1. NATURE, ADDRESSES, AND each volume. They explain the cir- brief compass a fresh and authorita- LECTURES. With Portrait. cumstances attending the delivery of tive account of his father's life and 2. Essays. First Series. the more famous discourses, indicate work. 3. Essays. Second Series. the impression made by the essays at 4. REPRESENTATIVE MEN. THE TEXT is that of the River- their first publication, comment upon 5. ENGLISH TRAITS. Portrait. persons and events mentioned in the side Edition, presenting, in the earlier 6. CONDUCT OF LIFE. Portrait. text, and often trace in Emerson's volumes, the readings finally decided 7. SOCIETY AND SOLITUDE. upon by Mr. Emerson himself, while poetry the thought or the phrase which 8. LETTERS AND SOCIAL AIMS. the later volumes were collected and appears also in his prose. As no anno- 9. POEMs. With Portrait. tated edition of Emerson's writings revised by his friend and biographer, 10. LECTURES AND BIOGRAPH- has hitherto been issued, this feature Mr. J. Elliot Cabot. ICAL SKETCHES. Portrait. of the Centenary Edition gives it THE PORTRAITS. Five pho- 11. MISCELLANIES. peculiar importance. togravures reproduced from the best 12. NATURAL HISTORY OF IN- original portraits. TELLECT and other papers. AN INDEX, very complete, has been prepared for the entire Works. " This edition is the worthiest monument that could have been raised to mark the hundredth anniversary of Emerson's birth, and the notes to it make it memorable.” – New York Sun. Each vol., crown 8vo, gilt top, $1.75. The set, 12 vols., $21.00; half calf, gilt top, $39.00; half polished morocco, $42.00; half levant, $48.00. > Moncure D. Conway's Reminiscences With Portraits and Facsimile Let- ters. 2 vols. $6.00 net. Postpaid, $6.43. John Ruskin's Letters to Charles Eliot Norton With Portraits and other Illustra- tions. 2 vols. $4.00 net. Post- paid, $4.26. Routine and Ideals The Works of Alfred, By LE BARON R. BRIGGS. $1.00 Lord Tennyson net. Postpaid, $1.09. Riverside Edition. In 7 vols. With Portrait. $10.00. Science and Immortality Complete Poetical Works By William OSLER. The 1904 of William Wordsworth Ingersoll Lecture at Harvard Uni- versity. 85 cents net. Postpaid, Edited by A. J. GEORGE. Cam- 91 cents. bridge Edition. With Portrait, Notes, and Index. $3.00. The Russo-Japanese The De Monarchia Conflict of Dante Its Causes and Issues. By K. ASA- Translated by AURELIA HENRY. With Portraits and Map. With Introduction and Notes. $2.00 net. Postpaid, $2.16. $1.25 net. Postpaid, $1.36. Far and Near By John BURROUGHS. $1.10 net. Postpaid, $1.21. KAWA. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & COMPANY, BOSTON AND NEW YORK 2 [Jan. 1, 1905. THE DIAL « The best novel that has come out in this country for many a year.” The St. Paul Globe. Mr. Robert Herrick's THE COMMON LOT By the author of “The Gospel of Freedom," The Web of Life," “ The Real World,” etc. Sixth Edition Cloth, 12mo, $1.50 . “ It is vivid, vital . . . and told straight from the shoulder.?” Chicago Chronicle. “It is a strong piece of work such as few of our nov- elists could hope to equal." - Dial. “ The book bites into the mind." - Baltimore News. “More than all, he tells a story that is worth the telling.” - The Boston Transcript. “The book is a tremendous study of character : .. strong, realistic, interesting.”—Grand Rapids Herald. BLOUNT'S opinion : “ Half the men who are earning the big money in law here in Chicago don't know enough law to try a case properly. Who cares for fine professional work if it don't bring in the stuff? It's money every time!" PEMBERTON’S view: “Men are so made that they want to respect something. And in the long run they will respect learning, ideas, and devotion to the public welfare." HARRIS'S answer: “What men respect in this town is money first, last and all the time. . . . It don't make much difference, either, how you get your money so far as I can see. Whether you do a man in a corner in wheat, or run a pool-room. All is if you want to be in the game you must have the price of admission about you.” HELEN’S wish: “I wish you were a clerk, a laborer, a farmhand, - auything, so that we could be honest, and think of something besides making money and live like the com- mon people from day to day — live for your work, for the thing you do.” THE ARCHITECT'S climax : “ One by one he recalled the fraudulent works in which he had had a part, the school from which he had tried to steal some of the money his uncle had denied him, and finally this hotel which had crumpled at the touch of fire. That spirit of greed had eaten him through and through." “It is full of action, of actual human characters. It grips the reader tremendously.”— The World To-day. “ A strong, lucid, and interesting tale.” - Chicago Tribune. “ It is by long odds the greatest novel of the autumn.” - N. Y. American. "It is the human quality in books that is the gauge of their attractiveness, and there is plenty of this in • The Common Lot.'” - New York Times. 66 "It is a splendidly told story - a powerful story." The Salt Lake Tribune. THE COMMON LOT By Robert Herrick Sixth Edition. $1.50 “ The most significant novel of the year in this country.”— The Independent. 5 THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, Publishers, 66 Fifth Ave., New York - THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER. No. 445. JANUARY 1, 1905. Vol. XXXVIII. CONTENTS. PAGE AN APOLOGIE FOR PIRACIE 3 5 . 7 THE THANKLESS MUSE. Percy F. Bicknell COMMUNICATION . . Japanese Imperial Poetry. Ernest W. Clement. MEMOIRS OF AN IRISH POET. Clark S. Northup 7 FROM THE SEAT OF WAR. Wallace Rice 9 THE PUBLIC MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES. T. D. A. Cockerell 11 . THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN AMERICAN LIT. ERATURE W. E. Simonds 13 15 RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne. Grant's The Undercurrent. — Altsheler's Guthrie of the Times. -- Webster's Traitor and Loyalist. Sinclair's Manassas. — London's The Sea-Wolf. Crawford's Whosoever Shall Offend.-Phillpotts's The Farm of the Dagger. -- Caine's The Prodigal Son. - Oppenheim's The Betrayal. — Le Queux's The Closed Book. — Mason's The Truants. — Mar- riott's Genevra. - Miss Sinclair's The Divine Fire. Mrs. Thurston's The Masquerader. BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS Essays by the hermit of Shelburne. The period of the Covenant in Scotland. - The wanderings of a naturalist, far and near. Sheridan and the closing days of the Civil War. — A dogmatic essayist. — The nature of Personality.--A French- woman's narrative of her literary life.— Town and country life in Sweden. — The land of mirages. — The artistic achievements of women.- Vagaries in language and thought. BRIEFER MENTION . 18 question. The responsibility for the complaint is thrown, in part, upon the shoulders of an anonymous 'friend,' who is quoted as opining ‘ that the Devil has got hold of the job, and turned it to his own ends,' that no solid Eng- lish book is reprinted here,' that our publishers don't look at a serious book,' and that no one now reads anything but trash,' and who closes his screed with the prediction that we shall relapse into barbarism, and then resort to piracy, which will so improve our minds that we shall again seek a lawful alliance, then degenerate again, and so on and so on.' This whimsical plaint evidently appeals to Mr. Howells, for he proceeds on his own account, and in somewhat similar vein, to comment upon the consequences of our - wanton benevolence' as expressed in the law of 1891. Although he does not write in the fashion of one who expects to be taken altogether seriously, he makes some rather positive assertions that chal- lenge inquiry. He says, for example, that 'the law has strangely and curiously resulted in alienating the international public which the authors of the two countries chiefly concerned used to enjoy, or rather which used to enjoy them. English authors have now less currency in America than they had before the passage of the act, and American authors have less cur- rency in England, although in the social, politi- cal, and commercial interests there has been so great an affinition of their respective nations.' Now assertions like these may without much difficulty be brought to the test of fact, and that test seems to us to refute the very bases of the argument so genially developed by Mr. Howells. Discussing these strange propositions, “The Publisher's Weekly' says flatly of their pro- pounder that his conclusions are as wrong as his premises, and his premises as wrong as his facts. Mr. George Haven Putnam, who, assur- edly, does know the facts, likens the essayist's reasoning to that which is reputed, according to the old rhyme, to have made a heretic of Bishop Colenso. "A bishop there was of Natal, Who a Zulu did take for a pal; Said the Zulu : “ Look here, Ain't the Pentateuch queer?” Which converted my Lord of Natal.' And Mr. George Platt Brett, who likewise knows the facts, declares that Mr. Howells's article 'fairly bristles with unfounded charges as to the evil effects of international copyright.' 22 NOTES 23 6 TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS 24 . LIST OF NEW BOOKS 24 . absit omen AN APOLOGIE FOR PIRACIE. After experiencing the benefits of interna- tional copyright for thirteen years the act whereby those benefits were secured to American and English authors alike is now brought up for renewed discussion by no less a person than Mr. Howells, who, in his Editor's Easy Chair' for December, registers a half- querulous complaint, and suggests, at least, that our reading public has been in some ways a sufferer through the operation of the act in 4, [Jan. 1, THE DIAL our Ilave American authors less currency in Eng- shadow of a. right to be dictatorial. A com- land than they had before the Copyright Act plaint upon this score is hardly more than a of 1891 ? The correspondent whom Mr. veiled apology for the piratical practices which Howells quotes says that ‘not even our worst so shamed us before the law ended them in authors are now popular in England, let alone 1891, and which flouted in the most brazen our best ones. The younger English manner the rights of literary property. Mr. readers do not know our good authors; and there Putnam declares it to be undoubtedly the is unhappily growing up in the racially and case that there has been with copyrighted lingually related countries a generation re- foreign books a steady tendency to lower prices, ciprocally ignorant of their respective litera- and in support of this proposition quotes Mr. tures.' Now if this be the case with our Spofford's statement that the great benefit of authors in the mother-country, it can hardly international copyright has been the gradual be a consequence of the act in question, for decline in the price of standard foreign works. the simple reason that under that act Thus the contention of Mr. Howells and his authors have practically the same standing that correspondent is shown to have not a leg upon they had before. Before its adoption, they which to stand; one of the two being completely might, if they so desired, secure English copy amputated by the official facts, while the other, . right under substantially the same conditions if still preserving a semblance of functional at present. If more of them now do so than activity, is seen to be too crippled for any real formerly, it is because they have become more usefulness. There is absolutely nothing in the enterprising in protecting their books from considerations adduced which gives cause of piracy. The proverbial stubbornness of facts legitimate complaint against our national pro- when confronted with imaginary suppositions tection of the rights of English authors. But is illustrated by Mr. Brett's reference to the there may be seen at many points, just beneath official statistics of our Government, which the surface, the crest of the reptile that was prove that, not only has the business of scotched in 1891 after years of effort. Mr. exporting books nearly doubled in the last five Howells should not speak of 'the ruthless but years, but that the value of books exported from kindly rule of the pirate,' nor should he give this country is very much greater than the value voice to any plea based upon the grievance of of books imported into it.' Mr. Brett further our being no longer able to get English books avers that ‘few American books of wide popu- by plunder. Of course he does not really larity fail to appear in special English editions mean that we ought to withdraw the protec- printed abroad which find a public there cer- tion of our law from English writers; and, des- tainly not smaller than that enjoyed by writers pite what goes before, we have no doubt that of native origin.' And he clinches his case by his closing sentence, in which he says that we quoting a fellow-publisher to the following had better keep our historical novels and a effect: "The records of our sales show that good conscience' than get the best English instead of a decrease in the sale of American fiction and the sense of having robbed the books in England there has been a greater sale author,' is the expression of his inmost thought. of works by United States authors in that coun- Nevertheless, we cannot but regard as infelici- try during the last three years than ever before.' tous the manner in which he has raised this So much having been said for one aspect of buried subject of discussion. the question, let us now turn to the other. Here, As a matter of fact, our law should be of course, the case is somewhat different, for amended for the further protection of English if an English author wishes to obtain copy- authors, and of the authors of the Continental right in this country upon our hard conditions, countries. It still affords inadequate protec- he may do so, whereas previous to 1891 he had tion for works that have to be translated from no possible protection from our laws. Doubt- foreign tongues, while the provision for double less, under the act of 1891, we have diminished typesetting, inserted at the dictation of a self- our reading of English literary rubbish, and ish class interest, remains as a dark blot upon substituted therefor the reading of the similar its character. As The Nation' remarked home product. But good English books are many years ago, this provision would be fairly certainly obtainable in this country at prices matched by a provision that no foreigner land- that compare favorably with those at what the ing in the United States should be entitled to best American books are put upon the market. the protection of the police and the courts until More than this it is not reasonable to expect. he had purchased, and was actually wearing, a There have been a few instances, no doubt, in suit of clothes made by an American tailor. which important English books have had Such is the reductio ad absurdum to which we unusually high prices set upon them in both are led by a candid examination of this most markets, a proceeding which we may consider obnoxious clause in an otherwise commendable unwise, but concerning which we have not the piece of legislation. 1905.] 5 THE DIAL 6 6 How our curious unwillingness to adopt a by the state of his health, the life-long object policy of thoroughgoing fairness toward foreign of malignant assault and acrimonious abuse authors affects us in the eyes of the international from the orthodox, alienated even as a youth public is strikingly illustrated by our copyright from his family and early friends, and in hearty relations with Japan, an illustration which Mr. intellectual accord with none of his contem- Putnam uses with telling effect. For some poraries, this heroic scholar and writer has yet years we have been trying to secure a copy- given us his word that his life was a happy one. right treaty with that country, but the reply Problems perplexed him until it was easier for which the statesmen of Japan make to our him to work at their solution than to refrain; request is, in substance, that when our nation and in this inward compulsion he found his has accepted the world's standard of action in happiness. regard to the recognition of literary property, Counsels of perfection are cheap, and it is and has become a party to the Convention of not the present writer's purpose to indulge in Berne, no separate treaty between the United them. But the name of Spinoza, the devoted States and Japan will be necessary.' In other seeker and declarer of truth, calls up that of his words, the Asiatic empire accepts the civilized great English contemporary, who counted it provisions of that Convention and the American gain to lose his eyesight in penning his ‘Pro commonwealth rejects them! It should be a Populo Anglicano Defensio. Warned by his cause for much searching of hearts, because, physician what he must expect, ‘I would not as Mr. Putnam justly says, this attitude on our have listened,' Milton declares, to the voice of part puts us outside the comity of nations' Asculapius himself in preference to the sug- in the treatment of the rights of authors. gestions of the heavenly monitor within my breast: my resolution was unshaken, though the alternative was either the loss of my sight or the desertion of my duty. . . I resolved, there- THE THANKLESS MUSE. fore, to make the short interval of sight which was left me as beneficial as possible to the com- Again and again the would-be author is mon weal.' Another devoted follower of litera- warned not to adopt literature as a vocation, ture and learning, but one whom we are more but, if he must dabble in letters, to let his writ- inclined to think of as a dry-as-dust gerund- ing be merely an avocation, a side issue, a grinder, an arrogant and irritable pedant, than harmless relaxation from the stern business of as an acute writer and reasoner of recognized law or medicine or theology or trade. It is time authority, is the younger Scaliger. Living in a word were uttered on the other side, and a the century preceding that of Spinoza and Mil- plea made for what Milton allowed himself to ton, and when literature received even less rec- call “the thankless Muse.' ognition as a reputable calling, Joseph Scaliger At the outset it will of course be understood had the courage to be true to himself. When that if one's ambition is to get on’in a worldly as a young man he was offered an assistant- sense, if fame and fortune and a numerous professorship of law at Valence in acknowledg- progeny are the objects of desire, literature is ment of his remarkable attainments in juris- an excellent calling not to embrace. But pre- prudence, he did not for a moment hesitate in supposing that one has enough of the ascetic his reply or so much as dream of turning his and the stoic in his composition to enable him back on literature, which he rated above law, to eat bread and pulse (if need be) with a glad medicine, the church, or any other calling. He heart, literature will be found to offer not had mastered law merely as an instrument of merely compensations but real and positive sat- philological inquiry, which was in his eyes not isfactions, and that too, most often, in inverse an amusement for the ingenious, but the only ratio to the success, commercially considered, means of interpreting ancient records. that is attained in its pursuit. 'Nature is sat- Those who have read (as all ought to have) isfied with little, and if she be so, even so am Herbert Spencer's Autobiography, will remem- I. Thus said Spinoza, the excommunicated ' ber what he says in his closing chapter about Jew, who, as tradition has it, was forced by the consolations of literature. 'It has been poverty to abandon his hope of winning the with me,' he writes, é a source of continual gifted Clara Maria van den Ende and soon pleasure, distinct from other pleasures, to became absorbed in a more ideal love-suit evolve new thoughts, and to be in some sort a - to immortal truth. A more strenuous spectator of the way in which, under persistent literary life than his it would be hard to contemplation, they gradually unfolded into imagine. Practicing, from choice as well as completeness. There is a keen delight in intel- from necessity, a rigid economy in daily lectual conquest — in appropriating a portion life, confined somewhat closely to his chamber of the unknown and bringing it within the both by the exacting nature of his studies and realm of the known.' But of mere success as - 6 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL 6 an author in the eyes of the world, he main- them, will not descend to literary “ log-rolling tains that when it is achieved it often brings and other arts by which favourable recognition vexations and worries greatly overbalancing the is often gained. Comparative neglect is almost pleasures. ‘Adverse criticisms of utterly unjust certain to follow one who declines to use influ- kinds frequently pursue the conscientious ence with reviewers, as I can abundantly tes- writer, not only during his period of struggle, tify.' but after he has reached his desired position. These quotations may be thought much more Careless mis-statements and gross misrepresen- deterrent than encouraging to the literary tations continually exasperate him; and if he aspirant. Let them rather nerve him to sterner measures the pains produced by these against and loftier endeavor. What there is of truth the pleasures produced by due appreciation, he in them can work him no harm. It is astonish- is likely to find them in excess. Again he ing how little is required, of material resources, declares: ‘Of literary distinction, as of so to support a life of plain living and high think- many other things which men pursue, it may ing. There is more than a kernel of truth in be truly said that the game is not worth the what Thoreau, a writer eminently unsuccessful candle... A transitory emotion of joy may be in a business way, says of the poet. "The poet produced by the first marks of success; but is lie that hath fat enough, like bears and mar- after a time the continuance of success excites mots, to suck his claws all winter. He hiber- no emotion which rises above the ordinary nates in this world and feeds on his own mar- level.' In the same vein he writes, “It is indeed row.' astonishing to what an extent men are deluded Perhaps, therefore, the best fortune one can into pursuit of the bubble reputation when they wish a young writer is to be ever on the eve of have within their reach satisfactions which are a great success, but never quite to attain it; for much greater.' But for him who devotes him- with complete success, if such there be, must self to serious authorship not for the sake of come disillusion, weariness, and disgust. It is reputation or pecuniary return, there are ample only those who take the static and not the rewards in store, though he must be prepared dynamic view of life who cherish expectations to practise renunciation. Spencer tells us that of gaining this perfectly satisfying success, a writer of this class 'must be content to remain which always turns out to be simply another celibate, unless indeed he obtains a wife having name for stagnation and death. What is better adequate means for both, and is content to put than to be beckoned forever onward by the ideal himself in the implied position. Even then that alone gives purpose and meaning to one's family cares and troubles are likely to prove life? Every motive of a great artist must, in fatal to his undertakings. As was said to me its perfect completion, open the mind, as it by a scientific friend, who himself knew by were, to perceive a still greater work, which experience the effect of domestic worries - hovers invisibly above it, and fills us, while we “Had you married there would have been no know not whence it comes, with that ever unsat- system of philosophy." But, after all,' Spen- ) ' isfied curiosity which, after fancying it has cer concludes in his own case, 'my celibate life exhausted all, feels, at the very moment we has probably been the best for me as well as the turn away, that it has only seen the smallest best for some unknown other.' As Gibbon part.' So says Hermann Grimm in his biog- solaced himself with a history instead of a wife, raphy of Michael Angelo. It is the dimming so Spencer found compensation in his Synthetic of this ideal, the blurring and blotting of this Philosophy for the renounced conjugal joys; beatific vision, that is too often wrought by and in the weeks, months and years of that success which is measured in terms of wretched nights and vacant days' that made popular applause and in dollars and cents. existence for him 'a long-drawn weariness,' the From this kind of success we cannot too fer- one thing that supported him and gave him a vently pray that our weakness may be delivered. motive for continuing the struggle was the The book that wins immediate acclaim with hope, however faint, of finishing his self- the masses, and large pecuniary returns, is the appointed task. book an author should devoutly hope never to Having, then, pondered Spencer's words of write. counsel and warning, and made up our minds The humorous complaint of a popular writer to attempt something in literature to benefit that not one of her offered contributions had mankind, we are further cautioned by our phil- ever been rejected by an editor, because she osopher to be ready to bear losses and priva- wrote nothing of sufficient depth to be misun- tions, and perhaps ridicule. For adequate derstood, may well have had a note of sincerity appreciation of writings not adapted to satisfy in it. Immediate favor is often won at the cost popular desires is long in coming, if it ever of subsequent neglect. The purveyor to the comes; and it comes the more slowly to one demands of the hour seldom ministers to the who is either not in literary circles, or, being in needs of the centuries. To be sure, it may be 6 6 1905.] 7. THE DIAL SO said that it is very easy to affect a fine scorn of an unattainable success; and disparagement The New Books. 3 of even a transitory renown_will inevitably recall a certain ancient fable. But it has never been proved that the grapes were not really MEMOIRS OF AN IRISH POET. sour. The chances are very many that could they have been reached, they would have proved could hardly fail to be interesting. His mind A biography of Aubrey Thomas de Vere . somewhat disappointing. At the utmost, they and character were so noble, his personality would have yielded but a momentary gratifica- was so attractive, his friendships among great tion. This much, finally, is certain, that in contemporaries were numerous, that ar the success that tempts or forces one to renounce account of his life and achievements could a congenial solitude for the whirl of society, hardly fail to charm. The present volume, by a lettered seclusion for the glare of pub- Mr. Wilfrid Ward, is intended to take the place licity, the silent approval of one's conscience of the second volume of recollections which Mr.. for the resounding plaudits of the crowd, de Vere had planned (the first appearing in there lurks a very real danger. Gregari. 1897), but of which he had at death written ousness, it has been well said, is not conducive practically nothing. As his literary executor, to the production of fine literature. The gen- Mr. Ward found many of his letters and many erative process will not be exposed to the vulgar passages in his diaries suitable for publication. gaze; conception has its mysterious laws, in These he has skilfully woven into a readable things of the spirit even more than in those of narrative, in such a way as to let the poet tell the body; and to him alone who will 'strictly his own story and reveal his own mind and tem- meditate the thankless Muse' shall it be given perament, at the same time furnishing 'some to effect something praiseworthy in literature, graphic contemporary descriptions of great and to learn that the Muse, thus courted, is not men.' so thankless a mistress after all. Many will regret that Mr. Ward has not PERCY F. BICKNELL. given us a fuller biography, based on all of de Vere's published recollections and on a full collection of his letters. Little is here said, for example, of his poetry and of his position COMMUNICATION. among the Victorian singers. But we must JAPANESE IMPERIAL POETRY. , respect Mr. Ward's plea that the limit of time (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) prescribed by Mr. de Vere for the publication of The poems of the Japanese Emperor always this work rendered a fuller biography impos- possess interest to his people; but his recent sible; and that the materials presented are, metrical ventures have a special significance in after all, sufficient to give a true picture of the present crisis, as the following clipping from the man himself. the Japan Times' will show: The life of Aubrey de Vere was a long and · The Kokumin, which, in its Imperial Birthday num- comparatively uneventful one. Born in the ber, devoted the editorial column to an qulogy of the illustrious virtues and sublime wisdom of our inost august year before Waterloo, he survived all of his Emperor, the well-spring of Japanese patriotism, Japanese famous contemporaries, living through a year loyalty and Japanese valour, knows the right chord where- of the new century. Although he took a keen with to touch the nation's mind, when it recurs, as it does, to the same subject by reproducing some of His interest in public affairs, - the distresses of Majesty's latest poetical compositions (uta), with appro- Ireland, the American Civil War, the ecclesias- priate remarks. The journal quotes three of these, and our literal translation of them, which cannot be expected tical controversies of the time, - his life was to do justice to the Imperial original, is as follows: mainly spent in solitude, in the study of poetry The sons, all and theology. Destined by his father for the Church, he seems from an early age to have Alone the aged, been fond of theological reading and a close Fields and farms guard!" student of religious problems. The narrative “Gods of yore still living, of his gradual change of belief, which led to his reception in 1851 into the Church of Rome, is well told, of course at considerable length My nation, my people display." and with sympathetic approval. Mr. Ward " This age, when think we, speaks on these matters with no uncertain The seas of four quarters All brothers and sisters are; voice; yet we must commend his thoroughly Why wind and waves broad and liberal treatment of the whole subject Rage and agitate so?'' 6 . In the field of battle To serve are gone; Their divine minds se it will The faith and devotion A Memoir, Based on his Unpub- ERNEST W. CLEMENT, lished Diaries and Correspondence. By Wilfrid Ward. Tokyo, Japan, Dec. 1, 1904. With portraits. New York : Longmans, Green & Co. AUBREY DE VERE. 8 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL > of the Oxford Movement and its tendencies, so and broader sympathies, the poetry of Aubrey far as he touches on them here. de Vere will be more widely read, and a more De Vere's theological speculations, however, appreciative public will concede to him that did not remove him entirely from the world higher position among the inspired group to of action. During the terrible famine of which he is justly entitled. 1846-7, he devoted himself to energetic work on We have already alluded to the friendships relief committees, and to that close study of the of Aubrey de Vere. of Aubrey de Vere. Like Carlyle, he was a Irish situation which bore fruit in 1848 in his hero-worshipper; and his heroes were his English Misrule and Irish Misdeeds, which friends. He came early under the spell of Lord Manners pronounced the most valuable Wordsworth, and first came to know the old contribution to our Irish political literature bard in London in 1841. A letter to his sister since the days of Burke,' and in almost every gives young de Vere's impressions, from which passage of which even Carlyle found much to we quote a few sentences. agree with.' Throughout his life, his voice and ‘He strikes me as the kindest and most simple- pen were active in the effort to ameliorate the hearted old man I know. He talks in a manner conditions in Ireland, and to solve such per- very peculiar. As for duration, it is from the rising up of the sun to the going down of the same. As plexing questions as that of adjusting land diffi- for quality, a sort of thinking aloud, a perpetual culties and of providing for the university edu- purring of satisfaction. I was at first cation of larger numbers of Catholic Irishmen. principally struck by the extraordinary purity of Yet while Aubrey de Vere won some distinc- his language, and the absolute perfection of his tion as an able political thinker, he will be sentences; but by degrees I came to find a great charm in observing the exquisite balance of his remembered chiefly as a poet. Poetry was his mind, and the train of associations in which his real vocation; and though he failed to win wide thoughts followed each other. He is the recognition,* his devotion to poetry was none voice, and Nature the instrument; and they always . the less ardent. His failure to win popular keep in perfect tune.' favor is explainable on more than one ground. In 1842, de Vere stayed in Wordsworth's own One reason he himself gives, in a letter to Pro-house, -- the greatest honour,' he declared, of '' fessor Charles Eliot Norton. his life. For nearly fifty years following the 'Literary labour, with the hope of a result, must death of Wordsworth in 1850, he made an be a very animating thing! For a great many years annual pilgrimage to the poet's grave. I have never written anything in prose or verse De Vere's friendship with Tennyson began in without the knowledge that, on account of jeal- 1841 or 1812. His contribution to the Tenny- ousies and animosities, either political or polemical, what I wrote was in fact but a letter to some few son Memoir is of no small importance; and friends, known and unknown, to be illustrated by Mr. Ward prints some passages from the diaries a good deal of abuse, and recalled to my recollec- which give us further interesting pictures of tion by the printer 's bill. I am of the unpopular the future poet laureate. side, you know, in England because I am a Catholic, and in Ireland because I am opposed to revolution- 'April 17 (1845).- I called on Alfred Tennyson, ary schemes.' and found him at first much out of spirits. He cheered up soon, and read me some beautiful Ele- Moreover, as Hutton pointed out to him, his gies, complaining much of some writer in “Fraser's poetry lacked a certain force which might have Magazine” who had spoken of the “foolish facil- arrested the ear of a wider public. Besides, his ity" of Tennysonian poetry. ** April 18.