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BALZAC COMÉDIE HUMAINE, ESSAYS, DRA: HAWTHORNE A NEW PRINTING OF NA-
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1905.]
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[Feb. 1,
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Books for Good Libraries
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By WILLIAM Z. RIPLEY
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THE CHURCH CRISIS IN SCOTLAND. By A. TAYLOR INNES and
the Rev. JOHN WATSON, D.D.
THE CHRIST OF DOGMA AND OF EXPERIENCE. W. A. PICKARD
CAMBRIDGE, Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford.
A PLEA FOR MYSTICISM. The Rev. G. W. ALLEN, Vicar of St.
James's, Bradford.
THE WARP OF THE WORLD. NEWMAN HOWARD.
THE UNIVERSE AND BEYOND; The Existence of the Hypercosmic.
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MIND AND MATTER: A Criticism of Prof. Heckel. Sir OLIVER
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THE NEW SAYINGS OF JESUS AND THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM.
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ON THE INNER MEANING OF LIBERAL THEOLOGY. The Rev.
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1905.]
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66
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THE YOUNGER AMERICAN POETS. By JESSIE B. RITTERHOUSE.
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ROMA BEATA. Letters from the Eternal City. By MAUD
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THE MONROE DOCTRINE. By T. B. EDGINGTON, A M., of the
Memphis Bar. 8vo, $3.00 not.
THE LITTLE BOOK OF LIFE AFTER DEATH. By Gustav
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cloth, $1.00.
PRAYERS OFFERED IN THB SENATE OF THE UNITED
STATES IN THE WINTER SESSION OF 1904. By EDWARD
E. HALE, Chaplain. 16mo, $1.00 net.
KENNEL SECRETS. How to Breed, Exhibit, and Manage
Dogs. By "ASHMONT." New Edition. Illustrated. 8vo, $3.00 net.
A SHORT CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF THE UNITED
STATES. By FRANCIS NEWTON THORPE. 12mo, cloth, $1.75 net.
FOOD AND COOKERY FOR THE SICK AND CONVALES-
CENT. By Fannis MERRITT FARMER. With 60 illustrations in
hall-tone. 12mo, $1.50 net.
GEORGE ELIOT. By MATHILDE BLIND. New Illustrated Edition.
With additional material by Frank Waldo, Ph.D., and G. A. Turk-
ington, M.A. 12mo, $1.25.
LAURA BRIDGMAN. Dr. Howe's Famous Pupll and What
He Taught Her. By Maud Howe and FLORENCE Howe HALL.
New Popular Edition. Illustrated. Crown 8ro, $1.50.
THB OLD MASTERS AND THEIR PICTURES. By SABAR
TYTLER. New Nlustrated Edition. With 20 full-page illustrations.
12mo, $2.00.
THE INTELLECTUAL LIFE. By PHILIP GILBERT HAMERTON.
New Illustrated Edition. 12mo, cloth, $1.75.
IN GHOSTLY JAPAN. Exotics and Retrospectives, Shadow-
ings, A Japanese Miscellany. By LAPCADIO HEARN. New
Popular Edition. 4 vols. Illustrated. 16mo, $1.25 each.
HANDY LIBRARY EDITIONS OF STANDARD NOVELISTS
GEORGE SAND'S NOVELS. With frontispieces. 10 vols. 12mo, LA COMEDIE HUMAINE OF HONORE DE BALZAC. With
cloth, $10.00; half crushed morocco, $27.50.
photogravure frontispieces. 39 vols. 12mo, decorated, $39.00;
half crushed morocco, $107.25. (sold only in sets).
SAMUEL LOVER'S NOVELS. With frontispieces. 4 vols. 12mo,
cloth, $4.00; half crushed morocco, $11.00.
TEN THOUSAND A YEAR. By SAMUEL WARREN. Unabridged
Edition. With frontispieces. 3 vols. 12mo, cloth, gilt top, $3.00;
BULWER'S POEMS AND DRAMAS. 1 vol. Cloth, gilt top, $1.00. hall crushed morocco, $8.25.
FICTION
SUSAN CLEGG AND HER FRIEND MRS. LATHROP. By WOMAN'S WILL. By ANNE WARNER. Illustrated. 12mo, $1.50.
ANNE WARNBR. Frontispiece. 12mo, $1.00.
BY THE GOOD SAINTB ANNE. A Story of Modern Quebec. By
PAINTED SHADOWS. By RICHARD LE GALLIENNE. 12mo, $1.50. ANNA CHAPIN RAY. Illustrated. 12mo, $1.25.
THE PRINCess THORA. By HARRIS BURLAND. Illustrated.
LIFE AND DEATH AND OTHER LEGENDS AND STORIES.
12mo, $1.50.
By HENRYK SIENKIEWICZ. Translated by Jeremiah Curtin. 16mo,
Sweet Peday. By LINNIE SARAR HARRIS. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
$1.50.
THE NORTH STAR. A Tale of Norway in the Tenth Century. By
THE WOLVERINE: A Romance of Early Michigan. By M. E. HENRY-RUFFIN. Ilustrated. 12mo, $1.50.
ALBERT L LAWRENCE. Illustrated. 12mo, $1.50.
THE WOOD CARVER OF 'LYMPUS. By M. E. WALLER. With
THE GOLDEN WINDOWS. By LAURA E. RICHARDS. New Pop- frontispiece. 12mo, $1.50.
ular Edition. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
ANNA, THE ADVENTURESS. By E. PHILLIPS OPPENHEIM. Illus-
THB VIKING'S SKULL. By JOHN R. CARLING. Illustrated, trated. 12mo, $1.50.
12mo, $1.50.
THB EFFENDI. A Romance of the Soudan. By FLORENCE BROOKS
THE RAINBOW CHASERS. A Story of the Plains. By John H. WHITEHOUSE. Illustrated. 12mo, $1.50.
WHITson. Illustrated. $1.50.
THE QUEEN OF QUELPARTE. A Story of Russian Intrigue in
WHERE The Tide CoMES IN. By LUCY MEACHAN THRUSTON. the Far East. By ARCHER BUTLER HULBERT. New Edition. Illus-
Illustrated. 12mo, $1.50.
trated. 12mo, $1.50.
ILLUSTRATED JUVENILES
NATHALIE'S SISTER. By ANNA CHAPIN RAY. 12mo, $1.50. IN THE MIZ. By GRACE E. WARD. Illustrated in color. 8vo, $1.50.
IRMA AND NAP. By HELEN LEAH REED. 12mo, $1.25.
THE NURSERY FIRE. By ROSALIND RICHARDS. Small 4to, $1.50.
THE BOY CAPTIVE OF OLD DEERFIELD. By MARY P. WELLS
THE ALLEY CAT'S KITTEN. By CAROLINE M. FULLER. 12mo,
SMITH. 12mo, $1 25.
$1.50.
EIGHT COUSINS, and ROSE IN BLOOM. By LOUISA M. Alcott.
THE MYSTERIOUS BEACON LIGHT. The Adventures of Four
New Illustrated Editions. Crown 8vo, $2.00 each.
Boys in Labrador. By GEORGE E. WALSA. 12mo, $1.50.
STORIES OF DISCOVERY TOLD BY DISCOVERERS, and
THE STORY OF ROLF AND THE VIKING'S BOW, By ALLEN
STORIES OF ADVENTURE TOLD BY ADVENTURERS.
FRENCH. 12mo, $1.50.
By EDWARD EVERETT HALE. Now Editions. 12mo, $1.25 each.
THE WHITE CRYSTALS. By HOWARD R. GARIS. 12mo, $1.50.
THE CHILD AT PLAY. By CLARA MURRAY. Illustrated in color.
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T SEND FOR COMPLETE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE
LITTLE, BROWN, & co., Publishers, 254 Washington St., Boston


72
[Feb. 1, 1905.
THE DIAL
Important New Macmillan Publications
>
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Volume III. The Wars of Religion
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Vol. VII. THE UNITED STATES
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Labor Problems A Text Book by
THOMAS SEWALL ADAMS, Ph. D.,
and
HELEN L. SUMNER, A. B.,
Assistant Professor of Political Economy
Honorary Fellow in Political Economy
in the University of Wisconsin.
in the University of Wisconsin.
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THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, Publishers, 66 Fifth Ave., New York


THE DIAL
A Semi - Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
1
MODERN LIBRARY WORK: ITS AIMS
AND ITS ACHIEVEMENTS.
AS SUGGESTED BY THR ST. LOUIS CONFERENCE OF
THE AMERICAN LIBRARY A88OCIATION.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in adrance, postage
prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries
comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must
be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the
current number. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by erpress or
postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO Clubs and
for subscriplions with other publications will be sent on application;
and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATEs furnished
on application. All communications should be addressed to
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER.
No. 447.
FEBRUARY 1, 1905. Vol. XXXVIII.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
MODERN LIBRARY WORK: ITS AIMS AND ITS
ACHIEVEMENTS. Ernest Cushing Richardson 73
BIBLIOGRAPHY IN AMERICA. William Coolidge
Lane.
76
•
.
THEODORE WATTS-DUNTON. William Morton
Payne
78
THE STORY OF OUR NATIONAL LIBRARY.
Aksel G. S. Josephson
81
OUR INTIMATE FRIEND, MICHAEL DE
MONTAIGNE. Mary Augusta Scott .
82
THE LUXURIES OF ANTIQUARIANISM. Frederic
Ives Carpenter
85
WHAT MAY WE BELIEVE? T. D. A. Cockerell 86
.
The work of the recent St. Louis conference
of the American Library Association perhaps
does not form so good a basis for a general
summing up of the aims and achievements of
modern library work in America as might some
of the previous conferences; but as strongly
emphasizing many of the highest of these aims
and tendencies, it was unequalled in the annals
of the Association. It was intended, as Presi-
dent Putnam said in his opening address, to
deal at this meeting with the larger phases of
the library movement; to the neglect, if neces-
sary, of the customary discussions of practical
detail. The cosmopolitan character of the
attendance and the scientific elevation of the
themes gave to all the work a character that
fairly represents the increasing breadth and
elevation of modern library aims in general.
One of the chief ideals of modern library
work, as of all economic and social life, is
coöperation. No bibliothecal body has ever
.
emphasized and developed this fundamental
social aim as has the American Library Associ-
ation, - not forgetting the work of the Royal
Society or the Institut de Bibliographie. Its
achievements in this line are well known, - the
Poole's Index and its successors and imitators;
the standardization of methods in cataloguing,
and in cards and other materials; the adoption
of the metrical system of measurements; the
publication of catalogue cards, coöperative lists
of periodicals, the ‘A.L.A.' Catalogue, and so on.
The St. Louis conference showed much coöpera-
tive work, of one sort or another, being done in
Prussia, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, Austria,
Belgium, France, and Great Britain, and the
cosmopolitan character of modern library aims
was illustrated by such results of coöperation
on an international scale as the International
Catalogue of Scientific Literature, the Zürich
Index, and the work of the Institut de Bibli-
ographie, by the proposals to extend interna-
tional catalogues to official literature, historical
periodicals, and manuscripts, and by the Hand-
book of Learned Societies. It took concrete
form in two proposals for organized interna-
tional coöperation, on both of which special
committees were appointed : Mr. Jast's propo-
sition from the Library Association of the
United Kingdom for coöperation with the
88
WANDERINGS OVER FOUR CONTINENTS.
Wallace Rice .
Murray's On the Old Road through France to
Florence. — Maxwell's The Log of the Griffin.
Higinbotham's Three Weeks in Europe.-Watson's
Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. — Ganz's
The Land of Riddles. — Crockett's Raiderland.
Aflalo's The Truth about Morocco. — Farman's
Along the Nile with General Grant. - Sykes's
Dar-ul-Islam.-Greer's By Nile and Euphrates. —
Goodrich-Freer's Inner Jerusalem. — Carter's The
Kingdom of Siam. - Edwards's In to the Yukon.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
A manual for the library assistant.--More students'
search-lights on Japan. — The theory of organic
evolution. — Some noteworthy Atlantic essays.-
Wellington, and England's military power. А
new Oriental Rug-book. — A biography of the
mind.- Untrustworthy information about Italy.-
A Dictionary of the Drama.-The latest biography
of Lincoln.
-
91
BRIEFER MENTION .
95
NOTES
96
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS
97
.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
97


74
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
‘A. L. A.' in establishing uniform cataloguing The aim to secure the best reading was typically
rules, and the suggestion of President Putnam illustrated by the A. L. A.' Catalogue, dis-
and President Francis for the affiliation of the tributed at this time. The modern library idea
library associations of Europe and America. is to guide the reader, and especially to guide
The most significant recent result of coöper- the librarian who is to guide the reader, to the
ation is undoubtedly the published catalogue best literature. To this end there are now
card, as developed especially by the Library of many publications issued each year intended
Congress, the John Crerar Library, and the to aid in the selection of books, but the new
Publishing Board of the ‘A. L. A.' Librarians ‘A. L. A. Catalogue, whatever may be said in
are no longer tolerant of the economic waste of criticism of its details, stands as the type and
expending over and over again the expert work personification of the spirit of helpfulness in
required in cataloguing, and the mechanical selection that is one of the definite aims of
work in reduplicating cards by manuscript. The modern library work. Other straws pointing in
present aim is to relegate manuscript work in the same direction were the appointment of a
cataloguing to the same position now occupied committee to coöperate with Mr. Thompson in
by manuscript processes in the production of the preparation of his work on fiction, and
books. Two indications of aim and achieve- in the demand of the library commissions for
ment in this field are Mr. Lane's proposal of special select lists to be used in their work.
coöperation to supplement existing card publi- In its efforts to serve the largest number,
cation, and the announcement that printed modern library work has taken on an immense
cards for all the titles in the new 'A. L. A.' number of secondary aims and activities, many
Catalogue would be distributed by the Library of which were in evidence at St. Louis. The
of Congress. The significance of this latter modern aspect of this general aim may be said
plan lies in the fact that it affords a method to be this: to educate continuously every mem-
of utilizing card publication by the small ber of the community. This purpose takes the
library, whereas this system has hitherto been special form of (1) coöperation with the work
chiefly of advantage to the large libraries. of the schools, and (2) continuing the work of
Another more or less distinctively modern the school from the point where the school
aim of American library workers is to encour- lays it down, and carrying it to the end of life.
age scientific bibliography — that most impor- This has become one of the most generally
tant aid to the librarian's work. This idea was recognized aims, and has been the inspiration
indicated at the St. Louis conference by the of much of the best and most aggressive work
formation in connection with the meeting of in the popular library field. It was mentioned
the Association, and largely from among its by Mr. Dewey, the most untiring promoter of
members, of the American Bibliographical Soci- the conception, and was implied by the work
ety. The membership and officers of this new of the library commissions.
organization are such as point most encourag- Another modern aspect of this aim to serve
ingly to marked results in the bibliographical the largest number was illustrated by the spe-
field.
cial exhibit at St. Louis of the Pennsylvania
One of the most significant movements in Free Circulating Library for the Blind. This
modern scientific library administration in exhibit is a type of the tendency to provide for
America was represented at St. Louis in the the special needs of every worthy class in the
meeting of the state librarians. When the 'A. community, and makes evident the remarkable
L. A.' was formed, and for ten years afterward, progress in recent years in the provision for
there were hardly half a dozen librarians in this particular class by the public libraries.
America to whom the word 'archive' meant The purpose to provide for every class and
anything practical. Today archival science is condition of men has its counterpart in a grow-
developed to a high degree in many states. To ing tendency to provide all sorts and conditions
the careful observer of library progress there of things for all. Musical scores are now sup-
are few achievements in American library work plied in many libraries, and Mr. Dewey's
so valuable in themselves and so promising of address on the limits of state aid advocated the
future scientific usefulness as that of which purchase of pictures, lantern-slides, perforated
Mr. Owen's work in Alabama is perhaps the rolls for mechanical music, etc. While this idea
best type, but which is now being done in many opened the way to some pleasantries about
states,
enriching the repertory of the organ-grinder,
Perhaps, after all, most of the indications and a pretended fear that the principle would
of achievement brought out at the St. Louis lead to rivalry with the pawn-shop, it repre-
meeting might be grouped as efforts tending to sented a recognized aim to serve every man's
promote the familiar triple aim, “the best read- peculiar intellectual need through the medium
ing, for the largest number, at the least cost.' of the library
th


1905. ]
75
THE DIAL
its
Still another aspect of this aim to serve the success in the way of serving the greatest
many may be found in the so-called missionary number.
work of pushing out the library frontiers by The problem of how to secure at the least
the founding of new collections. This mission- cost all the worthy objects touched upon in the
ary spirit in modern library work permeates foregoing statements is one that gives the mod-
radically the whole atmosphere; modern libra- ern library worker a great deal of concern.
rians are irrepressible expansionists. The best Low cost to the individual user must, in the
result of this spirit is shown in the work of the last analysis, be inseparable from economy of
state library commissions. A league of these administration. It is true that profuseness of
commissions was formed at this conference and state or municipal aid does not involve any
active steps are being taken to promote its direct expense to the non-tax-paying reader,
work. The same spirit was also especially indi- who is perhaps in the majority. But such pro-
cated at St. Louis by the decision to hold the fuseness, if not
fuseness, if not economically administered,
Association's next annual meeting at Portland, means for the individual user so much less
for the avowed purpose of doing what could advantage; or, in short, it increases the cost to
be done to promote the extension of libraries in him of what advantages he does enjoy. At any
the Northwest.
event, economy in purchase and economy in
Another indication of this same general aim
administration are two very live problems of
of serving the largest number may be seen in modern library work. The matter of economy
the extension of their service rendered by the in purchase was represented at St. Louis by the
already established libraries. To this aspect remarkably interesting report of the committee
belongs what is known as “library extension,' in on relations with the book trade, concerning eco-
narrower sense, - library lectures and nomical methods of purchase and especially the
devices intended to encourage the use of libra-
matter of increased cost of books to libraries
ries or to extend their field of influence in the under the present net price system of book
community. Mr. Jast's paper was something of publishing.
a revelation to many of the greater results To the subject of economy belongs also the
accomplished in this direction by British as remarkable growth of organization in library
compared with American libraries.
administration. Attention was directed to this,
Connected with this improvement in the use first of all, by the fact that the Librarian' of
of present facilities is the matter of the inter- Congress was the President of the conference;
library loan. The progress made in this direc- then by the fact that many of the ablest partici-
tion of supplementing the facilities of libraries pants in the conference were heads of depart-
by lending to one another was clearly brought ments of one or another of the great libraries;
forth at St. Louis; but more clearly still was then by the fact, emphasized by President Put-
brought out the fact of the inferiority as yet in nam in his address, that there are now fifty-
this regard of American achievement to Euro- nine libraries in America having over 300,000
pean. However, the very knowledge of such volumes each; and, finally, by the facts brought
inferiority establishes a stimulus, and it may out in the report on gifts regarding the Carnegie
be said that one of the most definite aims branch libraries, especially those in New York
brought out by this conference is the extension and Philadelphia. The marked development of
of the inter-library loan. This in turn brought the great libraries and the multiplication of
forth what may be called a sub-aim, the their activities have demanded a corresponding
determination to secure, if practicable, some development of their organization. Subdivision
reform in the rates of postage for library books of labor, the analysis and coördination of dif-
necessary before the inter-library loan system ferent functions in different departments, - in
can be properly developed.
short, all the matters belonging to the economi-
Perhaps one of the most suggestive indica- cal administration of a great business, have
tions as to the tendency in library expansion had earnest attention and show striking results.
was the discussion of the conference over the Without any depreciation of the work of the
limits of state aid, and similar questions raised great public municipal libraries which have
at the meetings of the state librarians and the shown such expansion and development of
state library commissions. There is a signifi- organization in their branch systems, or the
cant growth in the tendency to apply to the work of such libraries as the State Library at
fostering of library interests in the state the Albany, the John Crerar Library, the Columbia
same principles that have been applied to its University Library, and others, it will not be
schools; and state commissions, travelling libra- invidious to say that the Library of Congress
ries, travelling librarians, grants, and other offers an example of concrete achievement in the
fostering aids are being more and more freely way of multiplied activities, well organized on
extended, and are resulting in very remarkable economical lines and producing practical results,
-
-


76
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
that is probably unequalled in the modern
BIBLIOGRAPHY IN AMERICA.
library world, except by the work of Panizzi.
Yet it is fair to say, too, that this spirit of Bibliography begins to be cultivated only
practical business organization is also produc- after many other literary and scientific studies
ing among many of the smaller libraries some are already well established. It depends upon
most interesting results in the way of sharp the existence of large collections of books in
organization and economy through subordina- which its facts may be industriously gathered ;
tion of function — that primary aspect of eco- it is seldom pursued for pecuniary profit; it
nomical administration by which the more implies a certain leisure on the part of well-
highly paid is not allowed to do the work of informed persons who, not having the spark
the less highly paid. The removal of this lat- of genius that kindles original production, are
ter standing reproach against the old-fashioned content to review what others have done and
organization is closely connected with the ques- have the skill to record it in systematic ways
tion of skilled labor, and the library schools have and make it useful to those who, basing their
greatly helped in developing both theory and work on facts already established, carry forward
application by tending to draw the line between the outposts of discovery.
skilled and unskilled labor. It may be noted in Another task that engages the bibliographer
this connection that the multiplication of is the unravelling of some of the perplexities
branch libraries and distributing stations that beset the history of human progress, where,
reduces the cost to the individual user by saving because of the failure of the ordinary records,
him time and money in getting at the books. the succession of events or the relations of
Any account of the aims and achievements cause and effect have to be painfully determined
of American libraries as suggested by the St. by out-of-the-way investigations and by infer-
Louis conference would be incomplete without ences drawn from sources where the less-
reference to the fact, brought out in the meet- instructed reader would not expect to find help,
ing by President Putnam, that at the time of until at last the truth comes out with new dis-
the Louisiana Purchase America had but one tinctness. Such is the work of the historical
hundred libraries, with 50,000 volumes;
volumes; bibliographer, especially in everything that
whereas today she has 10,000 libraries, with connects itself with the history of the book,
more than 50,000,000 volumes. This in itself printed or manuscript, and upon his help the
is a splendid record of achievement, but it is historian proper must often depend.
not the end. It is a primary aim of American A humbler service, but a most useful one, is
libraries collectively to have at least one copy that of the commonplace bibliographer, the
of every book needed for serious use in this practical librarian whose time and strength are
country. Assuming that 5,000,000 of the best given to answering the every-day questions
foreign books form the ultimate basis, it is true which the readers in his library ask. If he
that probably half of this number may be found has the happy faculty of quickly taking the
in American libraries ; and ninety per cent. of point of view of the inquirer, and the instinct
the remainder are easily obtainable, either in the that tells him where to direct his search, he
originals or in fac-simile reproduction. This accumulates a store of practical bibliographical
particular development of our American libra-
information which may become highly valua-
ries is an aim second only to the vital prac-
ble, and if he does his work systemati-
tical purpose of serving the life-long education cally he prepared to serve the cause of
of the average citizen. The splendid contribu- bibliography by shaping his material into num-
tions now made by municipal, state, and berless hand-lists and reading guides such as
national authorities, supplemented by remark- every library bulletin is glad to print.
able gifts from private sources (shown in the All these varieties of bibliographical activ-
St. Louis report to amount to
than ity, — the record of production, the historical
$6,000,000 and 137,000 volumes during the study, and the popular guide, — have begun to
-
previous year), is producing a record of results flourish American soil. Careful and
on both counts of which we may well be proud. thorough work has been carried on in each field,
But there is still much to do, and one of the and in paths that lead from one field to another,
chief aims of modern library work must be to and favorable conditions have not been lacking.
make the consciousness of the necessity of Considering the fact that bibliographical
library work for the education of the mass of studies are relatively young with us, it is
the people and the progress of the higher civili- remarkable how little work of a slipshod char-
zation so vivid and ever present that means for acter has been put forth and how much work,
essential development of all varied activities undertaken on an elaborate scale and depending
may be multiplied.
for its value on great accuracy and complete-
ERNEST CUSHING RICHARDSON. ness, is already under way.
President American Library Association. The practical bibliography, also, - not the
more
on


1905.]
77
THE DIAL
dreary list of mere titles that simply appals the suspended in the midst of the letter 'S'in 1891,
inquirer, but the well-digested guide, illumi- but with a prospect of continuation in the
nated by every appropriate device of classifica- near future. Excellent bibliographical work
.
tion, annotation, and selection, that forms a gen- of another kind has been done by various print-
uine help to the student, starting him straight, ing clubs in republishing rare books and in issu-
directing his steps, giving him useful clues, ing careful monographs on the history of the
and saving him from pitfalls, - this kindly, printed book in its various aspects.
serviceable, informal bibliography appears now Shorter contributions of an historico-bibli-
and then, and is as welcome as a well-informed ographical nature found for a brief period a
and keen-eyed friend. Justin Winsor's 'Read- medium for publication in The Bibliographer,
er's Handbook of the American Revolution, edited during the first five months of its exist-
Adams's Manual of Historical Literature,' ence (January to May, 1902), by Paul Leices-
Channing and Hart's Guide to the Study of ter Ford, and continued after his death by the
American History,' Gross’s ‘Bibliography of publishers, Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co., until
British Municipal History, Bowker and Îles's June, 1903. Articles of a bibliographical char-
Reader's Guide in Economic, Social, and acter occasionally appear in the library jour-
Political Science,' — these are good examples. nals, or in the literary and historical periodi-
'
The annotated bibliographies issued by the cals; but in general the former journals con-
American Library Association on fine arts cern themselves almost exclusively with mat-
and music, on American history, on children's ters of library administration, and the latter
books, and on reference books have the same hold that strictly bibliographical contributions
practical end in view, and have been found act- interest but a limited number of their readers.
ually serviceable.
What shall be the task of the new Biblio-
Among the more elaborate bibliographical graphical Society of America ? What kind of
enterprises of the day are the International bibliographical work shall it take up, and in
Catalogue of Scientific Literature,' to which the what way can't be most helpful to the progress
United States contributes its share through the
of American bibliography? It has no endow-
Smithsonian Institution; the catalogue of the ment and cannot expect to have one, at least
Library of Congress, printed in card form so until it has proved its usefulness and shown
that it may be duplicated and maintained com- that it can be trusted to administer its affairs
plete in twenty-five depository libraries, and so wisely. Depending upon the yearly fees of its
that every library may incorporate into its own members, it cannot take up great projects
catalogue whatever separate titles it can use; requiring generous and continued support, such
the catalogue of the Surgeon General's Library as only governments or endowments can afford.
in Washington, practically a great classified Such projects, however, may for the present be
bibliography of medicine and the most exten- safely trusted to the Carnegie Institution, to
sive in existence, stretching out already to the Library of Congress (if its present liberal
twenty-five quarto volumes and containing a and enlightened policy continues to receive the
million and a quarter entries; the “Index support of Congress), and to some of the larger
Medicus,' a classified index to current medical societies, such as the American Historical
periodicals and publications, begun in 1879 and Association.
continued down to June, 1899, when the great Bibliography of a popular kind, — the current
-
expense of the work compelled its suspension, recommendation of good books, the preparation
but renewed in 1903 with the help of the Car- of reading lists on current topics, and the com-
negie Institution; various bibliographies pub-pilation of more extensive works, if their prin-
lished in card form, covering zoology (103,000 cipal field of usefulness is in public libraries,
titles to January 1, 1904, published in Zurich, may be left to the larger libraries, to some of
but American in its plan and administration), the library commissions, and especially to the
botany (8,000 titles, issued by the Torrey Publishing Board of the American Library
Botanical Club), new American botanical spe- Association, which enjoys the use of a fund of
cies (30,000 titles, prepared at first by Miss $100,000, established by Mr. Carnegie, the
Day of the Gray Herbarium, Cambridge, and income of which is to be applied primarily to
now by Miss Clark of the Department of Agri- the prosecution of just such work.
culture), agriculture (2,800 titles, issued by the To edit a good journal of bibliography,
same department), the contents of 250 current one which should be a medium for the publica-
learned periodicals (21,000 titles, printed under tion of articles in the field of historical and
the care of the Publishing Board of the Amer-descriptive bibliography, should keep its read-
ican Library Association), and, to mention one ers informed of work in progress and preserve a
older work, Sabin's Dictionary of Books relat- record of work published elsewhere, and should
ing to America,' a monument of patient labor, I gather up the news in regard to books, new and


78
[Feb. 1,
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>
-
old, which book-lovers want to know, - such
would be a useful task not at present performed
The New Books.
by any other agency in America, and it is to be
hoped that the new Society may be able to take
up this function and discharge it successfully.
THEODORE WATTS-DUNTON.*
Such an enterprise, however, cannot be entered
Rossetti once said of Mr. Watts-Dunton that
upon unadvisedly, and the Society must be
assured that material of an interesting charac-
he had sought obscurity as other poets seek
ter exists in sufficient abundance, that contribu-
fame. There may be a trifling exaggeration in
the statement, but it is certainly true that this
tors who have the time and inclination to put distinguished man of letters has been careless
it into shape are ready to do so, and that read-
of his reputation, has left it to shift for itself,
ers will be willing to support such a periodical
and has never resorted to anything like self-
by their subscriptions.
advertisement. He has even neglected the pre-
There is other appropriate work, also, for cautions that most writers take naturally and
the Society to take up, such as the publication as a matter of course for the permanent pres-
of certain useful bibliographical records or com-
ervation of their work, and has throughout his
pilations which depend upon material to be
career remained indifferent to the applause of
found in different places and which can there- the larger public. Thus it came about that
fore best be prepared by coöperation. One such
• Aylwin' was withheld from publication for
catalogue has been announced as its first publi-
many years after it was written, that the poems
cation, a 'List of Incunabula in American
were widely scattered in print or even lent in
Libraries.' Other publications of a similar
manuscript form to friends, and lost — but not
character suggested to the Council of the Soci-
collected into a volume until a comparatively
ety include a list of early manuscripts in
recent date, and that the great mass of the
American libraries; a list of special collections
in American libraries, designed to show inquir- files of the periodicals to which they were first
critical writings must still be sought in the
ers where material relating to their special contributed." This condition of things, a cause
studies can best be found, and indicating the
of deep regret to those of us who long
character of the material accessible; a classified
ago learned to honor the name of Theodore
list of current bibliographical records, includ-
Watts, was remedied in part some six or seven
ing not only journals which make bibliographi-
years ago by the publication of 'Aylwin' and
cal records their principal aim, but also those
The Coming of Love,' and some further rem-
which regularly contain, in addition to other
edy is now offered by the volume which serves
matter, reviews, lists, or notices of works on
as the subject of the present review, and which
particular subjects.
has been prepared with the consent of Mr.
Other possibilities of larger scope lie hazily Watts-Dunton by one of his younger friends.
in the distance, - such as a comprehensive The object of Mr. Douglas in this work is to
bibliography of all American publications; a give a general view of the man and his writings.
bibliography of bibliographies on a more com- As far as the man is concerned, the work is by
plete and extended scale than has been
no means a formal biography, but rather a
attempted before; a list of periodicals accessi-
series of dissolving views of a strong personal-
ble in American libraries; and other similarity, illustrative of his wide interests, his varied
dreams that the enthusiastic bibliographer often
scholarly acquirements, the keenness and sym-
revels in. But these all belong to a later stage pathy of his critical temper, and the genius for
in the Society's history, if they are to come
friendship which has brought to him richer
into its history at all, for they demand wide rewards than fall to the lot of many men of
coöperation and the maintenance of a strong letters, however fortunately they may be cir-
staff of paid workers.
cumstanced. As far as the writings are con-
Whatever the Society undertakes to do, it is cerned, Mr. Douglas leaves them to speak for
evident that it should strive to make its mem- themselves, for something like two-thirds of his
bership desirable to all classes of book lovers, book is occupied with reprinted essays and
book makers (authors and publishers), book
poems, or fragmentary illustrations of the
sellers, book distributors (librarians), book longer compositions. Šis own commentary is
collectors, and book readers. It hopes to become
rambling and possibly overwrought, but will be
a common meeting place for all these interests, found serviceable as a sort of connective tissue
and to find the means to perform some useful whereby the reprinted passages are held to-
service in which many will coöperate and which gether, or as a sort of transparent jelly in
will be acceptable to all.
which they are embedded. We could have
WILLIAM COOLIDGE LANE.
*THEODORE WATTS-DUNTON. Poet Critic, Novelist, By
President Bibliographical Society of America. James Douglas. Illustrated. New York: John Lane.
6


