ling this moment that somewhere
poetic if it is expressed in an [any] æsthetic form in the student-day past I was wont to grind out
for an (any] æsthetic purpose" (décadence, sym- specimens of something very like the “new poetry,”
bolism, the grotesque, the arabesque, romanticism, in my efforts to translate the choruses in the
classicism, or imagism). It is the fine balance “ Prometheus” of Æschylus, the “ Philoctetes” of
between undue restraint and lawless freedom, per- Sophocles, and the “Iphigenia” of Euripides, not
ceived only by the intuitively noblest minds to to mention the “Acharnians” of Aristophanes. I
whom the gift of song or true criticism hath been refer here only to the form, not to the quality of
granted, that we should doubly underscore here, these venerable ancestral prototypes; for there is
and not any one movement." I should therefore nothing of the ancient grandeur in the free
put the same thought in some such words as these : verse of to-day, as far as I have become familiar
“Poetry is the free-restrained substance and pre- with it. Then there are the odes of Horace, which
sentation of life in written language, capable of have some suspicious cadences in them that might
vivification by oral delivery." But the substance have served as links in the chain of development.
of life is quite generally conceded to be rhythm, Following this, we come upon the "Antike” of
either within the mind or without; and the pre- Goethe, and the “freien Rhythmen" so successfully
sentation of life is the necessary artistic illusion of employed by Schiller. In English literature itself
greater or lesser degree, commonly styled form. we find the same principle cropping out in the
When these two coincide in a unity as near as pos- so-called "irregular lines," "short lines," "imper-
sible to perfection, we have what might be called fect rhymes," and the like, up to the "Lycidas"
restrained freedom, the exquisite perception of type and the “Samson" choruses of our own
which is what in the last analysis betrays the true Milton. I do not know how others view these phe-
poem to the mind inclined and gifted to realize it. nomena in poetic development, but to me they have
This restrained freedom is a relative and variable appeared from the first as milestones along the


208
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
road leading from the rude chants of the primitive or frozen out of the class-room. The teacher who
poet to the product of the modern singer of vers thinks thus, who does not give his best to all who
libre. Of course there is not much to say as yet have a right to expect it, had better quit teaching
either for or against the latter, because it is still a or else go in for “graduate work.” To be sure,
ferment, and we have no definite means of knowing teaching the sixty- and fifty-per-centers is not fun,
what wine of joy it may eventually bring to clarity. any more than teaching the feeble-minded; yet
Some of it I enjoy to the full, but there is much of somebody must be found to do the work.
it which with the most conscientious effort I can- But the exceptionally bright man needs, as Mr.
not fathom. Still I shall be patient with it, in the Canby rightly insists, to be in a class by himself,
hope of some day being able to see the tiny germ of where the dullards will not hamper him and where
true poetry it harbors. The form, and most of the he can have the highest possible development. In
substance, is ancient, even primitive; but the sub-
this connection we find one of the baneful effects
stance gives, by reason of its insistent mentioning of “mediocrity” which Mr. Canby does not dis-
of things of to-day, a promise of a universality cuss. Many of the colleges have fallen under the
somewhat akin to the contemporary allusions of control of trustees who are not themselves college
the ancients, which have since become classic to our men or have lost the college point of view, and
generation. Only some such view as this is com- who, though doubtless acting with the best of
patible with the democratic spirit of true poetry. motives, have not sufficiently large and enlightened
We ought to be charitable to the “new," — or the views as to what the college and the university
old-new, if you please,, but we ought also to give should stand for. Large classes are obviously
and ask no quarter in our dealings with those who more economical from a pecuniary point of view;
assail the old. The devotee of “the new poetry' hence a tendency to sniff at graduate work, which
may require a certain eccentric over-emphasis to
entails small classes and a large expense per capita.
make his message felt, but we cannot passively per- The graduate school, in consequence, is allowed to
mit him to disparage and condemn that poetry shift for itself; sometimes the professor is allowed
which even feeds the tender rootlets of imagism to give graduate courses only after he has done a
and its ilk, which is still a part of our present-day full day's work with the undergraduates; some-
culture, and which is the only kind of poetry that times a professor whose ability lies chiefly in
can be appreciated to the full by the least of the graduate work is released in favor of one who is
lovers of true poetry. Louis C. MAROLF.
popular with undergraduates, and who is therefore
less expensive.
Wilton Junction, Iowa, Sept. 6, 1915.
The diminishing of the number of good teachers
is perhaps another direct result of the conditions
THE COLLEGE COMMERCIALIZED.
which make for “mediocrity." The growth of
(To the Editor of The DIAL.)
endowment funds has not kept pace with the
In his recent essay on “ The Colleges and growth of student bodies; hence the necessity for
Mediocrity” in “Harper's Magazine," Professor boards of trustees to cut down expenses where
Canby of Yale very ably discusses one of the great possible, and to increase salaries only when it be-
problems which have risen in consequence of the comes absolutely necessary to do so in order to
rapid influx of wealth into this country, namely, keep professors from going elsewhere. What the
the enormous increase in numbers of those who go result has been, every college teacher knows. With
to college without knowing why, and the difficulty the relative decline of the professor's salary has
of handling the crowds and at the same time doing come at least a corresponding decline of prestige,
justice to the exceptional man. I wish to set down for the “ mediocre ” mind judges hy materialistic
here some thoughts that have occurred to me as I standards; and now the bright graduate goes in
read the essay.
for law or medicine or business, with only a con-
With regard to the mere fact that the colleges temptuous smile for the plodder or the visionary
are now besieged by the unelect, I am disposed to who still thinks of teaching as a life work.
be, on the whole, optimistic. It is a phase, we may What is the remedy? Panacea there is none.
trust, and in some respects a passing phase, of the More generous endowments will help to increase
upward progress of mankind, and is distinctly respect for educational foundations and to make
more encouraging than would be the case if the it possible for professors to live a little more
masses, though increasing in wealth, remained in- comfortably. A long step forward will have been
different to all forms of education. The poet who taken when college faculties participate in the
said that a little learning is a dangerous thing" work of boards of trustees, according to the plan
himself uttered a dangerous half-truth; for how suggested by President Schurman; provided, of
much more dangerous is that ignorance with which course, that men of tact and real influence are
in the past men have been too easily satisfied, and chosen to represent the faculties. The formation
which the demagogue has found so much more of small classes, honor sections, and honors courses
manageable than even half-knowledge! Better, will do much. But none of these will wholly cure
then, because safer, the mediocrity to which gen- the trouble. Only the quiet, faithful, persistent
eral education is bringing us than the ignorance work of all who believe that everyone should have
which preceded it.
the best education for which he is fitted can ulti-
I wish, therefore, to protest with all earnestness mately avail much; and those who believe thus
against that view of some college teachers accord- must be active constantly in their efforts to leaven
ing to which a few elect are to be singled out for the great masses of the ignorant and the “medi-
attention and the rest unsympathetically ignored ocre.” Religion communicates itself like the elec-


1915]
209
THE DIAL
can
more
over
tric spark; and the zeal of the faithful trustee or Sonore." It is an ingenious scholastic dissertation
teacher must be not less than that of the mission- upon a controversial point of æsthetics — What is
ary.
CLARK S. NORTHUP.
the part played by arithmetical relations in the
art of tone? The discussion by Petrarch's friend
Pine Point, Maine, Sept. 5, 1915.
is not without interest. It shows that the Car-
dinal's conductor was not only a practical com-
A FRIEND OF PETRARCH'S.
poser but also a musical theorist. The discovery
of one of his works raises the hope that still others
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
may be found. How interesting would be the dis-
Some time ago my learned friend, M. Henry covery of one of his musical compositions!
Cochin, an authority in France on Italian history M. Cochin shows furthermore the part played by
and literature, read before the Paris Academy of music in medieval poetry, and particularly in the
Inscriptions and Belles Lettres a very interesting poetry of Petrarch, who always conceived of his
paper about a friend of Petrarch, which should,
poems as clothed with melody. Now no musician
have had
influence
him than
perhaps, be made more widely known in America
“ Socrates," whom he knew in youth at the time
where the celebrated Tuscan has so many admirers.
of his most important poetical productivity.
So I suggested to M. Cochin that he prepare for
THE DIAL a résumé of his paper, which he has
In a subsequent conversation with M. Cochin,
he dwelt upon the importance which a knowledge
done with great complacency. He was all the
of the musical works of Petrarch's Socrates might
more disposed to do so because of his own and his
distinguished father's pleasant relations with the
have on the history of music in general. “ One
United States; for, it will be remembered, M.
cannot exaggerate," he remarked, " the part which
Flemish musicians have played in the musical
Augustin Cochin was a prominent French aboli-
tionist and a friend of Garrison, knew and admired
formation of the whole of Europe from the ninth
Longfellow, and led in the movement which sent
and tenth centuries down, but especially begin-
ning with the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries ;
to us a national tribute from France when Lincoln
was stricken down. The son — perhaps I should
from the time of the Flemish Guillaume Du Fay
down to the Flemish Louis van Beethoven. Fur-
say the two sons, for M. Denys Cochin, of the
thermore, in the fourteenth century, there were
French Academy, is the brother of M. Henry
Cochin — has continued the paternal tradition;
constant relations between Flanders and Italy,
and some of his best friends have been and are still
which are especially revealed by the enormous
number of ecclesiastical benefices held in the Low
to be found among the best Americans. Before
Countries by members of the great Roman fam-
closing this biographical paragraph, I should add
ilies.
that M. Henry Cochin, with his brother, who rep-
This explains why it was that Giacomo
resents a Paris district, has sat for the past twenty
Colonna, Canon of Liège, could draw to him and
attach to the choir of his brother this Fleming,
years in the Chamber of Deputies, where, just
Ludovicus Sanctus - Lodewyek Heiliger, by the
before the war broke out, he was succeeded by his
son, who is now at the front.
way, in Flemish."
But here is the
Two other points touched upon by M. Cochin
résumé:
in his paper may be mentioned here in closing.
The dearest and most intimate of Petrarch's
He gives a rapid sketch of the Campigne region
friends, the one who enjoyed his complete confi-
dence in the matter of his love for Laura, and to
and of the village of Beeringhen, where Sanctus
whom he dedicated the collection of his “ Familiar
was born, prosperous and smiling before the
Letters," is designated by him under the enigmatic
recent ravages of the barbarians," and reminds his
name of “ Socrates." An eminent Belgian scholar,
French hearers that it was at Beeringhen that
Dom U. Berlière, who was director of the Belgian Voltaire sought a refuge in 1739, with Mme. du
Archæological School at Rome, a few years ago Châtelet, who pretended to exercise manorial
discovered at the Vatican certain documents which rights over the hamlet. THEODORE STANTON.
enabled him to identify “Socrates” with one Ludo-
vicus Sanctus, born in Beeringhen, near Liège, a
Paris, Aug. 17, 1915.
musician esteemed in his time, Canon and Cantor
of S. Donatien de Bruges, and musical conductor
THE MICHIGAN DUTCH IN FICTION.
for Cardinal Giovanni Colonna at Avignon.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
The discovery of the name of Ludovicus Sanctus On page 157 of your issue for September 2
makes it possible to identify various works of
which he was the author. One of these is a letter,
appears the following statement: “Mr. Arnold
addressed to the Chapter of Bruges, dated April 18,
Mulder opens a new field for American fiction in
1348, and giving an account of the ravages of the
'Bram of the Five Corners,' a story of the Hol-
Black Death at Avignon and the pontifical court.
landers in Michigan." As a matter of fact, Mr.
A quite recent investigation has enabled M.
Mulder dealt with this same milieu some two or
Henry Cochin to discover a work on musical theory three years ago in a novel entitled “The Dominie
by Ludovicus Sanctus in a manuscript of the latter of Harlem.” Of course, to anyone who compares
half of the fourteenth century. This manuscript, the two novels carefully, there can scarcely be any
which he sought in vain in the Vallicellane Library,
doubt that “ Bram of the Five Corners” is decid-
as entered in its catalogue, he finally traced to the
Laurentian Library at Florence, under a bizarre
edly the better, both in structure and in bigness of
disguise, among the manuscripts which Libri had
conception; but perhaps it is worth noting, never-
sold in England, and which came back to Italy in
theless, that Mr. Mulder is not a novice in portray-
the Ashburnham succession.
ing the Michigan Dutch and their environment.
The treatise by Sanctus which this manuscript
H. HOUSTON PECKHAM.
contains is entitled: “ Du Sujet de la Musique Purdue University, Sept. 7, 1915.


210
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
Man, which may best be described, perhaps,
The New Books.
as a commentary on Shaw apropos of Chester-
ton. A climax, of a sort, is attained in the
SENSE AND NONSENSE ABOUT
well-knit, closely reasoned "interpretation
BERNARD SHAW.*
by Mr. Joseph McCabe. In works of this
There still prevails, in certain circles, con-
type, the biographical paraphernalia are usu-
siderable scepticism in regard to the value ally employed as hereditary and environ- .
of the influence exerted upon this generation
mental explanations of the development of
by the personality and writings of George this respect, Mr. McCabe's work is no excep-
the subject's leading ideas and theories. In
Bernard Shaw. But in the opinion of those
tion to the rule. The biographical details,
who are accurately informed in regard to the
trend of modern ideas in Europe, Great Brit- virtually without exception and without spe-
ain, and the United States, there is no longer culled from the authorized biography. The
cific acknowledgment, are conscientiously
any doubt, since the full details of his career
and development were made public several
result is satisfactory, the needed facts being
years ago, that he is one of the most remark- presented with Mr. McCabe's customary
able personalities and thinkers of our era.
smoothness and dexterity. The remainder of
the book - which constitutes much the
Thinking men and women have ceased to re-
gard Mr. Shaw as a red spectre, an irrepres- searching study of Mr. Shaw, both in his
greater portion is an original, first-hand,
sible mountebank, a privileged lunatic, an
writings and in his public utterances.
irresponsible jester. The most conspicuous
feature of his career is now patent to the gen-
A few minor matters are provocative of
eral public, that his voice carries around the
interest. For example, Mr. McCabe remarks
world. While we may not now be able to com-
(p. 23): “Fifteen years ago he (Shaw)
pute the influence which he exerts, whether
recommended to me as the first rule of writ-
for good or ill, certain it is that he is to-day
ing: "Take the utmost care that what you
the most widely read international publicist.
have to say is correct, and then dash it down
His pronouncements on matters of universal
as frivolously as you can.'” ) Is this only
concern - civic, political, literary, artistic,
another way of putting Mr. Shaw's dictum
social, sociological, philosophical, religious
(p. 201 of the authorized biography) : “My
appeal to the masses from leading journals method, you will have noticed, is to take the
and magazines in all the principal countries
utmost trouble to find the right thing to say,
of the globe. Through the medium of his
and then say it with the utmost levity”?
Again, in commenting on “The Philanderer,"
books and plays, he reaches and influences a
considerably smaller, yet more cultivated and
Mr. McCabe makes the startlingly inaccurate
distinctly literary, element of the population widely heralded production, at Mr. Winthrop
statement (in view of the very successful and
in these same countries.
The interest in Mr. Shaw's life, personality, “It was merely produced [by Mr. Grein in
Ames's Little Theatre in New York City):
and philosophy, which remained little better
than amused curiosity until the last four or
the Independent Theatre, London, series of
productions in order to secure the theatrical
five years, has lately expressed itself in sev-
eral books of merit and power, from clever rights, and it remains to this day, in spite of
extravaganzas such as the “Paradise Found"
an attempt to revive it, almost unknown on
the stage." This is a conspicuous illustration
by Mr. Allen Upward and effective brochures
such as Mr. John Palmer's "Harlequin or
of the mistake of omitting from consideration
Patriot ?” to more penetrating and serious
or examination the United States, which is
critical studies such as those by M. Cestre, originally and fundamentally responsible for
M. Hamon, Herr Bab, and Mr. Joseph Mc-
.
Cabe. That “discovery" — the dreaded dis-
At times the freely flowing journalistic style
of Mr. McCabe is marred with infelicities of
covery for which Mr. Shaw dourly holds me
responsible — is well on the road to realiza-
which the following is an example: “The
tion. G. B. S. is at last being “found out.”
play exists, in fact, for the sake of the dia-
logue, and characters of a higher intellectual
Mr. Holbrook Jackson pointed the way to
study of the Socialist; and Mr. Chesterton play." With reference to “Candida," Mr.
type are introduced than in the preceding
followed with a mildly amusing tilt at the McCabe remarks: “Yet the play was rejected
A Critical Study. By Joseph in London, and not presented there until
McCabe. With portrait. New York: Mitchell Kennerley.
GEORGE BERNARD SHAW: HARLEQUIN OR PATRIOT ? By John
1904, when American enthusiasm had induced
Palmer. New York: The Century Co.
London to reconsider the matter” (p. 181);
PARADISE FOUND. Or, The Superman Found Out By Allen
Upward. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
while only a little farther on (p. 183) he
وو
• GEORGE BERNARD SHAW.


1915)
211
THE DIAL
observes: “It was only in 1904, long after “The Labour Leader” (March 31, 1911, and
it had been published, that New York discov- following) by the editor, Mr. A. Fenner
ered its greatness, and London grudgingly Brockway. Clearly Mr. McCabe is unaware
patronised it." In this connection, it is worthy of Mr. Shaw's much more effective enuncia.
of remark that New York might have “discov- tion of the same position, published in this
ered the greatness" of "Candida” prior to country in "The Metropolitan Magazine"
1904 had not Richard Mansfield, nine years (Dec., 1913). The position taken by Mr. Shaw
before (1895), abandoned its production is a model for simplicity of expression, if not
even after putting it in rehearsal ! An illustra- of practical execution: Socialism is “a system
tion of Mr. McCabe's inaccuracy - whether of society where all the income of the country
the result of carelessness or insularity — is is to be divided up in exactly equal propor-
found in the statement concerning “Cæsar tions." This is not a mere freak of opinion on
and Cleopatra": "The play has not been well Mr. Shaw's part: it is his final creed. And
received, and it had to wait a number of years Mr. McCabe points out that identically this
for even a moderate appreciation." As pro- same doctrine was expounded by Mr. Shaw in
duced by Mr. Forbes Robertson and Miss Ger- an address at the City Temple, London, on
trude Elliot in this country, the play was a October 30, 1913. Ideas such as these, fantas-
success; and this episode accentuates the tic, impractical, explain Mr. Shaw's ineffec-
fact, of which Mr. McCabe seems innocently tiveness as a practical politician, and his
unaware, that a play's success in the United almost total failure to wield any real influ-
States, in the large sense, both artistic and ence over the hard-headed, sordidly practical,
financial, is often a much more important event workingman of Great Britain.
than that play's success in England. Proba- Mr. McCabe, who is free from the ideas and
bly the most ludicrous remark in the book - illusions of the Shavian, has mercilessly ex-
though apparently Mr. McCabe does not sus- posed throughout his book Mr. Shaw's funda-
pect it - is the following comment on “Man mental error in confusing "illusions" and
and Superman”: “It is fairly safe to say "ideals," - the error underlying his “Quin-
that not one in a thousand of the audiences tessence of Ibsenism."
tessence of Ibsenism.” Again and again he
who have enjoyed the play, especially in the
exposes the fallacies inherent in Mr. Shaw's
United States, has the dimmest perception of
' appeal to will ” as opposed to an appeal
its moral.” My observation of audiences at
performances of Mr. Shaw's plays in both
to reason”; and makes it abundantly clear
that Mr. Shaw's theories vanish in a cloud of
countries has convinced me that whereas the
ineffective mysticism whenever the guidance
English attend productions of Mr. Shaw's 1
(not the control) of "reason" is abandoned.
plays to be amused, remaining constitution-
Facile and astute in convicting Mr. Shaw of
ally oblivious to the philosophy,” American inconsistency, Mr. McCabe is guilty of funda-
audiences, while welcoming the amusement
mental inconsistency throughout his entire
furnished, are constitutionally curious in re-
gard to the underlying purport of the drama- book, in denying that Mr. Shaw is a philoso-
tist. Nowhere, not even in Germany, has pher yet seriously analyzing that philosophy
Mr. Shaw the playwright been so widely stud-
as the key to, the keystone of, his entire lit-
ied and so generally analyzed as in the United crowning, if unconscious, jest of a very clever
erary and social contribution ! This is the
States. An amusing illustration of Mr. Mc-
Cabe's inaccuracy -- in this case doubtless due
bit of interpretation. Not the least of Mc-
Cabe's merits is his ability to expose Shaw's
to unfamiliarity with the original text - is
fundamental positions in pithy quotations -
found in the title which he assigns to Mr.
which he does not blink on the score of their
Shaw's burlesque on popular melodrama, pro- blasphemy, outspokenness, or mad impracti-
duced at Regent's Park, London, July 14,
1905: “Passion, Poison, and Putrefaction cality. Typical of these are the following:
- which inevitably leaves the reader in a “ Popular Christianity has for its emblem a
state of petrifaction. I confess, too, that in
gibbet, for its chief sensation a sanguinary execu-
this, " die grosse Zeit," the era of ravaged Bel-
tion after torture, and for its central mystery an
gium, torpedoed "Lusitania," and mined
insane vengeance bought off by a trumpery expia-
tion.”
North Sea, I read with almost a start Mr.
“ There is no way at all out of the present sys-
McCabe's complacent assertion (p. 121):
“There is no possibility now of barbarism
tem of condemning the superfluous women to
barrenness except by legitimizing the children of
overthrowing civilization as it formerly did."
women who are not married to the father."
In the chapter entitled “Socialism,” Mr.
“Childless marriage (through artificial steriliza-
McCabe points out an important departure tion] became available to male voluptuaries as the
made by Mr. Shaw in a series of articles in cheapest way of keeping a mistress and to female


212
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
-
was non-
66
ones as the most convenient and respectable way pamphlet,
pamphlet, “Common Sense about the War."
of being kept in idle luxury by a man.”
As to this, each one must judge for himself.
“ The net result [of our penal codes] suggested The reasons which he gave me for publishing
by the police statistics is that we inflict atrocious the pamphlet I regard as thoroughly sound.
injuries on the burglars we catch in order to make It suffices to make clear that it was perhaps
the rest take effectual precautions against detec-
the most courageous and sacrificial act of Mr.
tion; so that, instead of saving our wives' dia-
Shaw's career to play the part of spectator
monds from burglary, we only greatly decrease our
chances of ever getting them back, and increase
ab extra in regard to a stupendous issue over
our chances of being shot by the robber if we are
which the dictates of “patriotism ” were in-
unlucky enough to disturb him at his work.”
flexible and vindictive. Mr. Shaw once more
demonstrated, and in a great crisis, his cour-
The brochure by Mr. John Palmer, heralded age to voice common sense and to speak the
as presenting “an astonishingly new Shaw,” | truth though it would be absurd to deny
is the best brief interpretation of Mr. Shaw that no little of his common sense
ever penned. But the ideas, with only a single sense, and no little of his “truth” was error.
exception, which it presents as descriptive and Mr. Palmer has not made good his
case;
indicative of Mr. Shaw, are in no sense origi- as put by him, it is too futile and feeble to be
nal — being fully set forth in the authorized dignified with the term “case.” The whole
biography in 1911. Displaying considerable "case" of England against Shaw is clearly
ingenuity in his attempt to impart novelty put in the statement (p. 75): “Bernard
and originality to fully established views of Shaw, in writing this pamphlet, has done a
Mr. Shaw, Mr. Palmer is entirely successful clearly unpopular thing. Undoubtedly he has
in presenting “an astonishingly old Shaw." angered and estranged many of his admirers."
These ideas about Mr. Bernard Shaw are,
roughly, as follows:
The little extravaganza embodying Mr.
(1) He is a deep, not a shallow, personality.
Upward's dramatized version of Bellamy's
(2) He is exceedingly difficult to interpret. Rip Van Winkle in a realized Social Democ-
Looking Backward,” with Mr. Shaw as the
(3) He is not an original thinker.
(4) He is, fundamentally, modest about the racy of his own invention, is described on the
cover as “ The Adventures of Bernard Shaw
greater contributions of his own art and in a Shavian World.” Shaw awakes, after a
work.
sleep of two hundred years, to find all his
(5) He is, at bottom, profoundly in earnest.
own ideas realized in actual practice. After
(6) He is a man of large heart and deep
a few typical experiences in this Shavian
feeling.
world, he characteristically becomes disgusted
(7) He is not an anarchist.
with the state of affairs, and impetuously
(8) He is an expert critic, with a phe- heads a revolt of the anti-Shavians. It is ad-
nomepally effective style.
mirable fooling,— but Mr. Shaw has already
The exception to be noted is number three, spent a lifetime in this present world heading
above. I have always taken the position that a revolt against the Shavians.
Mr. Shaw is an original thinker, a man who
ARCHIBALD HENDERSON.
has constructed and erected a definite system
of philosophy. I challenge Mr. Palmer to
make a respectable analysis of Mr. Shaw's
plays without appealing to, and exhibiting,
INCOME AND ITS DISTRIBUTION IN THE
UNITED STATES. *
either explicitly or implicitly, Mr. Shaw's
characteristic and invariable philosophy,"
When a teacher has been summarily dis-
or view of the relations of men and women,
missed from a university it must be that he is
toward each other, and toward the universe. either incompetent or his teachings are dis-
Mr. Palmer has been wise enough to shirk an pleasing to the powers that be. Judging from
impossible task. Critics who have really stud- the attendance upon his classes and the prod-
ied Mr. Shaw and his works at first hand have uct of his pen, Dr. Scott Nearing cannot be
already succeeded in setting forth the funda- classed as incompetent; yet he has been
mental principles of his philosophy and justly dropped from the payroll of the Wharton
credit him with anticipating or paralleling, in
School of Finance in the University of Penn-
fundamental particulars, professional philoso- sylvania for no assigned reason. However, it
phers, conspicuously Nietzsche and Bergson. was generally understood that his teachings
The real object of Mr. Palmer's brochure displeased the old guard in Pennsylvania.
is to assert that Mr. Shaw committed a funda-
An Examination of the Returns for Services
Rendered and from Property Owned in the United States. By
mental blunder in printing his celebrated Scott Nearing, Ph.D. New York: The Macmillan Co.
* INCOME


1915]
213
THE DIAL
The action was taken soon after the publica- In all the textile industries of the United
tion of his book on Income. No mention of States ninety per cent of the men received in
this book as the cause of Dr. Nearing's dis- 1910-12 less than $750, while sixty per cent
missal has come to the notice of the present received less than $500. Substantially the
reviewer, and it undoubtedly was not the sole same conditions prevail in the paper and lum-
cause. But a member of the Board of Trus- ber industries, and the situation is not much
tees has given out an interview condemning better in the mines and quarries.
certain of Dr. Nearing's teachings,- among The total wages paid by the American
them one, the injustice of interest, which may manufacturing industries, the mines and
be deduced from his latest book.
quarries, and the railroads amount to about
Putting aside the distinctions made by the $6,500,000,000. The easily traced property
older economists between landlords, capital. | income is about as large, taking no account of
ists, and laborers, and the forms of incomes property occupied by the owners. The
derived from rent, interest, dividends, and greater part of this belongs to a few indi.
labor, Dr. Nearing divides income into two viduals. The property holders have priority
kinds, - property income and service income.of claim on the products of industry,- the
Naturally, there can be only two classes of bondholders first, the stockholders next. Our
income receivers, owners of property and courts have repeatedly held that the owners
those who render service. The former are of property are entitled to "a fair return,
”
classed as economic parasites, living upon the usually about six per cent. If the Pullman
proceeds of other men's efforts. Modern so- Company were brought into court the deci-
ciety asks no questions about how they became sion probably would award "a fair return
possessed of their property. Ownership as- on $120,000,000, all but $18,000,000 of which
sures the income.
was paid into the coffers of the company by
The various industries have been examined its patrons, while they were paying “a fair
carefully by Dr. Nearing to determine how return on the $18,000,000. What American
much of their profits go to labor, how much to court has ever rendered the decision that a
the property owners. The ratio of service laborer was entitled to a fair wage? Even
income to property income in the American the right to work is only an abstraction, abso-
railroad industry is found to be about four to lutely empty until made real by the owners
three; in the telephone industry, two to one; of property. Both men and property become
the telegraph, five to one; railway terminals old and useless. The owners of property are
(in Iowa only), one to ten; municipal utili- often safeguarded by charges upon society for
ties, ten to nine; the United States Steel an amortization fund, which makes capital
Corporation, three to two; the Pullman Car immortal. When the receiver of service in-
Company, five to one. (But this latter com- come grows old and becomes incapable of
pany has increased its capital from $18,000,- | rendering service, his income stops. His only
000 to $120,000,000 by the simple process of chance for immortality is in the world to
stock dividends.) Taking the manufacturing come.
industries as a whole, it seems that about one- Such, in outline, are the facts set forth by
half the values added to raw materials by Dr. Nearing, and the conclusions drawn from
manufacture is paid back as service income. these facts. They are unpleasant to the up-
On the face of things, an equal share in
holders of the old individualistic laissez faire
the profits may not appear altogether bad for philosophy, such as the men who now domi-
labor. Yet conditions are far from ideal. nate Pennsylvania, and it is no wonder that
Taking $750 as the sum necessary for a living it was thought best to dispose of the author
wage for a family of five, and comparing the of such a work.
wages received, it will be found that many Dr. Nearing's book gives evidence of care-
fall below the poverty line. In the street ful study in preparation, and is fairly well
railways of New York, twenty-five per cent put together. But there are some sentences
of the general office clerks are below the line; in which the meaning of the author is not
in the iron and steel industry, out of 172,706 perfectly clear. A few facts connected with
employees, sixty per cent. In the cotton in property income, perhaps of negligible impor-
dustry only six per cent in the North and tance, are overlooked. The income derived
three per cent in the South earn more than from millions of stocks and bonds, which is
$750, while half the Northern and four-fifths classified as property income, really belongs
of the Southern men fall below $500. In the in the category of service income. Such is
woolen, worsted, and cotton mills of Law- the revenue derived from the $12,000,000 set
rence, Massachusetts, half of the men receive aside by the Steel Corporation for pensions,
less than $500, seven-eighths less than $600. / which is nothing but a deferred payment of


214
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
wages, or service income. A few other com- impertinence by pointing to the fresh mate-
panies follow a like practice. However, if all rials in the ten-volume edition of the Jour-
items of this kind were transferred from nals, 1909-14, brought out under the careful
property income to service income, the change and tasteful editorship of Edward Waldo
would not be very great.
Emerson and Waldo Emerson Forbes.” Such
A much larger and more troublesome item is the excuse Professor Firkins offers for his
is the sum realized from stocks, bonds, and interesting study of Emerson. The excuse is
rented property devoted to educational and valid, but the performance invites criticism.
eleemosynary institutions. In one sense all A generous use of the Journals has been
this is property income; yet practically, all made, but in some important particulars the
of it is used in payment for services. Looked "fresh materials" have been inadequately,
at from this point of view, it is simply an treated. This is noticeable in the case of
item appearing on both sides of the ledger, Emerson's eight-page journal record concern-
and may be retained or stricken out without ing his choice of a profession, and in the
any material difference. Yet there is another copious records of Emerson's interpretation
point of view. The funds used to support the of Webster's “Seventh of March Speech
Rockefeller Foundation may be regarded as and the misconstruction of his motives, and
having been collected from the makers and in the several records showing Emerson's lack
users of “Standard oil.” So much of it as is of appreciation of Lincoln prior to the shock
collected from the makers is simply that much of the assassination. On the subject of the
service income taken from one set of men and Shakespeare-Bacon controversy, our critic is
given to another set performing an entirely silent; the Journals cry out against this
different kind of service. Certainly this silence, as we shall show later.
much, whatever it is, should be stricken from The book is issued in uniform style with
the total of property income, and left on the the Journals and the “Centenary Edition"
side of service income.
of the complete works, and is intended appar-
In discussing the monopoly principle ap- ently as a companion volume or interpretative
plied to labor and capital, the author reaches study of each. With respect to the well-
the conclusion that the monopoly power of known writings, the new study is the most
ownership, and not productivity, determines thorough and analytical that has yet come to
the share of the values created in industry our notice. The first half of the volume is
that shall be allotted to each. If this be true,
devoted to a sketch of Emerson's life; the
one cannot help wondering why it is that in last half, to a review and an analysis of his
the great industries about one-half the value prose and poetry and his philosophy. The
added by manufacture is paid out as wages,
latter portion is perhaps the most interesting
or service income, while less than half - in to the general reader; and the review of the
many cases considerably less goes to the essays, on account of their general interest
stockholders and bondholders as interest and throughout the world, contains the most valu-
dividends, or property income. Certainly the able criticism in the book. From this stimu-
laborers of this country will not admit that lating study, the reader will naturally turn
their monopoly is more nearly complete than to the other writings, and then to the chap-
that of the capitalists.
ters on Emerson's technique. This will be
But however much we may differ from true especially of those readers who have
Dr. Nearing on his views about the position heretofore known Emerson only through his
of capital, we must agree with his conclusion essays,- and their number is legion.
that "service is of preëminent importance,' In a review of the works, the address on
and that "above the rights of property there
“War," delivered in Boston in 1838, is not
must be placed the rights of humanity.” It mentioned. In view of the timeliness of the
was a great misfortune to a great university subject and also of Emerson's later appetite
to lose so forceful a teacher of such ideas. for war, so vividly emphasized by our critic,
DAVID Y. THOMAS. we must regret the omission. It was in this
address that Emerson prophesied: “War is
on its last legs." "Trade," he said, "as all
men know, is the antagonist of War." Cer-
EMERSON STUDIED FROM HIS JOURNALS.* tainly trade and war have together prospered
“A new venture into a field from which in Europe and America, Asia and Africa,
biography and criticism have drawn repeated since the time of Emerson's prophecy, as they
and ample harvests may avert the charge of
never prospered before; and Emerson himself
underwent in the next two decades an entirely
trait. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
different attitude from that of turning "the
* RALPH WALDO EMERSON. By O. W. Firkins.
With por


1915]
215
THE DIAL
other cheek, as one engaged, throughout his his limitations, it is in Emerson as a hero-
being, no longer to the service of an indi- worshipper that we see his fundamental
vidual, but to the common soul of all men.” weakness. We can appreciate why it was that
Professor Firkins fails to note this change. Webster in 1850 and Lincoln in 1861-2 lacked
Emerson as a prose-writer is considered the potentialities of heroes for Emerson when
under the following headings: Culture, Criti- we see such men as Owen Lovejoy and John
cism, Clearness, Coherence, English, Diction, Brown evoking his praise. Professor Firkins
Unbendings, Hyperbole, Word-Play, Meta- tells us that the growth of Emerson's respect
phor, Epigram, Condensation, Floridity, for Lincoln was slow but sure. The fact is
Rhythm, Polarity, Style, and Inhibitions. In that in Lincoln, as in Webster, Emerson took
the matter of coherence, for the lack of which slight interest, and he was disappointed in
Emerson has been criticized, Professor Firkins both men as public servants. Even after the
presents an ingenious analysis in vindication Emancipation Proclamation, Emerson records
of the writer, but fails to note this significant in his Journal (vol. IX., page 557): “ You
passage in the Journals (vol. VIII., page cannot refine Mr. Lincoln's taste, extend his
463): “If Minerva offered me a gift and an horizon, or clear his judgment; he will not
option, I would say give me continuity. I am walk dignifiedly through the traditional part
tired of scraps. I do not wish to be a literary of the President of America, but will pop out
or intellectual chiffonier. Away with this his head at each railroad station and make a
Jew's ragbag of ends and tufts of brocade, little speech, and get into an argument with
velvet, and cloth-of-gold; let me spin some Squire A and Judge B.” Not until after the
yards or miles of helpful twine, a clue to lead assassination does Lincoln appear to Emerson
to one kingly truth, a cord to bind wholesome as a hero.
and belonging facts."
But in the case of Delia Bacon (and here
Emerson's poetry is considered under five the material in the Journals is so prominent
headings, the last of which, “Star Dust,” is that we cannot believe the omission in the vol-
dealt with under twelve sub-headings. In the ume before us was unintentional) the hero
section on Emerson's philosophy there are worshipped is not the poor misguided girl
thirty-one headings, among them the fol- that came to Emerson for encouragement, but
lowing: Experience, Logic, Sensibility, Uni- the mysterious courtly author alleged to have
versality, Iconoclasm, Illusion, Possibility, written the plays ascribed to the "jovial ac-
Rhetoric, Idealism, Government, Evil, Moral- tor." Shakespeare repelled Emerson; Bacon
ists, Duty, Love, and Insecurities. Under the attracted. And it was from his own essay on
heading of Experience, we are introduced into
Shakespeare, in his "Representative Men,"
the secret of Emerson's philosophy: “The published two years before, that Delia Bacon
secret of Emerson may be conveyed in one received the inspiration for her quixotic
word, the superlative, even the superhuman, theory, with her subsequent pitiful pilgri-
value which he found in the unit of expe- mage and investigation. Let us mention some
rience, the direct, momentary, individual act citations to the material that do not receive
of consciousness. This is the centre from mention in Professor Firkins's volume. On
which the man radiates; it begets all and ex- May 19, 1852, Emerson records his first
plains all."
meeting with Delia Bacon. An interesting
In the concluding chapter, Professor Fir- editorial note is appended to this record.
kins attempts to show that the intellectual Emerson gave her a letter of introduction to
and moral development of the world up to Carlyle, and also one to Hawthorne, then a
Emerson's time was crystallized in him. “We consul in England. In his Journals (vol.
wish to suggest that a larger are of the great VIII., page 314) Emerson copies extracts
hoop which we call the universe found accom- from a letter from her, which shows that his
modation in the soul of Emerson than in that interest is in her investigation rather than in
of almost any other known denizen of the her. Later (page 367) he records that he
planet.” But our critic says that Emerson has been reading " Troilus and Cressida," and
is hardly in the strong sense a teacher, hints a discovery of Francis Bacon's author-
hardly in the strong sense an example: he is a ship of the play as the result of this reading:
revelation of capacity, an adjourned hope, an In 1857, Delia Bacon's book appeared, and
unassured but momentous foreshadowing." Emerson records extracts from it in his Jour-
While the book is a stimulating contribu- nal. Delia Bacon, as the editors inform us,
tion to Emersonian criticism, it fails to pre- "literally gave her reason and life to her
sent the human side that the Journals reveal. work, which she pursued in great poverty
While Emerson has suggested that it is all and absolute isolation in England for three
over with a hero when we have come up with or four years. But Emerson does not make
66


216
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
any comment on her sacrifice. His interest is of doubt, of unsettled mind, that undermined
in the subject of her investigation. Two his health. And from the quotations we have
years later, we read of his disappointment given, it may be seen that while Emerson had
caused by the cold reception of the book in a clear idea of his limitations and a high sense •
the literary world. But again his interest is of honor, no profession appealed to him unre-
in the hero of the problem rather than in the lieved of doubts. We are inclined to believe
girl whom the problem overwhelmed. He that the ministry was sub-consciously ac-
writes: "In literary circles they still discuss cepted more as a temporary refuge for the
the question who wrote Junius, a matter of future essayist than as the starting-point of
supreme unimportance. But in the whole
a new religion or philosophy, neither of which
world no one discusses the question who wrote he can be said to have established. He never
Hamlet and Lear and the Sonnets, which con. did strike bottom in his intellectual and spir-
cerns mankind.” Thereafter, we hear no itual life.
more of the problem-or of Delia Bacon. Emerson was a great thinker, but only an
But it is in the eight-page record in the experimental one. It would be difficult to
Journals concerning the choice of a profes- find another who believed in the intuitions
sion (vol. I., pages 360-67) that we come most to the extent that he did. In stating his atti-
directly in contact with Emerson's limita-
tude towards Government, Professor Firkins
tions. He decides against the law because aptly styles him “a peaceful and moral anar-
it “demands a good deal of personal address, chist.” The anarchist is peaceful because he
an impregnable confidence in one's own deals with social life as an abstract phenome-
powers, upon all occasions expected and un- non. The human Emerson is difficult to find.
expected, and a logical mode of thinking and But the human quality crops out in the crises.
speaking — which I do not possess, and may We have cited material which suggests this
not reasonably hope to obtain.” Medicine is quality, and which Professor Firkins has
rejected for equally valid reasons. He de- either treated inadequately or ignored alto-
cides at last in favor of the ministry. But he gether. The Journals are also rich in other
has his doubts, on account of “want of suffi- material that our critic has not used. Ingen-
cient bottom ” in his nature. However, he ious and stimulating as is his study of the
concludes: “I judge that if I devote my well-known works, there is still room for a
nights and days in form, to the service of God new estimate of the man based upon Emer-
and the War against Sin, I shall soon be pre- son's self-revelations in the Journals.
pared to do the same in substance. The
CHARLES MILTON STREET.
bottom” he seeks is the settled mind from
which flows the perfect will. And so he
regards the ministry as a starting-point, a
refuge for self-examination, experiment, and SLAVE-HOLDING INDIANS IN THE
CIVIL WAR.*
decision. Or, to use his own words: “My
trust is that my profession shall be my regen- That the Indian had a part in the Civil
eration of mind, manners, inward and out- War most of us know, because we remember
ward estate; or rather my starting-point, for that General Grant had an Indian on his staff
I have hoped to put on eloquence as a robe, and that Albert Pike's Indians fought in the
and by goodness and zeal and the awfulness battle of Pea Ridge. This, however, is very
of Virtue to press and prevail over the false nearly the sum of our information. But now
judgments, the rebel passions and corrupt | Miss Abel, in her work on the slave-holding
habits of men.”
Indians, promises to open up an altogether
In his quotations from the record of this neglected field of Civil War history, and to
period, Professor Firkins does not use any of prove the importance of the civilized Indian
the above material, adopting Mr. Cabot's natives as a factor in diplomacy and war.
abridgment; and of the remainder of the The projected series of three volumes will
record he says: “ The pages that follow con. deal, we are told, with the “slave-holding
tain much of interest, in particular the char- Indians as secessionists, as participants in the
acteristic lament for the want of what he calls Civil War, and as victims under Reconstruc-
bottom, that is, of constitution or native self- tion.” The first volume, now published, shows
command.” He adds that Emerson's friends the position of the Indians in 1860-61 as
were concerned because of his “defect of slave-holders and Southern sympathizers, as
physical rather than moral bottom.” We sub- neglected by the North but valued by the
mit that the physical defect was due to the
66
* THE AMERICAN INDIAN AS SLAVE HOLDER AND SECESSION-
intellectual and spiritual hunger which he An Omitted Chapter in the Diplomatic History of the
Southern Confederacy. By Annie Heloise Abel, Ph.D. Vol.
could not satisfy. This hunger created a state ume I. With portraits. Cleveland : Arthur H. Clark Co.
IST.