-Sat with Alfred Tennyson, who read choice of Christian themes tended to diminish MS. poetry to Tom Taylor and me. Walked with the volume of that poetry which appealed to him to his lawyer's: came back and listened to the a public not always sensible of the real value “University of Women." As I went of Christianity, or at least indifferent to the away, he said he would willingly bargain for the reputation of Suckling or Lovelace, and alluded to thoughts and moods of the pietist. We must "the foolish facility of Tennysonian poetry. Said bear in mind, too, that from 1850 on, Tenny. he was dreadfully cut up by all he had gone son was the dominant figure in British poetry; through. and that, as Henry Taylor wrote to de Vere in * May 9.-Alfred Tennyson came in and smoked his pipe. He told us with pleasure of his dinner 1850, there is hardly ever more than one poet with Wordsworth, — was pleased as well as amused flourishing at a time, as there is only one by Wordsworth saying to him, “Come, brother Prima Donna. Yet we venture to believe that bard, to dinner,” and taking his arm. with the coming of a day of larger toleration While Wordsworth was de Vere's acknowl- edged master in poetry, Newman was his guide * So little known is Aubrey Thomas de Vere that he has often been confused with his father, Sir Aubrey de Vere in religious thought. Yet he was never a (1788-1846), author of " The Duke of Mercia,' 'Julian the servile imitator. In 1850, a year before he Apostate,' 'Mary Tudor,' • The Lamentation of Ireland,' This confusion, for example, exists in became a Catholic, he thus wrote of Newman, the early volumes of Poole's Index, and in the English who had joined the Roman communion five Catalogue, 1816-51; while in a well-known anthology of world literature the brief sketch of Sir Aubrey is embel- years before: lished with a portrait of his son ! “There is, as you say, occasionally an iron hard- . 6 some sonnets, etc. 1905.] 9 THE DIAL * ness in J. Newman; but in him, as in Dante, there sian authorities wherever they have spoken is also an exquisite and surpassing sweetness, which amounting to solicitude. He accepts tacitly the makes me regard the hardness as but that tribute of strength and hardihood which accompanies the economic interpretation of history upon which heroic mind. Breadth of mind may not Karl Marx and his followers insist, proving be Newman's peculiar excellence, but that is only that the vast increase in the population of one form of greatness out of many. The only part of his mind which I do not like is that which comes Japan requires an outlet on the Asiatic main- out in his vein of irony.' land, and setting forth the right and interests Elsewhere he speaks of Wordsworth and New- recently acquired by Japan in both Manchuria man as ‘England's two greatest men of late and Korea. It is easy to glean from these times. showings that the very existence of the nation The volume abounds in glimpses of other demands a freedom of commercial exchanges which Russia is not at all ready to grant since great men, - Coleridge, Carlyle, Browning, Richard Monckton Milnes, Sir Henry Taylor, her acquisition of Manchuria and her scheming for the control of the Korean government. Manning, Vaughan, Faber, Gladstone, — a a group of characters who loom up large on the Japan is compelled to import large quantities stage of Victorian politics, literature, and of food-stuffs for the support of her population, ecclesiastical history, and most of whom were payment for which can be made only through men of remarkable personality. Yet not the the sale of her factory products. This requires least of the reader's reward comes from his an open door in Manchuria, for Japan essen- more intimate knowledge of a pure and unself- tially, for the United States and Great Britain ish life, lived largely in the service of his fel- in less degree. Korea is, as the Japanese states- lows; a poet who here reveals himself most man observes, a sword thrust out against Japan fully as the patriot and the friend. from the continent, no less than the obvious CLARK S. NORTIIUP. outlet for the surplus population of the island empire. It is also an effectual wedge thrust into the heart of Russian schemes for the stu- pendous theft of Manchuria from China, a permanent threat against the reactionary com- FROM THE SEAT OF WAR. mercial policy of St. Petersburg. War was The titanic struggle for predominance in inevitable; and, the circumstances being what Asia is beginning to have its echoes in books they are, peace seems remote. brought out in our own country. The feeling Of the broad causes leading up to hostilities, that the United States is intimately involved Dr. Asakawa tells us little not already known. in the results of the combat is taken for granted | But in details and the marshalling of facts he by the three writers whose books make so impor- is far fuller than anyone preceding him. He tant a contribution to the general understand- is especially solicitous to disavow the imputa- ing of the subject, though the first of them is tion of revenge for the iniquity of Russian at some pains to demonstrate the reasons for intervention, in company with France and Ger- America's interest, the others assuming it as a many, after the war with China, as a casus belli; fact. but he shows that this attitude on the part of Dr. K. Asakawa is lecturer on the civiliza- Russia was the means of awakening Japan to tion and history of East Asia at Dartmouth a sense of the need for warlike preparations. College; he is a graduate of Yale, and his fit- As for the diplomatic negotiations immediately ness for the task of detailing the causes and preceding the war, he is content with showing issues of “The Russo-Japanese Conflict' is cer- how often Russia had been successful, even with tified to by Professor Williams, under whom Japan itself, in the same sort of policy, though · he studied at New Haven. But he required no he does not lay quite the stress needful on Rus- credentials beyond the subject matter of his sia's assumption that Japan would not fight - own narrative, which is a clear and logical pres- that the bluff would not be called,' in the entation of the cause of his native land, with language of the card-table, which is often the an endeavor to make an unprejudiced state- logic of diplomacy as well. The book contains ment of the side of its adversaries also. In the portraits of the statesmen who figure in its latter effort he is as successful as any one could pages, and may be taken as a valuable contri. reasonably expect, his desire to quote from Rus- bution to contemporary history from the end of # THE RUSSO-JAPANESE CONFLICT. the war with China through the diplomatic cor- By K. Asakawa, Ph.D. With an Introduction by respondence immediately following the outbreak Frederick Wells Williams. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & of hostilities. WITH KUROKI IN MANCHURIA. By Frederick Palmer. Mr. Frederick Palmer's volume, With Illustrated. Kuroki in Manchuria, presents a newspaper By Louis Livingston Seaman, M.D. correspondent's pictures of Japanese readiness Appleton & Co. and skill in warfare, confirming the impressions 6 Its Causes and Issues. Co. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. FROM TOKIO THROUGH MANCHURIA WITH THE JAPAN- ESE. New York: D. 10 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL already accepted in this country, and leaving foo, and in attempting to reach Port Arthur; little doubt that the perfection of Japanese dis- but prominence is always given to the hospitals cipline and the qualities of Japanese character and medical systems. What he says of the will enable her armies to maintain their posi- health of the Japanese troops is almost incred- tion against heavy odds, even though the Rus- ible in view of the fact that in the war with sians themselves are undergoing a rapid educa- Spain the United States lost fourteen soldiers tion in military matters. Mr. Palmer was through preventable disease for every one who present at the crossing of the Yalu River, and died in action, and that Great Britain in his story closes with the occupation of Liao- South Africa, and France in the Madagascar Yang: it did not seem possible to him that expedition, did little better, — or, rather, did Russia would attempt to retake her position in worse. Listen! that city, so he failed to see one of the greatest • The medical officer [Japanese] is omnipresent. and most disastrous of Russian repulses. At You will find him in countless places where in an the close of his book, Mr. Palmer indulges American or British army he has no place. He is somewhat in the dubious game of prophecy, and as much at the front as in the rear. He is with the first screen of scouts, with his microscope and chem- his most interesting prognostication follows: icals, testing and labelling wells, so that the army 'If after repeated attempts Russia fails, then from to follow shall drink no contaminated water. When sheer exhaustion on both sides peace will come. If the scouts reach a town, he immediately institutes she succeeds, the line of least resistance for her by a thorough examination of its sanitary condition, which she can re-establish her prestige in the East and if contagion or infection is found he quaran- is to swing in flank upon Peking, while Germany at tines and places a guard around the dangerous dis- Kiauchou and France in southern China will not say trict. Notices are posted, so that the approaching her nay. England and America cannot run their column is warned, and no soldiers are billeted battleships over the plains of Chi-li. The limit of where danger exists.' their power is the range of their naval guns, unless The Japanese rank and file seem to be as they land troops. Port Arthur, with her harbor open to reinforcements and supplies, is an impregnable much more cleanly, temperate, and moral than fortress. Russia cannot take Port Arthur or Korea the American or British as these last are than with Japan in command of the sea. If England and the Russian — which is saying a great deal. the United States are so far negligent of their Mr. Palmer bears witness to the fact that the selfish interests as ever to permit Japan to lose com- mand of the sea, England will no longer be a power Japanese army not only took sanitary care of in the Far East, and the United States might as itself, but of all the filth left by its retreating well cede her Pacific coast to Mexico so far as trade adversaries. Even flies, he observes, disap- or influence on the eastern shores of the Pacific are peared, in spite of the swarming myriads gen- concerned. Russia's pride is bitten deep. She will have no honest truce with the Anglo-Saxons erated in Russian squalor and ignorance. Small Our course is clear.' wonder is it that the wards for intestinal and Mr. Palmer believes that if Japan takes Harbin contagious diseases in the Japanese hospitals the war will abruptly cease, and that an army are empty, and that, as Dr. Seaman says, 'The of a million men is needed by Russia to drive loss from preventable disease in the first six Japan back to the Korean frontier. His entire months of the terrible conflict with Russia will book is vividly written, and will be found as be but a fraction of one per cent.,— this, too, in Manchuria, a country notoriously unhealthy." informing as it is interesting in its accounts of the actual fighting. Numerous reproduced In the Spanish-American war, he notes that The mortality from bullets and wounds was photographs by Mr. Hare add greatly to its value. 268, while that from disease reached the appal- If Mr. Palmer's book is taken as proof of ling number of 3,862,' on the American side. Japan's capabilities in destructive warfare, that And in regard to the wounded, an even more remarkable exhibit is made, stated thus: of Dr. Seaman, From Tokio through Man- churia with the Japanese,' is equally important Up to August 1st, 9,862 cases had been received at the Reserve Hospital at Hiroshima, of whom as showing their constructive and conserving 6,636 were wounded. Of the entire number up to qualities. As a military surgeon (attached to that time, only 34 had died. Up to July 20th, the our armies in the Philippines), Dr. Seaman's hospital ship Hakuii Maru alone brought 2,406 casu- alities from the front without losing a in chief interest naturally lay in the treatment of transit. Up to July 1st, 1,105 wounded-a large the sick and wounded in times of war, as well proportion of whom were stretcher as the means taken to prevent sickness in the received in the hospitals at Tokio; none died, and field. The testimony he gives regarding Japan- all but one presented favorable prognoses.' ese science and skill shows that remarkable peo- Such facts as these lend significance to the ple to be as far in advance of European and statement of a distinguished Japanese officer American civilization in these respects as they with whom Dr. Seaman discussed Russia's over- appear to be in all others that constitute an whelming numbers. effective army and navy. Dr. Seaman had some ""Yes; we are prepared for that. Russia may be interesting experiences in Manchuria, at Che- able to place 2,000,000 men in the field. We can now. 6 case cases-were 6 1905.] 11 THE DIAL - 6 furnish 500,000. You know in every war four men In this spirit, and quite honestly, does Major die of disease for every one who falls from bullets. That will be the position of Russia in this war. Darwin discuss Municipal Trade in a work of We propose to eliminate disease as a factor. Every 464 pages. His book is the result of much man who dies in our army must fall on the field research, and is full of interesting information. of battle. In this way we shall neutralize the supe- Very conveniently for the reader, the gist of riority of Russian numbers and stand on a com- paratively equal footing.") each chapter is summed up in a few sentences, Very suggestively does Dr. Seaman observe, so that it is possible to get at the main argu- comparing American methods with Japanese, ments of the author almost too easily, and the * The only difference is, we talk, while Japan impression gathered from the detailed perusal acts.' of the text may be confirmed by the author's own WALLACE RICE. summary. It is stated at the outset that Munic- ipal Trade is increasing rapidly, and is more extensively undertaken in Great Britain than THE PUBLIC MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL in any other country. Municipal Trade and ENTERPRISES.* Socialism are said to be products of the same In the Spring of 1904, I wrote to a corre- forces; but this volume has no immediate con- spondent, a well-known student of municipal cern with the latter. The strongest argument affairs, that I was about to visit England. In in favor of Municipal Trade is that companies, replying, he desired me to take note of various looking mainly to making profits, may, in the things, but particularly to notice the terms upon case of monopolies, ignore questions connected which public franchises were being granted in with public health, morals, order, or conve- that country. It so happened that in the course nience. Municipal Trade is, therefore, undoubt- of my visit I met Mr. John Burns, member of edly right in many cases. However, there is Parliament and of the London County Council; the danger of corruption; 'a large number of and to him I referred the question put by my voters being in the pay of the State adds greatly correspondent. Upon what terms are we to the probability of corruption.' Then follows granting franchises ?' said he; upon no a detailed discussion of various cases, and a terms!'- and he proceeded to tell me how demonstration of the unreliability of statistics, many cities had taken over their street-cars, with such statements as these: 'No gain is their water-works, electric-lighting, and what made by Municipal Trade unless a risk is run. not. Mr. Burns did not exaggerate; municipal Municipal Trade diminishes competition ownership is in the air of England to-day, and and checks progress. . . Looking to the future, as yet there is nothing to show that public con- a reformed' municipal trade should be com- trol is losing favor. When the progressives of pared with a reformed private trade.' The last the London County Council undertook to gov- sentence indicates the main position of the ern the metropolis, so far as their powers per- author, which is that private trade may be so mitted, there were many who predicted disaster. reformed and controlled as to serve all public The rule of these theorists has indeed cost purposes as well or better than municipal trade, money, but it has produced so many blessings with the exception of certain specified under- that it has won approval, and in spite of abuse takings, which it is held should be in public the result of each election has been a progressive hands. victory. The story of the London County Coun- On the whole, Major Darwin goes so far that cil, with the visible results of its work, are I one wonders why he does not go farther. The think of more significance than anything else reason is, apparently, that he cannot escape in England to-day. from a certain old-fashioned point of view, born Such a movement naturally and properly pro- of the orthodox political economy of the last duces its own literature. If the judgment of century. He cannot see things in their broader contemporary writers is not exactly impartial, light, being too much concerned with financial it is at all events the fruit of genuine mental profit-and-loss, and too afraid of 'subsidising' perturbation. The thing, whether it appears one class at the expense of the rest, - good or bad, has to be dealt with somehow, and private trade did not do this on a gigantic scale! no writer doubts that his judgment upon it is Consequently his book is hailed in certain quar- of great moment. The time for mere disdain, ters as a really scientific demonstration of the or even for mere opposition, is past. fallacies of modern socialistic movements; * MUNICIPAL TRADE. whereas it actually affords a remarkable illus- The Advantages and Disadyan- tages Resulting from the Substitution of Representative tration of the working of the new wine, though Bodies for Private Proprietors in the Management of it be in old bottles. Industrial Undertakings. By Major Leonard Darwin, New York: E. P. Dutton & Co. It is impossible in a brief review article to By discuss the arguments pro and con, but refer- Bernard Shaw. Westminister: Archibald Constable & Co., ence may be made to page 57, where it is urged as if THE COMMON SENSE OF MUNICIPAL TRADING. Ltd. 12 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL son. that sentimental considerations cannot be al- lowed to weigh in the balance. 'A feeling of gratification at their city's achieve- ments is felt by most citizens, especially by those possessing the municipal franchise, because the sentiment that they have a share in the ownership and management of large municipal works is agreeable to them, even if that share be excessively small; and such feelings will create a desire for a further increase in the number of the functions to be performed by municipalities. But does this desire, founded on this feeling, indicate in the slightest degree that any such increase in the func- tions performed by the state would be beneficial ? We are considering whether the popularity of Municipal Trade proves it to be intrinsically bene. ficial; and, as far as popularity depends on mere sentiment, it obviously proves nothing.' On the contrary, it seems to me that if a given municipal enterprise (or anything else) pro- duces a feeling of gratification in the minds of the citizens, that feeling in itself is an asset of a valuable kind, fairly to be set even against financial loss. Major Darwin must surely admit that even if (as was not stated) the gratification of the 'sentiment' involved some loss of money, the exchange might be no rob- bery, or otherwise he should hesitate the next time he buys a ticket to the theatre, or treats himself to any innocent form of amusement. The American reader will find the use of the word “corporation, meaning always a public body, rather confusing. It will also be recog- nized, in comparing American experiences, that what will succeed in one place may very well fail in another; in other words, the ability of any city to develop the best type of govern- ment depends upon the character of its cit- izens. At the same time, it has been justly urged that public mismanagement sufficient to create a national scandal may yet be a smali thing compared with the almost unrecorded fruits of private rapacity, — a fact which should prevent us from being discouraged by apparent failures. Mr. Bernard Shaw's little book on “The Com- mon Sense of Municipal Trading' comes like a breath of fresh air to dispel the fogs engendered by fruitless controversy. Characteristically, he says in his preface: 'I hope nobody will be deterred from reading this book by the notion that the subject is a dry one. It is, on the con- trary, one of the most succulent in the whole range of literature.' And so it is, in his hands. I am sorry I cannot quote the whole book; any mere summary would be inadequate. The fol- lowing quotation will best serve to give an idea of Mr. Shaw's point of view, and if it is rather longer than is usually permitted in a review, I think no apology is necessary: Consider the case of a great dock company. Near the docks three institutions are sure to be found: a workhouse, an infirmary, and a police court. The loading and unloading of ships is dangerous labor, and to a great extent casual labor, because the ships do not arrive in regular numbers of regular tonnage at regular intervals, nor does the work average itself sufficiently to keep a com- plete staff regularly employed as porters are at a railway station, Numbers of men are taken on and discharged just as they are wanted, at sixpence an hour (in London) or less. This is convenient for the dock company; but it surrounds the dock with a demoralized, reckless and desperately poor population. No human being, however solid his character and careful his training, can loaf at the street corner waiting to be picked up for a chance job without becoming more or less of a vagabond: one sees this even in the artistic professions, where the same evil exists under politer conditions, as unmistakably as in the ranks of casual labor. The shareholders and directors do not live near the docks, so this does not affect them personally. But the rate payers who do live near the dock are affected very seriously both in person and pocket. A visit to the workhouse and a chat with one of the Poor Law Guardians will help to explain mat- ters. "Into that workhouse every dock laborer can walk at any moment, and, by announcing himself as a destitute person, compel the guardians to house and feed and clothe him at the expense of the rate- payers. When he begins to tire of the monotony of "the able bodied ward” and its futile labor, he can wait until a ship comes in; demand his dis- charge; do a day's work at the docks; spend the proceeds in a carouse and a debauch; and return to the workhouse next morning, again a destitute per- This is systematically done at present by num- bers of men who are by no means the least intel- ligent or capable of their class. Occasionally the carouse ends in their being taken to the police sta- tion instead of returning immediately to the work. house. And if they are unlucky at their work, they may be carried for surgical treatment to the infirm- ary; for in large docks accidents that require hos- pital treatment occur in busy times at intervals of about fifteen minutes. Finally, when they are worn out, they subside into the workhouse permanently as aged paupers until they are buried by the guardians. Now workhouses, infirmaries and police courts cannot be maintained for nothing. Of late years workhouses have become much more expensive; in fact the outcry against the increase of the rate, which is being so vigorously used to discredit municipal trading, is due primarily and overwhelm- ingly Poor Law, and only secondarily to educa- tional and police expenditures, and has actually forced forward those branches of municipal trading which promise contributions out of their profits in relief of the general rate. This expenditure out of the rates on the workhouse is part of the cost of poverty and demoralization; and if these are caused in any district by the employment of casual labor, and its remuneration at less than subsistence rates, then it is clear that a large part of the cost of the casual labor is borne by the ratepayer and not by the dock company. The dividends, in fact, come straight out of the ratepayers' pockets, and are not in any real sense profits at all. Thus it is one of the many ironies of the situation that the sacrifices the ratepayer makes to relieve the poor really go largely to subsidize the rich. 'A municipality cannot pick the the ratepayer's pocket in this fashion. Transfer the docks to the municipality, and it will not be able to justify a loss at the workhouse and police station by a profit at the docks. The ratepayer does not go into the accounts; all he knows is whether the total number 1905) :13 THE DIAL 1 6 of pence in the pound has risen or fallen. Conse- sented. Taking first the volume of Short Sto- quently the municipality, on taking over the docks, would be forced to aim in the first instance at ries we find that Mr. Baldwin has planned, organizing its work so as to provide steady perma- both in his introduction and in his illustra- nent employment for its laborers at a living wage, tions, to emphasize development. He particu- even at the cost of being overstaffed on slack days, larly states that it is not his purpose to collect until the difficulty had been solved by new organ- the best American short stories. Recognizing ization and machinery, as such difficulties always are when they can no longer be shirked. Under this particular literary development as alto- these conditions it is quite possible that the profits gether an indigenous growth, he notes the made formerly by the dock company might disap- appearance of Poe's 'Berenice' (1835) as the pear; but if a considerable part of the pauperism and crime of the neighborhood disappeared simulta- emergence of the definite form. Previous to neously, the bargain would be a very profitable one this date lies the period of experiment. Taking indeed for the ratepayers, though the Times would Irving's ‘Rip Van Winkle' as the initial exam- abound with letters contrasting the former commer- ple, significant in its method of the influence cial prosperity of the dock company with the present “indebtedness' of the municipality.' (Pp. of both Addison and Goldsmith, the editor 21-24.) points out that the 'sketch,' as Irving correctly T. D. A. COCKERELL. termed his work, is not identical in form with the type which was to be evolved. As further specimens of the productions of this tentative period he cites the wonderfully clever tale by THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN AMERICAN William Austin, entitled 'Peter Rugg, the LITERATURE. Missing Man,'— strikingly suggestive in its Something of a new departure in the machin- weird symbolism of the manner of Hawthorne; er for a critical study of our native authors *The French Village,' by James Hall; and is noted in the appearance of three attractive 'The Inroad of the Nabajo,' by Albert Pike. volumes forming the beginning of what is The characteristics of the subsequent period, announced as “The Wampum Library of Amer- that in which the perfected type becomes appar- ican Literature. When completed, this enter- ent, are illustrated by selections from Haw- prise will include a series of uniform volumes, thorne, Longfellow, Poe, Willis, Mrs. Kirkland, each of which shall deal with the development Fitz-James O'Brien, Bret Harte, Webster, Bay- of a single literary species, tracing the evolu- ard Taylor, H. C. Bunner, and Harold Fred- tion of this definite form here in the United eric. States, and presenting in chronological sequence In the short story as conceived by Poe, Mr. typical examples chosen from the writings of Baldwin finds the perfect model of the new American authors. The editors of the several form. The definite principles embodied in its volumes provide critical introductions in which construction are recognized as harmonisation, they outline the history of the form as it has simplification, and gradation. “Every detail of been evolved in the literature of the world.' setting and style is selected for its architectural The entire work is under the editorial super- fitness. . . Its contrivance to further the mood vision of Prof. Brander Matthews. We regard may be seen in the use of a single physical the plan as timely and useful. If the succeed- . detail as a recurring dominant (like the refrain ing volumes are as capably edited as the three so frequent in his verse].' 'At best he planned now publishd, the series will prove of great a rising edifice of emotional impressions, a value in the historical study of our literature, voi of creative, structural imagination.' The and will go far in substantiating the existence defining mark of the short story is thus arrived of a definite body of compositions to which the at: ‘Unity of impression through strict unity distinctive title of American literature may of form. The particular tale chosen to rep- properly and worthily be applied. That there resent the power of Poe is “The Fall of the is a quality as well as a tone in the work of our House of Usher,'— a perfect example of this own authors notably distinct from that of the theory in its application. Mr. Baldwin, by the British product is emphasized in at least two way, makes no reference to the interest in sit- of the three volumes at hand. uation,' discussed by Mr. Henry S. Canby in a Naturally one's attention is drawn to the recent number of THE DIAL.* In a condensed critical essays introducing the selections in the and rapid survey of a dozen pages the author several volumes, and to the principles which completes his introduction with an account of have directed the choice of the specimens pre- the literary derivation of the short story from • THE WAMPUM LIBRARY OF AMERICAN LITERATURE, the late Greek and Latin romances, through Edited by Brander Matthews, Litt.D. Vol. I., American Short Stories, edited by Charles Sears Baldwin, Ph.D.; the mediæval tales and the work of the Italian Vol. II., American Literary Criticism, edited by William and French story writers. Morton Payne, LL.D.; American Familiar Verse, edited hy Brand-p Matthews, Litt.D. New York : Longmans, * The Modern Short Story, by Henry Seidel Cauby. Green & Co. THE DIAL, Sept. 1, 1904. 14 (Jan. 1, THE DIAL - CC the Upon the same general principle — namely catholicity in the admission of selections, to illustrate the progress of its evolution - is this body of verse as a whole gives a coördi- based the plan of the second volume in the nated and agreeable impression of the sentiment series, which deals with the development of the and cleverness of American poets in this par- critical spirit in American literature. The ticular field. Mr. Matthews in his introduction essays selected are wholly upon literary themes, defines the term Familiar Verse as 'the lyric of and include examples of Dana, Ripley, Emer- commingled sentiment and playfulness which son, Poe, Margaret Fuller, Lowell, Whitman, is more generally and more carelessly called Whipple, Stedman, Howells, Lanier, and James. vers de société,' and further indicates as re- Mr. Payne's introduction is particularly illumi- quisite elements in its success the characteristics nating, and may fairly be included with the of brevity, brilliancy, and buoyancy. Electing essays which follow, as an illustration of lit- to use the more inclusive phrase which he erary insight and critical discrimination. The employs in his title, he finds that the familiar natural law of literary development: first the verse in English literature, including the work creative, then the critical period, is modified of British and American poets, is as rich as in the history of American literature by the that existing in French literature and probably fact that the native beginnings in this country superior to the latter. American familiar verse were the beginnings not of seedlings but of proves to be 'less often a song of Society itself transplanted growths which may develop only than is its British rival; it has a little less of after the plants have acquired adaptability to the mere glitter of wit and perhaps a little the new environment. Thus does the author more of the mellower tenderness of humor. It account for the retardation of the growth both shrinks less from a homely theme; and it does of the creative imagination and of critical per- not so often seek that flashing sharpness of ception among American writers until the open-outline, which Praed delighted in and which ing of the nineteenth century. It would be sometimes suggests fireworks at midnight. “ ' invidious,' says Mr. Payne, 'to single out any Holmes, Saxe, Eugene Field, and Henry Cuy- one [distinctive writer of that period] as ler Bunner, together with Stedman and Aldrich father of literary criticism" in America. Per- among living poets, are recognized as our most haps Bryant would come as near as any to conspicuous masters in this form of verse. deserving that title by virtue of the article ſa From the character of these three volumes review of Brown's Essay on American Poetry] it is evident that the series when complete will which appeared in The North American Review place in their proper proportions the successive for 1818. . . A better case is made out for steps in the evolution of these istinct literary Richard Henry Dana (1787-1879), who in the forms,- a desirable thing to accomplish, and years 1817-19 contributed to that Review a one not easily achieved in a single volume of number of lengthy critical studies.' We have essays. The one unfortunate feature in the space to note but few of many interesting general plan of the library 'is the arbitrary details which enliven this essay; but the care- restriction which prohibits a selection from ful appreciations of Whipple and Lowell should any living American writers whose birth has be mentioned. Poe is happily, and by no means occurred since December 31, 1850; while selec- slightingly, referred to as the enfant terrible tions are included from living authors born of American criticism.' Of Lanier Mr. Payne before that date, and from others who were remarks, perhaps too mildly, that he 'rather born later but who are now dead. Inasmuch forced the relation between poetry and music, as the work is planned not to exploit our writers and his scholarly equipment was inadequate to but to illustrate and record the development the ambitious task which he set himself in these of our literature in its various forms, this illogi- lecture courses which were afterwards made cal rule must prove unnecessarily embarrassing into books.' to the editors and often unfair to the reader. In the third volume, which treats of Amer- W. E. SIMONDS. ican familiar verse, Mr. Matthews has departed slightly from the plan followed by Mr. Baldwin, 'First Aid for the After-Dinner Speaker' might in that his collection appears to be the first have been the title of a little book compiled by attempt to select the best specimens of familiar Mr. John Horne, and more modestly styled by him verse by American authors only. The editor 'Starting Points.' It is a collection of 'sentences has been catholic in his choice, for we find selec- sifted from authors of to-day and yesterday,' and designed to offer a bait to the mind oppressed with tions apparently as incongruous as the well- the necessity of saying something in public, and worn classic of 'Old Grimes' and the tender having not the least idea how to begin. The selec- lyric 'Auf Wiedersehen,' the children's favorite tion is catholic enough, in all conscience; Ruskin * Twas the Night before Christmas,' and 'Pan jostles with Mr. J. K. Jerome, and Erasmus with Mr. John Huntley Skrine-whoever the gentleman in Wall Street.' Yet upon examination, in As the editor remarks, 'A commonplace spite of what at first appears a rather startling to-day may be an archangel's blast to-morrow. 