1905.]
79
THE DIAL
-
7
6
spared the extracts from ‘Aylwin' and 'The opment show to get away, as far as possible, from
Coming of Love,' since those books are now
the condition of the natural man; to get away from
within everybody's reach, but we are heartily
that despised condition not only in material affairs,
such as dress, domestic arrangements and econ-
grateful for the reprinted criticism, since that omies, but also in the fine arts and in intellectual
has been hitherto practically inaccessible. As methods, till, having passed that inevitable stage,
the purpose of the work was to represent its
each society is liable to suffer (even if it does not
in some
subject in his triune character of critic, poet,
cases actually suffer) a reaction, when
nature and art are likely again to take the place
and writer of imaginative prose, all three of convention and artifice.
species of composition had to be included in
Speaking of the sense of wonder that came
something like equal measure, but it is for the
into English literature with the Elizabethan
critical writing alone that the volume is really éclosion, the author goes on to say:
to be treasured.
'It is that kind of wonder which filled the souls
Even in this character, we are bound to of Spenser, of Marlowe, of Shakespeare, of Webster,
regard it as a makeshift. The writer whom of Ford, of Cyril Tourneur, and of the old ballads:
Mr. Swinburne has called the first critic of
it is that poetical attitude which the human mind
assumes when confronting those unseen powers of
our time, perhaps the largest-minded and surest- the universe who, if they did not weave the web
sighted of any age,' is not to be preserved for in which man finds bimself entangled, dominate it.'
posterity by any collection of extracts; nothing Twice since the spacious times' of which
less than his entire work will satisfy the stu- these words are written has the same sort of
dent and lover of literature. No matter if it
reaction from reality been witnessed in our lit-
would fill several folio volumes,' it is too pre- erature: a hundred years ago we called it the
cious to be lost, and too uniformly weighty to
romantic revival; in our own time Mr. Watts-
be sifted. It is fundamental criticism, of the Dunton calls it the renascence of wonder. It
type which Coleridge has hitherto chiefly rep- seems to be the same thing over again, although
resented in our literature, and it has an insight in its latest appearance it assumes a more reg-
equal to that of Coleridge, besides resting upon ulated form, and its vagabond tendencies are
a basis of knowledge broader than was possessed more strictly restrained by the greater amount
by the older critic, with all his excursions into of exact knowledge at our command.
strange poetical and philosophical realms. It When in the mood of romance or of wonder,
must all be brought together at some time, and whichever we may call it, the spirit tries to get
if its author is unwilling to do us this final
away, not only from reality of the barren prac-
service, it must be done for us (and for him)
tical sort, but also from self-consciousness. Mr.
by another hand.
Watts-Dunton brings out this fact very strik-
As a student of the poetry of his and our ingly when he contrasts the genuine with the
own time, Mr. Watts-Dunton has seen clearly sophisticated type of nature-worship.
that a new spirit has come over the most refined *How hateful is the word "experience" in the
contemporary thought as exercised in imagina- mouth of the littérateurs. They all seem to think
tive directions, and this manifestation he has
that this universe exists to educate them, and that
happily named “The Renascence of Wonder.'
they should write books about it. They never look
on a sunrise without thinking what an experience
We are not sure that this is the greatest phil-
it is; how it is educating them for bookmaking.
osophical generalization of our time,' as Mr. It is this that so often turns the true Nature.
Douglas seems to think it, but it is a felicitous worshipper away from books altogether, that makes
him bless with what at times seems such malicious
phrase, in any event, and makes a text for a
fervour those two great benefactors of the human
singularly penetrative piece of critical writing.
race, Caliph Omar and Warburton's cook.'
A special introduction to one of the later edi-
The impulse which led to the writing of
tions of Aylwin' first introduced the words to
these lines is that which forced the writer to
the public.
reject, with sure instinct, Arnold's famous
'The phrase, the Renascence of Wonder, merely
indicates that there are two great impulses gov-
definition of poetry as a criticism of life.' The
erning man, and probably not man only, but the
truth of the matter is that poetry is not life
entire world of conscious life: the impulse of criticised but life expressed, with intensity and
acceptance — the impulse to take unchallenged and clarity, and that just so far as poetry becomes
for granted all the phenomena of the outer world
as they are — - and the impulse to confront these
criticism it ceases to do its proper office. Closely
phenomena with eyes of inquiry and wonder.' allied with this repudiation is that of the mod-
In the noteworthy essay contributed to the
ern Carlylean heresy of work,' concerning
new edition of Chambers's 'Cyclopædia of Eng-
which we read:
lish Literature,' this principle is carefully elab-
'It is not a little singular that this heresy of the
sacredness of work should be most flourishing at
orated.
the very time when the sophism on which it was
'It would seem that something works as inevi- originally built is exploded; the sophism, we mean,
tably and as logically as a physical law in the that Nature herself is the result of Work, whereas
yearning which societies in a certain stage of devel- she is the result of growth. One would have thought
1
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6
3


80
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
that this was the very time for recognizing what the Psalms in the Authorized Version, and their
the sophism has blinded us to, that Nature's per-
manent temper — whatever may be said of this or
doggerellized perversion by Hopkins and Stern-
that mood of hers — is the temper of Sport, that her
hold, Tate and Brady. For the 'Hopkins ele-
pet abhorrence, which is said to be a vacuum, is ment' must be taken into account by all who
really Work. We see this clearly enough in what would understand the English character.
are called the lower animals — whether it be a tiger
or a gazelle, a ferret or a coney, a bat or a butter-
"When St. Augustine landed here with David he
fly - the final cause of the existence of every
found not only Odin, but Hopkins, a heathen then
conscious thing is that it should sport. For this
in possession of the soil.'
end it was that “the great Vishnu yearned to Leaving these serious matters, we will now
create a world." Yet over the toiling and moiling
devote what little space remains us to such bits
world sits Moloch Work, while those whose hearts
are withering up with hatred of him are told by
of anecdote as may seem best to illustrate the
certain writers to fall down before him and pre- lighter side of this absorbing book. Professor
tend to love.'
Minto, in charge of 'The Examiner,' was the
One of the most eloquent of the essays here first editor to secure the regular services of
reproduced for us by Mr. Douglas has for its Theodore Watts as a contributor. The first
subject the Bible, and more particularly the article which he wrote for that paper was the
Book of Psalms, and was published as long ago occasion of the following scene, which took
as 1877 in “The Athenæum. From this essay place on the evening of the day when the article
we wish to make several quotations.
had appeared, and at the house of W. B. Scott.
“A great living savant has characterized the Bible 'Bell Scott, who took a great interest in the
as “a collection of the rude imaginings of Syria, “Examiner,” was especially inquisitive about the
"the worn-out old bottle of Judaism into which new writer. After having in vain tried to get from
the generous new wine of science is being poured.” Minto the name of the writer, he went up to Watts,
The great savant was angry when he said so. The and said: “I would give almost anything to know
"new wine" of science is a generous vintage, who the writer is who appears in the 'Examiner'
undoubtedly, and deserves all the respect it gets for the first time today.' “What makes you
from us; so do those who make it and serve it out; inquire about it!” said Watts. “What is the inter-
they have so much intelligence; they are so honest est attaching to the writer of such fantastic stuff
and so fearless. But whatever may become of their as that? Surely it is the most mannered writing
wine in a few years, when the wine-dealers shall that has appeared in the ‘Examiner' for a long
have passed away, when the savant is forgotten as time!" Then, turning to Minto, he said: “I can't
any star-gazer of Chaldæa,- the "old bottle” is think, Minto, what made you print it at all.”
going to be older yet, — the Bible is going to be Scott, who had a most exalted opinion of Watts as
eternal. For that which decides the vitality of any a critic, was considerably abashed at this, and
book is precisely that which decides the value of began to endeavour to withdraw some of his enthu-
any human soul — not the knowledge it contains, siastic remarks. This set Minto laughing aloud,
but simply the attitude it assumes towards the uni- and thus the secret got out.'
verse, unseen as well as seen. The attitude of the
Bible is just that which every soul must, in its
Mr. Watts-Dunton's first meeting with Bor-
highest and truest moods, always assume - that of row is described in his introduction to “Lav-
a wise wonder in front of such a universe as this engro' Borrow figuring under the fictitious
that of a noble humility before a God such as He
name of Dereham.
“in whose great Hand we stand.”
‘Dereham loved Richmond Park, and he seemed to
And the secret of the English Bible is that
know every tree. I found also that he was ex-
it is written in the Great Style, which,
tremely learned in deer, and seemed familiar with
* Both in literature and in life, is unconscious every dappled coat which, washed and burnished
power and unconscious grace in one.
Out by the showers, seemed to shine in the sun like
of the twenty-three thousand and more verses into metal. Of course, I observed him closely, and I
which the Bible has been divided, no one can find a began to wonder whether I had encountered, in the
vulgar verse; for the Great Style allows the stylist silvery-haired giant striding by my side, with a
to touch upon any subject with no risk of defile- vast umbrella under his arm, a true “Child of the
ment. That is why style in literature is virtue. Open Air." “Did a true Child of the Open Air
To reproduce the Great Style of the original in a ever carry a gigantic green umbrella that would
Western idiom, the happiest combination of cir- have satisfied Sarah Gamp herself?" I murmured
cumstances
necessary.
That noble to Gordon, while Dereham lingered under a tree
heroism – born of faith in God and belief in the and, looking round the
Park, said in a dreamy way,
high duties of man — which we have lost for the “old England! Old England!”?
hour - was in the very atmosphere that hung over
the island. And style in real life, which now, as a
Probably the most interesting of all these
consequence of our loss, does not exist at all among personal passages is that which relates the con-
Englishmen, and only among a very few English versation between the author and Mr. Lowell
women - having given place in all classes
upon the occasion of their first meeting, but it
flourished then in all its charm. And in lit-
erature it was the same: not even the enphuism im-
is too long to quote, and will not suffer mutila-
ported from Spain could really destroy or even
tion.
seriously damage the then national sense of style.' This fascinating book tempts to endless quo-
These extracts from a remarkable essay must tation and comment, but it is just as easy to
suffice, although it is hard to refrain from quot-stop here as it would be later on. A final word
ing also what is said of the contrast between should be said of the illustrations, which include
ܙ
6
was
man-
ner


1905.]
81
THE DIAL
Welsh and English landscapes, works of art by contemporary authors, have been searched and
Rossetti and others, and both outside and inside abstracted, and the abstracts orderly arranged
views of The Pines, which for many years has and connected by a narrative. The result is a
been the joint home of Mr. Watts-Dunton and truly documentary history of over five hundred
the great poet with whose name his own will pages. An enumeration of the chapter headings
forever be associated. It is not for rhetorical will give a fair idea of the scope of the work.
effect that Mr. Swinburne has just dedicated They are as follows: Conditions before 1800;
the new collected edition of his poems to my Establishment of the Library, 1800-1805;
best and dearest friend,' or that he further says: Growth of the Library, 1805-1814; Destruction
'It is nothing to me that what I write should of the old Library and Purchase of the Jefferson
find immediate or general acceptance; it is much to Library; The Development of the Library,
know that on the whole it has won for me the right
to address this dedication and inscribe this edition
1814-1829; The Library in Politics; The Devel-
to you.'
opment of the Library, 1829-1851; Development
A few intimate glimpses of this association
of the Library, 1852-1864; Other Libraries of
are given us from time to time by Mr. Douglas, Congress and of the Government; The Smith-
but we are deprived of anything more than
sonian Institution and Plans for a National
these glimpses by the unwillingness of both Mr.
Library.
Watts-Dunton and Mr. Swinburne to permit
The documents reprinted in the last chapter
cast a curious reflection on the appreciation
the privacy of their home to be unveiled.
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
which Congress up to that time had shown
towards its library. In fact, Congress never
regarded it as being more than its name implied,
a library established for the use of its members.
That the privilege of using the library was from
THE STORY OF OUR NATIONAL LIBRARY.*
the beginning open to the President and Vice-
Some years ago a plan was formed to pro-
President of the United States, and was gradu-
duce a series of Contributions to American
ally extended to the judges of the Supreme
Library History,' to be edited and published Court, to foreign ministers, to the heads of
under the auspices of the Library of Congress. departments, and then to all officers of the
Such a series of volumes, prepared according government, serves only to emphasize this nar-
to a uniform plan, can not fail to prove of
row point of view. Voices were heard, however,
great interest, not only to librarians, but to all
almost from its establishment, urging that it
interested in the history of American civiliza- ought indeed to be the Library of the Nation,
tion, as describing the development of one of and claiming for it a wider scope and a larger
the most potent agencies for culture. The vol-
usefulness than it could have if merely intended
ume under review is the first to appear, and it
for the members of Congress and the officials
is very fitting that it should deal with the of the government. As the years went by, its
institution that has grown to be, in fact if not
scope was enlarged, and its collections outgrew
in name, the library of the nation. It deals the original purpose of its founders. But Con-
with the formative period of the Library of
gress still treated it as merely an adjunct to
Congress, ending with the appointment by
itself,
Abraham Lincoln of Ainsworth R. Spofford to
The history of the Library during the period
be its librarian. A second volume will deal
covered by Mr. Johnston's first volume is largely
with Mr. Spofford's administration and the
one of slow accumulation, disastrous fires, and
short incumbency of Mr. Young, and a third congressional indifference. But it is also a
volume will treat of the other libraries belong- history of large plans. Scientific men and
ing to the general government.
writers in current periodicals were tireless in
Mr. Johnston has taken great pains to collect outlining plans for its development, and many
a tremendous mass of material from both official
members of the Joint Committee on the Library
and private sources. Congressional documents, took a deep interest in its welfare. Among the
.
the minutes of the Library Committee since
successive members of the committee we find
1830 (those kept during the early years were
men like John Quincy Adams, Edward Everett,
destroyed in the fire of 1814, and from 1814
George Perkins Marsh, Rufus Choate, Horace
to 1830 no records of its proceedings seem to
Mann, and Charles Francis Adams. The prin-
have been made), files of newspapers and period cipal function of the committee, the author
icals, such as The National Intelligencer, ' “The
states, was the selection of books for the
Washington Republic, and The North Amer- Library.' But no uniform plan was followed.
ican Review, as well as the writings of many
Mahlon Dickerson, who was chairman from
1817 to 1828, 'would have made it a library of
HISTORY OF THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. By William science'; Edward Everett, who served on the
Dawson Johnston. Volume I., 1800-1864. Washington :
Government Printing Office.
committee, though never as chairman, from
,
6


82
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
.
6
1825 to 1835, 'would have made it a library of of the Library seems to have been left to the
literature; still other members of the com- Assistant Librarian. Magruder resigned in
mittee thought it necessary to cater to the 1814, and in 1815 George Watterston, a Wash-
various tastes and peculiar fancies of divers ington littérateur, was appointed. Much space
and many members of Congress, members of - too much space --- is given by Mr. Johnston
the diplomatic corps, heads of departments, to the biography of this man, who may have
and others to whom the privileges of the Library been a prominent figure in the Capital in his
were extended, who wanted anything new, and days, but who was but a mediocre librarian.
everything, if possible, entertaining.' One mem- During the whirlwind caused by Andrew Jack-
ber of the committee proposed a plan ‘of filling son, Watterston was removed, and John Silva
up each department of the Library in succes- Meehan was appointed in his place. The change
sion, and a contemporary writer said that was hardly for the better. Meehan was removed
under the proper direction the annual appro- in 1861, being regarded as a Southern sympa-
priation of $5,000 might be so utilized as to thizer, and Dr. J. G. Stephenson succeeded him.
make the Library in twenty years one of the Stephenson resigned in 1863, and on the last
first libraries in the world. It might even have day of 1864 President Lincoln appointed as
been possible, Mr. Johnston adds, ' by agreeing his successor Ainsworth R. Spofford, who since
further to buy great collections of books as 1861 had served as Chief Assistant Librarian.
opportunities offered, to have made the Library Mr. Spofford had already rendered valuable
the first of the great libraries of the world.' service to the Library, especially in preparing
At this period the prices of books in the anti- the alphabetical author catalogue of 1864,
quarian market were still very moderate; few which he followed up in 1869 with an ‘Index
American collectors had yet appeared on the of Subjects.'
scene. But the Library of Congress was not in An interesting episode in the history of the
the field, and to European booksellers 'America Library during this period is the visit to this
meant chiefly New York and Providence.' country of Alexandre Vattemąre and the begin-
It was in 1790 that a committee of Con- | ning of the system of international exchange
gress, with Representative Elbridge Gerry of of documents and other publications between
Massachusetts as chairman, was appointed to libraries of all countries. The founding of the
report a catalogue of books necessary for the Smithsonian Institution also falls within this
use of Congress, with an estimate of the expense, period; the discussion of the proposed forma-
and the best mode of procuring them.'* Thé tion, through the Smithson Fund, of a national
committee reported in June, recommending an library is treated at great length and forms
appropriation of $1,000. The report was laid one of the most interesting chapters in the book.
on the table. Not until 1800, upon the removal Mr. Johnston's work is something more than
of the Capital to Washington, was the matter a history - and also something less. It is a
-
again taken up; the sum of $5,000 was then collection of documents strung together on a
appropriated for the purchase of such books rather thin thread of narrative. This, one may
as may be necessary for the use of Congress.' suppose, was done advisedly, as the most fitting
At first no annual appropriations were made treatment of the material in hand, the mass
for the purchase of books; $5,000 was again set of which is certainly appalling. What has been
aside for this purpose in 1806, and in 1811 given is, consequently, not so much a history as
another $5,000. In 1816, Thomas Jefferson's material for a history. But as such it is of
library was purchased for $23,950. From this great value. The index is rather meagre.
year on, annual appropriations were made, at
AKSEL G. S. JOSEPHSON.
first varying between $1,000 and $2,000, until
in 1825 it became $5,000, at which amount it
remained during the whole period covered by
OUR INTIMATE FRIEND, MICHAEL
the present volume — with the single exception
-
DE MONTAIGNE.*
of the year 1852-53, when $85,000 was set aside
to replace the loss caused by the fire of 1851. Sainte-Beuve opens his charming Monday's
The Librarian of Congress was from the begin- conversation
Montaigne Voyage
ning chosen by the President of the United (Lundi. 24 mars. 1862) with a quotation from
States, and in 1802 Thomas Jefferson appointed Mme. de La Fayette. Ce serait plaisir d'avoir
`
John Berkley, who at the time was Clerk of un voisin comme lui,' and goes on, ‘ Montaigne
the House of Representatives. When Berkley est notre voison a tous ?: ‘Montaigne is the inti-
died, in 1807, his successor as Clerk of the mate friend of each one of us. ' Emerson voices
House, Patrick Magruder, was also made Libra-
*THE JOURNAL OF MONTAIGNE'S TRAVELS IN ITALY by
rian of Congress. During Magruder's incum-
bency, which lasted until 1815, as well as during
that of his predecessor, the actual management
a
6
on
en
G
way of
Switzerland and Germany in 1580 and 1581.
Translated and edited, with an introduction and notes, by
W. G. Waters. In three volumes. Illustrated. New York:
E. P. Dutton & Co.


1905.]
83
THE DIAL
the same thought in recalling the delight with mood seized him, counting on getting lost from
which he read the single odd volume of Cot- his more prosaic companions.
When they
ton's translation of the Essays in his father's remonstrated with him, he explained conclu-
library. 'It seemed to me as if I had myself sively that he seemed to be like one who reads
written the book, in some former life, so sin-
some delightful story or good book, and dreads
cerely it spoke my thought and experience.' to turn the last page.'
Michael de Montaigne died on the 13th of Naturally, the bent of Montaigne's mind led
September, 1592; one week later there was him to observe the way of life of foreign folk,
published in London Robert Greene's 'A how they lived and what sort of social and
Groatsworth of Wit,' containing the first political institutions they had developed for
printed allusion to Shakespeare. Sainte- themselves. For this reason, the philosophical
Beuve's wisest of Frenchmen makes his bow Frenchman is the most interesting traveller in
and retires from the stage just as the wisest of an age of travel. His diary furnishes all sorts
Englishmen enters to fill it for all time. But of valuable and curious information about the
how vast is wisdom to express herself with such Elizabethan Germans and Italians. Some of
absolute divergence. No man
ever lived, this information found its way into later edi-
surely, who so took both men and fools into his tions of the ‘ Essais,' and doubtless the reason
confidence as did Montaigne. The most enter- why the Journal was not published by Mon-
taining biography in all the world, the journal taigne or by his family was that he regarded it
intime of a spirit as honest as it was wise and largely as material for future 'Essais.
as vivacious as it was simple, is yet to be con- It is a little difficult to understand Mon-
structed out of the immortal Essais.' Of taigne's regret that he had not taken a cook
Shakespeare, from Shakespeare, we know noth-along, for it would be fairly easy to concoct a
,
ing. The author of the greatest drama litera- German meal or to furnish an Italian house
ture has produced remains so shrouded in mys- from the Journal. And just as in the ‘ Essais
tery, under a world-wide blaze of publicity, the most incongruous subjects jostle one
that an elaborate theory has grown up, not another, so here we learn in one sentence that
indeed that the player, William Shakespeare, in Ferrara the streets were paved with bricks
did not exist, but that he did not write the and they served fruit on plates. Florence, a
works generally known by his name.
smaller town than Ferrara, was paved with flat
The first edition of Montaigne’s ‘ Essais ’ was stones without pattern or regularity. He found
published in 1580. The breadth of experience glass in the windows of even the smallest Swiss
they show, the infinite variety of historical and cottages, but the windows of Italian inns were
classical allusion, their extraordinary philoso- open, except for huge wooden shutters that
,
phical insight into men and things, very nat- excluded sun, light, and air in bad weather. At
urally led to the supposition, of Villemain Lucca, a fashionable watering-place, his bed
among others, that the author had been a con- was a movable frame resting on trestles and
siderable traveller. But at that time Montaigne furnished only with a mattress and coverlet.
had been, in his own language, “scarce out of Linen of all sorts, salt, cooking utensils, and
sight of the vanes of his own house.' In fact candlesticks were rented extra. Dishes, glass-
he had gone no farther afield than the beaten ware, and knives, the traveller bought himself.
path between his native Perigord and Paris. The cost of travel is recorded as high in Ger-
That path he had traversed many times, first many, cheaper in France, and cheapest in Italy,
as counsellor of Bordeaux and later as gentle- but Montaigne thought the German prices
man of the King's bedchamber to Henry II. The quite justified' by superior accommodations.
outlook of the Essais' on the world is just There is an echo of Elizabethan music in the
Montaigne. When I travel, he
says note of Fano in the Marches, ‘Rhymesters
quaintly, I do not look for Gascons: I have are to be found in almost every inn,' and
left them at home. I rather seek for Greeks and there is a musical instrument in every shop,
Persians. Montaigne's most extended search even the stocking-darner's at the corner of the
for Greeks and Persians took place during the street. Later, of Empoli, near Florence, we
years 1580 and 1581, when he travelled leisurely read that the peasants have lutes in their
to Italy through Germany and Switzerland. hands and the pastoral songs of Ariosto on
His Journal of these travels is even more inter- their lips — which thing indeed may
be
esting in its way than the 'Essais,' for Mon- observed all through Italy. Toleration is a
taigne on horseback seeing the world is more striking quality of this acute observation. Swiss
uniformly attractive than Montaigne in his cooking Montaigne found the best he had ever
tower saying some things certainly that he had met with. So also he praises German stoves
better not have said. He displayed the instinct and feather coverlets and Italian oil. Pass-
of the genuine traveller in his fondness for ing through Fornovo on his way home, he does
devising tours off the main route, just as the not mention the great French victory there,


84
(Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
man.
in 1495, while he goes out of his way to visit In Rome, Montaigne sought and obtained
the battlefield of Pavia where Francis I. lost for himself the title of Roman citizen. It is
all save that negligible piece of property he a vain title,' he says, 'nevertheless I take
called his honor.
great pleasure in the possession of the same.'
Nowhere is Montaigne's large-minded tol- 'Voilà un aimable philosophe,' observes Sainte-
eration more marked than towards religious Beuve, qui paye ouvertement son tribut à
differences. In Augsburg he attended a Luth- l'illusion est à la vanité humaine.' But it
eran baptism, in Rome he witnessed a Jewish was not wholly vanity that prompted the
circumcision. Curious facts of the change of amiable philosopher to secure Roman citizen-
religions turn up here and there. At Lindau ship. Montaigne was by nature a citizen of
the priest said there were only two or three the world, and Rome was to him of all cities the
Catholics in the place, but Montaigne observed one most filled with the corporate idea, the
that the priests and nuns still performed the one in which differences of nationality counted
service and drew their incomes. At Kempten least. He felt at home there, the very air he
in Bavaria he heard the mass celebrated on a thought the pleasantest and wholesomest he had
Thursday with all the ceremonial of Easter ever breathed. He was in the city negotiating
Sunday at Notre Dame in Paris, but nobody the business of citizenship during Holy Week,
was present but priests. Montaigne himself and he has considerable to say about the pomp
lived and died in the Catholic faith. He kissed and grandeur of the religious ceremonies. He
the Pope's toe, and has left here, I fancy, the hears a bull excommunicating the Huguenots
most entertaining account of that performance, read before the pope from the great portico of
throwing in a highly picturesque and just St. Peter's, he attends service in the Sistine
description of the Bolognese Pope, Gregory Chapel, and one day on his way out after mass
XIII. At Loreto he bore witness to his piety he stops, full of curiosity, to watch a priest
by setting up to Our Lady a silver memorial of exorcize an
insane
The shoes and
himself, his wife, and his daughter. But he breeches of the flagellants on Good Friday sug-
goes on to say almost immediately, 'I have gested to him that they were persons of mean
a suspicion that they melt down the old silver condition most of whom had hired themselves
plate and put it to other uses.' The Holy out for the occasion. This Rome full of appeal
City he testifies enjoyed less liberty than Ven- to sight and sense was all for the court and
ice. Burglaries were common and the streets the nobility. He noted that there were no main
were notoriously unsafe after nightfall. Again, streets of trade, but that gardens and palaces
the Roman revenue officers searched his boxes, abounded everywhere. These palaces built over
turning over even the smallest articles of the antique ruins of classic Rome Montaigne
apparel,' while other Italian towns were sat- compared to the nests of martins and crows on
isfied by the presentation of the luggage for the roofs and in the walls of the French
search. His Roman experience with his books churches destroyed by the Huguenots in Peri-
is characteristic. The books, among them a gord.
copy of the ‘Essais,' were all seized and kept Here is the real Montaigne, profoundly
for a long while. Montaigne writes: "This impressed by the spell of Rome. Going about
evening they brought back to me the vol- the city with his favorite authors, Plutarch and
ume of my Essais, castigated and brought Seneca, in his head, he was delighted to find
into harmony with the opinions of the monkish that he needed no other guide, and he declared
doctors.' It developed that the censor, unable that the only Rome he recognized was the sky
himself to read French, had asked for the above his head and the august sites beneath his
judgment of a French monk. Montaigne feet. What he saw was the sepulchre of the
declined to agree with his countryman that ancient world, and the vastness of a world in
he
in
on various points, — for ruins suggested to him, he said, not compre-
instance, that it is cruel to inflict on men hension, but respect and reverence only.
greater pain than is necessary to kill them, or Much of the interest of Montaigne's travels
that children should be brought up to look at comes from his habit everywhere of seeking out
all sides of a question. The censor, “a man and talking with all sorts and conditions of
of parts,' he records, completely exonerated men. In Basel he supped with Felix Plater
me, and was anxious to let me see that he set and saw, for the first time, in the great physi-
small value on these emendations. His book cian's house an articulated skeleton. He made
of Hours fell under suspicion because it was a point in Ferrara of going to see the unhappy
a Paris imprint, and 'La république des Tasso in his prison-house, and he dined in
Suisses' was not returned to him, because Florence with the Grand Duke, Francesco dei
they had found out that the translator was a Medici, and his Venetian wife, Bianca Capello.
heretic, though his name did not appear any- He thought the Grand Duchess a hand-
where in the volume.'
some woman, according to Italian taste, with
was
error


1905.)
85
THE DIAL
Should life all labour be?'
6
an agreeable and inspiring face. On the whole,
it is clear that Montaigne did not see much
THE LUXURIES OF ANTIQUARIANISM.*
beauty abroad.
One pretty exception to the The rich man has his luxuries — yachts,
monotony of comments on the plainness of automobiles, palaces, mostly vanities of the
German and Italian women is the record of his senses to the austere philosophic mind. Why
secretary, made in Stertzing in the Tyrol: ‘M. should not the poor scholar have his, vast
de Montaigne, having espied a fair young girl libraries, rare
,
, manuscripts, recherché fac-
in a church, asked if she could speak Latin, similes, vain and non-productive though these
a
-
deeming she was a scholar.'
things may sometimes seem to the utilitarian
From these conversations, or from reflections rich?
'Ah, why
to which they gave rise, there flows a steady
stream of engaging wisdom. He went to a
the Lotos-Eater (the Natural Man) pointedly
dance of country folk in the great hall of the
Grand Duke's palace in Florence, and reflects,
inquires. Not quite the same is the inquiry
‘I have a notion that this licence, which they
of the antiquarian scholar on the American
enjoy on the great feast day of the city, seems
side of the great waters, who is trying to
to them a sort of shadow of their lost liberty.'
coöperate in the modern movement for the
Of Pistoia, with its gonfalonier and nine priors in its richer and more significant and more
resuscitation and re-interpretation of the past
living in great state in the grand ducal palace
vital epochs. Rather his plaint is: Why, if
during their short term of office, but essentially
life is to be labor, should labor be with such
imprisoned there for the two months, he writes:
imperfect materials and means? Why, with
'I felt pity at the sight of men thus satisfied
with these apish tricks. At the baths of
such wealth behind us and around us, must
'
American libraries of research, generous in
Lucca two physicians wait upon the traveller
and beg him to act as umpire in their consulta-
some of their beginnings, be so few, so slow of
tion over the case of a nephew of Cardinal de
growth, so hampered and neglected? Why is
Cesis, 'whereupon,' says Montaigne, 'I could
it that our university libraries are almost uni-
formly unendowed and ill-housed, confined to
not help laughing in my sleeve,' adding,
‘Medicine after all is a poor affair.' For
a modicum of books in print, and few of them
rich in the older material, much of it still pur-
some reason the French ambassador was denied
chasable, which makes true historical and lit-
access to the Vatican Library to which Mon-
taigne was admitted without difficulty. He
erary research possible? But, even as he puts
philosophises, — ‘All things come easily to men
the question, are not riches and learning
of a certain temper, and are unattainable by
already striking hands? Is not the time now
others. Right occasion and opportunity have
come when books as well as laboratory and
their privileges, and oftentimes hold out to
museum material shall begin to bulk in uni-
ordinary folk what they deny to kings.'
versity budgets and in the gifts of our Car-
negies and our Rockefellers ?
Montaigne's Journal was first translated into
In England at least, if not in America, things
English by William Hazlitt, and annexed to
are being done in more liberal measure. There
his edition of Charles Cotton's translation of
is the incomparable library of the British
the Essays in 1842. Curiously enough, Mr.
Museum, and a score of others that are supple-
W. Carew Hazlitt, in a recent reprint (1902)
mentary; publishing societies, like the Early
of his father's work, omits the translation of
English Text Society, are supported, even
the Journal for the whimsical reason, entirely though meagrely; there, too, facsimile edi- .
gratuitous, that the diary is all in the third
tions of the Shakespeare folios and of the
person and was dictated by Montaigne to his
first Chaucer folio are being published; the
secretary. As a matter of fact more than half
Palæographical Society has been re-established;
of the story of the journey, the last half, was
and, as a striking single illustration of the
written by Montaigne's own hand, as William
trend over there, the present magnificent photo-
Hazlitt expressly notes when he comes to the
graphic facsimile and transcript of an often-
break. But Hazlitt's translation is now out of
cited but little-known Elizabethan manuscript
date, and Mr. W. G. Waters has done a real
in the library of the Duke of Northumberland
service to letters by making a new one. His
has just been given to the world.
book has been beautifully printed by Ballantyne
The manuscript itself is valuable, and brings
of Edinburgh, and is enriched by photogravures
to light some new material. Every scholar and
of Montaigne and of his tomb in the vestibule
student of Elizabethan literature must be
of the Hall of Faculties at Bordeaux, together
with nine plates from Piranesi's Views of
*COLLOTYPE FACSIMILE AND TYPE TRANSCRIPT OF AN
ELIZABETHAN MANUSCRIPT preserved at Alnwick Castle,
Rome.'
Northumberland. Edited, with notes and introduction, by
MARY AUGUSTA Scott.
New York: Longmans, Green & Co.
Frank J. Burgoyne.


