Grafton,
S.T.D., $1.50. Historic Martyrs of the Primitive Church,
by Rev. A. J. Mason, D.D.--- Ministers of the Word
and Sacraments, lectures on pastoral théology, by the
Ven. S. M. Taylor, M.A. The Grace of Sacraments,
treatises on baptism and the Eucharist, by Alexander
Knox, edited by William Dalrymple Maclagan, D.D. -
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with preface by Rev. G. Congreve, S.S.J.E. (Long-
mans, Green, & Co.)
.


1905.]
211
THE DIAL
Bibliography of Nathaniel Hawthorne, compiled by Nina
E. Browne, limited edition, with photogravure portrait,
$5. net. - A. Dictionary of American Authors, by Oscar
Fay Adams, fifth edition, enlarged and revised to 1905,
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A Concordance of Dante's Italian Prose Works and of
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Handbook of Nursing, published under the
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berton; Beaumont and Fletcher's Philaster and The Maid's
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Co.)
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lotte Porter and Helen A. Clarke, new vol.: The Tragedie
of Hamlet, with photogravure frontispiece, 50 cts. net.
(Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.)
as


212
[March 16,
THE DIAL
Progress and Poverty, by Henry George, Anniversary edi.
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and
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(Houghton, Mifflin & Co.)


1905.]
213
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The Science of War, by Lieut.-Col. G. F. R. Henderson,
with memoir of the author by Lord Roberts, V.C., and
photogravure portrait. International Law, a treatise,
by L. Oppenheim, LL.D., in 2 vols., Vol. I., Peace.
(Longmans, Green & Co.)
A History of the English Turf, by Theodore Andrea Cook,
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Sons.)
The Art of Organ Building, by George Ashdown Audsley,
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sentation edition, $1.25 net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
Concerning Genealogies, by Frank A. Allaben, 75 cts. net.
- Motor Goose Rhymes for Motor Ganders, by Herman
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Diplomatic Mysteries, by Vance Thompson, illus., $1.50
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The Virginia County Records, published under the auspices
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The History of U-stems in Greek, by W. C. Gunnerson.
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Sword Play for Actors, illus. (M. W. Hazen Co.)
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LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 65 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON: A Record, an Estimate, and a
Memorial. By Alexander H. Japp, LL.D. With photo-
gravure portrait and facsimiles. 12mo, gilt top, pp.
308. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50 net.
a
HISTORY.
PORT ARTHUR : Three Months with the Besiegers ;
American History in Literature, compiled by Martha A. L.
Lane and Mabel Hill, 2 vols. — First Steps in Science,
by Lothrop D. Higgins. Butterflies and Bees, by Mar-
garet W. Morley, illus. In the Reign of Coyote, folk-
lore from the Pacific, by Katherine Chandler, illus.
Intermediate, Advanced, and Practical Arithmetics, by
David Eugene Smith, each in 1 vol. - A Second
Reader, by Frances E. Blodgett and Andrew B.
Blodgett, illus. – All the Year Round series, new vol.:
Summer, by M. A. L. Lane, illus. — Sunshine Primer,
by Marion I. Noyes and Kate Louise Guild, illus.
Moni the Goat Boy, and other stories, trans. from the
German of Johanna Spyri by Edith F. Kunz. – Language
Series, by Joseph H. Wade and Emma Sylvester, Primer
and First Reader, each illus. Common School Spell-
ing Book, by Aaron Gove. Paper Sloyd for Primary
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Paul H. Hanus, illus. Twelve Songs Illustrated, for
kindergartens and primary schools, by Kate B. Palmer.
(Ginn & Co.)
Elements of German Grammar, by G. T. Tippold. Ele-
ments of Geometry, by W. U. Bush and John B. Clarke,
illus. - Old Tales and Modern Ideals, by J. H. Phillips.
History Stories of Georgia, by J. Harris Chappell,
illus. American Pioneers, by William A. Mowry, illus.
Social Forms Writing Book, intermediate slant, by D.
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Vocal Music, by Robert Foresman, Book III. (Silver,
Burdett & Co.)
Simple Grammaire Francaise, accompagnes d'un question-
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Translation, English into French, by Paul Bercy, ninth
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Jeanne Schultz, edited by R. E. Bassett, 85 cts.
Choses de France, by Prof. C. Fontaine. - Robinson's
German Verb Form, 50 cts. (William R. Jenkins.)
The Trend in Higher Education, by President William R.
Harper, $1.50 net. - The Place of Industry in Elementary
Education, by Katharine E. Dopp, new edition, revised
and enlarged, illus. (University of Chicago Press.)
The Essentials of Algebra, brief and complete courses, by
John C. Stone and James F. Millis. – A New Latin Com.
position, by M. Grant Daniell. - Caesar's Gallic War
books I.-IV., edited by Frederick W. Sanford and Harold
W. Johnston. - The Gospel of Mark, edited by William
Prentiss Drew. — Cicero's Orations, edited by Benjamin
L. D'Ooge. (Benj. H. Sanborn & Co.)
Medieval Civilization, by Dana C. Munro and George C.
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W. F. Willoughby, $1.25 net. The American Judiciary
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The Life and Nature Series, selected, edited, and arranged
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mal stories, by Hermon Lee Ensign, 75 cts. net. (A. C.
McClurg & Co.)
Oxford Modern French Series, new vols.: Taine's Voyage
aux Pyrénées, edited by W. Robertson; Landelle's Une
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Ténébreuse Affaire, edited by Marie A. Péchinet. Col-
lations of Cicero, by A. C. Clark, M.A. (Oxford Uni-
versity Press.)
MISCELLANEOUS.
Problems of the Panama Canal, including the physics and
hydraulics of the river Chagres, the climatology of the
isthmus, and the cut at the Culebra, by Brig. Gen.
Henry L. Abbot. International, Civil, and Commercial
Law, as founded upon theory, legislation, and practice,
by F. Meili, trans. and supplemented with additions of
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On Becoming Blind, advice for the use of persons losing
their sight, by Emile Javal, trans. by Dr. Carroll E.
Edson. American Sportsman's Library, edited by
Caspar Whitney, new vols.: Rowing and Track Ath-
letics, by S. Crowther, Jr., and Arthur Ruhl; The Amer-
ican Thoroughbred, by Charles E. Trevathen; Riding
and Driving, by Edward L. Anderson and Price Col-
lier; illus., per vol., $2. net. (Macmillan Co.)
French Songs of old Canada, pictured in color by W.
Graham Robertson, limited edition, $10. net.
(E. P.
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THE DIAL
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THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
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ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER.
No. 451.
APRIL 1, 1905.
Vol. XXXVIII.
CONTENTS.
PAGB
Charles
OUR PIONEER AMERICAN POET.
Leonard Moore
223
6
>
COMMUNICATION
226
Coöperation in Bibliographical Research. Eugene
Fairfield McPike.
PARSIFAL. (Sonnet.) W.M. P.
226
THE LIFE-WORK OF THEODORE THOMAS.
William Morton Payne .
227
OUR PIONEER AMERICAN POET.
There are estates which are held by the
payment of a rose or a piece of fruit in an-
nual rent. The intellectual domains which
we take from great writers deserve at least an
equal acknowledgment. Some legacies indeed
of this kind demand knight-service: we must
go to war to defend our king and almoner,
dead though he be. Our first true American
poet, however, does not need the help of sword
or torch. He is serene and secure in his
modest greatness, and there is nothing for us
to do but to bring to his grave-throne our
small tributes of criticism and appreciation.
It is related of Lao Tsze that he was car-
ried in his mother's womb for seventy or eighty
years, so that when he was born his hair was
white and his form hoar with antiquity. The
youth of nineteen, who, in a new country,
amid a race of pioneers, wrote 'Thanatopsis
certainly recalls the Chinese philosopher. The
dominant note in William Cullen Bryant's
poetry is age. Age, engulfment, resignation,
death,—these motives return again and again
in his poems. They are good themes, and
there is no reason why a poet should not be
especially born to express them; but the sin-
gular thing is that they should be sung as the
herald notes of our poetic dawn. One would
think that then, if at all, would sound the
music of Spring and Resurrection; then would
glow pictures of buoyant action -- the red col-
ors of love and war.
Without meaning anything but praise, it
may be said of Bryant's poems in general that
Wordsworth forgot to write them. A few of
them rise to the height of Wordsworth’s best,
and they never sink to the level of his worst.
But of course in mass, in range, in fire, the
English poet is immeasurably beyond his
American double or pupil. There is a differ-
ence, too, in their view of Nature and outlook
on man's destiny. Wordsworth is the poet of
immortality — of resurrection; the Nature he
loved was ablaze with Spirit. Bryant's Nature
is the Nature of the chemists and geologists
and geographers.
He lacked metaphysics.
How often has he repeated the idea of man
returning to his original elements,- of engulf-
ment in the grave! By iteration he makes it
impressive. Yet it is probably best to touch
such thoughts, and leave them. Omar's speak-
ing jar gives us a more vivid sense of the mat-
ter. And after all, the idea, poetically speak-
ing, is nothing much. If man is spirit, his
THE CLOSE OF THE CIVIL WAR AND THE
BEGINNING OF RECONSTRUCTION. David
Y. Thomas.
230
A “MONISTIC TRINITY.' T. D. A. Cockerell.
232
TWO ENGLISH CHURCHMEN. Percy F. Bicknell 234
RECENT BOOKS ABOUT MUSIC. Ingram A. Pyle 237
Miss Chapin's Makers of Song.–Mason's Beethoven
and his Forerunners.—Henderson's Modern Musical
Drift.-Gilman's Phases of Modern Music.—Jon-
son's A Handbook to Chopin's Works.—Miss Guer-
ber's Stories of Popular Operas.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
239
A great western statesman and expansionist.
New studies of Petrarch and Laura.—John Brown
in Kansas. Hawthorne redivivus. --Old Egypt
seen through expert eyes. — Memorials of a once
famous sea-port. — The charm of Renan in his let-
ters. — A convict's picture of prison life. - Stories
of the lives of some sea-creatures.
NOTES
242
.
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS
243
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
243


224
[April 1,
THE DIAL
>
<
sinking into the grave is of little consequence; out wind. His verse, however, is a most fit
and if earth is spirit, too, it is of still less. instrument for the meditative mood. Infe-
It is remarkable that Bryant keeps his Stoic rior in passages to Wordsworth's similar work,
conception of virtue and morality so high it is superior in single lines, and has far fewer
while yielding to an almost Lucretian sense of lapses into prose.
the constitution of the world.
Bryant's poems which bear upon wild-life in
Bryant has in poetry the felicity which the America, aboriginal or that of the early set-
Psalmist prayed for, - neither poverty nor tlers, such as “The Disinterred Warrior,' The
riches. Yet his severe taste saved him from Hunter of the Prairies,' 'Catterskill Falls,'
that inevitable instinct for the second-best have all a stamp of deep and grave sincerity.
which has ruined so much American verse. He They are miniatures, and require a magnify-
always recalls the masters; and when it is not ing-glass to bring out their merits. But even
Wordsworth's star which is in the ascendant, after Cooper's great canvasses, painted with a
it is that of Milton, or Gray, or Collins. He broad brush, these little vignettes repay study..
was perhaps the most careful student of verse There are a good many of Bryant's minor
we have had. But his music is too often a
pieces which have a sort of faded elegance, as
recollected air. His pictures,- achieving, as if they were originally written for the old
they frequently do, the virgin phrase, cool, Books of Beauty — the Annuals of our early
dewy, and unravished of man,— lack yet the literature. They are not in the least vital, -
ecstacy of more daring souls. The sacred they are purely manufactured; but their arti-
spark in him was a lambent phosphorescence, fice is well done. A list of these would be too
incapable of communicating heat or fire. long to give, but in it would be 'The Song of
Lyrical poetry does not lend itself easily to the Greek Amazon, Song of Pitcairn's Isl-
criticism. The spontaneous gush of thought, and,' The Damsel of Peru.' A poem like
the record of fleeting emotion, it is too evanes- The Lapse of Time' is of a higher mood; yet
cent in its nature to admit of dissection. it too is irritating: it is so near the common-
One does not analyze thistle-down, or break place, yet manages to evade actual prosaism.
a butterfly on the wheel. When the creating It reminds one of some of the slighter, prelu-
and combining powers come in, we can try to sive strains of Collins, which have nothing in
trace their progression and culmination in a them but an ineffable grace the classic air.
work of genius, and compare the results with But I must come to the handful of lyrics
other productions of a like order. But a good which are Bryant's real title-deeds to fame
a
lyric ought to be unitary and unique. Per- signed and sealed by the Muse. Two little
haps the best way to discuss a writer whose odes I would first mention, not for any spe-
work consists of a multitude of short pieces is cial mark of thought or phrase which they
to state first the general impression they pro- possess, but because of their originality in
duce, and then go on and say what one can of metre. They are The Greek Partisan' and
the single poems.
an Ode for a Celebration. Most poets, when
'
,
The largest division of Bryant's work is the they try to bring a variety of rhythm into a
group of blank-verse pieces, including Than- short compass, merely change the length of
atopsis,' 'The Forest Hymn,' The Prairies,' their lines; but Bryant here changes the key
'Earth,' 'Hymn to Death,' The Flood of of the music, as Gray did. These brief poems
Years,' and a few others. As far as theme and have in consequence a dancing movement
matter are concerned, they are practically all which is most effective.
one,- the same thoughts in varied settings. The Siesta' is probably the nearest ap-
The earliest written of them sums up their proach to a real song that Bryant ever wrote.
whole message, and the world has accepted it Some other of his things which are labelled
as the greatest. In manner, however, they are songs are as wooden as clothes-pegs, as cold as
equally good; and it is a manner which makes icicles. The Song of Marion's Men' is a
a small thing seem almost colossal. The blank- martial lyric, and a fine one, though it comes
verse is studied from Wordsworth, who got his far short of equalling the war-poems of Burns
by inheritance through Cowper from Milton. and Campbell, or even two more recent Amer-
Neither in Wordsworth nor in Bryant, how- ican patriotic strains, The Blue and the
ever, is there anything which much resembles Gray,' and 'The Bivouac of the Dead.' Bry-
Milton's sidereal style. And the two later ant's Greek Boy' is also a Tyrtarean poem,
poets differ from each other. In Wordsworth's and has real rather than painted fire. It is
best blank-verse there is a sense of growth, of course reminiscent of Byron's 'Isles of
a pulsating vitality, a pushing upward as of Greece. '
forest trees, each trying to be tallest. In Bry- In June' for almost the first time we find
ant's lines there is the faltering, soundless fall Bryant standing unpropped by any other poet.
of Autumn leaves detaching themselves with- All the art he had learned from Gray and
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1905.]
225
THE DIAL
In
Collins and Wordsworth was in his mind when What is Bryant's rank among our American
he wrote it, but for the nonce he forgot them singers ? Poe is greatest in prose, his verse
and spoke straight from his soul. The diction being merely the gold fringe on his prose suit
of the piece is full of floating gold which con- of sables; yet even in poetry he keeps his
centrates into one or two ingot-like phrases. precedence. He keeps it by reason of his
' Oh, Fairest of the Rural Maids' is almost strange originality, his almost unequalled gift
equally good, but here Bryant leans again
on of proportion and effect, his charm of haunt-
Wordsworth's shoulder, as he does in The ing melody and unforgetable picturing.
Fringed Gentian. Autumn Woods' is entire weight and felicity of single phrase, however,
ly original and absolutely flawless. Singularly, he is certainly not equal to either Bryant or
enough, Bryant, usually so grave, not to say Emerson; and by virtue of this felicity, allied
drab, in his coloring, here gives the gayest pic- to a considerable gift of design, Bryant, I
ture of American Autumn which exists in our should
say,
must rank second. Emerson's
literature. Mark the art or the unconscious shower of verbal sparks, which hardly ever
truth with which he assembles all the bright coalesced into a star-like poem, can only place
aspects of the season, the woods which have him third. Walt Whitman is a purely lyrical
put their glory on, the colored landscape, the poet, but even yet it is hard to assay and
gay company of trees, the painted leaves, the value his dithyrhambic verse. In the great
sun's quiet smile, the absence of gloom where battle of the Ramayana, Laksmana is mortally
many branches meet, the stream that shines wounded, and Hanuman, the monkey magician
with the image of its golden screen, the rose- of the epic, is sent to a distant mountain for
ate canopy where a maiden's blush would be an herb of healing to revive the hero. What
unmarked! The word "colored' is repeated with the length of the journey and his adven-
three times, probably with intention. Alto tures by the way, Hanuman forgets the de-
gether it is the most perfect piece of objec- scription of the plant. “Something there was,'
tive work which Bryant ever achieved, and he says, 'of red, something of white, something
needs only a touch of magical imagination to of gold. But he cannot make up his mind
place it fairly by the side of Keats's best. which of the flowering things he sees around
Hardly less admirable is 'The Death of the him is the right one; so he plucks up the
Flowers,' a little elegy whose sweet and gentle whole mountain by the roots, and conveys it
perfection make of it a sister-song to Collins's back to the field of battle. This is perhaps an
Fidele,' and even render it worthy to stand, exaggerated comparison for Whitman's poetry;
at some remove, in the presence of the Death there is a sense of mass and greatness in
Song in Cymbeline.' The simple fitness of him, yet it is most difficult to discover in all
the epithets throughout the piece is Greek; and his pages that plant of charm and healing
the exquisitely modulated metre is perhaps the which we call poetry.
most lyrical movement in all Bryant's verse. Lowell is reported to have said, late in life,
There remain Bryant's three crowning We were none of us as great poets as
poems — 'To the Past,' 'Lines to a Water-
thought we were.' None indeed of our classic
fowl,' and 'The Battlefield. The first has an writers had, in poetry at least, any great crea-
air of antique greatness. Its bareness is im- tive gifts. There were lyrists, occasional poets;
pressive as of a Spanish Hidalgo presiding at and it is useless to try to push lyrical and
his empty board with an inestimable jewel or occasional poetry into competition with the
two, heirlooms spared by Fate, glittering on large, continued creations of Literature. The
his fingers. The piece contains what is proba- question is easily decided. Let anyone ask
bly Bryant's finest line,-
himself which the world could better afford to
• And features, the great soul's apparent seat,' lose, all the poetry - the best of its kind
although
in the language - contained in Palgrave's
old ocean's gray and melancholy waste,'
'Golden Treasury,' or Shakespeare's ‘Hamlet.'
from "Thanatopsis,' and
The verdict could hardly be long in doubt.
"The desert and illimitable air,'
Much would we miss, much would drop from
of the 'Lines to a Waterfowl,' are near rivals. us, if the passion and pathos and imagination
The last-named poem is the quintessence of of England's lyrists were obliterated; but
Bryant's genius. Neither in motive nor man-
ner does it recall any other poet, and there the souls, not only of our race, but of man-
is none throughout time who would not be kind. Yet it is only one of a number of
proud to own it. Yet I think The Battle- nearly equal plays by a single author. And
field' is his final and supreme triumph. Beauty the same judgment would almost certainly
and splendor of picture are here, and a grandeur have to be rendered if the case were ‘Paradise
·
of utterance which might have been thundered Lost' against the whole body of lyrical verse
from Sinai.
in English. However, we cannot do without
we
>


226
[April 1,
THE DIAL
.
an
lyrical poetry, and we may be glad that we ation of individual notices for gumming upon
have in Bryant a singer who has added appre- index-cards. As to the work itself, an extended
ciably to the world's stock of the best in this illustration of its proposed contents could be
sort of writing.
compiled with little expense of time and labor;
CHARLES LEONARD MOORE.
but the few notices given below will perhaps
suffice for the present. The customary classifica-
tion is here omitted to economize space.
COMMUNICATION.
Astronomisches Gesellschaft. Vierteljahrsschrift.
[1910 Return of Halley's Comet.]
COÖPERATION IN BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH.
Vierteljahrsschrift der Astronomischen Gesellschaft,
39 Jahrgang, drittes Heft, pp. 149, 152 Leipzig, 1904.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
[Contains the announcement of a prize of 1,000
The establishment of a fully equipped American
Mark, offered by the Astronomisches Gesellschaft, 'for
the best determination of the positions of Halley's comet
bibliographical institute is a desideratum that
in the year of its return.']
has been suggested more than once, though there
Dunlap, William.
is some difference of opinion, even among those
[Benedict Arnold, as a British officer, under military
who have carefully considered the matter, as to surveillance by Cols. Simcoe and Dundas, jointly holding
the endowment required. One proposition pub-
a dormant commission' from Sir Henry Clinton.)
lished calls for a fund of two hundred thousand
History of the New Netherlands
By William
Dunlap, New York, 1840. See 2:201. [Consult, also,
dollars, or an implied income of from eight thou-
Simcoe's ' Military Journal,' 2nd ed., New York, 1844,
sand to ten thousand dollars per annum. A much pp. 158-162, 326.]
smaller sum could, however, be used advantageous-
Hopkinson, Hon. Francis.
ly in the pursuit of certain restricted lines of The Battle of the Kegs, a Song.
investigation. The importance of encouraging
Military Journal
by James Thacher, Hart-
ford, 1854. See pp. 372-374.
bibliographical research in America, is well un-
[An amusing song based upon an incident of the
derstood and ought, ere long, to result in the American revolution.]
creation of institution especially fitted
Lee, Henry. 1756-1818.
for the task. The cataloguing or bibliography Adventure of Sergeant-Major John Champe.
of books, as books, is receiving so much
Memoirs of the War in the Southern Department of
attention from the Library of Congress and
the U. S., by Henry Lee, New York, 1869 ; see pp. 394-
411. Ditto, Washington, 1827, see pp. 270-284.
other institutions that, irrespective of the great
[An account of Champe's attempt to capture Benedict
value of such work, there is perhaps no urgent and Arnold, alive, after the latter's treason. (Quoted in
immediate need of additional undertakings of ex-
Thacher's 'Military Journal,' appendix, pp. 380-399, Hart-
ford, 1854.)]
actly the same sort. The purpose of this note,
therefore, is to suggest another field of investiga-
[....
..]
Yankee Doodle.
tion whose fruitfulness is unlimited.
Young Folks' History of America, ed. by Hezekiah
Students and general readers frequently come Butterworth, Boston, 1881, see pp. 266-268.
across facts which, being curious or little known,
[A reprint of the original version of 15 verses, 4
lines each, written by a British sergeant, in Boston, in
or for other special reasons, are likely to be of
1775. (See Notes and Queries, 10th series, 3:24.)]
general interest, and should be so recorded as to
make them more accessible. Let the Carnegie
A periodical of the nature above outlined ought
Institution of Washington or one of the principal
to prove a welcome addition to public libraries
colleges commence the publication of a ‘Miscella-
and to the collections of educational institutions.
nea Curiosa,' comprising bibliographical notices
A general manifestation of interest in the project
collected by special investigators, general readers, might further its inauguration.
and others, with notes and queries. Occasionally,
EUGENE FAJRFIELD MCPIKE.
an item found could be made the basis of a
(Member B.S.A. and I.I.B., Brussels.)
quest for additional information. American col- Chicago, March 23, 1905.
leges, through their faculties and students, could
well coöperate with the editor, by contributing
notices from time to time, and special branches of
PARSIFAL.
knowledge might be pursued when desired. One
of the most important desiderata, as observed by
the writer in ‘Public Libraries,' March (10:123,
Stolid he stands, nor knows he any thrill
Of grief for the sore-stricken king, the prey
124), would be the formation of a good working
bibliography of bibliographies, which could be
Of torments dire, whose anguish to allay
No balsam serves, avails no healing skill.
included, as the scope of the “Miscellanea Curi-
osa' need not be limited.
Yet shall he bring redemption, e’en though still
All the notices published should be duly ar-
For years the tempter lure his feet astray
And cheat his senses, ere the sacred day
ranged and classified in very much the same man-
Dawn of the sure fulfilment of God's will.
ner as in that model volume, the 'A. L. A. Cat-
alog,' 1904 edition, issued by the Library of And now, with purpose clear, and vision purged
Congress. The order of the notices would thus Of the last sense-illusion, he, by grace
conform to the common practice of the majority Divine enlightened, and by pity urged,
of American libraries, which would conduce to the Here stands, with God in rapt communion merged,
accessibility of the work. A special edition of The Grail's pure light effulgent in his face,
the ‘Miscellanea Curiosa' could be printed upon Healer and Saviour in the holy place.
only one side of the paper, permitting the separ-
W. M. P.
6
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>


1905.]
227
THE DIAL
6
cert by “Master T. T.” I kept a supply of these
The New Books.
posters in my trunk, and when I had no money I
first obtained permission to use the dining hall of
a hotel for a concert, and then I went around on
THE LIFE-WORK OF THEODORE THOMAS.* the day before the concert took place and put up
my posters with tacks. When the time for the con-
The Theodore Thomas book, now given to cert arrived, I would stand at the door of the hall
the public just three months after the death and take the money until I concluded that my audi-
of the great conductor, has been prepared by
ence was about gathered, after which I would go to
his almost life-long friend, Mr. George P.
the front of the hall, unpack my violin, and begin
the concert. Sometimes I played with piano accom-
Upton, dean of musical critics in this country, paniment, but oftener without. I have yet in my
and a man thoroughly fitted for his task, both possession a set of variations on “Home, Sweet
by his musicianly equipment of experience and
Home, » which I wrote down some years later as
instinct, and by his skill in the art of effective
a souvenir of those days. I did not have printed
programmes.'
literary presentation. The book was projected
long before the lamented death of Mr. Thomas,
Returning to New York the next year, Theo-
,
and was thus well in hand at the time when he
dore found a new German theatre established,
so unexpectedly laid down his baton forever,
and was engaged as leading violinist. “Here I
which fact accounts for its appearance with
received my first intellectual impetus, by becom-
such fortunate promptness.
ing acquainted with the plays of the great Ger-
The interest of this book naturally centres
man poets. He also remarks, incidentally,
in the hundred pages or so of the Autobiog-
that “better music was played in the theatres
raphy. These chapters constitute a very matter-
then than at the present time.' The modern
of-fact statement, bare of all ornament, and
play-goer, if he have not the facts necessary for
devoid of the slightest literary pretence, yet comparison, is at any rate prepared to admit
that no music could be worse than what he
highly important by virtue of their subject-
matter. His life-history begins as follows:
now hears in such places of amusement. The
'According to the records of the church in
great singers who came to America in the early
Esens, East Friesland, by the North Sea, I
fifties did much to form the musician's taste
was born on the 11th of October. 1835. At this during those impressionable years. But the
,
place my father was Stadtpfeifer. Here we
problem of actual living remained a difficult
have corrected the statement made in many of
one, as the following anecdote attests:
the recent obituary notices that Essen (of
'Once, when I was a boy, I remember, seeing no
Krupp celebrity) was the birthplace of Theo-
way of earning the money for my board, I took my
fiddle under my coat, went to the bar-room of a
dore Thomas. appears, indeed, that he was
hotel, and played, and soon had the money I needed,
born in Holland, and was saved from being a after which I left. Other well-known musicians
Dutchman only by his German parentage. Of
had to beat the big drum all day in street parades.
his boyish musical ventures, he says:
I was, fortunately, not driven to that.'
'I have been told that I played the violin in pub- In 1853, Thomas played first violin in the
lic at the age of five. I have not, however, the orchestra of L. A. Jullien, described as “the
slightest remembrance of when I began to play.
musical charlatan of all ages, who then came
My earliest recollection is that my father played
the violin, so I played, and that I soon played the
to New York, bringing with him some excel-
music he did. The members of his band, or orches- lent performers. Karl Eckert, the leader of
tra, amused themselves by bringing music to me Mme. Sontag's orchestra, was his next master,
and trying to find something that I could not read and made him principal' of the second violins;
off at sight.'
besides exerting over him an influence which
It was in the summer of 1845 that the probably laid the foundation of my future
Thomas family emigrated to New York, hav- career.' A year later, he became concert-
ing a six weeks' passage on an American mer- meister under Arditi, whose troupe included
chant vessel. The father had a large family such singers as Lagrange and Mirate. Of the
to support, and Theodore contributed assistance
latter he says: 'I have always considered
by playing at theatres and dancing-schools. In
Mirate the greatest tenor I have heard, without
his thirteenth year he, together with his father, exception, in voice, compass, method, and musi-
enlisted in a navy band stationed at Ports- cianship. And yet, such is the evanescence of
mouth, Virginia. A year later, Theodore ob-
the singer's fame, his name is not now to be
tained his discharge, and started South on a found in any of the modern dictionaries of
concert tour of his own.
music!
'I do not remember taking anything with me It was under Eckert that Thomas first be-
but my fiddle, my little box of clothing, and some
posters which I had had printed, announcing a con-
came concerned with the work of orchestral
management. He was entrusted with the func-
* THEODORE THOMAS. A Musical Autobiography. Edited
by George P. Upton.
tion of making engagements with the men, and
cago: A. C. McClurg & Co.
says that ‘from that time on there was prob-
C
6
>
In two volumes.
Illustrated.
Chi-