1915)
217
THE DIAL
60
South, as secessionists and allies by treaty of early organized an Indian Bureau, with David
the Confederacy. Throughout this volume Hubbard of Alabama as Commissioner and
Dr. Abel emphasizes the economic and mili- Albert Pike of Arkansas (formerly of Massa-
tary importance of the Indian country to the chusetts) as a sort of diplomatic agent. The
Confederacy, and shows that much of the Indians were also assured of the safety of the
Southern diplomatic and military activity interest-bearing trust funds which were held
centred about the great Indian tribes.
by the Union government, but which were in-
The political and social conditions existing vested mainly in Southern state bonds.
in the Indian Territory for some years pre-
During 1861 the activities of Indian Com-
ceding the outbreak of the Civil War are here missioner Hubbard were of little importance;
for the first time adequately portrayed. Of but Albert Pike negotiated a series of remark-
special interest is the account of the division able treaties by which the Indians came under
of the great Indian tribes (Cherokees, Choc- the protection of the Confederate States and
taws, Seminoles, and others) into a ruling received a definite recognition of their rights.
class of half breeds, wealthy, educated,
—
educated, The “civilized nations'
The “civilized nations" - the Cherokees,
” —
slave-holders, and Southern sympathizers, Creeks, Choctaws and Chickasaws, and Semi-
and a larger, poorer, and less influential class noles were treated as protected states with
of pure bloods who were non-slave-holders and political, civil, and territorial rights, and were
inclined to be abolitionists. Other internal offered the prospect of ultimate statehood.
dissensions dated in origin back to the evil The less advanced Osages, Senecas, Shawnees,
days of the removal from the eastern South. and Quapaws secured somewhat less favorable
There was intense rivalry between Northern treatment, and the “wild” Indians — the
and Southern church organizations and Wichitas and the Comanches — merely agreed
church-conducted schools, and there were dif- to transfer their allegiance from the United
ferences between the 'Old Settlers" who States to the Confederate States. All of
came before the forced removal and those who the treaties secured the land rights of the
came later. Slavery everywhere existed, and Indians and their trust funds, gave to them
the fugitive slave law was in operation.
'
was in operation. courts of their own and a status in Confed-
Nearly all of the Indian agents were natives erate and state courts, and to a great extent
of Arkansas and Texas, and used their influ- | granted freedom of trade and travel. By
ence to keep the Indian Territory in sympathy these treaties the Indians gained, Miss Abel
with Southern life and thought.
says, all that they had been contending for
The influences which finally caused the during the nineteenth century.
Indian leaders to cast their lot with the South When the treaties were made, the Confed-
were varied and sometimes contradictory. eracy was in the ascendant, especially in the
The Indians charged the Washington govern- Southwest, and the Indian opposition to the
ment with responsibility for the removal pol- Confederate alliance was slight. For a time,
icy of the 30's; they feared the Douglas policy the Cherokees, under the leadership of the
of opening the western lands to white settle- venerable John Ross, wished, like Kentucky,
ment, and the proposed removal of North- to remain neutral, but driven by circum-
western Indians to Indian Territory; the stances soon came into the Confederacy. The
Indian slave-holders were alarmed by the rivalries of John Ross and Stand Watie (later
abolition movement, and resented the refusal a Confederate general) and of other factional
of the Washington government to establish leaders played into the hands of the Confed-
Federal courts and a postal system in the erates. The author is in sympathy with John
Indian country.
When the crisis came in Ross's views, but gives credit to the liberal
1861, the Lincoln administration neglected the policy of the Confederacy and the “fair mind-
Indians, offered them no protection, and even
edness" of Pike.
stopped payment on their funds; while the The results of the treaties were seen at
South, alive to the importance of the Indian once. Indian troops were enrolled, and the
Territory as a part of the military frontier, Indian Territory organized into a Military
set all its influence to work, and convinced the Department under Albert Pike, now a general.
leaders that their interests lay with the Con- But causes of dissension existed from the be-
federacy. Texas and Arkansas were espe- ginning: Pike and most of the Indian leaders
cially interested in the attitude of the Indians, wanted the Indian troops kept in the Terri-
and Miss Abel thinks that the secession of tory for home defense, while Van Dorn and
Arkansas was conditioned upon the secession other Confederate generals wanted them
of Indian Territory. The Confederate gov-
The Confederate gov- | merged into the Confederate army; further,
ernment, fully appreciating the value of the it was soon found that some of the Confed-
Indian country with its 75.000 people, very erate Indian troops objected to fighting
9


218
[ Sept. 16
THE DIAL
against the Union Indians. But during 1861 and given us the century complete. As it is,
and 1862 the Confederacy reaped valuable the promised volumes will doubtless include
benefits from its well considered Indian pol- representative essays of the “original genius”
icy. It is announced that the second volume group, which we believe are of great signifi-
of the series will be given to a discussion of cance and which up to the present time are
the part played by the Indians in the war, almost entirely unknown.
and to an explanation of the causes which Students will be disappointed still further
led to the loss of the Indian support to the in Dr. Durham's scanty Introduction. They
Confederacy.
will wonder that he has failed in this respect,
The materials which Miss Abel has drawn also, to emulate his distinguished predeces-
upon for this work are mainly the manuscript sors. It is true that he forestalls objection on
sources, hitherto unused, in the United States this score by modestly disclaiming any attempt
Indian Office. The work is carefully anno- to interpret the period with any completeness.
tated, but is too heavily documented the Instead he contents himself with a few gen-
work being at the same time a narrative and eral remarks about each writer represented,
a source book. This fault, however, the stu- dismissing the need for further enlightenment
dent of history will regard with lenience. At with the declaration that “the one thing need-
times the narrative is unnecessarily discursive, ful is that the student shall actually read what
the chapters are too long, and the plan of the was written." Apparently, however, Dr.
work involves too much repetition. But these Spingarn and Mr. Gregory Smith believe that
faults are insignificant when one considers the student should be given at the same time
the essential value and originality of the un- as complete orientation as possible. In a field
dertaking.
WALTER L. FLEMING.
in which many scholars have gone astray, may
we not plead for as much light as may be
vouchsafed us? And is it necessary,
we
EIGHTEENTH CENTURY CRITICAL ESSAYS.*
almost hesitate to ask,- in these days of Com-
parative Literature, that we demand some
In the present imbroglio of impressionism, recognition of international influences ? For
which is threatening the very existence of
all we can gather from the Introduction, we
criticism as a genre, some of us believe that might suppose English criticism a completely
we can find anchorage only by a recovery and
isolated phenomenon; whereas we need only
reinterpretation of a more humanistic view of
to glance at Dr. Spingarn's Introduction to
life. Having recognized with a more clear-realize anew that it has been singularly deriva-
eyed tolerance the standards of seventeenth tive.
century classicism, against which Diderot and
In spite of these shortcomings, however, we
Rousseau so frantically and successfully pro- may credit Dr. Durham with correct analyses
tested, we need to scrutinize with particular
so far as he goes. In a general way his dis-
thoroughness the development of eighteenth tinctions between the criticism of his period
century criticism, using the word criticism in
and that of the Restoration are valuable.
its broadest sense. We are just beginning to Nevertheless, he says: “If we are to escape
realize that beneath the surface of all the ordi.
from this position into one from which we
nary generalizations about the eighteenth may estimate the period more justly, compre-
century in England there lies an important hend it more accurately, we shall not do so by
body of forgotten material, the significance of
means of new generalizations. Some very
which we have missed. This we can no longer accurate generalizations about this period
ignore if we are to understand the movement
have already been made without much ap-
which began more than a century and a half
parent effect.”
Yet Dr. Durham implies
ago and which colors our whole thought to- throughout the Introduction that we are in
day. To such study, Dr. Durham's “Critical
great need of a revaluation of the period. His
Essays of the Eighteenth Century" comes as
first two pages show quite correctly that in
a timely and valuable aid. Unfortunately, ,
our view of the "Augustan Age" we have been
the editor has been able to give us only the blind, hasty, and subservient to the judgment
promise of the material from 1725 on. We
of the nineteenth century. It would seem,
wish that he might have followed the admira-
ra- therefore, that we do need “new generaliza-
ble example of Dr. Spingarn in the three vol-
tions" based, of course, on such documents as
umes of " Critical Essays of the Seventeenth
the author places before us. We should,
Century" and of Mr. Gregory Smith in the
moreover, like to have at least a foot-note to
two volumes of “Elizabethan Critical Essays," tell where these "very accurate generaliza-
tions” may be found. “ From even so cursory
Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by Willard Higley Dur-
ham, Ph.D. New Haven: Yale University Press.
and superficial an examination,” he concludes
• CRITICAL ESSAYS OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, 1700-1726.
1


1915)
219
THE DIAL
that "none [of these critics) can be neatly a widower with three children, he wishes to
pigeonholed as a classicist or a romanticist or provide them with a mother, and has what
à rationalist or an ‘ist' of any sort. . . To Matthew Arnold called a hankering after his
group them is a help to memory, but a hin- deceased wife's sister. Now the Mallorings
drance to accuracy.
We do need to be cau- are good churchmen, and have decided views
tious; but we need not evade the problem, as upon this subject. They notify Tryst that
Dr. Durham seems to do here, by refusing, should he persist in his matrimonial inten-
except in the most meagre way, to character- tion, he cannot continue to be housed upon
ize at all. May we not charge him with a too their estate. When he remains stubborn, he
cursory and superficial examination”?
is evicted, in consequence whereof he revenges
As for the actual selection of essays, we himself by burning his landlord's hayricks.
must grant Dr. Durham the successful per- He is then arrested, held three months for
formance of a very perplexing task. Some trial, and sentenced to three years of penal
will object to devoting one-third of the entire servitude. When being taken away from the
space to Dennis, but probably we must submit court-room, he makes a mad rush from his
to this as a part of the recent rehabilitation of captors, throws himself in front of a passing
that irate and unfortunate critic. Some, too, automobile, and is killed. Around this situa-
will maintain quite logically that if Pope's tion Mr. Galsworthy has moulded his plot,
Essay on Shakespeare is omitted because of its and it will readily be seen what opportunities
accessibility in Nichol Smith's collection, there it offers for the sort of special pleading at
is no need to include Addison and Steele, two which Mr. Galsworthy is an adept. The
men who are always with us. Only one omis- pathos of it all, the appeal to pity so clearly
sion seems noteworthy, and that is Bysshe's made by the plight of the children, by the
"Art of Poetry,” along with some indication, sufferings of the father when his home is
at least, of Bysshe's most interesting collec- broken up, and by the despair which fills his
tion of the best extracts from English poetry. soul at the prospect of the years of imprison-
Surely if Welstead finds a place, Bysshe ment - these things are worked to their ut-
should not be ignored. At the end of his vol-most in arousing our deepest sympathies for
ume Dr. Durham has brought together a the victim. But what would Mr. Galsworthy
decidedly valuable bibliography. Here again have? Is crime to be justified under such
only one omission is inexplicable: we look in circumstances, and go unpunished? The au-
vain for the highly significant works of St. thor would not say so outright, but what he
Evremond published in English in 1700 and does urge is that the conditions are intolerable
1705.
which make such a crime possible. In other
The text is reproduced from original edi- words, it is the land system which is to blame,
tions with scholarly care, and is supplemented the system which gives the landlord this
by accurate and serviceable notes. Thor- power over the private lives of his tenants.
oughly attractive in binding and typography,
We admit that such interference is injudi-
the volume is all in all invaluable to students cious, and even to be condemned in principle;
of eighteenth century literature and of criti- but, on the other hand, it is clearly a case of
cism in general. J. PAUL KAUFMAN.
conscience with the landlord, to say nothing
of legal rights. If such a thing as private
ownership in land is admitted, the right of
the owner to use it as he pleases is logically
RECENT FICTION.*
implied. So that Mr. Galsworthy is in reality
"The Freelands,” by Mr. John Galsworthy, attacking the right of landed property, and
is, as the name of the author almost inevitably
if one believes in that right at all, one cannot
implies, more of a humanitarian plea than a
be much stirred by this indirect assault upon
novel
, or, at least, it is a novel so charged with
it, which seems to us to be lacking in candor.
a humanitarian message as to obscure its char-
We are in the heartiest sympathy with Mr.
acter as mere fiction. A few words will suf-
Galsworthy in his detestation of people who
fice to set forth the complication in the barest
seek to regulate the private affairs of other
terms. Bob Tryst is a laborer who occupies people, but the mischief that is done by such
one of Sir Gerald Malloring's cottages. Being
efforts is much more chargeable to irresponsi-
ble legislatures and municipal councils and
• THE FREELANDS. By John Galsworthy. New York:
Charles Scribner's Sons.
commissions and boards than to the owners
By W. Somerset Maugham New of landed or other property. While the lat-
York: George H. Doran Co.
A CHILD AT THE WINDOW. By William Hewlett. New York:
ter have at least a sound legal justification
Duffield & Co.
for their intolerance, the former have only
THE HOUSE OF MERRILEES. By Archibald Marshall. New
York: Dodd, Mead & Co.
their whims and petty prejudices; and the
OF HUMAN BONDAGE.


220
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
us.
curtailments of liberty which their actions upon an ocean voyage, and it was still with
impose excite our indignation far more deeply us upon our return. Nor did it prove lacking
than do any restrictions imposed by the own- in sustained interest. When a novelist thus
ers of property upon those with whom they sets out to chronicle everything about his
contract to make productive use of it. So it hero's life, he can hardly fail to leave us with
seems to us that Mr. Galsworthy's lesson the feeling of intimate acquaintance. But he
might have been made much more effective can easily miss, as Mr. Maugham does, the
by the choice of a less dubious basis. But it broad effects and the large issues of a human
is, of course, effective, even with this handi- characterization. The only thing of this sort
cap. The author has never made better use that we get from “Of Human Bondage" is a
of his extraordinary gift of feeling, of his most depressing impression of the futility of
keen rapier of social satire, and of his beauti- | life, an impression similar to that produced
ful style. His real power is in his style by “ The Old Wives' Tale" of Mr. Arnold
rather than in his logical process, and, for our Bennett. Our hero's life is not romantic.
part, we attach less importance to all his spe- When he gets out of school, he tries accoun-
cial pleading and all the calculated ingenuity tancy and fails. Then he tries art in the
of his plot than we do to the single page (261) Paris schools, and fails again. Then he tries
in which, forgetting his thesis, he unfolds for medicine, barely scrapes through to a diploma,
us the pageant of the seasons in words which and is in sight of marriage and a country
almost persuade us to admit that prose may practice when the book of his life is closed for
sometimes be poetry.
Before this consummation, he has en-
Mr. W. Somerset Maugham, a successful tanglements with various women, including a
playwright, has turned his activities in the long and enslaving infatuation for a girl of
direction of fiction-writing, the result being repellent vulgarity - a waitress in a cheap
“Of Human Bondage," an immensely lengthy restaurant who graduates into the life of the
work of the biographical type, setting forth streets. She, too, is an amazingly real per-
the story of a young man's life from child- son, as are many others whom we encounter
hood to the age of thirty or thereabouts. The in this narrative, which may perhaps best be
following extract will show why it takes six described as an album of unretouched photo-
hundred and fifty compact pages to accom- graphs. The book is far from being, in the
plish this setting forth :
publishers' phrase, “compellingly great,” but,
“When Phillip arrived there was some diff- allowing once for all its inartistic method,
culty in deciding on which evening he should have it is at least a noteworthy piece of creative
his bath. It was never easy to get plenty of hot composition.
water, since the kitchen boiler did not work, and
Publishers' advertisements of their works
it was impossible for two persons to have a bath
on the same day. The only man who had a bath-
are usually to be taken with several grains of
room in Blackstable was Mr. Wilson, and it was
salt, but in the case of Mr. William Hew-
thought ostentatious of him. Mary Ann had her
lett's "A Child at the Window," we may allow
bath in the kitchen on Monday night, because she their statement that it is a story vivid and
liked to begin the week clean. Uncle William startling in its realism, and absorbing in its
could not have his on Saturday, because he had a human and emotional quality." These are
heavy day before him, and he was always a little
banal phrases, and often absurdly misapplied,
tired after a bath, so he had it on Friday. Mrs.
but in the present instance they do the book
Carey had hers on Thursday for the same reason.
exact justice. It is all of this, holding the
It looked as though Saturday were naturally indi-
cated for Phillip, but Mary Ann said she couldn't
attention close, and being presented in a fin-
keep the fire up on Saturday night, and with all
ished style that is grateful in these days of
the cooking on Sunday, having to make pastry and
slipshod fiction-writing. It is concerned with
she didn't know what all, she didn't feel up to the emotional career of Una Field, the daugh-
giving the boy his bath on Saturday night: and ter of an English country clergyman, a vain
it was quite clear that he could not bath himself.”
and self-willed girl with a talent for music,
The upshot of all this complication was that who appeals to us by her sheer femininity,
Mary Ann relented, and grudgingly agreed and does not lose her hold upon our sympa-
to Saturday night. Even this description thies either through her obvious faults, or
leaves Tuesday and Wednesday unaccounted through the misstep that wrecks her life al-
for, which we rather resent, since we would most beyond recovery. Taken in charge by
like to be told all about it. It is obvious that her wealthy godmother, she is sent to a
a writer who works with this method of de- girls' private school, and then brought to Lon-
tailed photographic realism can “ go far,” and don for music lessons and society. She gets
the story runs to nearly three hundred thou- mixed up with a set of men and women who
sand words. We began it in Chicago, took it chatter about art and the rights of the soul


1915)
221
THE DIAL
“ The
in accordance with the most “advanced" esting, which should be enough for any reader
ideas, and is so captivated by one of the male who is not hopelessly hypnotized by the spe-
rhetoricians of this circle, that she runs away cious devices of the modernist.
with him, and lives for a time in Italy and
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
Egypt in defiance of all the conventions.
When the rupture comes, it is not accom-
panied by any conviction of sin on her part,
NOTES ON NEW NOVELS.
but merely results from the discovery that
her lover is an egotistic sensualist, whose Two new historical novels from the pen of Miss
nature demands a greater variety of emo- Marjorie Bowen deal with peoples and epochs in
tional life than one woman can offer him. abrupt contrast, yet with equal success.
Since Una is an idealist even in her errancy,
Carnival of Florence” concerns itself with Savo-
she leaves him, returns to England, and has
narola and the sons of Lorenzo the Magnificent, and
a very hard time trying to support herself.
is shot through with a vivid love story or two. It
Under the guidance of an old school friend,
is notable in that it gives no unrestrained praise
she experiments with la vie des coulisses, but Florence, and even more so in the fine common
to the fanatic preacher who sought to dominate
is repelled by its sordid vulgarity. After
sense with which it depicts the two chief romantic
skating over much very thin ice, she takes
characters. The other story, “ Prince and Heretic,”
refuge in the arms of a curate who has been has for its protagonist the William of Orange who
her dog-like follower since childhood. But founded the gallant little kingdom of the Nether-
even in this haven she becomes obsessed by lands, and it occupies itself with the religious wars
an infatuation for one of her husband's which our own age has lived to see completely
fellow-clergymen, who cultivates asceticism superseded by wars of nationality. The subordi-
upon a basis of sensuality, and she all but
nated love story is here again presented in quiet
succumbs to the temptation. On the whole, unrequited at the close.
relief to the troublous times, though it remains
Miss Bowen's methods
we cannot approve of Una, although we are
are thorough, and her assimilation of her material
charmed by her, and cannot deny the fact that leaves little to be desired. (Dutton.)
there is an element of specious immorality in Cape Cod, that ancient home of persons whose
the author's portrayal of her character.
angles have not been worn smooth by too much
The old-fashioned flavor characteristic of contact with their fellows, is the scene of Mrs.
“ The House of Merrilees,” by Mr. Archibald Sarah Ware Bassett's “ The Taming of Zenas
Marshall, will not be the least of its com-
Henry” (Doran). The protagonist is a queer fish,
mendations to the judicious. That the story
an old bachelor who succumbs to some comfortable
lure in his neighbor, Abbie Howlands, but not in
will prove popular by virtue of this quality
we are far from sure, for the sophisticated
the least to her physical attractiveness. They
marry, and three old salts descend upon their sim-
modern taste demands "smartness," and a
ple ménage. After much tribulation, these other
staccato-like emphasis of "points" and a
queer fish succeed in justifying their existence,
large field for inference or guesswork, and and in the process the reader surmises that Zenas
a realism which knows not reticence. These and his wife learn to love one another. The book
and other popularly desiderated qualities are is amusing, and at times touching; but it hardly
conspicuously missing from the present ex-
makes an almost impossible situation plausible.
ample of the old plodding school of fiction. A more than ordinarily shrewd study of femi-
There is a mystery, but it is really cleared up,
nine character has been made by Mrs. David G.
without leaving any loose ends to puzzle us at
Ritchie in “Two Sinners” (Dutton), a novel of a
the close. There are no dallyings with vice,
circumscribed section of English life. The hero-
ine engages herself to a man who in character
and no attempts to undermine the ethical
mingles a certain coarseness with a rather full
bases of society. And there is a homely sim-
comprehension of music and art. Her pretty sis-
plicity about the narrative which offers a
ter's betrothal shortly after to a man more nearly
welcome relief from the cleverness” and to her liking confuses her ideas, and her own
the super-subtle psychologizing of so many engagement is broken. It takes tragedy to open
of our young writers. The material of the her eyes to the worth of the man she has rejected.
story is as old-fashioned as its manner. There Incidentally, the book contains a pen portrait of a
is an aristocratic recluse, there is the mystery disagreeable pet dog, which will commend itself to
of the disappearance of his body and of the
all who have suffered from that variety of beast.
immense treasure he is known to have left at
The sociological interest of Mr. Howard Vin-
his death, and there is the romance of his
cent O'Brien's first novel persists in his second, in
the title of which newspaper men, telegraph opera-
reputed heir, and the final identification of
the son who at last comes into the inheritance.
tors, and printers will recognize a familiar word
“ Thirty" (Dodd, Mead & Co.) The subject it
The story is nowhere very exciting, but it is
deals with is the old one of a daily journal which
everywhere steadily and increasingly inter- seeks to tell the truth in its news columns, and fails
66


222
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
owing to the imperfections of human nature. That ganda of this mysterious wretch, who bends a curi-
tragedy should come in the wake of the experiment ous variety of Orientals and Europeans to his
is made reasonable, though it wrecks the romance purpose. The story abounds in thrills and bizarre
of the leading characters. The book is sincere, complications, but does not attain subtlety either
though rather hard on the rich and kind to the in plot or character.
poor, and it represents a distinct advance upon its So important a part do physicians and trained
predecessor.
nurses play in modern life that they deserve the
“Mickey has the best of three or four boys con- best that can be done for them in the realm of
cealed in his lean person
says Mrs. Gene Strat-
fiction. Mrs. Mary Roberts Rinehart's “K”
ton-Porter of the titular character in her “ Michael (Houghton) has physicians for hero and rejected
O'Halloran " )
(Doubleday, Page & Co.). Mickey lover, and trained nurses for heroine and adven-
is, in other words, a super-boy. The young lady turess. All these characters are drawn with a
of the tale is likewise a super-young-lady. The patient and scrupulous fidelity to the admirable
multimillionairess is a perfectly dreadful person qualities of two fine and ennobling professions,
until reformed by the young lady — and so on. coupled with demonstration that a common human-
The dialogue of the book is largely in a new lan- ity is still alive in them. The narrative is some-
guage - super-persons must speak super-language, what jerky in movement, but it keeps its interest
of course. Dealing entirely in hyperbole, with the in spite of a foregone conclusion.
ill-behaved persons rich and the well-behaved poor, In the Baroness Orczy's latest story of Hungary,
the book seems destined to a wide popularity. “A Bride of the Plains" (Doran), a careful and
As accurate as a daguerreotype, which it re- painstaking picture is painted of rural life as a
sembles in period as in other respects, Mrs. Amelia background to a complicated and tragic plot. The
E. Barr's “The Measure of a Man” (Appleton) is maiden heroine is affianced to a man not of her
an interesting survival of Victorian manners and own choice, after the supposed death of her lover
habits of thought and writing, with a dash of during military service. He returns on the eve
preaching against the limitation of the size of
of her marriage, and finds the prospective bride-
families which would make the good people of that groom much too attentive to a young Jewish girl,
era gasp. Not half enough is made of the self- who in turn is affianced to one of her own race.
sacrifice of the operatives in the British cotton The story contrives to end happily, though the
mills during the war between the States,
- which reader feels that such an ending is not fully
ought to have been made a lesson to many Amer- justified.
icans in the present war for the freedom of nations,
The lure of the sea takes a young lad with
as that was for freedom from chattel slavery. sailors' blood in his veins out of an office and
Dividing his attention between drama and fic-
sets him before the mast, in “The Lady Aft"
tion, Mr. St. John G. Ervine seems to acquire skill (Small, Maynard & Co.), by Mr. Richard
from his dual activities. “Alice and a Family" Matthews Hallet. There is a beautiful girl aboard,
(Macmillan) is written with a secure sense of the captain's daughter. What ensues is the con-
dramatic values, and with a great deal of dialogue
ventional thing: the young fellow finds himself
rather dramatic than literary in its character. It
among rough men, wins his fight, and finds due
tells of a boy and girl in the humblest walks of
favor in the young lady's eyes at the end. But
English life, and the diplomatic manner in which the manner of telling all this is decidedly uncon-
Alice takes up the bereaved family of the young ventional.
fellow and knits its tangled ends with those of her
mother and herself, until the unhappy fates are
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
completely propitiated. The book abounds with
the truest humor, often near to tears.
A collection of articles contrib-
Germany's point
Mr. E. Phillips Oppenheim is an expert in of view in the uted by Dr. Edmund von Mach
melodrama, and his latest story, “ The Way of European war.
to the Boston
Boston “Transcript"
These Women (Little, Brown & Co.), is fully during the first nine months of the war are
melodramatic. It opens with the scene set for the
now reprinted in a volume entitled “Ger-
murder of a British marquis, and the heroine is so
many's Point of View” (McClurg). The au-
strongly suspected of the crime that she loses her many's Point of View
chance to wed an English gentleman who writes
thor notes that the unrestricted publication
plays in which she acts. A well bred woman with
of these articles in such a distinctly pro-
the heart of an adventuress manages to marry him Allies paper is the best refutation of the
instead. Well contrived, without pretension, inter-charge that the American press is delib
estingly written according to ascertained erately unfair to the German cause.
This
formula, and filled with suspense until the end, the
generous acknowledgment is characteristic of
book is bound to amuse its readers.
Dr. von Mach's effort to avoid rancor and
The redoubtable Fu-Manchu does not appear in
to practise the gentler arts of persuasion.
Mr. Sax Rohmer's latest collection of weird ad-
His somewhat detailed and occasionally repe-
ventures, “ The Yellow Claw” (McBride, Nast &
Co.), but his racial and spiritual twin, one Dr.
titious defence of Germany is mildness itself
King, seems to be the moving force throughout compared with the diatribes which one may
the book, though he does not once disclose him- read (or skip) weekly in the columns of “The
self or his identity. Opium smoking is the propa-
Fatherland.” He evidently writes from a
an


1915)
223
THE DIAL
full heart, and the reader must respect the was in the good old days of President Mark
sincerity of his feelings. Unfortunately the Hopkins and “Prof. Al," as his brother was
logic of his arguments is by no means so con- nicknamed by the students, and the author's
vincing. His specialty seems to be the avoid- glowing memories of Dr. Hopkins form a
ance of the main points of controversy, and noteworthy feature of the book. All that he
a meticulous hairsplitting of non-essentials. says of him as an educator and as a moral and
Typical of his method is his treatment of Sir spiritual force is indisputable; but, with a
Edward Grey, whom he pursues industriously vivid recollection of him both at the teacher's
through various chapters of the book, en. desk and in the pulpit and on the platform, it
deavoring to magnify petty discrepancies be- seems to us excessive praise, or misapplied
tween the English Blue Book and the French praise, to call him “one of the greatest orators
Yellow Book into something portentous, all of this or any other age.” Mr. Benjamin
the while ignoring the great outstanding fact began to write for publication early in his
that Sir Edward's plan for a conference, college course, and many poems as well as
which would have virtually assured peace, numerous prose articles and books came from
was thwarted by the brusque refusal of Ger- his pen as the years passed. School-teaching,
many and Austria. Professor Ellery Stowell an assistant librarianship at the New York
has recently affirmed that Sir Edward Grey State Library, art studies, and the successful
deserves the Nobel prize for his unremitting pursuit of painting as a profession, with
efforts toward peace during that last crucial diplomatic activities in the East in later life
week of July, 1914; yet the Germans con- such were his interests and his labors after
tinue to pour the vials of their wrath upon leaving college in 1859, in addition to his
his head, presumably because he is the one writing and lecturing and extensive trav-
who put them in the wrong before the eyes elling. Forty-five times he crossed the ocean
of the world. Equally unsuccessful is the which he learned to paint so well, and he was
author's handling of the Belgian matter, always a lover of the sea and all that apper-
about which, indeed, a well-advised German tains thereto. His style as a writer is in
apologist will say as little as possible. It harmony with the free and adventurous spirit
should be added that the letter of Dr. Cony of a born sailor. Characteristic, too, one may
beare reprinted on pages 392–400 has been venture to add, are the very lapses and errors
totally repudiated by its writer, who tried in which a critical reader might feel tempted to
vain to prevent its being published. In fair. point out in the book. For example, a careful
ness, therefore, it ought not to be printed revision of his work would doubtless have re-
here or elsewhere.
sulted in the correction of such palpable mis-
takes as "an unusual phenomena," "delib-
Our first minister to Persia,
Memories of
erate assemblies,” “Burrows (as the name
an artist, author, Samuel G. W. Benjamin, who
of our famous naturalist), “sharp sarcasm
and diplomat.
and infective," and other blemishes that mar
eighth year, left behind him a rich sheaf of
the page and distract attention.
autobiographic memories which have since
traits of the author, a list of his books and of
been published under the title, “ The Life and
Adventures of a Free Lance," with a preface
his principal paintings, and a few illustra-
tions of his style as a poet, are given. In
by Mrs. Benjamin, who says of her variously
gifted husband: "To paint, to write, or to work
later years Mr. Benjamin made his home at
solely for fortune or fame, ever stirred him
Burlington, Vermont, and it is there that his
to indignant protest. He loved things noble,
last book is published, by the Free Press
free and untrammeled.” A fine freedom, a
Company.
refreshing independence of convention, with
The discovery of a new "Mona
A recently
an earnest seeking of truth for authority discovered Lisa” fails any longer to be
rather than authority for truth, are apparent
surprising, since it has hap-
on almost every page of these varied recol- pened so often. This time it occurs at Isle-
lections of life in many lands and in sundry worth-on-Thames, London, and the picture is
callings. Born at Argos, son of an American introduced as “ the Isleworth Mona Lisa." Its
foreign missionary who saw service at Athens, owner, Mr. John R. Eyre, writes an inter-
Smyrna, Trebizond, and Constantinople, be- esting monograph on the subject, to prove
fore death cut short his activities, the author that Leonardo da Vinci painted two portraits
was sent to this country for the completion of of the wife of Francisco del Giocondo, that
his schooling, and naturally enough it was to neither is a copy of the other, and that both
Williams College, the cradle of American for- are still in existence, the newly discovered
eign missions, that the father sent him. That portrait being on the whole a better picture
died last summer
in his
seventy: af
Two por-
“ Mona Lisa."


