STIN HUNTLY MCCARTHY, author of "If I Were King," "Fool of April," etc. $1.35 net A new "If I Were King" romance-a story of Francois Villon's golden youth. THE ROSE OF YOUTH By ELINOR MORDAUNT, author of "Bellamy," "Simp- son, $1.35 net The spirit of young Romance-a vision of adventurous joy. THE PEARL FISHERS By H. DE VERE STACPOOLE, author of “The Blue Lagoon," "The Presentation," etc. $1.30 net An engaging adventure novel of strategy, conspiracy and romance, laid in the tropical South Seas. HIS HARVEST By PEARL DOLES BELL, author of "Gloria Gray; Love Pirate." $1.30 net The soul struggle of a girl-singer between her desire to marry the man she loves or to pay a debt of honor. 1 etc. JOHN LANE COMPANY Publishers NEW YORK 1915 ] 527 THE DIAL Date el University of Chicago Press Books Suitable for Gifts The Modern Study of Literature. By Richard Green Moulton, Head of the Depart- ment of General Literature in the University of Chicago. An introduction to literary theory and interpretation by the Head of the Department of General Literature in the University of Chicago. The purpose of this work is to discuss the Study of Literature: what it must become if it is to maintain its place in the foremost ranks of modern studies. The author's previous well-known books on literary criticism and his long and successful experience in the public presentation lit ature have especially fitted him for the authoritative discussion of this great problem of modern education. The Nation. Professor Richard Green Moulton's "The Modern Study of Literature" is the culmination of over forty years wholly occupied in the teaching of literature and in preparing various books which the author now regards as preliminary studies-discussions of particular principles in application to special literary fields. ...His enthusiasm for literature, his intimate acquaintance with it in classical, Hebraic, and modern English forms, ....the mingled precision and fluency of his style—these characteristics are familiar to readers of even one or two of his preceding books. vi+542 pages, 12mo, cloth; $2.50, postage extra (weight 1 lb. 13 oz.). London in English Literature. By Percy Holmes Boynton, Associate Professor of English Literature in the University of Chicago. This volume differs from all other volumes on London in that it gives a consecutive illustrated account of London, not from the point of view of the antiquarian, but from that of the inquiring student of English literary history. It deals with ten consecutive periods, characterized in turn by the work and spirit of Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton, Dryden, Addison, Johnson, Lamb, Dickens, and by the qualities of Victorian and contemporary London. The temper of each epoch is discussed, and then in particular those literary works which are intimately related to certain localities in London. The work contains four maps and forty-three other illustrations, selected from the best of a great fund of material. Harvard Graduates' Magazine. Whoever looks into “ London in English Literature" by Percy H. Boynton, will be likely not to dismiss it until he has read it through...... The numerous illustrations, reproduced from old prints, deserve especial notice. Persons going to London will do well to take this volume with them. xii+346 pages, 8vo, cloth; $2.00, postage extra (weight 2 lbs. 2 oz.). A Short History of Japan. By Ernest Wilson Clement. Because of the intense interest in the present political situation in the Far East this short history of Japan will make a strong appeal to readers and travelers who are asking for a better knowledge of the background of the struggle for supremacy in the Orient. The author, Ernest Wilson Clement, whose long residence in Japan as a teacher, interpreter for the United States legation, correspondent, and editor has given him a wide familiarity with the country, has written a brief but discriminating account of both Old and New Japan; and for the many readers who do not care to go into the details of Japanese history the book will be found a highly interesting epitome of what has happened during the long course of Japanese development. As frequent references are made to fuller accounts, the book may well serve as an introduction to further study of the country and its institutions. The Japan Gazette. 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The first chapter deals with the interesting question What Is a Ghost? and at- tempts to answer this question in the light of the latest scientific theories which have been advanced to explain these supernatural happenings and visitants. Other chapters are: Phantasms of the Dead; More Phantasms; Haunted Houses; Ghost Stories of a More Dramatic Order; Historical hosts; The Phantom Armies Seen in France; Bibliography. 250 pages, bound in cloth, with illustrated jacket in colors. Retail price, 75 cents. Price to the trade, 37 cents. OGILVIE'S ASTROLOGICAL BIRTHDAY BOOK contains a character reading for every day in the year based on observations of the aspects of the heavenly bodies on the day of birth. GIRTHDAY BOOK It is useful as a guide to the course in life which you should pursue to achieve the greatest degree of success by the use of your known talents, and by the develop- ment of your latent or potential abilities in the field of endeavor to which you are naturally adapted. 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Sappho in Levkas and Other Poems The Middle Miles and Other Poems The Life and Times of Tennyson from 1809 to 1850 By WILLIAM ALEXANDER PERCY. Mr. Percy is a poet of promise. He writes with unusual purity and re- straint, showing at once a mature in- sight into the psychology and ethics of passion and the high purpose of a young poet. By LEE WILSON DODD. Couched in musical language, with a depth of earnestness, a keen but kindly observation of life and at times a delicate humor, these poems possess a charm and inherent worth which reward the reader in a degree not equalled by much of our contemporary poetry. I 2 mo. 105 pages. Paper binding. 50 cents net; board binding, 75 cents nel, postpaid. By the late THOMAS R. LOUNSBURY, LL.D., L.H.D. This new biographical material con- cerning Tennyson is drawn from the memoirs, correspondence and critical literature of the period, of which nothing seems to have escaped Pro- fessor Lounsbury. 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Handsomely bound in purple cloth, with white foil and gold stamping, it will have a personal appeal to each of the forty million people who participated in the undertaking. Illustrated with half - tones of the author. Cloth, 8vo, illustrated .. net, $1.50 HIS new work by one of the leading authorities on physical culture treats of the cultivation of beauty, complection, the hair, eyes, teeth, hands, feet, and should have a personal appeal to the women of America. There will be a national publicity cam- paign in the leading magazines which will create a demand for this book and it should prove a ready seller. Printed from large, clear type, on fine paper, handsomely bound and stamped in gold, makes an ideal book for miladi's boudoir. Illustrated with photographs and line drawings. Cloth, 8vo ... net, $2.00 RAND MCNALLY & COMPANY PUBLISHERS CHICAGO N.GOOR LATEST BOOKS FROM THE ABINGDON PRESS THE FOUR IN CRETE TOURBILLON, or the King of the OLD TESTAMENT By GERTRUDE H. 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STRICKLAND Price, net, 25 cents Boxed. Per set, price, net, $10.00 Price, net, $1.50 CABINGDON PRES BIRSDORES THE ABINGDON PRESS CINCINNATI CHICAGO BOSTON DETROIT KANSAS CITY SAN FRANCISCO NEW YORK PITTSBURGH 1915] 533 THE DIAL = New Longmans Books = A NEW SERIES OF BOOKS ON POPULAR PHILOSOPHY By GEORGE TRUMBULL LADD, LL.D., Emeritus Professor of Moral Philosophy and Metaphysics, Yale University. Each Volume, Crown 8vo. $1.50 net. WHAT CAN I KNOW? An Inquiry into Truth, its Nature, the Means of Its Attainment, and its Rela- tions to the Practical Life. WHAT OUGHT I TO DO? An Inquiry into the Nature and Kinds of Virtue and into the Sanctions, Aims and Values of the Moral Life. WHAT SHOULD I BELIEVE? An Inquiry into the Nature, Grounds and Value of the Faiths of Sci- ence, Society, Morals and Religion. WHAT MAY I HOPE? An Inquiry into the Sources and Reasonableness of the Hopes of Humanity, Especially the Social and Religious. “The Yale professor's series of books on knowledge, ethics and belief is a work of which Americans may be justly proud. Nothing could be more blessedly remote from the dry and unprofitable profundity of modern Teuton philosophy than these common sense formulations of the questions that occur and recur to every man's mind, these travelling directions for the pilgrim between two darknesses. Prof. Ladd handles sensible questions in a sensible way, and sensible people will thank him for giving them a loaf when they ask for bread, instead of the Belgian block with which so many philoso- phers fool themselves and try to fool plain John Smith. "-New York Sun. CONDUCT AND THE SUPERNATURAL IN MR. KNOX'S COUNTRY By LIONEL SPENCER THORNTON, M.A., of the Com- By E. E. SOMERVILLE and MARTIN ROSS, Authors of munity of the Resurrection, Mirfield. 8vo. $2.25 net. "Some Experiences of an Irish R.M." With 8 Illustra- The writer has had a double purpose before him through- tions. Crown 8vo. $1.35 nel. out: first, to examine and criticize certain ethical systems Mr. Knox's Country is that district of South-Western which illustrate the modern reaction against Christian ideals, Ireland which was hunted by the hounds of which Flurry and, secondly, to offer in apologetic form an argument for the Knox was the M.F.H. Some new friends will be met with in supremacy of the Christian ethic. that cheerful country, and many old ones, amongst them the PRINCIPLES OF GENERAL PHYSI. Narrator, Major Sinclair Yeates, R.M., and Mr. and Mrs. Flurry Knox. OLOGY "If Lever's pen lives at all to-day it does so in the hands of By WILLIAM MADDOCK BAYLISS, M.A., D.Sc., Somerville and Ross."- London Daily Chronice. F.R.S., etc. Professor of General Physiology in Uni- “They are capital and enjoyable tales. Miss Somerville versity College, London. With 259 Illustrations, Royal provides the illustrations, which are very good."-N. Y. 8vo. $6.00 net. Sun. The book treats of the fundamental properties of animal and vegetable cells and organisms, somewhat on the lines of HUMAN IMMORTALITY AND PRE. the “Phénomènes de la Vie," of Ci. Bernard. Special atten- EXISTENCE tion is given to phenomena whose laws are not usually to be By Dr. J. ELLIS M'TAGGART, Fellow of Trinity College, found in similar books, such as those of reactions in colloidal Cambridge. Crown 8vo. $0.00 net. systems, oxidation, action on surfaces, as well as to secretion, excitation, inhibition, nutrition and other more strictly At the request of many friends, Dr. M'Taggart has re- vital" A book of wide interest. printed the interesting chapters on Human Immortality and processes. Pre-Existence from his well-known work “Some Dogmas of CUBA, OLD AND NEW Religion," in order to bring them within the reach of those readers who found the expense of the larger book a bar to its By A. G. ROBINSON, Author of Cuba and the Interven- purchase. The author is recognized as one of the most dis- tion, etc. With numerous Illustrations from Original Photographs. Small 8vo. Cloth, ornamental. $1.75 net. tinguished exponents of Philosophy in the present day, and the subject of this little volume is of such vital importance The author's chief purpose in the preparation of this vol- that his carefully thought-out propositions can not fail to ume was a presentation of the main points in Cuba's history, be of great interest. a fair knowledge of which is absolutely necessary in any proper understanding of the relations of the United States to A SURGEON IN KHAKI the Island of Cuba and of the conditions existing to-day. He writes from nearly twenty years of special study of, and con- By ARTHUR ANDERSON MARTIN, M.D., etc. With tact with, the affairs of the island; from many visits to it; 25 Illustrations. 