228
[April 1,
THE DIAL
ably no good instrumentalist who did not spend is sufficient that I became so involved financially
his first years in America with the orchestra I
by this disaster, and the consequent interruption of
our tour, that it was many years before I recovered
formed. From the performance of this func-
from my losses, and the wearisome travelling had
tion to the organization of his own orchestra
to go on indefinitely.'
was a stage in the conductor's evolution that
Another unfortunate experience for Thomas
covered the next ten years. The chief episodes personally (although the public benefitted vast-
(
of those years, as far as Thomas was concerned,
were his connection with the Philharmonic with the American Opera Company (1886-8).
ly by it during two seasons). was his connection
.
Society of New York, his chamber concerts
"The conductorship was offered to me, and I ac.
given with William Mason, and his work as cepted it, for I believed in the idea, and I knew it
concertmeister' with Ullmann's opera com- would also give my orchestra a permanent engage-
pany. Meanwhile, he was making a thorough ment, and relieve me from the responsibility of
study of harmony and counterpoint.
paying salaries. My hopes, however, were doomed
to disappointment, for it soon became evident that
In commenting upon Thomas's long period there were peculiarities of management which
of orchestral leadership, which began in New neither art nor business could long endure. Finan.
York in 1864, and ended with the end of last
cially the case was soon hopeless, and the only
question left for me was how to get out of the
year in Chicago, just after the fourteenth sea-
toils in which I had been cunningly ensnared. The
son of the Chicago Orchestra was well under
management refused to allow the much-abused and
way, and the permanent home of the organi- at last fatally stricken organization to die a natural
zation had received its inspiring dedication, we
death or have decent burial, and so it came about
that toward the close it was either a disgrace or a
shall attempt little more than the singling out
calamity to every one connected with it. Even
of a few suggestive bits of the Autobiography, after it finally was dead and buried, its apparition
and of Mr. Upton's following chapters of haunted different cities all over the country for a
Reminiscence and Appreciation. We are not time. My official connection with it had been lim-
ited to that of musical director. I had no business
apt to think of Thomas as a joker, but the
interest in it whatever, but I was for years after-
following story from his early years pleasantly wards involved in lawsuits brought against me by
illustrates the more genial side of his nature: its victims.'
We also had many little extravaganzas, which These were dark days indeed, and Thomas
provoked much amusement. On one occasion, for in 1888 found himself seemingly no nearer to
instance, while playing the “Linnet Polka," I re.
quested the piccolo players to climb up into the
the permanent organization of which he so long
trees before the piece began. When they com-
had dreamed than he had been many years
menced playing from their exalted position in the earlier. He even had to disband his orchestra,
branches, it made a sensation. I remember another
and become an itinerant conductor of impro-
funny incident which happened about this time. In
vised bands. This was the time when New
the “Carnival of Venice" the tuba player had been
sent, not up the trees, but back of the audience into York made the great refusal,' and missed the
the shrubbery. When he began to play the police greatest musical opportunity in its history.
mistook him for a practical joker who was dis- But the clouds were even then ready to break,
turbing the music, and tried to arrest him! I shall
and Chicago was preparing to offer what New
never forget the comical scene, as the poor man
fled toward the stage, pursued by the irate police-
York had withheld. In 1890 the project of
man, and trying to get in a note here and there, as the Chicago Orchestra took shape, and the year
he ran.'
following witnessed the beginning of Thomas's
Possibly we may consider in the light of a thirteen years of continuous leadership in this
joke having Thomas for its victim his account city. How a body of public-spirited citizens
of a visit from Barnum sometime during the
met the deficits of these concerts for thirteen
seventies, when he was invited to tour the years, and gave their unquestioning support to
country, “beside the fat woman and the ele- the highest ideal of musical art as represented
phant, as an adjunct to the greatest show on by him, undisturbed by the popular clamor for
earth.'
« This was
a high tribute,' he adds, cheapened music and lowered standards, is a
'but what had I done to deserve it?'
matter of history so recent that it does not
The Great Fire in Chicago played an impor- call for setting-forth in detail. The most recent
tant part in Thomas's fortunes, for he had been history of all is that of the campaign for a per-
booked to open the season of the Crosby Opera
manent home for the orchestra, a campaign
House on the evening of the very day when the successfully prosecuted, whereof the visible
city — opera house and all was laid in ashes. signs are the beautiful hall which since last
He reached the city while it was burning, and December has opened its doors weekly to thou-
at once went through to St. Louis, the scene
sands of delighted music lovers, and in which
of his next engagement. He says:
the concerts now continue, and will continue
'Providence evidently wished to discipline me a
indefinitely, uninterrupted even by the death
little more.
I was still too young, too presuming,
of their organizer, save for the one occasion
and had too much vitality. But let that pass. It when respect for his memory and grief for
6
6


1905.]
229
THE DIAL
the
>
his loss closed the doors for a few days. The well enough?' In a Michigan town, there was
last words of the Autobiography are these : a municipal hold-up in the shape of an official
"We are now in the fourteenth season of the intimation that the licence of the orchestra
Chicago Orchestra. Its permanency is secure, its troupe would be revoked unless free tickets were
home is built, and the object for which I have sent to all the members of the common coun-
worked all my life is accomplished. The old saying,
“Better late than never,” comes to mind as I see
cil. This concert was to be given in the court
in my seventieth year the realization of the dreams house, and
house, and when the city fathers arrived,
of my youth. But I trust I may still live long armed with their free tickets, they were escorted
enough to show my gratitude to the men and women to the jury box and the prisoner's pen, to the
who have made this possible, and to leave behind
me a young and vigorous institution to crown the
huge delight of the audience.
achievement with a long future.'
By way of more serious matter, Mr. Upton
Mr. Upton's work begins where that of reports such characteristic words of Thomas as
Thomas ends, and gives us, first of all, a few
the following:
Throughout my life my aim has been to make
pages on “ The Last Days of Theodore Thomas,
good music popular, and it now appears that I have
then a section of 'Reminiscence and Apprecia-only done the public justice in believing and acting
tion' extending to nearly one hundred and constantly on the belief that the people would
fifty pages.
There is some supplementary enjoy and support the best in art when continually
material furnished for the early period, but in
set before them in a clear, intelligent manner.'
the main Mr. Upton has confined himself to
The indomitable will which led him to
the
years since 1869, when Thomas first brought eventual success is finely illustrated in the
his orchestra to Chicago, and the critic first following words:
made his acquaintance. His first words to the 'I was hungry last night, but no fox gnawing at
writer (then and for many years thereafter
my side, as in the Spartan story, can make me aban-
musical critic of the Chicago Tribune') were
don the course of life I have laid out for myself.
I have gone without food longer than I should, I
charcteristic.
have walked when I could not afford to ride, I have
"I am
am glad to meet any friend of Mr. Dohn's, even played when my hands were cold, but I shall
and will be pleased to have you come and see me succeed, for I shall never give up my belief that
while I am here. You must not expect me to call at last the people will come to me, and my concerts
upon you, for I am too busy, and besides, I never will be crowded. I have undying faith in the latent
go into newspaper offices. I have no need to culti- musical appreciation of the American public.'
vate the critics, for I know my work. I do not
care to read what they write, and would not have
This tribute to Beethoven expresses in some
time if I did care.'
slight degree the feeling with which the great-
Such was the beginning of a warm friendship have lived for long years in communion with
est of all composers is regarded by those who
that was to last for thirty-five years. Speak-
his work:
ing of the work now published, which it took
much persuasion to induce Thomas to sanction,
“Take Beethoven's music, it is something more
than mere pleasure; it is education, thought, emo-
he said: 'I will write my autobiography as tion, love, and hope. I do not doubt that when my
part of our work. It will be only a general orchestra plays one of his symphonies, every soul
sketch of my life, and you must fill in the de-
in the audience is stirred in a different way and by
tails, for which I have not time. In thus
a different suggestion. I care not from what sta-
tion in life come the thousands who sit back of me.
completing the record, Mr. Upton has given
Beethoven will touch each according to his needs,
us matter both light and serious, skilfully pre- and the very same cadence that may waft the
serving the balance in a well-proportioned nar-
thoughts of one to drowsy delight or oblivion may
rative. By way of diversion, we are given a
stir the heart of another to higher aspirations-
may give another hope in his despair, may bring to
number of amusing anecdotes. A New York
yet another a message of love.'
town was being canvassed for a prospective con-
cert, and the information vouchsafed by a lead-
Mr. Upton's eloquent final characterization of
ing citizen that the show wouldn't pay much Theodore Thomas must now be quoted.
unless Thomas had a good end man.' Somewhere
*Thus passed from our midst the great musician
in Utah it was gravely suggested that the
who had wrought so long, so devotedly, so courage.
ously for the things that make for the refinement
more wedding marches he had on his pro- of life and for the ennobling of the spirit, never
gramme the better. An Iowa critic thought once degrading the great gift which had been given
that the Boccherini Minuet was unfairly dealt
him, never yielding to a sordid consideration, nor
with by its performance pianissimo con sordini,
compromising his art with commercialism. His life
is an example for American youth of a great purpose
on the ground that 'such a pretty tune deserves
nobly striven for, nobly won, of work for civic and
to be played louder. In Keokuk, the amuse- individual righteousness, of patience in well-doing,
ment purveyor was surprised to be informed of honors modestly received, of success richly
earned. He has affected the lives of thousands of
that Thomas would not consent to play dance
men and women for good, by diverting their tastes
music after the concert was over and the flour
from the trivial and meretricious to nobler and
cleaned. “Why not? Can't they play dances purer things, for great music is a moral influence


230
(April 1,
THE DIAL
o
whose extent can hardly be measured. Life and
a very pretty talent for expressing himself em-
music may be more intimately related than we
phatically when emphasis seemed called for.
know. Music helps to keep body and soul in health,
and no man's education can be called complete
His occasional habit of rebuking vulgar offend-
without it.'
ers against the rights of the music-lover is
In the appendix to the first volume of this surely one of the blessings -- even if a minor
a
work, Thomas speaks to us once more with his
one that we attach to his memory. And we
own mouth in the reprint of his weighty pages
bless him also for his insistence upon punctual-
on Musical Possibilities in America,' first
ity and the methods by which he enforced it,
published in ‘Scribner's Magazine' for March,
and for his determination not to mar the unity
1881. The chief value of this paper is in its
and balance of his programmes by concessions
condemnation of the 'movable do system' in
to the greedy inconsiderate persons who ask for
elementary instruction, and its plea for absolute
encores, and above all for the determination
pitch as the only possible basis of sound musi-
which forced upon
us, year after year,
cal teaching. The voice is of one crying in the
whether we liked it or not, the music that it
wilderness, but the logic is beyond the possi-
was good for us to hear. It was a long and
bility of dispute. A reprinted newspaper arti-
discouraging task, this education of the public
cle on ‘Music in Chicago’ is also of much inter- taste in music, but it was accomplished at last,
est. The volume closes with some thirty pages by a persistency of effort of which few men
of addresses, resolutions, and memorial tributes
would have been capable, and Thomas lived
from various sources.
long enough to know by experience that his
The second volume of Mr. Upton's work is
efforts toward this end had been really worth
made up chiefly of the programmes of fifty
while. This must have been even a greater
years, beginning with the Mason-Thomas cham- satisfaction to him than the permanent estab-
ber concerts, and ending with the concerts of lishment of his orchestra, which he also lived to
the Chicago Orchestra. As the selection had see.
WILLIAM MORTOX PAYNE.
to be made from nearly ten thousand pro-
grammes, many omissions were necessary, but
fourteen important groups are given complete,
and the others are typically represented. For THE CLOSE OF THE CIVIL WAR AND THE
this volume, Thomas wrote last summer a spe-
BEGINNING OF RECONSTRUCTION.*
cial introduction, extending to thirty-three
In the midst of a remarkable output of
pages, and dealing with the topics of pro-
American historical works, it still remains
gramme-making, encores, late-comers, the prac-
true that the appearance of a new volume of
tical effects of music, and the technique of the
Rhodes's History of the United States is one
modern orchestra. The value of these notes is
of the most important events in the field of
altogether out of proportion to their length, historical endeavor. Readers who have had
and we should like nothing better than to quote their expectations raised to a high pitch by a
extensively from them. We will content our-
perusal of his previous volumes will find no
selves with a single extract from the words
disappointment in the fifth, which deals with
addressed to the habitual late-comer.
the period of 1864-66.
'Can a greater injustice be perpetrated on others
After a few words of recapitulation, the
who perhaps have made considerable sacrifice to be
punctual, and have prepared themselves to enter opening pages are devoted to a description of
into the spirit of the music to be performed, than
Sherman's famous march and of Hood's oper- ,
suddenly and rudely to be aroused from a musical ations in Tennessee. This campaign, which
exaltation, in which they are oblivious of their
Sherman originated and to which he won the
surroundings, by persons who oblige them to rise
assent of his superiors only after much hesita-
and let them squeeze by to their seats, and who
perhaps even talk, after they are seated, about tion, must be classed as the most daring under-
something not at all in harmony with the music or taken by the Union forces during the entire
the occasion? Why, everybody understands that it
Sherman realized the great hazard, and
is not only rude to be late to a dinner party, but
that if he failed this march would be ad-
that the seating of the late-comer creates such a
disturbance of the atmosphere that it is difficult
judged the wild adventure of a crazy fool.'
to establish unity of feeling again for that evening. But his mind was made up, and it only re-
How much more fatal is it to the unity of a con- mained to provide for the contingencies that
cert.'
might arise from Hood's movements. The
As for the box-holders who indulge in noisy Federal forces must be so divided that the
conversation, words are incapable of doing jus- army which marched to the sea would be
tice to such offenders. 'I must be excused for strong enough to beat off Hood, and that
giving an opinion on this species of disturb-
* HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, FROM THE COMPRO-
ance, for my gift of emphatic language is not
By James Ford Rhodes, LL.D. Volume
adequate to the subject.' And vet Thomas had
New York: The Macmillan Co.
war.
MISE OF 1850.
V., 1864-1866.


1905.),
231
THE DIAL
more
.
the
houses have been set on fire
. Gen. Howard will
which remained behind with Thomas strong is that, “All things considered, the statistics
enough to crush him.“ November 12, 1864, his show no reason why the North should reproach
arrangements being complete, Sherman burned the South. If we add to one side of the
the bridges and cut the telegraph wires behind account the refusal to exchange the prisoners
him, and started on a mareh comparable only and the greater resources, and to the other the
to that of Julian when he 'plunged into the distress of the Confederacy, the balance struck
recesses of the Marcian or Black Forest.' For will not be far from even. Certain it is that
thirty-two days the authorities at Washington no deliberate intention existed either in
received no tidings of him beyond what came Richmond or in Washington to inflict suffer-
through the Richmond papers.
ings on captives more than inevitably ac-
The march of these 62,000 men was but companied their confinement.' The inhu-
little more than a holiday
a holiday picnic, for no manity is explained rather by the fact that
enemy seriously opposed them, and forage was
'From wars unnumbered evils flow,-
abundant. Ruin and desolation marked their The unexhausted source of every human woe.'
progress in a track thirty miles wide. In the
Two chapters give interesting accounts of
march through South Carolina, officers and
social conditions in the North and South dur-
men took special delight in inflicting woes
ing the war. This account has often been
upon the State that they regarded as chiefly given for the South, but we still get glimpses
responsible for the war. The march was a of things heretofore more or less in the dark.
punitive measure inflicted upon rebels to In both sections there were gayety and gloom,
bring them to terms of peace, Eighty-three hard times and extravagance, retrenchment
years before, a British general had marched
and speculation, generosity and meanness, re-
through a land of rebels for a similar purpose. ligious devotion and shameless immorality,
It will be interesting to compare their respec- loyalty and disloyalty, honesty and dishonesty.
tive policies.
In both sections the people suffered from the
SHERMAN'S MARCH.
CORNWALLIS'S MARCH. rigors of martial law; but in the South the
• The army will forage lib- 'Lord Cornwallis is high-
suspension of the privileges of the writ of
erally on the country dur- ly displeased that several
ing
march.' • Spare
habcas corpus lasted for only one year, five
nothing' of Howell Cobb's to-day during the march,- months, and two days, and all this time by act
house.
a disgrace to the army,-
Columbia, destroy and he will punish to the
of the Confederate Congress, while in the
the public buildings, rail- utmost severity any person North the suspension lasted one year, ten
road property
guilty of coinmit-
will spare libraries and asy- ting so disgraceful an out-
months, and twenty-one days by Executive
and private
assumption, and the rest of the time by act
ings.' The house and li-
A woman having been
of Congress. In a work of this scope one '
brary of William Gilmore robbed
Simms was burned. Pillage and as by description, by a might reasonably have expected a fuller treat-
was common, but a few of - soldier of the guards, the ment of the very important subject of military
fenders were punished.
camp and every man's kit is
arrests and the suppression of newspapers.
to be immediately searched
for the same.'
The execution of Wm. B. Mumford at New
It may be pertinently remarked
that one
Orleans is merely mentioned as the cause of
march succeeded and the other failed. Tac- Davis's proclamation of outlawry against But-
itus may also be quoted on that species of
ler, but the author fails to state that the exe-
war which ‘makes a desert and calls it peace.'
cution was on a charge of treason. If Mum-
It must have been reflections upon his famous ford was a citizen of the United States, the
march which gave to Sherman his no less
Constitution prescribed the method for his
famous description of war.
trial, which was not followed; if he was an
An entire chapter is devoted to that most alien enemy, he could not have been guilty of
delicate of all subjects, prisoners of war. The treason against the United States.
author's treatment is not colorless, yet only In the discussion of illicit trading with the
the most radical on either side can take excep- enemy and frauds on the government, General
tions to it. The records are incomplete, but Butler comes in for his due meed of blame for
from the best sources obtainable the author the questionable business transactions which
figures out that the mortality in Southern brought him considerable wealth. Perhaps the
prisons was 15.5 per cent., while that in General's reputation is black enough, but it
Northern prisons was a little more than 12 might have been made still blacker had the
per cent. When the different conditions of the author seen fit to go still more deeply into
two sections are considered, a greater differ- historical sources. If the suppressed report
ence might have been expected. Perhaps the of the committee appointed by the War De-
policy of reducing rations in retaliation was partment to investigate his conduct has not
adopted by the authorities at Washington on been destroyed, it certainly seems time for it
insufficient grounds. The author's conclusion to be exploited. The surprising thing is, 'that
occupy
but
lums
dwell-
rage.'
of a
watch


232
(April 1,
THE DIAL
stern old Puritan Massachusetts, after Butler's States and get their governments in successful
career at New Orleans and Norfolk, should operation, with order prevailing and the Union
have so highly honored this man whose repu- re-established, before Congress comes together
tion at the bar before the war broke out was in December.' The failure of this plan in
that of an unscrupulous practitioner. The the hands of his successor, the author attrib-
¡ shameless pillage and plunder engaged in by utes mainly to Johnson's lack of political
subordinates and common soldiers at New sense. Lincoln himself probably would have
Orleans, largely under the guise of sequestra- had a fight with Congress, but his command-
,
tion and confiscation, are hardly mentioned in ing personality would have won on the main
this narrative, though the newspapers of the points. The so-called 'harsh legislation of
day were full of specific references to them. the Southern States toward the negro, of which
As so much energy is now being expended Blaine, ignorant of the fact that some of it
on the history of Reconstruction, the contribu- was copied from the laws of Maine, made so
tion of Dr. Rhodes to that subject will be read much, is set forth in its proper light. The
with much interest. Under Lincoln's well-
further story of Reconstruction, to appear in
known ‘ten-per-cent.' plan, the people of Louis-
the next volume, will be awaited with much
iana inaugurated a State government early
interest.
in 1864. Lincoln wished to have Congress
This volume makes a distinct contribution
recognize this government; but it was never to the history of its period, in the subjects of
done, though two Congressmen from Louisiana society at the North, prisoners of war, and
had been admitted to seats a little more than perhaps on Sherman's march. The copious
a year before.
The author does not bring out citations in the foot-notes indicate a good use
the internal condition of Louisiana, the of source material. To the specialist, the
wretched divisions and bickerings of
of the work will appeal as authoritative until more
Unionists, and the fact that the government evidence is forthcoming. The author has per-
was the creature of the military power, which formed a distinet service in showing that a
would have justified Congress in refusing rec- non-partisan account of our great Civil War
ognition. However,
However, the puny child might need not be colorless.
David Y. THOMAS.
have developed a strong body by careful nurs-
ing. But this was not the reason why Con-
gress held back.
It was due rather, as the
author points out, to the obstinacy of Senator
A MONISTIC TRINITY.'*
Sumner, who, though a majority favored the
resolution, would not allow it to pass because
The veteran professor of Jena gave us to
understand that The Riddle of the Universe,
the new constitution of Louisiana had not
conferred the suffrage on the negro.
published in 1899, was his last book; but it
And
had such a wide circulation, and raised so
herein was foreshadowed that long series of
evils subsequently poured upon the wretched
many questions, that the author felt obliged to
South by Sumner and by Thaddeus Stevens.
prepare the work now under review, in order
to make clearer his views on biological ques-
In strong contrast with this was the mag- tions and their relation to the monistic philoso-
nanimous spirit of Lincoln, who, with malice phy. Being quite unable to answer the letters
'
toward none, with charity for all,' wished to
more than five thousand — addressed to him,
'bind up the nation's wounds.' He wished
or to acknowledge adequately the many docu-
the suffrage conferred upon the very intelli-
ments, flowers, and other gifts addressed to him
gent' colored people, but did not consider this
on his seventieth birthday, Professor Haeckel
an indispensable condition for readmission. gracefully begs his admirers to receive his new
The debate as to whether the States were in
book as an expression of his thanks, the best
or out of the Union he regarded as a senseless
gift in return he is able to make. Perhaps,
quibble. Nobody doubted that they were out
in recognition of the fact that this latest prod-
of their proper relation to the Union. He
uct shows no sign of diminishing vigor, we may
summed up the situation in Louisiana by a
still refuse to believe that Professor Haeckel has
homely illustration. Granting that the new
retired from the stage; and may be allowed to
government is only an egg, we shall sooner
remind him that another distinguished evolu-
have the fowl by hatching the egg than by tionist, Dr. A. R. Wallace, though some fifteen
smashing it.' At his last cabinet meeting, he
years his senior, is still active.
said: I think it providential that this great "The Wonders of Life’ is, of course, a little
rebellion is crushed just as Congress has ad-
handbook of monism; that is to say, monism
journed and there are none of the disturbing
If we
• THE WONDERS OF LIFE.
elements of that body to embarrass us.
A Popular Study of Bio-
logical Philosophy. Ву
New York:
are wise and discreet we shall reanimate the
Harper & Brothers.
6
6
6
>
6
Ernst Haeckel.


1905.]
233
THE DIAL
-
6
6
sense.
>
according to 'Professor Haeckel. It is postu- ance that even he himself is an automaton, - a
lated that throughout the whole universe, 'in mere result of blind preexisting causes, - leav-
every atom and every molecule,' are found three ing it, however, to our clerical friends to offer
fundamental attributes: matter, force, and sen-
,
the diabolical hypothesis !
sation. This is what Professor Haeckel him- It is not fair to say that Professor Haeckel
self calls ‘ a monistic trinity,' a trimonism not is unaware of this difficulty. He overcomes it,
less mysterious than that of the theologians. to his own satisfaction, by adding sensation to
The scientific philosophers of the nineteenth force and matter as a third universal attribute
century, Professor Haeckel and his contem- of being. There is the 'sensation of atoms,
poraries, did a great service in unifying and that is, the affinity of the elements in chemical
therefore simplifying human thought. At the
At the combinations. The sensation of protoplasm
'
beginning of the century, facts were being re-
is what is often spoken of as its “irritability.'
corded rapidly, and it might have been expected So passing upward through twelve defined
,
that science would at length become a vast stages, we reach the sensation of civilized man,
storehouse of miscellaneous information, quite producing the arts and sciences. This 'sensa-
beyond the power of man to utilize or compre-
tion' is one in the sense that force is one, and
hend. In biology, there was the unceasing dis- matter is one, and is indestructible in the same
covery of new species, some thousands of them
Thus it is not necessary to postulate
described by Professor Haeckel himself; and
that the human consciousness is the outcome
of course this outpouring of new material has of any metamorphosis of matter or force; on
continued to the present day, yearly increasing the contrary, this is denied, and it is said to
in volume. Yet, notwithstanding all this, sci- be merely the highest type of another universal
ence becomes continually more intelligible and attribute, 'sensation. We reach a sort of pan-
rational; the pattern of things is gradually theism rather than atheism.
made clear as hitherto missing parts are sup- It is likely to be claimed by materialistic
plied; and, in short, we are daily more assured monists, that this is giving away the whole
of the fundamental unity and harmony of the monistic position; that the monistic trinity'
universe. Thus, in a sense, all scientific men is a contradiction in terms, notwithstanding
are monists; all believe that their smallest con- Haeckel's arguments in its defense. It may be
tributions possess value for the very reason so, but that is merely a question of words, and
that they help toward an understanding of the it is much more interesting to investigate the
totality of things, so far as this may be grasped merits of the Haeckelian doctrine than to dis-
by the human mind.
pute about its label. It is not very easy to
In another sense, however, it may fairly be understand what is meant by an unconscious
maintained that all sane men dualists. sensation, though we are reminded of the pho-
The fundamental dualism is that of the I and tographer's use of the word ' sensitive' in con-
the not-I; our lives are made up of the actions nection with his plates, and of the chemist's
and reactions between these two. Regarding sensitive reaction. At all events, letting the
things objectively, and as a mere matter of term pass, it is not shown that consciousness
logic, it is possible to argue that our very con-
and sensation in the Haeckelian sense) are the
sciousness is but a part of the nature of things, same thing, even in the sense that light and
free will being no more inherent in human
heat are the same. It is rather assumed be-
beings than in gases or crystals. This is really
.
cause philosophy requires it; and if one can-
Professor Haeckel's position, and yet it is im- not so believe as a matter of faith, there is no
possible to read his very human work without resort to actual demonstration.
a keen sense of his personality as a consciously Accepting the monistic trinity,' it does not
free agent. There used to be at Maskelyne seem to me that it is necessary to reject the
and Cook's, in London, an automaton which immortality of the soul, or even a personal
played chess, and was able, it was said, to beat God. Professor Haeckel rejects these, but for
nearly all comers. The proprietors of the de- other reasons; practically, because they seem
vice declared that it was a mere mechanism, and to him totally unproved and unlikely. If
indeed inspection seemed to preclude the possi- 'sensation' is a universal attribute, and human
bility of someone being concealed within. consciousness is a phase of it, does it not seem
Nevertheless, it was the general opinion that reasonable to suppose that it reaches similarly
there was a free agent somewhere, and a clergy- high development in many places and ways in
man of my acquaintance, baffled in the attempt this vast universe ? That it should be otherwise,
to furnish a more ordinary explanation, really would seem as improbable as that elaborate
believed that the conjurors were in league with chemical compounds or combinations of forces
the devil. In much the same way, we must be should be restricted to one or a very few places.
permitted to discount Professor Haeckel's assur- This on the Haeckelian hypothesis, merely.
are
1


284
(April 1,
THE DIAL
6
>
The book is translated into good English, but to left, steadily advances, through easy grada-
there are various slips or misprints in names tions, to a position of eminence and distinc-
and technical terms, and the printing and pa- tion and the fruition of appropriate and de-
per are both very poor or rather, the printing served honors and emoluments. Henry Parry
is poor chiefly because of the paper.
Liddon's was exactly such a life of wisely
T. D. A. COCKERELL.
economized energy and honestly earned suc-
(ess. He chose his calling in mere childhood,
and thenceforward thought and action were
guided and applied with sole reference to the
Two ENGLISH CHURCHMEN.*
contemplated end. As an infant, it was his
That the late Canon Liddon, highest of
favorite diversion to play at preaching, envel-
High Churchmen, strictest of ritualists, and
oped in the ample folds of the Times' news-
so devoted a Puseyite as in some matters to
paper. Except swimming, he took little part
out-Pusey his chief, will be to very many
in boyhood's usual sports and games, but was
accepted by his schoolmates as their spiritual
readers no congenial subject for contemplation
and study, is of course at once to be taken for
mentor, and was recognized by them as one
granted by the reviewer of his Life and Let-
that dwelt apart in a world of purity and high
ideals which even their unredeemed natures
ters' as prepared for publication by his inti-
mate friend, the Rev. John Octavius Johnston.
knew how to respect. Sermon-writing was
one of his cherised amusements, and five of
Yet the steadiness of purpose, the firmness of
conviction, and the faithfulness to the truth
these discourses, composed at the age of four-
as he saw it, which Liddon displayed in a life
teen, are still extant in a copy-book which he
sent to his Aunt Louisa with the inscription,
of singular consistency and unfaltering obedi-
' My first attempts at sermons.' But we are
ence to the high call of duty, are such as to
awaken the interests of even a listless reader
relieved to learn that these early indications of
and to challenge the admiration of however
unmitigated priggishness were offset by sundry
violent a dissenter from the eminent theolo-
qualities of healthy boy-nature. He is remem-
gian's doctrinal teachings. Mr. Johnston, whose
bered for his courage in more than one youth-
ful combat. “I have seen him fight many a
pen has already been usefully employed in
completing Liddon's unfinished Life of
good fight and come out smiling, writes one of
Pusey,' and who as principal of Cuddesdon
his school-fellows. And a story is told of his
frank request in open school, Please, sir, may
Theological College, where Liddon served as
vice-principal for five years in early manhood,
I leave off learning Greek ? I am sure I shall
must have had excellent opportunity to gather
never understand it. Plays, too, as well as
material for this later and scarcely less diffi-
sermons he was fond of writing, though he
had never been inside a theatre; and one of
cult work, has presented a detailed and sym-
these juvenile pieces, Napoleon,' 'an his-
pathetic study of Liddon's life and character.
To us cis-Atlantic Anglo-Saxons, who are
torical drama rather than a tragedy,' exhibit-
ing 'vices to be avoided rather than virtues to
credited, not wholly unjustly, with more nerv-
be imitated,' he and some of his schoolmates
ous energy than enduring strength, with more
acted with success. The science of warfare,
strenuousness of
purpose than calm confi-
dence of reserve power, with a greater prone: esting to the little preacher, who eagerly dis-
strangely enough, was also exceedingly inter-
ness to misapply force than to use it just
cussed the details of Cæsar's Gallic campaigns
where and when it will prove most effective,
and Napoleon's battles. To Mr. Frederic Har-
there is something at once engaging and in-
structive in the well-ordered life and wisely rison, as quoted by Mr. Johnston, we are in-
directed activity—unhasting and unresting, don; and as his boyhood and youth present
,
debted for a pleasing portrait of the boy Lid-
duly observant of ancient conventions and en-
joying in turn their unfailing aid and sup-
more of general interest than the ecclesiastical
and doctrinal discussions and disputes of later
port -- of the well-born, well-endowed, uni-
life, an extended extract from Mr. Harrison's
versity-educated Englishman, who early chooses
reminiscences is here offered.
his life work and, looking neither to right nor
"I sat beside Liddon more than forty years ago in
LIFE AND LETTERS OF HENRY PARRY LIDDON, D.D., the Sixth Form at King's College School, for a year
D.C.L., LL.D., Canon of St. Paul's Cathedral, and some- or two. He was three years my senior, and the gulf
time Ireland Professor of Exegesis in the University of
that exists from fourteen to seventeen among school-
Oxford. By John Octavius Johnston, M.A.
Illustrated,
cluding chapter by the Lord Bishop of Oxford.
fellows is not easily passed. But I sat in form next
New York : Longmans, Green & Co.
to him, and as in the Sixth we did not change places,
LETTERS
STUBBS, Bishop of Oxford,
I was his daily companion. I was fond of all sorts
1825-1901. Edited by
6
6
With a con-
OF
WILLIAM
Holden Hutton,
of games; he of none. I read all sorts of books; he
Illustrated. New York: Imported by E. P. Dutton & Co. had even then his own fixed line of thought and of
William
B.D.