6 may be. 1905.] 15 THE DIAL 6 > 9 RECENT FICTION, * One of the noteworthy achievements of mod- ern psychology is its demonstration of the part played in shaping human lives by the uncon- scious or sub-conscious factors in the mental pro- cess. The poets have known this truth intui- tively for years, but it has remained for the men of science to establish it by experiment. "The Undercurrent,' a new novel by Mr. Robert Grant, offers us a concrete illustration of this principle as applied to a special case. His theme is the very modern problem of the divorce evil, and he shows us how the undercurrent of emo- tion eventually triumphs over reason, and sweeps away the intellectual objections which stand in the path of a woman's happiness. The situation is subtly handled, and one of the oldest of stories thereby acquires new distinction. It is the familiar story of marriage without much thought, the husband's rapid development into a vulgar brute, and his final desertion of wife and chil- dren. Then the right man appears upon the scene, and the deserted wife is torn by the con- flict between desire and duty. The plea of duty is voiced by the representatives of church and society, and their argument convinces her intel- lect, yet it takes only a slight mishap to the man whom she loves to bring about her surrender. Although this is a very special case, and the writer does everything in his power to make us feel that considerations of the sanctity of the marriage bond and the interests of society should not be permitted to stand in the way of this woman's happiness, he presents the argument against divorce with absolute fairness and with so much cogency that it should have prevailed upon a woman of her strength of character, and held her firm in her resolution to accept the conse- quences of her ill-considered marriage. When impulse gets the better of argument, and she yields with the author's evident approval of her * THE UNDERCURRENT. By Robert Grant. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. GUTHRIE OF THE TIMES. A Story of Success. By Joseph A. Altsheler. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co. TRAITOR AND LOYALIST, Or, The Man Who Found his Country. By Henry Kitchell Webster. New York: The Macmillan Co. A Novel of the War. By Upton Sinclair. New York: The Macmillan Co. THE SEA-WOLF. By Jack London. New York: The Maemillan Co. WHOSOEVER SHALL OFFEND. By F. Marion Crawford. New York: The Macmillan Co. THE FARM OF THE DAGGER, By Eden Phillpotts. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. THE PRODIGAL Son. By Hall Caine. New York: D. Appleton & Co. THE BETRAYAL. By E. Phillips Oppenheim. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. THE CLOSED BOOK. Concerning the Secret of the Bor- gias. By William Le Queux. New York: The Smart Set Publishing Co. THE TRUANTS. By A. E. W. Mason. New York: Harper & Brothers. GENEVRA, By Charles Marriott. New York: D. Apple- ton & Co. action, we become conscious of a chilling of the moral atmosphere, and a lowering of the heroine in our esteem. Of course, this method of dealing with the difficulty is a hundred times more honest than the artificial expedient of the husband's timely death, which most novelists would find adequate, but we cannot help feeling that the writer tips his moral balance the wrong way, and that the clergyman's 'One wearies of this everlasting demand for happiness in this life,' strikes a deeper note than can be heard in the protestations of the lovers. Mr. Joseph A. Altsheler has deserted the field of warfare for that of present-day journalism and politics, and has given us in his 'Guthrie of the Times' an interesting and straightforward story of modern life—a story of success,' he calls it, and the description is true in more senses than one. The scene of the novel is a state un- named, but easily identifiable as Kentucky; the hero is a newspaper writer of resource and high ideals; the heroine is a young woman who has to become re-Americanized after a life spent main- ly abroad. How the hero defeats the attempt to impeach a public officer in the interests of a cor- rupt financial enterprise, how the heroine, wit- nessing, admires, and how in the end he wins both her love and an unexpected nomination for Con- gress, are the chief matters which enlist our interest. Incidentally, we are given a vivid pic- ture of a Kentucky mountain feud, in which the hero plays a part. The whole story is told to direct and workmanlike effect, and illustrates not only the practice of journalism as exhibited by the leading figure, but also the characteristic lit- erary qualities which journalism of the better type develops in its professional followers. Two novels of the Civil War demand a place in our present selection. Mr. Henry Kitchell Webster's Traitor and Loyalist' is a straight- forward story of blockade-running in the early days of the conflict. The scene of operation is the course from Nassau to Wilmington, and the author has thoroughly informed himself upon the technical details of the trade. His hero is the captain of a merchantman who goes into the risky business because it is his father's business, because that father is a New York copperhead of rabid prejudices, and because the son, having been brought up to obey his father's orders, does not give much thought to the polit- ical and patriotic considerations involved. The heroine is the daughter of a secessionist leader of North Carolina, and it devolves upon the hero to take her as a passenger when he runs the blockade with his consignment of supplies. It is his love for her that eventually opens his eyes to the fact that he is betraying his country, and her trust in his essential integrity that leads him to give up his trade and give his services to the imperiled nation. This he is about to do when the story ends. The work is cleverly done upon conventional lines, and has both breeziness vigor 1 MANASSAS. 1 THE DIVINE Fire. By May Sinclair. New York : Henry an. Manassas,' by Mr. Upton Sinclair, is a very Holt & Co. THE MASQUERADER. By Katherine Cecil Thurston. New York: Harper & Brothers. different sort of book, having for its purpose not entertainment, but instruction and the 16 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL a revivifying of the intense emotions of the years preceding the war. It is only fair at the outset of our comment to give warning that it has a hero but no heroine. Although absolutely devoid of the love interest, which is not even hinted at in the course of these four hundred pages, it is one of the most thrillingly interesting books of its kind that we have ever read. We are not quite sure that it even has a hero, for the leading character, whose life is portrayed for us from childhood up, does not become a man of action until the very close, but is presented to us throughout as one in whose mind and feelings are reflected the interests and the passions of the period of anti-slavery agitation. The real drama of the book is the historical clash of the two civilizations, and individuals seem to be made use of only by way of incidental illustration. The hero, if we may so call him, is reared upon a Mississippi plantation which will eventually fall to him as an inheritance. When still a boy, he is taken to Boston, and there educated. He does not lose sympathy for his own people as result of this removal, but his eyes are opened to the horrors of slavery, and he realizes that when the struggle comes it will be his duty to stand by the union. As the fundamental cause of that struggle slavery is emphasized, and rightly, as all-important. In the course of the narrative we are made acquainted with the workings of the Underground Railroad, the mobbing of abolition- ists, the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law in Boston and elsewhere, and John Brown's mad enterprise at Harper's Ferry. We are also given, although not taken to the scene, vivid accounts of the border warfare in Kansas, of the great slavery debates in the Senate, of the dastardly assault upon Sumner, and nearly every other matter affecting the slavery issue during the fifties. In fact, the reader, if he stops to think at all, must soon realize that what he is reading is not fiction at all, but a consecutive and almost documentary history of the period. It is his- tory written with warmth and an eye for dra- matic effect, to be sure, but it is nevertheless essentially history. It is the author's triumph that his readers are not likely to think very much about such things, so enthralling has he made his pages. It is only near the close that Sumter is fired upon, and the war begun. Then we get a few impressionist snap-shots of the excitement in both sections, a hurried account of the scenes of confusion in and about Washington, a glimpse of the new President as he seemed in those first days of trial to the men who had been too bewil- dered to take his true measure, and finally, the rout at Bull Run from the standpoint of the hero, a private in his first engagement. This battle episode suggests "The Red Badge of Courage,' only it seems to be better done. And here, hav- ing brought us just over the verge of actual con- flict, the book ends-ends where most novels of the Civil War begin. It is a work deserving of very high praise. It does not treat its history as a spectacle simply, but has the rare quality of arousing our emotions almost to the pitch of those that made the war inevitable, and of enabling us of a later generation to feel the passion of those great past days when conscience counted for something in our politics, and when a worthy cause evoked our noblest national energies. A fastidious man of letters, whose life has never been ruffled by anything more serious than the clash of conversational wits or the contro- versies of the critical pen, is one day crossing the Bay of San Francisco on a ferry-boat. The Bay is foggy, but he has no thought of danger until the ferry is suddenly struck amidships and speedily sunk. The cause of the mishap is an outward-bound sealer, and upon this craft the victim of the collision finds himself after he is restored to consciousness. He then discovers to his consternation that he is in for a voyage of several months to the coast of Japan and Kams- chatka, and that he has ceased to be even a free agent. The captain of the sealer, it appears, is a brute of violent disposition who is a law unto himself, and this autocrat decrees that the new passenger shall sign as cabin-boy, ‘for the good of his soul,' as the Sea-Wolf grimly remarks. Since this person has a rough and ready way of enforcing his arguments by a free use of his fists, and since the newly-rescued man has then and there a convincing object-lesson of the validity of this method of reasoning, the views are per- force accepted, and he faces for the first time in his career the realities of life. From this point on, the book becomes a tale of the sea, and of the daily routine of a floating hell. The Sea- Wolf is the incarnation of sheer animalism, the vigor of his physical frame matched by the strength of his will, and capable of every sort of brutality. He is also-and this is the curious thing about him-by way of being a philosopher; he reads Spencer and Browning, and interprets them by the light of a vigorous and unsophis- ticated intellect. Of ethical obligations he has no notion whatever, being a very startling em- bodiment of Nietzsche's ideal of the Uehermensch. Nothing like a scruple is ever known to him, and he is in equal measure hated and feared by his Under this rough tutelage the man of let- ters turned ship’s drudge learns many things not set down in the books, and develops a strength and a resourcefulness that he would otherwise never have known. Thus the story becomes essen- tially an account of the development of charac- ter under extraordinary conditions, and its aspect a narrative of adventure is obscured by its aspect as a psychological study. It is not a pleasant tale to read-it too strongly seasoned to be that,, but it acquires a certain fascination in the course of its telling, and fairly grips the attention in its culminating passages. Mr. Crawford's technique becomes, if anything, more refined with each new work that he puts forth, but his substance grows thinner than ever. A forced and mechanical invention marks the plot of ‘Whosoever Shall Offend,' and the charac- ters are but slightly modified variations of the types that he has been fashioning for the past score of years. The new novel is concerned with a polished villain, who murders his wife and seeks to murder his stepson, all with the sordid object men. as 1905.] 17 THE DIAL a 6 of gaining their fortune for himself, and in the * The Closed Book,' by Mr. William Le Queux, end is trapped and punished according to his is undeniably a 'shocker,' but it is fairly well deserts. It is all very cleverly managed, but the written, and the plot is striking. It concerns two interest is of the mildest. buried treasures-the jewels of Lucrezia Borgia In "The Farm of the Dagger,' Mr. Eden and the plate of Crowland Abbey. A medieval Phillpotts resorts to the scene, the period, and manuscript written by an Italian monk discloses even the special theme of his 'American Pris- the secret of both, and nearly puts an end to the oner.' Once more we are taken to rural Dart- lives of several people, its leaves being impreg- moor in the early nineteenth century, and once nated with the mysterious poison of the Borgias. more we are made acquainted with the grim The quest for the treasure is pursued by two rival walls of the Prince Town prison. By way of a sets of discoverers, which makes the story very variation, however, the hero is not an American exciting. The main lines of the narrative are prisoner but an English gentleman, although one worked out to a tolerably satisfactory conclusion, of our captured fellow-countrymen plays an but several threads that promise to be important important part in the story. The substance of the are dropped during the process, and we are left book is a Montague and Capulet feud under in dark perplexity concerning the connection with English skies, ending, unlike that of Verona, with the plot of several of the secondary figures. the happy union of the lovers. The parents are Mr. Mason's novels are apt to be loose-jointed, sacrificed instead, which is much more satisfac- and based upon somewhat unnatural situations. tory. The leading character of The Truants' is an Mr. Hall Caine has chosen to entitle his new Englishman who, having done nothing in particu- novel, “The Prodigal Son.' The scene is Ice- lar to justify his existence, is afraid that his wife land, used by the author as the stage-setting for will come to feel contempt for him, and so resorts one of his earlier novels. His ‘Prodigal Son' to the device of leaving her until he shall have is a despicably weak person, pleasure-loving, and achieved fortune or reputation upon the score of incapable of resisting temptation. He becomes his personal merits. His first effort is made in morally responsible for his wife's death through America, where he falls among thieves. Then he neglect coupled with infatuation for another ships as a common sailor on a North Sea trawler, woman. He goes abroad, breaks the most solemn and gets a taste of rough life. But this does not pledges, becomes a gambler and a cheat, and seem to lead to anything, so he finally enlists in forges his father's name. But with all these sins the French Foreign Legion, does hard service in to his account, he develops into a musical genius, Algiers, and wins distinction for his bravery. The assumes a new name, and wins both wealth and real fact of the matter is that he should not have fame. Returning to Iceland, he becomes fully left his wife at all, for she is of the kind that is acquainted with the misery he has wrought, and sure to seek consolation- 1-a trait of which he was makes what tardy reparation is still within his fairly warned before he went away. When he power. The story shows a confused sense of learns, in his African camp, that she is on the moral values, and fairly reeks with cheap sen- point of finding and accepting consolation for his timentality. Its style is common and its situa- desertion, he becomes a deserter himself, escapes tions theatrical. Altogether it is a poorer per- through Morocco to the coast, and returns to formance than was to be expected even from Europe just in time to thwart the villain who the author of The Christian' and 'The Eter- has designs on his honor. There is a good deal nal City.' of variety about this romance, but it is not a very The new novel of Mr. E. Phillips Opperheim organic piece of work. The best part of it is is called “The Betrayal.' Its hero is an impe- that devoted to the Foreign Legion, of which the cunious pedagogue of refined sensibilities but author seems to have made a special study. It is unfortunate parentage. Its heroine is the daugh- fairly new ground for the average reader, in spite ter of a noble lord whose chief public interest is of that 'soldier of the legion' who ‘lay dying at the development of a plan for the defence of Algiers,' and whose story is embalmed in one of the nation against foreign invasion. This plan the most familiar pieces of sentimental verse. requires the utmost secrecy, and the committee Mr. Marriott's new novel, 'Genevra,' is a study in charge hit upon the obscure pedagogue as the of a woman's temperament, framed in the Cor- proper person to act as their secretary. He is nish setting that the author knows so well how to scrupulously honest and painstaking, but despite describe. The story has as little as possible of his best efforts the plans of the committee some- the dramatic; a few other people have to be intro- how leak out and are sold to the enemy. The duced as foils to the principal figure; there must mystery lasts a long while, and is finally solved even be a man capable of awakening her love, for by the revelation that the duke who is the head otherwise her character would be only half of the organization is the traitor, having fallen revealed. She is one of those self-repressed into a financial pit, and seeking to recoup his women whom few understand; except for one fortunes by these infamous means. In the end, unguarded hour she keeps the citadel of her soul his treachery discovered, he conveniently com- from invasion. The traditions of her race are mits suicide, the hero and heroine marry, and dignified, and her life remains in keeping with the skies are once more clear. The story is ani- them, even when beset by the vulgarities of a mated and exciting, and the leading characters shrewish sister-in-law and a sleek suitor. Only in are limned with a considerable degree of skill. her poems does she offer her soul for the inspec- 18 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL tion of others, and those who surround her are imposture, she is not outraged, as a conventional blind to any revelation of that kind. The man to heroine would be, but remains faithful to her whom she yields herself for a time proves a crea- newly-awakened affections. This difficult relation ture of common clay (although a famous artist), is treated with delicacy that can give no offense, and the tragedy that comes with her realization but the moralist is sure to find in the dénoûment of that fact leaves her spirit chastened but a stumbling-block. For when the real husband unbroken. Her life-story is a tapestry of severe dies of an overdose of morphine, and the lovers design and sombre hue; the life is her own, not are left to face the future, they decide that their another's, and we are left in no doubt that it feelings for each other constitute the all-impor- must remain so in the unrecorded years to come. tant factor in the perplexing situation, and that it *The Divine Fire' is a title that fairly sug- is best for them to continue the imposture indefi- gests the theme of Miss May Sinclair's novel, nitely, without regard to such unimportant mat- which is a full-length study of the poetic tem- ters as property and inheritance. It is a con- perament, framed in a varied and curiously inter- clusion to take one's breath away, but it at least esting environment, and drawn with a firmness of offers a refreshing contrast to the artificial hand that excites one's admiration. Who Miss means that any other novelist would have devised Sinclair may be we know not, but if this is her for getting out of the difficulty. And the story first novel, she has made a promising beginning. is so ingeniously told and cleverly constructed The work has six hundred closely printed pages, that its very boldness is in a measure justified. and they are none too many for the delight of the WILLIAM MORTON PAYXE. reader. The poet whose fortunes are followed through all this maze is, no abstract creation of sentimental fancy, but a man of flesh and blood, a man, moreover, placed amid the most depress- BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. ing surroundings-a London bookshop, a Blooms- bury boarding-house, and the fellowship of semi- Essays by In no dilettante spirit does bohemian journalistic life. He is a cockney by the hermit of Mr. Paul Elmer More approach breeding and circumstance, and he struggles des- Shelburne. his task of criticism. Two years perately to preserve his aspirates. But with all of solitary meditation in a secluded spot on the this he is a poet, and his genius forces its way to Androscoggin, where the recluse lived much after self-expression. The author is daring enough to the manner of Thoreau at Walden, revealed to give us an occasional illustration of his poetical him that his work was to be the criticism of powers, which is rather unwise, because the son- others' writings, not the production of master- nets she prints, although tolerable imitations of pieces of his own. ‘Shelburne Essays: First Rossetti, are by no means up to the level of such Series' (Putnam) is a collection of literary, a genius as she describes. of the purification psychological, and ethical studies, of unusual Of of this genius, and of the moral quixotism of the seriousness and power. The first essay is on poet's life, this book is one long and minutely- Thoreau, but our forest hermit is no naturalist; detailed chronicle. It rises, moreover, to real dis- he respects nature's secrets, and refrains from the tinction of style, besides being of absorbing inter- botanist’s and entomologist's and ornithologist's est from cover to cover. It is the sort of book prying curiosity. To the problems of the soul, that one begins by skimming, and ends by giving as presented in literature and life, he devotes his the closest attention to paragraph and phrase. energies. An excellent study of Hawthorne Granting the initial possibility of two men so dwells on the romancer's loneliness and pictures closely resembling one another as to deceive their the inevitable solitariness of every soul as the closest friends--and even the wife of the one theme that most powerfully appealed to the who is married-granting this, there is no further creator of Hester Prynne and Ethan Brand and difficulty of an insuperable nature in accepting Hepzibah Pyncheon. An essay on Emerson is per- the plot of Mrs. Thurston's "The Masquerader.' haps all the better for being not wholly in sym- Of the two men who agree to exchange identities, pathy with the Transcendentalist. Appropriately one is a gifted but obscure person; the other is a enough there follows a chapter on Carlyle, in rising statesman, a member of Parliament, and a which the writer says some things that have not leader of the opposition. Unfortunately, he is been said before, but allows himself to assume as also a morphino maniac, and he provides himself beyond dispute that Carlyle's marriage was a with an official substitute in order that he may 'pathetic tragedy,' and even does his part toward retire from the world from time to time for increasing the pathos. After this one is not indulgence in the vice which has mastered him. unprepared to find him calling Froude's life of The man who impersonates him upon these occa- Carlyle one of the two great biographies of the sions develops a genius for politics, and eventu- language,' the other of course being Boswell's ally leads his party to power. Incidentally, he Johnson. A somewhat minute study of Mr. falls in love with the wife of the man for whom Arthur Symons's decadent verse would seem a he thus acts as a substitute, and the wife unsus- waste of energy except for the psychological pectedly finds herself caring for her husband; interest to be found in these poems, as the essay- that is, for the man whom she believes to be her ist observes, by those that are curious to follow husband. Here is where the author takes the bull the varied currents of modern thought. In the by the horns and grows audacious in her inven- recent Irish literary revival, Mr. More, 'wearied tion. For when the wife makes discovery of the of the imperialistic arrogance of Kipling the 1905.] 19 THE DIAL 6 great and the lesser Kiplings,' had hoped to find ing the relations between itself and the Creator the promise of better things, but he is somewhat of the universe. Nothing was absent but the sig- disappointed, a note of defeat seeming to him nature of the other high contracting party.' "The- predominant in the tones given forth by Erin's friends of freedom, as ever, allowed no freedom harp. In other words, it is decadence we again to any but themselves. The zealots of liberty of meet with here, though quite a different one from conscience permitted no liberty of conscience to the decadence of a Baudelaire or a Symons. exist among persons of other opinions. In what Count Tolstoy is to our author a false prophet, respect their conduct was better than the king's. in whose humanitarianism he sees nothing but the (which was as bad as possible) it is difficult to 'vicious circle of attempting to unite men for the discover; but historians usually prefer the cause mere sake of union.' Yet surely the connotations of popular to that of individual tyranny.' They of 'brotherly love' forbid its interpretation as an [the Covenanters] on the other hand, to repeat empty end in itself. Discussing the religious Mr. Gardiner's eloquent words, “had long been ground of humanitarianism, Mr. More distin- led astray, and had now returned to the Shepherd guishes between unworldly or religious motives and Bishop of their Souls''; not only so, they and those impulses that properly apply to the butted other sheep who would not enter the daily life and conduct of the world's people; and fold.' It may be doubted whether a mental tem- he maintains that 'to intrude the aspirations of per and attitude so far removed from the intense faith and hope and the ethics of the golden rule religious feeling of the time of which he is writ- of love' into worldly affairs is 'a mischievous ing, does not preclude an author from really folly.' Is religion then to be merely for Sunday understanding and judging fairly the men of that use, and a cloistered virtue the only one practic- time. But in respect to exact statement of doubt-. able? Perhaps something more of the spirit and ful events at least, Mr. Lang's work is a fine. less of the letter of religion may help toward solv- example of modern scholarship, being based on a ing the difficulty. Our essayist may be thought at careful analysis of the documents and other- times to take himself and his hermit experience, sources available for the study of Scottish his- and his ‘long course of wayward reading,' a little tory. too seriously. But he is not yet old, and he has a right to enjoy the seriousness of youth while it The wanderings After all the years Mr. John of a naturalist, lasts. Poets, too, are seldom richly endowed with Burroughs has devoted to the far and near. humor; and Mr. More is not unknown as a poet,- study of birds, it is not strange that he has learned to borrow some of their ways.. indeed, his essays are embellished here and there with verses of his own, chiefly translations. A His latest volume of essays, 'Far and Near' constant tendency to find analogies in Hindu liter- (Houghton), tells how he has taken to himself ature is conspicuous in this ex-professor of wings and flitted as far as Alaska for one season, and to Jamaica forhanother. On these flights. Sanskrit. However, he has certainly read widely and wisely, and his essays are unquestionably full his bird-like keenness of vision has served him of meat. well, and the messages he brings back are good to. listen to. Among the specialists of the Harriman The period of The third volume of Mr. Alaska Expedition of 1899, Mr. Burroughs was, Andrew Lang's 'History of so to speak, a generalist; yet he had enough spe- in Scotland. Scotland' (Dodd, Mead & Co.), cial knowledge in many fields to report with zest has to do with the period from the accession of the discoveries made by the 'fiends' in rocks, Charles I. to the end of Argyll's rising, 1625 to plants, glaciers, birds, and bears. Meanwhile he 1688. The impression received from this work is kept his eye on the landscape, and tells the that the author is not attempting to write a untravelled reader what he most wants to know, formal history of Scotland, but is rather using and tells it in his own expressive way. The hills. the materials he has collected and studied to test of Wyoming are almost as plump and muttony the accuracy of earlier works by well-known in places as the South Downs of England'; in authors. The result is that while those who are the Bad Lands, 'the earth seems to have been intimately familiar with the details of Scottish flayed alive, no skin or turf or verdure or vege- history will find Mr. Lang intensely interesting table mould anywhere, – all raw and quivering.' as a critic and as a shrewd investigator, uncover- Alaska itself is covered with an unbroken carpet ing new sources of information, the ordinary of verdure. Green, white, and blue are the reader must frequently be puzzled to understand three prevailing tints all the way from Cook Inlet the connection and relation of events. The to Unalaska; blue of the sea and sky, green of author takes for granted his reader's knowledge the shores and lower slopes, and white of the of the general course of Scottish history, even to lofty peaks and volcanic cones, they are min- the extent of omitting any general outline. His gled and contrasted all the way.' True to his most striking characteristic is his dispassionate, northern instinct, Mr. Burroughs finds Jamaica judicial, possibly even cynical, attitude towards a place 'cursed with perpetual summer,' and com- persons and incidents in relation to the contests plains that he cannot make love to Nature there. over religion with Charles I. Thus he writes of 'Nature in the tropics has little tenderness or the Covenant by which Scotch Presbyterians winsomeness. She is barbaric; she is painty and bound themselves to resist the liturgy of Charles stiff; she has no sentiment; she does not touch I.: "Scotland was once more in the happy pos- the heart; she flouts and revels and goes her own ture of Israel of old, and enjoyed a definite legal way like a wanton. She has never known adver- instrument, binding on all posterity, and regulat- sity; she has no memory and no longing; there is the Covenant 6 6 6 20 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL no autumn behind her and no spring before.' Nevertheless, no blossom of southern woods, no significant feature of the land, no bird-note, no star new to northern eyes, escapes this treasurer of beauty. But after all, it is in the interludes of Near' between these two themes of the 'Far' that we find Mr. Burroughs most himself. The nature-lover who writes the little comedy of the water-thrush family, and the little tragedy of the frozen baby rabbits, is the same who long ago won our hearts with stories of similar home-hap- penings. The records of far journeys in this new book may not add greatly to his reputation, but they serve the gracious purpose of showing us an old friend in new surroundings. Sheridan and To the already extensive list the closing days of historical monographs relat- of the Civil War. ing to the period of the Civil War there is added a sprightly and vivid account of the operations which brought that war to a close, namely, the eleven days' operations from March 29 to April 8, 1865, by Sheridan and his cavalrymen in front of Petersburg and Richmond. This is from the pen of Brevet Brigadier-General Henry E. Tremain, and is entitled 'Last Hours of Sheridan's Cavalry' (Bonnell, Silver & Bowers). General Tremain was himself as aide-de-camp to General Crook, an active participant in many of the scenes which he here describes. He has com- piled his book from notes taken by him on the field, which have heretofore been published in the newspaper press, and have been subjected to the comment and criticism of other actors in the same drama, much of which is here reproduced and made appendant to the principal narrative. The result is an unusually valuable compilation of contemporary notes. In quite full detail, and occupying over 400 pages, the writer carries his readers rapidly, but not too hastily, through the vicissitudes of an exciting campaign. This is the campaign in which it has been said that 'Grant commanded both his own and Lee's army.' Sheri- dan's work in weaving the final toils around the fated Confederacy is here graphically narrated, and the reader has an hourly view of the keen insight and circumspection with which the great commander performed the task for which he was summoned from the Valley of Virginia. When the evening of April 6 is reached, and one reads again Sheridan's terse despatch to Grant, ‘If the thing is pressed, I think Lee will surrender,' and when the next day sees the Federal pursuit of Lee more warm and eager than ever, the reader is prepared to share Sheridan's confidence in the expected result. There is considerable 'bite' in A dogmatic Mr. Frank Moore Colby's essayist. short essays, 'Imaginary Obli- gations' (Dodd, Mead & Co.), as those who have read them in “The Bookman' and elsewhere can testify. Mr. Colby possesses a good measure of shrewd sense, a wholesome hatred of humbug and a keen eye to detect it, a practised pen, and a knack of terse, incisive, and often striking expres- sion. But with these qualities go their defects: aiming to be brilliant and sententious, he occa- sionally exaggerates and makes phrases. The modesty of careful utterance is shocked by such an assertion as that 'false humor-worship is the deadliest of social sins'; and the writer illus- trates the vice he on another page inveighs against (phrase-making) when he allows the fol- lowing to escape his pen: "There is nothing more amazing to the reader than the way a mind can be wrapped in a "policy." Many a decorous news- paper is edited by a moral papoose. In private life “the policy'' would make you talk in epitaphs of last year's opinions, hook your fancy to a foregone conclusion, turn your mind into a bare card-catalogue of the things you used to think.' A vocabulary is a fine thing, and so is a small boy's new drum; but so also is moderation. How- ever, Mr. Colby is still a young man. Perhaps when he is older he will not bristle with so many positive convictions, and possibly he will express himself more often in the form of query and sug- gestion. The neutral tints of doubt may tend now and then to displace the glaring primary colors of certitude. Something of Charles Lamb's twilight of dubiety' will perchance soften his mental horizon-line, as he sits, pen in hand, enter- taining us with his views de omnibus rebus et quibusdam aliis. Some of his best chapters have to do with “The Business of Writing' and 'Liter- ary Compulsion.' «The Literary Temperament' is treated in a way that makes the reader, if he be also a writer, squirm in his chair. “The Temp- tation of Authors' contains a warning to success- ful and prolific writers. "The danger in spread- ing one's self thin is that the time surely comes when it is done unconsciously. A man thinks it is his thought flowing on like that, when it is only his ink.' The fitness of Mr. Colby's title, 'Imagi- nary Obligations,' is somewhat imaginary, in spite of his explanation in the preface. But a book must have a title, and for a collection of loosely related essays one will serve about as well as another. Among the subjects rescued The nature of Personality. from vague speculations and transferred to the field of descriptive inquiry, none is more inviting, and also more bafiling, than the nature of personality. The change of front which modern psychology presents in contrast with older points of view has been active in this field, and has made it evi- dent that personality, like other complexes of psychological processes, is itself the result of growth and accordingly may be subject to var- ious lapses and degeneration. A recent work by Dr. Boris Sidis and Dr. Simon P. Goodhart, entitled Multiple Personality, an Experimental Investigation into the Nature of Human Individ- uality' (Appleton), represents both the kinds of inquiry and the nature of the results typical of the modern point of view. The most original as well as most interesting portion of the volume is given over to a painstaking account of a remarkable loss of personality, in many respects the most complete on record. It is the most com- plete, not only because so large a portion of the normal mental processes were lost, reducing the subject to a condition of a curiously modified 1905.) 