8vo. Pp. x+ 279. $3.00 net. and from personal acquaintance with many of those who have Dr. Martin was attached to one of the Field Ambulances, been prominent in Cuba's experiences since the American and did his share of its work at the battles on the Marne and occupation in January, 1899. the Aisne, and afterwards in Flanders. THE LIGHT WITHIN. A Study of the Although is written by a surgeon, and contains one or two chapters on the professional side of the campaign, this Holy Spirit. book is essentially for the general reader. It is written in a By CHARLES LEWIS SLATTERY, D.D., Rector of Grace fresh, free style, and as the author does not scorn to give the Church in New York. $2.00 net. small details of how he fared from day to day, the reader gets In this book Dr. Slattery describes the growth of the human a more vivid idea of the events as they struck the individual understanding of the Holy Spirit, first through Old Testament on the spot than has hitherto been given. times, then through the first century, with special emphasis upon Christ's teachings, the Day of Pentecost, St. Paul's BLACK AND WHITE IN THE SOUTHERN Epistles and the point of view of the Fourth Gospel. Inci- dentally this study bears traces of the great European War, STATES. A Study of the Race Problem in the which had begun before the book was published and which United States from a South African Point of View. demanded of the writer a searching justification of his faith By MAURICE S. EVANS, C.M.G., Author of "Black in an immanent and unfaltering Divine Leadership. and White in South-East Africa." With Map and Index. THE CROWD IN PEACE AND WAR 8vo. Pp. xii + 299. $2.25 net. “The keen intellect and tender conscience of the Twentieth By SIR MARTIN CONWAY, late Roscoe Professor of Art, Century both imperatively demand that the illogical and Liverpool; Slade Professor of Art, Cambridge: President unethical attitude in which the races face each other in the of the Alpine Club. Crown 8vo. Pp. 340. $1.75 net. Southern States and in South Africa shall be changed for This is an attempt to deal in popular language with the one that we can justify, and with which the black man shall relations of the individual to the crowd, and of crowds to be satisfied. Our question is one phase of the greater prob. one another. The writer discusses the broad questions of lem of race and color which touches all the European nations, morality, religion, government, socialism, war, education, and nearly every backward race and tribe throughout the etc., from a novel point of view, and illustrates his remarks wide world. The problem of the Twentieth Century is the by numerous tales and citations from authors ancient and problem of the color line." — From the Author's Introduc- modern. tion. ? LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO., 443-9 Fourth Avenue, New York 534 [Dec. 9 THE DIAL THE BOYS' BOOKSHELF Should Include These Helpful, Interesting Volumes f AROUND THE FIRE Illus., Cloth, .75 H. M. BURR “My children read 'Around the Fire' often and eagerly. Last night I picked it up at random, and did not quit till I had finished the book. It is real story-telling."—WALTER RAUSCHENBUSCH. POEMS OF ACTION Cloth, .75 DAVID R. PORTER, Ed. This poetry has been carefully selected for its power to quicken the imagination, and make the beautiful and noble attractive to young people. It throbs with life and stirs the heart. TOLD BY THE CAMP FIRE Illus., Cloth, .75 F. H. CHELEY A fine boys' book, good for the camp, the hike, or for home reading. Stories of unusual adventure, told with a refreshing humor, and with a fascinating and helpful appreciation of manly qualities. CAMP AND OUTING ACTIVITIES Illus., Buckram, $ 1.50 CHELEY-BAKER A thoroughly described and illustrated collection of the very best games, stunts, aquatics, songs, plays, and nature study subjects for boys' camps and hikes, or for home use. INDOOR GAMES AND SOCIALS FOR BOYS Illus., Cloth, .75 G. C. BAKER Live boys have tested the material in this book, and found it just what they wanted for their indoor affairs. The photos and diagrams show how everything is done. Send for New Descriptive Catalog ASSOCIATION PRESS NEW YORK, 124 East 28th Street LONDON, 47 Paternoster Row, E.C. for Appropriate Books Christmas Gifts THE “AT MCCLURG’S” It is of interest and importance to Librarians to know that the books reviewed and advertised in this magazine can be pur- chased from us at advantageous prices by Public Libraries, Schools, Colleges and Universities In addition to these books we have an exceptionally large stock of the books of all pub- lishers - a more complete as- sortment than can be found on the shelves of any other book- store in the entire country. We solicit correspondence from librarians unacquainted with our facilities. LIBRARY DEPARTMENT A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago "HE following books are recom- mended as being especially acceptable as Christmas Gifts. India Paper Books The Standard Operas, by Upton. Special India paper edition, full limp Morocco, gilt edges. . . $5.00 Golden Poems. Special India paper edition. Limp Persian Morocco. . . $4.00 The Humbler Poets. Special India paper edition. Limp Persian Morocco. $4.00 A.C.MCCLURG & CO. Publishers CHICAGO 1915) 535 THE DIAL For the Holidays POR TRAIL ADVENTURERS The Green al moun CORNE The Corner Stone By Margaret Hill McCarter There is no gift so much appreciated as a book, and here is the best gift book of the season. Its beautiful appearance will delight the eye, and the mind will be charmed with the touching little story so human and so noble. Price, 50 cents TO TING Beyond the Frontier By Randall Parrish ***** Suzana Sting the line In this fine story Randall Parrish will take you back to the early days in the then savage West. You will meet a fair maid of old France and a brave cavalier, and journey with them, meeting many strange adventures on the way, to an outpost of civiliza- tion. Price, $1.35 The Fur Trail Adventurers By Dillon Wallace There are no better books for boys than those written by Dillon Wallace. They gratify a boy's natural taste for adventure, while unconsciously teaching him self-reliance, unself- ishness and personal honor. Price, $1.25 Our American Wonderlands By George Wharton James More marvellous than anything in the Old World are some of America's wonderplaces. In the form of little journeys, the Yellowstone, the Grand Canyon, Niagara, Lake Tahoe, and many other lesser known places are described by Mr. James with all that enthusiasm for nature's mighty works for which he is famous. Price, $2.00 Suzanna Stirs the Fire By Emily Calvin Blake Suzanna, the little sunshine girl, will steal her way into your affections and open your eyes to the wonder side of commonplace things. She is a little sister to “Pollyanna" and "Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm." Price, $1.25 Horse Sense By Walt Mason Written in the quaint, humorous style peculiarly his own, which prompted George Ade to characterize the author as “The High Priest of Horse Sense. Price, $1.25 The Green Half Moon By James Francis Dwyer This mysterious emblem gave its possessor the power to involve the Moslem nations of the world in the European war. How? Why? Read “The Green Half Moon" and find out. It's one of the finest adventure stories published in years. Price, $1.25 A. C. McCLURG & CO., Publishers, Chicago 530 (Dec. 9 THE DIAL Books for Christmas THE STORY OF A PIONEER. By DR. ANNA HOWARD SHAW.. With the Collaboration of Elizabeth Jordan. "One of the most charming and fascinating auto- biographies ever published."— St. Louis Post-Dispalch. Illustrated. $2.00 net. ACRES OF DIAMONDS By Dr. RUSSELL H. CONWELL. A remarkable book. It tells the strange story of a lecture (delivered more than 5,000 times) and of a fortune of $4,000,000 made from this talk. It tells moreover of the amazing man who did all this. Illustrated. $1.00 nel. SAFETY FIRST A Book-Disinfecting Machine Something New for Libraries, Schools, etc. Wm. H. Rademaekers, the well-known Library Binder of Newark, N. J., has for many years noted that libraries and schools need to safe. guard employees, pupils and borrowers of books. He has invented and patented a book-disin- fecting machine, which enables him to disinfect without the slightest injury every page of a book after it is rebound. BOOKS CARRY DISEASE GERMS Libraries and schools can now have their books rebound, and at the same time disinfected, without extra cost. Thirty years of experience in all branches of bookbinding have taught me what binding is most suitable for hard use in libraries and schools. I supervise all my work. My bindery is always open for visitors. Send me two works of fiction prepaid and I will rebind same, one in Lib. Buckram and one in Half Leather, and send them to you that you may see samples of our work. I return all work four weeks after receiving it. Ask for price list. Give us a trial. WM. H. RADEMAEKERS Improved Library Binder Binder for the Newark, N. J., Free Public Library Corner Chester Ave, and Oraton St. NEWARK, N. J. THE MAN JESUS By MARY AUSTIN. "A book of the most advanced thought, yet written tenderly, in no disregard of those with whose cherished convictions and faith it is not in accord."-N. Y. World. $1.20 nel. COLLEGE SONS AND COLLEGE FATHERS By HENRY S. CANBY, Yale University. "A book like 'College Sons and College Fathers' needs good readers, lots of them, and our advice to good readers, to college sons and fathers----past, current and possible is to buy and read that book."-F. P. A., N. Y. Tribune. $1.20 net. AUSTRALIAN BYWAYS By NORMAN DUNCAN. “The 'outskirts' of Australian civilization are de- scribed in a graphic way. A big picture of a little-under- stood country."-Philadelphia Record. Illustrated. $1.75 net. IN VACATION AMERICA By HARRISON RHODES. If you are wondering where to go this winter or looking ahead for next summer you will find suggestions of practical value here. Illustrated. $1.50 net. THE MONEY MASTER By SIR GILBERT PARKER. "Perhaps the best and surely the most pleasing of all my novels," says Gilbert Parker about this splendid new romance of modern Canada. “The Money Master' is a novel which is not only worth reading but worth keeping." --N. Y. Times. Cloth, $1.35 net; Leather $1.50 nel. "It has a place in every collection of books worthy to be called a library" Luther's Correspondence and Other Contemporary Letters 7 AROUND OLD CHESTER By MARGARET DELAND. "There cannot be too many tales of Old Chester and Dr. Lavendar's people. They are refreshing, quietly humorous, among the best of American stories."