1905.]
235
THE DIAL
-
study. He was much my senior, and very old for Seven years later we find him most ungra-
his years, so there was no kind of school intimacy
between us. He always seemed to me an elder
ciously refusing to preach in Westminster Ab-
brother who wished the young ones were more seri.
bey because the invitation was extended to
ous. But, different though our interests and habits him by Dean Stanley, whose Broad-Church
were, I always found him friendly, gentle, and con- principles he disapproved; or, to put it more
siderate. What was Canon Liddon like as a boy of
seventeen? Well, so far as I can remember, he was
accurately, his refusal appears to have been
at seventeen just what he was at twenty-seven, or
due to the latitudinarianism both of Dean
thirty-seven, or forty-seven — sweet, grave, thought- Stanley and also of the men-Maurice, Jowett,
ful, complete.
To me, when I heard him and others — who were asked, at the same
preaching in St. Paul's, or heard him speak at
Oxford of more recent years, he was just the same
time with him, to occupy the Abbey pulpit.
earnest, zealous, affectionate, and entirely other-
This is the strain in which he justifies his
world nature that I remember him at seventeen.
declination:
The lines of his face may have deepened; the look "You say, my dear Mr. Dean, that we refuse to
may have become more anxious of late years; but preach in the same church with yourself. You will,
as a schoolboy I always thought he looked just what I trust, forgive me for saying that Churchmen have
he did as a priest. There was the same expression hoped — hoped and prayed, hoped against hope
of sweet, somewhat fatherly, somewhat melancholy that one from whom so much might be expected, as
interest. He would reprove, exhort, advise boys just yourself, would one day be with them. Even now
as a young priest does in his own congregation. We we do not acquiesce in the miserable conviction
expected it of him.
I do not think that he
that you have cast in your lot with men, like Colenso
ever joined in any game or even looked on at any and others, who are labouring to destroy and blot
game; I am sure that he never took part in the out the Faith of Jesus Christ from the hearts of the
rough-and-tumble horseplay common among boys; English people. We still believe that your gener-
and I am certain he never returned a blow or a prac- osity, rather than your judgment, links you even to
tical joke at his expense. Nor had he any occasion Mr. Maurice and Mr. Jowett. We are quite sure
to do so, for neither blows nor horseplay was ever your love of truth, your sense of moral beauty, and
practised upon Liddon. There was, I fancy, a kind in eminent degree your historical tastes and wide
of silent understanding that to treat Liddon rudely, sympathies, link you to us, who cherish the move-
even without intending it, would be unmanly, like ment of 1833-50, as to no other men in the English
striking a priest with his robes on.'
Church. You will, I trust, forgive the extreme
freedom with which I have answered a letter, to
A pleasing incident recorded in connection
which silence might have been the most respectful
with Liddon's life at Oxford is his saving the answer, if it had not been open to misunder-
life of his tutor at a summer reading party, standing.'
William Stubbs, the future professor of mod- This from a young man of thirty-four to the
ern history and Bishop of Oxford. This good Very Rev. Dean of Westminster! How little
fortune he owed to his prowess as a swim- he understood the other's wide sympathies '!
mer.
Many matters, such as the 'Lux Mundi'
To present in something like due propor- controversy, the ‘Bampton Lectures,' the re-
tion the varied qualities, admirable and not so grettable agitation
Jowett's alleged
admirable, of the man Liddon,- and not to heresy, Liddon's reply to Martineau’s ‘Seat of
dwell exclusively on his more amiable traits,- Authority in Religion,' his friendly relations
we must next touch on a few of those dis- with Gladstone on the one hand and Salisbury
tinctive characteristics that made him so well on the other, his refusal to consider the offer
known as one of the leading and most un- of a bishopric at the request of either, his dis-
compromising High Churchmen of his time. tinction as a pulpit orator, and his famous
Appointed, soon after his graduation from sermons at Oxford, at St. Paul's, and else-
Oxford, vice-principal of Bishop Wilberforce's where, might profitably be dwelt on by the
newly-established Cuddesdon Theological Col- reviewer, but must be dismissed with a bare
lege, he there displayed ritualizing tendencies mention and left to be enjoyed (or not) in
that soon got the school into hot water and their entirety by readers of the book. Turn-
ultimately necessitated his resignation. Here ing to the Bishop of Oxford's closing chap-
is a characteristic extract from his diary: ter, personal and eulogistic in character, we
"The Bishops of Glasgow and London have rep-
will extract a final passage which, picturing to
resented to him [Wilberforce] in the strongest us the mature man, will serve as companion
terms the necessity of making the chapel less
piece to Mr. Harrison's pen portrait of the
"gaudy.”. Accordingly (1) the Cross has been
removed; (2) the white and green Altar cloths are
youth. After speaking of the far richer and
forbidden; (3) the painted figures on the wall are nobler nature than betrayed itself in the
to be covered over; and (4) the celebrant is to numerous controversies that engaged his zeal,
stand at the end, not in front, of the Altar. This
the writer, referring to Liddon's more inti-
last change I feel to be the most important; it is
doctrinal. The Bishops wish to abolish the early
mate friends, continues :
Communions on Sundays, but these happily have “They remember him as one who, possessing in
been saved.'
extraordinary measure the gifts most perilous to
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236
[April 1,
THE DIAL
simplicity and modesty, and so wielding those gifts letter-writing could wholly disguise. Toil
that men of all sorts gathered round him in thou-
and learning, vast though they were in his
sanels and listened to him as to no other preacher,
yet remained unmarred by admiration and kept
case, need not, one is glad to see, quench the
quite out of his heart all the degrading thoughts of
inborn spirit of merriment. The brightness
what is called success; — remained apparently one and lightness of his fun, always under the
of the least self-conscious of men, ready to enter most perfect control (for no man possessed a
with undivided interest into anything that was of
more admirable reserve), were delightfully in
real interest to others; as simply grateful as a child
for the simplest kindness shown to him; never talk- contrast with the notion of his personality as
ing about himself, nor talking as men do who, when entertained by those who knew him only
they are silent, think much about themselves; and
through his books. A few reminiscences of
making others somehow feel that it would not do
to talk to him as though they thought him remark-
him contributed by Mr. James Bryce help to
able or great. Something of that restraining influ.
give a true conception of his winning pres-
ence seems still to belong to the very thought and ence. That he was without vanity and that he
memory of him; it makes one hesitate (not in found learning its own sufficient reward, is
doubt, but in reverence) about venturing to give
him the deep praise of humility and simplicity; but
also made clear. His editor has gathered this
one can say that the constant tokens of a very hum-
volume of letters primarily because it was
ble, simple heart were there, through all his exercise felt that later times might well have cause
of splendid powers and all the tribute rendered him to complain if they should be able to learn as
by men.
It is hard to imagine any one
talking much better than he did. The voice, the
little about the life of the great English his-
look, the manner, the perfect flexibility of tone;
torian of the Nineteenth Century as we are
the phrases that summed up everything, the reti. able to know of Bishop Butler. It is to be
'
cence that suggested more than any phrase; the ges- hoped that, faithfully as Mr. Hutton has exe-
ture, or something less obtrusive than a gesture,
cuted his task,— and his interspersed matter is
which came in when any word would have been
clumsy; the delicate enunciation that was always
illuminative and indispensable to the best en-
precise and never prim, that lent itself alike to joyment of the letters, – that a fuller, more
earnestness and fun; - these were but the accessory formal biography of Bishop Stubbs may some
graces of a mind rich with knowledge of all sorts,
and swift to bring out the aptest thought, and of
day be written. Among the best letters must
an imagination so vivid that every detail stood at
be named the frequent missives, by no means
once before it, so discerning that it saw at once the always so dry and tough as our historian's
detail that meant most. Indeed, most minds, as Charters, to É. A. Freeman and J. R. Green.
they move in talking, appear to be rather lumbering
Of the desipere in loco Stubbs was a master,
things in comparison with what one can recall of
him.
at least in his correspondence. The following,
As an example of brilliant qualities of intel-
from a letter to Freeman, contains a delicious
lect and character, of sound scholarship and,
hit at that historian's pedantic insistence on
his convictions being what they were, of clear
the use of Anglo-Saxon forms:
thinking, of high endeavor and exalted ideals,
'A horrid thought has just penetrated to what
of lofty moral courage and untiring energy, of
my friends are pleased to call my brain — that I
have had two missives from you, and have answered
quickening spiritual power and winning per- neither. I am, in fact, rather languid after the
sonality, Liddon commands our cordial admi- production of my book. However, neither I nor
ration; and to his faithful historian
Boase either, know or believe anything about
Thierry's speech of Henry I., and about the veto I
thanks are due for a worthy addition to the
know nothing, and Boase only knows that it was
literature of biography.
the result of some diplomatic juggling in the time
By a curious coincidence, there appears,
of Hlodowigh XIV.'
simultaneously with Liddon's life, the life, as
Referring on his first page to the 'great
told in his letters, of the man whom Liddon
school' that arose in the middle of the nine-
had the good fortune to rescue from an un-
teenth century, which embodied and expressed
timely death, as already related. The two
the enthusiasm of the time for an ordered
books serve in some degree to supplement each study of the past, the editor declares that of
other. The picture we paint of a writer from
the workers in that school the greatest was
reading his published works is more often than
William Stubbs. What rank then, some will
'
not widely at variance with the reality. It ask, shall we assign to his great contemporary
will cause some surprise to learn from Bishop
(and senior by two years) and successor in
Stubbs's letters, as edited and supplemented
the chair of modern history at Oxford ? But
with explanatory matter by Mr. William the quality of a biographer's panegyric is not,
Holden Hutton, that the learned historian of and should not be, strained. Both reader
the English Constitution had a rare gift of and writer delight to dwell in fond remem-
humor, a keen wit, a geniality, sweetness, and
brance on the prowess of a deceased hero.
charm, that not even the formalities of correct
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
our
6


1905.]
237
THE DIAL
6
Miss Chapin's work is both statistical and nar-
RECENT BOOKS ABOUT MUSIC.*
rative, and her well-written story of the origin
Some years ago, at the end of a long and ani- of song will be read with interest.
mated discussion with that profound and some-
It has been said of Dr. Daniel Gregory
times illogical thinker, John Ruskin, when
Mason that he often expresses what one has
asked for a definition of art, W. J. Stillman
felt, but never quite formulated.' His first
replied: "The harmonic expression of human
work, ‘From Grieg to Brahms,' was commended
emotion.' Elaborating on this definition, he
for its succinctness, clearness, and gracefulness
afterwards pointed out that science — knowl- of expression. His latest work, ‘ Beethoven and
edge — is common to all men, and invariable; it
his Forerunners,' displays that firm grasp of
is in the emotional nature that men differ; the
the subject which makes it interesting as well
character of the emotion is that of the indi-
as valuable reading for the student. It opens
vidual, and it is this which gives tone and char-
with a chapter on The Periods of Musical His-
acter to the art, which determines the artist,
tory,' touches upon ‘Palestrina and the Music
and imposes itself on all the judgments and
of Mysticism' and 'The Principles of Pure
criticisms of his art as the element that gives
Music, followed by biographical and critical
precedence. Art is therefore, in the last reduc-
studies of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven. In
tion, the proclamation of individuality; and
conclusion he says:
the stamp of the art is that of the individuality, ‘As we glance over the life of Beethoven, and
nature furnishing merely the pabulum. In her
over that larger life of the art of music in the
book entitled Makers of Song,' Miss Anna
classical period of which it was the final stage, we
cannot but be profoundly impressed by the unity
Alice Chapin has endeavored to indicate the and continuity of the whole evolution. From its
men who have in the most marked degree influ- first slight and tentative beginnings in the experi-
enced the development of song. She points out
ments of the Florentine reformers, secular music-
the art of expressing through the medium of tones
that the development of music, and especially of the full, free, and harmonious emotional life of
lyric music, has been a matter of such subtle modern idealism — gradually acquired, through the
and slow gradation that the task of particular-
labors of the seventeenth century composers, defin-
iteness of aim and technical resources. Then in
izing and enumerating and selecting the domi-
the work of Haydn and Mozart it reached the
nant factors in the progress has presented many stage of maturity, of self-consciousness; it became
difficulties; but if the sign-posts pointed out flexible, various, many-sided, adequate to the
should lead some student into a more compre-
demands made upon it; it emerged from childhood
hensive understanding of the history of song
and took its honored place in the circle of inde-
pendent and recognized arts. Finally, it
than it has been the author's privilege to brought by Beethoven to its ripe perfection, its
achieve, the aim of the book will have been full flowering. It was made to say all that, within
fulfilled. Beginning with the twelfth century, its native limitations, it was capable of saying. It
the days of Bernart de Ventadorn, of Regnault
reached the fulness of life beyond which it could
live only by breaking itself up into new types, as
de Coucy, of John of Fornsete — who gave the the old plant scatters forth seeds. And even then,
world the earliest piece of harmonic music, these new types were dimly divined, and suggested
Sumer is icumen in,'— through the days of
to his successors by Beethoven. Was it not his
the Minnesinger of Germany, with the Casta-
effort to express, in absolute music, the most various
shades of personal, highly specialized feeling, vig.
nets, she passes on to the years of Pierre Gued-
orous, sentimental, mystical, or elfishly wayward,
ron, teacher of kings and master of the seven- that inspired the romantic composers, Schubert,
teenth century chanson and romance in France,
Schumann, Chopin, and their fellows, to pursue
and of Stradella and Purcell. In regard to
even further the same quest? Was it not his
feeling out toward novel dramatic effects in the
such departures as the inclusion of such men combined chorus and orchestra, in the Ninth Sym-
as Lully, Stradella, and John of Fornsete, the phony, that showed Wagner the path he must take?'
author feels that she will require no justifica-
There is a chord of sincerity in all that Dr.
tion beyond a careful study of the works of
Mason writes; and while he is never pedantic,
these composers and of the lyrical productions
his work shows remarkable insight into the
immediately following their periods of activity. origin and development of musical works.
By Anna Alice Chapin. New Mr. W. J. Henderson's work entitled 'Mod-
York: Dodd, Mead & Co.
ern Musical Drift' is divided into six parts,
BEETHOVEN AND HIS FORERUNNERS. By Daniel Gregory
Mason. With portraits. New York: The Macmillan Co. namely, “ Parsifalia,' ‘Der Ring des Nibelun-
MODERN MUSICAL DRIFT. By W. J. Henderson. New gen,' 'Isolde's Serving Woman, Richard
York : Longmans, Green, & Co.
Strauss,' 'Aux Italiens,' and 'The Oratorio of
PHASES OF MODERN
By Lawrence Gilman.
New York: Harper & Brothers.
Today.' A number of these chapters have been
A HANDBOOK TO CHOPIN'S WORKS. By G. C. Ashton previously published in contemporary period-
Jonson. New York : Doubleday, Page & Co.
icals and papers. Keen in diagnosis and crit-
STORIES OF POPULAR OPERAS. By H. A. Guerber. Illus-
trated. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co.
ical in analysis, and free from personal preju-
was
• MAKERS
OF
SONG.
6
>
MUSIC.


238
(April 1,
THE DIAL
never
6
dice, Mr. Henderson never hesitates to call a adds a few pertinent words to the fast accumu-
spade a spade; and while one cannot always lating bibliography on the ‘Parsifal' contro-
agree with him, he cannot but admire the
versy.
trenchant way in which the critic gives expres-
"It is undeniable that in “Parsifal'' Wagner has
sion to his views and opinions.
not written with the torrential energy, the superbly
prodigal invention, which went to the creation of
'So weave your fancies; I'll weave mine;
his earlier works; he is not here, unquestionably,
And let them wander, dark or bright,
The Lords of Art have graven fine;
so compelling and forceful, so overwhelming in
Perchance we both discern aright.'
vitality and climacteric power, as in the exuberant
masterpieces of his artistic prime. But
Speaking of the oratorio of today, Mr. Hender-
before, on the other hand, had this master of
son points out that Sir Edward Elgar's style illusion shaped such haunting and subtle symbols
belongs entirely to the present; that his poly- of suffering and lamentation, of sadness and terror,
phony is built on a harmonic basis which almost
of pity and aspiration.'
completely ignores the ecclesiastic tonalities of A unique handbook to the music of Chopin
the earlier church writers, and utilizes the has been compiled by Mr. G. C. Ashton Jon-
diatonic and chromatic scheme of the present, son. It is a sort of a “musical Baedeker,' made
the method of Wagner's Tristan und Isolde.' particularly useful through modern conditions.
And while he is credited with oratorio quite as Three years ago,' says the author, “this book
dramatic as Tinel's, but saved from mere the- could only have met with a very limited de-
atricalism by the artistic discretion of the com-
mand, owing to the fact that the number of
poser, the thing itself is considered anomalous, amateurs possessed of sufficient technique to play
because the narrator becomes an imperative Chopin's music (for the most part extremely
necessity and oratorio now demands scenic rep-
difficult) is very small. But today, owing to
resentation and that is forbidden.
the invention of the pianola and the fact that
"The oratorio of today tends steadily toward the
all Chopin's works, including even the least im-
completion of a cycle. It started from the primi. portant of the posthumous compositions, are
tive religious play of Cavaliere, and through the now available for that instrument, the whole
development of the method of choral composition domain of his music is for the first time open
reached a point at which all conception of action
disappeared. From that point it has been slowly
to all.' It has been the author's aim to make
and surely moving around to the restoration of his book equally useful and helpful to concert-
the dramatic element, till now it stands once more goers, for whom it forms a permanent analytical
at the very threshold of the theatre. In its present
programme, to pianists, and to those amateurs
form it is an absurdity. Even the singers find it
of music who can now, owing to the pianola,
almost impossible to sing the oratorios of the new
sort without putting at least facial expression into pursue for the first time a systematic and co-
their work, and every one of them looks solemnly ordinated study of Chopin's works. Comments
conscious of the foolishness of evening dress. from newspaper articles have been grouped un-
Mr. Elgar's interpretation makes Judas Iscariot
altogether too realistic for a white waistcoat, and
der the opus numbers of the works to which
his Mary Magdalen in a Princess gown with kid.
they refer. In addition, a brief account is given
gloved arms is a portrait which would make Henner of each composition, its relative place among
gasp and Ruskin stare.'
Chopin's works, and notes of any special points
In 'Phases of Modern Music, Mr. Lawrence of interest attaching to it. À chronological
Gilman has written in a trenchant way of cer- table is included, and the compilation of the
tain phases of present-day music. The author approximate dates of the compositions enables
is endowed with grace of style, and he knows one to study the development of the composer's
how to bring into relief the interesting features individuality. The volume opens with a brief
of unattractive subjects. Among the subjects sketch of Chopin's life, which is followed by
treated are Richard Strauss, who is adjudged short preliminary chapters on various aspects
' an artist of profound and just convictions, the of his work. A perusal of Mr. Jonson's book
most penetrant and sympathetic of humanists'; will increase the artistic pleasure to be ob-
Edward MacDowell, the composer, 'a romantic tained from the intelligent study of this master
of the finer order”; Edward Elgar, whose of his class for in Chopin the romantic school
'Dream of Gerontius' has been declared the found its highest expression.
finest musical work since Wagner, but which In similar vein to her · Stories of the Wag-
the present author declares owes its extreme ner Operas' and 'Stories of Famous Operas,'
and affecting eloquence to Wagner. Wagner, Miss H. A. Guerber has now given us a volume
Verdi, Mascagni, Loeffler, and Grieg are also of 'Stories of Popular Operas,' in which are
touched upon with discrimination, vividness, traced the stories of the librettos of William
and spirit. In the essay on' Woman and Mod- Tell,' 'L'Africaine,' 'Der Freischütz,' 'The
ern Music, Mr. Gilman answers in the nega- Magic Flute,' “Rigoletto,' 'Othello, Fra
tive the question, 'Has Woman ever done Diavolo,' 'L'Elisire D'Amore,' “Romeo and
'
greatly in creative music?' In conclusion, he Juliet,' 'I Pagliacci,' 'La Tosca,' and 'Le
a
6
6


1905.]
239
THE DIAL
statesman and
sources.
Prophète.' As explained by the author, the ton. Like him, he is suspicious of the East and of
object of these stories is to enable the reader to the South, has a low opinion of the opponents of
follow the motions of the singers, and, even if
Benton, believes still in the stories of the intrigues
unfamiliar with the language in which the
of politicians and statesmen for the purpose of
opera is given, to have a fair idea of the mean-
shaping the course of national policy. His own
appreciation of the Western spirit of expansion
ing of what is said and done. The author has
should at this late date make him understand that
studied her subjects with enthusiasm and fidel-
Texas and the far West were annexed, not because
ity, and with singular thoroughness.
of, but in spite of, the desire of pro-slavery
INGRAM A. PYLE. leaders, and that had it not been for slavery the
annexation would probably have come earlier. The
sketch here given of the evolution of the South-
west, then known as the West, is very satisfac-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
tory. The character of the settlers, the methods
of settlement, the land system, the pioneer life,
A great Western Mr. William N. Meigs's “Life of
the political and economic conditions of the set-
Thomas Hart Benton' (Lippin- tlements in the Mississippi valley,- all these are
expansionist. cott) is the first critical estimate well described. The author rightly emphasizes
of the great Westerner and his proper place in the fact that the Southwest was settled without
history. Benton's life is traced with painstaking the aid of the central government, that it suffered
detail, through the early years in North Carolina from the jealousy of the East and profited by the
and Tennessee to the fulness of his fame as Sen-
friendship of the South from whence most of its
ator from Missouri. There is an especially good settlers came. On the other hand, the Northwest
chapter on life in the West, which furnishes a was won for the Union by the South and South-
background for a study of the leader who was
west, and was settled under the protection of the
above all an exponent of the Western spirit and United States army, principally by people from
therefore of nationalism; for the West alone was the East, from the jealousy of which it suffered
not sectional but national. The political career but little. The author has consulted most of the
of Benton is treated topically; thus we have set available authorities on Benton, and has gath-
forth his opinions and activities on the Salt Tax, ered much material from hitherto unknown
the Land Laws, the Tariff, Expansion, Slavery,
The work is the best life of Benton yet
the Bank, Oregon and Texas, the Compromise of produced.
1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska agitation. Of the
personal and intimate side of his character, little New studies The strongest sentiments of Pe-
is told, and what is told is not of a nature to of Petrarch trarch's heart, and the varied pas-
increase one's admiration for the man. Possi-
and Laura.
sions and impulses of his mind
bly Mr. Meigs, who is an admirer of Benton, did and soul while under the spell of Laura's influ-
not see that the effect of his treatment of his ence, have been revealed in the spirit of scien-
hero's character is to make the latter appear tific research rather than that of poetic interpre-
vain, egotistical, intolerant, prejudiced, and often tation in "The Secret of Petrarch,' by Mr.
vulgar. All these Benton certainly was in some Edmund James Mills (Dutton). The volume is
degree; but the impression gained from the pages the work of a literary scholar of analytic type
of Mr. Meigs is probably somewhat unfair to the who has turned his lenses upon certain disputed
subject. The author does show us, however, that points in the lives of the lovers, and has brought
in broad-minded patriotism the Senator from forward varied proofs to attest his own theories
Missouri was the superior of most of his con- regarding Laura's birthplace, marriage, last ill-
temporaries. Ambition never led him to truckle ness, and other details. Beneath the scholar's
to the popular feeling of the hour, nor did the zeal is submerged, at times, that romantic and
unpopularity of a cause make him forsake it. His elusive atmosphere which should ever surround
life covered the whole expansion of the republic, this record of poetic love. The detailed diagnosis
and no man better understood the meaning of of Laura's disease, couched in terms of modern
that expansion or foresaw more clearly the dan- surgery, causes a shiver of revulsion. There are,
gers involved in the rapid growth of the country. however, compensating passages of charming ap-
He opposed anti-slavery agitation and the result- preciation and concise summary.
The prose
ing pro-slavery agitation. His homestead land- studies examine the vexed questions of Laura's
policy would have settled the question of slavery personality, her home and burial-place. Mr.
in the territories; his plan for tariff revision Mills contends that her birthplace and home were
would have eased what he considered the worst at Pieverde, hard by Caumont, and not at Avig-
injustice to the South. The author is wrong in non; this conclusion he attests by liberal, if not
describing Benton as Southern in his sympathies; excessive, citations. With equal assurance he tes-
he was a true exponent of the Western spirit, and tifies that Laura was no high-born matron of the
failed to understand the position of the South as De Sade family, but a lowly country-maid, 'a
completely as he did that of the East. He white rose born in harsh briars.' The metrical
thought continentally,' and believed that all who portion which follows these studies is compiled
thought differently were wrong, dishonorable, in- from varied parts of Petrarch's verse, using, in
triguing, and traitorous. In few, if any, points the main, the texts of Scartazzini, Carducci, and
does the biographer differ from the views of Ben- Ferrari, with a few new renderings as in ‘Love's
>


240
[April 1,
THE DIAL
7
6
>
>
in Kansas.
Obsession,' 'Love's Missioner,' and 'Of Laura's spread thin by both author and printer, and
Eyes.' Nearly all the passages are chosen to although the glimpses we get of John Brown are
support the claims advanced in the author's prose few and fleeting, the publishers are still within
studies. Some of the lines thus used seem the truth in announcing that 'the book has the
strained in purpose; and, in spite of the accu- interest of a romance,' and that 'the young will
mulation of references and quotations, the reader read it as if it were especially "a story for
can hardly accept all the author's conclusions. boys," and the old will find in it matters to revive
After all has been said pro and con, it is not their enthusiasm.'
Laura's birthplace or her daily tasks, not her
fatal illness or the location of her tomb, that
The addresses and letters deliv-
Hawthorne
vitally interest us of to-day: it is her perennial redivivus.
ered and read at the Hawthorne
charm and noble womanhood, so often portrayed
commemoration of July 4 to 7
by her poet-lover.
at Concord last summer have been published by
Good, too, she was,
Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. under the title,
And never trivial; showing in that sense
of heaven and holiness which sits so well
"The Hawthorne Centenary Celebration.' Colonel
On any woman. Yet she had sportive ways,
Higginson, who presided the first day, has edited
And was most keen of mind; her intellect
the volume, and besides a frontispiece portrait of
Matched well her heart. White, slender hands she had, Hawthorne the book has six views in and about
And dainty little figure, and fair feet,
And grand magnificence of golden hair.'
the Wayside, at Concord. Among these excellent
The volume is illustrated with a few photograv-
presentations of various phases of the great
romancer's genius and personality, perhaps the
ures of rare excellence, depicting shrines at Pie-
freshest and most suggestive is Mr. Charles Fran-
verde, Sorga, and elsewhere, visited by the author
cis Adams's discussion of 'Hawthorne's Place in
in 1901.
Literature,' – fresh and suggestive because the
'It must be conceded,' as Colonel speaker is a man of action even more than a man
John Brown
Higginson has well said, 'that of letters. Yet he says dozens of things that
John Brown was the most eloquent
excite protest and contradiction. He calls Thack-
of all our great Abolitionists, for his was the elo- eray's style labored – Thackeray who prided
quence of a life.' Something of this eloquence of himself on writing the fluent, unstudied, some-
action belongs also to those who took part with times even careless English of a gentleman; and
him in the stirring events attending the settle- of Thackeray's characters these are the seven Mr.
ment of Kansas; and one of these participants Adams selects as typical and likely to survive,-
was Dr. J. W. Winkley, whose little book, "John ‘Becky Sharp, Major Pendennis, and Morgan,
Brown the Hero' (James H. West Co.) gives masterpieces all, with Colonel Newcome, Captain
some highly interesting personal reminiscences Costigan, Barry Lyndon, and Esmond, in the sec-
of those days and of the man whose name they
ond rank.' Will one reader out of a hundred read-
must always recall. In approaching a book of ily recall Major Pendennis's valet, and will one
this character, a record of heroic deeds and of no out of a thousand place him before Colonel New-
less heroic sufferings, the reviewer feels himself come and Barry Lyndon as masterpieces of char-
disarmed of criticism except as to mere matters acter-creation? Of familiar types to be found in
of historic accuracy; and in this instance the American imaginative literature, Mr. Adams finds
writer deals with only a few and in themselves but three,– Rip Van Winkle, Topsy, and Colonel
insignificant occurrences, hitherto unchronicled in Starbottle; though on the last day of the celebra-
any detail, and known now only to himself and a tion he adds a fourth, Evangeline. While the
very few besides. Mr. Sanborn has given in his army is receiving honors, has not Colonel Sellers
life of John Brown a succinct account of the chief a right to feel aggrieved at being neglected ? In
event related, and he says of it, in an introduc- his treatment of Hawthorne's works, Mr. Adams
tion that he furnishes to Dr. Winkley's narra- amazes us by naming 'Our Old Home' as 'that
tive,- ‘But it required a fuller statement; espe- one of his productions which the world would
cially since it seems largely to have escaped the least willingly let die.' To the prevalent mania
notice of the chroniclers of that disturbed and for complete editions, editions that suffer no 'pot-
confused period of 1856. The partisan move- boiling rag' to escape, he administers a merited
ment here described came in between two of rebuke. Of the more studied essays in the vol-
Brown's famous fights,– that of Black Jack, in ume, Mr. Copeland's, Mr. Conway's, and Mr.
early June, when he captured the Virginian cap- Frank Preston Stearns's deserve especial notice.
tain, Pate, and that in the end of August, when Mr. Sanborn's account of “The Friendships of
he repelled the formidable attack of the Mis- Hawthorne' is excellent, but perhaps unduly long
sourians upon the small settlement of Osawato- from the inclusion of some not indispensable
mie.' Not the least interesting part of the book details. The book is a worthy memorial of an
is the account of the boy Winkley's adventures in important event in our literary annals.
his repeated trips to Kansas City, usually alone,
to get supplies for the small settlement where he
Old Egypt
The best results of modern Orien-
and an elder brother lived. By his occult power seen through tal scholarship being set
of 'localization' he drove his ox-team unerringly
expert eyes. directly before the eyes of the
across the trackless prairie, meeting with sundry reading public, by men who can both read the lan-
exciting adventures on the way. Although the guages of the ancient Orient and put what they
matter of the book is slender in amount, and read in attractive language. Messrs. Percy E.
a
are


