not
artist may hold himself free from rules; but
then take warning and accept after all the not so, with impunity, the critic. Mr. Wood-
definition formulated by recent critics? Can berry comes close to Mr. Brownell when he
we re-create, however, and re-create the work declares that “we who find in the merely hu-
of art as it was in the mind of the original
man world no guide so safe as reason, look to
artist”? To re-create not a vision of our
criticism to declare the judgment of reason on
own” but the identical vision in the mind of the intellectual and moral values of art." Nor
the artist of the past is to enter the realms of is art itself, as is so often averred, mere sense-
history. Despite the universal qualities which perceiving; but it gathers into its energy the
we may readily perceive, there are “local and whole play of personality, and is a power of
temporal associations” which require a most
the total soul." Reason aids in its fashioning.
complete absorption to re-create in their integ- “It is a rationalized and spiritualized world, the
rity. In fact, you cannot re-create from any world that ought to be, an ideal world, though
point of view (for all the hopes of recent found only fragmentarily in any individual or
period or country. Art is not a spontaneous gen-
*Two PHASES OF CRITICISM, HISTORICAL AND ÆSTHETIC.
By George Edward Woodberry. Limited edition. Published
eration and geyser, as it were, of the senses at play
for the Woodberry Society.
in their world of mere phenomena; but it is a
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1915)
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“ The
world-creator, the maker of a new and complete temporary part which historical criticism pre-
world, one not superficial and momentary merely, serves”? Yes. Æsthetic criticism may try to
but a world with meaning, loaded with all the sig; re-create “the image before us apart from any
nificance that man has found in his spiritual life.”
attempt to realize what was in the artist's
Hence the permanence of great art, even mind, or with only a passing reference to
though it may happen that the artist himself
that." Expression, " the nucleus of the artist's
be no thinker but rather one who expresses
power,” is “the process of externalizing what
half unrealizingly the vision of a community. was in the artist's mind, in some object of
He may not speak as some others do, in
sense which shall convey it to others.'
abstractions; but he utters what is neverthe-
natural object .. is enveloped in his feeling,”
less “intellectual and moral truth, spiritual his personality, which is immaterial. Sugges
truth."
tion, half-lights, the inexpressible, play about
“ The prime contrast between art and nature [is] a work of art. “In so far as a work of art is a
... an opposition of freedom to necessity, of the
thing of nature, it can be expressed materially
soul to the body, of spirituality to materialism.
with the more adequacy; in so far as it is a
Art is the soul's confession. I should be ill-content
if works of art, taken individually, yielded to the
thing of spirit, of personality, it is less subject
critic only a momentary experience of the senses
to complete and certain expression; and in all
and feelings, as if they were merely disparate
art there are these two elements." No two
objects of nature. I desire to know their meanings people can realize this play of spirit in exactly
to the soul; and that intellectual and moral ele- the same way.
“Rifts of temperament and
ments enter into their meaning, and that without varieties of expression between artist and spec-
the coöperation of the reason they are incompletely tator make chasms of misunderstanding and
known, seems to me plain. . . Each school, each
misappreciation." "Every reader thinks that
age, each race has its own art, often highly indi-
he is Hamlet.” To make every reader think
vidualized and peculiar to itself. . . The diversity
of art not only makes interpretation necessary to
so is to be a genius, a universal writer.
its understanding, but also renders judgment of its
“Whence arises this paradox, so common in
It
value, intellectual, moral, technical, very useful, art, of infinite diversity in identity?
both in guiding the mind in its choice and in estab- comes from the fact that, so far from realiz-
lishing the relative place that any particular artist ing the image as it was in the artist's mind
or art period has in the whole field. . . Contempla- and receiving it charged with his personality
tion without judgment is a barren attitude, though merely, it is we ourselves who create the image
judgment need not confine itself to comparing by charging it with our own personality.”
greater and lesser."
“It is one of the charms of art that it is not
The revolt against such criticism springs prob- to be completely understood. In an age in
ably from “a discontent with that immersion which so high a value is put upon facts, in-
in the dead past of knowledge which is often formation, positive knowledge, it is a relief to
the scholar's lot, and from a desire to confine have still reserved to us a place apart where
our interest in art within those limits where
it is not necessary to know all.” The truth of
art is alive.” With this we may sympathize.
art grows ever with time “more rich in signifi-
But many of these hardships are inevitable.
cance, more profound in substance, disclosing
Let us not, like the futurists, consider the past heaven over heaven and depth under depth."
as merely in the way. Even “in realizing the The greatest books grow old with us. So it is
dead selves of mankind, the soul accumulates
that great artists become lifelong studies. Our
power, breadth of outlook, tolerance and espe-
powers of appreciation vary, and our way is
cially, I think, faith and hope.” But for all
commonly blocked by certain inhibitions
this solace, " one is often fain to ask,-'Is which are so lodged in the mind by education
there no rescue from this reign of death, which and opinion that they effectively paralyze any
is history, and how shall it be accomplished ?'” effort at re-creation.” The Puritans feared
The answer, thinks Mr. Woodberry, should
the drama. The respectable American turns
lie in æsthetic criticism.
hastily and pruriently away from the nude
“ Is it an error to relegate art to the dead past figure — and the shame is his, not the artist's.
and translate it into history? Works of art are
With such limitations we fall short of the
not like political events and persons; they do not
artist's vision. Yet, on the other hand, we may
pass at once away. The Hermes of Praxiteles is
still with us.
Is it really the same Hermes that it give his work of art beautiful meanings of
was when it was made? Is its personal identity a
which he did not dream.
fixed state, or does its personality, like our own, “ The essence of the work, its living power for
change in the passage of time? May it not be the
us, is not what the artist put in it, but what we
nature of art to cast off what is mortal, and emanci- draw from it; its world-value is not what it was to
pate itself from the mind of its creator?"
the artist, but what it is to the world. . . Thus
Is there something beyond "that mortal and arises the paradox . . that it is not the poet, but


100
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66
the reader, who writes the poem. . . New ages Now observe that when, "from time to
appropriate the works of the past by accomplish- time in history our ancestors encountered suc-
ing a partial transformation in them, and unless cessively alien literatures, and as each was in
art is capable of such a remaking it cannot last."
turn appropriated, a Renaissance resulted,”
So it was that Pater in his “creative criticism"
and thus “civilization has grown in body and
re-created art,-“a marvellous blend of the quality, ever enriching itself by what it ab-
modern spirit with ancient material.” All his
sorbs from this and that particular race and
figures, Dionysus, or French gallants, or
age." It is tragic folly to isolate nations and
Roman gentlemen, . . are developed in the
races, to learn race self-sufficiency and, after
dark chamber of his own singularly sensitive that, race suspicion and race hate. Beware of
and refined artistic temperament." Thus the the reactionary tendency growing in America.
Puritans re-created the Old Testament. We Remember, too, that the individual, like the
need not abolish war and the wine-cup as nation, like civilization, must have his periodi-
beautiful poetic imagery even in chaster days; cal renaissance. Goethe needed his Italian
they may adorn and vivify the poetry of an
journey. Shelley was reborn when he read
age of new ideals, and do these rich service.
Plato.
Works of art are not, then, to Mr. Wood-
od
berry “historical monuments valuable for the
The artist-life is “a life of discovery,” not
of truth but of faculty; not so much an ac-
information they give of the past," but
an acquisition of
new material, for us to work our own statues and quisition of knowledge” as
inward power."
pictures and poems out of; or, in a word, to create
the forms of our own souls out of; for the soul “ The most wonderful thing in the soul is the
must be given forms in order to be aware of its extraordinary latency of power in it; and it is in
being, to know itself, truly to be. The soul moves the artist-life, in the world of art, that this latent
toward self-expression in many ways, but in finding power is most variously and brilliantly released.
forms for itself the soul discovers its most plastic What happens to you when you begin to see, really
material in the world of art. It is in forms of to see, pictures, for example? It is not that a new
ideality that the soul hastens to clothe itself; and object has come within the range of your vision;
while it is possible for us to elaborate such forms but that a new power of seeing has arisen in your
from the crude mass of nature, as the first artists eye, and through this power a new world has opened
did, yet later generations are the more fortunate in before you,- a world of such marvels of space,
that they possess in art and literature a vast treas-
color, and beauty, luminosity, shadow, and line,
ure of ideality already elaborated and present atmosphere and disposition, that you begin to live
.
Works of art thus constitute a select material
in it as a child begins to learn to live in the natural
wherein the artist-soul that is in each of us can
world. It is not the old world seen piecemeal; it
work, not only with our own native force of pene-
tration and aspiration, but, as it were, with higher
is a new world on another level of being than
aid,- the aid of genius, the aid of the select souls
natural existence. So, when you begin to take in a
of the race."
poem, it is not a mere fanciful arrangement of
idea and event added to your ordinary memory of
Thus art casts off "what is mortal," and
things; new powers of feeling have opened in your
emancipates “itself from the mind of its
heart that constitute a fresh passion of life there,
creator to enter upon a life of its own, con- and as you feed it with lyric and drama, a signifi-
tinually renewed in the minds of those who
cance, a mystery, a light enter into the universe as
appropriate it.” The reader who appropriates you know it, with transforming and exalting power.
may be a Pater; he may be far humbler, he To the lover of pictures the visible world has be-
may be far greater. Such fame outlasts biog- come something other than it was,—even nature
raphy. The poet's memory becomes ideal. herself flowers with Corots and Manets, coruscates
"And then this miracle arises that into the soul
with Turners and Claudes, darkens with Rem-
of Virgil, for example, enters & Christian soul, brandts; to the lover of poetry also the visible
new-born, and deepening its pathos. . . That is world has suffered change and lies in the light of
earthly immortality, the survival and increment Wordsworth or of Shelley, but much more the
of the spirit through time. Thus arises another invisible world of inward life is transformed into
paradox, that as art begins by being charged with visions of human fate in Æschylus and Shakspere,
personality, it ends by becoming impersonal, solv- into throbs of passion in Dante and Petrarch, into
ing the apparent contradiction in the soul universal, cries of ecstasy and pain in how many generations
the common soul of mankind. Each of us creates of the poets world-wide. It is not that you have
art in his own image,- it seems an infinite varia- acquired knowledge; you have acquired heart. To
ble; and yet it is the variable of something identical lead the artist-life is not to look at pictures and
in all - the soul. . . It is thus in the artistic life read books; it is to discover the faculties of the
that one shares in the soul universal, the common soul, that slept unknown and unused, and to apply
soul of mankind, which yet is manifest only in indi- them in realizing the depth and tenderness, the elo-
viduals and their concrete work. Art like life has quence, the hope and joy of the life that is within.
its own material being in the concrete, but the spir- It is by this that the life of art differs from the
itual being of both is in the universal.”
life of science: its end is not to know but to be."
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Therefore we revolt against the historical does not wholly master it. The classic, the chivalric,
treatment of art because we feel that it endan- the Christian world attest the fact broadly; and in
gers art's own true nature, degrades it into
individual life how must we ourselves bear witness
mere knowledge, loses sight of life. “ The first
to the mingling in ourselves of the poets' blood,-
place is held by life. It is against the substitu-
which is the blood of the world. In the intimacy of
this communion is our best of life, and it is accom-
tion of knowledge for life in scholarship, espe- plished solely by the re-creation in us, in our minds
cially in the literary and artistic fields, that
and hearts, our hopes, admirations and loves, of
the protest is made.
what was first in the artists of every sort, according
“A second main trait of the artist-life of the to our capacity to receive and reëmbody in our own
soul . . is that it is a life of growth by an inward spiritual substance their finer, wiser, deeper, power.
secret and mysterious process. There is nothing
Their capacity to enter thus into the life of human-
mechanical in it; it is vital. It was this aspect of ity is the measure of their genius, and our capacity
the soul's life which Wordsworth brought so promi-
to receive the gift is the measure of our souls."
nently forward, and ade elemental in his verse,
“The poets are often spoken of as prophets, and
advocating a wise passiveness' in the conduct of in history the greatest are those most lonely peaks
the mind. . . . Consider the lilies, how they grow: that seem to have taken the light of an unrisen
they toil not, neither do they spin.' That is the dawn, like Virgil, whose humanity in the Aeneid
type of the artist-soul; in the artist-life there is shines with a foregleam of the Christian tempera-
neither toiling nor spinning. In an economical ment, or like Plato, whose philosophy in many a
civilization like ours, leisure is apt to be confounded passage was a morning star that went before the
with indolence, and it is hard to see how the poet greater light of Christian faith in the divine. But
watching
it is not such poets and such prophecy that I have
• the sun illume
in mind. I mean that in our own experiences in
The yellow bees in the ivy bloom'
this artist-life with the poets, sculptors, and musi-
is not an idler in the land. Especially is it hard to
cians there abides the feeling that we shall have,
see how things will come without planning. In our
as Tennyson says, 'the wages of going on,' — there
own day planning has become an all-engrossing
is our clearest intimation of immortality. Words-
worth found such intimations in fragments of his
through the country, and is applied in all quarters boyhood and youth. I find them rather in frag-
ments of manhood and maturer life. Life im-
of life, as if success were always a matter of
machinery. Even in the churches, which have been
presses me less as a birth initially out of the divine
the home of spiritual force, organization plays an
into mortal being than as birth into the divine at
ever-increasing part, as if failure in driving-force
each step of the onward way.”
could be made up for by appliances in the machine; Such a life is not reserved for the select alone;
to a certain extent this is possible, but the driving it is open to all. “The child with his picture-
force is not the machine. The practical reason so book and the dying Laureate reading the
occupies all the field of our life that the result is to
Shaksperian ‘Dirge' in the moonlight lead
belittle and destroy whatever has not its ground of
being in the useful
. Art, by its own nature, boy with Homer, the sage with Plato, - it is all
the same life and follow the same method. The
excludes the useful.”
one: each is finding his soul, and living in it."
"A third main trait of the world of art is
We must strive for a more just economic
that it is a place of freedom," not merely order “to lessen the burden of common life"
"from the manacle of utility” but, on the
and give each individual time to rejoice in
positive side, a power to transcend nature and
this artist-life, his birthright, no matter how
to reconstitute “the world in the image" of humble he may be.
the soul's
“We are all proud of America, and look on our
“ own finer vision and deeper wisdom, realizing farms and workshops, the abundance of work, the
ideality in its own consciousness and conveying at harvest of universal gain dispersed through multi-
least the shadow of its dream to mankind. . . Each tudes reclaimed from centuries of poverty, - we
of us, in reading the play, may well believe he is
see and proclaim the greatness of the good; but I
Hamlet, but each is well aware that he is identify- am ill-content with the spiritual harvest, with the
ing himself with a more perfect type of himself, absence of that which has been the glory of great
such as is known only to the mind's eye. . . The nations in art and letters, with the indifference to
fruit of this large freedom is the ideal world, in that principle of human brotherhood in devotion to
which each realizes his dream of the best. It is
which our fathers found greatness and which is
here that experiments are made, that revolutions most luminous in art and letters; our enormous
sometimes begin; for the ideal, . . once expressed, success in the economical and mechanical sphere
passes back into the ordinary world, and there it leaves me unreconciled to our failure to enter the
may be made a pattern, a thing to be actualized, artistic sphere as a nation."
reason and has this or that fortune according to Mr. Woodberry is certainly timely in his
the wisdom or folly of mankind at the time. warnings against history and historical criti-
There are times . . when the ideal world does enter cism, which tend to-day so often to substitute
into the actual world, and partly permeate it, if it knowledge for life. But I should be inclined


102
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66
to say that he turns away from historical criti- cians that the useful and the artistic cannot be
cism, after he has said many fine things in its reconciled. “Our bodies and our mortal inter-
praise, with a too audible sigh' of relief. The ests,” he says, “are subject to the world of
greatest critics in the generations to follow, use; but our spirituality, our immortal part,
now that the new genre of criticism has devel- is above use." Here I for one am prepared
oped so rapidly and so richly, must be so undauntedly to open the pages of a book often
robust that their “æsthetic criticism ” may be reviled by artist and economist, Ruskin's
superimposed on a very massive foundation of Crown of Wild Olive,” at the opening pages
historical research. I can conceive of a criti- of the chapter called “Traffic,” and protest
cism which could wed the dryasdust but in- with the writer against the false opposition of
valuable method of the most plodding and art and utility. I also (though I am one of
terrifyingly erudite contributions to "schol- those who believe that after death we go on as
arly journals ” (contributions bristling with individuals, in being dilated but fundamen-
citations) with the most alert receptivity and tally the same) am here on earth to say that
nimble play of moods and soaring imagination I will brook no deep distinction between my
of the most sensitive impressionist. This may
This may “physical” and my “spiritual” self. The
seem to Mr. Woodberry, and to the readers of highest love is uncompromisingly physical and
his book or even of my synopsis, but an exag- uncompromisingly spiritual, though few are
gerated underlining of certain of his own strenuous enough to learn its deep and lasting
statements. Yet if I am but underlining his rewards because few are strenuous to learn
fundamental precepts, I would do it even at with their comrade how to love before they
the risk of masquerading with the plumage love. The highest art should be useful; there
and the voice of a parrot. I underline because is no distinction there, any more than there is
I feel a certain danger in many of Mr. Wood- here on earth between body and soul. Mr.
berry's passages. Time and again he seems to Woodberry has fallen into an asceticism,-
conceive of idealism and fact as enemies as not the athletic asceticism of temporary re-
implacable as the Persian deities Ormuud and straint for purposes of purer enjoyment, but
Ahriman, with their endless armies of radiant the asceticism of fear: an asceticism, with
angels and swart demons. Surely idealism Mr. Woodberry, delicate, more tender, warmer
which is not fragile in the face of the first than its old parent of the grey twilight but
stroke of healthy disillusionment must rise born out of it, bred of its bone, marked with
phoenix-like out of fact, which it does not its lineaments. Mr. Woodberry remains, after
oppose but from which it is splendidly born. all, a champion of the old feudalistic art, an
Mr. Woodberry has communed with Plato and art which now would be communal but fails,
within himself, in many an awed and happy an art which now loves but also still fears the
vigil, over the problem of the One and the populace, an art which fears the useful. The
Many, and has clearly seen with Spenser how Greeks created something like a communal
change does but again and again dilate with art - at the expense of slaves who did the
out destroying an eternal being. But some of drudgery. To-day, though we have declared
those other opposites which bewilder us in all ourselves against slavery and have freed all
but our most adventurous moments, for all his nominal slaves (and to have declared our-
care (though he often manages them bravely, selves, merely, means great progress), we live
like two fiery coursers held for a time in yoke), in an age of actual slavery more widespread
fly apart and almost shatter his chariot at than that of any previous age. And this is
times in the highest moments of his Phaethon- partly because we refuse to face squarely the
ride.
problem of drudgery. Mr. Woodberry makes
Not only is Mr. Woodberry's reconciliation a wise distinction between soft indolence (that
of historical and ästhetic criticism a little herald of all the other deadly sins) and beau-
faltering, but at times he seems to think of tiful leisure. But he should realize that so
society as led by a few highly endowed critics long as drudgery remains a reality, the toiler
as well as poets, at times a benignant Utopian in the realms of drudgery (if he survives) or
anarchy in which everybody may be a critic his son or daughter (if he is successful) will
with a poet's soul, a richly trained creative never distinguish between leisure and more
reader. I know that he would make sorrowing obvious, 'most alluring indolence. We must
concessions that many are debarred within the face the problem that the Greeks shirked.
fell clutch of circumstance. He protests elo- We must declare that nothing is impossible
quently against our unjust economic order. but that one word “impossible.” We must
But he passes by a fundamental protest with- declare drudgery to be a phantasm which has
out which we can never have a just economic been tricked out in borrowed flesh and blood
order when he concedes with so many æstheti- too long. And we may make at least one fair


1915
103
THE DIAL
beginning at this gigantic and quixotic but the conditions surrounding childhood in Chi-
ultimately most practical task by dreaming cago, and remedy some of the evils for which
ceaselessly and doing ceaselessly that these two Society is responsible. Indeed, the word
apparent opposites, art and utility, may be juvenile” is interpreted broadly, as includ-
wedded.
HERBERT ELLSWORTH CORY.
ing young people of mature growth, who need
protection as they enter the ranks of labor.
This protection must come largely through
enlightened public opinion; so we are begged
CHILDREN OF THE CITY.*
to note that “all of the stores make large
“ Public opinion has a curious trick of suddenly profits at the holiday season, but they are
regarding as a living moral issue, vital and un- made at the expense of thousands of employ-
appeasable, some old situation concerning which ees, whose weary feet and aching backs are
society has been indifferent for many years.
The
the result of the mad rush on the part of thou-
newly moralized issue, almost as if by accident, sands of Christian people who are thus seek-
suddenly takes fire and sets whole communities in
a blaze, lighting up human relationships and
ing to express the kindliness and good will
which our Christmas commemorates ! or
public duty with a new meaning, in the end trans-
forming an abstract social ideal into a political again that “the same kind-hearted people who,
demand for new legal enactments. When that in great concern, would quickly gather around
blaze actually starts, when the theme is heated,
the victim of a street accident, carelessly eat
molten as it were with human passion and desire, food placed before them by a frail girl almost
it is found that there are many mature men and fainting with fatigue or heedlessly walk
women of moral purpose and specialized knowl- through a hotel corridor lately scrubbed by a
edge who have become efficient unto life. Among Polish woman who has spent ten hours upon
them are those who have long felt a compunction her hands and knees.". The object of Mrs.
in regard to the ill-adjustment of which society
Bowen's book is to enable us to see the
has become conscious and are eager to contribute
machinery back of the passing show, and real-
to the pattern of juster human relations.”
Thus writes Miss Addams in her preface it; thereby arousing not merely the wish for
ize the cruelty and stupidity of so much of
to “ Safeguards for City Youth," a book de reform, but the hope of being able to better
scribing the work and experiences of the things.
Juvenile Protective Association of Chicago.
A minute study of the social environment
These same winged words might well have
would be largely futile with the other element
stood on the title-page of each of the five books of the problem, the nature of the individual,
now before us, for all are symptoms of the left out of account. Consequently " the Asso-
same awakening, the same desire of “ mature
ciation is at present making a careful study
men and women of moral purpose" to be of sub-normal children, of whom it is esti-
doing something to mend the evil of their day, mated that there are about 6000 in Chicago.
and prevent that of the days to come. This Approximately only one-tenth of this number
new impulse, developing "almost as if by acci-
can be received at the one State Institution
dent,” is nevertheless the fruit of the toil of for the Feeble-Minded in Illinois.” This ap-
years, as Miss Addams well knows, being her- palling problem is matched by another, not
self chief among the toilers. It is fortunate wholly unrelated, and we read: “One of the
that it is so, for herein is a certain guarantee most pathetic sights in Chicago is the venereal
of stability, an assurance that this new birth disease ward for children in the County Hos-
of the social conscience is but the emerging pital. In twenty-seven months, 600 children
into the light of a growth which has been under twelve years of age passed through this
patiently maturing for many a day.
ward — 60 per cent of them had contracted
The Juvenile Protective Association is not the disease accidentally; 20 per cent of them
a mere society for the prevention of cruelty had inherited it, and another 20 per cent had
to children, but an organized attempt to study been criminally assaulted by diseased per-
sons.”
SAFEGUARDS FOR CITY YOUTH, at Work and at Play. By
Louise de Koven Bowen. With a preface by Jane Addams.
Mrs. Schoff, in her study of “The Wayward
New York: The Macmillan Co.
Child," approaches the subject with the same
THE WAYWARD CHILD. A Study of the Causes of Crime.
By Hannah Kent Schoff. Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Co. zeal, and writes with the knowledge gained
STREET-LAND. Its Little People and Big Problems.
Philip Davis, assisted by Grace Kroll. Boston: Small, May-
from many years of work. Her point of view
is not scientific, and she is inclined to regard
THE JUVENILE COURT AND THE COMMUNITY. By Thomas D.
Eliot. New York: The Macmillan Co.
the problem in an old-fashioned way. Thus
BOYHOOD AND LAWLESSNESS; and The Neglected Girl. By
Ruth S. True; with a chapter on The Italian Girl, by Josephine
we are assured that “when carried back to
Roche. West Side Studies (Russell Sage Foundation) ; car- William the Conqueror each child has, accord-
ried on under the direction of Pauline Goldmark. New York:
Survey Associates.
ing to President G. Stanley Hall, eight billion
By
nard & Co.


104
[ August 15
THE DIAL
ancestors. From so many as eight billion with the evil, they can and do perpetuate it,
ancestors, each child must certainly have a preventing municipalities from taking the
very mixed heredity, and we may be encour- steps necessary to create decent conditions.
aged about the matter even more by remem- Dr. Eliot's book on “The Juvenile Court
bering that man was created in the image and and the Community” is an attempt to define
likeness of God and that consequently there the status of the Juvenile Court, and deter-
must be some good in every one." The propo- mine its proper functions. It is recognized
sition that every human life is “worth while,” that the Court has undergone an evolution,
and should be given the best possible chance, whereby the court business proper has dimin-
is one to which we may cordially assent; but ished in proportion to the ever extending pro-
even the testimony of President G. Stanley bation system. Volunteer probation is giving
Hall will not make us believe in those eight way to organized municipal work, and "in
billion ancestors. By the same arithmetical most places needs simply a death blow to put
process it will be apparent that at the time of it out of its misery.' The probation officer is
Julius Cæsar our ancestors covered the earth called upon to coöperate with all existing
many layers deep. These, however, are minor agencies, and thus finds himself no longer
matters; and when it comes to the practical exclusively connected with the Court. The
things of life, Mrs. Schoff has much good point is made that probation is a part of the
advice to give. Thus: “More than half of the educational system, and should have its prin-
children in the juvenile court during eight cipal point of contact with the schools rather
years were there for stealing. No one could than with any judicial system. The Domestic
listen to the stories of theft of every sort told Relations Court could take care of the other
by these children without reaching the conclu- functions of the Juvenile Court, which would
sion that honesty does not come without con- thus disappear, its activities having been
structive parental teaching." Judging from absorbed by other agencies. “The writer be-
the testimony of thousands of prison inmates, lieves that the evidence shows that the juve-
it is concluded that reform schools have ex- nile court has been for its time a splendid
actly the opposite effect from that suggested institution," but that it represents a stage in
by their name. Recognizing the unconscious evolution, leading to better things. If the
prejudice of the narrators, who in telling their Juvenile Court represents a transitory stage,
experiences tend to place all the blame on it is still evident that in most places this stage
their surroundings, we must nevertheless ad- has not yet passed. All students of the Court
mit that the testimony is weighty, and after recognize that it is changing, growing in
all not different from what we might reason. various directions to meet the public need,
ably expect. Even high class boarding schools and, as it were, producing new departments
for "young gentlemen ” are sometimes nests
are sometimes nests by a process of budding. The time is ripe for
of more corruption than we care to admit. such discussions as that of Dr. Eliot's, but
Street-Land,” by Mr. Philip Davis of Bos- they are perhaps to be taken with a grain of
ton, is a volume of “The Welfare Series," salt, on Bergsonian grounds. It is probable
edited by Mr. R. T. Hale. It gives a clear
that different cities, attempting to solve their
account of the life of city children in the problems in different ways, will find that there
streets, their efforts to find work and amuse-
is no single road to municipal efficiency.
ment, their troubles and temptations. It also Escaping from one difficulty we meet some
describes the Newsboys' Republic, and sets other. The Juvenile Court has had a hard
forth a programme for the future. Ulti. struggle with the politicians; but let the diffi-
mately, the solution must be found in a radical cult work of probation fall under the direc-
reorganization of city life. “Since it is the tion of the School Board, and we may find
almost savage environment which makes many that timidity, indecision, and fear of “injur-
city children little savages, we must learn that | ing business” are harder to combat than
our chief task is to civilize the environment. downright crookedness. In any case, the onus
Nor can this be accomplished by philanthropy is thrown back upon the community, and no
or law. These are curative, not preventive, mere system will make amends for a stupid
agencies. Sound economics, made popular by public.
safe investments in homes for the people built The “West Side Studies” carried on by the
by the municipality or State - as in Letch- Russell Sage Foundation constitute a most
worth, England, and in Belgium,- alone will valuable contribution to descriptive sociology.
ultimately abolish slums and slum products They have the merit of being exceedingly well
and prevent their reproduction in the rising written, so that the narrative flows and has
cities of America.” It is to be noted, however, coherence, instead of appearing to be a patch-
that if mere legal enactments cannot do away
work made up from accumulated memoranda.


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105
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While the purpose is descriptive, and there is showing how important was the place of gath-
little direct propaganda for reform, the vivid ering, the æsthetic background, in establish-
accounts of conditions found point so clearly ing the right tone; and he makes clear the
to the weak spots in civic life that the reader earnest effort of the leaders to promote a real
cannot help drawing his own conclusions con- democracy of intellect, by giving encourage-
cerning remedies. The writers enter into their ment to any person of genuine wit and origi-
subject with such a warmth of human sym- nality. Dominated by woman, the salon
pathy that we no longer see merely things to expressed her "instinct for society and for
criticize, but come to feel that after all the literature,” arousing discussion, provoking
very troubles of the city carry with them the conversation on topics literary or philosophi-
germs of hope for better times.
cal. Sermons and profane literature were
T. D. A. COCKERELL.
themes for all to discourse upon; and in those
days "club" folk read the works they dis-
cussed. Out of the talk grew some species of
literature, chiefly those forms which express
THE BLUE-STOCKINGS AND THEIR
more intimately the ideas and sentiments of
INFLUENCE.*
every-day life,- letters, memoirs, and similar
When Samuel Johnson, Fanny Burney, friendly productions in both prose and verse.
Hannah More, and other celebrities of their Perhaps more significant than the attitude
time meet together in a critical volume, that toward letters and art are the relationships,
book is assured of readers; for who can resist the friendships, fostered by the salons. On
the appeal of the Age of Tea and Talk? If this topic Professor Tinker is almost too
the book succeeds, it may be due to no special brief; he does not bring out the fullest mean-
merit of its author,— his audience is predis- ing of the development of personality, the
posed to enjoy his work. However, in the case shaping and enriching of individual talents,
of Professor Tinker's study of “The Salon stimulated by the familiar intercourse of
and English Letters," the author's part is of these coteries.
an unusually important and distinctive char- From France to England the sentiment for
acter. Unostentatious, sympathetic, thor. similar literary groups was speedily trans-
oughly keen in his analyses, this professor of ferred; and England did justice to the ideal,
English Literature at Yale has presented a not by any means wholly new. Elizabethan
new view of the years 1760-1790 by means of England had had literary courts, and the
centring his observations on the salon and Countess of Pembroke will be remembered as
its influences. Until the publication of this one of the noblest patronesses of all time.
book we have had no authority, in English, With the Restoration came the insidious
upon the salon, and have been forced to gain amorousness which vitiated the salons, turn.
information from dozens of scattered volumes. ing the library coterie into a school for scan.
Now we possess, in Professor Tinker's work, dal. By the end of the seventeenth century
a scholarly and succinct account of one of the the feminist movement was well under way;
most interesting, and often amusing, phases and of the manifestations of literary mili-
of human history.
tancy Professor Tinker has little to say, since
Beginning with the French salon, Profes- that aspect of life has little to do with the
sor Tinker outlines rapidly the origin and salons, which are devoted to conversation. It
development of those literary courts,” and is with the rise of the Bluestocking Club that
“
traces their relationship to the courtly groups
the salon definitely reappears in England.
of the Renaissance which were presided over This Club, which was probably in existence
by such women as Beatrice d'Este, Caterina by 1760, was composed of "Vesey," "Bos-
Cornaro of Browning's Asolo, and the ladies
cawen, Montagu, Carter," Hannah More,
mentioned in Castiglione's “Book of the Cour. Lord Lyttelton, Horace Walpole, and others.
tier.” The Hôtel de Rambouillet, most dis-
Bluestocking,” that genteel by-word of con-
tinguished of all the French salons, was
tempt, is discussed by Professor Tinker very
established, in direct imitation of these Ital- fully, although he says. plainly that no defi-
ian assemblies, by a lady half Italian herself; nitely satisfactory conclusions can be reached
and in the chambre blue d'Arthénice the concerning its origin.
concerning its origin. It would seem that it
select few, not more than eighteen, carried on
arose from the practice of ridiculing the
their exalted conversations. Very briefly, severely plain dress of the Puritans, who, in
Professor Tinker characterizes the salons,
their homely woolen hose, made up that
"Blew-stocking Parliament " so odious to the
* THB SALON AND ENGLISH LETTERS. Chapters on the Inter- silk-clad Cavaliers. A term thus used to cast
relations of Literature and Society in the Age of Johnson.
By Chauncey Brewster Tinker. New York: The Macmillan Co. reproach upon really sincere and high-


106
(August 15
THE DIAL
“ blue
minded folk was no bad title for a group who, trated of course by the famous names of the
feeling the popular associations with that day,– Johnson, Fanny Burney, Walpole, and
word, rather enjoyed assuming its connota- Boswell. These chapters, dealing with mat-
tions. “Blues and
came to mean ter more familiar to the general reader, are
cultured ladies, or "shocking females" ac- written in a lively yet non-partisan fashion.
cording to the intelligence of the critic. It is They show the results of long study of these
in these chapters dealing with the Bluestock- special themes, hence they will prove to have
ings that the volume is most interesting, for critical freshness. Johnson is revealed in all
the author has put together various fragmen- his irrevocable humanness, not as Ursa Major,
tary bits, making a comparatively unified but as the intensely social being who lived on
whole. Of course any work which considers talk, and whose talk roused and galvanized
so miscellaneous a subject as the lives and atti. others into effective expression,- the supreme
tudes and accomplishments of numerous art in conversation. Boswell's efforts are ap-
minor personages cannot possess
possess perfect preciated in the spirit of understanding
smoothness of transition. The difficulties of vouchsafed him by later criticism. Instead of
the case, however, have been well met; and listing him, as Fanny Burney did, as "that
Professor Tinker has furnished us with a biographical, anecdotical, memorandummer,”
storehouse of information, anecdote, criticism, Professor Tinker interprets Boswell very
interpretation of character, and small talk justly. The immortal diarist herself is al.
delightfully arrayed. Special praise is due most too summarily dealt with; and at the
for the sane, generous, respectful tone in conclusion of the chapter, the critic mourns
which he writes. To all except anti-suffra- the presence in the Diary of so much self-
gists his studiously judicial manner will ap- praise, so much quotation of the agreeable
peal strongly. It is easy to be flippant and things said to the blushing but quite appre-
witty at the expense of the shallow and artifi- ativ Miss Burney. Why mourn over this
cial intellectual life of the Bluestockings. For trait in her more than over a similar trait in
instance, revered Hannah More has been made the great lexicographer? Is vanity a man's
the subject of many gibes; but just as Pro- right?
fessor Tinker publishes a charmingly youth- Within the book is a mass of information
ful portrait of her, so he endeavors to present, gleaned from very extensive reading, but so
not the apparent pedant and literary trifler, effectively and so crisply condensed, so
but the woman who sincerely strove for high briskly phrased, that each re-reading will
accomplishment. With the best of opportuni- yield a reward. The author's individual ap-
ties for making merry over "lovely woman,' preciation of his subject gives vivid insight
the critic has not indulged in caricature, or into that age which has a singular charm for
satire, or condescension. This is not saying our mad epoch, in which such things as polite
that he lacks humor. Some of the charm in conversation and long, fastidiously composed
these chapters lies in the shrewd brevity of letters are genuine antiques. So also, are
the recitals that reveal all the truth, the ludi- those staunch convictions of ponderous size.
crous self-esteem, as well as the inner motives, It is a pleasure, in these days when open-
the highest aspirations, the fine ideals of the mindedness” is synonymous with vacuity, to
members of the English salons. Engaging read of people who were not only positive, but
minor details are given generously, and in actually bigoted. What an enviable age it
such a quotation as the following one per- was! No automobiles, no electricity, no
ceives the Spartan nature of the day:
strikes, no Sunday papers,-time for dignity,
“I never knew a party turn out so pleasantly as
deliberation, reading, and thinking! They
the other right at the Pepys's. There was all the had a happiness, a content, we shall never
pride of London every wit and every wit-ess .. know, except in
know, except in retrospect through the
but the spirit of the evening was kept up on the charmed medium of the printed page.
strength of a little lemonade till past eleven, with-
MARTHA HALE SHACKFORD.
out cards, scandal, or politics."
For portraiture there is the sketch of Mrs.
Vesey, or “the sylph,” who was most supreme
One of the most interesting announcements that
when youth and beauty had long left her
has come to us for several months is that of the
alone with her unflagging imagination and
forthcoming publication of a selection from the
her friends.
letters of William Morris. It is expected that the
The third section of the book concerns itself
work will comprise two or three volumes, which
will probably be published in uniform style with
with the expression of the social instinct in
the collected edition of Morris's works recently com-
Conversation, Familiar Correspondence, the pleted under the editorship of his daughter, Miss
Diary, and the Intimate Biography, illus- May Morris.


1915]
107
THE DIAL
tion of the neutrality of Belgium, he will find
DIPLOMACY AND THE GREAT WAR.*
in a single chapter a critical analysis of all the
Whoever desires to study the proximate important diplomatic documents bearing on
causes of the mighty conflict in which Europe the subject, along with a historical introduc-
is now plunged will find a wealth of material tion by the author, followed by his own con-
in the official publications issued by the various clusions regarding the responsibility for the
belligerent governments since the outbreak of
act. In a similar manner, all the other impor-
the war,
the British and German White
tant controversies are examined and judged.
Books, the Russian Orange Paper, the Bel- Recognizing, very properly, that an under-
gian Gray Paper, the French Yellow Book, standing of the deep and underlying causes of
the Austrian Red Book, and the Servian Blue the war is impossible without a knowledge
Book. The entry of other powers into the of the history of the international relations of
conflict will doubtless be followed by other Europe during the years antedating the out-
similar publications. The promptness with break of the conflict, the author starts out
which these documents were issued, and the with a review of such important events as the
somewhat lavish manner in which they have founding of the Triple Alliance, the Triple
been circulated, are quite without precedent Entente, the Dual Alliance, the Conference of
in the wars of the past, and can only be Algeciras, the Agadir and Casablanca inci-
explained by the desire of the governments
and the Turco-Italian and Balkan
concerned to put their cases before the world wars. With this survey as a necessary back-
in the hope of obtaining a favorable verdict ground, he proceeds to examine in succession
upon their conduct. The whole procedure the diplomatic correspondence relating to the
affords a striking illustration of the fact that controversy between Austria and Servia, be-
civilized nations are not only not indifferent tween Austria and Russia, between Germany
to the opinions of mankind, but that, on the and Russia, between England and the powers
contrary, they eagerly court the approbation concerned, 'that relating to the neutrality of
of international public opinion for their acts, Belgium, and so on.
the good faith and rectitude of which are A large part of the work consists of impor-
suspected.
tant extracts from the diplomatic documents,
It is one of the happy results of the new so arranged and analyzed as to give it the
diplomacy and of government by public opin- character of a narrative. It is not, therefore,
ion that important diplomatic correspondence a mere compilation or collection of documents.
which in former times would have been care- There is much comment by the author, and,
fully concealed in the archives of foreign
very properly, he has exercised freely his
offices for generations, is to-day made public right to judge the facts in the light of the
almost as soon as it is dispatched; so that it evidence, and to condemn where, in his opin-
is possible to write the history of the events ion, condemnation is justifiable. On the
with which it deals before that history be- whole, however, his judgments are fair and
comes ancient. With the aid of the published dispassionate; and being based upon a very
diplomatic documents which the present war thorough and detailed examination of the
has produced, it is possible for contemporary official documents, they must carry great
historians to determine and fix the responsi- weight. It is not difficult for an impartial
bility for the war which is now ruining observer who studies these documents with the
Europe, while those upon whom the responsi- aid of Professor Stowell's analysis and com-
bility rests are still living.
ment to make up his mind as to where the
The task of examining this large mass of responsibility for this war properly belongs.
diplomatic material, and of unravelling the We may now summarize some of the au-
tangled skein of a multiplicity of notes, has thor's more important conclusions. Regard-
been greatly simplified by the work of Pro- ing the merits of the controversy between
fessor Stowell of Columbia University, who Austria and Servia -- a controversy which
has made a systematic digest and critical was the occasion if not the cause of the gen-
analysis of these documents, and has so ar- eral conflict - Professor Stowell concludes
ranged and coördinated the results that it is from his study of the diplomatic documents
now possible for one to get the gist of it all that Servia "evinced a
evinced a most conciliatory
without the necessity of reading the various spirit,” and that she went as far toward meet-
documents in their entirety. If, for example, ing the Austrian demands as was possible for
one desires to study the question of the viola- the government of any independent state to
go. “If Austria,” he says, “because of her
* THE DIPLOMACY OF THE WAR OF 1914. By Ellery C. Stowell,
Assistant Professor of International Law, Columbia Uni- peculiarly perilous situation, considered it
versity. Volume I., The Beginnings of the War.
Houghton Mifflin Co.
impossible to discuss the question (of media-
9
Boston:


108
(August 15
THE DIAL
tion) and to examine whether the proposed strong argument can be advanced in favor of
guarantees would not be adequate, we must the position of the author.
conclude her action to be a confession that she Considering in turn the various German
was herself unable to live up to her interna- excuses for violating the neutrality of Bel-
tional obligations." Russia's conduct as the gium, - that England intended to land troops
protector of Servia was not reprehensible. there for the purpose of attacking Germany,
She employed all her efforts to obtain a that there existed a convention between Bel-
pacific issue which would be acceptable to gium and England by which they were to
Austria and satisfy her amour-propre.” Con- make common cause against Germany, that
cerning the question as to whether the Ger- there was a similar agreement between Bel-
man government knew the contents of the gium and France, that documents discovered
Austrian ultimatum before it was dispatched in Brussels showed that Belgium had violated
to the Servian government, Professor Stowell her neutral obligations, etc.,-Professor Stow-
expresses the opinion that while the text of ell finds no evidence to support the German
the note may not have been communicated to contention on any of these points. His thor-
the German government, it seems likely that ough and critical analysis of the documents,
it was shown to the German ambassador at and the evidence which he marshals in sup-
Vienna, who doubtless informed the German port of his conclusions, will go far toward
government of its contents. In any case, the convincing impartial observers of the correct-
German government took particular pains to ness of his findings. Germany's conduct is
be in a position where it could proclaim its criticized severely. The invasion of Belgium,
ignorance of the note, in order to be able to he remarks, has been compared to the case of
say to the other powers that it had kept out a man who is guilty of a trespass in crossing
of the affair and had exercised no influence his neighbor's premises to escape from a fire;
upon Austria in formulating her demands but it would be fairer to compare it to the
upon Servia.
case of a man who does not wait to meet his
Professor Stowell reviews at length the adversary in a fair fight, but tries to reach
efforts of Sir Edward Grey to prevent a gen-
him by shooting through the walls of an inter-
eral war, and how they were destined to fail. vening house without regard to the lives of the
No one can read the mass of correspondence in helpless inmates.
all these official publications without feeling In a final chapter the author sums up his
that Sir Edward stands out as the most ad conclusions, and attempts to fix the chief
mirable figure among all the diplomats and responsibility for the war. This responsibil-
foreign ministers concerned. He worked tire- ity falls mainly on the shoulders of Germany.
lessly and almost without ceasing to preserve “ Germany has clearly violated international
peace, and he seems never to have despaired law, and, if she does not succeed, even for the
until all hope was gone.
moment, in escaping punishment, the lesson will be
Coming to the much discussed question of
as salutary as the example of Bismarck was delete-
the violation of the neutrality of Belgium,
rious. Meanwhile, the manner in which she has
held the rest of Europe in check compels the
Professor Stowell examines, first, the German
admiration of all beholders. . . Should Germany
contention that the neutralization treaty of
be successful in carrying out the theories of her
1839 was not binding in 1914, and on every Government, and her people, after the war-enthusi-
point he refutes the German argument com- asm is past, continue to support the Government,
pletely. This treaty, he says, was not only which has put through its projects in disregard of
binding on all the signatory parties, but they its treaty obligations and of the peaceful existence
were under an obligation to coöperate in
of the individuals composing another nation, the
student of events, seeking with impartial view, will
guaranteeing the neutrality proclaimed by
have to admit that we are not yet ready for any
the treaty. More than this, “it was a duty great step forward; that it is too early to recognize
which all the states of the world owe to inter- the practical existence of the society of humanity
national law to take every reasonable and as such, including all peoples."
practical means to prevent Germany from
JAMES W. GARNER.
effecting such a gross violation of the rights
of a weak state as has resulted from her inva-
sion." This obligation, he asserts, rested upon
Mr. Hilaire Belloc's “Essays on War," which
the United States equally with the other
his English publishers hope to have ready shortly,
powers. There is, of course, a difference of
will include “ The Military Argument for and
against Military Service in the Particular Case of
opinion as to the merits of this view; but un-
Great Britain "; “ Censorship in War";
questionably if international law means what
Defence of Land Fronts of Naval Bases "; The
it has heretofore been understood to mean, Military Problems of an Alliance"; and “ Valmy."
66 The


1915 ]
109
THE DIAL
A PRAGMATIC ILLUMINATION OF
interest in, when he is interested in it. Do not
EDUCATION.*
anticipate the needs of adult life. Education
Divine philosophy has not always been hap- is the development of power, not the acquisi-
tion of information.
pily united with pedagogical theory. Not
infrequently "educators" have but a superfi-
All this has become the commonplace, even
cial philosophy; while it must be admitted
the semi-dangerous commonplace, of higher
that there are philosophers who know little of
education in colleges and universities, screen-
the art of teaching. "A great shout of wel- ing oftentimes hazy and slovenly ideas. But
come should therefore go up when a profound rightly interpreted, it is of immense impor-
thinker sets himself the task of a practical tance; and the welcome news derived from
“ Schools of To-morrow" is that whereas
exposition of the most practical, as it is the
most important, art in life, the art of there is in the schools of to-day an absolute
education. Properly enough, a pragmatic
line of cleavage between the elementary and
philosopher, Professor John Dewey, now of higher institutions in this respect,— tlie ele-
Columbia University, has accomplished this mentary schools insisting on a fund of adult
work; and so for once etymology is justified information while the higher schools bemoan
of her children.
the lack of intellectual power displayed by
their product, the "schools of tomorrow
Professor Dewey and his daughter, Miss
Evelyn Dewey (who collected much of the elementary instruction,
are insisting on the same rational basis for
Education, instead
material), disclaim intent at a system or a
text-book. Quoting the preface:
of following a silly calf trail for sixteen or
eighteen years and then attempting to insti.
“ We have tried to show what actually happens tute radical reform when mental habits are
when schools start out to put into practice, each in fixed, is on the threshold of a simple and abso-
its own way, some of the theories that have been
pointed to as the soundest and best ever since
lute reform, — the process of starting right,
Plato, to be then laid politely away as precious
and by natural methods developing the whole
portions of our intellectual heritage'... We
life of the child.
have hoped to suggest to the reader the practical Place of honor among the laboratory cases
meaning of some of the more widely recognized cited is given to Mrs. Johnson's school at Fair-
and accepted views of educational reformers by hope, Alabama, which seems to follow closely
showing what happens when a teacher applies Rousseau's ideal. Professor Dewey thinks
these views.”
that Fairhope “has demonstrated that it is
Notwithstanding the fact that this rather possible for children to lead the same natural
humble statement is an accurate description lives in school that they lead in good homes
of the plan of the book, the ripe scholarship, outside of school hours; to progress bodily,
the scrupulous soundness of the logic, and the mentally, and morally in school without facti-
art shown in presenting and massing the con- tious pressure, rewards, examinations, grades
crete in a bath of luminous and consistent or promotions, while they acquire sufficient
theory make of "Schools of To-morrow" a control of the conventional tools of learning
contribution of great importance.
and of study of books — reading, writing, and
Professor Dewey's thesis is based frankly figuring - to be able to use them indepen-
upon Rousseau's "Emile." The first chapter, dently." Professor J. L. Meriam, Director of
"Education as Development,” is but a tren-
the Elementary School in the University of
chant exposition of Rousseau's epoch-making Missouri, bases his plan upon the four factors
views. “We know nothing of childhood, and in the child's life: play, stories, observation,
with our mistaken notions of it the further we and handiwork. As the children grow older
go in education the more we go astray.” Edu- their interest is naturally drawn, as they dis-
cation must be “based upon the native capaci- cover their ignorance, to history, geography,
ties of those to be taught and upon the need
and science. Grammar and English are not
of studying children in order to discover what taught as such, but incidentally in connection
these native powers are." "Try to teach a with all their work. Investigation of local
child what is of use to him as a child, and you topography, industries, and general condi-
will find that it takes all his time.” “The tions is
tions is emphasized here, as in other
greatest, the most important, the most useful "reform schools. The value of acting out
rule of education is : Do not save time, but the stories of mythology and history is another
lose it.” “A child ill-taught is further from generally recognized principle. That the
excellence than a child who has learned noth- school can fit smoothly into local needs and
ing at all.” Teach a child what he has an exercise great influence as a social settlement
is shown by the success of Mr. Valentine's
* SCHOOLS OF TO-MORROW. By John and Evelyn Dewey. New
work in School 26 of Indianapolis. The prac-
York: E. P. Dutton & Co.