21 THE DIAL Town and > infancy, but also because the new personality has A Frenchwoman's Madame Adam is best known been so interestingly developed by education, and narrative of her for her journal of the Paris ultimately united with the old. On the basis of literary life. siege, her 'Nouvelle Revue' this and similar cases, certain of which justify which she founded and for many years edited, the title of 'Multiple Personality,' these investi- and her salon which, with her Review, exerted a gators indicate the contribution of these abnormal recognized political influence. Her account of forms toward the right understanding of the her earlier life has already been noticed in these nature of personality. While this understanding columns. With short intermission, now follows is by no means complete or easily summarized, its sequel in 'My Literary Life' (Appleton), ' the trend of the results is such as to lay emphasis which brings the record down to the later sixties upon the normal participation of the sub-con- -or at least this is to be inferred; for hardly a scious activities in the formation of that memory- date appears in the whole book, whose chief continuum by which the material for the sense defect (or excellence) is its hap-hazard garrulity, of personality is supplied. Equally do such inves- extending to the length of 542 pages. Such an tigations discountenance the supernatural and outpouring necessarily contains, for the foreign transcendent theories which have done so much reader at any rate, much that is lacking in inter- to confuse the conceptions involved. In brief, the est. The reproduction of long conversations study of the abnormal distinctly reinforces the between persons of far less than world-wide fame naturalistic conceptions of personality that result on themes of not exactly universal concern is a from a psychological study of the growth of this prominent feature of the book. Is it from short- precious sense. hand notes, or from memory aided by imagina- tion, that these pages of talk are taken? What Sweden is the healthiest coun- appears to be an absurd mistranslation enlivens country life try in Europe; it boasts a one of them. A certain Dr. Maure, an epicure, in Sweden. death-rate of only sixteen and relates of Cousin, with great contempt, 'Would a half per thousand, and a correspondingly high you believe me, that one day arriving in the mid- average term of life. In their evolution from the dle of luncheon I heard him asking his governess Suiones, these people have been but little affected for some veal, and it was pheasant!!' That by extraneous influences; they have received no gouvernante may mean housekeeper as well as impress from Roman culture, Roman law, or the governess seems not to have impressed itself on feudal system that ruled mediæval society. the anonymous translator. Reminiscences of Christianity came to them through the Normans George Sand, About, Berlioz, Wagner, Liszt, of France; the Roman church exercised a nom- Flaubert, Mérimée, Ste. Beuve, and other celebri- inal sway in the country for two centuries, but it ties, give the book its value, apart from our was never very effective. In that period, how- interest in the very communicative lady who ever, the country produced a great personage in writes it. The narrative closes, as shall this Saint Brigitta (Bridget), who was influential in notice, with Mme. d'Agoult's recipe for founding bringing about the return of the Popes from a salon. “You need,' she writes to the author, Avignon to Rome in the fourteenth century. A twenty men friends and five women to found a far greater national hero was Gustavus Adolphus, salon. You have them. Mine will remain the big whose defense of Protestant principles brought winter salon, yours will be the little summer Sweden prominently into the field of European salon, and thus our intimate set will never be politics in the sixteenth century, a prominence quite dispersed.' which ended with the loss of Finland, after that of Pomerania and the Baltic Provinces, early in A study of the American des- the nineteenth century. The country has shared of mirages. erts that has quite as much its king (since 1814) with Norway, though each atmosphere as Mrs. Austin's country has its own constitution. In Sweden the ‘Land of Little Rain,' and that seems to get even cost of education is defrayed by the state or closer to the strange heart of the matter, is the parish, is absolutely free to the recipient, is little volume of sketches entitled 'In Miners' thorough, and is so prolonged that men usually Mirage-Land,' by Mrs. Idah Meacham Strobridge. postpone their marriage until they are thirty The book is published by the author from her years of age. It is the original home of what is own bindery in Los Angeles, in an autograph known in this country as sloyd,'-a system of edition limited to one thousand copies. The cover- industrial education which makes deft fingers design and chapter-headings are the work of Mr. and develops mechanical practice and general J. Duncan Gleason, and a reproduction of Mr. handiness.' These characteristics and many Frank P. Sauerwen's painting called “Mirage in more that might be mentioned, give interest to the Desert' makes an appropriate frontispiece. Mr. 0. G. Von Heidenstam's volume on 'Swedish “Mirage of Water or Mirage of a Mine! It mat- Life in Town and Country,' in the series describ- ters not which it may be, the end is the same for ing 'Our European Neighbors' (Putnam). The him who follows after the Siren who is always chapters on the literature, arts, and economics of in league with Death.' This quotation will serve the country are highly entertaining; but of sur- to show how Mrs. Strobridge interprets her title. passing interest are the few paragraphs which Some of the tales are of literal mirages,- shin- inform us of Sweden's successful solution of the ing lake, an exquisitely-colored palace, a red- drink problem with which other countries have shirted man driving his wagon down a dusty grappled in vain. road; other sketches have to do with the no less 6 The land > - а 22 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL DIAL > on fabulous and fateful mirages of the mind, the dreams of treasure hidden in the desert which ever evades the prospector while luring him on to give his life in the search. The stories have a strength and directness of style that make them very real, and the little introductory studies pre- facing the tales help to suggest the charm and mystery of the strange regions dealt with. The artistic "Women in the Fine Arts' achievements (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.), by of women. Mrs. Clara Erskine Clement, is a compendium of miscellaneous information about all the women artists that the author could dis- cover between the seventh century B. C. and the twentieth A. D. Among the thousand names included, the late nineteenth century is most fully represented. As the greater part of the material about contemporary painters was furnished by themselves, we may assume that it is correct; and as Mrs. Clement's aim was to include all the names and all the facts she could get, we cannot criticise her selection or proportion. Being alpha- betically arranged, the book is a convenient man- ual from which to extract information about artists who have not yet got into the encyclopæ- dias. A number of full-page illustrations add interest to the text, and a fifty-page introduction gives a general idea of what women have accom- plished in art. Vagaries in Anyone who desires an addi- language and tional illustration of the readi- thought. ness with which the inexpert abuse the methods and materials belonging to recognized fields of science may find it in Mr. Emil Sutro's 'Duality of Thought and Language' (New York: Physio-Psychic Society). Society). The author professes to have made the remark- able discovery that there are two voices in man, the one of the larynx and the other of the æsoph- agus; and that these two possess unique rela- tions to the soul' element of speech. Tortuous and commonplace repetitions and variations of this theme make up the volume; which, indeed, has no claim to consideration except as an exam- ple of the confusion which may be the fruit of interest and enthusiasm unfortified by apprecia- tion of what scientific investigation is or what it has accomplished. 3 Professor Barrett Wendell’s ‘Literary History of America' has been condensed by its author, with the help of Mr. Chester Noyes Greenough, into 'A History of Literature in America,' for the use of schools. Superfluous and questionable matters are omitted from this version, which otherwise pre- serves the outline, and much of the text, of the original production. The book is published by Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons. Volume II. of the Publications of the Yerkes Observatory of the University of Chicago' is a handsome quarto with many plates. It includes a paper on double stars by Professor Burnham, one- Eros by Professor Barnard, two papers on stellar spectra, and three others. There are some highly satisfactory photographs made with the great 40-inch refractor of the Observatory. This volume is also issued as No. VII. in the series of the Decennial Publications of the University. Messrs. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. publish a hand- some library edition of Thackeray in thirty vol- umes. The editorial matter is supplied by Pro- fessors W. P. Trent and J. B. Henneman, and includes a special introduction to each of the works, besides a biographical essay prefatory to the entire edition. There are numerous illustra- tions, and altogether the edition is highly satisfac- tory, both for completeness and inexpensiveness. * Ethics for the Young,' third and fourth series, are sent us by the W. M. Welch Co., Chicago. These books are written by Mr. Walter L. Sheldon, lec- turer of the St. Louis Ethical Society, and have for their respective subjects ‘Duties in the Home and the Family' and 'Citizenship and the Duties of a Citizen.' These are teaching books of a help- ful kind, written in dialogue, and provided with outlines, exercises, and illustrative quotations. Avril' is the appropriate title of a group of essays, by Mr. Hilaire Belloc, upon the poetry of the French Renaissance. The subjects of the essays. are these six: Charles of Orleans, Villon, Marot, Ronsard, Du Bellay, and Malherbe. Each is given an introductory critical discussion, and each is then. illustrated by a number of poems, printed in French and commented upon in English. This beautifully printed, written, and illustrated book is published by Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co., and is a treasure in every sense. "The Teaching of Biology in the Secondary School,' by Professors Francis E. Lloyd and Maurice - A. Bigelow, is a new volume in the 'American Teachers' Series,' published by Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co. It is a work fully up to the high standard set by its predecessors in this series, and no teacher of the subject in an American high school can afford to be without it. We commend particularly the sensible pages devoted to the sub- ject of 'temperance' instruction in connection with the study of physiology. “The Poems of William Morris,' selected and edited by Mr. Percy Robert Colwell, is a hand- some volume published by Messrs. T. Y. Crowell & Co. The selection is a generous one, although in the nature of the case a single volume can give - hardly more than a taste of 'Jason,' 'Sigurd,' and "The Earthly Paradise. There is an introductory essay, a limited bibliography, and a few notes. The same publishers have issued, in style uniform with the above book, an anthology of The Greek Poets,' edited by Mr. Nathan Haskell Dole. The range of the selection is from Homer to Meleager, and the translations represent a greater number of hands than the authors themselves. They are taken from writers old-fashioned and modern, and . the editor contributes a number of his own. 6 BRIEFER MENTION. 'Lectures and Biographical Sketches,' 'Miscel- lanies,' and 'Natural History of Intellect and Other Papers,' are the titles of three volumes added to the 'Centenary' edition of Emerson, published by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. These three vol- umes complete the twelve of which the set con- sists, and the last of them is provided with an elaborate general index to the entire edition. No less than five papers in this closing volume are now printed for the first time. The editing of these volumes, done by the pious hands of Mr. Edward Waldo Emerson, offers a shining example of what such editorial work should be, and makes the present form of the writings far more desirable than any of the earlier ones. 1905.] 23 THE DIAL NOTES. 9 an one scenes A new novel by Charles Egbert Craddock will be published this month by the Macmillan Co. The title has not yet been announced. Henry Ward Beecher as His Friends Saw Him,' a small book of personal tributes by various hands, is a recent publication of the Pilgrim Press. The next volume of the Cambridge Modern His- tory,' announced for publication this month by the Macmillan Co., will be devoted to "The Wars of Religion.' A new edition of Mr. Hamilton Wright Mabie's * Backgrounds of Literature,' with an added chapter on ‘Hawthorne in the New World,' is published by the Macmillan Co. *Correct Writing and Speaking,' by Miss Mary A. Jordan, is admirable addition to the Woman's Home Library,' published by Messrs. A. S. Barnes & Co. ‘A Handbook of Plant-Form for Students of Design,' with hundred plates, drawn and described by Mr. Ernest E. Clark, is a recent pub- lication of Mr. John Lane. 'Selected Poems by John Davidson,' published by Mr. John Lane, gives us in a single small vol. ume the best of the author's ballads, ‘Fleet Street Eclogues,' and miscellaneous pieces. "A Guide to Parsifal,' by Mr. Richard Aldrich, is published by the Oliver Ditson Co. It is illus- trated, both with photographs of stage and with examples of motives in musical notation. Trollope's "The Bertrams,' edited by Mr. Algar Thorold, is published as a volume of Mr. John Lane's New Pocket Library. It fills over eight hundred pages, yet it is by no means a big book. The Macmillan Co. publish “Type Studies from the Geography of the United States,' by Dr. Charles A. McMurry. It is the first part of an elementary physical geography of this country, prepared for school use. 'School Civics,' by Mr. Frank David Boynton, is ‘an outline study of the origin and development of government and the development of political institutions in the United States.' It is published by Messrs. Ginn & Co. Still another book about 'Jiu-Jitsu.' This time the work is by Captain Harry H. Skinner, and the illustrations from poses by Mr. B. H. Kuwashima. The Japan Publishing Co., New York, are responsible for this work. ‘Light on the Hills,' edited by Dr. Charles Car- roll Albertson, is a devotional anthology published by the J. B. Lippincott Co. The selection of poems is not altogether discriminating, but the book con- tains much that is of enduring spiritual value. 'The Government of Ohio: Its History and Administration,' by Professor Wilbur H. Siebert, is published by the Macmillan Co. in their 'Hand- books of American Government,' a series in which several other states have previously been included. • A School History of the United States,' by Professor William H. Mace, is published by Messrs. Rand, McNally & Co. It is an elementary text- book, handsomely illustrated, and provided with helpful teaching and reference apparatus in great variety. “The Nibelungenlied,' translated into rhymed English verse in the metre of the original, comes to us from Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. The transla- tion is by Professor George Henry Needler, and is accompanied by a lengthy essay upon the poem and its sources. Parsifal and Galahad,' by Miss Helen Isabel Whitow, is a pamphlet recently published by Mr. Thomas Whittaker. It is an essay upon the sources of the Parsifal legend as well as an analysis of the use which Wagner made of it in his music- drama. *Classical Echoes in Tennyson,' by Prof. Wilfred P. Mustard, is a new volume of the Columbia University Studies in English.' The work has been done before, but not, we believe, as thoroughly and minutely by any one person. The Macmillan Co. publish this volume. Miss Ella Isabel Harris has translated the trag- edies of Seneca into English verse, and thereby placed students of modern literature who know not Latin under a considerable obligation. The volume is published by Mr. Henry Frowde at the Oxford University Press. Mr. Andrew J. George has edited “The Complete Poetical Works of William Wordsworth' for the *Cambridge Editions of Messrs. Houghton, Miffin & Co. The volume, with its introduction, notes, an bibliography, fills nearly a thousand two-columned pages, and has a fine frontispiece portrait. Dr. William Anthony Granville's Elements of the Differential and Integral Calculus,' published by Messrs. Ginn & Co., is described as 'essentially a drill book.' It constitutes the first volume in a new series of mathematical text-books under the general editorship of Professor Percy F. Smith. Mr. H. W. Mabie's William Shakespeare, Poet, Dramatist, and Man' is reissued by the Macmillan Co. in a new edition, with a new preface, and at a low price. The illustrations of the earlier edi- tion are missing, which is, of course, the reason why the work is now offered in so inexpensive a form. Herr Felix Weingartner's essay on 'The Sym- phony since Beethoven,' translated with the author's permission by Miss Maude Barrows Dut- ton, is published as a booklet by the Oliver Ditson Co. It is one of the most valuable pieces of musi- cal criticism produced of recent years, and deserves a very wide circulation. Professor Jebb's masterly prose translation of “The Tragedies of Sophocles' may now be had in a single volume unencumbered by Greek text or commentary, and thus brought within the reach of modest purses. This translation, so much more desirable than any other, is published by the Macmillan Co. for the Cambridge University Press. Murray's Small Classical Atlas,' edited by Mr. G. B. Grundy, and published by Mr. Henry Frowde at the Oxford University Press, is accurately de- scribed in the preface as a "good and at the same time inexpensive' work. Colored contours and legible type make the maps exceptionally clear. They are fourteen in number, preceded by an elab- orate index. The German text of 'Parsifal,' facing an English translation made to fit the score by Mr. George Turner Phelps, is published in a small volume by Mr. Richard G. Badger. It well illustrates the utter hopelessness of attempting to sing the work with English words and at the same time preserve more than a small fraction of its poetical impres- siveness. Mr. Turner has struggled manfully with an impossible task. The editorial supervision of Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.'s series of limited Riverside Press Editions has been placed in the hands of Mr. Ferris Greenslet, associate editor of «The Atlantic Monthly.' Mr. Greenslet will give his special attention to extending the series along harmonious lines, establishing an authoritative text for print- are 6 24 [Jan. 1 THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 114 titles, includes books received by The Dial since its last issue.] ing, and furnishing such sparing editorial apparatus as may be necessary. The typographical and artis- tic features of this series will continue in the care of Mr. Bruce Rogers. Baron Speck von Sternburg, the German Ambas- sador, made an address last June at the University of the South. This address, entitled 'American and German University Ideals,' has been beauti- fully printed at the new University Press of Sewanee, Tennessee, and speaks well for the mechanical equipment of that department of the University. A new and complete edition of Mark Twain's writings, in twenty-three volumes, is being pub- lished by Messrs. Harper & Brothers. This Hill- crest' edition, as it is called, includes a biograph- ical and critical study by Prof. Brander Matthews, and a new preface written especially for this pur- pose by Mark Twain. The illustrations consist of a series of portraits of the author, together with numerous drawings by the best American illustra- tors. BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS. MEMORIALS OF EDWARD BURNE-JONES. By G. B.-J. In 2 vols., illus. in photogravure, large 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. Macmillan Co. $6. net. LIFE AND LETTERS OF HENRY PARRY LIDDON, D.D., D.C.L., LL.D. By John Octavius Johnston, M.A.; with a con- cluding chapter by the Lord Bishop of Oxford. With photogravure portraits, large 8vo, uncut, pp. 424. Longmans, Green & Co. $5. FORTY-FIVE YEARS UNDER THE FLAG. By Winfield Scott Schley. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 439. D. Appleton & Co. $3. net. TH. NAST: His Feriod and his Pictures. By Albert Bige- low Paine. Illus. in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 600. Macmillan Co. $5. net. JOHN BUNYAN. By W. Hale White. Illus., 12mo, uncut, 'Literary Lives." Charles Scribner's Sons. $1. net. LIFE OF FATHER TAYLOR: The Sailor Preacher. Illus., 8vo, Boston: Old Corner Bookstore. $1.50. MRS. MAYBRICK'S OWN STORY : My Fifteen Lost Years. By Florence Elizabeth Maybrick. Illus., 12mo, pp. 394. Funk & Wagnalls Co. $1.20 net. DR. BARNARDO, The Foster-Father of "Nobody's Children.' By Rev. John Herridge Batt. Illus., 12mo, pp. 196. London: S. W. Partridge & Co. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE: Poet, Dramatist, and Man. By Hamilton Wright Mabie. New edition, with a new preface. 12mo, pp. 345. Macmillan Co. $1. net. JOHN GILLEY: Maine Farmer and Fisherman. By Charles W. Eliot. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 72. American Unitarian Association. 60 cts. net. Pp. 222. PP. 472. TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. January, 1905. . Alexander, John W. Charles H. Caffin, World's Work. Amsterdam Impressions. Edward Penfield. Scribner. Anglo-American Treaty, A Permanent. Atlantic. Audiences, American. Thomas W. 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Pumber 307 Fifth Ave., New York Tel., 3 Madison Square Cable Address, Jocafelin" 10 1905 ] 27 THE DIAL several families of Hopi weavers and potters, plying NEW GRAND CANYON HOTEL, EL TOVAR. their strange handicrafts. A museum of rare Indian Nearly everything worth while in the Southwest curios will be installed and photos sold. dates back to Francisco Vasquez Coronado, the Spanish Mr. Harvey has selected Mr. Chas. A. Brant as local governor of Galacia, who left Mexico in the year 1540, manager, a gentleman favorably known in hotel and accompanied by several hundred warriors, in search of club circles. the mythical seven cities of Cibola. The opening of El Tovar on January 10, 1905, will Coronado and his men found no gold, but they add another strong reason to the many already existing discovered New Mexico, Arizona, and other sections of why the Grand Canyon of Arizona should be visited the Rockies. Their most spectacular “find” was the on the way to California over the Santa Fe. The Grand Canyon of Arizona. canyon itself needs no endorsement. It is the greatest Chief among Coronado's lieutenants was a brave scenic wonder of the world. conquistador named Pedro del Tovar, captain of the detachment that explored and conquered the province STORY-WRITERS, Biographers, Historians, Poets – Do of Tusayan, now known as Mokiland. While among you desire the honest criticism of your the Mokis, Tovar heard of the Grand Canyon, which book, or its skilled revision and correction, or advice as to publication ? Such work, said George William Curtis, is “done as it should be by The borders old Tusayan on the west. He reported the tale Easy Chair's friend and fellow laborer in letters, Dr. Titus M. Coan." to Coronado, and Cardenas was sent out to verify it. Terms by agreement. Send for circular D, or forward your book or MS. Though not the first white man to see this titan of to the New York Bureau of Revision, 70 Fifth Ave., New York. cbasms, Tover was largely instrumental in its discov- ery, so when the Santa Fe needed an appropriate name Instruction by mail in literary composition. for the new hotel at Bright Angel, “ El Tovar" was Do You Courses suited to all needs. Revision, criticism, and sale of MSS. selected. It is true that Don Pedro, etc., waited nearly Send for circular. four centuries for immortality, but better men have Write? EDITORIAL BUREAU, waited a thousand years -- and still remain unknown to 55 West 47th Street. NEW YORK. fame. It is a far cry from 1540 to 1905. Early in Jan- uary will be opened the most unique, the most com- HANDY VOLUME CLASSICS fortable, the most costly hotel in the Southwest, under Used by schools and colleges everywhere. 155 volumes, management of Mr. Fred Harvey, whose reputation as pocket size. 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El Tovar is a long, low, rambling edifice, built of native boulders and pine logs. Expressed with exact- THE ASTOR EDITION OF POETS ness, the width north and south is 325 feet and from Is the best for schools and colleges. 93 volumes. east to west 200 feet. List price, 60 cts. per vol. (Price to schools, 40 cts.) El Tovar is to cost more than a quarter of a million dollars. No money has been spared to get the most SEND FOR LIST. up-to-date equipment possible. Take the item of fur- niture: it is all from special arts and crafts designs, THOMAS Y. CROWELL & CO., New York combining use and beauty. Among the minor comforts may be mentioned a telephone in each room with direct office connection. There is not a room in the house where the sun fails to enter at some period of the day. The protection against fire is very complete, the Is the outgrowth of the Wales Improved reserve supply of water in the steel tank being 125,000 Binding patented June 7, 1898, and is gallons. 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A concise and true account of the closing days of the great Civil War, together with a record of the surrender of General Lee and the grand review in Washington. BOOKSELLERS ? : WASHINGTON, D. C. The careful attention of book buyers throughout the United States and Canada is called to our fine collection of rare and choice books, including those printed by the Kelmscott, Essex House, Vale, Mosher, Elzevir, Aldine, Roycroft, Astolat, and other well- known presses, whose name is a guarantee of excellence in work- manship. We call special attention to a set of William Morris's Works, (supplemental to the Kelmscott issues) in 8 vols., printed by the trustees of his estate, and completing his works; a rare edition of the fainous Golden Legend, by Archbishop Voraigne, printed in Black Letter at Nuremburg in 1472; the Vale Press Shakespeare, 38 vols.; large paper editions of Charles Lamb; John Fiske's Histories; and Noctes Ambrosiana. 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MCCLURG & CO., PUBLISHERS, CHICAGO. 1905.] 31 THE DIAL “The Philippine Early Western Travels • Islands: 1748-1846 1493-1898" A SERIES OF ANNOTATED REPRINTS of some of TRANSLATED AND EDITED BY BLAIR and ROBERTSON With Introduction and additional Notes by the best and rarest contemporary volumes of travel, descriptive of the Aborigines and Social and Economic Con- ditions in the Middle and Far West, during the Period of Early American Settlement. Edited, with Historical, Geographical, Ethnological, and Bibliographical Notes, and Introductions and Index, by REUBEN GOLD THWAITES, LL.D. With facsimiles of the original title-pages, maps, portraits, views, etc. Each volume, large 8vo, cloth, uncut, gilt top. Price $4.00 net per volume (except the Atlas, which is $15.00 net). The edition is limited to 750 complete sets, each numbered and signed; but in addition thereto, a limited number of the volumes will be sold separately. With an Elaborate Analytical Index to the Whole. E. G. 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LIBRARY DEPARTMENT A. C. MCCLURG & CO. CHICAGO 32 [Jan. 16, 1905. THE DIAL Robert Herrick's new novel THE COMMON LOT Sixth Edition “Mr. Herrick has written a novel of searching insight and absorbing interest; a first-rate story .. sincere to the very core in its matter and in its art.' - Hamilton W. Mabie. “It is by long odds the greatest novel of the autumn." - The New York American. It is the most significant novel of the year in this country.” The Independent. “The best novel that has come out in this country for many a year.” St. Paul Globe. - THE COMMON LOT Cloth “is easily the strongest book he has yet written." - The Bookman. “The book is a bit of the living America of to-day, a true picture of one of its most significant phases living, throbbing with reality.” - New York Evening Mail. “It grips the reader tremendously. It is the drama of a human soul the reader watches the finest study of human motive that has appeared for many a day.” The World To-day. $1.50 . a . THE COMMON LOT By Robert Herrick Sixth Edition Cloth, $1.50 is published by THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 66 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. THEODORE THOJAS. THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Merico; in other countries comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by erpress or postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO Clubs and for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All communications should be addressed to THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER. No. 446. JANUARY 16, 1905. Vol. XXXVIII. CONTENTS. PAGE THEODORE THOMAS 33 35 . COMMUNICATION . The Fate of English Literature in Secondary Schools. Robert N. Whiteford. RETROSPECT. A VETERAN PUBLISHER'S Percy F. Bicknell 37 THE IDEALS OF THE EAST. Gookin Frederick W. 39 A NAPOLEONIC · AFTERMATH. E. D. Adams 41 A WOMAN'S REMINISCENCES OF WAR AND PEACE. Walter L. Fleming 43 The great musician whose beneficent life was ended on the fourth of this month was a Ger- man by birth, but became one of the foremost of Americans, and as such our bereaved nation does honor to his memory, and pays its heart- felt tribute of gratitude for his half-century of activity in furthering the highest interests of American culture. The part taken by music in the impressive services of his burial, two days later, had a closer fitness than that of merely emphasizing the particular nature of his life: work; it acquired a peculiar special significance from the relation of the selections performed to the ideals to which Theodore Thomas had given unswerving allegiance through all his years, and to the essential memory of the art which it has been his mission to interpret for the sweetening of human existence and the ennobling of human character. It has some- times been ingeniously argued that music is a form of entertainment, a titillation of the sense without any bearing upon the conduct or the purpose of life. If ever a claim seemed hollow, it was during the hours consecrated to this man's memory, when music was invoked to express the thoughts and feelings, far beyond the power of words to reach, of the mourning multitude. At the church services, the mighty spirits of Bach and Beethoven took possession of the sacred edifice. An organ prelude, followed by the rugged measures of Luther's hymn, gave to the hour its religious key. Then the wind choir of the orchestra intoned the divine choral melody of the Ninth Symphony with its mes- sage of human brotherhood, so deeply felt by all those present, as they recalled the inspira- tion that it had been to them in time past, and associated that inspiration with their sense of gratitude toward the dead leader. Finally, the note of personal grief came from the organ with those strains from the close of the Passion according to St. Matthew which are the supreme expression at once of tenderness, pathos, and sublimity. A few hours later, when the remains had been laid to rest, a great company gathered in the Orchestra Hall, and listened silently, with bowed heads, to the following programme of memorial music: Chorale Bach Symphony No. 3, Eroica Beethoven Allegro con brio Marcia funebre Siegfried's Death March, 'Die Götterdäm- merung' Wagner Tone Poem, 'Tod und Verklärung' Strauss IN THE REALM OF THE BIBLE. Ira M. Price 45 Davidson's The Theology of the Old Testament. Hastings's A Dictionary of the Bible, Extra Volume. — Genung's The Words of Koheleth. 