224
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
>
than the familiar one in the Louvre. To ex- American writers is appended, and a twenty-
plain its long obscurity, a history of the can- page index closes the book. The outline
vas is given. The evidence of its genuineness sketch of English literature that fills about a
is based on quotations from contemporaneous third of the volume is compact and useful,
documents, as follows: Two letters written though not exactly a marvel of scholarship.
in 1501; a memory sketch made by Raphael Of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, the author
before 1505, which resembles the Isleworth says that he “ wrote the first sonnets ever
portrait much more closely than the portrait written in English,” and he makes no men-
in the Louvre; the drafts of two letters writ- tion of Wyatt, Surrey's senior by fourteen or
ten by Leonardo himself in 1511; and a con- fifteen years and acknowledged by him to be
versation between Leonardo and the Cardinal his master in poetry, and commonly credited
of Aragon in 1517, as reported by the Car- with having taken the lead in importing the
dinal's Secretary. By means of full-page pho- sonnet into our literature. It was a matter
tographs, placed side by side in the book, of course that Dr. Vizetelly should insist on
one may notice differences in the pose of the the desirability of spelling-reform, but his
head and in several minor details; also one pages do not shock conservative reader by
sees that the background of the new picture any radical departures from the accepted or-
remains unfinished, but is enclosed by two thography. His scholarly defence of the split
columns, and the size is somewhat larger. In infinitive is to be commended.
infinitive is to be commended. In a treatise
the way of connoisseurship, only a little so largely devoted to inculcating and illus-
testimony is offered, but that little is quite trating correct usage in English, it is a little
emphatic. Mr. P. G. Konody is quoted as say- startling to find the author allowing himself
ing: “It (the newly discovered portrait] is such questionable constructions as no less
of such superb quality that it more than holds than thirty," "equally as appropriate," and
its own when compared with the much- “applied into.” One who essays to teach
restored and repainted Louvre masterpiece clearness and conciseness as well as gram-
.. the features are more delicate, and let matical correctness should not permit himself
it be boldly stated, far more pleasing and to write such a sentence as this, descrip-
beautiful than the Louvre version.” It is tive of Sir Thomas More's best-known work:
interesting to learn that the Isleworth picture The book is a keen satire of social and eco-
is at present in this country, at the Boston nomic conditions that, judged by his other
Museum of Fine Arts, where, in the words of writings and his practise, show More's politi-
the owner, it is “in safe keeping, beyond the cal philosophy was not that of Utopia.
reach of either cannon-belching culture, the the same book we read on the same page that
false philosophy of force, or the cardinal vir- “the sanitation of cities is carefully pre-
tue of aggression.” (Scribner.)
served.” By precept, if not always by exam-
ple, Dr. Vizetelly's manual will, it is to be
Much instruction in little space hoped, promote the cause of good English,
English language is to be found in Dr. Frank H. both in speech and in writing.
and literature.
Vizetelly's "Essentials of En-
“
glish Speech and Literature.” The author is
Triumphs of
The completion of the Panama
managing editor of the “Funk and Wagnalls tropical Canal within the time allotted
New Standard Dictionary of the English Lan-
by the engineering experts is a
guage,” and it is not surprising to discover triumph not only of industrial organization
that his book incidentally impresses upon the and engineering enterprise, but also of ap-
reader the merits of that dictionary, and that plied biology in the field of sanitation. The
it bears the Funk and Wagnalls imprint. extermination of yellow fever at Havana
After a short chapter on the origin of our resulted from the discovery by Dr. Reed that
language, its growth is traced from the Anglo- a particular kind of female mosquito which
Saxon period to the time of Milton; then fol- had bitten a person in the earlier stages of
low chapters on some of the “mutations of yellow fever becomes after a lapse of twelve
form and sense" it has undergone, the alien to eighteen days thereafter a source of yellow
elements it contains, the divisions into which fever to non-immune persons who are bitten
literature falls, the function of the dictionary, by this carrier of the incubated germs of this
the dictionary as a textbook, the function of dread disease. Protection of yellow fever
grammar, the principles of phonetics and pro- patients from mosquitoes, and mosquito ex-
nunciation, with remarks on reading, rules to termination campaigns, have rid Havana,
be observed in writing for publication, indi- New Orleans, and Rio Janeiro of this great-
viduality in writing, and the corruption of est of tropical diseases, and have made pos-
speech. An alphabetical list of English and / sible the completion of the Panama Canal
Of
Fundamentals of
sanitation.


1915)
225
THE DIAL
ahead of time, and with a death rate among and Kitchen-garden. Under Island Depen-
employees less than that in industrial cities dencies, a full account is given of the plants
of temperate lands. The story of Dr. Reed's | under cultivation in Porto Rico, the Ha-
discovery and of its application to health con- waiian Islands, Guam, Tutuila, and the Phil.
trol in Cuba and Panama is told by the ex- ippine Islands. The completed work will
pert who accomplished these remarkable feats constitute a splendid storehouse of trust-
in the face of doubt and opposition, and by worthy information for all who are interested
the agency of slowly moving governmental in plants from any point of view.
agencies, in Dr. W. C. Gorgas's “Sanitation
in Panama" (Appleton). The story is not
In “The Soliloquy in German
A study of
without incidents both humorous and in-
the soliloquy in Drama" (Columbia University
German drama.
tensely dramatic. It forms one of the most
Press). Mr. Erwin Roessler has
remarkable documents in the history of scien- painstakingly traced the history of the solilo-
tific achievements, and is an incontrovertible quy from the mediæval church plays to its
argument for, and demonstration of, the true
abandonment in the realistic dramas of
nature of at least two great diseases, yellow Hauptmann and his followers. Although the
fever and malaria. It gives a logical basis
work shows much careful reading on the part
for the only rational attitude of sensible men
of the author, it is unfortunately written after
towards the ever-increasing social aspects of
the conventional pattern of many disserta-
the prevention of disease by coöperative so-
tions. The striking number of ideas frankly
cial and governmental agencies. The book is
taken over from other writers is often but a
interesting reading by reason of its simplicity, confession of the author's paucity of thought.
directness, humor, and the inclusion of a bit
Besides outlining the history of the soliloquy,
of the romantic history of Panama in days Mr. Roessler states in his Introduction that
long before Gorgas and Goethals opened this
“the investigation will attempt to throw light
highway to the world. The triumph at Pan-
on the question whether the recent drama has,
ama reveals new vistas of the possibilities of
or has not, gained in artistic effectiveness by
the conquest of the topics by civilization.
its gradual disuse of the soliloquy." In pre-
senting his body of evidence, however, the au-
The first volume of the rewrit-
thor seems to have lost sight of this purpose,
A storehouse
of horticultural ten and enlarged edition of
which does not reappear until the conclusion.
information.
Professor Liberty H. Bailey's As a result, his contention that “the elimina-
,
great horticultural reference work, “The
tion of the soliloquy of thought and feeling is
Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture” (Mac-
a loss to the drama and that their restoration
millan), was reviewed at length in the issue
will increase its artistic effectiveness," comes
of this journal for August 16, 1914. Of Vol.
as a surprise. On the basis of the examples
umes II. and III., lately published, the gen-
adduced, the reader still feels at liberty to
eral purpose and scope may be recorded with-
believe that the disuse of the soliloquy is not
out extended comment. The three volumes only an important step in the advancement
now completed, representing one-half of the
of the drama, but also a boon to the more
whole work, comprise 1760 pages, with 2047 sophisticated audience of the present day. It
illustrations. The second volume begins with
is unfortunate that the author has not com-
Cabbage, and ends with Experiment Stations
mand of an English style that would tend to
and Extension Teaching in Horticulture.
make his discussion more readable. The an-
The third volume begins with Faba (a genus
cient use of the soliloquy does not exceed in
of beans), and ends with Kyllinga (a genus of frequency Mr. Roessler's use of the rhetorical
sedges). Each important title is presented question. In spite of these deficiencies, how-
and signed by a recognized authority upon
ever, the book may well be recommended to
the subject. To select from the hundreds of
those in search of a summary of the subject.
titles a few for special mention is impossible,
Since the first issue of his
for the important ones are numerous. In the
A Revolutionary
hero and martyr. “Nathan Hale, 1776,” fourteen
two volumes before us, such plant titles as
years ago, Professor Henry
Carnation, Chrysanthemum, Citrus, Corn, Phelps Johnston has had access to consid,
,
Dahlia, Ferns, Grape, occupy the most space. erable new material in the shape of original
But even more important to many are such manuscripts dating back to Hale's time and
general titles as Color in Flowers, Diseases, throwing fresh light on his heroic character
Drainage, Exhibitions, Experiment Stations, and the fatal act of courage that has made
Fertilizers, Floriculture, Flower, Forcing, him an object of increasing interest and ad-
Frost, Fruit-growing, Horticulture (includ- miration to posterity. The Hale correspon-
ing the literature of the subject), Irrigation, 'dence and other papers now number nearly


226
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
seventy separate pieces, of which sixty-four
NOTES.
are printed, wholly or in part, in the new
edition of Professor Johnston's book, which is
A picture of England as presented in English
published in handsome form by the Yale Uni-
literature has been completed by Mr. Edward
versity Press. These sixty-four pieces are, as
Thomas, and is soon to be published under the
title, "A Literary Pilgrim in England."
he explains, mainly letters; ten of them, with
other papers, being from Hale's pen, the others
Seven of Strindberg's shorter prose tales have
been collected into a volume soon to be published
from college classmates and later associates.
by Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co. under the title,
Relegation of most of these documents to the
“The German Lieutenant, and Other Stories."
appendix has made possible a more connected
Professor Joseph Jastrow's work on Character
and smoothly flowing narrative in the body and Temperament,” which was first announced for
of the book. Accompanying the volume is a publication several months ago, is soon to appear
supplementary leaflet giving the lately dis- in Messrs. Appleton's “ Conduct of the Mind
covered description of Hale by his fellow Series."
officer, Lieutenant Elisha Bostwick. Illustra- A forthcoming addition, the first that has been
tions show the Hale homestead and monument made for a long time, to Messrs. Appleton's
at South Coventry, Connecticut, the hero- “Literatures of the World" series, is “A History
martyr's powder-horn and other personal be- of Latin Literature,” by Professor Marcus Dims-
longings, examples of his autograph and his
dale, of the University of Cambridge.
father's, and the site of his execution. Bibli- The late Mr. F. Hopkinson Smith's last novel,
ography and index round out this notable “Felix O'Day," of which he had completed the
memorial to one whose last words will not
final revision of proofs just before his death, will
soon cease to stir the soul, — “I only regret inst. The scenes are laid in New York City.
be published by Messrs. Scribners on the 18th
that I have but one life to lose for my
The “Memories and Anecdotes of Miss Kate
country.”
Sanborn, which Messrs. Putnam will publish dur-
BRIEFER MENTION.
ing the autumn, will contain personal reminiscences
of a host of American celebrities, from Emerson to
As the editors hint in their Preface to the 1915
Mark Twain, and is likely to prove delightful
edition of “The Statesman's Year-Book" (Mac-
reading.
millan), the difficulties confronted in the revision
of the work for this present year of upheaval
The fourth volume of “Glimpses of the Cos-
must have been rather staggering. Yet they have
mos: A Mental Autobiography," by Lester F.
been bravely met, and the work seems to have
Ward, is announced by Messrs. Putnam. It deals
suffered little in consequence. During the fifty-
with the period 1885-1893, between the forty-
two years in which it has annually appeared,
fourth and fifty-second years of the distinguished
“ The Statesman's Year-Book” has made a place
author's life.
for itself which no other reference book has been
Two interesting interpretations of great writers,
able to encroach upon, and to praise either its evidently the first volumes in a projected series,
plan or its execution would now be almost an are announced by the Bobbs-Merrill Co. in Pro-
impertinence.
fessor William Lyon Phelps's “ Browning: How
Of the always valuable special numbers issued to Know Him," and Professor Bliss Perry's
from time to time by “ The International Studio” “ Carlyle: How to Know Him."
(John Lane Co.), the latest two are “ The Year- In her volume on “ Six French Poets," which
Book of Decorative Art” for 1915, and a mono- the Macmillan Co. is soon to publish, Miss Amy
graph on “ Old English Mansions." The first Lowell will present a series of biographical and
named is devoted in largest part to a review of critical essays dealing with Emile Verhaeren, Al-
recent developments in English domestic architec-
bert Samain, Remy de Gourmont, Henri de Reg.
ture, particularly small country houses and cot-
nier, Francis Jammes, and Paul Fort.
tages. But there are also chapters on “Architec-
ture and Decoration in the United States,"
Two interesting contributions to the literature of
“ Wall-paper Designers and their work," and
the stage are announced by Messrs. Lippincott in
Mr. Maurice Sand's “ The History of the Harle-
“ British Decoration." As usual with the “Studio"
quinade” and Mr. Mark E. Perugini's “The Art
publications, the illustrations (including several
of the Ballet." The first-named work will contain
plates in colors) are profuse in number and irre-
a number of hand-colored illustrations.
proachable in execution. The purpose of Old
English Mansions " is to present a collection of
A single-volume edition of Mr. Graham Bal-
sixty excellent full-page reproductions of the
four's “Life of Robert Louis Stevenson," in
architectural drawings of Joseph Nash, C. J. condensed form but containing some new and inter-
Richardson, J. D. Harding, Henry Shaw, and esting matter, is in press with Messrs. Scribner.
other early nineteenth century draughtsmen who
A series of topographical illustrations by Mr.
have preserved for posterity a graphic record of Kerr Eby will be a special feature of the volume.
many of England's storied homes. "To the archi- We are glad to note the forthcoming publication
tect, no less than to the lay reader of antiquarian by Mr. Thomas B. Mosher of three volumes inaugu-
bent, the volume should make a strong appeal. rating a series of “Lyra Americana." The initial


1915]
227
THE DIAL
6. The
titles comprise “The Rose-Jar," by Mr. Thomas S. tion, notably library and school legislation, and the
Jones, Jr.; “A Handful of Lavender," by Lizette usual brief reports from all public libraries in the
Woodworth Reese; and “The Rose from the State, a “ Directory for Library Supplies and
Ashes," by Miss Edith M. Thomas. The quality of Other Items of General Interest," and reports from
these three writers is a hopeful augury of the the California Library Association, the Board of
standards evidently to be maintained by the series. Library Examiners, and the State Library, with
Mr. Burton E. Stevenson has compiled and Mr.
classified list of recent accessions to the latter.
Willy Pogany has illustrated “ The Home Book of For some years past, the late Professor Thomas
Verse for Young People," which endeavors to do R. Lounsbury had been engaged upon a literary
for children the same service that Mr. Stevenson biography of Tennyson. It was not his purpose
did for adult readers in “ The Home Book of to cover the entire life of the poet, but only the
Verse.” It will be published this month by Messrs. most interesting part of it, ending with the pub-
Holt.
lication of the “Idylls of the King." At the time
An addition to Napoleonic literature in the shape
of his death, Professor Lounsbury had reached the
of a volume of “Letters of Captain Engelbert
annus mirabilis, when "In Memoriam " appeared
Lutyens, Orderly Officer at Longwood, St. Helena,
and Tennyson was appointed Poet Laureate.
February, 1820 -- November, 1823," edited from
These chapters, some of which were left incom-
plete, have been prepared for the press by Pro-
the originals in the British Museum by Sir Lees
Knowles, is one of the forthcoming publications of
fessor Cross, and will be published in the autumn.
the John Lane Co.
A collected edition in two volumes of “ The
A collected edition of_the poems of Rupert ited from the original manuscript and authentic
Political Writings of Jean Jacques Rousseau," ed-
Brooke, the gifted young Englishman who recently editions, with introduction and notes, by Profes-
died from sunstroke while serving in the Dar-
sor C. E. Vaughan, is in preparation at the Cam-
danelles campaign, will be brought out this month
bridge University Press. The editor's aim has
by the John Lane Co. The volume will contain a
been to collect all the political writings of Rous-
biographical introduction by Miss Margaret Hav-
ington, and a photogravure portrait.
seau in one body and present them for the first
time in the text which Rousseau actually wrote,
“The Popular Science Monthly” has been as well as to define his place in the history of
bought by the Modern Publishing Company of political thought. At present the printed material
New York City, and consolidated with
is scattered over numerous volumes, various pieces
World's Advance," formerly “Popular Elec- which have come to light during the last sixty
tricity. The two magazines will be merged under years having not yet been included in the collected
the title of “ The Popular Science Monthly," Works." Some further Fragments
beginning with the November issue. Mr. Walde- added which have hitherto remained buried in the
mar Kaempffert, for a long time editor of the library of Neuchatel. These include several slight
monthly, will continue in that position.
autobiographical pieces which throw a certain
Three critical studies of the work of famous amount of light on the frame of mind in which
authors will be published at once by Messrs. Dodd,
the Confessions were written. The treatise on
Mead & Co. Mr. P. P. Howe discusses Mr. Ber-
Corsica has hitherto been known only in a faulty
nard Shaw's personality as well as the various
text.
phases of his work; Miss Una Taylor offers a The committee in charge of the Dramatic Mu-
criticism of M. Maeterlinck as poet, playwright, seum of Columbia University is issuing in limited
and philosopher; Mr. Forrest Reid, in his volume
editions several series of documents dealing with
on Mr. W. B. Yeats, includes a biography, al- the theory and the practice of the art of the
though he is more concerned with Mr. Yeats as a
theatre,— reprints of inaccessible essays and ad-
writer than as a man.
dresses, translations from foreign tongues, and
The first edition in English of the great Russian
original papers. These documents are furnished
epic, “ The Armament of Igor,” is about to be
with introductions, and they are annotated ade-
published by the Oxford University Press. The
quately, but succinctly. The second series (to be
editor is Mr. L. A. Magnus, LL.D., who has writ-
ready for distribution in October), will consist of
« The
ten a general introduction and gives a revised text,
the following four papers on acting:
Illusion of the First Time in Acting," by Mr.
with translation, full notes, genealogical tables, etc.
The poem, which describes a disastrous foray by
William Gillette, with an introduction by Mr.
George Arliss; “Art and the Actor," by Constant
Igor Svyatoslavic in 1185, forms part of the ordi-
Coquelin; translated by Abby Langdon Alger,
nary school course in Russia, and outside Russia is
with an introduction by Mr. Henry James; “Mrs.
set for university courses in Slavonic; and the
Siddons as Lady Macbeth and Queen Katherine,"
English edition is intended for both the student
by Mr. H. C. Fleeming Jenkin, with an introduc-
and the general reader.
tion by Professor Brander Matthews;
" Reflex-
The current quarterly “ News Notes of Califor- ions on Acting,” by Talma, with an introduction
nia Libraries," a pamphlet of three hundred by Sir Henry Irving and a review by Mr. H. C.
double-column pages, devotes thirty-nine of those Fleeming Jenkin. Like the previous set of four
pages to an annotated list of material in the State volumes on play-making, this new series will be
Library on the subject of California Indians. It issued in an edition limited to 300 copies available
also contains a review of recent California legisla- to the public.
are now


228
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
.
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS.
The Life and Times of Tennyson, by Thomas R.
Lounsbury, LL.D. (Yale University Press.)
The classified list of books announced for My Harvest, by Richard Whiteing, illus., $2.50 net.
autumn and winter publication, herewith pre-
- Recollections of an Irish Judge, Press, Bar, and
Parliament, by M. McD. Bodkin, illus., $3. net.-
sented in accordance with a long-time annual
S. N. Castle, Hawaiian missionary and pioneer, by
custom of this journal, is as nearly complete
W. R. Castle, illus., $2.50 net. - The Rival Sul-
as the exigencies of the publishing business tanas, Nell Gwyn, Louise de Keroualle, and Hor.
and the necessary coöperation of the pub- tense Mancini, by H. Noel Williams, illus., $3.50
lishers in supplying the needed data have
net.- Court Life from Within, by H. R. H. the
Infanta Eulalia of Spain, illus., $2.50 net. - The
permitted us to make it. As usual, consid-
Life of Bernal Diaz del Castillo, by R. B. Cun.
erations of space have made necessary the ninghame Graham, illus., $2. net.- My Life, the
carrying over to our next issue of the two autobiography of Richard Wagner, popular edition,
departments, "School and College Text-
2 vols., $3.50 net.— The Voyages of Captain Scott,
Books” and “Books for the Young.” Inclu-
retold from “The Voyage of the Discovery!" and
“Scott's Last Expedition,” by Charles Turley, with
sive of these categories, the list comprises this Introduction by James M. Barrie, illus. in photo-
year approximately sixteen hundred titles, gravure, etc., $2. net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
representing the output of some sixty pub- Makers of the Nineteenth century, first vols. :
lishers,- surely a surprisingly good showing
Abraham Lincoln, by Lord Charnwood; Herbert
in view of the abnormal conditions brought
Spencer, by Hugh s. Elliot; John Delane, by E. T.
Cook; per vol., $1.75 net. - Hitting the Dark Trail,
about by the war. In the leading editorial starshine through thirty years of night, by Clarence
in this issue of THE DIAL, some of the more Hawkes, illus., $1.25 net. (Henry Holt & Co.)
notable and interesting features of the present Vagrant Memories, by William Winter, illus., $3. net.
announcement list are commented upon.
-John Calvin, his life, letters, and work, by Hugh
Y. Reyburn, D.D., $3. net.— The Life of Andrew
Martin Fairbairn, by W. B. Selbie, D.D., $3, net.
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
(George H. Doran Co.)
Life, Letters, and Journals of John Muir.— Julia
Reminiscences and Letters of Sir Robert Ball, edited
Ward Howe, 1819 to 1910, by Laura E. Richards
by W. Valentine Ball, illus. in photogravure, etc.,
and Maud Howe Elliott, limited edition, 2 vols.,
illus., $7.50 net.— Reminiscences, by Lyman Abbott,
$5. net.— The Henry Ford Book, help the other
fellow, by Henry Ford, with Introduction by
illus., $3.50 net.— The Life of Lord Strathcona
and Mount Royal, by Beckles Willson, 2 vols., illus.,
Thomas A. Edison, illus., $1.50 net.— Tad and
$6.50 net.— The Life and Letters of John Hay,
His Father, an appreciation of Lincoln, by F.
based on his diaries and correspondence, by William
Lauriston Bullard, with frontispiece, 50 cts. net.
(Little, Brown & Co.)
Roscoe Thayer, 2 vols., illus., $5. net - The Fall
of Mary Stuart, by Frank A. Mumby, illus., $3.
The Life of John Wilkes, by Horace Bleackley, illus.,
net.- Kings and Queens of England, edited by
$5. net.- Patron and Place Hunter, the life of
Robert S. Rait, M.A., and William Page, F.S.A.,
George Bubb Dodington, Lord Melcombe, by Lloyd
new vols.: The Life of Henry V., by R. B. Mowat;
Sanders, illus., $5. net.- Nollekens and His Times,
The Life of Henry VI., by Mrs. Christie; each
by John Thomas Smith, first illustrated edition,
illus., per vol., $2.50 net.- Brissot de Warville, by
edited by Wilfrid Whitten, with biographical In-
Eloise Ellery, $1.75 net. (Houghton Mifflin Co.)
troduction, 2 vols., $7.50 net.- A Painter of
The Life of Clara Barton, by Percy H. Epler, illus.,
Dreams, by A. M. W. Stirling, illus., $3.50 net.-
My Years at the Austrian Court, by Nellie Ryan,
$2.50 net.- In the Footsteps of Napoleon, his life
illus., $3. net. (John Lane Co.)
and its famous scenes, illus., $2.50 net.— The Life
of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, by
The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci, by A. J. Ander-
W. F. Monypenny and George Earl Buckle, Vol.
son, illus. in photogravure, etc., $4. net. - Charles
IV., illus., $3. net.— Henry Codman Potter, Sev-
Baudelaire, his life, by Theophile Gautier, trans.
enth Bishop of New York, by George Hodges, illus.,
by Guy Thorne, with portraits, $3.50 net.— The
$3.50 net. (Macmillan Co.)
Jolly Duchess, Harriott, Duchess of St. Albans,
fifty years' record of stage and society, 1787 to
Memories of a Publisher, by George Haven Putnam,
1837, by Charles E. Pearce, illus., $4. net. (Bren-
with portrait, $2. net.- Sixty Years in the Wil-
tano's.)
derness, reminiscences of Sir Henry W. Lucy, Vol.
III., Nearing Jordan, illus., $3. net.- The Every-
On the Trail of Stevenson, by Clayton Hamilton,
illus. by Walter Hale, $3. net. (Doubleday, Page
day Life of Abraham Lincoln, by Francis F.
& Co.)
Browne, new and cheaper edition, with portraits,
$1.75 net.- Memories and Anecdotes, by Kate
The Story of a Pioneer, by Anna Howard Shaw, illus.,
Sanborn, illus., $2. net.— Isabel of Castile, and the
$2. net. (Harper & Brothers.)
making of the Spanish Nation, by Ierne Plunkett, The Story of Yone Noguchi, told by himself, illus. in
illus., $2.50 net. — (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
color by Yoshio Markino, $1.50 net.— The Heart
Emma Darwin, a century of family letters, 1792 to of Lincoln, anecdotes and reminiscences, by Wayne
1896, edited by Henrietta Litchfield, 2 vols., illus.
Whipple, with portrait, 50 cts. net. (George W.
in photogravure, etc., $5. net.— Forty Years in
Jacobs & Co.)
Constantinople, recollections of Sir Edwin Pears, Napoleon in Exile at St. Helena, 1815 to 1821, by
1873-1915, illus., $5. net. (D. Appleton & Co.) Norwood Young, 2 vols., illus., $7. net. (John C.
My Childhood, by Maxim Gorky, $2. net.- Pleasures
Winston Co.)
and Palaces, by Princess Lazarovich-Hrebeliano- Memoirs Relating to the Empress Josephine, by
vich, illus., $3. net.- Marie Tarnowska, by A. Vi- Georgette Ducrest, illus., $1. net.- Heroines of the
vanti Chartres, illus., $1.50 net. (Century Co.) Modern Stage, by Forrest Izard, illus., $1.50 net.-


1915]
229
THE DIAL
Sarah Bernhardt, an appreciation, by Forrest Izard, conflict in some of the most notable battles of the
50 cts. net. (Sturgis & Walton Co.)
Civil War, by Clifton Johnson, illus., $2. net.-
Fanny Crosby's Own Story, by S. Trevena Jackson,
The Fall of Tsingtau, by Jefferson Jones, illus.,
illus., $1. net.- Missionary Crusaders, by Claude
$2. net.-- The Revolution in Virginia, the Tories
Field, illus., $1. net.- The Real Billy Sunday, by
and the Patriot Fathers, by H. J. Eckenrode.— The
ah P. Brown, illus., $1. net.- John Hus, the
Emancipation of Massachusetts, by Brooks Adams,
martyr of Bohemia, by W. N. Schwarze, Ph.D.,
$1.50 net. (Houghton Mifflin Co.)
illus., 75 cts. net.— Dwight L. Moody, by John High Lights of the French Revolution, by Hilaire
McDowell, 25 cts. net.- Tolstoy, the man and his Belloc, illus, in color, etc., $3. net. (Century Co.)
message, by Edward A. Steiner, new edition, illus.,
The Fighting Cheyennes, a history of a great and
$1.50 net. - Early Heroes of the Mission Field
and Modern Heroes of the Mission Field, by W.
typical Indian tribe, by George Bird Grinnell, with
Pakenham Walsh, new editions, each with frontis-
maps, $3.50 net.- Original Narratives of Early
American History, new vol.: Narratives of Early
piece, per vol., 50 cts. net. (Fleming H. Revell
Co.)
Southwestern History, edited by Herbert E. Bol.
ton, illus., $3. net.- A History of Events in Egypt
Luther Burbank, his life and work, by Henry Smith from 1798 to 1914, by Arthur E. P. Weigall, illus.,
Williams, LL.D., illus. in color, etc., $2.50 net. $2.25 net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
(Hearst's International Library Co.)
History of the Norwegian People, by Knut Gjerset,
Anna Jameson, letters and friendship, 1812 to 1860,
Ph.D., 2 vols., illus., $8. net.- Economic Origins
edited by Mrs. Stewart Erskine, illus.- Camille of Jeffersonian Democracy, by Charles A. Beard,
des Moulins, by Violet Methlay.- Life of Purcell,
$3. net.- The Writings of John Quincy Adams,
the master musician, by Percy Scholes, $1.25 net.
edited by Worthington C. Ford, Vol. VI., $3.50 net.
(E. P. Dutton & Co.)
(Macmillan Co.)
Madame du Barry, a king's favorite, by Claude Saint-
The Germans and Africa, by Evans Lewin, with In-
Andre, with Introduction by Pierre de Nolhac, illus.
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in photogravure, etc., $3.50 net. (McBride, Nast
the Polish Question, by Ninian Hill, illus., $3. net.
& Co.)
A History of Babylon, by Leonard W. King,
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worth, illus., $1.50 net. (Bobbs-Merrill Co.)
Medieval Italy, by H. B. Cotterill, M.A.; Wales,
The Life of Stevenson, by Graham Balfour, revised by Gilbert Stone, LL.B.; each illus., per vol., $2.50
from the larger work with new matter, illus. by net.— Serbia, her people, history, and aspirations,
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Scribner's Sons.)
Stokes Co.)
Henry Augustus Coit, by James Carter Knox, illus., The French Army before Napoleon, by Spenser Wil-
$1. net. (Longmans, Green, & Co.)
kinson.— A Short History of Russia, by Lucy Caza-
Autobiography of George William Puddefoot, illus., let.- Bamff Charters, 1232 to 1703, edited, with
$1.50 net.- The Life of George Augustus Gates, by
Introduction, bibliographical summary, and notes,
Isabel Smith Gates, $1. net. - Life of J. Brierly,
by James H. Ramsay. - The Provision for His-
$1. net. (Pilgrim Press.)
torical Studies at Oxford, by John L. Myres.
The Stone of Help, autobiography of A. B. Leonard,
(Oxford University Press.)
$1.50 net.- John Morgan Walden, by David H. Records of Civilization, first vols.: Hellenic Civiliza-
Moore, $1. net. (Methodist Book Concern.)
tion, by G. W. Botsford and E. H. Sihler; The
Personal Memoirs of Lucien Calvin Warner, illus., $1.
History of the Franks, by Gregory of Tours, trans.,
net. (Association Press.)
with notes, by Ernest Brehaut, Ph.D.; The Book
Great Men, a series of modern life-stories, new vol.:
of the Popes, trans. by Louise R. Loomis, Ph.D.
Wagner, illus., 75 cts. net. (F. A. Stokes Co.)
(Columbia University Press.)
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241
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242
(Sept. 16
THE DIAL
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1915]
243
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
( The following list, containing 53 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Reminiscences and Letters of Sir Robert Ball. Ed-
ited by his son, W. Valentine Ball. Illustrated
in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, 408 pages.
Little, Brown & Co. $5. net.
Modern Germany and Her Historians (Niebuhr,
Ranke, Mommsen, Sybel, and Treitschke). By
Antoine Guilland. Illustrated, large 8vo, 360
pages. McBride, Nast & Co. $2.25 net.
Hitting the Dark Trall: Starshine through Thirty
Years of Night. By Clarence Hawkes. Illug-
trated, 12mo, 176 pages. Henry Holt & Co.
$1. net.
John M. Synge: A Few Personal Recollections.
With biographical notes by John Masefield.
With portrait, 8vo, 35 pages. Macmillan Co.
$1. net.
The War Lords. By A. G. Gardiner. With por-
traits, 16mo, 326 pages.
Wayfarer's
Library." E. P. Dutton & Co. 40 cts. net.
" The
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The Modern Study of Literature: An Introduction
by Jerome D. Travers and Grantland Rice, illus.,
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American School, by Walter S. Hinchman; Cost of
Living, by Fabian Franklin; Socialism in America,
by John Macy; American Ideals, by Clayton Sedg.
wick Cooper; The Federal Reserve, by H. Parker
Willis; per vol., 60 cts, net. (Doubleday, Page &
Co.)
The Making of an American's Library, by Arthur E.
Bostwick, $1. net.— The Scout Law in Practice,
by Arthur A. Carey, 60 cts. net. (Little, Brown
& Co.)
Rifles and Ammunition, by H. Ommundsen and Er-
nest H. Robinson, $5. net. (Funk & Wagnalls
Co.)
Construction of the Panama Canal, by William L.
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paper Editing, by Grant M. Hyde, $1.50 net.-Art
of Story-telling, by Marie Shedlock, $1.50 net. (D.
Appleton & Co.)
Law and Its Administration, by Harlan F. Stone.
(Columbia University Press.)
A Sketch of English Legal History, by Frederic W.
Maitland, LL.D., and Francis C. Montague, M.A.,
edited by James F. Colby, $1.25 net.— Popular
Stories of Ancient Egypt, by G. Maspero, D.C.L.,
third edition, $3.50 net. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Photoplay Scenarios, how to write and sell them, by
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national Library Co.)
Spies in History, past and present, by W. R. H.
Trowbridge, illus., $4. net. (Brentano's.)
Revelations of an International Spy, diplomatic and
political secrets of the past fifteen years, by I. T. T.
Lincoln, $1.50 net. (McBride, Nast & Co.)
Auction under the Laws of 1915, by Milton C. Work,
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The Automobile Book, a practical treatise on the con.
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ton Foster, $1. net - The Dog, an anthology, by
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& Walton Co.)
America's Best Funny Stories, Vol. I., Men and Things,
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How to Write for the “Movies,” a text-book for
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Public Libraries and Literary Culture in Ancient
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Royalton, a game of auction bridge whist, by G. M. B.
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Chips that Pass in the Night, by Drury Underwood.-
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Culture by Conversation, by Robert Waters, cheaper
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to Literary Theory and Interpretation. By
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versity of Chicago Press. $2.50 net.
Essays for College Men: Second Series. Chosen by
Norman Foerster, Frederick A. Manchester, and
Karl Young. 12mo, 387 pages. Henry Holt &
Co.
Just Human. By Frank Crane. 12mo, 255 pages.
John Lane Co. $1. net.
VERSE AND DRAMA.
Belgian Poems: Chantes Patriotiques et Autres
Poèmes. Par Emile Cammaerts; translated by
Tita Brand-Cammaerts. With portrait, 12mo,
183 pages. John Lane Co. $1.50 net.
The Beau of Bath, and Other One-act Plays of
Eighteenth Century Life. By Constance D'Arcy
Mackay. Illustrated, 12mo, 90 pages. Henry
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War Poems, and Other Translations. By Lord
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Jane Clegg: A Play in Three Acts. By St. John
Ervine. 12mo, 112 pages. Henry Holt & Co.
80 cts. net.
Armageddon: A Modern Epic Drama. By Stephen
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Scandinavian Classics. New Volumes: Poems and
Songs, by Björnstjerne Björnson, translated
from the Norwegian by Arthur Hubbell Palmer;
Master Olof, by August Strindberg, translated
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American-Scandinavian Foundation. Each,
$1.50 net.
The Poems of Mu "Tamid, King of Seville Ren-
dered into English verse, with an Introduction,
by Dulcie Lawrence Smith. 16mo, 60 pages.
“Wisdom of the East Series." E. P. Dutton &
Co. 40 cts. net.
El Capitan Veneno: A Drama. By Don Pedro A. de
Alarcon; translated by Gray Casement Large
8vo, 101 pages. Cleveland, O.: Gardner Print-
ing Co.
His Lady of the Sonnets. By_Robert W. Norwood.
12mo, 85 pages.
Sherman, French & Co. $1. net.
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250
(Sept. 30
THE DIAL
A Protest Against the New Tyranny
WHICH IS NOT THE NEARLY OBSOLETE DESPOTISM OF
ONE MAN OVER THE PEOPLE BUT THE NEWER DESPOTISM
of Overzealous and Indiscriminate Popular Legislation
OVER THE RIGHTS OF THE INDIVIDUAL CITIZEN
The dangers to America from this new tyranny have been ably pointed out in the August
FORUM by Mr. Truxtun Beale, the eminent publicist and donor to education. In this con-
tribution he shows how applicable to our present-day conditions are the remarkable essays by
Herbert Spencer published in England fifty years ago under the title THE MAN vs. THE
STATE. THE FORUM will republish eight of these essays serially, each chapter to be
accompanied by expository articles on its present-day significance, these articles being specially
written by the most eminent American authorities. Beginning in the September FORUM
with Senator Root's article, the chapters with their expository contributors are as follows:
The New Toryism
Tho Coming Slavery
By ELIHU ROOT
By HENRY CABOT LODGE
The Great Political Superstition
Specialized Legislation
By NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER
By CHARLES W. ELIOT
The Duty of the State
From Freedom to Bondage
By WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT
By AUGUSTUS P. GARDNER
Over Logislation
The Postscript
By JUDGE E. H. GARY
By DAVID JAYNE HILL
A Real Public Service is Being Rendered in this Symposium
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1915)
251
THE DIAL
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Politics apd
Crowd Morality
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E. P. DUTTON & CO., Publishers, 681 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK


252
(Sept. 30, 1915
THE DIAL
Notable New Macmillan Books
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64-66 Selishod., N.Y. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
On Sale Wherever
Books are Sold


THE DIAL
A Fortnightly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
Vol. LIX.
SEPTEMBER 30, 1915
No. 702
THE GREAT VOCATION.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
THE GREAT VOCATION. Grant Showerman 253
CASUAL COMMENT
256
The simultaneous nutrition of mind and body.
- French literary genius as food for can-
non.- Un pular periodicals.- South Af-
rica's favorite author.-A new use for the
card catalogue.- Reading in bed.— The psy-
chological wherefore of the woman librarian.
- Herr Lissauer's literary lapse.—The ago-
nies of " moving day” in a large library.-
The real things of life.-Warsaw's literary
treasure.—The favorite reading of clergymen.
- Literary artists in the trenches.- In-
struction in library economy in Holland.
COMMUNICATIONS
261
A French Translation of “
Egoist.”
Benj. M. Woodbridge.
The German War Book. Saml. A. Tannen-
baum.
Elements of the Short Story. 1. M. Rubi-
. The
now.
Insistence on the practical in education is
one of the no new things under the sun.
“When went there by an age, since the great flood,"
without its wiseacres of the cross-roads and the
market unable to see the good in this or that
study, without its self-made men to point with
pride to their own manufacture as a satisfac-
tory proof that book-learning was futile, with-
out its half-educated prophets to encourage the
unenlightened discontent of pupil and parent?
Fortunately for both the intellectual and
practical affairs of the world, however, educa-
tional matters have never been for any length
of time wholly in the control of either the
wiseacres or the self-made man or the educa-
tional demagogue. At really crucial moments,
these personages have usually been inspired
with the good sense, if not to leave educational
policy to intellectual experts, at least them-
selves to act under expert guidance. Society
on the whole has submitted itself, in intellec-
tual matters, to intellectual leadership.
With the advance of democracy, there has
been in this respect a tendency to change. The
emphasis upon the people's right to be edu-
cated, and upon government's duty and privi-
lege to educate them, has had effects both bad
and good. Among the good, especially in the
United States, have been the dissemination of
educational opportunity and the elevation of
the popular level of intelligence. Among the
bad has been the tendency toward popular
control of educational ideals and educational
policy. Government has been of the people,
by the people, and for the people; and educa-
tion, too, the gift and the instrument of gov-
ernment, has tended to be of the people, by the
people, and for the people. The dissemina-
tion of popular educational opportunity and
the elevation of the level of popular intelli-
gence have been accompanied by a restriction
of expert opportunity and a lowering of the
level of expert intelligence. Great numbers of
the people are ambitious to acquire the knowl-
edge so easily accessible, but only because
knowledge is a useful instrument in practical
affairs. Comparatively few conceive of it as a
source of growth into full stature rather than
.
A CENTURY'S RECORDS OF TWO FAMOUS
FAMILIES. T. D. A. Cockerell .
263
THE NEW RUSSIA. Frederic Austin 099 . 264
Wiener's An Interpretation of the Russian
People.- Vinogradoff's The Russian Problem.
— Mackail's Russia's Gift to the World.-
Graham's Russia and the World.- Garstin's
Friendly Russia.— Hubback's Russian Real-
ities.--Young's Abused Russia.
A VIENNESE PLAYWRIGHT IN ENGLISH.
Winifred Smith .
267
THE BUILDING OF WASHINGTON. Fiske
Kimball
269
AN AUTHORITATIVE HISTORY OF THE
JAPANESE PEOPLE. Payson J. Treat 270
RECENT POETRY. Raymond M. Alden . 271
Phillips's Panama, and Other Poems.-- Ste-
phens's Songs from the Clay.- Binyon's The
Winnowing Fan.— Miss Cornford's Spring
Morning.- Miss Mackellar's The Witch-Maid,
and Other Verses. Miss Davis's Crack o'
Dawn.- Hooker's Poems.- Frost's North of
Boston. Mackaye's The Present Hour.-
Bynner's The New World.
NOTES ON NEW NOVELS
276
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
277
Welfare work in modern industry.- French
faith and works in the great war.- - Memories
of a blind poet and naturalist.- Mr. Wells's
" holiday in book-making."— Decorating and
furnishing the city apartment.-- Our national
government and its work.-A résumé of the
Chinese Revolution. The home library's
larger possibilities.-An enemy's estimate of
the Germans.
BRIEFER MENTION
281
NOTES ..
282
TOPICS IN OCTOBER PERIODICALS
283
ADDITIONAL FALL ANNOUNCEMENTS . 284
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
. 288
•
.
.