110
(August 15
THE DIAL
-
-
>
tical work of this school has put new heart child by permitting him to range freely over his
and vigor into a destitute and backward com- material and adapt it to his own ends."
munity, and has gone far to solve the race This word “freedom” is the shibboleth of
problem. Here, and in many other schools the schools of to-morrow. A year or so ago,
cited, the object is immediate ends,- not giv- Mr. Edmond Holmes, in his little book enti-
ing the pupils the notion that they are getting tled “The Tragedy of Education,” wrote much
ready to live, but actually living. This will on this subject to very good purpose. It is
seem to many, no doubt, a backward step,- a wholly right for a child “to find the necessity
tacit acceptance of Browning's low man who, in things, not in the caprices of man,” – to
aiming at a unit, soon hits his hundred, but feel the curb of conditions, not of authority.
always fails of the thousand. One of the And Professor Dewey does well to point out
facts cited, that the boys show more interest that “no discipline could be more severe, more
in the cooking lessons than girls, is a rather apt to develop character and reasonableness.
bizarre proof of the appeal of immediate ends. nor less apt to develop disorder and laziness
Yet there can be little doubt that the general than the discipline which is self-taught and
movement is wise. Education should begin at self-imposed. The only weakness in practi-
the feet, we must learn to hit the units. cal results, a weakness that neither he nor
That is of the most importance to the most Mr. Holmes nor Mrs. Johnson nor Mr. Wirt
people. Indeed, it is of prime importance to nor Mr. Valentine nor Professor Meriam nor®
all, and will later enable the few to hit the Rousseau is aware of, — is the difficulty of get-
thousand with all the greater accuracy.
ting teachers wise enough to administer free-
Here and there throughout the book, as in dom of this sort. Here and there is a genius
the final chapter on “Democracy and Educa- who knows how; but these geniuses, sadly
tion,” the author exhibits something of the enough, do not impart their genius. An ordi-
special pleader,- or possibly it is only a too nary person can learn how to get results by
common academic blindness to the reality of following rules, but it must be an extraor-
grinding poverty in the world. “It is a com- dinary person who gets results without rules.
monplace among teachers and workers who In its philosophy, its literature, its religion,
come in contact with any number of pupils humanity has so far always proceeded by rule
who leave school at fourteen to go to work, and line; only the geniuses have from time to
that the reason is not so much financial pres- time made new rules and struck off new lines.
sure as it is lack of conviction that school is And after each epochal genius, when the plod-
doing them any good.” This is no doubt true ding student-teacher follows the master, the
in many communities, where the well-to-do method becomes again stereotyped.
class predominates. It must be of these that Professor Dewey sees clearly the Scylla of
Professor Dewey is thinking; for in all proba- the old and the Charybdis of the new :
bility he knows of the investigations of a
“The problem of educational readjustment thus
former student of his in the Stock Yards dis-
has to steer between the extremes of an inherited
trict of Chicago, which revealed an altogether bookish education and a narrow, so-called prac-
different state of affairs.
tical, education. It is comparatively easy to clamor
Professor Dewey's analysis of the much for a retention of traditional materials and meth-
discussed Montessori method should be of ods on the ground that they alone are liberal and
value to those whose knowledge depends cultural. It is comparatively easy to urge the addi-
mainly upon periodical-skimming. While ap- tion of narrow, vocational training for those who,
proving of the freedom of action which
it is assumed, are to be the drawers of water and
Madame Montessori in common with most re-
the hewers of wood in the existing economic
régime, leaving intact the present bookish type of
formers allows her pupils, he points out that
education for those fortunate enough not to have
her insistence on the use of her “didactic
to engage in manual labor in the home, shop, or
material ” leaves their freedom restricted and farm. But since the real question is one of or-
of questionable importance.
| ganization of all education to meet the changed
“ There is no freedom allowed the child to create. / conditions of life — scientific, social, political — ac-
He is free to choose which apparatus he will use,
companying the revolution in industry, the experi-
but never to choose his own ends, never to bend a
ments which have been made with this wider end in
material to his own lans. There is no doubt that
view are especially deserving of sympathetic recog-
backward children derive profit from the 'didactic
nition and intelligent examination.”
material, but after all it appears that various Some minor faults of style are to be found
American reformers have learned how systemati- in the volume, such as frequently occur when
cally to educe power, creativeness, in the normal
a writer is thinking mainly of his matter.
* Dr. E. L. Talbert put the question to 331 boys and girls | “Apt” is regularly used in the sense of
lifted, and 171 answered that they had to earn money.
likely"; and the rather naive redundancy,
who had left school at 14, when the pressure of the law was


1915)
111
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>
"to try an experiment,” occurs so often as to the third, in the mediaval moralities and in
merit rebuke. There is also considerable some of the plays of Shaw and Brieux. The
repetition, owing in part to the plan of the first two objects are the legitimate ideals of
book. And there is the inevitable résumé of drama; when the third becomes dominant,
former conditions of industry as compared the writer must expect to be regarded pri-
with the present. But nevertheless, the vol- marily as a preacher, not as a dramatist. It is
ume is admirable in material and arrange- encouraging to find so little of this preaching
ment; and the very repetition only serves to tendency in the recent representative Amer-
add to its unity and drive home its central ican plays.
theme.
THOMAS PERCIVAL BEYER.
Two of the three war plays. “War Brides”
and "Across the Border," on the whole justify
their dramatic form. “ War Brides” is an
attack on war from the woman's point of view.
RECENT AMERICAN ONE-ACT PLAYS. *
It is a vigorous and timely protest against the
One of the interesting tendencies in recent insult to womanhood implied in the custom to
drama is the rise in popularity of the one-act
which the title alludes. The heroine has been
play. The Irish school, perhaps, deserves married some months before the war, and her
chief credit for showing the possibilities of husband is at the front. The story deals with
the one-act form, especially in tragedy and in her attempt to influence the girls in her vil-
whimsical comedy. In America, Mr. Percy lage against war marriages,-- an attempt
Mackaye was a pioneer in this field, and he which brings her into conflict with the au-
has had many followers. The extent to which thorities. Her indignation and horror at the
the one-act piece is now being cultivated sug- cynical treatment of what she holds most
gests that it may come to rival even the short sacred are raised to a tragic pitch by the news
story in popular favor.
of her husband's death in battle. She is preg-
Of the twenty-two one-act plays by Amer-
nant; but rather than bear a child who may
ican writers considered in the present review,
be sacrificed to "the good of the Empire," she
three have to do with the European war. The
commits suicide. She is not a character who
nineteen others are singularly free from the
interests us greatly; she is primarily a mouth-
propagandist taint which infects so large a
piece for individualist and pacifist ideas; but
proportion of recent English and continental
these ideas are vigorously expressed, and are
plays. Probably it may be said that there are
vitally related to the dramatic situation. The
three aims among which, or among combina-
play is a good example of the effective use of
tions of which, a dramatist must choose. He
drama for propagandist purposes.
may aim to represent characters in an action
"Across the Border” bases its protest
with impartial truthfulness, caring to give against war on more broadly human grounds;
pleasure only or chiefly through the fidelity partly, perhaps, for this reason it is a much
of his representation. Or he may aim to rep-
better play. It is better, too, because the
resent characters so as to give pleasure
as to give pleasure author is really interested in her hero as a
through appeals to humor, sentiment, or
person. The play makes skilful use of the
imagination, caring less for truth and reality.
now familiar device of a dream. Desperately
wounded in an attempt to bring rescue to
Or he may aim to represent characters so as to
enforce a doctrine or lesson, subordinating
beleaguered comrades, the Junior Lieutenant
both truth and pleasure to this end. A pure
in his delirious dream crosses “the border” of
death. What he sees there convinces him of
type of the first class may be found in Ben
Jonson's “Bartholomew Fair”; of the sec-
the shameful cruelty and wrong of the whole
ond, in Shakespeare's romantic comedy; of system and ideal of war, and he begs for leave
to return and try to make some of his com-
By Marion Craig Wentworth. Illustrated.
rades understand. In the final scene in the
New York: The Century Co.
improvised hospital he struggles to his gallant
A Play of the Present. By Beulah
Marie Dix. Illustrated. New York: Henry Holt & Co. and pitiful failure. Written plainly, without
MAKERS OF MADNESS. By Hermann Hagedorn. New York: declamation or sentimentality, the play makes
The Macmillan Co.
POSSESSION. One-act Plays of Contemporary Life. a powerful and genuinely dramatic appeal.
George Middleton. New York: Henry Holt & Co.
In Mr. Hagedorn's "Makers of Madness,"
DAWN, and Other One-act Plays of Life To-day. By Per-
cival Wilde. New York : Henry Holt & Co.
on the other hand, the doctrine completely
STAGE GUILD PLAYS. By Kenneth Sawyer Goodman. Com-
crowds out the dramatic element. The com-
prising: The Game of Chess, Barbara, Back of the Yards,
and Ephraim and the Winged Bear.
position is not a play at all; it is an attempt
Vaughan.
WISCONSIN PLAYS. Edited by Thomas H. Dickinson. Com-
to show through dialogue how war might be
prising: The Neighbors, by Zona Gale; In Hospital, by forced on the United States and an empire
Thomas H. Dickinson; Glory of the Morning, by William
Ellery Leonard. New York: B. W. Huebsch.
(clearly Germany) by the selfish interests of
• WAR BRIDES,
ACROSS THE BORDER.
By
New York: Donald C.


112
(August 15
THE DIAL
"
militarists, politicians, and manufacturers of In "A House of Cards” he uses somewhat
arms. There is a scene in the capital of each clumsily the dangerous device of misleading
country, and then an impressionistic glimpse the audience. “Playing with Fire" is a
of a battle-field. A pamphlet may be more rather sophomoric study of “calf love.” “The
readable if cast in the form of dialogue, but Traitor" is based on an oddly false notion of
the title-page should not call it a play.
human nature,- the notion that a traitor may
In his latest volume, Mr. George Middleton infallibly be detected by his zeal in urging
gives us some nearly perfect examples of our mercy for another supposed traitor. The
first-mentioned class of plays,—those which other pieces, however, show decided promise;
aim above all at impartial truthfulness. The and the best of them, “Dawn," is a really
action in these little dramas is mostly psycho- strong and brilliant little study in heroism.
logical, or -- shall we say! — spiritual. The Here and there in Mr. Wilde's work one feels
very impartiality of Mr. Middleton's attitude the influence of Mr. Mackaye.
toward conventional morality has brought The four paper-bound plays by Mr. Ken-
upon him the accusation of writing his plays neth Sawyer Goodman show a keen sense of
to prove something; but the charge is an stage values and a considerable range. They
unfair one. He presents no theses; he tries would probably act better than the plays of
merely to depict his people and their problems either Mr. Middleton or Mr. Wilde. Some of
with delicate and intimate accuracy. Placed them, indeed, have been acted, though with
in a given situation, how will each character what success I do not know. They seem
in a small group conduct himself? A young especially well adapted to amateur produc-
woman who has married to escape the frigid- tion; the settings are simple, the action is
ity of a loveless home finds that she cannot rapid, and the parts make no heavy demand
live in peace with her worthless and unfaith- upon the actors. “Back of the Yards" is a
ful husband. So, taking her child, she returns strong and realistic little drama of tenement-
one evening to her father and mother,-- peo- house life in Chicago, dealing with the turn-
ple who, without love, have kept up a respecta- ing point in a street boy's career. “The Game
"
ble appearance.
How will the characters of Chess” is a cleverly constructed and stir-
speak and act in this first interview? This is ring melodrama in miniature, presenting a
the problem of “Circles." "The Groove" is nihilist's attempt on the life of a Czar.
simply a bedtime talk between two sisters, of “Ephraim and the Winged Bear" is a sort
whom the elder has stayed at home to take of fantastic morality, amusing but a trifle too
care of an invalid mother, and the younger grotesque for complete success. “Barbara
has just returned from college. Each has a is apparently an attempt to burlesque Mr.
plan to confide to the other, but the plans are Bernard Shaw,- an ambitious and tolerably
hopelessly in conflict. How will the situation rash undertaking. The fact is that Mr. Shaw,
develop? It is obvious that plays of this sort having reached the limit of extravagance pos-
would require the most finished and intelli- sible to sanity, can twiddle his fingers at the
gent acting if they were to have any success parodists. Mr. Goodman's terrible young per-
on the stage; and even with this, the success son seems scarcely more than a faint copy of
of some of them would be doubtful. Mr. a Shaw heroine, and his valet deus ex machina
Middleton's characters are drawn admirably, a rather wooden imitation of the omniscient
but with an impartiality critical rather than Shavian waiter.
sympathetic. His attitude toward them is too In contrast with Mr. Goodman's high spir-
much that of an entomologist toward his its and exuberant cleverness is the tone of
specimens; his curiosity is too largely intel- simple and quiet sincerity of the "Wisconsin
“
lectual. He not only lacks sympathy, but, as Plays." Miss Gale's “The Neighbors ” is a
.
might be expected, he lacks humor; this is charming little study of life in a small village.
especially noticeable in "The Black Tie," and It is reported that Mis' Ellsworth, who, with
also in “ The Unborn," where the perspective her husband's scanty pension, has a hard time
is at times curiously distorted. By all odds making ends meet, has had a telegram an-
the best of the plays is “A Good Woman”; nouncing that her orphaned nephew of seven
with this possible exception, Mr. Middleton, is coming to live with her. All the neighbors
conscientious and skilful artist as he is, leaves join forces to get up a "shower" surprise
“
us a little cold.
party for her. When preparations are nearly
Much less mature and finished are the plays completed, Mis' Ellsworth appears at Mis’
in Mr. Percival Wilde's collection. Mr. Wilde Abel's with another telegram saying that
seems to be experimenting in various direc- after all the little boy is to be adopted by an
tions. As yet he cares too little for truth to uncle. In this simple plot are introduced a
life, and he lacks a sure sense for stage effect. number of delightful people, admirably char-


1915)
113
THE DIAL
acterized. Who can forget Grandma," forcessive stages of his academic and medical
instance, with her experienced wisdom and education, and the fact that he had to fight
her rebellion against carpet rags? Mr. Dick- out one winter of this Spartan experience on
inson's "In Hospital” is a severely realistic seventy-five cents a week may help to explain,
sketch of the human aspects of a serious now that we have the details of his life before
operation. Though scarcely dramatic at all us, the hitherto unsuspected battles that he
in the narrower sense of the word, in the was compelled to wage with bodily infirmities
hands of a great actor it would be immensely during the greater part of his maturity.
effective. Mr. Leonard's “Glory of the
"Glory of the Eight times he underwent surgical operations,
Morning" is pitched on a distinctly lower chiefly of a critical nature, and always except
level. The heroine, for whom the play is the last time he kept secret from his family
named, is the Winnebago squaw of a French the cause of these “short vacations," as he
fur-trader; the latter turns out to be a noble- lightly styled them. Therefore the record
man in exile, who wishes to take their chil- of his eminent and varied services to his
dren back with him to France. For some
fellow-men, impressive though it had seemed
reason the American Indian makes intracta- before, gains immeasurably in significance
ble material for drama. I cannot recall a when one learns, from Dr. Garrison's faithful
single good dramatic presentation of him in presentation of Billings's life-struggle, the
his native state. In the present case, part of various handicaps and disabilities under
the difficulty is that the story calls for a more which those brilliantly distinguished services
poetic and imaginative treatment than the were rendered. The customary equipment of
author has given it.
illustrations, bibliography, genealogy, and
Altogether, in achievement as well as in index is not wanting to this carefully prepared
promise, this is a notable group of plays. Ten biography, which, let it be added, has been
years ago it could not have been matched by made, as far as possible, autobiographical in
any selection of one-act pieces written in character by the frequent insertion of pas-
America. It looks as if we were going to see sages from Dr. Billings's writings, including
in this generation a really American drama. a fragment of veritable autobiography.
HOMER E. WOODBRIDGE.
In "A German-American's Con-
The apologia
of a German- fession of Faith" (Huebsch),
American.
Professor Kuno Francke of
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
Harvard has brought together five articles
As bluff John Hunter, the
A life of
and three poems already published in various
prodigious famous surgeon, anatomist, and
newspapers and periodicals. Among the arti-
achievement.
physiologist, once said, “no man cles is the now famous open letter to Con-
that wanted to be a great man ever was a gressman Bartholdt on "Neutrality," which
great man.” A fine example of true greatness brings out clearly the difference between the
and entire freedom from any desire for great- | author's undiluted Americanism and the
ness in the world's eyes may be found in the rabid Teutonism of Messrs. Ridder, Viereck,
late Director of the New York Public Library, and their congeners. In this connection, it
who came to that office, with its arduous work is interesting to note the writer's statement
of construction and organization, after hav- that the letter was refused publication by the
ing virtually created the Johns Hopkins Hos- New York “Staats-Zeitung.” For his mod-
pital in Baltimore, the Surgeon-General's eration and tolerance, and his observance of
Library and its justly celebrated catalogue in the amenities during controversy, Professor
Washington, and the laboratory of hygiene Francke deserves commendation above other
for the University of Pennsylvania in Phila- German-American apologists, and one is glad
delphia, not to mention earlier and perhaps to think that he is the spokesman for many
more heroic though less widely known silent and thoughtful Americans of Teutonic
achievements elsewhere. These various ser- descent who do not approve of the vocifer-
vices to science and to humanity are now care- ous propaganda undertaken by their self-
fully recorded, with much else of a more appointed leaders. Yet Professor Francke is
intimately biographical character, by his very far from being a Carl Schurz. The lat-
friend and co-worker in medicine, Dr. Fielding ter was the product of Germany's noblest
H. Garrison, in a substantial octavo volume political idealism, - the revolutionary move-
entitled “John Shaw Billings: A Memoir" ment of 1848; Professor Francke has been
(Putnam). Of good New England stock, but bred under the star of Hohenzollern imperial-
of Hoosier birth and early training, Billings ism, and like most Germans of the profes-
was forced to work his way through the suc- sorial class is destitute of what we somewhat


114
(August 15
THE DIAL
ambiguously call “political sense.” His ideal peats the exploded “Caspar Hauser" myth as
of government is a benevolent despotism in real evidence, while the view of premonitory
which the ills of the people are healed with dreams is hardly standard. The practical
paternal care. Germany's cause, as he sees it, counsel offered by Mr. Bruce in regard to
is just, not because her manner of starting the sleep and sleeplessness is sound and well put.
war or her conduct in Belgium is justifiable
(these are matters about which the author is
The twentieth volume in the
A brief account
significantly silent), but because “Germany of the hero of series of "American Crisis Biog-
to-day is the best governed country in the
Appomattox.
raphies" (Jacobs) is devoted to
world.” Here “best” plainly means “most the soldier who saved the nation in the crisis
efficiently.” That the gap between this sort of our Civil War. Mr. Franklin Spencer
of political thinking and the ideals of Amer- Edmonds is the author, and his book appro-
ican democracy is too wide to be bridged over priately gives considerably more than half of
by a few occasional pamphlets must surely be its substance to Grant's services in the field
evident Professor Francke's lucid and re- from 1861 to 1865. Almost innumerable, as
flective mind.
the writer admits, are the accounts we already
have of the memorable deeds of this great
Mr. H. Addington Bruce is the military commander; but the lesson of his
Handbooks on
editor of the “Mind and Health
life will bear repeated interpretation with the
mind and health.
Series” (Little, Brown, & Co.) passage of the years. Also, the publication in
of which three numbers have appeared. The
recent times of memoirs and letters by various
first is by Dr. James J. Putnam, and deals friends and contemporaries of General Grant
with “Human Motives.” It is a well chosen makes possible to-day a fuller and truer
theme, and is presented with a quiet dignity account of the man than ever before. Com-
and earnest purpose that is consoling when not paratively recent are, for example, the au-
convincing. Dr. Putnam finds two sources of tobiographic and reminiscent writings of
motives,- one in the mental and genetic Generals Howard and James Harrison Wilson
series of impulses to which we are all subject, and Morris Schaff and Carl Schurz, the pub-
,
and the other in the philosophical or religious lication of Gideon Welles's diary, and the
inculcation, whence comes the support of issue of General Meade's “Life and Letters."
ideals. The two, in his opinion, have an equal In his bibliography of important aids to the
authenticity and an equal value. The theme, study of Grant's life, Mr. Edmonds makes no
though attractively set forth, tends to merge
mention of the Howard autobiography, one
into vagueness and lose the substantial of the most valuable and interesting of the
groundwork that one looks for in a physi- military memoirs relating to our great con-
cian's outlook. The residue of good counsel flict and its principal commanders; but he
justifies the essay. In the second volume of does quote some words of Howard's illustra-
the series, Dr. Isador H. Coriat writes of tive of Grant's methods as a soldier. Within
“The Meaning of Dreams," finding that mean- the modest compass allowed him, the author
ing in the Freudian notion of repressed wishes has produced a handy and readable history of
reconstructed by the dream motives of dis- his hero, and one that bears evidences of more
guise and indirect expression. He sets forth than perfunctory preliminary study,
The
the principle of interpretation, and adds a frontispiece shows Grant as he looked at
number of instances of dreams thus inter- Appomattox, in the month of April, 1865.
preted (largely in relation to sex desires and A useful chronological table precedes the
symbolisms) from his own records. Thus reading matter, and certain official docu-
summarized and stated in loose order, they ments of relevant import follow it.
seem utterly unconvincing, and verge upon
the strained logical contortions which Baco-
Although Miss Frances A. Kel-
nian "provers" of their Shakespearean posi-
Problems of lor makes no claim that her
unemployment.
tions have made familiar. It scarcely seems
book “ Out of Work” (Putnam)
probable that the popularization of this move- is other than a revision of her earlier work
ment by evidence thus inviting misconception bearing the same title, the scope and content
on the part of the lay reader, serves any useful of the present book show little resemblance
purpose. The third volume is by the editor of to those of the former edition. Unemploy-
the series, and bears the title, “Sleep and ment continues to be our most difficult and
Sleeplessness," — though the longest chapter perplexing social problem. No one can claim
in the book deals with the somewhat irrelevant to have found a solution for this standing
theme of “Dreams and the Supernatural.” reproach to our modern industrial system.
The volume is distinctly uncritical, and re- Yet it is some satisfaction to know that in


1915)
115
THE DIAL
government.
America as elsewhere the eleven years which characteristic as his mode of achieving them.
have elapsed since the first edition of Miss A certain primitive openness, directness,
Kellor's book appeared have borne some fruit forcefulness, speaks in his pages. He writes
in thoughtful attention to and hopeful plans exactly as a large and strong man who has
for combatting the evil of enforced idleness. done notable things in the world of matter
Such subjects as regularization of employ- and force ought to write; and he shows a
ment, dovetailing of industries, unemploy- memory for details, an ability to marshal his
ment insurance, and vocational guidance, facts impressively and sometimes pictur-
methods which are now the most urged by esquely, that one finds highly enjoyable. As
reformers for lessening unemployment or re- an illustration of the versatility of his genius,
lieving it from its most serious consequences, let it be noted that Sir Hiram has invented an
were not discussed a decade ago. Miss Kel- inhaler for the cure of bronchitis, of which,
lor's earlier work was devoted entirely to a he says, “large numbers are now being sold
study of employment agencies and intelli- all over the world.” What wonder that, after
gence offices.
Considerable improvement in fashioning so many instruments for the
the work of the public agencies and better slaughter of his fellow-men, he takes pride in
regulation of the private offices have taken this device for saving their lives? The book,
place since then ; but much remains to be certainly one of the best of its kind, and bear-
, .
done before these agencies for the distribu- ing the short but sufficient title, "My Life"
tion of labor are in a condition to render (McBride), is well illustrated and in other
adequate service. Miss Kellor believes that technical details worthy of its theme,- the
the most hopeful development of this side of history of a man who has always hated care-
the work lies in the establishment of munici- less craftsmanship.
pal employment bureaus coöperating with
Federal agencies for the distribution of labor.
As an argument for commission
A handbook
She also urges an intensive study of the on commission government, Mr. Oswald Ryan's
extent and causes of unemployment in every
“Municipal Freedom," in the
locality, and of the possibilities of increasing series called “The American Books" (Double-
employment. The better organization of pri- day), leaves little to be desired. As an
vate industries with the purpose in view of attempt to weigh commission government
reducing the long periods of idleness now carefully and discriminate between its advan-
found in the seasonal trades, and the planning tages and its deficiencies, it is very far from
of government work with a view to its per- satisfactory. All the benefits to be secured
formance in dull times, more intelligent direc- by this wiping out of the entire structure of
tion of children in industry, and cautious the old city government- the centralization
experiments in the way of insurance against of power and responsibility, the weakening of
unemployment are the other more important meaningless party lines, the emphasizing of
features in the programme for America honesty and efficiency - are enumerated, with
suggested in the closing chapter of the book. detailed reference to the experience of various
cities. But the author does not tell us why,
If proof is wanted that the first as yet, commission government has seldom
An inventor's essential to success in the world proved a notable success except in cities of
autobiography.
is self-confidence, one need but the third or fourth class in population. He
turn to Sir Hiram S. Maxim's breezy relation does not show the justice of the theory that
of his own rise from obscurity and poverty to city government is almost purely a business
fame and fortune. From his first invention, institution, with few legislative functions, or
,
a remarkably efficient mouse-trap, to his demonstrate how the decisions of a small body
latest triumphs in smokeless powder and auto- of expert executives in questions of policy will
matic guns, he has shown himself a man of satisfy the public as would those of a repre-
endless resource, in shrewdness and capabil sentative assembly. One extraordinary fea-
ity and ingenuity entirely worthy of his ture is the chapter upon “The Coming of the
Yankee birth and breeding. There is some- Burgomaster," in which the author gives his
thing splendid in his well-grounded faith in hearty approval to the scheme for a city
his own powers. Whether it was a wild bull manager, apparently without fully realizing
to be subdued with bare hands, or a village that in its essence it is very distinct from the
bully to be laid low, or some inventive “stunt" commission form, while even the commis-
to perform in mechanics, chemistry, elec- sion-manager plan is a long step toward the
tricity, or the fashioning of lethal weapons, view that municipal administration is an
he was always equal to the occasion; and his exact science rather than an opportunity for
manner of recounting these triumphs is as business knack. Much may indeed be hoped


116
(August 15
THE DIAL
A romance of
love and war
from the innovations in city government; but well known to require notice at this late day
books such as this will scarcely convince us are Mr. Le Gallienne's engaging qualities as a
that it is not the infusing spirit, as opposed writer of prose, - his sympathetic interpreta-
to the machinery, that counts for most. tion of nature, his enthusiasm for the best in
literature and art, the breadth of his view of
“ 'Tis good to be two-and-twenty, things human and divine, the occasional stimu-
with a fine troop of light dra-lating audacities of his thought and style.
in old India.
goons at your back, a-setting out Generous in his praise and unequivocal in his
to seek your fortune, on a cool, brisk morning condemnation, he expresses his opinions with
in an Indian spring. Eh, sirs ! To hack your
no cautious restraint. Of a certain gifted
way to power with your own sword arm and actor's rendering of the final scene in “Ham-
your own resources behind you, what finer let” he says: “I would not exchange any-
champagne for the imagination Half the thing I have ever read or seen for Forbes-
troopers were lads, too, agog to have their day, Robertson as he sits there so still and starlit
full of confidence in the lad who sat at their upon the throne of Denmark.” And of mod-
head, with old Ganesha Singh at the helm for ern magazine editorship he writes with a
wisdom in the evil ways of an Eastern world." plentitude of disapprobation that suggests no
Add that it all befell in the days of the Free little experience (as a contributor) of that
lance proper, the last decade of the eighteenth whereof he speaks. His picture of the nimble
century,” and that the central scene is laid in and sprightly old lady of eighty dancing the
the beauteous vale of Kashmir. Then picture tango with him is most enjoyable. From the
a glorious-visaged, sweet-hearted Afghan prin- first of the book's twenty-nine chapters, the
cess, in whose company our hero learned that one that gives its name to the collection, let us
"the desire for female beauty is at best the quote, in closing, the concluding passage:
desire for a compelling deity in whose service For a while the murmur of the running
men may strike their best notes." After that stream of Time shall be our fellow-wayfarer-
prepare your ear for strange legends of Chris- till, at last, up there against the sky-line, we
tianity in this distant valley, and an echo of too turn and wave our hands, and know for
the “hundredth name of God” and the
ourselves where the road wends as it goes to
"omnific word.” And if you will do all this, meet the stars. And others will stand as we
you may read a romance that will quicken to-day and watch us reach the top of the ridge
your blood, and incidentally convey a very and disappear, and wonder how it seemed to
living conception of men's life and farings in
us to turn the radiant corner and vanish with
a most picturesque land at a most stirring the rest along the vanishing road."
time. The story referred to, “A Freelance in
Kashmir" (Longmans), is from the pen of
The ever-increasing need of
A manual of
Lieut.-Col. G. F. MacMunn, and is written in
constructive efforts to conserve
a style that is vigorous and forward-moving culture.
the remnant of the wild fowl
rather than scrupulously careful or highly and other native birds grows rapidly apace as
polished. A few slips in the proofreading agriculture progresses and the forests disap-
ought not to have been made; but they will
pear, and especially as drainage, reclamation,
probably be more irritating to conscientious
and flood-control destroy the feeding and
reviewers than to anybody else.
breeding grounds of the water birds. The
difficulties of taming the wild fowl, though
The unexplored immensity of great, are not insuperable; and losses from
Beckoning
this universe in which we live, disease among domesticated wild fowl, espe-
its perennial freshness and won- cially quail and grouse, though depleting at
derfulness, its endless multiplicity in unity, times, may be avoided by proper preventive
the fascination of its abiding mystery - these measures. These and many other practical
qualities speak in Mr. Richard Le Gallienne's matters of interest to the would-be cultivator
Vanishing Roads, and Other Essays" (Put- of quail, grouse, pheasants, wild turkeys,
nam), a collection of short prose studies and partridges, pigeons, doves, and waterfowl
sketches reprinted from various magazines, generally are discussed in Mr. Herbert K.
whose editors the author thanks for their Job's “Propagation of Wild Birds” (Double-
"discernment” in giving the pieces "their day), a manual of applied ornithology de-
first opportunity with the reader.” Discern- signed to assist the experimenter and the
ing these editors unquestionably were, and one culturist. It is a constructive work, based on
hopes that many additional readers will profit wide observation of and experience with the
by the discernment of the publishing house birds whose culture is advocated. Illustrations
which now issues the essays in book-form. Too show details of equipment and procedure, and
wild bird
vistas.


1915)
117
THE DIAL
more.
-
delineate the success of well-directed effort. French, it is “a poetic trifle, rarely concerned
Attention is also given to the method and with the solemnities of life.” It is of this
equipment useful in encouraging native song form, largely an artificial product in France
birds to make their homes in garden, field, and an exotic in England, that Miss Helen
and forest. Winter feeding, nesting sites, Louise Cohen has written an exhaustive
nesting boxes, and water and food supply, monograph for the “Studies in English and
are discussed, and methods of protection Comparative Literature of Columbia Uni-
against and warfare on predatory enemies, versity.” The type took some four centuries
not omitting the roaming house cat, are advo- to attain the rigidity of three stanzas and an
cated. The book should do much to encourage envoy, and it lasted in France as form rather
the preservation of our native birds.
than as spirit for two centuries and a half
Miss Cohen's treatise is from the na-
Mr. Daniel Wait Howe's “Politi- ture of its subject not especially inspiring.
Secession and
slavery: an old cal History of Secession" (Put- It deals in some detail with the origins of the
view revised.
nam) is chiefly valuable, perhaps, type from the Provençal balada and the bal-
as a document revealing the mellowing effect lette, and considers it during the years after
of the passage of time upon partisan feeling. the fourteenth century when it was a conven-
That a citizen of Indiana, born of a line of tional form for expression of more or less
Massachusetts Puritans, and himself a soldier barren thoughts on religion, death, the transi.
in the Union army, has been able to write, in toriness of existence (the “Ubi sunt” poems),
his later years, a book so evidently disposed to courtly love, satire, and history. Consider-
fairness constitutes a basis for optimism as to ably more attention is given to the ballade in
the progress of historical scholarship in Amer- Middle English in proportion to the fre-
ica. One topic - African Slavery - is funda- quency of its occurrence; in fact, Miss
mental to the work. Mr. Howe shows that he Cohen's work was begun as a study of the
has control of the original materials, and of ballade in English. And yet with the excep-
tion
.
estimate of John Brown is far different from this period worthy of preservation. A final
the traditional Northern view; and in connec- chapter takes up the ballade in the nineteenth
tion with his narrative of the Dred Scott deci- century in France and England. The book
sion he has made use of the recently-published contains a goodly number of ballades not
“Writings of James Buchanan.” But while hitherto printed, and full bibliographies.
the topic of slavery is thus well documented
and well developed, the emphasis upon this one
Dr. Hendrik Willem Van Loon's
subject is not in accord with the historical
period in “Rise of the Dutch Kingdom ”
vision of to-day, which in the effort to account
Dutch history.
(Doubleday) covers the unfor-
for the Civil War now insists upon an exam- tunate and little-known period between the
ination of other elements,— the influence of flight of the Stadholder William V. before the
immigration and the diffusion of European soldiers of the French Republic in 1795 and
race stocks, the development of the transcon- the establishment of the constitutional mon-
tinental railroads, and the like. Even as to archy under his son as William I. in 1814.
negro slavery, the author has apparently left Numerous Americans who have heard Dr. Van
unexamined the writings of Mr. A. H. Stone Loon lecture will recognize in his written work
and Mr. U. B. Phillips. Minor errors occur, the same qualities that make his spoken dis-
such as the statement that Virginia ceded to
course so entertaining, - a crisp and per-
the general government the territory now in- spicuous style, light and easy movement, the
cluded in Kentucky (p. 10), and the statement presentation of essentials in clear relief, and a
that Arkansas was admitted to the Union in spicy humor. A month after he had finished a
1820 (p. 59). But notwithstanding such defi- series of summer session lectures at the Uni-
ciencies as these, the work is a contribution to versity of Wisconsin, Dr. Van Loon was on
American history that was worth the doing. Belgian soil, where, on Christmas night, 1914,
he dedicates his work " to the five soldiers of
Origins and
The ballade is known almost the Belgian army who saved my life near
development of entirely from two or three ex- Waerloos," hoping "that their grandchildren
the ballade.
amples, the most perfect being may read a story of national revival which will
the exquisite "Mais où sont les neiges d'an- be as complete and happy as that of our own
tan " of Villon, and the next, not far removed, land.” Let us trust the story they read will
the beautiful “Truth, Balade de Bon Con- be as lively an interpretation of the Belgian
ceyl” of Chaucer. In its revival in the nine- eclipse by Germany as Dr. Van Loon's is of the
teenth century, both in English and in temporary obscuration of Holland by France.
A little-known
-


118
(August 15
THE DIAL
66
BRIEFER MENTION.
NOTES.
A new edition, revised and enlarged, of George
The views of Sir Oliver Lodge on The War
Palmer Putnam's “ The World's Progress has and After ” will be published in book form at an
been continued to date under the editorial super-
early date.
vision of the compiler's son, Mr. George Haven “ Towards International Government” is the
Putnam, and is published under the title, “Tabular title of a new work by Mr. John A. Hobson, which
Views of Universal History (Putnam). The will be published shortly.
original scheme has been preserved of presenting, A new novel by Mr. Compton Mackenzie, author
in parallel columns, a record of the most note- of “Carnival," etc., will be published in September
worthy events in the world's history,- a scheme under the title of " Guy and Pauline."
which adapts itself admirably to the needs of the
student who wishes to memorize dates and events
Maxim Gorky's vivid autobiographic memoirs of
through the assistance of visual association. To
his childhood and youth, now appearing in “ The
this new edition is added an index -
English Review," will be brought out in book form
an indis-
pensable aid for quick reference to a volume of
by the Century Co.
this kind.
“The Mask of Death," an autobiographical frag-
Two useful handbooks for those who conduct
ment by Gabriele D'Annunzio, has been translated
meetings under the rules of parliamentary law
with an introduction by Arundel del Re, and will
have recently been issued. The latest revision of
be published before long in London.
“Robert's Rules of Order Revised” (Scott, Fores- “ The Admirable Painter: A Study of Leon-
man & Co.) contains nearly twice as much mate- ardo da Vinci," by Mr. A. J. Anderson, based on
rial as the last previous edition of this little vol- the painter's notebooks, and illustrated with repro-
ume, which has practically been accepted as the ductions of his works, is soon to appear.
standard manual on parliamentary points since its Mrs. John Lane has in the press a companion
first publication in 1876. “ Shattuck's Parliamen- volume to her sprightly book, "According to
tary Answers” (Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co.) is Maria," entitled “Maria Again." It will shortly
" alphabetically arranged for all questions likely be published in this country by the John Lane Co.
to arise in women's organizations.” It is more
informal than “Robert's Rules,” and perhaps on
"An American Garland," being a collection of
that account may seem better adapted to the needs
ballads relating to America, 1563-1759, has been
of the novice.
compiled and edited by Professor C. H. Firth, and
will be published early in September by Mr. B. H.
In "Anerican Women in Civic Work” (Dodd),
Blackwell of Oxford,
Miss Helen Christine Bennett has described the
“ Sunset Balconies " is the title of a new volume
careers of eleven living American women who
bave attained distinction in some branch of social
of poems by Mr. Thomas Walsh — his first since
work or civic service. Portions of the sketches
the appearance five years ago of “Prison Ships
were printed originally in some of the popular plan to issue next month.
and Other Poems” – which the Macmillan Co.
magazines, and the readable quality which ap-
peared in them has been preserved. Of the The new novel of Irish life by George A. Bir-
women whose public service is described, the best mingham, which will appear next month under the
known, perhaps, are Jane Addams, Anna Howard title of “Gossamer," is brought down to the world
Shaw, Ella Flagg Young, Lucretia L. Blankenburg, crisis in August last, and culminates in the effect
Frances A. Kellor, and Annie Fellows Bacon.
on the lives and fortunes of its characters of the
The sketches are highly appreciative, even lauda- declaration of war.
tory; yet in no instances do they become extrava- A coming addition to the books about the Kaiser
gant. There should be inspiration in them for will be Mr. Edward Legge's The Public and
women everywhere.
Private Life of Wilhelm II.," to be published
Teaching literature through emphasis on its
shortly. Mr. Legge is the author of biographies of
human and personal aspects, through a study of King Edward VII. and the Empress Eugénie, both
the picturesque features of its background, and
of which have won considerable attention.
through an appeal to the dramatic instinct of the A book of personal reminiscences and impres-
boy or girl of high-school age, has been the aim of sions of Bronson Alcott and his family, by a friend
Miss Maude Morrison Frank in the preparation of of the famous transcendentalist, is announced in
her little volume of five “ Short Plays about the volume of "Alcott Memoirs," compiled from
Famous Authors ” (Holt). The idea is novel and the papers, journals, and memoranda of the late
practical, and much helpful fun is in store for the Dr. Frederick L. H. Willis. In a literary way, the
pupils who decide under Miss Frank's guidance book is likely to prove one of the most interesting
to impersonate Goldsmith entertaining Squire
of the autumn season.
Featherston with school-boy swagger, Heine at A new romance by Mr. Anthony Hope, entitled,
twenty-one, Fanny Burney at Court, the family of “A Young Man's Year" — the first novel to come
the eleven-year-old Charles Dickens released from from the author since the publication four years
debt on Christmas Eve, or Shakespeare in the ago of “Mrs. Maxon Protests" - is announced
fairies' realm defying Time himself with the aid of for autumn publication. The hero of “A Young
Titania and Puck.
Man's Year” is “Arthur Lisle, of the Middle


1915]
119
THE DIAL
Temple, Esquire," and the story recounts his for-spondence. Mr. Gosse has had at his disposal all
tunes and his doings, professional, speculative, and the Houghton manuscripts, and he has received
venturesome.
help from Lord Morley, Lord Bryce, and other sur-
Under the title of “ The Superman in Modern
viving friends of Swinburne.
Literature” there will shortly be published the An original edition is to be published of a thir-
translation of a work by Leo Berg, tracing the teenth-century French religious poem in praise of
genesis of the superman idea far beyond the days the Virgin Mary, “Li Romans dou Lis,” contained
of Nietzsche, through a great number of writers, in a unique manuscript in the library of Mr. J.
many of them outside Germany, including Carlyle, Pierpont Morgan. The manuscript formerly be-
Emerson, Kierkegaard, Flaubert, and Renan, longed to Lord Ashburnham. A critical introduc-
showing how the superman idea has permeated the tion was written by the late Dr. Frederick C.
work of modern poets and novelists, especially in Ostrander, Adjunct Professor of Romance Lan-
Germany.
guages in the University of Texas, as a memorial
Undeterred by the storm of contumely brought
to whom the present edition is being issued by
down upon him by the publication of his “ Common
Mr. Morgan through the Columbia University
Sense about the War," Mr. Bernard Shaw is Press. The poem itself, which is in strophic form,
planning the early publication of a detailed discus- and composed in various metres, numbers over
sion of the settlement that must follow the war.
4200 verses.
“I am the gravest public danger that confronts Under the title of “Makers of the Nineteenth
England,” announced Mr. Shaw recently, “ because Century," Messrs. Holt, in conjunction with an
I have the strange power of turning the nation pas- English publishing house, have in preparation a
sionately away from the truth by the simple act of new series of biographies, of which Mr. Basil
uttering it."
Williams, the biographer of Chatham, is to be the
Thomas Young Crowell, founder and for many general editor. Most of the books will deal with
years head of the publishing business now known as Englishmen and Americans, but it is also intended
the Thomas Y. Crowell Co., died in Montclair, New to include biographies of men of all countries who
Jersey, on July 29. Mr. Crowell was a prominent have had a definite influence on thought or action
figure among the older school of American publish- in the nineteenth century. The first four volumes
ers. In the work of making the classics of literature to appear will be “ John Delane" by Sir E. T.
available at a low price in well-produced form he Cook, “Abraham Lincoln ” by Lord Charnwood,
was almost a pioneer in this country; and on other “ Herbert Spencer" by Mr. Hugh S. Elliot, and
accounts, also, his name deserves to be held in “Abdul Hamid ” by Sir Edwin Pears. Biographies
honored remembrance in the annals of American of Cecil Rhodes, Victor Hugo, General Lee, and
publishing
Lord Shaftesbury are also in preparation.
Some sidelights on the Franco-Prussian war and The announcement of a newly collected edition of
the establishment of the Third Republic are prom- Mrs. Aphra Bebn's works is followed by news of a
ised in the “ Memoirs of M. Thiers,” to be pub- study of “The Life and Romances of Mrs. Eliza
lished shortly. The book is compiled from personal Haywood,” who was described by Horace Walpole
papers, notes, memoranda, and other documents as the counterpart of Mrs. Behn, and by Swift as
left by Thiers. A selection of these, dealing with a “stupid, infamous, scribbling woman.” It was
the years 1870-1872, was edited by Thiers's sister- Pope, however, who gave Mrs. Haywood her most
in-law and his former secretary, and printed in unenviable immortality — in some of his coarsest
France for private circulation. The book has lines in the “ Dunciad” – for following the exam-
now been translated into English by Mr. F. M. ple of Mrs. Manley, and “such shameless scrib-
Atkinson.
blers,” in repeating in her tales the scandalous
Mr. Richard Whiteing's volume of reminiscences, gossip of her day. The forthcoming book on the
to be called “ My Harvest,” will be published in the
life and romances of her contemporary, Mrs. Hay-
early autumn. It gives an account of Mr. White-
wood, has been written by Dr. George F. Whicher,
ing's early life in London and of his first journal-
of the University of Illinois, for the “ Columbia
istic efforts on the “ Evening Star," with Justin University Studies in English and Comparative
McCarthy as editor, and William Black and Sir
Literature."
Edward Russell as his colleagues. Mr. Whiteing We learn by way of London of a forthcoming
was a special correspondent in Paris during the study of “ William Wordsworth: His Life, Works,
closing years of the Second Empire, and his book and Influence," by Professor George McLean Har-
has something to say about Taine, Flaubert, the per, of Princeton University, to whom we already
younger Dumas, Octave Feuillet, and other French owe a critical biography of Sainte-Beuve. It is
men of letters.
based to a large extent on fresh material, and, in
Our readers will welcome the announcement that particular, will add to our knowledge of Words-
Mr. Edmund Gosse has at last finished his “Life worth’s connection with the French Revolution, and
of Swinburne,” though the book will not be pub- of his visit to France in 1791, when he became inti-
lished until after the war. Another book now mately acquainted with the republican General
ready for the press is a collection of Swinburne's Beaupuis. Professor Harper has also been able to
posthumous poems, edited by Mr. Gosse and throw fresh light upon other periods of Words-
Mr. Thomas J. Wise; while Mr. Gosse has also in worth's career, about which scarcely any informa-
preparation a selection from Swinburne's corre- tion has been available hitherto. The book, which