46 RECENT DRAMAS IN VERSE. William Morton Payne Garnett's William Shakespeare. -- Phillips's The Sin of David. — Lodge's Cain. --- Aldrich's Judith of Bethulia. — Anspacher's Tristan and Isolde. Moore's The Red Branch Crests. 49 - BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS The modern Italian poets. — The latest life of Shakespeare. — A veteran journalist's reminiscen- ces. - Landmarks of the Scottish universities. — For the art student and bibliophile. — With Stod- dard on a South Sea shore.' -- A series for music- lovers. — Two great cartoonists of France. – A handbook of Mental Statistics.- Observations of an amateur immigrant.—The preservation of contem- porary political records. --- A beginner's manual of pottery. BRIEFER MENTION 52 NOTES 53 ? LIST OF NEW BOOKS 54 34 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL Here again, in exquisite and harmonious was made the victim of a vicious and virulent sequence, were stirred the emotions fitting the attack, accompanied by every imaginable form occasion. First came the note of religious resig- of mean and malicious insinuation, solely nation, then the note of chastened joy that is because he refused to lower his standards for the never far removed from tears, followed by that sake of a cheap popularity, or to prostitute his of mourning, unrelieved and black. Then came art to commercial considerations. And even the same solemn note of mourning, but this after the fury of that outburst was past, and time relieved by tender and heroic memories, those responsible for it had been revealed in and then, last of all, came the note of hopeful- all their contemptible insignificance, there were ness, of Verklärung, of buoyant life reasserting still raised against him from time to time the its claim, of heart renewed for the future. It voices of those who should have been better was a perfect hour, perfectly embodied in the advised, urging that he make concessions to the divine symbolism of the deepest of the arts. ignorant humor of the public, and give them the It is not easy to adjust our minds to the fact music for which they clamored instead of the that Theodore Thomas is dead. Those who, music which he knew that they ought to hear. like the present writer, have heard something To all these appeals Mr. Thomas turned a like five hundred concerts given under his lead- deaf ear, and continued in his imperturbable .. ership during the past thirty years, who owe to course. And if we accord him all honor for him practically their whole acquaintance with this attitude, we must permit the honor to be orchestral music, must be simply dazed by their shared with the men upon whose invitation he loss. To such, he has stood for all these years had come to Chicago in 1891, and who gave as the beginning and the end of music, almost him unfailing support to the end. It was a as their sole means of access to its fountain of loyal body of public-spirited citizens — fifty at inspiration. The contrast between those who first, the number afterwards dwindling to much have had the inestimable opportunity of long less than that — who made with him in the — continued contact with his work and those who beginning the solemn compact that only artistic have not is like the contrast between persons considerations should prevail in the manage- who have all their lives had the use of a com- ment of the enterprise, that the question of box- prehensive collection of English poetry and the office receipts should never be allowed to modify persons who have had within reach only some a standard' of excellence which art alone should Library of Poetry and Song' or 'Golden dictate. How well that promise was kept, and Treasury' of excerpts. It is only by thus trans- at how great a personal sacrifice on the part of ferring the case to its literary parallel that it is those who kept it, is a matter of history. possible to realize what such a loss means, or to Some further historical recapitulation imagine how much poorer life would have been becomes appropriate at this point. After meet- without his labors for its enrichment. There ing large annual deficits, amounting in the are in this country — there are in Chicago aggregate to about half a million dollars, for alone — many thousands of men and women twelve years, the men who had been keeping the who have enjoved a liberal education in music orchestra in existence felt that the time had through his agency, and who could not without come to call upon the larger public to share the that agency have had anything but a casual and burden. Accordingly, in 1903, they declared fragmentary acquaintance with the art which their belief that an endowment fund of three- for the past two centuries -- from Bach to quarters of a million must be raised, and a per- Brahms -- has contributed at least as largely manent home provided for the orchestra. Thus, as any other art to the upbuilding of the spiri- and thus only, would its lasting continuance tual life. be insured. They announced that they were Mr. Thomas was in his seventieth year when prepared for one more year to meet the losses he died, and sixty of his years were spent in the of the orchestra, which must then come to an country of his adoption. It is easily within end unless the public was willing to give prac- bounds to say that no other musician during tical expression of a wish for its preservation. those years has done so much as he for the A popular subscription was then inaugurated, development of musical taste in the United which in the course of the year following pro- States. And the secret of his achievement if | duced from upwards of eight thousand sub- we may call it a secret is found in his stead- scribers nearly the required sum. In May of fast devotion to the highest ideals of his art. the present year, ground was broken for the new His rugged and uncompromising temper, in all building, during the summer and fall the work questions directly concerning his art. often of construction went on, and its doors were made him enemies, but of a kind for which his opened on December 14 for the dedicatory con- followers loved him all the more. It is barely cert under the leadership of Mr. Thomas. Two ten years since, in the city which he had honored concerts in the regular series followed, and by choosing for his permanent home, that he then, on Christmas eve, the veteran conductor 2 2 1905.] 35 THE DIAL laid down his baton forever. He had lived to replied, 'My business is to sell all the English see realized his fondest dream; he died knowing texts required by the colleges, but the reason why that his work would live after him, not merely I know so little about what you ask is that I in memory, but in actual prosecution upon the entered college by means of them, and to this day foundation for which he so long had labored. I have never had any taste for English, for This knowledge must have been an unspeak and plagiarized critical comment, mechanical outlines, Jack pudding farce essays, able consolation to him in his dying hour, and Another friend of mine, a teacher, had to fight it offers a kind of consolation to those of us for three years over the feasibility of publishing who are left to mourn his loss. Had his life connected poetic masterpieces with a background been lessened by even a single year, it is not of the various historical periods in the develop- likely that the subscription would have been ment of English literature. A principal of one of carried on or the building erected. In that case, the finest high schools in the country, after the body of musicians to whom he had been examining his book in manuscript, said to him, giving such masterly training for the twelve 'You are ten years ahead of your time. You will years past would in all probability have been never get that book published with the entire educational system against you; the committee dispersed, and one of the two or three chief down East will not brook it for a minute. No agencies of musical education in this country publisher will touch it. I thoroughly believe in would have come to an end. As matters now your book and wish I could use it in my school.' stand, we have the building, the grand concert in order to ascertain the need for such a book organ included, we have the orchestra, and it is with the general school public, the author sent generally understood that by the terms of the out over a hundred circular letters to the teach- conductor's will, his collection of scores, valued ers of English in large and small high schools. at more than a quarter of a million, will also He received fifty answers, forty of which were become the property of the Orchestral Associa- in favor of anthology work; but of these forty tion as trustee for the public. In these facts kind, simply because, as they said, “The course teachers very few were doing anything of the there is much cause for thankfulness, whatever as mapped out at present does not permit.' To the sense of personal loss, while mingled with his astonishment, ten of these forty teachers this thankfulness is our grateful recollection of refused to sign their names to the letters; they the leader through whose ministrations we so were afraid to go on record as heretics or apos- often have heard, in the beautiful words of Mr. tates. Many wrote long letters to show how Charles Russell, exceedingly dissatisfied they were with a lack of system in teaching the requirement texts, stating “As from a Sinai speak the souls of seers Such mighty messages that whoso hears, that these were unconnected and would be gladly With burning eyes aloft and bosom heaving, eschewed if the powers that be' would take their For that pure joy unmixed with mortal grieving, fingers off the schools. Feels close about his heart the touch of tears.' These letters from all parts of the country showed that the pulse of American secondary school education is not in the wrist of college authority; and by them my friend convinced men COMMUNICATION. of the vital method of such a book, and that a reaction had set in against texts, which manacle THE FATE OF ENGLISH LITERATURE IN the minds of both teacher and pupil to a detailed SECONDARY SCHOOLS. mastery of a few isolated masterpieces and their (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) historical periods in the development of English For eleven years I have had to confront the literature. ghosts of the entrance requirement texts that are Last year I visited a fine high school, and while still perched on the threshold of enterprise and in the preparatory English recitation heard the success in the right teaching of English litera- teacher say, 'Remember, girls and boys, that the ture. They are as much substance as ghost, learning of English is nowadays as difficult as secretly terrifying teachers whose mouths are your Greek and Latin, and now have I not always gagged by a discretion that enables them to keep placed emphasis on the time element? English their positions. Superintendents and principals demands exactly as much as you spend on your ignorantly or helplessly crook the hinges of their Latin. Latin.' I made careful inquiry concerning this knees exactly as they did ten years ago to the teacher, and found out that she required so many demands of that examination which must be themes that those which did not fill her waste passed at the gates of the universities. High paper basket were pardoned the padding from school walls, on which are the glowing, dragon- encyclopædias because she felt sure that Greek like shapes of mechanical drudgery devices and or Latin time had been spent in their prepara- pedantic details required by the teaching of the tion. On the black-board I noticed a list of over-edited texts, move toward enervated teach- questions on 'The Vicar of Wakefield' as formid- ers and pupils. Will friendly arms be reached able as "What is this?' "What is this?' found out to save, as was the case when at the last every week in the College English column of 'The moment Poe's unfortunate escaped the Pit? Journal of Education, and outlines reminding A prominent bookman, when questioned by one of the Cretan labyrinth. The text they were me in regard to what he thought of the texts, I reading had no connection with its predecessor. > 36 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL ers. were But was the teacher to be blamed in this respect? the Preparatory Course, and those ranking next Are not all the texts disconnected,- is there any had been urged to it by their parents and teach- unity of development? There was but one end to Its course was considered the finest, and all her work,- the great gate down College lane therefore it received brains and numbers. Is toward which her literary bankrupts there any school where favors do not go to the scrambling. brightest and most assertive? But does English Another phase of the tragedy seemed to me to literature rightly taught go to them? No; and at be that almost all of the third and fourth year the present writing the delicate problem is yet to pupils were in her classes. In the third year be solved. there were forty pupils, all intending to go to In the larger secondary schools, pupils who do college. I thought of the thirty who would never not go away to college receive a much better go, and blushed for their knowledge of English course in English literature than those who do literature. Not so much did I worry as to what go. They receive a systematic course in Ameri- the world would think of their knowledge but as can and English literature with the historical to what they themselves would afterwards suffer, background. The entrance requirement texts of when they would realize how they had been high intrinsic worth are used when they naturally duped into thinking college entrance require- come up in the historical development of litera- ments a fine knowledge of the great, developing ture. No attempt is made to make the great body of English literature. body of English poetry and prose dance about I'inspected the work of the teachers of English disjecta membra of itself, for such indeed is who were giving the General Course, and here I the dance of death for literature in secondary found literature. English poetry and prose were schools. systematically taught. There was little forced If the teachers of English literature could work. It was good to breathe in the air of taste avoid the requirement-text-system, they could and appreciation; and I thought, Now if I were divide the school body during the last two years in a college which set of pupils would I desire and give to all the broad, liberal, historically to come to me? I would wish interest, spon- developing literature which fits not only for col- taneity, and some definite critical and apprecia- lege but also for after life. Then the pupils tive power. would be safe, and the entrance requirement At recess I wandered into the school library, texts would not mar those unfortunate girls and where a Senior girl sat in front of several boys who, after leaving the high school, cannot opened volumes. I asked her what she was doing. go to college. All would be satisfied with this Oh! I am padding an essay on “Macbeth”. equalization of the two courses, the General and • Are you taking material from books,' I asked. the Preparatory, since in the study of English No, not so much that, as I am practising literature the high school would be the people's phrasal and sentence extension. My theme must college and the university's college. fill six pages and I've got to fill out.' 'Dear A summary of the situation in the high schools me!' I said, 'do you enjoy your work in that is as follows: course?' 'No,' she replied, 'but maybe I'll go to (1) The colleges do not hurt the English college some day, and then I've asked the prin- composition and rhetoric work of any course in cipal if I could go into the English literature of the first year. the General Course, but he won't let me; then it (2) The colleges do hamper the work in is the crack course, our preparatory course. English literature of the third and fourth years English is the only study I don't like in it, but I of the Preparatory Course by requiring the want what all the pupils get from the course abominable text-system. favors and recognition from those who run the (3) The colleges cause the requirement texts school.' to be regarded as more meritable than any- When I left that building I felt full of gaiety, thing offered in any other course in English but I also felt horror treading on my heels as the literature. Therefore, the systematic study of question came: Is the High School fated to be American and English literature in the second, a feeder for a college? If so, I could endure it third, and fourth years of the General Course, in all but the giving up of my English literature. in which are the English, German, and Latin- The high school that I visited was doing fine Scientific divisions, is presented to the minority work in everything except the English require- of the school body. ments. The teacher of English knew her subject The college is especially detrimental to English but she taught under the incubus of the texts; literature in secondary schools by reason of its she was simply magnetized by the distant college academy where the study does not exist. When walls. All of her pupils were going to college, high school graduates come up for the entrance and whatever they lost in high school they would examination, they are not passed on literature but gain there. on the amount of theme work and the required I went to another high school and the situation texts. Hence the disappearance of English liter- was not much better. Through the occult power ature in the adjacent high schools. of the colleges the General Course had been rele- Not long ago a principal of a high school said gated to the rear, so that only two courses were to me, 'I hate to see English literature go, but paramount, – the Preparatory and the Commer- the presence of our city college demands it. In cial. Everybody desired to make an effort to its academy there is no literature, and why study for the university. The brightest pupils should I have it? As a defensive policy for from the lower grades had been recommended to increasing our numbers and holding our own with 6 > 1905.] 37 THE DIAL as that academy, I have made our Preparatory Course identical with its Preparatory Course. The New Books. Now since the high school offers the same course as that given by the academy of the college, and since it does not cost anything to send children A VETERAN PUBLISHER'S RETROSPECT.* to the high school, the city parents will patronize a free school, the graduates of which are always How richly stored with pleasant memories of prepared to enter not only our college but any authors a publisher's mind may become after other college in the land. Of course the ques- years of work at his calling, was shown to the tions naturally arise: Should citizens be taxed delight of his many readers by the late James to support an academy? Why should not the T. Fields. But there are publishers and pub- citizens receive remuneration the college lishers, and the charm of Mr. Fields's reminis- receives it from the pupils who are preparing for their college course?' cences was due quite as much to the story-tell- As I have already suggested, the salvation and er as to the eminent persons about whom he solution of the English problem lie in giving the wrote. Other publishers have written reminis- Preparatory pupils the same English literature cently since Mr. Fields's book appeared, but few that is given to the pupils of the General Course, have approached in attractiveness of manner and in asking the colleges to prescribe or pro- and interest of matter the still popular 'Yes- scribe teachers, letting the texts take care of terdays with Authors.' And now the retiring themselves. There can be and should be uni- head of another old and honored publishing formity in these two requirements. house brings forth his store of anecdotes and The University Departments of English are keenly feeling the presence of weaklings who impressions of the famous men and women with have entered their courses by means of the whom a half-century of business dealings thumb screws. The universities are tired of their brought him in contact, and with many of own ad nauseum entrance method and are suffer- whom he stood on terms of cordial friendship. ing the nemesis of forced, unnatural work so These octogenarian reminiscences are from the much that they are now seeking to be motive pen of Mr. Edward Marston, whose name at powers to form a backwater, which 'in gurgite once calls up those of his sometime associates, vasto' will go up the stream to smooth the ruf-Sampson Low and son, Searle, and Rivington; fled waters and right the current. and with the names come back faint or vivid A child may read the signs of reformation, but remembrances of books that bore their imprint, who is mature enough to set the high water mark by supplying 'a general substitution of vital -good old three-volume novels by Wilkie Col- lins, Blackmore, Black, Reade, George Mac- methods, which are difficult, for mechanical methods, which are easy, in the work of our donald, Clark Russell, and others, and many teachers of English literature, high and low?' excellent books of travel by such famous ex- I wish every secondary school teacher of Eng- plorers as Stanley, Mounteney-Jephson, Parke, lish in the country would read the editorial in MacGahan, Schweinfurth, Nares, Markham, THE DIAL of November 16 last, and Mr. Abra- Burnaby, and Butler. The pleasant pages of ham Flexner's article The Preparatory Mr. Marston's book are not especially distin- School' (especially p. 372), in the September guished for elegance of style or charm of man- number of The Atlantic Monthly.' And their cry rises tingling to the stars. English litera- ner, or even for very great attention to order- ture in the schools shall not be termed the texts liness of arrangement and accuracy of detail. prescribed by the colleges. But as they give in rapid succession glimpses The passing of English literature in the schools of live men and women whom one is always has been taking place for the last ten years; but glad to meet, the book is excellent company from America's educational Avalon an Arthur for a winter's evening. Mr. Marston is already is coming, and thrice as fair, to separate the texts known to the reading public, which has from colleges which have never made their teach-received with considerable favor a dozen vol- ers satellites to a few disconnected masterpieces. Man is freest, when freest bound,' when in the umes from his pen, dealing chiefly with fish- university he gives fruit instead of thistles and ing, travel, books and booksellers, and copy- methods; and when such comes from the colleges right. to the secondary schools, we will receive him, A pleasing sketch of his boyhood, passed reverencing him as our conscience, saying, 'Let | mostly on mostly on a Hertfordshire farm, forms the the King reign!' I cannot tell what he will subject of Mr. Marston's opening chapter. Refer- bring, but as the humblest of his forerunners Iring to the books of poetry and drama read think it will be largely .vital methods, which are with the keenest enjoyment' by the active- difficult,' modeled after those which are now minded lad, the mature man doubts whether found in the very few best text-books on English this desultory reading did him much good. We literature for secondary schools published during should say it certainly did him a great deal of 1903-1904 by the book houses. ROBERT N. WHITEFORD. * AFTER WORK. Fragments from the Workshop of an Old Publisher. By E. Marston, F.R.G.S. The Peoria High School, January 6, 1905. York : Imported by Charles Scribner's Sons. on Illustrated. New 38 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL > good, having no small influence in determining statehood for both the Dakotas was still seven- his future sphere of usefulness, and begetting teen years in the future. One more correc- in him a facility in the use of literary allusion tion, and we have done. ‘R. 0. Houghton, and poetical quotation that makes itself agree- on page 77, is doubtless a misprint for H. 0. ably manifest in the present volume. At the Houghton, the late publisher and printer, an age of twenty-one he went to seek his fortune old friend of our author's. in London, where he soon became connected Two chapters are devoted largely to Henry with Sampson Low in the book-publishing busi- M. Stanley, whose books were published by ness. A partnership with the Lows, father and Mr. Marston's firm, and who was a close friend son, followed in 1856, and with several changes of Mr. Marston. After quoting many letters of location from one street to another, and under from Stanley, and relating much that is of inter- a varying firm-name, he continued to pub- est about him, the author gives an account lish books, apparently with increasing success, of the lively competition among publishers for for more than forty years. A memorable inci- 'In Darkest Africa.' dent of his early life in London was the death 'On Stanley's return I went to Egypt to meet and grand public funeral of the Duke of Well- him, at his special request by cablegram, and I ington, the pageantry of woe being witnessed spent a delightful time with him: while there i by him as the parade passed the company's wrote that curious little book, “How Stanley wrote In Darkest Africa.'" It tells the whole story of warehouse at 47 Ludgate Hill, Nov. 18, 1852, my visit, and I shall not attempt to tell the story on its way to St. Paul's, where the remains over again. I carried away from Cairo a large were interred. As the writer names July 14 portion of the manuscript of "In Darkest Africa.” as the date of the Duke's death, he leaves the The competition which I had to encounter, and the correspondence which it involved with pub- poor man's soul to wander for four months in lishers over the whole of Europe and a good deal pitiful quest of some pious hand to bestow the of Africa, Asia, and America, would fill a large rites of sepulture; whereas the actual date of volume. I successfully overcame them all. I demise was September 14. arranged for publication in America, Italy, France, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Norway, Den- Mr. Marston's house has acted as the Eng- mark, Holland, and Hungary. I am not sure that lish publishers for some of our well-known there were not two languages in the latter country. authors, including Holmes, Mrs. Stowe, Louisa The competition for the American issue for this Alcott, and Captain Mahan. It also published work was very great: it narrowed down eventu- ally to the bids of Messrs Harper Brothers and a little book for the late Rev. William Milburn, Charles Scribner's Sons. I was placed in the the famous blind chaplain of the Senate. After invidious position of being obliged to arbitrate on giving an account of the culpable careless- the competition of two friends. The simple method ness of the doctor who wrought the irreparable was to fix a time and accept the highest bidder. mischief in Milburn's boyhood, the writer quotes Before it was known by Messrs Scribner that the settlement was wholly in my hands, young Mr. from a familiar poem that Mr. Milburn used Scribner had started for Cairo, determined to win to recite in giving his lecture on blindness. The by coup de main. We passed each other in the verses, probably known to many, begin thus,- Mediterranean almost within hail, he outward bound and I homeward bound. Mr. Scribner's visit 'I am old and blind, Men point to me as smitten by God's frown.' to Cairo, though unnecessary as regarded arrang. ing for the book, was as pleasant as mine had been. They are entitled 'Milton's Prayer of Pa- On opening the sealed offers of Messrs. Harper and tience,' and have often been attributed to the Messrs. Scribner, I found that Messrs. Scribner had blind poet himself. Mr. Marston ascribes them Their offer was a magnificent one, amounting to Elizabeth Lloyd, 'a lady of Philadelphia.' to many thousands of pounds, and Messrs. Harper's was not very far behind it.' But, unless we are in error, they were written by Elizabeth L. Howell, to whom they are cred- Speaking of Stanley's journalistic activity in ited by Miss Edith Granger in her admirable Spain during the Carlist War, the author con- and accurate ‘Index to Poetry and Recitations. cludes with this unintelligible sentence, Among other eminent Americans of his acquaint- Most unfortunately he lost the whole of his ance, our author pays tribute to the schol- correspondence on this subject, which had arly attainments of Elihu Burritt, the learned appeared in “ The New York Herald," and this blacksmith.' His place of residence is named can hardly now be replaced.' But is not the as Vermont, Mass.! Not only is there no such Herald” on file in not a few large libraries ? town in Massachusetts, but Elihu Burritt was A frankly communicative letter from Captain born and died in New Britain, Connecticut. Mahan contains autobiographical matter of although for a while he lived in Worcester, and interest, and may well be drawn on at this later in Philadelphia, spending also some years point. abroad. Another error in things American Finally, I may say that the term, “sea power, occurs in a letter, quoted without correction by which now has such vogue, was deliberately adopted the author, in which Dakota is spoken of as a by me to compel attention, and, I hoped, to receive currency. Purists, I said to myself, may criticise prosperous State. But as the letter is dated 1872, me for marrying a Teutonic word to one of Latin 6 won. 6 6 1905.] 39 THE DIAL an . origin, but I deliberately discarded the adjective, frontispiece, the author's being inserted toward “maritime," being too smooth to arrest men's the end. A list of Mr. Marston's ventures in attention or stick in their minds. I do not know how far this is usually the case with phrases that print, with encomiums thereon quoted from obtain currency; my impression is that the origi- various sources, fills the closing pages; and nator is himself generally surprised at their taking these testimonials, together with a number of hold. I was not surprised in that sense. The effect produced was that which I fully purposed; eulogistic letters printed in the body of the but I was surprised at the extent of my success. book, help us to a better acquaintance with our “Sea power,” in English at least, seems to have genial author. PERCY F. BICKNELL. come to stay in the sense I used it. "The sea Powers” were often spoken of before, but in an entirely different manner—not to express, as 1 meant, at once an abstract conception and a con- crete fact. It may seem odd to you, but I do not THE IDEALS OF THE EAST.