254
(Sept. 30
THE DIAL
an instrument. Fewer still are born again, already looking for salvation to the rise of
into the Kingdom of the Intellectual, to realize institutions unprejudiced by popular control.
the significance of the higher life of the mind To be more concrete: we have heard a great
both to the individual and to society. The deal of late about the high school as the
majority principle is prevailing in educational "people's college," and of its duty to prepare
sentiment as well as at the polls, and the great the people's sons and daughters for "life.”
numbers are having their way.
Those who are of this mind are thinking of
Among the manifestations of this popular "life" in vocational terms, as the earning of a
control of ideals and policy, none is more livelihood in some trade, business, or profes-
noticeable than the recent and growing de- sion. If a girl wishes to be a stenographer or
mand for vocational training. This, too, is no bookkeeper, if a boy intends to follow a clerical
new thing under the sun. There has always or mechanical calling, the public school, ac-
been a demand for vocational training - a just cording to the vocational enthusiast, should
,
and necessary demand; and the demand has prepare them to make an easy and more or less
usually met with some manner of response. direct transition from the school room to their
Expert professional men and craftsmen pro- chosen occupations. Literature, music, lan-
mote the general welfare, and it is the interest guage, algebra, history, and all studies and
as well as the duty of society to encourage parts of studies which do not contribute di-
expertness in some substantial way. In major rectly and immediately to this purpose, are not
degree, the response is to be seen in the elabo- “vital,” and are to be regarded as mere accom-
rate European systems of technical schools.plishments, if not as a pure waste of the pupil's
In minor degree, it is to be seen in the time and the people's money.
much less extensive and effective provision of This is easy logic, as is all logic based on
America.
imperfect understanding. The friends of lib-
There is, nevertheless, something new in eral education, or general culture, or pure
regard to vocational training. It is to be learning, or whatever we choose to call the
observed especially in the United States. This education that is accused of not preparing for
new thing is, not the establishment of voca- “life,” are able to see the vocational argument,
tional courses or schools, but the establishment but their vision does not find there the limit of
of them at the expense of the general intellec- its range.
tual ideal. If the European countries are In the first place, vocational training worthy
allowing the “ vocationalizing” of gymnasium, of the name in the high school is practically
lycée, or college, it is at most in very slight impossible. Actual count would demonstrate
degree. Europe has met the demand for tech- that the number of vocational subjects in
nical instruction by reaching down into its which courses could be devised is so great that
pocket and equipping real technical schools, provision for school instruction in even a frac-
separate and efficient, preserving intact the tion of them would require an outlay in build-
institutions that have so long stood for the ings, apparatus, and teachers far greater than
higher intellectual life. The United States, that more or less grudgingly furnished for
realizing the need, but lacking the Old World's the present comparatively simple programme.
courage and enlightenment, is robbing her Further, with the most generous provision,
high schools and colleges to satisfy the popular some vocations considered important by many
demand for the vocational, with the result that a pupil and parent would still remain unrepre-
not only is vocational training provided only sented. Why the privilege of free instruction
in form, but that higher education is preserved in carpentering and accounting, and not in
only in form. The college of liberal arts in the barbering and shoemaking, plumbing and
university is already in great part profession-manicuring! Logically and practically, com-
alized, and the high school is fast becoming plete satisfaction would be impossible.
vocationalized, in spirit if not in actual fact. Until, therefore, the State shall have secured
Liberal education in the college, except as it is the moral and financial support necessary to
accidental to professional preparation, is the institution of large numbers of technical
threatened with extinction; and liberal educa- courses and schools, it will have to limit its
tion in the State institutions in general, both instruction to such vocations as come the near-
secondary and higher, is in so serious a condi- est to being common to all the pupils and to
tion of discouragement that its friends are the State itself.
a


1915)
255
THE DIAL
ENED CIT
Of the absolutely universal vocation, there duction of the ideal citizen and of the ideal
is one example, and only one. This is the State.
GREAT VOCATION — the vocation of ENLIGHT- Compared with the vocation of enlightened
ENSHIP.
citizenship, all other vocations are special.
The phrase may not be in common use, and They are not separate from it, however. Un-
the idea may not be clearly formulated in the less founded upon it, they are comparatively
citizen mind, but the educational policy of unprofitable, whether to the individual or the
the State has nevertheless always been based community, and may indeed easily become a
on the principle. Nine-tenths of what is source of harm. Enlightened citizenship is
taught in both grades and high school is not the broad and firm foundation, the special
really necessary to the earning of a livelihood. vocation is the superstructure. Narrow and
The great mass of instruction in the college of infirm foundations will not support strong
liberal arts has always been of the same sort. and useful buildings. We have too many type-
When the State has felt itself able, it has estab- writers and printers and proof-readers who
lished technical and professional schools for cannot be trusted with spelling, punctuation,
training in such vocations as it regarded most and composition, to say nothing of other mat-
important to itself — the highly specialized ters involving ordinary intellectual expert-
instruments of the general welfare: law, medi-
ness. We have too many reporters, editors,
cine, teaching, agriculture, engineering. Yet magazine contributors, and authors of books,
it has never until recently substituted the who write ignorant and slipshod English, and
narrowly vocational for the broad and funda- think as loosely and unprofitably as they write.
mental. It has only added it. It has recog- The press goes a long way toward undoing the
nized that the non-vocational is the great work of the school. We have too many teach-
foundation — that the best lawyers, the best ers of thin and narrow quality; too many
physicians, the best teachers, the best agricul- preachers whose intellectual deficiencies are
turists, the best engineers, are those whose first such as to neutralize the effect of earnest and
vocation is enlightened citizenship. It would self-sacrificing character; too many lawyers
have done the same by religion, but for the who took the short cut to a professional career,
conviction that other means were better. and are uncultivated and slovenly in thought,
The training that leads to enlightened citi speech, and intellectual habit; too many phy-
zenship is not vocational in the narrow sense. sicians whose growth is stunted because their
What the vocational enthusiast is mainly and intellectual roots were not set deep enough.
frankly thinking of, the preparation of the In all these and other professions, the fulness
pupil for the earning of a living, is more or of power that marks the master-personality
less narrow, selfish, and uncivic. It is in spirit has not been attainable because of deficiency
an insistence upon the rights of the individual in general cultivation. The immediate object
at the expense of the State. The training for of the individual has been realized, but at the
the vocation of enlightened citizenship, on the expense of the potential total; the good enough
contrary, is in spirit an insistence on the has been the enemy of the best.
rights of the State. Under ideal conditions, The same is true of less professional walks
too, the pleasure of the individual, despite the of life. There are too many culture club peo-
time cost of liberal education, coincides with ple and platform lecturers with superficial and
the pleasure of the State; though under actual catchy accomplishments instead of real depth;
conditions no small number of pupils, anxious too many playwrights, actors, managers, and
for quick and showy returns and a speedy theatre-goers who are not only untouched by
entrance upon “life,” regard themselves as the great dramatic ideals of past and present,
victims to a perverse educational requirement but are barbarians, and worse than barbarians,
if they are compelled to study anything which in taste. There are too many of the rich who
in their judgment is not “vital.”
neither possess nor know the value of intel-
The immediate design of liberal education is lectual and spiritual wealth, and are unable
not skill of hand or knowledge of technical even to recognize it when it is placed before
detail, but the cultivation of mental power, the them. There are too many of the leisured who
broadening of vision, the deepening of per- are unacquainted with the most gratifying and
ception, the refinement of intellectual and profitable means of pleasure, as well as the
spiritual temper. Its ultimate end is the pro- most inoffensive and noble. We have too many


256
(Sept. 30
THE DIAL
voters who know only how to mark a ballot, more, feel enough more, see enough farther
who cannot estimate the worth of men and than the ordinary to give them authority -
measures, who cannot think without the giant there are no dynamics, and there will be no
head-line and the screaming editorial. We progress.
have too many social and political reformers Vocational training in the ordinary sense is,
whose chief qualification is a “heart in the within limits, desirable and necessary; but its
right place," who read loosely, think loosely, place is in the technical school, not in the
write loosely, and legislate as if the making school of liberal arts. The high school is the
of law were an invention of the day before people's college, but not the people's business
yesterday.
college. If it is a business college at all, it is
In every one of these cases, and in all other the business college of the State at large, not
cases where, through ignorance, haste, or false that of the comparatively few sons and daugh-
ideas of economy, the vocation of enlightened ters of the people whose first ambition is a
citizenship has been left out of account, the livelihood. The prime business of State educa-
individual suffers much, but the State suffers tion is a universal business, and Big Business
more. Whether the citizen does the best of is the business of enlightened citizenship.
which he is capable, or the second best, is a Every displacement of a liberal study by a
matter of concern not only to himself, but to vocational study is prejudicial to the ideal
the community and the nation. Whether from interests of the commonwealth. Livelihoods
the individual point of view or the social, can be trusted to take care of themselves, if
enlightened citizenship is the first and the we must choose; but enlightened citizenship
greatest vocation.
cannot.
GRANT SHOWERMAN.
The vocation of enlightened citizenship does
not look to the holding of a position as the
prime object; it looks rather to excellence in
CASUAL COMMENT.
the holding of it. The ideal of the great voca-
tion is not immediate success in the earning of
THE SIMULTANEOUS NUTRITION OF MIND AND
a living, but the capacity to earn it with the
BODY is something that is both possible and in
no wise undesirable. Solitary feasting for
greatest intelligence and the greatest measure
of success.
It looks forward to the profes- feasting's sake has ever been held in abhor-
rence except by gluttons; and even the silent
sional man or the mechanic developed to the
and solemn intake of nutriment at the family
full capacity of his powers. Its aim is not the
table, three times a day, is not exactly an
exploitation of talent, but the development of inspiring spectacle. Hence the cultivation of
personal excellence and total usefulness. It table-talk and the less usual but almost
looks ahead, not four years, but forty years. equally pleasant practice of having someone
It looks to a substantial and enduring edifice, read aloud while the rest eat and listen — an
not a temporary and make-shift shelter. It agreeable monastic custom, except that in
does not ask, “How much are you going to
monasteries the reading usually lacks liveli-
earn?” or even “How much are you going to
ness and variety. Table-reading, as an aid
know?" but "Are you going to make of your
and incentive to table-talk, is surely an excel-
lent thing. Dr. Bostwick, in his admirable
self all that is possible?” and “Are you go-
book on “The Making of an American's
ing to be a leader?” Its ambition is not the Library,” noticed in detail on another page,
production of the average, but of leadership. reprehends the union of eating and reading.
Progress is only secondarily a matter of the He says: “I have seen men reading books at
crowd. The religious or civic ideals of an age lunch — when they were actually masticating
or a community are not determined by the their food. I am sure they both read and ate
common man. It is the exceptional man, the badly.” Not necessarily. If only for hygienic
reformer, the enthusiast, the personality in
reasons, it is well for the eater not to occupy
his mind with the act of eating, an act that
which the age or the community, so to speak,
flowers out, that determines the ideal. The
needs scarcely more conscious attention than
does breathing or walking. Why all this sol-
supreme concern of the army is its general, of
emn formality of successive courses with their
the church its prophet, of the world of knowl-
corresponding array of table implements ?
edge the scholar, of mechanics the inventor.
A novel and an apple in a hammock, or a
Progress is a matter of dynamics. Without book of verses underneath the bough, with
leadership - without men who think enough loaf of bread and jug of wine (or water) —


1915]
257
THE DIAL
some such combination approaches the ideal. passage tells us that "the 'Revue Critique des
Shelley used to read voraciously while he Livres et des Idées,' which has of late years
munched his daily bread in his study at Ox- been one of the strongest of the influences
ford, leaving a circle of crumbs around his which have shaped the intellectual youth, had
chair. He was also famous for his simulta- on the outbreak of war thirty members of
neous walking and reading (a practice sanc- its editorial staff called to the colors; of
tioned by Dr. Bostwick), and for his walking these, according to the 'Humanité,' eleven
and eating, often darting into a bakeshop to have been killed and eight wounded, whilst
renew his supply of bread in the course of two are missing - in all, twenty-one out of
his walk; and if, as is likely enough, he some- thirty — and this was before the last fights in
times combined the three exercises, he thereby Artois and the Argonne!” Rather expensive
got thrice as much out of a given portion of Kanonenfutter, in very truth!
time as most of his fellows. Why should the
renewal of the bodily tissues be made the
occasion of a periodic solemnity of which one
UNPOPULAR PERIODICALS, those that make
must stand in some awe? Nature knows no
necessarily a restricted appeal and are forced
such stupid artificialities. Shelley munching to content themselves with the consciousness
his bread while he talks with Hogg or reads
of good work done in a worthy cause, are
to himself, and FitzGerald nibbling his apple There must be in this country alone several
more numerous than is commonly suspected.
while he paces the room and entertains with
high discourse his guests at the table, please hundreds of struggling periodical publica-
us more than does the scrupulous observer of tions, including the proceedings and trans-
the tiresome formalities of the banquet-board.
actions of learned societies and the journals
If reading is not to be allowed with eating,
issued in behalf of various worthy causes of
why should not talking also be forbidden?
a philanthropic or charitable nature, that
Articulation and mastication go not well
never really make both ends meet, in a busi-
together, but silent reading is no hindrance to ness sense, and can never hope to do so. Even
deglutition. And so we cannot side with this such a widely and favorably known magazine
condemnation of simultaneous eating and
as “The Popular Science Monthly," founded
reading, except where such a practice would
in 1872 by the Appleton publishing house and
be impolite.
the Youmans brothers (Edward L. and Will-
iam J.), was losing ten thousand dollars a
FRENCH LITERARY GENIUS AS FOOD FOR CAN-
year when, in 1900, it was finally abandoned
NON forms the subject of more than one
in despair by the Appletons and reorganized
lament from the land of Racine and Molière.
on a different basis by other managers. And
M. Paul Chavannes in a letter to “The New
now, after fifteen years of highly creditable
Statesman” runs over the names and achieve activity under this management, but appar-
ments of a goodly company of romancers and ently with no corresponding pecuniary re-
poets who within the last twelvemonth have turns, there is to be a new shuffling of the
given their lives for their country. He enu-
cards. A bid for greater popularity is to be
merates, for example, Charles Péguy, Louis made in the form of an illustrated magazine
Pergaud, Ernest Psichari, Alain-Fournier,
less adapted to the tastes of readers of educa-
Pierre Gilbert, Léon Bonneff, François Lau- tion and a love for science than to the de-
rentie, Robert d'Humières, Art Roë, Emile
mands of a larger and necessarily a less
Despax, du Fresnois, "and many others" -
highly educated public. In the words of Dr.
names less familiar to us than to the French Cattell, present editor of the publication that
reading public, but each standing for good has helped so notably to keep American read-
and promising work cut short in the morning ers informed with regard to the latest achieve-
of the worker's life. Of the heroic fate of ments of science: “A group of men desiring
Psichari, for instance, author of the stirring a journal to which the name ' The Popular
“Appel des Armes,” we read: “He died Science Monthly' will exactly apply, this
nobly the death he asked for, at Virton, in publication has been transferred to them,
Belgium, at the beginning of the great re- while, beginning in October, a journal on the
treat. His battery had been ordered to keep present lines of 'The Popular Science Monthly'
the enemy in check whilst the army was fall- will be conducted under the more fitting name
ing back. They were expected to hold their of 'The Scientific Monthly.' This differentia-
ground for a few hours, and they did so for a tion of The Popular Science Monthly' into
whole day; and when the last shell had been two journals is in the natural course of evolu-
spent officer and gunners were killed on the tion, each journal being able to adapt itself to
guns they had rendered unusable." Another its environment more advantageously than is


258
[ Sept. 30
THE DIAL
9)
66
>
possible for a single journal. Each can per- finement of each man can be instantly deter-
form an important service for the diffusion mined, has been perfected to an astonishing
and advancement of science." Notable is Dr. degree by Count Schwerin, a sixty-year-old
Cattell's inclination to regard with disfavor captain of cavalry. To-day the relatives of
any permanent endowment of the class of any French, Russian, English, Canadian,
publications here considered; rather would he Italian, Servian, Montenegrin, Belgian, or
look for their support to increased subscrip- Japanese prisoner in Germany can ascertain
tions from public libraries and from indi-within twenty-four hours where that soldier
viduals in sympathy with the purposes of is and what his condition is." The plan
these publications.
adopted is the one so familiar to library work-
ers, and doubtless the only scheme at once
SOUTH AFRICA'S FAVORITE AUTHOR, though practicable and economical. Eighty assis-
geographically separated from us by a third tants are engaged in the maintenance of this
of the earth's circumference, is very near us immense card catalogue, and the superinten-
in the things that know naught of space or dent of the system, Count Schwerin himself,
time. According to a writer in the London who is referred to not quite accurately as its
“Outlook,” Mr. Horace Rose is enjoying a "inventor,” gives twelve hours a day to his
popularity that, measured by the sales of his task. About eight hundred letters of inquiry
latest book ("On the Edge of the East") in come to his "Kartothek," or card-repository,
his native land, must be highly gratifying to every day, and it is his boast and pride to have
him. Though a successful novelist, he has them all answered within twenty-four or, at
won fame chiefly by his humorously satirical the utmost, forty-eight hours. As the letters
works, such as "A Caper on the Continent" are in many languages and of varying de-
and the book named above. A passage of his grees of illegibility, this promptitude is highly
describing his visit to the Coliseum (which creditable. A smaller catalogue contains a
he chooses to spell “ Colosseum ") is notable list of the dead, so far as names and facts are
for a manifest resemblance in its style to that ascertainable, which is not very far. And all
of an earlier humorist of the western world. this indexing activity, set in operation by a
After inspecting the Roman ruin aforemen- lamentable necessity, might in happier times
tioned the author returns to his hotel in a have served to provide with card catalogues
self-congratulatory frame of mind for living a score or more of public libraries in as many
in the Christian era rather than in pagan smiling villages of the fatherland.
times. But picking up a newspaper, he
chances upon an account of a certain lynch- READING IN BED has charms that have been
ing episode in one of our southern states, painted by many an able hand. Few have
which moves him in a manner thus described :
more keenly appreciated those charms than
“When I had finished reading I went back to the writer of a recent letter to “ The Southern
the Colosseum and apologized to Nero. I felt Notes,” the monthly publication of the Utica
that I owed it to him. He had never had the Normal and Industrial Institute, at Utica,
benefits of a Christian teaching, of a class at Mississippi.
Mississippi. The letter is addressed to the
Sunday-school, of an enlightened Press, of a Principal, Mr. William H. Holtzclaw, by one
world-wide civilization with its broad views
of his pupils, Miss Ethel Sanders. “It is
and high traditions, But every man and certainly a great pleasure to write to you,
woman in that twentieth-century crowd had she says. “I am very glad to tell you that I
had these blessings, and thus abused them. am almost in good health. I must tell you
I would have been less ashamed to be seen how my aunt and the doctor treated me while
walking down Broadway, New York, arm-in-
I was sick. They did all they could to keep
arm with Nero, at the head of a procession me from my books, but they did not succeed,
of Christian corpses, than shaking hands with and I kept them hid in the bed. They had
any of these people.” Mr. Rose's fame seems friends to watch me, but I read them under
in a fair way to spread beyond the bounds of
cover. There was a hole in the quilt that gave
his native South Africa.
me some light. So, although they watched me
every day and night, I succeeded in reading
A NEW USE FOR THE CARD CATALOGUE, but a a few lines in my books anyway, and I fretted
use to which it is unfortunate that it should for them all the time.” Then she describes
have to be applied, is described by an Asso- how she used violence on the children that
ciated Press correspondent at Berlin. "The came into her room and interrupted her read-
exact registration of the huge horde of over ing. Was ever anyone so fired with the furor
a million prisoners of war in Germany, so legendi in lecto, the reading-in-bed mania, as
that rank, service division, and place of con- this colored girl of Mississippi? Not inferior
9


1915 ]
259
THE DIAL
to her in determination of a like sort was a ries are, as a rule, under male control. Can
certain pupil (now a writer of distinction) at we imagine any woman as accomplishing what
the Perkins Institute for the Blind, nearly Dr. Billings accomplished in building up and
thirty years ago. Mr. Clarence Hawkes re- directing the New York Public Library, or as
lates in his autobiography, which is more carrying on the work of Librarian Putnam at
fully noticed on another page, that in the Washington or Librarian Lane at Harvard ?
editorship and publication of the school
paper, “The Echo,” he found himself obliged
HERR LISSAUER'S LITERARY LAPSE, to style it
to do much of the work at night in bed, where by no harsher name, in giving to the world
he deftly manipulated a small typewriter his hysterical “Hymn of Hate,” has been
under the bedclothes. "Several times,” he apologized for by him in fine and manly
says, “Captain Wright, the vigilance man,
fashion. It was in reply to some adverse com-
came into my room and walked over to my
bed, to discover where that strange clicking blatt" that its author explained how the lines
ment on the poem in the “Berliner Tage-
came from, but I was always sleeping soundly
were "written as the result of a passionate
when he appeared and the typewriter was
impulse in the first weeks of the war, when
hidden beneath the bedclothes, so my secret
the impression created by England's declara-
was never discovered.” Evidently there are
possibilities in the way of literary activity
tion of war was fresh.” Moreover, he assures
us, the hymn was not intended for the young,
even for the hours spent in bed.
and he has always been opposed to its inclu-
sion in schoolbooks. He continues : “The
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WHEREFORE OF THE 'Song of Hate' is a political poem directed
WOMAN LIBRARIAN has apparently but just not against individual Englishmen, but
dawned upon the French mind. A distin- against England as a political force, and
guished savant of France has set forth in the collectively against the English will to destruc-
Revue Internationale de l'Enseignement tion which threatens Germany. In the excite-
some of the qualifications, already well known ment of those days my feelings were deeply
to us in America, which the woman librarian stirred by this. Whether these feelings can
possesses in a larger measure than the man. continue with the cool consideration of prac-
From extracts quoted by “The Library Jour- tical politics is another question.” Excellent,
nal” a few passages may here be of interest. every reader outside of Germany, if not also
“Let us be frank,” says the writer. “It is within that empire, must say. Whether now
work which suits a woman much better than the august hand that decorated the poet's
a man. In reality, men are not at home in breast for those choleric verses will proceed
the duties of the librarian. .. This subordi- to add another decoration for this handsome
nate rôle does not suit the natural pride of acknowledgment of a possible excess of acer-
men. And one need not be much of a psy- bity, remains to be seen; but the probabilities
chologist to divine the inevitable frictions that are considerably more than a billion to one
would culminate in grotesque disputes if the against any such imperial admission of error.
fear of ridicule did not forbid carrying things
to the extreme. . . It is probable that with a
THE AGONIES OF MOVING DAY” IN A LARGE
feminine staff all this friction would disap-
pear, because the psychological reasons al-
LIBRARY are seldom limited to twenty-four
hours in time. The Harvard library began
ready indicated would not exist. Women
would not feel humiliated by serving, by
three months ago to take possession of the
new and palatial Widener building, and the
playing in the library the part they play in
the home. Naturally more flexible, more
battalions of books have been on the march,
in rather leisurely fashion, ever since. But a
teachable, more affable than men, they would college or university library has the advan-
accomplish with pleasure and smilingly, with-
tage of a long vacation for its change of quar-
out tiring, the modest duties which do not
ters, when such change is necessary. More in
belong to the other sex.” All indisputably the nature of a forced march is that which
true so far as the daily service of the library-
the books of a constantly busy public library
using public and the daily personal contact
must make in a similar case. Comparison has
with that public are concerned. Hence the
been made between the moving of Harvard's
great preponderance of young women as 900,000 volumes and stacks of pamphlets and
library assistants over young men. But the the transfer of the Boston Public Library's
burdens of large administrative responsibility collection from Boylston Street to Copley
are still thought to be better borne by men, Square twenty years ago — the only library-
and so our great public and university libra- | moving in that part of the country compara-


260
(Sept. 30
THE DIAL
came
ble in magnitude with the present operation Polytechnic Institute has about thirty-five
at Cambridge. But the Boston task was prac- thousand volumes. Of these collections, that
tically completed between Dec. 14, 1894, and belonging to the university is by far the most
Jan. 28, 1895; and there have been other big valuable. It acquired from some of the mon-
movings of this nature, notably the recent asteries suppressed in 1819 many rare works
one at Springfield, Mass., that have made a from the Aldine, Elzevir, Plantin, Stephanus,
far better record for celerity. Moving is, at and other early presses of Europe. The Elze-
best, a trying if not agonizing experience; virs alone, several hundred in number, form
but it is a part of the price that libraries and a collection that is considered one of the
the rest of us have to pay for larger quarters finest of its kind. It will be a century ago
and more stately mansions.
next year that the University of Warsaw was
founded. The loss of its library, if it is to
THE REAL THINGS OF LIFE are not exactly centennial event for Warsaw, though for the
lose it, or the best part of it, will be a sad
the same for any two persons. One may kin-
rest of the world far less sad than a wanton
dle with enthusiasm at the mention of Indian
destruction of so much irreplaceable literary
arrow-heads, or totem-poles, or cuneiform in-
treasure.
scriptions, or postage stamps; another may
go into ecstasies over Turkish rugs, or Japan- THE FAVORITE READING OF CLERGYMEN is by
ese fans; and a third will perhaps be stirred
no means always and invariably theology. It
by martial exploits and tales of heroism.
is an old story that when “Jane Eyre
There recently died at Great Barrington a out, sixty-eight years ago, Dr. Mark Hopkins,
man whose grandfather was keeper of the President of Williams College and one of the
White Horse Inn made famous by Blackmore most noted pulpit orators of his day, was
in “Lorna Doone," and who himself was so repeatedly discovered by members of his fam-
fortunate as to be born in that celebrated ily immersed in the enthralling novel when
hostelry, but who seems to have been fired
he was supposed to be writing sermons or
with no zeal for first editions of the famous reading the early Christian Fathers in his
novelist's works, nor to have felt any especial study. A half-embarrassed, half-petulant
love for those works or for the scenes they “Pshaw!” and a hasty thrusting of the book
depicted. Richard H. Maunder (for that was aside would follow as soon as he found him-
his name) gave his affections to the products, self caught in his unclerical occupation; but
not of the romancer's brain, but of the pot- repeated relapses ensued until the story was
ter's wheel and the potter's shaping thumb. finished. It is reported by the General Theo-
In other words, it was the old china of Staf- | logical Library of Boston, which circulates no
fordshire that presented itself to him as the fiction but does provide reading matter of
one object preëminently worth while, and of other kinds for the clergy of New England.
that china the dark and the blue varieties that theological works are less in demand
were to him supremely desirable, so that he
than biographies and books on sociology and,
became one of the greatest living authorities in general, *“ inspirational ” literature. The
in and collectors of that branch of antique stimulus of the story-book has to be sought
pottery. It was an inherited taste, his grand elsewhere. The good work of this library,
father, of the White Horse Inn, having been which has already been commended in these
possessed with the same frenzy. The recent columns, is limited to no sect or creed. Any
famous novels of the “Five Towns” series minister of the gospel in New England may
ought to have been the younger Mr. Maun- draw upon its resources to the extent of two
der's favorite reading; but perhaps there was books a month, postage both ways being paid
not enough of Staffordshire pottery even in by the library; and this generous privilege
them to satisfy the enthusiast.
is now enjoyed by more than eighteen hun-
dred book-borrowers.
WARSAW'S LITERARY TREASURE, now in the
conqueror's hands, will not, like the Louvain LITERARY ARTISTS IN THE TRENCHES are
library, go up in smoke, though it may not placing the outside world in their debt for
remain intact in its present home. Warsaw occasional vivid descriptions of soldier-life
University has a library of six hundred thou- that get past the censor and inform those at
sand volumes, and a considerable collection of home how things are going in some undesig.
manuscripts and maps, the Krasinski Library nated spot on the long battle-line. Many of
numbers more than one hundred thousand these writers are amateurs, and their per-
volumes, the public library of the city one formance has a singular freshness and charm,
hundred and sixty thousand, and the Warsaw while others are reporters by profession and


1915)
261
THE DIAL
66
"
as
show themselves a little more conscious of to get, at least approximately, the meaning. The
their art. “The Institute Journal," of Lon- Prélude is only a rough paraphrase of Meredith;
don, official periodical publication of the In- parts of it, as indeed of the whole novel, are omit-
stitute of Journalists, has lately printed a list
ted, one might wish that more were; parts are
of nearly twelve hundred journalist soldiers
more easily intelligible in the French; but all the
who either now are serving their country at
sparkle has vanished. Assuming that the English
is familiar to your readers, I will cite merely the
the front or have been doing so. Among the
opening paragraph of the translation:
most distinguished of these war writers are
“Quand on joue la comédie, c'est dans un salon.
Mr. Ashmead Bartlett, Mr. Stanley Wash-
Tout se passe entre civilisés; à l'abri des poussières
burn, Mr. Bernhard Paris, Mr. Philip Gibbs, du dehors, des variations de l'atmosphère; en toute
and Mr. G. H. Perris. The raw material for correction. Pour faire apparaître le relief de l'évi-
campaign books and articles that is now being saires au travail de l'horloger,
dence, notre logique n'use point de ces loupes néces-
Lo sens comique
accumulated must exceed anything of the sort conçoit une situation déterminée pour quantité de
ever known in the history of this war-scarred types, et rejette tous les accessoires qui pourraient
planet.
faire longueur. La vision et l'enthousiasme, c'est tout
ce qu'il faut. Regardez et ne vous occupez que de
voir. Le reste viendra tout seul.”
INSTRUCTION IN LIBRARY ECONOMY IN HOL-
LAND appears to be now recognized as a legiti-
In all this I am painfully reminded of a previous
mate part of the university's teaching activi.
impression upon opening a French version of
ties. In "The Library Journal ” for this
“Macbeth," in which the witches' greeting appeared
month it is announced that both Amsterdam
Bon jour, Macbeth!”
But the loss of sparkle is not all. That was
and Utrecht universities “ have added to their
to be expected, for it would probably require a
faculties of literature a chair for library life-time adequately to render Meredith into any
economy and bibliography. Dr. H. E. Greve foreign language. But there are curious neo-
of the Royal Library at The Hague has begun a logisms, representing sporadic efforts at word-for-
series of lectures at the first-named university word translation. Thus in the first three pages,
on the subject of national and international "digestibly” appears as digestivement; "lumi-
catalog rules. Dr. A. Hulsof has taken up
nous rings eruptive of the infinitesimal ” becomes
the subject of general and historical bibli-
anneaux lumineux éruptés de l'Infinitésimal. Nei-
ther digestivement nor érupter is cited by standard
ography for his lectures at the University of
dictionaries; and besides, the second phrase misses
Utrecht.” Many there are still living who
the point.
can recall the derisive smile with which, as
Perhaps worse, from an English point of view,
rule, the university or college man under the
are the gross mistranslations, which can only come
old dispensation would refer to "library from a failure to consult the dictionary. Thus,
science" and those who professed to teach its still in the first three pages, we find “branfulness
mysteries.
sonorité; “ malady of sameness maladie de
l'égoïsme; "headlong trains" des longs trains.
Other translations give the idea, perhaps, but the
COMMUNICATIONS.
reason for not following the original faithfully is
not apparent. For instance: “the land of fog-
A FRENCH TRANSLATION OF “THE EGOIST.”
horns from which we seek some escape, is ren-
(To the Editor of The DIAL.)
dered, pays brumeux des coquecigrues. Of "
While in Paris last summer I picked up a French o'er hoary ancestry
them in the oriental pos-
translation of Meredith's masterpiece. The book ture, to which our visit to science introduced us,” it
interested me because it was the first work of one is written: “La science nous présenta à nos
of my favorite English authors that I had seen in primitifs ancêtres chenus ils nous reçurent en
French. Also, to tell the truth, I disbursed more posture orientale," when of course the meaning is:
cheerfully the few francs necessary for its pur- ceux qui affectionnent la posture orientale."
chase (money was scarce in Paris just then) as I It would be as unprofitable as tiresome to push
hoped that the proverbial clarity of French might too far such an examination. But lest I be accused
help me over some knotty passages in the original. of taking examples only from the most difficult
“What is not clear is not French,” as we all know. chapter of the book, I may cite at haphazard some
Well then, “ L'Egoïste, traduit de l'Anglais par curious misrenderings. Every page which I have
Maurice Strauss, Paris : Charles Carrington, 1904," compared with the original is bristling with blun-
is not French. Perhaps Meredith cannot be made ders. On the first page of Chapter I., Meredith
French. It is, however, noteworthy that neither says of Simon Patterne that he was marvellously
the name of the translator nor of the publisher is endowed with the power of saying no. “He said
quite Gallic. We have, then, a difficult English it with the resonant emphasis of death to younger
author translated by a semi-Teuton and published sons." This significant phrase is translated: “Et
by an Anglo-Saxon. We may admire their cour- l'emphase de sa volonté glaçait de terreur jusqu'
age, if not the result.
à ses fils.” In the next paragraph, speaking of
I may state at once that in reading the transla- Lieutenant Crossjay's act of valor which brought
tion I was constantly obliged to consult the original him to the notice of Patterne Hall, Meredith says:
our
-
66


262
[ Sept. 30
THE DIAL
SUC-
“ The officer's youth was assumed on the strength
Non-combatants are to be spared in person
of his rank, perhaps likewise from the tale of his and property during hostilities as much as the neces-
modesty." This subtle touch is thus smothered:
sities of war and the conduct of such non-combatants
“L'âge tendre du héros fut mis en relief par sa
will permit.”
bravoure, et sa modestie brocha sur le tout." And may I reall to the memory of Americans the
At times the translator seems to have copied the
conduct of our own troops in the Civil War and of
first meaning found in his dictionary, leaving the England's troops in the Revolution, in South
sense to look out for itself. Sir Willoughby is
Africa, and in India ?
relating to Clara the early career of Vernon Whit-
Your reviewer also speaks of " the German doc-
ford (page 83 of Scribner's “ Pocket Edition”).
trine . Not kennt kein Gebot'" (which, of course,
66 • Leaves the Hall!' exclaimed Willoughby. 'I
he does not translate). But, pray, since when is
have not heard a word of it. He made a bad start the doctrine that necessity knows no law a German
at the beginning ... had to throw over his Fel-
doctrine? Is it not rather a universal law founded
lowship.” On page 133 of the translation, we find:
in the instinct of self-preservation ?
Quitter le château! s'exclama Willoughby. C'est
Is it not time that all this lying about Germany
le premier mot que j'en entends. Il fit un faux stopped? Are Americans really so stupid, so
départ au début il eut à jeter par dessus sa
bigoted, so narrow-minded, that they can not bear
camaraderie."
the truth? Or is all this vilification merely petty
One more example I cannot resist. Sir Wil- and picayune revenge for the Britons' incompe-
loughby, trying to persuade Vernon to remain at tence in the present crisis in their history?
Patterne, says:
“ Take a run abroad, if you are
Your reviewer states it as the final lesson of the
restless." This becomes: “Si vous êtes fatigué du
War Book that Germany's conduct is guided by
repos, tirez une bordée." Possibly“ a run abroad” the principle, "anything to win.” Let anyone
signifies tirer une bordée to a certain class of
read our own War Book or that of any other
wealthy young hot-bloods; but from Sir Wil- nation before whom England is now crooking the
loughby Patterne of Patterne Hall to the dignified pregnant hinges of the knee, and he will find that
scholar, Vernon Whitford, this bit of sailor's slang
all warring mankind makes this its guiding prin-
is grotesque in the extreme.
ciple. We Americans, worshipping the ideal "
The effort to bring Meredith within the reach of cess, success at any cost (short of being found
French readers is certainly a creditable one; but
out), whether it be in business or in politics, should
it is a task to which angels, or those who speak
be the last ones to throw stones at Germany for
with the tongue of angels, alone may aspire. Such
that.
a version as that perpetrated by the present trans-
Finally permit me to express my astonishment
lator should not be allowed to pass unchallenged.
that THE DIAL, a literary journal for people above
BENJ. M. WOODBRIDGE.
the average intelligence, should have given room
University of Texas, Sept. 24, 1915.
for a “review” so calculated to stir up prejudice
and hatred in the hearts of its readers.
SAML. A. TANNENBAUM.
THE GERMAN WAR BOOK.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
New York City, Sept. 16, 1915.
Owing to the hypnotic influence exerted upon
ELEMENTS OF THE SHORT STORY.
Americans by the prospect of earning English
gold, I have tried to reconcile myself to all the
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
American misrepresentation and vilification of Ger-
I wonder if a layman may voice his disagreement
many and Germany's cause. But the review of with the very interesting opinion of an expert con-
Professor Morgan's translation of “The War Book
cerning short stories and their place in literature
of the German General Staff,” in your issue of (see Mr. Charles Leonard Moore's article in your
Sept. 2, is so vilely and so outrageously unfair,- issue of September 2)? Is not the importance of
so thoroughly British in its viewpoint, - that my quantity largely over-emphasized in Mr. Moore's
gorge rises at it and I must protest.
appraisal? The qualitative character of the story
The writer of that review seeks to bring the may depend more upon the writer than the limita-
German method of warfare into contempt by point-
tions in length. Whoever has read the short stories
ing out that, according to the Germans, military
of Tourgueniéff, Chekhoff, and Gorki (all available
necessity takes precedence over international law, in English translations) will scarcely agree with
and he quotes the following as an example of this
the statements that “character, its development
logic of militarism:
and its oppositions, the form hardly has room for "
“No inhabitant of the occupied territory is to be
and “great action, passion, thought can hardly be
disturbed in the use and free disposition of his prop-
developed.” Chekhoff's short stories, except for
erty; on the other hand the necessity of war justifies his earliest period, are all character and very little
the most far-reaching disturbance, restriction, and action. The same is true of Gorki; while in Tour-
imperiling of his property."
gueniéff's tales there is no dearth of passion. The
For the benefit of your reviewer and of your read-
American short story, especially the popular type,
ers, permit me to quote Article 3 of the American is largely anecdote; but that seems to be a fault
Naval War Code:
rather of our national psychology than of the
“ Military necessity permits measures that are in-
inevitable limitations of the literary form.
dispensable for securing the end of the war, and that
I. M. RUBINOW.
are in accordance with modern law and usage of war. New York City, Sept. 21, 1915.