120
(August 15
THE DIAL
Fool,"
," “ The Greater Glory," and the rest of the
now familiar stories that have made the writer's
name famous in many lands; for he has been trans-
lated extensively, even, against his will (as it is
said), into Dutch. Perhaps the unflattering quality
of his pen-pictures of the middle-class society of
Holland may help to explain his choice of a foreign
language as his vehicle of expression, and his reluc-
tance to have his books translated into his native
tongue. Though not to be ranked with the immor-
tals, Maarten Maartens won well-deserved fame as
an unsparingly truthful delineator of Dutch char-
acter, and his achievement is the more remarkable
from his self-imposed handicap of an alien idiom
in which to command the attention of the public.
"
"
.
promises to be one of considerable importance as a
contribution to the study of Wordsworth's life and
thought, will be published in the autumn.
Taking advantage of the opportunity presented
by the elimination of the Tauchnitz Series in
France, Russia, and Italy, Monsieur Louis Conard,
the Paris publisher, announces for publication in
the English language throughout the Continent of
Europe a series of the latest (and forthcoming)
copyrighted novels of the leading British and
American authors. It was at first intended to
await the conclusion of the present war before
launching this enterprise, but it has been decided
to begin publication at once with “ Bealby," the
new story by Mr. H. G. Wells, and “ Delia Blanch-
flower," the latest novel by Mrs. Humphry Ward.
During the war new books will be issued at the
rate of at least one a month. Later in the year, it
is hoped to put forth books at the rate of one a
week. The series is to be published at two francs
a volume.
A publication that has enjoyed wide popularity
in England recently is “ The Book of France,"
edited by Miss Winifred Stephens, and published
in aid of the fund organized by the French Parlia-
mentary Committee for the relief of the invaded
Departments. Except that it begins with an ad-
dress by Mr. Henry James, and closes with a poem
by Mr. Rudyard Kipling, all the articles are the
work of French men of letters. But the feature of
the book is that, following each article, there
appears a translation by some of our most distin-
guished English writers. Mr. Thomas Hardy is
responsible for two extracts — a tribute to Great
Britain by M. J. H. Rosny, ainé, and some reflec-
tions on the invasion of France by M. Remy de
Gourmont; as a rule, he keeps close to his original,
though he sometimes employs a more expressive
word, in one place rendering "notre sentiment" by
our heart's wound.” Mr. Henry James's version
of “ The Saints of France" by M. Maurice Barrès
is quite in the style of Mr. Henry James; while
Mr. H. G. Wells's translation of his own name
deserves to be noticed. M. Anatole France wrote,
in his opening sentence: “ Ils se réalisent les
rêves prophétiques de H. G. Wells." Mr. Wells
translates this as follows: “ The prophetic night-
mares of our scientific fantastics are being lamenta-
bly realized.”
The author of " God's Fool," who in the quarter-
century of his literary activity wrote almost a score
of successful novels — all under the pseudonym,
“ Maarten Maartens died on the fourth of this
month at the age of fifty-seven years lacking eleven
days. Joost Marius Willem Van der Poorten-
Schwartz, as the novelist was known to his relatives
and friends, was born at Amsterdam, spent much
of his boyhood in England, was educated at the
Royal Gymnasium in Bonn and the University of
Utrecht, studied law and afterward lectured on law
at the same university, but ultimately chose litera-
ture for a profession, achieving his first decided
success therein with his novel, “ The Son of Joost
Avelingh.” Then in rapid sequence came “An Old
Maid's Love,” “A Question of Taste," “ God's
>
66
.
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
August, 1915.
“A. E.": Irish Mystic and Economist. E. A. Boyd No. Amer.
Actress, Autobiography of an
Everybody's
America and World Peace. Arthur Bullard
Century
America First! George Harvey
No. Amer.
Architectural Modeling. Percy Collins
Am. Homes
Armies, Phantom. Mrs. St. John Mildmay No. Amer.
Art, Modern. Marius De Zayas
Forum
Art in the Trenches. Armand Dayot
Century
Artist, Education of the. C. G. La Farge
Scribner
Bacon, Friar Roger. Frederic Harrison
No. Amer.
Book-plates. Gardner Teall
Am. Homes
Bryan, W. J., Position of. G. F. Milton
Rev. of Revs.
Cape Cod Farmhouse, A Remodeled. Jeannette L.
Hulbert
Am. Homes
Choiseul, Madame de. Gamaliel Bradford
Sewanee
Christ and War. J. M. Wilson
Hibbert
Churchill, Winston, Country of. Brooks Henderson. Bookman
Clematis. Gardner Teall
Am. Homes
Colonial Seats in Philadelphia. i. D. Eberlein
Am. Homes
Congestion, Cost of. Agnes Laut
World's Work
Consciousness, Distant. Waldo E. Forbes
Atlantic
Coöperation and Foreign Trade. W. F. Wyman World's Work
Cotton and Other Crops. Edward Ingle
Rev. of Revs.
Dabney, Richard. Earl L. Bradsher
Sewanee
Democracy, Duplicity of. Alfred H. Lloyd Am. Jour. Soc.
Dostoievsky, Art of. W. B. Trites
No. Amer.
Dostoievsky and Tolstoy. James Huneker
Forum
Dover House, A Remodeled. Mary H. Northend Am. Homes
Drink in France, Fighting. Arno Dosch
World's Work
East, Wild, of Europe. Burton J. Hendrick World's Work
Educational Fantasy, An. Winifred Kirkland Atlantic
Embroidery, Leaf Borders for. Monica Bastin Am. Homes
Force, Moral Sanction of. Norman Smith
Hibbert
Forestry Situation, The A. E. Hawes
Pop. Sc.
Frost, Robert. Edward Garnett
Atlantic
German Spirit, America and the. J. H. Crooker Hibbert
Germany, Behind the Scenes in. Eva Madden
Hibbert
Golden Rule, The. E. A. Sonnenschein
Hibbert
Green Mountains, In the. Louise C. Hale
Century
Harvard Library, The New. W. J. Price
Sewanee
Henry Street, The House on - VI. Lillian D. Wald Atlantic
Industrial Art, Exhibition of. Howard James Am. Homes
Inscriptions, Old English. Bernard Holland
Hibbert
Lazarovich, Princess, Reminiscences of — I.
Century
Legislation, Initiation of. Edgar Dawson
Sewanee
Life, The Waste of. Elaine G. Eastman
Pop. Sc.
Life and Chance. John Burroughs
No. Amer.
Lisbon and Cintra. Ernest Peixotto
Scribner
Lloyd-George's Fight against Liquor. Harry
Jones
World's Work
Magazine in America, The - vi. Algernon Tassin
Bookman
Matter, Constitution of. Ernest Rutherford
Pop. Sc.
Mexico, Religious Question in. Luis Cabrera
Forum
Mississippi, Sovereignty of the George Marvin World's Work
Monson, Sir William. Wilbur C. Abbott
Sewanee
Mosquito Sanitation - II. L. 0. Howard
Pop. Sc.
Negro Exposition at Richmond. P. F. Jones Rev. of Rers.
Negro Vote, The. James C. Hemphill
No. Amer.
New York's Constitution. W. B. Shaw
Rev. of Revs.
Norman Angellism under Fire. Roland Hugins Forum
Northcliffe, Lord. Sydney Brooks
No. Amer.
Pacifists, Questions for. H. M. Chittenden
Atlantic
Pan-American Financial Conference, W. G.
McAdoo
World's Work
Pasha, Enver. Lewis R. Freeman
Rev. of Revs.
Powder-horns. Elizabeth Lounsbery
Am. Homes
Professionalism. Hubert Langerock
Am. Jour. Soc.
Progress, Human. Victor S. Yarros
Am. Jour. Soc.
Prohibition in Russia. Stephen Graham
World's Work
Race Segregation in the United States. P. A. Bruce Hibbert


1915)
121
THE DIAL
.
Religion, Evolution of. Edward C. Hayes Am. Jour. Soc.
Richland Centre. Walter A. Dyer
World's Work
Ritualistic Ceremonies, Primitive. Clark Wissler Pop. Sc.
Sargent, John S. John Cournos
Forum
Short-ballot Principle, The. F. A. cleveland' Rev. of Reve.
Simplicity and " Social" Literature. E. A. Thurber Sewanee
South American Novels and Novelists. Isaac Gold-
berg
Bookman
Stanton, Edwin M. Gamaliel Bradford
Atlantic
State against Commonwealth. A. D. Lindsay Atlantic
State vs. the Man in America. Truxtun Beale
Forum
Stratton-Porter, Gene, Popularity of. F. T. Cooper Bookman
Submarine, The, as Peacemaker. Herbert Quick American
Tennis, Rise of. Louis Graves
Century
Thackeray Portfolio, A-II. Brander Matthews Bookman
Trade, American, in War. James Middleton World's Work
Unity in Discord. Eugène Troubetzkoy
Hibbert
Value and Social Interpretation. J. E. Boodin Am. Jour. Soc.
Venizelos and Greater Greece. T. L. Stoddard Rev. of Revs.
Virtuous, The Dull, and the Brilliant Wicked. H. M.
Allen.
Sewanee
Von Hindenburg : General and Man.
w. ċ. Dreher Atlantic
War, Advantages of. John L. McMaster
Sewanee
War: An Inventory. Winifred Kirkland
No. Amer.
War, Chemists' Side of the. Hugo Schweitzer Rev. of Revs.
War, Cost of a Year of. C. F. Speare
Rev. of Rev8.
War, English Attitude toward the. F. W. Whitridge Scribner
War: How to Meet It. A. Keene
Hibbert
War, One Year of. Frank H. Simonds
Rev. of Revs.
War, Psychology of. G. T. W. Patrick
Pop. Sc.
War, The Money Side of the
American
War, United States and. Charles Vale
Forum
War and Non-resistance. Bertrand Russell
Atlantic
War and Progress of Society. I. W. Howerth Pop. Sc.
War and the Theory of the State. J. A. R. Marriott Hibbert
War Philosophy: Hindu and Christian. S. M. Mitra Hibbert
War Selection in Europe. David S. Jordan
Pop. Sc.
Whiteing, Richard, Reminiscences of — II.
Bookman
Whitman in Camden. Horace Traubel
Forum
Wilde, Oscar, New Hellenism of. William Chislett, jr. Sewanee
Women, New Profession for. Earl Barnes
Atlantic
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
(The following list, containing 190 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
HISTORY.
Napoleon in Exile: St. Helena (1815-1821). By
Norwood Young. In 2 volumes, illustrated in
color, etc., large 8vo. John C. Winston Co.
$7. net.
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(Sept. 2, 1915
THE DIAL
Forthcoming Macmillan Novels
Important New Books by Leading Authors
H. G. Wells's New Novel
The Research Magnificent
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Pronounced by those critics who have read it
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Old Delabole
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God's Puppets
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Deal Woods
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Chained Lightning
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SEPTEMBER 2, 1915
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CONTENTS.
PAGE
It would probably be too much to say that
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Arabian story-teller has been a feature of
Eastern life in all ages. The Mabinogion
were Welsh stories told to the children of the
chiefs by the winter fireside. The Icelandic
Sagas answered the same purpose. In Italy
when the Novelli were in bloom they threat-
ened for a time to displace all other literature.
And the golden age of even the modern short
story must perhaps be placed some time
back, when the German Romantic writers and
Irving, Hawthorne, and Poe made new rec-
ords in the art.
The rank of the larger works of literature
of the past is pretty well fixed. Until re-
cently, however, short stories have hardly been
given any rank at all; and though the world
knows very well which of them it likes best,
there is considerable difference of critical
opinion in the matter. It may be worth while,
therefore, to offer a judgment and argument
as to what are the best dozen or so in existence.
Before we bring our candidates on for judg-
ment, we must have some rules for guidance
in crowning them. In the first place, then,
we think the short story should be unitary.
Character, its development and its opposi-
tions, the form hardly has room for. It is not
so much who acts, as what happened, that is
important. Theme, incident, and setting are
therefore the prime requisites. In the second
place, the great short story should have a cer-
tain universality. It should be capable of
general acceptation,— it should not be stopped
at the frontier of any country as alien or
hostile. In the third place, it ought to have
as much originality as anything human can
possess. It ought to do something for the first
time, or it ought to do something better than
it ever has been done before. It ought to be
THE BEST SHORT STORIES. Charles Leonard
Moore
133
CASUAL COMMENT
136
Editorial initiative.- Commission
governº
ment and the public library.— The mission
of mirth.- Russia's dearth of books and
libraries.— The restoration of Fruitlands.-
The last member of an old publishing firm.
– Purging a language by fire.— Franklin's
epitaph.- A Byronic discovery.-- Art in the
library.— The geographical distribution of
simplified spellers. An incentive to Italian
patriotism.- In somnolent Nippon.
COMMUNICATIONS
141
A Plea for Allegory. Morris Schaff.
William Vaughn Moody and William Blake.
Wm. Chislett, Jr.
Ancient Precedents for Present-Day Policies.
David Y. Thomas,
Publications of the Illinois State Historical
Society. J. Seymour Currey.
CHRISTIANITY'S FIERCEST ANTAGONIST.
James Taft Hatfield
A NEW PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY. Carl
Becker
146
ESSAYS IN MINIATURE. am Morton
Payne
148
OUR SOUTH AMERICAN NEIGHBORS. Wal-
ter L. Fleming
150
BELGIUM'S POET-LAUREATE. Benj. M.
Woodbridge
152
THE INNER LIFE OF MUSIC. Louis James
Block
155
NOTES ON NEW NOVELS
156
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
158
Some portraits and assertions.— Two travel.
lers in Central Africa.— Books for the way.
farer's pocket.— Fact and fiction in the form
of autobiography.— The German soldier's
vade-mecum.- Aspects of contemporary jour-
nalism.- A Florentine sculptor of the 15th
century.- Mediterranean memories.
NOTES
162
TOPICS IN SEPTEMBER PERIODICALS 164
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
164
144
.
.
.
.
.
.
.


134
[ Sept. 2
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66
9
a sort of key, opening a door to new vistas of prose it is of course most important. And as
the mind.
the work of a single man, it displays great
Antiquity has transmitted to us few, if any, variety and originality. Yet many of the
good short stories. The materials for them pieces are not stories at all, but merely briefly
existed in abundance, and doubtless many
told incidents. A good many more are after-
were written; but if so, they have perished. dinner yarns,- only in this case, told before
The Lost Tales of Miletus are a tradition, and the ladies have withdrawn. “ Theodore and
only the gist of the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus Honoria,” “Cymon and Iphigenia," and "Isa-
has come down to us. Lucian comes nearest bella” are magnificent narratives, but they
of any of the ancients to being a short story have rather been wrested from Boccaccio by
writer; but most of his works are in dialogue, Dryden and Keats. All in all, we can select
so they do not count for our purpose. And only one story-- "Federigo and his Falcon";
when we reach Æsop we get into another but in revenge it strikes the highest and
form, - as we do in the Indian fables of Pils purest note of any piece on our list.
pay. The Scandinavian, Irish, and Welsh Germany is a perfect jungle of Märchen,
legends are magnificent literature; but from or short stories. But we are hunting for what
none of them does the short story, as we con- may be called world tales, and we confess we
ceive it to-day, emerge.
can think of but few in German literature.
It is not until we reach “The Arabian Chamisso's “Peter Schlemihl ” is one. And
Nights” that we find the type fixed for all we must have “Undine,” also, though it is
time, and stories produced which have never
rather too long to come under the genre we
been surpassed. The book indeed contains are considering; but it fulfils all our require-
the germs, at least, of all possible kinds of ments, and its vogue makes it indispensable.
short stories, and its influence has been pro-
The popular legend of "The Flying Dutch-
digious. Without stretching conscience much,
man ought to be on our list too; but we are
we could almost fill our list of the world's acquainted with no prose recension of it
twelve most famous short stories from this except that of Heine's, which hardly comes
book alone. But we must save some honors up to the mark. Baron Munchausen is a type,
for the moderns, and besides there are rea-
but the stories he tells are either too brief or
sons which rule many of the Arabian tales are imitations of older work. Altogether, the
out. We think, then, that "Aladdin,” “The German contingent brings our accepted mas-
Sleeper Awakened,” and “Ali Baba” fulfil terpieces to six.
the three requisites we have named. They The French short story writers have every-
are closely wrought in incident and scene; thing the Germans lack — perfect form, wit,
they have been accepted all over the world, point, charm. Yet ranging among them, from
and have furnished proverbial words or Cyrano de Bergerac down through Chateau-
phrases; and they have been imitated and briand, Lamartine, Musset, Balzac, Gautier,
reproduced in many forms. Sindbad the Mérimée, Maupassant, it is rather difficult to
Sailor” and “The Barber and his Six Broth- find a story which is at once perfect, pro-
ers” are equally great, but they are groups foundly original, and winged for world-wide
of tales rather than single pieces. “Prince circulation. Musset's “White Blackbird” is
Camaralzaman and Princess Badoura" opens charming and significant; and Mérimée's.
magnificently, but it dies away into Eastern "Carmen," in one shape or another, has made
extravagance. The same is true of Cam- the voyage of the world. But we hardly think
buscan and his Horse of Brass." There are that either of them is universal enough.
many other pieces in the collection that are Though “Paul and Virginia,” like “Undine,"
immortal. One in particular probably gave transcends the short story form, it is the only
Poe the basis on which he founded the throne tale we can conscientiously include in our list.
of that detective dynasty which seems to rule A few years ago Maupassant was considered
modern literature. It is difficult to over- the last cry in short story genre. He has
estimate the importance of “The Arabian great merits, it is true, but his pieces are more
Nights” in the history of the short story. like epigrams than stories. And we doubt very
The next great collection is that of Boccac- much whether they have yet sunk, or will
cio. As a monument and the mould of Italian ever sink, deeply into the world's mind.
66
6


1915)
135
THE DIAL
The prose short story was a long time get- Such a collection would be a revelation to
ting itself domiciled and growing to greatness modern readers. Poe took the crown of the
in England. The essayists, Addison, Steele, short story from his own head and placed it
Goldsmith, have hints and adumbrations of on Hawthorne's; and the latter has an im-
it; but what they produced were sketches of mense, though we believe a rather fading and
character, vignettes of adventure. Dr. John- ineffectual, fame in this art. With the best
son, in “Rasselas,” was perhaps the first who will in the world, we cannot yet accept any
did what comes near to being the real thing. one of Hawthorne's short stories for our final
That piece, however, is too long, too heavy, few. Perfection of execution they have, and
and too full of moralizing to answer our pur- a kind of originality. But they have been
pose. Sir Walter Scott's “Wandering Wil- stopped at the frontiers of other countries,
lie's Tale" fulfils all our requisites; though and they have not much influenced succeed.
perhaps because it is embedded in a novel, it ing writers. Poe is in himself a rival for all
has not had all the fame it deserves. Mrs. the host of authors of “The Arabian Nights."
Shelley's “Frankenstein ” would satisfy us, His influence on the short story has been para-
too,-- only she did not know how to construct mount and overwhelming. We should select
or when to stop. She furnished a proverbial from him “The Gold Bug," "The Murders in
figure for the world, but the story itself is the Rue Morgue,” and “ The Fall of the House
hardly readable. De Quincey had all the art of Usher,” — not because these are the best
and accomplishment of a first rate short things in his prose, but because they are his
story writer, and he taught the business to best short stories, and because they have led
others. Nearly all his great successors have the whole world to follow and imitate them.
felt his influence. But for one reason or Instead of the twelve stories we set out to find,
another, nothing of his own is in the running. we now have a baker's dozen. Yet we must
"The Spanish Nun” and “The Flight of a add one more, for Bret Harte was really the
Tartar Tribe” have immense verve and inter- precursor of the best English short story writ-
est, but they are historical pieces. The two
.
ers of recent times. If Stevenson is to have a
papers on “Murder Considered as One of the place, then the American cannot be neglected.
Fine Arts ” almost form a short story; but, Any one of a half dozen of Bret Harte's sto-
after all, they are essays. Bulwer's “The ries will do, but perhaps in “ The Luck of
Haunted and the Haunters” is perhaps the Roaring Camp” the new view he opened and
best ghost story ever written, but it is too lack- his universality are most apparent.
ing in humanity ever to be seriously consid- As we have intimated above, we think that
ered for our laurelled company. Dickens, there have been more great American short
Thackeray, George Eliot, Meredith,— has any story writers, and more of a calibre only less
one of these been more successful in this than the greatest, than in any other country.
regard? We doubt it. It is not until we come Away back in the dawn of our literature there
to Stevenson that we get any real competi- is “The Story of Peter Rugg," – a good
-
tor for place. There are half a score of variant on the "Flying Dutchman " theme.
“
Stevenson's stories so equally good that it is Fitz-James O'Brien wrote two or three sto-
difficult to choose between them. None of
ries of great merit. Colonel Higginson's
them, however, has quite the universality we "Monarch of Dreams" is a superb piece of
should desire; but we will take “A Lodging writing, and Edward Everett Hale's “Man
for the Night” as the nearest to our standard. without a Country” makes plain sober fact of
For some reason or other, America has been impossible fiction. Thomas Bailey Aldrich
the modern home of the short story. That invented a plot of surprise, and his stories are
form has seemed to suit both the talents of our full of grace and charm. No one has ever
writers and the tether of our public's patience. been more oddly original than Frank Stock-
Irving's "Rip Van Winkle" is as famous as a ton. Recently "0. Henry" wrought out the
story can be; it is known everywhere. There unexpected with a terseness which the French
are many other of Irving's pieces which are might envy. There are others who have done
only a little less excellent; and we wonder lasting work; and we believe, as we have said
that some publisher does not issue a single before, that our achievement in this field sur-
volume collection of a score or so of them. passes anything that other nations can show.
66


136
(Sept. 2
THE DIAL
Of course it must be understood that all the
CASUAL COMMENT.
hypercriticism in the foregoing paragraphs is
merely an attempt to get at the essential types EDITORIAL INITIATIVE, as opposed to edito-
of the short story. Innumerable pieces that
rial subserviency to a real or supposed popu-
we have passed by are good and more than
lar demand for unwholesome reading matter,
good. And of course we do not attempt to sit daily and other periodical publications. All
is conspicuous in comparatively few of our
in judgment on living masters of the art.
the more cheering, therefore, is it to find cer-
Going over our selections, we find that four
tain strong and wise utterances on the subject
among them, “Aladdin,” “Peter Schlemihl,” by journalists and writers of principle and
“Undine,” and “Wandering Willie's Tale," purpose, in a “Symposium " constituting one
deal with the supernatural. Two others, "Ali of the chapters of “The Coming Newspaper,"
Baba” and “Rip Van Winkle," have to do
a book noticed more in detail on another
with the marvellous which hardly amounts to page.
Dr. Charles M. Sheldon feels con-
the supernatural. “The Sleeper Awakened'
vinced that “the daily paper, the magazine,
is a tale of pure humor and human nature.
and every other periodical, have just as much
of a duty to give the people the thing they
"Federigo and his Falcon," and "Paul and
need instead of what they want, as the minis-
Virginia ” are stories of young love and devo-
ter has to give his people what they need
tion. “The Gold Bug" is the exemplar of all instead of what they want.' Of course, as it
possible treasure stories; as "A Lodging for
may be worth while to say in passing, what
the Night” is of the nomad and vagabond the people “want” is really, in the etymologi-
species. “The Fall of the House of Usher” cal sense of the word, nothing else than what
gives us intellect dominant and in ruin, with they "need," though they do not know it.
nature sympathizing with it. “The Luck of
What they sometimes foolishly wish and
Roaring Camp” is a good specimen of primi- clamor for, is another thing. But even this
unwise longing may be less spontaneous, less
tive and adventurous life. And lastly, “The
unfostered from without, than is commonly
Murders in the Rue Morgue" launched the
assumed. Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard, recog-
detective into literature, with all the interest- nizing that "the newspaper — certain news-
ing or horrible consequence of that debut. We
papers at least — is largely responsible for
think this fairly covers, and in good propor- the public's low taste," continues, signifi-
tion, the main strands suitable for short story cantly: “It would be well worth your while,
weaving. That there will be in the future any if you are not familiar with the journals of
wide departure from these themes seems to us 1850 to 1865, to hunt up some bound volumes
unlikely, though of course minor threads of
of the New York 'Tribune' and 'Herald' and
the web of life may be taken up and devel-
the Springfield 'Republican,' and other news-
papers of the time, and study them; and you
oped. One thing is noticeable about our
will be surprised what fine newspapers they
elect, - none of them is extremely short. The
were, what fine standards they had, how intel-
great masters have refused to turn their sto-
ligent was the comment. Editorially, they
ries into Dodonian oracles.
were, of course, superior to the bulk of the
What is the place of the short story in lit- newspapers today. They were clean; there
erature? The very qualities we claimed for it were no large headlines. They were as effi-
in starting preclude it from the first rank. cient as we are in the way of giving the news
In a form where there is not room enough to
and giving it accurately. I don't think that
swing a cat, there cannot be equality with the
we can plume ourselves over that generation
of editors, for all our modern facilities.”
great dramas, epics, or novels. In a form
Assuredly there were editorial giants in those
where character is secondary, great action, days, but there is no reason to believe that
passion, thought can hardly be developed. the secret of good editorship was buried with
Design and plot, too, must be curtailed, though them.
perhaps these gain as much as they lose by
condensation. What is left to the short story
COMMISSION GOVERNMENT AND THE PUBLIC
is uniqueness. It is really a prose poem, and
LIBRARY have not yet become minutely famil-
iar with each other's ways. Fears are still
must take its place with the short verse nar-
felt in some quarters lest existing library
ratives and ballads. It can hardly have the
laws and usage and precedent may fail to
literary value of these; but it can be, and is chime harmoniously with the new order of
more popular.
CHARLES LEONARD MOORE. procedure introduced into municipal affairs


1915)
137
THE DIAL
66
by the recent form of city government known widely known for his syndicated “Vest-
as government by commission. Thus far no Pocket Essays" that have long enlivened a
disastrous conflict of interests has come to host of newspaper readers, went to California
general notice, but all the possibilities of the in quest of health, and his death was an-
situation have doubtless not yet been ex- nounced on the very day his readers were
hausted. Meanwhile it is cheering to note in enjoying his jest at the identical disease that
at least one commission-governed city-Bir- prematurely cut him off. George Heleghon
mingham, Alabama — a cordial coöperation Fitch, not to be confused with Mr. George
between commissioners and library officials. Hamlin Fitch of the San Francisco “ Chron-
A late number of “The Birmingham Maga- icle," was born at Galva, Illinois, June 5,
zine," a creditable publication such as one 1877; was graduated from Knox College in
may look for in vain in hundreds of larger 1897; entered upon journalism, and began to
cities, contains an article of some length on win more than local fame about ten years ago
“Social Service Work of the City Com- with his witty “Transcripts” in the Peoria
mission," written by President George B. “Transcript," of which he had become man-
Ward, of the Birmingham Board of Commis- aging editor. Four years ago he severed this
sioners, and replete with evidence that the connection and devoted himself to less ephem-
schools, the library, the parks, playgrounds, eral literary work. In addition to his "Vest-
welfare and health departments of various Pocket Essays,” of which a collection was
sorts under the city's control are objects of published last year under the title, "Sizing
more than perfunctory attention from the up Uncle Sam," he wrote “ The Big Strike at
administrative authorities. Especially notice- Siwash,” “At Good Old Siwash,” “My Demon
able is the interest taken in the development Motor Boat,” and “Homeburg Memories.'
of the public library, which has a history of He died on the ninth of August. On the very
only five years to look back upon, but already same day, or the next (there are conflicting
makes a showing that compares favorably reports), there died another contributor to
with the well-known useful activity of Atlan- the sum of human cheerfulness, Charles
ta's similar institution, though the latter is Heber Clark, or “ Max Adeler,” as he chose to
more than three times as old; and this record call himself when writing in lighter vein.
of Birmingham's progress in the populariza- Known in Philadelphia and beyond as a
tion of good literature synchronizes with the manufacturer and a writer of repute on
history of commission government in that economics, the tariff, and kindred themes, he
city, as is pointed out with justifiable pride also produced books whose purpose was to
in the following words: “When the Com- entertain and amuse. "Out of the Hurly-
mission came into office the Birmingham Pub- Burly” is a collection of stories widely popu-
lic Library was an organization. kept up by lar and so heartily enjoyed, it is said, by the
paid subscriptions and reaching but a limited Emperor of Austria that he sent the author a
number. To-day, as a free public library, it gold medal. “Elbow Room is another vol-
is the epitome of service and efficiency under ume of the same nature. “Captain Bluitt,"
the splendid management of Mr. Carl H. "In Happy Hollow," "The Quakeress," and
Milan.” Difficult would it be to find any “By the Bend of the River” represent his
municipal chief magistrate under the old more sustained efforts in fictitious narrative,
order of things expressing himself with such but are touched with the same geniality that
intelligence, zeal, and public spirit of the best had early marked him as a very enjoyable
sort, on the social welfare work of his city, as humorist. He was born at Berlin, Maryland,
one notes in Mr. Ward's utterance.
July 11, 1841, and died at Eaglesmere, Penn-
sylvania, at the age of seventy-four.
THE MISSION OF MIRTH in literature is no
unimportant, no undignified one; and the Russia'S DEARTH OF BOOKS AND LIBRARIES
rôle of the proverbial jester who purveys fun appears so great, to one viewing the vast
and cheerfulness to all the world while his empire as a whole, that it might not be far
own heart may be breaking is of a heroism from the truth to call Russia a bookless na-
and a pathos not always recognized. The tion. Until the late prohibition of the sale of
late Charles Battell Loomis, writing books of vodka (except in the Caucasus and central
amusement and touring the country as a pro- Asia, where the government does not control
fessional humorist, was all the time slowly this sale) the sole distraction from the tedium
dying of an incurable malady and fully con- of a hard existence had been found in drink,
scious of the hopelessness of his condition. with the great mass of the common people.
A younger contemporary of his, George Fitch, But with the discontinuance of that sale,


138
(Sept. 2
THE DIAL
"After
which dates from the outbreak of the present changed.” She adds that the building was a
war, though the causal connection between the pathetic object indeed when she took it in
two is much less close than is commonly as- hand, dilapidated and empty except for a
sumed, there has been a natural longing for few old odds and ends in the garret; but its
spare-hour amusement or occupation, a long- present refurnishing she asserts to be “au-
ing that will eventually, it is hoped, find a thentic in every way," with the community
worthier gratification than was formerly fur- bean-pot recovered, and Joseph Palmer's
nished by the ubiquitous dramshop. Money, oxskin money-bag, Charles Lane's cowhide
too, as well as time, is now increasingly at the trunk, Mrs. Alcott's Paisley shawl, letters of
peasant's disposal, thanks to the new order of Louisa Alcott, and Mr. Alcott's spectacles, in
things. Mr. Stephen Graham, who knows the addition to the furniture of the several rooms.
country as few but the Russians themselves Fruitlands is now open to visitors three days
know it, writes on “Prohibition in Russia" in in the week - Tuesday, Thursday, and Sat-
“ The World's Work,” and predicts a remark- urday — during the summer. Miss Sears de-
able growth of culture among the people as serves the gratitude of her own generation
soon as peace is restored. He says:
and of posterity for her rescue of this object
the war there must flow from the great cities of historic and literary interest.
of the West of Russia books, papers, dress
materials, musical instruments, pictures, guns
[the last-named might be dispensed with].
THE LAST MEMBER OF AN OLD PUBLISHING
And more schools must be established, more
FIRM, John Wesley Harper, died at Bidde-
concert halls, lecture halls. There will be
ford Pool on the fourteenth of August, at the
age of eighty-four. Had he lived a year and
more schooling, reading, music, hunting. If
the policy of the Russian Government with
seven months longer he could have joined in
regard to drink remains unchanged for the celebrating the centennial of the House of
Harper, to the second generation of which he
next ten years, it is safe to predict a most
extraordinary contrast between the condition
belonged, being the son of John Harper of the
of the country now and the condition as it
original J. & J. Harper, established in March,
must be then.” The probability of this con-
1817. Graduated from Columbia College in
tinuance is asserted, and to the Czar is
1852, at the head of his class, he chose medi-
ascribed the credit thereof. Surely here is
cine as his profession, and went abroad to
virgin soil for the labors of library extension study and to discover that he had no vocation
for the healing art; so he returned, entered
ists and other promoters of popular culture.
the paternal business house, and became a
member of the firm in 1869, with Philip J. A.
THE RESTORATION OF FRUITLANDS by Miss Harper, Joseph W. Harper, Jr., Fletcher
Clara Endicott Sears, of Boston, whose ac-
Harper, Jr., and Joseph Abner Harper. The
count of the eccentric Fruitlanders and style, “Harper & Brothers,” had been adopted
their “ Consociate Family” is one of the nota-
in 1833, and the business increased so rapidly
ble books of the season, is cause for congratu-
that when the subject of this sketch assumed
lation, Miss Sears bought the property two
the presidency of the firm in 1897 there was
years ago. It adjoins her summer place at
said to be no publishing house equal to it in
Harvard (the town, not the university), and
the extent of its dealings. With the reorgani-
her intelligent zeal and generous expenditure
zation that was made necessary by financial
of money have put the old house back into its
embarrassments fifteen years ago, Mr. Harper
condition of sixty-two years ago, when Alcott
retired from business; and though there still
and his little band of visionary reformers
continue to be Harpers in sufficient number
took up their residence there. As far as pos-
at the famous Franklin Square establish-
sible, the original furniture has been rein-
ment, the older stock has lost its last repre-
stated, and to-day Miss Sears feels justified sentative. For a full and entertaining his-
in saying: “The house is now exactly as it tory of those earlier publishers the reader is
was in 1843. The foundations of the chim-
referred to "The House of Harper," by Mr.
neys were intact so that I was able to rebuild
J. Henry Harper, published a few years ago.
them as they were. The paint had entirely
disappeared with time, but under the eaves PURGING A LANGUAGE BY FIRE is the process
there remained patches of red, and I was that may be said to have been begun with the
able to give it again the old ochre-red color German tongue when the fatherland drew its
which it had worn in the early days. The sword against the non-Teutonic world. En-
old granary has been turned into a home for glish, French, Russian, and Italian words or
the care-taker, but the structure was not derivatives are now an abomination in Ber-


1915)
139
THE DIAL
66
lin, and the resources of the native speech are desires of the covetous as this bit of scribbling
being strained to supply home-made equiva- from Franklin's pen. In its unrevised form it
lents for these foreign terms. A former En- runs as follows: The body of B. Franklin,
glish Lecturer at the Karlsruhe Hochschule printer, like the cover of an old book, its con-
writes of “The Wor and the Werld Langwij” tents torn out and stript of its lettering and
in “ The Pioneer ov Simplified Speling,” pre- gilding, lies here, food for worms. But the
dicting an increase in the cosmopolitan use of work shall not be wholly lost, for it will, as he
English when peace is restored, and a stricter believed, appear once more, in a new and more
confinement of German to the land of its perfect edition, corrected and amended by the
origin. Transposing the spelling of the arti- Author.” Then is added the date of birth,
ele in question, let us quote a few sentences. with so much of the date of death ("17")
The writer believes that “one result of the as could at that time be conjectured with rea-
victory of the Allies is that Germany will con- sonable certainty. Division into lines, with
tinue the process of elimination of foreign capitalization, has here been disregarded. In
words which they began on the outbreak of the revised copy the logical Franklin, reason-
the War. During the six weeks I was in ing that “perfect” admits of no degrees of
Karlsruhe after the War began, this move- comparison, substituted "elegant," and he
ment to replace French and English words by also enclosed in parentheses his likening of the
native German equivalents had begun. The lifeless body to the outside of an old book.
* Café Piccadilly' had become ‘Gasthaus zum Other minor changes also appear.
Vaterland.' A 'beefsteak' had been chris-
tened a 'Rindstück’... The French ‘sauce'
has become a ‘Tunke.' And so on. With A BYRONIC DISCOVERY, or what the discov-
English already spoken by 130,000,000 per-
erer believed to be such, forms the subject of
sons (the writer's figures, and they are not
the opening article in “ The English Review"
excessive), and German hopelessly out of the for August. The late Bertram Dobell, some
running, while not even French ("the patois years ago, came into possession of a small
of Europe,” as Walter Bagehot called it) can pamphlet entitled “A Farrago Libelli: A
vie with English in extent of its use, there is Poem, Chiefly Imitated from the First Satire
surely some reason to expect an increasing of Juvenal.” It was “printed for Mr. Hatch-
employment of our tongue as a world-speech ard, 1806," and, according to a note at the
- unless the Esperantists carry the day, foot of the first page, “written at Twicken-
which is not at present likely, or unless, after ham, 1805.
ham, 1805.” Mr. Dobell held his copy to be
all, we non-Teutons should have the speech of unique, and believed the piece to have been
General von Bernhardi rammed down our suppressed by its author immediately upon
throats with German sabres, which is also its appearance. The poem itself, running to
not among the probabilities.
three hundred and forty lines, and Mr.
Dobell's critical commentary, fill twenty-four
pages of the above-named magazine. A gen-
FRANKLIN'S EPITAPH, written by himself at eral resemblance in style to "English Bards
the age of twenty-two, an age when this sort and Scotch Reviewers" is manifest in the
of literary exercise has a purely academic satire, and many special points of resem-
interest which it loses in later life, has for a blance the commentator thought he had
dozen years been accessible to the curious in detected and took pains to place before his
such things, in the valuable autograph collec- readers. Not entirely convincing is the able
tion of the Library of Congress, for which it argument, either in general or in detail,
was acquired from the government archives, though there appears no good reason why
which at an earlier date had secured it from Byron, even though but nineteen years old
the papers of William Temple Franklin. But at the time, might not have written the fluent
it now appears that this cherished autograph verses (in the familiar decasyllabic metre of
is a revision (by the author and in his hand- English Bards”) composing the “Farrago."
writing, it is true) of the original inspiration, Yet it is not a production of sufficient merit
which has lately been brought to light in the As- and distinction to bring any access to Byron's
pinwall papers and secured, through a Boston fame, should he finally be accounted the
dealer, by Dr. A. S. W. Rosenbach of the city author.
in which it was written. These papers, once
the property of Colonel Thomas L. Aspinwall, ART IN THE LIBRARY, in the form of paint-
in his time a noted collector of Americana, ings, engravings, statuary, rare bindings, fur-
must contain a multitude of almost priceless niture of tasteful design, and in the entire
items; but probably few would so excite the architecture, external and internal, of the


140
(Sept. 2
THE DIAL
;
.
library building, takes a place that need be are named, each represented by a single col-
second only to that of literature. The ways lege. Simplified Speling in the Pres," an
of popularizing art through the public library article in the same journal, presents a similar
are many, and those who would learn some- tabulation in respect to newspaper and peri-
thing about their number and variety should odical adoption of the new forms; and here,
read Miss Mary McEachin Powell's "Making too, the zeal of the interior contrasts with the
Art Popular through the Library," an ac- paucity of interest on both coasts, except that
count of this kind of work in the St. Louis California (unrepresented in the former list)
Public Library, by the head of the depart- reports one perverted newspaper, and Wyo-
ment. In ten chapters or sections, filling a ming nine, including two student publica-
pamphlet of fifty pages, Miss McEachin de- tions. Here, then, we have a sort of meeting
scribes the development and success of her of extremes - East and West agreeing to re-
branch of the library. Among other interest- tain the old spelling, and the central region
ing details, we read that every month two showing more desire for a change. Does this
paintings from the City Art Museum, selected geographical arrangement, after an analogy
by the Director of the St. Louis School of that will occur to the reader, imply that the
Fine Arts, are displayed in the Children's subverters of the present order have the
Room; and once a week the Director himself strategic advantage ?
comes and gives a talk on these paintings to
children of the fifth and sixth grades, and to
AN INCENTIVE TO ITALIAN PATRIOTISM takes
those of the higher grades, alternately. Forty
or fifty young listeners, with several teachers,
the form of a popular paper-covered edition,
in the language of Dante and Petrarch, of
comprise each of these groups, and an effort
that famous American masterpiece of more
is made to secure constant attendance and thus
than half a century ago, “ The Man without
render the course progressive. Informality
on the lecturer's part encourages participa-
a Country.” The compatriots of Garibaldi
are of just the sort to be fired by such a tale
tion on that of the children in the discussions,
and it is reported that the audience shows his preface calls the greatest American of his
from the pen of one whom the translator in
intense interest and carries away vivid and time. A writer in “ The Christian Register”
lasting impressions. Pupils of the above relates that he once asked Dr. Hale whether
named art school have contributed many
he himself really felt his wonderful story as
pleasing and some striking illustrations to
deeply as he made the reader feel it.
So
Miss McEachin's pamphlet, which contains a
greater variety of readable and instructive prompt and emphatic was the affirmative an-
swer as to leave no further doubt in the
matter than can here be indicated.
questioner's mind. This kind of feeling, with
all that it too often implies of international
THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SIM-
antagonism, is perhaps not in great need of
PLIFIED SPELLERS offers food for reflection,
strengthening just at present in any Euro-
whether or not the reflector is able to arrive pean country, however glad we may be to see
the fame of Dr. Hale and his best-known
at any general law governing the outbreak
and spread of the peculiar mania to which
work of literature widen its bounds.
these persons are victims. In the current
number of the “Simplified Speling Bulletin ” IN SOMNOLENT NIPPON, according to Mrs.
is a list of universities and colleges and nor- Yosano, one of the “new women” of Japan,
mal schools, grouped by states, that have there is still a sad need of the awakening call
given their sanction to simplified spelling; of literature to dispel the slumberous vacuity
and the briefest glance at the table shows the into which the natives, unless actively em-
middle West to be the stronghold of the cult, ployed, are ever prone to fall. She writes in
with surprisingly few adherents in the East a late issue of " Taiyo," as quoted (in English
and in the far West. The South, too, seems not always quite orthodox): “The Japanese,
either prudently conservative in the matter or men and women, are often seen dozing off
apathetic. In New England only three insti. their ride on public vehicles, to wit the train,
tutions, including a normal school in Ver- the tram, the stage coach, etc. There may be
mont, appear on the list; and outside of New some excuse for this in the afternoons of the
England there are but two other Atlantic long-day season. But they do it when days
states (New York and Pennsylvania) in are short, and in the morning at that. The
which opposition to the accepted orthography Europeans in transit are always reading
has developed any strength. West of the something and never look tired. The dif.
Mississippi basin only Colorado and Oregon ference is striking." And further: "The
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1915)
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THE DIAL
Japanese in general are given to sleeping in mental soil, or the refining and strengthening and
daytime. The students fall asleep in the exalting influence of imagination taking flight?
class room, the Ministers of State and Repre-
But above all and more than all, how many who
sentatives of people go off dozing in the Diet,
are now dust, heirs to adversity and sorrow, had
their toiling and obscure lives cheered by the sight
preachings and public speeches send the audi-
of the Delectable Mountains, and by hearing the
ence to dreamland. A majority of Japanese harps and trumpets which greeted poor Pilgrim –
people are always tired — they seem to be suf. the nearest brother to the average man that pen has
fering from nervous debility." Few writers, ever produced — at the end of his long journey!
whether native or foreign, have more severely May we not, then, visit this ancient mound in the
censured the Japanese for superficiality, imi deserted field of literature with profit, loiter around
tation, easy content with the present and what
it for a while, and from time to time hear voices out
it offers, than does this representative of that in the lives of thousands whose clay is now blended
of the past proclaiming what a part allegory played
far-eastern nation. Her advice, which may
with the common earth? Surely it does the soul
not be the easiest possible to follow, is that good to be a listener when the past speaks.
the Japanese should adopt a more invigorat- And finally, to pursue the figure another step, let
ing diet, eat more meat, and thus brace them- us mount to the top. Lol off to the east where
selves for a more energetic assault upon life's literature's dawn first flushed, what star is that we
problems, both material and spiritual.
see amid a glowing constellation of Prophets and
Seers? It is David with his harp, singing pure
allegory in the eightieth psalm. Nearer in Poetry's
garden and in our own tongue, Spenser's Faerie
COMMUNICATIONS.
Queene is singing pure allegory to the rapt enjoy-
ment of the lords and ladies of England; and
A PLEA FOR ALLEGORY.
along green hedgerows and among the poor and
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
lowly, John Bunyan is singing the Pilgrim's Prog-
It may be said without exaggeration that what ress toward the Celestial City. Was there nausea
is known as cultivated taste,-
that is, the taste of
then? No; for then the primæval forests of the
readers who in the main enjoy the educational
mind were still shadowing the elementary and
advantages of wealth or good breeding,— turns
natural feelings of man's nature; and warmed by
from Allegory with a feeling akin to nausea. So
the poet's high-beating heart, they gathered and
keenly do the editors of our magazines realize the
bloomed into allegory, just as the wild plum and
intensity of this aversion that a manuscript carry-
the wild rose's elements, feeling the warmth of
ing about it the slightest scent of allegory is
nature's heart, burst into bloom.
rejected immediately. With the spirit of a ram-
And are those elements out of which they spring
bler who finds a pensive pleasure in the deserted
still in the soil of the mind? Yes, I think there is
fields of literature, let us look into this matter a
abundant evidence that they are still there. Take
little. There may be some profit in the task, too; Shelley's ode “ To a Skylark," which is certainly
for no one can visit a prehistoric mound, or even
not nauseous, at least up to this date in our march
a grassy depression in a pasture once the cellar of
toward utter fastidiousness,, does it not open with
a long since vanished cabin (and is not mind and
allegory? Or take that first stanza of “In State"
vacant cellar allegory's metaphorical kindred by a
by Forcythe Wilson, oversoaring in my judgment
common fate?) without some creative stir in the
all other poems of the Civil War period, not except-
mind.
ing Lowell's banner-waving and patriotic rhetoric,
That pure allegory was a natural growth in the
with its well-burnished and glistening common-
field of literature is as well established as that the
place. Here we certainly have allegory,
wild plum and the wild rose blossomed everywhere O Keeper of the sacred Key,
in the primæval forests of our country. What
And the Great Seal of Destiny,
then? Well, we know why the wild plum has dis-
Whose eye is the blue canopy,
appeared; and it is for a like reason that the alle-
Look down upon the warring world, and tell
us what the end will be."
gory has gone. The plum's life was possible only
in the shadows of those mighty woods, with their To sum it all up, go where you will in the fields
deep and rarely broken silence. But now the pio- of living prose and poetry, and you will find it;
neer's axe rings, the big trees fall, sunlight floods not blooming exactly in the old obvious way, but in
in, and the wild plum dies. So with allegory: profound unselfconsciousness. Allegory, then, like
when the primæval forests of the mind, so to speak, every creation of the mind, must bring writer and
were cleared off, pure allegory could not stand the reader into a state of perfect unselfconsciousness,
sunlight of obviousness and gave up the ghost. that state of mind which Spenser's and Bunyan's
White, sweet, and modest was the wild plum's readers were in.
bloom, - and it has its analogue in style, for style Dreary, machine-made, and wooden in its gait is
is the flowering of literature; sweet and modest the most of our current prose. If the editors of
was allegory's bloom, too, and rich and impor- our magazines would encourage natural expression
tant was its fruit. For who can measure the value and natural gait, sooner or later cultivated taste
of newly awakened and spontaneous ideas in virgin would find itself unselfconscious; and lost in the


142
(Sept. 2
THE DIAL
presence of sincerity and beautified truth, the mental denial of evil here; nor is there in Blake.
pages of their magazines might be what Spenser's But Moody calls on the good to contend with evil;
and Bunyan's pages were to their readers, glow- Blake bids the good embrace evil, that Christ may
ing inspiration.
MORRIS SCHAFF.
forgive.
Boston, Mass., August 24, 1915.
Reminiscent of Blake's childhood, when “God
put his face to the window" (Moody and Lovett's
History of English Literature," p. 265) are
WILLIAM VAUGHN MOODY AND WILLIAM
Moody's lines in "Jetsam”:
BLAKE.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
“Once at a simple turning of the way
I met God walking."
Of William Vaughn Moody's Idea of God,
Professor Manly says (Introduction to “ Poems A passage in Act II. of the mystical drama, “ The
and Poetic Dramas of William Vaughn Moody,"
Faith Healer," moreover, recalls Blake's pre-
p. XLII.): “It was not a formal philosophical con-
creation visions. Michaelis says to Rhoda: “Be-
ception, but a poetical vision incorporating the
fore creation, beyond time, God not yet risen from
most diverse elements of culture." We believe that
his sleep, you stand and call to me, and I listen in
no one has yet pointed out that the writings of
a dream that I dreamed before Eden.” Finally,
William Blake were one element of that culture. Moody's “ Death of Eve: A Fragment” probably
“God figures ambiguously in Moody's poetry,"
owes a suggestion to Blake's “ Ghost of Abel.”
continues Mr. Manly; sometimes as the Puritan Moody writes with enthusiasm of Blake in his
God, whom he does not love and in whom he does “History of English Literature” (pp. 265-6);
not believe; sometimes as the no less anthropomor- mentions him in his “ “ Letters (autumn, 1895);
phic God from whom he cannot keep his fellowship
and refers to him in his edition of Milton (pp. 100-
and love."
101). “Outwardly Blake led a regular, quiet,
Now Blake had two Gods also, the “God of laborious life,” he says in the first,“ all the while
this World,” corresponding to Moody's Puritan pouring out poems, drawings, and vast propheti-
God, and the Supreme God, whose anthropomor- cal' books, full of shadowy mythologies and mysti-
phic nature he set forth in his painting, his lyrics, cal thought-systems, which show that his inward
and his Prophetical Books.
life was one of perhaps unparalleled excitement
Moody was no such heretic as Blake, yet in his
and adventure. . . In him the whole transcendental
“Masque of Judgment” he “spoke out in meet-
side of the Romantic movement was expressed by
ing," - to quote his own words in a letter to hint and implication, though not by accomplish-
Professor Schevill, June 8, 1897. To Mrs. Toy ment.” Four-fifths of William Blake would not
again (Dec. 12, 1900) he writes that the poem is
be accepted for publication by the Harvard Advo-
a plea for passion as a means of salvation every-
cate," he observes in a humorous letter to Josephine
where latent." The mythological machinery, he
Preston Peabody; with a note of fellow feeling,
says, “symbolizes the opposed doctrine — that of perhaps, for a romanticist more floridly extrava-
the denial of life. As Christianity (contrary to the gant” than his early self. Finally, by way of con-
wish and meaning of its founder) has historically trast and correction, he writes as follows in his
linked itself with this doctrine, I included certain edition of Milton: “ William Blake, in one of
aspects of it in this mythological apparatus
his prophetical books, says that Milton's house in
always with a semi-satirical intention." Moody's
the spiritual kingdom is Palladian, not Gothic.
satire and passion here correspond to Blake's war Palladian it is, and in this century we have dwelt
on historical Christianity, and his exaltation of by preference in the Gothic house of mind, loving
Imagination. Of course they do not include Blake's
the wayward humor of its adornment, the mys-
Everlasting Gospel of Jesus, with its theory of ticism and confusion of its design. But from time
constant and willing forgiveness of all Sin and its
to time we must purify our vision with the more
identification of Christ and Man with God.
ample and august lines of the house which Milton
Moody, on the contrary, accepted good and evil
has builded.”
WM. CHISLETT, JR.
in the world, as Blake did; but he did not recom- Stanford University, Cal., August 21, 1915.
mend evil-doing as the first law of Salvation. He
wished good and evil to contend with one another,
ANCIENT PRECEDENTS FOR PRESENT-DAY
that good might be exercised, and triumph. In
POLICIES.
Act V. of the “Masque of Judgment" Uriel tells
Raphael that God "loved not life entirely, good
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
and ill”; adding, “when evil dies, as soon good
In the course of the disputes which led up to the
languishes”; whereupon Raphael, the friend of Peloponnesian war, a conference was called at
Man, exclaims:
Sparta. After the injured parties had aired their
" Would he had spared
grievances against Athens, certain Athenian envoys
That dark Antagonist whose enmity
who chanced to be in Sparta on other business
Gave Him rejoicing sinews, for of Him,
addressed the assembly. According to Thucydides,
His foe was flesh of flesh and bone of bone, they made no attempt to answer the charges
With suicidal hand He smote him down,
brought against them by the Megarians and the
And now, indeed, His lethal pangs begin.” Corinthians. Instead, they recited the leading part
In “The Brute," again, the evil that lurks in played by Athens in driving back the barbarian
modern machinery and Efficiency is overpowered in (Persian) invaders, and told how an empire had
the end by good and serves it. There is no senti- come to her as a natural result. “So we have not
66