86
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
6
a
>
rience.
6
deeply grateful for the gift thus made to the spearian plays, the ‘Richard II.' and ‘Rich-
learned public. It is to be hoped that more of ard III. Among the scribblings, too, along
the many existing manuscripts of this sort with entries of the names of Thomas Nashe,
may be similarly produced. But, after all, the Bacon, and William Shakespeare, in separate
thrifty and frugal mind must query whether lines, occurs in one line the mysterious con-
the value in this case is commensurate with the junction By Mr. ffrauncis William Shake-
outlay. As it stands, we have a beautiful monu- speare. Another proof, of course, of the
ment of palæography; but what if the tran- Baconian authorship of Shakespeare! Of the
script alone had been printed, in modest form, evidence of such furtive inference, of innuendo,
and the rest of the sum here expended had been and of laborious intricate vaticination, like
turned in to the scanty treasury of the Early that of medicine man, astrologer, or alchemist
English Text Society? Would we not be bet- in all ages, is that theory built up!
ter off if that had been done? And so this vol-
FREDERIO IVES CARPENTER.
ume seems to us to be one of the luxuries of
antiquarianism, set forth by the munificence
of a patron. Yet who will be socialist enough
to say that the taste and personal preference
WHAT MAY WE BELIEVE ?*
of this patron should not be allowed ?
The manuscript, which dates about 1597, and
Science, speaking objectively, is concerned
with physical realities; a scientific concept is
seems to have been written for one of Bacon's
one which has for its basis sense-impressions,
kin, perhaps in Bacon's own scriptorium, con-
regarded by us as tokens of an external world
tains in its present mutilated form some nine
pieces, six of them by Bacon himself, — two or
-
of being. Metaphysical conceptions are those
resulting from the projection of normally-
three of these latter being well-known tracts
derived concepts, in various combinations, into
or speeches of his, one a copy of speeches for
a court Device
regions where they are beyond the test of expe-
(two of them unknown
before the discovery of this MS. in 1867), one
We may postulate a third region of
Metapsychics, conceivable in the sense that the
a brief essay Of Magnanimitie or heroicall
virtue’ never before printed, and another, 'An
metaphysics, or even physics, of some superior
being might be wholly metapsychical, i. e.,
Advertisement touching private Censure,'
unthinkable, to us. Certainly, as we descend in
dealing with the toleration question, never
the scale of life, there must soon come a point
before printed. There is also a brief speech
'ffor the Earle of Sussex at ye tilt, an: 96,
where our metaphysics become metapsychic, and
eventually one where our physics are equally
never before printed and of unknown author-
ship, and the well-known letter of Sir Philip
so, and self-consciousness finally sinks in the
infrapsychic.
Sidney to Queen Elizabeth against the Anjou
The mind of man, thus confined within nar-
marriage. The bulk of the volume, however, is
row limits of clear perception, has always been
taken up with that choice anonymous specimen
restless. In truth, this is not because of the
of Elizabethan personal abuse and political
invective known
smallness of his field, but rather because of
as 'Leicester's Common-
wealth.”
the obscurity of its boundaries, and their varia-
There is something monumentally
bility according to individual and race. The
impudent yet delicious in the ending of this
latter piece, where the author, after pursuing but he purposes that it shall be his indeed, from
man of science is ever for enlarging his domain,
,
Leicester through some eighty folio pages with
wall to wall; his notion of property is that
unrelenting and atrocious abuse, craves par-
understood by the law, not that of the artist
don 'of my Lord of Leicester for my boldnesse,
‘
who owns the distant landscape by virtue of his
if I have been too plaine with him'! The
Bacon material that is new presents little of
enjoyment of it. The idealist refuses to recog-
nize boundaries, and insists upon planting his
great value. The part not new is instructive
for various variants from the accepted texts,
choicest flowers on the other side of the wall;
where, perchance, the wild beasts devour them,
and thus the volume is important for students
of Bacon.
and the man of science says “I told you so.'
But the manuscript as we have it here is
The reconciliation of these quarrelsome indi-
viduals is no light task. Your modern idealist
mutilated. The outer sheet, among numerous
scribblings, seems to present a list of the orig-
denies the proposition, so admirable to common
inal contents, omitting, however, four of the
sense, that a bird in the hand is worth two in
pieces actually contained in the group. If we *SCIENCE AND IMMORTALITY. The Ingersoll Lecture,
Houghton, Mifflin
may trust this list, there was once in the vol-
ume, along with additional essays by Bacon, IDEALS OF SCIENCE AND FAITH. Edited by Rev. J. E.
the lost play of “The Ile of Dogs' by Nash,
Hand. New York: Longmans, Green & Co.
BALANCE, the Fundamental Verity.
and 'Asmund and Cornelia’; also two Shake-
Boston: Houghton, Miffin & Co.
By William Osler.
Boston:
1904.
& Co.
By Orlando J.
Smith.


1905.]
87
THE DIAL
The essays
the bush. He even ventures to urge that it is various British writers, edited by the Rev.
not worth one in the bush, when that one hops J. E. Hand, who provides a rather prosy
cheerfully and sings sweetly. What is one to introduction.
are of various
say to such an unreasonable individual ? Must degrees of merit, the best being 'A
we prove that it is in the hand, after all, to Physicist's Approach, by Sir Oliver Lodge,
'
bring about an agreement? That, possibly, is 'A Biological Approach,' by Professors J. A.
not worth while; it is too much like breaking Thomson and Patrick Geddes, 'A Sociolog-
the cup to prove its fragility.
ical Approach towards Unity,' by Mr. Victor V.
The three books at present under review Branford, and 'An Educational Approach -
‘-
attempt, in their several ways, either to move A Technical Approach,' by Professor Geddes.
the wall or justify the individual who would The Rev. John Kelman, in 'A Presbyterian
climb over it. It is hardly possible to take a Approach, frankly accepts the teachings of
precisely neutral position, although that is here science, and sums up his position thus:
and there attempted.
Looking forward, we wait for new light, not only
Dr. William Osler, Professor of Medicine, without trembling for the faith, but with eager
Johns Hopkins University, just now appointed curiosity that we may understand our faith more
Regius Professor of Medicine in the University
perfectly. Looking back, along the line of the his-
tory of Presbyterianism, we see a long controversy,
of Oxford, delivered the Ingersoll Lecture
due mainly to a misunderstanding. But behind and
on Immortality at Harvard University in 1904. beneath all controversy, we are proud to recognize
Coming after James, Fiske, and others of high
in Presbyterian faith the basal principles of all true
science the demand for unity and order, and the
renown, he was justified in the expression of
assertion of the rights of intellect.' (P. 245.)
a certain modest timidity; but as we close the
little book we feel proud to be of the English-
On the other hand, Mr. Wilfrid Ward, speaking
speaking race, with a language capable of being for the Church of Rome, says:
put to such worthy use. The argument is not The results of the scientific movement, as they
of the strenuous sort; the words flow gently
come to us from the hands of the opponents of
Christianity, the church cannot accept. They are
and naturally, as they expose the mellowed
not pure science. What is advanced as science is in
thought of a mature and reverent mind. As we reality often subtly coloured by the prepossessions
found in reading James, the very mildness of
of its advocates. Only learning and thought among
the insistence, the very modesty of the presenta-
Christians themselves, fairly equal in extent and
quality to those of their opponents, can afford the
tion, lends to it a force which is not at all
means for the desired synthesis.' (P. 322.)
inherent in many a fist-aided pulpit oration.
We may be permitted a single quotation, suf-
Mr. Branford's essay is a very suggestive one,
ficiently long to give a good idea of the lan-
setting forth the view that human activities
continually tend to run — not exactly to
-
guage and the meaning.
• A word in conclusion to the young men in the
seed, but to barrenness in formalism and
audience. As perplexity of soul will be your lot
ceremonialism. That which was first symbolic
and portion, accept the situation with a good grace.
is at length taken for the thing it symbolizes,
The hopes and fears which make us men are insep- while the thing itself is forgotten. In religion
arable, and this wine-press of Doubt each one of
the outcome is, of course, idolatry; in industry
you must tread alone. It is a trouble from which
no man may relieve his brother or make agreement
it is finance, whereby the manipulation of the
with another for him. Better that your spirit's tokens of wealth is supposed to be equivalent
bark be driven far from the shore - far from the
to the production of goods, and the rich man
trembling throng whose sails were never to the
has often no more relation to the sources of
tempest given than that you should tie it up to
rot at some lethean wharf. On the question before
his gains than the idol has to the God (or, if
us wide and far your hearts will range from those you like, idea) he was originally intended to
early days when matins and evensong, evensong | typify. In literature and art, the equivalent
and matins sang the larger hope of humanity into
your young souls. In certain of you the changes
of idolatry is found in the work of the stylists,
and chances of the years ahead will reduce this to
who are satisfied with clever technique, though
a vague sense of eternal continuity, with which, as the result may be idiotic or beastly to the man
Walter Pater says, none of us wholly part. In a who looks beneath the surface. In politics, the
very few it will be begotten again to the lively
hope of the Teresians; while a majority will retain expression of a living need or sentiment tends
the sabbatical interest of the Laodicean, as little at length to crystallize into a rigid law, which
able to appreciate the fervid enthusiasm of the one presently assumes superiority over the people
as the cold philosophy of the other. Some of you for whose good it was made, and compels those
will wander through all phases, to come at last, I
trust, to the opinion of Cicero, who had rather be
who would make necessary readjustments at
mistaken with Plato than be right with those who
times to resort to revolutions. Will our readers
deny altogether the life after death; and this is be scandalized if we suggest that the United
my own confessio fidei.' (Pp. 42-43.)
States Constitution is already too much like an
The volume entitled “Ideals of Science and idol ? Science does not escape from the tend-
Faith' consists of series of essays by ency to formalism any more than religion, poli-
а


88
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
tics, industry, or art. If it now seems free, it the continents to Siam, that kingdom both new
is because in the more civilized countries it is and old, and across the waters to the northern
growing rapidly; but those who are intimately United States, the recent books of travel afford
acquainted with its condition are well aware more than a glimpse of a world in which the one
that 'eternal vigilance is the price of liberty, salient fact is human sympathy and earnest
in science as elsewhere. There have been times endeavor at understanding and interpretation.
when science was almost the least progressive All these books, some of them as beautiful as
of human activities, and our author intimates modern color processes for real works of art
that certain phases of mathematics today come can make them, most of the others with photo
dangerously near to pure formalism.
graphs reproduced in half-tone, - survey the
Mr. Orlando J. Smith, in his book called foreigner with pleasure and in friendship, seek-
• Balance,' endeavors to deduce human immor- ing to bring the people of the world together
tality, and other things, from Newton's postu- on a basis of common sympathy and apprecia-
late that 'to every action there is an equal and tion, and succeeding to a marked degree. No
opposite reaction.' In other words, to revert to one will rise from a reading of these numerous
the simile given at the beginning of this article, works without being more amicably disposed
he undertakes to prove that these things are
toward those of other climes and races, with-
not really outside the wall. The result is unsat- out a widening of sympathies as well as a
isfactory to the materialists, who do not accept deeper comprehension of facts. And this is
his demonstration as valid, and equally so to very modern and significant.
those who like the other side of the wall, because The most beautiful of these books is that for
it is the other side. The little book was sent to which Mr. Hallam Murray has made a devout
a large number of persons (mostly D.D.'s, but pilgrimage 'On the Old Road through France
including Messrs. Mallock, Benjamin Kidd, to Florence. In the earlier half of his jour-
etc.) before publication, with requests for a ney, from Rouen to the confines of Italy at
review, and these reviews, favorable and unfav- Mentone, he was accompanied by Mr. Henry
orable, have been published with it. Further W. Nevinson, in the latter half, on to the
review is therefore perhaps superfluous, though beauties of Florence, by Mr. Montgomery Car-
there are many things one would like to say. michael. The text of the book is subordinate
T. D. A. COCKERELL.
to the illustrations, of which there are no fewer
than forty-eight in color, admirably printed on
paper more dull and hence more grateful to
the eye than usual, besides eighteen sketches
printed in the text. The cover shows the fleurs-
de-lis of France and of Florence, wi
-
the
WANDERINGS OVER FOUR CONTINENTS.*
scallop shell of Normandy and the pilgrim, a
Through Latin Europe, France, Italy, Por- commendable and appropriate bit of symbolism.
tugal, devout pilgrimages paid by painters and The narrative, however, refuses to stand upon
men of letters to ancient shrines of art and a lower level even than Mr. Murray's beautiful
architecture; hasty trips by men of affairs, pictures, being informed with the spirit of true
across to Morocco in the interests of diplomacy literature, filled with historical references, and
and the world's well-being, up the Nile, over not without the glamour of poetry from the
ten provinces of Turkey in Asia to the lands where the world of modern poesy came
Euphrates, into inner Jerusalem, north to Rus- into being. There is, for example, a chapter
sia, back to Scotland, then in one leap across in Mr. Nevinson's account on Minor Saints
*ON THE OLD ROAD THROUGH FRANCE TO FLORENCE. Anglo-French Agreement. By M. Aflalo. With a Preface
By A. H. Hallam Murray. Accompanied by Henry W. by R. B. Cunninghame Graham. New York: John Lane.
Nevinson and Montgomery Carmichael. Illustrated. New
ALONG THE NILE WITH GENERAL GRANT. By Elbert
York : E. P. Dutton & Co.
E. Farman, LL.D. Illustrated. New York: The Grafton
THE LOG OF THE GRIFFIN. The Sory of a Cruise from Press.
the Alps to the Thames. By Donald Maxwell. Illustrated. DAR-UL-ISLAM. A Record of a Journey through Ten
New York: John Lane.
of the Asiatic Provinces of Turkey. By Mark Sykes.
THREE WEEKS IN EUROPE. The Vacation of a Busy With Appendix by John Hugh Smith, and Introduction by
Man. By John U. Higinbotham. Illustrated. Chicago : Professor E. G. Browne. Illustrated. New York: Im-
Herbert S. Stone & Co.
ported by Charles Scribner's Sons.
SUNSHINE AND SENTIMENT IN PORTUGAL. By Gilbert
BY NILE AND EUPHRATES. A Record of Discovery
Watson. Illustrated. New York: Longmans, Green & Co. and Adventure. By H. Valentine Greer. Illustrated.
THE LAND OF RIDDLES (Russia of To-Day). By Hugo New York: Imported by Charles Scribner's Sons.
Ganz. Translated from the German by Herman Rosen-
INNER JERUSALEM. By A. Goodrich-Freer. Illus-
thal. New York: Harper & Brothers.
trated. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
RAIDERLAND. All about Grey Galloway, Its Stories, THE KINGDOM OF SIAM. By the Ministry of Agricul-
Traditions, Characters, Humours. By S. R. Crockett. ture, Louisiana Purchase Exposition, Siamese Section,
Illustrated by Joseph Pennell. New York: Dodd, Mead Edited by A. Cecil Carter, M.A. Illustrated. New York:
& Co.
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
THE TRUTH ABOUT MOROCCO. An Indictment of the
IN TO THE YUKON. By William Seymour Edwards.
Policy of the British Foreign Office with Regard to the Illustrated. Cincinnati: The Robert Clarke Co.


1905.]
89
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66
و وو
-
and Prophets,' from which the following is ing an expedition for excavating certain lime-
worth reprinting :
stone caves near Faro, and that nothing par-
• Minor saints, minor poets,- the whole of this ticular came from either the love affair or the
country of Languedoc and Provence has been full
excavation, except the present book. It justi-
of them. They are the great benefactors of man.
fies its name, for it is bright and sunny, and
kind. The times that produce great saints and great
poets can look after themselves. When St. Francis succeeds in giving an idea of certain unin-
or Dante is at work, no one is likely to forget the spected sides of the Portuguese character, induc-
worship of the Holy Ghost. But it is during the ing the reflection that very little is known about.
years when the spirit of man burns low, when peo-
a country that appears to improve mightily upony
ple live and die with souls unkindled, wallowing
in the common round, the daily task, the struggle
intimate contact. The illustrations, which
for an average and uninspired existence - it is then are rather indifferent, appear to be by the author.
that the minor saint, the minor poet, fulfill their
benefaction and maintain the tradition of that holy
There is little in the book of Dr. Hugo Ganz
spirituality which neither strives, nor cries, nor concerning the Russia of to-day that adds to
pays.'
the recent knowledge poured forth so profusely
To build a boat in the mountains of Switzer- concerning that unhappy land. He proves it
land, convey it to Lake Zurich, and thence to be indeed The Land of Riddles,' as many
“
navigate it (when it was not being towed) down
a traveller has done before him; but he does
the Rhine through Germany and Holland and
this largely out of the mouths of distinguished
across to the mouth of the Thames, surely individuals whose names he withholds. Him-
make up an achievement sufficiently remarkable
self an Austrian, with prejudices under full
to deserve commemoration in book form. Hence
control, he made no special preparation for his
Mr. Donald Maxwell's “ Log of the Griffin
sojourn under alien skies, — his chief concern
will be found full of strange events, told with seemingly having been to escape the courtesies
the utmost good humor, and—as the purpose of
—
of the Russian secret police, about whom he had
the long voyage was rather the making of pic-
every reason to feel apprehensive. He has
tures than anything else — full also of charm-
much to say about von Plehve which seems to
ing sketches of German and Dutch scenes, indicate that his taking off was a great national
partly the work of the author and partly that benefit. One searching chapter on the imperial
of his first mate and sole companion, Mr. Cot- family is perhaps the most enlightening series of
tington Taylor. There were some exciting
statements in the book, — certainly the most
events during the voyage, - the 'Griffin significant at this time. With a kindness of
was twice shipwrecked, and the manner in heart and intention that cannot be gainsaid,
which it was greeted by the inhabitants along there is nevertheless in the Czar a weakness of
the river is really illustrative of national char-
judgment described as “almost pathological,
acter: it was not until the little ship was in and this with an intellect which Dr. Ganz says
the Thames that it was subjected to ridicule! can best be characterized as “subtle.'
After
Without being in any way a serious work, the
reading the book, Russia still remains the land
narrative commends itself as well-told, vera- of contradiction. The translation, by Mr.
cious, original; while in its artistic aspect the Herman Rosenthal, is into excellent English.
book is beautiful.
Old Galloway, especially that portion of it
As evidence of what can be done by the
known as the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright, is
strenuous traveller in a very short time, the
exploited by Mr. S. R. Crockett in his "Raider-
book by Mr. John U. Higinbotham, a busi-
land,'both historically and in a literary sense.
ness man of Chicago, entitled “Three Weeks
He has gathered together the old legends of a
in Europe,' is noteworthy. Within the brief
spot long independent of settled law as under-
period named, the author contrived to see some-
stood by its neighbors, and has scattered these
thing of Naples, Capri, Pompeii, Rome, Flor-
legends through the work, giving it the air of
ence, Venice, Milan, Lugano, Lucerne, Berne,
a collection of more or less doubtful history
Zurich, Shaffhausen, Bale, and had three days
but of excellent literary material. About these
in Paris and as many in London. The narra-
episodes are woven fragments of description
tive is good-natured, quite without pretension,
and statements taken from the authentic his-
and readable; and it is provided with numerous
tories, bits of modern experiences, and descrip-
illustrations, reproduced from photographs,
tions of natural scenes and beauties. The work
apparently of Mr. Higinbotham's own taking.
concludes with “The Diary of an Eighteenth-
Mr. Gilbert Watson's 'Sunshine and Senti-
Century Galloway Laird,' one William Cun-
ment in Portugal' is a curious book, in which inghame of Coprington, who spent much time
fact and fiction are so commingled that it is in Virginia as manager for the tobacco lords of
difficult to distinguish each from each. We that day. The book has an index, and the
make out that the author fell in love with a drawings of Mr. Joseph Pennell are, as always,
very pretty Portugese girl while accompany- | delightful.


90.
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
Mr. Moussa Aflalo, author of The Truth heart of Mohammedanism,' and is most apt.
about Morocco, ' although a British subject, was His wanderings began at Beyrut, in November,
for almost a lifetime continually connected with 1902, and ended at the Russian frontier not
the courts of successive Sultans of that little far from Mount Ararat, apparently in the mid-
known land. His book is written with an eye dle of 1903. His journey took him to Damascus,
single to overthrowing that policy of Great Palmyra, Aleppo, Zeitun, Diarbekr, Nisibin,
Britain which may be best described as giving Sulimanieh on the Persian frontier, Mosul,
France a free hand for the annexation of the Bitlis, Van, and Mosuna, and thence home by
Morocco territory to its other northern African way of Orgoff, Tiflis, Batum, and the Black
possessions, in return for a freer hand accorded Sea. Mr. Sykes, it seems, is an Irishman, and
England in the settlement of questions now he brings to his book a keen sense of the ridic-
agitating the Far East, - in effect a partial ulous which compels his delighted readers to
abrogation of the alliance between France and share with him many wonderful things he came
Russia. It is, in the main, an attack upon upon during his extended tour, some of it over
Lord Lansdowne's policy in respect to Morocco lands little known to the Caucasian of to-day.
and England's commercial interests there, and Of these he drew sketch maps, and his text
devotes itself to showing how great the loss corrects some errors of the guide-books, which
will be when France has assumed control, and in the main, however, were found accurate. He
how thoroughly everything painfully done to shared the life of the people among whom he
raise British prestige through a long series of sojourned, and he has kindly words to say for
years has been overturned by a scratch of the the Turk at all times,
many more, in fact,
pen. The book presents a thorough statement than for the degraded races to which the Otto-
of the attitude of Morocco toward the outer man empire, in spite of impressions to the con-
world, by one in possession of the facts. trary, is still bringing peace and enlighten-
The Hon. Elbert E. Farman was for many
ment. He dwells on the democracy of the
years United States Consul-General at Cairo,
East, too firmly a part of the daily life to
and as the highest official representative of his
require argument regarding it. We reproduce a
country in Egypt at the time of General
passage describing an incident witnessed by the
Grant's visit to that interesting region in May
author at Constantinople.
and June of 1877, he was thrown into intimate
“We passed the funeral of a Hamal porter. In
Moslem countries it is customary for the friends
association with that distinguished soldier dur-
of the dead to carry them to the grave, taking turns
ing his tour up the Nile. By skilfully blend- to put their shoulders beneath the load; but this
ing with his descriptive narrative, ‘Along the poor, rough coffin was only borne by three, and no
Nile with General Grant,' a really profound
one followed to mourn or help. In the midst of
the bustle of the street, the cracking of whips, the
knowledge of Egyptian antiquities and of the
cries of the hawkers, the laughter and playing of
most modern developments, Mr. Farman has children, this sad, shuffling, laboring group had a
succeeded in keeping his book fully up to the piteous and forlorn appearance. On the other side
times in one respect, while presenting an excel-
of the road walked a Palace aide-de-camp tightly
laced in a smart Prussian uniform; he jingled his
lent portrait of Grant on the other. To Amer- spurs and clanked his sword in the manner of the
icans, nothing can be of more interest than the continental officer; he curled his mustache like a fop
report of Grant's conversation during the jour-
and smoked his cigarette with an air of languid
ney, given in the General's own words.
condescension, in excellent imitation of the lieuten-
ant of Western Europe and his marvelous swagger,
"When I went to Washington to take command born of years of peaceful armament; but stil when
of the armies, I had in mind three plans for a move- this man saw the funeral, he hooked up his sword,
ment upon the forces under General Lee. One was threw away his cigarette, and, stepping out into
that which I adopted. A second was to divide the the street, put his shoulder under the coffin and
army of the Potomac into three divisions, and with strode along sharing the burden with the three
ten days' rations cut loose from Washington and ragged porters.'
move quickly to the northwest of Richmond and
compel Lee to fight immediately a decisive battle.
Mr. H. Valentine Greer, an Englishman, was
If I had then had two generals that I had known associated with the researches conducted by the
as well as I afterwards knew Generals Sherman and
University of Pennsylvania on the site of
Sheridan, and in whose ability I had had the same
confidence that I afterwards had in theirs, I should
ancient Nippur in Mesopotamia, and with Pro-
have adopted this plan. I would have taken com- fessor Flinders Petrie in the excavations in
mand personally of one of these divisions and placed Egypt; and he has combined the results of
the two Generals each in command of one of the
his experiences in a book entitled “By Nile and
others. But I had no generals that I then dared
to trust with so important an undertaking.
Euphrates.' So far as the valley of the latter
I adopted the first because I regarded it as certain river is concerned, he has a tale of its inhabi-
of success, though I knew it would involve hard tants and their rulers, the Turks, varying con-
fighting and great sacrifices.'
siderably from that of Mr. Sykes, in the book
Dar-ul-Islam,' the title of Mr. Mark last mentioned, — it may be assumed, because
Sykes's really enjoyable volume, signifies the he was brought into little contact with the