* to this day understand my success. I had done what I intended; I recognize that people have The fundamental difference between the Occi- attributed to me a great success, and have given dental man and his brother of the Orient is me abundant recognition. I enjoy it and am grate psychological . Try as they may, it is impossi- ful; but for the most part I do not myself appre- ciate the work up to the measure expressed by ble for them to think quite alike. Divergent others.' mental processes stand in the way of complete Many will remember the fright suffered by mutual understanding. A wide gulf separates the English at the prospect of a Channel tun- the man who naturally gives expression to even nel. The recent friendly agreement concluded his most imaginative thoughts in direct if not between England and France has given fresh prosaic diction, from him who is wont to clothe hopes to the advocates of such a tunnel. Mr. his ideas, ordinary as well as other, in pictur- Marston shrinks at the bare thought, and esque and symbolical imagery. Nor is this all. quotes Captain Mahan to the following effect: The difference is more than one of language 'Such a tunnel would be a bridge between France merely: it is also the thought relation to the and Great Britain, Historically, every accumulated beliefs, traditions, and customs of bridge is element of danger. It the respective races. To the difficulty of bridg- may safely be predicted that once built it will not ing the chasm we have the testimony of Lafca- be destroyed, but that throughout any war reliance dio Hearn, who still felt himself an alien at will be placed upon its defences. History teaches us again and again the dangers of surprise—the dan- heart after fourteen years of intimate associa- gers of over-confidence. You will have continually in tion with and close study of the Japanese peo- your midst an open gap, absorbing a large part of ple,-years during which he identified himself your available force for its protection. As to the effect upon the sea power of Great Britain, it is with them in every possible way. Because of obvious that your navy, were it tenfold its present this difference, and because the art of a people strength, can neither protect the tunnel nor remedy is the expression of what is highest and noblest the evils incurred by its passing into the hands of in their culture, it has long been realized that an enemy. It is an odd kind of thing comprehensive interpretation of the content of -making one lay down the pen and muse-to think of an open passage to Great Britain in the Japanese art is beyond the capacity of any for- hands of a foe, and British ships, like toothless eigner. dogs, prowlingvainly round the shores of the In making this statement it is necessary to island.' guard against misconception. The art of the And to the advocate of disarmament and inter- Orient is not to be judged by a standard differ- national confidence, it is also an odd kind ent from that which we should apply in consid- of thing — making one lay down the pen andering other art. ering other art. As to its æsthetic value, it muse - to think of Great Britain recoiling in speaks for itself. In this respect art is a uni- terror from a little round hole in the ground, versal language. There is not one philosophy which a large part of its available force is of art for the East and another for the West. unable to protect. The aim of the artist is everywhere the same. Two visits to America contribute to Mr. His impulse is creative; his purpose is to give Marston's book sundry items that will be of organic balance and internal beauty to an especial interest to cis-Atlantic readers. But arrangement of lines, masses, light and dark, they will wonder what sort of a whim it is that and color. The measure of the result as art is makes the writer refer to the historic seat of the power and skill and insight with which these our oldest university as 'Cambridge City.' Does elements have been handled. It does not depend he, with an Englishman's perspective, view it as upon accuracy of representation, which belongs one of our frontier settlements and class it with to the domain of science, nor upon any story- Carson City, Boise City, Cheyenne City, and With Special Reference Golden City ? to the Art of Japan. By Okakura Kakuzo (printed Of the many portraits in this attractive vol- * Kakasu Okakura'). New York: By Okakura Kakuzo. New ume, Stanley's has the place of honor, as The Century Co. * THE IDEALS OF THE EAST. E. P. Dutton & Co. THE AWAKENING OF JAPAN. York: 40 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL 6 telling or preachment whatsoever. As to these force, he shows us, was not so much Buddhism and other extraneous things, all that is needful as Indian idealism, of which the religion of is that they be so dealt with as not to interfere Gautama is but a phase, though the chief vehi- with the æsthetic enjoyment of the spectator. cle by which the culture was diffused. With But while the subject-matter with which comprehensive vision, Mr. Okakura traces its artists have to do is only the vehicle for their progress step by step, and has set it forth in a æsthetic appeal, it necessarily brings into their brief though clear and convincing summary. work a host of associated ideas. And so, in con- This occupies more than half of the book; the sidering the art of a people so widely removed rest is given over to a rapid survey of the his- from us as the Japanese, we feel the need to tory of art in Japan viewed in relation thereto. understand much more than the art itself as In its larger aspect, Japanese art is thus seen such. Attempts at interpretation have been to be the symbol and expression of all Asian cul. many: some of them are more than creditable to ture,--the mirror in which its soul is reflected. their authors and of undoubted value as far as To prevent its debasement by the scorching they go. But even in their measure of success drought of modern vulgarity' is the cause to they make it apparent that the authoritative which Mr. Okakura's talents have been devoted. utterance must emanate from one to the manner But, as he rightly says, it is to Asia herself that born. The more welcome, therefore, is the mes- the appeal must be made. th The outcome, to sage conveyed in ‘The Ideals of the East,' from quote his final words, must be 'Victory from the pen of one eminently qualified for the task. within, or a mighty death without.' The author, Okakura Kakuzo-to follow the Every sentence in this remarkable and sig- Japanese custom of placing the family name nificant book is so charged with meaning that first,—is a distinguished scholar and connois- the reviewer is constantly tempted to linger seur whose name is well known to every student over the separate statements, instead of keeping of his country's art. If that art is to retain its to the argument as a whole. Inviting, too, are ancient and distinctive characteristics, and not the felicitous turns of phrase to be found upon go down before the blighting onslaught of every page, and the skill with which concep- commercialism and foreign ideas, it will be tions involving great difficulty in their verbal due in no small degree to his efforts, and to the expression have been clearly set forth. The influence of the academy known as the Nippon mastery of the English language which Mr. Bijitsuin, of which he is the founder and Okakura displays is indeed amazing. For the President. misspelling of his personal name on the title The book in which Mr. Okakura has sketched page-Kakasu instead of Kakuzo—it may be the evolution of Asiatic art-ideals is written assumed that he is not responsible. It is possi- with a wealth of knowledge and penetrative ble that the reader not steeped in Oriental lore insight that quite disarm the alien critic, who, may find the book too compactly written, some lacking the broad range of information and of its statements too condensed and allusive for intuitive comprehension of Oriental thought, easy comprehension. The commentary, it is cannot hope to speak with a certainty equal to to be hoped, will be supplied by the same hand that of the author. Yet so widely does his at no distant day, in the shape of a more reading of Indian, Chinese, and Japanese his- extended and amply illustrated work upon the tory vary from what we have hitherto con- subject. ceived, that it is difficult to accept all that he 'The Awakening of Japan' is marked by the says without question. How far, we ask, has same epigrammatic style and forceful utterance he built on solid ground, and to what extent on that characterize The Ideals of the East.' mere fable? His statements are put forth with Listen to the opening words: such calm assurance that it may be he has had • The sudden development of Japan has been more access to sources of authentic information of or less of an enigma to foreign observers. She is which we as yet remain in ignorance. But the the country of flowers and ironclads, of dashing burden of proof, as the lawyers say, would seem heroism and delicate tea-cups,— the strange border- to be upon him to show that there is not a large land where quaint shadows cross each other in the admixture of myth in the alleged facts upon twilight the the New and the old World. Until recently West has Japan which he bases his theory when dealing with It is amusing to find nowadays that such success the early history of the East. as we have achieved in our efforts to take a place That, however, may be dismissed as a detail among the family of nations appears in the eyes of many as a menace to Christendom. In the mys- not necessarily affecting the force of the terious, nothing is improbable. Exaggeration is author's argument, and the more readily when the courtesy which fancy pays to the unknown. we consider the skill and accuracy with which What sweeping condemnation, what absurd praise, he has handled the facts of the later periods. In has not the world lavished on New Japan! We are both the cherished child of modern progress and a his purview, Asia, the great Mother, is for- dread resurrection of heathendom the Yellow ever One.' The transforming and unifying Peril itself! ' 1905.) 41 THE DIAL . 6 Were not the opinion so frequently expressed, out, tends to destroy the self-confidence of the it would be incredible that anyone should con- Japanese in their canons of art. The menace is sider it possible for Japan to have reached her from the inroad of Western ideas: the great dif- present stage of development in fifty years years ficulty“ lies in the fact that Japanese art stands by a sudden emergence from a state of half- alone in the world, without immediate possibil- civilization but little removed from barbarism. ity of any accession or reinforcement from kin- How different is the reality, Mr. Okakura shows dred ideal or technique.' Yet to Western ideas in this impressive review of the causes that led as such, Mr. Okakura displays no aversion. to the downfall of the feudal system and fitted Only as they tend to destroy the characteristic the people to assimilate and utilize extraneous flavor of Asian culture do they arouse his hos- knowledge when put within their reach. Before tility. In other fields he bids them welcome, the awakening came from without, the national as, for example, the elevation of the social consciousness had already been stirred by the status of woman, which he warmly commends voice within,—the tyranny of the Togugawa and asserts to be the elevation of the race.' régime had nearly run its course. FREDERICK W. GOOKIN. What Mr. Okakura pleads for so eloquently in both of his books is the preservation of Asiatic culture. With impassioned fervor he asks: A NAPOLEONIC AFTERMATH. * 'If the guilty conscience of some European For his two-volume work on Napoleon I., nations has conjured up the specter of a Yellow Peril, may not the suffering soul of Asia wail over published some three years ago, Mr. J. Holland the realities of the White Disaster?! Rose received a very general approval, both on And again : account of the method of presentation and • The venerable East still distinguishes between because of the inclusion of new material dis- means and ends. The West is for progress, but covered by researches in the archives of the Brit- progress toward what? When material efficiency ish foreign office. The same author now pre- is complete, what end, asks Asia, will have been accomplished? When the passion of fraternity has sents a volume of essays most of which deal culminated in universal coöperation, what purpose with incidents in, or aspects of, the Napoleonic is it to serve? If mere self-interest, where do we career that could not consistently be treated at find the boasted advance?' length in the more formal work, but which yet Where indeed ? Are not stocks and bonds have interest in themselves. All but four of better than art? Is not the smoke of factory these essays have been published in various chimneys grateful to the nostrils of the truly magazines, and those thus published are quite enlightened man? Is it not better to be an distinct from the others in that they are, with operative than to remain an independent pro- one exception, largely technical, referring to ducer? Is not cheapness more desirable than disputed incidents which are primarily of inter- quality? That the West can ever accept the est to the historical student alone. Such, for views of Eastern scholarship in regard to such example, are the essays on 'A British Agent matters, is asking too much. Does it not assert at Tilsit,' an attempt to determine the identity that 'aggressive nations have no conscience,' of the man who discovered the secret of the and that 'In the West, international morality plans adopted by Napoleon and Alexander in remains far below the standard to which indi- their famous interview on the raft at Tilsit, and vidual morality has attained ?' ‘Britain's Food Supply in the Napoleonic Notwithstanding the imminence of the White War,' a statistical examination of prices to esti- Peril, Mr. Okakura's attitude is far from mate the effectiveness of the continental block- despondent. He finds a solid foundation for his ade. The four new studies deal with larger hopes in the strength of the national spirit and questions of wider interest, though even here the revivals of ancient customs now in progress. the reader must have a general familiarity with But he is not happy in citing the names of the events of European history during the Natsuo, Zesshin, Hogai, and Gaho, to prove Napoleonic period to understand what Mr. Rose that the art of old Japan still lives, for Zesshin is writing about. and Hogai were 'gathered to their fathers' The purpose of the first of these new essays, some years ago. Fortunately, Gaho and Natsuo ‘Wordsworth, Schiller, Fichte, and the Idealist are not the only eminent men among living Revolt against Napoleon, is to examine the Japanese artists; but in their effort to uphold attitude of literary men of genius at the incep- the glories and traditions of the past, they have tion of the French revolution, and to show how to contend against the unfortunately con- and why that attitude was changed by the course temptuous attitude which the average Westerner of political events. Briefly put, Mr. Rose's assumes toward everything connected with Ori- * NAPOLEONIC STUDIES. By J. Holland Rose. ental civilization,' which, as Mr. Okakura points 6 a New York: The Macmillan Co. 42 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL 6 6 analysis of this change is that these writers, was to make her the mistress of Europe. With the and others like Coleridge in England and Czar- aid of Catholicism I should more easily attain all toryski in Russia, passed from extreme admira- my great results. Abroad, Catholicism would keep the Pope on my side; and with my influence, and tion to extreme hatred for France, because the our forces in Italy, I did not despair of having, French people were content to sacrifice humani- sooner or later, by one means or another, the direc- tarian and idealistic principles to material bene- tion of this Pope. And thenceforth what an influ- fits and military glory. In the case of Words- ence! What a lever of opinion for the rest of the world! Never in all my quarrels with the Pope worth, this was due not so much to dislike for have I touched a dogma.' the person and activities of Napoleon himself In his earlier career he even applied political as to bitter sorrow at the failure of France to fulfill the glorious promise of the early revolu- and military measurements to spiritual author- tion, when the youth of the nation rejoiced in ity, instructing the French minister at Rome projects full of generous intentions for the to treat with the Pope as if he had 200,000 peoples of all Europe. The early feeling of men,' but later he became convinced that such the German writers was much like that of spiritual authority had not the weight of a Wordsworth, but was in addition strikingly when, just after the battle of Essling, the papal feather in the game of world politics. In 1807 lacking in any patriotic national sense, the gene- ral tendency of German literature being to deny nuncio found him and read to him the bull of the principle of national or race unity. For excommunication, Napoleon replied, 'You have such men the humiliation and suffering of Ger- done your duty; you are a very brave man; I many under Napoleon's control acted as a cura- esteem you'; but he added, 'What can the Pope do ? tive medicine, developing the inherent but hith- I have 300,000 men under my orders. erto undiscovered sense of loyalty to country, from my soldiers' hands?' From these and With his lightning can he make the arms fall and permitting them a patriotic enthusiasm in later life that did much to compensate for the similar incidents, Mr. Rose seeks to show that loss of earlier enthusiasm for French ideals of Napoleon's attitude toward religion was at bottom determined by political considerations, equality. There is nothing in Mr. Rose's exami- nation that has not previously been brought out and he also denies any real religious change in by other writers in separate essays on the vari- the later years spent at St. Helena. ous individuals enumerated, but they are here Regarding the new essays in this volume it is sufficient to say that they serve to emphasize grouped as representative of a world-wide the value of the research work which Mr. Rose movement which had its unmistakable influence has done in the British archives, and to prove in uniting Europe against Napoleon. The one reprinted essay of general rather that in spite of the great number of scholarly studies of the Napoleonic era, large deposits of than technical interest is 'The Religious Belief of Napoleon,' previously published in The unused material still exist. Mr. Rose is at his Quarterly Review' for October, 1903. Most best when dealing with diplomatic history; his historians have treated very briefly, or have chief study has been in that direction, and it passed over in silence the question of actual is therefore natural that the principal value of religious belief, though some have defended the present volume should lie in the essays Napoleon as having high moral perceptions even which are diplomatic studies. The remaining though he made no attempt to realize such per- three of the new papers are of this character. ceptions in practise. With such writers moral 'Pitt's Plans for the Settlement of Europe' is perceptions are made to stand in the place of a résumé of new material bearing on the vari- religious belief. It is with the latter alone that ous proposals made for such settlement during Mr. Rose is concerned. He finds that Napoleon Pitt's two administrations. 'Egypt during the in early life was in no way guided by religious First British Occupation' describes among other belief, and that in the years when he was an incidents the squabbles of British and French enthusiast in the cause of the revolution, his officials over the possession of collections made indifference became contempt. But when Napo- by French savants, the terms of the French leon became a leader and ruler of great masses capitulation having forbidden the carrying of men, he was quick to recognize the power of away of historical or scientific relics; the Mari- etta stone was involved in this controversy. religious conviction upon others and to utilize Austria and the Downfall of Napoleon' places it as a tool in executing his political plans. his- Thus when at St. Helena, in discussing his more emphasis than has been customary alliance with the Pope in 1800, and his deter- tory upon the importance of the position and mination to make France Catholic rather than acts of Austria in 1813 and 1814. All of these Protestant, he said: topics are treated in such a way as to make “These parties, by tearing one another to pieces, them of general interest, though the proof fur- would have annihilated France, and would have nished is in each case new and of a technical made her the slave of Europe, when my ambition nature. Mr. Rose has in fact reached that 1905.] 43 THE DIAL fortunate position where, with a reputation for men as G. P. R. James, John P. Kennedy, scholarly and careful work solidly established, Washington Irving, and other men of letters. he is able to select larger topics for presenta- But when sectional passions ran high, every- tion without feeling it necessary to burden his thing was forgotten save politics, and the death readers with an undue amount of mere material of Irving was almost unnoticed on account of in way of proof. The new essays in the pres- the hanging of John Brown. Under Pierce and ent volume are an excellent illustration of this. Buchanan, and with the growth of the Republi- E. D. ADAMS. can party, sectional lines began to be drawn in social life. Extremists seldom and seldomer met. Naturally, under Democratic Presidents the official society was predominantly Demo- A WOMAN'S REMINISCENCES OF cratic; and among the Democrats the influence PEACE AND WAR.* of Southerners, men and women, was strongly It is not often that we are given at the same felt. It was Admiral Porter's theory, that had time two such entertaining and instructive vol- Washington been a livelier place, with more umes of reminiscences as those of Mrs. Clay and amusements and diversions, during the last two Mrs. Pryor, both of which recently appeared. administrations before the war, the Southerners Both cover the same period—the fifties and the would not have seceded. On account of family sixties; and both depict the same places and bereavement, Mrs. Pierce did not entertain; and scenes and people—Washington in the decade Buchanan was a solitary old bachelor who did before the war, Richmond and the Confederacy, not understand the meaning of amusement. and the ruin of the South. Mrs. Clay was However, Mrs. Pryor describes a splendid brilliant, wise, witty woman of the world in régime in those few years before the end. Wash- the time she describes, a leader in Washington ington suppers of the late fifties almost rivalled society; Mrs. Pryor was also of that society, the feasts of the Roman emperors. But there but more inclined to the pleasures of the domes- were drawbacks. At one of President Buchan- tic circle. Her book gives us a better under- an’s dinners, Mrs. Pryor was taken in by a standing of the life of Confederate women backwoods Congressman who had stimulated than does that of Mrs. Clay, who writes princi- himself too freely, and distressed Mrs. Pryor pally of official personages. by winking at Miss Harriet Lane, the niece of Mrs. Pryor is the wife of one who has had a the President. The coming of the first Japa- varied career,-newspaper editor in Richmond nese embassy was an event in Washington his- and Washington, special minister to Greece, tory, and Mrs. Pryor became the proud first elected in 1856 to Congress, and after secession American possessor of a Japanese fan. a Confederate Congressman, a colonel, a general, Of fashions and dressmakers of the period, and a private soldier. Since the war he has . Mrs. Pryor has much to say. Her philosophy become known as one of the ablest of New of dress will be interesting to the present age. York lawyers, a prominent politician in New Those were leisurely, spacious, expansive times, York state, and judge of its Supreme Court. when there was still plenty of room in the Mrs. Pryor devotes six interesting chapters to world, and people dressed accordingly. We are her Washington life,—to descriptions of the told that the immense hoopskirts and marvel- official society and the notable persons whom she lous headgear were not ugly, but were well knew, the fashions and manners of the fifties, suited to expensive dressing. Incidentally it the entertainments of ante-bellum Washington, comes out that dresses were extremely low in and of the stormy session of the last Congress the neck, and that sermons were then preached of the old Union. Washington was then in against them; but having been invented about some respects a provincial capital, with only a 1280 and preached against since then, Mrs. political and therefore floating population; but Pryor predicts they will survive. That men we have Mrs. Pryor's word that it was a very have no business interfering in affairs of drese, pleasant place in which to live, and in the spring she evidently believes, and illustrates by Mr. a very pretty country town. Though the old Marcy's case. Marcy's case. He, when Secretary of State, residents' held aloof, official society was then ordered American ministers abroad to appear composed of people who were there because they only in plain civilian dress. At several courts were of importance at home; there were few of the ministers were informed that to wear such the modern plutocrats' who now go to Wash- dress would be considered disrespectful. Mr. ington to get the social privileges denied them Buchanan, in England, when when Parliament elsewhere. In those days, literary men found opened, 'had nothing to wear, and his absence Washington a pleasant place to live in; and came near causing an inquiry in Parlia- President Fillmore gathered about him such ment. Finally he appeared at court in the pre- scribed civilian dress, but wearing a sword 'to • REMINISCENCES OF PEACE AND WAR. A. Pryor. New York: The Macmillan Co. distinguish myself from the upper court serv- By Mrs. Roger 44 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL I war. ants. Such was the effect of a man's med- The plundering propensities of Federal sol- dling with matters of dress. diers are compared with the conduct of the Washington life on the eve of war was not Confederates under Lee and of the British pleasant. People were restless and fevered under Cornwallis, to the discredit of the former. with anxiety; political questions affected society, McClellan, Mrs. Pryor declares, was a gentle- and there was no longer much intercourse man, but some of the other Federal command- between people of the South and those of the ers were not. There is a ludicrous glimpse of North. Mrs. Douglas cut all her husband's Sheridan, who, after seizing Mrs. Pryor's house opponents; and many others did likewise. The for his own use, sends her his photograph. And Battle of the Giants was on in Congress, and there was a New England officer who, after members spoke for days on the state of the having taken General Pryor's fine horse, wrote country. All else was neglected for this. Mem- back informing the General of the horse's bers were wild with passion, and bitter lan- good health, and asking for its pedigree. guage aroused bitter feelings. Friends of many There was nothing to do in Virginia after the years no longer greeted one another. President So Mrs. Pryor pawned her watch and Buchanan prayed that secession might ‘not ring, and with the money, Roger A. Pryor, ex- come in my time,' and almost died of anxiety. “ rebel’ General and Congressman, went to New When South Carolina seceded he was at a wed- York to start anew. ding-party; and it fell to Mrs. Pryor to break These memoirs show unconsciously the differ- the news to him. She says that he was stunned. ence between the Border South and the Lower After the inauguration of President Lincoln, South of 1861. In secession the Virginians Mrs. Pryor went with her husband to the great held back, and there was a strong Union party , gathering of the Virginians, who came from until the last, but it died in a day when Lincoln all over the world when the rallying-cry was called for troops. Mrs. Pryor criticizes some- the exhortation of old Sir George Somers of what the policy of the Confederacy,—directed, the Sea Venture, Be true to duty, and it will be remembered, by men of the Lower return to Virginia.' Few failed to obey the call. South,-blaming the leaders for the war and * The very earth trembled at the tramp of the for dragging it out after longer resistance was Virginians, as they marched to the assize of hopeless. She did not expect secession when it arms of the Mother of them all.' Then fol- came, and, like other Virginians, expected much lowed the enthusiastic preparation for the from the Virginia Peace Commission. She says impending conflict. Volunteers were fitted out that in 1860 the people of Charleston turned the and sent to the front. At first Mrs. Pryor endeav- cold shoulder to the Northern delegates to the ored to keep near her husband, who was in the Democratic Convention, thus widening the army; but this was difficult, so she sent her breach between North and South. The Rich- children to relatives while she herself nursed mond adminstration is mildly but persistently the sick and wounded in the hospitals. During criticised. In this connection Mrs. Pryor calls the last years of the war she gathered her little attention to a rather important fact: There family together in Petersburg, almost within never was any official recognition of gallant the battle-lines; and there, in the midst of the action by the Confederate government, no men- siege, in danger and in want, she fought the tion in orders, no medals, no promotion on the wolf from the door, just as did so many other field. Davis, the author believes, opposed Pryor's Southern women. Her Washington finery was further promotion after he had been made made over and sold to the wives of speculators brigadier-general; consequently Pryor resigned in Richmond. Such expedients carried the and entered the ranks as a private soldier. It family through the last dark days before the should be remembered, however, that the Presi- surrender, when the husband and father was in dent was also severely criticised by the Gulf a Northern prison. States Congressmen for partiality to Virginians, Some of the letters quoted tell more than and especially for making Pryor a brigadier- has been generally known before of the desper- general. It will always be difficult for Vir- ate condition of the poorer people of Richmond ginians to understand how much the Lower long before the war ended. There is a descrip- South sacrificed for Richmond during the last tion, for instance, of the rising of the women in years of the war. the 'Bread Riot.' The original account of Gen- The reminiscences are brightly told; there is eral Lee's bit of borrowed bacon is here given. little dwelling on the dark side of things, and On one occasion he had two biscuits for break- the tendency of the book is irenic. As a contri- fast, and gave one of them to an Irish member bution to the history of the period it is of value of Parliament who was visiting him. Lee's not so much for the facts set forth as for the quarters at Petersburg were near Mrs. Pryor's color and feeling that can be found only in these home. first-hand accounts. WALTER L. FLEMING. 1905.] 45 THE DIAL > has some features that are a positive gain for IN THE REALM OF THE BIBLE.* biblical students. Dr. Davidson was a mas- Recent years have seen notable progress in ter of careful word-study, and of close discrimi- the conception and statement of the character nation between the inherent meanings of words; and scope of biblical theology. German works indeed, upon this very feature much of the in considerable numbers have devoted their detail of Old Testament theology depends. pages to its treatment, but it was conceded that He breaks up into clear divisions the mass of the final word had been by no means spoken on great truths contained in the Old Testament. this vital theme. “The International Theologi- The book throbs with a large and living con- cal Library projected a work on this line sev- ception of the scope and sweep of revelation, and eral years ago, and secured the consent of Pro- the relations that exist between the Old and fessor Davidson of Edinburgh to prepare it. New Testaments. Students of the Bible will Years swept by with no visible completion of find here, as in the author's useful little Cam- the task, until the death of Dr. Davidson in bridge Bible commentaries on several Old Tes- 1902. As a consequence of this calamity, Prin- tament books, containing incisive, profitable, and cipal Salmond undertook to edit the manu- helpful discussions of some of the fundamental scripts that were probably designed, at some doctrines of the Old Testament. later date, to constitute the promised volume on Hastings's Dictionary of the Bible, com- the Biblical Theology of the Old Testament. pleted in 1902, in four volumes, is a monu- The editor found no easy task in preparing for mental work. But its compass and treatment publication manuscripts that had had several could not include all the themes which a Bible- revisions at the hand of the author. But the student of to-day expects to find in such a dic- work has been done with great conscientious- tionary. Besides, the last five years have seen ness, and as a rule with eminent success; and it several important discoveries that affect the has given us in permanent form some of the interpretation of the Old and New Testaments, fundamental principles of the Old Testament and these should be put within the reach of as seen and interpreted by one of the leading Bible-students by men who can speak authori- Old Testament scholars of this age. The chap- tatively. As time progresses, there are more ter arrangement of the volume is significant, as and more themes that must demand the careful embodying in the author's mind the dominating consideration of every student of the Scrip- ideas of the Old Testament. The chapters dis- tures. An 'Extra Volume' has been prepared cuss (1) the science of Old Testament theology, and published to meet just this new require- (2) the doctrine of God, (3) the Divine nature, ment. It contains thirty-eight articles by spe- (4) the Spirit of God, (5) the Divine attri- butes, (6) the doctrine of good and evil, (7) cialists, covering several of the most important side-issues of the Bible-students. Some of the sin, (8) the doctrine of redemption, (9) supra- most notable, for the newness of matter or the human good and evil, (10) priesthood and length of the contribution, are the following: atonement, (11) the doctrine of the last things Agrapha,' by Professor Ropes of Harvard; -the Messianic idea, (12) immortality. These Code of Hammurabi,' by Mr. Johns of Cam- themes are treated not by the chronological but bridge; 'Papyri,' by Professor Buhl of Copen- by the topical method. hagen; ' Religion of Babylonia and Assyria,' by Dr. Davidson's known views of the Old Testa- Professor Jastrow of University of Pennsylva- ment led us to expect a discussion of each theme nia; ' Religion of Israel,' by Professor Kautzsch on the basis of its development or growth. But of Halle; ' Sermon on the Mount,' by Professor in this we are somewhat disappointed. Though Votaw of University of Chicago; and 'Textual a cautious critic, his caution seems to have Criticism of the New Testament,' by Dr. Mur- restrained him from giving everywhere an up-to- ray of Canterbury. Each of these contributions date scientific treatment of his subject. He puts into the hands of Bible-students matter of accepts the analysis of the Pentateuch, of the authoritative value, and the best that we may historical books, and of the double assignment hope to have for some years to come. The arti- of Isaiah. Nevertheless, he gives a timely word cle on the 'Religion of Israel' covers 123 of warning against the extreme radical tenden- double-column pages, is very exhaustive, and cies of the modern critical school. This work would make a large volume as books are made to-day. The last 200 pages contain the working late A. B. Davidson, D.D., LL.D. Edited by S. D. F. Salmond, D.D. Charles Scribner's Sons. apparatus for the entire work, inclusive of this A DICTIONARY. OF THE BIBLE. Dealing with its Lan- extra volume. They include the name of each guage, Literature, and Contents, including the Biblical writer and his contributions, an alphabetic list Theology. By James Hastings. Extra Volume, con- taining Articles, Indexes, and Maps. New York: Charles of all themes discussed in the entire work, an Scribner's Sons. index of of Scripture passages and other THE WORDS OF KOHELETH, Son of David, King in Jeru- literature, a full list of Hebrew and Greek By John Franklin Genung. Boston: Houghton, words, an index to the all-too-few illustrations, > 6 6 6 • THE THEOLOGY OF THE OLD TESTAMENT. By the New York: salem. Mifflin & Co. 46 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL 6 and a list of the thirteen maps that embellish moved among his fellows. The attempt is always the five volumes. The completion of this great a bold one, and he who makes it must be excep- work for Biblical students and scholars is a tri- tionally endowed with sympathy and penetrative umph. Its comprehensiveness, its scholarship, insight. Among the most ingenious and success- its progressiveness, and its aggressiveness, give ful experiments upon this baffling theme must surely be reckoned the little two-act drama of Dr. it first place among all dictionaries of the Bible Garnett, by him entitled William Shakespeare, in the English language. Pedagogue and Poacher,' and made to deal with Professor Genung's 'Epic of the Inner Life,' the deer-stealing episode of the poet's legendary a study of the Book of Job, has won a place in youth. Here we have the young Shakespeare, the literature of that noble book. The same hardly more than a lad, but some time since author has now turned his attention and thought entrapped into marriage with a shrewish and to another book of the Old Testament that has puritanical woman several years his senior, and proved to be a riddle to many readers. This already planning for emancipation and the free work is based on sound scholarship, and pro- life of London. Indeed, he has already des- patched to a friend in the city the first fruits of ceeds along the highway of literary excellence. his invention, a comedy entitled “The Taming of About the first half of the volume is given to a a Shrew,' for which his own domestic experiences frank discussion of The Book and its World,' have afforded abundant material in the way of followed by 'Koheleth's Response to his Time,' characterization, although for the taming process The Issue in Character,' and 'The Literary he must perforce draw upon his imagination. Shaping.' The author is at his best in dealing The deer-stealing escapade is the central feature with current questions regarding this puzzling of Dr. Garnett's play, and in consequence thereof book. His discussion reveals a well-balanced Shakespeare and the scholars who have joined sense of the literary and spiritual values that him in the moonlight adventure are haled before the outraged justice of Sir Thomas Lucy. Sir are to be found in Koheleth, that is, the Thomas is by way of being a euphuist, and Lady preacher. The long-discussed and troublesome Lucy, who once had secret leanings toward the questions as to the authorship of Ecclesiastes youthful poet, is piqued that he should have are surveyed so as to give the reader an idea of become the possession of Mistress Hathaway. At some of the problems that must be dealt with the close, he is saved from condign punishment in any interpretation that may be adopted. The by the appearance of Lord Leicester, who comes last half of the volume is a new translation as a messenger from the Queen (to whom the of the book out of the Hebrew, with a summary comedy has been read) and bears the poet away of thought on the margins. On the lower part to the court. We quote the lines in which Ann Shakespeare advises Sir Thomas that the lash of each page there is a commentary, in smaller would be a proper punishment for her erring type, which puts certain words and phrases spouse. under the exegetical microscope. In summing Long have I groaned o'er William's evil courses, up, the author says: “ The new question in vir- And mourned to know my household fed by rapine, And my own stomach's pure integrity tual control is, What is that thing reward after Polluted by his depredations. all,—that object to which all life and labor are How oft when spit hath turned, or caldron bubbled, Mid savoury smells and steams have I with voice so prevailingly keyed? The truest answer to Gentle and low, an excellent thing in woman, all questions is in conclusion “ Fear God and Demanded, William, whence this venison ? keep his commandments, for this is the sum And he would laugh, and cite some silly tale Of Theseus or the ghost of Herne the Hunter. of manhood.” IRA M. PRICE. Pardon I pray not then, but penalty Conducive to his reformation ; Like lightning, sanctifying where it strikes, And in my poor conceit, the lash, applied By loving spirits wielding arms of flesh RECENT DRAMAS IN VERSE.