1915)
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THE DIAL
done anything marvellous or contrary to the dis- 1913,-- that is, more than two years ago. It would
position of man, in having accepted an empire that seem reasonable to expect that instead of a delay
was offered to us, and not giving it up, influenced of over two years, the transactions should have
as we are by the strongest motives,- honor, fear, been published within a few months of the meeting,
and interest; and when, again, we had not been the or at least some time within the year in which it
first to set such a precedent, but it has always occurred.
been a settled rule that the weaker should be con- If this example is followed, the annual meeting
strained by the stronger; and when, at the same of May, 1914, will not be reported for another
time, we thought ourselves worthy of it, and were year; and meantime the meeting of May, 1915, has
thought so by you, until, from calculations of taken place, and must wait in its turn until two
expediency, you now avail yourselves of the appeal years from the present time before its transactions
to justice, which no one ever yet brought forward will appear in print. It is difficult to understand
when he had a chance of gaining anything by why these long delays are necessary. What oc-
might, and abstained from taking advantage." curred of importance at the meeting of May, 1914,
(Book I., Sec. 76.)
we shall not know for another year, so far as the
War resulted. After it had been in progress for “ Transactions" can inform us, and we must
several years, the Athenians decided to annex the depend upon other sources of information if we
little island of Melos,, the only one in the Ægean should become impatient. Fortunately, the Society
Sea, except Thera, not already theirs. Possibly began in 1908 the publication of a quarterly which
this action was due in part to fear that this Dorian brings to its friends more recent information, and
colony might become the base of Spartan opera- obviates to a certain degree the necessity of rely-
tions, and also to the desire for a “scientific ing upon the “ Transactions." The quarterly, too,
frontier"; possibly they desired more lands for publishes many contributions not read as papers
distribution among Athenian citizens.
But more
at the annual meetings, and carries out the pur-
weighty than the last-named reason, if we may poses of the Society in placing before its readers
believe Thucydides, was the fear that the indepen- a large amount of historical information. In addi-
dence of Melos might incite the Athenian subjects tion, the Society issues from time to time special
to 'revolt. Having landed on the island with a volumes covering subjects the treatment of which
strong force, they sent ambassadors to demand sub- is too lengthy to be presented as papers in the
mission. When the Melians demurred, the ambas- “ Transactions” or as contributions to the quar-
sadors warned them to “think of getting what you terly. There have been nine such special volumes
can; since you know, and are speaking to those printed since 1903. Before the quarterly began
who know, that, in the language of men, what is publication, the “ Transactions” became bulky,
right is estimated by equality of power to compel;
and the volume for 1904 attained a thickness of
but what is possible is that which the stronger seven hundred pages, so that the series presents a
practice, and to which the weak submit.” The great variety of thick and thin volumes, very dif-
Melians trusted that the gods would favor them, ferent in appearance from the publications issued
since they were “standing up in a righteous cause by the other great historical societies, which gen-
against unjust opponents." "As to the gods," re- erally are published in volumes of nearly uniform
plied the Athenians, we hold as a matter of opin- size.
ion, and as to men we know as a certainty, that in The value of these publications, in whatever
obedience to an irresistible instinct they always form they are printed, is very great; and care in
maintain dominion, wherever they are the stronger. their preparation is evident both in the fulness of
And we neither enacted this law, nor were the first the references and the necessary editing. Indexing
to carry it out when enacted; but having received is carried out thoroughly, and research work by
it when already in force, and being about to leave students is greatly aided in the consultation of the
it after us to be in force forever, we only avail various works. The work of the Illinois Historical
ourselves of it, knowing that both you and others, Society is a monument of painstaking endeavor,
if raised to the same power, would do the same.' which should meet the approval of its friends and
(Book V., Secs. 89, 105.)
justify the interest shown by the legislators in
The modern man can only ask, Is this law that providing for its needs as they have done.
might makes right really to be perpetual?
Returning to the volume of “ Transactions " for
DAVID Y. THOMAS.
1913, of which mention was made at the beginning
University of Arkansas, August 25, 1915.
of this communication, there is something to be
criticized aside from the long delay in its publica-
tion. Like all the previous volumes of the series,
PUBLICATIONS OF THE ILLINOIS STATE the printing and binding are lacking in the artistic
HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
finish we might well look for in publications of
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
this character. Comparing the publications of the
A thin volume of a hundred and thirty-eight
Illinois society with those issued, for example, by
pages, entitled “ Transactions of the Illinois State the Mississippi Valley Historical Association,
Historical Society, for the year 1913,” has recently where every attention is given to printing, quality
reached me, in which is printed the secretary's
of paper, etc., it is seen that there is much room
report, list of officers, and the papers read at the for improvement in the Illinois publications.
annual meeting of the Society. The meeting thus
J. SEYMOUR CURREY.
reported was held in Springfield, May 15 and 16, Evanston, II., August 19, 1915. .
66


146
[Sept. 2
THE DIAL
was
>
At the end of 1888 came paralytic stroke, concepts such as one never encounters except
and from this time Nietzsche's writings were by overhearing in public conveyances on
but the disconnected utterances of a feverish Thursday afternoons. A is secretly setting B
patient, though perhaps not so noticeably dif- against N; Frau Baumgartner has always to
ferent, in form or content, from those which warn against the treacherous counsels of Frau
preceded this attack. There followed long Overbeck. Old confidences and friendships
years of helplessness, at first with intermit- are continually undermined, and give way to
tent periods of sanity. In 1897 the Weimar suspicion and deadliest hatred. The real
home (now converted into the beautiful blemish in the biography is that it serves as
Nietzsche-Archiv) purchased, where the grosse Wäsche for a mountainous German
every kindly ministration was loyally given accumulation of household linen, accompanied
by the devoted sister. After 1899 the invalid by a lack of reticence which is simply incredi-
became gradually weaker, and in the follow- ble to the Anglo-Saxon.
ing year the wearied body was laid to rest Let us, finally, be thankful to Nietzsche for
under the shadow of the little church of his his brave formulations: he has given a gallant
fathers in Röcken.
banner to be displayed, and the battle now
The sheer fascination which Nietzsche exer- joined between his ideals and those of love
cises upon his readers derives in no small part and tenderness is the real Armageddon, beside
from his captivating style of writing — or, which all noisy racial, dynastic, and economic
rather, his styles. Often a mere trick of warfares are merely episodes. We must
rhyme (Hohlköpfe: Kohlkröpfe), an inciden- reckon squarely with the conception of “a
:
tal simile, a mint-new epithet (“moraline- race that will conquer and dominate or die in
free virtue"), a smart paradox showing the the attempt”; of the impossibility of culture
full perversity of epigram: “Is mankind except on a foundation of slavery. We must
made better by civilization? A comic ques- weigh fairly the doctrine, “any society that
tion, since the opposite is self-evident, and is instinctively rejects war and conquest is on
precisely that which is in civilization's favor”; the decline, and ready for democracy and a
“Virtue remains the most expensive vice.' government by shopkeepers." No confidence
'
He has no dread of repetition, but plays end is betrayed by the present reviewer when he
lessly upon a very few ideas. In his method remarks that the American consciousness
of approach to vital problems, he shows a stands hopelessly dazed before this philosophy.
more than Rousseauian ignoring of mere We regard these pinchbeck heroics as of a
facts. He never investigates or collects statis- piece with the cubbish exuberance of half-
tics, but draws all his sayings from the glow-grown boys; we wish for this New Gospel a
ing depths of his inner soul alone.
swift and decisive collapse: "For the bed is
The pathological conditions of an insuffi- shorter than that a man can stretch himself
cient organism account for the rambling on it: and the covering narrower than that
structure of his works, doubtless as well for he can wrap himself in it.”
his sovereign contempt for the world's ac-
JAMES TAFT HATFIELD.
cepted thinkers and scientists, and explain his
estimate of himself. “Everyone who has had
intimate relations with me has regarded it as
an honor and a distinction; I hold the same
A NEW PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY.*
view myself”; “with this Zarathustra I have "If history has any value," says Mr. L.
brought the German language to perfection. Cecil Jane, in his book on “ The Interpreta-
After Luther and Goethe a third step had to tion of History," "it lies in this, that it sup-
be taken”; “up to now there has been no plies some clue as to what the future will
deutsche Kultur”; “before me there never bring forth.” The business of the historian is
was any psychology”; “I am no man: I am therefore to make known the lessons of the
dynamite”; “I have the most varied range past, and in doing so to reveal as much as he
of styles that a man has ever employed"; "I can of the future.” But in order to do this in
am now the leading moral thinker and worker a really satisfactory manner one must find,
in Europe.”
first of all, “some underlying factor, in
It is in direct line with such utterances that accordance with which history may be inter-
we constantly meet with a proud sensitiveness preted and the occurrence of all events ex-
about “ being treated as a person of no ac- plained." This underlying factor Mr. Jane
crunt." a voracious demand for appreciation. has discovered in the interplay of the “ desire
There is a constant apprehension of intrigues to rule and the desire to be ruled.” In some
and "influences,” of treachery, deceit, mean-
# THE INTERPRETATION OF HISTORY. By L. Cecil Jane. New
ness, and spite - in short, a whole range of York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
а


1915)
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<6
а
men the desire to rule, in others the desire to was the inevitable result; just as you may
be ruled, is predominant; in others still these “explain " it by saying that it was the result
desires alternately obtain the mastery. Na- of a “definite combination of heterogeneous
tions, since they are but groups of individuals, changes, both simultaneous and successive, in
are likewise actuated by these two desires. correspondence with external co-existences
In respect to internal affairs the desire to rule and sequences," or, more simply, “the con-
tends to produce self-government, whereas the tinuous adjustment of internal relations to
desire to be ruled makes for despotism. In external relations.” It must be admitted,
respect to external affairs, the desire to rule however, that these "explanations” are some-
results in a policy of "splendid isolation," of what remote, and I do not see that Spencer's
national independence, of aggression; the de- formula is more remote than Mr. Jane's. On
sire to be ruled, on the contrary, makes for the whole, it seems simpler to say that Henry
cosmopolitanism, universalism, a common- was in love with Anne Boleyn.
wealth of nations. Curiously enough, or per- Mr. Jane would doubtless reply that a gen-
haps naturally, since nations are as inconsis- eral formula is not intended to explain par-
tent as individuals, “it is frequently, almost ticular events, such as the marriage of Henry
always, the case that a state which is univer- | VIII., in terms of conscious purpose; the
salist in one aspect is individualist in the value of such a formula, he would insist, is in
other. An extension of governmental author- explaining the broader historical movements,
ity at home is normally coupled with the adop- in relating them to each other, and in furnish-
tion of an independent foreign policy; the ing, through such explanation and relation, a
admission of obligations towards foreign “clue to what the future will bring forth.”
states is normally accompanied by an asser- Well, one of these broader movements is the
tion of the rights of the individual citizen as growth and consolidation of monarchial abso-
against the community.” It is to be noted lutism in the seventeenth and eighteenth cen-
that the term universalism is here employed turies. In what sense is it an explanation of
in place of the phrase “desire to be ruled,” this movement to say that it was the result of
while the term individualism replaces the the desire to be ruled? Why, one asks at once,
phrase "desire to rule.” And this practice did the desire to be ruled become so strong at
has been followed throughout the book, which this particular time? The answer to this
thus turns out to be a sketch of European question reduces even Mr. Jane to the level
history, mainly in its political aspects, in of the ordinary historian. “ * The gradual
terms of concepts that are familiar enough but progress of the universalist movement may be
which have never before been defined pre- attributed in a measure to the belief that
cisely as Mr. Jane defines them.
despotism had already been established by the
Those who know something of European end of the first half of the seventeenth cen-
history,— particularly, perhaps, those who do tury; .. the absence of resistance created the
not know too much of it, - will readily under- idea that resistance, or at least successful
stand how it is possible, by dint of great resistance, was impossible.” In other words,
ingenuity and the resolute ignoring of multi- despotism, universally caused by the desire to
plied difficulties, to sketch the history of the be ruled, was in this particular case caused
western world in accord with these very gen- “in a measure" by the belief that resistance
eral ideas. Yet even the friendly critic, one was useless. Surely, the desire to be ruled is
who contemplates a new philosophy of history not the same as the fear of being punished !
with entire equanimity and some little inter- The truth is that Mr. Jane's formula does not
est, is disposed to ask how, after all, “the explain past events; what it does is to classify
occurrence of all events” is “explained" in events, arbitrarily enough for the most part,
any satisfactory way by such a philosophy as in certain very general categories. It is
Mr. Jane offers. The marriage of Henry highly necessary for the historian to classify
VIII. with Anne Boleyn was an event, and his facts; but a classification does not explain
one of some importance. Let us assume - I the origin of events, and is only the pre-
confess it seems to me a tremendous assump- liminary step in their interpretation.
tion, and one which Mr. Jane does little to If Mr. Jane's formula does not enable him
establish --- that the dominant motive in hu- to explain the past, neither does it enable him
man action is the desire to rule or to be ruled. to predict the future; it enables him to say
With this assumption in hand, you can of only that the future will be like the past, - a
course "explain" Henry's marriage by say. succession of periods of which universalism
ing that in England, in the year 1533, the and individualism will alternately be the pre-
adjustment of the desire to rule and the desire dominant characteristic. At present, that is to
to be ruled was such that this particular event say in the spring of 1914, when the book was


146
(Sept. 2
THE DIAL
was
At the end of 1888 came a paralytic stroke, concepts such as one never encounters except
and from this time Nietzsche's writings were by overhearing in public conveyances on
but the disconnected utterances of a feverish Thursday afternoons. A is secretly setting B
patient, though perhaps not so noticeably dif- against N; Frau Baumgartner has always to
ferent, in form or content, from those which warn against the treacherous counsels of Frau
preceded this attack. There followed long Overbeck. Old confidences and friendships
years of helplessness, at first with intermit- are continually undermined, and give way to
tent periods of sanity. In 1897 the Weimar suspicion and deadliest hatred. The real
home (now converted into the beautiful blemish in the biography is that it serves as
Nietzsche-Archiv) purchased, where the grosse Wäsche for a mountainous German
every kindly ministration was loyally given accumulation of household linen, accompanied
by the devoted sister. After 1899 the invalid by a lack of reticence which is simply incredi-
became gradually weaker, and in the follow- ble to the Anglo-Saxon.
ing year the wearied body was laid to rest Let us, finally, be thankful to Nietzsche for
under the shadow of the little church of his his brave formulations: he has given a gallant
fathers in Röcken.
banner to be displayed, and the battle now
The sheer fascination which Nietzsche exer- joined between his ideals and those of love
cises upon his readers derives in no small part and tenderness is the real Armageddon, beside
from his captivating style of writing - or, which all noisy racial, dynastic, and economic
rather, his styles. Often a mere trick of warfares are merely episodes. We must
rhyme (Hohlköpfe: Kohlkröpfe), an inciden- reckon squarely with the conception of "a
tal simile, a mint-new epithet ("moraline- race that will conquer and dominate or die in
free virtue"), a smart paradox showing the the attempt"; of the impossibility of culture
full perversity of epigram: “Is mankind except on a foundation of slavery. We must
made better by civilization? A comic ques- weigh fairly the doctrine,
tion, since the opposite is self-evident, and is instinctively rejects war and conquest is on
precisely that which is in civilization's favor”; the decline, and ready for democracy and a
Virtue remains the most expensive vice.” government by shopkeepers." No confidence
He has no dread of repetition, but plays end- is betrayed by the present reviewer when he
lessly upon a very few ideas. In his method remarks that the American consciousness
of approach to vital problems, he shows a stands hopelessly dazed before this philosophy.
more than Rousseauian ignoring of mere We regard these pinchbeck heroics as of a
facts. He never investigates or collects statis- piece with the cubbish exuberance of half-
tics, but draws all his sayings from the glow- grown boys; we wish for this New Gospel a
ing depths of his inner soul alone.
swift and decisive collapse: “For the bed is
The pathological conditions of an insuffi-
shorter than that a man can stretch himself
cient organism account for the rambling on it: and the covering narrower than that
structure of his works, doubtless as well for he can wrap himself in it.”
his sovereign contempt for the world's ac-
JAMES TAFT HATFIELD.
cepted thinkers and scientists, and explain his
estimate of himself. “Everyone who has had
intimate relations with me has regarded it as
an honor and a distinction; I hold the same
A NEW PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY.*
view myself”; “with this Zarathustra I have “If history has any value,” says Mr. L.
brought the German language to perfection. | Cecil Jane, in his book on “ The Interpreta-
After Luther and Goethe a third step had to tion of History," "it lies in this, that it sup-
be taken ”; ' up to now there has been no
plies some clue as to what the future will
deutsche Kultur”; “before me there never bring forth.” The business of the historian is
was any psychology”; “I am no man: I am therefore to “make known the lessons of the
dynamite”; “I have the most varied range past, and in doing so to reveal as much as he
of styles that a man has ever employed”; “I can of the future.'
." But in order to do this in
am now the leading moral thinker and worker a really satisfactory manner one must find,
in Europe."
first of all, "some underlying factor, in
It is in direct line with such utterances that accordance with which history may be inter-
we constantly meet with a proud sensitiveness preted and the occurrence of all events ex-
about “ being treated as a person of no ac- plained." This underlying factor Mr. Jane
crunt.” a voracious demand for appreciation. has discovered in the interplay of the “ desire
There is a constant apprehension of intrigues to rule and the desire to be ruled.” In some
and "influences." of treachery, deceit. mean-
* THE INTERPRETATION OF HISTORY. By L. Cecil Jane. New
ness, and spite-in short, a whole range of
York : E. P. Dutton & Co.


1915)
147
THE DIAL
common-
men the desire to rule, in others the desire to was the inevitable result; just as you may
be ruled, is predominant; in others still these "explain" it by saying that it was the result
desires alternately obtain the mastery. Na- of a “definite combination of heterogeneous
tions, since they are but groups of individuals, changes, both simultaneous and successive, in
are likewise actuated by these two desires. correspondence with external co-existences
In respect to internal affairs the desire to rule and sequences,” or, more simply, “the con-
tends to produce self-government, whereas the tinuous adjustment of internal relations to
desire to be ruled makes for despotism. In external relations.” It must be admitted,
respect to external affairs, the desire to rule however, that these "explanations." are some-
results in a policy of “splendid isolation," of what remote, and I do not see that Spencer's
national independence, of aggression; the de- formula is more remote than Mr. Jane's. On
sire to be ruled, on the contrary, makes for the whole, it seems simpler to say that Henry
cosmopolitanism, universalism,
was in love with Anne Boleyn.
wealth of nations. Curiously enough, or per- Mr. Jane would doubtless reply that a gen-
haps naturally, since nations are as inconsis- eral formula is not intended to explain par-
tent as individuals, “it is frequently, almost ticular events, such as the marriage of Henry
always, the case that a state which is univer- VIII., in terms of conscious purpose; the
salist in one aspect is individualist in the value of such a formula, he would insist, is in
other. An extension of governmental author- explaining the broader historical movements,
ity at home is normally coupled with the adop- in relating them to each other, and in furnish-
tion of an independent foreign policy; the ing, through such explanation and relation, a
admission of obligations towards foreign “clue to what the future will bring forth.”
states is normally accompanied by an asser- Well, one of these broader movements is the
tion of the rights of the individual citizen as growth and consolidation of monarchial abso-
against the community.” It is to be noted lutism in the seventeenth and eighteenth cen-
that the term universalism is here employed turies. In what sense is it an explanation of
in place of the phrase “ desire to be ruled,” this movement to say that it was the result of
while the term individualism replaces the the desire to be ruled? Why, one asks at once,
phrase "desire to rule.” And this practice did the desire to be ruled become so strong at
has been followed throughout the book, which this particular time? The answer to this
thus turns out to be a sketch of European question reduces even Mr. Jane to the level
history, mainly in its political aspects, in of the ordinary historian. “ The gradual
terms of concepts that are familiar enough but progress of the universalist movement may be
which have never before been defined pre- attributed in a measure to the belief that
cisely as Mr. Jane defines them.
despotism had already been established by the
Those who know something of European end of the first half of the seventeenth cen-
history,— particularly, perhaps, those who do tury; . . the absence of resistance created the
not know too much of it, will readily under- idea that resistance, or at least successful
stand how it is possible, by dint of great resistance, was impossible." In other words,
ingenuity and the resolute ignoring of multi- despotism, universally caused by the desire to
plied difficulties, to sketch the history of the be ruled, was in this particular case caused
western world in accord with these very gen- "in a measure" by the belief that resistance
eral ideas. Yet even the friendly critic, one was useless. Surely, the desire to be ruled is
who contemplates a new philosophy of history not the same as the fear of being punished!
with entire equanimity and some little inter- The truth is that Mr. Jane's formula does not
est, is disposed to ask how, after all, “the explain past events; what it does is to classify
occurrence of all events” is “explained” in events, arbitrarily enough for the most part,
any satisfactory way by such a philosophy as in certain very general categories.
Mr. Jane offers. The marriage of Henry highly necessary for the historian to classify
VIII. with Anne Boleyn was an event, and his facts; but a classification does not explain
one of some importance. Let us assume - I the origin of events, and is only the pre-
confess it seems to me a tremendous assump- liminary step in their interpretation.
tion, and one which Mr. Jane does little to If Mr. Jane's formula does not enable him
establish — that the dominant motive in hu- to explain the past, neither does it enable him
man action is the desire to rule or to be ruled. to predict the future; it enables him to say
With this assumption in hand, you can of only that the future will be like the past, - a
course "explain ” Henry's marriage by say. succession of periods of which universalism
ing that in England, in the year 1533, the and individualism will alternately be the pre-
adjustment of the desire to rule and the desire dominant characteristic. At present, that is to
to be ruled was such that this particular event | say in the spring of 1914, when the book was


148
[ Sept. 2.
THE DIAL
written, it is “clear that .. the desire to be it enables us to control, not society, but our-
ruled prevails rather the desire to rule.” It selves,- a much more important thing; it
follows, therefore, that “if human nature re- prepares us to live more humanely in the pres-
mains constant in its fundamental character- ent and to meet rather than to foretell the
istic, an individualist reaction, both internally future.
CARL BECKER.
and externally, may be anticipated with confi-
dence.” At the risk of being set down as a
carping critic, one must say that this, as a
ESSAYS IN MINIATURE.*
prediction of the future, is extremely vague;
it reminds one of the phrase about the pendu- Mr. Charles Leonard Moore is a writer who
lum, which is alleged to swing first in one needs no introduction to the readers of this
direction and then in another and opposite journal. For a score of years, his nicely
direction. M. Jules Cambon, writing from weighed and admirably judicious essays in
Berlin in 1913, unaided, I suppose, by any miniature upon literary topics have been one
philosophy of history, was a much better of our outstanding features, and even before
prophet than Mr. Jane himself, writing a year Mr. Moore had become one of our regular con-
later from Oxford. No, Mr. Jane does not tributors, we directed attention to him as a
predict the future any more than he explains poet. The two sonnets from his “Book of Day
the past; he merely projects into the future Dreams” which we then reprinted (March 1,
the categories which have been used to classify 1893) still seem to us, as they did at that
the facts of the past, in the confident expecta- time, to reach the high-water mark of Amer-
tion that future events, when they occur, may ican poetical achievement. Of Mr. Moore's
be pressed, without too much difficulty, into DIAL essays, thirty-nine have now been col-
these categories.
lected into a volume entitled “Incense and
One may ask in conclusion whether the Iconoclasm," and offer as many examples of
value of history is what Mr. Jane supposes the art of saying a great deal within the limits
it to be, — whether it consists in furnishing of a narrow space. The "thirty-nine articles”
"some clue as to what the future will bring of this literary confession of faith touch upon
forth.” This is, I think, a fundamental error, most of the major themes of literary criti-
and one which springs from a vicious confu- cism, and are notable for their broad views,
sion of the physical and the moral world. their penetrative sympathy, and their method
Why, it is asked, since the scientist, by of direct approach to the very hearts of their
means of classification and experiment, can respective subjects.
predict the action of the physical world, shall The qualifications of a good critic of litera-
not the historian do as much for the moral ture are so many that we would not venture to
world? The analogy is false at many points; say that Mr. Moore has them all; but he un-
but the confusion arises chiefly from the as- doubtedly has the one that is fundamental, the
sumption that the scientist can predict the one without which good taste and sound judg-
action of the physical world. Certain con- ment and an agile intellect will not be found
ditions precisely given, the scientist can pre- to constitute salvation. The trouble with the
dict the result; he cannot say when or where greater part of what passes for literary criti-
in the future those conditions will obtain. cism in this age of superficial ad captandum
Desiring to gain control over nature, the scien- writing is that its authors do not know enough
tist is little concerned with any actual con- about literature. This defect in their equip-
crete situation, whereas the historian, aiming ment may become fatal at any moment; and
to appropriate the experience of the past for even when the pitfalls in the path are skil-
himself and his fellows, is concerned precisely fully avoided, maundering is likely to take the
with the concrete human world, not as it place of precision of aim, the clear stream of
might be under certain conditions but as it thought is likely to grow muddied with sub-
has actually been. The difference is radical. jective intrusions, and the rational objective
It is for this reason that although scientific pronouncement gives way to the exhibition of
knowledge, through its formulæ, can be prac- the writer's own mental processes. Like the
tically applied, to the great benefit of all
Oxus, which, for lack of sufficient initial vol-
men, knowledge of history cannot be thus
ume and impetus, loses itself in “ beds of sand
practically applied, and is therefore worth- and matted rushy isles," this kind of writing
less except to those who have made it, in misses the final point of criticism, and pro-
greater or less degree, a personal possession. vides bewilderment instead of guidance. Ac-
The value of history is, indeed, not scientific quaintance with, say, the “Kalevala"
but moral: by liberalizing the mind, by deep-
* INCENSE AND ICONOCLASM. Studies in Literature. By
ening the sympathies, by fortifying the will, Charles Leonard Moore. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.


1915]
149
THE DIAL
a
"In
“The Canterbury Tales ” does not seem to “I have no desire to add a page to Drelincourt
have anything to do with the function of the on Death. But impatience consumes one at our
reviewer of a modern novel; but it really
modern attitude to the great, serious, and tragic
exercises a pervasive influence upon the per-
themes of thought and art. Especially does our
formance of his task. Those who will not
American hedonism, our love of pleasure, our fear
of pain or shock, rebel at the best and highest in
recognize this fact have precisely the type of
literature. We grasp at the shallow criticism which
mind which denies the “practicality" of the speaks of the pessimistic, the melancholy, the
time-honored intellectual disciplines which
gloomy, as the minor note. Even in music, from
have to struggle for their lives in our educa- which this term is borrowed, it is not true that
tional systems.
melancholy themes or notes which excite sad im-
Mr. Moore's volume borrows its title from pressions are secondary. Most of the great sym-
the first of the essays included; but the author phonies, oratorios, requiems, are sad and stormy
takes the side of the angels throughout, the
and terrible. And the same conditions are so plain
only iconoclasm in which he indulges being the
in literature that a critic must apologize for point-
ing it out. But, our childish readers say, there is
smashing of those idols of the literary market-
enough that is painful and shocking and terrible in
place which draw to their worship the short-
life, — why reiterate it in literature? Wordsworth
sighted and the uninformed. He stands for
prayed for frequent sights of what is to be borne.
the eternal values in literature rather than We do not acquire fortitude by running away from
for the temporal trivialities, and has a proper danger, and a literature of lollipops is not likely to
scorn for the catchwords of the hour. make a strong race. The tragic part of literature
the end the classics emerge,” he reminds us;
is the most tonic and most inspiring."
and, "taking the whole roll of time, it is not Mr. Moore has no patience with the cult of
difficult to see what are the prime and what modernity which calls upon literature to break
are the secondary qualities of art." In fact,
away from the moorings of the past, and con-
he might have taken for the text of his entire demns writers who turn for inspiration to the
volume Professor Shorey's address on “The old forms and models. He knows the funda-
Unity of the Human Spirit,” in the volume of mental truth that modernity is to be tested by
“Representative Phi Beta Kappa Orations,” the spirit or the temper, and not by the frame-
from which we quoted in our last issue. work, and that the oldest of old-world themes
Profusely scattered through Mr. Moore's
may serve as its vehicle,- as, for example, in
pages are passages of excellent pith, of which the cases of Shelley's “Prometheus Unbound"
a few examples may be given. Emerson is a
and Moody's “ The Fire-Bringer," which are
veritable quicksand of an author,” and his intensely modern poems, despite their mytho-
felicitous phrasings“ are the tiniest and most logical investiture.
fragmentary crystals ever produced by a con-
“Practically, the great artists of literature who
siderable poet, but they flash with the white
have brooded deepest over life have affected the
light of the diamond." Whitman “has tried
distant or the past for their creations. They were
to get the whole universe into his brain, and not foolish enough to doubt that human life is
in a manner has succeeded, only it has turned always essentially the same; they did not really
back into chaos." “ Molière was the com- believe in any Age of Gold, or Day of the Gods.
posite smile of mankind.” “In a nation of But they knew that to evolve tragedy, romance,
graceful writers, (Balzac] is the dancing bear
poetry, they must get away from the garish light of
of prose.” “Man's Eden without Eve would their own hour.”
be a dirty place, full of tobacco smoke.” Mil- And this lesson is thus homiletically enforced :
ton “is going to justify the works of God to “Let us deal kindly with tradition, and tradition
man but in the end he comes near justify- will be good to us. Let us not try to push our
ing the devil." "Music is a language that has grandsires from their thrones. Rather, if it is
only two words -- joy and grief." These necessary to save them, let us bear them tenderly
aphorisms, and many others of like quality,
out as the pious Æneas carried old Anchises from
show us that it is possible to be epigrammatic
the wreck of burning Troy."
without being inane.
The modernist is merely the victim of a
But Mr. Moore is not without his examples huge delusion, and it may be shrewdly sus-
of sustained thought. Probably the best illus- pected that his bankruptcy goes back to the
tration of his application of analytical powers old difficulty of not knowing enough about
to the development of a considerable argu- literature. Youths of both sexes just out of
ment is to be found in the group of four essays college write glibly and blithely about prod-
which examine “ The Root Ideas of Fiction," ucts of the contemporary imagination, and
which are Identity, Hunger, Love, and Death. every paragraph of what they say betrays a
From the last of these essays we must make an naïve ignorance of the natural history of the
extract.
ideas and the literary forms which they are
to Let us
%
-


150
(Sept. 2
THE DIAL
with such innocent confidence discussing.
OUR SOUTH AMERICAN NEIGHBORS. *
The thing they never see is the thing which
Mr. Moore states with apposite force in the
In recent years, Latin America has been re-
following words:
discovered by interested Anglo-Americans.
“ Yet the fact remains that nothing in our recent
But not all the travellers find the same things.
output is new. In spite of the contortions and
As a rule, American accounts of our Latin
struggles of our novelists and playwrights and neighbors to the south are complimentary;
poets to be strong, to be daring, to be extreme, there and we have about decided that Spain as a
is nothing that they utter which will compare in colonizer was not so bad, and that her off.
these qualities with much of the literature of the spring states in the western world are rapidly
past. Take the exploitation of sexual passion and and hopefully moving along the highway of
vice by which our
contemporaries try to shock us. modern civilization. But Dr. Edward A.
• Mrs. Warren's Profession' is milk and water
Ross's new book, "South of Panama," is, with
beside the strong meat of “Measure for Measure'
regard to much of South America, quite pessi-
or "Pericles.' Three Weeks' has no standing at
all as an aphrodisiac compared with Aphra Bebn
mistic. The author's object is, in part, to
or Casanova. The soiled heroes and heroines of
show how unlike ourselves the Latin Ameri-
Mr. Wells's later novels are mere doves compared cans are, and how difficult it is, in several
with the people in Fielding and Smollett and the states, for them to make any real progress.
Restoration comedy."
He describes much that is good and sound in
And so it goes, as Mr. Moore continues to Argentina and Chile; but in these and other
illustrate in much detail, with the other states he finds that modern civilization is hin-
themes and inventions hailed as novelties in
dered because of complexities of race, social
most of the uninformed chatter that passes
and economic conditions, climatic influences,
for literary criticism in this impatient age.
and lack of sound political capacity.
We have marked many other passages for The author began his travels at Panama,
quotation, but the limitations of space forbid and went down through the West Coast coun-
their reproduction. Let us close with the tries, coming back through Argentina. There
author's generalized comment on the “turn are good descriptive chapters on the regions
downward” of our recent literature, and with through which he passed, and more valuable
his plea for the utmost freedom for the artist. studies of the Native Races, Labor Conditions,
The plaint is thus stated: Literature "has
Literature “has Caste and Class, Morals, Character, Religion
largely exchanged verse for prose; it has min- and the Church, Education, Politics and Gov-
gled with the crowd on the levels, instead of ernment.
staying with the shining ones on the hill; it
The descriptions are always vivid and inter-
has dealt very exclusively with the passive esting. For example, in his account of Cali,
peculiarities of women, rather than with the
in Colombia, Dr. Ross says:
active energies of men." And the plea is thus
The life of the town revolves about the river
voiced :
that comes tumbling down from among the hills.
“Readers of sense know very well how to Every bright day nearly the whole adult popula-
discriminate. They are furnished with feelers, tion bathe in it. From a single point one may see
antennæ, by which they can separate what is prac- hundreds in the various operations. Gentlemen
tical from the divine make-believe of literature. with white linen and black coats strip beside the
They are not going to commit murder because they negro muleteer and the swarthy peon. The pretty
can thrill with the spectacle of Macbeth's guilt. girl disrobes beside the coal-black negress with a
They are not going to filch purses because they can cigar between her lips. Every tree and bush yields
enjoy the humour of Falstaff's exploit at Gadshill. fancied protection. Behind their large sheet-towels
They are not going to bolt with the first pleasing men and women undress not fifteen yards from
person of the other sex. because Cleopatra or one another, while lads and lasses splash about in
Camille is dear to them. They accept imaginative the same pool. The men wear a napkin about the
literature as a vicarious experience, which enlarges loins, the women a red calico Mother Hubbard,
their minds, deepens their emotions, makes them which when wet, discloses the form with startling
contemporaries of all times, citizens of all places. fidelity. More leveling even than the bathing
They are willing to allow to the artist the utmost beach, the river reveals to his fellow citizens, al-
li' erty of his materials if he can only make some- most in puribus, the portly judge, the grizzled
thing of them”
municipal councilor or the skinny banker. But no
If the “turn downward” of which Mr. Moore
one stares or is self-conscious, and the proprieties
speaks, is to be checked, we must assume a less
are strictly observed. Still, some deplore this Arca-
tolerant attitude toward the vagaries of our
dian daily dip and point out that only two children
out of five in Cali have been born in wedlock."
young radicals, and insist more sternly upon
the standards which they affect to despise.
Ard of Valparaiso at night, he writes :
* SOUTH OF PANAMA. By Edward Alsworth Ross, Ph.D.,
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
LL.D. New York: The Century Co.


1915)
151
THE DIAL
a
“ The night view of Valparaiso from the bal- higher respectability than calloused palms.
conies of the cliff dwellers is one of the great With inherited Spanish fondness for town
sights of the world. The vast sickle of the shore
life, those who can do so stay in the larger
lit for nearly two hundred thousand people, the
centres, leaving the country to the lower class
scores of ocean vessels lying at anchor, the harbor
laborers and the overseers. As a result, “from
lights, the glowing avenues below from which rises
the Rio Grande down the West Coast to Cape
mellow the roar of nocturnal traffic, the rippling
water under the moonlight and the far horizon of
Horn, free agricultural labor as we know it
the illimitable Pacific produce an effect of enchant-
does not exist." Government expenditures
ment."
are made mainly upon the towns and cities.
It is the author's belief that much of the
Of public life in general, Dr. Ross says:
“ One who looks for good popular government
inheritance of evil conditions from the Span-
in tropical South America would expect to gather
ish colonial régime,-“it is the victim of a
grapes from thorns and figs from thistles. Take,
bad start.” But other conditions weigh down
for example, Bolivia. . . There are a few men of
character, ability and education, who are working
upon these societies. There are too few whites
together for definite public ends. . . But this bit
except in Argentina; there is too little educa-
of leaven is too small in relation to the lump to be
tion; in politics and government the people leavened. Men of broad outlook and high firm
are poor losers ”; there is a general lack of character are too few. They lack following and
persistence and an inability to coöperate; support. With us the moral and intellectual peaks
work is too frequently despised; truthfulness rise from a plateau; in the Bolivian people they
is too rare a virtue; morals are loose; distrust
rise from the plain. The Indians are exploited,
is general in business and politics; the lower
helpless and inert, and practically nothing is being
done to elevate them. The cholos are bigoted and
classes seem hopelessly without ambition;
egotistic, of very little worth either intellectual or
sanitation is unheard of; little value is at-
moral, and they show few signs of improvement.”
tached to time; there is in most states no flow
of immigration which might stimulate and
The best society suffers from being too
"androcentric." Here the male dominates
elevate the present populations; women have
all; girls and women stay at home in seclu-
little influence, and society is "androcentric."
These hindrances to progress are less in evi-
sion, although as a rule they are brighter and
dence in the south than in the north; in par-
more intellectual than the males of their own
ticular, Argentina appears to be much freer class, who are exposed to various dissipations.
of them than any other state.
The upper class family is clanlike in its close-
ness and in its size, but family discipline is
Life is monotonous nearly everywhere, and
lax. Generally speaking, manners are very
is filled with trivialities. Gossip, visiting,
good, but “altruism scarcely exists." The
drinking, revolutions help to pass the time.
mistress of the house takes little interest in
The author suggests that “the passion of these
the housekeeping, which is left to incompe-
people for politics is due in part to the un-
tent servants. The Church is supported and
eventfulness of their lives.
For young
to an extent controlled by the State, a fact
Americans and other foreigners the environ-
that probably prevents wholesome outside
ment is deadening,- nothing to do, no whole-
forces from working for the elevation of
some amusements, no one suitable to marry.
standards among clergy and people. The
And the same is true of the South American
women and lower classes are generally relig-
who goes abroad for education.
ious after a fashion, but “ few men who wear
“It is pathetic to see how girls educated in a
coats go to confession."
Quebec or New York convent return to Cali with a
resolve not to sink into this listless, indolent way,
But Dr. Ross does not paint always with a
but to start something,' give a garden party or
sooty brush. He has much to say of healthy
lawn fête, make a real social life. But the system
forces here and there, and signs of progress.
is too strong for the poor things. They are steam- The churches and the schools are improving
rolled by the church and by the established social slowly. A middle class is developing in
customs. After a while, broken in spirit, they cease Chile. White immigration to the highlands
to struggle, sink into acquiescence, and become just of the northern states may result in develop-
as narrow in interests and pursuits as the women ment and stability. While there is not an
who have never been out of the valley.”
intellectual democracy, the enlightened élite
Argentina excepted, the state organization is increasing in numbers. The best country,
is of, by, and for the small upper class. For the author thinks, is Argentina, -"a white
them are the governmental positions, and for man's country," with a more favorable geog-
them only is the education necessary to fit one raphy, many immigrants, a better population,
for a position. Manual labor is despised, and and open-minded leaders.
a long nail on the little finger is evidence of
WALTER L. FLEMING.