1905.]
91
THE DIAL
Ali
6
>
Turks as individuals. Of the scientific and his- could add to her prestige in this region, while
torical results of his various excavations he the comparatively recent visit of the German
has almost nothing to say, those being reserved Emperor has been productive of striking results.
for the official publications of their directors.
A number of Siamese officials gathered
One of his experiences at Bahsamun, near Fay-
together at the recent Louisana Purchase Expo-
oum, is worth reprinting.
sition in St. Louis have combined to give a
'In one tomb I had a curious experience.
graphic and authentic account of the land they
had just cleared the entrance from the shaft as I
came upon the scene, and as I looked into the serve, calling the work The Kingdom of
chamber by the light of a candle it seemed as if the
Siam.' It contains everything the stranger
place had never been touched. There were more needs to know of a fascinating country, pros-
than a dozen bodies, which were ranged around
the walls, and the floor was covered with a thick
pering under an autocrat so modern that he
layer of dust. The ininute I stepped into the cham-
justifies the old statement regarding the gov-
ber I broke the crust of dust, and before my aston- ernmental efficiency of the benevolent despot,
ished eyes the whole contents of the tomb crum- with customs and laws as exotic as can well be
bled away instantly. It was rather an uncanny
imagined. Siam has taken long strides for-
sight, but the explanation was simple enough. The
dust had settled over the bodies, after the last
ward in recent years, as the statistics adduced
burial, and becoming moist had practically taken bear ample witness; and there seems to have
a mould of everything that lay under it and hard- been a hand sufficiently restraining to keep the
ened sufficiently to keep its shape as the shrinkage
people of the kingdom from the specious
and sinking of what lay beneath had taken place.
Utterly undisturbed, it had been strong enough to
advances of Christendom, implying slums no
support its own weight, but, naturally, when I trod less than palaces. The book has no literary
upon it the lot crumbled to powder.'
endeavor manifest in its pages, being rather a
The author gives an account of the misunder- complete hand-book of the kingdom, with
standing which sent him back to England after numerous illustrations of persons and places,
he had reached the site of Nippur, in full an encyclopædia in little.
accordance with Professor Hilprecht's state-
Camera in hand, Mr. William Seymour
ments. The book is well illustrated with repro-
Edwards set forth from his home in West Vir-
duced photographs.
ginia in August, 1903, on a long journey to
In a portly volume entitled 'Inner Jeru- the North by way of the great lakes. He
salem,’ filled with illustrative photographs of returned late in October, stopping at the Fair
places and scenes, Mr. A. Goodrich-Freer has in Buffalo on his way. Letters home, written
contrived to answer a great many interesting in simple and straightforward style, and reveal-
questions regarding life in the Holy City, so ing a pleasant personality, have been gathered
that the reader rises from the work with a into a pleasant volume bearing the title 'In to
sense of having at last learned just what Jeru- the Yukon,' which, if it says nothing new, at
salem means to its widely assorted inhabitants, least says it brightly and interestingly. The
especially to those who comprise the European illustrations consist of reproduced snap shots
colonies there. The knowledge displayed in taken by the author.
WALLACE RICE.
the book is such as could have been acquired
only by long residence, and is used with dis-
crimination and a sympathetic outlook upon
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
the curious ramifications of temporal and spir-
itual power. Mr. Freer gives some statistics A manual for
Mr. George E. Roebuck, district
concerning Protestant missions in that quarter, the library librarian at Stepney, and Mr.
which go to show that the expense of bringing
assistant. William Benson Thorne, district
an occasional unbeliever to the Cross is some-
librarian at Bromley, have issued ' A Primer of
what disproportionate to results achieved else-
Library Practice for Junior Assistants' (Put-
nam), which naturally adapts itself more partic-
where. He summarizes the results of the
ularly to the needs of English than of American
activities of the Church Missionary Society library workers, little as one might think these
(Anglican), from 1895 to 1901 inclusive, as needs should differ in the two cases. Perhaps
follows: In seven years there has been a
the chief interest of the book to us lies in its
total expenditure in Palestine of £114,370. revelation of these differences of library organi-
The number of adult baptisms has been nine, zation, management, and ideals - these in turn
at the cost of £12,707 per head.' It
being conditioned by the nature of the communi-
is to be observed that here the Protestants are
ties which the libraries serve. The book opens
with a brief outline of public library history in
debarred from attempting to convert members
of other Christian churches, and from pros-
Great Britain, where the first public subscription
library, the London Library, came into being more
elytization among Moslems, as matters of essen-
than a century after our first similar experiment,
tial comity and policy. England appears to the Library Company of Philadelphia. Com-
be exceedingly backward in everything that pared not only with America, but also with
>


92
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
6
>
6
continental Europe, England was slow to see the tables, and who hate anything like fine writing,'
need of public libraries. Chapters two, three, eloquence, or' gush.' Dr. Dyer did a noble work
and four deal with organization, classification, in establishing the College of Engineering in
and cataloguing, and such minor details as book- Japan in the seventies; and his monument may
repairing, correspondence, reports, helping read- be beheld not only in the title ' Emeritus Profes-
ers, and what to do in emergencies. Chapter five sor Imperial University' of Tokio, and in the
treats of library extension work, a branch_of bronze bust upon a column which his Japanese
public service less developed than with us. The admirers have raised in his honor, but also in
final chapter is really the only one dealing the superb material results visible in the army,
specifically with the library assistant, for whom navy, railways, factories, and multifarious oper-
the book was written. Matters of personal con- ations in Japan. At the end of each of his
duct and obedience to superiors are discussed, twenty chapters he gives a bibliography; but in
and fatherly advice is freely offered to the ambi- his text he quotes entirely too much from Pro-
tious subordinate who hopes to rise. The impor- fessor Chamberlain and other British writers,
tance of general information, of knowing some- thus revealing his limitations on the ideal side
thing of everything rather than everything of of life. The style of the book is pragmatic, and
something, is dwelt upon. The usefulness of not calculated to thrill; but in one point Dr.
this smattering of knowledge in library work is, Dyer has excelled all other writers on Japan.
perhaps unfortunately, not to be denied; yet our He shows clearly and forcibly, as well as copi-
authors would have done well to advise in addi. ously, what the great army of Yatoi, hired assist-
tion a scholarly application to some one branch ants and salaried organizers and advisers, in the
of learning. A few matters of no value to days of their youth and strength thirty years
American library workers will be found in the ago, did for the Japanese in raising their ideals
book, such as the numerous references to the and pointing the way to future success. In cer-
• indicator' and its proper use. Since the old tain chapters,– like those on the fall of Feud-
Boston Public Library indicator was discarded, alism, the Japanese Mind, Transition, Education,
thirty years ago, this cumbersome and in large etc.,- Dr. Dyer shows little acquaintance with
libraries impracticable method of showing what the native literature or history apart from what
books are in and what are out, has rarely if ever one can pick up by reading foreign books; but
been employed in our libraries. In the chapter his other chapters, on Industrial Developments,
on cataloguing, which might well have discussed Art Industries, Commerce, Administration, and
more at length the various kinds of catalogues, Finance, are handled in a bold and masterly
the usefulness in many instances of a title entry way. Like all who have served the Japanese
together with subject and author entries is longest as co-workers and brothers in sympathy,
insufficiently recognized. An appendix gives the Dr. Dyer scouts the idea of any ' yellow peril.
Public Library Act of 1892. A second appendix He finds more to dread in the future from the
outlines a course of reading for junior assistants. royal and imperial pharisees of Europe than
As a work of literature this primer leaves some- from anything likely to arise from Japan or
thing to be desired. In a treatise emphasizing China. There is a good map, with appendices,
again and again the importance of accuracy and
bibliography, and an index. The book is printed
of attention to details, it is startling to meet on good honest English paper, and is imported
with so slovenly a sentence as this, having refer- into this country by Messrs. Charles Scribner's
ence to these very matters of detail: But if, Sons. Alas for publishers' ignorance of Jap-
as is often unfortunately the case especially anese imperial susceptibility! As in the cases
when a new library has to be prepared for of Dr. Gulick's and Lafcadio Hearn's latest
opening in a very limited time – they are neg. books, the publishers of this one will doubtless
lected, it will be found very difficult to after- find that any book with the sixteen-petalled
wards teach the staff the wisdom of so doing.' chrysanthemum on its cover is not allowed to be
As an example of the printer's art, the little sold publicly in the Japanese Empire.
book is irreproachable.
The theory
For some time the need has been
More students'
All available search-lights are now of organic felt, especially by teachers, for a
search-lights directed upon Japan, for the study evolution. brief, non-technical exposition of
on Japan. not only
of
contemporaneous the theory of organic evolution, which should
erents, but also of their historic and prehistoric adequately set forth not only the fundamental
causes and origins. Profoundly different, and facts on which that theory is based, but also the
startling by their contrast, are the methods of standpoint and results of present-day investi-
the late Lafcadio Hearn, who was a human gators in this field of biology. To meet this need
camera with a limitless supply of sensitive plates has been the aim of Prof. Maynard M. Metcalf
in the storehouse of his nature, and of Dr. Henry in his “ Outline of the Theory of Organic Evolu-
Dyer, a hard-headed, thick-skinned Scotchman, tion' (Macmillan). The book is the outgrowth
who states all that he sees and knows in terms of a series of lectures given to the classes in
of plainest common sense. This latest book on biology at the Woman's College of Baltimore,
Japan – Dai Nippon, a Study in National Evo- and consequently the author has had the advant-
lution '- belongs to the literature of knowledge, age of being able by actual trial to adapt his
and will interest especially those who like unem- matter to the comprehension of those not espe-
broidered facts and plenty of statistics and cially trained in the biological sciences. The plan
6
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1905.]
93
THE DIAL
6
6
6
followed in the treatment of the subject is some- made to serve as type of the indifferentist, if
what different from that which has become con- the word may be allowed. The author's search
ventional in popular lectures and treatises on for those subtle elements in character and train-
evolution. The first half of the book, roughly ing that produce pococurantism' in all its
speaking, is occupied with a very condensed out- varied forms fails, apparently, to hit on what
line of the theory of organic evolution as it is would seem to be a not infrequent cause,
held by the majority of biologists at the present exalted idealism combined with a too insistent
time, together with a brief account of some of consciousness of the yawning gap forever sepa-
the more important objections that have been rating conception and realization. Perhaps, how-
urged against it. The stock evidence usually ever, he would make the resultant discourage-
adduced in its support is presented separately ment and listlessness merely another form of
in the second half of the book under the head- that weakness of the will which he names, or
ing The Phenomena Explained by the Theory.' of the hypercritical temperament which he also
Aside from this departure in the grouping of the recognizes. The chapter on
Hawthorne at
material, the treatment does not differ essen- North Adams' is admirable, written as it is by
tially from that usually followed by popular a true lover and skilful interpreter of Haw-
writers on the subject. An excellent account is thome, and also a native of that rugged little
given of the principal facts regarding coloration corner of Massachusetts dominated by Greylock
in animals. One of the concluding sections is
Mountain and the Hoosac and Taconic ranges.
devoted to the relation of man to evolution, in
The six short studies as a whole reveal a certain
which the author earnestly urges the importance fine artistic detachment in the writer's nature,
of educating public opinion to the necessity of He has something of Signor Pococurante in him,
attention to those principles of good breeding, and also a sufficient infusion of Candide, both
in the literal sense, which are essential to true of them characters for whom he manifests a
evolutionary progress in the human species. Two liking. In short, to apply to him words of his
features of the book are especially praiseworthy: own, he is one of the speculative, amused, ,
first, the clearness and distinctness with which undeluded children of this world.' Sanity, bal-
essentials are presented; second, the wealth of ance, kindliness, unite with insight and imagina-
illustration. It is safe to say that no previous tion to give his pages their peculiar charm.
popular treatise on evolution has been so com-
pletely and so well illustrated as this. The fact
Wellington,
In the series of biographical
that the figures are for the most part copied
and England's studies which concerns itself with
from other sources necessitates a considerable military power. the lives and characters of the
variation in their quality, but the occasional
shortcomings in the matter of quality are amply
great worthies of history, and is called The
Heroes of the Nations ' (Putnam), the latest
compensated for by quantity. The chief criti-
volume is given to a survey of the career of
cism to be made regarding the book as a whole
is its failure to give any adequate account of
Wellington, by Mr. William O'Connor Morris.
The book takes the form and scope made familiar
the important results of many of the recent
to us by the preceding volumes of the series;
investigations in the field of evolution. One
and the aim of the editors, – to select characters
especially misses an account of the results of
• about whom have gathered the great traditions
the application of statistical methods to the
problems in this field. With the exception of
of the nations to which they belonged, and who
the book admirably meets the need for a popular
have been accepted, in many instances, as types
of the several national ideals,'— has been abun.
this single marked defect, we can but feel that
dantly realized in the choice of Wellington. The
and accurate account of the theory of organic
sub-title, too,- the revival of the military power
evolution.
of England'-is suggestive of the identifica-
Some noteworthy tion to secure a wide reading for
It needs no reviewer's commenda- tion of the period with the man. Judge O'Con-
Atlantic essays.
nor Morris seemed especially fitted for his task
Mr. Bliss Perry's volume of by his exhaustive researches for his earlier suc-
essays,
Amateur Spirit' (Houghton, cessful work on · The Campaigns of 1815 '; and
Mifflin & Co.). Indeed, they are already well the fact that ten of the thirteen chapters of the
known from having appeared originally in The present book are devoted to Wellington's mili-
Atlantic Monthly '- with one exception, The tary career, while only three describe his polit-
Life of a College Professor,' which was printed ical life, is fairly indicative of the relative
in ' Scribner's ' before the writer had exchanged importance of these two periods to English his-
the professor's for the editor's chair. His title- tory. In his estimate of the Duke's achieve-
chapter balances, in a keenly appreciative and ments, Judge Morris does full justice to his
discriminating manner, the conflicting claims of great opponents Napoleon and Soult, while pro-
amateurism and professionalism in the great testing against the extravagance of Napier's
business of life, and leaves us to hope with the eulogies on both these captains; and he concedes
author that this combination of qualities, this
6
Wellington's inferiority in strategy to the
union of the generous spirit of the amateur with greatest of strategists,' while claiming for him
the method of the professional,' is not an impos- the merit of being a comsummate leader of men
sible ideal. The second essay deals with a quality in battle, which largely atoned for undoubted
quite opposed to that of the amateur, the lover,– strategic errors. ? The book is well indexed, and
indifferentism. Voltaire's Signor Pococurante is abundantly supplied with apparatus of maps,
The
6
6
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94
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
6
6
a
6
6
plans, and illustrations. In a note appended to and the explanation on page 110 of the way the
the preface by Mr. H. W. C. Davis, the editor mottled effect of the centres of antique Ghiordes
of the series, we are informed of the death of rugs was produced, will be appreciated by every
the author shortly after reading the last proofs lover of these beautiful fabrics. Excellent, too,
of this volume, and before he had time to pre- is the advice to become thoroughly acquainted
pare the index. Mr. Davis remarks in the con- with methods and materials before attempting
cluding sentence that the Judge's conclusions, to draw conclusions from the patterns employed,
although they have been challenged by some high and in studying the latter to avoid ' all effort to
authorities, deserve the attention due to acute force the eye to see what does not exist, and to
independent study of the original sources of twist the designs of adventition into those that
information ’; a statement which will probably show deliberate intention.' Pattern, however, is
be indorsed by most readers of the book.
a topic fascinating to the author, who fairly
revels in the reading-in of meanings against
In his · Dictionary of the Drama' which she warns others. Her point of view is
A Dictionary
(Lippincott), Mr. W. Davenport
shown in the absurd definition, ornament is
of the Drama.
Adams has endeavored to provide
decoration that has evolved from patterns that
the student and the general reader with were based on symbols used by primitive peoples
.handy means of reference to the leading to express thought.' And so, in addition to con-
facts of the history of the theatre in the stant references here and there, she devotes a
United Kingdom and the United States.' The whole chapter to Legends and Myths that
scope of the work is such that it seeks to may be illustrated by designs in rugs.'
(The
give information about playhouses and their italics are ours.) Despite its discursiveness, the
designers, plays and their writers and per- book has substantial merit, though its usefulness
formers, their scenic and musical illustrators,
would be much greater if it could be stripped of
and stage literature generally. Names of plays some of its redundant verbiage. The illustra-
are alphabetically entered, followed by the place tions, eight of which are in color, deserve special
and date of their first performance, with details commendation because of the typical character
of their first cast, as well as records of their
of the rugs selected for reproduction.
principal revivals. Special attention has been
given to the stage-history of Shakespeare's plays
The late Professor Alexander
and other classics of dramatic literature. Mr. A biography Bain's Autobiography (Longmans,
of the mind.
Adams's Dictionary will prove invaluable to stu-
Green & Co.) will undoubtedly be
dents of the drama. Being an English work, a disappointment to the reader who is looking for
however, considerable more attention is given literary charm or for any strong infusion of the
to English histrionic nomenclature than to Amer- human interest. It is a dry, concise chronicle,
ican; for instance, Charles Frohman, America's in which first place is given to facts about the
leading theatrical entrepreneur is merely writer's own scientific activity and published
referred to as follows: Charles Frohman became work,-professedly a record of his intellectual
lessee of the Duke of York's Theatre, London, in history first of all. As such it will add something
1897.' This would hardly prove satisfactory -perhaps not very much-to our knowledge of
to an American student in search of historical
the particular doctrines with which Professor
or biographical data. The work is divided into
Bain's name is connected; but the wider interest
two parts, the present being Volume I., A-G. that belongs to a revelation of inner conflict, and
The second volume is promised for early issue. emotional response to the problems of life, is
almost wholly lacking. The narrative parts are
A new
As fine specimens of the art of more particularly disappointing. Famous names
the Oriental rug-weaver become meet us frequently in his pages; but it is usually
Rug-book.
and their market price in the way of colorless statements, which give
advances, the literature about them grows more little sense of the men themselves. Perhaps as
voluminous, as might naturally be expected. The vivid a touch as any is the account of a meeting
latest addition to the list of works dealing with in Paris with Comte, and the description
the subject is Mrs. Mary Churchill Ripley's of the famous philosopher, with his short,
• Oriental Rug Book’ (F. A. Stokes Co.). In paunchy figure, round cropped
round cropped head, and
her desire to be thorough the author has gone far hard features, his bright colored dressing
afield in search of information. Every page gown, his moods of abstraction alternating with
bears witness to painstaking investigation, and to vehement and magniloquent monologue. 'I may
earnest effort to answer all questions that may say again, with regard to Comte, that I never
be asked. But excess of enthusiasm has its knew or could imagine such a case of the nega-
dangers. Though the book contains much that tion of humor. His whole attitude was that of
is new and of value, the useful items are so over- severe denunciation or self-aggrandisement, and
laid by a liberal embroidery of irrelevant matter his only smile was a grin.' However, to him who
that their separation from the overcharged con- can appreciate it, and who does not ask for what
text is attended with some difficulty, notwith- there is no pretense of giving, the book has a
standing the aid afforded by the chart with its certain power in spite of (perhaps to some extent
columns entwined with flowers of thought.' of account of) its severity of treatment and lack
Such information as that given on page 57 con- of extraneous charm. Personally one may not
cerning tests for determining the age of rugs, find either the temperament or the philosophy
6
Oriental
rarer
6


1905.]
95
THE DIAL
:
6
6
of Professor Bain altogether attractive. But no men are to write the books, Southern men those
one can deny a tribute of respect and admiration giving the Southern side, and Northern men the
to the fearless, straightforward, clear-thinking other. The series is to be known as 'The Ameri-
personality, who, by sheer force of hard work, can Crisis Biographies,' and is to be published
practical good judgment, and intellectual acumen, by Messrs. George W. Jacobs & Co. The editor
at last attained for himself the influential posi- has opened the series with a life of Abraham
tion from which prejudices and cliques were so Lincoln, a book of about the size of the single-
long successful in debarring him.
volume biographies of the “ American Statesmen
Series,' and following much the same plan. At
Untrustworthy A book devoted to facts and fig- first thought, one wonders why another life of
information ures and statistics may be forgiven Lincoln of this kind should be written, for there
about Italy. for not being entertaining, but it are already several excellent short biographies
cannot be forgiven for being inaccurate, or, if
of' the first American.' But the series demanded
offered in a new edition or new translation, for
it, and the author has produced a well-balanced,
being out-of-date. Deecke's 'Italy' (Macmil-
Deecke's Italy' (Macmil- readable, compact book, that gives the important
lan), recently translated by Mr. H. A. Nesbitt,
facts of Lincoln's life, and shows him as pos-
is a large octavo volume of nearly 500 pages,
terity will be likely to see him, not as a demigod,
mainly devoted to such subjects as Geology, Pop- but with full appreciation of his character and
ulation, History, Commerce, Political Institu- genius. Belonging to a later generation, the
tions, etc.,-only one of its sixteen chapters
author is free from the bias that is inevitable
treating of the things for which Italy chiefly in one who lived near the days of the war; and he
stands in the minds of most persons, its Art,
has brought to his work historical training and a
Language, and Science. That the book is dull is practised hand.
therefore not surprising; but that it is also full
of errors is both surprising and inexcusable.
Even so simple a matter as the topography of
BRIEFER MENTION.
Rome contains blunders obvious to the most casual
Mr. Isaac Hull Platt's volume on Walt Whitman
visitor. For example, two errors occur in a
is the latest issue of the 'Beacon Biographies’ of
single paragraph (p. 392): the statue of Gior-
eminent Americans, published by Messrs. Small,
dano Bruno is wrongly placed in the Piazza Maynard & Co. Like its predecessors in this trim
Navona (indeed, an earlier page of this same and attractive series, the biography is selective
book locates it correctly in Campo di Fiori), and and compact, consisting of less than 150 pages all
the dome of the Pantheon is alluded to as the told, yet remarkably complete and clear in its
glorious dome built by Agrippa.' Now it has
details. The author is a lover of his poet; but his
presentation in this essay is so sane and so wholly
been a matter of common knowledge, settled by
free from extravagances that it is quite likely to
unquestionable evidence a dozen years ago, that
win the heart of an unprejudiced reader. Indeed
Adrian, and not Agrippa, was the builder of the as a quiet, straightforward, sympathetic appreci-
Pantheon dome, its portico only dating from the ation and interpretation of the good gray poet,'
time of Agrippa. The picture of the Roman this little volume is altogether worth while. The
Forum is fully five years out-of-date, showing internal arrangement of the book includes a chron-
conspicuously a row of modern houses long since
ology and full bibliography, and there is a portrait.
pulled down from its northern border which for- “The Works of Daniel Defoe,' in sixteen volumes,
merly concealed the beautiful ruins of the Basil-
edited by Prof. Gustavus H. Maynadier, are pub-
ica Emilia, the pavement of the Sacred Way,
lished by Messrs. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. This
and the ancient Sepulcretum of pre-historic
is the first complete edition of the writings of
the first great realist.' We cannot help won.
Rome now to be seen there. And when was it
dering how many readers of average general intel-
ever true of this spot (certainly it is not true
ligence could name off-hand enough of the 'works'
now) that it appears a' miserable desert where of Defoe to account for even half of the number of
at most a couple of inquiring foreigners or bored volumes. * Robinson Crusoe’ fills three of them,
sight-seers are wandering about '? On the con- Moll Flanders,' 'Colonel Jacque' and 'The Fortun-
trary, it is the enthusiasm and the large numbers
ate Mistress' two each, and the other seven contain
of sight-seers,- students, and lecturers with
single works and collections. Each volume has an
classes in their trail, - which one is sure to
etched frontispiece and a special editorial introduce
tion, and the set is sold at a very moderate price.
encounter there at any hour of the day and any
The editor, who is already responsible for similar
season of the year, that is the chief drawback editions of Fielding and Smollett, is a competent
to one's enjoyment of this classic spot. If the authority upon eighteenth century literature, and
book is no more trustworthy in its imposing has done his work with commendable scholarship.
tables of statistics than in these simple every- Two new volumes in 'Newnes’ Art Library'
day matters, it is certainly not to be regarded (Warne) are devoted respectively to Raphael and
as an authority.
Constable's Sketches. They are made up, like the
previous volumes of the series, of a brief mono-
The latest
Dr. Ellis Paxson Oberholtzer has graph upon the life and art of the painter, followed
biography undertaken to arrange for a series
by about sixty half-tone reproductions of his works.
of Lincoln
The binding is in paper boards with vellum back.
of biographies, twenty-five in num-
Mr. Edgecumbe Staley furnishes the prefatory notes
ber, of the men who had to do in one way or for the volume on Raphael, in this case chiefly
another with the American Civil War, from biographical, and a list of his principal works, with
Webster and Benton to Jay Cooke. Competent their present locations. “The Betrothal of the Vir-
6


96
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
NOTES.
9
gin' in the Brera is reproduced in photogravure as
a frontispiece. Sir James D. Linton, R.I., writes of
Constable's life and art, explaining the character-
istics of his landscapes and the importance, towards
a true understanding of his art, of the drawings,
sketches, and studies in the South Kensington
Collection, which is the basis of the present volume.
'Government and the Citizen,' by Mr. Roscoe
Lewis Ashley, is a simple text-book of civil govern-
ment, illustrated, and furnished with text questions
upon the several chapters. Mr. Ashley's two larger
works for mature students of the subject are favor-
ably known, and many teachers will be glad that
he has now added to the series a book fitted for the
grammar schools.
The Macmillan Co. publish the
volume.
* Reminiscences of Hoboken Academy' (E. Steiger
& Co.), by Mr. Robert Waters, formerly one of its
teachers, but now superintendent of the West
Hoboken schools, is a brochure of seventy pages,
packed full of enthusiasm and loyalty for the old
academy, and breathing a high-spirited devotion to
the things of the mind and the heart that does one
good to encounter. Though written primarily at
the request of graduates of the academy, and of
chief interest to them, Mr. Waters's pleasant little
pamphlet will prove unusually interesting even to
the general reader.
The subscription edition of "The Novels and
Stories of Ivan Tourguénieff,' published by the
Messrs. Scribner, is at last complete in sixteen vol-
umes, and we have to congratulate those respon-
sible for the enterprise upon the extremely satis-
factory way in which they have performed their
task. Here at last we have the entire work in
fiction of perhaps the greatest of all novelists
presented in admirable English and in beautiful
mechanical form. Miss Hapgood's introductions to
the several volumes are of great value for their
presentation of the Russian critical estimate of the
author. Volumes XIV. to XVI., now published,
include 'Spring Freshets,' thirteen short stories,
and the exquisite 'Poems in Prose.'
Mr. Henry T. Finck's editing of 'Fifty Songs of
Franz Schubert,' which he has just done for the
Musician's Library' of Messrs. Oliver Ditson &
Co., has been conspicuously a work of love, and this
is by no means the first occasion upon which he has
expressed (and imparted to others) his enthusiastic
appreciation of the greatest of the song-writers.'
Indeed, when we look through this collection,
ranging from the 'Gretchen am Spinnrade' of 1814
to the ‘Am Meer' of 1828, we do not find much
difficulty in agreeing with his view that in these
fifty songs 'there is as much genius, and almost as
much variety' as in the editor's earlier collection
of "Fifty Mastersongs by Twenty Composers,'
included in the same series of volumes.
The eighteenth annual volume of the English
Book-Prices Current,' covering the auction season
of 1903-1904, has recently been sent us by the
publisher, Mr. Elliot Stock of London.
So long
have the accuracy and inclusiveness of this stand-
ard reference work been established that its value
requires no further emphasis at this time. With its
American prototype, it should find place on the
shelves of every well-ordered public library. From
the compiler's introduction, we learn that the sea-
son covered in this latest volume was by no means
satisfactory to the trade. While the real treasures
of the book-world have held their own fairly well,
the ordinary items that make up the bulk of the
sales have shown a falling off of from thirty to
forty per cent., as compared to what they have
brought in years of happier commercial conditions.
A new novel by Mr. S. Weir Mitchell and the
Hon. Andrew D. White's autobiography and remin-
iscences are scheduled for March publication by
the Century Co.
A volume devoted to Chaucer, under the editor-
ship of Prof. Fred Norris Robinson, is being pre-
pared for Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.'s well-
known series of 'Cambridge Poets.'
Mrs. Humphry Ward's latest novel, The Mar-
riage of William Ashe,' now appearing serially in
‘Harper's Magazine,' will be issued in book form
by Messrs. Harper & Brothers early in March.
Messrs. A. S. Barnes & Co. publish ‘In the Days
of Shakespeare,' by Mr. Tudor Jenks, a pleasant
book for young readers, in the manner of the
author's recent book about Chaucer and his times.
Dr. Lyman Abbott's recent sermon at Harvard
University, which has provoked widespread discus-
sion, is soon to be published by Messrs. Thomas Y.
Crowell & Co. in à booklet entitled 'God in His
World.'
A volume of "Historical Tales: The Romance of
Reality,' by Mr. Charles Morris, is published by
the J. B. Lippincott Co. The subjects of the tales
are Spanish-American; the language is simple, and
the book has illustrations.
Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co. republish, in a neat
uniform set of four volumes, their books by the
late Lafcadio Hearn. The titles are, ‘A Japanese
Miscellany,' 'Shadowings,' 'Exotics and Retrospec-
tives,' and 'In Ghostly Japan.'
'Four American Indians,' by Mr. Edson L. Whit-
ney and Miss Frances M. Perry, is a reading book
for schools published by the American Book Co.
King Philip, Pontiac, Tecumseh, and Osceola are
the respective subjects of the biographies.
Messrs. R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co. publish a neat
volume containing the 'Inaugural Addresses of the
Presidents of the United States from Washington
to Lincoln,' edited by Mr. John Vance Cheney.
This is the second volume of the ‘Lakeside Classics'
issued by this house.
The new 'Garden Magazine,' published by Messrs.
Doubleday, Page & Co., makes an excellent begin-
ning with its February number; text, illustrations,
and typography being all of the best. The period.
ical will doubtless speedily make itself indispensable
to those whose special interests it serves.
“The Planting of a Nation in the New World' is
the title of the first volume in Prof. Edward Chan-
ning's long-promised History of the United States.
This volume will be issued by the Macmillan Co.
within a month or two, and the remaining seven
volumes will appear at intervals thereafter.
The recent developments in Russia lend unusual
timeliness to Mr. A. Cahan's novel "The White
Terror and the Red,' announced for immediate pub-
lication by Messrs. A. S. Barnes & Co. The book
is said to present a dramatic picture of internal
affairs in the Czar's domain, written from the point
of view of a member of the Revolutionary party.
The 'A. L. A. Catalog' (sic), in its new form,
extended to include eight thousand volumes, is a
work of great usefulness, and the Library of Con-
gress deserves the warmest thanks for having under-
taken its publication and distribution at a nominal
price. It has two parts in one; the former a classi-
fied enumeration, and the latter a dictionary cata-
logue of the best modern type. Since Mr. Melvil
Dewey is the editor (with the assistance of Miss
6