1905.]
241
THE DIAL
The charm
Newberry and John Garstang, who have done accompaniment. Sea-yarns and more weighty
such commendable work on Egyptian soil and in historical items mingle pleasantly in Mr. Trow's
the publication of their 'finds,' have jointly pages, which are heartily commended to all who
written "A Short History of Ancient Egypt' like to read about those that go down to the sea
(Dana Estes & Co.). It is a modest little work in ships.
of 200 pages, but is full of the ripest fruit of the
labors of its industrious authors in their explora-
There was no Frenchman of let-
tion and decipherment of the Egyptian monu-
of Renan
ters in the last half of the nine-
in his letters.
ments. It gives a bird's-eye view of the monarchy,
teenth century who had a more
from its founding down to its disintegration ał | interesting personality than Ernest Renan. His
least 3,000 years afterward. The style of the
tangential relation to Christianity, as it blossomed
work is such as to carry the reader along at a
out in the French Catholic church; his interest in
rapid pace, and to give him merely sketch-lines of religion in general, and in the life of Jesus in
the great figures that loom up in each period or
particular; his strong utterances on the political
dynasty through that long stretch of time. The and social issues of his day,– all these elements
archaic or first period is naturally most full, for
of his mind made him an unusually entertaining
it is in just that period that some of the most
talker and writer. His most intimate friend in
startling discoveries have been made within the
Paris was the famous chemist Berthelot. These
last decade. This formerly pre-historic and two men so thoroughly agreed and sympathized
mythical period now steps up and takes its place that they readily confided to each other their
in the regular and undisputed line of historical thoughts on many of the great issues of their day.
facts, and thus wipes out with one stroke the
Some of Renan's best letters to Berthelot have
former incredulous statements regarding it. We
been gathered up and published in translation
are sorry to see that no new light of any conse- under the title, ‘Letters from the Holy Land'
quence is found on the little known Hyksos (Doubleday, Page & Co.). They were written
period, and that its centuries of silence must still from more than a score of places outside the Holy
remain mute. In the appended Chronological | Land, - Venice, Tripoli, Athens, Paris, Alexan-
Table' a safe method is adopted in putting the dria, and many smaller places. The essential
*Founding of the Monarchy' before 3000 B. C.' thing, however, is that they are Renan's, and
In fact, no dates are stated specifically until the show what his attitude was toward the national,
reign of Thotmes III., 1515-1460 B. C. The long religious, and intellectual agitations of his times,
reign of Rameses II. is set at 1325-1258. After stretching as they do over a period of forty-five
this, the next specific date is made at 930, when years, from 1847 to July 20, 1892, the last letter
“Shishank captures Jerusalem.' Such a book as written by his own hand. They breathe the spirit
this, carefully read, will lead the student to larger of one who has enlisted in the cause of liberty of
and more comprehensive works on this most fas- thought and action, with slight regard for tradi-
cinating of ancient lands and peoples.
tion, or for positions whose chief defense is that
they are hoary with age. The tenderness of
Memorials of
The extremes of credulity, super-
Renan's heart and the freedom of his mind are
a once famous stition, and narrowness, on
the two features that appear prominently in these
sea-port.
one hand, and broad-minded intel- charmingly written confidential letters.
ligence and liberality, on the other, were curi-
ously mingled in the historic old town of Salem, A convict's
Mankind is put upon sorrowful
Massachusetts. From the first set of qualities picture of inquiry regarding its inhumanity
prison life.
sprang the witchcraft delusion, with its harvest
by such a book as 'Life in Sing
of innocent lives sacrificed to the popular frenzy; Sing' (Bobbs-Merrill Co.), written by one who
to the second the cause of tolerance and enlight- preserves a partial anonymity by his nom de
enment in religion is indebted, Salem having plume of ‘Number 1500.' It is not a pleasant
early and in a most emphatic manner joined the book, or is its manner much pleasanter than its
New England movement for wider liberty in matter, since it makes evident the fact that the
matters theological. That these opposite ten- criminal of to-day is rather the man in 'hard
dencies developed themselves in one and the luck’ than one guilty of any extraordinary moral
same small community, seems strange at first, but turpitude as distinguished from the hundreds
is not inexplicable. The superstitious habit of that go upwhipped of justice. It sets forth, also,
mind of a sea-faring folk may serve largely to the complete uselessness to the community of the
explain the witchcraft atrocities, while the ex- lives led by those in New York's most notorious
tended acquaintance with the world gained by penitentiary, and the complete failure there to
the sea-captains and sailors of Salem in their induce the inmates to effect any reform in their
voyages to India and China and other stant indivdual points of view that would lead to the
lands, must have opened their eyes to the nar- betterment of the race. On the other hand, it
rowness of New England Puritanism. These points out the extraordinary value of the services
thoughts are suggested by reading Mr. Charles E. rendered by Mrs. Maud Ballington Booth through
Trow's 'Old Shipmasters of Salem' (Putnam), a the Volunteers’ Prisoners? League, which has
book containing much curious and interesting led more convicts into substantial accord with
matter, collected from log-books, shipmasters' respectability since its institution in 1896 than all
journals, local newspapers, and other obscure the penal institutions and so-called reformatories
sources, and served up with a generous pictorial of the country put together. It appears that the


242
[April 1,
THE DIAL
keeper of the prison as a rule is not the sort of
person one would select as a reforming agent, and
that little or nothing is done inside the prison
walls that could have a deterrent effect upon any
person fairly embarked on a criminal career.
There is no probing to the depths to account for
crime, for the writer is evidently a reporter rather
than a philosopher. The book contains a vocabu-
lary of prison slang, 'thieves' patter,' which has
a certain value and interest.
>
6
a
6
Stories of the
Mr. Frank T. Bullen's recent vol-
lives of some ume, ‘Denizens of the Deep,'
sea-creatures. (Revell), is not continuous
story, but 'a series of lives of some Denizens
of the Deep, based very largely on personal ob-
servation, buttressed by scientific facts, and
decorated by imagination.' The author has
wished to keep the work as unlike an orthodox
natural history as it was possible to make it,'-
as unlike, that is, in point of dulness and didac-
ticism; and he has succeeded. His vigorous love
of the sea is as patent here as in his previous
books, and his healthful insistence on the hap-
piness of the sea creatures is more convincing
than ever. Although he is careful to remind us
that we know very little of the depths of the
sea, he often writes as if he had himself visited
them. His stories of the various species of whale
are most ample in knowledge, since whales are
his specialty; but in telling of other denizens'
also,-and few land-lubbers would guess there
were as many as he describes,-his imagination
works with a vividness that amounts to per-
sonal identification. For justice, his chapter on
the shark is most noteworthy. "The Shark eats
man,' he says, 'not because he loves man to eat,
but because man when he falls overboard is usu-
ally easy to get. If the man be a good noisy
swimmer, no Shark will venture near, for they
are, though tormented with hunger, a most nerv-
ous and timid race, and, indeed, always seem to
me to lose a great many opportunities through
diffidence.' For pity, the chapter on the seal is
most memorable. “For my part, I shall never
forget Burn-Murdoch's cry of horror in his book,
"Edinburgh to the Antartic," where he speaks of
tne newly flayed Seal lifting itself redly to-
ward heaven in the glowing sunshine, as if ask-
ing its Maker why this thing should be.' For
romance, the
story of the Stormy Petrel is most
suggestive. The least satisfactory chapter is that
on Sea-serpents; but who that follows truth could
write satisfactorily of them ?
An anthology of the poetry of sports and pastimes
has been made by Mr. Wallace Rice, and will be
issued immediately by Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co.
under the title, The Athlete's Garland.
Still another edition (the fourth) of Miss Kath-
arine Hooker's ‘Wayfarers in Italy' makes its
appearance from the press of Messrs. Scribner's
Sons. The text and illustrations remain unchanged.
An interesting personal sketch of Sir Caspar Pur-
don Clarke, the recently-appointed director of the
Metropolitan Museum of Art, is contributed by Mr.
John Lane to the April issue of 'The International
Studio.'
*Author and Printer,' a guide for authors, print.
ers, editors, and proofreaders, has been compiled by
Mr. F. Howard Collins, and will be published imme-
diately by Mr. Henry Frowde for the Oxford Uni.
versity Press.
'Our First Century,' by Mr. George Cary Eggleston,
will be published shortly by Messrs. Barnes & Co.
as the first volume in their ‘Little History of Amer-
ican Life,' a copiously illustrated record of man.
ners and customs in the United States.
The John C. Winston Company, of Philadelphia,
which lately took over the publishing business of
Messrs. Henry T. Coates & Co., will bring out imme.
diately a new story by 'Max Adeler' (Mr. Charles
Heber Clark), called The Quakeress.'
The 'Little Giant Question Settler,' published by
Messrs. Laird & Lee, provides in convenient vest-
pocket form a surprising amount of practical and
evidently reliable information on a great variety of
subjects. The arrangement is alphabetical.
Mr. John Lane announces a new volume from the
Eragny Press, under the title ‘French and English
Ballads.' The book will be printed in red and
black throughout, with music type especially cut.
The editing is in the hands of Mr. Robert Steele.
The Harpers are bringing out a new revised edi.
tion of Mr. Thomas Wentworth Higginson's well.
known ‘History of the United States.' Colonel
Higginson has been at work on the revision for
some time, and has brought the narrative down to
the present year.
"The Bishop's Neice,' a story of Cape Breton life
by Mr. George H. Picard, is announced by Messrs.
Herbert B. Turner & Co. The same firm have also
in press "The Ethics of Imperialism,' by Mr. Albert
R. Carman, and 'Science and a Future Life,' by Dr.
James H. Hyslop.
The first book to bear the imprint of the new
publishing house of Messrs. Moffat, Yard & Co. will
be an account of the siege and capture of Port
Arthur, by Mr. Richard Barry, a young war corre-
spondent whose recent contributions to the period.
ical press have attracted much interest.
A beautiful photogravure of Whistler's 'At the
Piano' forms the frontispiece of “The Burlington
Magazine' for March. The picture accompanies an
account of the recent Whistler memorial exhibition,
written by Mr. Bernhard Sickert. An article on
the famous Ascoli Cope is contributed to the same
number by Miss May Morris, a daughter of William
Morris.
The 'Life, Letters, and Literary Remains of the
late John Henry Shorthouse, in two volumes, is
announced for spring publication by the Macmillan
Co. The memoir, written by Mrs. Shorthouse, con-
tains much of the author's correspondence with
well-known men of his day. The second volume
will include three short stories and other hitherto
unpublished writings by Shorthouse.
>
NOTES.
A most welcome announcement in the 'English
Men of Letters' series is that of a volume on
Edward FitzGerald, from the pen of Mr. A. C. Ben-
son.
A fourth edition, with some additional matter, of
Mr. George Cary Eggleston's ‘A Rebel's Recollec-
tions' is announced by Messrs. Putnam's Sons. This
book, first published in 1874, has become some-
thing of a classic in the South.


1905.]
243
THE DIAL
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
April, 1905.
My Appeal to America,' by M. Charles Wagner,
is a booklet containing the French pastor's first
address given to an American audience. It has an
introduction by the Rev. Lyman Abbott, and is
published by Messrs. McClure, Phillips & Co.
A new and somewhat cheapened edition of “The
American Revolution,' by Sir George Otto Tre-
velyan, has been published by Messrs. Longmans,
Green, & Co. The work is in three volumes, the
first of which has been considerably re-arranged
and re-written.
* The Trial of Jesus,' by Giovanni Rosadi, a work
that has attracted wide attention in Italy and Ger-
many, will be published this month by Messrs. Dodd,
Mead & Co. in Dr. Emil Reich's English transla-
tion. The author, a Florentine lawyer, condemns
the trial of Jesus by the standard of Roman law.
The editors of the Cambridge Modern History
now announce that after the issue of Volume XII.
the narrative will be supplemented by the publica-
tion of a volume of maps and a final volume con-
taining the genealogies and other auxiliary infor-
mation, with a general index to the entire work.
A timely addition to the ‘Old South Leaflets'
series has just been made in the account of Com-
modore Perry's landing in Japan, reprinted from
the official report published by order of Congress in
1856. It is peculiarly interesting at this time to
read of this first step in the opening of Japan to
general relations with the Western world.
The tasteful and inexpensive series of ‘Popular
Editions of Recent Fiction,' published by Messrs.
Little, Brown & Co., is augmented by four new
volumes, containing 'The Heroine of the Strait'
and 'Love Thrives in War,' by Mrs. Mary Catherine
Crowley, 'Barbara' by Mr. John H. Whitson, and
'A Girl of Virginia' by Mrs. Lucy M. Thruston.
Professor George H. Palmer's definitive three-
volume edition of George Herbert's works, an-
nounced for early publication by Messrs. Houghton,
Mifflin & Co., has been postponed until next autumn.
The same publishers also report that the one-volume
"Cambridge' edition of Byron's works, edited by
Mr. Paul E. More, will not be ready for publication
until September or October.
The Oxford Clarendon Press has published "The
Complete Poetical Works of Shelley,' edited by
Mr. Thomas Hutchinson. It is a volume of more
than a thousand pages, with a portrait, a preface,
many notes, and all of the poet's ascertained
poems and fragments of verse that have hitherto
appeared in print.' It is an immense satisfaction
to have this carefully-edited text complete in a
single volume.
Four new volumes, dealing respectively with
Paola Veronese, Burne-Jones, Van Dyck, and Watts,
have recently made their appearance in the admira-
ble ‘Newnes's Art Library,' published by Messrs.
Warne & Co. Each volume contains a brief sketch
of the artist by some critic of authority, a list of his
principal works, and some sixty reproductions in
half-tone of representative pictures, besides a fron-
tispiece in photogravure.
Owing to the lack of suitable editions, many
French plays of the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries are seldom read in American schools and
colleges. With the purpose of widening the range
of study in this field, Messrs. Ginn & Company are
planning to issue scholarly editions of a number of
the best plays of this period. The first of these pub-
lications will include Rotrou's 'Saint Genest' and
"Venceslas,' edited by Professor T. F. Crane of Cor-
nell University.
Africa's Appeal to Christendom. Century.
Alderman, Edwin A. W. P. Trent. Rev. of Reviews.
Andersen, Hans Christian, Centenary of. Rev. of Revs.
Arctic Seas, Fishing in. J. B. Connolly. Harper.
Associated Press, The. Melville E. Stone. Century.
Astor Fortune, The. B. J. Hendrick. McClure.
Austria-Hungary, Crisis in. M. Baumfeld. Rev. of Revs.
Beef Industry and Government Investigation. Rev. of Revs.
Bird-Hunting with Camera. H. K. Job. Rev. of Reus.
Boston, Remaking of. Rollin L. Hartt. World's Work.
Brook, The. Frank French. Harper.
Canadian Wilderness, The. F. E. Schoonover. Scribner.
Carnegie Libraries, Giving. I. F. Marcosson. World's Work.
Cervantes. George E. Woodberry. McClure.
College's Immediate Future. Arthur T. Hadley. Century.
District Attorney's Office, In the. Atlantic
Eternal Life, The. Hugo Münsterberg. Atlantic.
Europe, Paternalism in. F. A. Vanderlip. Scribner.
Florence, Holy Saturday in. Helen Zimmern. Century.
Floridan Bay-Window, A. Bradford Torrey. Atlantic.
Germany and Foreign Politics. Arnold White. No. Amer.
Gold Camp, A Western. Phillip V. Mighels. Harper.
Herculaneum's Gift to Archæology. C. Waldstein. Harper.
Impeachment, Law of. Hannis Taylor. No. American.
James, Henry. W. C. Brownell. Atlantic.
Kansas' Battle for its Oil Interests. Rev. of Revs.
Kitchener, Lord, The Call of. No. American.
Kits and Outfits. Richard Harding Davis. Scribner.
Letters of Mark. Thomas W. Higginson. Atlantic,
Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition. Rev. of Revs,
Library, The Mediæval. Ernest C. Richardson. Harper.
Loire, Chateaux of the. Richard Whiteing. Century.
Monroe Doctrine, The. Charles F. Dole. Atlantic.
Monroe Doctrine, The New. No. American.
New England in Autumn. Henry James. No. American.
New Jersey-a Traitor State. Lincoln Steffens. McClure.
N-Rays, The. Robert K. Duncan. Harper.
Nurses, American, in Japan. Anita McGee. Century.
Orient, War's Disclosure of. I. Iyenaga. World's Work.
Oyama. Adachi Kinnosuke. Rev. of Reviews.
Panama Canal Progress. Lindon Bates, Jr. World's Work.
Philippines, Public School System in. No. American.
Pilgrim, Landing of a. W. D. Howells. Harper.
Portland Exposition, The. Agnes C. Laut. Rev. of Revs.
Profit-Sharing. John Bates Clark.
Harper.
Railroad Question, The. F. G. Newlands. No. American.
Remarriage after Divorce. Bishop Doane. No. American,
Rome of Today. Mary K. Waddington. Scribner.
Russia, Coming Crash in. Karl Blind, NO. American.
Russia, The Turmoil in. A. Cahan. World's Work.
Russia, What Ails? Perceval Gibbon. McClure.
Schiller Centenary, The. W. von Schierbrand. No. Amer.
Science, A Wonder-Worker of. W. S. Harwood. Century.
Siberia, My Exile to. Isador Ladoff. Harper.
Thomasius, Christian. Andrew D. White. Atlantic.
Togo and Nogi, Grappling with. World's Work.
University of Virginia. Charles W. Kent. Rev. of Reis.
University of Virginia. Thomas Nelson Page. Scribner.
War, Cost of. Charles J. Bullock. Atlantic.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 63 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF R. S. HAWKER, Sometime Vicar
of Morwenstow. By his son-in-law, C. E. Byles. Illus.
in color, etc., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 689.
John Lane. $5. net.
HONORE DE BALZAC : His Life and Writings. By Mary
F. Sandars. Illus. in photogravure, etc., large 8vo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 377. Dodd, Mead & Co. $3. net.
A DIARY FROM DIXIE. As written by Mary Boykin
Chesnut, wife of James Chesnut, Jr., United States
Senator from South Carolina, 1859-1861. Edited by
Isabella D. Martin and Myrta Lockett Avary. Illus.,
8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 424. D. Appleton & Co.
$2.50 net.


241
(April 1,
THE DIAL
Pp. 297.
THE VICISSITUDES OF EVANGELINE. By Elinor Glyn. With
frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 291. Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
THE UNWRITTEN LAW. By Arthur Henry. 12mo, pp. 401.
A. S. Barnes & Co. $1.50.
THE BANDOLERO. By Paul Gwynne, 12mo, pp. 382. Dodd,
Mead & Co. $1.50.
HECLA SANDWITH. By Edward Uffington Valentine. 12mo,
Pp. 433.
Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50.
MY POOR RELATIONS. By Maarten Maartens. 12mo, PP.
375. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
THE GIRL OF LA GLORIA. By Clara Driscoll. Illus., 12mo,
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
THE LETTERS OF THEODORA, By Adelaide L. Rouse. 12mo,
gilt top, pp. 307. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
THE OPAL, With frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 174. Houghton,
Mifflin & Co, $1.25.
DOWN TO THE SEA. By Morgan Robertson. 12mo, pp.
312. Harper & Brothers. $1.25.
Ol'T OF BONDAGE, and Other Stories. By Rowland E
Robinson. 16mo, pp. 334. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
$1.25.
THE PROBATIONER, and Other Stories, By Herman Whit-
aker. 12mo, pp. 329. Harper & Brothers. $1.25.
THE HARVEST OF THE SEA: A Tale of Both Sides of the
Atlantic. By Wilfred T. Grenfell. Illus.,
12mo,
pp. 162.
F. H. Revell Co. $1. net.
POPULAR EDITIONS OF RECENT FICTION. New vols.: Love
Thrives in War, by Mary Catherine Crowley; A Girl
of Virginia, by Lucy M. Thruston; Barbara, a Woman
of the West, by John H. Whitson; The Heroine of the
Strait, by Mary Catherine Crowley. Each with frontis-
piece, 12mo. Little, Brown & Co. Per vol., 75 cts.
SOCIOLOGY. - POLITICS. — ECONOMICS.
THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE Poor LAW OF
CONNECTICUT. By Edward Warren Capen, Ph.D.
Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 520. . Columbia University
Studies.' Macmillan Co. Paper, $3. net.
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW IN THE UNITED STATES. By Emlin
McClain, LL.D. 8vo, pp. 438. American Citizen
Series.' Longmans, Green & Co. $2.net.
THE CIVIL SERVICE AND THE PATRONAGE. By Carl Russell
Fish, Ph.D. Large 8vo, pp. 280. Longmans, Green
& Co. $2. net.
REFERENCE.
A DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN AUTHORS. By Oscar Fay
Adams. Fifth edition, revised and enlarged. 8vo, gilt
top, pp. 587. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $3.50.
CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE OF THE CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF
PITTSBURGH. Parts 2, 3, and 4. Large 8vo. Pub-
lished by the Library. Paper,
LITTLE GIANT QUESTION SETTLER. By Prof. James A.
Beaton, M.A. 32mo, gilt edges, pp. 288. Laird &
Lee. Leather, 50 cts.
MUSIC AND ART.
A HANDBOOK OF CHOPIN'S WORKS. By G. C. Ashton
Jonson. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 200. Doubleday,
Page & Co. $1.40 net.
NEWNES' ART LIBRARY. New vols. : G. F. Watts, and
Van Dyck. Each illus. in photogravure, etc., large
8yo. Frederick Warne & Co. Per vol, $1.25.
FIRST PRINCIPLES OF PIANOFORTE PLAYING. By Tobias
Matthay Illus., 12mo, pp. 129. Longmans, Green
& Co. 75 cts. net.
PP. 408.
MISCELLANEOUS.
MECHANISM. By S. Dunkerley, M.Sc. Illus., large 8vo,
Longmans, Green & Co. $3, net.
THE DICKENS COUNTRY. By Frederic G. Kitton. Illus.,
8vo, gilt top, pp. 235. Macmillan Co. $2.net.
MODERN ADVERTISING. By Earnest Elmo Calkins and
Ralph Holden.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 361. D. Appleton
& Co. $1.50 net.
ANOTHER HARDY GARDEN BOOK. By Helena Rutherfurd
Ely. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 243. Macmillan Co.
$1.75 net.
THE FREEDOM OF LIFE. By Annie Payson Call. 12mo,
pp. 211. Little, Brown & Co. $1.25 net.
HISTORY.
A HISTORY OF ALL NATIONS, from the Earliest Times :
Being a Universal Historical Library, by Distinguished
Scholars. Edited by John Henry Wright, LL.D. To be
complete in 24 volumes. First section : Antiquity, in
5 vols. Illus. in color, etc., 4to. Philadelphia : Lea
Brothers & Co.
THE STORY OF THE CONGO FREE STATE : Social, Political,
and Economic Aspects of the Belgian System of Gov-
ernment in Central Africa. By Henry Wellington
Wack, F.R.G.S. Illus. in photogravure, etc., large
8vo, gilt top, pp. 634. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3.50 net.
IRELAND : The People's History of Ireland. By John F.
Finerty. In 2 vols., 8vo. Dodd, Mead & Co. $2.50
net.
IRELAND'S STORY: A Short History of Ireland. By Charles
Johnston and Carita Spencer. Illus., 8vo, gilt top,
pp. 414.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.10 net
EARLY DUTCH AND ENGLISH VOYAGES TO SPITZBERGEN in
the Seventeenth Century. Edited by Sir W. Martin
Conway, F.S.A. Illus, large 8vo, uncut, pp. 191.
London: The Hakluyt Society.
OUR NAVY AND THE BARBARY CORSAIRS. By Gardner W.
Allen. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, Pp. 354. Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
INDIANA: A Redemption from Slavery. By J. P. Dunn, Jr.
New and enlarged edition; with map, 16mo, gilt top,
pp. 506. "American Commonwealths.' Houghton,
Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
PRISON LIFE OF JEFFERSON DAVIS. By Bvt. Lieut. Col.
John J. Craven, M.D. New edition; with portrait,
12mo, pp. 320. G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.20 net.
EARLY WESTERN TRAVELS, 1748-1846. Edited by Reuben
Gold Thwaites, LL.D. Vol. XIII., Nutiall's Travels
into the Arkansas Territory, 1819. Large 8vo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 366. Arthur H. Clark Co. $4. net.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
LITERARY PORTRAITS. By Charles Whibley. With photo-
gravure portrait, 8vo, uncut, pp. 313. E. P. Dutton
& Co. $2.50 net.
OTIA: Poems, Essays, and Reviews. By Armine Thomas
Kent; edited by Harold Hodge; with memoir by Arthur
A. Bauman. With portraits, 12mo, gilt top, uncut,
Pp. 271.
John Lane. $1.25 net.
DE PROFUNDIS, By Oscar Wilde. With portrait, 12mo,
gilt top, unout, PP.
123. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.25 net.
THE CLASSICS AND MODERN TRAINING. By Sidney G.
Ashmore, L.H.D. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, PP. 159.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net.
SUPER FLUMINA : Angling Observations of a Coarse Fisher-
man. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 231. John Lane.
$1.25 net.
ON GOING TO CHURCH: An Essay. By G. Bernard Shaw
16mo, pp. 60. Boston: John W. Luce & Co. 75 cts
BOOKS OF VERSE.
THE BIRTH OF PARSIFAL. By R. C. Trevelyan. 16mo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 110. Longmans, Green & Co. $1.20
net.
PIPES AND TIMBRELS. By W. J. Henderson. 12mo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 95. R. G. Badger. $1.25.
A PAGIANT OF LIFE. By Gamaliel Bradford, Jr. 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 77. R, G. Badger. $1.25.
THE HAREM, and Other Poems. By Aloysius Coll. 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 112. R. G. Badger. $1.50.
POEMS. By Egbert Willard Fowler. With portrait, 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 108. R. G. Badger. $1.50.
FICTION.
MY LADY CLANCARTY: Being the True Story of the Earl
of Clancarty and Lady Elizabeth Spencer. By Mary
Imlay Taylor. Illus., 12mo, pp. 298. Little, Brown
& Co. $1.50.
PAM. By Bettina von Hutten. Illus., 12mo, pp. 391. Dodd,
Mead & Co. $1.50.
THE PLUM TREE. By David Graham Phillips. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 389. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50.
THE RAVANELS. By Harris Dickson. Illus., 12mo, pp. 420.
J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.
BILLY DUANE. By Frances Aymar Mathews. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 361.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
BEYOND CHANCE OF CHANGE. By Sara Andrew Shafer.
12mo, gilt top, pp. 295. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
BARHAM OF BELTANA. By W. E. Norris. 12mo, pp. 334.
Longmans, Green & Co. $1.50.
LANGBARROW HALL. By Theodora Wilson Wilson. 12mo,
pp. 401.
D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
THE GOLDEN HOPE: A Story of the Time of King Alexan.
der the Great. By Robert H. Fuller. 12mo, gilt top.
PP. 402.
Macmillan Co. $1.50.
STANDARD AUTHORS IN SETS
Balzac, Brontë, Bulwer, Carlyle, Cooper, Defoe,
Dickens, Dumas, Eliot, Fielding, Gibbon, Guizot,
Hawthorne, Hugo, Irving, Macaulay, Poe, Reade,
Ruskin, Scott, Shakespeare, Smollett, Thackeray,
Tolstoi. Send for Descriptive Booklet.
THOMAS Y. CROWELL & CO., New York