152
(Sept. 2
THE DIAL
66
BELGIUM'S POET-LAUREATE.*
become a mere henchman of the Kaiser if we
accept Zweig's dictum that “only that poet
Those who hope for the ultimate triumph
can be necessary to our time who feels that
of the Allies will find encouragement in
everything in this time is necessary, and there-
Stefan Zweig's study of Emile Verhaeren.
fore beautiful”? We shall not have long to
The book is in no sense a biography, but an
wait for Verhaeren's poetic judgment of the
exposition of the intellectual and moral evolu-
beauty of the necessity of the rape of his
tion of the poet. He appears as one who, in country by Germany. Beauty there is, even
Maeterlinck's words, “represents worthily in the terrible events of to-day, but it is the
, "
that which is great and heroic in a people.'
world-old beauty of the heroism and self-
The epigraph of the essay might be the lines
sacrifice of individuals and nations for an
quoted at the head of the third chapter:
idea; in the diabolic modern ingenuity in the
“ Je suis le fils de cette race
creation of strange images of death, there is
Tenace,
only hideousness.
Qui veut, après avoir voulu
Yet the age on which the iron fist of mili.
Encore, encore et encore plus."
tarism has set its ghastly seal had its poetry
Verhaeren's attitude toward life is constantly in the overflow of energy, even though for the
compared to that of Walt Whitman; but he moment that energy is at the service of the
worked out his philosophy independently, and iron fist. Verhaeren's greatness lies in having
has apparently succeeded better than the seized and crystallized that poetry. His joy-
American poet in voicing the ideals of his ous acceptance of life in all its manifestations,
own people. The peasants among whom he which was to lead him at last to a lyric panthe-
spent his early years regard him as one of ism, is shown to be an inheritance from his
themselves, and he is as much at home among race; for the Belgians are pictured as possess-
them as in the great world where his fame has ing to a higher degree than any other people
led him.
a delight in every exercise of intoxicating
Stefan Zweig, an Austrian poet, the dis- | activity. The most heroic exploit in their his-
ciple and translator of Verhaeren, has given tory, previous to 1914,— their revolt from
a sympathetic and perhaps at times over- Spain, -- is explained as a struggle against the
laudatory history of his master's thought, ascetic Puritanism of Philip II., who would
from “Les Flamandes" (1883) to “Les Blés have curtailed their free dionysiac enjoyment.
Mouvants" (1913). His book, admirably Thus the reader is prepared for the brief
translated by Mr. Bithell, would have made but charming sketch of Verhaeren's youth in
its mark at any time, and has now gained a Flanders. We see him first in the Jesuit col-
poignant interest from the European cata- lege of Sainte-Barbe at Ghent, where he met
clysm. For Verhaeren is par excellence the Maeterlinck. The fathers would have saved
singer of our time in all its complexity. He their young pupils from the world by making
has wrung poetry from the most unpromising them priests, and endeavored to inspire in
subjects, and created by sheer force of will a them a profound respect for the past, with a
Utopia out of the most prosaic reality. His hatred of all innovation. Verhaeren carried
present disillusion can only be the more bitter. away a lasting sentiment of the heroism of
In the face of the disaster that confronts the monastic life and its poetry: but his wild
humanity to-day, Zweig's opening hymn to the nature could not be cramped within cloistral
new age assumes a ghastly irony.
If "now walls. Zweig suggests that the chief result
in the very air man is building a new road of this early training was to turn the poet's
from country to country" it is with the intent lust of life away from material things toward
to destroy alike the priceless monuments of science and art. “The priest they sought to
the past and the latest achievements of human make of him he has really become, only he has
industry. Who will still dare to say “only preached everything that they proscribed, and
eternal earth has changed not nor grown fought against everything that they praised.”
older"? For what of the bestial substratum After the school at Sainte-Barbe, Verhaeren
of human nature which Kultur has only studied law at Louvain, where, urged by his
aggravated, and which is to-day befouling the fiery blood, he threw himself into carousals of
centre of the world's civilization by outrages which he still tells with glee. Admitted to the
that only primeval savages were deemed capa- bar at Brussels, he joined a coterie of young
ble of imaging? And must not the muse
artists, and, like Gautier, he won a name for
shocking the bourgeois by fantastic freaks
• EMILE VERHAEREN. By Stefan Zweig. Translated by
of dress and conduct. His unpublished juve-
J. Bithell. With portrait. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
nilia, written at this time in imitation of
English by Alma Strettell. New and enlarged edition.
portrait. New York: John Lane Co.
Lamartine and Victor Hugo, are nevertheless
POEMS OF EMILE VERHAEREN.
Selected and rendered into
With


1915)
153
THE DIAL
»
in “immaculate Alexandrines." Finally he education and the visit to Forges inspired
threw aside the barrister's gown forever, and Les Moines.” It is always a real world that
turned to poetry as his vocation.
he invokes, even in his effort to escape from
His first published work, destined to con- actuality.
found his friends and the critics, was “ Les After “ Les Moines” comes a period of
Flamandes.” Written under the influence of storm and stress — a nervous breakdown
Le Monnier, the interpreter in Belgium of brought on by the supersensitiveness of the
Zola's naturalism, the book aims at trans- poetic temperament.
poetic temperament. Of this experience Ver-
planting naked reality into verse. With de-
With de haeren has left a record in the trilogy, "Les
liberate purpose the author discards in these Soirs," "Les Débâcles," and "Les Flambeaux
sketches of old Flanders all that is sentimental Noirs." Here we have the poet playing the
or romantic, all that is conventionally known rôle of the naturalistic novelist, with himself
as poetry, and gives pictures of primitive bru- as the subject. He dissects his diseased mind
tality. “Barbarian," shouted the critics; and
.
and emotions as a surgeon a specimen in the
Zweig finds something "genuinely barbarous, operating room. Zweig's phrase is here vigor-
savage with Teuton strength,” in Verhaeren's ous, if not altogether happy: Verhaeren has
nature. His inspiration is Rabelaisian: he “immortalized in poems the process of the
possesses the fiery blood of Rubens and Jor- inflammation of his nerves." Zweig follows
daens. And yet he still keeps the traditional him through all the stages of this crisis, first
Alexandrine mould.
physical, then psychic illness nearly ending
Another side of Belgian life is portrayed in in madness. A couple of citations may suffice
the poet's next work, “Les Moines," an echo to show the tenor of the whole. The poet is in
of his early education. As in “Les Flam- London and sees the corpse of his reason float-
andes " he had sung of the lusty youths and ing down the Thames. A similar phenome-
maidens of the kermesses of yesteryear, he non is noted by George Brandes among the
now celebrates the peaceful life of the monks early German romanticists. He calls it “dis-
in the manner of the older Flemish painters. integration of the ego.” Verhaeren writes:
Before writing this book he had spent three “Elle (ma raison) est morte de trop savoir,
weeks at Forges with the fathers, who in their
De trop vouloir sculpter la cause."
simple piety initiated him into their holy of Or again : “Je veux marcher vers la folie et
holies with the hope of winning him for the
priesthood. But his attitude was rather that decadent romanticists.
ses soleils.” Here is the Ultima Thule of
It is the instinct
of æsthetic admiration than of devout wor-
among them which inspired Joubert's defini.
ship. He hails the monks as undaunted cham-
tion, “chercheurs de délire." Although the
pions of a lost cause, and the beauty of their
volumes contain spirited verse, many readers
sacrifice is intensified for him as being a relic will not accept Zweig's enthusiastic judgment
of the past. In studied Parnassian sonnets
that the poet's analysis of his crisis possesses
he portrays the various aspects of this calm
monumental value.
life, and the contrasting characters more or
less subdued by a common discipline. Here long in these mazes of subjectivity. Like
But Verhaeren was too sturdy to remain
.
is the first effort at psychological analysis. Goethe, he frees himself from excess of pas-
Verhaeren's development is always toward the sion by giving it artistic expression in symbols.
discovery of the inner meaning - of the alle-
gorical sense —of external phenomena. Hence
“ The poet has torn his fear, his burning, moan-
his welcome of scientific and mechanical prog-
ing, horrible fear, out of himself, and poured it
ress as matter for poetry.
into his bell-ringer, who is consumed in his blazing
belfry. He has turned the monotony of his days to
Zweig notes the pictorial character of both
music in his poem of the rain; his mad fight
the early collections. “Monks," says he, "are against the elements, which in the end break his
for Verhaeren heroic symbols of mighty strength, he has shaped into the image of the
periods in the past," and he adds that the ferryman struggling against the current that shat-
poet" seemed obliged to exhaust both the his- ters his oars one after the other."
torical styles before he could reach his own, The pendulum has swung again, and the man
the modern style."
who would hold himself apart and see all in
Yet though both volumes show a distinct the terms of his own personality throws him-
harking back to the past in quest of beauty, self with open arms into the cosmic life to
for which reason Verhaeren has repudiated refind himself. “Nothing human is alien to
them, we must still note the essential realism. me," becomes his motto, and he hails with a
Before writing "Les Flamandes" the poet renewed joy every manifestation of the energy
had caroused at kermesses which imitated as and aspiration that characterize his genera-
best they could the ancient festivals; early ' tion. For him this alone is poetry, this the


154
(Sept. 2
THE DIAL
he It is characteristic of Verhaeren that the
music of the spheres to-day. Immense cities, The tribune Hérénien secretly admits the
which had formerly been anathema to him, enemy into the city, not as the act of a traitor
furnish the most striking example of this but with the conviction that goodness over-
united energy, and he finds poetry in the comes strife. He falls the first martyr to his
very force by which they suck the blood of ideal, but the cause is won. In “Philip II.,"
the country. So we have another trilogy,– Verhaeren pictures the Spanish monarch as
"Les Campagnes Hallucinées," "Les Villages Antichrist, for he has blasphemed against the
Illusoires, and "Les Villes Tentaculaires." spirit of life. “ Hélène de Sparte," which
In the assembly of vast multitudes of men all more nearly conforms to dramatic require-
moved by a common instinct,— the race for ments, is the tragedy of a woman afflicted by
power, whether by the acquisition of money or excessive beauty. She is tormented by the
science,-Verhaeren would see the breakdown desires of men, which she kindles against her
of national barriers and the formation of a will. Snatched from one lover to another, the
cosmic consciousness bent on the concentra- cause of innumerable crimes, a bane to ships
tion of human energy. This Utopian ideal he and men and cities and most of all to herself,
has expressed in his symbolistic drama, "Les she finds refuge only in death. “I have seen
Aubes."
the flaring of so many flames that now I love
His verse form, too, has changed. During only the hearth's glow and the lamp," is her
his storm and stress he had found the vers
libre, stanzas of irregular lines; and into the
later poems the rhythm of all the gigantic spirit of a play even about Helen should be
industry of modern life has entered. Herein anti-erotic. Zweig suggests that one cause of
lies his appeal to all manner of men. His work the inadequate appreciation among the great
is filled with what Zweig calls “the new public of his dramas is the absence of insis-
pathos,” which at once mirrors and inspires tence on amorous passion. There is not a sin-
the passion of his hearers.
gle woman in the caste of “Le Cloître.” Ver-
In Verhaeren's latest work another change haeren is one of the most masculine of lyric
is to be marked. This singer of force, of uni- poets: his appeal is rather to action and the
versal energy working with common interest
exercise of the intelligence and will than to
toward cosmic progress, finds a higher ideal pity. Sex-instinct he has never taken as a
still, - the union of humanity by universal
serious problem. Its gratification is a matter
love and admiration which joins men in their
of course in the life of vigorous manhood ab-
common purpose and musters individuals and
sorbed in intellectual pursuits. All his love
nations into a common cause— the striving poems are addressed to a single woman, his.
for the onward march of life. “ Il faut aimer
wife. “Les Heures Claires," "Les Heures
pour découvrir avec génie" is the note of his d'Après-midi," "Les Heures du Soir" form a
mature work. We need not wonder if his bit striking contrast both in diction and sentiment.
terness knows no bounds to-day.
He has with the frequently rough and almost brutal
chanted the triumph of life, and now the can-
tone of the rest of his work. Written in
non, mouthpieces of the modern quest of maturity, they speak with gentle simplicity of
power, are pealing back the triumph of death.
a great and lasting passion. "Je te regarde
Aside from his lyric work and yet a part of
et tous les jours je te découvre” is the key-
it - a synthesis of it -- are his dramas, in
note. “Oh la tendresse des forts !” exclaims
which prose and verse stand side by side, -
one critic in wondering admiration.
We have already said that the translation
prose for the groundwork, lyric for ecstasy.
of Zweig's book is admirably done. One never
Of course they are closet dramas, perhaps too
crowded with symbolically expressed ideas for might have been written as it stands by an
realizes that it is a translation at all. It
complete success on the stage. “Le Cloître
English poet,-- with a mind more given to
recalls the early collection of sonnets, “Les metaphysics than most of them are. That the
Moines." The monks are presented as all
author is himself a poet no one can doubt.
striving for the prior's chair -- a symbol of
Even in its English dress the style is that of
the greatest fitness to serve God.
The one
poetry; figures abound on every page, and a
chosen believes himself unworthy because of poet's conception of the greatness of his rôle
an early crime which he confesses to his breth-
permeates the book from cover to cover.
ren, to the people, and to the judicial authori. Zweig has cited generously: the passages are
ties. The Catholic doctrine of expiation by well chosen both as illustration and to inspire
confession furnishes here strikingly dramatic a desire in the reader for further acquain-
crises at least. ”
“Les Aubes” shows Oppido- tance with Verhaeren's work. The translator
magnum besieged by paupers and outcasts. has wisely left these quotations in the original.
9


1915)
155
THE DIAL
The book ends with a bibliography citing edi- Church - ancilla domini; and the leaders in
tions, criticisms, and English translations of ecclesiastical advance and development have
Verhaeren.
known how to appreciate what this alluring
coadjutor in the sacred service has done for
Those who wish for a brief but excellent them. Dr. Newton's volume is an enlarge-
selection of Verhaeren's work in metrical ment of two discourses delivered some years
translation will welcome the new edition of ago; but the thought of the author has
Miss Alma Strettell's “Poems of Emile Ver- deepened and clarified with the lapse of time,
haeren." The book contains a reproduction and we have here his mature and thoroughly
of Sargent's portrait of the author, a brief bio-considered utterance.
graphical notice, and English renderings of
“ Music, as we know it, was born into the world
a score of poems chosen from “Les Villages in the age of science. It is the art of the age of
Illusoires,”" Les Heures Claires," "Les Ap- knowledge. We need not, then, be surprised to
parus dans mes Chemins,” and “La Multiple find that music is not an art merely, that it is a
Splendeur." Thus, striking examples of the science as well. This which is true of all arts, is
poet's middle period (1891-1906), with three pre-eminently true of music. It is intellectual as
representative poems of his mature work, are
well as emotional. It deals with thoughts as much
included.
as with feelings. Its contents are ideas. Mu-
The translations are executed with no little
sicians are measured in the scale of music by their
intellectuality. Note the intellectual majesty which
technical skill; one can hear, for instance, the
crowns the heads of the great masters of music.
dull monotony of the rain almost as well in
Handel and Mozart and Beethoven lift above us
the English as in the French of “La Pluie”: heads as of the immortals. Intellectuality is
"Long as unending threads, the long-drawn rain stamped in every line of their faces."
Interminably, with its nails of grey,
“ Music is not an imitation of nature. Nature
Athwart the dull grey day,
provides no ready-made models of melody or har-
Rakes the green window-pane
mony, as she provides perfect types of form and
So infinitely, endlessly, the rain,
color. Hints she gives of music but only hints.
The long, long rain,
Man evolves music from within his own nature.
The rain."
It is distinctively the human art. It comes forth
The variety of the selections is also note-
in the awakening self-consciousness of man. Music
worthy. One finds descriptions of nature such
expresses the awakening self-consciousness of man,
as “The Snow," landscapes such as "The
as he confronts the mystery of the universe, only
to find deeper mystery within himself. The
Silence,” symbolic pieces dramatic in move-
marvellous creations of modern music are studies
ment such as “ The Bell-Ringer” or “ The
in self-consciousness; attempts to run the gamut
Ferryman,” love poems impassioned in their
of man's moods, to fathom the problems of his
simplicity, and finally the inspiring vision of being, to find a voice for
Saint George, of which the courageous note
'An infant crying in the night,
rings out again in one of the last poems in the
An infant crying for the light.''
collection, "Life" :
The thesis outlined in the above quotations
“To march, thus intrepid in confidence, straight receives extended treatment in the two papers
On the obstacle, holding the stubborn hope still included in this book. The first is on the sub-
Of conquering, thanks to firm blows of the will
, ject of “Mysticism in Music," the second
Of intelligence prompt, or of patience to wait;
deals with “Christian Mysticism in Music."
And to feel growing stronger within us the sense,
Day by day, of a power superb and intense.”
The entire scope of the mystical consciousness
is found in the great works of the great musi-
BENJ. M. WOODBRIDGE. cians: the symphonies of Beethoven present-
ing a complete and positive exposition, the
other musicians an exposition individualistic
THE INNER LIFE OF MUSIC. *
in every case but sometimes more burdened
Although the author of "The Mysticism of perfect realization.
with a negative element of struggle and im-
Music" had given the manuscript his final The book is written with eloquence and au-
revision, he did not live to see its issue from thority; the writer knows music thoroughly
the press. The subject was one that appealed and deeply, and the subject is one upon which
to him strongly, and he has put into the work he had unquestionable right to speak, being
some of his best thought and inspiration. at once a great teacher and an adequate musi-
Music has always been a handmaiden of the cian. The reader is led on from height to
* THE MYSTICISM OF MUSIC. By R. Heber Newton, D.D.
height of exposition, until the final outlook
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
gives him a new realization and a new under-
MUSIC AND THE HIGHER EDUCATION. By Edward Dickinson.
New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
standing of the illuminating art of music.


156
[ Sept. 2
THE DIAL
In “Music and the Higher Education,” Mr. book, and justifies the title given to the pres-
Edward Dickinson of Oberlin College makes ent review. The author's point of view is
a strong plea for the admission of musical made plain in the following quotation:
study to a regular place in the college cur- “ When our spirits are so moved by a stream
riculum. Indeed, his argument for his own of noble harmonies that all that is beautiful and
special art involves the consideration of the holy in life seems for the moment concentrated
larger project for the admission of the study for our joyful contemplation, are these celestial
and practice of every art into the courses now
visitants only a mockery, deceiving us, like the
offered at our universities. At present, with
desert mirage, with a semblance of truth, which,
such exception as is furnished by polytechnic when it fades, leaves nothing behind but the
memory of a glittering delusion? This can hardly
courses, art occupies only a place of modified
be. Music is definite enough when it takes pos-
sufferance. Thus music in some institutions
session of language and event, and adds some-
may be studied under such teachers as Profes-
thing to them which they required to attain full
sor Converse at Harvard and Professor
supremacy over us. We see clearly enough what
Parker at Yale; but even in these favored this added element is and the eminent service that
places music is not given the position and music performs. And do we not often feel that
rank which belong to it. The question of the music gains an even firmer basis of expression
educational value of the fine arts remains when it renounces the aid of a confederate art,
practically to be settled, and one may well ask
and takes its stand in a domain of feeling where
it can afford to be exclusive because sufficient
why a fully equipped school of music should
not be granted a coördinate position with a
unto itself and supreme? The chief support of
this conviction lies in the consciousness that, when
.similarly endowed school of botany or mathe-
we hear great music, it is not one part of our
matics or chemistry.
nature that is taken captive — as when we come
Sitting in his lecture room at the close of a in contact with a picture, a tale, a play, which
scholastic year, the writer falls into a revery, shuts off a part of life and holds us to that -
and there floats before him the succession of
but the music is not circumscribed, it is the circuit
thoughts which have crystallized in this
of our spiritual nature that is traversed, we are
volume:
no longer in the presence of the phenomenal but
the essential; it is the whole in us that is em-
“Brooding over the problem in the stillness of
braced, it is the whole in us that rejoices.".
his deserted lecture room, this devotee of music,
The contention that the arts should have
grateful for what his art had done for him, and
also cordially recognizing the deference due to
a prominent place in college courses is un-
other minds of different experience from his own,
doubtedly an important one; and the claims
began to formulate his convictions of the true
of music for inclusion in the curriculum are
relationship between his own department and the persuasively and logically unfolded in Mr.
whole mechanism of college life. For he felt that Dickinson's presentation. The experiences of
his duty required not only that he cultivate the a lifetime have gone to the making of his
love of music in his pupils, but that he also adjust argument. We know of no book which more
the results of his teaching to other disciplines, so thoroughly covers its ground; and the elo-
that out of his effort, in correspondence with the
quent exposition will carry conviction to the
effort of other guides, a unity of intellectual life
reader. It should render admirable service
should proceed. He believed that this unity could
be achieved, but under what conditions, and by in the needed reformations and justifications
what methods? Like the French philosopher, he
which it propounds.
must be allowed to say, 'I cultivate my garden,'
LOUIS JAMES BLOCK.
but at the same time he must look beyond the
bounds of the little estate that is given him to
till, and find inspiration and direction for his
NOTES ON NEW NOVELS.
labors in the adaptation of his husbandry to the
issues of the greater harvest."
The seemingly interminable procession of Mr.
In the development of the purpose which
Arnold Bennett's earlier stories reprinted in Amer-
ican editions is continued with “ The City of
Mr. Dickinson has placed before him, it be-
Pleasure” (Doran). The first thirteen chapters
comes indispensable that he should take a
pile up a mystery reminiscent in certain details of
survey of the history of music, give an account Stevenson's “ The Wrong Box," with a great Lon-
of its significance and value to general culture, don amusement park as the scene. There is
and show how far its high and unquestionable apparent murder, an attempt at murder both by
claims have reached their fruition. It must shooting and poison, a surreptitious love affair, a
be said at once that all this has been very well
hateful old woman, a popular musical director and
done; and as the main body of the work is
composer, and a millionaire, besides various exotic
specimens of humanity to begin with. What is
given over to this achievement, the volume
more, the mystery baffles ordinary solution until
takes its place side by side with Dr. Newton's a chapter or two before the close, by which time


1915)
157
THE DIAL
two other love affairs have been introduced. The always should.” It is a book of peace in a sadly
book is absorbing in its fantastic mingling of troubled world.
gayety and mystery.
“Me” (Century Co.) is hardly a novel, though
Indians, Mormons, outlaws, and the spirit of the it has many of the aspects of fiction. It is rather
western desert and mountains combine to make an autobiography, sincerely written, of a young
Mr. Zane Grey's “ The Rainbow Trail” (Harper) girl who eventually becomes a successful author
an unusual story. A preacher disgraced by his and playwright, and of her struggles from the
lapsing faith comes into this distant region to moment of leaving her Canadian home to become
rescue, if possible, three persons who have been the assistant editor of a journal in Jamaica until
imprisoned in a cañon by an earthquake. One of she rids herself of the man with whom she believed
these he conceives of as a beautiful girl, and in herself to be in love,- a man greatly her senior
imagination he falls in love with her. When at and a rather dreadful person in spite of his kind-
last he comes upon the party, the girl has been ness to her. Although published anonymously, the
sealed to a fanatic Mormon as his plural wife. author of “Me" is believed to be Onoto Watanna
By that time his rescue of a noble Navajo's sister (Mrs. Winnifred Eaton Babcock). The book has
has brought him the able assistance he so needs an introduction by Miss Jean Webster.
for her salvation, not alone from the Indian but Mr. Arnold Mulder opens a new field for Amer-
also from a brave Mormon who meets them in the
ican fiction in “ Bram of the Five Corners”
Grand Cañon of the Colorado. Of course the
(McClurg), a story of the Hollanders in Michigan.
book is melodramatic, but not many readers are The portrayal of the struggle of conscience in a
likely to object to it on that score.
young candidate for the Christian Reformed min-
The impress being made on literature by jour- istry is strongly and plausibly done. The disturbing
nalism as the practical university in which the art
question, moreover, is a highly practical prob-
of writing in these days is most readily acquired
lem in eugenics which confronts him at the moment
shows in the number of journalists who are en-
when his faith in Calvinism seemed most secure.
listed as heroes of novels. Young Andrew Dick
Driven from his church, Bram takes up newspaper
in Mr. Keble Howard's “Merry Andrew" (Lane)
work as a sort of last chance, and is awakened to
is an instance in point. Very much in love, he
its powers of service by his city editor. The book
fails to get his degree at Oxford at a moment when is ably written, and excites lively hopes for fur-
his father's death leaves him penniless. He comes
ther work from its author.
to London to conquer, and is nearly overwhelmed Mr. Frank R. Adams is better known as a pur-
in his first attempts to earn a living with his pen. veyor of libretti for opéra bouffe than as a teller
Driven to teaching, he finally makes a successful of tales, but his “Five Fridays” (Small, May-
connection by a combination of hard work, deter- nard & Co.) is an entertaining combination of the
mination, and luck. The book is well named, for two arts; it is an amusing story which might
the situations in which the hero is involved bring easily be made the basis for an amusing farce.
smiles, if not laughter.
Several widely varying characters are marooned
The real savor of New England, especially of
on an island, with little or no food. Rumors of
that well preserved and salted portion of it lying crime bring from the mainland other characters.
about Cape Cod, pervades Mr. Joseph C. Lincoln's
A tenuous love story is introduced, and the situa-
new story,“ Thankful's Inheritance” (Appleton). tions multiply until the farce almost becomes bur-
The title refers to a plot of land and an old house lesque.
which a woman of sound common sense inherits In Mrs. Eleanor Hallowell Abbott's “ The In-
and utilizes as a boarding-house. In and around discreet Letter" (Century Co.), the action, until
this home the whole action of the story takes place the climax is reached, takes place on a rushing
and the courtship of both the owner and her pretty train. The characters are casual, mere chance ac-
niece comes to fruition. There is even something quaintances thrown together in the journey. The
more than a suspicion of a ghost on the premises, two men are externally commonplace, but with the
ghost enough, at least, to bring the villain of the inner spring of human kindliness that seldom fails
tale into remorse of conscience and round out the to flow in proof of the whole world's kinship. The
material side of the happy ending. It is a story third character is a true heroine of romance, speed-
witty enough to make its reading a delight.
ing on her way to the journey's end that Shake-
With “Penelope's Postscripts” (Houghton) we
speare sang. And there is a delicious touch at the
bid good-bye – but not finally, let us hope — to
end, as gratifying as it is unexpected.
the trio of heroines who have smiled through two The theme of Mrs. Martha Gilbert Dickinson
earlier volumes, shepherded by Mrs. Kate Douglas Bianchi's latest novel, “ The Kiss of Apollo"
Wiggin. Like its predecessors, this smaller book (Duffield), is the old one of the woman who seeks
maintains the idea that “ the most charming to conquer nature, and is conquered by it. The
knowledge is the sort that comes by unconscious heroine is shocked in her early youth by the laxity
absorption, like the free grace of God.” But the of metropolitan society. She closes her eyes to
three delightful women are now all married, and realities and lives in her own world, scarcely moved
it is "ten years after," and Penelope herself when her husband leaves her for another. At the
writes that she and her husband are growing end, the love she had earlier spurned she eagerly
old with the country that gave us birth (God bless grasps, in the face of the conventions, her boyhood
it!) and our children growing up with it, as they lover leaving the priesthood to join her.


158
(Sept. 2
THE DIAL
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
sands of the sea, for all youths will love him
and quote him with hot hearts and passionate
In “Contemporary Portraits"
tears as long as English is spoken"? Or, in
Some portraits (Kennerley), Mr. Frank Harris
and assertions.
reading how we are responsible for the un-
has written two books where he
happy ends of Whistler, Oscar Wilde, John
thinks he has written but one. The first of Davidson, and Richard Middleton, what shall
these is what the title implies,- an effort to
we make of the sentence: “I do not hope to
portray men Mr. Harris has known. With the
persuade Englishmen or Americans of this
exception of Fabre, some of whose observa-
truth (the limitless value of such men] for
tions of insects and animals are charmingly many a year to come, though I have the high-
retold, the seventeen men Mr. Harris depicts est warrant for it and am absolutely convinced
are of the literary and artistic classes. We
of the fact”? To put the matter in a nut-
are made to see them as Mr. Harris saw them; shell, the second book constitutes an eighteenth
and we are grateful for many new glimpses of portrait, that of Mr. Harris himself, and it is
the giants of a former generation, - Carlyle, the least interesting and profitable of any in
Renan, Whistler, and Guy de Maupassant,- the volume.
as well as for a closer acquaintance with liv-
ing or very recent celebrities. The portrayal,
Mr. James Barnes, a newspaper
though sympathetic, is honest. Mr. Harris is
Two travellers
in Central Africa.
correspondent who handles a
willing, for example, to record Browning's
ready pen, and Mr. Cherry
outburst of bitterness because Lowell was Kearton, famous as an animal photographer
lionized socially more than himself, and to and familiar with parts of Africa, have col-
express the conviction that Browning was laborated to produce a most readable and
certainly bigger in his writings than he was attractive volume in “Through Central
in intimacy.” In short, this first book, though Africa ” (Appleton). The purpose of their
not of equal value throughout, is praiseworthy expedition, which left London in April, 1913,
for its frankness and for its first-hand evi- was to secure a film library of moving pictures
dence as to personalities well worth the know- of animals in their natural surroundings, to
ing. Unfortunately it is mixed in inextrica- be presented to natural history museums for
ble fashion with the other book, which sets free exhibition. The travellers planned to
forth theories and speculations of Mr. Har- secure a series of pictures which should repre-
ris's own. These are usually tiresome, and sent the fauna of Africa from coast to coast,
sometimes irritating in both matter and man- from Mombasa on the Indian Ocean to the
ner. Mr. Harris takes himself very seriously mouth of the Congo River. Fortunately, they
as an interpreter of literary values and of made a detour from this simple traverse of the
modern society and thought. He recurs fre- continent, and spent weeks in the grass-lands
quently to his flighty assumptions about the back of Nairobi and up toward the Abyssinian
life and personality of Shakespeare. He in- border. This was familiar ground to Mr.
dulges in amusing literary comparisons: Kearton, and many beautiful and interesting
“Matthew Arnold could never have been a pictures were there secured. Later on they
great critic, but he might surely have reached took up the traverse, and crossing the great
somewhat the same level as Swinburne” had lake, struck through the forest, travelling on
it not been for his “debasing Puritanism." foot and by canoe to Basoko, where they took
He makes bold statements, settles offhand the steamer down the Congo. The travellers were
most baffling questions: the late Sir Richard surprised and grievously disappointed to find
Burton was greater both in speech and action that the forest was not suited to moving-
than Raleigh, Paul Verlaine “is the great picture work; and they lost their time, labor,
est Christian singer since Dante," Carlyle and money so far as their main purpose was
(though he "rusted unused," to be sure) was concerned, in this, the pièce de résistance of
the greatest statesman of the past two centu- their expedition. For the pleasure of the
ries in England, French unreserve of speech picture-loving reader, it is lucky that so much
on matters sexual is in every way superior to was done in the preliminary journey, because
the prudish reticence of Anglo-Saxon peoples, almost no animal pictures were secured in the
the middle class government of England is a forest. The real interest of the book, however,
thing almost utterly bad, and religion and is found in its account of the continental
immortality are done for. And what shall we traverse; though thousands have passed over
say of the nonsensical grandiloquence of such these trails during the last thirty years, few
a passage as this : “Swinburne was the poet good descriptions of the experience have been
“
of youth, and his heritage is as wide as the written. The forest itself, though gloomy and
world, and his lovers (are) as numerous as the depressing, has its charm; though animal pic-
]
>


1915)
159
THE DIAL
9
-
66
66
tures cannot be caught in its dim recesses, its early adventures in fiction — "An Unsocial
human inhabitants can be posed in the sun- Socialist," “Love among the Artists,” and
light of its little clearings and their pictures “Cashel Byron's Profession,” are given a new
taken; history has been made even here, and lease of life. We are especially glad, also, to
everywhere one is oppressed with memories have in such convenient form those two gems
of Stanley and "the rear guard" and Emin of inimitable humor, Mr. Barry Pain's “De
Pasha's relief. Here in the forest of the Omnibus" and Mr. F. Anstey's “Baboo
Ituri-Aruwimi River live the purest type of Jabberjee, B. A.” The essay form is worthily
pygmies and little-known tribes of cannibals. represented by such books as Mr. Dobson's
Mr. Barnes came into contact with all of these “Eighteenth Century Studies," Mr. G. W. E.
peoples, and gives us some fine pictures of the Russell's “Selected Essays on Literary Sub-
little folk. From his book we do not get much jects," Mr. G. S. Street's “The Ghosts of
description of life or customs, nor of geogra- Piccadilly," and Mr. Holbrook Jackson's
phy or country, - we get nothing, perhaps, in “Southward Ho!” Of miscellaneous works
the way of new scientific facts. It is a narra- we find a charming open-air anthology enti-
tive pure and simple, interestingly told, of a tled “The Lore of the Wanderer"; Mr. A. G.
journey unusual, if not unique, in character Gardiner's vivid pen portraits of present-day
and purpose. The writer tells us that they English celebrities, "Prophets, Priests, and
are very glad they went, but there are cer- Kings"; and Mr. James Milnes's “Epistles
tain portions of the journey that they would of Atkins.” While we have been able to give
not care to do again.” These
certain por-
in the foregoing at least an indication of the
tions,” by the way, seem really to be the most range and interest of the literary field covered
important part of their enterprise.
by “The Wayfarer's Library," we must leave
our readers to discover for themselves the
Books for
Few of the numerous series physical attractiveness of the volumes. That
the wayfarer's
launched in recent years have
such excellence of bookmaking is compatible
pocket.
justified themselves so immedi- with the modest price at which the volumes
ately and decidedly as does " The Wayfarer's are sold is little less than remarkable.
Library” (Dutton). Bearing the imprint of
the English and American publishing houses
Amusement for a summer after-
Fact and fiction
which have produced "Everyman's Library
in the form of noon will be found in disentan-
autobiography.
in collaboration, we take it that the new series
gling the fact from the fiction in
is designed as a sort of adjunct to that benefi- “The Record of Nicholas Freydon: An Auto-
cent enterprise,- giving sanctuary, as it were, biography” (Doran), by an anonymous au-
to those numerous books in recent English thor of evident talent, if not even of genius.
literature which, while standing well above The problem of his identity, too, challenges
the ephemeral mass of publications, have not the acuteness of the reader, and there is room
yet attained the rank of classics. But that for a good deal of shrewd guessing without
this idea has not been held to as closely as hitting the mark — unless the casually im-
might be desired is evident from a survey of parted information that the writer was ten
the two score volumes with which the series is years and one day old on the second of May,
inaugurated. On the one hand we have such 1870, be strictly true and so a check to any.
commonplace stock in trade for the reprinter thing like random conjecture as to the author-
as Lamb's essays and Dickens's Christmas sto- ship. The story, or history, is of a literary
ries; on the other we find the sort of current life of painfully earned success, chiefly jour-
fiction indicated by the names of such writers nalistic, the scene being alternately in London,
as Guy Boothby, L. Cope Cornford, and Mrs. Australia, London again, and finally Aus-
Belloc Lowndes. But between these extremes tralia. Orphanage and poverty and a proud
are many titles which deserve and will evoke and rather defiant disposition constitute the
the heartiest welcome. First place, in our chief part of the hero's somewhat conven-
judgment, belongs to George Gissing's “Pri- tional equipment; but the vicissitudes of his
vate Papers of Henry Ryecroft," a book as arduous climb to a fair measure of success in
surely destined to become a classic in its kind his calling are not altogether of the usual sort
as any other English prose work of the past — quite the contrary in some instances. The
quarter century. Scarcely.less welcome is the spiritual struggles and agonies, moreover, are
posthumous collection of Gissing's stories of absorbing interest, and serve to give dis-
entitled “The House of Cobwebs," a reprint tinction to the book. In its general scheme
which would be well worth while if only for the work is not unlike George Gissing's “ The
the biographical sketch of the author which Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft.” As in
it contains. Three of Mr. Bernard Shaw's | that remarkable bit of autobiographic remi-


160
(Sept. 2
THE DIAL
66
“ The
niscence and reflection, so here we have an tice they must yield before military necessity.
ostensible "editor," who prepares for the Here is an example in nuce of this logic of
press, with editorial comment, the posthumous militarism: "No inhabitant of the occupied
papers of his friend of pathetic memory; and territory is to be disturbed in the use and free
in both instances the oneness of editor and disposition of his property; on the other hand
author is manifest. In the later book, far the necessity of war justifies the most far-
more than in the earlier, verisimilitude is reaching disturbance, restriction, and even
marred by the dramatic intensity of the lights imperiling of his property.” Perhaps the
and shades, the startling nature of the acci- most offensive pronouncement of all is the
dents and coincidences, the completeness and assertion that "indeed international law is in
rhetorical finish of the recorded conversations, no way opposed to the exploitation of the
even those recalled from childhood, and the crimes of third parties (assassination, incen-
prevailing atmosphere of romance. Without diarism, robbery, and the like) to the preju-
doubt the narrative is a skilful mingling of dice of the enemy." When one reflects further
fact and fiction, a groundwork of actual expe- that necessity often means simply expe-
rience with trimmings of a lesser degree of diency, the German doctrine Not kennt kein
actuality, all presented with much literary art Gebot becomes, in the language of the street,
and calculated to charm the reader who once anything to win.” And that is the final les-
opens the volume. One at least of the writer's son of the War Book of the German General
assertions about himself is evidently true: he Staff.
mentions the scantiness of his schooling and
his ignorance of grammar, and this confes-
Coming Newspaper
Aspects of
sion prepares one for such lapses as “this contemporary (Holt), a collection of addresses
journalism.
minutiæ," " that strata," a glaring misuse of
,
and papers on journalism by
"complaisant" and "complaisance" for “com-
experienced newspaper men, is edited by Pro-
placent” and “complacence," and the misquo- fessor Merle Thorpe, of the department of
tation, “Je suis, je reste” a misquotation journalism in the University of Kansas. He
that the "editor" reproduces, curiously
curiously names the volume, not in an accurately de-
enough, in his concluding note. Taken all in scriptive manner, from his own initial con-
all, “ The Record of Nicholas Freydon " is a tribution to its contents. Other contributors
notable contribution to pseudo-autobiography.
are Dr. Washington Gladden, Mr. Oswald
Garrison Villard, Mr. Melville E. Stone, Mr.
There are two reasons why an
Norman Hapgood, Dr. Lyman Abbott, Mr.
The German
edition in English of “ The War
Hamilton Holt, and a dozen more of like
Book of the German General standing; and they discourse on such themes
Staff" (McBride, Nast & Co.) is welcome. In
as "Tainted Journalism," "Some Weaknesses
“
the first place, it gives us documentary evi-
of Modern Journalism," "The Clubber in
dence of the most authoritative sort concern-
Journalism," "A Modern Type of Country
ing the methods that Germany intends to
Journalism," "A State License for Newspaper
"
employ in any war with which she may be Men," “The English Substitute for the
faced. In the second place, it yields indirect
License Plan," "A Code of Ethics for News-
testimony to support those accusations of ter- paper Men," "Government Regulation for
“
rorism and atrocity which many judicious Press Associations,” Community Service,"
people, in spite of the Bryce report, are still
and “Giving the Public What It Wants.” As
loath to believe. The translation is by Dr.
may be recognized by some readers, a number
J. H. Morgan, Professor of Constitutional
of these chapters were first made public by
Law in the University of London, whose intro-
their respective authors in the course of those
duction is a sort of moralizing commentary on
memorable exercises that distinguished Kan-
the text that follows. The translation is
sas Newspaper Week (May 10–14) from the
vouched for as literal and integral; even the
rest of the weeks of the year 1914; and the
foot-notes are rendered; where the editor has
topics treated were selected from a list ob-
added a note of his own it is bracketted and
tained by the issue of a questionnaire to "one
initialed. What strikes one most in reading thousand men and women in public and pri-
the book is the contrast between the moderate vate life.” Thus a creditable measure of suc-
and humane general principles of military cess has been attained in giving to the various
conduct and the truculent exceptions when disquisitions a more than academic interest.
need compels. In this way the excellent theory Actual experience and ripe reflection speak in
of “civilized” warfare is rendered nugatory almost every paragraph. On the first page of
in use. International law and Hague conven- his opening chapter (“ The Coming News-
tions are academically desirable, but in prac-paper ") Professor Thorpe scores “the man
soldier's
vade-mecum.


1915)
161
THE DIAL
sculptor of
Mediterranean
memories.
who continually harks back to the grand old more or less successful imitators! A solution
days of Greeley” and “ fails utterly to appre- of these problems has engaged the attention of
ciate how impossible it would be for the news- Professor Marquand for the past twenty years
less, violently partisan journal of the fifties to or more; and his final collation of all the
find a footing in our present-day life, uncon- documentary evidence bearing on the ques-
fronted, as it is, by any great moral crisis.” | tion, his chronological classification of all the
It is true we have no slavery question to vex work of Luca della Robbia, and his examina-
us now, but other issues involving moral con- tion of the works which have sometimes been
siderations of the first importance are not attributed to him, may be accepted as the final
lacking. Improvement in our journalism dur- word on a fascinating subject. The pictorial
ing the last ten years is detected by the same presentation of the volume is sure to be a
writer, and on the whole the tone of the entire delight to art lovers. From the scanty details
book is hopeful, constructively critical rather of his life that are preserved to us, Luca della
than sourly censorious. But of course this Robbia appears to have been a man of irre-
was to be expected, as well as desired, from a proachable character, whose work was done
company of men engaged in journalism of the from the most unselfish of motives, and who
better sort.
left thereon the impress of a pure, humble,
and affectionate nature. The promise that
Professor Allan
A Florentine
Marquand's the present volume will be followed before
imposing work on "Luca della long by others on Andrea della Robbia and
the 15th century. Robbia" (Princeton University Giovanni della Robbia, and on the Robbia
Press), is a most valuable contribution to art School, will be a source of satisfaction in many
history. It furnishes a descriptive catalogue quarters.
of all the works of one of the great artists of
the fifteenth century, one who, it has been
Laid on the shelf for a year by
declared, gave impulse to the Renaissance;
his own choice, from a prema-
one who was the founder of a “school” of
ture feeling of superannuation,
sculpture, chiefly among the members of his the author of "From the Shelf” (Dutton),
“
own family. Luca was born in 1399 or 1400,
who calls himself “Paxton Holgar" on his
and died in 1481. His work in sculpture dates title-page and “John ” in the body of his
from 1430. Sixteen years later, being unable book, narrates his recuperative experiences in
to execute by himself the numerous commis- a deserted monastery on what we assume to
sions he was receiving from every part of be one of the Balearic Islands. At any rate,
Italy, he formed a partnership with his it is a Spanish island, delightfully somnolent
nephew, Andrea, and his great-nephew, Gio- and unmodernized, in the Mediterranean;
vanni; and also employed as helpers the two and the author's graphic touches of local color
Duccio brothers, Ottaviano and Agostino, who and local character, with morsels of romance
,
are often erroneously regarded as members and adventure, and an atmosphere of almost
of the Robbia family. The four were collabo- convincing reality - not prosaic realism -
rators with Luca in most of his later work. over all, make one envy him the twelve
To Luca is accorded the distinction, not of months' rest and communion with nature and
inventing the process of enamel-glazing terra his own soul that ended in the happy manner
cotta, the “secret” of which he is said to have he so well describes in his closing chapters.
confided to Andrea, his nephew, but of suc- But the reader's natural desire to believe it all
cessfully applying to sculpture what Palissy a true story cannot blind him, even with the
a century later applied to pottery. It was best of will to meet the author half-way, to
Luca's purpose to democratize sculpture so occasional inconsistencies and artificialities.
that even village churches might possess works On one page, for instance, the narrator calls
of art which before were reserved for the pos- himself “naturally unobservant,” although in
session of the great cathedrals and the wealthy a later passage he gives evidence of acute
metropolitan churches. Out of these circum- observation and refers to his "usually keen
stances have arisen the problems which the eyes.” Nevertheless, the book is a little mas-
present volume attempts to solve. How much terpiece in its way, in its combination of topo-
of all the exquisite glazed terra cotta in the graphic detail that escapes weariness and
della Robbia style now extant or known for character-sketching that makes its subjects
merly to have existed was really the work of live and breathe before one's eyes. Whatever
Luca ? How much was the work of Andrea, and wherever may be the geographic equiva-
which was often compared and contrasted lents of the author's San Telmo and Torelya,
with that of his uncle? How much was the he knows them well and pictures them charm-
work of other members of the family or of ingly.


162
(Sept. 2
THE DIAL
66
" the
year is
NOTES.
A volume of essays by Professor William Henry
Hudson, to be entitled “A Quiet Corner in a
A thorough critical study of Mr. Gilbert K.
Library,” is promised by Messrs. Rand, McNally
Chesterton has been made by Mr. Julius West, and & Co. The writers discussed are Tom Hood,
will appear during the autumn.
George Lillo, Richardson, and the author of " Sally
L. T. Hobhouse's “Morals in Evolution," first in Our Alley."
published in 1907, will shortly appear in a new The first of several posthumous works by the
and revised edition, with Messrs. Holt's imprint. late John Muir is announced for October publi-
Early in the autumn an illustrated book by cation by Messrs. Houghton Mifflin Co. under the
Colonel Robert McCormick, dealing with his expe- title of “ Travels in Alaska.” It is planned to
riences in the war area, will be published by the issue the book in both a regular and a limited
Macmillan Co.
large paper edition.
A new and cheaper edition of the late Francis A volume of “Letters of Washington Irving to
Fisher Browne's “Everyday Life of Abraham
Henry Brevoort," extending from 1807 to 1843,
Lincoln” will be issued early in the autumn by and mostly unpublished, edited by Mr. George S.
Messrs. Putnam.
Hellman, is one of the more interesting literary
Mr. James Huneker's forthcoming volume of announcements of the autumn season. Messrs.
essays on literary and art topics will be entitled Putnam will publish the book.
“Ivory Apes and Peacocks” and will be issued “Feminism in Germany and Scandinavia," by
by Messrs. Scribner.
Miss Katharine Anthony, will be published this
A new and complete edition of Browning's month by Messrs. Holt. It will give a full ac-
poetical works, embodying the new poems pub-
count of what the leaders of the woman movement
lished in a separate volume some months ago, will in Germany and the three northern kingdoms are
be published at once by the Macmillan Co.
attempting and have achieved.
The title of Mr. H. G. Wells's new novel, which Mr. Thomas H. Dickinson, the editor of the
the Macmillan Co. will publish this month, is “ The recently-published volume, “ The Chief Contem-
Research Magnificent." It is described as porary Dramatists," discusses present tendencies
story of one man's search for the kingly life.” in the dramatic affairs of this country in his
The third volume of M. Artzibashef's to be pub- book, “ The Case of American Drama,” which the
lished in English translation within less than a
Houghton Mifflin Co. will publish this month.
Breaking-point,” which Mr. B. W. Arrangements have already been made by
Huebsch announces for immediate publication. Messrs. Holt for the publication next March of a
A new series of " Essays for College Men," volume by Dr. Richard Burton, the tentative title
compiled by Professors Foerster, Manchester, and
of which is “Bernard Shaw: The Man and the
Young of the University of Wisconsin, is an-
Mask." A book of “ Poems of Earth's Mean-
nounced for immediate publication by Messrs.
ing” by Dr. Burton will also appear under the
Holt.
same imprint at a later date.
“ The Story of a Pioneer,” by Dr. Anna Howard
We understand that there will soon appear a
Shaw, in which the famous suffrage advocate tells fuller account than has yet been published in En-
the tale of her own life of many and varied activi- glish of the life and personality of Frau Krupp
ties, will appear this month with Messrs. Harper's von Bohlen, who inherited from her father, the
imprint.
late Friedrich Krupp, the huge arsenal at Essen.
There is no little romantic interest in this young
A translation of M. Antoine Guilland's “ Mod-
ern Germany and Its Historians (Niebuhr,
girl in whose control lies the greatest of modern
Ranke, Mommsen, Sybel, and Treitschke) has been
factories for the output of engines of death.
prepared and will soon be issued by Messrs.
Professor Fred Lewis Pattee, of Pennsylvania
McBride, Nast & Co.
State College, has prepared “A History of Ameri-
Mr. Stanley Washburn, whose “ Field Notes
can Literature since 1870,” which the Century Co.
from the Russian Front” was recently published,
will bring out before long. The author is said to
has a further volume in the press, continuing his
have chosen 1870 as the starting point of his
narrative under the title, “The Russian Cam-
record because he thinks that only then, with the
paign, January to July, 1915."
consolidation of national sentiment following the
A new historical romance of love and adventure
Civil War, did a national literature really begin.
by Miss Mary Johnston is among the autumn pub-
To their fine series of Riverside Press limited
lications of Houghton Mifflin Co. It is entitled editions, Messrs. Houghton Mifflin Co. will shortly
“The Fortunes of Garin," and has for its scene
add the following: Montaigne's Essay on
Southern France in the time of the Crusades.
Friendship,” together with twenty-nine sonnets by
“ The People's Government,” by Dr. David
Estienne de la Boëtie, translated by Mr. Louis
Jayne Hill, former Ambassador to Germany, will
How; “A Handbook of Gastronomy " by Jean
be published early this month by Messrs. Apple-
Anthelme Brillat-Savarin; ' and “Dr. Holmes's
ton. It constitutes a discussion of the relations Boston,” a compilation edited by Miss Caroline
between the citizen and the State, of the origin
Ticknor.
and possibilities of the State, and of the sources “ The Covent-Garden Journal by Henry Field-
of its authority.
ing," edited, with Introduction and Notes, by Dr.


1915]
163
THE DIAL
66
Gerard E. Jensen, will be issued during the autumn and will include an introduction by M. Paul Lam-
by the Yale University Press. From the same botte, Belgian Minister of Fine Arts. Besides the
house will come “ The Life and Times of Tenny- ordinary editions there will be an édition de luxe.
son,” by the late_Thomas R. Lounsbury, and a A liberal royalty on the work will go to the Bel-
translation of M. Paul Claudel's play, "L'Otage," gian Relief Fund.
made by Miss Clara Bell, with an Introduction by The present condition of the Polish Jews,
M. Pierre Chavannes.
“ driven hither and yon, from one gang of tor-
A “History of the Norwegian People," by Mr. turers to the other,” has been represented by eye-
Knut Gjerset, is announced for immediate publi- witnesses as incomparably more pitiful than that
cation by the Macmillan Co. The work is in two of the unhappy Belgians. This lamentable state
volumes, covering the history of Norway and its and many other woes of the Hebrew people are
people from the earliest times, and dealing not to be remedied, it is hoped by many of their
only with the life of the people in Norway itself, number, when the Zionist movement shall have
but also with the influence exerted upon other achieved its end. A timely utterance on the sub-
nations by the Norwegians who have emigrated to ject is Professor Horace Meyer Kallen's “Na-
other countries, including the United States. tionality and the Jewish Stake in the Great War,"
In " Memories of a Publisher," a forthcoming reprinted from “ The Menorah Journal,” and
volume by Mr. George Haven Putnam, the author
obtainable from the Zionist Bureau of New En-
continues his personal reminiscences from 1865, gland, 161 Devonshire Street, Boston.
the date to which the narrative in his earlier book, The first number of a new monthly magazine in
“ Memories of My Youth," had been brought. The French whose interests and scope are defined by
new volume will contain records of well-known its title, “ La Revue de Hollande,” has reached
people whom the author has met during the last us. Among the contributions to this (July) issue
fifty years, together with his views on questions of we note Emile Verhaeren's “Le passé des Flan-
the day in which he has, as a citizen, taken his dres,” Ph. Zilcken's “ Quelques souvenirs sur Ed-
part.
mond de Goncourt," Dirk Coster's “ Introduction
Mr. Harry A. Cushing, of the New York bar,
à l'étude de la littérature néerlandaise," and Henri
has written a concise volume on Voting Trusts :
Malo's " Les défenses de l'Yser dans l'Histoire,”
Chapters in Recent Corporate History," said to be together with verses by Max Elskamp, Fernand
the first book upon this subject, which the Mac-
Séverin, and Fernand de Solpray. “In Memo-
millans announce for issue this month. The same
riam," by the editor, M. G. S. de Solpray, is an
house has nearly ready “The Criminal Imbecile," appreciation of the French writers who have died
by Mr. Henry H. Goddard, which gives an analy-
in the present war, numbering nearly thirty at
sis of certain murder cases in which the Binet
the time of compiling this list.
tests were used, and discusses the question of re- A new publisher with an interesting and dis-
sponsibility
tinctive programme is Mr. Alfred A. Knopf, whose
Some interesting publications in the field of imprint will appear upon a title-page in the
poetry announced by Messrs. Houghton Mifflin
autumn for the first time. Mr. Knopf's special
Co. for October issue include “ The Little Book of
aim at first will be the publishing of English ver-
American Poets,” edited by Miss Jessie Ritten-
sions of Russian classics and modern works, many
house; “The Quiet Hour,' edited by Mr. FitzRoy
of which have never been put before the English-
Carrington; “Afternoons of April” by Miss Grace reading public. The following works by the older
Hazard Conkling; Interflow by Mr. Geoffrey
Russian authors will be among the first to be
C. Faber; and two verse dramas — “ The Clois-
issued: “ The Cathedral Staff of Priests," Les-
ter" by Emile Verhaeren, and “Red Wine of
kov's classic of the clergy; Lermontov's “A Hero
Roussillon" by Mr. William Lindsey.
of Our Times”; Shchedrin's novel, “ The Family
“ The Chronicle of Twelve Days, July 23-
Golovlev"; Goncharov's masterpiece, “ Oblomov,"
and Gogol's tale of the Cossacks, “ Taras Bulba."
August 4, 1914, with an Interpretation," by Mr.
William Archer, is announced by the Oxford Uni-
Of the younger men in Russian literature a dozen
versity Press. The author's object has been to
or more authors are represented in the list of
weave the official dispatches and other authentic
books Mr. Knopf plans to publish in the near
future. Among these are Kuprin's military novel,
documents into a connected narrative — in his own
The Duel," and a volume of his short stories;
words,“ to reduce this confusion of voices to
something like a logical sequence, and in so doing story of the last attempted revolution in Russia;
Ropschin's "As If It Had Never Happened," a
to determine who was responsible for the fact
that a 'happy ending' was obstinately staved off,
Sologub's first important novel, “ The Little De-
in favour of the sanguinary catastrophe now
mon," and a volume of his stories called The
Old House"; Veressayev's “Memoirs of a Phy-
working itself out."
sician"; and a volume of stories by Garshin.
One of the chief art books of the coming season Works by Ivan Bunin, Kamensky, Briussov, and
will be devoted to “Belgium,” with illustrations Erastov will appear later on. The field of drama
by Mr. Frank Brangwyn. There will be twenty- will be represented with plays by Turgenev,
five plates from Mr. Brangwyn's original draw Ostrovsky, and Gogol. Mr. Knopf expects to pub-
ings, reproduced by wood engraving. The text is lish also a new and cheaper edition of Prince Kro-
by Mr. Hugh Stokes. The work has been dedi- potkin's “Russian Literature," a standard survey
cated by permission to the King of the Belgians, of the subject.