1905.)
97
THE DIAL
6
May Seymour and Mrs. H. L. Elmendorf), the Dewey
system of classification is the basis of the work.
It is an invaluable guide for the small public
library, the school library, and the general reader
in search of the best books upon any particular
subject.
A popular cloth-bound edition of 'A Rose of Nor-
mandy,' by Mr. William R. A. Wilson, has just been
added by Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co. to their popu-
lar fiction series. Mr. Wilson has written another
romance, entitled 'A Knot of Blue,' for spring
publication.
Among the authors to be represented on the
spring list of Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. are
Mrs. Elizabeth Robins Pennell, the Bishop of Ripon,
Mr. Alleyne Ireland, Dr. C. Hanford Henderson,
Prof. arles S. Sargent, Mrs. Mary Austin, Dr.
Lyman Abbott, and Prof. George H. Palmer.
Prof. Lewis Campbell has recently completed a
volume on the Tragic Drama in Aeschylus, Sopho-
cles, and Shakespeare, the purpose of which, he says,
is to invite attention to the essential points of
correspondence between the great masterpieces of
Athens and of Elizabethan England. Messrs. Long-
mans, Green, & Co. will publish the book.
'The Principles and Progress of English Poetry,'
by Professor C. M. Gayley, is published by the
Macmillan Co. It is essentially a book of texts,
from Chaucer to Tennyson, although the amount
of apparatus is considerable, and although there
is an introductory study of a hundred pages on 'The
Principles of Poetry.' Mr. Clement C. Young has
collaborated with Professor Gayley in the prepara-
tion of this work.
Twelve volumes of the 'Kensington' Thackeray,
just sent to us by Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons,
complete the thirty-two volumes of this dignified
and almost monumental library edition of the great
novelist. We have praised it so highly as the
several volumes have from time to time appeared,
that little now remains to be said beyond recording
our satisfaction that the work is complete. The
new plates made by Mr. DeVinne, the fine quality
of paper and binding, the care given to producing
a comprehensive and accurate text, and the abun-
dance of the illustrations, are features that speak
for themselves, and make this edition highly satis-
factory. The Brookfield letters are now for the
first time included in a complete Thackeray, and
a list of characters is now for the first time made.
Herbert as Religious Poet. G. H. Palmer. Atlantic.
Heroines, Love Affairs of. H. T. Finck. Harper.
Insurance Laws. H. W. Lanier. World's Work.
Italian Recollections. Madame Waddington. Scribner.
Jackson and Van Buren Papers. Jas. Schouler. Atlantic.
Japanese Problems. Count Okuma. No. American.
Jiu-Jitsu. H. Irving Hancock. Rev. of Revs.
Korea and its Emperor. W. F. Sands. Century.
La Salle the Great. Henry Loomis Nelson. Harper.
Marine Biology, Studies in. W. S. Harwood. Harper.
Mary Stuart, Youth of. H. W. Longfellow. Harper.
Menelik, Making a Treaty with. World's Work.
Morocco, Conditions in. Philip F. Bayard. No. American.
Newspaper Woman's Confessions. Helen Winslow. Atl'ntic.
Pacific Railroads, A Corner' in. World's Work.
Panama Canal Problems. John Barrett. Rev. of Revs.
Political Economist, The, and the Public. No. American.
Pompeiian Discovery, A New. Ettore Pais. Century.
Poverty, Some Remedies for. G. P. Brett. No. American.
Radium - Cause of the Earth's Heart. Harper.
Railway Rates. W. Morton Grinnell. No. American.
Scandinavia, What People Read in. Rev. of Revs.
Simpler Living, Plan for. G. P. Brett. World's Work.
Singers Now and Then. W. J. Henderson. Atlantic.
Socialism in Europe. F. A. Vanderlip. Scribner,
South Polar Campaign Results. J. S. Keltie. No. Amer.
Spanish Treaty Claims. Crammond Kennedy. No. Amer.
Street-Railway Fares in the U. S. Rev. of Revs.
Theatre, National, Financing the. No. American.
Theatre Folk of New York. John Corbin. Scribner.
Thomas, Theodore. W. J. Henderson. Rev. of Revs.
Venezuela, Industrial Outlook in. Rev. of Revs.
Wall Street as It Is. S. A. Nelson. World's Work.
War, Lessons of, for America and England. No. American.
War, What Justifies Intervention in ? Rev. of Revs.
War Correspondent and Future. T. F. Millard. Scribner.
Wealth, Our Growth in. C. M. Harvey. World's Work.
Wireless Telegraphy, Advance of. World's Work.
LIST OF NEW Books.
[The following list, containing 50 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
February 1, 1905.
Animals, - Do They Think? John Burroughs. Harper.
Arnold, Matthew, Intime. Peter A. Sillard. Atlantic
Bank, A Model.
Will Payne. World's Work,
Beautifying Ugly Things. Mary B. Hart. World's Work.
Biography. William R. Thayer. No. American.
Boston Symphony Orchestra and its Founder. Century.
Business, The Word. Richard Le Gallienne. Harper.
Canada's Attitude toward Us. World's Work.
• Castles, Land of a Hundred.' Ernest Rhys. Harper.
Chicago's New Park Service. H. G. Foreman. Century.
Cleopatras, Six. William Everett. Atlantic.
College Students, Should They Study ? No. American.
Democratic Predicament, The. Edward Stanwood. Atlantic.
Election Expenditures, Publicity of. No. American.
Everglades of Florida, The. Century.
Far East after the War. Baron Kaneto. World's Work.
Fighting-Whales, The Little. J. B. Connolly. Harper.
Finland, The Conflict in. D. B. Macgowan. Century.
German Emperor, The. Andrew D. White. Century.
Gothic in French Architecture. A. Rodin. No. American.
Haicheng, White Slaves of. John Fox, Jr. Scribner.
Hans Breitmann as Romany Rye. E. R. Pennell. Atlantic.
.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
THE CHRONICLES OF AN OLD CAMPAIGNER : M. de la
Colonie, 1692-1717. Trans. from the French by
Walter C. Horsley, Illus. in photogravure, etc., large
8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 479. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$4. net.
HURRELL FROUDE: Memoranda and Comments. By
Louise Imogen Guiney. Illus., large 8vo, pp. 439.
E. P. Dutton & Co. $3. net.
IN THE DAYS OF SHAKESPEARE. By Tudor Jenks. Illus.,
16mo, pp. 238. A. S. Barnes & Co. $1. net.
JOHN BROWN THE HERO: Personal Reminiscences. Ву
G. W. Winkley, M. D.; with introduction by Frank
B. Sanborn. Illus., 16mo, pp. 126. Boston: James
H. West Co. 85 cts, net.
HISTORY.
EARLY WESTERN TRAVELS, 1748-1846. Edited by Reu-
ben Gold Thwaites, LL.D. Vol. XI., Part I. (1819)
of Faux's Memorable Days in America, 1819-1820.
Large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 305. Arthur H.
Clark Co. $4. net.
THE FHILIPPINE ISLANDS, 1493-1898. Edited by Emma
Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson; with
historical Introduction and additional notes by
Edward Gaylord Bourne. Vol. XXI., 1624. Illus.,
large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 320. Cleveland:
Arthur H. Clark Co. $4. net.
SPANISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL TALES: The Romance of
Reality. By Charles Morris. Illus., 12mo, pp. 346.
J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.
GENERAL LITERATURE,
LETTERS OF WILLIAM STUBBS, Bishop of Oxford, 1821-
1901. Edited by William Holden Hutton, B.D.
Illus. in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, uncut, pp.
428. E. P. Dutton & Co. $4. net.
EGOMET. By E. G. 0. 12mo, uncut, pp. 230. John
Lane. $1.25 net.


98
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
SIR EDWARD BURNE-JONES. Illus. in photogravure, etc.,
large 8vo. "Newnes' Art Library." Frederick Warne
& Co. $1.25.
CORNER STONES. By Katherine Burrill. 12mo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 227. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.25 net.
THE OLD FAMILY DOCTOR. By Henry C. Brainerd, M.D.
With frontispiece, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 117.
Arthur H, Clark Co.
THOUGHTS FOR THE OCCASION, Fraternal and Benevolent.
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Seager's INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS
By PROFESSOR HENRY ROGERS SEAGER, of Columbia. 560 pp., Svo. Price, $2.00 net.
The author treats of the principles of Economics in vital relation to the facts and problems of business life.
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THE NIBELUNGENLIED
Translated into rhymed verse in the metre of the original by Dr. GEORGE HENRY NEEDLER, of University College, Toronto.
Gilt top, 385 pp. 12mo. $1.75 net (by mail, $1.87).
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Angell's PSYCHOLOGY
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THE
DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
A POET'S RETROSPECT.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880 ) is published on the 1st and 16th of
each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, 82.00 a year in advance, postage
prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries
comprised in the Poslal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must
be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the
current number. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by erpress or
postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and
for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application;
and SAMPLE Copy on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished
on application. All communications should be addressed to
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER.
No. 448.
FEBRUARY 16, 1905. Vol. XXXVIII.
CONTENTS.
PAQE
À POET'S RETROSPECT
111
O
.
THE AMERICAN LITERARY INSTINCT. Charles
Leonard Moore
113
116
COMMUNICATIONS
The Author of Milton's Prayer of Patience.'
T. W. H.
A Shakespeare Quarto Found. W. J. Rolfe.
A WORDSWORTHIAN IN REMINISCENT MOOD.
Percy F. Bicknell
117
.
.
Lawrence J.
THE IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY.
Burpee
119
.
The great English poet who is now approach-
ing his seventieth year, and who remains the
solitary survivor in the twentieth century of
the great group of nineteenth-century poets with
whom he is associated, is now engaged in super-
intending a uniform republication of his poet-
ical writings. Since these writings occupy
twenty-four volumes of various sizes, since they
are expensive and in some cases out of print,
and since they are, nevertheless, indispensable
to every lover of poetry, it is a cause for thank-
fulness that all of them will soon be obtainable
in a shape both uniform and definitive. The
lyrical section of this new edition is already
complete and in the hands of the public; the
dramatic section, we are assured, will soon
follow.
In addition to the debt under which Mr.
Swinburne has thus placed us, we have also to
thank him for having seized this occasion to
take us into his confidence by publishing a retro-
spective view of his poetical activity, which has
now extended over nearly half a century. How-
ever clearly a poet may reveal himself in his
writings, there is always a peculiar satisfaction
in the supplementary sort of revelation that is
offered when he deigns to tell us something of
their history, and to give us some glimpse of the
light in which they present themselves to his
own consciousness. This is what Mr. Swin-
burne has now done in the lengthy 'dedicatory
epistle' which inscribes his collected poems to
his best and dearest friend.' It is no doubt
true that a poet is not always the best judge of
his own poems, and Mr. Swinburne is as likely
as others to err in this respect, but the interest
of such self-criticism as he gives us is not to be
questioned, and we cannot help wishing that
Tennyson and Browning had likewise left us
some similar subjective measure wherewith to
test our own objective estimate of their work.
In an introductory paragraph Mr. Swinburne
sets forth his theory of the poet's attitude
toward his public in this matter of appraise-
ment and explanation.
'It is impossible for any man to undertake the
task of commentary, however brief and succinct, on
anything he has done or tried to do, without
incurring the charge of egoism. But there are
two kinds of egoism, the furtive and the frank:
and the outspoken and open-hearted candour of
Milton and Wordsworth, Corneille and Hugo, is not
the least or the lightest of their claims to the
regard as well as the respect or the reverence of
MEN AND MANNERS IN TUDOR LONDON.
Arthur Howard Noll
121
THE MONROE DOCTRINE TO DATE.
Oscar Pierce
James
122
SIX GREAT ELIZABETHAN ENGLISHMEN.
James W. Tupper
123
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne . . . 124
Miss Underhill's The Gray World. — Ystridde's
Three Dukes. — Haggard's The Brethren. - Wey-
man's The Abbess of Vlaye.- Conrad's Nostromo.
-Crockett's The Loves of Miss Anne.—Niemann's
The Coming Conquest of England. - Nordau's
Morganatic. Watson's Bethany. -- Hough's The
Law of the Land. - Stevenson's The Marathon
Mystery. Bradford's The Private Tutor.
128
.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
The story of a famous libel case. -- Up-to-date
knowledge of the Forum.—Diary of a poet laureate.
-A novel municipal experiment.--Love affairs of
a famous bachelor. - An episode in Conneaticut
history. - An edition de luxe of the Georgics.' —
The story of Wireless Telegraphy. – A new book
of Irish legends and folk-lore.
6
NOTES
131
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
132


112
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
he says:
their readers.
Whether it is worth while
of translating Mazzini's gospel into verse.
for any man to offer any remarks or for any other
man to read his remarks on his own works, his own
Mazzini was no more a Pope or a Dictator than
ambition, or his own attempts, he cannot of course
I was a parasite or a papist. “I never pre
determine. If there are great examples of absti- tended,' he goes on to say, " to see eye to eye
nence from such a doubtful enterprise, there are with my illustrious friends and masters, Victor
likewise great examples to the contrary. As long as
Hugo and Giuseppe Mazzini, in regard to the
the writer can succeed in evading the kindred
charges and the cognate risks of vanity and humility,
positive and passionate confidence of their
there can be no reason why he should not undertake sublime and purified theology. In this con-
it. And when he has nothing to regret and nothing nection, the author gives us the keynote to all
to recant, when he finds nothing that he could wish
to cancel, to alter, or to unsay, in any page he has
that he has ever written upon the two subjects
ever laid before his reader, he need not be seriously
of religion and politics. On the former theme
troubled by the inevitable consciousness that the
work of his early youth is not and cannot be unnat-
“That the spirit and the letter of all other than
urally unlike the work of a very young man.'
savage and barbarous religions are irreconcilably
In other words, Mr. Swinburne says again, from
at variance, and that prayer or homage addressed
to an image of our own or of other men's making,
the vantage point of his mature years, what he
said of the Poems and Ballads' when they spiritual, is the affirmation of idolatry with all
be that image avowedly material or conventionally
were published in 1866, that they were born of its attendant atrocities, and the negation of all
boy's pastime,' that they were not such poems
belief, all reverence, and all love, due to the noblest
object of human worship that humanity can realize
as a man would write, but that, allowing for the
or conceive.'
limitations and the exuberance of youth, they
were produced in all artistic sincerity. He has
These words are the rational basis upon which
told us since, in imperishably beautiful verse, rest such poems as ‘Hertha, ‘Before a Cruci-
how his life outgrew that boyish phase of riot-
fix,' the ‘Hymn of Man,' and “The Altar of
ous imaginings, how he rode “the red ways of
Righteousness. He claims consistency in his
the revel through,
political doctrine when he says, comparing his
"Till on some winter's dawn of some dim year
later poems with the “Songs before Sunrise,'
He let the vine-bit on the panther's lip
that
Slide, and the green rein slip,
‘Every passing word I have since thought fit
And set his eyes to seaward,'
to utter on any national or political question has
and how, in the end,
been as wholly consistent with the principles which
I then did my best to proclaim and defend as any
"The sweet sea's breath
apostasy from the faith of all republicans in the
Breathed and blew life in whero was heartless death, fundamental and final principle of union, voluntary
Death spirit-stricken of soul-sick days, where strife if possible and compulsory if not, would have been
Of thought and flesh make mock of death and life, ludicrous in the impudence of its inconsistency with
And grace returned upon him.'
these simple and irreversible principles. Monarch-
ists and anarchists may be advocates of national
The critics have long since recovered from
dissolution and reactionary division; republicans
the hysteria which overcame them when they
cannot be.'
first sought to pass judgment on the Poems
and Ballads,' and they hardly need now to be
The poct then gives us a running commen-
reminded that the dramatic studies contained
tary upon his dramatic verse, beginning with
in that volume were neither confessions of a
* The Queen Mother,'' written while yet under
vicious personal experience nor exercises of an
academic or tutorial authority,' and acknowl-
umregulated imagination.
edging it to be imitative of the Elizabethan
model. In · Chastelard’he thinks that 'some-
"There are photographs from life in the book;
and there are sketches from imagination. Some
thing of real and evident life’ is discernible.
which keen-sighted criticism has dismissed with a
* Bothwell’he calls an “epic drama,' and quotes
smile as ideal or imaginary were as real and actual with pardonable pride the praise bestowed upon
as they well could be: Others which have been taken
it by Hugo. Occuper ces deux cimes, cela
for obvious transcripts from memory were utterly
fantastic or dramatic. If the two kinds cannot be
n'est donné qu'à vous.' Mary Stuart' was
distinguished, it is surely rather a credit than a coldly received by the public, but Sir Henry
discredit to an artist whose medium or material Taylor applauded it, and the author avows:
has more in common with a musician's than a
I think I have never written anything
sculptor's.'
worthier of such reward than the closing
It was, as the author says, a “quaint reception' | tragedy which may or may not have deserved
that the book received, and the clatter aroused but which certainly received it. Of the two
by it' was to him a source of no little amuse- Greek plays, he thinks the 'Atalanta ' too
ment.
exuberant, effusive, and irregular, and doubts
Writing of his next book, the glorious “Songs whether the whole is greater than any part of
before Sunrise,' Mr. Swinburne disclaims the it. The “Erechtheus' he views with greater
notion that he was merely engaged in the task satisfaction, and this must surely be the ver-
6
6


1905.]
113
THE DIAL
6
dict of the critic who considers the two works should have found terms for the expression in
in their entirety. Little is said of the four some degree commensurate with his gratitude.
later plays, but the author is careful to remind The two great misapprehensions of the gen-
us, in speaking of them, that he writes, like eral public concerning Mr. Swinburne's work
Charles Lamb, for antiquity. When I write are that it is prevailingly sensual and that its
plays it is with a view to their being acted at verbal affluence conceals poverty of thought.
the Globe, the Red Bull, or the Black Friars.' Both these notions are supremely ridiculous.
Speaking of his lyrical work, Mr. Swinburne The first of these notions is the exact opposite
gives the highest place, and justly, in our opin- of the truth, and could not possibly be enter-
ion, to the two great Pindaric odes, “ Athens' tained by anyone familiar with the work as a
and "The Armada.'
whole. In all but a few of his pieces, he is a
‘By the test of these twoi poems I am content poet of spirit rather than of sense, and austerity
that my claims should be decided and my station is perhaps the most fitting epithet to apply to
determined as a lyric poet in the higher sense of his work. Nor does it take a very prolonged
.
the term; a craftsman in the most ambitious line
of his art that ever aroused or ever can arouse the
study of that work to discover that it is rich
emulous aspiration of his kind.'
in thought and varied in intellectual interest
He happily characterizes and links together the beyond the work of most other poets. Mr.
‘Hymn to Proserpine' and the 'Hymn to Man'
Swinburne would be the last person to deny
as the death-song of spiritual decadence and
that poetry must be the embodiment of ideas,
the birth-song of spiritual renascence.' Of his
or fail absolutely in its mission. His own words
lyrics of nature he writes with exquisite charm,
are these :
and his doctrine is thus expressed :
"There is no music in verse which has not in it
sufficient fullness and ripeness of meaning, sufficient
'Mere descriptive poetry of the prepense and
adequacy of emotion or of thought, to abide the
formal kind is exceptionally if not proverbially analysis of other than the published scrutiny of
liable to incur and to deserve the charge of dulness:
prepossession or the squint-eyed inspection of
it is unnecessary to emphasize or obtrude the per-
malignity.'
sonal note, the presence or the emotion of a spec-
tator, but it is necessary to make it felt and keep By this test he is clearly willing to be judged,
it perceptible if the poem is to have life in it or and we have no doubt that when judged by it
even a right to live.
fairly and fully, he will not be found wanting.
To know how faithfully Mr. Swinburne has fol.
lowed this precept we have but to recall a few
such poems as “A Forsaken Garden,' 'In the
Bay,' and 'By the North Sea.'
THE AMERICAN LITERARY INSTINCT.
Mr. Swinburne's personal and memorial
poems have often brought upon him the charge Geographical and racial explanations of the
of extravagance in praising, and it is only nat- evolution of genius have become somewhat
ural that he should take some account of this faded of late. Even Taine modified his theories
accusation.
considerably after the publication of his ‘His-
'If ever a word of tributary thanksgiving for tory of English Literature.' But one would
the delight and the benefit of loyal admiration like to call his spirit up and propound the
evoked in the spirit of a boy or aroused in the
intelligence of a man may seem to exceed the limit
following problem to him:
'There is a country,
of demonstrable accuracy, I have no apology to
sir, larger in extent than Europe. It is a land
offer for any such aberration from the safe path of
of extremes. In summer it is throughout nearly
tepid praise or conventional applause.'
its whole extent a part of the tropics. In winter
Confessing to rare good fortune in both friends the north pole is seemingly situated in every
and enemies, he declares that it should be city. Its geographical features are on an enor-
'Always a subject for thankfulness and self- mous scale, tremendous mountain systems,
congratulation if a man can honestly and reasonably
vast rivers, limitless plains, unending forests.
feel assured that his friends and foes alike have
been always and at almost all points the very men
It is inhabited by eighty millions of people
he would have chosen, had choice and foresight been
drawn from all the great stocks of the world.
allowed him, at the very outset of his career in It is a new ark where descendants of all of
life.'
Noah's family are reunited. And they are fused
Most of all was he fortunate in winning the together by one system of laws and the use of
friendship of Landor, Mazzini, and Hugo, 'the one language. What, sir, in your judgment,
three living gods, I do not say of my idolatry, should be the resulting literary instincts and
for idolatry is a term inapplicable where the development of such a people?'
gods are real and true, but of my whole-souled Can we doubt that our critic's ashes would
and single-hearted worship.' What wonder that lighten with his wonted fires, that his ghost
he should have sought to find expression in song eyes would glitter with delight, and that he
for the joy of such friendships, and that he would say, though in far more vivid phrase,


114
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
6
something like this: - Excellent! Superb! You outward pressure which would drive us to an
are describing the place and the moment for intenser inward life; third, our almost exclu-
an ideal outburst of literature. The muster of sive preoccupation with commerce and industry.
races in your new empire should bring together Woman and Genius are enemies of old. Pos-
all the instincts and ideals of the world. The sibly the root of their hostility is that they both
North should send you its cloudy gods, its bear children. Another reason is that society
dreamings and its doubts. The South should is the creation of woman and that the rough,
bestow upon you its clear divinities, its passions savage Orson-like Genius is a creature of soli-
and its fire. Your literary population should be tude, and seldom comes into society except to
a cast of stars. Your geographical immensities revolt against it and try to shake it down.
should raise to the nth power all the forces and France is the only nation where woman has a
faculties of the migrating personages of older power and influence comparable with that which
mythologies and literatures. A brighter Hamlet she exercises in America. M. Brunetière, in an
should jostle a darker Othello. The Greek
The Greek admirable essay, has sought to determine the
Achilles, the German Siegfried, the Celtic amount of success with which woman has
Cuchulain should reincarnate themselves in wielded her sceptre in France. He is most
more splendid forms. Art should be the inherit polite; he makes out the best case he can for
ance of your whole people. Your brilliant and the ladies; but in the end he is forced to confess
intoxicating atmosphere should cause them to that not a single Frenchman of first-class talent
talk business in blank verse, do their love- has ever bowed to feminine domination. Third-
making in song, go to church in a galliard, and rate thinkers, lap-dog poets, a long train of
come home in a coranto.
Abbés and Academicians has thronged their
So perhaps it should be — but so certainly salons. But Rabelais, Montaigne, Molière, Cor-
-
it has not been. If one were exactly to reverse neille, Lafontaine, and their like, have shoul-
this imaginary picture one would be nearer the dered their way on without the aid of feminine
mark. Once indeed in our history, back in the plots or applause. It is not that these men did
forties and fifties, there was a stir of intellec- not feel the charm and beauty of womanhood.
tual life in this country. Foreign philosophies
.
Genius generally feels it too deeply. But they
were imported and retailed, native folk-lores declined to submit first-rate intellects to the
were investigated, our men of intellect stood at domination of second-rate ones. It is precisely
the street corners and crowds assembled to listen in those countries where woman is kept in the
to them, there was a cry that we must have a background, in England and Germany, that
national literature. And a very remarkable if the ideal of womanhood blooms most gorgeously
not absolutely great artistic production resulted. in the pages of the poets. Neither France nor
Even then the careers of the greatest were fresh America can show anything in their literatures
illustrations of the fact that when God creates to match the women of Shakespeare and Goethe.
a genius, he signs a lettre de cachet, a sentence And America at least has but few of those
of life imprisonment in the world. Poe was lyrics of love and admiration which are as
practically starved out. Hawthorne would have numerous in the literatures of other nations as
shared his fate but for the accident of his the songs of their birds in spring. Think of the
having a personal friend in Franklin Pierce. long roll of English love poems, – the epi-
Lowell, Longfellow, and Bryant wasted their thalamiums of Spenser, the Elizabethan son-
best years in dry professorial or newspaper nets, the verse of Donne, the Cavalier lyrics,
work. Yet the difference between then and now the triumphant strains of Burns and Shelley,
is enormous. If these people were not rewarded and Tennyson's picture gallery of fair women!
greatly, they were listened to and discussed. With us, Poe's few mystical notes of adoration,
They felt they had a public. It is safe to say two or three southern love-songs, and some
that there was, not relatively but absolutely, rather cold poems by the New England men,
twenty times as much sympathy for and appre | ar
are about all that our women have been able
ciation of things of the mind in their time as to inspire. Probably they do not care; having
there is today.
the reality of reign they may not need verbal
: A recently translated book, 'Success among homage. But their throne has been built up
Nations,' by a brilliant Hungarian, Emil Reich, mainly by the poet. Every educated man sees
devotes a chapter to American possibilities, in his mistress's face not only her own beauty,
intellectual and political. The author has no but the shadow of the beauty of the heroines
great admiration for us and no grave fear of of song. She sums up for him all that ideal
qur dominating the world in either way. He seraglio which has filled his brain since boy-
ascribes the inferiority which he attributes to hood. She is Rosalind and Viola and Imogen,
us to three causes: First, the overwhelming Shelley's Miranda, and Burns's Mary Morison.
influence of our women; second, the lack of And to keep her power alive she needs to be
-


1905.]
115
THE DIAL
ica,
able to compel men to create new images of Commercialism, I fear, is ingrained in Amer-
her grace and charm. Should women ever suc- it is blood of our blood, bone of our bone.
ceed in having poetry dismissed from the ser- Other nations, of course, have been and are
vice of mankind, should they kick down the commercial, and as long as we must eat and
ladder by which they have risen, they will soon have clothes to cover us there is no help for it.
themselves be relegated back into the rank of But in other nations there is a saving sense of
squaws and serfs.
something better. The secret desire of an
Our Hungarian author holds that the Englishman is to be a Lord. The secret desire
strength of Europe is in its division, that the of a Frenchman is to be a Member of the
hard-won boundaries of the different lands have Academy. The secret desire of a German is to
preserved national peculiarities, have fostered write a big book on the Dialects of the Turanian
variety and strength of character, have fenced Tribes. These ambitions are a ferment that
out influences which would have resulted in a elevate and lighten life. I have cast about a
Chinese uniformity. The view is sound. Here good deal for a formula which would express
in America we have established a certain form
the honest ambition of the average American,
of civilization and then set it in motion on its and the other day I found it in the first line
Juggernaut course to crush and roll out all of an insurance advertisement which met my
originality and level the natural elevations and eye.
It ran thus: "To live better and save
depressions of humanity into one desert of more is the big idea which goes to bed with us
commonplace. Everybody must be alike through all. Obviously this sage of the shop does not
'
twenty degrees of latitude and fifty of longi- mean by his 'live better' the same thing which
tude. Even if the type of civilization which Marcus Aurelius meant when he said, “Even
we have evolved were the highest possible, such in a palace life may be lived well.' No! He
sameness would be soul-depressing. Every one, means by it to have more food and better
I suppose, has revolted against the Miltonic clothes and a bigger house and greater social
idea of heaven because of the monotony of importance. There is no harm, indeed there
amiability and harp-playing which prevailed is good in these things; but to make them the
there before Lucifer put some variety into the big idea which goes to bed with us all,' -
place. The slightest acquaintance with foreign why, the Hottentots have a higher hope. No
countries is enough to convince one that the real religion, or art, or literature, no science
cultivation of personality, of eccentricity even,
save that which ministers to material wants,
adds greatly to the delight of human inter- can flourish in a community obsessed by such
course. And of course it is the salt and savor
ambition.
of literature. Compare two contemporary nov- Yet as all men crave permanence, and strive
els, one English and the other American, and to leave some record of themselves, as the savage
it will be seen at once that English life is carves pieces of bone or scratches hunting scenes
infinitely richer in varied types of humanity on the wall of his cave, so we are forced to
than American. It would be interesting to some kind of art. And the kinds of art which
speculate as to the results if the Southern Con- are accepted and are successful among us
federacy had succeeded in breaking up our express our popular instincts. As a corollary
nation. A great slave-holding aristocracy left to the dominance of woman in our life we have
to develop at its own will would probably have a worship of prettiness and decorum. We do
given birth to magnificent personalities. One small things delicately. We are much concerned
sign of the spirit of conformity which prevails with style, and import the last year's fashions
in America is the liking for the study of law, from France and England and make fetiches
which has obtained here from the beginning. of them. As women approve authority, we are
Edmund Burke said in one of his speeches that fond of maxim-makers and moralists and
there had been more copies of Blackstone sold writers who tell us how to succeed in life. I
in the Colonies than in the mother country. have always thought that people must be very
Now law is a narrowing study. It is apt to bad to need to go to church as much as they
make men as sharp and bright and as like as do; and similarly I think the nation must be
pins. I remember once, in a dispute with my old weak mentally and morally which requires so
law preceptor, I drew on a piece of paper a many props of moral phrases and axioms to
perpendicular line and beside it a circle. The support it. On the other hand, our women-
straight line, I said, represented the legal mind, instructed minds shrink from strong passions
the circle the poetical. 'Yes,' answered my and tragic situations. We must apologize for
friend, the lawyer is an integer and the poet indulging in tragedy, as Snug the Joiner apol-
a cipher.' The rejoinder was clever, and it is ogized for bringing a lion into the presence of
odd that men have accepted the same sign as the ladies. Whitman was perfectly right in
a symbol of nothingness and of the universal. his characterization of our lady-like literature.
6


116
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
6
If he had only had the ability to visualize his of the things of the mind. Our poets are driven
ideas, to create instead of merely making cata- into business, our artists into exile. Our
logues of possible characters and giving hints thinkers become college professors, where they
of situations rank from the soil, he would have dry up and blow away. Sir Richard Temple
been a great literary reformer. That he would said once that “None was ever a great poet
have been popular is another thing. Poe, our who did much apply himself to anything else.'
profoundest thinker and artist, is not popular. We cannot expect a great literature if we do
Hawthorne, a tragedian of the spirit, is not not support and back the persons who can pro-
popular. Cooper is only read by boys; Herman duce. But Americans do not want a great
Melville and Brockden Browne are not read at literature. They want, in the inspired words
all. Hardly anything, indeed, is read today of our insurance advertisement, “to live better
except that which deals gracefully with the and save more.' CHARLES LEONARD MOORE.
commonplace, touches on the domestic emo-
tions, or gratifies our social vanity by reviving
the names and deeds of our not very remote
forefathers.
COMMUNICATIONS.
The corollary to the uniformity of our life
THE AUTHOR OF "MILTON'S PRAYER OF
is a notable lack of depth and variety of person-
PATIENCE.
alities in our books. It is hardly too much to
(To the Editor of The DIAL.)
say that there are more vivid, original, eccen-
The reviewer of Mr. Marston's Reminiscences,
tric characters in a single novel of Smollett or
in your issue of January 16, is correct in sup-
Dickens than in our whole novel literature.
posing the poem attributed to Milton on his blind-
Our striving is for good taste, — we are going ness to have been written by Elizabeth Lloyd
to be genteel if we break something; and our Howell. Mr. Marston is also correct, for Lloyd
books reflect the general insipidity and tame-
was Mrs. Howell's maiden name. She changed
ness.
both her name and her religious denomination
The corollary to our commercialism is a
on her marriage; and although really best known
through an allusion to her by Whittier,-the
distaste for the ideal and a craving for cheap poem describing a summer ride with her,--she
a
amusement. Life is not enacted in Wall or
once spoke of him to me in a distinctly superior
Wake street as it is in the plays of Shakespeare and patronizing manner. She was a woman of
or the dramas of Wagner. Dealers in sugar some beauty, but was charged by some of the
and cotton and manipulators of the stock mar- ladies at the summer boarding house where we
ket are not going to believe in gods and ghosts met with wearing ‘plumpers' in her cheeks, what-
and elves and heroes and heroines of romance.
ever they may be,-a form of self-decoration in
When they need relaxation they swap doubtful
which the kindly Quaker poet would have found,
I am sure, some hearty amusement. Mr. Sted-
stories, or read the productions of our immortal
man, in the excellent biographical notes at the
American humorists; or go to see the light and
end of his ‘American Anthology,' speaks of her
frothy performances of our stage. I have in
poems as having appeared in The Wheat Sheaf'
mind a famous club where rich men congregate in 1852. She lived to be eighty-five, but did not
and where the habitués sit around and listen further distinguish herself, I believe. T. W. H.
to the news from the stock ticker, and when Cambridge, Mass., Feb. 4, 1905.
there is any great fluctuation in the market
they get their pencils out and calculate how
A SHAKESPEARE QUARTO FOUND.
much each of their friends has gained or lost
(To the Editor of THE DJAL.)
by the operation. That is an intellectual diver- My friend, Dr. F. J. Furnivall, has just sent
sion of a kind, - but ah! how different from me the “Westminster Gazette for January 13,
the conversation in a street of Athens when
which states that a copy of the 1594 quarto of
Titus Andronicus' has been found in the house
Socrates had gathered a crowd about him, or
the talk in the circles of the Mermaid Inn or
of a countrywoman in Sweden. Such an edition
was entered on the Stationers' Registers under
Johnson's Club, or the intercourse in the court
date of February 6, 1594, as 'a book intituled a
of Saxe-Weimar.
Noble Romaine Historye of Titus Andronicus';
In one of Keats's letters he describes himself but no copy of it has previously been discovered.
as standing in a central street of London and Langbaine, in his 'Dramatic Poetry' (1691), re-
looking north, east, south, and west, and seeing
fers to it, but even at that early date no copy had
nothing anywhere but dulness. We cannot
survived.
always tell at a given time what ferment is
The book is at present in the care of the libra-
rian of Lund University. An offer of £300 has
going on about us, what rich and glorious
been made for it and refused. It will probably
fabrics of thought and art are rising like exhal-
fetch more than double that price when put on the
ations, silently and unseen. But certainly there
market.
W. J. ROLFE.
is little in America today to encourage a lover Cambridge, Mass., Feb. 7, 1905.