1905.]
245
THE DIAL
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252
(April 16,
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253
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[April 16, 1905.
THE DIAL
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THE DIAL
A Semi. Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER.
PAQE
.
0
.
269
vocates of manual training, and domestic arts,
No. 452. APRIL 16, 1905. Vol. XXXVIII.
and the various devices for combining a vast
deal of entertainment with a modicum of
CONTENTS.
discipline in the teaching of children, is that
their enthusiasm gets the better of their judg-
A SALUTARY MEASURE
255
ment, and that they make the most unwar-
SOME ASPERITIES AND AMENITIES
OF
ranted demands upon the limited store of
CRITICISM. Percy F. Bicknell .
257
time and money available for public school
COMMUNICATION .
260 support. Each of these fancies or "fads'
- to
A Point in Publishing Ethics. S. E. Bradshaw.
use just for once that objectionable word -
THE REMINISCENCES OF A DIPLOMATIST. has its proper claims and its proper sphere in
Clark S. Northup
. 260 the educational plan, but its sponsors are
THE LATEST HISTORY OF AMERICA. Anna never willing to accept what is fairly admissi-
Heloise Abel
262
ble in its behalf; their zeal carries them be-
SOME RECENT BOOKS IN ECONOMICS. H.
yond all bounds, and their misguided champ-
Parker Willis .
264
ionship impels them to efforts which tend to
MEMOIRS OF A TRAVELLER AND ORIEN-
impair the fundamental integrity of essential
TALIST. Wallace Rice
267
education.
CHARITY ADMINISTRATION AT HOME AND
We have no quarrel whatever with any of
ABROAD. Max West
these matters on its own account.
All are
RECENT BOOKS ON EDUCATION. Henry David- good and helpful in their respective ways; all
son Sheldon.
270
are capable of contributing some useful ele-
Dexter's History of Education in the United
States. — Palmer's The New York Public School.
ment to the unfolding mind. But the moment
-Chancellor's Our Schools. — Winch's Notes on they begin to be treated as other than adjuncts,
German Schools.-Davidson's The Education of the the moment they attempt to encroach upon
Wages-Earners.-Briggs's Routine and Ideals.-Har-
the area that belongs to the essentials,
per's The Tread in Higher Education.—King's Per
sonal and Ideal Elements in Education.—Hubbell's then the time comes when every sound edu-
Up through Childhood.-Miss Tanner's The Child. cational instinct must discredit them, when
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
272
every rational educational activity must be
Mr. Gosse's estimate of Patmore. - An efficient exerted to keep them in their own place. If
text in Psychology. - An old-time courtship. – we can have all these pleasant things, or some
Ireland in the 17th century. - The worlds that
of them, without giving one whit less atten-
people space.-A prejudiced portrait of the Kaiser.
Breaking the Western wilderness. — Furniture
tion than before to the matters that are really
of the ancients. — The beginnings of expansion by necessary, well and good; but if they are to
spoliation. – With the Japanese at Port Arthur.
be had only at the expense of the vital ele.
- Arbitration and the Hague Court. – A minor
ments of instruction, then the face of the
episode of the Revolution.
educator cannot be set too sternly against
BRIEFER MENTION
276
them. It is very pretty to talk about the
NOTES
276
development of the social consciousness, and
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
278 about reproducing in the individual the exper-
ience of the race, but if the child who has
been made the victim of these experiments
A SALUTARY MEASURE.
comes out of school unable to write a credita-
The recent action of the New York City bly spelled and composed letter, unable to per-
board of education, cutting from the elemen- form an arithmetical operation with certainty,
tary school work a considerable portion of the unable to exhibit an accurate knowledge of
extraneous matter which has fastened itself elementary history and geography, the educa-
upon the system during recent years, may tion of that child has been a failure, no mat-
seem somewhat drastic, and possibly may have ter how many games he has played in school,
gone too far, but it embodies a legitimate or how much skill he has acquired in clay-
reaction from the excesses of the sentimental-modelling and basket-weaving, or how well ħe
ists, who, in their zeal for what they are can sew on a button.
pleased to call the enrichment of the curri- How well we know the particular quality
culum,' and 'the education of the whole child, of scorn with which this old-fashioned doc-
have quite lost their sense of educational trine is greeted by the pedagogical senti-
perspective. The trouble with all these ad- | mentalist, and with what superiority he recites
-
.


256
[April 16,
THE DIAL
6
for its demolition the parrot-formulæ of- anarchy that what we need by way of a rem-
his pet species of psychology. Enveloping the edy for its unfortunate results is still more
subject in a mist of words, he so befogs anarchy — a still greater confusion of acci-
the question at issue that his antagonist re- dent with essence, a still further abandonment
tires from the conflict baffled by the very of discipline, a still closer levelling of educa-
intangibility of the weapons with which he is tional values, and a still wider scope for the
assailed, but assuredly none the less certain pedagogical vagaries that are invading our
of the solid ground upon which his feet are schools from every quarter. This is a view
planted. For all these vaporings of the
these vaporings of the which we cannot share, and therefore, with-
theorist cannot shake the conviction of plain out knowing at all closely the nature of the
sensible persons that the business of the school situation in the New York schools, we
is teaching and not amusement, that the arę inclined to welcome as a salutary measure
child who has the rough ways smoothed for the reported recent action of the authorities.
him at every step is not the child who will It may not have been a very intelligent action,
acquire the power to overcome difficulties by and its motives may not have been of the
his own efforts, that hard work is the only highest, but it seems to have been taken in the
work worth doing, and that the development right direction, and its instinctive basis seems
of concentrated thought and strengthened will to have been sound. In many important mat-
is the final end toward which the educational ters New York, so long in the rear, has
process should be directed.
recently been taking the lead in educational
How well also we know the more definite affairs. It has set the other large cities of the
arguments adduced in behalf of that dilution country a notable example in the matters of
of education which has been going on during school architecture, of salary and pension
the past generation, and how meaningless these measures for the security of the teaching
arguments become when closely examined. profession, of the extension of educational
With all the changes rung upon them by activities beyond the range of what is usually
pedagogical rhetoricians, these pleas for 'the attempted by public school systems. Its course
new education' are reducible to the fol- in the matter now under consideration is
lowing three: that the hand should be trained likely to raise a storm of dissent, but we are
to act no less than the head, that things constrained to believe that the outcome will be
should be studied as well as words, and that for good.
the cultivation of thought is as important as In closing this discussion, we wish to say
the cultivation of memory.
Admirable pre- once more that we have no objection to the :
cepts all three, but perverted to most unworthy new school subjects on their own account. We
For these maxims, used as weapons in are opposed to them only to the extent to
the arsenal of the half-educated propagandist, which they encroach upon the time and re-
are only too apt to become the agencies of a sources available for the fundamentals, only
reactionary process, speciously labeled reform, to the extent to which they serve to dilute the
which is hostile to the inmost spirit of educa- strength of the old-time educational brew.
tion. The "hand and head' argument sub- Kindergartens and schools for manual training
stitutes training in the practical arts for the and courses in the domestic arts are nice:
intellectual discipline of the school; the things to have, but they must not be permit-
' things and words' argument subtly discour- ted to abridge the attention given to the more
ages the pursuit of all the nobler subjects of serious work of education, or to impair the
study; while the thought and memory' ar- energies devoted to its service. As long as
gument offers a veiled apology for the deplora- their secondary importance is freely admitted,
ble laxity of the present generation of young as long as they are treated as adjuncts to the
people, whose most conspicuous defect, when system, to be employed when the means are
the school turns them loose upon society, is available, and to be dropped when they are
that they know few things or none with either not, we give them cordial approval. But,
exactness or certainty.
when they become parasitic upon the system,
If it is becoming all the time more apparent when instead of drawing from their own :i.
that these are the actual results of our over- sources of energy, they tend to absorb the
weighted and over-ornamented school courses, energies that should be applied to more vital
it is surely time to call a halt, and endeavor needs, then they become a danger of the most
to get back to something like first principles. insidious sort.
A popular political maxim assures us that the That this danger is a real one must be!
cure for the evils of democracy is more apparent to every close observer of our public
democracy, and we shall doubtless be assured schools. In most communities, the problem of
by the upholders of the present educational ways and means, even for essential matters, is
uses.
>


1905.]
257
THE DIAL
a difficult one at best, and most of our systems little or nothing is said on the other side. The
are subject to periodical shrinkages. When author and the publisher are interested in cry-
such a shrinkage occurs, the obviously rational ing up the book. Nobody has any strong inter-
policy is to provide for it at the expense of the est in crying it down. Those who are best
subjects and activities of secondary import- fitted to guide the public opinion, think it be-
ance, leaving the essentials untouched; but it neath them to expose mere nonsense, and com-
is only too often the case in such an emer-
fort themselves by reflecting that such popu-
gency that the pruning-knife is applied to all larity cannot last.
larity cannot last. This contemptuous lenity
parts of the system alike, vital as well as has been carried too far. Nevertheless, it is.
accessory. The question is made one of jobs' not contemptuous lenity' but contemptuous
‘
'
instead of being kept one of educational inter- severity that most impresses the student of
ests. All the subjects once intrenched within early nineteenth-century literary criticism in
a school system claim equal consideration with England. Reviewers of the laxly lenient type
all the others, and so great is the present con- there doubtless were, but their works have
fusion of the public mind concerning either perished with them or are at present not
whole question of relative educational values readily accessible. A full century having now
that the impudent claim of cooking to be as passed since the rise of English literary criti-
important as arithmetic, of the kindergarten cism (in periodical form) of a serious and
to be as important as the high school, is as worthy sort, it may not be uninteresting to
likely as not to be allowed by those in author- glance back and scan some of its more signifi-
ity. This is the danger which should enjoin cant or more amusing features. Possibly, too,
a cautious conservatism upon all school boards a moral or a lesson may deduce itself from:
and superintendents when the question arises such incidents and anecdotes as can find place:
of some new extension of their activity; this in so brief a retrospect.
it is which should make for them the motto All criticism must necessarily lag behind
festina lente the capstone of the arch of creation, and the closer it presses on the lat-
educational wisdom.
ter's heels, the more liable it is to ill-considered
judgment and glaring error. Hence when a
century ago, with the opening of a new era in
SOME ASPERITIES AND AMENITIES
English poetry, the critics attempted to pass
OF CRITICISM.
judgment on the new school of poets as fast as
their works issued from the press works so
A hypercritical censor of art, so the story startlingly revolutionary as judged by previous
goes, one day approached a certain picture, de- canons of poetic criticism – there could not
termined to find no good thing in it, and at but be, as viewed by a later age, many wild
once exclaimed against the coloring, the draw- utterances, many absurdly unjust apportion-
ing, the light and shade, the perspective, the ments of praise and blame, many amazingly
grouping, in fact against every detail both of false predictions as to the young singers' final:
conception and of execution. And that fly,
‘And that fly, fate, whether of oblivion or of immortality.
too !' was the final querulous criticism ; 'no This will never do!' cries the bewildered and
more like a real fly than I am !'whereupon the dismayed Jeffrey in reviewing “The Excur-
preposterous insect, in superb disregard of all sion'; and the flayers of Keats and Shelley and
the canons of art, took wing and flew away. Coleridge and Byron take up the refrain, with
The fable illustrates the futility of much only here and there a discerning and courage-
that passes under the name of criticism. But ous critic to put in a word of commendation.
the critic's (the literary critic's) failing is now The sentence from Publius Syrus, Judex dam-
alleged to be not undue severity, but too facile natur cum nocens absolvitur, which the 'Edin- .
praise. Complaisance, however, is no new dis- burgh Review' adopted as its motto, received
ease of criticism. It is curious to note that an altogether new and unwarranted interpreta-
seventy-five years ago, in the palmy days of tion; for now not the innocence but the guilt:
Jeffrey, Brougham, Lockhart, and Macaulay, of the hapless wight at the bar was assumed in
in the vigorous early prime of the Edinburgh,' advance of proof. Not to point out excellences,
the Quarterly,' and Blackwood's,' the same but to detect and ridicule faults was the critic's
complaint of indiscriminate eulogy was made proper function. Truly it was no primrose :
against critics of English literature. ‘At pres- path of pleasantness that the poet sauntered:
ent,' writes Macaulay in 1830, however con- down, no balmy atmosphere of unmixed adula-
temptible a poem or a novel may be, there is tion that he breathed, in those days of slashing
not the least difficulty in procuring favorable reviews and cut-throat criticisms. The Quar-
notices of it from all sorts of publications, terly and Blackwood reviews of Keats's En-
daily, weekly, and monthly. In the meantime, I dymion are perhaps too well known to call for
'
-
1


258
[April 16,
THE DIAL
6
6
6
any extracts from their scurrilities. But not so takes delight in bull-baiting and cock-fighting,
well known is Gifford's cynical retort upon being finds pleasure of the same sort, but more
expostulated with for his severity, a severity refined, more intellectual, in a skilfully waged
that had moved some nameless sympathizer war of words, if only the battle be fought with-
with its victim to send him a handsome testi- out too repellent barbarity, too manifest disre-
monial in the form of a banknote. How can gard of accepted rules, on either side. And
you, Gifford,' pleaded the remonstrant, dish even where the contest is wholly one-sided and
úp in this dreadful manner a youth who has the defendant has no chance to be heard, the
never offended you?' “It has done him good,' disinterested onlooker is none the less enter-
replied the editor of the Quarterly,' continu- tained if only the blows appear to be aimed
“
ing his writing, with his green shade before his all above the belt. But occasionally the victim
eyes, totally insensible to all reproach or of these assaults refuses to take his castigation
entreaty; "he has had twenty-five pounds from in silence. An historic instance is Tennyson's
Devonshire.' Still more relentlessly cruel was neat retort upon Christopher North, who had
the treatment Keats received from the Black- reviewed in Blackwood's Magazine,' in a
wood reviewer, the abominable 'Z'; for, not fashion not to the poet's liking, his first volume
content with flaying him alive and spraying of verse. Familiar though the lines must be
him with vitriol, the heartless wretch, three to many, they will bear repetition here.
years after the poet's death, executed a war-
• You did late review my lays,
dance of triumph on his grave, exemplifying
Crusty Christopher ;
You did mingle blame and praise,
anew a too common propensity to add insult to
Rusty Christopher.
injury. Here is a sample of the writer's pleas-
When I learnt from whom it came,
I forgave you all the blame,
antry:
Musty Christopher ;
‘Mr. Shelley, it seems, died with a volume of Mr.
I could not forgive the praise,
Keats's poetry “grasped with one hand in his
Fusty Christopher.'
bosom” – rather an awkward posture, as you will
This must have been dictated by somewhat the
be convinced if you try it. But what a rash man
Shelley was, to put to sea in a frail boat with Jack's same feeling that led the Greek orator, on hear-
poetry on board! Why, man, it would sink a trireme. ing himself applauded by the rabble, to turn to
In the preface to Mr. Shelley's poems, we are told a candid friend and ask whether he had said
that “his vessel bore out of sight with a favorable
wind”; but what is that to the purpose !
anything foolish. Thackeray, too, in one mem-
It
had “Endymion” on board, and there was an end.
orable instance, made a very fitting and amus-
Seventeen ton of pig-iron would not be more fatal ing retort upon his critic. The Times' had
ballast. Down went the boat with a "swirl''! I
reviewed in highly offensive language his
lay a wager that it righted soon after ejecting Jack.'
Christmas story, The Kickleburys on the
Not satisfied with this, the editors of the maga- Rhine,' stigmatizing it as a pot-boiler of the
zine preface their volume for 1826 with still meanest order; and the critic had thus charac-
further abuse. “Keats was a Cockney, they terized the class of work to which it was
declare, 'and Cockneys claimed him for their assigned, — For the most part bearing the
own. Never was there a young man so encrusted stamp of their origin in the vacuity of the
with conceit.' And more of like sort. Even writer's exchequer rather than in the fulness
twenty years after Keats's death we find his of his genius, they suggest by their feeble
calumniators vainly striving to lay his ghost. flavour the rinsings of a void brain after the
“A good deal of twaddle,' they write, 'was more important concoctions of the expired
levelled against the conductors of this review year.' In reply to this hurticle,' as Thackeray
when they had the misfortune to criticize a might well have called it, he prefixed to the
sickly poet, who died soon afterwards, appar- second edition of his tale ‘ An Essay on Thun-
ently for the express purpose of dishonouring der and Small Beer,' in which he bantered
The article was not written with Jupiter Jeames' on his style, his hoighth of
any intention of damaging Mr. John Keats's foine language entoirely,' his pompous Latin-
lungs or stomach. .. But how are we to ity, and so on, until poor ‘Jupiter Jeames'
anticipate such contingencies? Must we, then, must have felt like hiding his diminished head
adopt the wise precautions of our ancestors in except that it was already snugly hidden
cases of physical torture, and send the proofs under the safe cloak of anonymity.
to be read over in the presence of a physician But the aggrieved author is not always so
who, thumb on pulse, might indicate the pas- happy in his method of rejoinder. Less in con-
sages which are too much for human nature to sonance with the original offense is the resort
endure?'
to fire-arms, rather than to ink, as a mode of
The slashing style of criticism will enjoy a retaliation. Jeffrey's scathing and, in truth,
certain popularity as long as human nature is offensively personal review of Moore's 'Epis-
not angelic nature. The primitive instinct that | tles, Odes, and other Poems' elicited a chal-
>
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1905.]
259
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6
6
as
>
lenge from the irascible little Irishman. Jeff- example, cuts to pieces poor Robert Montgom-
rey, who chanced then to be in London, ery until the reader of his critique is fairly
accepted it, and the combatants met at Chalk driven to side with the luckless poet. “We have
Farm in the early morning of August 12, 1806. no enmity to Mr. Robert Montgomery,' declares
The issue of the affair furnished the town with the critic, and the reader at once knows this to
food for merriment for weeks to come. What be the prelude to a merciless onslaught on Mr.
a beautiful morning it is !' remarked the Scotch- Robert. Finding here and there in his poems
man to the Irishman. 'Yes,' was the reply, 'a reminders of earlier poets, Macaulay accuses
morning made for better purposes'; to which him unsparingly of plagiarism. The whole
.
the other breathed a sigh of assent. After fur- arraignment serves, and was perhaps (though
ther pleasant chat during the loading of the half-unconsciously) meant to serve,
an
pistols, the duellists took their places and were opportunity to display the critic's remarkable
about to fire, when the watchful providence powers of memory and his breadth of reading.
that has been known to intervene on other sim- The accusation of plagiarism, of 'very coolly
ilar occasions stayed the hands uplifted for appropriating' this and that and the other, is
mutual bloodshed. Policemen from Bow Street hardly made good. The reviewer's parting stab
burst through the hedge and took the com- is intended to give Mr. Montgomery his quietus.
batants into custody. This well-timed inter- After noticing in no admiring terms the poem
ruption, together with the finding of Jeffrey's entitled 'Satan,'Macaulay offers this bit of
pistol to be bulletless—an item that soon trans- counsel,—'We would seriously advise Mr.
formed and amplified itself into the report Montgomery to omit, or alter, about a hundred
that neither pistol was loaded - afterward lines in different parts of this large volume,
—
prompted Byron's sarcastic allusion, in his and to republish it under the name of
English Bards and Scotch Reviewers,' to 'Lit- Gabriel.”? And at the very end he says,
'If
tle's leadless pistol.' This in turn nearly caused our remarks give pain to Mr. Robert Mont-
a duel between Moore and Byron, but led in the gomery, we are sorry for it,' with a few more
end to their acquaintance and friendship. equally comforting words. Montgomery's poems
Meanwhile Jeffrey and Moore had met at a cannot now be said to be in everybody's mouth,
friend's house, the Scotchman had pacified the but it would be rash to attribute their obscurity
Irishman by graciously admitting the excep- to Macaulay's wild and wanton rhetoric in the
tionable nature of parts of the offending review, ‘Edinburgh Review.'
and the upshot of it all was a firm and fast After a dose of early nineteenth-century
friendship between the two from that day for- book-reviews, one may well feel inclined to say
ward. All's well that ends well. Similarly, with the elder Disraeli, " That undue severity
the merciless judgment passed by Jeffrey on of criticism which diminishes the number of
Byron's ' Juvenile Poems opened the way ulti- good authors is a greater calamity than even
mately to a noble friendship between poet and that mawkish panegyric which may invite indif-
critic. It is conjectured, and not without ferent ones.' A worthless book soon dies, but
plausibility, that had it not been for the dis- any unjust censure that checks the production
sipated young lord's early flagellation at Jeff- of good ones is regrettable. Jeffrey himself in
rey's hands he might never have aroused him- later life admitted that he had erred on the side
self to such worthy exertion as gave to the world of severity. 'A certain tone of exaggeration,
his subsequent better poems. We certainly he says in retracting some of his strictures on
should never have seen the ‘English Bards' Burns, 'is incident, we fear, to the sort of writ-
had it not been for the Scotch reviewer. Pleas- ing in which we are engaged. Reckoning a lit-
ing to note is the latter's handsome tribute to tle too much on the dulness of our readers, we
the merits of Byron's greater works
so strik- are often unconsciously led to overstate our sen-
ingly in contrast with the persistent persecution timents in order to make them understood; and
of Keats by the Blackwood critic. 'None but a when a little controversial warmth is added to
great soul dared hazard it,' declared Byron in a little love of effect, an excess of colouring is
generous admiration; "a little scribbler would apt to steal over the canvas, which ultimately
have gone on cavilling to the end of the chap- offends no eye so much as our own.' In the pre-
ter.'
face to his collected essays Jeffrey further
These and similar instances of retort, espe- acknowledges that he has said 'petulant and
cially where the disputants remember that they provoking things of Southey, and that he has
are gentlemen before they are writers, diversify often spoken rather too bitterly and confi-
and enliven the pages of literary history. But dently of the faults' of Wordsworth. Still he
most often the critic has the first, last, and only adheres substantially to his early opinions, and
word in the matter, however much one might claims credit for making prominent in all his
like to hear the other side. Macaulay, for discussions the moral worth or worthlessness of
6


260
[April 16,
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6
the book reviewed. Good morals and good
The New Books.
literature, he holds, go together.
Turning from these now half-forgotten crit-
ical writings of a century ago, the curious THE REMINISCENCES OF A DIPLOMATIST.*
reader of them cannot but retain a sense of the
The life of Mr. Andrew D. White has been
earnestness and real animating their better
pages, and of the more than respectable learn- remarkably full of incident and rich in oppor-
,
ing and ability they often display. Something
tunity. As professor in the University of
of this seriousness of purpose might profitably Michigan, president of Cornell University, min-
be cultivated by present-day critics. A review
ister plenipotentiary to Russia, minister and
that rivals or perhaps eclipses in interest and
ambassador to Germany, and president of the
learning the work reviewed, or at least that sup-
American delegation at the Peace Conference
plements it with matter of real worth, is always
of The Hague, he has rendered distinguished
services to his country for which he will be held
a pleasant thing to read, but how rarely met
with in the hasty book-notices of today! One
in grateful remembrance. For more than fifty
fault of the early reviewers will of course be
years he has enjoyed the acquaintance and the
committed by their successors as long as these friendship of many of the most prominent
scholars and statesmen of the time. Not the
successors are fallible,— the fault of uninten-
tionally slighting genius and exalting its oppo-
least, therefore, of the services for which we are
site
. But that these past appraisers of litera- indebted to him is the record that he has now
ture furnish, by their errors both of omission given us of the observations and experiences of
half a century. Much of this matter has
and of commission, no less than by their excel-
lences, some measure of instruction for present appeared, in an abridged form, in The Century
guidance, and for present caution, is not to be
Magazine' in the last two years; but a great
disputed.
deal has never before seen the light.
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
Mr. White divides his work under the follow-
ing convenient heads: Environment and Edu-
cation; Political Life; As University Pro-
•COMMUNICATION.
fessor; As University President; In the Diplo-
matic Service; Sundry Journeys and Expe-
A POINT IN PUBLISHING ETHICS.
riences; Miscellaneous Recollections; Religious
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
Development. Some slight overlapping was of
The great magazines of the country appeal to course inevitable; yet it is far better so, for each
a wide circle of readers, many of them being reg-
ular subscribers and many being regular buyers
group of experiences and reflections thus stands
out by itself, a distinct unit, yet linked by means
from the news-stands. These make up the clien-
tèle of the magazines and determine their suc-
of unobtrusive cross-references to other related
cess. Is it just, then, to this large body of regular By his skill in the selection of material, and
groups. In arrangement the work is a model.
readers for the publishers to issue in bookform an
important serial before the last two or three in- by his admirably lucid and even style, the author
stalments appear in the magazine? The reason has made every page intensely interesting.
for the early publication is obvious: it means Born in a prosperous little village of Central
money in the pocket of the publishing company, New York in 1832, Mr. White enjoyed the ad-
and that is perhaps the main object the company
has in view. But, again, is it just to the maga-
vantages of a happy, wholesome life to which
eine's regular supporters ? Doubtless there are
both poverty and riches were alike strangers.
those who become so absorbed in a story that
The glimpses he gives us of the futile educa-
they are willing to purchase it in bookform to
tional methods of those days remind us of the
get the final chapters a little earlier, yet they are vast changes that have taken place in half a
probably only a small proportion of the whole century. Gerund-grinding' - against which
number of readers. Most of those who buy the he is very bitter — has not, it is too true,
book, it is safe to say, have not read the monthly entirely disappeared; but the lecture system
instalments. Is it just to cater in so marked a has been introduced (largely through Mr.
degree to this class while the regular subscribers
White's example), and the study of the modern
are asked to wait? Would there not be quite as
many buyers of the book, if it were published
languages and literatures and of pure science
after its completion in the magazine? In this age
is now generally on an equal footing with that
of commercialism, it is perhaps too much to ex-
of the Greek and Roman classics. Going abroad
pect that the publishing companies will worry in the summer of 1853, Mr. White lived first in
themselves over such questions of ethics. And Paris, hearing lectures at the Sorbonne and the
yet it is an injustice to their great body of sup- Collège de France; later, as attaché of the
porters that they could and should avoid.
American legation, in St. Petersburg; and lastly
S. E. BRADSHAW.
• AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF ANDREW DICKSON WHITE. In two
Greenville, S. C., April 5, 1905.
volumes. With portraits. New York: The Century Co.
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1905.]
261
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It was
a
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>
(
>
>
in Berlin, where he heard Lepsius, the Egyptol he helped in the work, which had then become
ogist, Boeckh on Grecian history, Karl Ritter extremely important, of increasing the numbers
on physical geography, von Raumer on Italian of those friendly to the Union cause and opposed
history, and Hirsch on modern history. Ranke to European intervention, and of procuring
he pictures as having
takers for the new national bonds.
A habit of becoming so absorbed in his subject, In commenting upon the more recent events
as to slide down in his chair, hold his finger up of our political life, Mr. White more than once
toward the ceiling, and then, with his eye fastened
on the tip of it, to go mumbling through a kind of
speaks of what is, in his opinion, the worst evil
rhapsody, which most of my German fellow-students
in American public life, — that facility for un-
-
confessed they could not understand.
limited slander, of which the first result is to
comical sight: half a dozen students crowding degrade our public men, and the second result
around his desk, listening as priests might listen
to the sibyl on her tripod, the other students being thinking people, and that power for good and
is to rob the press of that confidence among
scattered through the room in various stages of
discouragement.'
against evil which it really ought to exercise.'
Similar forgetfulness of the needs of one's An interesting illustration of this is the popular
auditors, though perhaps not in so extreme a
fiction, long held, that the first battle of Bull
form, is not unknown in some of our universi-
Run was lost because General McDowell was
ties even to-day.
drunk. At a banquet in 1882, Mr. White
In politics Ár. White began life — in 1840, learned from General McDowell himself that he
Mr.
of course - as a Whig. Most entertaining are
had been, throughout his military career, a total
abstainer!
his recollections of the building of log cabins
with the latch-string hanging out, the barrels
Another valuable criticism concerns our polito
of hard cider, the raccoon skins, the balls keptical conventions, in which the principal part
a-rolling on the screaming eagles and crowing | is now at times played by spectators, and which
cocks of a campaign fitly characterized as an
in consequence is subject, at such times, to mob
apotheosis of tom-foolery With the campaign rule. It is indeed a monstrous abuse.'
of 1844 the slavery question loomed up in poli-
Twenty years of Mr. White's life, from 1865
tics. Concerning Henry Clay and the slave
to 1885, were given to the work of helping to
problem, Mr. White says:
found, and of administering, Cornell University.
'How blind we all were! Henry Clay, a Ken. No chapter in the history of American educa-
tucky slave-holder, would have saved us. Infinitely
tion is more interesting, and perhaps none is
better than the violent solutions proposed to us was more important, than this; not so much because
his large statesmanlike plan of purchasing the slave of the wonderful growth of Cornell as because
children as they were born and setting them free.
of the instructive lessons to be learned by edu-
Without bloodshed, and at cost of the merest
nothing as compared to the cost of the Civil War,
cators and philanthropists from its early history.
he would thus have solved the problem; but it was
The difficulties with which Mr. Cornell and Mr.
not so to be. The guilt of the nation' was not to White had to contend were enormous : lack of
be so cheaply atoned for.'
available means, more students than could be
The defeat of Frémont in 1856, Mr. White handled, some of whom were grieved because
thinks, was providential. Had the great strug- they could not earn their own living in the uni-
gle been precipitated then, the outcome might versity, above all, the most violent and persistent
have been far different. Moreover, Mr. White opposition from sectarian institutions and
fully believes in the sincerity of President Bu- presses. So wisely, however, did they lay the
chanan and his associates, who 'honestly and foundations of the university, that no important
patriotically shrank’ from the horrible prospect deviation from their policy has ever been made.
of civil war and disunion.
The career of usefulness that the university has
The importance of the work done before and already had is the best answer to the critics
during the Civil War by Mr. White and other and the slanderers
and the slanderers — of its early days.
teachers and public speakers is too often over- About half of the book is devoted to the
looked and too easily underestimated. He author's diplomatic experiences and to the
sought ever to spread intelligence of the observations and reflections incident to his diplo-
demoralizing effects of slavery; to aid in train- matic life. The public has already been able
' a new race of young men who should to form some idea of the immense importance
understand our own time and its problems in of these memoirs in the light they throw upon
the light of history.' His main work was done the actions and characters of the great protag-
in his well-filled lecture room at Ann Arbor, onists of recent European history - among
where his discussions of the growth and decay them Lord John Russell, Lord Pauncefote,
of feudalism and of the serf system could not Thiers, De Lesseps, Cavour, Bismarek, Frede-
fail to throw much light on the tendencies of rick III., William II., Münster, Von Bülow,
slavery. In a visit to Europe in the fall of 1863, | Nicholas II., Pobedonostzeff, De Witte, Von
ing up
.
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262
[April 16,
THE DIAL
many others.
6
6
Plehve, Makharoff, Franz Josef; and no less one of the dreams of his life, the establishment
important in their way are the impressions he of a great library at Cornell. Accustomed to
records of Tolstoi, Auerbach, Villari, Marco dealing with great questions and to taking large
Minghetti, Freeman, Bishop Creighton, Sir views of things, he naturally overlooks the
Henry Maine, Lord Acton, Holman Hunt, and petty, the mean, the narrow, when these are
overbalanced by better things; and his new ver-
Of the chapters that have to do with Euro- sion of the great Apostle's words is a creed of
pean statesmen, the most important, probably, optimism most stimulating to the generation
are those dealing with Bismarck and William which is to carry on his work.
II., which have already, in substance, appeared 'I have sought to fight the good fight; I have
in The Century Especially noteworthy is sought to keep the faith, — faith in a Power in
Mr. White's high opinion of the character and
the universe good enough to make truth-seeking
wise, and strong enough to make truth-telling
ability of the German Emperor. The effect of
effective, — faith in the rise of man rather than
this contribution to our knowledge of William in the fall of man, — faith in the gradual evolution
II., his environment, his aims, and his ambi- and ultimate prevalence of right reason among
tions, must be to increase greatly that respect
men.'
which most Americans already have for him,
CLARK S. NORTHUP.
and to strengthen the tie that binds America,
already so largely Teutonic in her citizenship,
to the Continental mother-nation.
THE LATEST HISTORY OF AMERICA.*
The chapter on Tolstoi does not increase our
admiration for the great Russian, but probably
For several months, historical students have
voices the opinion that will ultimately be widely awaited with no small degree of curiosity the
if not generally held. Mr. White's explanation appearance of the initial volume of Avery's
of Tolstoi's narrowness of view is illuminating.
History of the United States,' to comprise in
all twelve volumes, with colored illustrations
Of all distinguished men that I have ever met,
Tolstoi seems to me most in need of that enlarge-
and other novel features. The plan of the work
ment of view and healthful modification of opinion is pretentious, the author's aim being to pre-
which come from meeting men and comparing views sent in popular form an accurate and scholarly
with them in different lands and under different
conditions. This need is all the greater because
narrative of the whole course of American his-
in Russia there is no opportunity to discuss really tory, something that has never yet been suc-
important questions. . The result is that his cessfully attempted.
opinions have been developed without modification In the first volume, which deals mainly with
by any rational interchange of thought with other
the period of discovery and exploration, Dr.
men. Under such circumstances any man, no mat-
ter how noble or gifted, having given birth to
Avery pretends to no original investigation.
striking ideas, coddles and pets them until they His use of primary authorities seems to be
become the full-grown, spoiled children of his brain. restricted to those easily accessible in transla-
He can at last see neither spot nor blemish in them,
tions. Internal evidence, indeed, points to the
and comes virtually to believe himself infallible.'
conclusion that he is not personally familiar
At the same time Mr. White believes Tolstoi
with the Spanish language — the chief requisite
to be
for research work in this particular field. Even
One of the most sincere and devoted men alive, when the primary authorities are easily acces-
a man of great genius and, at the same time, of
sible, the author has not always used them, but
very deep sympathy with his fellow-creatures. Out
of this character of his come his theories of art
has preferred to trust to secondary sources. A
and literature; and, despite their faults, they seem close comparison of his account of the third
to me more profound and far-reaching than any voyage of Columbus with that given by Wash-
put forth by any other man in our time.
His paradoxes will be forgotten; but his devoted
ington Irving shows how minutely he followed
life, his noble thoughts, and his lofty ideals will,
the earlier work. The two accounts are strictly
as centuries roll on, more and more give life and parallel, the sequence of events and the way in
light to the new Russia.'
which they are related being exactly the same.
These extracts are typical of the breadth of Variations occur in the expansion of words
view, the sympathy, the candor, the tact that into phrases and phrases into clauses, with the
characterize Mr. White's utterances in this book
occasional introduction of descriptive adjectives.
as they have always done throughout his life. For illustration, where Irving speaks simply of
Fearless in his condemnation of stupidity, the Trinity,' Dr. Avery adds the word Holy,'
knavery, and quackery of every sort, he is care- following, in this respect, the example set by
ful, so far as possible, not to mention names * A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES AND ITS PEOPLE,
where it would give pain to persons now living; from the Earliest Records to the Present Time. By Elroy
McKendree Avery. (To be completed in twelve volumes.)
as for example, in his references to the famous
Illustrated in color, etc. Cleveland :
The
Fiske will case, the outcome of which shattered
.
*
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Volume I.
Burrows Brothers Co.