--The Outlook. Illustrated. $1.35 nel, PLASHERS MEAD By COMPTON MACKENZIE. He has come to the front as Bennett did a few years ago, and Weils before him, and he has convinced both English and American critics that he can write something that may be classed as literature. “Plashers Mead" is a poignantly passionate romance. Frontispiece. $1.35 net, HARPER & BROTHERS Write for our Holiday Catalogue - sent free. Translated and Edited by PRESERVED SMITH, Ph. D. These personal letters of the Great Reformer and active men of the Reformation period are glimpses into their very innermost lives — their secret feelings, loves, hates, hopes, suspicions, and confidences. Private correspondence of great thinkers, artists, authors, statesmen, and churchmen is always interesting, inspirational and elevating. When the contents have a direct bearing upon the greatest religious movement of the world's history, the value of such a work as this is significant. Volume I 1507-1521, now ready. Two more volumes in preparation. Price, $3.50 net. The Lutheran Publication Society 150 Nassau St. 1422-24 Arch St. 159 N. State St. New York Philadelphia Chicago First National Bank Building Pittsburgh 1915) 537 THE DIAL LIPPINCOTT'S Important New Publications and Books Suitable for the Holidays Illustrated Holiday Catalogue on request Arthur Rackham's New Illustrated Gift Book A Christmas Carol By CHARLES DICKENS 12 full page illustralions in color and many in black and white by Arthur Rackham. Decorated cloth, $1.50 net. The wide circle of admirers of the distinguished illustrator have long been hoping to see his conception of the interesting charac- ters and scenes of Dickens's masterpiece. No one can be dis- appointed: the human touches and fantastic mysteries are in the artist's best style. The Magic of Jewels and Charms By GEORGE FREDERICK KUNZ, A.M., Ph.D., D.Sc. 90 illustrations in color, doubletone and line. Net, $5.00. Uniform in style and sise with "The Curious Lore of Precious Stones. The result of a quarter of a century of active experience as a mineralogist and gem expert, in visiting localities, collections, and museums on both continents, and in careful research of the litera. ture of all periods and countries. It is an interesting galaxy of anecdote, research, and information upon a fascinating subject, full of humor and romantic interest. Historic Virginia Homes and Churches By ROBERT A. LANCASTER, JR. 316 illustrations and a photogravure frontispiece. Nel, $7.50. A Limited Edition Printed from Type. The most important work on any State yet published in this country. It describes practically all the houses of historic interest in Virginia, gives illustrations of most of them, as well as the churches most likely to engage attention. Quaint and Historic Forts of North America By JOHN MARTIN HAMMOND. With photogravure frontis- piece and 71 illustrations. Ornamental cloth, gilt top, in a box. Net, $5.00. Timely and interesting to the last degree in these days of war, is this volume, not on fortifications" as such, but on the old and existing forts, with their great romantic and historical interest. English Ancestral Homes of Noted Americans By ANNE HOLLINGSWORTH WHARTON. 29 illus, trations. Ornamental cloth, gilt top. Net, $2.00. Half mor., nel, $4.50. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, the Pilgrim Fathers, William Penn, Virginia Cavaliers, and other noted Americans are traced to their English ancestral homes, with much entertaining and interesting information gathered on the way. The Civilization of Babylonia and Assyria By MORRIS JASTROW, JR., Professor of Semitic Languages, University of Pennsylvania. 164 illus- trations. $6.00 net. The only book on the subject treating of the entire civilization of these ancient nations — languages, laws, religions, customs, buildings, etc. other books have treated only partial phases. A NewArtWork by the Master Draughtsman of the Age Joseph Pennell's Pictures In the Land of Temples Containing 40 plates in photogravure of Mr. Pennell's wonderful drawings with notes by the artist. Octavo, lithograph on cover. $1.25 nel. Happiness Follows in the Wake of Heart's Content By RALPH HENRY BARBOUR Romance and plenty of it; fun and plenty of it; a happy man who "starts things" and who at the end makes a woman happy, too. The beautiful illustrations in color by H. Weston Taylor, the page decorations, hand- some binding and the tasteful sealed package are exquisite. $1.50 net, Good Fiction for Christmas Giving The Little Iliad By MAURICE HEWLETT “Irresistibly appealing."--Boston Tam- script. “Bound to be a success."-Phila. Public Ledger. “A distinctly original plot. - Chicago Herald. "An unexpected gaily ironic ending."—N. Y. Times. "A sheer delight from the first page to the last. Phila. Press. $1.35 net. A Man's Hearth By ELEANOR M. INGRAM An appealing story of a young man's struggle to manhood. There is also a heroine who plays her beautiful part in this inspiring and very human tale. Illustrated in color. $1.25 net. The Man from the Bitter Roots By CAROLINE LOCKHART It is better than Me-Smith." You'll enjoy the funny wise sayings of Uncle Billy, and a tense eagerness will hold you through- out every scene in this story of the powerful, quiet, competent Bruce Burt. Illustrated in color. $1.25 net. The Obsession of Victoria Gracen By GRACE L. H. LUTZ The author of "Marcia Schuyler," "Mi- randa," "Lo Michael," etc., has here written a story for the serious minded reader. It is the altogether entertaining account of what one fine woman did for her home town and its inhabitants. Illustrated in color. $1.25 net. Make the Boys and Girls Happy with These American Boys' Book of Bugs, Butter- flies and Beetles By DAN BEARD 280 illustrations, some in color. A practical book about bugs, butterflies, and beetles, by the Founder of the first Boy Scouts. Dan Beard knows what boys enjoy. In his hands the subject becomes of live interest to wide- awake boys, and he tells them just what they want to know. $2.00 net. Gold Seekers of'49 By EDWIN L. SABIN Trail Blazers' story of California and Panama. Illustrated. $1.25 net. The Boy Scouts of Snow Shoe Lodge By RUPERT SARGENT HOLLAND Boy Scouts' winter sports and experiences in the Adirondacks. Illustrated. $1.25 net. Winona of the Camp Fire “Wohelo!" By MARGARET WIDDEMER Author of “The Rose Garden Husband." Camp Fire Girls' fun and adventure. Illus- trated. $1.25 nel. Heidi By JOHANNA SPYRI Translated by Elizabeth P. Stork. Stories All Children Love Series — the best illus- trated, best printed, best translated edition of this famous story. With Maria L. Kirk's colored illustrations. Cloth. $1.25 net. Publishers J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY Philadelphia 538 (Dec. 9 THE DIAL Books Suitable for Christmas Gifts Dante and Other Waning Classics By ALBERT MORDELL Bound in cloth Price $1.00 net The author shows that the literary value of the masterpieces of six authors, Dante, Milton, Bunyan, a Kempis, St. Augus- tine and Pascal, has waned in proportion to the extent and falsity of the theology pervading them. Boston Transcript:. “One cannot help agreeing with the author in most of his contentions.' Philadelphia Press: “A remarkable book, the product of a mind that has learned much and thought much and will yet be heard from in American literature. a For the General Reader Chaucer and His Poetry. G. L. Kittredge. $1.25. The Georgics and Eclogues of Virgil. Translated by Theodore Chickering Williams. $1.00. Two Commencement Addresses. H. C. Lodge. 35c. Three Philosophical Poets. By George Santayana. Essays on Lucretius, Dante, Goethe. $2.25. Chivalry in English Literature. By William Henry Schofield. $2.25. Comedies of Holberg. By O. J. Campbell, Jr. $2.50. Mediaeval Spanish Allegory By C. R. Post. $2.50. For the Student of Public Affairs Essays in Social Justice. By T. N. Carver. $2.00. The Governments of France, Italy, and Germany. By A. Lawrence Lowell. $1.25. The Second Partition of Poland. By R. H. Lord. $2.25. Bibliography of Municipal Government. By W. B. Munro. $2.50. Guide to Reading in Social Ethics. $1.25. For the Business Man Some Aspects of the Tariff Question. By F. W. Taussig. $2.00. Some Problems in Market Distribution. By A. W. Shaw. $1.00. Scientific Management. By C. B. Thompson. $4.00. The Trust Problem. By E. D. Durand. $1.00. For Parents and Housekeepers The Care of Children. By Dr. J. L. Morse. 50c. Preservatives in Foods. By Dr. O. Folin. 50c. The Care of the skin. By Dr. C. J. White. 50c. Care of the Sick Room. By Dr. E. G. Cutler. 50c. The Care of the Teeth. By Dr. C. A. Brackett. 50c. The Shifting of Literary Values By ALBERT MORDELL Paper bound Price 50 ets. net George Brandes : “You have treated the subject with a cer: tain superiority. I think that you are very well gifted." Sir Arthur W. Pinero: “An exhaustive and thoughtfu work." Archibald Henderson in the Sewance Review: “No other writer, so far as I can recall, has outlined the ideas in so concrete and explicit a form, and in a single work, as has Mr. Mordell." HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS 23 University Hall, Cambridge, Mass. ACROPOLIS PUBLISHING CO. 4169 Leidy Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. The Yale Review The New American Quarterly is not a Yale University review. It is an Ameri- can review. More even than an American review, it is a cosmopolitan review, and that of the high- est order. Its articles on foreign afairs and American politics, the literary essays, the brilliant discussions of the theatre, peace and war, feminism and the press, have already won attention both in this country and abroad. "Here is a variety of good, sound stuff for studious reading, a little library in itself . nothing better of its kind and class, that we know of, in the land."-Hartford Courant. • There is A reduced illustration from the December issue of The Print-Collector's Quarterly THE YALE PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION NEW HAVEN, CONN. ( CLIP AND MAIL THIS COUPON) THE YALE REVIEW, NEW HAVEN, CONN. You may enter my subscription for 1916, at $2.50, and send me, free, a copy of the October number. Name........ Address. which contains Mr. A. E. Gallatin's article, Some Rare Portraits of Whistler Annual Subscription, Two Dollars. HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY 4 Park St., Boston, Mass. City... 1915) 539 THE DIAL BOOKS FOR CHRISTMAS One of the Most Imporant Gift Books of the Year ON THE TRAIL OF TRAIL OF STEVENSON By CLAYTON HAMILTON With 25 drawings by Walter Hale Mr. Hamilton knows Stevenson better than any other man of the new literary generation. In this book he follows the trail of the master through childhood and youth in Edinburgh, and through his vagabond journeys in the rest of Scotland and on the Continent. The latter portion of the book deals with R. L. S. in America, with special reference to Saranac Lake and Dr. Trudeau. This will be of particular interest, for it is the first adequate treatment of this period of Stevenson's life. Walter Hale is another lover of Stevenson, and his twenty-six sketches of places described in Stevenson's stories form a very important part of the book. Distinctively bound and printed. Net, $3.00 "An Inspiration to Every Girl Who Has to Work"-N. Y. Evening Sun THE STORY OF JULIA PAGE By KATHLEEN NORRIS, Author of “Mother," ," "Saturday's Child," etc. The story of a girl who proved that family and wealth are not necessary to make a woman of culture. "Julia Page rings true as steel from start to finish. She is a real personality that refuses to be forgotten."-The Bookman. Frontis. Nel, $1.35 a A New Kipling Book FRANCE AT WAR Including his famous poem “France," never before in book form. The N. Y. Globe says: “Kipling writes about France as a lover of his beloved. His picture of France at War' has the same effect as the singing of the 'Marseillaise.' Net, 50 cents. . INTERIOR DECORATION Its Principles and Practice, by FRANK ALVAH PARSONS, President of the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts. 69 illustrations. Net, $3.00 IVORY AND THE ELEPHANT By GEORGE F. KUNZ, Gem Expert for Tiffany & Co. More than 100 illustrations. Net, $5.00 David Grayson's First Novel HEMPFIELD An American Novel In which David Grayson has an adventure in country journalism. The New York Times says: "This newest adventure' will take its place among the group of novels that are really Ameri- can, through and through. Anthy is one of the realest and most lovable heroines of contemporary American fiction." Illustrated by THOMAS FOGARTY. Net, $1.35. Leather, net, $1.50. THE DUAL ALLIANCE A Dainty New Love Story. By MARJORIE BENTON COOKE, author of "Bambi. Illustrated and Decorated. Nel, $1.00 THE GARDEN BLUE BOOK A Manual of the Perennial Garden. By LEICESTER B. HOLLAND. With more than 200 illustrations and Color Chart for Garden Planting. Net, $3.50 KIPLING'S INDIA By ARLEY MUNSON. A unique book for all Kipling lovers. 