1905.]
117
THE DIAL
tion.'
eccentric." “Yes,” exclaimed-I may say growled
The New Books.
- her husband; “Yes, but can you find my cen-
tre!
A visit to Tennyson in 1890 is described.
A WORDSWORTHIAN IN REMINISCENT
The grace and dignity with which the aged poet
Moon.*
bore his weight of years was impressive.
Any book from the pen of Dr. William * There was the keen eagle eye; and though the
Knight, the Wordsworth scholar and St.
glow of youth was gone, the strength of age was
Andrews professor of philosophy, is sure to be in its place. The lines of his face were like the
richly worth the reading. His ‘Retrospects,' furrows in the stem of a wrinkled oak-tree; but
of which the first volume now appears, is a treat his whole bearing disclosed a latent strength
such as his long acquaintance with men of let- and nobility, a reserve of power, combined with
ters, his years of work side by side with them a most courteous grace of manner. I was also
in the field of literature, and his mastery of struck by the négligé air of the man; so differ-
the art of pen portraiture, would have led one ent from that of Browning, or Amold, or
confidently to expect. After noting, in his Lowell.' From the conversation recorded, all
preface, the indisputable benefit to be derived noteworthy, a paragraph on the sonnet may be
a
from communion, whether personal or through quoted.
books, with characters that are strong, orig- 'He said he thought the best in the language were
inal, exalted and benign, that are many-sided, Milton's, Shakespeare's, and Wordsworth's; after
fertile-minded and ideal,' he says a word con-
these three, those by his own brother Charles. “I
at least rank my brother's next to those by the
demnatory of that distorted presentation of a
three Olympians.” He added, “A sonnet arrests
man's life which is not seldom found in the the free sweep of genius, and if poets were to keep
so-called critical biography. “What is posterity
to it, it would cripple them; but it is a fascinating
the better,' he asks, for knowing the verdict of
kind of verse, and to excel in it is a rare distinc-
I ventured to refer to the metrical and
A, B, and C upon “the great of old," whose
structural necessity that its last line should form
spirits still “ rule us from their urns”; more the climax, both of thought and expression, in a
especially when there is much more of the A, sonnet; and that the whole should be like a wave
B, and C, the new critics, than of the departed
breaking on the shore. He said, “Not only so;
the whole should show a continuous advance of
sage or seer in the books which the former
thought and of movement, like a river fed by
write? What it surely needs much more is to rillets; as every great poem, and all essays and
have an adequate and trustworthy re-presenta-
treatises, should.";,
tion of the past, and new pictures of the men The memoir of Tennyson by his son has made
and women
these “
great of old as in a
us familiar with the poet's firm belief in the
mirror, so that the living may be able to realize immortality of the soul, a belief that also finds
the dead as they lived and moved and had frequent attestation in his poems. Worth
their being in the flesh. Without conscious
'
recording in this connection is his assertion to
idealization, therefore, or any embroidery or
Professor Knight that 'the idea of annihila-
amplification of plain facts and spoken words, tion would be more horrible to me than the idea
Professor Knight has produced some chapters of everlasting torments.
of fragmentary biography that are as fascinat- The charm of Dean Stanley's radiant, ver-
ing as they are convincing, their very charm satile, many-sided personality is well conveyed.
indeed largely lying in their evident truthful-
Let us quote an incident illustrating his imper-
ness and their admirable restraint. Ilack
turbable good humor.
the power,' he says, of recasting or recon-
"On another occasion he was journeying in the
structing a conversation out of a minimum of
same neighborhood, when two fellow-passengers in
actual fact. In no instance is an attempt made his carriage, ignorant of who he was, began to abuse
to reproduce a lengthened conversation with
the heretical and latitudinarian Dean, unstinting
in their denunciations. When he reached his sta-
those whose letters are printed. Many detached
tion, and was about to walk to a carriage in wait-
remarks are given, but no continuous discus-
ing, he suddenly remembered that he had left his
sion.'
Without further preliminaries, let us umbrella in the train and returned for it, when
now plunge in medias res. Here is a glimpse
the passenger who had used so many bad words
about him had taken it up, and found the name
of Carlyle and his wife:
(the Dean of Westminster) on the handle. He
'We were sitting in the “golden silence” he apologized profoundly, and said that he did not
loved so much, and yet ignored so often, when Mrs. know who it was who was travelling with him.
Carlyle entered. I was struck by her gracious air. “Never mind," said the Dean. “You have given
That afternoon it was most gracious. She was pre- me a good deal to think about, and I am much
paring tea, when her husband made a disparaging obliged to you." ;
remark on one of our modern writers; and she said,
with the utmost naïveté, “Oh, Tom, you're so This chapter, one of the longest and best in the
book, closes with a lecture by Stanley on 'The
* RETROSPECTS. By William Knight.
New
York: Imported by Charles Scribner's Sons.
Mutual Relations of Religion, Science, and
>
ܙ .
Volume I.


118
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
was
one
6
9
Literature,' which he delivered at Dundee in from one of Elwin's letters a curious anecdote
1875, and which has never before been pub- showing how painstaking Wordsworth was in
lished except as a newspaper report.
applying the file to his verses. Mrs. Gaskell is
Of Gladstone's phenomenal memory, and of the ultimate authority for the story, and is
his wide reading in general literature, we have quoted by Elwin as follows:
heard much. Following is an anecdote illus- 'One day when they were living at Grasmere (no
trating both:
post-office there) Wordsworth walked over to Amble-
'I well remember a dinner-party in London at
side (more than four miles) to post some poem that
which Mr. Gladstone the principal guest,
was to be included in a volume just being printed.
although there were many representatives of Litera-
After dinner, as he sat meditating, he became dis-
ture and Science as well as Politics present. After
satisfied with one line, and grew so restless over the
dinner the conversation turned to the number of
thought that towards bedtime he declared he must
lines in the great poems of the world; and Mr.
go to Ambleside and alter it; for “in those days
Gladstone was asked: How many are there in the
postage was very heavy, and we were obliged to be
{Iliad”? He at once replied, and to a second
very prudent.” So he and Miss Wordsworth set
question gave the number in the “Odyssey." "In
off after nine o'clock, walked to Ambleside, knocked
the Divine
'Divine Comedy'9" inquired
up the post-office people, asked for a candle, got
guest.
Instantly, the number in the “Inferno," the **Pur-
the letter out of the box, sent the good people to
gatorio,
and the "Paradiso"
bed again, and sat in the little parlour, puzzling
were told. In
“Hamlet,” “Paradise Lost,' " "Faust" (I only
and puzzling till they got the line right”; when
remember these), the answer came without a pause,
they replaced the letter, put out the candle, and
as if out of a brain in compartments, where the
softly stole forth, and walked home in the winter
facts had been stored away, and which now opened
midnight.'
as by a spring. I was asked by our host if I could
Having now had a glimpse of this, that, and
tell the number in “The Excursion” and in “The
the other of our author's contemporaries, let
Prelude,” and by some one else how many there
were in “The White Doe of Rylstone." In each
us take a look at the writer himself. In a letter
case I had to shake my head in ignorance. I said that he prints from James Martineau is a pro-
it had never occurred to me to estimate poems by posal that Mr. Knight should succeed
Dr.
their quantity. “No,” said Gladstone, none of
us do that—the test is a qualitative one—but liter-
Martineau as minister of Little Portland Street
ary statistics are of use.'i It seemed to me, how-
Chapel, a position Martineau was forced to
ever, as if the instinct of the Chancellor of the resign in 1872. Although the
offer was
Exchequer had been at work in the brain of the declined, the letter attests the broad liberality
Premier in reference to the great poems of the
of both writer and recipient.
world, and that the chambers of memory were full
to overflowing: On telling this afterwards at St. * As I muse upon the matter, I come round again
Andrews to his old Oxford tutor-Bishop Charles and again to the one only thing which, as I believe,
Wordsworth—he said that Gladstone's memory was
would hold and save these people, and prevent the
superlative. “I remember sending him, to the virtual sacrifice of their spiritual life: viz. your
country house in which he was then residing, a removal to London to take charge of them. It is
Latin version which I had just written of one of a daring, and I fear an impracticable, thought. I
the hymns in the Christian Year.' He replied at see all the difficulty of such a move after so recent
once, and quoted in his letter another excellent a declaration of Trinitarian opinion-though not as
rendering of the same hymn in Latin, made long identified with Christianity, but only as an after-
ago by a friend of his, which he said was still as thought of philosophical speculation. I hear before-
vivid to him as if he had received it yesterday.” hand the outcry of your opponents, that their sus-
picions are justified. I anticipate scruples on the
Among lesser notables, the author gives excel-
part of my own people. Nevertheless, beneath all
lent pictures of those ardent apostles of the this, the natural affinities and realities are on the
true and the beautiful, James Smetham, side of such a solution. And if my people had the
William Davies, and J. Henry Shorthouse, and
magnanimity to rely on these and offer you a free
pulpit, trusting that adequate theological sympathy
a very readable chapter on that woman of rare would work itself out; and if you, on the strength
scholarship, Anna Swanwick. Smetham, the of this unpledged attitude, felt encouragement to
artist and poet, was one of those whose patient
brave reproach, and take a position involving no
retraction and only the engagement to go whither
strivings are not destined to be crowned with
the truth of God might lead; it is my sincere per-
conventional success which, however, was the suasion that a work would open before you here
last thing desired in his case. 'In my secret more congenial and of higher character than any
heart,' he declares, “I look upon myself as one
which the Free Kirk can have in reserve for you.
You are appointed, I must think, to draw upwards
who has got on, and got to his goal, as one who those who would otherwise have less faith than you:
has got something a thousand times better than and your faculties will never
with their
a fortune, more real, more inward, less in the power unhindered till you have to deal with such an
power of others, less variable, more immortal,
audience.'
more eternal; as one whose feet are on a rock, Other most interesting chapters, of which lack
his goings established, with a new song in his of space forbids further notice, are on Brown-
mouth, and joy on his head.' In his memories ing, Frederick Denison Maurice, and Matthew
of Whitwell Elwin, rector of Booton in Nor- Arnold. A second volume is promised, giving
folk, and editor of the 'Quarterly Review' reminiscences of and letters from Ruskin, Car-
from 1854 to 1867, Professor Knight quotes dinal Newman, George Frederick Watts, James
move
6


1905.]
119
THE DIAL
Russell Lowell, Lords Selborne and Coleridge, Charles T. Porter, the only survivor of the
Herbert Spencer, Lecky, Henry Sidgwick, three co-laborers in the original book’; a sketch
Roden Noel, Dora Greenwell, Aubrey de Vere, of Morgan's life, with a bibliography of his
the late Master of Balliol, Sir John Seeley, writings, by the editor; biographical notes on
Leslie Stephen, William Morris, Dante Rossetti, Ely S. Parker and Charles T. Porter; and last,
Mrs. Oliphant, and many others,' — surely a but by no means least, an excellent index,
most attractive list. Let us hope that our enter- including a partial vocabulary of Seneca names.
tainer, after making us wait so long for his The illustrations include a portrait of Morgan,
first volume, which was begun and an initial and a map of the Iroquois country prepared by
chapter printed many years ago, will now spare the Rev. Wm. M. Beauchamp, S.T.D. A fact
us further proof that 'expectation makes a worthy of special commendation is that the
blessing dear.
PERCY F. BICKNELL. editor has availed himself to a very large extent
of Morgan's own emendations of his original
text, whether contained in his subsequent
works or in the form of manuscript notes. In
THE IROQUOIS CONFEDERACY.* this way we have in many cases Morgan's cor-
rections of his own mistakes - mistakes which
This will surely be remembered as an era of he was led into in the 1851 book, through
historical reprints, so far at least as the United
insufficient information, but which his own sub-
States is concerned. Never before, probably, sequent investigations proved to be false or
has there been such a veritable flood of old his-
inaccurate.
torical books reissued in new dress. What is for his editorial notes Mr. Lloyd has drawn
more to the point, the books themselves are in
upon every source of information, and they
nearly every case books of real value, — books
which have not been, and often could not be, literature on the Iroquois.
reveal his wide and discriminating reading of
literature on the Iroquois. There is just one
replaced by later works in the same field. criticism that must be made, and that applies
It is also a notable fact that, either directly
not to the substance but to the arrangement
or indirectly, a large proportion of these books
of the notes. These are thrown into a bulky
throw light upon the history and the manners
Appendix at the back of the book, and are
and customs of the Indian tribes; and several
arranged in such a fashion that reference to
are devoted especially to that most remarkable
them is anything but convenient. Possibly a
of North American tribes, the Iroquois. Not
good deal of this is due to the fact that in the
long ago, Cadwallader Colden's 'History of the
Five Indian Nations of Canada' appeared in
present edition the two former volumes are
thrown into one, while the paging remains
a neat little reprint, in two volumes; but distinct. Had the book been paged in a single
without that indispensable adjunct of a history series through the two volumes, much of the
of any sort — an index. Now we have two
confusion might have been avoided. However,
other books dealing with the same tribe: Mor- this is a minor point.
gan’s ‘League of the Iroquois,' and Canfield's
Legends of the Iroquois. Though published
One cannot easily overestimate the impor-
tance and value of Morgan's 'League of the
more than half a century ago, Morgan's ' League Iroquois. If only as a reliable record of the
of the Iroquois' still remains the best and most
political and social organization of an extremely
authoritative work on the subject. It is not
absolutely free from historical and other
interesting tribe, it would be a work of per-
errors, – indeed, what work is? — but they are
manent interest. The Iroquois had no written
language; their laws and history and traditions
all of comparatively minor importance, and the
were carried down from mouth to mouth.
book is, as Francis Parkman described it, a
production of singular merit.' The present
Though greatly reduced in numbers, they still
retain their individuality as a tribe, or group
edition – for it would be most unjust to call
it merely a reprint - presents not only a scru-
of tribes; but it is probable that even now much
of the material contained in Mr. Morgan's book
pulously accurate printing of the edition of
would have been unobtainable, had the League
1851, but is enriched with voluminous notes by
of the Iroquois' never been written, - and
the present editor, Mr. Herbert M. Lloyd; an
Introduction, by the editor; some interesting
within a comparatively short time, when the last
remnant of the once all-powerful Confederacy
personal reminiscences of Morgan, by Mr.
disappears in the surrounding mass of Aryan
• LEAGUE OF THE HO-DE-NO-SAU-NEE, OR IROQUOIS. By stock, the history of the great League woula
Lewis H. Morgan. New edition, with additional matter.
have become a lost chapter in the history of
Edited and annotated by Herbert M. Lloyd.
Dodd, Mead & Co.
America. Morgan's enthusiasm for his work,
THE LEGENDS OF THE IROQUOIS. Told by
and a natural gift for presenting even the dry-
planter.' From authoritative Notes and Studies. By Will-
iam W. Canfield. New York : A. Wessels Co.
est facts in a graphic and interesting way, com-
New York :
· The Corn-


120
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
on
bine to make the ‘League of the Iroquois' not ship first discovered among the Iroquois was
only a work of prime importance to all students now proved to be common to all the aboriginal
of Indian life and character, but a book that tribes of North and South America, was it not
one reads with genuine enjoyment for its own possible that the same system might be found
sake.
among the Turanian and Polynesian families ?
Perhaps an even deeper interest attaches to Another ten years were given to this investi-
this work on the Iroquois,- so far, at least, gation, schedules of questions being prepared
as the author himself is concerned, - by reason and sent through the Smithsonian Institution
of a vast investigation which grew directly out to missionaries and American consuls in every
of it, and to which Morgan devoted the latter quarter of the globe. Again Morgan's broad
half of his life. In studying the manners and and pregnant generalization proved to be cor-
customs of the Senecas, he had been struck by rect.
the peculiar system of relationship which Dr. Mellvaine, whose reminiscences form an
existed in that tribe, a system under which interesting feature of the appendix to the
the familiar relationships of father, mother, League of the Iroquois,' tells us that during
eister, brother, uncle, aunt, etc., were extended
this period Morgan lived and worked under
apparently beyond the usual limits of consan-
great mental excitement.
guinity, in a most bewildering fashion. To
'I well remember one occasion when he came into
others, as the Rev. Dr. McIlvaine has pointed my study saying, “I shall find it, I shall find it
out, this apparent confusion of relationships, among the Tamil people and Dravidian tribes of
though often noticed before, had suggested
Southern India." At this time I had no expecta-
tion of any such result; and I said to him, “My
nothing but the confusion of a savage mind friend, you have enough to do in working out your
and the reign of unreason. To Morgan it was discovery in connection with the tribes of the Amer-
the first step upon a great linguistic trail, which ican continent; let the peoples of the old world go."
he was to follow throughout the remainder of
He replied “I cannot do it, -I cannot do it; I must
his life, and which led him to results far
go on, for I am sure I shall find it all there.” Some
months afterward he came in again, his face all
transcending his expectations. It led him, aglow with excitement, the Tamil schedule in his
first of all, to the discovery that the Iroquois hands, the answers to his questions just what he had
method of characterizing kinship was substan-
predicted; and, throwing it my table, he
exclaimed, “There! What did I tell you!!!
tially the same as that of the Dakotah tribes
in the Far West. This induced him to conjec- But again the trail led him onward. If the
ture whether, if such an extraordinary system same common system of relationship and affin-
were common to two tribes so remote as the ity was common to all the members of the
Iroquois and the Dakotah, it might not be ancient Turanian and Polynesian stocks, as well
found to be common to all the tribes of North as to the aboriginal tribes of America, it might
and South America.
also prove to have prevailed in early days among
Here one may note the two characteristics
the two other great groups of the human family,
which, above all others, marked the nature of
the Semitic and Aryan races; in a word, it
Lewis Morgan, and were chiefly responsible for
might, and probably would, prove to have been
his successful conclusion of a task that can only absolutely universal, and would lead back from
be described as gigantic; these were his very
each of the linguistic groups to the prehistoric
remarkable power of generalization - a power
race which was the progenitor of them all. Here
which seemed to have in it something very like was a problem to stir the blood, one whose
intuition, and his indomitable perseverance.
solution might satisfy any ambition. To quote
He followed this intellectual trail with all the again from Dr. McIlvaine:
obstinate persistency of one of those Iroquois
"When he broached this final generalization to me
warriors for whom he possessed such genuine
I was appalled, not having the least expectation
that it could be verified. But with his customary
sympathy. As the first of these characteristics
enthusiasm and energy, almost superhuman, he
led him to generalize as to the probable exist- immediately addressed himself to another series of
ence of a system of consanguinity common to all
vast investigations, with a similar result in the
end.
the American tribes, with all the important
He found overwhelming evidence that the
system had once prevailed in all the Arabic or
conclusions to which such a fact would inevi.
Semitic peoples, including the Hebrews, in all the
tably lead, so the second induced him to devote Sanscritic or Aryan branches, the Brahmans, Per-
ten long years to an investigation of the sub- sians, Greeks, Romans, Gothic, Celtic and Sclavonic
ject, which not only embraced all the available
nations, among our own ancestors,-in a word,
throughout the human race, over three-fourths of
literature, but included personal visits to every which his investigations extended. This last gener-
important tribe on the continent. The result alization stands perhaps unequalled for its vastness
was a complete vindication of his theory. and grandeur, and for its fruitfulness in results, by
But the trail did not end here; it led him
anything in the history of science known to me
except that of the Newtonian theory of gravita-
still farther afield. If the system of relation- tion.'
-
-
6


1905.]
121
THE DIAL
The results of these long-continued investi- seeks only entertainment; for we venture to say
gations were published by the Smithsonian
that anyone who dips into this book of
Institution, in 1871, in a large volume entitled legends
legends – one might almost call them fairy
Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the tales -- will find them as fascinating as a book
Human Family. The reviewer well remembers of verses or a metrical romance.
the amazement with which he first looked
LAWRENCE J. BURPEE.
through this great work and realized the stu-
pendous nature of the task which had been
brought to such a successful conclusion. The
conclusions which grew inevitably out of a care- MEN AND MANNERS IN TUDOR LONDON. *
ful examination and analysis of these data went
far beyond Mr. Morgan's most sanguine expec-
The time of the Tudors, beginning with the
tations. It not only became clear that the appar-
accession of Henry VII. in 1485 and ending with
the death of Elizabeth in 1603, was one of the
ently meaningless system of relationship which
greatest periods in English history. It included
he had proved to be common to every branch of
the human family established beyond question
the reigns of Henry VII., Henry VIII., Edward
the existence in prehistoric times of a universal
VI., Mary and Elizabeth. It embraced the
entire sixteenth century, which saw the rise of
system of communal marriage, but as the
absolute monarchy, the Reformation extended
voluminous material was more exhaustively ana-
lysed and compared, facts of startling signifi- active in that country, the printing-press busy,
and England made Protestant, the Renaissance
cance emerged, the curtain of countless gen-
erations rolled back, and the prehistoric world,
a noble literature developed, the birth of mod-
with its primitive social organization, and its
ern science, and men's minds lifted to a new
primitive mental and moral structure, stood
view-point of the universe and far above that
revealed. As Morgan had gathered together in
from which they had previously observed nature
and natural things; it saw also the greatest of
his Systems of Consanguinity' an immense
body of new facts, new data, so in his later work
commercial revolutions consequent upon the
discovery
of
on Ancient Society' he interpreted these facts
a new ocean route to India, and a
and drew from them conclusions and generali-
new world in the west opened for exploration
zations of the utmost importance to Ethnology
and colonization. It was an age of great men;
and all its sister sciences. As the editor of the
more than two thousand English names from
that century have been found worthy of a place
present book rightly says, Morgan's work in
the domain of Ethnology is quite comparable
in the Dictionary of National Biography,'—
three times as many as appear from any previ-
to that of Darwin in another field.'
ous century.
So much space has been given to Mr. Morgan
The gravitating point in this great historical
that it will be impossible to deal at length with period lay principally in London. By far the
the other author under consideration. Can-
greatest number of events which made the time
field's 'Legends of the Iroquois’ is one of the of the Tudors so important and so interesting
most important volumes in the admirable series occurred in that city, which, as the trade of the
which the Wessels Company has been issuing East deserted the Mediterranean lines and the
for some time past, under the general editor- older commercial capitals lost their rank, rose
ship of Mr. Rufus Rockwell Wilson. These
in greatness. It was there that the lives of the
volumes do not profess to be much more than two Henrys, of Edward, of Mary and Elizabeth,
reprints, with such notes as are absolutely indis-
were chiefly spent. It was there that the revo-
pensable; but in type, paper, and general lutions which marked the period found their
makeup, they are all that could be desired. The
storm-centre. It was in the city of London that
* Legends of the Iroquois' present what is from executions occurred for witchcraft, for political
several points of view the most fascinating side causes, or for conscience's sake, the most numere
of Indian character, the poetic and imaginative ous and notable in all history.
side. If space permitted it would be worth while As London was England to so large an extent,
to quote one of these legends,- for instance, we are naturally curions to learn all we can
the Birth of the Arbutus, as delicate and charm- about the city at that interesting period. The
ing a little allegory as one could find anywhere, late Sir Walter Besant's quarto volume on ‘Lon-
but of which no just impression could be giver don in the Time of the Tudors' goes far toward
without quoting it entire. It may be said for gratifying our curiosity. It is in the same
this book that while, like Morgan's 'League of sumptuous form as the same author's ' London
the Iroquois,' it has a distinct value to the stu- in the Eighteenth Century,' reviewed in these
dent of Ethnology, or anyone who is interested columns some time since. The illustrations are
in the study of Indian life and character, it will
-
* LONDON IN THE TIME OF THE TUDORS. By Sir Walter
also appeal with equal force to the reader who
Besant.
Illustrated.
New York:
The Macmillan Co.


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It was
for the most part reproductions of contemporary arose the theatre, to surpass in popularity all
prints; chief among them is a panorama of the other forms of amusement, notwithstanding the
city, extending over three double-pages of the fierce invectives hurled against it by the Puri-
book, originally drawn by Anthony Van den tans. The city was full of inns; and whereas
Wyngaerde in 1543, well illustrating the map these had formerly been places of lodging, and
folded into the cover, embracing 12 pages, and some of them, like the Inns of Court, were col-
being a reduced reproduction of Ralph Ágas's leges of residence, and totally distinct from the
map of about 1560. The city thus presented to taverns and cookships whose business it was to
us was not a place of narrow crooked streets furnish food and drink, it now became the
and closely-built houses, but a straggling town function of the Inns to provide food, and they
where parks and gardens and trees abounded, were consequently made the meeting-places of
in the midst of which were to be seen such those famous constituents of the early clubs.
massive structures as the Tower of London, Sir Walter Besant's work is rightly called a
Westminster Abbey, St. Paul's, and many pal- survey. It is not a history; it is not a story.
aces, hospitals, and monastic buildings.
It is especially happy in its accounts of how
London had not in those days assumed the people lived and dressed, what they ate and
gigantic uniformity of the modern metropolis, drank, what customs they pursued at their wed-
nor was it as yet wholly absorbed in the whirldings and at the burial of their dead,—from the
of business life. It was not, as at present, a king and queen down to the 'prentice, who at
province covered with houses, but a city of this period was at the height of his power and
moderate size, with walls and gates beyond importance, chiefly as a disturber of the peace,
which lay pleasant suburbs. It is difficult now and whose business it was to attract customers
to arrive at any correct estimate of its popula- by calling out in front of the shops, “What d'ye
,
tion. There could not have been less than thirty lack, gentles? What d’ye lack? My ware is
or forty thousand souls within its walls in the best!' The author has drawn largely upon
twelfth century; and in the succeeding cen- contemporary authors,-Stowe, Harrison (who
turies, while other towns in England were stead- contributed to Holinshed), the Maitland manu-
ily declining, London was growing.
scripts, and other works which can only be
estimated that in the reign of Mary the city read at the present day through the medium of
had a population of from 150,000 to 180,000, their modern transcribers.
and that this rose to 300,000 in 1607. All this
ARTHUR HOWARD NOLL.
was in spite of frequent visitations of the
plague, causing a heavy death-rate,-as, for
example, in 1564, when 23,660 died, more than
20,000 of them of the plague. The number of
THE MONROE DOCTRINE TO DATE.*
foreign residents was probably not less than
10,000 at the end of the sixteenth century.
Magazine writers in America have for sev-
The business of the city, as well as its domes- eral decades past found agreeable occupation
tic operations, were largely carried on in the for their pens in discussing and explaining
streets, much in the manner of a tropical city. President Monroe's declaration concerning the
Its red brick, half-timbered houses, with high attitude of America toward the interests of
gables, oriel windows, and terraces, and its citi- European nations on this continent. With each
zens in picturesque and even gay attire,—all fresh possibility of a foreign entanglement has
gave to the city the color and stamp of origin- appeared a new expcsition of the proper Ameri-
ality. The Thames was crossed by but one can policy; and more or less difference of opin-
bridge; its waters were clear, and gardens and ion has been developed, owing to the failure of
meadows lined its banks,—though it is said to commentators to examine the subject exhaus-
have given employment in 1594 to 40,000 men tively. The events of recent years have not
as boatmen, sailors, fishermen. It was a pleas- only renewed but intensified the public interest
ure-loving city in those days. The barbers' and
in the subject, and have furnished so much new
tobacconists' shops were favorite places of resort. material for consideration that what has here-
Of the latter there were no less than seven thou- tofore required space for a magazine article
sand in the city; and in some of them instruc- now demands a treatise. The appearance of
tion was given in the art of smoking. St. Mr. Thomas B. Edgington's compendious vol-
Paul's was a rendezvous for promenaders and ume on the Monroe Doctrine is therefore timely.
idle folk. Smithfield had its Fair on certain The author, an attorney of over forty years'
days. At Bartholomew's Fair were puppet practice at the bar of Memphis, Tennessee, has
shows and exhibitions of curiosities, and in brought to his task a long professional experi-
Southwark were bear-baitings. There were ence, and an extended study of original sources
bowling alleys, cock-fighting, and ‘ tent-pegging
By T. B. Edgington, of the
in the tilt-yard.' Toward the end of the period Bar of Memphis, Tennessee. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
* THE MONROE DOCTRINE.