1905.]
263
THE . DIAL
of an
none.
Justin Winsor, who similarly depended far The first two chapters of the book, which
more upon secondary authorities than is usually are in their nature introductory, exhibit the
supposed.
same tantalizing dependence upon the opinions
Nevertheless, in a general way, as we con-
of particular individuals. Points in geology,
clude from yolume I., Dr. Avery is fully abreast not yet fully determined, are narrated with cer-
of modern scholarship. By means
tainty; while the theories urged respecting the
exhaustive study of the best secondary authori- age of man are peculiar to Professor Ĝ. F.
ties, he has made himself thoroughly conversant Wright, who revised the second chapter. As
with the great problems in American history. the leading geologists and palæontologists have
On controverted points he has carefully weighed persistently refused to accept them, it is unwise
the evidence; and, in the majority of cases, to embody them in
them in a popular work. The
has come to incline to the sounder opinion. This twenty-second chapter is a first-rate general
-
is notable in the matter of Amerigo Vespucius, account of the Aborigines; and here Dr. Avery
where he has, most surprisingly, managed to is very fortunate in having secured the co-
steer clear of John Fiske’s vagaries. Some operation of such an able Indian scholar as Mr.
times, however, he hesitates, -as in his account
James Mooney.
of Sebastian Cabot, — scarcely knowing which The great weakness of the book lies in the
side to take. To his notion, evidently, the con- absence of page references; and this criticism is
flicting decisions seem pretty evenly balanced. made with all due regard to the avowed purpose
As a result, the reader is left in doubt whether of the author. It is true that lengthy notes
or not Sebastian Cabot was the leading spirit in often impede progress, and break, as it were,
the voyage of 1496-7. Dr. Avery seems to think the continuity of the narrative. Nevertheless,
he was; but the concensus of historical opinion some intimation of the sources of the book
points decidedly the other way. This wavering ought to be given. It is not enough to have at
attitude, so vexatious to a critical reader, is the end a fairly complete bibliography; the
another indication that the author has not him- popular reader is not likely to make much use
self investigated the sources.
of it, and for the critical reader it is not suffi-
Of really serious errors in the book, there are cient. Exceptions might also be taken to the
Minor discrepancies occur
once in a scanty use of quotation marks. The omission
while, as in the statement that Sir Francis is intentional, yet hardly to be commended.
,
Drake was the second European after Magellan Even to-day, the classical knowledge of the ordi-
to cross the Pacific Ocean. This is a repetition nary person is not of very wide range, espe-
of Fiske. As a matter of fact, several Span- cially in the realm of poetry; and, as Dr. Avery
iards, in the interval between 1521 and 1578, has a personal weakness for well-turned phrases,
had ventured there. Under certain circum- poetical catch-words, and flowery expressions,
,
stances, omissions of important truths might it is not presumed that the popular mind will
well be counted as errors. Dr. Avery fails to always be able to make a distinction between
remark that Sebastian Cabot's individual title quoted but uncredited poetry and original com-
to fame rests, not upon any share, self-attri- | position.
buted, in the voyages of his father, but upon The illustrative material is a noticeable fea-
his organization of the first English trading ture of the entire book, and, with the possible
company, a greater feat because of its far-
å
exception of the imaginary cuts, which are
reaching consequences. Furthermore, the likely to be misleading because they often rep-
attention of the reader has not been called to resent men of whom no portrait is known to
the rather unsatisfactory character of the only
the only exist, is worthy of unstinted praise. The pic-
evidence we possess for the De Gourgues expe- tures of objects, especially in the second chap-
dition. On these two occasions, Dr. Avery has ter, are interesting and instructive. The maps
not made the best possible use even of the throughout are well-selected and seem to us of
secondary material; for Professor F. H. Hodder unusual excellence, - clear, well-defined, and
pointed out Sebastian Cabot's real contribution accurate.
to history several years ago, in an article in Dr. Avery's style of writing is smooth and
THE DIAL, and Mr. John G. Shea, to whom Dr. flowing; but it lacks the literary finish of
Avery is elsewhere much indebted, has, in his Prescott, the elegant ease of Irving, and the
critical notes on Charlevoix, impeached the wearing qualities of Fiske. It abounds in hack-
reliability of the purely French accounts of Deneyed phrases, indirect statements, and meta-
Gourgues, - that is, he has, from the silence of phors that are too often distracting. In short,
Spanish annals, seriously questioned whether it is altogether too flowery either for a perma-
the Frenchmen, massacred by Menendez, were nent classic or for a serious piece of historical
ever avenged in the manner cited by Parkman work. Such traits may, however, commend
and acquiesced in by Dr. Avery.
themselves to the general reader for whom the


264
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THE DIAL
.
6
>
>
book was originally intended.. : Disregarding ance of four or five weighty and serious produc-
a faint touch of pedantry here and there, tions has marked the period as one of unusual
we may say in conclusion that the good points importance in the history of this branch of eco-
in the book far outnumber the bad, and augur nomic writing. Professor Kinley's Study of
well for the series. They show an extensive the Theory of the Medium of Exchange' is 'a
reading, and, withal, a most careful and judi- welcome addition to an honorable list, and the
cious selection of secondary material. Admit- same cordial greeting will doubtless be extended
tedly, the book is a remarkable achievement for to one or two other books, by authors of stand:
an untrained historian. It is something we ing, now known to be well toward completion.
have wanted for a long time; and, if the suc- All told, the scientific theory of money has
ceeding volumes carry out the design of the profited greatly from the attention focussed
first or improve upon it, it is to be hoped that upon it during the two Bryan campaigns; and
the erroneous ideas respecting many phases of has profited again from the cessation of the
American history, which have been so assidu- contest and the opportunity thereby gained for
ously fostered and popularized by some of our sober and more unbiased thought.
best-known writers, will eventually be eradi- Professor Kinley's work is a volume of some
cated.
ANNA HELOISE ABEL. 415 duodecimo pages, divided into seventeen
chapters. These follow the conventional group-
ing of topics, and hence need no enumeration.
They fall, in general, into three classes. The
SOME RECENT BOOKS IN ECONOMICS. *
first includes Chapters I. and II., which deal
with the origin and idea of money; the second,
Our steady and increasing interest in eco- Chapters III, to XV. inclusive, on the various
nomic problems has lately produced several phases of metallic money and its problems; and
valuable results. There has been a growing dis-
the third, Chapters XVI. and XVII., on con-
position on the part of our best writers to pro- vertible and inconvertible paper money. The
duce clear and systematic monographs on spe- technical reader is inclined to wish that the
cial topics, designed not simply for the class-
first and third of these divisions had been
room but for the instruction of a more and omitted, the first because of the more or less
more appreciative circle of serious and thought- conjectural and unessential character of the
ful readers. This has done much to improve
data on which such discussions must rest, the
the exposition and to make more practical the third because of the need for more extended dis-
subject-matter of the academic studies of indus-
cussion than a chapter or two can afford. But
trial phenomena. Continuous discussion, by what is thus a defect to the specialist will be a
rendering obsolete portions of the more recent merit in the eyes of the general observer, who
works on economic topics, has compelled the
may even feel that for his purpose the book
revision of theory and the re-classification of might well go further and treat the subject of
data in order to prevent work from being hope Credit and Banking, which the author reserves
lessly behind the times. Conversely, the greater to another volume. Taking the central portion
interest of academic thinkers in practical prob- of the book, there will be found relatively little
lems has led journalists and men of affairs to
to quarrel with and much to commend. While
gather their scattered writings into permanent the treatment necessarily follows beaten paths, ,
form, and thereby to render them more avail-
it adds its fair share of new thought and
able to those who had at once less opportunity detailed analysis to problems already much
.
for the first-hand study of events and more
hammered upon.
time for analysis. The three volumes before
Probably the most useful bit of originality
us represent both of these hopeful tendencies,
in the book is the consistent application of the
two of them being the work of known theorists,
the other of a prolific publicist and practical of-money question, and indeed to all probº
notion of marginal values to the general value
student of finance.
lems throughout the treatment where special
The past two years have seen notable addi-
-
tions to the literature of Money and Banking application of value theory is requisite. In
.
this respect the book is a marked advance over
Not to mention an output of fugitive writings
some recent work which seems to be based upon
fully up to the average in quality, the appear-
no consistent doctrine of value. The author's
A Study of the Theory of the Medium of conclusions, however, seldom depart from those
Exchange. By David Kinley. New York:
recognized as orthodox, though he is distinctly
A Study of Recent fair to both sides of debated matters. Thus,
Financial Tendencies. By Charles A. Conant.
bimetallism is adjudged inadequate in theory,
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
though it would undeniably offer some advan-
THE DISTRIBUTION OF
New York: The Macmillan Co.
tages'; irredeemable paper currency, on the
MONEY.
The Macmil-
lan Co.
WALL STREET AND THE COUNTRY.
New York:
WEALTH.
By Thomas Nixon
Carver.


1905.]: 1
265
THE DIAL
based upon
6
6
whole, is not safely to be meddled with, though practically increasing the stock available for
its issue may result in 'fiscal advantage' - use in money-exchanges, - exerts whatever
dearly bought, however, ‘by the community,' influence upon the price level can properly be
and a tabular standard of value would be attributed to a change in the quantity of money.
serviceable’ in certain cases, though only a In short, a rearrangement of marginal valua-
‘ rough-and-ready method of returning the tions is necessitated. Granting the author's
same amount of physical efficiency.' Professor assumptions, this view seems a distinctly rea-
Kinley has doubtless done wisely in omitting sonable explanation of the phenomena of credit,
most of the familiar outlines of American cur- and is a welcome relief from recent talk about
rency history which usually appear in works on credit as identical with confidence, and from
money.
definitions of credit as a 'short sale of money?
.
Probably the chapters to which the theorist Without going further into the details of this
will turn with most interest are those which book, it may be briefly appreciated as a com-
deal with the quantity theory' and the effect pact and concise setting forth of monetary
of credit on prices. This book nominally theory, ornamented with little in the way of
rejects both the stereotyped doctrine of the quan- allusion or history, and illustrated scantily, but
tity of money as fixing its value, and the recent
careful study of the recent as well
analyses put forward in rivalry with that as the older works on the subject. The origi-
theory. The stand taken is that the value of nality of the book does not lie in newness of
money, as it emerges from any set of exchanges material, but in method of treatment, and the
is
the resultant of a complex group
conclusions are throughout eclectic. It should
of forces,' and after careful enumeration of prove a useful volume both for the class room
these forces the conclusion is reached that the and for popular circulation.
attempt to establish a relation of simple pro- Mr. Conant's work on Wall Street and the
portion between the quantity of money and its Country' is confessedly an apology for the
value' is futile. "The value of money,' in ' financial interests, and an effort to demon-
short, “ has some relation to the quantity,' but strate the latent harmony between the promoters
is not proportional to the quantity excepting and financiers of New York and the plain citi-
in the case of inconvertible paper,' and even zens throughout the land. With this object in
then only subject to some limitation. This view, the book aims to set forth in some degree
.
'
(except for the inconvertible paper) is certainly
the dangers of proceeding too rashly
à sound and wise view of the matter; and, we in extending the area of Federal intervention,
think, is substantially the view now taken by all
and in fettering that freedom of
those who consider the money question in an action and initative which has been one of the
unbiased way, without seeking weapons with essential causes of our national progress. Six
which to belabor others. Unfortunately, like essays are included in the volume, and of these
most statements of theory which hold only to the first three and the last serve the main end,
acknowledged truth, it does not take us very the fourth and the fifth being more general in
far; and, indeed, the most serious criticism character. Probably the most interesting and
.
upon Professor Kinley's whole treatment is that informing essay of the set is the one on The
it leaves many important practical questions Future of Undigested Securities?; and Mr.
’
without definite conclusion. A similar eclectic Conant has done rightly in giving it first place.
outcome is reached in the chapter on credit and The author believes that the sufferings inflicted
its influence upon the price level. The author upon the public through the over-capitalization
adheres neither to the school which determines and inflation of recent corporate enterprises are
the price level without reference to money, nor to be attributed largely to public gullibility and
to that which regards its increased demand due only in part to the promoters. Recalling the
to credit identical in effect with the increased unfortunate experiences of the early days of
demand due to money. 'Credit is properly one joint-stock companies, he points out that present
of the determinants of the price level, but only conditions are analogous to the older experi-
one. The effect of credit on prices depends on ence, and suggests that what is needed is not
the completeness of the cancellation of indebt- new legislation, but to apply to industrial
edness. This theory rests upon the definition trusts
the lesson so well learned in
xchanges effected by credit mechanism the school of experience in railroading and
represent essentially a return to barter by banking. The stronger and better organized of
representative transfers of goods rather than by the new corporations will stand the test to
physical transfers.' So far as such a return which they are now being subjected, while the
avoids the necessity for the use of money, it others will share the fate of our wildcat banks
sets free a certain amount of coin for use in cash of the ante-bellum days. In his chapter on
payments or as reserves, and this money, "The Trusts and the Public, Mr. Conant finds
6


266
[April 16,
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DIAL
6
-
that the dangers of government regulation far referred to, and the failure to bring into relief
overtop those of oppression and abuse by the important facts which might materially change
mammoth corporations. 'Intelligent discus- the opinion of the reader if known.
sion' he welcomes, and suggests that within Professor Carver's book on "The Distribution
the states corporation laws can probably be of Wealth’is a discussion of the abstract prin-
improved in many cases in the interest of the ciples upon which the product of industry is
investor.' But to the consumer he has little to divided. It had been anticipated by some as a
say except that 'in the nation, perhaps, some book that would break new ground, and by
simple laws might be enacted for the protection others as a sharp critical review of the distribu-
of the consumer without disturbing the rights tion controversy that began some fifteen years
of the shareholder. A lengthy elaboration of or more ago. The author evidently regards his
the classical economic argument for speculation own work as a bit of hard reading, for he hopes
is given in the essay on “The Function of the that the reader who takes up the volume will do
Stock and Produce Exchanges.' This, like the so with the understanding that economics is a
other essays, is chiefly a defense of existing science rather than a branch of polite litera-
methods of financial manipulation, and a gentle ture.' By way of fitting it for use as a text,
effort to obscure some of the more repulsive collateral reading in the standard authors on
aspects of modern finance. The Economic economic theory is suggested at the end of each
“
Progress of the Century' is different in tone chapter.
from the other essays. It is a review of some None of the expectations concerning The
of the economic factors which have contributed
Distribution of Wealth’ seem to be justified.
to recent industrial advance, and seems to have Quite sound and classical (in the modern sense
less of the character of a special plea than its of that term), for the most part, there is little
companion pieces. Perhaps no higher compli- or none of the critical review of recent theory
ment could be paid this essay than to say that already referred to, and we are glad to say that
it is somewhat in the style of the late David we cannot accept Professor Carver's foreboding
A. Wells's ‘Recent Economic Changes.'
of difficulty in reading the volume. On the
Mr. Conant's method, and, it is not unfair contrary, there are numerous places where con-
to add, somewhat of his special bias, — may be densation might be resorted to without at all
seen to good advantage in the paper on A Gold rendering the treatment too abstruse or difficult
Standard for China. Admirably clear is this
'
to follow. The book is in the main a clear and
little monograph in its re-statement of the fa- careful re-statement of the prevalent ideas on
miliar reasons why Western producers would be the theory of distribution as now accepted. .
benefited by the adoption of a stable money by The formal division of the treatment follows
China, as well as in its explanation of the modes conventional lines with chapters on Value,
by which the costly and difficult undertaking Diminishing Returns, Forms of Wealth, Wages,
must be carried through. What Mr. Conant Rent, Interest, and Profits. In the chapter on
neglects to lay stress upon, however, is the Interest, the point of view accepted by the
,
special interests behind our apparent display of author is developed along typical lines. Inter-
national altruism and good feeling in pushing est, says Professor Carver, is the income which
the plan forward. The ‘Gold Standard for capital returns to its owner, whether he lends
China' turns out to be a gold standard with it or employs it himself in his business. It is
silver circulation, yet there is nowhere a clear the surplus earning over and above the amount
recognition of the fact that our silver product needed to replace losses and repair wear-and-
is now chiefly controlled by a single interest, tear. Capital is enabled to earn such an income
very powerful at Washington, and that the simply because its material forms are useful,
adoption of the project would mean a great and this essentially justifies the “ productivity
increase in the demand for this metal and con- theory precisely as a similar fact in the case of
sequently an increase in its price. Our experi- | labor accounts for and measures the productive-
ence in getting silver for the Philippines fur- ness of that economic agent. Producers' goods
nishes an interesting illustration of the effects make up the significant categories of capital,
that would flow from such an operation, and and these are subject to a law of marginal pro-
of the profits that would swell certain favored ductivity which dictates the proportion in which
pockets.
they will be combined with land and labor in
On the whole, Mr. Conant's little book is use- productive processes. But any account of the
ful and interesting, if read with due care and productiveness of capital, - or, in other words,
discretion. Its best feature is the clear depic- any theory of interest, - must take account of
tion of many current conditions on which the the supply of the agent as well as of the demand
general reader has scant opportunity to inform for it. Demand is fully explained by the doc-
himself; its worst, the ex parte character already trine of marginal productivity, but not so of
<
>
-


1905.]
267
THE DIAL
6
>
supply. Such supply is controlled by two fac- In the copy that has fallen under our eye, one
tors -- the cost of producing the capital and the 'fo
'form' (16 pages) has been omitted; and there
necessity of waiting for a more or less slow are other serious imperfections.
return. The dislike of such waiting gives rise
H. PARKER WILLIS.
to the payment called interest. This waiting
or saving is, in final analysis, the placing of
capital in productive forms, as machinery, etc.
Such saving does not, always and everywhere, MEMOIRS OF A TRAVELLER AND
involve sacrifice, but the saving of enough capi-
ORIENTALIST.*
tal to carry on industry does do so. Hence the
amount of interest paid does not correspond to
M. Arminius Vambéry, already well known
a general discounting of future consumption, through former publications, some concerned
but to a marginal sacrifice or discounting. An
with interesting public events in his career and
equilibrium between demand for and supply of
some more intimately personal, has gathered
into two volumes a number of the de-
capital is arrived at when the purchaser's (bor; tails, both public and personal, not in-
rower's) demand for different forms of capital cluded in his previous works, and
,
has
cost of production. Land seems to yield inter- given to the book the double title of
The Story of My Struggles: The Memoirs of
est on principles precisely similar, yet the inde-
Arminius Vambéry. His purpose is stated
structible elements involved are such as to war-
rant a separate theory of rent. Capital varies quite frankly, and the book may be taken as
.
much in its durability, and different countries supplementing all that he has written not
and ages vary widely in the strength of the sav-
avowedly scientific in its nature. Where his
earlier books have exhausted his reminiscences,
ing spirit, and hence in the marginal sacrifice
as in the case of those describing the wonderful
of abstinence. It is conceivable that interest
might disappear, owing to a decline in such
journey that he made into Central Asia in the
marginal sacrifice to zero; but no such result is disguise of a dervish, the mention here is merely
likely to occur. The justice of interest is a
passing and for the purpose of setting the event
in its due chronological place.
In other re-
question of political expediency, and on that
basis may be upheld, since without it capital earlier years, and in specifying his services to
spects, particularly in his recollections of his
would be scarcer and what there was would be
less ably managed.
the cause of Great Britain in Asia, the treat-
ment is remarkably full.
This specimen of the mode of reasoning It is in this latter respect that the interest of
employed in The Distribution of Wealth' is
the narrative will be found to reside chiefly.
representative. A similar plan is pursued in M. Vambéry is an extraordinary example of
the other sections, and generally the application what one man may accomplish by writing to
of the doctrine of marginal sacrifices figures the newspapers, — an art and practice gener-
throughout as the leading principle. Yet there ally unknown in the United States, greatly to
is everywhere apparent an effort to keep the the country's loss. It is no exaggeration what-
valuable elements in conflicting doctrines new
ever to say that M. Vambéry's letters to the
and old, and to harmonize them where possible. London Times' have played no small part in
'
The book is moderate in tone and in conclu- changing the map of the world. He returned
sions. Some critics of Professor Carver have from his expedition in Central Asia with an
accused him of 'circuity' in treatment. It amount of knowledge concerning those parts
would not be worth while to recall the shadowy exceeding that of any other European. He had
refinements upon which this charge must be acquired perfect command of the Turkish lan-
based. The subject itself is one in which cer-
guage and literature, and with this a surpris-
tain assumptions must be made, and to these ing fund of information about the government
the reasoning naturally and unavoidably and politics of the Ottoman empire. Persia,
returns. Only by eliminating the whole theory too, was an open book to him, and his history
of distribution, — as suggested by one critic, - of Bokhara is the standard work on that little
will such a 'danger' be avoided. Professor understood people after many years. Adding
Carver has furnished a sensible and readable
his special means of information through an
summary of theory on an abstract phase of eco-
active correspondence with public men in the
nomics, - a phase, too, that is lately falling Orient, and, most amazing of all, something
a
into disrepute. It should do something to
resembling intimacy with the reigning Sultan,
improve the status of this field of study. We
and it will be seen how valuable his letters
note in conclusion that the proofs of the book
have been carefully read, but that some of its
mechanical features are not the publishers' best.
-
>
-
-
. THE STORY OF MY STRUGGLES. The Memoirs of
Arminius Vambéry. By himself. In two volumes. With
portraits. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.