45 illustrations of Kipling places. QUILTS Their Story and How to Make Them. By MARIE B. WEB- STER. The only book of its kind. 60 illustrations in black and white; 15 in full color. Nel, $2.50. De Luxe Edition (limited to 125 copies). Net, $5.00 THE CO-CITIZENS By CORRA HARRIS. Life calls it “As full of character portraits and verbal spice as a proper pudding is of plums and cinnamon. Illustrated. Net, $1.00 SECRET HISTORY Revealed by LADY PEGGY O'MALLEY. A New Romance of International Intrigue, by C. N. & A. M. Williamson. Frontis. Net, $1.35 More Tributes to an Extraordinary Novel of Swedish Peasant Life JERUSALEM By SELMA LAGERLÖF “Selma Lagerlöf is one of the very finest artists alive. What extraordinary truth and completeness in her pictures of a whole community! I'm going to read her other books now."-SAMUEL MERWIN. “It is a book in which the wise can not find bottom, nor the child get beyond its depth."—N. Y. Life. Net, $1.35 STEWART EDWARD WHITE'S MOST BRILLIANT NOVEL THE GRAY DAWN A great romance of the vigilante days in California, one of the most colorful pictures in all American history. "It teems from first page to last, with the feverish, reckless life of the San Francisco of that period."--New York Tribune. Illustrated. Net, $1.35 STS) DOUBLE DAY, PAGE & CO. 540 (Dec. 9 THE DIAL SOME DISTINCTIVE BOOKS for Holiday Presents Remodeled Farmhouses By MARY H. NORTHEND. Shows the changes that converted twenty farmhouses into charming homes. Superbly illustrated. 8vo. $5.00 net. Old Boston Museum Days By KATE RYAN. Brings close to the reader the lure and glamour of early stage life at the Museum. Illustrated. 8vo. $1.50 net. Walks About Washington By FRANCIS E. LEUPP. Breathes the very spirit and atmosphere of the Capital city. Over 25 illustrations by Hornby. 8vo. $3.00 net. Old Concord By ALLEN FRENCH. Effectively depicts the town in literary and historical associa- tions. With 29 illustrations by Hornby. 8vo. $3.00 net. The Story of Wellesley By FLORENCE CONVERSE. Its tradi- tions and history, by a graduate. Illustrated by Norman I. Black. 8vo. $2.00 net. Stately Homes of California By PORTER GARNETT. The construc- tion and setting of twelve of California's finest homes. Illustrated in color. 8vo. $2.50 net. Memorial Edition The Plays of Clyde Fitch Four uniform volumes, including three plays never before printed, personal data, and Mr. Fitch's own views on stage matters. 4 vols. $6.00 net. Separately, $1.50 net. 12mo. I 2mo. Democracy in the Making By VARIOUS CONTRIBUTORS. A full account of the open forum movement at Ford lall, Boston. $1.50 net. Architecture of Colonial America By HAROLD D. EBERLEIN. A distinct- ive work on our architectural past and the process of evolution. 63 full-page plates. $2.50 net. Sunlit Days By FLORENCE HOBART PERIN. A word of prayer for each day. Cloth, $1.00 net. White and gold, $1.25 net. Leather, $1.50 net. Reminiscences and Letters of Sir Robert Ball The autobiography of England's famous astronomer written by his son. Illustrated. $5.00 net. Future of South America By ROGER W. BABSON. A most readable exposition of the country to-day. For the business man or investor. 12mo. $2.00 net. Tad and His Father By F. LAURISTON BULLARD. “A more fitting tribute to the memory of Lincoln would be difficult to find."- Boston Tran- script. Cloth, 50c. net. Leather, $1.00 net. Little Women Jessie Willcox Smith Edition By LOUISA M. ALCOTT. A handsome new edition with 8 colored illustrations by Miss Smith. 8vo. $2.50 net. The Making of an American's Library By ARTHUR E. BOSTWICK. An invalu. able guide by the Librarian of the St. Louis Public Library, for the real reader in his aim to build up a library. $1.00 net. BURGESS TRADE QUADDIES MARK By THORNTON W. BURGESS Bedtime Story-Books Old Mother West Wind Series Two new titles in this popular series. Another captivating addition in this IX Chatterer the Red Squirrel. series. X Sammy Jay. V Mother West Wind “Why" Each 50c. net. Stories. Illustrated. $1.00 net. LITTLE, BROWN & CO., Publishers, Boston, Mass. , , 1915) 541 THE DIAL THE GREAT BIG ROMANTIC STORY OF THE YEAR The London Times says: A generous tale which challenges comparison with Mr. Warwick Deeping's best medieval” work rather than any- thing else that we can think of. TheN.Y.Even- ing Post says: There are 572 pages in Mr. Farnol's latest book, and not a dull one among them. It more than fulfils the expectations aroused by “The Broad Highway." 66 Ву Jeffery Farnol BELTANE THE SMITH A ROMANCE OF THE GREENWOOD $1.50 Net. The greatest literary achievement for years, Mr. Farnol has brought to the development a book that is bound to last and grow in popular of this theme the same study of the epoch dealt ity with the years. It is a romance of love and with as he did in “The Broad Highway." It adventure that for charm and beauty rivals in reminded one of Gil Blas; this, in some ways, its allurement Tennyson's “Idylls of the King." reminds one of Don Quixote- though Beltane - Boston Globe. is as sane as a young Lohengrin. It is a fine More strongly than any other literary figure example of Mr. Farnol's thoughtful work, does Mr. Farnol's latest hero suggest Don Quix- written in his happiest style.—Philadelphia Pub- ote's own heart. We follow Beltane from one lic Ledger. exploit to another with a constantly increasing curiosity. The romance as a whole is illusive Jeffery Farnol is a master romancer. and it betrays a vigorous and resourceful im- what Farnol has done before was good, but this is better.-St. Louis Republic. agination.—Boston Transcript. The author of "The Broad Highway" long It is romance aglow, and for that reason ir- ago proved the magic of his pen, and the many resistible.--London Bookman. who have enjoyed his previous tales will find 570 pages of fresh allure and enjoyment in this Better than “Ivanhoe.”—London Standard. new story of derring-do and the greenwood and high emprise and romantic love.- New York A wonderful tale of a past age. It is Times. in a class by itself.—Brooklyn Eagle. . OTHER DISTINCTIVE FICTION THE THREE THINGS “The Greatest Story the War Has Produced.” By MARY RAYMOND SHIPMAN ANDREWS. Passionate pity for the oppressed, the eager chivalry that cannot contemplate a wrong unmoved, led a young American to throw himself into the horrid welter of European warfare. Here is one of those rare messages that go straight from the heart of the creator to the heart of the reader; by the author of "The Perfect Tribute." 50 cents net. The Way of These Women Jean of the Lazy A By E. PHILLIPS OPPENHEIM. A tensely written mystery novel containing the By B. M. BOWER. The moving-picture author's best portraiture of the fair sex. Illus- field in the West, with a real cowgirl for its trated. $1.35 net. heroine. $1.30 net. THE STIRRUP LATCH By the Author of “Truth Dexter." By SIDNEY MCCALL. “In this story of the development of four interweaving love stories, Sidney McCall gives to her readers as much ‘heart interest' as the most hungry heart could ask.” - Boston Advertiser. $1.35 net. LITTLE, BROWN & CO., Publishers, Boston, Mass. 542 [Dec. 9 THE DIAL THE FORUM FOR DECEMBER IS NOW READY Our Incestuous Marriage The Laws of Reform Modern American Painters- Whose Dog - ? and Winslow Homer WILLARD HUNTINGTON WRIGHT The Free Vacation House Harden's Chance WALTER R. BROOKS Herbert Spencer's "From The Dwellers Freedom to Bondage'' WILTON AGNEW BARRETT Rupert Brooke Evolution in Hymnology JOHN DRINKWATER FRANCES GREGG ANZIA YEZIERSKA AUGUSTUS P. GARDNER CHARLES H. RICHARDS The price is 35 cents a copy; $2.50 a year. A three months' trial subscription for 50 cents. MITCHELL KENNERLEY Publisher, NEW YORK Holds a Big Idea T The New REPUBLIC A Journal of Opinion Published Weekly The promise of American life seca through politics, industry, social problems, books, and the business of ordinary living To help writers who wish to reach the widest possible market for their manu- scripts THE EDITOR, now in its 21st year, prints in each fortnightly number news of new magazines, changes of address of periodicals and publishers, changes of policy, news of photo- play and play producers, full details of prize competitions, etc. Especial attention is paid to news of markets for second serial, photoplay, post card and calendar rights. This information supplements the large directory to manuscript markets, known as “1001 Places to Sell Manu- scripts," which lists definite manuscript require- ments of nearly 5,000 magazines, class, trade and technical periodicals, book publishers, theatrical and photoplay producers, post card publishers, vaudeville producers, music pub- lishers, etc. THE EDITOR costs $2.00 a year (26 numbers); single copies cost $0.10 each. “1001 Places to Sell Manuscripts," 350 pages, cloth, costs $1.62 postpaid. THE EDITOR for one year and the new edition of “1001 Places to Sell Manuscripts," if ordered together, cost $3.12. In addition to information about markets, copyright, and other business phases of author- ship, THE EDITOR publishes helpful articles on writing. THE EDITOR and “1001 Places to Sell Manuscripts" are indispensable. THE EDITOR, Box 509, Ridgewood, N. J. TEN CENTS FOUR DOLLARS A YEAR 10 CENTS Assumes that the Average Reader is a good deal above the average – which he is. EPA in the N. Y. Tribune 1915) 543 THE DIAL The Literary “Find” of the Year What It Is:- “Lafcadio Hearn sat himself down before a company of keen, alert young Japa- nese-how keen and alert nobody can fully understand who has not himself met such a company-in a university lecture room and talked to them right out of his head, just as the fancy moved him. He had no text-book before him, and no notes. He just talked, in a simple, direct, intimate, colloquial fashion, about the authors and books that thronged the chambers and shelves of his own compendious mind. He talked discursively, after the style of a peripatetic philosopher, yet always coherently and logically. He talked slowly, too; partly because he had to think out what he was to say as he went along, and partly because he was speaking in a language somewhat unfamiliar to his hearers, and he wanted them to comprehend his words. So de- liberately did he talk, indeed, that some of his hearers were able with nimble hands to write down verbatim what he said, and it is from these reports of his lectures, thus prepared, that these volumes ("Interpretations of Literature,” by Lafcadio Hearn) have been compiled. There are in them, consequently, a spontaneity and a sympa- thetic charm which must have been compelling and convincing to his Japanese hearers, and which will prove no less triumphant among his American readers.”—New York Herald. What Critics Say:- "The supreme value of the work for present consideration is the efficiency of its interpretations of English literature to English readers, who perhaps are as much in need of such service as were Hearn's pupils at the Imperial University of Japan."—New York Herald. “For these remarkable documents there is probably no equivalent in any language. ... Delivered in a Western tongue to Oriental hearers, one expected a certain simplicity of utterance, and yet no one could have anticipated such an amazing flow of elementary terms, perfect in their expression of the most complex thoughts."—San Francisco Chronicle. “A body of the finest kind of criticism, so far as substance is concerned, almost meriting Professor Erskine's sweeping claim that it is ‘unmatched in English unless we 'return to Coleridge, and in some ways unequaled by anything in Coleridge'."