1915)
263
THE DIAL
The New Books.
The diary of Emma Caldwell, written in
1819, gives a vivid account of the manner in
which the Wedgwoods of Maer brought up
A CENTURY'S RECORDS OF TWO FAMOUS
their children:
FAMILIES.*
“The part of the intellectual character most im-
It was a happy thought to put together for proved by the Wedgwood education is good sense,
which is indeed their preëminent quality. It is
publication the Wedgwood-Darwin-Allen let-
one of the most important, and in the end will pro-
ters of a century. Centring around the per- mote more of their own and others happiness than
sonality of Emma Wedgwood, wife of Charles any other quality.
any other quality. The moral quality most pro-
Darwin, the story reveals not only that noble moted by their education is benevolence, which
character, but also the intimate life of all combined with good sense, gives all that education
those nearest to her. We see the non-scientific can give. The two little girls (one of those re-
side of Charles Darwin, his happiness and
ferred to being Emma) are happy, gay, amiable,
troubles, his hopes and fears, and how com-
sensible, and though not particularly energetic in
pletely these were shared by her of whom he learning, yet will acquire all that is necessary by
characteristically said: "I marvel at my good
I marvel at my good their actions in this house as well as in their princi-
their steady perseverance. They have freedom in
fortune, 'that she, so infinitely my superior in ples. Doors and windows stand open, you are no-
every single moral quality, consented to be my where in confinement; you may do as you like;
wife.” More than this, we make the acquain- you are surrounded by books that all look most
tance of a group of persons belonging to three tempting to read; you will always find some pleas-
closely connected families, almost all of them ant topic of conversation, or may start one, as all
with a certain flavor of genius, a distinction things are talked of in the general family. All this
of character which commands our admiration
sounds and is delightful.”
and respect, as it did that of their contempo-
A few years later, the question of slavery
raries. Those who achieved eminence seem was to the front, and we find the Maer family
less exceptional when seen on the background ardent abolitionists. In 1824, Fanny Allen
of their family life, which was itself main- / gives a remarkable account of an anti-slavery
tained at so high a level.
speech by Lord Brougham which she heard in
the House of Commons:
In 1792 Josiah Wedgwood of Maer Hall
married Elizabeth Allen of Cresselly; and
“Brougham's speech was delightful. He spoke
Emma, born in 1808, was their ninth and last
for an hour and 10 or 20 minutes, and it was the
child. The letters of this early period intro-
most incomparable thing I ever heard. I could
have screamed or jumped with delight. He han-
duce us to the older generation, the parents, dled Scarlett and Canning to my soul's con-
aunts, and uncles of Emma, who not only tent — tossed them about like a cat a couple of
made the environment of her early life, but mice from one paw to another, teased them and
some of them lived to see its fruition in rela- threw them into the air, with equal grace and
tively modern times. Nearly all through the strength.”
book, always very much alive and with a great In 1831 we find Elizabeth Wedgwood, Emma's
deal to say for herself, appears the figure of oldest sister, writing thus: “The thing I am
Fanny Allen, who died in 1875 at the age of most anxious to hear is the debate on Tuesday
94. No less interesting is Jessie Allen, who on slavery. Macaulay's speech on the reform
married the historian J. C. de Sismondi, and bill almost made me cry with admiration, and
died in 1853. Another aunt, Catherine, or I expect his speech on so much more interest-
Kitty, was the wife of Sir James Mackintosh, ing a subject to be the finest thing that ever
who was prominent in the politics and society was heard.”
of the early part of the century. The Allens Charles Darwin scarcely enters the narra-
and Wedgwoods were in the midst of what- tive until his return from his voyage around
ever was going on, and there are many anec- the world, when we find him the centre of
dotes of famous men and women. Madame interest, much wondered at and admired.
de Staël appears a number of times, and it is Emma writes to her sister-in-law: “We en-
interesting to-day to read that at a party in joyed Charles's visit uncommonly. . . Charles
1813 she “harangued for half-an-hour against talked away most pleasantly all the time; we
peace,” but “this was so entirely against the plied him with questions without any mercy.”
sentiments of every one present that Lord The second volume opens with the engage-
Holland . . gravely declared his opinions were ment of Charles Darwin and Emma Wedg-
entirely contrary to hers on that subject." wood, an event which gave unqualified delight,
not only to the principals, but to all the rela-
• EMMA DARWIN. A Century of Family Letters, 1792-1896.
tives. Nothing could be more charming than
Edited by her daughter Henrietta Litchfield. In two volumes.
Illustrated in photogravure, etc. New York: D. Appleton & Co. the letters of this period; we will only quote


264
(Sept. 30
THE DIAL
1839;
Emma's opinion of Charles, as expressed in a We rise from the book with a strong feeling
letter to her Aunt Jessie Sismondi :
that the story is not yet all told; that the
“I must now tell you what I think of him, first Wedgwood-Darwin blood has yet much to do
premising that Eliz. thinks pretty nearly the same,
in the world, and it may well be that the
as my opinion may not go for much with you. He record of the twentieth century will be read
is the most open, transparent man I ever saw, and by posterity with as much interest and pleas-
every word expresses his real thoughts. He is par- ure as we have found in following the history
ticularly affectionate and very nice to his father
of the century past.
and sisters, and perfectly sweet tempered, and pos-
T. D. A. COCKERELL.
sesses some minor qualities that add particularly
to one's happiness, such as not being fastidious,
and being humane to animals."
THE NEW RUSSIA.*
A friend writes to Emma: “You two will be
quite too happy together, and I hope you will An interesting development of the past
have a chimney that smokes, or something of quarter-century has been the change of atti-
that sort to prevent your being quite intoxi-
tude on the part of western Europe toward
cated.” They were married on January 29, Russia and things Russian. A generation ago
the rest of the story has to do with Russia, save within very restricted circles, was
their life together, and the lives of their regarded as a vast, undeveloped, conglomerate
children.
empire, whose government was hopelessly au-
We have long known the main facts of Dar.
tocratic and corrupt, and whose people were
win's life, how he struggled against ever-
ignorant, intolerant, unproductive, barbarous,
recurring illness, and in spite of all managed non-European, and largely incapable of prog-
to do a prodigious amount of work. We have
ress. To-day the Empire is considered one
understood that his wife was an essential fac-
of the great and promising states of Europe,
tor in all this; but now for the first time we
its government virile and in some degree
are enabled to appreciate the beauty and enlightened, its people industrious, ambitious,
strength of her character, and to see that she serious, and possessed of large actual and
was very much more than a mere background
latent culture.
for her illustrious husband. He also appears.
The change of view has come in part be-
in a somewhat new light; and if anyone still
cause the realities of Russian life and char-
has the illusion that the patron saint of
acter have been made known as never before
naturalists lacked normal human qualities, by travellers and writers, and by the transla-
this should be dispelled. Nothing could be
tion and diffusion of Russian literature. It is
attributable in no small measure, also, to the
more erroneous than the idea that Darwin's
emotions and sympathies were dried up by his
fact that Russian government and economic
scientific pursuits. After Charles Darwin's and social organization have undergone a con-
death, his son Francis undertook to write his
siderable transformation under the eyes of
Life. Mrs. Darwin felt a shrinking dread of the present-day world. Heroic, if not always
the publicity, but when she saw the book she successful, attempts at reform have caught
was completely satisfied.
the attention, and have commanded the sym-
pathy, of western peoples.
“I have been reading Frank's notes. . . I am
quite delighted with them. The picture is so mi-
Just now the currents of opinion regarding
nute and exact that it is like a written photograph, Russia are flowing strong and they are unusu-
and so full of tender observation on Frank's part ally interesting, even though not very convinc-
The whole picture makes me feel astonished at ing. Amid the stress of the war, sentiment
myself that I can make out a cheerful life after upon this as upon every other political and
losing him. He filled so much space with his inter- social matter tends to be deepened and
est, sympathy and graciousness, besides his love warped to accord with the exigencies of the
underlying and pervading all. I think Frank has
done so wisely in writing down every thing. I
* AN INTERPRETATION OF THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE.
Wiener. New York: McBride, Nast & Co.
wrote a little note to him, as I knew I should break THE RUSSIAN PROBLEM. By Paul Vinogradoff. New York:
down in telling him what I felt."
George H. Doran Co.
By J. W. Mackail.
At the end of the book, as a postscript, is a York: George H. Doran Co.
brief account of the life of Erasmus Darwin,
RUSSIA AND THE WORLD. A Study of the War and a State
ment of the World-Problems that Now Confront Russia and
grandson of Charles and Emma Darwin, who Great Britain. By Stephen Graham. Illustrated. New York:
The Macmillan Co.
was killed in action in the vicinity of Ypres,
FRIENDLY RUSSIA. By Denis Garstin. New York: McBride,
April 17, 1915. “There never was, that I
RUSSIAN REALITIES. Being Impressions Gathered during
ever met, a man so strong and yet so gentle,”
By Leo
RUSSIA'S GIFT TO THE WORLD.
New
Nast & Co.
some Recent Journeys in Russia. By John Hubback.
writes a dear friend, who was killed in action
ABUSED Russia. By C. C. Young. Illustrated. New York:
only a fortnight later.
The Devin-Adair Co.
Illus-
trated. New York: John Lane Co.


1915)
265
THE DIAL
situation. From German sources we are hear- little or no effort in Russia, we are told, to
ing again that the Russian is an unregenerate keep the seamy side of life, whether individ-
barbarian, whose influence, were it to be ual or social, from view. In matters of morals
further extended, would be the bane of Euro- the Russian is not notably worse than other
pean civilization. From English and Frenchmen; he is merely less cautious, less hypo-
sources we are being assured that the Russian critical. The criminal instincts are more
is an altogether good sort of fellow, that he is obvious, not more serious, in Russia than else-
on the high-road of political and social better- where." Furthermore, the Russian delights
ment, and that from his larger participation in self-castigation. The brilliant Irish writer,
in European and world affairs civilization has Mr. E. J. Dillon, whose "Russian Character-
“
nothing to fear. Unsuspected frailties are istics” (published in 1892) contains one of
matched by unsuspected virtues, until the the most scathing denunciations of all things
impression is inevitably forced that there has Russian ever written, lives in Petrograd, a
been a deal of exaggeration on both sides, highly honored man, and his book is actually
From the mass of books relating to Russia popular. The Russians take a curious sort of
which have poured from the presses since the satisfaction in recitals of their shortcomings.
war began, one easily selects as most worth They make their foibles and sins“ visible,"
while "An Interpretation of the Russian Peo- while other peoples seek to conceal their weak-
ple," written by Professor Leo Wiener of nesses under a cloak of sanctimonious proprie-
Harvard University. Professor Wiener is ties. The point may be over-emphasized, but
Russian born and reared, and the subject of it carries enough weight to justify the author
his prolonged researches and teaching has in warning his readers against books upon
been the Slavic languages and literatures, Russia written by hasty observers who, misled
especially the Russian. His attachment to his by the unreserved frankness of the Slav,
native country is close, yet at times he has assume that where there is so much open cor-
been its unsparing critic. No man in Amer- ruption there must be at least as much as in
ica, perhaps no man anywhere, is better fitted other countries that is hidden from view.
to interpret Russia, more particularly Russian Another interpretation of Russia by a
culture, to the western world.
Russian dwelling in a foreign land is Vino-
The volume in hand undertakes such an gradoff's “ The Russian Problem.” This little
interpretation. The object is stated to be book contains only a popular lecture entitled
"the ascertainment of those spiritual princi- "Russia after the War," and a reprinted let-
ples which alone can help the reader to com- ter to the London “Times” on the psychology
prehend and properly weigh the curious and of the Russian nation. The standing of the
frequently unique phenomena in the social author, however, gives it importance. After
and artistic life of Russia." There is no at- serving as professor of history in the Uni-
tempt at a formal or continuous history of versity of Moscow, and after suffering banish-
Russian thought, literature, or art; so that ment for his liberal views, Vinogradoff was
to be read most effectively by one not reason-
appointed some years ago to a professorship
ably acquainted with that history, the book of jurisprudence in the University of Oxford,
should be preceded by such treatises as Mr.
and he has taken first rank as a scholar in the
Maurice Baring's “The Russian People" and field of mediæval English agrarian history.
his recent “ Outline of Russian Literature” in The volume in hand is too brief to go far in
the “Home University Library." After two the way of interpretation. It is rather a
introductory chapters in which are depicted defence, its contents being prompted largely
clearly some of the fundamentals of the Rus- by recent German slurs upon Russian civiliza-
sian character and of the historical develop- tion, and it is intended to reassure the English
ment of Russian life, Professor Wiener writes that they are not fighting hand in glove with
principally of the national ideals as expressed sheer barbarians. The author concurs with
in Russian literature, of “art for art's sake" Dr. Wiener in a dislike for autocracy, in re-
in Russia, of Russian music as an expression gret for the slipping back of Russia in consti-
of the popular mind, of the Russian religion, tutional matters since 1906, and in the belief
of the intellectuals” and the masses, of the that the salvation of the country lies in the
peasants, and of the position and influence of extension of public education and in the solu-
Russian women.
tion of the land question. He believes, how-
Perhaps the most original and illuminating ever, that Russia has need of strong monarchy,
of Professor Wiener's observations is that re-
just as France had need of strong monarchy
lating to the Russian's propensity to show to in the thirteenth century and England in the
the world the worst that is in him, combined fifteenth; and he contends that it would be a
with his habit of self-abnegation. There is fatal mistake to indulge in anti-monarchical,
"


266
(Sept. 30
THE DIAL
anti-dynastic agitation. It is his hope that the civilization to exist and grow. Of the future
Imperial Government “shall be able to per- of Russia as the dominant land-empire of the
ceive that the uncontested leadership of the Eastern world the author entertains never a
nation through this war imposes the moral doubt.
obligation of generous and far-sighted ac- Mr. Denis Garstin's "Friendly Russia,
tion.” He is more sanguine, if not concerning made up of journalistic matter supplied by
the final outcome, at least concerning the more the author to various London periodicals, is
immediate effects of the war upon Russian yet another volume written with the manifest
government and social conditions, than is purpose of commending Russia to her English
Professor Wiener.
allies. In his opening chapter the author con-
A volume of similar purport by an English- fesses that the word "Russia” has always sent
man is Mr. J. W. Mackail's Russia's Gift to a little tremor of excitement down his back,
the World.” The author starts with the pre- pregnant with wolves, passion, and savag-
mise that the cultural achievements of Russia ery," and he admits that although he should
are largely unknown to the English, as to live in the country for the rest of his life it
other western peoples. These achievements, always would continue to do so. The burden
he maintains, are many and varied, even of his book, however, is the distinction be-
though Russia is the last of the great states tween the two Russias — the ogre-land of
of Europe to undergo a modernizing regenera- wolves, knouts, serfdom, and cruelty, and the
tion. The subjects considered, in all cases Russia actually to be seen by the twentieth
very briefly, are literature, music, art, the century traveller and observer. And we have
drama, natural science, and the social sciences. the word of Mr. H. G. Wells, in an Introduc-
The brochure has value as a popular hand- tion from his pen which the volume carries,
book. More than that it does not pretend to that the distinction is "very neatly" drawn,
be. It is commendable for its moderation of Twenty sketchy chapters of impressions, anec-
statement and for its general accuracy. dotes, and reminiscences are devoted to Rus-
The principal value of Mr. Stephen Gra- sia in peace; five more to Russia in war. The
ham's earlier writings on Russia arises from book's only merit lies in its somewhat inti-
the splendid portrayal of the Russian peasant mate, even if wholly unsystematic, view of
character contained in them. Mr. Graham, everyday Russian life.
who is himself something of a mystic, has An unpretentious body of reminiscences of
been strongly attracted by the simple, honest, Russian travel is contained in Mr. John Hub-
uncommercial, mystical peasant temperament, back's “Russian Realities.” Here again one
and by Russia as the "sanctuary from West finds only lightly recorded impressions, yet
ernism.” He has travelled extensively among the average reader coming to the subject with-
the peasants, lived with them, journeyed with out previous knowledge could very likely
them as a pilgrim to Jerusalem, and written learn more about Russia from this book than
about them charmingly in "Undiscovered from any other one mentioned in the subjoined
Russia" and other books. In his most recent list. The physical aspect of the country is
volume, “Russia and the World,” which con- well described. But of history, psychology,
sists chiefly of articles published originally in and economics there is little, and that of no
English and American magazines, he records distinguished quality.
some of the impressions gathered on a long "Abused Russia," by Dr. C. C. Young, is a
and arduous tramp across Russian Central volume written specifically to demonstrate
Asia to the frontier of China, mainly through that in times past grave injustice has been
the great region of southern Siberia where done Russia by those western peoples who have
Russian emigration and colonization can best presumed to judge her policies and measures.
be studied at close range. But in the main The author makes no attempt to gloss over
he writes of Russia in relation to the present those aspects of Russian politics and morals
war and as a factor in world politics. Upon which give ground for honest criticism. But
this subject he is interesting, yet he has no he urges that the existence of certain grave
great contribution to make. Russia, he says, defects be not permitted to give color to the
is fighting fundamentally to preserve her whole of western opinion concerning the coun-
national life and religion, “ that she may go try. The passport system and the treatment
on being herself.” To Mr. Graham's mind, of the Jews he condemns. But he contends
the worst thing that can happen to the Em- that a candid study of the history of these
pire is to be Westernized and made like other matters will reveal extenuating circumstances.
countries. The nation's present cause is just If not at all points convincing, the argument
and sacred, for, as he views the matter, it is of some weight. The book is copiously sup-
involves the right of a great, albeit primitive, plied with excellent illustrations.


1915)
267
THE DIAL
On the whole, one comes off from an inspec- demanding no purpose, no responsibility, no
tion of a group of volumes like the foregoing continuity, and no finality in love and life, is
with two queries -- first, where the publishers a figure that reappears again and again in
can hope to find profitable markets for wares Schnitzler's work. Under the name of Fritz,
of this description, and, second, what will be in "Playing at Love,” he loses his superficial
the effect of the outpouring of this ephemeral resemblance to
resemblance to an Oscar Wilde hero, and
war” literature upon the public's taste for becomes at once more recognizable and more
the older and solider books upon European hateful, for this tragedy shows with the ut-
politics and world affairs.
most poignancy the horror that may result
FREDERIC AUSTIN OGG. from light loving when on one side there is
serious passion and on the other merely a
wish for diversion. Prince Egon, another
version of the same type, who saunters not
A VIENNESE PLAYWRIGHT IN ENGLISH.* very gracefully through the play entitled
The deep-seated Americanor is it an
“Countess Mizzie,” has better luck than his
Anglo-Saxon ? — habit of judging all art, and
fellows; but this is entirely because he is
especially literary art, by its conformity to
thrown into relations with a woman of strong
conventional morality is almost certain to
nature, and not because he is self-controlled.
prevent for a long time the complete recog-
The background of all these plays, as of
nition here of one of the subtlest of modern
most of Schnitzler's novels and dramas, is the
European dramatists and poets, Arthur complex and highly sophisticated Viennese
Schnitzler. Over all his work, or at least over
society in which he has lived. It is a world
all of it that has been translated into English,
less fixed than ours,-
a world of loose ends,
there hangs what our popular critics are sure
of shifting, dizzily shifting, values, where
to interpret as the poisonous miasma from a people are to each other like chameleons col-
very morbid kind of life,- it is so difficult for
ored by passing situations, and where ideas
most of us to see in an artist's preoccupation
have no reality and no meaning except as
with erotic psychology, and with other forms they rise mist-like from sensations delicious
of nevrosity, anything but an unhealthy
or painful but always teasing. Our own
dwelling upon unpleasant subjects. In fact, familiars, -business, politics, social reform,
this general impatience with attempts to ex-
appear only as flickering shadows on a wall,
press fine shades of temperament, this blind-
cast up from a window giving on a crowded
ness in respect to artistic experiment and
street or court without. Of these shadows
exploration in hazy borderlands of expe-
the most recurrent seems to bear a vague rela-
rience, may easily cause Schnitzler's books to tion to political events; and in these times of
be anathematized, unless they are cast aside Austrian struggle, it looms up in large and
as merely dull and unnatural, by those who
sinister outline. National disunion, class
fail to penetrate their allusive delicacy and
hatred and distrust are evident enough; a
their witty indirectness.
corrupt and hypocritical bureaucracy, self-
And yet Schnitzler is becoming fairly well
interested reformers and a stupid public, may
known this side the water. “Anatol,” his help to explain the present crookedness of
early series of dialogues,-airiest of com-
events. Not that any of them are stressed at
edies,— had long runs in New York and Chi- all; indeed, only in “Professor Bernardi”
does a political intrigue really condition a
cago, and introduced to large audiences its
author's most typical character. Anatol, the plot, and even here it is held well in sub-
young æsthete of wealth and family, drifting ordination to the play's chief interest,— the
character of the doctor-professor.
from one exquisite moment to another, de-
lighting in the analysis of fleeting sensations,
In the five brief acts of “Professor Ber-
nardi," Schnitzler comes as close as so de-
• PLAYING WITH LOVE (Liebelei). By Arthur Schnitzler. tached an observer could ever come to working
Translated from the German by P. Morton Shand.
“The Prologue to Anatol" by Hugo von Hofmannsthal, ren-
out a distinct thesis,-- possibly because some
dered into English verse by Trevor Blakemore. Chicago: of his own or his father's experiences as a
A. C. McClurg & Co.
The GREEN COCKatoo, and Other Plays. By Arthur Schnitz- physician have entered directly into the situ-
ler. Translated from the German by Horace B. Samuel. With
portrait. Chicago : A. C. McClurg & Co.
ation dramatized. The protagonist, a Jewish
PROFESSOR BERNARDI. By Arthur Schnitzler. Adapted from surgeon of distinction, is driven from his posi-
the German by Mrs. Pohli. San Francisco: Paul Elder & Co. tion at the head of a large charity hospital,
THE LONELY WAY, Intermezzo, Countess Mizzie: Three
Plays. By Arthur Schnitzler. Translated from the German, hounded out of professional life, and finally
with Introduction, By Edwin Björkman.
Series." New York: Mitchell Kennerley.
sent to prison because he refuses to allow a
VIENNESE IDYLLS. By Arthur Schnitzler. Translated from Christian priest to make miserable with ques-
the German by Frederick Eisemann. With portrait. Boston:
John W. Luce & Co.
tions and threats a dying “sinner's" last
With
“ Modern Drama


268
(Sept. 30
THE DIAL
hours. Dr. Bernardi accepts all the tragic lead finally to a double suicide and to the
consequences of his act as inevitable in such still more terrible destruction of cherished
a society, and insists that they are absolutely hopes and illusions. Anatol, aged and dis-
without effect upon his real self. So inde- satisfied, reappears here as Julian, a bitterly
pendent and so profoundly clear-sighted is satiric portrait of the artistic dilettante who
he, so sure of the rightness of his judgments was drawn so much more tolerantly in the
and the value of his work, and equally of the earlier dialogues. His actual unhappy loneli-
impossibility of its being understood, that he ness is, however, no greater than that of any
passes untouched through what to a weaker other person in the group; mutual incompre-
man would have been the depths of humilia- hension and consequent isolation are the rule
tion. He says at the end of the play, in of life, and the working-out to this realization
explanation of his attitude and in answer to by all the characters makes the tragedy of
the plea of his friends that he demand a their situation. Again strength is lacking,
revision of his case :
not simply strength to stand upright with
“ All my plans have vanished. . . . When I stiff muscles under the blows of fate, that
started to write that (a book presenting his views] is too grim and humorless an attitude to suit
my wrath melted. From the accusations against any artist with so much of non- -Teutonic blood
Flint and his consorts, I drifted into Austrian in his veins as this Viennese, — but sufficient
politics; then into philosophy and ethical respon- creative force to analyze and to enrich with
sibility, revelation and freedom of the will.'
“« That is always the case,' says Winkler, if interpretation every moment of life, no mat-
you go to the root of the thing. It is better to put
ter how painful. Want of this superabun-
on the brakes sooner, for some fine day you begin
dant vitality makes defeat a certainty to some
to understand - to pardon everything — and then
unfortunates, as its mere possession enables
where is the charm of life, if you cannot love or
others to triumph.
hate any more?'
Some minor studies of differing tempera-
“Oh, one goes on loving and hating. . . I did ments are exquisitely set in lower keys in the
not want to solve a problem. I only did what I "Viennese Idylls," – a very inappropriately
considered right in a special case.'”
titled collection of six unusually moving and
This conclusion, which to the practical person various short stories. The influence of Freud
might seem the ultimate destruction of all and his school of psycho-analists is apparent
values, is actually the most positive kind of in more than one passage of subtly presented
assertion of the modern individualist's creed. | mood, with its complex of emotion and of com-
The self-sufficiency which results from wide paratively unmarked external action. In
comprehension, the independence born of a each of these stories, as in the plays, the
realization both of the individual's creative drama is primarily internal; the tension is
power and of the limits to that power,— these of the terrifying kind that holds during a
are the central themes focussing Schnitzler's nightmare; the characters are, many of them,
as well as many another modern's work. endowed with the almost magical intuition
It is lack of strength, and so of self-suffi- which gives certain quiet and unimpressive
ciency, that brings about Christine's tragedy persons the power to draw from commonplace
in "Playing with Love" ("Liebelei"), and
events very real esthetic satisfaction,
Robert's tragedy in “The Mate"; both go on through their power to lose themselves in the
living lies more or less consciously for want effort of analysis and appreciation. For this
of independence and the force to make their satisfaction there can be no rule and no pre-
lives sincere. "Be something, have so much cise preparation, though incidentally there
in yourself that when you are deprived of must be no prejudices -- there can only be
position, of love, of every tie, yet there will power of the sort Schnitzler himself seems to
always remain sufficient within yourself," possess to an unusual degree. Extraordinary
Hermann Bahr's comment “ Liebelei receptiveness and sensitiveness, sympathies
might be extended in its application to sev- of the widest range, unusual intellect and cul-
eral of Schnitzler's pieces. The positive and tivation, and a will determined to follow the
triumphant aspect of the creed is illustrated
intricate windings of the human spirit into
in “Dr. Bernardi,” its tragedy in “The shadowy corners of hitherto stubborn reti-
Lonely Way," most powerful of the later cences, with a patience (not always emulated
plays.
by his translators) in expressing his themes
Ibsen never painted a tenser succession of through a transparently suitable style, a style
scenes than the sequence of quiet conversa- vigorously direct and natural, picturesque,
tions which in The Lonely Way” reveal suggestive or allusive as the case demands,-
through skilful characterization the story of these are the marked characteristics of
a long-dead passion and its fruits, and which i Schnitzler's work. Its whole effect is of a
a
on
(6


1915)
269
THE DIAL
-
richness, a disinterested sincerity, and a sub- ests and architectural abilities would suspect,
tlety which many of our thinner and cruder that in all which concerned the form of the
and more clamorous young writers could do city and the character of its buildings Jeffer-
no better than to study.
son was the prime mover. The relative posi-
WINIFRED SMITH. tion of the public buildings, the rectangular
groundwork of streets, the competition for
architectural designs, were all his ideas.
THE BUILDING OF WASHINGTON.*
The estimate of L'Enfant, the French engi-
neer who delineated the city plan, and was
A history of the city of Washington tran-
scends the ordinary local history in scope, and responsible for the radial avenues and for the
detail of the design, has been the subject of
acquires a national interest. The subject is
one to which the Columbia Historical Society
more controversy than any other personal
matter concerned in the founding of the city.
has for many years devoted its attention;
The recent idealizers of L'Enfant have repre-
the "History of the National Capital” by
sented him as a much injured man, whose ser-
Mr. W. B. Bryan, one of its prominent mem-
vices were neither appreciated nor rewarded.
bers, may be looked on as a resultant or con-
Mr. Bryan, who brings to bear fresh material
clusion of its researches to the time of writing.
This must not be said without a corresponding takes a more judicial view. L'Enfant, who
concerning other phases of L'Enfant's career,
emphasis on the personal factor, for Mr.
everywhere enacted the same rôle of brilliant
Bryan's work is not a second-hand summary
of the monographs of others, but the product disdainful rejection of compensations in-
accomplishment, headstrong indiscretion, and
of extended individual researches in the ar-
tended to be liberal, was temperamentally
chives of the government and in contemporary
unfitted for the execution of the schemes he so
documents generally. The first volume to
finely conceived.
appear covers the decisive period from the
In the discussion of the genesis of the de-
beginnings of the city to the British destruc-
tions of 1814. The planning of the city itself, signs of the Capitol and the President's House,
Mr. Bryan is less successful, because he here
the design and building of the Capitol and the
draws largely on previous monographic works
President's house, the share in these matters of
which really do not conform to his own stand-
Washington and Jefferson, and of the archi-
ards of historical criticism. Mr. Glenn Brown's
tects and engineers, are subjects which have
more than a local importance.
“History of the United States Capitol," and
other writings, have adduced a mass of impor-
The struggle over the location of the seat
tant drawings and a selection of interesting
of government, antecedent to the Residence
documents, but careful study in the same field
Act of 1790, is one which has been often de-
should have shown that many of his conclu-
scribed; so that it is properly treated, in the
sions are in need of drastic revision. Mr.
work in hand, by a relatively brief but intel-
ligible résumé. The subsequent proceedings repeats uncritically some of Mr. Brown's
Bryan does correct them in a few points, but
under the act are much less known; and they assertions, such as that the original draw-
form the object of a large and original section
of the book. The part of President Washing- ings of Hoban for the President's House are
not in existence, and that they contemplated
ton in the establishment of the city, always
a building with wings. He also makes bold
predominant in the popular mind, has already
to say that, as far as known, no other designs
been brought out in detail by Mr. Bryan's
than those of Hoban, Hallet, and Collins
earlier publication of Washington's letters
were submitted in the competition for the
bearing on the matter. Washington's was the
President's House. As a matter of fact the
wise judgment and conciliatory spirit which
Maryland Historical Society, the collections
secured the coöperation of the land owners,
of which should be familiar to a student of
allayed sectional jealousy, and insisted on a
the subject, preserves the designs of four
stable policy in the execution of plans. Mr.
other competitors, together with one
Bryan now has opportunity to do justice to
of
Hoban's original drawings; and the Coolidge
other actors in the enterprise, and he does not
collection in Boston has another of Hoban's
fail to give them their due share. The part of
plans. By a very serious misquotation of one
Jefferson, especially, which has been obscured
of Washington's letters (p. 203), Mr. Bryan
by that of his superior in office, Mr. Bryan
clearly recognizes. He emphasizes a point essentially responsible for the revised plan of
is led to give the name of Hallet as the one
which any student of Jefferson's artistic inter-
the Capitol adopted in 1793, whereas Wash-
*A HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL CAPITAL.
ington's meaning was that the plan might on
Bogart Bryan. Volume I, 1790-1814. New York: The Mac-
the whole be considered as Thornton's.
By Wilhelmus
millan Co.