164
(Sept. 2
THE DIAL
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
September, 1915.
.
Value, Concept of. B. M. Anderson, Jr. Quar. Jour. Econ.
Value, Concept of. J. M. Clark
Quar. Jour. Econ.
Value and Social Interpretation. J. E. Boodin Am. Jour. Soc.
War, Financing the. James R. Merriam World's Work
War, Honorable. J. William Lloyd
Forum
War, Side-issues of the. Sydney Brooks
Atlantic
War, United States and the. T. H. Price World's Work
War and the Wealth of Nations. L. P. Jacks
Atlantic
War Notes from a Newspaper Desk. Simeon
Strunsky
Atlantic
White Mountains, Motoring through the. Louise ciosser
Hale
Century
Whitman, Walt, in Camden. Horace Traubel
Forum
Witte. Josef Melnik
Century
Working People, Sociability among.' 'Ida N.
Tarbell
American
Yucatan, Government of.' Carlo de Fornaro
Forum
" Zonetherapy." Edwin F. Bowers
Everybody's
.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
.
( The following list, containing 50 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.)
.
Advertising, Profession of. Harry Tipper .
McBride
Alexander, John W.: An Appreciation
Scribner
American Painting, Evolution of. J. N. Laurvik Century
Ant-hill Fossils. Richard S. Lull
Pop. Sc.
Asia, The Art of. Laurence Binyon
Atlantic
Austria's Mountain Strongholds. C. L. Freeston Scribner
Bar, Education for the. Simeon E. Baldwin Am. Pol. Sc.
Bashfulness. H. Addington Bruce .
Century
Bicameral System in State Legislation. j. D.
Barnett
Am. Pol. Sc.
Brooke, Rupert. Milton Bonner
Bookman
Bush, Irving T. Donald Wilhelm
Century
Business Ethics. Herbert S. Houston
IT'orld's Work
Chautauqua Stars
Everybody's
China, Japan's Hand in. Carl Crow .
World's Work
Chino-Japanese Treaties. T. Iyenega
Rev. of Revs.
City Manager Plan in Ohio. L. D. Upson Am. Pol. Sc.
City Manager Plan of Government. H. G. James . Am. Pol. Sc.
Civic Investment, A. P. R. Kolbe
Pop. Sc.
County Hospitals and Libraries. W. 8. Dyer : World's Work
Court Organization. Herbert Harley
Am. Pol. Sc.
Crisis, Promotion and. Minnie T. England Quar. Jour. Econ.
Crisis of 1914 in the United States. O. M. W.
Sprague
Am. Econ.
Democracy, Duplicity of. Alfred H. Lloyd Am. Jour. Soc.
Diplomatic Point of View. Maurice F. Egan
Century
Disraeli and Conservatism. Paul E. More .
Atlantic
Divorce Laws, Varying. H. G. Chapin
Everybody's
Dixie, Steamboating through. W. J. Aylward. Harper
Dramatic Criticism, Need for. Brander Matthews Bookman
Farming, Youth's Interest in. Stanley Johnson American
Fifty, At the Age of. E. S. Martin
Harper
Fiji, History of. Alfred Goldsborough Mayer
Pop. Sc.
France in Wartime. Herbert A. Gibbons
Century
French Army, With the. E. Alexander Powell Scribner
French Literature and the War. Jules Bois
Bookman
Germany's Financial Mobilization. Ludwig
Bendix
Quar. Jour. Econ.
Germany's Sweep Eastward. Frank H. Simonds Rev.of Revs.
Grazing Lands, Public. Dwight B. Heard Rev. of Revs.
Guianan Forests, Red Men of the. C. W. Furlong Harper
Haiti, Helping. George Marvin
World's Work
Hay's Years with Roosevelt. W. R. Thayer
Harper
Immigrant, The Modest. Agnes Repplier
Atlantic
India, New Heart of Old. Basanta K. Roy
Century
India, Night in Esther Harlan
Forum
Insect Migrations. Howard J. Shannon
Harper
Inventors' Board and the Navy. Waldemar
Kaempffert
Rev. of Revs.
Investments and Trade Balances.' T. H.
Boggs
Quur. Jour. Econ.
Italian Imperialism.' T. Lothrop Stoddard
Forum
Italy's Demands for Territory. E. F. Baldwin . Rev. of Revs.
Judiciary Act of 1801, Repeal of. W. S. Carpenter Am.Pol. Sc.
Lazarovich-Hrebelianovich, Reminiscences of — II . Century
McNamaras, The. Theodore Schroeder
Forum
Magazines in America - VII. Algernon Tassin Bookman
Mexico, Inevitable Trend in. David Lawrence Century
Mississippi, Navigating the. George Marvin World's Work
Monroe Doctrine and Germany. Herbert Kraus Atlantic
Music after the War. Carl Van Vechten .
Forum
Musical Play, The. Harry B. Smith
American
New York of the Novelists — I. A. B. Maurice Bookman
Older Generation, This. Randolph S. Bourne
Atlantic
Pageants, Poetic Theme in. Anne T. Craig
Forum
Panama, First Year at. W. L. Marvin
Rev. of Revs.
Paris in Wartime. Philip Gibbs
McBride
Peace, League to Enforce. A. Lawrence Lowell
Atlantic
Plattsburg Response, The. William Menkel . Rev. of Revs.
Preparedness, America and. E. J. Ridgway Everybody's
Preparedness, America and. William Hard Everybody's
Preparedness, National. Virgil Jordan
Everybody's
Primary, Presidential Preference. F. W.
Dickey
Am. Pol. Sc.
Professionalism. Hubert Langerock
Am. Jour. Soc.
Progress, Human. Victor S. Yarros.
Am. Jour. Soc.
Race Movements. David Starr Jordan
Pop. Sc.
Religion, Evolution of. Edward C. Hayes.
Am. Jour. Soc.
Russia, A Mission to. Richard Whiteing
Bookman
Salesmen, Combination." Walter F. Wyman . World's Work
Science, Natural, in Middle Ages. Lyman Thorndike Pop. Sc.
Science and Democracy. M. E. Haggarty
Pop. Sc.
Scientific Management and Business. M. L. Cooke Am. Pol. Sc.
Seward, William H. Gamaliel Bradford
Atlantic
Smith, Francis Hopkinson. Thomas Nelson Page : Scribner
Smoke Nuisance, The. John O'Connor, Jr.
Pop. Sc.
Social Conscience, Progress of the. W. J. Tucker Atlantic
Stars, Evolution of the. William W. Campbell
Pop. Sc.
Streets, The World's Longest Straight. Simeon
Strunsky
Harper
Tariff and the Ultimate consumer. 'H. c. Emery'. Am. Econ.
Taxes, British Land. R. S. Tucker
Quar. Jour. Econ.
Trouting, Psychology of. John Mätter
Forum
Unions, Related Trades in. T. W. Glocker
Am. Econ.
Unpreparedness, Crime of. E. L. Fox.
McBride
.
.
HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY.
Emma Darwin: A Century of Family Letters
(1792-1896). Edited by her daughter, Henrietta
Litchfield. In 2 volumes, illustrated in photo-
gravure, etc., large 8vo. D. Appleton & Co.
$5. net.
The Founding of a Nation. By Frank M. Gregg.
In 2 volumes, illustrated, large 8vo. Arthur H.
Clark Co. $7.50 net.
The Story of Canada Blackie. By Anne P. L. Field;
with Introduction by Thomas Mott Osborne.
12mo, 157 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1. net.
Richmond College Historical Papers, Volume I. Ed.
ited by D. R. Anderson, Ph.D. 8vo, 163 pages.
Richmond, Va.: Richmond College. Paper,
$1. net.
The Jefferson-Lemen Compact. By Willard C.
MacNaul. 12mo, 58 pages. University of Chi-
cago Press. Paper, 25 cts. net.
Ву
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Incense and Iconoclasm.
Charles Leonard
Moore. 12mo, 351 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.50 net.
Writers of the Day. First volumes: Arnold Ben-
nett, by F. J. Harvey Darton; H. G. Wells, by
J. D. Beresford; Anatole France, by W. L.
George. Each with portrait, 16mo. Henry Holt
& Co. Per volume, 50 cts. net.
Last Pages from a Journal, with Other Papers. By
Mark Rutherford; edited by his wife. With
frontispiece, 12mo, 321 pages. Oxford Univer-
sity Press.
The Compleat Angler. By Izaak Walton and
Charles Cotton; with Introduction and bibliog-
raphy by R. B. Marston. Illustrated, 12mo, 340
pages. Oxford University Press.
FICTION
The Freelands. By John Galsworthy 12mo, 412
pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.35 net.
The Way of These Women. By E. Phillips Oppen-
heim. Illustrated, 12mo, 357 pages. Little,
Brown & Co. $1.35 net.
The Rainbow Trail. By Zane Grey. With frontis-
piece in color, 12mo, 373 pages. Harper & Broth-
ers. $1.35 net.
Me: A Book of Remembrance. 12mo, 356 pages.
Century Co. $1.30 net.
Thirty. By Howard Vincent O'Brien. Illustrated
in color, 12mo, 336 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co.
$1.35 net.
The Young Man Absalom. By E. Charles Vivian.
12mo, 304 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.35 net.
The Crevice. By William J. Burns and Isabel
Ostrander. Illustrated, 12mo, 315 pages. W. J.
Watt & Co. $1.35 net.
The Girl from No. 13. By Reginald Heber Patter-
son. Illustrated, 12mo, 319 pages. The Macaulay
Co. $1.25 net.
A Vision of Empire. By E. Anson More. 12mo,
275 pages.
Richard G. Badger. $1.35 net.
The Third Party. By Frederic Arthur Stanley.
Illustrated, 12mo, 286 pages. Macaulay Co.
$1.25 net.
Myrta. By Walter S. Cramp. Illustrated, 12mo,
303 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1.35 net.
.
.
.


1915)
165
THE DIAL
RARE books and first editions collected
and arranged for people who are too
busy to attend to the forming of libraries.
Address E. V., Boston Transcript
BOSTON, MASS.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
Princess Goldenhair and the Wonderful Flower.
By Flora Spiegelberg; illustrated in color, etc.,
by Milo Winter. 8vo, 176 pages. Rand, McNally
& Co. $1.25 net.
Lantern Making. By H. A. Rankin. Illustrated in
color, etc., 8vo, 173 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$1. net.
Flower Fairies. By Clara Ingram Judson. Illus-
trated in color, etc., 8vo, 93
pages. Rand,
McNally & Co. $1. net.
Mamma's Angel Child in Toyland. By Marie Chris-
tine Sadler; illustrated in color by “ Penny"
Ross. 12mo, 115 pages. Rand, McNally & Co.
$1. net.
Tad and His Father. By F. Lauriston Bullard.
With portrait, 12mo, 102 pages. Little, Brown
& Co. 50 cts. net.
When I Was Little. By Ethel M. Kelley. Illus-
trated in color, etc., 12mo, 96 pages. Rand,
McNally & Co. 75 cts. net.
The Little Child at the Breakfast Table. Arranged
by William and Mary Gannett. no, 81 pages.
The Beacon Press. 50 cts. net.
The Toys of Nuremberg. By Lillian Barker Sturges.
Illustrated in color, etc., 12mo. Rand, McNally
& Co. 50 cts. net.
The War of the Wooden Soldiers. By F. M. H.
Illustrated in color, etc., 18mo. Rand, McNally
& Co. 50 cts. net.
ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON
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Relics, and other STEVENSONIANA.
CATALOGUE in Preparation - Sent on Request.
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.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
announces the publication of a HANDBOOK
OF THE CESNOLA COLLECTION OF AN-
TIQUITIES FROM CYPRUS, by John L.
Myres, Wykeham Professor of Oxford
University. lv +596 pp. ills. pls. map, 8vo.
Price $2, postage 22 cents.
The most important publication on this subject
Catalogue of Greek, Etruscan and Roman
Bronzes, by Gisela M. A. Richter, 41+491
pp. ills. pl. 4to. Price, $5, postage 32 cents.
Studies in Southern
History and Politics
EDUCATION.
Rendingy in Vocational Guidance. Edited by Meyer
Bloomfield. 8vo, 723 pages. Ginn & Co.
$2.25 net.
Writing of To-day: Models of Journalistic Prose.
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and Gerhard R. Lomer, Ph.D. 8vo, 390 pages.
Century Co. $1.50 net.
The Kindergarten and the Montessori Method. By
Martha MacLear; with Introduction by G. Stan-
ley Hall, 12mo, 114 pages. Richard G. Badger.
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The Rhythms of Childhood: Rhythms and Music.
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School Algebra: First Course. By H. L. Rietz,
Ph.D., A. R. Crathorne, Ph.D., and E. H. Taylor,
Ph.D. 12mo, 271 pages. Henry Holt & Co.
Plane Geometry. By John W. Young and Albert J.
Schwartz. 12mo, 223 pages. Henry Holt & Co.
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The Magic of Experience: A Contribution to the
Theory of Knowledge. By H. Stanley Redgrove,
B.Sc.; with Introduction by W. F. Barrett,
F.R.S. 12mo, 111 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$1. net.
Habits that Handicap: The Menace of Opium, Alco-
hol, and Tobacco, and the Remedy. By Charles
B. Towns. 12mo,
289
pages. Century Co.
$1.20 net.
Debating for Boys. By William Horton Foster.
12mo, 175 pages. Sturgis & Walton Co. $1. net.
The City of Domes. By John D. Barry. Illustrated,
12mo, 142 pages. San Francisco: John J. New-
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Mi Viaje a Mexico: A Proposito de la Revolucion.
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Havana: Imp. del “ Avisador Comercial.” Paper,
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The Underlying Principles of Modern Legislation.
By W. Jethro Brown. Third edition, revised and
enlarged. 8vo, 319 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$2.25 net.
How
to Make a Eugenical Family Study. By
Charles B. Davenport and Harry H. Laughlin.
8vo, 35 pages. Long Island: Eugenics Record
Office. Paper.
The Deeper Meaning of the “ Temperance ” Ques-
tion. By Wallace M. Short. 12mo, 175 pages.
Kansas City, Mo.: The Hyde Park Press. 68 cts.
The Provision for Historical Studies at Oxford. . By
John L. Myres, M.A. 12mo, 26 pages. Oxford
University Press. Paper.
Modern Fallacies: An Added Chapter to “Retro-
Edited by JAMES W. GARNER
Professor of Political Science in the University of Illinois.
8vo, cloth, pp. viii + 394. Price $2.50 net.
A collection of fifteen articles on topics relating to the
South by professors in various colleges and universities of
the country.
Constitutional Government
in the United States
By WOODROW WILSON
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COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS
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In addition to information about markets,
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ship, THE EDITOR publishes helpful articles
on writing.
THE EDITOR and “1001 Places to Sell
Manuscripts" are indispensable.
THE EDITOR, Box 509, Ridgewood, N. J.
66
a magazine devoted to literature and life-
with a bookish flavor you'll like to savor.
Illustrated, too? Well-nigh redundantly-
and there are many of those always fascinat-
ing pictures of men and women writers.
Colored frontispiece-picture supplement
of some well-known writer in each issue-
and a strikingly attractive new cover-design
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168
[ Sept. 2, 1915
THE DIAL
SCANDINAVIAN CLASSICS

ANOS
ERICAN
Two New Volumes: Publication Day, September 15
III. Poems and Songs by Björn- IV. Master Olof by August
stjerne Björnson
Strindberg
Translated from the Norwegian in the Original Translated from the Swedish with an Introduction
Meters, with an Introduction and Notes, by Arthur by Edwin Björkman. 1915. xxiii +125 pages.
Hubbell Palmer, 1915. xxii +264 pages. Price $1.50.
Price $1.50.
Björnson the man is better known to the American MASTER Olof acquaints English readers with Strind.
public than Björnson the writer. His rugged personality berg from an aspect hitherto unfamiliar to them. Written
has impressed itself upon the imagination as "Norway's when he was but twenty-two years old, this drama became
uncrowned King." Here he is presented through the the cornerstone of a remarkable cycle of historical plays,
medium of the lyrics that won him the title of "Norway's the product of his mature genius. Out of materials of
beating heart." This volume contains the first transla- historic fact, his imagination has creat a profoundly
tion of Björnson's Digte og Sange following his final edition stirring drama showing the various forces that were strug-
of 1903
gling for mastery.
Earlier Volumes:
I. Comedies by Holberg
II. Poems by Tegnér
JEPPE OF THE HILL, THE POLITICAL
The CHILDREN OF THE LORD's
TINKER, ERASMUS MONTANUS
SUPPER, FRITHIOF's SAGA
Translated from the Danish by Oscar James Camp- Translated from the Swedish by Henry Wadsworth
bell, Jr., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of English in Longfellow and the Rev. W. Lewery Blackley, with
the University of Wisconsin, and Frederic Schenck, an Introduction by Paul Robert Lieder, A.M., of
B.Litt., Instructor in English at Harvard Univer- Harvard University. 1914. xxvii + 207 pages.
sity; with an Introduction by Oscar James Campbell, Price $1.50.
Jr. 1914. xv +178 pages. Price $1.50.
"Apart from the fact that Tegnér was the head of the
“Holberg's comedies are excellent dramatic material Gothic school in Sweden-those who looked to the annals
Not the academic and the erudite, but the crowd of their own land rather than to France for inspiration-
of theatre-goers who love to laugh would flock to Holberg the most notable characteristic of his verse is its lyric quality."
today."-New York Times.
- Boston Herald.
SCANDINAVIAN MONOGRAPHS
New Volumes Ready About November 1
II. Ballad Criticism in Scandinavia and Great Britain during the
Eighteenth Century.
By Sigurd Bernhard Hustvedt, Instructor in English in the University of Illinois, 1915. Price $3.00.
The work aims to give a survey of the development of interest in popular ballads, as reflected in Scandinavian and
British criticism, particularly during the eighteenth century, special attention being paid to the mutual influence of Scandi.
navian, English, and Scottish critics.
Earlier Volume:
1. The Voyages of the Norsemen to America
By William Hovgaard, Professor of Naval Construction in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Late
Commander in the Royal Danish Navy. 1914. xxi + 304 pages. 83 Illustrations and 7 Maps. Price $4.00.
"There has always been a peculiar fascination for the student of American history in that chapter of it which deals with
the pre-Columbian discovery of this continent.
To sweep away the cobwebs of error is no small task, but Professor
Hovgaard's book, with its painstaking following of the scientific method, should go a long way towards its completion.
Professor Hovgaard has made the best complete exposition up to date of the voyages of the Norsemen to America."— Boston
Transcript.
now.
THE AMERICAN-SCANDINAVIAN FOUNDATION
25 WEST 45TH STREET, NEW YORK
PRESS OF THE HENRY O. SHEPARD COMPANY


FALL ANNOUNCEMENT, NUMBER
CCTV9
) 1
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A FORTNIGHTLY JOURNAL OF
Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information
FOUNDED BY
FRANCIS F. BROWNE
Volume LIX.
Vo. 701.
CHICAGO, SEPTEMBER 16, 1915
10 ets a copy. }
EDITED BY
WALDO R. BROWNE
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170
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
SOME SCRIBNER BOOKS
SOCIALIZED GERMANY
By FREDERIC C. HOWE
AUTHOR OF "THE MODERN CITY”
“The German Peril,” says Dr. Howe in his preface, “is only in part a military peril.
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lies in the fact that Germany is more intelligently organized than is the rest of the
world." The book shows how this organization has come about. $1.50 net; postage extra.
The Fighting Cheyennes
By George BIRD GRINNELL
Author of "Beyond the Old Frontier," etc.
The result of almost a life work on the part
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of a great Indian tribe whose relations have
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The Road to Glory
By E. ALEXANDER POWELL
Some of the most romantic and heroic of the
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unknown to the general reader-are vividly
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to the reader in the intense, swift, and spirited
narrative. Illustrated. $1.50 net; postage extra.
What I Believe and Why
BY WILLIAM HAYES WARD, DD., LL.D.
Editor of The Independent
This book is a candid attempt to analyze
the beliefs of a sincerely religious man whose
faith has persisted in the midst of the last half
century's tremendous increase in scientific
knowledge. In these days of materialistic
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theology the timeliness of this book is indis-
putable. It has a thoroughly scientific basis.
$1.50 net; postage extra.
Ivory, Apes, and Peacocks
BY JAMES HUNEKER
Author of "Egoists," "Promenades of an Impressionist," etc.
In this new book Mr. Huneker, after his
excursion to the New Cosmopolis and various
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characterizing the poet as well as describing
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and many others. $1.50 net; postage extra.
Oriental Rugs
BY JOHN KIMBERLY MUMFORD
This book, the purpose of which when it first
appeared was to describe, identify, and ex-
pound the old, native rugs of the Orient, has
met the test of time by a sustained popularity
which has induced the publishers to offer a new
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and half-tone. New and completely revised
edition.
$5.00 net; postage extra.
Practical Drawing
A Book for the Student and the General Reader.
By E. G. LUTZ
A direct treatment of drawing, with and
without models, from life, from casts; perspec-
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color work, pictorial composition, costume
designing, lettering, materials, instruments, and
many other useful hints on drawing, with
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CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS


1915)
171
THE DIAL
SOME SCRIBNER BOOKS
CONSTANTINOPLE
OLD AND NEW
By H. G. DWIGHT
Mr. Dwight's book on the various phases of life in Constantinople, its unique and most picturesque
characteristics, is such as even with Mr. Dwight's charming style very few men could have written.
He has lived in Constantinople in boyhood and manhood in real intimacy with the people, and the
vividness of his early impressions has been supplemented by a deep study of Turkish character and of
the significance of the city's associations. His book is in these respects the most informing yet written
about the Turkish capital.
Profusely illustrated. In box, $5.00 net; postage extra.
The Reconciliation of
Government with Liberty
BY PROFESSOR JOHN W. BURGESS, LL.D.
The purpose of Professor Burgess is to
show within the compass of a single volume
what all the states of the world have done
for the solution of the great problem defined
in his title and to present concisely the stage
in that solution at which each has arrived.
At this moment the book is a document of
special interest.
$2.50 net; postage extra.
French Memories of Eighteenth-
Century America
BY CHARLES H. SHERRILL
This volume, based upon the memoirs, and
other forms of recorded observation and com-
mentary, of those French men and women who
visited this country between 1775 and 1880–
many of them to assist in our war for liberty-
forms an extremely vivid, lively, and instructive
presentation of this most interesting period of our
history. With illustrations from paintings and
engravings. Crown 8vo. $2.00 net; postage extra.
The Holy Earth
By L. H. BAILEY
Editor of the "Cyclopedia of American Horticulture."
In this little volume the country's foremost
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and spiritual life. $1.00 net; postage extra.
The Life of Stevenson
BY GRAHAM BALFOUR
This shorter Life of Robert Louis Stevenson
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and lover of Stevenson. Illustrated from draw-
ings by KERR Eby and from portraits. $2.00 net;
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Beautiful Gardens in America
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By LOUISE SHELTON
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The Fountains of Papal Rome
By Mrs. CHARLES MACVEAGH
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tionally abundant water-supply. Of papal
Rome particularly these monuments may
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well as describing them with artistic sympathy.
Illustrated by RUDOLPH RUZICKA. $2.50 net;
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CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS


172
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL

NEW BOOKS FOR CHILDREN
THE
WIEN I WAS LITTLE
RE
HALLA
STORIES BY SARAH CORY RIZ PEY
CTURES Y
QUOD MAP
TOYLAND
Story by
Marie C Smaker
Pictures by
Penny
Sort
ZABETHLOSSOS
When I Was Little
By ETHEL M. KELLEY.
Illustrations by Maud
ETHEL M KELLEY Hunt Squire. Cloth, 8vo.
A collection of poems no
less charming than those in
the “Child's Garden of
Verses." Along with Ste-
venson and Eugene Field,
Miss Kelley has the gift,
rare indeed, of permeating
her work with the spirit of
youth. The illustrations not
Pietung & MAUD HUNT SQUIRE only express the meaning of
the text, but also suggest
that subtler spirit behind the words themselves.
Net 750
Mamma's Angel Child in Toyland
By MARIE CHRISTINE SADLER.
Illustrations by “Penny” MAMMAS
Ross. 8vo.
Esther's marvelous adven- ANGEL CHULD
tures in Toyland, Storybook
Town, and Doll Town, her
punishment by her own
broken toys when she endeav-
ors to become their Queen,and
her rescue by the Rain Witch
and the Flowers, of whom
Esther was always consider-
ate, will appeal strongly to the
child's imagination. Net $1.00
Doings of Little Bear
By FRANCES MARGARET
DOING SO
Fox.
LITTLE BEAR
Illustrated by Warner
Carr. Cloth, 8vo.
There is not the least
particle of doubt that little
children will love to follow
the footsteps of Little Bear,
get all his surprises — good
and bad — and learn by
his experiences what to do
and what to leave undone.
BY FRUCES MARGARET HOX PRORA
He was a wee, wee baby
bear, his father was a big,
big bear, and his mother a middle-sized bear. And
they knew Goldilock's family well.
Princess Goldenhair and the Wonderful Flower
By FLORA SPIEGELBERG. PRINCESS
Illustrations by Milo Winter. GOLDENHAJR
175 pages. Cloth, 8vo. đño ffi WONDERFUL FLOWER
by FLORA SPIEGELBERG
A fanciful tale of the days of
Otto the Good, King of Saxony.
Rupert, his youngest son, mar-
ries Elizabeth, a beautiful
peasant girl, and their daughter
is the Princess Goldenhair. The
marriage of Elizabeth excites
the envy of her stepmother,
I'clures by MILO WINTER
who, with the aid of a dwarf,
succeeds in stealing Goldenhair from the palace.
Net $1.25
Sunny-Sulky Book
By SARAH CORY RIPPEY.
Illustrations by Blanche.
Fisher Wright. 12mo. SUNNY-SULKY BOOK
Reading this impressive,
little book, no boy or girl
can fail to see the advan-
tages of being sunny, kind,
brave, patient, and true, or
the disadvantages of being
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book presents an air of
mystery and originality peculiarly attractive to
children.
Net 500
Loraine and the Little People
By ELIZABETH GORDON.
LORAINE Illustrations by "Penny"
Ross. Cloth. Square, 12mo.
In these eight tales, a little
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the waves, rain drops, sleep,
dreams, frost, and others of the
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she learns the beautiful lesson
that everyone has his own
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that no one can do it for him.
Net 500
Toys of Nuremberg
By LILLIAN BAKER STUR-
GES.
Illustrations by the author.
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Told in smoothly-flowing
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ticularly attractive and
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-deciding to run away from
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little ones hear them in their sleep and follow. Net 500
Flower Fairies
By CLARA INGRAM JUDSON.
FLOWER FAIRIES
Illustrations by Maginel
y CLARI DNGRAM JUDSON Wright Enright. Cloth, 8vo.
Of absorbing interest to
children will be this collec-
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days of long ago. The naming
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fire, and how Jack Frost runs
MAGINEL WRIGHT ERRIGUT away when the crocuses come
up through the snow—to a
child's satisfaction these things are delightfully
explained.
Net $1.00
The Toys
Bas
Busco
Net 500
Per
New York RAND MCNALLY AND COMPANY Chicago


1915]
173
THE DIAL
New Books of Pleasing Variety
NEW DRAMA AND
VERSE
-
READY OCTOBER FIRST
THEODORE DREISER'S BIG AMERICAN ROMANCE
THE “GENIUS”
THE
WAGNERIAN DRAMA
By HOUSTON STEWART
CHAMBERLAIN, author of
“The Foundations of the 19th
Century." Cloth. $1.35 nel.
An attempt to inspire a better
appreciation of Wagner as a
dramatic poet.
.
By the Author of "Sister Carrie," "Jennie Gerhardt,"
“The Financier,” “The Titan," etc.
Large 12mo. Cloth. $1.50 net.
A story of genius. Restless power and creative energy searching
for life's solution. Seeking the solution in love and finding defeat.
Falling to physical exhaustion, threatened with madness, rising into
strength again through Christian Science and throwing his energies
into mysticism as a last resort. The story of the soul's struggle seen
through the eyes of genius.
ARMAGEDDON
A Modern Epic Drama
By STEPHEN PHILLIPS.
Cloth. $1.00 net.
Mr. Phillips here deals with
one of the biggest issues of the
War-have we the right to take
revenge for admitted atrocities?
WHAT PICTURES TO
SEE IN AMERICA
By MRS. L. BRYANT, author of
"What Pictures to See in Europe,"
elc. Over 200 illustrations. 8vo.
Cloth. $2.00 nel.
In order to
art
rightly in the short time at the
disposal of the general tourist a
careful guide must be had to save
time and strength. Mrs. Bryant in
the present book visits the various
galleries of America from Boston to
San Francisco and points out the
masterpieces of famous artists.
see
museums
GOOD TASTE IN
HOME FURNISHING
By HENRY B. and MAUD ANN
SELL. With a colored frontispiece
and numerous line drawings. Cloth.
I 2mo. $1.25 net. (Oct. Ist.)
A book on interior decoration
written for the lay reader. Every
phase of the subject is carefully con-
sidered. In an intimate, easy style,
free from technical terms, the
author brings out clearly the simple
decorative principles that make the
home comfortable, cheerful and
beautiful. The publishers feel, there-
fore, that this book will fill a real need.
BELGIAN
POEMS
By EMILE CAMMAERTS.
Portrait frontispiece. Cloth.
$1.50 net.
‘A poet of love who is simple,
sensuous and passionate; the
limpid singer of Belgium vic-
torious in defeat.'-London
Times.
WILLIAM J. LOCKE'S FINEST NOVEL
Jaffery
WAR
POEMS
And Other Translations
By LORD CURZON OF KED.
LESTON. Cloth. $1.50 net.
This volume includes trans-
lations from the French, Italian,
Latin and Greek into English,
and into Latin and Greek from
the English.
By the Author of "The Fortunate Youth,”
“The Beloved Vagabond,” etc.
Eight illustrations by F. Matania. Large 12mo. Cloth. Net $1.35
“It is a real novel, by far the most enjoyable of years and the
finest that Mr. Locke has ever written. All the qualities that have
won for Mr. Locke the affection of the reading world are in ‘Jaffery';
not one page is dull or anything that approximates dullness; each
character is distinct, a personality, and sustained admirably; and
the novel is the most enjoyable we have read since 'The Beloved
Vagabond.' "-Los Angeles Times.
TRAVEL
THE PEARL FISHERS
By H. DE VERE STACPOOLE,
author of "The Blue Lagoon," "The
Preseniation," etc. Large 12mo.
Cloth. $1.30 net.
Mr. Stacpoole has returned to the
scene of his former successful
stories-the South Seas. The dis-
covery of a lagoon abounding in
pearl shells opens up the prospect
of a vast fortune to two shipwrecked
men, stranded on a coral island.
It is a story of strategy, conspiracy
and romance.
THE DEATH OF
IVAN ILYITCH
And Other Stories
By COUNT LEO TOLSTOY, author
of “War and Peace," "Anna Kar-
enin," etc. 12mo. Cloth. $1.35 net.
Intense realism is the dominant
note of these stories.
Each story
reflects accurately the intensity in
the lives of the Russian people, and
reveals more than anything the
latent dynamic force of a powerful
race that is hardly awakened.
AN ENGLISHMAN'S
RECOLLECTIONS
OF EGYPT
By BARON DE KUSEL (Bey).
32 illustrations and Map.
Octavo. Cloth. $3.00 net.
The author, sometime English
Controller-General of Egyptian
Customs, has been closely con-
nected with Egypt for nearly
twenty-five years. His book
is a valuable contribution to
the literature of Modern Egypt,
and the Epilogue dealing with
the present difficult situation
there makes the work of partic-
ular interest at the moment.
JOHN LANE COMPANY NEW YORK


174
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
EARLY FALL PUBLICATIONS
For Younger
Readers
Mark Tidd in
Business
By CLARENCE B.
KELLAND
A new book about
how the resourceful
fat boy "makes
good" in business.
Illustrated, $1.00 net.
Important Books
The Story of a Pioneer
By ANNA HOWARD SHAW
Dr. Shaw tells the story of her astonishingly interesting life, from her
childhood on the frontier, as school teacher, preacher, lecturer, ordained
minister, physician, and president of the National American Woman's Suffrage
Association.
Illustrated, $2.00 net.
The Man Jesus
By MARY AUSTIN
A wonderful interpretation of the towering figure of all history and a new
valuation of the Prophet of Nazareth's humanity. Crown 8vo., $1.20 net.
In Vacation America
By HARRISON RHODES
Leisurely wanderings among the holiday resorts, both winter and summer,
of the United States.
Illustrated, $1.50 net.
Australian Byways
By NORMAN DUNCAN
In this book of travel the author gives a chatty, leisurely account of
his trip along the outskirts of Australian civilization. Illustrated, $1.75 net.
College Sons and College Fathers By HENRY S. CANBY
An impartial examination from the three angles of American university
education the student, the professor, and the results achieved.
Post 8vo, $1.20 net.
Poems
By DANA BURNETT
Poems on war and peace, of exquisite sensibility and singing quality.
Post Svo, $1.20 net.
The Laughing Muse
By ARTHUR GUITERMAN
Humorous verses on various subjects.
Post Svo, $1.00 net.
A, B, C of Architecture
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Here are embodied in a simplified form the rules and laws of architecture.
Illustrated, $0.50 net.
Fiction
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By SIR GILBERT PARKER
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the author.
Illustrated, Cloth, $1.35 net; Leather, $1.50 net.
Heart of the Sunset
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A colorful, modern story of the Mexican border, full of the Rex Beach
humor.
Frontispiece, $1.35 net.
Around Old Chester
By MARGARET DELAND
A new collection of stories about Dr. Lavendar's people.
Illustrated, $1.35 net.
The Rainbow Trail
By ZANE GREY
A story of adventurous romance in the cañons of Arizona and Colorado.
Frontispiece, $1.35 net.
The Landloper
By HOLMAN DAY
A romance of a modern knight errant in Maine, filled with the humorous
types Mr. Day is so successful in creating.
Frontispiece, $1.35 net.
The Inner Law
By WILL N. HARBEN
The story of a man's spiritual regeneration. Frontispiece, $1.35 net.
The Trail of the Hawk
By SINCLAIR LEWIS
The spirit of youth, its adventuring, its loyalty, and its love.
Frontispiece, $1.35 net.
Robin the Bobbin
By VALE DOWNIE
A charming story of masculine tenderness and of a little boy.
Frontispiece, $0.50 net.
Trench-Mates
in France
By J. S. ZERBE
Filled with the
exciting incidents
that befell two
French boys in the
war.
Illustrated, $1.00 net.
The Red Arrow
By ELMER RUSSELL
GREGOR
The stirring ex-
ploits of two Indian
boys in the West
before white men
came.
Illustrated, $1.00 net.
Clearing the
Seas
By DONAL H.
HAINES
The story of a
supposed naval war
between the United
States and a foreign
power.
Illustrated, $1.25 net.
HARPER & BROTHERS, New York B
ESTABLISHED
1817


1915]
175
THE DIAL
The University of Chicago Press
New and Forthcoming Publications
A Short History of Japan. By ERNEST WILSON CLEMENT
x + 190 pages, 12mo, cloth; $1.00, postage extra (weight 15 oz.)
Senescence and Rejuvenescence. By Charles MANNING CHILD
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Current Economic Problems.
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830 pages, 8vo, cloth; $2.75, postage extra.
Lives Worth Living.
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University of Chicago Sermons. By Members of the University Faculties
xii + 348 pages, 12mo, cloth; $1.50, postage extra (weight 1 lb. 4 oz.)
Religious Education in the Family.
By HENRY FREDERICK COPE
xii + 296 pages, 12mo, cloth; $1.25, postage extra (weight 1 lb. 5 oz.)
First-Year Mathematics for Secondary Schools.
Third revised edition. By ERNST R. BRESLICH
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176
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
ES
ADRES
AC MCCLURG
AC MCCLURG
MCCLURG’S
ta
AUTUMN BOOKS
1)
SUZANNA STIRS THE FIRE
By Emily Calvin Blake
Suzanna is one of the most delightful and lovable children that have ever appeared in fiction, and
her friends will be legion. The author tells us she “danced through life and sang her way to the
hearts of others." Into the simplest happenings she read thrilling interpretations, and the little
things of life were colored and vivified as she viewed them through the rose glass of imagination.
“Suzanna Stirs the Fire" will be widely read and the reading of it will contribute to the world's
happiness. We predict a large sale for it. Illustrated by F. V. Poole. 12mo.
Net $1.25
THE ISLAND OF SURPRISE
By Cyrus Townsend Brady
Two lovely women each claiming to be the wife of a man whose memory of past events extended only
to the time when he awakened from a swoon caused by the stunning fall from a cliff. The scene —
a lonely tropical island in the South Seas, where the three were cast away with but little hope of
rescue.
Only a master story-teller can deal successfully with such a situation, and bring it to a logical and
satisfactory conclusion. Brady is such a story-teller, and here he makes good in a way that stamps
the yarn as one of his very best. Illustrated by Walter Tittle. Crown 8vo.
Net $1.35
THE CORNER STONE
By Margaret Hill McCarter
This is a little book, similar in many respects to that classic of the West, “The Peace of the Solomon
Valley." It is a story of Kansas, a plain tale of the soil, of love and honor, of simple faith and high
ideals, of the triumph of the good; just one of the world's simple stories that stir the emotions like a
grand old song and make the heart glad. Decorations by J. Allen St. John.
Oblong flexible binding. Boxed.
Net, 50 cents
Ooze leather. Boxed.
Net, $1.25
BEYOND THE FRONTIER
A Romance of Early Days in the Middle West
By Randall Parrish
A tale of early days in the great Middle West when that intrepid explorer LaSalle, and his faithful
friend Tonty, were blazing the way for civilization, and the golden lilies of France flew from the few
lone blockhouses in the Indian country.
Most of the action of the story takes place on the long trail from old Quebec to Fort St. Louis (Starved
Rock), on the Illinois River. Adele La Chesnayne, a maid of France, is a wonderful heroine. Bravely
she bears the hardships of the wilderness journey, and when the end is reached and the life of her
lover is in danger it is her wit and devotion that defeats his enemies and her own. Illustrated by
The Kinneys. Crown 8vo.
Net $1.35
THE GREEN HALF-MOON
By James Francis Dwyer
It was a strangely shaped jewel, this mysterious green half-moon, and while oddly attractive, its
intrinsic value was apparently not great. A big European power, however, was prepared to go to
any length to obtain it, and if money could have bought it a billion dollars would have been readily
forthcoming. Illustrated by Wm. Oberhardt.
Net $1.25
CLEMENCIA'S CRISIS
A Story of California
By Edith Ogden Harrison
A sweet love story of a charming Californian and one of Dewey's heroes. Clemencia's crisis came
when she had to choose between her love for the man who had won her heart, and a vow which,
though made in childhood, was as she saw it irrevocable.
The background of the story is California the beautiful, with its wonderful flora, azure skies, and
matchless scenery, and the spell of it all spreads like a perfume over the work. Illustrated. izmo.
Net $1.25
THE GERMAN LIEUTENANT and Other Stories
By August Strindberg
Strindberg has been called “the Shakespeare of Sweden," and the title is not ill merited. As novelist
and dramatist he stands preeminently at the head of modern Swedish literature, and his fame is
world wide. This collection of some of his shorter prose tales contains seven of his best stories, of
which “The German Lieutenant" is of unusual interest at the present time, bearing as it does upon
the present European conflict.
Net $1.25
a
12mo.
a
I2mo.
A. C. McCLURG & CO., Publishers, CHICAGO


1915)
177
THE DIAL
AC MCCLURG
McCLURG'S
AC MCCLURG
AUTUMN BOOKS
12mo.
THE FUR TRAIL ADVENTURERS
A Tale of Northern Canada
By Dillon Wallace
Fur trading in the Thunder Bay District, which lies in the frozen north, supplies the action and the
background for Dillon Wallace's new story for boys. Into this work Mr. Wallace has put much
of his wide knowledge of woodcraft and outdoor life, and the result is a book with an appeal to all
(young and old alike) who have ever smelt the smoke of the campfire. Illustrated by E. W. Deming.
12mo.
Net $1.25
THE PIXIE IN THE HOUSE
By Laura Rountree Smith
(Author of the Bunny Cottontail Books)
Children of all ages will be much interested in the queer things that happen when a Pixie took it
into his old little head to live in a house where dwell Mary, Fred, and the twins, Jack and Jill. Illus-
trated by Clara Powers Wilson. Square 12mo.
Net $1.00
IN MUSIC LAND (New Edition)
A Handbook for Little People
By George P. Upton
In the form of fifteen "fireside" stories this veteran writer on musical subjects tells what children
should know about music. The book is one to delight boys and girls. Frontispiece in color, and
nearly fifty other drawings, by James Blomfield. Small quarto.
Net $1.25
THE APPLE TREE SPRITE
By Margaret W. Morley
In the simple and charming style, peculiarly her own, which has made Miss Morley's books for
young people famous, this favorite writer tells the story of the Apple Tree. How the tree grows,
lives, and breathes, how the apples are formed, and many other of Dame Nature's secrets are re-
vealed. Illustrated.
Net $1.10
“HORSE SENSE”
By Walt Mason
"The high priest of horse sense” is George Ade's apt characterization of Walt Mason, whose delight-
ful prose poems are world famous for their wit and cheery philosophy. “Horse Sense" comprises
the poems that have appeared during recent years from the poet's pen that best embody the idea
conveyed by the title. Decorated. Net $1.25.
Ooze leather Boxed.
Net $1.50
THE GLAD HAND and Other Grips of Life
By Humphrey J. Desmond
The conventional preachment which typifies so many of our recent volumes of essays is entirely
lacking in Mr. Desmond's plain, practical discussion of the things of life worth while.
Novelty style. Net 50 cents.
Limp natural calf. Net $1.00
OUR AMERICAN WONDERLANDS
A Seeing-America-First Book
By George Wharton James
A series of little journeys to the famous wonder places of the United States. The Yellowstone,
the Grand Canyon, Niagara, Lake Tahoe, and many other lesser known places are described with all
that enthusiasm for nature's mighty works for which Mr. James is famous. Crown 8vo. Net $2.00
HOW TO WRITE FOR THE MOVIES
By Louella O. Parsons
Several years' experience as scenario editor for one of the great producing companies has shown
the author the need of just such a helpful book for amateur writers as this. It is in the form of a
series of lessons on the writing of a picture play, covering the field completely from the inception of
the idea to the technical requirements of the play itself. It tells also just what is needed for the
market, how the MSS. should be submitted, and gives much other information invaluable to the
amateur playwright. 12mo.
Net $1.00
“DAME CURTSEY'S" BOOK OF SALADS, SANDWICHES AND BEVERAGES
Attractive in appearance, and fresh of recipe, it appeals to every hostess, and the vexing problem
of what to serve for an informal luncheon or a bridge party is easily solved by “Dame Curtsey."
Here are dozens of recipes, all good, all practical, and all dainty and delicious. Sq. 12mo. Net 50 cts.
A. C. McCLURG & CO., Publishers, CHICAGO


178
[ Sept. 16
THE DIAL
Appleton's Newest General Books
By Felix Adler
President of the Ethical Culture Society
Marriage and Divorce
The People's Government
By David Jayne Hill
Former American Ambassador to Germany.
This volume is a handbook on the relation
of the citizen to the State, by a distinguished
authority on international law. It is based on
wide historical knowledge, is devoid of sensa-
tionalism, and is presented with skill, force and
terseness.
$1.25 net.
Professor Adler, well known as a lecturer,
scholar and profound thinker, has embodied his
lectures on marriage and divorce in this volume,
which will be sure to find a ready welcome among
the ministers, students and ethical culturists every-
where.
$0.75 net.
The World Crisis and
Its Meaning
This volume is not a war book, but primarily a
work on social ethics, giving the views of one of the
best known thinkers and moral leaders of -day.
Dr. Adler analyzes the causes of the war and its
effects, both present and future, upon civilization
and considers the possibilities of future interna-
tional peace.
$1.50 net.
A History of Latin
Literature
By Marcus Dimsdale
Professor at the University of Cambridge, England.
An illuminating history of Latin Litera-
ture written to be of interest to the general
reader and at the same time of studied accuracy
for the classroom use. Dr. Dimsdale has been
for twenty-five years Classical Lecturer at
Kings College, Cambridge, and his work bears
the stamp of authority.
$1.50 net.
The Trade Union Woman
By Alice Henry
Formerly Editor of “Life and Labor.”
In this volume Miss Henry, who has lectured before all the leading women's clubs in the country and is Secretary
of the National Women's Trade Union League, offers a popular handbook on a very timely subiect, not only of great
interest to all working women, but of value to every one concerned in the new spirit of self-expression for women, both
individual and collective.
Ready in October
With numerous illustrations. $1.50 net.
Introduction to the Study of Sociology
By Edward C. Hayes
Professor of Sociology in the University of Illinois.
This work discusses in detail the practical social problems of to-day and shows clearly how the individual personality
is shaped by the society of the school, the playground and the home, and how society is shaped by the co-operative en-
deavor of individuals. It is the only comprehensive work on sociology that leads up to and culminates in a treatment of
the problems of education from the sociological viewpoint.
Ready in October
$2.50 net.
Places Young Americans Want to know
By Everett T. Tomlinson
Author of “The Colonial Boys,” “The Boys of Old Monmouth," etc.
In this interesting volume Dr. Tomlinson, with his characteristic enthusiasm, has presented in a very readable form
descriptions of the most notable places in the history, geography and scenic beauty of our country. The book is sure to
arouse a desire in the boys and girls of America to see and know more of their own land and to increase their pride and
patriotism for their country. Because of its special timeliness and splendid illustrations the book will make an excep-
tionally fine gift book.
Profusely illustrated in line and half-tone. $1.50 net.
Problems of Readjustment after the War
By Seven Eminent American Specialist Authors
After the War -- what? In this book one of the greatest groups of American authorities which could be gathered
together discuss the probable effects of the European War upon the United States and the questions which we shall have to
settle because of it.
$1.50 net.
Men, Women and War
By Will Irwin
With a power of vivid description which never fails him, with the little personal touches delightful to the reader,
Mr. Irwin pictures the wreckage of war, English patriotism and imperturbability, the smiling fortitude of loyal practical
France, and closes with a masterly story of Ypres, which ranks with Blenheim and Waterloo as one of the greatest battles
of history.
$1.00 net.
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY – PUBLISHERS — NEW YORK