1905.]
123
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>
of information. The modest thesis of Mr. careful consideration,
George F. Tucker of Boston (1885) has been On the vexed question of Canning's claim to
drawn upon, and followed in part; but the pres- the authorship of the Monroe Doctrine, Mr.
ent author has availed himself of the wealth of Edgington seems to be unusually undecided.
new material which recent international epi- | What is apparently his conclusion on the sub-
sodes have introduced, and has brought down to ject correctly avers that “The term “Monroe
date his discussion of the phases of Monroeism Doctrine” simply became a new name for an
which have been made prominent in the debates old policy of the government. It was a policy
of later years. Among other subjects thus pre- recognized by Congress and sustained by the
sented are the treaty establishing the Hague Federal and Anti-federal parties, as it is now
Tribunal, the Venezuelan Boundary case, the by the Republican and Democratic parties.'
settlement of the European claims against This conclusion makes superfluous the author's
Venezuela, and the Panama Canal treaty and previous statement that Canning thereupon,
concession. Mr. Edgington preserves a calm operating through Richard Rush and John
and historical spirit in all his comments on the Quincy Adams, became the real author of the
interesting subjects of which he treats, and the Monroe declaration.' Nor should we, in justice
argumentation in which he not infrequently to our own statesmen, concede, as does the
indulges is that of a candid jurisconsult rather author, that the Monroe message, if not
than that of a partisan. Indeed, it would be inspired by Mr. Canning in whole or in part,
,
difficult for a stranger to discover from these was at least in conformity with his general pol-
pages the author's political predilections. As icy. The facts are, that the policy to which
authority for the positions he assumes, he makes Canning vainly endeavored to commit the Mon-
numerous citations from well-established legal roe administration differed materially from the
treatises, and from documents of historical ver- ‘Monroe Doctrine’; that the essential elements
ity. The whole work may be called a glossary of that‘ Doctrine' were definitely adopted by the
upon the leading features of recent American Monroe administration, and recognized as a part
diplomacy, with the Monroe Doctrine kept in of the old policy of this country, as early as
view as the cardinal feature.
1820, when we were first confronted with the
Mr. Edgington's exposition of the true scope schemes of the Holy Alliance; that Monroe and
and purport of President Monroe's declaration Adams and Rush fathomed at once the British
is correct and discriminating, and states clearly selfishness which inspired the “Canning doc-
the present general understanding at home, and trine,' turned coldly away from it, as their
the same with which we are credited by most of correspondence shows, and persisted in the
the European states. While the author's general course previously adopted; and that while
purpose is historical and not prophetic, he does Canning undoubtedly
Canning undoubtedly welcomed the results
not hesitate to point out in several respects which followed the Monroe declaration, no part
what course the United States should pursue in of the credit therefor belongs to him.
The
order to preserve a just consistency with our American Saloofness'
was pronounced, and
past. The Calvo doctrine' is expounded at Canning's failure to draw us into an ‘entan-
length, exposing its errors, and its trangressions gling alliance' was conspicuous. The results
of international law; and the author explains of the action of the Monroe administration in
that it cannot be combined with the Monroe 1823 must be ranked among the accomplish-
Doctrine 'in any American system, and urges ments of American diplomacy.
that “the fact should be made known by the
JAMES OSCAR PIERCE.
United States to the European powers that it
does not indorse the Calvo heresy. At the
same time, the policy of this government
should be to induce the Spanish-American
SIX GREAT ELIZABETHAN ENGLISHMEN.*
republics to adopt the Monroe Doctrine each for
The Dictionary of National Biography' is
itself.' And as the modern substitution of
not an especially entertaining work. Its lives'
steam for sailing vessels has made coaling sta-
are compressed, confined to facts, and for the
tions necessary, we may well concede the use of
such stations in this hemisphere to the European
most part without criticism. When, therefore,
Mr. Sidney Lee, of recent years the editor of
powers, as not inconsistent with the Monroe
Doctrine, while we, without violating our own
that work, prepared and later published his
Lowell Institute lectures on 'Great Englishmen
precedents, secure the use of similar stations
of the Sixteenth Century,' he was able to deck
abroad; and it would be a sound international
out a few bare biographies in a fashion more
policy for the United States to take the initia-
pleasing to the average reader than is per-
tive in this matter.' These, though the sugges-
tions of an advocate rather than the comments
GREAT ENGLISHMEN OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. By
Sidney Lee, Litt.D., Editor of the Dictionary of National
of a historian, are timely, and may well receive Biography,' etc.
>
6
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.


124
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C
mitted in a biographical dictionary. He has a popular and brief presentation of his Life of
vivified the personalities of these half-dozen Shakespeare. The first, on Shakespeare's career,
men,--More, Sidney, Raleigh, Spenser, Bacon, shows again that his life is not a tissue of
and Shakespeare, -- and has made them show uncertainties and conjectures, spun by pseudo-
forth almost the entire activity of the age. The scholarship from the sonnets and the plays.
introductory chapter designs to give in brief The subject of the last chapter, the foreign
prospect the spirit of the century as a whole, so influences on Shakespeare, was evidently chosen
as to make a sort of frame-work into which the to show how the New Learning affected liter-
succeeding chapters may be fitted, — in this ature in one specific case, as well as to show
respect being an improvement on the opening how Shakespeare, as it were, gathered up into
lecture, which surveyed in general terms the his work all the phases of this new learning.
uses to the public of the ' Dictionary of National The last chapter is thus in a measure the com-
Biography
plement of the first. The mere matter of the
Much that Mr. Lee says is of course trite chapter is familiar enough. We have all heard
enough. One cannot write of this century over and over again of the little Latin and less
without frequent repetition of twice-told tales, Greek, of the superficial French, of the influence
such as the Archbishop of Canterbury's prophecy of Ovid, and the rest. Yet these facts are
of More's greatness, or Shakespeare's munifi- worth noting, because they show, as perhaps
cence toward his wife in leaving her his second- nothing else so well can, that the spirit of the
best bedstead. Yet the book is no mere rehash- Renaissance was not local, that it was diffused
ing of the commonplace. Mr. Lee endeavors throughout Western Europe, and that, as Mr.
to place these men before us in the light of Lee says, it is to this diffusion of the Renais-
their personal environment as well as in the sance and the personal preëminence of Shake-
greater light of their relation to their time. speare's genius and intuition that we must look
· Thus he points out the moral paradox in the if we would understand any part of Shake-
minds and consciences of the men of this speare's work.
JAMES W. TUPPER.
period, — More's liberalism in his 'Utopia,'
and his intolerance in his own religious faith,
intolerance which led him to the block;
Raleigh's elevated altruism in his Historie of
RECENT FICTION.*
the World,' and his dishonesty and greed of
gold in his public life; and, most noted of all,
In our last review of current fiction, we
Bacon's lofty philosophic spirit in his books, singled out as one of the best books of the
and his petty sycophancy and treachery in his
season 'The Divine Fire,' by Miss May Sinclair.
career on the bench. And in lesser degree the
That book is recalled just now by another, also
paradox existed in Sidney, Spenser, and Shake-
the work of an English woman whose name is
speare; for all these men came with the Renais-
completely unfamiliar to us, which possesses a
sance and lived into the Reformation. It was no
similar note of distinction, and has a theme
mere personal peculiarity, but something char-
which turns out to be the same, if we consider
acteristic of the time; the great Queen herself
it abstractly enough. An attempt to formulate
was perhaps the most puzzling paradox of all.
that theme in terms common to both works
It is especially the relation these six bore to
would result somewhat as follows. This very
the Renaissance that most interests Mr. Lee.
real world, as it exists to our seeming, is
Each man represented some striking phase of
By Evelyn Underhill.
this wonderful movement, and combined they
The Century Co.
THREE DUKES. By G. Ystridde. New York: G. P. Put-
practically make up its totality, taking the term
nam's Sons.
Renaissance in its widest sense. More stood for THE BRETHREN. By H. Rider Haggard. New York:
its culture as comprehended by a man still
McClure, Phillips & Co.
THE ABBESS OF VLAYE. By Stanley J. Weyman.
within the church portals; Sidney embodied the
York : Longmans, Green & Co.
personal charm of the courtier and the enthu- NOSTROMO.
By Joseph Con-
siasm of the man of letters; Raleigh was the
rad. New York: Harper & Brothers,
By S. R. Crockett. New
product of the spirit of adventure with its
York: Dodd, Mead & Co.
unquenchable desire to discover new worlds; THE COMING CONQUEST OF ENGLAND. By August Nie-
Spenser gave expression to the newly awakened
MORGANATIC. By Max Nordau. Philadelphia : J. B.
sense of form and color, of Greek sensuousness
Lippincott Co.
and mediaval chivalry; Bacon was the great BETHANY. A Story of the old South. By Thomas E.
New York: D. Appleton & Co.
apostle of those who took all knowledge to be
By Emerson Hough. Indian-
their province; and Shakespeare incarnated all
• THE GRAY WORLD.
New York:
New
A Tale of the Seaboard.
THE LOVES OF MISS ANNE.
mann.
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons,
Watson.
apolis : The Bobbs-Merrill Co.
these human activities and aspirations in the THE MARATHON MYSTERY. A Story of Manhattan. By Bur.
men and women of his dramas.
ton E. Stevenson. New York: Henry Holt & Co.
THE PRIVATE TUTOR. By Gamaliel Bradford, Jr.
The last two chapters of Mr. Lee's book are ton: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
THE LAW OF THE LAND.
Bos.


1905.]
125
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means.
woman
nothing .more than an illusion imposed upon medium of the Umbrian landscape, and a high-
our senses. It is all the world there is for mostly spiritualized form of love. The following
people, but a few have the spiritual insight to quotation will illustrate better than any words
perceive its shadowy nature. With such people, of description the style of the book, a style
if they have the purpose to live lives to some which, in its best moments, is fairly magical,
degree corresponding with reality, the ordering although its effects are produced by the simplest
of conduct becomes subject to new and uncon-
The scene is the interior of a Catholic
ventional laws; the motives upon which most church in London, looked upon for the first
men act appear absurdly inadequate, and the time by the protaganist of this story of mystic-
goals for which they strive are seen to be not ism:
worth the seeking. Such people go through life 'He looked down the long aisles. They were
as strangers to their fellows, and are by them misty, half lighted by colored windows in the south.
set down as impracticable visionaries. Any
Far away, he saw lights burning, and persons who
knelt by them. It all seemed to him profoundly
attempt to bring the two books into a closer
unnatural. He felt as if he had penetrated to the
or more concrete resemblance than this would
home of a race of beings not entirely human—an
fail, for they are widely different in all their unsuspected world within the world. A
details. Miss Sinclair gives us a study of the
passed by him. In the street, he would have known
her for a very ordinary, well-behaving person, not
poetic temperament; Miss Underhill presents
to be suspected of vivid emotions. Here she was
for our contemplation the temperament of the remote, magical; caught up by the strong love of
mystic. Her hero is introduced, moreover, in the initiate. He watched her as she made the sign
startling fashion. He is a child of the London of the cross and knelt, very simply and without
shame, before an altar. It seemed to him that she
slums, lying at the age of ten years upon his stayed there a long time; he dared not move because
death-bed in a hospital. His life flickers and of the tension of her attitude. Presently she kissed
goes out, and he finds himself in “The Gray the feet of a statue that stood there, and came
World '— for this is the book's title among
away. Her face, as she passed Willie, was serious
but very contented. No doubt she would go out
the company of disembodied spirits, blown
into the foggy sunshine and take a hansom or the
about a world of which they are ever cognizant, omnibus and go home; but her real life had been in
but which has suddenly become curiously the moment when she kissed the image with a
intangible. To the ghost of this particular
convinced sincerity which did not belong to Subur-
bia and its gods. It was evident that great mat-
boy, this is a most horrible condition of exist-
ters happened in this building.'
ence, and so, by putting forth all his power
of volition, he escapes from it and is born again,
We are by no means sure that the writer has
this time into a life of suburban respectability
any notion of serving, in this and similar pas-
and materialism. But as he grows up for the
sages, as the propagandist of any particular
second time, he is haunted by memories of the
faith. Her creed appears to be expressed, if
shadowy interregnum between his two lives, and
anywhere definitely, in the following words:
also recalls distinctly his earlier incarnation.
'It seems so much easier, in these days, to live
A few attempts to impart his strange knowl-
morally than to live beautifully. Lots of us man-
age to exist for years without ever sinning against
edge to others result in such a mingling of society, but we sin against loveliness every hour of
incredulity and suspicion that he soon learns to the day. I don't think the crime is less great.
keep such thoughts to himself, and to pretend
Beauty, after all, is the visual side of goodness: it
a belief in the game of life and an interest in
is Christ immanent in the world; and its crucifixion
still goes on.'
its moves. But all the time he knows a truth
that none about him can comprehend, and this
We fear lest we have given the impression that
knowledge is reducible to the two essential pro-
this book is as sombre as its title. It is intense-
positions that the actual world is unreal and ly serious, no doubt, but it is also animated and
that the real 'gray' world, as he remembers
even enlivened by touches of a highly effective
it, offers a most dreadful alternative. So he
humor. Indeed, its most striking characteristic
gropes upward into the years of early manhood,
is found in the fact that the writer has one
solitary, viewed askance, yearning for human
eye constantly fixed upon the most concrete
sympathy and for some ideal means of escape
matters and incidents, while the other is as
from the obsession of a haunting recollection constantly engaged in exploring the spiritual
.
He is eventually led to contemplate translation
depths, or in contemplating the eternal verities,
into the real world with some degree of hope-
of human existence.
fulness, for the belief is gradually borne in "Three Dukes,' by G. Ystridde,—this is a
upon him that what the soul takes with it out fantastic title and a puzzling name. The title
of the world of illusion determines the satisfac- is explained by reference to a Russian folk-song,
tion with which life is adjusted to the condi- and the name we shall infer, upon internal evi-
tions of reality. The agencies which work this dence, to be that of a woman. As already
change of attitude are art, the Catholic church, hinted at, the novel is one of Russian life, not
the example of St. Francis seen through the the brilliant life of capital and court, nor the


126
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6
melodramatic life of conspiracy and exile, but fail him, and whose workmanship may be seen
the life of a country estate far in the Russian at its best in this performance.
interior, dominated by an eccentric nobleman The psychology of South American politics
of singular ideas and uncontrollable temper, is the matter which occupies Mr. Joseph
and made sprightly by the intrusion of a self- Conrad's attention in Nostromo,' the longest
possessed and charming English governess. The novel he has thus far produced. South America
genuineness of the local coloring is undeniable, has provided a theme for many other works of
and the deft manipulation of both characters fiction, but they have been almost without excep-
and incident shows unusual talent. These vir- tion performances of melodramatic or opera
tues of the story are offset by a rambling and bouffe quality, making no attempt to look deeper
incoherent structure, with hardly a vestige of than the picturesque surface of things, and
a plot, and an ending which is not so much a offering no claim to be taken seriously as actual
conclusion as a breaking-off. The book has a studies of life and character. - Mr. Conrad, it
charm which these defects almost serve to need hardly be said, never writes anything that
heighten, and the interest is kept up throughout, does not make a serious claim upon our atten-
although we sometimes wonder why this should
tion, and his books set a very high standard of
be the case.
diction, characterization, and penetrative
Mr. Rider Haggard has found in the epoch observation. It is only upon the structural side
of the Crusades a new field for his romantic that they are conspicuously lacking, and it
invention, and gives us, in 'The Brethren,' one must be admitted that readers of Nostromo,
of the best of his books. The courtly figure although they will find in the book ample
of Saladin, dear to us from the childhood days reward for their pains in perusing it, will often
when we were entranced by “The Talisman,' is reach the point of exasperation at its lengthy
revived almost in the spirit of Scott, and is the analyses, its interminable dragging-out of inci-
central object of interest in the present romance. dent, and its frequent harking back to ante-
A niece of the great Saracen, born of the union cedent conditions. The scene is a republic on
between his sister and an English knight, has the west coast, conveniently_indefinite of loca-
been nurtured in her father's home, and pro- tion. In this country an English family has
.
tected by her two cousins, the brethren' of long been settled, and has had for its stake the
the tale. Saladin determines to gain possession government concession of a silver mine, handed
of this young woman, and his emissaries are down from father to son, and entailing much
successful in ensnaring her and bearing her disagreeable squeezing' from successive presi-
away from her English home. Thereupon the dents and dictators. The descendant to whom
brethren, both loving her, follow her to the East, it has fallen when the present narrative opens
bent upon her rescue, and the romance is in is the first one to make it a really valuable
full swing. Their adventures are many and property, and in the development he becomes
exciting, and they are eventually successful, the greatest power in the state, enlisting foreign
although the one who is doomed to disappoint- capital, building railroads, and carrying govern-
ment in his love remains in the East to do
ments upon his pay roll
. A final desperate
further battle for the Cross. Historically, the effort on the part of the greedy politicians to
romance culminates with the siege and capture get control of the goose that lays this golden
of Jerusalem by the infidel hosts, and the clem- egg is the main feature of the plot, but, as was
ency of Saladin toward the inhabitants of the observed at the outset, the psychological interest
city, the result of the heroine's throwing herself predominates over the adventurous or romantic
at the feet of the conqueror with a plea for interest, which justifies the author in naming
mercy.
this novel after one of its characters a minor
Romance of a sort made more familiar to character as far as the main action of the story
us by recent writers is provided by Mr. Stanley is concerned, but the one upon whom Mr.
Weyman's new book, The Abbess of Vlaye.' Conrad has concentrated his analytical powers.
The period is that of Henry IV., who has just The work is a very strong one, and we can think
become reconciled with the Church and recog- of no other writer, unless it be Mr. Cunning-
nized as King of France, but is still far from ham-Grahame, who could have done anything
having set his house in order. Particularly in
like as
with the same material.
the region of Périgord are conditions unsettled, We expect neither psychology nor any other
and a certain turbulent Captain of Vlaye is kind of insight from Mr. S. R. Crockett, but
having things much his own way. How the we do expect, and generally get, an entertaining
king's lieutenant restores order in that region, story of some sort. The Loves of Miss Anne
and incidentally wins domestic happiness, is is the latest of these fictions, and the setting is
related in a spirited and picturesque way by Scotch. Miss Anne is a minx who regards all
Mr. Weyman, whose invention never seems to men as fair game for her coquetry, and who
6


1905.]
127
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a
practices through four hundred pages upon as In reading Morganatic,' Herr Max Nordau's
many as come within her reach. Her devices latest work, due allowance must be made for
are sometimes desperately wicked, but she car- the fact that the author is primarily a student
ries off her enterprises with a high hand, and of the political and social problems of modern
never comes wholly to grief, although some- civilization, and only incidentally a novelist.
times dangerously close to its verge. Her story He has so wide an acquaintance with the cur-
may be read with a good conscience, which is rents of contemporary thought and with the
more than one can say of a good many of our
conditions of Continental society at the present
recent novels.
time that his work, whatever form it may
Some months ago there was published in take, and despite its occasional flavor of
Germany a novel by Herr August Niemann, sensationalism, cannot fail to be inter-
entitled "Der Weltkrieg-Deutsche Träume.' esting, a proposition of which the novel at hand
This novel, translated by Mr. J. H. Freese, is affords ample proof. While the work is open
now published as 'The Conquest of England, to criticism upon structural grounds, and while
more exactly descriptive title. For the it exhibits no great skill in the penetration of
“dreams' of the German, in the view of this character, it makes up for these defects by a
author, are of overthrowing the English power, rich variety of incident and a dramatic anima-
and of an imperial army taking triumphant tion of action. It is chiefly concerned with the
possession of London. That some Germans efforts of a designing woman, the morganatic
entertain such dreams we imagine to be true; widow of an Austrian prince, to obtain for her-
that they represent the real ambitions of the self and her son the social recognition that she
great heart of the German people we take leave believes to be their right, but that are denied
to doubt and even to deny. Such a denial, of them by the chief representatives of the family.
course, to be effective should come from the It is a story of intrigue, of financial speculation,
nation thus traduced, and we may mention in and of the life of aristocrats and operatic
passing that it has recently been most vigor- artists. The efforts of the princess, seconded
ously voiced by Professor Paulsen. And surely, in only a half-hearted way by her son, are com-
no wilder or more criminal ambition could be
pletely unsuccessful. She dies an embittered
entertained by any serious German than that of woman, and he takes refuge in a religious
destroying the power with which, above all order. Our sympathetic interest centres about
others, Germany is marked out to march hand
neither of these figures, but rather about that
in hand toward a common goal of culture and of a young girl of illegitimate birth and lyrical
civilization. But enough of this. The story, genius who makes a career for herself, softening
considered as a historical romance, is of a type animosities and overcoming prejudices by virtue
familiar enough, and is related in a workman- of her marked and charming individuality.
like manner. The war is foreshadowed by an 'Bethany,' by Mr. Thomas E. Watson, is a
alliance of the powers inimical to England, and book which describes Southern life, and
actually begins on the Afghan frontier. It ends, Georgian life in particular, during the years
as we have before suggested, with the German immediately preceding the Civil War. It also
occupation of London and the division of the includes scenes from the earlier years of the
lion's spoils. It is a fairly good story, and struggle itself, and ends with the battle of
is curiously interesting from the way in which Gettysburg. It is related in the first person,
it represents, upon every possible occasion, the and is apparently a novel of a rambling sort,
point of view of the German anglophobe. although the element of truth is much larger
Throughout it is taken for granted that England than the element of invention. It presents the
is the arch-enemy of civilization, that its foreign Confederate point of view with much plausi-
policy is a complex network of rapacity and bility, and such leaders as Toombs, Yancey,
hypocrisy, and that it is deaf to the voice of and Stephen speak for themselves and their
the higher idealism. Tb us, who know so well cause at great length. It pretends to be a book
that this is the exact opposite of the truth, and of boyish memories of the persons and scenes
that among modern nations England, whatever described, and is in this respect essentially
its faults or mistakes, stands upon a higher genuine, although as a matter of fact the author
moral plane than any of its rivals, and is much (who was born in 1856) would have had to be
more apt to subordinate expediency or self- à few years older to be an intelligent eye-witness
interest to ethical principle — to us who know of the matters concerning which he writes. The
this the author is merely amusing in the display fire-eating Southerner has not often been exhib-
of his prejudiced animosity, but there is cause ited, in either history or fiction, more truthfully
for some degree of serious reflection in the fact and vividly than in the present work. One
that such a book as this should have had the paragraph in the apologetic preface seems to
popular success that is reported from the coun- demand a word of comment. Mr. Watson
try of its origin.
writes: 'When it shall have gradually dawned


128
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
3
6
6
а
upon all Northern writers that the Southern us that their mysteries, when finally revealed,
States in 1860 did no more than exercise a are both cheap and artificial, while many minor
right which had been almost universally con- matters, introduced to whet the curiosity, are
ceded from the founding of the Government- neglected altogether in the final éclaircisse-
a right in which the seceders believed, and which ment. Of The Marathon Mystery,' by Mr.
provocation seemed to call for the use of -
Burton Stevenson, we may however say that
then, perhaps, we shall have historical literature the workmanship is exceedingly deft, and that
which does not stigmatize us as rebels and our in neither of the respects above mentioned is
leaders as traitors. We are willing to grant it open to serious criticism. The mystery is
'
that the argument for secession was a strong no more artificial than need be, and the details
one, and that secession itself was carried out of the plot all turn out to be important cogs
with strict regard for legality, but what pos- in the mechanism. This story is distinctly
sible defense can be offered by the author or better than 'The Holladay Case,' to which it
anyone else for the conduct of those leaders is in some respects a sequel.
who had taken a solemn oath to support the "The Private Tutor,' by Mr. Gamaliel Brad-
Constitution, and who in 1860-61 deliberately ford, Jr., is an amateurish production, without
violated that oath? We are not overfond of much to tell in the way of a story, but having
using the words “rebel' and 'traitor,' but that
some very pretty pages descriptive of Rome,
application to the leaders in question seems where the action is laid. Glorified Baedeker
strictly legitimate, and in the case of these men, or Hare' would do fairly well as a character-
whatever we may think of others, the excuse ization of these pages, which are the result of
of a divided allegiance is the merest sophistry. sympathetic intimacy with the scenes
We fear that Mr. Watson is still sadly in need described. The hero, if we may so style him,
of reconstruction.
is a pleasant young fellow, an artist manqué,
If our sympathies enable us to make a gen- whom fate has placed in charge of the graceless
erous allowance for the influence of Southern
son of an American millionaire during a Euro-
birth and environment in expressing our opinion pean trip. The father hopes that the boy will
of Mr. Watson's book, there is no reason why get culture, or character, or something of the
we should extend them sufficiently to cover the sort from the tour, but the hope is manifestly
work of a Northerner like Mr. Emerson Hough. vain. He turns out to be so mean, so vulgar,
* The Law of the Land, viewed as a piece of and so impossibly disgusting, that it is diffi-
literary workmanship, is far superior to 'Beth- cult to take his figure seriously as a study of
any,' but its argument is inexcusably pernicious. any conceivable kind of real humanity. In
'
The author plants himself squarely upon the fact, the author exhibits no power of character-
right of the white Southerner to deny every ization worth mentioning, either in this case or
kind of right to the black, and thereby makes
in any other, and therein is the essential failure
himself an apologist for the lawlessness with of his novel. This defect is hardly to be offset
which the race question is handled throughout by style and observation, which qualities are in
the South. The most overbearing acts of license fair measure his. WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
and violence are condoned, and every suggestion
of philanthropic endeavor to improve the con-
dition of the negro is made the subject of a
sneer. Of course, being a skilful novelist, Mr.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
Hough so shapes his story as to make a strong
appeal for the enlistment of our sympathies in The story
A very interesting treatise on a
the cause for which he argues, and he has the
of a famous much neglected episode in Amer-
further advantage of fixing his scene (although
ican history has recently been
somewhat vaguely) in the reconstruction period, given us by Mr. Josiah H. Benton, Jr., in 'A
Notable Libel Case: The Criminal Prosecution of
when negro domination threatened the very
Theodore Lyman, Jr., by Daniel Webster, in the
existence of civilization in many a Southern
Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, Novem-
commonwealth. But for all that, his main ber Term, 1828' (Boston: Charles E. Goodspeed).
position is untenable, by any other logic than The trial here described was on an indictment
that of the emotions, for it resolves itself into alleging that Lyman had charged Webster with
proclaiming that the powers of law may properly having conspired with other leading Federalists
be set aside whenever, in the opinion of the
in 1807-08 to break up the Union on account of
white element of population, they do not operate
the Embargo Acts, and to re-annex the New
England States to the mother country. The
to keep the negro in his place — the definition
defendant was an ex-mayor of Boston, and a man
of that place being left unreservedly to the
'
of the highest social and political standing. He
white man's discretion.
was, however, an enemy of John Quincy Adams,
We approach a new detective story with many
and during the campaign of 1828 he became one
misgivings, because long experience has taught of the proprietors of a semi-weekly newspaper,
libel case.