* Best scared this poaching devil out of him.' Since Landor's immortal 'Citation ' there have He is not to be punished too severely, but just been many attempts to portray in imaginative enough to make him helpless for a few days, guise-through the medium of dialogue, novel, or wherein the faithful wife may find her oppor- poem—the man Shakespeare as he lived and tunity to chide him for his misdeeds. * Beseech you then of your great charity *WILLIAM Pedagogue and Poacher. Suffer the sinner's weal to overpoise A Drama. By Richard Garnett. New York: John Lane, The burdened scale of his transgressions, THE SIN DAVID. By Stephen Phillips. New Using such nice adjustment of the lash York: The Macmillan Co. As but a week may bind him to his bed, By George Cabot Lodge. Where he may call Repentance to efface Houghton, Mifflin & Co. The long score he hath run up with the Fiend, JUDITH OF BETHULIA. A Tragedy. By Thomas Bailey And be his own inquisitor, things past Aldrich. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Summoning to sessions of sweet silent thought, TRISTAN AND ISOLDE. A Tragedy. By Louis K. An. Save when I moralise the spectacle.' spacher. New York: Brentano's. Shakespeare's defense in court is of a nature THE RED BRANCH CRESTS. Deirdre. Mève. Cuchulain. By Charles Leonard Moore. Philadelphia : Published by to enrage Sir Thomas beyond measure, and the the Author. luckless poet is condemned to the three-fold pen- - SHAKESPEARE. OF CAIN. A Drama. Boston: 1905.] 47 THE DIAL 6 alty of flogging, imprisonment, and banishment from the shire. Handed over to the constable for execution, the latter says: 'Sir Thomas, I'm afeared to touch the man, Thou heardest? he hath a familiar spirit, Perchance an impish sootikin, but haply Tail-switching Lucifer, Hell's emperor.' To this Shakespeare replies: • Aye, man, I hold in fee ten thousand spirits, And more can summon from the vasty deep, Who at my word shall seize thy knight and thee And set bemocked upon the public stage, Stuff for the humourous world's derision.' It will have been noticed from the above extracts that Dr. Garnett has made a large use of Shakespearian lines, distributing them impar- tially among the several characters. This is one of the noteworthy features of the drama, and may be further illustrated by the following striking words, placed in Shakespeare's mouth when he announces to his wife his early departure for prodigious London': And I will seek a manly soul, and wear him In my heart's core, even in my heart of hearts. And in high verse I will eternise him, Blazoning his beauty forth, his name concealing To set the wide world wondering who he was, And sharp debate shall drain the inky stands Of sage and scholar labouring to divine It worth it was of his, or wit of mine.' Such is Dr. Garnett's way of accounting for the mystery of the sonnets. The Sin of David,' by Mr. Stephen Phillips, is a modern version (not too modern) of the adulterous love of the King of Israel and the wife of Uriah the Hittite. The scene is Eng- land, the epoch that of the Cromwellian wars. Sir Hubert Lisle, commander of a section of the Parliamentary forces, is captivated by the young wife of Colonel Mardyke, an aged and austere puritan, and, to clear his path, despatches the latter upon an errand that means certain death. For several years thereafter, he enjoys the fruits of his despicable act as far as an uneasy consci- ence will permit, but in the end is sadly stricken by the judgment of God in the death of the child that the woman has borne to him. Her eyes also are opened by this calamity, and she at first turns from her husband with loathing, but afterwards consents to a sort of chastened reconciliation. This old story of sin and expiation is told in the simplest form; the work is bare of ornament or accessory, and its poignancy is all the more effect- ive for the severe pruning of the author's imagi- nation. The verse is, as we had a right to expect from Mr. Phillips, dignified and filled with a haunting melodious charm. It is best exhibited by passages of one or two lines, such as 'Thou hast unlocked the loveliness of earth, or as And I must bide, till this full beauty drop Which even divinity did flush to dream, or as * How o'er the Fenland hath grown fairy land And all these levels gleam as passionate As the high gardens of Assyrian Kings.' Longer passages are not so easy of extraction, but the one following may, perhaps, be held an adequate illustration of this latest work of an accomplished poet in its more sustained flights. The passage is all but the closing one of this three-act drama. Our former marriage, though by holy bell And melody of lifted voices blest, Was yet in madness of the blood conceived And born of murder: therefore is the child Withdrawn, that we might feel the sting of flesh Corruptible; yet he in that withdrawal Folded upon the bosom of the Father, Hath joined us in a marriage everlasting; Marriage at best of spirit, not of sense, Whose ritual is memory and repentance, Whose sacrament this deep and mutual wound, Whose covenant the all that might have been. And to this troth majestic shadows throng, And stand about as in dumb sympathy. In presence of these silent witnesses, And one perchance that carrieth now a babe, I take in mine thy hand and call thee wife- Wife, wife, till the grave-shattering trumpet !' If the public of a century ago was startled and shocked by the audacity of Byron's 'Cain,' it is interesting to speculate concerning what its emo- tions would have been could it have foreseen the "Cain' of Mr. George Cabot Lodge. For Mr. Lodge has still further allegorized the Biblical allegory, and boldly presented the figure of the first murderer as that of a Prometheus or Savior of mankind. He slays Abel, not from envy or a sudden fit of anger, but with reasoned and elo- quently defended purpose, because he sees in the cringing and submissive nature of his brother a menace to the future generations that might spring from his loins. • The cause is grave beyond thy power of thought And holds dominion both for thee and me, Who share the self-same trust and equally Safeguard the sacred heritage of life. We are not merely men but more than men Since we are pregnant of futurity. We are not measured by the fretful years That span our being, since we store the seed of myriad generations yet unborn. We are the start of young humanities ! We are the spring and freshet of mighty streams, That thro' the reach of the unending years, As thro' vast fields where darkness wars with dawn, Shall keep their fruitful and resistless way! We have within us such an utterance As once proclaimed shall peal forevermore, Echoed and multiplied from age to age, Down thro' the endless labyrinth of time! We are the scabbard of a sword of flame, We are the wardens of the House of Life, We are the guardians of a sacred fire, We are the gates of Dawn,- the First of Men ! Such is the cause !- for this we shall not yield The torch of freedom to the winds of fear, Nor blight the burgeon from the seed of truth With frost of lies or dust of ignorance ! Nay, we must shield the torch and guard the flower; We must be perfect in our sacred trust; We must preserve, in strength and faith and love, Our whole inheritance that all may share!- Not for the safety of a mean content, Not in the terrour of a wrathful God, Shall we renounce the treasure and the task, Or sell the birthright of the Sons of Man!' And so, deliberately and with love for his brother in his heart, Cain slays Abel, and, seek- ing their mother afterward, justifies his act. Wrung by her grief, she is nevertheless persuaded by his eloquence, and blesses him in the end. • Till now my tears have blinded me; at last I see and know-thou art the Son of Man, Thou art the Saviour – and my son, my son ! Love and forgive me! for the blood of Abel Rose, a red mist between thy soul and mine! Now I am weak no more; I say to thee: . 48 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL Go forth, go forth; lonely and godlike man! There famished women weep, and have no hope. My heart will follow tho' my feet must stay.' The moan of children moaning in the streets After this tender and moving scene of parting, Tears at my heart. O God! have I a heart? Why do I falter ! Thou that rulest all, Cain goes forth to take up his burden, much as Hold not Thy favor from me that I seek Prometheus goes to meet his doom in Mr. Moody's This night to be Thy instrument ! Dear Lord, poem of 'The Fire-Bringer.' Look down on me, a widow of Judea, A feeble thing unless Thou sendest strength ! 'Farewell! my will and mine alone A woman such as I slew Sisera. Has made me outcast from the laws of men, The hand that pierced his temples with a nail And from God's laws, and from the homes of men. Was soft and gentle, like to mine, a hand I am the man I am: no cause but this Moulded to press a babe against her breast ! Hast cast me naked and lonely from the pale, Thou didst sustain her. Oh, sustain Thou me To wander, alien in the Academe, That I may free Thy chosen from their chains !- Cursed and derided in the market-place, Each sinew in my body turns to steel, Slandered and scourged before the shrines of God. My pulses quicken, I no longer fear! 0 I shall weary with all the woes of the world ! My prayer has reached Him, sitting there on high ! And when I shall lift up the immortal light The hour is come I dreamed of! This for thee Like dawn in the dark places of men's souls, O Israel, my people, this for thee!' All men shall hail it as a ruinous fire Born for their world's destruction; they shall rise, This is probably the finest page of a book that Nerved with ferocious fear, and hale me forth, is dignified and impressive throughout, a book not Seize me, traduce me, judge me, and condemn,- And press the hemlock to my unshrinking lips unworthy of the trained artistic hand which Or nail my scourged flesh naked to the cross !! brings it to us as a gift. The solemn burden and the stately march of "Tristan and Isolde' is a tragedy by Mr. Louis this fine poem has been impressively illustrated K. Anspacher. Structurally, it is weakened by by the foregoing passages. It remains to give being dragged out through five acts, instead of one brief example of Mr. Lodge's diction in a the three in which the unerring dramatic instinct tender and lyrical mood. The words are Abel's, of Wagner realized that it must be moulded. In just as he is about to make his sacrifice at the the present work, the voyage to Cornwall is sup- altar. pressed altogether, its happenings being related "The golden sandals of reluctant day after the discovery of Tristan's faithlessness. Climb the broad shoulders of the heavenward hills. Mr. Anspacher has also introduced several subsi- Earth pills with darkness like a shallow bowl diary characters whose presence tends to make And sleep weighs down the weary lids of life. the action diffuse. As an example of his verse, O peace of God, vigil of God's great love, I feel you now, in vast serenity, we quote a passage spoken by King Mark in the Brood like a benediction on the world!' third act. The scheme of this work is as simple as possi- • We three can never dwell beneath one roof; ble. The only speakers are Adam, Eve, Cain, and Tintagel Castle, where King Uther died, Abel, unless we add the voice of God, heard The mighty founder of a line of Kings, Is now too small to hold its three possessors. from time to time. Of the three acts, the first My human pity never learned revenge ; belongs mainly to Adam and Eve, the second to There is no malice in my punishment. the brethren and the tragedy, the third to Cain's The pillory of public banishment reconciliation with his mother. The diction of Will not be pressed on thee; but thou must go, Parting as secretly as thou hast come. the poem is almost as severe as its outline, and is Thou art not pure enough to seek the Grail; sustained throughout at a lofty pitch. For he who compasses that high devoir Must guiltless be, and pure as virgin lilies. The three dramas thus far described are Go, then, thy better self will pray for thee; strictly closet affairs; no one would think of plac- Devote thyself to vows and blessed works; ing them upon the boards of any actual stage. Until the saints, whose joy is saving souls, With Mr. Aldrich's "Judith of Bethulîa' the case Absolve thy heart. I, too, in time, shall add What prayers forgiveness may find tongue to speak. is different, for this drama was written not only My blessings go as wayfarers with thee, with an eye to stage-production in general, but Go, go; I never wish to see thy face again.' as a vehicle for the talent of a particular actress. As will been seen from these lines, which are The actual performance, with Miss O'Neil in the among the best to be found in the drama, the titular part, took place in Boston last October. work is uninspired and mechanical. It is an The four acts of the play, moreover, are based exercise in metrical composition rather than a upon the author's poem of 'Judith and Holo- creative product. fernes,' from which lines and lengthy passages are freely borrowed and incorporated into the Under the title of The Red Branch Crests" Mr. Charles Leonard Moore has versified three dramatic work. We select for reproduction the climacteric passage, the monologue of Judith in Celtic legends. The poems are dramatic in form and each is in from six to ten scenes. The form is the tent, just before she slays the sleeping Holofernes. a verse of seven syllables and four accents, and the lines are in rhymed couplets. There are 'I did not longer dare to look on him, Lest I should lose my reason through my eyes. a few irregularities, but the verse keeps fairly This man - this man, had he been of my race, close to the norm. It is favorably illustrated by And I a maiden, and we two bad met - the closing passage, the lament spoken after the What visions inock me ! Some ancestral sin death of Cuchulain and his men. Hath left a taint of madness in my brain. Were I not I, I would unbind my hair Slaughtered host and slaughtered King And let the tresses cool his fevered cheek, Lie in one vast battle ring. And take him in my arms - Oh, am I mad? From his final field of fame Yonder the watch-fires flare upon the walls, Bear the matchless form of flame! Like red hands pleading to me through the dark; Largest of our lordly line 本 ​ 1905.] 49 THE DIAL an 6 Bear him to Emania's shrine. tute lectures that are reprinted in the present Last of the immortal clan, volume. He entered upon the task with The Tuartha de Danaan. Bear him past the mountain gates enthusiasm born of a large and loving acquain- Where his vanished godsire waits! tance with the poets of Italy, and he succeeds in Ulster weep, thy champion slain, imparting no little of this emotion to his readers. Guard of thy sky-domed domain. 'For this work,' he says, 'I claim one qualifica- Thou no citadel or wall Built thou needed none at all tion. The sound of their beautiful language has When, a glancing armament, sung in my ears from my very earliest infancy. He about thy borders went: On the sacred soil of Florence and Fiesole, before Floods of foes that round him welled, Baffled, backward, down, he quelled ! the memory of events begins, I drank in the music Erin weep, thy hero gone, of Tuscan equally with the notes of my own Unto Alba, Britain known, tongue. I can remember no hour in which every- Known to Pict and known to Dane, Famous o'er the ocean plain thing Italian was not set before me as a source Weep, but triumph! For he shall of supreme interest. Many here know Italy bet- Blaze above Death's blackest pall. ter than I do; none but a native can love her Islands of remotest reach, more.' Of the eight chapters in Dr. Everett's Utmost lands of unknown speech. Races hid in Time's far womb, book, three are devoted to Petrarch, Ariosto, and Unto these he shall untomb, Alfieri. The other five discuss an average of Shall revealed in splendor stand three poets each, from Pulci to Leopardi. In The glory of his native land. Tongue of poet, hero heart, each case the biographical and critical characteri- Till from the dry earth those depart, zation is followed by a series of representative Shall echo ever, ever name selections, given sometimes in the author's own Cuchulain's deeds, Cuchulain's fame.' translation, sometimes in that of others. The The three sections of Mr. Moore's poem, united work is luminous and vivid in style, and a delight into one fateful web, are respectively entitled to the instinct of every lover of literature. Nor * Déirdre,' 'Mève,' and 'Cuchulain.' They exploit is it made any the less delightful by the infusion with vigor and dramatic effect what is perhaps of the author's individuality, and the occasional the most familiar cycle of Celtic legend. The exhibition of a fine old crusted prejudice. We experiment is interesting and fairly successful think none the less of him for saying that from a poetical point of view, although its mate- 'Boiardo's avoidance of all melody might entitle rial must ever be alien to English modes of con- him to be named Richard Wagner,' for he takes sciousness. We can take to our hearts nearly all pains to inform us upon another page that he the forms of classical and Teutonic legend, but cares nothing for music. And so he will prob- the Celtic treasury, rich though it be, seems to ably to the end of his days cherish the delusion us a thing of remote imaginings, motives, and that the author of 'Die Meistersinger' – the agencies. most melodious of all musical creations-was WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. incapable of melody. A bit of old fogyism crops out now and then, as in the judgment of the modern fashion which thinks it high criticism to say that Homer is not the perfection of poetry, · BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. and Marmion” is not a poem at all,' or in the Dr. William Everett, at the begin- | remarks about Columbus and his contemporaries, The modern Italian poets. ning of his volume upon "The whose colonial exploits we are now so absurdly Italian Poets since Dante' (Scrib- undervaluing in order to crown with laurels the ner), makes some cogent remarks upon the recent mythical Leif and Thorwald.' But many idiosyn- English neglect of the most charming of mod- cracies may be pardoned a writer who can give ern literatures. Time was when the best English us (p. 138) the eloquent panegyric upon Milton, poets got their finest inspiration from Italian and many another purple patch revealed in these sources, and when Italian literature was known as pages. The only words we cannot quite forgive familiarly to cultivated people as French or Ger- him are those in which he speaks of the ferocity man literature is now. But that time has van- of Dante.' From the point of view of the scholar, ished, and the Italian language holds by no little exception is to be taken to this work. It is means the same place in our courses of study as true that Dr. Everett takes as unquestioned the the German, which was little more than a collec- identity of Petrarch's Laura with the wife of tion of uncouth dialects centuries after Dante, Hugh de Sade, and that he makes the amazing Petrarch, and Boccaccio had made their tongue misstatement that Carducci died last year. But the vehicle of the loftiest, the tenderest, and the in general, his book is of such a nature as to wittiest ideas.' Thus it has come about in our avoid controverted matters of fact, and is thus own day that 'many men and women would be spared the attack of the scientific critic. To say ashamed to confess ignorance of Heine and that the book is readable is to do it much less Uhland, of Victor Hugo and Verlaine, who would than justice. see no disgrace in admitting that Guarini and Dr. William J. Rolfe's new Life of Alfieri, Leopardi and Carducci, were sealed books life of Shakespeare (Estes) is not an in- to them.' Dante alone we read and know; his Shakespeare. dispensable book. It contains no successors are little more than names to us. It new material of importance, and almost no new was for the purpose of calling renewed attention inferences from the old. The author seldom pre- to this great and unduly neglected literature that sents his own views of current Shakespearian Dr. Everett prepared the course of Lowell Insti- questions except those that centre about the > The latest 50 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL sources. of it; Sonnets; and even the literary comments upon his own name. "To be anonymous in writing, the plays, in which the book unnecessarily whether private or public,' he declares, “is fre- abounds, he quotes from easily accessible quently to be unfair if not cowardly.' Mr. Hay- This is the more to be deprecated nie's own style is frank and straightforward, because a Shakespearian student of Dr. Rolfe's with no suspicion of giving aught but the truth, experience must surely have opinions that except perhaps a slight tendency to convey an are worth expressing. He cannot point out impression of intimacy with an incredible num- the ' Spenserian flavour' of The Lover's ber of celebrated persons. His pages are lavishly Complaint' except in the words of Verity and sprinkled with the names of eminent men and Malone (page 214), and he even spares himself women, access to whom has been gained by this the trouble of describing in his own language the energetic, quick-witted, and resourceful journalist Choruses of Henry, V. (p. 243). The following, and interviewer. Possibly he himself helps to on 'Love's Labour's Lost,' fairly represents his explain this when he openly acknowledges that method (p. 163): 'It is “a play of conversation “to be the chronicler of grand personages it is and situation" (Furnivall), in which "depth of not necessary that one should have ever been on characterization is subordinate to elegance and familiar terms with them, nor do we need to be sprightliness of dialogue” (Staunton).' Nor are very precise and exact as to their goings and the quoted comments always chosen with judg- comings in daily life.' But, with all the allow- ment. Baynes's silly moralizing on the ‘Bidford ance this confession calls for, the book is to be challenge' is quoted at length (pp. 102, 103) commended. It is interesting from cover to without comment, and two pages (pp. 229, 230) cover; and, while it has chiefly to do with per- are given to Grant White's 'fine writing' on sons, is free from objectionable personalities. * The Merchant of Venice.' Five pages (pp. 264- Mr. Haynie's long presidency of the Foreign 268) of quotation and comment are devoted to the Press Association of Correspondents in Paris has question whether the marriage of Benedick and brought him into contact with many persons one Beatrice was happy. Indeed, the quotation from is glad to read about, especially those of his own Hazlitt on ‘Lear' (p. 413) may not unfairly be calling What he writes about the late M. de taken to express the biographer's mistaken con- Blowitz is particularly worth reading. The ception of his task: We wish that we could author's amusing outbreak against 'that abomin- pass this play over and say nothing about it. ation called grammar' gains point from his own All that we can say must fall far short of the occasional lapses from Addisonian English, as subject, or even of what we ourselves conceive where he writes, ‘On the return of my wife and yet we must say something.' I to America. Another slip, of a dif- There is an abundance of the profitless conjec- ferent sort, occurs on the page facing Gladstone's ture that few biographers of Shakespeare have portrait, where he describes that statesman as had the good taste to avoid. Though the book clean-shaven, although the well-remembered gray was originally printed two years ago, the present whiskers are plainly visible in the picture. eprint ought certainly to have been brought up Thirty-two portraits and nine facsimiles of let- to date. The author says (p. 235) of Morgann's ters or parts of letters are given. “Essay on the Dramatic Character of Sir John Falstaff' that it is ‘unfortunately long out of Landmarks of The Scotch blood that appears from print,' though it was reprinted in Nichol the Scottish his own words to have flowed in his Smith's 'Eighteenth Century Essays on Shake- universities. veins should have made the 'Liter- speare' early in the past year. Nor does he ary Landmarks of the Scottish Universities' (Put- refer to Mr. Churton Collins's admirable discus- nam) a congenial theme to the late Laurence sion of Shakespeare's classical scholarship in his Hutton; but although this posthumous volume of recent “Studies in Shakespeare,' a discussion our lamented author is graceful and entertaining, that must henceforth be taken into consideration it is a compilation somewhat perfunctory in by anyone who would treat Shakespeare's educa- character and not beyond the capacity of almost tion and learning with intelligence. The illustra- any industrious hack-writer. With the exception tions of the book are entirely commonplace, and of a personal letter from the Rev. James Sharp, the index is incomplete. For the purpose for the information collected appears to be drawn which it was first written,- to introduce a sub- from the standard sources. Nevertheless the lit- scription edition of Shakespeare,- the biography tle book is at least a handy manual, and besides is perhaps not useless; but its republication, with history and statistics it gives many a pleasant the volumes of Halliwell-Phillips and Sidney Lee anecdote. Just why the author has assumed in accessible to everyone, seems to us quite unjusti- his readers a less than elementary knowledge of fied. English literature is not apparent. He stops to explain that James Boswell, who studied at Edin- Mr. Henry Haynie, correspondent burgh and Glasgow Universities, was the author journalist's for many journals from many of the Life of Samuel Johnson, an immortal book, reminiscences. parts of the world, but for the last and most assuredly a landmark in literature. twenty years a resident of Paris, tells us in his Furthermore, he says of Boswell that almost book of reminiscences entitled “The Captains and nothing is known of him,-and so we must try the Kings' (Stokes), that during the period just to be thankful for what he has here told us. mentioned he has written 'something like three After styling Burns 'a genius, but not altogether thousand articles, or above six millions of words,' a gentleman,' he condescendingly characterizes and that nearly every article was signed with Scott as 'a gentleman and almost a genius.' He A veteran 1905.] 51 THE DIAL For the art student and - boggles unnecessarily at the term 'ninth jubilee' qualities. The story of 'My Late Widow' per- as applied to Glasgow University's 450th birthday. plexes by its description of two separate and dis- Two or three attempts to be facetious are less similar deaths of apparently the same person, happy than might have been wished. The por- who is first drowned and then murdered. But traits and other illustrations are many and good; perhaps all things are possible in the Island of and they alone would almost suffice to make the Tranquil Delights. book worth while. “The Musician's Library,published A series for Excepting Vasari's, the only music-lovers. by the Oliver Ditson Co., and beau- known contemporary biography tifully printed at the Merrymount bibliophile. of Michelangelo is that written Press, has just been enlarged by the addition of by Ascanio Condivi, himself a painter and by five new volumes. We have described the plan repute a life-long member of the master's house- of this series in previous reviews; it is sufficient hold. Though this work has been given decided to say here that each volume has a special editor, preference over Vasari's sketch by no less an who provides a critical or biographical introdue- authority than John Addington Symonds, it tion and other helpful matter. Two of the five seems never to have appeared in satisfactory new volumes are devoted to lyrics by Richard English translation. Now the deficiency is sup- Wagner (for tenor and soprano, respectively) plied by the scholarly and fluent rendering of and have been prepared by that veteran condue- Mr. Herbert P. Horne, published in a limited tor, performer, and teacher, Mr. Carl Armbruster. .edition by Mr. D. B. Updike at the Merrymount They give us (with German and English text) Press. Something more than a translator's share the most important lyrics of the music-dramas, in the volume has been taken by Mr. Horne, for from “Rienzi' to 'Parsifal.' The soprano volume -the Montallegro' type here used for the first has in addition the "Trois Melodies' of 1840 and time is of his design, and he is responsible also the 'Fünf Gedichte' of 1857 – the latter written for the book's decorative features and general for verses by Wagner's Egeria, Mathilde Wesen - arrangement. The type is perhaps the most suc- donck. These volumes are in every way delight- vessful adaptation from the early Italian founts ful. Two other volumes, edited by Mr. Philip that has yet appeared; it is thoroughly simple Hale, are made up of songs by modern French and legible in character, with lines just heavy composers, fifty in number, arranged alphabeti- enough to avoid any effect of weakness in the cally from Bemberg to Widor. The editor's printed page. Though Mr. Updike's typograph- introduction is a thoroughly competent piece of ical tenets are usually sound, we can hardly critical work. Finally a volume containing ten subscribe to all of them. We realize that thin of Liszt's 'Hungarian Rhapsodies' is edited by spacing in type composition is essential to the Messrs. August Spanuth and John Orth. They best artistic effect; but when it is carried so are the best known of the total nineteen, but no far as to interfere with readability, as is often custom can stale their infinite variety. the case in the present volume, its virtue is de- cidedly open to question. The presswork shown Two great The special winter number of the in the book could hardly be improved upon, being cartoonists 'International Studio' (John Lane) delightfully clear and even throughout, and the of France. is devoted to the exposition and handmade paper used is excellent in quality. illustration of the work of two great French Altogether, the volume is one in which the biblio- cartoonists, Daumier and Gavarni. phile no less than the art student will rejoice. other modern French artists and draughtsmen, these two did most of their work for the illus- With Stoddard Written with his usual tropical trated comic journals, a fact which doubtless on a South luxuriance of style, Mr. Charles accounts in large measure for the small regard Warren Stoddard's Island of in which their names are held today. Critical Tranquil Delights' (Boston: Herbert B. Turner and biographical notes on Daumier are translated & Co.) is a little disappointing in its lack of sus- from an essay by M. Henri Frantz, and M. Octave tained interest and convincing reality. Fact and Uzanne. writes of Gavarni. Both essays fiction chase each other rather bewilderingly exceedingly interesting, not only in relation to through his glowing pages, and the whole effect the particular artists under discussion, but also is vague and impressionistic. A California cir- as suggesting reflections about the whole class of cus story entitled 'A Sawdust Fairy,' in which modern art-work which is being poured out in the fairy, when divested of tights and spangles, vast quantities day by day, meant solely for the is a stunted little street gamin, is the only realis- cheapest reproduction, and yet in many cases tie chapter in the book. In most of the others strong, original, expressive of salient phases of we have glamour and charm and sensuous sug- modern civilization, and deserving of more atten- gestion of things ineffable and delightful; but tion than the mere laugh it provokes at the break- this prolonged riot of the imagination wearies the fast table. The essays are after all mere intro- plain reader. Somewhat too unqualified are Mr. ductions to the plates, which include one hundred Stoddard's praises of the virtue that he finds and twenty reproductions in black and