-N. Y. Times. "In publishing the lectures which Lafcadio Hearn delivered at Tokio University from 1896 to 1902, a service has been done not only to literature, but to friendship among the nations."—N. Y. Evening Post. To Readers of THE DIAL. QARETLER Fill in and send us the coupon and we will forward at our expense INTERPRE- TATIONS OF LITERATURE by LAFCADIO HEARN, 2 vols. 8vo, $6.00 net, for your examination. You are under no obligation to purchase and may return the set at our expense, within 30 days of receipt, if you wish to do so. DODD, MEAD & COMPANY DODD, MEAD & COMPANY 443 Fourth Avenue, New York 443 Fourth Avenue, New York Please send at your expense for examination, with privilege of return within 30 days if I so desire, Lafcadio Hearn's INTERPRETATIONS OF LITERATURE. 2 vols. 8vo, $6.00 net. Name Address D. 12-15 544 (Dec. 9, 1915 THE DIAL "A Wonderful and Extraordinary Book" H. G. WELLS' NEW NOVEL THE RESEARCH MAGNIFICENT . By the Author of “Marriage," "The Wife of Sir Isaac Harman," etc. "Displays the best that is in Wells as a thinker, as a critic of man, as a student of social and political crises, and-most of all—as a novelist."-Boston Transcript. “A noble, even a consecrated work the fine product of one of the brightest, best-balanced, most honest minds of our time."-N. Y. Globe. 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Published at 64-66 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK THE MACMILLAN COMPANY ON SALE AT ALL BOOKSTORES THE DIAL A Fortnightly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. PAGE 66 it seems, Vol. LIX. DECEMBER 9, 1915 No. 707 WILLIAM MORRIS AND THE WORLD TO-DAY. CONTENTS. “I have not been well, and there have been WILLIAM MORRIS AND THE WORLD TO- other troubles of which I won't speak, and the DAY. T. D. A. Cockerell 545 sum of all has rather made me break down. I SOME AMERICAN NOVELISTS AND THE hope I am not quite unhumble, or want to be the LAME ART. H. W. Boynton 548 only person in the world untroubled; but I have been ever loth to think that there were no people LITERARY AFFAIRS IN LONDON. (Special going through life, not without pain indeed, but London Correspondence.) J. C. Squire . . 549 with simplicity and free from blinding entangle- New Publishing Activities.—An All-Embrac- ments. Such an one I want to be, and my faith ing Epic.— The Christmas Book Season.- is that it is possible for most men to be no worse. War Books.- A Prohibited Novel. - Mr. Yet indeed I am older, and the year is evil; the Shaw's New Play. summerless season, and famine and war, and the CASUAL COMMENT folly of peoples come back again, as it were, and 551 A graceful acknowledgment of a literary the more and more obvious death of art before honor.— Exceptions to the rule of easy writ- it rises again, are heavy matters to a small crea- ing and hard reading.–An embargo on liter- ture like me, who cannot choose but think about ature.— Bill Pratt, saw-buck philosopher.- them, and can mend them scarce a whit.” A word about academy-making.- Simple Thus wrote William Morris to Mrs. Burne- Simons of the censorship.— " The greatest menace to universal education.”— Some anec- Jones in 1882. Thus could many of us write dotes of the late Sir James Murray.-A con- to-day. Whether we regard the European tribution to the curiosities of literature.- chaos, or our own poor success in dealing with Gems of purest ray serene. — - Reading with the eyes.-A defence of fine library build- labor of head or hand, or the present state of ings.— Frenzied fonetics. the arts, they are heavy matters for us, who, can mend them scarce a whit." COMMUNICATIONS 555 Some Further Remarks about Bryant. John Perhaps the dominant national feeling, the L. Hervey. undercurrent which indicates the real flow of Once in a Blue Moon. Alma Luise Olson. the river, is that of distress and incompetence. More about Diphthongs. Frank H. Vizetelly and Wallace Rice. To escape it, we gyrate in the eddies, think Imagism and Plagiarism. Arthur Davison and do the superficial things, and hope that Ficke. God at least is looking after His work. NEW VIEWS OF STEVENSON. Clark S. Those who would criticize us, as indeed Northup. 561 we criticize ourselves, may fairly be asked to consider whether, after all, they are not wit- CLASSICS ON THE ART OF ACTING. H. C. Chatfield-Taylor . 564 nessing a necessary stage of our evolution. We feel that it must be so, and therein is one TRIUMPHS OF GERMAN STATE SOCIAL- ISM. Frederic Austin Ogg . ray of hope. Some one has said that a man who had never reached the conclusion that he BACONIZING SHAKESPEARE. Samuel A. was an ass, was indeed one, with little chance Tannenbaum 567 of redemption. It may be so with nations. A CURIOSITY IN LITERARY HISTORY. Out of all this came Morris, as we also must Benj. M. Woodbridge . 571 come, with a programme of salvation. It was RECENT FICTION. Edward E. Hale . 573 the present writer's privilege to know him in the days of his active Socialistic propaganda, HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS — II. 575 Biography and History.—Travel and Descrip- and to hear him read, when it was new, his tion.- Nature and Out-Door Life.— Miscel- stirring " Message of the March Wind": laneous. “ Yet, love, as we wend, the wind bloweth behind NOTES 580 And beareth the last tale it telleth tonight, TOPICS IN DECEMBER PERIODICALS 581 How here in the spring-tide the message shall . • 566 . us, . find us; LIST OF NEW BOOKS 582 For the hope that none seeketh is coming to light. . 546 (Dec. 9 THE DIAL “Like the seed of midwinter, unheeded, unperished, should be left speaking, as he certainly would Like the autumn-sown wheat 'neath the snow have been, to a baby in a ‘pram'!” lying green, Like the love that o'ertook us, unawares and So it seemed that all this wave of hope uncherished, and enthusiasm surged against stone walls, Like the babe 'neath thy girdle that groweth rebounding upon itself. Even among the unseen; comrades, within the Socialist League, dissen- tion arose, and eventually active educational “So the hope of the people now buddeth and groweth, propaganda was abandoned by Morris him- Rest fadeth before it, and blindness and fear; self, who took to new and wonderful forms It biddeth us learn all the wisdom it knoweth; of art, whereby we all profit greatly to this It hath found us and held us, and biddeth us day. hear. It would be logical to ask whether Morris's “For it beareth the message: 'Rise up on the earlier pessimism did not better express the morrow, reality of things; whether we, in our doubt And go on your ways toward the doubt and the and hesitation, are not facing the real world strife: with an understanding of its nature. It Join hope to our hope and blend sorrow with would be easy to defend ourselves with an sorrow, And seek for men's love in the short days of intellectual cynicism, or to pacify our con- life.'" sciences with a programme presenting only And again, in his lecture on "The Aims of the outward appearance of activity. To one Art," he says: who has lived through the last thirty years, “ The world's roughness, falseness, and injus- observing the progress of events, it does in- tice, will bring about their natural consequences, deed appear ludicrous that some of us could and we and our lives are part of those conse- have believed the "industrial revolution" quences; but since we inherit also the conse- would come before the end of the century; quences of old resistance to those curses, let us but it is none the less evident that the seed so each look to it to have our fair share of that in- heritance also, which, if nothing else come of it . passionately sown has brought its harvest. will at least bring to us courage and hope; that is The gain was real and substantial, and his- eager life while we live, which is above all things tory will see, not poor little crowds of stupid the Aim of Art." people bearing witness, but the whole wide So Morris, in a blue suit, looking like some world. sea-captain, stood at street corners on Sunday It was extremely characteristic of Morris mornings, and tried to give his message to the that he threw himself whole-heartedly into public. Two or three of us, his comrades of whatever he chose to do. He had no patience the Socialist League, would form the nucleus with half measures. I remember his scorn of a crowd; miscellaneous passers-by would when the committee of the League had the stop to see what was going on, and the indif- posters announcing the meetings printed on ferent little assemblages would be treated to pinkish paper, instead of full red. “Why," lectures which many would now pay a good he said, “it looks like revolution and water! ” price to hear. John Burns tells a good story He was essentially constructive in all his aims. of an occasion when he went out with Morris The Socialistic propaganda took the form of on behalf of the propaganda. Burns, who has an attack on existing society, and to super- a voice like a fog-horn, started things, and the ficial people it might seem only an effort to inhabitants of the little village began to as- destroy; but the mind of Morris, if not of all semble. The crowd obtained, Burns gave way his followers, was illumined by a vision of to Morris, who was warming up to his subject, what might be. Must it not be the same with when Burns plucked his sleeve and warned us! If our present condition, nationally and him to stop. Morris obeyed, but was visibly individually, is but a stage, well and good. annoyed, and wanted to know what was the It remains, however, to see that something matter with his speech or with the crowd. positive, genuine, and purposeful comes out “Well,” said Burns, “I had seen what Mor- of it all. The spirit of America must emerge ris had overlooked, that the adjacent 'pub' as a real contribution to civilization, It can had just opened, and I didn't think it fitting hardly be said to-day that our literature, our that the author of The Earthly Paradise' educational institutions, or our political or- 6 1915] 547 THE DIAL 6% ganizations are adequately dealing with the at the neighbours' bidding whereso they will; not problems they confront; they are instead necks of men shall I smite, but the stalks of the seeking lines of the least resistance, trying to tall wheat, and the boles of the timber-trees which the wood reeve hath marked for felling; the stilts do what good they can without inconvenience. of the plough rather than the hilts of the sword One is almost ready to believe that the Uni- shall harden my hands; my shafts shall be for versity, which seems to represent the high- the deer, and my spears for the wood-boar, till war water mark of our intellectual attainment, and sorrow fall upon us, and I fight for the ceas- must suffer from the frailty of its weakest ing of war and trouble . And though I be called a chief and of the blood of chiefs, yet shall I not be link; gathering together the best the country masterful to the goodmen of the Dale, but rather affords, and then levelling downward. Such to my hound; for my chieftainship shall be that I a statement is too extreme; to express it is to shall be well beloved and trusted, and that no man fall in some measure into the pessimism we shall grudge against me. Canst thou learn to love such a life, which to me seemeth lovely?'” condemn; yet it remains true that unless we I should like to see this passage graven on a can react to evil as Morris did, rising on wings of seemingly quixotic hope, we must be tablet , and set in one of the great railroad written down as having failed when failure stations of this country, where the seething was most calamitous to the human race. mass of humanity daily passing through might pause for a moment and read. Yet in Recently I witnessed a curiously