1905.]
129
THE DIAL
6
.
the ‘Jackson Republican,' whose one aim was to shrines, temples and tombs, beside one old cem-
defeat Adams in his race for reëlection to the etery which clearly dates back before Romulus,
Presidency. The charge against Senator Web- before the Forum itself, to the time when the
ster, which became the ground of the case against Seven Hills were occupied by tribes of shepherds
Lyman, was printed in this sheet, October 29, only. Official reports have been made of these
1828. Twelve days later, Webster, through his things (in Italian) by the Director of Excava-
counsel, presented the charge as a criminal libel tions, Commendatore Boni. Professor Hülsen
to the Grand Jury in the Supreme Judicial Court, bas published (in German) a large pamphlet
and this body at once returned an indictment. which furnishes many technical details, measure-
This indictment itself was an unusual document, ments, and the like. But the average English
being based on a principle of English Star-Cham- or American traveller has very much needed a
ber prosecutions never adopted as a part of the smaller work, of equal accuracy but more pop-
common law of the United States; and by em- | ular and practicable, as a guide among these
ploying the method of a criminal prosecution new-old stones and pillars and pavements. Such
rather than a civil action, Mr. Webster clearly a book is now to be had in Mr. St. Clair Bad-
put his opponent at a serious disadvantage. The deley's ‘Recent Discoveries in the Forum, 1898-
trial, which began December 16, aroused greater 1904' (Macmillan). The author has been in
popular interest and called out a more brilliant close touch with all the work as it went on, and
display of legal oratory than Boston had known fortunately has seen fit to give us many inci-
in a generation. But the outcome was only that dents of the eventful days, and illustrations
the jury failed to agree, and the case was con- showing the scenes of transition. For example,
tinued until the March term, 1829, whence it was the frontispiece shows in the process of demoli-
continued again until the November term. When tion the shabby house which for years had
November came, the Solicitor-General proclaimed crowded the beautiful Temple of Faustina and
that inasmuch as every resource had been ex- covered the spot under which was soon to be
hausted at the trial of the year before, public found the magnificent inscription and corner-
justice did not require that the case be tried a stone of the ancient Basilica Emilia; another
second time; and it was therefore dismissed. 'It picture shows the section of the Sacra Via which
is difficult to believe,' says Mr. Benton, “that Mr. had to be sacrificed to reveal the tomb of
Webster himself thought it necessary for his per- Romulus. These are the things that being left
sonal or official vindication to institute this unrecorded are sure to be soon forgotten, yet
extraordinary prosecution. He was doubtless which everyone would wish to know. The book
induced to do it only as a part of the bitter is interesting beyond the rule of guide-books;
political contest then being waged between the the map is excellent, and the forty-five illustra-
friends of Adams and of Jackson. The subse- tions are well-chosen. One is puzzled, however,
quent conduct of Mr. Lyman toward Mr. Web- to find in a book about the Forum an account
ster shows that he considered the case as really of the recent discovery of the Altar of Peace in
political and not personal on the part of Mr. the Campus Martius. Although interesting in
Webster. The trial for the time interrupted the itself, it has surely no right to a place in this
previous intimate social relations between Web- book, and on a page whose caption is The
ster and Lyman, but in a year or two they became Forum.' The Altar of Peace is one of the great
reconciled, and remained warm personal friends memorials of the Augustan Age in Rome, but it
through life.' The history of the episode is well is a part of the story of the Campus Martius and
worked out by Mr. Benton, and letters and other not of the Forum Romanum.
documentary materials are so skilfully employed
in the text that the story almost tells itself from
Diary of
· Edited by Lamia'- these words on
the records. The monograph is admirably printed
a poct
the title-page of The Poet's Diary'
and contains five excellent engravings.
(Macmillan) convey a broad hint
as to the shrinking Poet's identity; and when,
Up-to-date To keep really up-to-date in a on turning a few leaves, we meet with our old
knowledge of knowledge of the Roman Forum acquaintance Veronica, the last lingering doubt
is a very difficult matter. Although is dispelled. We have here the same Mr. Alfred
one of the oldest places in Roman history, it Austin as in ‘Lamia's Winter Quarters' and 'The
has been so long buried that it is one of the Garden that I Love,' dexterously spinning out
newest topographically, the last six years having sentence after sentence and paragraph after
done more to uncover and explain its ancient paragraph with a facile grace of composition, a
monuments than all the earlier centuries together deft interweaving of literary allusion and quota-
had done before. So many have been the revela- tion, a ready succession of pleasing ideas, that
tions of pick and spade during this time that the cannot but excite our admiration. Italy and
traveller returning after only a few years of things Italian-a fertile theme-are the principal
absence feels himself quite a stranger in the once topics discussed; and well does the diarist know
familiar spot. It seems, and is, much larger his Rome and his Florence. The closing chapter
than he remembers it, several modern is written in 'The Garden that I Love'-the
laureate.
the Forum.
a
encroachments-a row of dwellings, a street-car Poet's home and is therefore English in atmos-
track, a church, a convent, and a garden-hav-
ing been banished. Underneath where they once
stood the remains of ancient basilicas,
phere. The diarist's manner is winsome, and it
seems ungracious to damn his book with faint
praise; but not even the most gifted of us, not
are


130
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
.
1
A novel
even a poet laureate, can always attain perfec- the events, is not quite accurate in her staté.
tion. Perhaps the less excellent books serve a ments; and so perhaps it is well to have such a
purpose in accentuating the merits of the more full and apparently trustworthy account of the
excellent; and if a writer fills one volume with matter as is now given in 'An Artist's Love
harmless banalities, his readers may be impelled, Story' (Longmans), as told, with the help of
if only by very weariness, to turn for possible some hitherto unpublished letters from the chief
relief to some of his others. In short, there is characters concerned, by Mr. Oswald G. Knapp.
nothing so inevitable and compelling about “The That Lawrence was an incorrigible flirt, and that
Poet's Diary' as to warrant the assertion that its the whole story of his successive entanglements
loss would eclipse the gaiety of nations or very and disentanglements with Sally and Maria is a
greatly impoverish the public stock of harmless paltry enough chronicle, cannot be denied; but
pleasure. Changing one word of the Poet's warn- the prominence of some of the actors in this little
ing to orators, we may say, 'The gift of diary- | tragi-comedy, and the amiable qualities of the two
writing, like the gift of writing mellifluous beautiful and ill-fated sisters, give the affair a
poetry, is a sorry and dangerous one unless certain dignity and pathos. Both girls died early
inspired, sustained and restrained by “Reason of consumption, and the fascinating Tom Law-
in her most exalted mood."?
rence, after breaking no one knows how many
hearts, himself died an old bachelor. Two por-
A novel experiment in American traits that are printed of Maria Siddons, as
municipal municipal activities, as interesting being both by Lawrence, are remarkable for their
experiment.
as it is unusual, is described in the entire lack of resemblance to each other. Other
volume edited by Mr. Charles G. Hall and entitled portraits, including the familiar National Gallery
'The Cincinnati Southern Railway: A History.' | painting of Mrs. Siddons by Lawrence, are also
The account of the building of the road, coming given, and a few autographs in facsimile.
as it does from several pens, is neither so clear
nor concise as could be wished, but it appears that
the need of a railway connecting Cincinnati with
An episode in
Wadsworth, or The Charter Oak,"
Connecticut
the South was felt with such poignancy as long history.
is the title of a book written and
published by Mr. William H.
ago as 1836 that a mass meeting was held in the
western metropolis of that day and a round mil-
Gocher, of Hartford, Connecticut. It purports
lion of dollars subscribed for the enterprise_a hiding of the colonial charter, in 1687, in the
to give all that is ascertainable relating to the
huge sum for that time. Delay followed delay,
the aid of the legislature was sought, and the
famous oak tree at Hartford,-an incident of
which Captain Joseph Wadsworth, according to
enterprise was at last on its feet when the Civil
War put in the background every consideration
doubtful tradition, was the hero. The motive of
except the possibilities of a military road. An-
the deed, it will be remembered, was to keep the
other series of delays and disappointments fol-
charter out of the hands of Andros, the newly
lowed the war, but authorization was finally
appointed governor of all New England, who
demanded its surrender in the King's name. Mr.
obtained, not only from the legislature of Ohio
but from those of Kentucky and Tennessee, and
Gocher has shown commendable antiquarian zeal
in 1873 the actual construction of the road began
in prosecuting his researches; yet his readers will
with money lent by its trustees from their own
probably wish he had not chosen to weave fact
and fiction into the same web in a book that pro-
In July, 1877, the first division of the
road was opened for business. Many millions fes
fesses to be history rather than a novel. Wads-
worth himself is made to tell the story of the
of dollars were raised by the sale of bonds, and
the present situation finds the road in possession
charter and its hiding, in language that is undis-
of the Cincinnati, New Orleans & Texas Pacific
guisedly hodiernal, and with many interpolations
of matter remotely or not at all connected with
Railway Company as lessee, the trustees of the
the main theme. The chapters on the Royal Oak,
Cincinnati Southern holding the legal title in
on Cromwell, and on the Regicides, are of this
trust for the city of Cincinnati. The lease, which
irrelevant nature. The wording, and still more
was for a period of twenty-five years, expires in
the spelling, of Joseph Wadsworth's will, which
1906, and the leasing and operating corporation
is now paying about $1,100,000 a year for its use
is printed in full, are so strikingly in contrast
with the modernity of his supposed narrative,
of the property. Whether or not a new lease will
that not the faintest touch of illusion can cling
be made is a matter now open for discussion. The
to the latter. But the author frankly indicates
book is profusely illustrated with scenes along
in his introduction the true nature of what is to
the road, portraits of officials and others, views
of business houses in cities on the route, and
follow. “By blending fact and fancy,' he says,
'it is possible to weave a narrative which enter-
similar material.
tains and at the same time instructs the reader.
Love affairs
Readers of Fanny Kemble's 'Rec- Those who believe it can; those who doubt it
of a famous ords of a Girlhood' will recall may;-so let it go at that.' There is reason to
bachelor.
sundry rather tantalizing refer- believe, as readers of the book would do well to
ences to certain interesting complications of a sen- bear in mind, that the original charter was
timental nature, in which the artist Lawrence and secreted, possibly in the oak tree of tradition,
Mrs. Siddons's two elder daughters, Sally and some time before Andros's arrival at Hart-
Maria, were involved. Mrs. Kemble, writing from ford, and that a duplicate figured in the historie
remembrance based on hearsay, and years after scene in the council chamber. For a plain
7
i


1905.]
131
THE DIAL
Ancw book
new
a
account of the matter chapter sixteen of San-
Lady Augusta Gregory continues
ford's ‘History of Connecticut' may be consulted. of Irish legends her efforts for the popularization
Mr. Gocher's work is lavishly illustrated from
and folk-lore.
of Irish legends with a second vol-
old prints, old portraits, and modern photographs, ume, 'Gods and Fighting Men: The Story of the
and is provided with numerous footnotes bearing Tuatha. de Danaan and of the Fianna of Ire-
evidence of painstaking research.
land' (imported by Scribner). The volume is a a
companion to 'Cuchulain of Muirthemne,' which
An edition
The appearance
of each
it resembles in style and treatment. From the
de lure of volume from the Department of
the Georgics.' Limited Editions at the Riverside
most miscellaneous sources, some written but
more oral, Lady Gregory has collected fragments
Press serves to strengthen our conviction that of ancient tales of the gods and demigods, piecing
Mr. Rogers 's work represents the highwater them together into a mosaic wherein the joints
mark, so far as this country is concerned, in fine are skilfully concealed, and telling them in the
printing at the present time. The Department sort of English used by the Irish peasantry, with
is now installed in a building of its own, with
quaint idioms of the Erse literally translated
its own special facilities in the way of material
and a general air of exoticism which is most allur-
and workmen; the printing will hereafter be donc
ing. Mr. William Butler Yeats has written an
on hand presses, and from the type itself rather
introduction for the book, and Lady Gregory pre-
than from electrotype plates as heretofore. This
pares a series of appendices which are valuable
is all as it should be, and that the new conditions to the beginner,-one of them particularly so, for
will have a marked effect for good is evidenced it tells how to pronounce the proper names run-
by the latest volume from the Press,-a reprint ning through the narrative. Physically, the book
of the 'Georgics' of Virgil, in Mr. J. W. Mac-
is a handsome one, with a cover design of more
kail's fine translation. The book is octavo in size, than usual merit.
printed on handmade paper from a font of old-
style italics, with the antique 'swash' capitals,
and is bound in decorated board covers with vel-
lum back. A charming outline drawing, of classic
NOTES.
flavor, is printed in brown at the beginning of each
of the four books, there is a graceful panel design An informal review, by Prof. Goldwin Smith, of
for the title-page, and each paragraph has a small Mr. Morley's Life of Gladstone will be published
decorative initial. But the decorative features immediately by the A. Wessels Co.
are here, as in all the Riverside Press books, A volume by Bishop Potter setting forth in full
entirely subordinate to the typography; unlike his much-discussed views on the temperance ques.
most of the others who are attempting to do
tion is announced by Messrs. T. Y. Crowell & Co.
what he has done, Mr. Rogers has no need to 'Some Principles of Literary Criticism and Their
employ garish decoration as a means of diverting Application to the Synoptic Problem,' by Prof.
attention from crudities of workmanship. The
Ernest DeWitt Burton, is a late addition to the
marked distinction of his work is the result of an
‘Decennial Publications' of the University of
Chicago.
observance of sound typographical principles,
combined with a certain amount of conservative
A reprint of a hitherto unknown poem by Samuel
individual initiative, and an intelligent sense of
Rowlands, entitled “The Bride,' made from the
unique copy in the Harvard College Library, will
artistic, fitness. The ‘Georgics' may be regarded be issued this month by Mr. Charles E. Goodspeed
as one of his most successful efforts.
of Boston.
The story
In "The Story of Wireless Teleg-
A reprint of Sylvester Judd's account of Hadley,
Massachusetts, one of the most valuable of New
of Wireless raphy' (Appleton), Mr. A. T. Story
England town histories, is projected by Messrs. H.
Telegraphy.
has presented a subject of great
R. Huntting & Co., Springfield, Mass. The edition
and growing importance in such a manner that will be limited.
the reader without technical knowledge can fol- An edition of Ben Jonson’s ‘Bartholomew Fair,'
low the narrative from beginning to end, and at prepared by Dr. Carroll Storrs Alden, is an impor-
the close emerge from his reading with a fair tant recent addition to the series of 'Yale Studies
conception of what has been accomplished even in English,' published for the University by Messrs.
on the technical side. The steps leading to Sig- Henry Holt & Co.
nor Marconi's reduction to practice of the knowl- The 'Studies in General Physiology,' by Prof.
edge existing before him are detailed, but with Jacques Loeb, containing a résumé of this eminent
the emphasis still left upon the condition of biologist's investigations during the past twenty
the art today. It is curious to note that Pro- years, will appear on the first of next month from
fessor Morse himself was successful in using run-
the University of Chicago Press.
ning water as a conductor for a telegraphic cur-
'Broadway: A Village of Middle England,' by
rent in experiments going back to 1842. The
Mr. Algernon Gissing, and ‘Evesham,' by Mr.
Edmund H. New, are two volumes added to the
share of Americans generally in the investiga- charming series of booklets called "Temple Topog
tions leading to the present triumphs is made
raphies,' published by Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co.
quite clear, and the book closes with an account
A new edition of the Hon. William L. Scruggs's
of Professor Fessenden's apparatus. There are "The Colombian and Venezuelan Republics,' made
numerous illustrations, whereby the method of
timely by an added chapter on the Panama Canal
operation may be learned, and there is a satis- and a reprint of the Panama Canal Treaty, has been
factory index
issued by Messrs. Little, Brown & Co.
>


132
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
Still another new magazine devoted to outdoor
life, the country home, and similar matters, will
make its appearance within a month or two. It is
to be called "The Country Calendar,' and will be
issued from the office of The Review of Reviews.'
* The Little Flowers of St. Francis of Assisi,'
translated into English verse by Mr. James
Rhoades, is a handsomely printed volume just pub-
lished by Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. The trans-
lation is in blank verse, and there are three charm-
ing prefatory sonnets.
Mr. G. W. E. Russell's life of Sidney Smith will
appear in the 'English Men of Letters' series this
spring; and so will biographies of two Americans-
Mr. William A. Bradley's life of Bryant, and Dr.
Harry Thurston Peck's account of William Hickling
Prescott.
"The Retreat of a Poet Naturalist,' by Miss Clara
Barrus, is an account of the country home of Mr.
John Burroughs, at West Park, New York. It is
issued in tasteful pamphlet form by the Poet Lore
Co., as the first number in a series called 'Poet Lore
Brochures.'
An addition to Champlin's popular series of
‘Young Folks' Cyclopædias,' the first volume of
which appeared a quarter-century ago, will be pub-
lished by Messrs. Holt & Co. in April. Natural His-
tory is the subject of the new volume, and Mr.
Champlin has been assisted in its preparation by
Mr. Frederic A. Lucas.
Two important additions have just been made to
the Columbia University Studies in History,
Economics, and Public Law.' They are 'Pre-Mal-
thusian Doctrines of Population,' by Dr. Charles
Emil Stangeland, and History and Criticism of
the Labor Theory of Value in English Political
Economy,' by Dr. Albert C. Whitaker.
“The Burlington Magazine,' under its new Amer-
ican publisher, Mr. Robert Grier Cooke, continues to
maintain the highest standards in its field. The
leading article in the January issue is devoted to a
description, by Mr. A. H. Smith, of the sculpture at
Lansdowne House, illustrated with several fine
reproductions.
A volume on Samuel de Champlain, by Mr. Nar-
cisse E. Dionne, will be added this month to the
Makers of Canada' series, published by Messrs.
Morang & Co., Toronto. This series of biographies,
in many ways the most important publishing enter-
prise yet undertaken in Canada, will be complete in
twenty volumes, six of which have now appeared.
In response to a demand from members of various
university faculties, the Messrs. Harpers are pre-
paring a special ‘University Edition of their
important twenty-eight volume history, "The Amer-
içan Nation,' five volumes of which have so far
appeared. This edition will contain exactly the
same text, but will be issued in simpler and more
suitable form for college use.
From Herr J. C. Heinrichs, Leipzig (imported by
Stechert), we have The Songs of an Egyptian
Peasant,' as collected and translated into German
by Herr Heinrich Schaefer, and from German into
English by Miss Frances Hart Breasted. The orig-
inal text of the songs, an Egyptian dialect of Arabic,
is given with the translation, and the book is charm-
ingly illustrated.
A memorial to the poet Edward Rowland Sill has
recently been unveiled at Oakland, California. It
is in the form of a bronze sun-dial, mounted on a
granite base, and is the gift of three classes of the
Oakland High School, where Sill was a teacher for
short time. The publishers of Sill's works,
Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., have for some time
past held out promises of a complete edition of his
poems in a single convenient volume. It is to be
hoped on all accounts that such an edition may be
given us.
Mr. W. D. Moffat and Mr. Robert S. Yard, both
of whom for several years past have occupied prom-
inent positions in the house of Messrs. Charles
Scribner's Sons, have now gone into publishing on
their own account, under the corporate title of
Moffat, Yard & Company. They have also formed a
business alliance with the publishers of ‘Town and
Country,' in which periodical they have acquired
an interest.
The reprint of the Baron de Lahontan's 'New
Voyages to North America,' which Messrs. McClurg
& Co. have had in preparation for some time past,
is now definitely announced for publication this
month. In many ways this will form the most
attractive work in Messrs. McClurg's series of
Americana reprints; for, in addition to its historical
value, the narrative of this gay soldier of fortune
possesses an intrinsic charm and interest altogether
lacking in the relations of his austerer fellow-ex-
plorers of the late seventeenth century. The
edition is in two octavo volumes, with introduction,
notes, and index by Dr. Reuben Gold Thwaites.
From the Library of Congress we have just
received two publications of exceptional importance.
One of them is a reprint of Justin Winsor's mono-
graph on The Kohl Collection of Maps relating to
America,' first published by Harvard University
in 1886. The collection which it concerns has
recently been transferred from the Department of
State to the Library of Congress. The other pub-
lication is Volume 1. of the Journal of the Con-
tinental Congress,' now to be for the first time
printed in full. It is expected that this work will
occupy about fifteen volumes, and that the publi-
cation will require several years. It is edited by
Mr. Worthington C. Ford, and has numerous illus-
trations in facsimile.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 52 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
THOMAS CRANMER and the English Reformation, 1489-
1556. By Alfred Frederick Pollard, M.A. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 399. Heroes of the Reformation.' G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.35 net.
THOMAS MOORE. By Stephen Gwynn. 12mo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 204. English Men of Letters.' Macmillan
Co. 75 cts. net.
THE LONG AGO AND THE LATER ON; or, Recollections of
Eighty Years. By George Tisdale Bromley. With por-
trait, 12mo, uncut, pp. 289. San Francisco: A. M.
Robertson $1.50 net.
HISTORY.
THE CAMBRIDGE MODERN HISTORY. Planned by the late
Lord Acton, LL.D.; edited by A. W. Ward, G. W.
Prothero, and Stanley Leathes. Vol. III., The Wars
of Religion. Large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 914.
Macmillan Co. $4. net.
ENGLAND UNDER THE STUARTS. By G. M. Trevelyan.
Large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, PP. 6. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $3. net.
THE BLOCK-HOUSE BY BULL'S FERRY. By Charles H.
Winfield. Including the Cow Chace' by Major André.
With notes. Illus., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 61.
New York: William Abbatt.
JOURNAL OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, 1774-1789.
Edited from the original records in the Library of
Congress by Worthington Chauncey Ford. Vol. I.,
1774. Illus., 4to, uncut, pp. 143, Government Print-
ing Office,
a


1905.]
133
THE DIAL
pp. 131.
THE RETREAT OF A POET NATURALIST. By Clara Barrus,
M. D. With frontispiece, 12mo, uncut, pp. 30. Poet-
Lore Co. Paper, 50 cts. net.
RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.
BIBLE PROBLEMS, and the New Material for their Solu-
tion. By T. K. Cheyne, D.Litt. 12mo, pp.
271.
Crown
ogical Li y.' G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.50 net.
THE SAINTLY CALLING. By James Mudge, D.D. 12mo,
gilt top, pp. 260. Jennings & Graham. $1.
THE UPWARD LEADING : Pulpit Talks under Various Au-
spices. By James Henry Potts. With portrait, 12mo,
Jennings & Graham. 50 cts. net.
ST. PETER AND HIS TRAINING. By Rev. John Davidson,
M.A. With frontispiece, 24mo, pp. 120. "Temple
Bible Handbooks.' J. B. Lippincott Co. 30 cts, net.
POLITICS AND ECONOMICS.
THE GOVERNANCE OF ENGLAND. By Sidney Low, M.A.
Large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 320. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $2.25 net.
PRE-MALTHUSIAN DOCTRINES OF POPULATION: A Study
in the History of Economic Theory. By Charles Emii
Stangeland, Ph.D. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 356. *Colum-
bia University Studies.' Macmillan Co. Paper, $2.50.
HISTORY AND CRITICISM OF THE LABOR THEORY OF VALUES
in English Political Economy. By Albert C. Whitaker,
Ph.D. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 195. . Columbia Uni.
versity Studies.' Macmillan Co. Paper, $1.50.
DANIEL WEBSTER, the Expounder of the Constitution.
By Everett Pepperell Wheeler. With photogravure
portrait, large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 188. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.50 net.
SEVEN YEARS' HARD. By Richard Free. 8vo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 268. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50 net.
A NARRATIVE OF THE CAPTIVITY OF NEHEMIAH How in
1745-1747. Reprinted from the original edition of
1748, and edited by Victor Hugo Palsits. 8vo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 72. Cleveland : Burrows Brothers Co.
$3.50 net.
AMERICA'S AID TO GERMANY IN 1870-71: An Abstract
from the Official Correspondence of E. B. Washburne,
U. S. Ambassador to Paris. The English text, with
a German translation, and prefaced by Adolf Hepner.
12mo, pp. 464. St. Louis : Adolf Hepner. $1.50.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
TRAGIC DRAMA IN ÆSCHYLUS, SOPHOCLES, AND SHAKE-
SPEARE: An Essay. By Lewis Campbell, M.A. 8vo,
gilt top, pp. 280. Longmans, Green & Co. $2. net.
POETRY AS A REPRESENTATIVE ART: An Essay in Com-
parative Æsthetics. By George Lansing Raymond,
L.H.D. Fifth edition, revised. 8vo, gilt top, pp. 356.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.75.
THE HEART OF ASBURY'S JOURNAL. Edited by Ezra Squier
Tipple, D.D., Illus., 8vo, pp. 720. Eaton & Mains.
$1.50 net.
DRAMATIC EPISODES. By Marjorie Benton Cooke. 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 181. Chicago: Dramatic Publish-
ing Co.
THOUGHTS OF A FOOL. By Evelyn Gladys. With frontis-
piece, 12mo, uncut, pp. 258. Chicago : E. P. Rosen-
thal. $1.50.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD
LITERATURE.
HOURS IN A LIBRARY. By Leslie Stephen. New edition,
with additions. In 4 vols., 12mo, gilt tops, uncut.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $6. net.
THE LITTLE FLOWERS OF ST. FRANCIS OF Assisi. Ren-
dered into English verse by_James Rhoades. 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 303. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2. net.
BOOKS OF VERSE.
THE RUBAIYAT OF THE COMMUTER. By Harry Persons
Taber. 24mo, uncut, pp. 48. Briarcliff Manor, N. Y.:
John Bridges. Paper.
SONGS FOR MOMENTS OF HOPE. By Clara E. Vester. 12mo,
gilt top, pp. 79. R. G. Badger. $1.25.
CONTRASTED SONGS, By Marian Longfellow. With por-
trait, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 103. R. G. Badger.
$1.25.
AS THOUGHT IS LED: Lyrics and Sonnets. By Alicia K.
Van Buren. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 48. R. G.
Badger. $1.
APRIL DAYS. By Luella Clark. 12mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 178.
R. G. Badger. $1.50.
THE DAWN OF FREEDOM; or, The Last Days of Chivalry,
and
Other Poems. By Charles Henry St. John.
12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 156. R. G. Badger. $1.50.
THE PALACE OF THE HEART, and Other Poems of Love.
By Pattie Williams Gee. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp.
R. G. Badger. $1.
FICTION
THE GARDEN OF ALLAH. By Robert Hichens. 12mo,
pp. 482.
Frederick A. Stokes Co. $1.50.
THE SECRET WOMAN. By Eden Phillpotts. With frontis.
piece, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 385. Macmillan Co.
$1.50.
MYSTERIOUS MR. SABIN. By E. Phillips Oppenheim.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 397. Little, Brown & Co. $1.50.
THE SILENCE OF MRS. HARROLD. By Samuel M. Garden-
hire. 12mo, pp. 461. Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
THE HOUSE OF HAWLEY. By Elmore Elliott Peake.
12mo, pp. 341. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
THE QUEEN'S KNIGHT ERRANT: A Story of the Days of
Sir Walter Raleigh. By Beatrice Marshall. Illus,
12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 322. E. F. Dutton & Co.
$1.50.
THE CLOCK AND THE KEY. By Arthur Henry Vesey.
12mo, pp. 303. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
AT THE EDGE OF THE YELLOW SKY. By Guy Arthur
Jamieson. 12mo, pp. 125. New York: M. W. Hazen
Co.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
THE UNVEILING OF LHASA. By Edmund Candler. Illus.,
large 8vo, uncut, Pp. 304. Longmans, Green &
Co.
SCIENCE AND NATURE.
THE WONDERS OF LIFE : A Popular Study of Biological
Philosophy. By Ernest Haeckel; trans. by Joseph
McCabe. 12mo, pp. 485. Harper & Brothers. $1.50
net.
REFLECTIONS SUGGESTED BY THE NEW THEORY OF MAT-
TER By Right Hon. Arthur James Balfour, M.P.
8vo, pp. 24. Longmans, Green & Co. Paper, 36
cts. net.
A LITTLE BROTHER TO THE BEAR, and Other Animal
Studies. By William J. Long. Illus., 12mo, pp. 178.
Ginn & Co. 50 cts.
ART.
64.
MODERN CIVIC ART; or, The City Made Beautiful. By
Charles Mulford Robinson. Seond edition, illus. in
photogravure, etc., large 8vo. gilt top, uncut, pp.
381. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3. net.
THE GENESIS OF ART-Form: An Essay in Comparative
Æsthetics. By George Lansing Raymond, L.H.D.
Second edition, revised. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 311.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.25.
MISCELLANEOUS.
A HISTORY OF ENGLISH FURNITURE. By Percy Macquoid.
Part I., illus. in color, etc., large 4to, uncut, pp. 48.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. (To be complete in 20 parts.)
Per part, $2.50 net.
LIFE INSURANCE EXAMINATIONS: A Manual for the Medical
Examiner and for All Interested in Life Insurance.
By Brandreth Symonds, A.M. 18mo, pp. 214. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1. net.
WANTED. Assistant Librarian, college graduate, between 24
THE MEDICI BALLS : Seven Little Journeys in Tuscany. SHAKESPEARE, First Folio Edition
and 36. Must have presence and address, energy and executive
ability. Library experience desirable, but not essential, if candidate
POBBesses high personal and educational qualifications. Address
F. M. CRUNDEN, Public Library, St. Louis, Mo.
THE HISTORY OF HADLEY, MASS.
By SYLVESTER JUDD
A reprint of this scarce book is now in pross. It is one of the best
pictures of Colonial life extant. Send for descriptive circular.
H. R. HUNTTING & Co., Springfield, Mass.
By Anna. E. Sheldon and M. Moyca Newell. Illus.
in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, uncut, pp. 237. New
York : Charterhouse Press. $3.50 net.
THE COLOMBIAN AND VENEZUELA REPUBLICS. With notes
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134
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THE DIAL
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Volume XXXVIII. CHICAGO, MARCH 1, 1905.
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BOOKS OF THE MONTH
THE OUTLET By ANDY ADAMS
An exciting personal account of an old-time cattle drive showing how the great herds of our Western Plains were
brought to market. It is full of incident, action and adventure such as will recall Mr. Adams's first great success,
The Log of a Cowboy.” Illustrated by E. Boyd Smith. Crown 8vo, $1.50.
66
THE OPAL
A short anonymous novel presenting a character study
of unusual and compelling interest, besides giving some
intimate and amusing pictures of Boston society. With
striking frontispiece in tint. 12mo, $1.25.
OUT OF BONDAGE
By ROWLAND E. ROBINSON
More stories of the Green Mountain country, written
with the love of sport, keen observation, and sympathy
characteristic of the author of "Uncle 'Lisha's Outing
and “Danvis Folks." 16mo, $1.25.
99
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This summer story, full of audaciously humorous situations and clever dialogue, is far-and-away Miss Wells's best
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hours of steady and forgetful enjoyment. Illustrated by CHARLES M. RELYEA. 12mo, $1.50.
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Witty and thoughtful essays on
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A live discussion of the question:
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WILD WINGS
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Adventures of a camera-hunter among the larger wild
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With an
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OUR NAVY AND THE BARBARY CORSAIRS
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136
[March 1,
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Longmans, Green, & Co.'s New Books
The Unveiling of Lhasa
Historical Mysteries
By ANDREW LANG. 8vo. With Photogravure Front-
ispiece. $2.50 net. By mail, $2.66.
I. The Case of Elizabeth Canning.-II. The Murder of Esco-
vedo.- III. The Campden Mystery.- IV. The Case of Allan Breck.-
V. The Cardinal's Necklace. - VI. The Mystery of Caspar Hau-
ser: the Child of Europe.- VII. The Gowrie Conspiracy.– VIII.
The Strange Case of Daniel Douglas Home. - IX. The Case of Cap-
tain Green.--X. Queen Oglethorpe (in collaboration with Miss
ALIQE SHIELD).- XI. The Chevalier d'Eon.- XII. Saint-Germain
the Deathless. — XIII. The Mystery of the Kirks.- XIV. The
End of Jeanne de la Motte.
By EDMUND CHANDLER. With 53 Illustrations
from Sketches and Photographs by Members of the
Expedition, and a Map. Demy Svo, $5.00.
This volume contains a complete account of the recent Expedi-
tion to Tibet from start to finish. Mr. Chandler was in India when
the mission was formed, and joined it within forty-eight hours of
obtaining permission to go. He was a witness of the final engage-
ments and the entry into Lhasa, and stayed in Lhasa until the
return of the expedition, making good use of his time there in
collecting valuable and interesting information about the curious
religious institutions of the sacred city.
Port Arthur
Three Months with the Beseigers
A Diurnal of Occurrents
By FREDERIC VILLIERS. With 35 Illustrations,
2 Facsimilies, and a Map. 8vo, $2.50 net. By mail,
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CG
Fragments of Prose and Poetry
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CONTENTS.– FRAGMENTS OF INNER LIFE: 1. Parentage and
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The Russo-Japanese War
Tragic Drama in Æschylus,
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From the Outbreak of Hostilities to
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By THOMAS COWEN. With 46 Full-page Illustrations
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AN ESSAY
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Hon. D.Litt., Oxon, Emeri