white, and accompanying the unclothed condition, and some-twenty in color and photogravure. These illus- what tiresomely frequent are his pictures of the trate every phase of the artists' genius and sea-bathing natives of his beloved Otaheite. But emphasize their fertility and versatility-partic- his fondness for the gentle savage is sincere, and ularly Gavarni's — of which the essays speak. he is not unsuccessful in depicting his attractive Incidentally the cartoons furnish a fascinating Like many Sea shore.' are 52 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL а. occur interpretation of Parisian life and manners. The which accompanied the nominations of these can- special numbers of “The Studio' are always inter- didates are here reproduced verbatim. Thus an esting, but this one is unusually unique and sug- exceedingly valuable contribution to the current gestive. political literature of the country has been made by the enthusiastic compiler. He has heretofore A handboole The title of a recent work by Prof. of Mental Edward L. Thorndike, “An Intro- prepared and published in like permanent form Statistics. the full records of each of the twelve preceding duction to the Theory of Mental national conventions of the same party. The and Social Measurement' (New York: The whole series serves to perpetuate, in the precise Science Press), may cause an exclamation of sur- language used in each convention, the history of a prise among the laity that such measurements are possible. Professor Thorndike's book is political party, in convenient form for both pub- lic and private libraries; and within its limited intended entirely for the student, and for him field, it furnishes a faithful pen-picture of the it supplies a distinctly felt want. In psychology discussions of the times. and sociology, groups of phenomena are fre- quently dealt with which express averages, rela- A beginner's Miss Mary White, known to tions, variations, correlations of sets of measure- manual of workers in basketry for her ments, from the analysis of which important con- pottery. two excellent manuals of direc- clusions are to be derived. There are well rec- tions for beginners in that craft, has now ognized principles that determine the working written book about pottery intended to up of such statistical material. These principles serve the same purpose. Like its predecessors, the student has had, until now, largely to learn How to Make Pottery' (Doubleday, Page & Co.) incidentally by precept and example. Dr. Thorn- is a clear, simple, and thoroughly practical man- dike has provided an extremely practical and ual, and will doubtless help to popularize a handi- well-planned volume, that supplies the student craft which is at present fascinating but very with both the principle and the practice of the mysterious to most persons. Miss White begins treatment of such relations as they in with a description of the tools and materials psychology and sociology. needed, then tells how to work by hand and on the potter's wheel, and how to decorate and glaze Observations It is difficult to estimate the good the pots. She also explains the general princi- of an amateur that might result from Mr. Brough. | ple of the kiln. As in the basket books, there are immigrant. ton Brandenburg's investigation of a number of excellent plates, and directions tell the immigration question, if his book on exactly how to reproduce the objects illus- 'Imported Americans.' (Stokes) should reach trated. those in authority, or even those whose interest in the subject gives them influence in matters related to it. That the immigration question still remains an important national problem, in BRIEFER MENTION. spite of all efforts made to solve it, is undisputed. People who like riddles will find plenty of mate- The most earnest efforts to provide proper laws rial on which to exercise their ingenuity in a for the exclusion of undesirable aliens, with an small volume by Miss Florence L. Sahler, entitled efficient system for securing the enforcement of 'Captain Kidd and Other Charades' (Robert Grier such laws, has resulted in little more than an Cooke). The fifty-three charades are in rhyme, and evasion of them by the least desirable emigrants. there is a key at the back of the book by means Mr. Brandenburg traces the causes of this failure of which one may discover whether or not a cor- rect answer has been arrived at. A very interesting by an investigation as thorough and complete as preface tells a little about the history of charades. it perhaps is possible to make. The two clos- This is the day of children, and it is surprising ing chapters, on 'Legislation and Evasion' and that nobody had written a book about that most “The Immigrant,' give a synopsis of what fascinating child ‘Pet Marjorie,' until the centen- has been done and what might be done in the ary of her birth suggested the idea to Mr. L. Mac- way of improving present conditions. After bean. Of course, Dr. Brown's ‘Marjorie Fleming' reading Mr. Brandenburg's book many will agree is the last, as it was almost the first, word about with him that the remedy for the evils complained Marjorie, and it was a happy thought of Mr. Mac- of might best be effected through an immigration bean or his publishers (Putnam) to incorporate this little classic in his volume. Mr. Macbean's share board in the immigrant's home-town. of the work is devoted to a fuller description of Marjorie's life and surroundings, and contains The preservation The full record of the proceed- many characteristic extracts from her journal, a of contemporary ings of the Thirteenth Republican manuscript copy of which fortunately came to light political records. National Convention, held at while the book was in preparation. Chicago on June 21, 22, and 23, 1904, has been • The Secret of Popularity, or How to Achieve published in permanent form by the compiler, Social Success' (McClure, Phillips & Co.) is an Mr. Charles W. Johnson (Minneapolis, Minn.), attempt on the part of Miss Emily Holt, author of who was the General Secretary of the Conven- the 'Encyclopædia of Etiquette,' to instruct the tion. The work is handsomely printed and bound, social non-entities, of whom the world is unfortu- nately so full, in the way to please. Miss Holt and is embellished with portraits of the principal has apparently no hesitancy in assuming that a officers of the convention and its nominees, and charming manner is as easily taught and acquired with sketches of the public careers of Messrs. as good manners. She goes about her task with Roosevelt and Fairbanks. The notable addresses vigor, system, and thoroughness, analyzing The 1905.] 53 THE DIAL 6 NOTES. a case. > ? Woman Admired by Men,' The Child We Love,' *Welcome Guests, “The Successful Hostess,' 'A Bachelor and a Gentleman,' and half dozen other types, among whom the most exacting reader should be able to find something that will fit his Messrs. Clifford & Lawton have published a port- folio entitled 'American Interior Decoration,' con- taining forty-five half-tone plates showing views of the best contemporary American interiors cor- rectly classified by periods. The pictures present a considerable variety in style and aim, tending, however, to the older and standard forms rather than to the Arts and Crafts styles so popular at present. They do not, of course, reproduce detail or color, but they make clear the general scheme of work, and they are interesting as showing what is being accomplished by American decorators. “The 'Younger American Poets,' according to Miss Jessie B. Rittenhouse's book thus entitled, are eighteen in number, eleven of them being men. We have no particular fault to find with the selec- tion, since the one serious omission, that of Mr. Moody, is explained as due to copyright considera- tions. Certainly the eighteen writers discussed are deserving of serious consideration, and Miss Ritten- house discourses upon their characteristics with intelligent appreciation. She gives us abundant, illustrative extracts as well as criticism, and her book contains a series of portraits and a biographi- cal index. Messrs. Little, Brown & Co. are the publishers. The journal of the National Educational Associa- tion for 1904 comes to us in the usual stout volume, this time having for a companion a year book with minutes, reports, and membership lists. The con tents of the volume form a veritable encyclopædia of current educational thought, and even the list of the more interesting papers is too long for us to print. It may be noted, however, that about forty of the papers have a special bearing upon th educational exhibit at St. Louis, where the meeting of last July was held, and that the num- ber of papers from foreign contributors is unusu- ally large. In the year book we have an account of the various special problems now in the hands of committees of investigation. Bayard Holmes, B.S., M.D., a well known author- ity, has prepared a book on Appendicitis and Other Diseases about the Appendix' (Appleton) which is almost in the nature of a popular work, so prevalent has the disturbance become since its definition in 1867. It is primarily addressed, of course, to students of medicine and surgery, and contains the necessary plates and directions for diagnosis and treatment. It scarcely need be said that Dr. Holmes believes emphatically in surgery as the only remedy applicable when the disease has manifested itself; and the notes of the cases that have come within his own knowledge prove that his apprehensions regarding delay are well founded. At the same time he goes far toward removing the fear of the surgeon's knife, so common every- where, by similar proof of his statement that 'Ideal appendicectomy ought not to require more than an inch-and-a-quarter incision, ten minutes of anesthesia, and four days in the hospital.' No scar remains to mark the entrance of the surgeon's knife, and in most cases the subcutaneous injec- tion of a local anesthetic suffices, it being needful to remain in bed on a light diet only one day there- after. The book contains an index and a brief bibliography, and is the first part of a larger work covering The Surgery of the Abdomen,' now in hand by the author. Messrs. Paul Elder & Co. publish "The Busi- ness Career in Its Public Relations,' by Dr. Albert Shaw, being the first lecture delivered at the Uni- versity of California upon the Weinstock founda- tion. *Forms of English Poetry,' by Dr. Charles F. Johnson, is a recent publication of the American Book Co. It is a compact little manual which teachers of English will find very useful in their work. The 'Letters of a Portuguese Nun to an Officer in the British Army,' printed in facsimile from the edition of 1817, with the addition of a bibliog- raphy, is a pretty little book that has recently come to us from the Messrs. Brentano. The Japanese Floral Calendar,' by Mr. Ernest W. Clement, is an interesting and beautifully illus- trated little volume just issued by the Open Court Publishing Co., the contents being reprinted from their monthly periodical, “The Open Court.' 'A Plea for the Historical Teaching of History,' by Mr. C. H. Firth, is published by the Oxford Clarendon Press. It gives us the author's inaugural lecture of a few weeks ago, when he assumed his new post of Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford. Two recent publications of the University of Wisconsin are "Das Sprichwort bei Hans Sachs,' by Mr. Charles Hart Handschin, and “The King's Household in England before the Norman Con- quest,' by Mr. Laurence Marcellus Larson. Both are in the form of doctoral dissertations. "The Government of Illinois,' by Mr. Evarts Boutell Greene, is a new volume in the 'Hand- books of American Government,' published by the Macmillan Co. The work is excellently done, and will earn the gratitude of teachers of civil gov- ernment throughout the schools of the State. Part II., completing the work, of Professor E. P. Cubberley's 'Syllabus of Lectures on the History of Education, is sent us by the Macmillan Co. As in the earlier section of the work, the alternate pages are left blank for the insertion of new mat- ter, and the syllabus is accompanied by selected bibliographies and suggestions for reading. There are also many quaint and interesting illustrations from old books and prints. 'A Parody Anthology,' collected by Miss Carolyn Wells, and published by Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons, is a book that includes many examples, new and old, of this form of literary diversion; and the average is surprisingly good. We are particularly glad to find here resuscitated the parodies written by Miss Phoebe Cary and those contained in Bayard Taylor's ‘Diversions of the Echo Club.' The arrangement is by victims, and there are full indexes of titles, authors, and authors parodied. It is announced by the Arthur H. Clark Co., pub- lishers of "The Philippine Islands: 1493-1898, which is being compiled and edited by Miss Emma Helen Blair and Mr. James Alexander Robertson, that Volume XXXII. and possibly a portion of Vol- ume XXXIII. of that series will contain the origi- nal Pigafetta relation of the Magellan expedition, with a page-for-page English translation. The Italian text is copied from the original manuscript in the Bibliotheca Ambrosiana, Milan, Italy, said to be the oldest Pigafetta manuscript in existence. All the peculiarities of the manuscript (which is written in the Venetian dialect of the early six- teenth century, with occasional French and Span- ish words) have been carefully preserved; and thus > 54 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL 6 6 for the first time scholars who cannot have access to the original manuscript will be enabled to have before them the words of Pigafetta, as he wrote them. To those who are unable to read the nar- rative in the original, the English translation will be of the utmost service, while the copious annota- tions should prove helpful to all. The success of 'Country Life in America' has encouraged the publishers of that periodical, Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co., to project a new magazine devoted wholly to what has been but one of the interests covered in the older publica- tion. “The Gardening Magazine, as it is called, will be confined strictly to gardening subjects. The first number, dated February, will appear about the middle of the present month. 'Recreations of an Anthologist,' by Professor Brander Matthews, is a volume of pleasant literary essays published by Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co. Among the titles are ‘Unwritten Books,' 'Amer- ican Satires in Verse,'. 'Carols of Cookery,' and * Recipes in Rhyme.' A paper on the uncollected poems of H. C. Bunner is made particularly inter- esting by its presentation of several of the more broadly comic pieces of that versatile humorist. It has been known for some time past that the late Theodore Thomas was preparing for the pub- lic an autobiographical account of his career, under the editorial supervision of his life-long friend, Mr. George P. Upton. It had not been expected, however, that the work would be ready until next Fall; and it is a gratifying surprise to learn that it is so far advanced that the publishers, Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co., are able to promise its defi- nite appearance in April. This book, as already announced, is to be called "Theodore Thomas: A Musical Autobiography,' and will consist of two large volumes—the first devoted to his life work, and the second almost entirely to programmes. It was Mr. Thomas's original intention to confine the autobiography to the musical events of his boy- hood and first public appearances, but as the work proceeded he became more and more interested, and made complete by bringing it down to the pres- ent orchestral season. The same volume will also contain an appreciation by Mr. Upton of Mr. Thomas's life as a man and work as a musician and conductor, in which much additional informa- tion will be set forth. The second volume will contain all his representative and most significant programmes from 1855 to 1905, which may be called the period of his public career, carefully edited and explained when necessary. Mr. Thomas has added interest as well as authority to this volume by contributing a series of terse essays upon vari, ous musical subjects of interest to the general public hardly less than to the musician. LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 90 titles, includes books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] HISTORY. HISTORICAL MYSTERIES. By Andrew Lang. With photo- gravure portrait, 8vo, uncut, pp. 304. Longmans, Green & Co. $2.50 net. HEATH'S MEMOIRS OF THE AMERICAN WAR. Reprinted from the original edition of 1798. Edited by Rufus Rock- well Wilson. 8vo, uncut, pp. 435. A. Wessels Co. $2.50 net. THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE. By James Bryce, D.C.L. New edition; enlarged and revised throughout. 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 575. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net. INDIAN FIGHTS AND FIGHTERS: The Soldier and the Sioux. By Cyrus Townsend Brady, LL.D. Illus., 8vo, pp. 423. McClure, Phillips & Co. $1.30 net. EARLY WESTERN TRAVELS, 1748-1846. Edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites. Vol. X., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 357. The Arthur H, Clark Co. $4. net. THE NAPOLEON MYTH. By Henry Ridgely Evans. Illus., large 8vo, pp. 65. Chicago : Open Court Publishing Co. LA MAISON D'ALBE et les Archives Colombiennes. Par M. Henry Vignaud. 4to, uncut, pp. 18. Paris: Au Siège de la Société. GENERAL LITERATURE. THE SHADE OF THE BALKANS : Being a collection of Bul- garian Folk-Songs and Proverbs, Here First Rendered into English, with an Essay on Bulgarian Popular Poetry and Another on the Origin of the Bulgars. Svo, uncut, pp. 328. London: David Nutt. STORIES AND SKETCHES OF JAPAN. By Lafacadio Hearn. In 4 vols., comprising: Exotics and Retrospectives, In Ghostly Japan, Shadowings, and A Japanese Miscel- lany. 12mo, Little, Brown & Co. Per vol., $1.25. INAUGURAL ADDRESSES of the Presidents of the United States from Washington to Lincoln. Edited by John Vance Cheney. With photogravure portrait, 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 300. Chicago: The Lakeside Press. MAKERS OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC: A Series of Patriotic Addresses. By David Gregg, D.D., Hon. W. W. Good- rich, and Dr. Sidney H. Carney, Jr. New and enlarged edition. With frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 527. E. B. Treat & Co. $2. NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. COMPLETE POETICAL WORKS OF SHELLEY : Including mate- rials never before printed in any edition of the poems. Edited by Thomas Hutchinson. With portrait, 8vo, uncut, pp. 1023. Oxford University Press. THE LETTERS OF HORACE WALPOLE, Fourth Earl of Orford. Chronologically arranged and edited by Mrs. Toynbee. Vols. IX. to XII., 1774-1783. With photogravure por- traits, 12mo, gilt tops, uncut. Oxford University Press. Sold only in sets of 16 vols., at $27. net. NOVELS AND STORIES OF IVAN TURGENIEFF. Newly trans. from the Russian by Isabel F. Hapgood. Vol. XIV., The Brigadier and Other Stories; Vol. XV., Spring Freshets and Other Stories; Vol. XVI., A Desperate Character and Other Stories; completing the set. Each with photogravure frontispiece, 8vo, gilt top, uncut. Charles Scribner's Sons. (Sold only in sets by sub- scription.) THE JOURNAL TO ELIZA and Various Letters. By Lau- rence Sterne and Elizabeth Draper; with introduction by Wilbur L. Cross. Illus. with etchings, 8vo, gilt top, uncut, PP. 287. J. F. Taylor & Co. THE JOURNAL TO STELLA, with Other Writings relating to Stella and Vanessa. By Jonathan Swift, D.D.; with notes by Sir Walter Scott. With photogravure frontis- piece, 18mo, gilt top, pp. 713. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net. THE TRAVELS OF MARCO POLO. The translation of Mars- den revised by Thomas Wright, F.S.A. With photo- gravure frontispiece, 18mo, gilt top, pp. 461. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net. THE EARLY ITALIAN Poets, together with Dante's Vita Nuova. Trans. by D. G. Rossetti. With photogravure frontispiece, 18mo, gilt top, pp. 351. Charles Scrib- ner's Sons. $1.25 net. BOOKS OF VERSE. CASSIA, and Other Verse. By Edith M. Thomas. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 89. R. G. Badger. $1.50. LOVE SONNETS TO ERMINGARDE. By Edward O. Jackson. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 60. R. G. Badger. $1. SOEUR MARIE: A Poem. By Mary Randall Shippey. With portrait, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 96. New York : Robert Grier Cooke. THE PATH O' DREAMS. By Thomas S. Jones, Jr. 12mo, uncut, pp. 47. R. G. Badger. $1. PRAIRIE BREEZES. By James W. Foley. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 103. R. G. Badger $1.25. INCENSE. By Levi Gilbert, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 118. Jennings & Graham. 75 cts. net. THE RUBAIYAT OF OMAR CAYENNE. By Gelett Burgess. 16mo, pp. 31 F. A. Stokes Co. Paper, 25 cts. BIOGRAPHY. THEODORE WATTS-DUNTON, Poet, Novelist, Critic: А Biographical and Critical Study. By James Douglas. Illus. in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 481. John Lane. $3.50 net. LIFE OF THOMAS HART BENTON. By William M. Meigs. With photogravure portrait, 8yo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 535. J. B. Lippincott Co. $2. net. THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH, R.A. By A. E. Fletcher. Illus. in photogravure, etc., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 236. • Makers of British Art. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net. BRAVEST OF THE BRAVE: Captain Charles de Langlade. By Publius V. Lawson, LL.B. Illus., 12mo, pp. 257. Published by the author at Menasha, Wis. 1 1905.] 55 THE DIAL FICTION. WALTER FIETERSE: A Story of Holland. By Multatuli (Eduard Douwes Dekker); trans. by Hubert Evans, Ph.D. With portrait, 12mo, PP. 303. New York: Friderici & Gareis. $1.50. THE FIRST STONE, and Other Stories. By W. T. Washburn. 12mo, pp. 217. R. F. Fenno & Co. $1. A ROSE OF NORMANDY. By William R. A. Wilson. Pop- ular edition ; with frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 379. Little, Brown & Co. 75 cts. STEALTHY STEVE: A Satirical Detective Story. By Newton Newkirk. Illus., 16mo, pp. 172. Boston: John W. Luce & Co. 75 cts. TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION. LITERARY GEOGRAPHY. By William Sharp. Illus., 4to, gilt top, uncut, pp. 248. Charles Scribner's Sons. $3.50 net. THE HEART OF A CONTINENT: A Narrative of Travels in Manchuria across the Gobi Desert, through the Him- alayas, the Pamirs, and Hunza, 1884-1894. By. Col. Francis Edward Younghusband, C.I.E. New edition, revised. Illus. in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 332. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. net. RELIGION. ON HOLY GROUND: Bible Stories, with Pictures of Bible Lands. By William L. Worcester. Illus., large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 492. J. B. Lippincott Co. $3. net. TALES TOLD IN PALESTINE. Collected by J. E. Hanauer ; edited, with illustrations, by H. G. Mitchell. 8vo, pp. 221. Jennings & Graham. $1.25 net. TEMPLE SERIES OF BIBLE HANDBOOKS. New vols.: Con- nection between Old and New Testaments, by Rev. George Milne Rea, D.D.; St. John and his Work, by Rev. Canon Benham, D.D. Each with frontispiece, 24mo. J. B. Lippincott Co. SOCIOLOGY AND ECONOMICS. MODERN METHODS OF CHARITY: An Account of the Sys- tems of Relief, Public and Private, in the Principal Countries having Modern Methods. By Charles Rich- mond Henderson, assisted by others. Large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 715. Macmillan Co. $3.50 net. ECONOMIC METHOD AND ECONOMIC FALLACIES. By William Warrand Carlile, M.A. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 284. Longmans, Green & Co. $3. net. SCIENCE AND NATURE. HOUSE, GARDEN, AND FIELD: A Collection of Short Nature Studies. By C. Miall, F.R.S. Illus., 12mo, uncut, pp. 316. Longmans, Green & Co. $2. MODERN THEORY OF PHYSICAL PHENOMENA : Radio-Activity, Ions, Electrons. By_Augusto Righi; authorized trans- lation by Augustus Trowbridge. 12mo, pp. 165. Mac- millan Co. $1.10 net. LIFE AND ENERGY: An Attempt at a New Definition of Life, with Applications to Morals and Religion. By Walter Hibbert, F.I.C. 12mo, uncut, pp. 182. Longmans, Green & Co. $1. TWENTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT of the Bureau of Ameri- can Ethnology, 1899-1900. By J. W. Powell. Illus. in color, etc., 4to, pp. 360. Government Printing Office. TWENTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT of the Bureau of Ameri- can Ethnology, 1900-1901. By J. W. Powell. Illus. in color, etc., 4to, pp. 320. Government Printing Office. BOOKS OF REFERENCE. FAITH AND FOLKLORE: A Dictionary of National Beliets, Superstitions, and Popular Customs, Past and Current, with their Classical and Foreign Analogues. By W. Carew Hazlitt. In 2 vols., illus., large 8vo, gilt tops. Charles Scribner's Sons. $6. net. PAPERS OF JAMES MONROE. Listed in Chronological Order from the Original Manuscripts in the Library of Con. gress. Compiled under the direction of Worthington Chauncey Ford. Illus., large 8vo, uncut, pp. 114. Government Printing Office. A THOUSAND OF THE Best Novels. Compiled by the New- ark Free Public Library. 12mo, pp. 48. Published by the Library. Paper. SELECT LIST OF REFERENCES ON IMPEACHMENT. Compiled under the direction of A. P. C. Griffin. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 16. Government Printing Office. Paper. ART AND MUSIC. MEDIAEVAL ART, from the Peace of the Church to the Eve of the Renaissance, 312-1350. By W. R. Lethaby. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 315. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. net. VERROCHIO. By Maud Crutt well. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 264. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. net. THE STORY OF ART THROUGHOUT THE Ages: An Illus- trated Record. By S. Reinach; trans, from the French by Florence Simmonds. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 316. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. net. DAUMIER AND GAVARNI. With critical and biographical notes by Henri Frantz and Octave Uzanne; edited by Charles Holme. Illus. in photogravure, color, etc., 4to, uncut. John Lane. $3. net. MODERN FRENCH SONGS, Edited by Philip Hale. In 2 vols., 4to. • Musician's Library.' Oliver Ditson Co. $5. MAKERS OF SONG. By Anna Alice Chapin. 12mo, pp. 339. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.20 net. THE STORY OF THE VIOLIN. By Paul Stoeving. Illus. in photogravure, etc., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 324. Music Story Series.' Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net. ON COLLECTING ENGRAVINGS, Pottery, Porcelain, Glass, and Silver. By Robert Elward. 16mo, uncut, pp. 90. Long- mans, Green & Co. 75 cts. net. EDUCATION-BOOKS FOR SCHOOL AND COLLEGE. THE CHILD: His Thinking, Feeling, and Doing. By Amy Eliza Tanner. 12mo, pp. 430. Rand, McNally & Co. $1.25. SEVEN LAMPS FOR THE TEACHER'S WAY. By Frank A. 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American Book Co. 50 cts. A FIRST BOOK OF ALGEBRA. By John W. Hopkins and P. H. Underwood. 12mo, pp. 245. Macmillan Co. 50 cts. CYR GRADED ART READERS. By Ellen M. Cyr. Book Two; illus., 12mo, pp. 136. Ginn & Co. VALDE'S LOS PURITANOS, y otros Cuentos. Edited by W. T. Faulkner, A. M. 12mo, pp. 103. Wm. R. Jenkins. Paper, 50 cts. THE RIVERSIDE GRADED SONG BOOK, Part Two. By Will- iam M. Lawrence. 8vo, pp. 168. Houghton, Miffin & Co. 40 cts. net. MEISSNER'S AUS DEUTSCHEN LANDEN. Edited by Josefa Schrakamp. 16mo, pp. 196. Henry Holt & Co. 35 cts. net. MACAULAY'S ESSAY ON ADDISON. Edited by Charles Flint McClumpha, Ph.D. With portrait, 18mo, pp. 184. American Book Co. 35 cts. SELECTED POEMS OF ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING. Edited by Elizabeth Lee. With portrait, 16mo, pp. 173. Ginn & Co. 30 cts. MACMILLAN'S РосКЕТ CLASSICS. New vols. : Keary's Heroes of Asgard, revised and abridged by Charles H. Morss; Out of the_Northland, by Emilie Kip Baker; Grimm's Fairy Tales, selected and edited by James H. Fassett; Scott's The Talisman, edited by Frederick Treudley, A. B.; Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, edited by Clifton Johnson. Each with frontispiece, 24mo. Macmillan Co. Per vol., 25 cts. NEW SECOND MUSIC READER. By James M. McLaughlin and W. W. Gilchrist. 8vo, pp. 122. Ginn & Co. 30 cts. net. MISCELLANEOUS. THE TOWER OF PELEE: New Studies of the Great Volcano of Martinique. By Angelo Heilprin, F.R.G.S. Illus., large 4to, pp. 100. J. B. Lippincott Co. $3. net. HISTORY OF AMERICAN STEAM NAVIGATION. By John H. Morrison. Illus., large 8vo, pp. 635. New York : W. F. Sametz & Co. $4. net. DESCRIPTIONS OF MARYLAND. By Bernard C. Steiner. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 95. Johns Hopkins University Press. Paper. REMINISCENCES OF THE HOBOKEN ACADEMY. By Robert Waters. Ilus., 18mo, pp. 70. E. Steiger & Co. Paper. 56 [Jan. 16, 1905. THE DIAL uthors' Agency WANTED EDITING, INDEXING, CATALOGUING, INVESTI- 1 THIRTEENTH YBAR. Candid, suggestive GATING, proofreading, correcting and typewriting of manu- Criticism, literary and technical Re- scripts, any kind of bibliographical work, by an experienced young vision, Advice, Disposal. woman, college graduate. Address E. G., care of THE DIAL. REFERENCES : Hezekiah Butterworth, Mrs. Burton Harrison, W. D. Howells, Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, Thomas Nelson FOR ANY BOOK ON EARTH write to H. H. TIMBY, Page, Mary E. Wilkins, and others. Book Hunter. Catalogues free. 1st Nat. Bank Bldg., Conneaut, 0. Send stamp for Booklet to WM. A. DRESSER, Mention The Dial. R. 7, 400 Broadway, Cambridge, Mass. BOOKS. ALL OUT-OF-PRINT BOOKS SUPPLIED, no matter on what subject. Write us. We can get you any book ever published. Please state wants. Catalogue free. 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Une petite Comédie en français, nouvelle, amusante, et facile à jouer. arrangée pour les écoles américaines : HANDY VOLUME CLASSICS La Consultation Used by schools and colleges everywhere. 155 volumes, (pour Jeunes filles) pocket size. List prices, cloth, 35 cents per volume; Mailed, 25 cents. EDWARD ROTH, 1135 Pine St., PHILADELPHIA. limp leather, 75 cents per volume. (Special prices to STUDY AND PRACTICE OF FRENCH in 4 Parts schools and colleges.) Send for Catalogue. L. C. BONAME, Author and Pub., 1930 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. THOMAS Y. CROWELL & CO., New York Well-graded series for Preparatory Schools and Colleges. No time wasted in superficial or mechanical work. French Teri: Numerous exercises in conversation, translation, composition. Part I. (60 cts.): Primary grade ; thorough drill in Pronunciation. Part II. (90 cts.): REJECTED MSS. Edited, Published Intermediate grade; Essentials of Grammar; 4th edition, revised, with Vocabulary: most carefully graded. Part 111. 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Pumber 307 Fifth Ave., New York Tel., 3 Madison Square Cable Address, "Jocafelin" THE DIAL PRESS, FINE ARTS BUILDING, CHICAGO 1905.] 57 THE DIAL IMPORTANT LIBRARY BOOKS u Lahontan's “New Voyages To North America This noteworthy new publication in the McClurg Americana Series, several times delayed by the magni- tude of the enterprise, is now definitely announced for February 25. It will be uniform with the “Lewis and Clark" and the “ Hennepin.” An exact reprint of the English edition of 1703. With an Introduction, Notes, and analytical Index, by Reuben Gold Thwaites, LL.D., and Bibliography by Victor H. Paltsits, facsimiles of original title-pages and of the original maps and illustrations. Two volumes, square 8vo, about 750 PP., boxed. $7.50 net. The Illini Florence in the Poetry of the Brownings A most important reference book, as there are many instances where library patrons desire to identify conclusively the subjects treated in the famous Browning poems dealing with Florence. 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The work has deservedly won the Highest Distinction of Merit that the World Can Bestow NOTABLE DEPARTMENTS Upward of 100,000 Words and Definitions Pronouncing Biographical Dictionary 6,000 Encyclopedic Subjects Treated in Gazetteer of the World Appendixes Dictionary of Biblical, Classical, Mythological All New and Recently Coined Words and Historical Names Defined Musical and Legal Terms 762 pages; 900 Illustrations of all kinds Medical Words and Symbols 26 full-page Charts and Diagrams Scientific Etymology Six Colored Plates Foreign Phrases, Abbreviations Size, 6x8 in. 1 5-8 in. thick. Weight, 2 1-4 lbs. The Only Dictionary Ever Published Containing 27 SPECIAL COPYRIGHTED FEATURES lovaluable for Teachers, Students, Lawyers, Stenographers, Literary and Professional People. Endorsed by Educators, Press and Public Everywhere. LIBRARY EDITION ENCYCLOPEDIC EDITION SCHOOL EDITION 762 pages. Over 900 illustrations. 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For sale at all bookstores, by all jobbers, news companies and school-book supply dealers, or sent direct, on receipt of price, by the publishers, LAIRD & LEE 263-265 Wabash Avenue CHICAGO, U. S. A. 64 [Feb. 1, THE DIAL NEW BOOKS SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE The Essays of Sir Leslie Stephen Authorized American Edition. To be complete in 11 Volumes. Lovers of the best literature will be gratified to learn that a complete edition of the essays of Sir Leslie Stephen is now in preparation. The first of the series now ready is I. Hours in a Library Four volumes. Handsomely printed from new type. 12mo. Gilt tops, net $6.00. "There is little critical writing in the English language that can be compared with these essays for keenness and breadth of view. One may search far and wide before finding estimates more discriminating, penetrating, and withal judicial. His essays are most instructive and delightful.” — Literary World. In Press: II. Free Thinking and Plain Speaking. 1 vol. 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A consideration of Webster's arguments on questions of consti- tutional and international law. Constantine the Great And the Reorganization of the Em- pire and the Triumph of the Church By J. B. FIRTH, B.A. 12mo. Illustrated, net $1.35. (By mail, $1.50.) No. 39 in Heroes of the Nations French Classics for English Readers Edited by ADOLPH COHN, LL.B., A.M., and CURTIS HIDDEN PAGE, Ph.D. I. Rabelais Including all the best chapters of his famous “Romance of Gargantua and Pantagruel.” (Version of Urquhart and Motteux.) 1 vol. 8vo. $2.00 net. SEND FOR CIRCULAR A History of English Furniture From the beginning of the Tudor Times down to the last of the Georges By PERCY MACQUOID To be in 20 folio parts — each, net $2.50. 2 parts now ready. The work is divided into these periods : 1. The Age of Oak. 3. The Age of Mahogany. 2. The Age of Walnut. 4. The Composite Age. SEND POR C