mixed reading, we must not let the musical charm of the language fill our minds to the exclusion programme in the local theatre. The first of the deeper thought it conveys. The Mor- part of the evening saw the production of a risian doctrine, here expressed, is that happi- long "movie" play, a tale of the wild west, ness lies in normal self-activity, in doing a dramatic, bloodthirsty, and highly moral. multitude of little things to serve our needs The second event was a drama with real and those of our fellows. The “ War Brides” actors,—“War Brides," done by members of drama is first of all an exposure of the the women's club, and done extremely well. Little as these matters seemed to be related, erful as a plea against unjust suppression, the hideousness of war; but it is hardly less pow- the thoughts they initiated finally met each denial of the right to be and do. Our sons other on the cross-roads, and recognized a kinship. The combined result led back to the and daughters shall live their proper useful memory of William Morris, and of his plans external authority, be fed into the jaws of the , for human happiness. war machine. Nay, if they must come to that, In “ The Roots of the Mountains there shall be no sons and daughters. a picture of peaceful activity, which for its beauty and eloquence, as well as its appro- All this is evident; but what, in this con- The outgoing priateness to the present time, is perhaps nection, of the “movies ” ? thought was this: that whereas we rebel, and unsurpassed : must rebel, against forceful injustice and “«Sweet friend,' he said, what thou sayest is better than well; for time shall be, if we come suppression, we may ourselves do what we alive out of this pass of battle and bitter strife, will not permit others to compel, voluntarily when I shall lead thee into Burgdale to dwell there. abandoning our proper activities. Morris And thou wottest of our people that there is little always rebelled against the tendency to allow strife and grudging amongst them, and that they are merry, and fair to look on, both men and machines to usurp the pleasurable work of women; and no man there lacketh what the earth man, "labor saving" devices, to save us from may give us, and it is a saying amongst us that that which really makes life worth living. He there may a man have that which he desireth save hardly contemplated such degradation as the the sun and moon in his hands to play with; and turning of our play also over to machines. of this gladness, which is made up of many little The "movies" may be moral or instructive, matters, what story may be told? Yet amongst it I shall live and thou with me; and ill indeed it or may be otherwise, but the "movie" mania, were if it wearied thee and thou wert ever longing like that of athletic "fans," means the ever for some day of victorious strife, and to behold me greater extension of sloth, the replacement coming back from battle high-raised on the shields of the humble happy play of other years by of men and crowned with bay; if thine ears must ever be tickled with the talk of men and their the mere contemplation of things. Morris did songs concerning my warrior deeds. For thus it indeed recognize and insist upon the impor- shall not be. When I drive the herds it shall be tance of satisfying the “period of idleness," we find 6 6 548 (Dec. 9 THE DIAL which was one of the great aims of art, but ancient and lamentable_fallacies, and had he dreaded the cheapening of endeavor by ignored the real issue. Here, if we had pos- competition with devices intended to curtail sessed such a thing as a critic, would have the expenditure of human energy. It was for been an appropriate moment to call upon this reason that he wrote his “News from him, so that we might at least stand a chance Nowhere," to stand against the picture pre- of discovering what we were talking about. In default of that, the "Atlantic" did the sented by Bellamy's "Looking Backward." best it could by calling upon a second popular The moving picture, reasonably used, is a American novelist, Mr. Meredith Nicholson, beneficial invention; even Morris would never to take up the cudgels in the cause, whatever have gone so far as to regret the existence of that might be. Mr. Nicholson, in The Open the printing press, in which machinery takes Season for American Novelists,” turned out the place of hand-work on a vast scale. Argu- a very graceful and amusing piece of writing, ing as a lawyer, we can make it appear that in the course of which he gently chaffed Mr. there is no logical basis for objecting to mod Garnett, Mr. Wister, and the rest of us, and ern methods of entertainment; yet those who came to the sound conclusion that, after thoughtfully contemplate the facts have rea- all, there is nothing whatever to be gained for American literature by the habit of son to be alarmed lest we, having won free- scolding. dom and peace, may sacrifice the due fruits Well, some of us breathed easier after that. of these blessings to the god of sloth. It was reassuring to feel that our literary T. D. A. COCKERELL. estate was not so desperate that it could not still be smiled about. To be sure, Mr. Nichol- son had not altogether cleared up the situa- SOME AMERICAN NOVELISTS AND tion, and there might still have been room, if THE LAME ART. we had had a critic. However, that being - out of the question, the little exchange of A very pretty quarrel seems to be going on more or less random shots seemed to be in in the pages of "The Atlantic Monthly." It some sense over”; when lo! in the current is taking a somewhat leisurely course, as it number of the "Atlantic number of the "Atlantic" a new champion began about a year ago. The opening shot appears, far more fierce and determined than was fired by a red-coat, Mr. Edward Garnett, his predecessors. This, under the conditions, introduced in the “Atlantic” (on the author- could be none other than a third popular ity of a popular English novelist) as “the American novelist, Mr. Henry Sydnor Har- most valuable of British critics.” If he is rison. Him, on the evidence of his bearing, that, there was little evidence of it in “Some I take to be a volunteer, zealous for the Remarks on American and British Fiction." cause, and actually intent upon finding out No doubt conditions were unfavorable. The what the cause is. What he believes he has editor of the “Atlantic" had asked him to say found is suggested by his title, “Conven- a little something; and, without special in- tional Critics and Poor America." The issue clination or preparation, he did just that. It is between the novelists and the people of was only for American consumption, anyhow. | America on the one hand, and the “genteel The result was a casual and rather bungling critics," as Mr. Wister calls them, on the attack upon American letters, and especially other. Those gentry, as far as we can make current American fiction. America (it is to out, are damned from the cradle, since criti. be supposed) sat up. Clearly something must cism (unless, we suppose, as practised by be said for our literary Stars and Stripes; popular novelists) is, according to Mr. Har- and the “Atlantic" presently put a champion rison, “the lamest of all arts.” The sting in in the field. This, of course, was not a critic his title is that it includes Mr. Wister! Mr. (since we have no critics), but a popular Harrison announces with joy, which I for one novelist and man of the world. So Mr. have not the heart to grudge him, that in his Owen Wister, entering the arena, proclaims "Atlantic" utterance the older novelist has in a clear voice that Mr. Garnett is right, that shown himself no better than a critic,- the we have no current fiction of value, and that hidebound timid genteel critic whom he has this is due to the venality or impotence of our crushed beneath a passing heel. Of course criticism, the slack ambitions of our novelists, the new champion has no difficulty in getting and the hopeless stupidity of our "reading under his victim's fifth (or critical) rib public.” America sat up again. It was plain (even The Dial may be said to have done enough that while Mr. Wister had told some that!). Mr. Harrison, taking him to repre- home truths he had also restated many sent the best that authorised criticism” in 66 1915] 549 THE DIAL : America can put forward, handles him ex- the “Cambridge History of Modern Litera- haustively. If there is anything left to be ture” has lumbered out, regardless of Arma- done to Mr. Wister in connection with his geddon; a few small books of criticism, a few article, “ Quack Novels and Democracy,” it bad books of verse, and a good many so-so does not occur to us at the moment. After a novels (mostly with a war-chapter at the end!) slight attempt at the urbane ironical manner, have also been added to the year's total. One Mr. Harrison throws caution to the winds, of the volumes of “poetry” I really must men- and goes at his adversary with the bare tion: no amateur of the curious can afford to knuckles. The result is not the less amusing miss it. Its title is “ The Chronicles of Man”; by reason of Mr. Harrison's devout conviction its author's name is C. Fillingham Coxwell; that he is disposing of two adversaries by the poem is written in — of all things in the knocking their heads together. Mr. Wister world — rhymed Alexandrines; and it chal- has said that critics are fools and weaklings. lenges the position of “The Faerie Queene” So they are. But Mr. Wister himself is one as the longest epic in the language. Modern of them: therefore by showing up Mr. Wis- England already possessed one highly ambi- ter's folly and feebleness you are polishing tious epic poet in the person of Mr. J. Row- off the whole breed. botham, an elderly gentleman who describes For example: Mr. Wister damns the Amer- himself in advertisements as “ The Modern ican “reading public” because some millions Homer.” He has written “The Epic of Crea- of persons read the works of one Harold Bell tion," " The Epic of the Devil,” and so on; Wright. Mr. Harrison makes the point that and from time to time, clad in a bardic robe. , there are many distinct reading publics, and he gives public recitations from them in Lon- that most of them do, on the whole, responddon. But Mr. Coxwell beats him hollow. All to and support good work. These are excel- knowledge is his province: and almost all . lent points. That they are frequently reit- knowledge has gone into his epic. It contains erated by professional critics, and are, indeed, the whole history of man, from the Javanese among the truisms of the trade, would no excursions of the pithecanthropus erectus to doubt have disabled them in Mr. Harrison's the sinking of the “Falaba.” Every religion, mind, if he had but known! every civilization, every great movement in All this kind of thing is delightful if incon- politics, art, and thought, the disputations of clusive: there appears to be no reason why it Duns Scotus, the conquests of Alexander and should not go on for some time, since there the Grand Duke Nicholas, - everything you doubtless other popular story-tellers can imagine passes across his screen, and he among us, who might be induced to try their finally deposits the exhausted pilgrim of eter- hands at the lame art of criticism. nity upon the still contested banks of the H. W. BOYNTON. Bzura and the Rawka. It will take the minor versifiers of two hemispheres some time to go one better than this. LITERARY AFFAIRS IN LONDON. New PUBLISHING ACTIVITIES.- AN ALL-EMBRAC- The prospects of Christmas publishing are ING EPIC.- THE CHRISTMAS BOOK Season.- not bright. The organized publishers are now WAR Books.— A PROHIBITED Novel.