270
(Sept. 30
THE DIAL
66
These errors, although unfortunately im- minded observer, and the master of a clear
portant, are not characteristic of the book, and graceful style.
which in many cases says a final word on The time was ripe for this exceptionally
matters within its scope. Economic, social, well informed foreigner, who was ' almost
educational, and legal problems are all com- Japanese in his understanding of, and sym-
petently handled. If the arrangement is a pathy with, the Japanese people," to prepare
good deal that of a chronicle, lacking in relief this much needed brief history. In his own
and emphasis, this will not detract from its words:
great usefulness as a book of reference.
During the past three decades Japanese stu-
FISKE KIMBALL.
dents have devoted much intelligent labour to
collecting and collating the somewhat disjointed
fragments of their country's history. The task
would have been impossible for foreign historiog-
AN AUTHORITATIVE HISTORY OF THE
raphers alone, but now that the materials have
JAPANESE PEOPLE.*
been brought to light there is no insuperable diffi-
Notwithstanding the prominent place as-
culty in making them available for purposes of
sumed and held by Japan in the developments joint interpretation.”
of the past generation, it has not been easy One hundred and forty-three of these Japa-
for the western reader to find a scholarly and nese accounts are cited in the bibliography,
convenient history of that interesting land.
and it is in the use of them that the supreme
Travel books and descriptive accounts with value of the present volume consists.
out end were available, and few of them were In Captain Brinkley's book there is now
worth the time spent in their perusal. His available, for the general reader as well as
tories there were, but so little had been done for the student, a volume of 731 pages,
in exploring the great wealth of Japanese printed on India paper and therefore of con-
records that western students were ill pre- venient size, which gives a well balanced his-
pared to present well reasoned narratives. tory of the Japanese people in the light of the
The two massive volumes of Murdoch, and investigations of both Japanese and foreign
the papers of the Asiatic Society of Japan, scholars. It is not too much to assert that in
were the best sources of information available spite of minor shortcomings it is distinctly
in English. It is therefore with a keen sense the most useful work of its kind in existence.
of appreciation that everyone interested in It is hardly necessary to dwell upon the
Japan and the Japanese must welcome a work many valuable features of this comprehen-
which assuredly "fills a long-felt want." sive work. In every period considerable
"A History of the Japanese People, from
attention is paid to the culture, the social
the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji order, the economic conditions. The illustra-
Era" is the final work of the late Captain tions, 150 in number, are well chosen, but in
F. Brinkley, R.A., formerly editor of the some cases have been carelessly placed so as
Japan Mail.” Although written in col- to represent a chronological period different
laboration with Baron Kikuchi, former Presi- from the text. Readers unfamiliar with
dent of the Imperial University at Kyoto, Japanese will find the frequent use of proper
Baron Kikuchi gives practically all the credit
names tedious, and yet Captain Brinkley has
to his senior colleague, asserting that his own
avoided inconsequential details as much as
"share is slight, consisting merely in general possible. A single sentence, such as "the
advice and in a few suggestions on some spe-
political complications that followed the death
cial points." Captain Brinkley has long been
of the Taiko are extremely difficult to un-
known as one of the most sympathetic inter- ravel, and the result is not commensurate
preters of modern Japan. A British officer,
with the trouble," covers a period on which
a considerable controversial literature exists
he early went to Japan, retired from the ser-
vice, and became editor of the “Japan Mail,” parties during the years of feudal anarchy is
in Japanese. The frequent realignment of
for many years the ablest conducted foreign
most difficult to follow, notwithstanding the
newspaper in Tokyo. As the author of the
author's effort to hold fast to the main lines
histories of Japan and China in the "Orien-
of historical development.
tal Series,” and of the article on Japan in
An endeavor to condense 1450 years of his-
the "Encyclopædia Britannica,” he was well
known abroad as a keen student, an open-
tory, and an uncertain epoch of mythology,
into a single volume calls for rare talent in
* A HISTORY OF THE JAPANESE PEOPLE, from the Earliest
the art of omission. Frequently involved
Times to the End of the Meiji Era. By Capt. F. Brinkley, events must be described in summary phrases,
R.A., with the collaboration of Baron Kikuchi. Illustrated.
New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Co.
and too often the dry bones of history lie


1915)
271
THE, DIAL
exposed without the covering of descriptive
RECENT POETRY.*
matter. And yet Captain Brinkley has been
able to enliven his text with many incidents,
The decay of the hopes which were excited
extremely well chosen, which portray the by the early work of Mr. Stephen Phillips is
genius of the people and their leaders. An
one of the tragedies of contemporary poetry.
illustration, which has several points of inter-
And his latest volume does nothing to miti-
est, is the following:
gate this tragedy. It consists largely of mat-
“During the lifetime of Ieyasu, one of the most
ter such as one would expect to find published
noted scholars was Fujiwara Seigwa. By the invi- after the author's death by those persons who
tation of the Tokugawa chief he lectured on the ransack the effects of deceased poets for new
classics in Kyoto, and it is recorded that Ieyasu, material wherewith to make "complete edi-
who had just (1600) arrived in that city, attended | tions,
tions," - manuscripts, that is to say, which
one of these lectures, wearing his ordinary gar- the writer himself knew better than to make
ments. Seigwa is related to have fixed his eyes on public. Yet Mr. Phillips has not died. The
Ieyasu and addressed him as follows: "The great- banality and immelodiousness of many of
est work of Confucius teaches that to order one-
these poems are almost incredible. Once their
self is the most essential of achievements. How
author was supposed to be the herald of a
shall a man who does not order himself be able to
order his country? I am lecturing on ethics to
new narrative blank verse of no little power
one who behaves in a disorderly and discourteous
and beauty; he can now make such lines as
manner. I believe that I preach in vain.' Ieyasu
the following the climax of the love story of
immediately changed his costume, and the event an English soldier and a wandering Moslem
contributed materially to the reputation alike of maiden:
the intrepid teacher and of the magnanimous stu-
“Hath ever,' said he, such a feat of love
dent, as well as to the popularity of Seigwa's Been known in this dull world as this of thine?
doctrines.”
Was ever so much risked or so much dared ?
It must not be forgotten that Captain
Now to my mother will I make you known.'”
Brinkley was evidently writing for the gen- The title poem, addressed to this country, is
eral public rather than for the special stu- in heroic couplets of a second-rate eighteenth-
dent, and therefore the absence of citations century quality. In particular, there is a
of the Japanese sources and the lack of in- distinct echo of the gentlemanly Augustan
cisive criticism in controversial matters are who once described the grasshopper as “the
doubtless intentional. Notwithstanding the crawling scourge that smites the leafy plain"
great number of unusual names, the text is in Mr. Phillips's account of the yellow-fever
remarkably clear of typographical errors, mosquito as
and misstatements of fact are rare. But that
“the fatal fly with baleful breath
some should occur is scarcely surprising. In That bears on gaudy wings the buzzing death."
regard to the Shimonoseki complication As illustration for this poem, the frontispiece
(p. 674), the date should be June 24 or 25;
reproduces one of Mr. Joseph Pennell's etch-
and the firing on the American ship did not ings of the Gatun locks. It is well worth
take place until June 26, instead of prior to having, and furnishes the only reason I can
May 11. And exception must be taken to the
think of why any one should possess the book.
statement on p. 675 which credits Sir Harry
Or, if this be ungenerous, another reason may
Parkes with conceiving the idea of securing
be found in the single poem called “Jesus
the Mikado's ratification of the foreign trea-
and Joan," based on a fine bit of religious
ties by means of a naval demonstration at imagination:
Hyogo; this proposal was first made by Mr.
“When Jesus greeted Joan in the After-twilight,
Pruyn, the American Minister, almost two
When the Crucified kissed the Burned,
years before Sir Harry arrived in Japan.
It is to be hoped that this history of the
• PANAMA, and Other Poems. By Stephen Phillips. New
York: John Lane Co.
Japanese people may have the wide circula- SONGS FROM THE CLAY. By James Stephens. New York:
tion which it merits, and that it may con-
By Laurence Binyon. “New
tribute to a better understanding of a most Poetry Series." Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
interesting people with whom we are bound Poetry Bookshop.
to come into increasingly closer relations.
THE WITCH-MAID, and Other Verses. By Dorothea Mackel-
lar. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
PAYSON J. TREAT. CRACK O' Dawn. By Fannie Stearns Davis. New York:
The Macmillan Co.
Poems. By Brian Hooker. New Haven: Yale University
Although Mr. Edmund Gosse has completed his
Press.
“Life of Swinburne,” we understand that the book
NORTH OF BOSTON. By Robert Frost. New York: Henry
Holt & Co.
will not be published until after the war; when, THE PRESENT HOUR. By Percy Mackaye. New York: The
Macmillan Co.
presumably, we shall also be given Swinburne's
THE NEW WORLD. By Witter Bynner. New York: Mitchell
correspondence and his posthumous poems.
Kennerley.
The Macmillan Co.
THE WINNOWING FAN.
SPRING MORNING.
By Frances Cornford.
London:
The


272
(Sept. 30
THE DIAL
66
Then softly they spoke together, solemnly, sweetly, its best, no doubt because most truly lyrical,
They two so branded with life.
the verse takes up a dirge "For the Fallen,"
But they spoke not at all of cross, or of up-piled
flaming,
whose partly irregular rhythm moves with a
Or the going from them of God;
kind of sobbing pathos which is yet kept under
But he was tender over the soul of the Roman
stern control :
Who yielded him up to the priest;
And she was whist with pity for him that lighted
They went with songs to the battle, they were young,
The faggot in Rouen town.”
Straight of limb, true of eye, steady and aglow.
They were staunch to the end against odds
Of whatever is written by Mr. James Ste-
uncounted,
phens, whether in prose or in verse, one may
They fell with their faces to the foe.
be sure that it will reveal a whimsical, Iris-like * They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow
personality, darting unexpectedly from boy.
old:
like farce to the most matured sentiment, and
Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn.
At the going down of the sun and in the morning
always a distinguished sense of style. His
We will remember them.
“Songs from the Clay" are the utterance of
this familiar personality, conscious now of its
“ They mingle not with their laughing comrades
again;
imprisonment in sordid clay, and again only
They sit no more at familiar tables of home;
of the stars that shine down upon the bog. They have no lot in our labour of the day-time;
I have drawn this figure from one of the They sleep beyond England's foam.
poems themselves, which is addressed to “ The
“But where our desires are and our hopes profound,
Nodding Stars":
Felt as a well-spring that is hidden from sight,
“ Brothers! what is it ye mean?
To the innermost heart of their own land they are
known
What is it ye try to say ?
That so earnestly ye lean
As the stars are known to the Night.”
From the spirit to the clay.
The Poetry Bookshop of London has issued
“ There are weary gulfs between
a new group of poetical “chapbooks," whose
Here and sunny Paradise;
rather garish paper covers, adorned with
Brothers! what is it ye mean
woodcuts of somewhat affected crudity, en-
That ye search with burning eyes
close widely varying contents. The only one
“Down for me whose fire is clogged,
of them which has appealed to me as of dis-
Clamped in sullen earthly mould,
tinctive interest is Miss Cornford's "Spring
Battened down and fogged and bogged Morning.” This little collection, unpreten-
Where the clay is seven-fold ?"
tious and naive in tone, represents a real indi-
Close by it is this other, dealing with the viduality and a gift for rapid, concentrated
same theme in the other mood :
effectiveness of expression. Take, for exam-
ple, this sketch of a child's point of view:
“ While walking through the trams and cars
I chanced to look up at the sky
“My father's friend came once to tea.
And saw that it was full of stars,
He laughed and talked. He spoke to me.
But in another week they said
“ So starry-sown that you could not,
That friendly pink-faced man was dead.
With any care, have stuck a pin
Through any single vacant spot.
“How sad, they said; the best of men
So I said too, ‘How sad'; but then
“ And some were shining furiously,
Deep in my heart I thought with pride:
And some were big and some were small,
'I know a person who has died.'”
But all were beautiful to see.
Or this, of "Autumn Morning at Cambridge":
“ Blue stars and gold, a sky of grey,
“Down in the town, off the bridges and the grass
The air between a velvet pall;
They are sweeping up the leaves to let the people
I could not take my eyes away.
pass;
Sweeping up the old leaves, golden-reds and browns,
“And there I sang this little psalm
While the men go to lecture with the wind in their
Most awkwardly, because I was
gowns.”
Standing between a car and tram.”
Greater England is represented by a vol-
The “New Poetry Series” devotes one of ume from an Australian poet, Miss Dorothea
its issues, of less than forty pages, to poems Mackellar, whose verse, it appears, has be-
on the present war, by Mr. Laurence Binyon. come known before this in her own continent.
They are sturdy, dignified utterances, full of The larger world should make her acquain-
feeling, but of such restrained feeling as an tance, for not only does she present some
Englishman will show; sometimes rising to vivid glimpses of her own unfamiliar land,
really noble levels, sometimes tending to be but her art shows a fluent sense of both color
merely oratorical, as is almost inevitable in and melody, that catches the attention apart
the extended treatment of such a subject. At from the incidental interest of the back-


1915)
273
THE DIAL
:
ground. Color most of all; one poem cele- such undeniably true generalization.
. For,
brates the joy of it in a veritable hymn of since the lyric deals with momentary feeling,
praise for "saffron sunset clouds, and lark- not with the exposition of the whole subject,
spur mountains,” for “nights of blue and it is right that at times it should confine itself
pearl," for “beaches yellow as sunburnt to the absolutely simple joy,- if we are still
wheat," and the "wide purple sea."
wide purple sea.” In capable of having simple joys. In one of the
others the pageant of Australian landscapes most pleasant of her poems Mrs. Gifford takes
is made to pass by:
precisely this point of view :
“ The tragic ring-barked forests
“ The hills are green and simple folk;
Stark white beneath the moon,
The wind is quick with comrade-calls;
The sapphire-misted mountains,
White wayside apple-trees, and smoke
The hot gold hush of noon.
Of woodfires, and bright waterfalls,-
Green tangle of the brushes
Where lithe lianas coil,
They never bid me understand.
And orchids deck the tree-tops
They never say, 'You too must die.'
And ferns the crimson soil.
I will go take the wind's cold hand.
God knows, I cannot always cry!
Or thanks are given
And we are grateful for this. The only trou-
“ For the pine-tree like a church-spire, that grows
upon the ridge,
ble is, the thing is evidently done with an
For the lizard at its foot,
effort, — the poet doth protest too much; if
she were really convinced that she need not
" And the luminous red leaves of the sapling gums in always cry, she would have said nothing about
spring,
And the fen-lake's reed-grown marge.”
it. But it would be unjust to imply that this
mood of half-tones or mixed tones dominates
Space must also be found for some lines from
the whole collection. Sometimes, as in “Wild
a charmingly facile and intimate lyric called Weather," there is real freedom from the
“ The Explorer”:
doubts of both philosopher and sociologist :
“ Had I been Adam in Eden-glade
“My lips with salt were wild to taste.
I should have climbed the wall
I leapt: I shouted and made haste:
Or ever the Woman found the fruit,
Along the cliffs, above the sea,
Crimson and ripe to fall.
With mad red mantle waving free,
And hair that whipped the eyes of me.
“I'd think of naught save the wall, but gain
Over the other side
“ And there was no one else but he,
A fair mixed world of evil and good,
That great grim wind who called to me.
Chancy and wild and wide. ..
Oh, we ran far! Oh, we ran free!”
“ Had I been Adam in Paradise
Nor could anything be more simply and vera-
I should ha' climbed the wall;
ciously happy than the "Fire Fantasy” of
I want not only the sweet of life
the child who lies dreaming
But all — all — all! "
on the fox-skin, white
Turn we now to our own country. A sec-
As silver under the leaping light,-
ond book of verse by Fannie Stearns Davis White and furry and kind and warm,
(Mrs. Gifford) will find readers to welcome it [While] out by the window scurries the storm.”
who have known a number of the poems in
Mrs. Gifford's technique is noticeably sure
familiar periodicals, as well as those who
and sound. Though touched by the Welt-
The
enjoyed the writer's earlier volume.
title-poem of “ Crack o' Dawn” is wrought fulness of true rhythm or melodious rhyme,
schmerz, she has not been convicted of the sin-
about the same theme as William Vaughn and one may follow her through many lyrical
Moody's “ Gloucester Moors,” and all through
movements with security and pleasure. The
the book runs the like interweaving of joy in
limitations of her lyrical art are summed up
nature with a sense of world-sorrow because
in saying that it is wholly feminine; perhaps
of the sins and inadequacies of society.
not one of her poems fails to show the lam-
“How dare I drink heaven-dew
bent, flame-like feeling that we know to be
While those I love drink death?"
characteristic of the poetic in woman. A
This is the poignant query of so many voices more symmetrical or completer art demands,
of our generation. Mrs. Gifford seems just of course, the sense that the masculine is pres-
a little too insistent on the sorrow that under- ent in it too.
lies all human experience. I have always Mr. Brian Hooker has collected his poems
resented the type of cradle-song which con- for the first time, and one may assume that
cludes by intimating to the infant that “sor- he includes work going back to comparatively
row is coming by-and-by," or that "soon youthful years. There is, at any rate, an air
comes the sleep that has no waking,” or other of youthfulness about the volume,— not in
66


274
(Sept. 30
THE DIAL
the way of immaturity, much less of sauci- ing a problem of great concern in current
ness, but from the sense that here is abundant poetry - the new development of a verse
experimentation interesting as promise rather style which shall seem to be very nearly that
than as accomplishment. There are ballades of common speech. The problem is not new,
and sonnets, melodious and well wrought; of course; Wordsworth set it forth clearly,
there are couplets and blank verse; there are but his methods and results in seeking to solve
songs which show the none too common sense it were not quite so clear. Coventry Patmore
‘of that which in words is really akin to music; made interesting experiments in the same
and there are pleasing experiments in a new direction, anticipating (in “The Angel in the
form, akin to the triolet, which the inventor House” and in other poems) a number of
names the “Turn.” Of this last an example effects, both metrical and stylistic, which we
may be given at once:
are likely to think of as peculiar to the twen-
“ Love came back to look once more
tieth century. Browning, again, showed what
On the home he long had known:
could be done with every-day diction by his
Found a vine across the door,
method, and Walt Whitman by his. But the
Found the fountain foul and dry,
present generation has gone to work with new
Found the garden overgrown;
Heard at last a tired sigh.-
seriousness to see how it can get both the
Love came back to look once more."
full effect of poetry in prose, and the full
effect of common speech in verse. So far as
But in all this one is not sure that one knows
I know, the late John Synge is the only writer
where the poet himself is to be found — what
of English who has accomplished the first of
it is, after preparation and prelude, that he these things, and that because of his discov-
wishes to say. The most extensive composi- ery (or invention) of an extraordinary dia-
tion in the volume is “ The White Cat," a lect; but that is not the question here. Mr.
symbolic fairy-poem on the theme “ That Masefield, in the second matter, was perhaps
every quest is but a coming home"; the nar-
the first to do to perfection what Wordsworth
rative is lucid and facile, but memorable less
saw from afar; and he is having a number of
for itself than for some fine passages of ornate
followers, showing varying degrees of inde-
Tennysonian blank verse. Since for the press pendent power. A fresh line of experimenta-
ent reviewer this term “ Tennysonian" is not
the malignant reproach which it becomes on
tion in the new diction appears in Mr. Robert
Frost's “North of Boston,” which has already
the lips of many of our contemporaries, let me
been noticed in these columns, but which I
quote from one or two of these passages, in
evidence of the good hope we may have for
am glad to have occasion to mention again
Mr. Hooker's further work in the field of epic tion in England, the book is now reissued
because, having first appeared and won atten-
or romance:
with an American imprint. There are few
“Clambering a rocky slope interminable,
better examples of success in this direction
He reached the height, and paused, and standing
there
than two or three of the poems in Mr. Mack-
Fronted a firm wind, and the mist fell, blown aye's new volume, “The Present Hour,"
Asunder, and the stars shone. All around,
especially the one called "Fight,” which opens
Vast mountains bulked against an ebony sky
the collection, and that called “School," writ-
League beyond league, crested with snow, and
floored
ten as a tribute to an old New England acad.
With sea-green pines; as though the almighty deep, emy. Note passages like these :
Heaving his foamy legions to the war
“ Jock rammed his cap
Of the four winds, hung suddenly motionless -
A storm in stone."
And rubbed a numb ear with the furry flap,
Then bolted like a faun,
Slowly as one that from the house of death
Bounding through shin-deep sleigh-ruts in his shaggy
Bitterly escaping, swims through fires of pain
brawn,
And storms of fever, and black floods of sleep, Blowing white frost-wreaths from red mouth agap
Till at the last his soul, returning, clears
Till, in a gabled porch beyond the store,
Faint eyes, and with a dim wonder he sees
He burst the door."
The strange walls of his own remembered room,
Where the gray day, through curtains closely drawn, "He dropped his hoe, but sudden stooped again
Sickens the lamplight, and the house is still."
And raised it where it fell. Nothing he spoke,
But bent his knee and crack! the handle broke
If that sort of thing seems old-fashioned, it
Splintering. With glare of pain,
does not follow that its charm should ever be He flung the pieces down, and stamped upon them;
obsolete.
then
Like one who leaps out naked from his cloak
Leaving behind, however, as our generation
Ran. 'Here, come back! Where are ye bound
is tending to do, the more conventional and
ornate poetic modes, we find ourselves realiz-
He cried - 'To school!'”
<
you fooli


1915)
275
THE DIAL
The whole of both poems should be consid- not find either in the occasional sprawling
ered by any who have been led to believe that, Whitmanesque versification, or in the unrea-
in order to secure the effect of freedom, soned Whitman-like outpourings of a kind of
veracity, and directness, it is necessary to chaotic, mystical patriotism, the new values
abandon the limitations of a fixed rhythmical of “The New World.” There is a warm,
form or the reasonable restraints and digni- lovable sociology here; and there is a relig-
ties of a sound style. I do not here undertake ious philosophy, seemingly somewhat Hindu
to speak of Mr. Mackaye's volume as a whole, in character, though the writer distinguishes
for it is already not of "the present hour, it from Hinduism ; but as I know only just
but of that year 1914 which occurred so very enough of either sociology or philosophy to
long ago; and its chief contents have become be suspicious of the soundness of Mr. Byn-
more or less familiar in periodicals. Like ner's doctrines, as such, I cannot value the
most of the author's work, it is notable for a book by them. But that does not matter.
wholesome combination of sincerity and dig. Wordsworth said of his “ Intimations ode
nity. It is consoling to contrast the simple that he had made use of certain notions,
but high feeling and expression of the two a poet,” without bothering as to whether or
poems that deal with the Panama Canal, with not they were demonstrably true; and that
the meretricious tawdriness of Mr. Phillips's is certainly what most of us do in reading
composition on the same subject. From that his great poem. So here; those of us who
made in honor of Colonel Goethals I quote the cannot follow Mr. Bynner's transcendental
opening stanzas:
socialism and pantheism (I use neither word
with technical accuracy) may rejoice in the
" A man went down to Panama
Where many a man had died
clouds of glory which they trail as they come,
To slit the sliding mountains
- and I do not mean mere beauty of figure
And lift the eternal tide:
and word, but nobility and loveliness of
A man stood up in Panama,
thought and feeling. There is a great woman
And the mountains stood aside.
portrayed in this poem; and the reader is
“The Power that wrought the tide and peak led, with a passionate skill which he is likely
Wrought mightier the seer;
not to realize or understand, to follow the
And the One who made the isthmus
revelation of her spirit, and at the end to feel,
He made the engineer,
And the good God he made Goethals
as the poet represents himself as feeling, that
To cleave the hemisphere.”
he has made, and lost, and yet not lost, a
friend. At times Mr. Bynner's style gives us
Perhaps the only thing one is tempted to
new examples of that search for directness
wish for, in these poems of Mr. Mackaye's, is
something more of the élan vital, the flaming in others :
and veracity which we have been remarking
lyrical glow and warmth, which characterize
the last volume of our present list; and, by
“Be my reply
Challenge to poets who, with tinkling tricks,
the same token, one might covet for Mr. Wit-
Meet life and pass it by.
ter Bynner a bit of Mr. Mackaye's restraint Beauty,' they ask, 'in politics?'
and sense of form. Even without it, “The 'If you put it there,' say I."
New World” is a notable, a really golden At other times it rises and soars — yet with-
book. This I say in the face of prejudices of
out altogether losing its directness - on
which the reader of this journal has already flights which to seek to follow is a rich new
become aware, and which force me to add that experience. I know of nothing in recent verse
a modicum of metrical firmness and soberness,
finer than this strophe, in a meditation on the
just by way of alternation - let us say nature of everlastingness:
with the unhemmed, flood-like flowing and
splashing of his fine eloquences, would cer-
" Therefore, O spirit, as a runner strips
Upon a windy afternoon,
tainly better the work. Better it, that is, for
Be unencumbered of what troubles you —
those who do not find essential satisfaction in Arise with grace
the form of lines like these:
And greatly go! — the wind upon your face!
Grieve not for the invisible transported brow
Celia, hold out your hand,
On which like leaves the dark hair grew,
Or anyone in any field or street, hold out your
Nor for those lips of laughter that are now
hand
Laughing in sun and dew,
And I can see it pulse the massive climb
Nor for those limbs that, fallen low
And dip
And seeming faint and slow,
Of this America,
Shall alter and renew
My ship!"
Their shape and hue
Like birches white before the moon
Whitman, by the explicit announcement of
Or the wild cherry-bough
the poet, is in part his inspiration; but I do In spring, or the round sea,


276
(Sept. 30
THE DIAL
seem to have been for several years past; and the Primitive conditions as tests whereby to try the
And shall pursue
very bad, the girl marries him just the same.
More ways of swiftness than the swallow dips
What the moral is, one cannot tell; yet there is no
Among, and find more winds than ever blew
doubt about the author's intention to have one.
The straining sails of unimpeded ships !
Mourn not! Yield only happy tears
California clutches the hearts of those who give
To deeper beauty than appears!”
themselves up to her charm, and Mrs. Mary Hal-
That two such volumes as Mr. Mackaye's lock Foote proves herself a thoroughgoing Cali-
and Mr. Bynner's should appear within a
fornian in " The Valley Road” (Houghton). She
six months' period is of itself an augury of
even goes to the lengths of contrasting the best New
England has to offer with the best of the Western
confidence for American poetry.
Coast — to the disparagement of neither, be it
RAYMOND M. ALDEN. quickly said. The life of an engineer and of his
son, an engineer after him, constitute the back-
bone of the narrative, into which is woven more
than one wholesome love story. The leading char-
NOTES ON NEW NOVELS.
acters are Americans, but there is a background of
immigrant life, of which we are dimly conscious, -
Is there to be a revival of the sword-and-cloak
just as we are of this element in our national life.
romance? And is S. R. Crockett's “Hal o' the
As one expects from a writer of Mrs. Foote's
Ironsides” (Revell) one of its symptoms? Here
ability, this is a novel well worth the reading.
is a tale more readable than stories of its kind
point of view of the world, which has seen such
souls of men make up the framework for the theme
abrupt transitions since Europe went mad last
of Mr. Edwin Balmer's story of “ The Wild Goose
Chase
year, may now be favorable toward any attempt
(Duffield). It is in the Arctic that the
to interpret history, if only that we may gain from
problem works itself out, the girl and her two
the past some clue to the tragedy that has just
suitors there finding themselves confronted with
befallen mankind. "A Story of the Days of
starvation. The girl's favorite of the two men had
Cromwell” is the sub-title of the work. Read with
been opposed by her family; the family's favorite
modern eyes, one learns that the Ironsides were, in
proves lacking in that elemental thing known in
contemporary language, the product of an effi-
civilization as honor. The point of the story —
ciency expert. Except for an oriental lapse into
the old difference between man's intelligence and
the improbable, which all the author's skill does
woman's intuition — is only reached on the last
not quite carry over, the book shows that judicious
page. The story is a good one, vividly told.
blending of love and war which gives to tales of In “ Maria Again,” Mrs. John Lane continues
this kind their popularity.
that acute criticism of English life among the
Following his “ Children of the Dead End,” Mr. upper middle class which she began in "According
Patrick MacGill shows the seriousness with which
to Maria." It is the lightest of froth,- on the
he takes his calling by a more ambitious work in
surface,- where froth is usually found; and what
the same genre, “ The Rat-Pit” (Doran). Like Maria has to say is largely drivel. But the froth
its predecessor, it is a sombre tale of humble life,
indicates the vapidity beneath, and the drivel is a
taking its name from a Glasgow lodging-house for
sincere expression of what that sort of woman
women, where no questions are asked and where
thinks and says. The book is really a poignant
life is to be seen in its most sordid aspects. An
satire, and those who believe that something is the
Irish peasant girl, Norah Ryan, gifted with un-
matter with England at the present crisis can
usual beauties of soul and body, is made to yield
make good use of Mrs. Lane's material in diag-
herself to a middle-class scoundrel, after what most
nosing the evils. (John Lane Co.)
would adjudge an insufficient temptation, remem- Mr. J. E. Le Rossignol has written an unusual
bering the high moral standard of the Irish peas- book in “ Jean Baptiste” (Dutton). With large
ant.
An outcast thereafter, she finds a single powers of imagination, he is never satisfied with
friend in an older woman whose experience had allowing the conventional to control the actions of
been the same as her own. It is a tragically realis- his characters, and the jaded reader may find many
tic novel, evidencing marked literary skill.
a surprise awaiting him in consequence. Again
One acquits Mrs. Bell Elliott Palmer of intend- and again, where a less skilful writer would have
ing to write a suggestive book in “ The Single Code been satisfied to allow the narrative to pursue its
Girl” (Lothrop), just as one exonerates her from customary course, temperament overrules and the
intending to use slang when she puts it in the story takes another and unexpected slant. Dealing
mouths of her most cultured and dignified char- with the Canadian habitant, the result justifies the
acters at critical moments in their careers. But method; one feels that one has met real persons,
the fact remains that the element of suspense in and not the mere types of more ordinary novels.
her book is built upon the expected confession of A young and popular novelist hears it said that
a man's immorality, and it is in the hope that he all his success was due to his first book, of which
will disclose some Cazanova-like escapade that his others are merely variants. He forgoes his
most readers will follow the story. Surely
great prosperity, meets and marries a humble
enough, the expected disclosure comes near the end French girl, whom he takes to Paris. There, liv-
of the book — and it is n't half as bad as it might ing in abject poverty, he writes another novel
have been, after all. And, the man not being so pseudonymously, and achieves another success.


1915)
277
THE DIAL
66
This is the frame about which Mr. Robert W. European business houses has prevented the
Service writes “ The Pretender” (Dodd, Mead & author from filling these chapters with con-
Co.), which is nothing if not amusing. There is
crete illustrations. Two larger subjects,
more than a spice of Bohême about it, and much
'Education and Culture” and “Experiments
of the joy of youth and irresponsibility.
in Industrial Democracy," are naturally
A book most happily entitled is Miss Helen
treated with less thoroughness. In connection
Mackay's "Accidentals (Duffield). It is not a
with the first, Professor Henderson says an elo-
novel,- it is hardly fiction at all. Episode after
episode of life in Paris, seen with keenly sympa-
quent and much-needed word against the plan
thetic vision, make up its contents, the longest of
for vocational education which would place
these episodes filling only a few pages. Fully fin- industry alone in control of this part of the
ished as each of them is and quite complete in public school system, and thus give us a dual
itself, they collectively constitute the raw material school organization, creating fixed classes of
of literature rather than literature itself, many of the liberally and the technically trained. But
them being suggestions from which novelist and
he makes only slight allusion to certain move-
dramatist might profit.
ments in modern education that promise a
far-reaching effect on industry. In connection
with the second subject, Professor Henderson
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
has to say something upon the representation
“Manifestations of Economic of the worker in shop management, upon his
Welfare work in Liberalism ” would have been a voluntary participation in welfare plans,
modern industry.
better title for the last book of upon profit-sharing, upon recent theories of
the much regretted Charles R. Henderson economic wages, and upon plans for arbitra-
than the rather cryptic one that it bears -- tion and conciliation. It is little disparage-
“ Citizens in Industry” (Appleton). The ment to state that his attempt to cover salient
central purpose of the volume is to present a recent developments in these fields is unsatis-
picture of the welfare work done by capital factory. He should have neutralized his
istic establishments for their employees the limitations of space by a more frank recourse
world over. It touches descriptively also to generalization, especially as his illustra-
upon those general social movements for the tions omit much that will disappoint the
betterment of the laboring masses which such careful reader, — any mention under con-
establishments are assisting, but which they ciliation, for example, of the protocol in the
do not control. The justification of the title garment trades of New York, Philadelphia,
lies in Professor Henderson's doctrine that and Boston. But the book as a whole is such
all economic movements for the betterment of a conspectus of a complex field as we have
the worker, mentally, physically, and morally, long needed. It is filled, moreover, with an
must be founded on a conception of the
a conception of the optimism, a faith in meliorism under the
democratic solidarity of modern society. In present trend of the economic system, that
their programmes for the socialization of in- must impress those who were acquainted with
dustry, organizers and reformers must realize Professor Henderson's farsightedness.
that a feudal, patriarchal, patronizing atti-
tude on the part of capital is unacceptable;
French faith
Two little books recently trans-
that our workmen demand of their employers and works in lated bring confirmation of
and the State recognition of their legal and
the great war.
French earnestness and devo-
political equality, and of their rights to the tion in the present struggle. The first is a
cultural fruits of social organization. Em- letter by M. Paul Sabatier, a distinguished
ployers and employed are common citizens writer on religious themes. It is entitled
in industry.” The book is a compilation “ The Ideals of France" (London: T. Fisher
which draws on all the principal American Unwin), and was written in response to a
and European sources of information, and peace resolution passed by the International
which combines wide knowledge with an excel- Society for Franciscan Studies at Assisi. The
lent organization. There are chapters on Allies, he says, are fighting for an ideal. To
hygiene and safety in the factory and shop; think of peace before the goal is reached
on the improvement of the home life of em- would be abdication, - Dante's gran
ployees, from special homes for working boys rifiuto. Hence, though grateful to would be
and girls to wide civic housing schemes; on peace-makers for the excellence of their in-
the moral and religious influence of churches, tentions, "we are somewhat embarrassed by
Christian Associations, and libraries; and on the thought that they are more careful of
the training and work of welfare secretaries our physical than of our moral life.” Not
in large establishments. Happily, no fear of “peace at any price” but that “righteous-
unduly advertising large American and ness and peace preached by Saint Francis
66
an


278
[ Sept. 30
THE DIAL
“ The
is the goal, and France is determined to strug. of that father, and the damage was done,
gle to the end against a “Kultur which is leaving in each instance a flickering remnant
naught save worship of the sword and of the of eyesight and a faint hope of ultimate re-
golden calf.” The second book, Mme. M. covery, a hope destined in both cases to final
Eydoux-Démians's “In a French Hospital disappointment after surgical skill had don
(Duffield), gives ample evidence that this its utmost. But while we know that Faw.
ideal is backed by the heroism necessary for cett's father made agonized endeavors to
its accomplishment. These notes of a nurse atone for his carelessness, we learn nothing
in the hospital of Saint Dominic illustrate the of the elder Hawkes's conduct or frame of
willing offer by the soldiers of suffering and mind after that fatal day. The mother, how-
of life in the great cause, as well as the devo- ever, did all that a mother could do for a
tion of their families and nurses. The book stricken child. Tragic also, though in a less
is filled with anecdotes revealing the entire degree, is the account of the writer's earlier
forgetfulness of self for the path of duty. loss of a leg. If ever a high-spirited youth
Touching is the affection of the soldiers for entered on the struggle of life under serious
each other and for their officers, and the offi- handicaps, that youth was Clarence Hawkes, ,
cers' praise of their men. All are conscious
.
and the story of the struggle is to be reckoned
that they are doing their part for France, and a memorable piece of autobiography. Ex-
that is the only thing that matters. This pressing his disability in mathematical terms,
testament of a single line, found by a father Mr. Hawkes says: “I am confident that
on his son's body, is characteristic of them blindness is a twenty-five per cent handicap
all: "If we are victorious, I beg my parents in the work of life, no matter what profession
not to put on mourning for me. Nor is you adopt. The blind person, in order to suc-
humor lacking - it never is in France, even ceed equally with the seeing, must put in one
in the midst of so much ghastliness.
hundred and twenty-five per cent of energy
joy of the spirit gives the measure of its before he can stand abreast of his seeing com-
strength," wrote Ninon with a profound in- petitor.” More than that; for if he begins
sight into French character. Written by a with only three-quarters of the normal equip-
devout Catholic in a hospital under the man- ment, the extra expenditure of energy to
agement of the Sisters of Saint Vincent de bring the total up to that normal will ob-
Paul, it is natural that the author should give viously be one third, not one quarter. The
full expression to her religious feeling. One author's style is so good that one cannot but
hesitates to criticize,--surely any ideal con- wish he had more carefully observed the nice-
solation that the troubled hearts of France ties of "shall” and “should," which, it is
can find to-day is worthy; and yet one feels true, hardly anyone does now observe, the
that this insistent sentimental reaction is a more's the pity. Excellent illustrations by
bit intrusive. The translator's work is not all Mr. Charles Copeland and from photographs
that could be desired. The reader is fre- accompany the reading matter.
quently and unpleasantly reminded that the
work is a translation, too hastily done.
Mr. H. G. Wells is by all odds
“holiday in the most original and untram-
book-making."
Mr. Clarence Hawkes tells with
melled book-maker in the world
Memories of a
blind poet frankness and modesty the story to-day. “Boon: The Mind of the Race, The
and naturalist.
of his heroic life in a small vol- Wild Asses of the Devil and The Last Trump,
ume entitled “Hitting the
“Hitting the Dark Trail”
Dark Trail” | by Reginald Bliss, author of 'Whales in Cap-
(Holt). “Starshine through Thirty Years tivity,' with an ambiguous introduction by
of Night” is the poetic sub-title.
- Blanco H. G. Wells," all sounds engaging enough;
White's famous sonnet may have suggested but the book itself repays even more than the
this secondary title and also prompted the title promises. Although copyrighted in the
utterance: “The sun at noontide showed me name of Reginald Bliss, it is altogether im-
the world and all its wonders, but the night probable that the author wished or hoped to
has shown me the universe, the countless stars evade publicity,- even though he might be
and illimitable space, the vastness and the willing to escape some of the responsibility.
wonder of all life. The perfect day showed The style, the ideas, even the description of
me man's world, but the night showed me the dumpy figure of Boon so like Mr. Wells's
God's universe.” In telling the pathetic story description elsewhere of himself, — all hint
of his blindness the author does not note the plainly that he had really no intention of
striking similarity of his case to that of Henry concealing himself. But being what it is, the
Fawcett. A hunting excursion with a sport- book is more engaging than if it were what it
loving father, a shotgun in the careless hands pretends to be. The publishers (George H.
Mr. Wells's
6
7


1915)
279
THE DIAL
Doran Co.) speak of it as “a joyous holiday book as Mr. B. Russell Herts's “ The Decora-
in book-making.” As far as plan is concerned, tion and Furnishing of Apartments” (Put-
this description is accurate; for it seems at nam) is especially welcome. In it, the author
first that the author is deliberately turning calls attention to the fact that all the vast
away from the gloom and strain of war to let changes in methods of living, the bringing
his fancy cavort at will for the pleasure of an together of continents by means of fast steam-
anxious and over-taxed reading public, to ers, cables, airships, and the telegraph; the
" gyre and gimble in the wabe." If so, he
If so, he advancement of the sciences; the growing
soon forgets his purpose; or, what is more ease of manufacture,- all these have not re-
probable, he was not really throwing out a sulted in a new style of architecture or decora-
tale of a tub any more than Swift was when tion. American art, like American thought,
by pretending to turn away from politics and being conservative, the antique has been cop-
the Church he focussed attention on them. ied with avidity; but that “period” rooms,
Mr. Wells has things to say about the present however good, or an eternal copying of former
times,- vague, inchoate, ambiguous things in styles, are the best of which we to-day are
part; and being the literary craftsman that capable, cannot be granted. The outlook is
he is, he invents a delightful, indirect, effec- distinctly encouraging, as we may see by look-
tive way of saying them. Of course he pokes ing back some forty years, when taste in
fun at America (under the pseudonym of America was at its lowest. The vagaries of
"Aunt Dove"), the “Encyclopædia Britan- the 1875 designers had nothing to do with any
nica," Aristotle, “The Nation,” Mr. Henry new art; whereas in the art movements of
James, and all manner of lesser things and to-day, whether we approve of them or not,
men.
But this is only rhetorical padding. we recognize the mature and concerted action
Boon; the putative author Bliss; Dodd the of talented artists. Their messages converge
Rationalist who was obsessed with the fear to one essential point,—the necessity of free-
that some one might smuggle God back into dom and simplicity. To establish certain
the universe under some other name; Hal- canons of this nature, to urge that apartments
lery, the hero of Boon's projected book; and shall be furnished in a manner at once effec-
Wilkins, the literary opponent of Boon, and tive, satisfying, and sincere, is the purpose
the little author of Folkstone,— all these are
of Part I. of Mr. Herts's book, occupying
merely so many phases of the mind of Mr. about one-fourth of the total space. Part II.
Wells. He is using Carlyle's classical fiction is devoted to the practical details, which are
of employing straw men to foist his doubtful, discussed in an intimate and informal fash-
unsettled, or inconclusive theories upon. ion. Separate chapters are given to each type
What he wants to say, and does say with of apartment, -- from the smallest, consisting
much poetic power and engaging naïveté, is of only two rooms, with “kitchenette” and
this: The race of men is inevitably though bath, to the sumptuous spaces of the "duplex.
slowly developing a unit consciousness, a col- In dealing with large apartments, the author
lective wisdom; but meanwhile the Wild faces the danger of over-sumptuousness, and
Asses of the Devil, who get into all manner the difficulties too often experienced by Amer-
of high places and cannot be detected and icans of “becoming extravagant gracefully."
distinguished from real men, are paying their The very important considerations of “Win-
Master by cutting up the most asinine tricks, dows and their Curtaining,” “Control of Arti-
getting the world into the present war for ficial Light,” “Bric-a-Brac and Pictures” are
instance, and creating the effect of utter riot not only described in detail, but illustrated
and decay; and last most pathetic thing, by beautiful colored plates accompanied by
even when the Last Trump inadvertently descriptive notes. These plates alone form a
sounds a truncated note of warning and God
liberal education for the amateur. Although
becomes actual and visible, men will not per- in a field where personal taste counts for so
mit themselves to believe that it is really God, much the reader may discover many points
though they may wish and pray half-heart- for his own dissent, he can hardly fail to find
edly for the very sign they are at the moment the book suggestive as well as entertaining.
receiving
For those who wish to know what
Every intelligent devotee of
Decorating and
government and the United States government is
furnishing the home-making is glad to avail
its work.
doing, as well as what it is. Mr.
city apartment.
himself of helpful books or pic- James T. Young's "The New American Gov-
tures on this subject. And as a very large ernment and its Work” (Macmillan) will be
proportion of homes are now made in apart found of decided value. The work of the
ments, instead of in separate houses, such a government, the regulation of business, the
Our national