268
[April 16,
THE DIAL
might become, once he had firmly committed where he had to pass for months in his artificial
himself to the cause of Great Britain as the one character as a true believer. His recital of his
civilizing and enlightening agent of that por- physical sufferings at this time must excite sym-
tion of the world, his attitude as a freedom-pathy from every reader, while his mental tor-
loving Hungarian giving him a complementary | tures were still more acute.
hatred for Russia and her methods.
One anecdote illustrating oriental shrewd-
Born a Jew, M. Vambéry's account of his ness is certainly worth giving, the occurrence
boyhood and youth sets forth the bitterness of taking place while M. Vambéry was at Erze-
the prejudice against that remarkable race in roum as the guest of Hussein Daim Pasha.
Hungary and throughout the Austrian empire, “One day the Pasha lost a valuable diamond ring,
- a prejudice hardly yet removed in his indi- and as he had not been out of the house one might
vidual case, and then only from his countrymen justly suppose that the ring would be found, unless
,
one of the numerous servants of the establishment
having learned of the esteem in which he is
had made away with it. As all investigations were
held by the world outside. It also exemplifies fruitless, Hidayet Effendi sent for a celebrated
the loyalty of the Jew to his brethren, whereby wonder-working Sheikh, who squatted down in the
the widow's son in the depths of poverty was
middle of the great entrance hall, where all the
freely accorded, through the years of his educa-
servants were assembled. I impatiently waited the
issue of events. At last the Sheikh, sitting cross-
tion, such aid as was possible from those only legged, produced from under his mantle à black
less poor than himself. After the customary cock, and holding it in his lap he invited all the
training of the orthodox son of Israel in the servants, each in turn, to come up to him, stroke
Scriptures and their commentaries, including
the cock softly, and straightway put his hand into
his pocket; then, said the Sheikh, the cock, without
an amount of learning by rote that must have
any more ado, will declare who is the thief by
had some effect in developing his extraordinary crowing. When all the servants had passed in turn
memory, his schooling fell into the hands of the before the Sheikh, and touched the cock, he told
Roman Catholic priests. The result was to
them all to hold out their hands. All hands were
black, with the exception of one, which had re-
leave him a pronounced skeptic in all that per- mained white, and whose owner was at once desig-
tains to revealed religion, and the following nated as the thief. The cock had been blackened
passage indicates his subsequent attitude: all over with coal dust, and as the thief, fearing de-
tection, had avoided touching him, his hand had
"As will appear from the following pages of this
remained white, and consequently his guilt was
work, it was for the most part religion, the product
declared. The servant received his punishment, and
of divine inspiration and the supposed means for
the Sheikh his reward.'
ennobling and raising mankind, which made me feel
the baseness of humanity most acutely; and from The autobiographer himself is occasionally
my cradle to my old age, in Europe as well as in lost in surprise at his own advancement, and
Asia, among those of the highest culture as well as
amid the crudest barbarism, I have found fanati.
the reader will share the feeling with him more
cism and narrow-mindedness, malice and injustice, than once. It is only a chapter or two from the
emanating mostly from the religious people, and scene just depicted, when he writes of his stay
always on behalf of religion!'
at Lord Houghton's country seat, after he had
Considered in the light of his real attain- been invited to England for the purpose of lec-
ments and solid contributions to the world's turing and attending to the publication of his
knowledge of its people and their spoken first book, the account running thus:
tongues, M. Vambéry's apologies for his lack “During one visit there I made the acquaintance
of a thorough grounding in the humanities of such celebrities Lord Lytton, afterwards
sound strange, and are likely to provoke the
Viceroy of India; the poet Algernon Swinburne,
who used to read to us passages of his yet unpub-
inquiry whether more learning of the ascer-
"Atalanta in Calydon," over which
tained sort would not have left him less able to the slender youth went into ecstasies; and last, but
make original contributions to the general
not least, of Burton, just returned from a mission
in the North-West of Africa. Burton - later Bir
store. It is made clear that he hit upon Turk-
Richard Burton was to spend his honeymoon under
ish as the field in which to exhibit his talents
the hospitable roof of the genial Lord Houghton.
for research because of its kinship to Hun- The company, amongst which Madame Mohì, the
garian; and when he had all that Europe could
wife of the celebrated Orientalist, Jules Mohl, spe-
give him, in his state of almost complete desti-
cially attracted my attention, had 'met here in honor
of Burton, the great traveller, and as he was the
tution, he embarked upon the journey to Con-
last to arrive, Lord Houghton planned the follow.
stantinople which colored the rest of his life. ing joke: I was to leave the drawing-room before
There he set about learning the cultivated Burton appeared with his young wife, hide behind
speech and literature, until he found himself,
one of the doors, and at a given sign recite the first
“Sura” of the Koran with correct Moslem intona-
within a comparatively short time, generally tion. I did as arranged. Burton went through every
accorded the position of an ' Effendi,' - that phase of surprise, and jumping up from his seat ex.
, is, a fully accredited Turk. His interest in claimed, “That is Vambéry!" although he had
the beginnings of the language led him into his
never seen or heard me before.'
expedition to the former home of the Othmans, M. Vambéry's story possesses an engaging
as
lished poem,


1905.]
269
THE DIAL
as
frankness, with an occasional bit of self-depre- The charity of the Jews in Europe and Amer-
ciation which has always some purpose in view. ica is described by Rabbi Morris M. Feuer-
For instance, he observes that his early training licht and Rabbi A. Hirschberg. The long
in Hungary was of the kind that prepared chapter on the United States is divided among
him for his experiences in the East, adding, several contributors: Professor C. J. Bushnell
"The difference between the condition of a poor
writes statistically of the causes and condi-
Jew-boy and a mendicant dervish in central Asia tions of social need, and of the extent, con-
is, after all, not very great. The cravings of hun. ditions, law, and administration of public re-
ger are not one whit easier to bear or less irksome
in cultured Europe than in the Steppes of Asia, and
lief in the various states; Miss Florence Ash-
the mental agony of the little Jew, despised and
craft describes the charitable work of socie-
mocked by the Christian world, is perhaps harder ties of women, the social settlements, and the
than the constant fear of being found out by fanat- Red Cross, and the work done for the pro-
ical Mohammedans.'
tection of children and youth; Dr. F. G.
The book is interesting in many ways, as the Cressey sketches the interesting social work
foregoing extracts show more plainly, perhaps, of the Salvation Army and the Volunteers of
than any comment makes possible. It sets America; and Professor Henderson fills in the
forth a long, industrious, and honorable career, gaps with sections on voluntary and ecclesias-
filled with achievement of no mean order and tical charity, indoor relief, the treatment of
not yet closed. Being interestingly told, and vagrants, medical relief, defectives, preven-
by one who learned to write in English late in tive measures (such free employment
life, there can be no good result from criticiz- bureaus, workingmen’s insurance, provident
ing its style. But it both needs and deserves an loans, and care of discharged prisoners and
index, in addition to the summary of previous their families), and cooperation of charitable
works from the same hand which is added as agencies through Charity Organization Socie-
an appendix.
WALLACE RICE.
ties, etc. The inclusion of paragraphs on city
play-grounds, industrial schools, and other edu-
cational efforts show that charity is conceived
as something more than almsgiving.
The value of this monographic work is
CHARITY ADMINISTRATION AT HOME vastly increased because it is inspired by a
AND ABROAD.*
common purpose, unified by a common plan,
In a substantial volume of seven hundred
and brought together in a single volume by an
closely-printed pages, Professor Charles R.
author-editor peculiarly well fitted for the
Henderson has brought together a valuable
task. Professor Henderson has a much more
series of papers on the administration of pub- practical knowledge of charitable matters than
lic and private charity in the principal coun-
most college professors have of the subjects
tries of the world. For thirty years, as the they teach; in him, indeed, the theoretical and
preface states, he has been engaged in collect-
the practical are almost ideally united. One
ing materials for this magnum opus, with the
is tempted to wish that he had somewhat mag-
assistance of students and other friends. As
nified his editorial function and supplied a
the inquiry extended beyond mere statutes and summary making clear the trend of modern
forms of organization to the actual workings philanthropic effort. But perhaps this is the
of the systems of poor-relief in various coun-
wish of the dilletante or of the book-reviewer
tries, the collection of information was a for-only; there is something to be said in favor
midable task. Professor Henderson himself of the old-fashioned plan of reading a book
writes of Germany, Switzerland, Sweden and through instead of merely skimming through
Norway, Italy, Scotland, Canada, and (with the introduction and conclusion, and those who
the collaboration of Professor E. C. Hayes)
read it should be able to draw their own gen-
Austria-Hungary; Dr. Charles A. Ellwood eralizations. Charity workers are apt to be
writes of public relief and private charity in busy people, but they will find this book well
England; Professor J. M. Gillette treats of worth reading through.
Ireland and Denmark; Dr. O. J. Price of
If this review is little more than a table of
India and Australasia; Professor Romanzo contents, it has at least supplied the most
Adams of Holland; Dr. Annie Marion Mac- conspicuous lack of the volume reviewed,
Lean of France; Mr. Eben Mumford of Bel-
whose table of contents is only a list of coun-
gium; and Dr. Hannah B. Clark of Russia.
tries. A somewhat more analytical list of top-
ics is needed to exhibit the richness and vari-
• MODERN METHODS OF CHARITY. An Account of the
Systems of Reliet, Public and Private, in the Principal
ety of the subject-matter and to make the
Countries Having Modern Methods. By Charles Rich- book useful for ready reference, although
mond Henderson, assisted by others. New York: The
Macmillan Co.
there is a fairly good index.
MAX WEST.


270
[April 16,
THE DIAL
>
a
RECENT BOOKS ON EDUCATION.*
significant facts. In such states as Indiana,
Michigan, North Carolina, and California, the
In no field of educational research has there characteristic events which show the individu-
been a larger crop of monographs during the ality of the system and its growth are entirely
last decade than in the department of American omitted.
omitted. Another objection that can justly be
education. Hitherto no available summary of urged applies to the title rather than the con-
this recent work was to be had. Now Dr. tents of Dr. Dexter's volume. In no sense is
Edwin Grant Dexter, of the University of Illi- it a history of education in the United States;
nois, comes forward to supply the need in a there is no unity, whole episodes in the history
volume of six hundred pages entitled ' A His- of education are absent as are also the majority
tory of Education in the United States.' His of the important personalities. A more accu-
purpose, as he explains it in his preface, is 'to rate title would have been ‘A Historical Ency-
supply the student a considerable mass of defi- clopædia of American Education.'
nite fact
rather than extended
The centenary of the inauguration of the
philosophical discussions of historical trend.'
movement for free public schools in the city of
With the exception of the first fifty pages, the New York has suggested the need of a general
method of treatment is exclusively topical ; each historical sketch of the system, and such a
state in the union is sketched briefly, sometimes
sketch has been written by Mr. A. Emerson
in less than a page. The body of the book con- Palmer, secretary of the New York school
sists of closely-written chapters on elementary board. The author describes his work as 'a
education, public secondary education, school fairly complete chronicle rather than a philo-
organization text books, colleges and universi- sophic history.' He thus parries the most seri-
ties, professional education, technical and agri- ous criticism that can be made, - namely,
cultural education, the preparation of teachers,
that the book treats only of surface events and
art and manual training, commercial education, that the significance of the events chronicled is
and the education of women, to mention only not shown. Mr. Palmer is well informed on
the most important topics. In these chapters his own subject, but he appears to know little
Dr. Dexter devotes a few paragraphs to the early or nothing of the development of other city
history, and then masses the facts showing the systems. The title-page inforins the reader
trend of present development. This portion that this history is authorized by the New York
of the work, particularly the handling of sta- board of education, which fact may account for
tistics, is skilfully done. Only the really sig. the somewhat gingerly discussion of several
nificant figures have been selected. Many of recent movements in organization. Not with-
the historical sketches of education in the dif- standing these limitations, the book meets a dis-
ferent states are weak and perfunctory; the tinct need, and every student of American edu-
amount of space is too limited, and frequently cation would welcome similarly comprehensive
two-thirds of the space is given over to an sketches of the growth of public education in
account of the first teacher and where the first
Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and other
school house was located, to the neglect of really centres of population.
* A HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES. Books treating of school supervision from the
By Edwin Grant Dexter, Ph.D.
formal or official side of systems and laws, have
been sufficiently numerous; a work, however,
Being a History of
Free Education in the City of New York. By A. Emerson describing the management of schools as they
Palmer, M.A.; with introduction by Seth Low, LL.D.
actually are managed, is something of a novelty.
Illustrated. New York: The Macmillan Co.
OUR SCHOOLS. Their Administration and Supervision.
This latter is the task that Superintendent Wil-
By William Estabrook Chancellor. Boston: D. C. Heath liam E. Chancellor, of Bloomfield, New Jersey,
has undertaken to perform in his recent volume,
NOTES ON GERMAN SCHOOLS, with Special Relation to
Curriculum and Methods of Teaching. By William H.
Our Schools, their Administration and Super-
Winch, M.A. New York: Longmans, Green & Co.
vision. The immediate aim of the author has
THE EDUCATION OF THE WAGE-EARNERS. A Contribu-
been to provide a manual of advice for teachers
tion toward the Educational Problem of Democracy.
Thomas Davidson; edited by Charles M. Bakewell. Boston: entering the profession of the school super-
tendency. Such topics as boards of education,
ROUTINE AND IDEALS. By Le Baron R. Briggs. Boston:
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
the superintendent, the principal, graded sys-
THE TREND IN HIGHER EDUCATION. By William Rainey
tems of schools, state systems, the private school,
Harper. University of Chicago Press.
the new education, and the educational policy
PERSONAL AND IDEAL ELEMENTS EDUCATION By
of the community are dealt with from the point
Henry Churchill King.
CHILDHOOD.
of view of the school administrator. An appen-
By George Allen Hubbell, Ph.D.
dix of more than fifty pages contains reprints
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
The Mac-
New York:
millan Co.
THE NEW YORK PUBLIC SCHOOL.
& Co.
G
Ву
Ginn & Co.
IN
New York: The Macmillan Co.
A Book for Parents and
UP THROUGH
Teachers.
of the blank forms necessary in the administra-
His Thinking, Feeling, and Doing. By
Amy Eliza Tanner. Chicago : Rand, McNally & Co. tion of city schools. As a guide to the novice,
New York:
THE CHILD.


1905.]
271
THE DIAL
on
a
the work will undoubtedly prove useful; but its cal labor, these students threw themselves into
greatest value is in an entirely different direc- the courses with surprising intellectual vigor
tion; as a study in social control, it is a master- and enthusiasm, which has been continued
piece. How boards of education are managed, through a series of years, even after the death
how public sentiment can be created and of the founder. This result is a striking con-
brought to bear them, when the firmation of one of the founder's theories, viz.,
superintendent should bold and when that the true students of the age are not found
not too bold, — these are the topics dealt in universities, largely supported by the idle
with by Mr. Chancellor in manner sons of the rich, but in the factories and work-
that might almost be described as fascinat- shops. The volume, which is edited by Mr.
ing. Part of the interest in these discussions Charles M. Bakewell, contains a brief biography
is due to the large number of specific cases and characterization of Professor Davidson by
which the author cites. Another source of the editor; two of the original lectures of the
strength, though of inferior importance, is course; the history of the movement, written
found in his acquaintance with modern eco- by Professor Davidson, together with his letters
nomics, sociology, and pedagogy. The book is to the class showing the underlying spirit of the
equally free from the patriotic gloss of the pro- movement.
fessional politician and the hysterics of the pro- A new volume of addresses or lay sermons
fessional reformer; it recognizes frankly the by Dean Briggs of Harvard follows the lines of
weak spots in our city systems and the difficul- his previous book, ‘School, College, and Char-
ties that confront the superintendent. Any one acter,' in its attitude toward fundamental col-
interested in knowing the schools as part of the lege problems. Its contents, however, are more
social machinery of the country will find the miscellaneous in character, containing as it
work profitable.
does the Harvard Phi Beta Kappa poem for
Inspector William H. Winch of the English 1903 and the address to the school children of
elementary schools endeavors to apply an exact Concord on the hundredth anniversary of the
standard of measurement to the intellectual birth of Emerson, as well as the addresses on
results accomplished in the schools of different college topics. Dean Briggs does not retract
countries. 'Notes on German Schools' is the his scepticism concerning modern methods in
title of his first work in this direction. The higher education, so well phrased in the title
volume, in the main, contains accurate and of one of his previous addresses, ‘Old Fash-
detailed descriptions of lessons observed by the ioned Doubts concerning New Fashioned Edu-
author in a four months' tour of inspection in cation.' He preaches the gospel of routine,
Germany. In the case of each lesson described, of complete mastery of the automatic side of
all the obtaining conditions (such as age of living, as a prime requisite in education. His
pupil, grade, number in class, preparation, and most inspiring chapters are those treating the
time devoted to that particular branch) are moral and social side of modern college life,
stated. The subjects covered in separate chap- where his wide experience lend weight and
ters are arithmetic, the language arts, history, insight to his words. He is also unusually for-
geography, modern languages, elementary | tunate in his illustrative stories. Admiration
science, drawing, physical exercises, and sing of the author's style should not blind the reader
ing. The resulting volume lacks the charm and to his essentially one-sided presentation of an
picturesque features of some American books on intricate subject. With a sure hand, the weak-
the same subject, but is a more useful and solid nesses arising from the elasticity and individu-
contribution for serious students.
alism of the newer methods in higher education
Critics who complain that in America philos- are laid bare, but nothing is said of the initia-
ophy is simply an academic luxury remote tion into scientific method, the intellectual
from the real interests of life should read maturity and philosophic spirit which these
Thomas Davidson's posthumous volume, The same methods have secured to the abler and
Education of the Wage-Earners, which con- more serious-minded students.
tains the record of a unique experiment among Twenty-three of the recent utterances of
the Russian Jews of New York City. As the President William R. Harper have been gath-
result of a challenge at the close of a lecture, ered into a volume called ' The Trend in Higher
Professor Davidson organized a class composed Education. The majority of the chapters,
almost exclusively of wage-earners from the including all those of importance, discuss either
tenement houses. With them, he successively college and university questions or religious and
studied the history of civilization, modern lit-theological education. The articles, with the
erature, and the history of philosophy. In exception of some brief occasional addresses,
spite of broken English, poor facilities for are vital and frank almost to the point
study, and the exhaustion from excessive physi- of bluntness, — there is no tendency to


272
[April 16,
THE DIAL
>
Mr. Gosse's
call a spade an agricultural implement entitled “The Child, his Thinking, Feeling,
At the same time, the treatment is fair, and Doing. The book is designed for the
and no attempt is made to criticize teacher and the mother. The author avoids
particular institution by insinuation. Dr.
insinuation. Dr. technical terms and speculative discussions;
Harper takes a vigorous and business-like facts in great abundance have been supplied,
attitude, modern but not radical, and his gen- together with bibliographies sufficiently com-
eral conclusions are likely to be more widely plete to confuse the average mother or teacher
accepted by the university men of the country who is not also a trained student. Inasmuch
than those of any other writer in recent years. as the majority of readers ignore bibliographies,
The strongest chapters are ‘Waste in Higher however, no great amount of damage will result.
Education, which should be sent to every board The arrangement of chapters lacks any psycho-
of regents or trustees in the country, 'How logical or logical basis. For normal or college
Shall the Theological Curriculum be Modified,' students who should have some groundwork in
and 'The Situation in the Small College.' The general psychology before studying child psy-
first chapter, ‘Democracy and Education,' does chology, Miss Tanner's book is inferior to that
not afford President Harper's preëminently of Dr. Kirkpatrick; for general readers it will
objective mind as good an opportunity to dis- prove more serviceable.
play itself to advantage as many of the later
HENRY DAVIDSON SHELDON.
themes. Some of the minor topics treated are
teachers, salaries, endowment of college
athletics, Latin versus science, coeducation, the
three years' course, and luxury among college
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
students.
Both President King of Oberlin, in his
Barely a decade has passed since
estimate of the death of Coventry Patmore,
volume entitled 'Personal and Ideal Elements
Patmore.
and already his work lies more in
in Education, and Dr. George A. Hubbell, in
shadow than that of any other well-known poet
his book called “Up through Childhood, of his generation. Mr. Edmund Gosse, writing of
endeavor to apply the results of modern Patmore in the series of 'Literary Lives' (Scrib-
psychology to moral and religious education. ner), prophesies that the shadow will soon pass .
President King writes for the scholar a con-
and that Patmore's reputation will grow steadily
servative interpretation of the results gained by
in the future until it reaches a position as secure,
men like Coe, Starbuck, and Leuba in their
if not as eminent, as that now held by Tennyson,
researches concerning the psychology of con-
Browning, and Matthew Arnold. Mr. Gosse's biog-
raphy is highly interesting; explaining much that
version and allied themes. If the basis of his
is mysterious in Patmore's poetry through the
careful and well-wrought argument is some- strange personality of the poet, the biographer
times wider than the application to concrete adds something of distinct value to the critical
problems, this apparent discrepancy is to be estimate. But his conclusions are at least open
accounted for by the form of the chapters, which to debate. As Mr. Gosse himself says, Patmore
were first delivered as papers before religious was the type of the moral and intellectual aristo-
conventions, where striking and concrete con-
crat; he arrogated to himself an independence of
clusions are urgently demanded. The volume
thought and action not in harmony with modern
contains President King's inaugural address,
theories of social welfare. Moreover, his ideals,
both personal and literary, were above his powers
another plea for the retention of the old-time of realization. The result of all this seems, to
college course.
Dr. Hubbell writes in a popu- an outsider unbiassed by personal admiration for
lar style for a much wider audience. His book Patmore, consistent with the facts as they are.
reads like a number of bright Y. M. C. A. talks Patmore is dead, and with him died the inspira-
strung together with some appearance of system.
tion of his presence, the impulse of his strong
It abounds in excellent stories and familiar and aggressive individuality, and the charm of
verse, and contains much eloquence. No better
his poetry. Patmore's poetry was Patmore trans-
book on religious pedagogy for the average Sun-
lated into verse, mystically simple, inconsistent,
incomplete. Even The Angel in the House' is
day school teacher has been written. It is
fragmentary, and great reputations are not built
readable, fearless in its discussion of present on fragments. If he is to be remembered it will
conditions, and embodies many of the typical be as the friend of great men, the early idol of the
ideas of the last decade.
Preraphaelites. He started thoroughly abreast of
Child study is rapidly emerging from the
his times, but he did not care to forge ahead
monographic period to a stage characterized by
with the rest, and was only angered when others.
insisted that the goal had not been reached. Still,
general summaries and interpretations. The
it is something to have been considered an enemy
latest venture in the latter direction is a vol-
worth fighting, and the records show a famous
ume written by Miss Amy Eliza Tanner, for- quarrel for almost every famous friendship. It
merly of the University of Chicago, and is almost impossible to consider Patmore's poetry


1905.]
273
THE DIAL
apart from Patmore. "The Azalea' is perfect, so collection of books, now available for general
are other little things and small parts of some consultation, that the name of Hannah's father
of the bigger things; then all is said.
is to-day held in honored remembrance, while it
is not twenty years since this library (with the
An efficient
A text-book has a possibility to
Philadelphia Library as a whole) was under the
text in
make or mar the student's interest
care of its donor's great-great-grandson, the late
Psychology.
in a particular section of the intel- Lloyd P. Smith. It was the latter's great-grand-
lectual domain second only to that of the teacher.
father, John Smith, who wooed and won the
And the requirements demanded of teacher and beautiful, virtuous, and accomplished Hannah
text alike are many, complex, and strenuous.
Logan; and the fortunate lover's diary, still pre-
Tact, insight, judgment, taste, and a nice feeling
served to the extent of three-quarters of its
for compromise amid the emphasis of the essen-
original bulk by the late librarian's sister, is now
tials, are all to be exercised without dogmatism,
drawn upon by Mr. Albert Cook Myers, the editor
without sacrifice of a helpful effort on the part of
of 'Sally Wister's Journal,' for a quaint and
the learner or of enthusiasm on the part of the
pleasing account of this old-time courtship. Intro-
teacher. The new-born change in the interpreta-
duction, footnotes, appendix, views, portraits,
tion of subject-matter and of the spirit of the
and facsimiles, all attest the antiquarian zeal
teacher has humanized and naturalized the text-
Mr. Myers has brought to the execution of his
book. No discipline has profited by, and in turn
task; and the result is a volume exceedingly
inspired, this consummation more than that of
attractive to students of our colonial history, and
psychology; and since James any one who issues
a dull or unreadable book on psychology does so
not unattractive to the general reader. The prom-
inence of the characters concerned - James Logan
at his peril. Besides readability, such a text
being at
should inspire effort and lead to effective absorp-
one time acting governor of Penn-
tion of new ideas. In this aspect its success de-
sylvania, and John Smith Assemblyman of the
pends upon system, point of view, and the sus-
same province and afterward King's Councillor
tained capacity of the author. In all these re-
of New Jersey — adds to the historic interest of
spects, and everywhere with distinctive success,
the diary. As a specimen of the diarist's style,
this brief notice shall close with his record of the
the volume recently issued by Professor J. R.
Angell passes a critical examination. The text
ceremony that made Hannah Logan his wife.
is readable, the doctrine sound, the teaching effect-
'The meeting was pretty full,' writes John Smith
ive. It achieves these merits by judicious se-
under date of 10th mo. 7th, 1748 (he and Han-
lections and omissions, by emphasis of the im-
nah were of course good orthodox Quakers), and
portant and a sufficient indication of the details
a solid good time. I felt in it a degree of the heart-
to make a life-like picture. The points of great-
tendring Love of God, which was a strength &
est emphasis are the importance of the functional,
Comfort. Sarah Morris & M. Lightfoot preach'd,
active, effective processes in the world of mind,
& J. Benezitt pray'd; then we solemnized our
the instructive sidelights that are obtained when
marriage in an awful and Intelligble manner.
we study such functions as a growth and note
Had our friends' Company, & the Entertainment.
how such processes came to be, and how differ-
for them was very agreeable.'
ently they are distributed in the varieties of
mental experience. The strength of the book is
The field of modern Irish history
Ireland in the
in the descriptions of the higher and more com- 17th century.
has long been permitted to lie fal-
plex forms of the mental product, those in which
low; only here and there, and par-
perception, memory, attention, and the formation ticularly where it directly touches the English
of concepts play the major part. The introduc- field, has much genuine work been done.
tory accounts of the source of the material upon Recently, however, Mr. C. Litton Falkiner, an
which the mind works, and of its relations with a enthusiastic student of the Irish past, has begun a
nervous system, while adequate, are for many pur- systematic study of the history of the whole
poses too condensed, and too summary to balance island, and, especially on the social and topograph-
well with the more adequate and congenial treat- ical side. In his earlier ‘Studies' he gives us a pic-
ment of what comes later. Yet in all, and for ture of Ireland in the eighteenth century; in his
the purposes of the general introductory course later work, ‘Illustrations of Irish History' (Long-
in our college psychology, the book has distinctly mans), he takes us back to the seventeenth. The
greater adaptiveness and promise of efficiency, book is in two parts: the first is a collection of
with fewer shortcomings, than almost any other papers — by-products of historical research'-
book that has recently been put forth to meet the dealing with various subjects, most of which,
needs of those young minds about to be ac- however, concern the early history of Dublin. To
quainted with the natural history of the mental the historical student these papers have distinct
life. (Holt.)
value; but the general reader will find them anye
To those at all familiar with the thing but inspiring. Of far greater importance
An old-time
courtship.
Philadelphia Library (the sub- and interest is the second part, which is a collec-
scription library founded by tion of source materials, descriptions of Ireland
Franklin and a few of his friends), which includes by officials and travellers who visited or lived in
also the famous Loganian Library, the diary of the country during the Stuart period. As the
'Hannah Logan's Courtship’ (Ferris & Leach) is greater part of these were written by royal offi- •
a document of very real and living interest; for cials, matters are naturally seen from the Eng-
it is chiefly by reason of James Logan's valuable lish point of view; and the narrators find much


274
[April 16,
THE DIAL
6
the Kaiser.
will
a
The worlds that
As soon
as he
One looks
in
vain
tions.
to censure, especially in popular customs and
A prejudiced
The Kaiser as He Is' (Putnam), a
religious observances. Nevertheless, taken together portrait of translation from the French of M.
they form a picture of Irish society in the six-
Henri de Noussanne by Mr. Walter
teenth century that is clear and vivid, though Littlefield, is the most recent book on the German
somewhat exaggerated and unsympathetic. The Emperor. The translator has, in general, done
editor's notes explanatory of Celtic terms and his work acceptably, though numerous misprints
obsolete place-names are all the reader can desire. and mistakes in capitalization are to be noted,
Some of the essays in Part I., such as those in and there are many minor errors of statement
which the author discusses the woods and the that might well have been corrected in the English
counties of Ireland, also give considerable help version. For example, the death of Frederick III.
toward a proper understanding of these contem- is mentioned as happening.at San Remo instead
porary accounts. It should be added that a large of Potsdam, and the assassination of President
part of this material, particularly certain chap- McKinley is connected with the inauguration of
ters of 'Fynes Moryson's Itinerary,' had lain in the Buffalo Exposition. The chief objection to
manuscript form till within the last few years, a the book is, however, the prejudice of the author.
few sections being printed in this work for the Not only does he start out with the assumption
first time. In publishing a book such as this, Mr.
that William II. is un malade, but every page con-
Falkiner does the cause of history a service; it is tradicts the translator's statement that his author
only to be regretted that he has found himself is ‘polite, gracious and free from malice' in his
unable to include a few extracts from writers presentation of facts and in his conclusions. No
more in sympathy with the Irish people and their better evidence of this, or indeed of the whole
struggles to maintain their nationality and their tone of the book, can be offered than a few sen-
faith.
tences from the final summing up.
It is well for the title of a book to
• William II. leave Germany unstable, divided,
poverty-stricken, nerveless and feeble.
people space.
give a fairly accurate idea of its
shall have disappeared, the fatality of his work of self-
contents. When one reads the advertising and noise will be revealed.
title, 'How to Know the Starry Heavens,' he
in his worls, examines their humour, their
must not be blamed if he infers that the work is
substance, their intelligence, their utility, their precision,
their good sense, and their intent. Only occasionally do
devoted to teaching a knowledge of the constella- we find gleams of almost human intelligence amid the
tions. But this book of Professor Edward Irving platitudinous commonplaceness of his incoherent declama-
is of quite a different nature. Dedicated to ‘All
This man is always on the surface of everything.
His brain is a void, and sadder yet, his heart is a
true citizens of the Great Cosmos and to all who
Sahara. Honour does not blossom there and there pity
wish to become such,' it aims to interest the gen- dies.'
eral reader in astronomical processes, and in But enough! If the work contains any grains
those results of astronomical research that most
of truth they are hid in an even larger measure of
compel the imagination and are associated with
chaff, and are as little worth the search as Shakė-
the widest and in some respects the wildest
speare regarded the reasons of Gratiano.
of theorizings. The author's chariot of imagina-
tion' carries the reader through the starry Breaking
The latest of the instructive vol-
realms, leads him to see in an humble rock-frag-
umes prepared by Mr. Frederick S.
ment something similar to the entire known uni- wilderness.
Dellenbaugh out of the memoirs
verse, and in turn to consider the latter as per- and anecdotes of our western frontier bears the
chance forming a fragment of some yet grander comprehensive title, ‘Breaking the Wilderness :
structure. The latest speculations about the
The Story of the Conquest of the Far West, from
Nebular Hypothesis are here exploited in con- the Wanderings of Cabeza de Vaca to the First
siderable detail, the discussion of the structure of Descent of the Colorado by Powell, and the Com-
matter embracing an admirably clear and suc- pletion of the Union Pacific Railway, with Par-
cinct account of various forms of radio-activity. ticular Account of the Exploits of Trappers and
Line cuts and photo-engravings abound, but are Traders' (Putnam). It affords curious verification
scarcely more picturesque than the language of of the economic interpretation of history, as
the author, which is usually interesting and genu- insisted upon by Marx and Engels, in assigning
inely informing. There are occasional lapses to the beaver and the quest for his valuable pelt
which offend the serious reader, when the author the first of the motives that led to the exploration
attempts undue jocoseness, or oversteps the of the western country to the northward, just as
boundaries of good taste in references to the the Spanish search for gold led to the entry of
Bible. His philosophical standpoint may be judged the white man upon the wilderness to the south.
by a quotation from page 205: 'We have come to Mr. Dellenbaugh's attitude toward the whites in
the conclusion that nothing exists apart from their relations to the Indian — called Amerind
matter and its energies. Mind, in the form of throughout the work – is all that rightminded-
desires and inclinations, exists not only through- ness and honest judgment demand. To have
out the animal and vegetable kingdoms, but like- cheated and imposed upon the red man, often-
wise in so-called dead matter. Even the mole- times in the merest wantonness, to have made
cules, atoms, and corpuscles have a kind of sensa- him drunken for the sake of cheating him the
tion and will.' On the whole, the book may be more readily, to have denied him ordinary
characterized as a fresh, up-to-date, and stimulat- humanity, and then to have cast all the odium
ing series of short essays on the worlds that peo- for his acts upon his evil and savage nature, is
ple space. (F. A. Stokes Co.)
to Mr. Dellenbaugh one of the arch-hypocrisies
-
the Western