— MR. conducting a National Book Fortnight of SHAW's New PLAY. propaganda, in order to promote the con- (Special Correspondence of THE DIAL.) sumption of their products; but it is scarcely The publishing season drags its slow length likely that a publicity campaign will induce along without anything of much importance people to read books who otherwise would be appearing. Of the few notable books that do playing billiards, arguing about the war, or appear, most are translations; and among going to what are now called Cinedromes and, them there are some of old books of which last abomination of all, Picturedromes. A cer- we could well have done with English versions tain number of expensive gift books have before. The firm of Stanley Paul, for exam- begun to appear; one of the best actually ple, is issuing a six-volume edition of Saint | breaks new ground, being a book on Bridges Simon's Memoirs, containing all one wants of beautifully illustrated by Mr. Frank Brang- them; and Nelson's have very enterprisingly wyn. But nobody can really say how far brought out a much compressed but very well people will abstain from this kind of Christ- chosen translation of the Journal of the de mas present; a partner in one very promi- Goncourts, a book which gives a better idea of nent firm tells me that the only picture-book nineteenth century literary France than any of the kind that is to come from his office is other work ever written. Another volume of one which was originally to be priced at a are 550 (Dec. 9 THE DIAL guinea, and which is now, owing to the econ- newal of newspaper discussion on the literary omical proclivities of the war-time public, to censorship, and, probably, manifestos by all be priced at six shillings. Pessimism is not our advanced littérateurs concerning the universal: a few publishers are doing well, necessity of securing free speech for the artist. and immense quantities of sevenpenny re- It is not that “ The Rainbow” has many ad- prints are being sold. But publishers as a mirers. It is a dull book, choppily written; body do not expect their Christmas to be as and there is a gloomy ferocity about its Merry as usual. author's insistence upon the physical phe- Some people, perhaps, may be tempted into nomena of sex which you could scarcely find unintentional irony by the chance of giving in any other English-speaking novelist. Parts their friends new War Books as Christmas of it are certainly repulsive; and all of it is presents. I need scarcely say that the war morbid. The grievance is, not that a great books are still pouring out, though few of work of art has been lost to the world by what them can be really profitable to their pro- Americans, I believe, call Comstockery; but ducers. The flood shrank a little in the sum- that the book is no more offensive than many mer; almost every person with a name in any works which are not interfered with; and that, sort of sphere had written a War Book, and in any case, it is desirable that the greatest we hoped for a rest. But no: they were possible amount of rope should, on principle, merely pausing to return with reinvigorated be allowed to writers whose bona fides is un- lungs. Mr. G. K. Chesterton is about to pro- questionable. questionable. And Mr. Lawrence's certainly duce his third war book: and, needless to is. His seriousness is so profound as to be remark, what he has to say is epoch-making almost painful to watch. compared with what most of the others emit. He has undeniably a strain of genius in him, A few intelligent and thoughtful works are though “ The Rainbow” itself is an exceed- buried in the mass; but the vapidity, banality, ingly tedious affair. This strain comes out, and, above all, egoism of the great majority to some extent, in his early novels (he is still of them are indescribable. Why, merely be only twenty-eight), but still more in “Sons cause there is a war on, should Professor and Lovers," in the volume of short stories Bilgewater write about Nietzsche,- of whom, called “The Prussian Officer," and in his two years ago, he had never heard? Why, verse. He has written nothing perfect; his is because France has been invaded, should Miss an achievement of flashes. But even those Marianne Nokes, normally a purveyor of su- who are most repelled by his brutality and his burban fiction, give us pictures of herself with obsession with the body — he appears to be France as a background? Day after day under the influence of Freud, and there is a they surge forth: "Life in a German Grocer's good deal of Strindberg in him — recognize Family,” “Attila and the Kaiser," "Krupp the occasional wonderful exactitude of his and Kultur,” “ The Real Schopenhauer," "Ar- observation and his phraseology. There are mageddon and After," "My Week in a Hos- sentences in his writing which burn across the pital,” “What I Think of the War," "A Short- page like flames leaping into the smoky mid- Story Writer in Tortured Belgium," "The a The night pall of a factory district. His gifts are Alsace-Lorraine Problem through Sussex gifts of sight; his defects are defects of Eyes,” — “O God! O Montreal!" as Samuel thought. Philosophizing is obscuring his Butler remarked when he met the man whose spark of genius; if he does not pull himself brother-in-law had been haberdasher to Mr. together his work will deteriorate. But he is Spurgeon. It is small consolation to feel that one of the very few men amongst the younger the civilian populations of our enemies' coun- English novelists who is worth a second look. tries are going through a similar ordeal. He has a strong and compact body of ad- mirers; and there has naturally been a good deal of indignation at his name being dragged The one mild literary sensation of the through the mud in a police court and his autumn has been the prosecution and confis- novel being stigmatized by a shocked barrister cation of Mr. D. H. Lawrence's new novel, as "a bawdy volume.” If they had let the “ The Rainbow.” The prosecution resulted book alone its dulness would have condemned from some exceedingly intemperate criticisms it to an early oblivion; as it is, one hears that in the press; one of our horrified mandarins such copies as have got about are changing even going so far as to say that Zola is hands privately at fabulous prices! "child's food” to Lawrence—which is asinine. Had it not been for the predominance of a No sooner had this case been heard than there somewhat more important subject of public was a rumor that the production of Mr. Shaw's interest, we should certainly have had a re- new play, “O'Flaherty V. C.,” which is an- - 6 1915) 551 THE DIAL . nounced to be put on at the Abbey Theatre, how he shall convey to you my sense of the Dublin, shortly, had been forbidden by the supreme honor which your award of the authorities. The play has not been published ‘Medal for Fiction' has done me. In the last but one knows roughly its drift. When the analysis I find this sense a sort of dismay great Michael O'Leary won his Victoria Cross which it would be difficult to render. Yet I an evil story went round London. It was to will not pretend that it is altogether the the effect that, on hearing, in her remote unexpected that has happened, or that, with Hibernian retreat of her son's great feat, the whatever consciousness of demerit, I did not hero's mother observed, "I always knew that hope it might happen. . . So far as pure criti- Michael was the broth of a bhoy, but I little cism has governed your vote, I might say that thought that I would live to see the day when the novelist to whom you have done the great- he would kill eight by Englishmen." -y Englishmen.” The est honor that the world could do him has complex relations of Irishmen towards each striven for excellence in his art with no other, towards England, and towards the war divided motive, unless the constant endeavor naturally lured Mr. Shaw; something of the for truth is want of fealty to fiction. The spirit, and even of the letter, of the O'Leary fashion of this world passes away, and I have anecdote has got into the play; and though the seen it come and go in my art, or phases of it. dramatist's conclusions as to Irishmen's course The best novel of my day is not the best novel of action are, from an Englishman's point of of yours in some of these.” Finally, says Mr. view, admirable, it is a perilous thing to make Howells, “I prize your award more than all jests at a time like this. However, as I write, the words of my many books could say.” the report of the “banning” of the play is contradicted, and we may possibly see it after EXCEPTIONS TO THE RULE OF EASY WRITING all. Mr. Shaw's preoccupation with the top- ical in the last year has not been quite com- AND HARD READING are probably, if the truth plete. He has written a preface for his forth- were known, not many. The man who with- coming volume of plays ("Androcles,” etc.), literary expression is not born oftener than out conscious effort masters the art of perfect which is said to be the best preface he has ever done. It examines Christianity and the Bible once in a century, though examples are not wanting of remarkable effectiveness in the use de novo; and it concludes, I understand, with the suggestion, Why not Try Christianity? of the pen on the part of men given to action rather than to letters. We approve and That is a very revolutionary proposal. admire the conscientious toil of a Flaubert J. C. SQUIRE. agonizing for the one supremely appropriate London, November 22, 1915. word, and of a Pater with his little squares of paper on which he wrote and re-wrote his exquisite sentences, which he afterward re- CASUAL COMMENT. vised and re-revised in the proof; but we greet with a more spontaneous burst of applause A GRACEFUL ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF A LIT- him who dashes off his literary masterpiece ERARY HONOR comes from Mr. Howells's pen with one rapid stroke of the pen. Lincoln's on the occasion of the award to him, by the Gettysburg address, hastily pencilled on the National Institute of Arts and Letters, of its backs of old envelopes on the train that was gold medal, the highest distinction bestowed carrying him to the place of delivery, is a by that body for achievement in any of the classic, even though a somewhat mythical, fine arts. Especially noteworthy is this instance; and Grant's facility of impromptu award because he is the first novelist to be written expression as shown by his despatches thus honored, and his words of acceptance from the field, and to some extent, one sus- were both worthy of the occasion and finely pects, by his published memoirs, is another illustrative of his style as a master of English. and more authentic example. A few days ago It is an intellectual recreation to read such Senator Lodge, addressing the Massachusetts sentences as these from his letter of acknowl- Historical Society, paid tribute to the mem- edgment: "A rumor of one of those good ory of its deceased president, Charles Francis things which seem too good to be true has Adams, and in enumerating the talents and come to me with such insistence that I must achievements of that distinguished descendant take it for a fact, and I am asking the secre- of distinguished men took occasion to say: tary of the Institute to acknowledge it for me. "From the earliest beginnings in the days of I know he will fitly account for my not doing the college and the law office he wrote easily this in person, and I will not hamper him and well. He seems never to have passed with any expression of my preference as to through the severe struggle necessary to most 552 (Dec. 9 THE DIAL men when learning to express themselves in Bill's life and labors have been made the sub- writing with force and lucidity. Yet the old ject of a book, they have been preserved for saying that easy writing makes hard reading all time in literary form, by two alumni