1915)
179
THE DIAL
Appleton's Newest General Books
The Construction of the Panama Canal
By William L. Siebert
Brig.-General, V. S. A., Division Engineer, Panama Canal, 1907 - 1914, and
John F. Stevens, Chief Engineer, 1905-1907.
A decidedly readable account of the construction of the Panama Canal, the greatest engineering feat in history.
It is written in a style that will interest the general reader, for it tells the wonderful story of the construction of the Canal
from the human side of it, a side that has never before been told.
Ready in October Illustrated. $2.00 net.
Regulation of Railroads and Utilities in Wisconsin
By Fred L. Holmes
Appleton's Railway Series. Edited by Emory R. Johnson, Ph. D.
Wisconsin has been one of the pioneers in the field of railroad and public utility regulation by a State Commission.
This is the history of the progress made within the State and its effects as a determining factor in the economic situation
in Wisconsin and elsewhere.
Ready in October $2.00 net.
Life Insurance
By Solomon S. Huebner
Professor of Insurance and Commerce, University of Pennsylvania.
A complete exposition of the principles of life insurance representing years of work by the author under the super-
vision of the National Association of Life Underwriters. Every phase of the subject is covered and much new material
not usually found to be available to the general reader is included in the book.
$2.00 net.
New York's Part in History
By Sherman Williams
Chief of School Libraries Division, the University of the State of New York.
This is a genuinely interesting account of the distinguished work which has been done within the State by some
of New York's greatest citizens and shows the very important part in history which has been accomplished by the State
of New York.
With eight half-lone illustrations and many maps. $2.50 net.
Newspaper Editing
By Grant Milnor Hyde
Author of “ Newspaper Reporting and Correspondence."
A text-book on journalism for the assistance of young newspaper workers who are learning the technique of their
craft and for the use of classes in editing and headline-writing in schools of journalism. Every phase of the subject is dis-
cussed in detail with a view to its helpfulness and practical bearing upon the work of the novice in journalism. $1.50 net.
Ready in October
Agricultural Commerce
By Grover G. Huebner, Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor of Transportation and Commerce,
Wharton School of Finance and Commerce,
University of Pennsylvania.
This book is intended for use as a text-book in
schools of commerce, and agricultural colleges, and will
be of great service to all merchants connected with the
various exchanges, as well as to members of agricultural
associations, and all farmers who wish to make a study
of the best methods of sale for their products, and the
best way of obtaining full market prices. $2.00 nel.
Ready in October
Baedeker
of the Argentine Republic
By Senor Albert Martinez
This is the only authoritative and comprehensive
guide book of the Argentine Republic in existence. It
takes up in detail the principal cities of the country, the
objects of interest in each from historical, descriptive and
general travelers' points of view, and contains an extraor-
dinary amount of material in a comparatively small
and compact space.
The author is a noted Argentine
statesman and historian. 10 mo, flexible cloth, $3.00.
New Volumes in the
National Municipal League Series
Edited by Clinton Rogers Woodruff
Satellite Cities
By Graham R. Taylor
This is the history and discussion of various
towns started by industrial establishments in the
vicinity of large cities in England and America.
Pullman, Granite City, Gary and Fairfield are
discussed in detail -- the history of their founda-
tion, their management, and the reasons for their
success or failure.
Ready about October 1
City Planning
By John Nolen
A volume discussing the planning and rebuild-
ing of cities in an efficient and co-operative manner
for the benefit of all the citizens. The author is a
recognized authority in the United States in this
particular field of city building and this volume
will be sure to prove a valuable addition to the
libraries of all those who are interested in public
service, general municipal work and city improve-
ment.
Ready in October
Each volume $1.50 net. Postage extra.
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY - PUBLISHERS
NEW YORK


180
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
1
Attila and His Huns
By EDWARD HUTTON.
The extraordinary career of the man known to history as the most ruthless employer of the policy of
"frightfulness" in War.
Attila, in the fifth century A. D. destroyed more of the works of civilization than any other human
being has ever done. He created a huge Empire of savage tribes by means of which he ruined the
Eastern Roman Empire, devastated Gaul, bathed Northern Italy in blood, and yet he failed in each
one of his great undertakings.
A terrible and yet splendid story of savage devastation finally stemmed and conquered by the courage
and patience of civilization.
Net $2.00
The Log of the Ark By NOAH, illustrated by Ham, excavated by I. L. Gordon and A. J. Frueh.
A clever and comical diary of Noah while in the Ark. It illustrated very fully by an artist who has
just caught the spirit of the author.
Net $1.00
By ANNE P. FIELD.
The Story of Canada Blackie
Introduction by Thomas Mott Osborne.
"Canada Blackie,” the Uncle Tom of a prison servitude. A straightforward narrative of a convict's
life, told for the most part in the prisoner 's letters to his friends, giving expression both to the horror
of the present régime and the spirit of the great movement so recently launched in New York and
elsewhere for its reform.
Cloth. Net $1.00
From the Shelf
By PAXTON HOLGAR.
By a deserted monastery in a Spanish Mediterranean isle, amid blowing orchards of lemon trees and
orange blossoms, the author settled himself “on the shelf,” to rest after a season of worry and stress.
Happy in his choice, happy in his contentment, and, above all, happy in the exquisite simplicity with
which he has written down-half humorist, half artist-the incidents which made up the quiet life
of his dream village, the author has given us here an atmosphere of security, peace, and refreshment,
very welcome indeed in these troublous days.
12mo. Net $1.50
By ERNEST HAROLD BAYNES.
Wild Bird Guests
(The father of the bird club movement).
New edition with Preface by THEODORE ROOSEVELT. Thoroughly illustrated
with Photogravures and Drawings.
This is the most comprehensive book yet written concerning the fascinating art of attracting wild
birds. The illustrations, chiefly from photographs taken by the author, form an array of interesting
and convincing proof that by using Mr. Baynes' methods we can make our feathered guests feel thor-
oughly at home.
8vo. Net $2.00
Schools of To-Morrow
By JOHN DEWEY and EVELYN DEWEY.
The most significant and informing study of educational conditions that has appeared in 20 years.
This is a day of change and experiment in education. The schools of yesterday that were designed
to meet yesterday's needs do not fit the requirements of to-day, and everywhere thoughtful people are
recognizing this fact and working out theories and trying experiments. Illustrated. 12mo. Net $1.50
The Belgian Cook Book
Recipes contributed by Belgian refugees in England and, in most cases, signed by the authors. All
Belgians are lovers of good feeding and are also strictly economists. The dainty dishes in this book
are, therefore, works of her people who are connoisseurs in these two habits.
Net $1.00
Eat and Grow Thin The Mahdah Menus, with a Preface by VANCE THOMPSON.
A collection of the hitherto unpublished Mahdah menus and recipes for which Americans have been
paying fifty-guinea fees to fashionable physicians in order to escape the tragedy of growing fat.
Under the Mahdah method of reduction one continues to live really well, gains in health and strength,
yet will lose twenty-five to thirty pounds in a few weeks without producing a wrinkle. Everyone
tells a fat friend what not to eat; this book shows what he can eat and grow thin. Cloth. Net $1.00
The Undying Story
By W. DOUGLAS NEWTON.
Depicting the famous retreat of the British from Mons to Ypres. Possibly the most vivid and remark-
able piece of descriptive work the War has produced.
Net $1.35
Unknown Russia
By ALAN LETHBRIDGE.
An interesting account of the author's travels in the back-blocks of Eastern Europe and Western
Siberia.
Net $5.00
The Irish Nuns at Ypres with an introduction by John Redmond, M.P.; with illustrations.
By D. M. C. Edited by R. Barry O'Brien, LL.D.,
Giving in a simple and affecting narrative, the bombardment of the doomed city by the Germans,
the suffering of the nuns and their quiet heroism.
Net $1.25
POSTAGE EXTRA
12mo.
Published
by
E. P. DUTTON & COMPANY
681 Fifth Ave.
New York


1915]
181
THE DIAL
FICTION
ALADORE
By HENRY NEWBOLT.
A charming romance with a spiritual meaning, which makes it almost an allegory. The hero, Sir Ywain,
suddenly leaves his property and home and goes out to meet his fate in the dress of a Pilgrim. He comes
to the city of Paladore and meets his Lady Aithne, who is of fairy descent and has the faculty of absenting
herself from Paladore and dwelling in Aladore, the spiritual counterpart of the former city. The story tells
of Ywain's struggles and successes and how he too at last attained to Aladore. A singularly beautiful and
pregnant book.
Net $2.00
The Little Mother Who
The Tollhouse
Sits at Home
By EVELYN ST. LEGER.
The story of an old-fashioned English village, the Squire
Edited by The COUNTESS BARCYNSKA. at the big house and the people in the village, and what came
A mother's thoughts, put down in black and white to
to them during the War.
I 2 mo. Net $1.00
help her think, tell the joy and pain of the unguessed sacri.
fices she suffered to make her boy a gentleman. These posted Some Women and Timothy
and unposted letters of a lonely, selfless, little widow to her
only child, as baby, boy, and man, are written with her very
life's blood. Frontispiece in color,
Net $1.00
By H. B. SOMERVILLE.
Timothy, a wealthy young man of important social
position, comes home after a big-game expedition of many
Two Sinners
months, and discovers that his brother has got tangled up
with a pretty widow of doubtful antecedents.
By MRS. DAVID RITCHIE.
To set the youngster free from the fascinating siren,
The plot is one of essential simplicity; its distinctive
interest and appeal is derived from the deft and graceful manner
he arranges to make pretended love to her himself; and does
with unexpected results, that cause a whole series of enter-
in which the story is told. All of the characters are felici- taining complications, leading to a deep, satisfying love-
tously drawn, and the elements of pathos and humor which
story.
Nel $1.35
enter into it are handled with much skill.
Net $1.35
Eve Dorre
Blindstone
By EMILY VIELE STROTHER.
By R. A. FOSTER-MELLIAR.
It details in a simple, sweet way the life of an American-
The hero of this powerful story is a young man whose born girl who early in life was transplanted in Paris. Then the
emotions are singularly hard to arouse. Engaged as a boy scenes shift from Paris to Burgundy and back again. Eve was
to marry a cousin by order of his elders, for the convenient a gentle, impulsive little creature, tossed here and there by
settling of some family estate troubles, he misses the joy of chance and circumstance until she at last finds anchorage in a
winning a wife of his own choosing. and his whole outlook great love. But no mere description can show in any way the
on life is vitiated. But after a period of stress and struggle, subtle, elusive charm of this book; it is a wonder volume of
at last the great awakening comes, and his eyes are opened delicate lights and shadows, of sweet half-lights of the spirit.
to the meaning of love.
Net $1.35
Nel $1.35
12 mo.
I 2mo.
I 2mo.
I 2 mo.
Practical Books
Wayfarer's Library
A series intended to guide the inexperienced in some
of the many forms of manual training which may be worked
out in the home and school so that the hand work may be not
only a pleasant pastime, but of real educational value.
Each illustrated. 8vo. Net $1.00
Only 40 cents nel cach,
А EW AND COMPAN ONABLE SERIES, covering
what is good, clean and humorous on the lighter side of recent
literature.
Yet THE WAYFARER'S LIBRARY is no haphazard
reissue of novels, but is a sincere and well-considered effort
to present in a handy and pleasing shape at a reasonable
price the books which represent the imagination, the romance,
and the lighter thought of our own time. The atmosphere
of the Library is sane and happy. Its object is to provide
recreation and enjoyment for the reader in the winter ingle-
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LAUNDRY WORK FOR HOME AND SCHOOL; by
L. WETENHALL; illustrations by ETHEL R. HAMBRIDGE.
A manual of instructions for those who are intending
to seek positions in laundries. Eminently adapted for trade
schools and other technical institutions. It is full of very
clear diagrams and the instructions are interestingly and
vividly given.
SCISSORS STORIES OR PICTURE CUTTING FOR
LITTLE PEOPLE; by J. E. TOLSON. Fascinating as a
pastime; interesting as an occupation and valuable as an
educational process.
KNITTING WITHOUT SPECIMENS. The Modern
Book of School Knitting and Crochet, by ELLEN P. CLAYDON
and C. A. CLAYDON. The scheme of knitting and crochet
suggested in this book provides that girls shall learn all varie-
ties of stitches while at the same time making useful articles
and garments.
SIMPLE ART APPLIED TO HANDWORK, by
H. A. RANKIN and F. H. BROWN. The first thing that would
appear to hold in decoration is that the decorator should
know something of the thing to be decorated. Herein lies
the good that handwork is likely to have on applied art
and on the child mind.
721 Volumes.
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Costing half as much (or less) than an ordinary edition
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Knowledge leads to efficiency.
Everyman's Encyclopedia
Is the cure for inefficiency.
LANTERN MAKING, by H. A. RANKIN. As a motive
for the designer's artistic ingenuity, lanterns are of abiding
interest, and will also claim his notice on account of the well-
nigh inexhaustible changes that may be rung on their shapes.
It is the handiest and cheapest form of modern collected
knowledge, and should be in every classroom, every office,
every home. Twelve volumes in box-Cloth. Net $6.00
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182
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
IMPORTANT PUTNAM PUBLICATIONS
Memories of a Publisher
a
By GEORGE HAVEN PUTNAM, Litt.D.,
Author of "Memories of My Youth,” “Books and Their Makers," "Abraham Lincoln,” etc.
8° Portrait $2.00
The author records what he can remember of the people with whom he has had personal
relations on both sides of the Atlantic during the fifty years since 1865, and he gives also his
own views in regard to certain questions of the day in which, as a citizen, he has taken his part,
such as Free Trade, Honest Money, Civil Service Reform, Copyright International and Domestic,
and matters connected with municipal, state, and national politics.
The book contains also some record of the undertakings of the Putnam Publishing House
from 1872, the year of the death of its founder. The “Memoir of G. P. Putnam,” published in
1912, had presented an account of the publishing firm from the year of its organization.
The Promise
Two First Rate Stories
What a Man Wills
A Tale of the Northwest and of a Man
By the Author of "An Unknown Lover"
Who Kept His Word
"Lady Cassandra,” Etc.
By JAMES B. HENDRYX
By MRS. G. DE HORNE VAIZEY
12° Frontispiece in color $1.35
12° 350 pages Frontispiece in color $1.35
A tale of a strong man's regeneration - of the transformation
The New Year's party was over. The house guests, gathered
of "Broadway Bill" Carmody, millionaire's son, rounder and
sport, whose drunken sprees have finally overtaxed the patience
around the great fireplace, were drawn on by their hostess to tell
of his father and the girl, into a Man, clear-eyed and clean-lived, of their ambitions and desires. The fulfillment of these declara.
a true descendant of the fighting McKims.
tions is told in the ensuing chapters, and the final results are
After the opening scenes in New York, we have a vivid
narrative of the lumber-camps of the Northwest — of the work
shown when the same people gather once more around the same
of strong men -- of hardships undergone and of dangers met fireplace, but after a lapse of fifteen years.
bravely and passed — of the struggle against heavy odds, and
of the making good of the "Man Who Could Not Die."
“Mrs. Vaizey has done something very big here."
Oscar Wilde's Work
Ravenna Edition
13 vols. 10° Red Limp Leather Sold Separately, each, $1.25 net
This is the first opportunity the public has been given to procure a Uniform Edition of Oscar Wilde, ONE
VOLUME AT A TIME.
Wilde was not only the keenest wit and most brilliant writer of his time he will live as a supreme master
of the English tongue. As he himself truthfully and unblushingly said, “I am a lord of language.
Romanism in the Light
of History
The Political Science of John Adams
By CORREA MOYLAN WALSH
A Study in the Theory of Mixed Government and the
Bicameral System
By R. H. McKIM, D.C.L.
8° 390 pages $2.25
12° $1.25
Treats of a theory which had extensive vogue at the time of the
raming of the American State and Federal constitutions and
powerfully contributed to the shaping of them in the form that
Four essays by the Rector of the Church of the Epiphany,
still endures.
The first takes up the Present Outlook of
The work also gives practical suggestions against
Washington, D. C.
the time when a thorough overhauling of our constitutions will
Romanism; the second, Pope Leo's Encyclical on the Reunion of
become necessary.
Christendom (subdivided into 19 Chapters); third, Fundamental
Principles of Protestantism, and last, Religious Liberty and the
Maryland Toleration Act.
The Political History of Secession
To the Beginning of the Civil War
By DANIEL WAIT HOWE
By ROBERT RESTALRIG LOGAN
President of the Indiana Historical Society
Author of “The Puritan Republic," "Civil -War Times," etc.
12º $1.00
8° $3.50
Traces the causes that led to the Civil War. An important
"Life with its surging regret for the unfulfilled longings and
contribution to a momentous period, and enables the reader the unattained mirage, life with its promise and life with its
to grasp the issues and attempted compromises that antedated disappointment, is given expression in the fervid and colorfu
the final outbreak.
stanzas of this volume.
ALL PRICES NET
Lichens from the Temple
NEW YORK
2-6 W. 45th Street
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
LONDON
24 Bedford Street


1915)
183
THE DIAL
SELECTED FROM SEPTEMBER'S LIST
Incense and Iconoclasm
By CHARLES LEONARD MOORE
12° $1.50 net
General Morris Schaff writes the author as follows:
“Do you know this last book will put you in the very first rank, if not in the lead,
of our critics on literature. It is altogether the firmest, broadest, and has the
most marching step, so to speak, of anything that has appeared, and should bring
you great honor, especially from students and teachers of literature, for no one
can read your essays and not be conscious of a new light on the pages of the
writers whose works and genius you have dealt with.”
The Sweet Scented Name
And Other Fairy Tales, Fables and Stories
By FEDOR SOLOGUB
12° $1.50.
Fedor Sologub is one of the cleverest of contem.
porary Russian tale-writers and poets. He scents
new thoughts and finds a new medium of style and
language to present them to his age. His genius lies
in the power he has to suggest atmosphere. He casts
the reader into a spell through which he is infallibly
beguiled out of the everyday atmosphere into the
mirage or phantasy or trance which the author, who
is a sort of Prospero, wishes.
Secret Diplomatic Memoirs
By COUNT HAYASHI
8o $2.50.
The veteran Japanese diplomat traces some of
the great consummations of recent Japanese diplo.
macy. The author, as the Ambassador from the
Mikado's Empire to the Court of St. James, had
a large measure of responsibility for the shaping of
the Anglo-Japanese alliance. His verbatim account
of the diplomatic play of forces gives a very clear
impression of the conduct of this important affair
of state.
War and Christianity
From the Russian Point of View
By VLADIMIR SOLOVYOF
12C $1.50.
Solovyof is Russia's greatest philosopher and one
of the greatest of her poets. In national culture
he owned Dostoevsky as his prophet, and with him
is one of the spiritual leaders of the Russian people.
In this volume he combats Tolstoy and positivism,
expressing the trust in spiritual power which was
his deepest faith.
Isabel of Castile
And the Making of the Spanish Nation
By IERNE PLUNKET
80 Illustrated $2.50.
The story of a great woman and a great ruler,
and the history of a nation in the making. Isabel
opened her eyes on a world where her country
stood discredited, the prey or mockery of stronger
neighbors; and, when she closed them in death, it
represented, in union with Aragon, the predomi.
nant voice in the councils of Europe.
The Decorating and
Furnishing of Apartments
By B. RUSSELL HERTS
Large 80 32 full page Illus.; 8 in color $3.50.
How to make your little or big flat tasteful,
artistic, livable; by an expert.
City Planning
By CHARLES MULFORD ROBINSON
80 Fully Illustrated Probable Price, $2.00.
This book is written with special reference to
the planning of streets and lots, and is of special
importance to the community because of its value
to the operator.
ALL PRICES NET
NEW YORK
2-6 W. 45th Street
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
LONDON
24 Bedford Street


184
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
Of “The Century Co.” Stamp and Standard
STRAIGHT DOWN THE
CROOKED LANE
By Bertha Runklo
A story of love, loyalty, and mystery. It has all the
story-telling charm of “The Helmet of Navarre''; but it
deals with people and places of today, and is enriched by
the author's fuller years of artistic endeavor.
Jacket and frontis piece in colors. 12 mo, about 500 pages.
$1.35 net, postage 10 cents.
(Ready Sepi. 24.)
MARIE TARNOWSKA
By A. Vivanti Chartres
The true, authentic story, told in the first person, of
the beautiful Countess Tarnowska, called in Europe "the
Fatal Countess. As the book progresses the reader sees,
more and more clearly, the influences that made her use
for crime the strange and mysterious powers which she
had over men.
Illustrations from photographs. $1.50 net, postage 10 cents.
(just issued.)
ME: A Book of Remembrance
Anonymous
The confessions of a well-known woman novelist
describing the critical year of her girlhood. Before he
covers many pages of this book, the reader will have
sensed the captivating, arresting personality of the author;
after that he will understand how she came to meet the
experiences she did in the way she did.
Jacket in color. $1.30 net, postage 10 cents.
(Just issued.)
HABITS THAT HANDICAP
The Menace of Opium, Alcohol, and
Tobacco, and the Remedy
By Charles B. Towns
The initiator of the recent legislation in New York
State, directed against the drug-traffic, here classifies and
describes the various habit-forming drugs; tells how
habits are formed; and outlines an effective treatment.
He discusses also the alcohol evil, the tobacco evil, etc.
12mo, 300 pages. $1.20 net, postage 10 cents. (Just issued.)
PEGEEN
By Eleanor Hoyt Brainerd
A love story with trimmings of Irish humor, tenderness
and fancy. He was an artist who couldn't keep house.
As for Pegeen she couldn't help managing everything
within her radius of acquaintance. So she manages him,
and the Smiling Lady as well, not to mention Wiggles,
Spunky, and Boots.
jacket and frontispiece in colors. $1.25 net, postage 10 cents.
(Just issued.)
ESCAPE AND OTHER ESSAYS
By Arthur Christopher Benson
Impressions and meditations by the celebrated English
essayist and poet. Written in time of peace, they are
sent forth by the author as emblems of the real life to
which, in the midst of war, he believes we should try to
return. Several of the essays are autobiographical.
12mo, about 300 pages. $1.50 nel, postage 10 cents.
(Ready Sept. 24.)
A HISTORY OF AMERICAN
LITERATURE SINCE 1870
By Fred Lewis Patteo
The first full-length account of our contemporary
literature; by the Professor of English at the Pennsylvania
State College.
8vo, about 500 pages. $2.00 net, postage 10 cents.
(Ready Oc:. 8.)
THE FUN OF COOKING
By Caroline French Benton
A new kind of children's cook book; written in the form
of a story, with an excellent receipt on almost every page.
Illustrations. Oilcloth art cover.
nel, postage 10 cents.
12mo, 241 pages. $1.00
(Ready Sept. 24.)
PEG O' THE RING
By Emilie Benson Knipo and Alden Arthur Knipo
The third and last story in the charming Denewood
series; a book for boys and girls, set in the days of Wash-
ington.
Illustrations. 12mo, 375 pages. $1.25 net, postage 10 cents.
(Ready Sept. 24.)
TOMMY AND THE
WISHING-STONE
By Thornton W. Burgess
About a small boy who discovers that whenever he
sits on a certain old gray stone his wishes come true.
Illustrations by Harrison Cady. 10 mo, 300 pages. $1.00
net, postage 10 cents.
(Ready Sept. 24.)
THE STRANGE STORY OF
MR. DOG AND MR. BEAR
By Mabel Puller Blodgett
A book of animal adventures for very young readers,
printed in large type, with wide margins. Many pictures.
Square 12mo, 125 pages. $1.00 net, postage 10 cents.
(Ready Sept. 24.)
THE BOARDED-UP HOUSE
By Augusta Huiell Seaman
How two girls invaded an empty house, what mysteries
they found there, and how they unravelled them.
Illustrations. 12 mo, 225 pages. $1.25 net, postage 10 cents.
(Ready Sept. 24.)
THE CENTURY CO.
353 FOURTH AVENUE
Publishers
NEW YORK CITY


1915)
185
THE DIAL
Of "The Century Co." Stamp and Standard
MY CHILDHOOD
By Maxim Gorky, author of
“Twenty-Six and One"
The life-story of the famous Russian novelist from his
earliest memory to his seventeenth year. Upon the pages
of the book, out of the memory of his childhood, Gorky
has written some of the fairest passages of all Russian
literature. A presentation of the basic character of the
Russian people.
Frontispiece. 8vo, 308 pages. $2.00 net, postage 10 cents.
(Ready Oct. 8.)
THE LOST PRINCE
By Frances Hodgson Burnett
Mrs. Burnett has never written a more charming story.
The hero is a prince who does not know he is one; and he
makes his way through Europe in the guise of a stalwart
little tramp, ignorant of all but that he must obey and
pass on in silence.
Jacket embossed in gold and black.
Illustrations by Maurice L. Bower. 12 mo, about 500 pages.
$1.35 net, postage 10 cents.
(Ready Oct. 8.)
EARLY AMERICAN
CRAFTSMEN
By Walter A. Dyer, author of
“ The Lure of tho Antiquo''
Much has been written about the work of the early
American craftsmen, but little attention has been paid to
their personal lives and characters. Mr Dyer's book not
only surveys their work -- in architecture, glassware, pot-
tery, etc.- but also the men themselves.
More than 100 illustrations. 890, 350 pages. $2.40 nel,
postage 10 cents.
(Ready Oct. 8.)
PARIS REBORN
By Horbert Adams Gibbons
An extended diary, written day by day in Paris during
the first five months of the war, and reflecting freshly and
spontaneously all the events and fluctuations of those
exciting days. Gradually one gains a sense of the tragic
significance of these events, in the midst of which the
spirit of Paris has been born again.
Ilustrations in tint by Lester G. Hornby. 8vo, 395 pages.
$2.00 net, postage 10 cents.
(Ready Oct. 8.)
PLEASURES AND PALACES
DEAR ENEMY
By Jean Webstor, author of “Daddy-Long-Logs"
The story of one hundred and thirteen orphans, a crusty
Scotch surgeon, and Sally McBride. Sally enters no heart
except to make life sing in it more clearly, strongly, and
sweetly. The author's illustrations have in them the kind
of humor that is in the story.
12mo, about 300 pages. $1.30 net, postage 10 cents.
(Ready Oct. 22.)
By Princess Lazarovich-Brebolianovich
The romantic history of an American girl who went to
London to win fame and fortune, who was made much of by
royalty and the notable people of her time, and married
a prince from a faraway land. An entertaining book of
social and artistic gossip.
Illustrations by John Wolcott Adams. Royal 8vo, about 400
pages. $3.00 nel, postage 10 cents. (Ready Oct. 22.)
PRESENT-DAY CHINA
By Gardnor L. Harding
A book about awakened China, and from a new point
of view, the work of a trained traveler, student, and writer.
The author won the friendship of a great many leaders
of the New China. His book is the best on this most tragic
republic as it is today and will probably be tomorrow.
Illustrated. 16 mo, about 200 pages. $1.00 net, postage 5
cents.
(Ready Oct. 8.)
ASHES AND SPARKS
By Richard Wightman
Poems by the author of "Soul-Spur" and "The Things
He Wrote to Her," written in measures full of swing and
variety. They bring refreshment, good cheer, and a new
heart to those who crave a simple and workable philosophy
of life.
12mo, 175 pages. $1.25 net, postage ro cents.
(Ready Oct. 8.)
HIGH LIGHTS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
By Hilairo Belloc, author of "Robespierre," etc.
A brilliant series of essays in which the outstanding moments of the most dramatic hour in modern history are described
by the ablest living writer on these themes. The Revolt of the Commons, the Flight to Varennes, the Storming of the
Tuileries, the execution of Louis XVI are among the subjects he has chosen, and they are connected by prefatory potes briefly
sketching the intermediate course of events. Picturesque, vivid, minutely circumstantial, rushing in interest. In literary
qualities the episodes are comparable with those of Carlyle.
Illustrated with 50 full-page reproductions of famous paintings and engravings in the spirit of the times. Frontispiece in full
color. Royal octavo, about 300 pages. Price $3.00 net, postage 10 cents.
(Ready Odl. 22.)
THE CENTURY CO.
(
353 FOURTH AVENUE
Publishers
NEW YORK CITY


186
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL

THE CENTURY
L-30-
SIEBEN
THE ABINGDON PRESS
For October
Meddling with our Neighbors
Have we Belgianized Nicaragua? The Stars and
Stripes were floating over the White House in the
Capital of Nicaragua when Lincoln G. Valentine wrote
this astounding article. For five years Nicaragua has
been virtually in charge of American Marines. The
five Central American Republics, formerly a single
union, are clamoring for re-union and armed resistance
to the "Eagle of the North."
պարենպաստարա
1414900
IIN
The Friends
One of the best short stories of the year, a thing of
almost uncanny fascination. It is made of men and
things as commonplace as cabbages; yet through some
legerdemain in the telling it achieves a continuously
cumulative interest that is fairly astounding.
The Average Voter
Is the average voter a failure? Is there an average
voter? Walter Weyl, in this searching article, takes
stock of America's voting quality.
My Debut in Paris
Francis Grierson, the strange musical genius who
was raised in America and then amazed Europe with a
new kind of music, tells of his introduction to the
brilliant Parisian society of the end of the Second
Empire.
Female Delicacy in the Sixties
What is so rare as a swooning lady now? But they
weren't rare sixty years ago. They were the ideals
then. Amy Louise Reed discusses the almost in-
credible foolishnesses of and about women, especially
young women, before the Civil War.
“Here Comes Grover"
The Fat Boy is peculiar to himself, typically unique.
His heart and mind know different reactions from
those of an ordinary mortal. His bashfulness betrays
strange complexes. Grover, in Frank Leon Smith's
story, lives, breathes,- and pants.
Rome Rampant
Did Italy go to war to avoid revolution at home?
T. Lothrop Stoddard analyzes the Italian situation in
his usual clear, vigorous, entertaining way.
Old Masters of Photography
Alvan Langdon Coburn, himself a master of the art
of which he writes, tells about four great pioneers in
the field of photography.
And
“Pleasures and Palaces".
- the third instalment
of Princess Lazarovich's sprightly reminiscences of
social and artistic life in Europe; the third instalment
of “Dear Enemy." Jean Webster's very charming
serial; the fourth instalment of “We Discover New
England," in which Louise Closser Hale and Walter
Hale visit the North Shore; two humorous short
stories; “The Long Way." a piece of vigor and splendor
in verse by Badger Clark; verse of distinction by Louis
Untermeyer and others; and THE CENTURY'S cus-
tomary offering of inset pictures.
The Abingdon Press is the trade
imprint of the oldest publishing house
in the United States; its impress on
any book is a guarantee of scholarship,
reliability and workmanship. Under
this imprint it is proposed to issue
important works in History, Phi-
losophy, Sociology, Economics and
Theology. Among recent issues deal-
ing with new and important phases
of these subjects are The Balkans, by
William M. Sloane, Professor of History
in Columbia College; Social Heredity
and Social Evolution, by Professor
H. W. Conn, Professor of Biology in
Wesleyan University; and
and The
Awakening of Woman, by Florence
Guertin Tuttle. Booksellers may un-
hesitatingly commend any publica-
tions bearing the trade-mark or
imprint of the Abingdon Press, con-
fident that all such publications will
stand the highest critical test.
The Century Co., 353 Fourth Avenue
New York City
Gentlemen:-Please find enclosed $4. for which send
THE CENTURY for one year, beginning with the
October number, to
Name
THE ABINGDON PRESS
NEW YORK
CINCINNATI
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220 West Fourth Street
BOSTON
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DETROIT
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12 Elizabeth Street, East 5 and 7 City Hall Ave.
Address
(Dial -9.)


1915)
187
THE DIAL
The Latest Doran Books
I 2mo.
a
BOON: The Mind of the Race, The Wild Asses of the Devil and
The Last Trump
By Reginald Bliss With an Ambiguous Introduction
by H. G.
"Vivid, brilliant, varied, unusual, this book with the paragraph-long title is one to read, to laugh over, to admire-
and to think about quite seriously.”—New York Times. *A literary salad with plenty of red pepper in it; a
bookman's holiday, with a few picnics and several visits to battlefields, on which the reader sees literary and
political idols slain with shrapnel of satire."-Philadelphia North American.
Net, $1.35
I ACCUSE (J'ACCUSE)
By a German Alexander Gray
Translated by
Because a patriotic German, high in his Government's service, loved his Fatherland and hated the madness of
militarism, he dared write this indictment of the Imperial hypnotist, this bold declaration that Germany has
always had her place in the sun-till in madness she cut off her own light. Not merely a book-but as great
an event in the War as any battle.
12mo. Net, $1.50
THE SOUL OF GERMANY
By Doctor Thomas F. A. Smith
Whatever the turn of events, our relations with Germany will be close for years to come, and will demand a study
of this standard book which does for Germany of today what Price Collier did for the peaceful Germany of some
years ago-studies intimately from rich personal knowledge her life in home, school, office, government bureau.
12mo. Net, $1.25
PUNCH CARTOONS: The Great War in Pictures Humorous and Symbolic
From the hundreds of pictures regarding the Great War, regarding England, Uncle Sam, the Kaiser, von Tirpitz,
sick Turkey and the like, that have been appearing in Punch these cartoons and clever little sketches have been
selected for America.
4to. Net, $1.50
COLLECTED DIPLOMATIC DOCUMENTS OF THE WAR
Here is given in full the only authoritative information regarding the outbreak of the war-the British, French,
Russian, Belgian, Serbian, German and Austrian diplomatic correspondence.
8vo. Net, $1.00
ARE WOMEN PEOPLE ?
By Alice Duer Miller
Humor is nothing but applied common sense. Hence in the splendid humor and melody of these rhymed answers
to the pomposities of the anti-suffragists there are sounder suffrage arguments than in pages of statistics.
12mo. Net, $0.60
HAPPY HOLLOW FARM
By William R. Lighton
Because of the success of his experiment in giving up city newspaper work to develop run-down mountain
farm, and because of the interest and lucidness with which he tells of this venture in freedom, Mr. Lighton may
be regarded as leader of the Back to the Soil movement, and this book is the new authority for all who turn long-
ing eyes from city to country. Many illustrations.
12mo. Net, $1.25
Fiction of Real Greatness
OF HUMAN BONDAGE
THE STORY OF JACOB
By Somerset Maugham
STAHL
By J. D. Beresford
"A big piece of work; one of those novels which deserve
In three volumes :
the attention of all who care for what is worth while in
THE EARLY HISTORY OF JACOB STAHL
contemporary fiction."—New York Times.
Net, $1.50
A CANDIDATE FOR TRUTH
and the new volume
THE GOLDEN SCARECROW
THE INVISIBLE EVENT
By Hugh Walpole
"They form practically one book. Despite the length
With that rare instinct for pure beauty, which distin.
of the book, Jacob is a person of whom we never grow
guished “Fortitude" and his other novels, developed
weary. Here is the successful presentation of a human
to the utmost, Mr. Walpole recreates for every grown-
being, growing, changing, swiftly reacting to environ-
up the Golden Age of childhood.
Net, $1.25
ment, yet retaining his own individually. Beresford be-
longs near to Walpole and Bennett."- New York Times.
MINNIE'S BISHOP
Izmo. Ea. vol., Net, $1.35. The three, boxed, Net, $2.50
By George A. Birmingham
THE RAT-PIT Patrick MacGill
The newest volume of Irish stories by the sympathetic A story of the Irish peasantry with the beauty of an
and witty author of "General John Regan,” etc. October sunset-somber, noble, unforgettable.
12mo. Net, $1.20
12mo. Net, $1.25
AT ALL BOOKSELLERS
Send for new anaouncement of autumn books of distinctive importance
GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY 38 W. 32nd St. NEW YORK
PUBLISHERS IN AMERICA FOR HODDER & STOUGHTON
1
I 2mo.
I2mo.


188
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
ET
AVANT
DROIT
Important Fall Books
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY
PUBLISHERS
PHILADELPHIA
The Art of Ballet
By MARK E. PERUGINI
About 60 illustrations. Net, $2.50
The History of the
Harlequinade
By MAURICE SAND
16 hand-colored illustrations.
2 volumes.
Net, $6.00
A Vagabond Voyage
Through Brittany
By MRS. LEWIS CHASE
64 illustrations and a map. 8vo.
Net, $2.00
!
Historic Virginia Homes and Churches
By ROBERT A. LANCASTER, Jr.
325 illustrations. Cloth Net, $7.50 Half morocco
Net, $12.50
A Limited Edition Printed from Type. Uniform with the Pennells' "Our
Philadelphia."
The most important work on any State yet published in this country. It describes
practically all the houses of historic interest in Virginia, gives illustrations of most of them,
as well as the churches most likely to engage attention.
The Magic of Jewels and Heroes and Heroines of
Charms
Fiction
By GEORGE FREDERICK KUNZ,
Classical, Medieval, and Legendary.
A.M., Ph.D., D.Sc.
By WILLIAM S. WALSH.
With numerous plates in color, double- Half morocco, Reference Library style.
tone and line. Cloth Net, $5.00
Net, $3.00
Half morocco
Net, 10.00 Uniform with "Heroes and Heroines
Uniform in style and size with "The
of fiction. Modern Prose and
Curious Lore of Precious Stones."
Poetry.
The two volumes in a box. Net, $6.00
The two volumes in a box, Net,$10.00
These books comprise complete
The new volume gives much unique
encyclopedia of interesting, valuable and
and interesting information especially curious facts regarding all the characters
relating to the magical power which pre- of any note whatever in literature.
cious stones have been supposed to exert
over individuals and events during past
Quaint and Historic Forts
ages.
of North America
The Civilization of
By JOHN MARTIN HAMMOND.
Babylonia and Assyria Author of "Colonial Mansions of
By MORRIS JASTROW, Jr.
Maryland and Delaware."
With photogravure frontispiece and 65
170 illustrations. Octavo. Cloth, gilt illustrations. Ornamental cloth,
top, in a box
Net, $6.00
gilt top, in a box.
Net, $5.00
The only book on the subject treating Timely and interesting, to the last
of the entire civilization of these ancient degree in these days of war, is this volume,
nations,-languages, laws, religions, cus- not on “fortifications' as such, but on the
toms, buildings, etc., other books have old and existing forts, with their great
treated only partial phases of the subject. romantic and historical interest.
a
The Glory that was Greece
A Survey of Hellenic Culture and
Civilization.
By J. C. STOBART, M.A.
Profusely illustrated. 8vo. New Edi-
tion.
Net, $2.00
The Artistic Anatomy of
Trees
By REX VICAT COLE
With several hundred illustrations and
diagrams.
Net, $1.75
Great Schools of Painting
A First Book of European Art
By WINIFRED TURNER, B.A.
32 illustrations.
Net, $1.50
Sailing Ships and Their
Story
By E. KEBLE CHATTERTON
130 illustrations. New edition reduced
from $3.75 to
Net, $1.80
The Antiquity of Man
By ARTHUR KEITH, M.A., LL.D.,
F.R.S., Hunterian Professor, R.C.S.
*About 150 illustrations. Net, $2.50
The Gypsy's Parson
His Experiences and Adventures
By G. HALL
64 illustrations
Net, $2.50
In the Land of Temples
With 40 plates in photogravure from JOSEPH PENNELL'S LITHOGRAPHS
Introduction by W. H. D. Rouse, Litt. D. Crown quarto.
Lithograph on cover. Net $1.25
Mr. Pennell's wonderful drawings present to us the immortal witnesses of the “Glory
That Was Greece" just as they stand today, in their environment and the golden
atmosphere of Hellas.
Under the Red Cross Flag
English Ancestral Homes of
At Home and Abroad.
Noted Americans
By MABEL T. BOARDMAN
By ANNE HOLLINGSWORTH
Chairman National Relief Board,
WHARTON
American Red Cross.
With about 28 illustrations. Orna-
Fully illustrated. Decorated cloth, mental cloth, gilt top. Net, $2.00
gilt top.
Net, $1.50
Half morocco,
Net, 4.50
The story and the adventures of the
Red Cross from the beginning of the
George Washington, Benjamin Franklin,
organization up to and including the
the Pilgrim Fathers, William Penn, Virginia
Cavaliers and other noted Americans are
present war.
traced to their English ancestral homes,
with much entertaining and interesting
Productive Advertising information gathered on the way.
By HERBERT W. HESS.
Professor of Advertising, Wharton
Lippincott's Universal
School, University of Pennsylvania. Pronouncing Dictionary of
Profusely illustrated with specimens, Biography and ythology
charts, diagrams, etc., etc. Octavo.
New Edition.
Cloth.
Net, $2.00
This work covers the entire field, giving
One volume, sheep.
Net, $10.00
the principles of advertising in all its forms. Half morocco,
Net, 12.50
Peg Along
By GEORGE L. WALTON, M. D.
Author of "Why Worry," etc. Net, $1.00
Hundreds of thousands of fussers, fretters, semi- and would-be invalids, and all other
halterers by the wayside should be reached by Dr. Walton's stirring encouragement to
“Peg Along."
Peeps into Picardy
By W. D. CRAUFURD and
E. A. MANTON
illustrations and a map. Net, $1.00
Scientific Inventions of
Today
By T. W. CORBIN
Illustrated.
Net, $1.50
My Adventures as a Spy
By LIEUT.-GEN. SIR ROBERT
BADEN-POWELL, K.C.B.
Illustrated with the author's own
sketches.
Net, $1.00


1915]
189
THE DIAL
AVANT
New Fiction, Juveniles, Miscellaneous
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY
DROIT
PUBLISHERS
PHILADELPHIA
A Great Novelist at
His Best
R
1
MAURICE
HEWLETT
Wonderful
New Romance
FICTION
The Man from the Bitter Roots
By CAROLINE LOCKHART
Illustrated in color. $1.25 net.
“Better than 'Me-Smith,'" is the word from those who have read this
great account of Bruce Burt and his struggles.
A Man's Hearth
By ELEANOR INGRAM
Illustrated in color. $1.25 net.
"From the Car Behind" (five printings) was aptly termed "one contin-
uous joy-ride," and it was a big success. “A Man's Hearth" has all the former
story's vim and go, and also a heart interest that gives it a wider appeal.
The Obsession of Victoria Gracen
By Grace Livingston Hill Lutz
Illustrated in color. $1.25 net.
Another fine big, optimistic story by the author of “Lo Michael,"
“The Best Man, etc.
Heart's Content
By Ralph Henry Barbour
Illustrated in color, and decorated. $1.50 net.
Romance and plenty of it; fun and plenty of it; a happy man who
"starts things” and who at the end makes a woman happy, too. “Bright,
cheerful, and snappy" will be the opinion of all readers.
The Complete Sea Cook
The Salvage of a Sailor
By FRANK T. BULLEN
By FRANK T. BULLEN
Eight illustrations.
Net, $1.00 Eight illustrations.
Net, $1.00
The Sea Hawk
By RAFAEL SABATINI
Net, $1.25
JUVENILES
Heidi
American Boys' Book of Bugs,
By JOHANNA SPYRI
Translated by Elisabeth P. Stork.
Butterflies and Beetles
Introduction by Charles Wharton
By DAN BEARD
Stork.
With 300 illustrations, some in color.
Illustrations in color. Net, $1.25
Net, $2.00
This is the New Volume in the
A practical book about bugs, butterflies
STORIES ALL CHILDREN LOVE Series
and beetles, by the Founder of the first
Boy Scouts.
The Boy Scouts of Snow-Shoe Lodge
Winona of the Camp Fire
By RUPERT SARGENT HOLLAND
Illustrated in color and black and
By MARGARET WIDDEMER
white by Will Thomson.
Illustrated in color.
Net, $1.25
Cloth.
Net, $1.25
The author of "The Rose-Garden
Scenes laid in the Adirondacks. Plenty
Husband" (five printings) has written a
of sledding, snowshoeing, skiing, trapping,
charming story that all Camp Fire Girls
and all who enjoy outdoor life will read and
real winter sports and experiences.
recommend to their friends.
Gold Seekers of '49
The Master of the World
By EDWIN L. SABIN
Illustrated in color and doubletone by
A Tale of Mystery and Marvel
Charles H. Stephens. Net, $1.25
By JULES VERNE
30 illustrations.
Net, $1.00
This is the New Volume in the
TRAIL BLAZERS SERIES,
lan Hardy, Senior Midshipman
full of adventure and good fun.
By COMMODORE E. HAMILTON
The Romance of the Spanish Main
CURREY, R.N.
Colored illustrations. Net, $1.50
By NORMAN J. DAVIDSON, B.A.
Illustrated.
Net, $1.50
Boy Scouts in Russia
Science for Children Series
By JOHN FINNEMORE
Illustrated.
Net, $1.25
The Stars and Their Mysteries
By CHARLES R. GIBSON, F.R.S.E. The Darling of the School
Illustrated.
Net, $1.00
By LAURA T. MEADE
Illustrated.
Net, $1.25
The Violet Book of Romance
A Tapestry of Old Tales
A Ripping Girl
Rewoven by ALETHEA CHAPLIN
By MAY BALDWIN
8 colored illustrations. 8vo. Net, $1.00 Illustrated
Net, $1.25

The
Little Iliad
Frontispiece by Edward Burne-
Jones. $1.35 net.
A “Hewlett" that you and
everyone else will enjoy! It com-
bines the rich romance of his
earliest work with the humor,
freshness and gentle satire of his
more recent.
CHARLES DICKENS'S
Christmas Carol
13 illustrations in color and many
in black and white
By ARTHUR RACKHAM
Octavo, Decorated Cloth. Net $1.50
The great circle of admirers of
the distinguished illustrator have
long been hoping to see his concep-
tion of Old Scrooge, Tiny Tim, and
the other interesting characters
and scenes of Dickens's master-
piece.


190
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
Some of Little, Brown & Co.'s Fall Books
FICTION
BELTANE, THE SMITH
THE STIRRUP LATCH
By JEFFERY FARNOL. A romance of the
By SIDNEY MCCALL. A Southern story of love
greenwood, by the author of "The Broad
Highway.
and temptation, by the author of "Truth Dexter."
Illustrated. $1.50 net.
$1.35 net.
THE WAY OF THESE WOMEN JEAN OF THE LAZY A
By E. PHILLIPS OPPENHEIM. A tensely written By B. M. BOWER. The moving-picture field in
mystery novel containing the author's best the West, with a real cowgirl for its heroine.
portraiture of the fair sex.
$1.35 net.
$1.30 net.
THE LITTLE RED DOE
TAD AND HIS FATHER
By CHAUNCEY J. HAWKINS. A sympathetic By F. LAURISTON BULLARD. A study of the
story of a creature of the wilds.
home life of the great liberator, Lincoln.
Illustrated. $1.00 net.
$1.00 net in leather; 50 cents in cloth.
ILLUSTRATED GIFT BOOKS
REMODELED FARMHOUSES
OLD CONCORD
By Mary H. NORTHEND. Shows the changes By Allen FRENCH. Effectively, depicts the
that converted twenty farmhouses into charm- town's literary and historic associations.
ing homes. Superbly illustrated. 8vo. $5.00 net. With 29 illustrations by Hornby. 8vo. $3.00 net.
OLD BOSTON MUSEUM DAYS THE STORY OF WELLESLEY
By KATE RYAN. Brings close to the reader the By FLORENCE CONVERSE. Its traditions and
lure and glamour of early stage life at the history, by a graduate.
Museum.
Illustrated. Svo. $1.50 net. Illustrated by Norman 1. Black. 8vo. $2.00 net.
WALKS ABOUT WASHINGTON STATELY HOMES OF CALIFORNIA
By FRANCIS LEUPP. Breathes the very spirit By PORTER GARNETT. The construction and
and atmosphere of the Capital city.
setting of twelve of California's finest homes.
Over 25 illustrations by Hornby. 8vo. $3.00 net.
Illustrated in color. 8vo. $2.50 net.
BIOGRAPHIES
THE HENRY FORD BOOK
REMINISCENCES AND LETTERS OF
HELP THE OTHER FELLOW
SIR ROBERT BALL
By HENRY FORD. The childhood, youth and By W. V. Ball, his son. The autobiography
ambitions of America's great manufacturer of of England's famous astronomer.
automobiles. Illustrated. 12mo. $1.50 net.
Illustrated. 8vo. $5.00 net.
MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS
DEMOCRACY IN THE MAKING FUTURE OF SOUTH AMERICA
By Various Contributors. A full account of
By ROGER W. BABSON. A most readable story
the open forum movement at Ford Hall, Boston. of the country of to-day. 12mo. $2.00 net.
12mo. $1.50 net.
PATHOLOGICAL LYING,
CLYDE FITCH PLAYS
ACCUSATION AND SWINDLING Memorial Edition. Includes plays never before
By WILLIAM HEALY, M.D. A study in forensic
put in print, personal data, etc.
psychology, by an expert. 8vo. $2.50 net.
4 vols. $1.50 net each.
SUNLIT DAYS
CANNING, PRESERVING
By FLORENCE HOBART PERIN. A word of AND JELLY MAKING
prayer for each day.
Cloth, $1.00.
White and gold, $1.25. Leather, $1.50 net.
By JANET M. Hill. The latest recipes and a
reliable guide.
Illustrated. $1.00 net.
THE MOTHERCRAFT MANUAL
By MARY L. READ. A young mother's guide,
HOW TO KNOW YOUR CHILD
written by the Director, School of Mothercraft, By MIRIAM F. Scott. Points out how to make
New York.
12mo. $1.00 net. the best of our children. 12mo. $1.25 net.
JUVENILES
LITTLE WOMEN
BEDTIME STORY BOOKS
By LOUISA M. Alcott. A handsome new By THORNTON W. BURGESS. Two new titles
edition with 8 colored illustrations by Miss in this series of animal stories.
Smith.
8vo. $2.50 net.
IX. Chatterer, The Red Squirrel.
X. Sammy Jay.
Each. Illustrated by Cady. 50 cents net.
LING
LITTLE, BROWN & CO., Publishers, BOSTON, MASS.