280
(Sept. 30
THE DIAL
development of social legislation, the impor- the problems . . which the recent changes in
tant activities of the judiciary, all receive that country have brought into prominence."
fresh and illuminating treatment. It is So close has been this study and so true the
mainly, however, because of the point of view author's discernment that the daily press is
of the author with respect to the executive now bringing us news of the fulfilment of
organs of national and state government that prognostications contained in this brief treat-
the work merits special notice. Mr. Young ise. Beginning with the period of the minor-
believes in executive leadership, its fitness in ity of the Emperor Kwang-hsu in the middle
a scheme of democracy, its capacity for ser- of the last century, a time of stagnation and
vice, and its responsiveness to sound public decay in China, the author narrates concisely
opinion. He accepts executive leadership in but in considerable detail events leading to
American government as a distinct advance the establishment of the Republic, - the plant-
rather than as a dangerous usurpation. In ing of seeds of new thought in the mind
doing so, and in effectively presenting this of the young Emperor by Kang Yu Wei, the
view, the author has made a real contribution sudden and extreme reform edicts of the con-
to the cause of good government in the United verted monarch, the resumption of authority
States. The chief regret of the student after by the Empress Dowager and the crushing of
a perusal of the book is that some adequate the reform party, the brief terror of the
attention could not have been given to local Boxer uprising and the ensuing conversion
government, especially city government, as a of the Empress Dowager to a programme of
part of the American system. Local govern- reform, the death of the Emperor and the
ment in the United States has suffered not a Empress Dowager, the futile reactionary pol-
little from the fact that its relative impor-icy of the Regent, and the outbreaking and
tance in the American system has not been swift success of the Revolution. Events of
sufficiently noticed in the existing books deal- the Revolution which were significant of
ing with American government. In no other future tendencies are carefully narrated and
department of this subject has the devel-, discussed. The character of Yuan Shi Kai is
opment of executive leadership been more criticized with impartial appreciation and
conspicuous than in municipal government. condemnation of its good and its bad traits.
This omission, however, will not prevent Mr. Suggestions are offered as to the probable
Young's volume from serving a useful pur- developments of the near future. These sug-
pose. Its merits will be generally recognized gestions are in part being realized at the
and appreciated. Its frankly modern view- present time. The little volume is therefore
point will attract and interest the student. not only an excellent handbook of the Revolu-
There will be a difference of opinion as to tion, but also a guide to the observer of pres-
whether the amount of constitutional mate- ent movements in China.
rial introduced in the form of judicial opin-
ions and interpretations does not exceed the
Dr. Arthur E. Bostwick's
assimilative capacity of the average college library's larger thoughtful essays on library
and university student of first and second
possibilities.
matters, originally contributed
year standing. Power of clear and forceful to “ The Bookman,” are now gathered into a
statement are present, however, to aid in the book under the title, “The Making of an
presentation of this material. Besides, the American's Library” (Little, Brown & Co.).
average student needs a little strong meat in As indicated by their headings, the five chap-
his intellectual diet.
ters treat successively of books as room-mates,
the art of browsing, the library as a literary
Now that the days of the Re- laboratory, the boy and the book, and re-
A resume of
the Chinese public of China seem limited, cuperative bibliophily. Primarily it is from
Revolution.
and the monarchy is about to be the book-buyer's standpoint that the public
re-established, it would be difficult to find a library is considered in these chapters. He
more satisfactory review of the Revolution who would form a collection of his own is
which gave rise to the Republic and of the counselled not to buy on the recommendation
significant events of the Revolution that ren- of others, but to ascertain and develop his
der the impending reversion apparently fore- tastes by a copious yet discriminating use of
ordained and inevitable, than one finds in the public library. Far from superfluous is
“ The Remaking of China” (Dutton). Mr. the caution against buying sets and complete
Adolf F. Waley, the author, modestly dis- works. Not even the greatest authors should
claims competition with recent major works be exempt from the weeding-out process; and
dealing with the same subject, but he gives still more are many of the arbitrarily formed
evidence of "very close study . . bestowed upon series or "libraries," sold often through glib-
The home


1915)
281
THE DIAL
tongued agents, to be viewed with suspicion. chancellors of the German Empire, Bismarck
Amazing is it to observe, even now, how and Bülow, for this generalization. The re-
largely the libraries of the uninformed, the viewer, who has spent several years in Ger-
careless buyers, are made up of this sort of many, can also endorse the author's statement
lumber, which hardly anyone ever pretends that inveterate hatred of England was to be
to read. Wooden dummies would be far encountered among all classes long before the
cheaper and could be painted to look just as war, mixed with the hope that the day would
showy. In one passage the author laments come when England should be broken and
the failure of public libraries to secure from humiliated. Perhaps envy and hatred stand
book-dealers “special consideration in the here in the relation of cause and effect. An
way of discount.” But surely the consideration appendix gives some interesting statistics to
they do receive is not ungenerous; it is much show that crimes of violence and lust are
more, as a rule, than the dealer is justified in much more frequent in “law-abiding" Ger-
granting. With all the risks and uncertain many than in England.
ties it has to face, the book-trade is not likely
to make many millionaires, Excellent and
rather novel in its form is Dr. Bostwick's
BRIEFER MENTION.
paragraph on the individuality and charm of
“ The Alligator and Its Allies" (Putnam) is the
the printed word, a charm which, as he notes
title of a somewhat elaborate scientific work by
with regret, the spelling-reformer is trying
Professor A. M. Reese, who has hunted this giant
to impair. His concluding chapter considers reptile in the swamps of Florida and Georgia for
the unrealized possibilities of usefulness in the Smithsonian Institution at Washington. The
the coöperation of public and private libra- work gives an account of distribution, habits, and
ries. Though called “The Making of an commercial uses of the American alligator and
American's Library," the book should have crocodile, and a brief statement of the characteris-
meaning and value to readers and library.
tics and distribution of the old-world relatives of
formers of any nationality.
these giant reptiles. Much of the book is devoted
to a technical account of the anatomy and develop-
When the citizen of a belliger anatomical and embryological laboratories in which
ment of the alligator, which will be useful in the
An enemy's
estimate of the ent country attempts to set
Germans.
advanced instruction is given. There are abun-
down the national psychology dant illustrations, an extensive bibliography, and
of an enemy the result is almost sure to be a good index.
un justifiable disparagement. Mr. Thomas
Mr. Axel Moth, of the New York Public
F. A. Smith, an Englishman who lived for Library, turns to account his long experience as
twelve years in Germany and claims to know cataloguer in a useful handbook on « Technical
the country and its people thoroughly, vents Terms Used in Bibliographies and by the Book
himself in the following vein in his book and Printing Trades,” which he further designates
called “The Soul of Germany” (Doran):
as a supplement to Mr. Frank K. Walter's earlier
similar work. Terms found in Mr. Walter's book
“In summing up, Germans are characterized
by unbounded vanity, love of secrecy, morbid The arrangement is alphabetical, in nine lists rep-
are, with a few exceptions, omitted by Mr. Moth.
sensitiveness, envy, absence of consideration
resenting as many languages - English, Danish,
for others, a strong tendency to revert to the Dutch, French, German, Italian, Latin (compiled
ape and tiger'; Germans lack true sentiment by Mr. Walter), Spanish, and Swedish.
and affection, but have a remarkable inclina- | puzzling omissions and irregularities, not attribu-
tion to reckless, brutal self-assertion.” The table to the supplementary nature of the book,
invite remark.
only virtues which the author thinks may be
While the English list gives
unreservedly ascribed to them are obedience
equivalent terms in the other modern languages
and thrift. One wonders if, for example, the
named, these equivalents are sometimes lacking,
honesty of the German lower and middle foreign lists. Rather conspicuous, too, is the acci-
without apparent reason, in one or more of the
classes counts for nothing, or if the wide-
dental omission of “German" in the second entry
spread love of music and poetry does not indi- of the table of contents. Among the few defini-
cate certain finer susceptibilities. Mr. Smith tions in the English list occurs an explanation of
seems to place the blame for the deterioration “ signature” which fails to note the derived and
of the German character on militarism and more customary meaning of the term as a folded
Social Democracy, although it must be evi-
sheet, not merely the mark at the foot of its first
dent that these two forces counteract each
page. A larger measure of comprehensiveness in
other in certain important respects. One
its not very extensive field, with no attempt to
make the book supplementary to an earlier one,
point in his invective may be granted : envy
would have rendered Mr. Moth's scholarly manual
seems to be the most characteristic vice of the
more thoroughly useful and satisfactory. It is
Germans,— we have the authority of two published by the Boston Book Co.


282
(Sept. 30
THE DIAL
NOTES.
torials that have appeared in “ Collier's Weekly”
which its editor, Mr. Mark Sullivan, has prepared
We learn that a volume of collected prose by in celebration of the twentieth birthday of the
the Irish writer “A. E." (Mr. George Russell) is magazine. The book will be published by Messrs.
ready for immediate publication.
Doran.
A volume of verses for children by Mr. James A new volume of poems, “Rivers to the Sea,"
Stephens is soon to appear under the title, “The by Miss Sara Teasdale, is immediately forthcom-
Adventures of Seumas Beg: The Rocky Road to ing from the press of the Macmillan Co. Most of
Dublin."
the poems have had earlier magazine publication;
Mr. Temple Thurston has recently completed a they have also been translated into German by
new romance entitled “ The Passionate Crime: A Mr. Rudolf Rieder to be published in Munich at
Tale of Faerie," which will appear during the
the close of the war.
autumn.
"A Reverie of Childhood and Youth," by Mr.
The book rights for Miss Geraldine Farrar's William Butler Yeats, is one of the recent an-
autobiography have been secured by the Houghton nouncements of Messrs. Macmillan. The volume is
Mifflin Co., and the volume will be published dur- described as a spiritual and emotional biography
ing the winter.
of Yeats's early years, written in charming prose
Mr. John G. Neihardt writes of the adventurous with the interest inevitably attached to the account
life of Canadian pioneers in a volume of verse,
of a sensitive childhood.
“ The Song of Hugh Glass," which Messrs. Mac- The first volumes of a “ Vassar College Seini-
millan will soon issue.
Centennial Series” will comprise “Brissot de War-
In “War, Progress, and the End of History," ville" by Miss Eloise Ellery; “ Elizabethan
by Vladimir Soloviev, the author attempts a de-
Translations from the Italian by Dr. Mary
fence of war as a means of progress. Messrs. Augusta Scott; “Social Studies in English Lit-
Doran will publish the book.
erature by Miss Laura J. Wylie; and “An In-
A new and greatly enlarged edition of Sir Sid.
troduction to the Study of Variable Stars" by
ney Lee's “ Life of Shakespeare” will appear dur-
Miss Caroline E. Furness.
ing the autumn. The same writer's authorized In addition to the new translations of Björnson's
“Life of King Edward VII." is also nearly ready “Poems and Songs ” and Strindberg's “ Master
for publication.
Olof” just issued in the series of “Scandinavian
“ Six Portraits of Rabindranath Tagore" made
Classics,” the American-Scandinavian Foundation
by the English artist Mr. Will Rothenstein are
has in press for November publication an exhaus-
shortly to be published by Messrs. Macmillan. A
tive monograph on “ Ballad Criticism in Scandi-
prefatory note to the book is contributed by Mr.
navia and Great Britain during the 18th Century,"
Max Beerbohm.
prepared by Mr. Sigurd Bernhard Hustvedt, of the
Sir Martin Conway will shortly publish through
University of Illinois.
Messrs. Longmans a book on “ The Crowd in Peace
Mr. Hall Caine's series of newspaper articles on
and War.” It is an attempt to deal in popular
the war will shortly be issued in book form by
language with the relations of the individual to
Messrs. Lippincott under the title of " The Drama
the crowd and of crowds to one another.
of 365 Days.” In it are gathered many recollec-
tions of famous actors in recent European history,
“ Indian Memories" is the title of Sir Robert
studies in national psychology, based upon per,
Baden-Powell's new book, which will be issued
sonal observation and travel before the war and
during the autumn. The author has illustrated his
since, with anecdotes that throw light upon men
impressions with sketches in color and in black
and motives in recent times.
and white.
The three volumes of “ The Literary Diary of
Three new
Bohn " volumes soon to appear are
Ezra Stiles, D.D., LL.D.," edited by Mr. Franklin
“ The Letters of Percy Bysshe Shelley," edited in
Bowditch Dexter, M.A., have been taken over for
two volumes by Mr. Roger Ingpen, and Ranke's
publication under the imprint of the Yale Uni-
“ History of the Latin and Teutonic Nations, versity Press. In bequeathing his manuscripts to
1494-1514."
his successor in the presidency of Yale College,
A satire on war, probing the militarist philoso-
Ezra Stiles probably did not realize that his diary
phy, has been written by Vernon Lee under the
would be recognized as an historical record and
title of “The Ballet of the Nations," and will be
be the one among his writings to live long years
published with decorations by Maxwell Armfield.
after the other pages had been forgotten.
The volume will be issued immediately by Messrs.
A new volume of essays by Mr. Arthur Symons,
Putnam.
entitled Figures of Several Centuries,” will be
Mr. Stephen Graham, who is rapidly making a
an important feature of the autumn publishing
reputation for himself with his books on Russia
season. The studies include “ George Meredith as
and the Russians, has still another volume in press
a Poet,” “A Note on the Genius of Thomas
for early issue, to be entitled “ The Way of Martha
Hardy,"
;"" St. Augustine," “ Charles Lamb," “ Gus-
and the Way of Mary.” It is a study of life and
tave Flaubert," "Algernon Charles Swinburne,"
religion in Russia.
“Dante Gabriel Rossetti," " “ Henrik Ibsen," “ Wal-
“ National Floodmarks" is the title of a forth- ter Pater," " Coventry Patmore," "Aubrey Beards-
coming volume composed of the most striking edi- | ley,” “Sarojini Naidu," and "Welsh Poetry.”
66


1915 ]
283
THE DIAL
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
October, 1915.
"
.
“A Book of Victorian Poetry and Prose,” com-
piled by Mrs. Hugh Walker, is announced by
Messrs. Putnam, in conjunction with the Cambridge
University Press. The contents are classified un-
der such headings as “Systematic Thinkers,"
“ Biography and Criticism,” “Poetry,” “ Novel-
ists,” and “History.” The volume also serves to
illustrate the criticisms offered upon this period in
the “ Outlines of Victorian Literature," in which
the compiler collaborated with her husband, Pro-
fessor Hugh Walker.
The autumn announcement list of Mr. Blackwell
of Oxford includes the following titles: “Life of
Viscount Bolingbroke," by Arthur Hassall; "Tales
by Polish Authors," translated by Else C. M.
Benecke; Still More Russian Picture Tales," by
Valery Carrick, translated by Nevill Forbes; “An
American Garland: Being a Collection of Ballads
Relating to America, 1563-1759,” edited with
introduction and notes by C. H. Firth; Oxford
Poetry, 1915," edited by G. D. H. C. and T. W. E.;
“ The War and Religion, by Alfred Loisy, trans-
lated by Arthur Galton; Syria as a Roman
Province,” by E. S. Bouchier; “Analysis of Mill's
Principles of Political Economy," by L. Older-
shaw;' "Historical Geography of England," by
Maud Holliday; and “Symphonies: Poems on the
Four Movement Plan," by E. H. W. M.
Martin Luther d'Ooge, one of the best-known of
American classical scholars, died suddenly at Ann
Arbor, Michigan, on the 12th inst. Born in Zon-
nemaire, Netherlands, in 1839, he came to this
country at an early age, and was educated at the
University of Michigan. Later he went abroad,
and studied at the University of Leipzig. He
joined the teaching staff of the University of
Michigan in 1867, and from 1870 to 1912 was pro-
fessor of Greek in that institution. Professor
d'Ooge took an active part in the work of the
American School of Classical Studies in Athens,
the American Philological Association, and the
American Archæological Institute. He is the
author of a volume on “ The Acropolis of Athens,"
and the editor of several standard classical texts.
His periodical contributions include a number of
reviews prepared for THE DIAL.
A translation, in seven volumes, of “L'Histoire
de France Racontée à Tous," of which M. Franz
Funck-Brentano is the general editor, is announced
by an English publisher, under the title of " The
National History of France." Its aim is to pre-
sent the history of each epoch, its men, its events,
the movement of ideas and social life, of art and
letters, in a volume of moderate compass and in
an easy style, with no parade of learning, but
solidly based on research. Up to the present, four
volumes have been published in the original
French—"The Renaissance," by M. Louis Batiffol,
“ The Great Century," by M. Jacques Boulenger,
“The Eighteenth Century," by M. Casimir Stryien-
ski, and “ The Revolution,” by M. Louis Madelin -
and of these, three have been “ crowned” by the
Academy. M. Batiffol's “ The Renaissance, the
first volume of the series which has been trans-
lated into English, will be published during the
present season.
African Mission, Letters from an -- 1. Jean K.
Mackenzie
Atlantic
American Country Life in Old French Memoirs. 'c. H.
Sherrill
Yale
American Goods, Selling. w. F. Wyman'. .' World's Work
Arbitration. Walter E. Weyl
Harper
Arctic, Adventures in the. D. B. Macmillan
Harper
Automobiles by the Million. J. G. Frederick Rev. of Reve.
Belgians, Last Stand of the Philip Gibbs
McBride
Bowles, Samuel. Gamaliel Bradford
Atlantic
British Admiralty, The. A. G. Gardiner
Atlantic
British Battle Line, The. E. A. Powell
Scribner
Business, American, and the War. C. F. Speare. Rev. of Revs.
Charleston. W. D. Howells
Harper
Chickadee, The Friendly. Walter P. Eaton
Harper
China's Fighting Blood. Willard Price
World's Work
Citizen, Mind of the. A. D. Weeks
Am. Jour. Soc.
College Life and Education. Henry S. Canby
Yale
Culture, Extirpation of. Katharine F. Gerould Atlantic
Defence, National, Our. J. B. Walker
Rev. of Revs.
Democracy and Literature. Charles H. Å. Wager Atlantic
Domestic Science, National School for. Stanley
Johnson
American
Economic Aftermath, the. a. D. Noyes ::
Yale
Education, Rural. H. G. Lull
Am. Jour. Soc.
Electrification of Everything. Frederick Todd . World's Work
Female Delicacy in the Sixties. Amy L. Reed
Century
Field, Eugene. Elsie F. Weil
McBride
Fiji, History of. Alfred G. Mayer
Scientific
French Character under Test. D. D. L. McGrew. Rev. of Revs.
Friendship, a Social Category. Elsie C. Parsons. Am. Jour. Soc.
Genius and the Average Man. Woods Hutchinson. Everybody's
German Women, Nobility of. Frieda B. Zeeb Am. Jour. Soc.
Germany, The True. Kuno Francke
Atlantic
Germany's Downfall as a Colonial Power. Charles
Johnston
Rev. of Rev8.
Germany's Exit from Africa. L. R. Freeman World's Work
“Hamlet" with Hamlet Left Out. Brander Matthews. Yale
Hatred and a Possible Sequel. L. P. Jacks
Yale
History, American, Myths of. Albert B. Hart
Harper
Industrial Research. W. A. Hamor
Scientific
Italy and the War. Henry D. Sedgwick
Yale
Italy and the War. T. Lothrop Stoddard
Century
Jenner and Vaccination. D. Fraser Harris
Scientific
Joffre: Victor of the Marne. “Captain X"
Scribner
Lacquer, Oriental. Henry Coleman May
Scribner
Lansing: Secretary of State. James B. Scott
Atlantic
London Life, Phases of. Princess Lazarovich
Century
Lorraine and the Vosges. Edith Wharton
Scribner
Mathematical Unknowns. G. A. Miller
Scientific
Medical Education, English. Abraham Flexner Atlantic
Mexico, Our Attitude towards. L. G. Valentine Century
Mexico, Who's Who in. French Strother World's World
Military Service, Compulsory. G. N. Tricoche.
Yale
Motion-Picture Land. William Allen Johnston Everybody's
New England Coast, Motoring along the. Louise
C. Hale
Century
Newfoundland's Recruits. P. T. McGrath
Rev. of Revs.
Nietzsche: A Modern Stoic. C. M. Bakewell
Yale
Novel-Reader, Reflections of a.
Atlantic
Novelists, American, Open Season for. Meredith
Nicholson
Atlantic
Osborne, Thomas Mott. Howard Florance Rev. of Revs.
Paris, My Début in Francis Grierson
Century
Peace, A League to Enforce. A. Lawrence
Lowell
World's Work
Peace, American, Menaces to. E. L. Fox
McBride
Peace, World, Leaders toward. William Hard Everybody's
Philosophy, Adventures in. Ellwood Hendrick Atlantic
Photography, Old Masters of. A. L. Coburn
Century
Physical Training as Mental Training. J. H.
McBride
Scientific
Picture Play, Making the First. Alexander Black McBride
Pont-Croix, An Afternoon in. H. A. Gibbons
Harper
Portugal's Battle Abbeys and Coimbra. Ernest
Peixotto
Scribner
Psychology and Sociology. R. H. Lowe Am. Jour. Soc.
Rock-Stencillings in Wales. C. B. Davenport Scientific
Roman Crowd, Faces in the. Anne C. E. Allinson Yale
Russia, Impressions in. Robert R. McCormick... World's Work
Sing Sing, New Methods at. T. M. Osborne Rev. of Revs.
Slavophilism, Interpretation of. A. D. Rees
Scientific
Socialism, International. Morris Hillquit
Yale
Stars, Evolution of the. W. W. Campbell
Scientific
Stevenson's Toy Theatre. Brander Matthews
Scribner
Voter, The Average. Walter Weyl
Century
War, Anti-Suffragists and. Elsie C. Parsons Scientific
War, Intellectual Stimulus of the. T. H. Price . World's World
War Selection. David Starr Jordan
Scientific
War Situations, Crucial. Frank H. Simonds Rev. of Revs.
War's Emotions, A Year of. Simeon Strunsky Atlantic
Wealth and Its Ways. L. M. Keasbey
Am. Jour. Soc.
Whitman in New Orleans. R. E. Holloway
Yale
a
.
.


284
(Sept. 30
THE DIAL
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS.
The length of THE DIAL's annual list of
books announced for autumn publication, con-
tained in our issue of September 16, made it
necessary as usual to carry over to the present
number the following entries, comprising the
full list of Text-Books and Juvenile publica-
tions of the season.
BOOKS FOR SCHOOL AND COLLEGE.
A Book of English Literature, selected and edited by
Franklyn Bliss Snyder, Ph.D., and Robert Grant
Martin, Ph.D.— The Family as a Social and Edu.
cational Institution, by Wellystine Goodsell, Ph.D.,
edited by Paul Monroe.- Modes of Research in
Genetics, by Raymond Pearl, Ph.D.- State and
County School Administration, Vol. II., Source
Book, by Ellwood P. Cubberley and Edward C.
Elliott.- Historical Introduction to Mathematical
Literature, by G. A. Miller.— Principles and Meth-
ods of Municipal Administration, by William Ben-
nett Munro.– Comparative Free Government, by
Jesse Macy and John W. Gannaway, edited by
Richard T. Ely.— A Syllabus of Roman History
by George Willis Botsford.— Questions on the Prin-
ciples of Economics, by Edmund E. Day, Ph.D.,
and Joseph S. Davis, Ph.D.— The Marketing of
Farm Products, by L. D. H. Weld.-A Manual on
Muscular Movement Writing, by C. C. Lister.-A
Manual to Accompany the New Sloan Readers, by
Katherine E. Sloan.- Elementary Lessons in Elec-
tricity and Magnetism, by Silvanus P. Thompson,
revised edition.- Lessons in Elementary Physi-
ology, by Thomas H. Huxley, revised by Joseph
Bancroft, illus.— The Rural Text-Book Series,
edited by L. H. Bailey, new vols.: Small Grains,
by M. A. Carleton; Soils, their properties and
management, revised and rewritten by Thomas
Lyttleton Lyon, Elmer 0. Fippin, and Harry Oliver
Buckman.- The Breeds of Live-Stock, by live-stock
breeders, revised and arranged by Carl W. Gay.-
Mediæval Civilization, by Roscoe Lewis Ashley.-
Outlines of Economic History, by Cheesman A.
Herrick.— The Principles of Agronomy, by Frank-
lin S. Harris and George W. Stewart.- Soils and
Plant Life, by J. C. Cunningham and W. H.
Lancelot.- Geometrical Notebook, by Earl Ray-
mond Hedrick.— Elementary French Reader, by
L. A. Roux.— Dairy Farming, by C. H. Eckles and
G. F. Warren.— Athletic Games for Players, by
Jessie H. Bancroft and William Dean Pulver-
macher.— The Plain Story of American History,
by John Spencer Bassett, Ph.D.- The Wheat In.
dustry, by N. A. Bengston, A.M., and Donee
Griffith, A.M. (Macmillan Co.)
History of Economic Doctrines, by Charles Gide and
R. A. Rist.— Principles of Health Control, by Fran-
cis M, Walters.- English Derivatives, by B. K.
Benson.— Essays for College English, selected and
edited by J. C. Bowman, L. I. Bredvold, L. B.
Greenfield, and Bruce Weirick.- The Belles Let-
tres Series, new vols.: Heywood's The Woman
Killed with Kindness and The Fair Maid of the
West, edited by Katherine Lee Bates; Wycherley's
The Plain Dealer and The Country Wife, edited
by George B. Churchill.— The Merchant of Venice,
edited by Morris W. Croll.- Selections from Car.
lyle's Sartor Resartus, French Revolution, and Past
and Present, edited by S. B. Hemingway and
Charles Seymour.-- Solid Geometry, by Webster
Wells and Walter W. Hart.-- Analytic Geometry,
by W. A. Wilson and J. I. Tracey.- Gerstacker's
Der Wilddieb, edited by W. R. Meyers.— Ernst's
Asmus Lempers Jugendland, edited by Carl Ostand.
Lectures Historiques, 1610 to 1813.- En France,
by C. Fontaine.- Merimées Columba, reëdited by
J. A. Fontaine.— Lotis Roman d'un Enfant, edited
by A. F. Whittem.- French Verb Forms, by
Enince M. Schenck.- French Plays for Children,
arranged by Josette E. Spink. (D. C. Heath & Co.)
American Literature through Illustrative Readings,
by Sarah E. Simons.- Short Stories for High
Schools, edited by Rosa M. R. Mikels.— Selections
from Sidney Lanier, edited by Henry W. Lanier.-
Stories of Later American History, by Wilbur F.
Gordy.- Ethical Readings from the Bible, by Har-
riet L. Keeler and Laura H. Wild.-A Dramatic
Reader, by Catherine T. Bryce.— First French
Reader, by Max Walter, Ph.D., and Anna Woods
Ballard, M.A., $1. net.- La Mare au Diable, by
George Sand, edited by Marie Karcher Brooks,
50 cts. net.- Practical Dressmaking, by Jane
Fales, illus.- Manual Training for Little People,
by F. H. Pierce, illus.- A Practical Algebra for
Beginners, by Thirmuthis Brookınan.-A Practical
Elementary Chemistry, by B. W. McFarland, Ph.D.
- Leberecht Hühnchen, by Heinrich Seidel, edited
by William F. Luebke, Ph.D.— The Natural Meth-
od Readers, by Hannah T. McManus, 3 titles.
(Charles Scribner's Sons.)
Leading English Poets from Chaucer to Browning,
edited by Lucius H. Holt.-- Civics for New Amer.
icans, by Mabel Hill and Philip Davis.— The Mak-
ing of Modern England, by Gilbert Slater, revised
edition, with introduction by J. T. Shotwell.
(Houghton Mifflin Co.)
Readings on the Relation of Government to Property
and Industry, edited by Samuel P. Orth.— Typical
Newspaper Stories, by H. F. Harrington.-A Liter-
ary Middle English Reader, edited by Albert S.
Cook. - Laboratory Manual of Horticulture, by
George W. Hood.— The Apple, by Albert E. Wil-
kinson. (Ginn & Co.)
High School Text-Book of Animal Husbandry, by
Carl W. Gay, $1.25 net.— Text-Book of Clothing
and Textiles for High Schools, by Laura I. Baldt,
$1.25 net.— Daily English Lessons for High
Schools, by Willis H. Wilcox, 80 cts. net.
(J. B.
Lippincott Co.)
Current Economic Problems, by Walter Hale Hamil-
ton, $2.75 net.- First-Year Mathematics for
Secondary Schools, by Ernst R. Breelich, $1. net.
(University of Chicago Press.)
Source Problems in English History, by Albert Beebe
White and Wallace Notestein, $1.20 net. (Harper
& Brothers.)
The Study of Plants, an introduction to botany and
plant ecology, by T. W. Woodhead. (Oxford Uni-
versity Press.)
The School Kitchen Textbook, by Mary J. Lincoln,
60 cts. net.-A Handbook of Elementary Sewing,
by Etta Proctor Flagg, illus., 50 cts. net. (Little,
Brown & Co.)
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
Water Babies, by Charles Kingsley, illus., in color,
etc., by W. Heath Robinson, $2. net.— The Jolly
Book for Boys and Girls, by Frances Jenkins Olcott
and Amena Pendleton, illus., $2. net.— The Chil-
dren's Book of Birds, by Olive Thorne Miller, illus.
in color, etc., $2. net. — Prisoners of War, by
Everett T. Tomlinson, illus., $1.35 net.- Kisington
Town, by Abbie Farwell Brown, illus., $1.25 net. -
Smuggler's Island, by Clarissa A. Kneeland, illus.,


1915]
285
THE DIAL
$1.25 net.— Lotta Embury's Career, by Elia W.
Peattie, illus., $1. net.— The Mexican Twins, by
Lucy Fitch Perkins, illus., $1. net.— Who's Who
in the Land of Nod, by Sarah Sanderson Vander-
bilt, illus., $1. net.— The Dot Circus, by Clifford L.
Sherman, illus., $1. net.— The Puppet Princess, by
Augusta Stevenson, illus.- Two American Boys in
the War Zone, by L. Worthington Green, illus.,
$1. net.— Nannette Goes to Visit Her Grand-
mother, by Josephine Scribner Gates, illus. in color,
50 cts. net.- The Bunnikins-Bunnies' Christmas
Tree, by Edith B. Davidson, illus., 50 cts. net.
(Houghton Mifflin Co.)
Deal Woods, by Latta Griswold, illus., $1.35 net.—A
Maid of '76, by Alden A. Knipe and Emilie B.
Knipe, illus.— The Kingdom of the Winding Road,
by Cornelia Meigs, illus. in color, etc., $1.25 net.
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288
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HISTORY.
History of Germany in the Nineteenth Century. By
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Dover History. Collected and edited by Charles D.
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The Two Virginias: Genesis of Old and New.
By
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compiled by Dorothy Donnell Calhoun, comprising:
Little Folks of the Bible, 4 titles; Little Folks
from Literature, 4 titles, Little Folks in Art, 4
titles; each 25 cts. net. (Abingdon Press.)
Shoe and Stocking Stories, by Elinor Mordaunt, illus.
in color, $1.50 net.-- The Little Boy Out of the
Wood, and other dream plays, by Kathleen Con-
yngham Greene, $1. net. (John Lane Co.)
The Forest Full of Friends, and The Hunt for the
Beautiful, each by Raymond MacDonald Alden,
gift editions, each illus., per vol., $1. net.
(Bobbs
Merrill Co.)
A Child's Guide to London, by A. A. Methley, F.R.G.S.,
illus., $1.25 net. (Brentano's.)
Little Miss Muffet Abroad, by Alice E. Ball, illus.,
$1. net. (Pilgrim Press.)
Under Fire, by H. Bedford Jones.Sweet Meats, by
William Donahey. (The Howell Co.)
The White Caravan, by W. E. Cule, illus. in color.
(E. P. Dutton & Co.)
Sunbeam and Zephyr, by J. Randolph Brown. (Four
Seas Co.)
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Maurice Maeterlinck: A Critical Study. By Una
Taylor. With photogravure portrait, large 8vo,
200 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $2. net.
Escape, and Other Essays. By Arthur Christopher
Benson. 12mo, 302 pages. Century Co. $1.50 net.
Tales from Old Japanese Dramas. By Asataro
Miyamori; revised by Stanley Hughes. Illus-
trated, Svo, 403 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$2. net.
Letters on Elk Hunt: By a Woman Home-
steader. By Elinore Pruitt Stewart. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 162 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$1. net.
The Sweet-Scented Name, and Oth Fairy Tales,
Fables, and Stories. By Fedor Sologub; edited
by Stephen Graham. 12mo, 240 pages. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.50 net.
Browning Studies.
By
Vernon C. Harrington.
12mo, 391 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1.50 net.
an
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
( The following list, containing 186 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.)
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
The Story of Yone Noguchi. Told by Himself; il-
lustrated by Yoshio Markino. 12mo, 255 pages.
George W. Jacobs & Co. $1.50 net.
The Story of a Pioneer. By Anna Howard Shaw,
M.D.; with the collaboration of Elizabeth Jor.
dan. With portraits, 8vo, 338 pages. Harper &
Brothers. $2. net.
A King's Favourite: Madame Du Barry and Her
Times. By Claud Saint-Andre; with introduc-
tion by Pierre De Nolhac. Illustrated, large 8vo,
338 pages. McBride, Nast & Co. $3.50 net.
The
Secret Memoirs of Count Tadasu Hayashi.
Edited by A. M. Pooley. Illustrated in photo-
gravure, etc., 8vo, 331 pages. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $2.50 net.
Marie Tarnowska. By A. Vivanti Chartres; with
introductory le er by L. M. Bossi.
With por-
traits, 12mo, 305 pages. Century Co. $1.50 net.
Isabel of Castille and the Making of the Spanish
Nation (1451-1504). By Ierne L. Plunket. Illus-
trated, large 8vo, 432 pages. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $2.50 net.
My Life. By Richard Wagner. New and cheaper
edition; in 2 volumes, with photogravure por-
traits, large 8vo. Dodd, Mead & Co. $3.50 net.
Major John F. Lacy: Memorial Volume. Illustrated,
large 8vo, 454 pages. Cedar Rapids, Iowa: The
Torch Press. $2.50 net.
DRAMA AND VERSE.
Vision of War. By Lincoln Colcord. 12mo, 149
pages. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
Red Wine of Rousillon: A Play in Four Acts. By
William Lindsey. 12mo, 174 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
The Laughing Muse. By Arthur Guiterman. With
frontispiece, 12mo, 246 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1. net.
The Treasure: A Drama in Four Acts. By David
Pinski; translated by Ludwig Lewisohn. 12mo,
194 pages.
B. W. Huebsch. $1. net.
Garside's Career: A Comedy in Four Acts.
By
Harold Brighouse. 12mo, 94 pages. A. C. Mc-
Clurg & Co. $1. net.
The Thief: A Play in Three Acts. By Henry Bern-
stein; translated by John Alan Haughton, with
introduction by Richard Burton. With portrait,
12mo, 149 pages. Doubleday, Page &
Co.
75 cts. net.
Puck in Petticoats, and Other Fairy Plays. By
Grace Richardson. 12mo, 127 pages. Saalfield
Publishing Co. $1. net.
By Yser Banks: An Elegy on a Young Officer. By
R. Fanshawe. 12mo, 15 pages. Oxford: B. H.
Blackwell. Paper.
A Handy Book of Plays for Girls. By Dorothy
Cleather. 22mo, 96 pages.
Saalfield Publishing
Co. 50 cts. net.
FICTION.
The Research Magnificent. By H. G. Wells. 12mo,
460 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
The Little Iliad. By Maurice Hewlett. 12mo, 327
pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.35 net.
Eltham House, By Mrs. Humphry Ward. With
frontispiece, 12mo, 372 pages. Hearst's Interna-
tional Library Co. $1.35 net.
The Golden Scarecrow. By Hugh Walpole. 12mo,
298 pages.
George H. Doran Co. $1.25 net.
Felix O'Day. By F. Hopkinso Smith. Illustrated,
12mo, 370
pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1.35 net.
The Money Master. By Gilbert Parker. Illustrated,
12mo, 360 pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.35 net.
Strnight down the Crooked Lane. By Bertha
Runkle. With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 440
pages. Century Co. $1.35 net.
Jerusalem. By Selma Lagerlöf; translated from
the Swedish by Velma Swanston Howard, with
introduction by Henry Goddard Leach. 12mo,
342 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.35 net.