1905.]
275
THE DIAL
a crime against Mexico, made worse rather than
better by the fact that its chief perpetrators
seemed to be unaware of their guilt.
of the Anglo-Saxon, and he does not scruple to
say so.
The greatest interest of the book will
probably be found to lie in the innumerable and
fully authenticated tales of trappers and traders
with which its pages abound; while the illus-
trations, generally from photographs, are truly
illustrative.
With the
Mr. Frederie Villiers, journalist and
Japanese at artist, has reprinted in an octavo
Port Arthur.
volume his letters to one of the
London newspapers, under the title, ‘Port Arthur:
Three Months with the Besiegers; A Diurnal of
Occurents' (Longmans). The book contains thir-
ty-five illustrations, about equally divided
between the author's sketches on the spot and
instantaneous photographs, with a map for the
better understanding of the narrative. The text
is brightly written, in a vein altogether cheerful,
in spite of serious discomforts borne with diffi-
culty. Mr. Villiers has nothing but praise for
Japan, its generals and soldiery, its inventiveness,
resourcefulness, and politeness; and Americans,
as deeply in sympathy with Japan as the British,
will not find the praise fulsome or misplaced.
Some share of the story is given up to other
correspondents, by way of affording a background
for the accounts of excursions and alarums which
make up its bulk, and the result is an intimate
little picture of the life of newspaper men at
the front. The volume will add, though not
greatly, to our knowledge of a war that prom-
ises to mark a new epoch in the world's history.
and the
The popular interest that has been
Furniture of
the ancients.
awakened of late years in the furni-
ture of the past by a number of
sumptuous volumes upon the subject, is not likely
to be gratified by the work just issued under the
title, "Studies in Ancient Furniture' (University
of Chicago Press), by Miss Caroline L. Ransom;
for the subtitle, "Couches and Beds of the
Greeks, Etruscans, and Romans,' limits the sub-
ject-matter both as to the kind of furniture dealt
with and as to the ancient peoples among whom
the observations recorded have been made. From
all that we can learn of the beds and couches of
the Greeks, Etruscans, and Romans, they were
neither beautiful to look at nor comfortable to lie
upon. Miss Ransom's book is not intended for
popular reading. It is a slightly expanded col-
lege thesis, and a scholarly contribution to the
archæology of furniture. No phase of the subject
is overlooked, and the studies include valuable
chapters upon materials, technique, ornament,
furnishings, forms, and styles of the beds of the
different periods, which seem to be exhaustive as
to the literary and monumental sources of our
information. The results are presented in a man-
ner which, though not entertaining to the general
reader, will prove highly instructive to the stu-
dent of archæology. The book is amply illus-
trated, and well provided with marginal titles,
tables, notes, a discussion of the plates, indexes,
and other supplementary aids to the student in
pursuit of knowledge regarding ancient dormitory
furniture.
The beginnings The Conquest of the Southwest,
of expansion the Story of a Great Spoliation'
by spoliation.
(Appleton) is Mr. Cyrus Townsend
Brady's contribution to the 'Expansion of the
Republic series; and an interesting book he has
made of it. It deals with the status of the mag-
nificent sweep of territory comprised in the
Southwestern States and Territories, and in Cali-
fornia, before the secession of Texas, with the
settlement by Americans of that territory, their
conflicts with the Mexican authorities, their war
of independence, with annexation, and with the
war with Mexico and the subsequent Gadsden
Purchase. It is written simply and effectively,
and with less elaboration of detail than previous
works from the same hand. The restraint shown
in describing the victories of the Americans over
the Mexicans, for example, adds greatly to the
effectiveness of the volume; and Mr. Brady's atti-
tude toward the ethical questions involved in the
conquest is well indicated by the use of the word
spoliation' in his sub-title. A word might have
been said about the evil precedent then estab-
lished for policies still at work in the Philip-
pines; but no doubt is left in the mind of the
reader that the American nation was guilty of
The Hon. John W. Foster has pre-
Arbitration
pared a compend on 'Arbitration
Hague Court.
and the Hague Court' (Houghton),
in response to a resolution of the Mohonk Arbi-
tration Conference, of which he is president.
The result is a slender volume, printed in
large type, in which the facts leading up to the
establishment of the Hague tribunal are set
forth in broad lines, and with it all that has been
accomplished since its institution in the way of
practical arbitrament. An appendix contains the
statutes ordained by the Hague Conference of
1899, the resolutions of the Interparliamentary
Union at St. Louis, specimen treaties effected
under the influence of the movement, and several
other matters. To those unfamiliar with the
entirely practical aspect assumed by this board
for the settler nt of international differences,
this crystalization of the spirit of Christianity in
international law, the book will be a revelation.
It should have an educational effect of the highest
value on the attitude of the American people
toward a principle they have done so much to
cherish, and should react upon the Senate of the
nation,
A minor The unsuccessful attempt of Gen-
episode of eral Anthony Wayne, in 1780, to
the Revolution. dislodge a band of Loyalists, en-
gaged in cutting fire-wood on the height at Bulls
Ferry, opposite New York City, was one of the
minor events of the Revolutionary War. Diverted
from his true purpose of dislodging the wood-
cutters from the small block-house in which they
had taken refuge, Wayne had to content himself
with collecting the cattle, sheep, and hogs, found
on the way, with which to feed the army. This


276
[April 16,
THE DIAL
Is The G. W. Dillingham Co. republish Dr. Craven's
>
troversy.
6
aspect of the foray led Major Andrè to write the
NOTES.
famous poem on ‘The Cow Chace,' ending, -
And now I've closed my epic strain;
The very interesting anonymous Confessions of
I tremble as I show it,
a Publisher,' which have been appearing recently in
Lest this same warrior-drover Wayne
the Boston “Transcript,' will be published in book
Should ever catch the poet.'
form this month by Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co.
An exhaustive essay on the expedition, written
'The Etiquette of Correspondence,' published by
by the late Clarke H. Winfield, is presented to the A. Wessels Co., and prepared by Miss Helen E.
the public (New York: William Abbatt), with of- Gavit, has just been issued in a second edition,
ficial dispatches and some valuable photographic revised and enlarged.
reproductions of original material. It deserves a Mechanism,' by Professor S. Dunkerley, is a com-
place in every collection of Americana, and espe- prehensive text-book on the kinematics of machines,
cially those relating to the American Revolution. prepared for technical colleges, and published by
Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co.
The John Crerar Library, Chicago, has just pub-
lished 'A List of Cyclopedias and Dictionaries, with
a List of Directories,' now contained in that collec-
BRIEFER MENTION.
tion. The work extends to nearly three hundred
A volume of ‘Dramatic Episodes,' by Miss
Marjorie Benton Cooke, is sent us by the Dramatic
Publishing Co., Chicago. The success of Miss Prison Life of Jefferson Davis,' a work of consid-
Cooke's previous volume, ‘Modern Monologues,' has
erable historical interest, for which the demand has
been such as to justify the preparation of the
recently been renewed by the revival of an old con-
present work, which contains ten pieces, each in
a single scene, dealing mostly with the fashions or * The Drink Problem in Modern Life,' by Bishop
the humors of present-day life.
Henry C. Potter, and “The Personality of God,' by
The Official Report of the Thirteenth Universal
the Rev. Lyman Abbott, are two additions to the
Peace Congress,' held in Boston last October, has
'What Is Worth While' series of Messrs. Thomas Y.
Crowell & Co.
just been published by the Committee intrusted
with that function, and makes a volume of three "The First Principles of Pianoforte Playing,' by
hundred and fifty pages. It contains the full pro- Professor Tobias Matthay, is an extract from the
ceedings of the various sessions, besides lists of author's 'The Act of Touch,' with two extra chap-
members and delegates. It is a work of deep inter- ters, now published in a separate volume for the
est to all having at heart the cause of civilization. use of schools by Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co.
Professor Albert S. Cook, as editor of the “Yale Simultaneously with the publication of Mr. and
Studies in English,' seems to have formed a definite Mrs. Williamson's “The Princess Passes,' Messrs.
plan to produce a new edition of Ben Jonson's Henry Holt & Co. issue a new uniform edition of the
plays, in the guise of a series of doctoral disserta- earlier book by the same authors, the popular
tions by his advanced students. • The Alchemist' | 'Lightning Conductor,' illustrated from photographs
and 'Bartholomew Fair' have already been given of the scenes described in the story.
us in this form, and two more volumes are now at Dodge's Advanced Geography,' by Professor
hand. Dr. De Winter has edited The Staple of Richard Elwood Dodge, is published by Messrs.
News,' and Dr. Herbert S. Mallory The Poetaster? Rand, McNally & Co. It is a work of over three
for this series. Each monograph is a volume of
hundred pages, not unwieldy in form, and consists
nearly three hundred pages, presenting a critical
of two parts, “The Principles of Geography' and
text, with the accompaniment of elaborate notes, a
"Comparative Geography of the Continents.'
glossary, and an introduction. The plan thus not-
"The Historical Development of the Poor Law of
ably inaugurated by Professor Cook may well be
recommended to other instructors in other universi-
Connecticut,' by Dr. Edward Warren Capen, is one
of the Columbia 'Studies in History, Economics,
ties. It seems to offer a solution of the problem of
and Public Law.' It is a pamphlet of portentous
making the doctoral thesis a work of more than
merely academic interest and usefulness.
thickness (over five hundred pages), and is pub-
lished for the University by the Macmillan Co.
The ‘Belles-Lettres Series' of Messrs. D. C. Heath
Those who are afflicted with the mania of ances-
& Co., which we described at the time of its incep-
tion, is now making substantial progress. Two
tor-hunting will welcome a little book by Mr. Frank
volumes in the dramatic section were published a
Allaben, called "Concerning Genealogies,' and
year ago, and to this section there are now added
published at the Grafton Press. It is a volume of
practical suggestions, pleasantly worded, and
volumes of Webster and Browning. The former
includes The White Devil' and The Duchess of
embodies the results of much experience in the
work.
Malfy,' edited by Prof. Martin W. Sampson, while
the latter gives us 'A Blot on the 'Scutcheon,' Parts 2, 3, and 4 of the Classified Catalogue of
* Colombe's Birthday,' 'A Soul's Tragedy,' and 'In
the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh have for their
a Balcony,' edited by Prof. Arlo Bates. Mr. respective subjects Philosophy and Religion, Soci-
Andrew J. George's edition of Coleridge (published
ology and Philology, and Natural Science and Use-
in 1902) has been fitted into the section of the ful Arts. Each is a fairly thick volume, made valua-
series devoted to nineteenth-century poets. Finally,
ble for reference by classification, annotation, and
for the Old English section, Prof. James W. Bright
an index.
has edited, in two volumes, the Gospels of Matthew Four volumes recently added to Macmillan's
and John, from the West-Saxon manuscripts. All ‘Pocket English Classics' series include abridg-
these books have introductions, notes, bibliographies, ments of the translation of Homer's Odyssey by
and carefully-collated texts, and give us great con- Messrs. Butcher and Lang, and of the Iliad by
fidence in the ultimate value of this important edu- Messrs. Lang, Leaf, and Myers; a condensed reprint
cational series.
of · Alice in Wonderland,' with Tenniel's drawings;
6
6


1905.]
277
THE DIAL
an
6
a
and Hawthorne's 'Wonder Book.' This little series,
carefully edited, well printed, and inexpensive in
price, should find a much wider field than the class-
room for which it is particularly designed.
Mr. J. P. Dunn, Jr.'s volume on Indiana, in the
* American Commonwealths' series, has been reissued
by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. in a new and
enlarged edition, bringing the history down to date.
The original text has undergone few changes, hav-
ing borne the charge of criticism without suffering
any very serious damage.
Early Dutch and English Voyages to Spitzbergen
in the Seventeenth Century,' edited by Sir W. Mar-
tin Conway, is Volume XI, of the second series of
the publications of the Hakluyt Society. It in-
cludes the narrations of Gerritsz and Segersz, now
first translated into English, as well as other lesser
but pertinent documents.
Messrs. Ginn & Co. publish a' 'Syllabus of Cos-
tinental European History from the Fall of Rome
to 1870,' prepared by Prof. Oliver Huntington
Richardson, in collaboration with Messrs. Guy
Stanton Ford and Edward Lewis Durfee. Seventy-
eight lectures are outlined, and the alternate leaves
of the book are left blank for notes,
The Jewish Publication Society of America have
issued a small volume of Legends and Tales in
Prose and Verse,' compiled by Miss Isabel E. Cohen.
The sources of this material range all the way from
Apocrypha and Talmud to the writings of modern
English and American poets, forming a variety of
pleasant and instructive reading for the young.
'Les Classiques Francais' is new series of
charming little books with the Dent imprint, pub-
lished in this country by the Messrs. Putnam. The
first two volumes issued are 'Contes Choisis' by
Balzac, prefaced by M. Bourget, and a volume
containing Chateaubriand's 'Atala,' “René,' and 'Le
Dernier Abencérage,' prefaced by the Vicomte de
Vogüé.
Professor A. S. Cook, of Yale, has edited for the
Oxford University Press “The Dream of the Rood,'
an Old English Poem attributed to Cynewulf, and
the little book will be ready shortly. The MS. was
discovered in 1822 in the Chapter Library of the
Cathedral of Vercelli, where it still remains. Pro-
fessor Cook discusses and dismisses the theory of
Caedmon's authorship.
Under the title of "The Life and Nature Series'
Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co. have in preparation an
attractive library of supplementary school reading,
selected, edited, and arranged by Mr. Charles
Welsh. The first two volumes, to be published this
spring, will inelude “The Bee People' by Miss Mar-
garet W. Morley, and ‘Lady Lee and Other Animal
Stories' by Hermon Lee Ensign.
The following books, hitherto published else-
where, have been added to the list of Messrs. Fox,
Duffield & Co.: “The Case of Russia,' a composite
view by Alfred Rambaud, Vladimir Simkovitch, J.
Novicoff, Peter Roberts, and Isaac Hourwich;
‘Zionism,' by Max Mordau; "The Little Kingdom
of Home,' by Mrs. Margaret E. Sangster; and “Ten
Girls from Dickens,' by Kate Dickinson Sweetser.
A volume of 'Specimens of the Elizabethan
Drama from Lyly to Shirley' (1580-1642) is about
to be issued from the Oxford University Press.
Nearly a hundred typical and representative scenes,
complete in themselves, have been selected by Mr.
W. H. Williams, now Professor of English Litera-
ture in the University of Tasmania. A short appre-
ciation is prefixed to each section, notes being
added.
new
The Messrs. Scribner are the American importers
of the new edition (the fifth) of 'A History of
Architecture on the Comparative Method,' by Ban-
ister Fletcher. The revision is by Mr. Banister F.
Fletcher, the son of the author. This handsome
volume of seven hundred pages and two thousand
illustrations is a veritable encyclopædia of its sub-
ject, and presents in compact form immense
amount of information.
To the Oxford Modern French Series' of texts,
published by the Oxford Clarendon Press, have just
been added: ‘Les Normands en Angleterre et en
France,' extracted from Thierry, and edited by Mr.
A. H. Smith; also Jules David's ‘Le Serment,'
edited by Miss Cécile Hugon. Mr. W. R. Jenkins
sends us texts of 'L'Abbé Daniel,' by André Theu-
riet, edited by Mr. C. Fontaine, and Scribe's 'Le
Verre d'Eau,' edited by Professor F. G. G. Schmidt.
From Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co. we have Theodor
Storm ’s ‘Geschichten aus der Tonne,' edited by Pro-
fessor Frank Vogel, and “The Story of Cupid and
Psyche,' arranged by Miss H. A. Guerber for
translation into French.
In addition to the books that they have issued
during the past two months, Messrs. G. P. Putnam's
Sons' spring announcement list includes the follow-
ing: "The Romance of Victor Hugo and Juliette
Drouet,' by Mr. Henry Wellington Wack; "The St.
Lawrence River: Historical, Legendary, Pictur-
esque,' by Mr. George Waldo Browne; "Talks in a
Library with Laurence Hutton,' recorded by Miss
Isabel Moore; “Chinese Life in Town and Country,'
by Mr. E. Bard; a volume on Montaigne, in the
series of 'French Classics for English Readers'; St.
Pierre's 'Paul et Virginie,' in ‘Les Classiques Fran-
çais' series; a reprint of Freethinking and Plain
Speaking,' in the edition of Sir Leslie
Stephen's essays; two new volumes, covering the
period from the beginning to 1272, in Mr. C. W. C.
Oman's History of England; “Mohammed and the
Rise of Islam,' by Mr. D. S. Margoliouth, in the
Heroes of the Nations' series; a life of John Knox,
by Dr. Henry Cowan, in the ‘Heroes of the Reforma-
tion' series; Mr. Dudley Heath's monograph on
Miniatures, in “The Connoisseur's Library'; 'Love
Alone Is Lord,' by Mr. F. Frankfort Moore; The
Digit of the Moon, and Other Love Stories from the
East'; and the anonymous novel, ‘Our Best Society.'
In addition to the books included in their Spring
Announcement List, the Macmillan Co. will issue
the following volumes before or during June: “The
Game: A Transcript from Life,' Mr. Jack London's
new novel; The Toll of the Bush,' a tale of New
Zealand life, by Mr. William Satchell; “The House
of Cards,' by Major John Heigh; 'Sturmsee,' by
the author of 'Calmire'; 'China in Law and Com-
merce,' by Mr. T. R. Jernigan; “Readings in De-
scriptive and Historical Sociology,' by Professor
Franklin H. Giddings; 'Primitive Traits in Relig.
ious Revivals: A Study in Mental and Social Evo-
lution,' by Professor Frederick Morgan Davenport;
"The War of the Classes,' by Mr. Jack London;
"The Freedom of Authority,' by Professor J. Mac-
bride Sterrett; “Outlines of Christian Apologetics,'
by Professor Hermann Schultz, translated by Pro-
fessor Alfred B. Nichols; "The Polariscope in the
Chemical Laboratory,' by Professor George W.
Rolfe; 'The Educative Process,' by Mr. W.
C. Bagley; 'Fenris, the Wolf: A Tragedy,'
by Mr. Percy Mackaye; ‘How to Write: A
Handbook Based the English Bible,' by
Professor Charles Sears Baldwin; and (The
Metaphysics of Nature,' by Professor Carveth Read,
of University College, London.
6
6
on


278
[April 16,
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 114 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
BOOKS OF VERSE.
ODES AND ELEGIES. By Clinton Scollard. Large 8vo,
uncut, PP.
64. Clinton, New York: George W.
Browning. $1.25 net.
SELENE. By Amélie Rives (Princess Troubetzkoy).
12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 89. Harper & Brothers.
$1.20 net.
THE FIRST WARDENS. By William J. Neidig. 16mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 99. Macmillan Co. $1. net.
THE NINTH PARADISE : Life-Verses, New and old. By
James H. West. 18mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 212.
Privately printed. $1. net.
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF ANDREW DICKSON WHITE. In 2 vols.,
with photogravure portraits, large 8vo, gilt tops,
uncut. Century Co. $7.50 net.
THE LIFE OF THE MARQUIS OF DUFFERIN AND AVA. By
Sir Alfred Lyall, P.C. In 2 vols., illus. in photo-
gravure, etc., large 8vo, gilt tops. Charles Scrib-
ner's Sons. $7.50 net.
ITALIAN LETTERS OF A DIPLOMAT'S WIFE. By Mary King
Waddington. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 324. Charles
Scribner's Sons. $2.50 net.
THE NAVY AS I HAVE KNOWN IT, 1849-1899. By Admiral
Hon. Sir E. R. Fremantle, G.C.B. With
photo-
gravure portrait, large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 472. Cas-
sell & Co. $5. net.
HARM JAN HUIDEKOPER. By Nina Moore Tiffany and
Francis Tiffany. Illus. in photogravure, etc., large
8vo, gilt top, pp. 386. Boston: W. B. Clarke Co.
FIFTY YEARS OF PUBLIC SERVICE. By Major Arthur
Griffiths. With photogravure portrait, large 8vo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 426. Cassell & Co. $5. net.
THOMAS H. BENTON. By Joseph M. Rogers.
With por-
trait, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 361. George W. Jacobs &
Co. $1.25 net.
MY MAMIE ROSE: The Story of My Regeneration. By
Owen Kildare. New edition ; illus., 12mo, pp. 303.
Baker & Taylor Co. $1.
&
By
FICTION.
CONSTANCE TRESCOT. By S. Weir Mitchell. 12mo, pp.
384. Century Co. $1.50.
THE DRYAD. By Justin Huntly McCarthy. 12mo, pp.
314. Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
THE PRINCESS PASSES : A Romance of Motor-Car.
HISTORY.
WHAT
IS HISTORY? Five Lectures on the Modern
Science of History. By Karl Lamprecht, Ph.D.;
trans. from the German by E. A. Andrews. 12mo,
gilt top, pp. 227. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
THE COMING OF PARLIAMENT : England from 1350 to
1660. By L. Cecil Jane. Illus., 12mo, pp. 406.
Story of the Nations.' G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.35
net.
THE UNITED STATES : A History of Three Centuries,
1607-1904. By William Estabrook Chancellor and
Fletcher Willis Hewes. Part II., Colonial Union,
1698-1774. Illus. in photogravure, etc., large 8vo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 539. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3.50
net.
HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, from 986 to 1905.
By C. N. and A. M. Williamson. Illus., 12mo, pp. 369.
Henry Holt & Co. $1.50.
SHINING FERRY. By A. T. Quiller-Couch. 12mo, pp.
405. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
THE PIONEER : A Tale of Two States. By Geraldine
Bonner. Illus., 12mo, pp. 392. Bobbs-Merrill Co.
$1.50.
THE CANDIDATE : A Political Romance. By Joseph A.
Altsheler. 12mo, pp. 429. Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
BROTHERS. By Horace A. Vachell. Illus., 12mo, pp.
415. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
BELCHAMBER. By Howard Overing Sturgis. 12mo, pp.
360. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
THE OUTLET. By Andy Adams. Illus., 12mo, pp. 371.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50.
A PRINCE OF LOVERS : A Romance. By Sir William
Magnay, Bart. Illus., 12mo, pp. 326. Little, Brown
& Co. $1.50.
THE MATRIMONIAL BUREAU. By Carolyn Wells and Harry
Persons Taber, Illus., 12mo, pp. 282. Houghton,
Mifllin & Co. $1.50.
THE VERDICT OF THE Gods. By Sarath Kumar Ghosh.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 307. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
THE INDIFFERENCE OF JULIET. By Grace S. Richmond.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 307. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.50.
THE BLACK MOTOR CAR. By Harris Burland. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 339. G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.50.
A MADCAP CRUISE. By Oric Bates. 12mo, pp.
329.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50.
ART THOU THE MAN? By Guy Berton. Illus., 12mo,
Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
THE LODESTAR. By Sidney R. Kennedy. Illus., 12mo,
gilt top, pp. 335. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
THE WAY OF THE NORTH : A Romance of the Days of
Baranof. Ву Warren Cheney. 12mo, pp. 320.
Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.50.
THE DIGRESSIONS OF POLLY. By Helen Rowland. Illus.
in color, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 262. Baker &
Taylor Co. $1.50.
REUBEN LARKMEAD: A Story of Worldlings. By Edward
W. Townsend. Ilus., 12mo, pp. 205. G. W. Dilling-
ham Co. $1.25.
A SELF-MADE MAN'S WIFE: Her Letters to her Son ;
being the Woman's View of Certain Famous Corre-
spondence. By Charles Eustace Merriman. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 249. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
THE LIGHTNING CONDUCTOR : The Strange Adventures of
a Motor-Car By C. N. and A. M. Williamson.
Revised, enlarged, and illustrated edition. 12mo, pp.
344, Henry Holt & Co. $1.50.
THE HEART OF THE WORLD: A Story of Christian Social-
ism. By Charles M. Sheldon. 12mo, pp. 265. F. H.
Revell Co. $1.25.
WHEN LOVE IS KING. By Margaret Doyle Jackson.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 352. G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.50.
AN AMERICAN ABELARD AND HELOISE : A Love Story. By
Mary Ives Todd. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 337. Graf-
ton Press. $1.50.
DOLLY WINTER : The Letters of a Friend which Joseph
Harald is Permitted to Publish. 12mo, gilt top, pp.
205. James Pott & Co. $1.25.
Two of THE GUESTS. By Kate Gertrude Prindiville.
16mo, gilt top, pp. 217. James Pott & Co. $1.25.
THE HOUSE THAT JACK BUILT. By Wesley Johnston.
12mo, pp. 253. Eaton & Mains. 75 cts. net.
Thomas Wentworth Higginson and William Macdon-
ald. Illus., 8vo, pp. 638. Harper & Brothers. $2.
THE PHILOSOPHERS AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. By
P.
A. Waddia. 12mo, uncut, pp. 131. Charles
Scribner's Sons. $1.
REVIEW OF HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO CAN-
ADA for the Year 1904. Edited by George M. Wrong
and H. H. Langton. 4to, uncut, pp. 240. Published
by
the
Librarian of the University of Toronto
Paper.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
ESSAYS IN PURITANISM. Ву Andrew Macphail. 8vo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 339. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
$1.50 net.
ICONOCLASTS: A Book of Dramatists. By James Hune-
ker. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 429. Charles Scrib-
ner's Sons. $1.50 net.
THE PLAN AND SCOPE OF A VIRGIL LEXICON. With speci-
men articles. By Monroe Nichols Wetmore, Ph.D.
Large 8vo, pp. 128. New Haven, Conn. : Published
by the author. Paper.
pp. 288.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
CAXTON THIN PAPER CLASSICS. New vols.: Homer's
Odyssey and Shorter Poems, Chapman's transla-
tion; Homer's Iliads, Chapman's translation; Plays
and Poems of Ben Jonson; Autobiography of Ben-
venuto Cellini, trans. by Thomas Roscoe; Poems of
Coleridge, edited by Professor Knight. Each with
photogravure portrait, 18mo, gilt top. Charles Scrib-
ner's Sons. Per vol., leather, $1.25 net.
THE SONNETS OF MICHAEL ANGELO BUONARROTI. Now
for the first time translated into rhymed English, by
John Addington Symonds. Second edition, with pho-
togravure portrait, 12mo, uncut, pp. 103. Charles
Seribner's Sons. $1.25 net.
RESOLUTION AND INDEPENDENCE. By William Wordsworth;
illus. by Donald Maxwell. 24mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 40.
Flowers of Parnassus.' John Lane. 50 cts. net.
THE MAN WITHOUT A COUNTRY, By Edward E. Hale.
' National edition; with new introduction and notes
by the author. Illus., 18mo, pp. 48. Little, Brown
& Co. 35 cts,
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION,
THROUGH TOWN AND JUNGLE: Fourteen Thousand Miles
A-Wheel among the Temples and People of the Indian
Plain. By William
Hunter Workman, M.A., and
Fanny Bullock Workman. Illus., 4to, gilt top, pp.
380. Charles Scribner's Sons. $4.50 net.


1905.]
279
THE DIAL
THE OTHER SIDE OF THE LANTERN: An Account of a
Commonplace Tour round the World. By Sir Fred-
erick Treves, Bart. Illus, in photogravure, etc., large
8vo, PP. 419. Cassell & Co. $5.
THE BURDEN OF THE BALKANS. By M. Edith Durham.
Illus., large 8vo, uncut, pp. 331. Longmans, Green
& Co. $4. net.
THROUGH ISLE AND EMPIRE. By the Vicomte Robert
D'Humières; trans. by Alexander Teixeira de Mat-
tos; with prefatory letter by Rudyard Kipling. 12mo,
Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.40 net.
VENICE as Seen and Described by Famous Writers.
Edited and translated by Esther Singleton. Illus.,
8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 372. Dodd, Mead & Co.
$1.60 net.
LONDON AND ITS ENVIRONS : Handbook for Travellers.
By Karl Baedeker. Fourteenth revised edition. With
maps and plans, 18mo, pp. 525. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.80 net.
AN AMERICAN GIRL IN MUNICH: Impressions of a Music
Student. By Mabel W. Daniels. 12mo, pp. 286. Lit-
tle, Brown & Co. $1.25.
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