1915)
191
THE DIAL
Recent and forthcoming Books of Uncommon Interest
WHY NOT?
ELTHAM HOUSE
By MARGARET WIDDEMER
By MRS. HUMPHRY WARD
Author of "The Rose Garden Husband"
Author of “Delia Blanchflower"
Ready September 14th
Ready October 6th
A delightful love story designed to make people A profoundly moving story of English social life
happier. Full of personality and charm. “There's and politics, in which prejudice against a divorced
no reason why not,' says the author-no reason woman plays a leading part. It has the note of
why all of us should not realize our dreams. A elevation and nobility that marks great fiction.
book for all who believe that dreams and ideals are Unquestionably one of Mrs. Ward's finest novels.
the greatest things in life. Illustrated.
A fiction feature of the autumn. Illustrated.
Price, $1.25 net.
Price, $1.35 net.
That Night
Mothercraft
and Other Satires
Elements of the Great War
By Sarah Comstock
By Freeman Tilden
The First Phase
Two hundred thousand
Ready October 6th
children under five years of
By HILAIRE BELLOC
The first volume of satiri.
age die in the United States
cal stories published in Am-
Public Ledger, Phila.: A masterly work,
erica, by the greatest master
every page of which is full of the most vitai every year of preventable dis-
interest.
eases.
of satire in the American New York Sun: "A clear and orderly ex-
Who could have prevented
short story of to-day. Good position."
them?
satire in fiction is so rare that
Boston Transcripl: “Mr. Belloc's book is
a rare achievement.
all discriminating readers will
"Mothers,” answers the
The Nation: "A model of clear exposition.
welcome this notable volume,
author of this book.
It is and promises to be the most satisfac.
which bids fair to place its
tory work of its scope."
“We know of no book upon
author in the company of
Portland Oregonian: “An important his- this general subject that we
Mark Twain and 0. Henry.
tory- a most complete work, the crowning
can more confidently recom-
effort of an expert.'
Read Tilden and forget your Philo. North American: “Many have been
mend."—The Medical Coun-
troubles. Illustrated.
called, but few chosen, for such a weighty
cil. Illustrated.
task. Mr. Belloc is of the elect-- he speaks
Price, $1.00 net.
Price, $1.00 net.
authoritatively."
The Marriage Revolt
Luther Burbank
His Life and Work
A Study of Marriage and Divorce King Albert's Book
By HENRY SMITH WILLIAMS,
By WILLIAM E. CARSON
The World's Greatest Men and Women
M.D., LL.D.
Made This Book to Help Belgium Sec. of the Lather Burbank Society of America
Author of Social Problems of To-day".
"Mexico, the Wonderland of the South,"
23 Stories.
12 Musical Com-
Ready Oct. 6th
etc. Ready September 14th
positions. 22 Poems. 1 Play. 19 A popular and highly interest-
A radical but impartial study Articles. 133 Prose Contributions. ing account of the work of a
of the divorce question, childless 23 Illustrations. 11. Examples of practical scientist whose dis-
unions, the coming marriage, etc. photogravure, etching, pen and coveries in fruits and flowers have
Dealing frankly but not objec- ink, charcoal and crayon drawings. made him world-famous. The
tionably with the perplexing sex Profits from the sale of this author's purpose is to enable the
problems of to-day, it is absorb- book will go to the Belgian Fund. reader to Burbank" his own
ing in interest and of high value. Cloth, $1.50 net. Full Leather, orchard, garden and door-yard.
Illustrated. Price, $2.00 net. $5.00 net.
Illustrated. Price, $2.50 net.
Ready September 28th
Ready September 28th
Political Parties
The Story of a Hare
By ROBERT MICHELS, Professor of Political Economy
and Statistics, University of Basle
The Life Story of an Otter
A sociological study of the oligarchical tendencies of modern
By JOHN COULSON TREGARTHEN
democracy. This important volume has been issued in
Italian, French, German and Japanese. The author's proph-
Animal stories with a charm comparable to that of Charles
ecies have been substantiated by events immediately preceding
G. D. Roberts and Ernest Thompson-Seton. Illustrated.
the outbreak of the Great War. Quarto. Price $3.50, nel. Price, $1.25 net, each.
DEFENSELESS AMERICA
By Hudson Maxim
CALIFORNIA THE WONDERFUL By Edwin Markham
A call to arms against war. Written in a vigorous, con- The New York Times says:
vincing style, its preachments are having a wide appeal.
The Philadelphia Public Ledger says:
“California has not had a more vivid and exalted exposition
"A powerful book on an imminent and national problem
than given in this book. Long before finishing the book one
that every thinking citizen should read with care." Illustrated.
is filled with a desire to view the wonders so eloquently
Price, $2.00 net.
described." Illustrated. Price, $2.50 net.
1,001 TESTS OF FOODS, BEVERAGES AND TOILET CHARM OF THE ANTIQUE
ACCESSORIES
By Harvey W. Wiley, M. D.
By Robert and Elizabeth Shackleton
A health-guard and
money-saver to every woman who runs
a house. A "Who's Who" of prominent products. The book
A book of the present-day possibilities for simple expenditure.
tells, not only what to avoid, but what to put on the pantry It is full of the pleasant experiences and triumphs of col.
shelf. Illustrated. Price, $1.25 net.
lecting. Illustrated. Price, $2.50 net.
HEARST'S INTERNATIONAL LIBRARY CO., 119 West 40th St., New York


192
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
Pamphlet Cases
BOOKS OF REAL
INTEREST
Made of Bass Wood Covered with Marbled Paper

PRICES: No.0, 97x7x3 inches outside, 15 cents each
No. I-II x7x3 inches outside, 20 cents each
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These may be covered with cloth for 10 cents extra.
Write for Catalog of Library Supplies
DEMOCRAT PRINTING COMPANY
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A Text-Book of the War
J. WM. WHITE.
$1.00 net
Contains the vital facts and arguments under-
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Éuropean War. “Of the many books of this
type it is one of the best." —New York Evening
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Seeing America
LOGAN MARSHALL
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Describes all the important cities and places
of scenic interest, and the two Panama Ex-
positions that mark the country's progress and
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The Cry for Justice
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An anthology of the literature of social protest.
Inspiring to every thinking man and woman; a
stimulus to all students of social conditions and
to all interested in human justice. 955 pages.
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Napoleon in Exile at St. Helena
NORWOOD YOUNG. 2 vols. $7.00 net
A history of Napoleon's exile on St. Helena,
after his Waterloo. Mr. Young is a thorough
Napoleonic scholar. 2 vols. 715 pages. Cloth;
gilt edges. 100 illustrations.
Napoleon in Exile at Elba
NORWOOD YOUNG.
$3.50 net
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350 pages. Cloth; gilt edges. 50 illustrations.
The Tower of London
RENE FRANCIS.
$5.00 net
A sumptuous volume which emphasizes the
historical aspect of the Tower of London. Illus-
trated with 20 colortypes and etched frontis-
piece. 270 pages letter press, 934 x 1234 inches.
Cloth; gilt top.
Story of Edinburgh Castle
LEWIS WIERTER.
$5.00 net
A romantic history illustrated by the author
with 24 drawings, 16 in colors. 256 pages letter-
press, 9 x 122 inches. Cloth.
The Factories and Other Lyrics
MARGARET WIDDEMER.
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Miss Widdemer has the poet's insight into
many moods and many times, and withal the
gift of spontaneous and haunting music. 128
pages. Cloth.
“AT MCCLURG'S”
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In addition to these books we
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1915)
193
THE DIAL
PETER PARAGON
A TALE OF YOUTH
By John Palmer
A great many authors have written A Tale of Youth, but very few have written it so
exquisitely as John Palmer. His novel, baldly stated, is John Paragon's childhood, his
boyhood, his youth, his early, tentative love affairs, and his final wonderful love story.
But describing “ Peter Paragon” thus is like trying to describe a beautiful picture in
mathematical terms. "Peter Paragon” is written as Galsworthy or Thurston write,
with a deliberate choice of words and shades of meaning, a careful brevity, a beauti-
ful artistry, that make the written page a thing of art, and the reading of it a delight.
It is not easy to prophesy regarding a book, but “ Peter Paragon” is going to be heard
of. $1.35 net.
THE LATER
LIFE
By Louis Couperus
Author of “Small Souls”
The story is told without any thrills or
throbs, points no moral, culminates in no
climax. But by reason of countless minute
touches, each laid on with marvellous ac-
curacy and skill, the author presents not a
story about people more or less real — but
the people themselves, real, living, with
their motives, their characters, their hid-
den springs of action laid bare. $1.35 net.
THE OLD ORDER
CHANGETH
By Archibald Marshall
Author of " Exton Manor," etc.
The plot centres about the Marquis of
Meadshire, the last of an old and impor-
tant family, who is forced to sell his estate
to a self-made man of millions. The con-
trast of the old aristocracy of birth and the
new aristocracy of money is very cleverly
brought out. And the novel has the same
leisurely charm and the same keen delinea-
tion of human nature which have charac-
terized the novels of Mr. Marshall. $1.35
net.
THE REAL ARGENTINE:
Notes and Impressions of a year in the Argentine and Uruguay
By J. A. Hammerton
Unique in that it presents an accurate and unvarnished account of these countries. But
while the description is unvarnished, it is drawn by a man who has the faculty of making
everything that he sees interesting. Says the distinguished English critic, Sir W. Rob-
ertson Nicoll, “ It is out of sight the best book ever written on the Argentine.” Illus-
trated, $2.50 net.
BERNARD SHAW: A Critical Study. By P. P. Howe
Shaw from many points of view - as a political economist, as a dramatist and as a poet.
$2.00 net.
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W. B. YEATS: A Critical Study.
By Forrest Reid
Traces the development of Yeats from his early poems, through his prose work, plays
for the Irish theatre, to his later lyrics. $2.00 net.
MAURICE MAETERLINCK: A Critical Study. By Una Taylor
A scholarly criticism of Maeterlinck as a poet, playwright and philosopher. $2.00 net.
An Illustrated Catalogue of New Books sent upon application
Publishers
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New York


194
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL

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WEBSTER'S
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Little Miss Muffet Abroad
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A Captain of the Vanished Fleet
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198
(Sept. 19, 1915
THE DIAL
New and Forthcoming Macmillan Books
NEW HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY
HENRY CODMAN POTTER. By GEORGE
HODGES. The official biography of Bishop Potter.
Ready in October
THE LIFE OF CLARA BARTON. By PERCY
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OLD DELABOLE. By EDEN PHILLPOTTS. A
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THE EXTRA DAY. By ALGERNON BLACK-
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HEART'S KINDRED. By ZONA GALE. A new
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GOD'S PUPPETS. By WILLIAM ALLEN WHITE.
Intimate stories of life at first hand.
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HISTORY OF THE NORWEGIAN PEOPLE.
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chapter on Norwegians in America. 2 vols. $8.00
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AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS
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On sale wherever
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THE DIAL
A Fortnightly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
Vol. LIX.
SEPTEMBER 16, 1915
No. 701
CONTENTS.
PAGE
BOOKS OF THE COMING SEASON
199
.
.
.
JOHN GALSWORTHY. Edward E. Hale 201
CASUAL COMMENT
203
A surprising abundance of “best novels in the
English language."— Endowments that aid
the cause of good literature.-A statesman's
literary recreations.— Revived interest in
Russian literature.— Literary hints to the
vacant-minded.—Wars devastation in the
field of letters and learning.—The sifting of
literature.—The birth-pangs of a universal
language.- Book-buying in times of stress.
-A continuation of the Tauchnitz series.
COMMUNICATIONS
. 207
The Imperishable Elements of Poetry. Louis
C. Marolf.
The College Commercialized. Clark S.
Northup.
A Friend of Petrarch's. Theodore Stanton.
The Michigan Dutch in Fiction. H. Houston
Peckham.
SENSE AND NONSENSE ABOUT BERNARD
SHAW. Archibald Henderson
210
INCOME AND ITS DISTRIBUTION IN THE
UNITED STATES. David Y. Thomas 212
EMERSON STUDIED FROM HIS JOURNALS.
Charles Milton Street
214
.
BOOKS OF THE COMING SEASON.
In the preface to his latest but we hope not
his last book Mr. Ford Madox Hueffer takes
occasion to defend his reminiscent and anec-
dotal style by saying: “But readability, as
far as I have observed its effects upon myself,
has seemed always to resolve itself into relat-
ing anecdotes and drawing morals from those
anecdotes." The prominence given to biog-
raphy and reminiscences in the book-lists ap-
pended to this as to previous" announcement"
numbers of THE DIAL finds ample justification
in the natural and praiseworthy interest so
generally felt by readers in this important
branch of literature. And though the forth-
coming books of this sort are somewhat fewer
in number this autumn than a year ago, they
include rather more works of unusual attrac-
tiveness. For instance, what lover of inti-
mate biography can read with unquickened
pulse the announcement of the “Life, Letters,
and Journals of John Muir," or of Maxim
Gorky's "My Childhood," or of Mr. Richard
Whiteing's "My Harvest "? Rather more
formal in structure, one expects, but little less
appealing, or even more so to certain readers,
will be " The Life and Letters of John Hay
as edited in two volumes by Mr. William Ros-
coe Thayer; and the "Reminiscences" of Dr.
Lyman Abbott, already known to “Outlook"
readers; and, again, Mr. Putnam's “Memo-
ries of a Publisher," being the third instal-
ment of his notable autobiography. “ The
Life of Clara Barton," by Mr. Percy H. Epler,
will not fail of a cordial reception at this
time; nor will the biography of Bishop Potter,
by Dr. Hodges, fall still-born from the press;
and those who of late have read with eager
curiosity "What I Found Out" and "Memories
of the Kaiser's Court” will turn with anticipa-
tory relish to "My Years at the Austrian
Court," by Miss Nellie Ryan, while the col-
lected chapters of the Infanta Eulalia's
"Court Life from Within” will give hours of
entertainment to unnumbered readers. Among
other promising titles in this general class are
Emma Darwin: A Century of Family Let-
ters, 1792 to 1896," " The Life and Times of
Tennyson," by the late Professor Lounsbury,
.
.
•
.
SLAVE-HOLDING INDIANS IN THE CIVIL
WAR. Walter L. Fleming .
216
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY CRITICAL ES.
SAYS. J. Paul Kaufman
218
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne 219
NOTES ON NEW NOVELS
221
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
222
Germany's point of view in the European
- Memories of an artist, author, and
diplomat.-A recently discovered “ Mona
Lisa.”- Fundamentals of English language
and literature.—Triumphs of tropical sanita-
tion.-A storehouse of horticultural informa-
tion.-A study of the soliloquy in German
drama.-A Revolutionary hero and martyr.
BRIEFER MENTION
226
war.-
NOTES
226
.
.
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS . .228
(A classified list of the new books planned
for publication during the coming Fall and
Winter season.)
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
243


200
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
"On the Trail of Stevenson," by Mr. Clayton Lafcadio Hearn. "The Cambridge History of
Hamilton, “ The Story of Yone Noguchi,” told English Literature” reaches its twelfth vol-
by himself and illustrated by Mr. Yoshio ume in “ The Romantic Revival,” the recept
Markino, " The Story of a Pioneer," by Dr. achievements in letters of a brave little people
Anna Howard Shaw, “Vagrant Memories," are related in Mr. Jethro Bithell's “ Contem-
by Mr. Winter, and, in short, to any reader of porary Belgian Literature,” Dr. John Ers-
broad sympathies, too many others to be in kine's treatise on “ The Moral Obligation to
cluded in so restricted a notice as this.
be Intelligent” ought to be worth reading,
Allied to biography, though lacking the pre-
Mr. James Huneker's "Ivory Apes and Pea-
dominant personal interest, stands history; cocks” arouses curiosity, and Mr. Forrest S.
and here the eye is arrested by such richly Lunt will have proved himself a master of
promising works as Mr. Hilaire Belloc's “High pithy brevity if his “ Shakespeare Explained
Lights of the French Revolution,” Mr. Nor. (for only sixty cents) fulfils the promise of
wood Young's “Napoleon in Exile at St. its title.
Helena,” Dr. Knut Gjerset's “ History of the In poetry, new and old, there is not exactly
Norwegian People,” Mr. Edward Hutton's an embarrassment of riches. A collection of
“Attila and His Huns,” and the results of Mr. the verses of the Brontë sisters and their
George Bird Grinnell's researches concerning scapegrace brother is put forth with an in-
* The Fighting Cheyennes: A History of a troduction by Mr. A. C. Benson. George
Great and Typical Indian Tribe.” Also note- Borrow's "Welsh Ballads and Poems" is pub-
worthy is the announcement of an English lished in a limited edition with preface by
version of Treitschke's famous historical frag- | Mr. Ernest Rhys. In the “New Poetry
ment (voluminous enough to be a complete Series" one notes especially a fresh volume by
work), “ The History of Germany in the 19th Mrs. Marks (Josephine Preston Peabody),
Century," and of a less celebrated writer's entitled simply, “New Poems.” Mr. Chester-
account of “The Fall of Tsingtau.” Dr. Mor- ton has a book of “Poems,” Lord Curzon a
ris Jastrow's “ Civilization of Babylonia and number of “War Poems, and Other Transla-
Assyria " offers the certainty of solid satisfac- tions,” and a book of “Belgian Patriotic
tion to scholarly readers. Among books of Poems," by M. Emile Cammaerts, makes its
a less strictly historical nature, and offering timely appearance in translation. Mr. Mo-
promise of autobiographic touches, is a collec- sher's “Lyra Americana
sher's “Lyra Americana" includes as its first
tion of “The Letters of Washington Irving to volumes: “The Rose-Jar," by Mr. Thomas S.
Henry Brevoort, 1807 to 1843," edited by Mr. Jones, Jr., "A Handful of Lavender," by Miss
George S. Hellman. Another enticing volume Lizette Woodworth Reese, and “The Rose
of like character presents itself in “Some of from the Ashes,” by Miss Edith M. Thomas.
the Correspondence of Sir Arthur Helps," Printed plays are far more abundant now
and we are told that autobiographic revela- than formerly, and there are some good things
tion abounds in Mr. A. C. Benson's “Escape, of this sort for the armchair theatre-goer; for
and Other Essays.” But this brings us to the example: “The Faithful,” by Mr. Masefield,
gateway of another large domain in the realm “ The Immigrants,” by Mr. Mackaye, Mr. Ar-
of letters, conveniently and comprehensively thur Symons's "Tragedies," and Mr. Stephen
styled, “ General Literature."
Phillips's war epic in dramatic form, "Arma-
Here one notes “New Essays,” by M. Mau- geddon." Translations from M. Brieux and
rice Maeterlinck, “Incense and Iconoclasm,” M. Claudel, with other by no means negligible
by Mr. Charles Leonard Moore (no new name pieces, enrich the list. Moreover, Professor
in these pages), “Visions and Beliefs," by George P. Baker writes expertly on “The
Lady Gregory, “Ideals and Realities in Rus- Technique of the Drama,” and Mr. Thomas
sian Literature," by Prince Kropotkin, “Six H. Dickinson on “The Case of American
French Poets," by Miss Amy Lowell, “The Drama,” while Mr. Vachel Lindsay's book on
Modern Study of Literature," by Professor The Art of the Moving Picture” should
Moulton, “A Quiet Corner in a Library," by prove instructive and timely. “The History
Mr. William Henry Hudson, and (dare one of the Harlequinade," by Mr. Maurice Sand,
hope it contains something new to print?) in two volumes with colored illustrations, can
"Interpretations of English Literature," by hardly fail to be diverting, at least; and there


1915)
201
THE DIAL
is no lack of other books about things theatri-
JOHN GALSWORTHY.
cal, including guides to the attainment of
fame and fortune by the writing of plays.
When he just sits (to parody his own
John Muir's "Travels in Alaska" will be a
words) seeing Life and getting the full of
it, - those are the moments that I think are
favorite among the books of travel and de-
precious to John Galsworthy. There have
scription, and “Kipling's India," by Mr.
been things said about him which implied
Arley Munson, will attract by its very title. that he offered no distilled moral (how clear
“ The Lure of San Francisco” will find many and beautiful such distillations sometimes
readers among Panama Exposition visitors are!),– no message, no regular conclusions
and would-be visitors. Mrs. Hugh Fraser's concerning life; and such things are doubt-
“Storied Italy" offers evident attractions, as
less true. To Mr. Galsworthy life is an ad-
does Mr. Norman Douglas's “Old Calabria.”
venture; he goes about - or rather he used
Works of hardly less interest, though of an
to go about — “wondering with a sort of
warm half-fearful eagerness what sort of new
entirely different sort, meet the eye in glanc- thread Life was going to twine into his skein.”
ing down the list of books on public affairs; There might be message, moral, conclusions
they include such products of observation and in his work, but he did not himself deliver the
reflection and personal experience as Mr. message, draw the conclusions, enforce the
Paul Elmer More's "Aristocracy and Jus-
moral; he left it to the public to do whatever
tice," Mr. Taft's “Ethics in Service," and
of that sort of thing they might wish and be
able to do.
Mr. John Spargo's “Marxian Socialism and
Yet at first his own feelings and thoughts
Religion.” In the departments of religion
and theology, of art and architecture and seemed very " modern,” for he seemed always
were not much hidden. In earlier years he
music, of science, pure and applied, there is
to press upon the reader the thought that is
more offered to-day than was dreamed of in significant of our time (as perhaps of every
generations by our ancestors. Among other time): the difference between the new ideas
serious works, notable is the new group having and the old, between the radical and the con-
to do with “The Great War,” also the quite servative, the lover of liberty and the believer
dissimilar section devoted to “Woman and in authority, the free-thinker and the tradi-
the Home.” If the year's book-product should tionalist, the bohemian and the citizen, the
be found to fall, for obvious reasons, a little adventurer and the home-lover, — between
short of the recent average, its variety is those, in fine, who believe in holding to the
likely to exceed that average.
good and beautiful things that have come to
us from the past and those who want always
Finally, and in the place of honor on this to stretch out to the new.
programme of the coming literary entertain- How clear that was in the earlier books!
ment, a word about the new novels. Selec- The absolute content with received conven-
tion is too much a matter of personal bias tions and ideas portrayed in “ The Island
to be indulged in without caution by a hasty Pharisees,” the stupefied self-satisfaction of
reviewer of titles; but confidence will not be the upper middle class in “ The Man of Prop-
misplaced if reposed in such virtual certain. erty," the entire enclosure in their own coun-
ties of worth as Judge Grant's “The High try life of the landed gentry in “ The Country
Priestess," Mr. Galsworthy's "The Freelands,"
House," the high-minded consciousness of
the aristocracy that they were the life of the
Sir Gilbert Parker's “The Money Master,” nation in “The Patrician,” – it covered all
and Mrs. Ward's “Eltham House." “ The
the upper ranges of the social world, show-
Research Magnificent," by Mr. Wells, “The ing it everywhere self-absorbed and self-com-
Fortunes of Garin," by Miss Johnston, “ The placent; its eyes blinded with fat, its head
'Genius,'” by Mr. Dreiser, “ The Little Iliad," stuck in the sand (to mix figures ridicu-
'
by Mr. Hewlett, and "A Young Man's Year," lously), its power of action atrophied through
by Mr. Anthony Hope Hawkins, are also safe
the specialization of its powers of self-appre-
ventures; nor does this exhaust the list. An
ciation. We read such things painfully. It
“Ivanhoe" may not lurk between the covers of
must be so, we think, in England; and if it is
so there (as this keen eye sees and records
every proffered romance, nor a “ Tom Jones”
it), most probably it is so here. Just this
in every work of realistic fiction; but the much, however, does not make Mr. Galsworthy
fashioning of pleasing imaginative narrative
a man specifically of our own time, for to
is not yet to be numbered among the lost arts. notice and record just these things has been
6
.


202
[ Sept. 16
THE DIAL
He pre-
the function of the satirist of all times. Mr. think of the passionate love between the girl
Galsworthy did something more.
of eighteen and the man of fifty! One might
sented not only the immense inertia of the easily think that the man had loved several
current life of our day, but he presented times before, and that the girl would prob-
those who had the newer spirit. He showed ably love several times afterward. And if
both sides. Into this world of conservatives, such be the case, it will hardly be worth while
home-lovers, patricians, are somehow born to give up much for the present passion,-
radicals, adventurers, wanderers of the spirit, or even, one might think, to feel it very
bohemians. They strive against their sur- deeply. It cannot be helped : life is often like
roundings, perhaps, and either are broken that; we must, of course, be interested, even
and subdued or somehow make their escape. absorbed, but we need not be outraged.
At any rate they show us the rift.
So much (yet how very little!) may be
But if Mr. Galsworthy differs from the said of the novelist; nor in general, we may
many iconoclasts of the day — and of course believe, would there be a very different im-
he does - it is chiefly that however much he pression from the works of the dramatist,
may see of what is wrong in the present state save that, as he comes later, we shall not find
of things he also feels keenly how much it has
our ironic spectator of the divisions and mal-
that is beautiful. And because he does feel so adjustments of society engaged in viewing
strongly that there is so much that is beauti- exactly the same things. Then the drama is
ful in this world which is yet not right, his more impersonal, more condensed; we have
thinking had a peculiar character: it was less or even no comment, or of that descrip-
deeply marked with irony. He was not like tion that goes for comment. Still the impres-
Mr. Wells, who would cheerfully undertake ,sion is not very different: complacency and
the contract of remaking the universe nearer incongruity and rebellion in many different
to the heart's desire. He would not, perhaps, forms, but never an adjustment.
even shatter it to bits. What would be the And how about the poet and the essayist!
good ? Hence his radicals, wanderers, bohe- Here, perhaps, will he be a bit more personal
mians were never effective people. Ferrand, and tell us what he really thinks? Shall we
Courtenay, Miltoun, Bosinney do themselves not find in the poetry and essay something
live, but they accomplish little for anybody which will resolve the problems of the fiction
else. Almost the only person whose acts and and the drama? I hardly think so. We shall
utterances we instinctively feel are right, certainly find the personal position definitely
though generally unintelligible, is felt by all put, indeed so obviously that it is no longer
around him to be crazy.
any fun looking for it in the novels and the
Such was the earlier Galsworthy. Nor plays. It is like an arithmetic with a key,
shall we think that later years will have a text with a trot, a book of conundrums with
changed anything so fundamental; only he all the answers.
It is proper to advise the
need not say over again what he has said reader to be careful about beginning on
before. There may also be development; we the essays and the poems: one should read the
may easily imagine that a man who first saw novels and plays first to really get the fun
certain antagonisms in the social life of his out of them.
time, will easily come to feel that such antag- Unless, of course, one really wants to know
onisms are fundamental in life itself. It is a what is actually the case with life. It may be
necessity that there should be some such that one really wants to know the answer to
antagonism. And hence it is that the later this question of the day, this problem of mod.
books deal more broadly with the matter, and er life,—the difficulties of our social adjust-
also more narrowly.
ment. It is often not so: one reads and
His later books and his plays have not so reads with pleasure at seeing difficulties that
much to say of the radical individual and the one realizes in life, but without any real
conservatism of classes. They do not even intention of striving after a solution of them.
deal with the conservatism of society in gen- Solutions, answers, reconstructions, are diffi-
eral. They show, for example, how people in cult things in practice.
love come up against the institution of mar- Nor, indeed, has Mr. Galsworthy, as we
riage. But perhaps it is not even this that have seen, any intention of looking for solu-
they show; they may show merely some deeptions or suggesting reconstructions. More and
antinomy in life whereby people in love come more, as he has gone on and on, has he been
up against, not the institution of marriage content to see life and get the full of it. He
only, but the limits and possibilities of human writes about current life indeed, but he offers
nature and human thought as well. In “The no " distilled moral," no "true conclusions of
Dark Flower,” for instance, what can we premises regularly laid down." He holds up


1915]
203
THE DIAL
his lantern in the night of convention, or igno- fact, being himself the striving and the push-
rance, or indifference, or whatever else pre- ing, the directions and the cross-purposes, and
vents us from seeing life as it is; and if we also the people. With such a philosophy it
see thereby disagreeable things, that is not would be very natural to offer no solutions to
his fault, for it is not with us that he is any problem, because one solution is quite as
concerned.
good as another in the long run.
Or at least so he says, “ To set before the And after all, life is a spendid thing. Mr.
public the phenomena of life and character, Galsworthy seems to have mellowed a bit with
selected and combined, but not distorted," the passing years.
He was never acrid or
that is one course for the dramatist to pur- bitter, but in the older days he was generally -
sue; and it is so nearly like what he does ironic. Now he is broader in his sympathy
himself that we may believe he speaks of it or in his love. He has no villains; he has
with approval.
This method, he goes on, many who seem inordinately stupid, tedious,
" * requires a certain detachment; it requires a dull, narrow, selfish, but they generally have
sympathy with, a love of, and a curiosity as something nice about them for all that. They
to, things for their own sake," and such de- do all kinds of things; they are hot-tempered,
tachment, sympathy, love, curiosity, it is weak, silly, hasty, irrational, brave, loving,
pretty clear that Mr. Galsworthy has.
but never simply malignant or malevolent. It
It is not so clear, however, that he views is a long time since we have had one who
human life and human suffering dispassion- came so near the great satirist of an earlier
ately, without prepossession, with equanim- day who gave us his view of partial evil and
ity, “simply as manifestations of life.” One
One universal good. We may gather that in this
should select and combine but not distort, case, às in that, we have more of a literary
doubtless; yet some selection and combina- than a philosophic view; but that is a very
tion is virtual distortion. Take Mr. Gals-y good thing, for it is literature with which we
worthy's presentations of love and marriage: are dealing. It is certainly no philosophic
according to what principle of selection and view that Mr. Galsworthy means to offer us;
combination is it that, in his work, love is he will be satisfied if he can make us see with
usually outside of marriage and marriage him
without love? There may not be any dis- “ The glory, jest, and riddle of the world."
tilled moral there, or a true conclusion; but
EDWARD E. HALE.
if it be not a distortion of the facts of life, it
is clearly such an arrangement of them as is
formed by a preconceived ideal. That is
CASUAL COMMENT.
natural enough, - nothing more so; only the
man who views life in that way ceases to be A SURPRISING ABUNDANCE OF “BEST NOVELS
a mere observer, and becomes something of a IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE is revealed by
special pleader. Or take the question of the answers of noted living novelists to a question
old order and the new: how is it that most sent out by the New York “Times," which
of the characters with whom we sympathize, has invited these novelists to name the six
those who seem mostly to the author's mind, best novels in our tongue. The indecisive
are the adventurers, the lovers of freedom, results of any such investigation might have
the unrestrainable, while the representatives been foreseen, and probably were foreseen;
of the older order are commonly rigid, nar- but as a midsummer amusement the under-
row, stupid, and generally rather ridiculous! taking was commendable enough, especially
Certainly we shall hardly imagine it any when any wholesome distraction from the
other way; but do not let us be cajoled by dominant horror of the hour is welcome. In
Mr. Galsworthy's suppositions that he merely the expressed preferences of a goodly com-
loves and observes life. He does observe it pany of English and American writers of fic-
and love it, but he has very strong feelings tion, the only approach to unanimity is found
about it; and if he does not urge opinions in a considerable appreciation of the merits
about it, it must be because his mind is such of “Tom Jones," and in a general denial of
as not to form any, or such that be believes surpassing excellence to American novels,
them of no use. For a philosophy he seems except “The Scarlet Letter." One writer
to have, namely (if one can put such a thing shows admiration for me
James (no
into a sentence), that it is by an immense longer an Americar
"laments
amount of pushing and striving, in all direc- that after “Dais
into
tions and at all kinds of cross-purposes and logomachy
by all sorts of people mixed up together, that producing a ş
the purpose of God is carried out, - God, in Lapham
gr
an


204
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
but it is plain that, except Hawthorne, we crowning glory of a public library to be able
have no novelist comparable, in the estima- to meet. Wealthy philanthropists might find
tion of living novelists, with Scott and Dick- here a hint as to one method of escaping the
ens and Thackeray. Mr. E. Phillips Oppen- disgrace of dying rich.
heim wanders strangely from the question
by including in his list Tolstoy's "Anna A STATESMAN'S LITERARY RECREATIONS were
Karenina,” and Canon Hannay ("George more wont in former times than now to in-
Birmingham ") impairs confidence in his clude rambles in the classics, with perhaps
judgment by placing “The Moonstone ” in an occasional excursion into authorship on
the same_company with “Rob Roy" and some subject of Greek or Latin literature or
“Vanity Fair." He also casts a vote for the archæology, or a trial of one's hand at turn-
innocuous and entertaining “Barchestering into English an ode of Horace or an idyl
Towers," while next above it stands “ The of Theocritus. Gladstone's Homeric studies
Wreckers." Both the thrill of romance and were the refreshment of his spare hours
the moderate titillation of an everyday story through years of intense application to the
seem to be dear to the Canon of St. Patrick's. graver concerns of public policy and admin-
From the lists as a whole it is sufficiently evi- istration. The Earl of Derby's verse transla-
dent that there are in our language many tion of the “Iliad,” published after he had
more than six novels acceptable to refined been twice prime minister and when he was
taste and critical judgment.
soon to hold that high office a third time,
marked him as a statesman of distinguished
ENDOWMENTS THAT AID THE CAUSE OF GOOD
attainments in letters. In our own country
LITERATURE by making it more generally an instance of able statesmanship united with
accessible cannot be too generous or too many.
classical and literary acquirements readily
One form that they might oftener take than presents itself in the person of John D. Long,
they do is found in those special bequests or who died on the 28th of August. His metri-
gifts to public libraries for the purchase of cal version of the “ Æneid” came out while
such works as might otherwise be unprocura-
he was lieutenant-governor of Massachusetts,
ble. The Boston Public Library, for instance, and just before he entered upon his three
has trust funds amounting to $154,533, the years' governorship of that State. But he
income from which may be used only for had written and published verse long before
books in special classes of literature to be that date. A booklet, entitled "At the Fire.
placed in certain designated departments; side,” was made up of a selection from these
also a fund of $121,750 is in its keeping for poems.
He was also author of “The New
the purchase of books of "permanent value” American Navy," "After-dinner and Other
only. Other endowment funds, more than a Speeches," and a history of the Republican
quarter-million in amount, are unrestricted party. A few years ago "The Outlook” was
New York's great free library enjoys similar enlivened by Mr. Long's reminiscences, in
advantages, on an even larger scale. While
While serial form, and he could have produced a
the city provides the main building and its voluminous work of that nature, full of inter-
site, with suitable sites for the Carnegie est, for he had a remarkable memory and the
branches, and pays running expenses and gift of vivid and telling narrative. To his
bills for the books in general circulation, the native town, Buckfield, Maine, he gave in
valuable special collections and the great ref. 1901 a free library in memory of his father,
erence library in the main building are sup- Zadoc Long, who, like his son after him, was
plied from the Astor, Lenox, and Tilden of a literary turn, wrote verses, taught school,
foundations and other endowments; and large and engaged in politics. The late ex-Secre-
additional gifts of this nature are received tary of the Navy was within two months of
from time to time. Librarian Brett of the his seventy-seventh birthday when he died.
Cleveland Public Library, in his current re-
port, deplores the lack of any such permanent REVIVED INTEREST IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE is
funds for the prosecution of his work as are noted of late in England, where no interna-
enjoyed by Boston and New York, and also tional copyright law checks the free intro-
by Philadelphia, Baltimore, St. Paul, New duction of Gorky and Garshin, of Kuprin and
Haven, and oney mayrored cities. Cleveland Korolenko, and of dozens more, to the English
furnishuy in life whereby nie branches, also a reader in the form of unauthorized transla-
mai against, not the instituund on which it tions. Just as the Crimean War aroused out-
only, but the limits and possib.with New York side interest in the empire of the Romanoffs
nature and human thought as wnds for those and its affairs, with a consequent English
Dark Flower," for instance, wh it is the version of “Dead Souls” and “Annals of a


1915)
205
THE DIAL
Sportsman ” and other Russian books, so the taining, not "the hundred best books,” but
present war is turning men's eyes anew upon "one hundred books worth reading,' dupli-
the country so conspicuous in the struggle cates of which are available, for circulation.
and so much less familiar to us than its west- Here, in bright array, the masterpieces of
ern neighbors. Hence the timeliness of sun- George Eliot and Dickens and Hawthorne
dry translations from the Russian that are and other novelists, with Motley's “ Dutch
now appearing But a deeper reason for Republic" and Emerson's “Essays" and
Anglo-Saxon welcome of Slavic literature is Francis Fisher Browne's “Abraham Lincoln,"
found by a writer in "The New Statesman.” and scores of other excellent works, silently
Mr. Julius West detects "a distinct affinity extend their cordial invitation to each and
between English and Russian literature, all; and it is an invitation that is doubtless
closer than that between English and French, gladly accepted more times in a year than can
and perhaps as close as that between English well be counted. The psychology of adver-
and American." Certain it is, if booksellers' tising has taught the value of this persistent
reports are to be trusted, that an unusual and reiterated appeal exerted by a skilfully
demand for English novels in the original is arranged and permanent display of some of
now making itself heard in Russia. Other “the best that has been known and said in
striking illustrations of Russian liking for and the world.”
understanding of English and also American
authors are offered by Mr. West. England's
WAR'S DEVASTATION IN THE FIELD OF LET-
present relations with Russia, it might be TERS AND LEARNING has never been so great
added, are so much more cordial than the as in this present conflict, partly because
relations existing at the time of the Crimean
there never before has been so great a war,
War, that a far warmer reception for Russian and still more because no previous war has
books may be predicted than that accorded to involved to such an extent the foremost na-
Gogol and a few of his compatriots sixty years
tions of the civilized world. A single news
ago. In this connection let it be said that item from the Frankfurter Zeitung is illus-
now would be an excellent time to arrive at trative: "Oriental scholarship in Germany
some uniformity of practice in the trans- has suffered a severe loss in the death, on the
literating of Russian authors' names. Great
Great battlefield, of three of its most prominent
Britain has at least three “authorized” sys- exponents, Dr. Erich Graefe, Hermann Thor-
tems: that approved by the Liverpool School ning, and Ewald Lüders. Dr. Graefe, whose
of Russian Studies, that endorsed by the
brilliant work in Semitic languages, and
Royal Geographical Society, and that used in especially in the dialects current in Egypt,
the British Museum Catalogue. Until west-
had already marked him out for a high posi-
ern Europe can limit itself to somewhat fewer tion in the Hamburg Seminary, fell in the
than eight different ways of spelling the name
battle on the Marne: Thorning, whose in-
of the author of “ Virgin Soil," there will con-
vestigations into the Islamitic brotherhood of
tinue to be trouble and vexation of spirit.
the Dervishes cast new light upon the rela-
tionship of that order to Western European
LITERARY HINTS TO THE VACANT-MINDED,
religious institutions, was killed at Esternay;
stimulating prods to the vacuous visitors of
and Lüders, a specialist in Oriental jurispru-
public libraries who have but the vaguest and
dence, was slain at Vitry-le-François.” When
most nebulous desires in the direction of read-
the end is reached and the death-lists are all
ing matter for (let us say) the approaching in, there will be a staggering array of talent
Sunday or holiday, are unobtrusively and
and genius lost to the world. And yet we
effectively administered by means of sundry
still hear an occasional voice raised in behalf
devices known to library workers. An open
of the insane delusion that all this slaughter
will somehow result in cultural progress!
case of well-selected and externally attractive
books sometimes confronts, with its eloquent
appeal, the entering visitor. Illustrated ad- THE SIFTING OF LITERATURE presents diffi-
vertising matter from the publishing houses, culties and dangers comparable in magnitude
with a selection of the most artistic or strik- with those encountered of old by that famous
ing paper jackets that protect and adorn our personage with the tongue-trying name,
current publications, may occasionally be Theophilus the Thistle-sifter. Though the
seen serving the purpose of lure and sugges-
thick of the thumb be not imperilled by any
tion to the undecided book-seeker. In a cer- such book-winnowing process as is attempted
tain city library a thousand miles from on another page, there is great likelihood of
Chicago the librarian has put on permanent error of judgment, or of prophecy in this
exhibition in the delivery room a case con- instance, since it is the books of the future,


206
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
not of the past, that are here run through the linguistic conglomerate" than that it will
sieve. On far surer ground stands such a unite upon some one existing language, as
practitioner of the sifting art as the compiler English. Mediæval use of Latin and later
of Best Books of 1914," a list issued by the employment of French as a European medium
New York State Library as “Bibliography may be regarded as indicative of the nature
Bulletin 56," and containing two hundred of future practice in this respect.
and fifty titles in all branches of literature,
with brief descriptive annotations. Narrow- BOOK-BUYING IN TIMES OF STRESS, when
ing the more comprehensive suggestions money is scarce and prices are high, might be
offered by the “A. L. A. Booklist,” which expected to fall off. A year of war has passed
annually presents one thousand selected titles, over Europe, but in one at least of the coun-
this shorter catalogue compiled by Mr. Wyer tries involved the book trade is said to be far
and his associates is the ripened fruit of a from languishing. A survey of this trade in
somewhat elaborate and wisely cautious proc- England for the last twelve months is printed
ess of tentative selection and well-considered in the London "Times," and the reading of
elimination, as explained by Mr. Wyer in a it is by no means so depressing as one would
prefatory note. Experts in all fields of learn- have feared. Certain London firms have suf-
ing represented by the books of the year, fered, it is true, and many works of substan-
including experienced heads of juvenile de tial value (and price) have met with a cooler
partments in our public libraries, are called reception than would have been accorded them
upon for advice, and the result is a book- in times of peace. On the other hand, cheap
purchasing guide especially suited to the reprints and current novels, as also books on
needs of libraries unable to buy with the the war and kindred topics, have gone like
lavish indiscrimination possible only to the hot cakes. And if the American market for
wealthiest foundations. The Albany list is works ordinarily published simultaneously on
classified, and is followed by an alphabetic both sides of the Atlantic has been rather
index to authors and titles.
weak, the Russian demand for English books,
especially inexpensive novels, has been un-
THE BIRTH-PANGS OF A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE usually strong, so strong as to direct attention
are excruciating in the extreme if such agon- anew to the desirability of a copyright treaty
ies as the world is now witnessing are neces- between the two countries. Our own popular
sary for the ultimate evolution of a common novelists, those already in favor with English
medium of verbal expression. Dr. Frank H. readers, do not seem to have suffered diminu-
Vizetelly, whose book on “Essentials of En- tion of that favor because of war conditions.
glish Speech and Literature” is reviewed on
another page, and whose editorship of one of A CONTINUATION OF THE TAUCHNITZ SERIES
our leading dictionaries gives to his utter- of standard works in the English language is
ances on language a certain authority, has now announced, after a year's suspension of
been interviewed by a New York “Times activity. But the general character of the
writer on certain aspects of the war in its books lately added to the Tauchnitz list is
relation to speech. Noting a number of inter- not exactly of the old order. In July of last
linguistic influences now at work, Dr. Vize- year the series stopped with number 4506.
telly took occasion to say: “ You cannot About twelve months later it was resumed
arbitrarily alter the language of nations. with number 4507, “The War and America,"
You cannot establish a universal language by by Professor Hugo Münsterberg, whose work
force any more than you can establish simpli- is described by the publisher as “a lucid and
fied spelling by force. The extraordinary convincing description of the present war
circumstances of the war, causing people to by the famous American psychologist and
take a wholly unprecedented interest in the Austausch-Professor [Exchange Professor)."
actions and speech of the people of other Number 4508 is “ The Austrian Officer at
nations, have of necessity led them to use Work and at Play, by Dorothea Gerard. A
terms from each other's languages. And so series of lively and clever sketches of the Aus-
we are brought nearer to a universal lan- trian army, by an Englishwoman married to
guage, a sort of interlinguistic conglomerate, an Austrian officer." Number 4509 is another
than we could ever get as a result of the book from the ready pen of the "Austausch-
activities of the advocates of Esperanto, Professor," —“The Peace and America.”
Volapük, or Ito." But there is far less likeli- New impressions of earlier issues are now
hood that the civilized world will ever adopt, coming out, it is reported. Will their authors
,
for international use, any such Lingua receive the customary honorarium from
Franca as seems to be meant by this “inter- Leipzig ?
")
a


1915)
207
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66
essence which baffles definition, and which borders
COMMUNICATIONS.
on the unknowable. It is, and must be, felt to be
THE IMPERISHABLE ELEMENTS OF POETRY. really known.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
In this large and broad field of pleasures, how
puny and dwarf-like appear our new poetry
As the quest eternal in the discussion of poetry
pipers of one note! And the little private gardens
has once more been touched upon, by Mr. John L.
they have staked out, in all the wide expanse, where
Hervey in your issue of August 15 last, I feel
but so many flowers of joy are permitted to vege-
prompted to suggest a few ideas which have helped
tate,— are they in accord with the all-inclusive
me in solving the question for myself. My refer, spirit of poetic art? They and their magazines
ence is to the communication entitled “ Bryant and
* The New Poetry,'
.'" and to the writer's query as
help us poor poetic democrats but little, in spite of
all the tempting lure they dangle before us. Main
to what are the perishable and the imperishable emphasis upon a limited and narrow definition of
elements of poetry.”
the essential elements of poetry is incompatible
Recently I was browsing through the chapter on
with true culture or poetic criticism. The ideal
poetry in Ernst Grosse's “ The Beginnings of Art”
lover and critic of Poetry should be susceptible to
(presumably a translation of a German work), and her charms no matter in what garb she appears
therein I found this definition of the art of song, among the sons of men. The breath of true poetry
which seems helpful at the present juncture: that passes over the Æolian harp of our hearts is
“ Poetry is the verbal representation of external not always of the same volume or intensity. I dare
or internal phenomena in an æsthetically effective say there are many lovers of poetry to whom a con-
form for an æsthetic purpose.” The latitude and
siderable part of Bryant, and not merely “ Thana-
the interpretation of this definition are indicated
topsis," and " The Water Fowl" minus the ending,
by the author himself in the following sentences : is of the divine essence, whatever it may be to a
“Verbal expression of feeling need only take on taste that can relish nothing except the green olives
an æsthetically effective form -- it requires only of poesy. And what poet is there who would not
rhythmical repetition for example – to be lyrical.” have ministered to the pleasures of the many as
“No feeling is in and of itself poetic, and there is well as the few or to the many rather than the
no feeling which cannot be made poetic if it is few? There are many poets who have just such
expressed in an æsthetic form for an æsthetic pur- immortality, but whose work has nevertheless an
pose.” Here we have the true critical catholicity aroma from the Happy Isles, faint and evanescent
or democracy, the tolerance of all forms of poetry, though it be. Or are we grown so callous that our
as I look at it. Objective ("external") and sub- jaded hearts can no longer respond to this lighter
jective (“ internal”) poetry, its form (“æstheti- touch? Such poets need never worry about the
cally effective"), and its aim (“æsthetic”), are " living" qualities of their work, nor need any
all included. Here is reference to the essence, one else do this service for them. As for me, I
" the imperishable element," of lyrical poetry, for hope ever to be broad enough in my appreciation
instance, -" rhythmical repetition," in one word of true poetry to recognize the Muse whether she
rhythm. It matters little whether we add other comes in the form of a dandelion or of an orchid.
embellishments to that one fundamental or not,-It has always seemed to me something of a mys-
whether or not we adorn it with metre, rhyme, fig- tery why this poetry which some of our contempo-
ures of speech, alliteration, blank verse or vers raries make so much over should be called “new."
libre, because
no feeling is in and of itself poetic, It can surely be so only in the sense of new again.
and there is no feeling which cannot be made I have a faint ink