1915)
289
THE DIAL
Little Miss Grouch. By Samuel Hopkins Adams.
Illustrated, 12mo, 207 pages. Houghton Miffin
Co. $1. net.
The Co-Citizens. By Corra Harris. Illustrated,
12mo, 220 pages. Doubleday, Page &
Co.
$1. net.
“ Somewhere in France." By Richard Harding
Davis. Illustrated, 12mo, 224 pages. Charles
Scribner's Sons. $1. net.
The Invisible Might. By Robert Bowman. 12mo,
291 pages. McBride, Nast & Co. $1.10 net.
Living Up to Billy. By Elizabeth Cooper. With
frontispiece in color, 12mo, 202 pages. F. A.
Stokes Co. $1. net.
Kitchener Chaps. By A. Neil Lyons. 12mo, 222
pages. John Lane Co. 50 cts. net.
Violette of Pere Lachaise. By_Anna Strunsky
Walling. 12mo, 198 pages. F. A. Stokes Co.
$1. net.
Ayesha of the Bosphorus: A Romance of Con-
stantinople. By Stanwood Cobb. With frontis-
piece, 12mo, 157 pages. Boston: Murray &
Emery Co. $1. net.
.
The Story of Julia Page. By Kathleen Norris.
With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 421 pages.
Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.35 net.
Making Money. By Owen Johnson. Illustrated,
12mo, 327 pages. F. A. Stokes Co. $1.35 net.
The Inner Law. By Will N. Harben. With frontis-
piece, 12mo, 399 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1.35 net.
Peter Paragon: A Tale of Youth. By John Palmer.
12mo, 341 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.35 net.
Breaking-Point. By Michael Artzibashef. 12mo,
416 pages.
B. W. Huebsch. $1.40 net.
When My Ship Comes In. By Gouverneur Morris.
Illustrated, 12mo, 316 pages. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.35 net.
Mr. Bingle. By George Barr McCutcheon. Illus.
trated, 12mo, 357 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co.
$1.35 net.
The Twisted Skein. By Ralph D. Paine. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 311 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1.35 net.
Why Not? By Margaret Widdemer. Illustrated in
color, etc., 12mo, 338 pages. Hearst's Interna-
tional Library Co. $1.25 net.
The Heart of Philura. By Florence Morse Kings-
ley. With frontispiece, 12mo, 362 pages. Dodd,
Mead & Co.
The Trail of the Hawk: A Comedy of the Serious-
ness of Life. By Sinclair Lewis. With frontis-
piece, 12mo, 409 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1.35 net.
Aunt Jane. By Jennette Lee. 12mo, 329 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net.
The Omelal Chaperon. By Natalie S. Lincoln. Illus-
trated in color, etc., 12mo, 331 pages. D. Appleton
& Co. $1.30 net.
Lawrence Clavering. By A. E. W. Mason. 12mo,
372 pages.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.35 net.
Hal o' the Ironsides: A Story of the Days of Crom-
well. By S. R. Crockett. Illustrated, 12mo, 330
pages. Fleming H. Revell Co. $1.25 net.
God's Man. By George Bronson-Howard. 12mo,
475 pages.
Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.40 net.
Harding of Allenwood. By Harold Bindloss. With
frontispiece in color. 12mo, 339 pages. F. A.
Stokes Co. $1.30 net.
Maria Again. By Mrs. John Lane. With frontis-
piece in color, 12mo, 237 pages. John Lane Co.
$1. net.
Peggy-Mary. By Kay Cleaver Strahan. With
frontispiece, 16mo, 153 pages. Duffield & Co.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Old Calabria. By Norman Douglas. Illustrated,
large 8vo, 352 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$4. net.
An Englishman's Recollections of Egypt, 1863 to
1887. By Baron de Kusel (Bey). Illustrated,
large 8vo, 352 pages. John Lane Co. $3. net.
The Real Argentine. By J. A. Hammerton. Illus-
trated, 8vo, 453 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co.
$2.50 net.
Alaska Days with John Muir. By S. Hall Young.
Illustrated, 12mo, 226 pages. Fleming H. Revell
Co. $1. net.
The Lure of San Francisco: A Romance amid old
Landmarks. By Elizabeth Gray Potter and
Mabel Thayer Gray. Illustrated, 12mo, 97 pages.
Paul Elder & Co. $1.25 net.
First through the Grand Canyon. By John Wesley
Powell; edited by Horace Kephart. 12mo, 320
pages. Outing Adventure Library." Outing
Publishing Co. $1. net.
Mediterranean Winter Resorts. By Eustace Rey-
nolds-Ball, F.R.G.S. Seventh edition; with
maps, 16mo, 635 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$1.75 net.
P.
PUBLIC AFFAIRS. POLITICS, SOCIOLOGY, AND
ECONOMICS.
Socialized Germany. By Frederic C. Howe. 8vo,
342 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50 net.
The Canadian Iron and Steel Industry. By W. J. A.
Donald, Ph.D. 8vo, 376 pages. Houghton Mifflin
Co.
$2. net.
Politics and Crowd-morality. By Arthur Christen-
sen. 8vo, 270
E. Dutton & Co.
$2.50 net.
The People's Government. By David Jayne Hill,
$1.25 net.
The Single-code Girl. By Bell Elliott Palmer.
With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 382 pages.
Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1.25 net.
A Baby of the Frontier. By Cyrus Townsend
Brady. Illustrated, 12mo, 286 pages. Fleming
H. Revell Co. $1.25 net.
Pegeen. By Eleanor Hoyt Brainerd. With frontis-
piece, 12mo, 295 pages. Century Co. $1.25 net.
In Mr. Knox's Country. By E. E. Somerville and
Martin Ross. Illustrated, 12mo, 312 pages.
Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.35 net.
The Testing of Janice Day. By Helen Beecher
Long. illustrated, 12mo, 310 pages. Sully &
Kleinteich. $1.25 net.
Something New. By Pelham Grenville Wodehouse.
Illustrated, 12mo, 345 pages. D. Appleton & Co.
$1.35 net.
Alloy of Gold. By Francis William Sullivan, 12mo,
336 pages.
Robert M. McBride & Co. $1.35 net.
Some Women and Timothy. By H. B. Somerville.
12mo, 364 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.35 net.
A Maid of old Virginia: A Romance of Bacon's
Rebellion. By William Sage. Illustrated, 12mo,
361 pages. Fleming H. Revell Co. $1.25 net.
or Sandy Hook, and Other Stories. By
“ Richard
Dehan." 12mo, 327
pages.
F. A. Stokes Co.
$1.25 net.
Minnie's Bishop, and Other Stories. By G. A. Bir-
mingham. 12mo, 344 pages. George H. Doran
Co. $1.20 net.
Happy Days. By A. A. Milne. 12mo, 427 pages.
George H. Doran Co. $1.25 net.
What a Man Wills. By Mrs. George de Horne
Vaizey. With frontispiece in color, 12mo, 346
pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.35 net.
The House of Gladness. By Emma S. Allen. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 334 pages. Griffith & Rowland
Press. $1.25 net.
The German Lieutenant, and Other Stories. By
August Strindberg. 12mo, 295 pages. A. C. Mc-
Clurg & Co. $1.25 net.
The Man-Trail. By Henry Oyen. 12mo, 289 pages.
George H. Doran Co. $1.25 net.
Emma McChesney & Co. By Edna Ferber. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 231 pages.
F. A. Stokes Co.
$1. net.
pages.
LLD. 12mo, 287 pages. D. Appleton & Co.
$1.25 net.
The Tin-Plate Industry: A Comparative Study of
Its Growth in the United States and in Wales.
By D. E. Dunbar. 12mo, 133 pages. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $1. net.
The Prevention and Control of Monopolies. By W.
Jethro Brown, Litt.D. 8vo, 198 pages. E. P.
Dutton & Co. $2.25 net.
Marriage and Divorce. By Felix Adler. 12mo, 91
pages. D. Appleton & Co. 75 cts. net.
Socialism, Feminism, and Suffragism: The Terrible
Triplets. By B. V. Hubbard. 12mo, 301 pages.
Chicago: American Publishing Co. $1.25 net.
The Western Hemisphere in the World of To-
morrow. By Franklin Henry Giddings, LL.D.
12mo, 48
pages. Fleming H. Revell Co.
35 cts. net.
The Industrial Development and Commercial Poll-
cles of the Three Scandinavian Countries. By
Povl Drachmann; edited by Harald Wester-
gaard, LL.D. Large 8vo, 124 pages. Oxford
University Press.
BOOKS ABOUT THE GREAT WAR.
With the Russian Army: Being the Experiences of
a National Guardsman. By Robert R. McCor-
mick. Illustrated, 12mo, 306 pages. Macmillan
Co. $2. net.
Belgium's Agony. By Emile Verhaeren. 12mo, 131
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
A Journal of Impressions in Belgium. By May Sin-
clair. 12mo, 294 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
The Maze of the Nations and the Way Out. By
Gaius Glenn Atkins. 12mo, 128 pages. Fleming
H. Revell Co. 75 cts. net.


290
(Sept. 30
THE DIAL
War and Christianity: From the Russian Point of
View. By Vladimir Solovyof; with introduction
by Stephen Graham, 12mo, 188 pages. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.50 net.
Economic Aspects of the War: Neutral Rights,
Belligerent Claims, and American Commerce in
the Years 1914-15. By Edwin J. Clapp. 8vo, 340
pages. Yale University Press. $1.50 net.
The World Crisis and Its Meaning. By Felix Adler.
12mo, 233 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50 net.
War and the Bread: The Relation of War to the
Downfall of Nations. By David Starr Jordan.
12mo, 265 pages. Boston: The Beacon Press.
$1.35 net.
The Belgians to the Front. By James Fiske. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 233 pages. Saalfield Publishing
Co. 50 cts. net.
Oxford University Roll of Service, 1914-15. Edited
by E. S. Craig, M.A. 8vo, 255 pages. Oxford
University Press. Paper, 70 cts. net.
La Guerre, 1914-115. By Francis Charmes. Third
edition; 12mo, 399 pages. Paris: Perrin et Cie.
Paper.
War, Science, and Civilization. By William E. Rit-
ter. 12mo, 125 pages. Sherman, French & Co.
$1. net.
Speech of His Excellency Signor Antonio Salan-
dra in the Capitol of Rome, June 2, 1915. Trans-
lated, with introductory note, by Thomas Okey.
12mo. 32 pages. London: T. Fisher Unwin, Ltd.
Paper.
La Doctrine Pangermaniste. Par Georges Blondel.
Third edition; 12mo, 134 pages. Paris: Librairie
Chapelot. Paper.
Reports on the Violation of the Rights of Nations
and of the Laws and Customs of War in Bel-
gium. 8vo, 113
pages. London: T. Fisher
Unwin. Paper.
Russia's Hour of Destiny. By Theodor Schiemann;
translated by Kuno Meyer. 12mo, 31 pages.
Chicago: Carlyle Publishing Co. Paper,
15 cts. net.
Christmas in Legend and Story: A Book for Boys
and Girls. Compiled by Elva S. Smith and Alice
I. Hazeltine. Illustrated, 12mo, 283 pages. LO-
throp, Lee & Shepard Co. $1.50 net.
The Amateur Carpenter. By A. Hyatt Verrill. Il-
lustrated, 12mo, 254 pages. Dodd, Mead & Co.
$1.25 net.
Peg o' the Ring: A Maid of Denewood. By Emilie
Benson Knipe and Alden Arthur Knipe. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 375 pages. Century Co. $1.25 net.
The Toy Shop Book. By Ada Van Stone Harris and
Lillian McLean Waldo. Illustrated in color, 8vo,
158 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net.
The Boarded-Up House. By Augusta Huiell Sea-
man. Illustrated, 12mo, 217 pages. Century Co.
$1.25 net.
An Army Boy in Alaska. By C. E. Kilbourne,
U. S.A. Illustrated, 12mo, 346 pages. Penn
Publishing Co. $1.25 net.
Saalfield's Annual. Illustrated in color, etc., large
8vo. Saalfeld Publishing Co. $1.25 net.
The Fun of Cooking: A Story for Boys and Girls.
By Caroline French Benton. Illustrated, 12mo,
254 pages. Century Co. $1.20 net.
The Dot Circus. By Clifford L. Sherman. Illus-
trated, 4to. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1. net.
Dave Porter at Bear Camp; or, The Wild Man of
Mirror Lake. By Edward Stratemeyer. Illus-
trated, 12mo, 308 pages. Lothrop, Lee & Shep-
ard Co. $1.25 net.
Home-made Toys for Girls and Boys. By A. Neely
Hall. Illustrated, 12mo, 217 pages. Lothrop,
Lee & Shepard Co. $1.25 net.
The Child's Book of American Biography. By Mary
Stoyell Stimpson. Illustrated, 12mo, 251 pages.
Little, Brown & Co. $1. net.
Polly Comes to Woodbine. By George Ethelbert
Walsh. Illustrated, 12mo, 256 pages. Lothrop,
Lee & Shepard Co. $1. net.
Mother West Wind“ Why" Stories. By Thornton
W. Burgess. Illustrated in color, 16mo, 230
pages. Little, Brown & Co. $1. net.
The Strange Story of Mr. Dog and Mr. Bear. By
Mabel Fuller Blodgett. Illustrated, 12mo, 178
pages. Century Co. $1. net.
Mark Tidd in Business. By Clarence B. Kelland.
Illustrated, 12mo, 272 pages. Harper & Brothers.
$1. net.
Nannette Goes to Visit Her Grandmother. By
Josephine Scribner Gates. Illustrated, 18mo, 53
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1. net.
Tommy and the Wishing Stone. By Thornton W.
Burgess. Illustrated, 12mo, 290 pages. Century
Co. $1. net.
Heroic Deeds of American Sailors. By Albert F.
Blaisdell and Francis K. Ball. Illustrated, 12mo,
182 pages. Little, Brown & Co. 70 cts. net.
Jean Cabot at the House with the Blue Shutters.
By Gertrude Fisher Scott. Illustrated, 12mo, 333
pages. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1. net.
A Real Cinderella. By Nina Rhoades. Illustrated,
12mo, 276 pages. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co.
$1. net.
Dorothy Dainty at Crestville. By Amy Brooks.
Illustrated, 12mo, 231 pages. Lothrop, Lee &
Shepard Co. $1. net.
Little Folks' Christmas Stories and Plays. By Ada
M. Skinner. With frontispiece in color, 12mo,
276 pages. Rand, McNally & Co. 75 cts. net.
The Adventures of Mollie, Waddy, and Tony. By
Paul Wiatt. Illustrated in color, 16mo, 111 pages.
Little, Brown & Co. 50 cts. net.
Sure Pop and the Safety Scouts. By Roy Ruther-
ford Bailey. Illustrated, 12mo, 129 pages. World
Book Co.
Loraine and the Little People. By Elizabeth Gor-
don; illustrated in color, etc., by "Penny" Ross.
12mo, 73 pages. Rand, McNally & Co. 50 cts. net.
The Bedtime Story-books. New volumes: The Ad-
ventures of Sammy Jay; The Adventures of
Chatterer, the Red Squirrel; each by Thornton
W. Burgess, illustrated, 16mo. Little, Brown &
Co. Per volume, 50 cts. net.
RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.
The Man Jesus: Being a Brief Account of the Life
and Teaching of the Prophet of Nazareth. By
Mary Austin. 12mo, 216 pages. Harper &
Brothers. $1.20 net.
What I Believe and Why. By William Hayes Ward.
12mo, 333 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1.50 net.
The Mighty and the Lowly. By Katrina Trask.
12mo, 155 pages. Macmillan Co. $1. net.
The Universal Order. By Friederika Quitman
Ogden. 16mo, 120 pages. Paul Elder & Co.
$1. net.
A King among Men: Christ's Summons to the Spirit
of Youth to Found His Kingdom. By Mary
Stewart. 12mo, 128 pages. Fleming H. Revell
Co. 50 cts. net.
The Truth about the Bible. By Sidney C. Tapp,
Ph. B. With portrait, 12mo, 417 pages. Kansas
City, Mo.: Published by the author.
ETHICS AND PHILOSOPHY.
Morals in Evolution: A Study in Comparative
Ethics. By L. T. Hobhouse, D.Litt. Revised edi-
tion, 8vo, 648 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $3.25 net.
The Stoic Philosophy. By Gilbert Murray, LL.D.
12mo, 74 pages G. P. Putnam's Sons. 75 cts. net.
Baron D’Holbach: A Study of Eighteenth Century
Radicalism in France. By Max Pearson Cush-
ing. 8vo, 108 pages. Columbia University Press.
Paper.
Mithraism. By W. J. Phythian-Adams, M.A. Illus-
trated, 16mo, 95 pages. Open Court Publishing
Co. 40 cts. net.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
Little Women; or, Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy. By
Louisa M. Alcott; illustrated in color by Jessie
Willcox Smith. Svo, 617 pages. Little, Brown
& Co. $2.50 net.
Grimm's Fairy Tales. Translated by Ernest Bee-
son; with illustrations in color, etc., 8vo, 278
pages. Thomas Y. Crowell Co. $1.50 net.
The Boy with the U. S. Life-savers. By Francis
Rolt-Wheeler. Illustrated, 12mo, 346 pages.
Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1.50 net.
In Camp on Bass Island. By Paul G. Tomlinson.
Illustrated, 12mo, 293 pages. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.25 net.
The Little Folks of Animal Land. By Harry Whit-
tier Frees. Illustrated, 12mo, 252 pages. Lothrop,
Lee & Shepard Co. $1.50 net.
In Victorian Times. By Edith L. Elias.
With por-
traits, 12mo, 240 pages. Little, Brown & Co.
$1.25 net.
EDUCATION.
A Student's History of Education. By Frank Pierre-
pont Graves. 12mo, 453 pages.
Macmillan Co.
$1.25 net.
The Principles of Floriculture. By Edward A.
White. Illustrated, 12mo, 467 pages. Macmil-
lan Co. $1.75 net.
The Aims and Defects of College Education. By
Foster Partridge Boswell, Ph.D.; with introduc-
tion by George Eastman. 12mo, 78 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. 80 cts. net.
A Short History of England and the British Empire.
By Laurence M. Larson. Illustrated, 12mo, 661
pages. Henry Holt & Co.


1915)
291
THE DIAL
The Elements of Physical Chemistry. By Harry C.
Jones. Fourth edition, revised and enlarged;
illustrated, large 8vo, 672 pages. Macmillan Co.
$4. net.
Les Miserables. By Victor Hugo; abridged and
edited by Douglas Gordon Crawford, M.A. With
portrait, 18mo, 377 pages. Macmillan Co.
25 cts. net.
Familiar Letters: English and American. Chosen
and edited by Edwin Greenlaw. 16mo, 309 pages.
Scott, Foresman & Co. 40 cts. net.
School_Algebra: Second Course. By H. L. Rietz,
Ph.D., A. R. Crathorne, Ph.D., and E. H. Taylor,
Ph.D. 12mo, 235 pages. Henry Holt & Co.
Wilhelm Tell. Von Friedrich Schiller; edited by
Arthur H. Palmer. Revised edition; illustrated,
16mo, 393 pages. Henry Holt & Co.
National Education Association and International
Congress of Education, 1915. Illustrated, 8vo,
180 pages.
Oakland: Arthur Henry Chamber-
lain. Pa
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Holy Earth. By L. H. Bailey. 12mo, 171 pages.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1. net.
The Winning Shot. By Jerome D. Travers and
Grantland Rice. Illustrated, 12mo, 258 pages.
Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.25 net.
Proceedings of the Aristotellan Society. New
Series, Volume XV. 8vo, 441 pages. London:
Williams and Norgate.
Buck Parvin and the Movies. By Charles E. Van
Loan. Illustrated, 12mo, 366 pages. George H.
Doran Co. $1.25 net.
Short Talks with Young Mothers on the Manage-
ment of Infants
and Young Children. By
Charles Gilmore Kerley, M.D. Third edition,
revised
and enlarged; illustrated, 12mo, 326
pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1. net.
The Scout Law in Practice. By Arthur E. Carey.
12mo, 171 pages. Little, Brown & Co. 60 cts. net.
Canning, Preserving, and Jelly Making. By Janet
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This authoritative account of
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Mr. Grinnell's “The Fight-
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By H. G. DWIGHT
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This book-the work of almost a life-work on the part
known, of the character and life
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most casual reader in the hands
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what all the states of the world mentary, of those French men
Russia and the Great War
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By GREGOR ALEXINSKY
the great problem defined in his country between 1775 and 1800, Author of ''Modern Russia,
title and to present concisely
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8vo. $3.00 net
the stage in that solution at lively, and instructive presen- The History of Twelve Days
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July 24 to August 4, 1914
moment the book is a document period of our history.
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(Oct. 14
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WHICH IS NOT THE NEARLY OBSOLETE DESPOTISM OF
ONE MAN OVER THE PEOPLE BUT THE NEWER DESPOTISM
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Specialized Legislation
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By CHARLES W. ELIOT
The Duty of the State
From Freedom to Bondage
By WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT
By AUGUSTUS P. GARDNER
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The Postscript
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By DAVID JAYNE HILL
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300
(Oct. 14
THE DIAL
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I volume, sheep, $10 net; half morocco,
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The Factories and Other Lyrics
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302
(Oct. 14, 1915
THE DIAL
“A WONDERFUL BOOK”
Mr. H. G. Wells' New Novel
THE RESEARCH MAGNIFICENT
.)
By H. G. WELLS
Author of "Marriage," "The Wife of Sir Isaac Harman,"
"Bealby," etc.
“An extraordinary ... a wonderful Book. It has
T
M
maturity, gravity, ardor. It has diversity of action and
H
R.
dazzling variety of scene. It has richness and sustain-
E
ment of intention. ... Bestrides the movement and
imagery of the world.”—The New Republic.
H.
R
E
“Displays the best in Wells as a thinker, as a critic G.
S of man, as a student of social and political crises, and
E -most of all —as a novelist."--Boston Transcript. W
А
E
“A notable novel, perhaps its author's greatest. ..
R
L
Might almost be called an epitome of human exis-
C
H
tence, it is so full, so varied, so depictive.
L
- Chicago Herald.
S'
M “A novel of distinct interest with a powerful appeal
А to the intellect."-N. Y. Herald.
N
G
E
N “Challenges discussion at a hundred points. It
W
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F
-N. Y. Times.
N
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“A noble, even a consecrated work. ...The crown
с of his career. Should make a deep impression on all
E who read it."-N. Y. Globe.
N
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L
has chosen a magnificent theme.”—Phila. Ledger.
2nd Edition Now Ready
THE RESEARCH MAGNIFICENT
By H. G. WELLS
“The crown of his career."-N. Y. Globe.
Price $1.50
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, Publishers, New York
ZO>


THE DIAL
A Fortnightly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
Vol. LIX.
OCTOBER 14, 1915
No. 708
CONTENTS.
PAGE
.
.
A WORD ON “THE GENTEEL CRITIC."
If of late years the critic has ever been weak
enough to fancy that his homely slighted trade
might be looking up a bit, that its processes
might be a little less an object of suspicion
and its product a little less an object of con-
tempt, he has always been brought to his
senses quickly enough. The ancient assump-
tion that all critics are knaves or fools or
both is, to be sure, no longer universally held.
Some readers, some writers even, are now pre-
pared to admit that Aristotle, however mis-
taken, had his excuse for being; that Matthew
Arnold occasionally talked a kind of fussy
sense; that Sainte-Beuve and Jules Lemaître
(ah, let us never forget that tag about souls
and masterpieces!) were probably honest and
possibly useful men. So, among persons of
liberal mind, a place in the sun is granted to
the plumber, the dentist, the undertaker. The
critic is a rarer bird: and, for one thing, more
easily dispensed with. One or two in a gen-
eration quite satisfy the public demand. As
for the rank and file, the Toms, Dicks, and
Harrys of criticism,- to name them in the
same breath with the Toms, Dicks, and Harrys
of authorship is merely absurd! On the con.
trary (says tradition), these fellows are in the
very act of criticism, self-confessed failures
and parasites, doing their paltry lines for
their miserable pennies, shooting their idle
squibs, stuffing their men of straw, wielding
their ugly and thugly bludgeons for gross (if
minute) rewards — and to no other purpose.
Reviewers! Bless us! There is no such thing
as criticism of the contemporary, anyhow.
A fellow just talks !
These painful considerations have been
brought home to me afresh by certain lively
utterances of that genuine story-teller and
honest hater of shams, Mr. Owen Wister. In his
recent "Atlantic Monthly" paper on “Quack
Novels and Democracy,” he hangs, draws, and
quarters the fiction of the populace, of our
American hordes, who have learned to read
without profit to themselves but with such
huge profit to quack-novelists and publishers."
You observe he assumes a firmly critical stance
at the outset. A plain blunt man with no
-
A WORD ON “ THE GENTEEL CRITIC.”
H. W. Boynton
303
THE LITERARY STAGNATION IN EN-
GLAND. (Special London Correspon-
dence.) J. C. Squire .
306
CASUAL COMMENT .
308
Reading by the clock. The author's thirst for
applause. -A notable chapter in American
library history.—The unwritten American
novel.-A windmill converted into a library.
-Abortive educational efforts.-A Hamlet-
less “Hamlet."- Book-borrowers' responsi-
bilities.- Not the least of Lincoln's many
biographers.- Embroidered history.- Poetic
vision and grim reality.--A curious specimen
of learned humor.
COMMUNICATIONS
312
The Coming World-Language, and Some
Other Matters. Frank H. Vizetelly.
"Bryant and the New Poetry.” Harriet
Monroe.
“ The Freelands” and “Uncle Tom's Cabin."
Allen McSimpson.
Indians in the Civil War. John C. Wright.
THE ROMANTICISM OF FLAUBERT. Lewis
Piaget Shanks
316
ELBA, WATERLOO, ST. HELENA. Henry E.
Bourne.
318
FRAGMENTA SHAKESPEAREANA.
A. Tannenbaum .
320
BUDDHIST PSYCHOLOGY. L. W. Cole . 322
A DIVINE VISIONARY. Arthur Davison Ficke 323
RECENT PLAYS OF WAR AND LOVE.
Homer E. Woodbridge
325
Barrie's “ Der Tag.”— Noyes's A Belgian
Christmas Eve.—Andreyev's The Sorrows of
Belgium.- Sardou's Patrie!— Miss Cowan's
The State Forbids.-Miss Crothers's A Man's
World.—Gorki's Submerged.-Donnay's Lov-
ers; The Free Woman;
They.- Mrs.
Ellis's Love in Danger.— Zangwill's Plaster
Saints.- Galsworthy's A Bit o' Love.-
France's The Man Who Married a Dumb
Wife.
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne 328
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
329
Peaceful musings in time of war.-A mine
of entomological wonder-lore.— Piquant pas-
sages from the life of a Japanese poet. -
Germany's economic development.— Recent
progress in the study of heredity.—The ardu-
ous life of a reformer.-A Scandinavian his.
torical drama.— Bodies politic and their
government.-A scientist in British East
Africa.
BRIEFER MENTION
334
NOTES.
334
LIST OF NEW BOOKS .
336
INA. Samuel
.
.
>
.


304
(Oct. 14
THE DIAL
æsthetic theory might perhaps maintain that readers of his prefaces may recall, he has a
the profit our American hordes derive from chronic scunner against reviewers; put one in
their quack novels, and plays, and “movies,” his way, and he drops everything for the fun
and boluses, and religions, is certainly exis- of having a crack at the rascal. What he
tent, though not the kind of profit scored up honestly intends to be interested in here is
by “highbrows." But of course no responsible the Wright-reading public. “It is the read-
critic could listen to him: he would be mak- ers, not the novels, I am looking at," he
ing nothing, or next to nothing, of the differ- declares. "My quotations are purely to help
ence between true art and sham art; and this us get at the readers; and I leave criticism to
is exactly the point about which critics, Mr. our native critics who find Mr. Wright like
Wister among them, have to be touchy. What Dickens and Shakespeare." So far this is
Mr. Wister deplores is a muddled popular comfortable enough reading for critics who
taste for which pretty much everybody but are incapable of "finding” anything of the
the populace itself is responsible. There is sort. Alas, they are the last persons whose
democracy, to begin with, which forces a little comfort Mr. Wister has in mind; he is almost
learning upon its hordes, and turns them loose laughably in a hurry to make that clear.
with that dangerous instrument in their “Lest certain genteel critics who think they
hands. And there are the novelists and pub- practice more discrimination than this, feel
lishers who deliberately play upon the weak- slighted, it may be well to explain here why
ness of these hordes.
they have so little influence. • They do,
Mr. Wister's awful example of quack fiction tepidly, discriminate; they do, after the fact,
is the work of Mr. Harold Bell Wright. Not perceive and praise merit. They all — the
being among the five million readers of that New York Times, the New York Sun, the
author, I cannot judge the fairness of Mr. Boston Evening Transcript, the New York
Wister's strictures, but am perfectly willing Evening Post (very typical, this last one),
to take his word for it. I have read a dozen with others of less note, stand ready ever to
well-selling novels within a year as bad as, on
be the first to hail a perfectly well established
the basis of Mr. Wister's amusing exhibits, artist."
Mr. Wright's appear to be. What particularly Now this is specific; this puts us where we
interests me is Mr. Wister's resentment of Mr. belong, and pins us quivering there. The
Wright, and the odd turn that resentment italics are Mr. Wister's; and here is, as it
takes. It is a critical, an æsthetic resentment were, the lethal shaft: “Until the subsidized
-- turned, boomerang-fashion, against those press is broken to pieces, and the genteel critic
who profess criticism. What he cannot bear is gathers heart, not only to brand the bad but
that so great a number of his fellow-citizens to report and celebrate the good, I doubt if
should be permitted to read the works of nov- there will exist any word too contemptuous
elists like Mr. Harold Bell Wright as litera- for American criticism."
ture. The plain blunt man “knows what he As for Mr. Wister's first clause, there is no
likes.” That is all very well; but he ought room for disagreement: down with the venal
not to be encouraged to think that what he puffery of a subsidized press! And down
likes is really, on that account, worth liking. with the American publishers who strive to
Mr. Wister's complaint is that somebody is stultify the public taste by manipulation of
responsible for Mr. Wright and his millions "reading notices” and the like, as well as
and their muddled condition of mind and (this is the red rag to me personally) by their
taste. There is Mr. Wright himself to begin working assumption that one critic is as good
with: he probably knows the commodity as another — or rather that the best critic is
a
the one who shuts his eyes and slavers the
certainly knows it, but means to have the pub- proffered bone. Whatever the publisher may
lic think quite otherwise; there are the news- think of genteel critics, one cannot doubt his
papers which act as his tools; finally, there is private opinion of the press driveller. Yet it
the “genteel critic."
is the publisher who, poring over his press
It is upon this last-named culprit that Mr. notices with jealous eye, chooses for adver-
Wister unexpectedly and, as it were, inad- tising purposes the lurid and fulsome phrase
vertently centres his fire. The truth is, as - the comparison of Messrs. Wright and
offered is a sham; there is the publisher, who the


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Shakespeare, for example, - without a mo- reviewers are content to lie down in the shade
ment's consideration of its source. Here, gen- of known merit. I find them often, in default
teel critics must admit, is evidence that their of other opportunity, taking up the work of
influence upon the general public may be "perfectly established artists," not to the end
sadly small. Mr. Wister at least takes them of solemnly ratifying a popular verdict, but
seriously enough to demand that they shall to the end of verifying it if possible and, if
mean something or other. He plainly sug- not, of showing why it is false; or of tracing
gests that the bathos of our criticism is largely the development or decadence of such an
responsible for the bathos of our popular lit- artist's work and registering its condition
erature; and that if the critics were really "to date"; or, it may be, of suggesting a
worth their salt, they might be able to do right direction for future effort. The last-
something for our American hordes. Alas, named possibility is, some one murmurs,
the publishers are too clearly in the right of fantastic, - rather like teaching one's grand-
it: Mr. Wright's public has never heard of mother to suck eggs. But there have been
Mr. Howells, though it has heard of Mr. instances, even in America. Only the other
Hearst. Moreover, it thinks one fellow's opin- day it happened that the fiction-critic of one
ion as good as another's: hence the efficacy of the publications on Mr. Wister's black-list
for quotation of the soft-soapy lather stirred of gentility was writing a little appreciation
by some care-free underling on “ The Spoon of a very popular story-teller, who happens
River Phenix." For the audience Mr. Wister to be on Mr. Wister's brief honor-roll of living
is conning through his little window, the gen- American novelists who may be thought of
teel critic does not exist.
without shame. The critic meant to make it
He
for that as Mr. Wister can be, and yet may had a fairly clear impression of the kind of
not quite see that he ought on that ground to thing the novelist did and was capable of
be counted out as a hypocrite or a poltroon. doing, and had read perhaps half his novels;
He may well wonder where Mr. Wister gets but he wanted to confirm that impression, and
the impression that the best of our criticism therefore, as part of the day's work, read or
of new fiction
the best of our newspaper reread a dozen volumes and found himself, in
reviewing, let us say — is either cowardly or the process, surprisingly and enthrallingly
backward in praise. I should think the best converted to an altogether different view. It
of our reviewers almost painfully ready to appeared, on the evidence of his work as a
welcome signs of promise in a new writer-whole, that the novelist had all along been of
to take chances, if need be, on the side of two minds. His taste admired and pursued,
optimism. Not that it is part of the critic's let us say, realism, but his genius could not
business to "encourage” authors; nothing is be diverted from romance: it was clear that he
more irritating to an honest reviewer than to was in danger of choosing the wrong road in
be thanked for praise. But it is certainly the the end. Well, the critic had that little jump
highest and pleasantest part of his business of pleasure which comes even to the galled
to find good work and to advertise its good- jade when he finds a bit of succulence by
ness. Why should he be timid or reluctant the wayside. He put down his conclusions
about it? As for the condition of things at about the famous novelist without misgiving,
present, it is hard to make out what Mr. being tolerably sure of his grounds. “It was
Wister asks of us. He himself sadly pro- his duty, and he did," but with the expecta-
nounces that there are no new writers of high tion, if he thought of it, that his office would
merit: “When an English novelist, who was be taken as an ungracious if not impertinentenitic
lately in this country, asked four of us sitting one. Fancy a mere critic telling a successful illiance
at lunch, 'Who were the young ones ? ' we had Artist that he is wasting his time -- squinting Aurii
to be silent." Doesn't the honest critic also the wrong way! Yet this artist promptly
have to be silent on that question? Or is he wrote a long letter thanking his critic, not for
expected to produce writers of genius, as part having been agreeable, but for having hit
of his job, like rabbits out of a hat?
upon the truth. “As to your conclusions,” he
Hardly less just, surely, is the obverse of said, "I believe you are just; and your arti-
this complaint; namely, that the best of our cle reached me at an important moment."
-


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Sweet and consoling hour for the homely sheer joy of escape. The tedium of the
slighted one! — hour in which he once more
trenches has been recorded in the Marseillaise
assures himself, greatly daring (as the lady de nos jours:
novelists say) that he may be not that figure
“Nobody knows how bored we are,
Bored we are, bored we are,
of fun, the "genteel critic," but a man doing
Nobody knows how bored we are,
a man's work,- not altogether in vain.
And nobody seems to care."
As for the state of American fiction, of
But the tedium at home still awaits its song-
American art as a whole, does n't it need to ster. In a physical way, of course, England
be looked upon with faith and with cheerful- is active enough. She is pouring out men and
ness? Must we (as Mr. Wister really appears munitions; she means to win the war. But in
to do) encourage ourselves to share that the intellectual way she is completely stag-
“ certain condescension " with which the Mr. nant. It is impossible to think consecutively
Edward Garnetts excusably (in view of about Life, Art, Beauty, Truth, or any other
their insularity) view us? Few questions
such capital-lettered affair, with this vast pall
have ever been determined by a monocular hanging over one. Even when the war is not
stare, or a contemptuous wave of the hand. actually in one's mind, it is in the background.
And if, with an effort, an artist throws off
We have our limitations, Heaven knows;
his torpor and tries to write about the war
but we are not altogether a peculiar paille itself, he finds that he has nothing to say.
in that respect. Certainly we shall not If — I speak, for the moment, purely from a
escape them by flying into a rage, or even literary point of view — we could believe
by nagging each other. In the current England's war to be an unjust one, things
number of the "Atlantic," another novelist- would be more cheerful! The satirical genius
critic goes, smilingly, far deeper into the mat- at least would be busy: some of our writers
ter than Mr. Wister (to whose outburst Mr. during the South African War had the time
Nicholson alludes with good-humored depre- of their lives. But fouling one's own nest -
the normal occupation of the satirist-can-
cation) has done. For the weaknesses of our
not be thought of when we are all agreed
fiction he blames not the public or publisher about presenting a “united front ” to the foe.
or reviewer, or outsider of any sort, but the
The “romance of war” is badly błown upon,
novelists themselves. “ When
our writers
and there is nothing more dull than abusing
cease their futile experimenting," he says, distant foreigners. About a just war there
"and wake up to the possibilities of Amer- is — in an age which has outgrown war al-
ican material, we shall have fewer complaints though it has not discovered a substitute for
of the impotence of the American novel." it - nothing to be said at all that cannot be
Mr. Nicholson does not feel that we are alto- said perfectly in a leading article.
gether contemptible, in the meantime, and is From the artistically creative point of
sure that we are not to be helped by ill-humor view, therefore, the first twelve months of the
or contempt. “The bright angels of letters,"
war have been almost completely barren. All
he concludes,
the better kind of writers who were in a posi-
never appear in answer to
tion to join the forces have done so. Of the
prayer; they come out of nowhere and knock
others, some have lapsed into complete silence;
at unwatched gates. But the wailing of
some have attempted to write fine literature
jeremiads before the high altar is not calcu- about the war and failed abysmally; and
lated to soften the hearts of the gods who others have, so to speak, gone into political
hand down genius from the skies."
journalism. Of these last, Mr. Arnold Ben-
It is said.
H. W. BOYNTON.
nett and Mr. Hilaire Belloc have made the
greatest successes. Mr. Bennett has been
writing articles weekly in the London “Daily
News" on all sorts of topical subjects, from
THE LITERARY STAGNATION IN
Conscription to the Position of Trade Unions
ENGLAND.
and from War Pensions to the Selection of
(Special Correspondence of THE DIAL.)
Staff Officers; and he has been doing it with
If there be any truth - and, personally, I invariable and characteristic efficiency. As
doubt it in the theory that great wars pro- for Mr. Belloc, he had the good fortune to be
duce great literature, I incline to think that about the only intelligent man in England
the explanation must be that wars are so who had taken an interest in warfare during
supremely boring that the spirit of man, times of peace. The result was that the war
emerging from them, leaps and dances in the found him ready equipped with the tactical,
ور
on


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66
mechanical, and geographical jargon which over my head -- not immediately over it, I
his colleagues had to acquire in feverish haste am happy to say was what the newspapers,
after hostilities had begun. His pen was with perfect accuracy but rather tiresome
engaged early by an ancient but, at that iteration, describe as a cigar-shaped object.
time, not very flourishing weekly, “Land and Faintly luminous, and with a row of small
Water”; he contributes an enormous bale of lights underneath it, the Zeppelin moved
comment, freely sprinkled with engaging dia- slowly across the moonless sky. Guns were
grams, to every issue; and his success has roaring; the little white stars of shell-bursts
been such that wherever one goes one finds the sprinkled the air; and from time to time
name“ Bellow” or “Beeloc on the lips of fat there was the crash of a bomb which meant
old gentlemen who, a year ago, had never so the end of somebody's home. It was not a
much as heard of the author of “Emmanuel very terrible or exciting spectacle. The curios-
Burden,” “The Path to Rome,” and “ Cau- ity of the population was a little heightened
tionary Tales.” Mr. Shaw, besides his “Com- | by the slight nip of danger, and it flocked to
mon Sense,” has written a certain number of its doors in nightdresses and pyjamas, staring
war articles: but no new play from him up quietly and, in the en