who does not apply in his case. All that Charles were in college with Bill, though not reciting Adams wrote is eminently readable." Never- from exactly the same textbook or pursuing theless the old saying is one that very few can the same courses with him. It was meet that afford to forget. he should have his history related by Williams men, for he was himself first and foremost a AN EMBARGO ON LITERATURE would seem to Williams man, “He had wormed his way mean a relapse into the dark ages. That a into college life,” says his biography, “far highly cultured nation of western Europe back in the homespun times when there should adopt measures to prevent the export w war n't no buildin's there but East College, of printed matter, of any class not clearly West College, and the gable-end of a car- obnoxious, would have seemed, a year and a tridge-box,' and he refused to be counted out. half ago, a ludicrously absurd impossibility. It troubled him little that he had no learning, Yet to-day we have an English correspondent for he had learned to love life and could teach of the New York “Evening Post " writing even the students themselves something on thus to that journal: “All our liberties are that score.” Through six decades Bill sawed being taken from us one by one, and after wood, blacked stoves, sold apples and pop- to-morrow (or a few days later) we may send corn, “made music," practised oratory, and no more pamphlets to America. Militarism is upheld the dignity and glory of his adopted daily more and more fastening itself upon us, college, as will be found duly recorded in his and many of us cannot see where the differ- authorized biography, by Mr. John Sheridan ence lies between our militarism and the Prus- Zelie and Mr. Carroll Perry. From this book, sian form we are supposed to be out to kill!” | entitled “Bill Pratt the Saw-buck Philoso- Demoralizing to any country must be the pher," and published by Mr. Talcott M. effects of long-continued armed strife, and Banks, Williamstown, Mass., we quote, in there is no cause for surprise in the further closing, a passage illustrative of Bill the ora- contents of the letter, which, with a few tor. It is from "A Funeral Address delivered changes, might have been written from any in front of West College after the passage of one of half a dozen or more European coun- a funeral procession." "Murmur and mourn! tries. "The degeneration of our own people. The language of life is past. The grass of morally, intellectually, and spiritually, is the gullory is gone and the electricity of the most serious result of the war. If I could bay-rum tree is decided with the laments of give you the details of what is happening refuge. Oh, he was a good man. How the along these lines I do not think you would grasshoppers of his belief floundered with the believe me, as it is almost impossible to believe winds of his whiffle-trees. What a burden he it myself. The indirect evils of war are even was! What a beautiful Pharisee! By the greater than the direct ones." A number of corduroy of his attainments and the melody pamphlets issued by the Union of Democratic of his magnificence he retired and the palms Control are sent by the writer, before the of his pussy-willows wave with the Rolling interdict goes into effect, and American aid is Ottaw.” asked for the work engaged in by that society. No name is signed or address given, but A WORD ABOUT ACADEMY-MAKING, by one of inquiry of the above-mentioned newspaper the founders of the organization from which would perhaps elicit details. sprang the society which in turn gave birth to our American Academy of Arts and Let- BILL PRATT, SAW-BUCK PHILOSOPHER, whose ters, may be of interest in connection with memory is cherished in humorous affection by the recent annual meeting of that body and Williams graduates of the middle and late its bestowal of a gold medal on its absent nineteenth century, was one of those unlau- | president, Mr. W. D. Howells. Mr. Frank B. reated men of nondescript genius encountered Sanborn writes in his weekly Boston liter- from time to time on every college campus, ary letter to the Springfield "Republican": and the source of untold entertainment and "Another society, bearing the name of the perhaps also some inspiration to the succes- American Institute of Arts and Letters, met sive classes that come and go, that wax and here on Thursday. This institute was wane, while these uncatalogued stars in the formed by the Social Science mother organi- academic firmament shine on, if not forever,zation in 1898.” Correcting some erroneous yet often for as many decades as can be impressions prevalent in regard to this asso- counted on the fingers of one hand. And now ciation, he continues : "Dr. Charles W. . 1915) 553 THE DIAL > 66 66 Eliot was never the president of the Social should think himself meant and take offense, Scientists, who had for presidents, in succes- to the serious detriment of Great Britain and sion, President Rogers of the 'Tech' (Mass. her allies. Again, Pope's "Lend, lend your Institute of Technology), George William Cur- wings, I mount! I fly!” is obviously trea- tis, President Angell of Michigan, President sonable, as if the domestic supply of aircraft Gilman of Johns Hopkins, President White of were inadequate! Those of us who have Cornell, Dean Wayland of Yale, Oscar S. received in our foreign mail letters tampered Straus, F. J. Kingsbury, and others. It was a with by the censor can heap coals of fire on nephew of Mr. Kingsbury, Dr. Holbrook Curtis his head by sending in valuable suggestions of New York, who suggested the formation of like the foregoing. this Institute, to be made up partly from exist- ing members of the parent body and partly " THE GREATEST MENACE TO UNIVERSAL EDU- from artists and authors outside, and for sev- CATION,” declares the editor of the “Wiscon- eral years the starred list of Institute members sin Library Bulletin,” though he qualifies the was printed in the annual Journal of Social assertion with a “possibly” that might safely Science, which I edited for some thirty years. enough have been omitted, “is the cessation Out of these original Institute brethren was of the educational processes immediately upon developed a smaller body, an American leaving school." American leaving school.” It is then urged upon all Academy, which seeks to hold a rank like that concerned to teach the pupil the use of the of the French Academy, and has advanced public library, since if this is done he will be measurably in that direction.” In conclusion likely to make the library his continuation the somewhat melancholy fact is noted that school. The school period is the time, par "meanwhile the mother society of social excellence, “to beat a path to the public science has gone into cold storage, and no library” and to become enamoured of its longer holds meetings, having long outlived chaste delights. Apropos of this, or of any. its parent, the British Social Science Associa- thing you please, there comes to mind the tion, formed by Lord Brougham and his enthusiastic vein in which the learned Hein- friend, G. W. Hastings, before our Civil sius, the classical philologist of Leyden, sings War." the praises of the library there. “I no sooner come into the library,” said he, “than I bolt SIMPLE SIMONS OF THE CENSORSHIP have the door to me (figuratively speaking), ex- been provoking the mirth of Great Britain's cluding Lust, Ambition, Avarice, and all such leading comic paper, the sprightly sheet pub- vices, whose nurse is Idleness, the mother of lished weekly at 10 Bouverie Street, and it Ignorance and Melancholy. In the very lap prints a few quasi-official regulations for the of eternity, amongst so many divine souls, I , guidance of incautious persons addicted to take my seat with so lofty a spirit and sweet careless quotation from the poets. Thus, one content, that I pity all our great ones and must no longer say, or sing, or write, “ Drink rich men that knew not this happiness.” to me only with thine eyes,” for fear of sug- Heinsius made this resort his continuation gesting to the enemy a defective water sup- school to the end of his life of scholarly ply. Come into the garden, Maud" should industry. be “Come into the basement, Maud” (see official directions). Fond memory ought until SOME ANECDOTES OF THE LATE SIR JAMES further notice to refrain from bringing the MURRAY, editor of the monumental Oxford light of other days, or any light whatsoever, Dictionary, are sent to us by our Paris corre- around one, for obvious reasons (see police spondent, Mr. Theodore Stanton. While one regulations). Even “Mary had a little of the early letters of the alphabet was being lamb” is objectionable, as suggesting a short-dealt with, a Scotticism describing a certain age in the food supply. All persons desirous part of the hoof of cattle puzzled the Oxford of promoting the effectiveness of this censor- lexicographers. Finally Sir James decided to ship are, we assume, at liberty to mention consult the tenant on his Roxburghshire farm. other instances of dangerously ambiguous “He is very intelligent, and will tell us what lines or couplets or stanzas. For instance, is meant by this word.” A few days later one might point out the peril in the first line came by parcel post a package which carried of Gray's Pindaric ode, “Ruin seize thee, with it a very strong odor, and by mail a ruthless King!” In place of this last word letter from the farmer, who wrote: “Not another, also beginning with K, should be understanding just what part you referred to, substituted, lest in the present hair-trigger I thought it best to send you the whole leg.” condition of the Balkan States King Constan- A reader of Stevenson's works for the Dic- tine of Greece or Ferdinand of Roumania | tionary sent in a word that could be found in 66 554 (Dec. 9 THE DIAL no other lexicon; so Sir James turned to the GEMS OF PUREST RAY SERENE from the author himself for the definition, and by depths of the Atlantic.— not the dark un. return of post received these lines written on fathomed caves of the ocean, but the pages a post card: “For heaven's sake don't touch of the magazine - are gathered and displayed that word; it is simply a typographical attractively in that annual reminder of the error!” A story characteristic of that other swift passage of time, “The Atlantic Monthly eccentric Oxfordian, Professor Freeman, is Almanac.” In its issue for 1916 are to be the following: Sir James had six sons and noted, in addition to zodiacal signs, moons in five daughters, and to all of them he gave old all phases, useful tidings respecting tides, and Anglo-Saxon names, the boys taking those of other like matters common to all almanacs, the kings. Freeman dropped in one day to such bits of sifted wisdom as this by Mrs. congratulate the Murrays on an addition to Katharine Fullerton Gerould in the October the family, and asked: “Well, what is the issue of the magazine: “There are two argu- name this time!” “Ethelbald, the seventh," Ethelbald, the seventh," ments against teaching our children Greek: was the reply. Whereupon, the historian, so one, that it is too hard; the other, that it is particular in minutiæ, forgetting all about the useless. No person who could be influenced real object of his visit, remarked rather quer- | by either has the remotest conception of the ulously, “Why, Dr. Murray, you ought to meaning or the value of culture." And here. know that there was but one King Ethelbald.” for the month of December, are some brave “Yes,” came the quiet reply, “but this is my words, peculiarly timely, but too little likely to seventh." be taken seriously in this year of (dis) grace: “I believe that it is both possible and right to A CONTRIBUTION TO THE CURIOSITIES OF LIT- live like the lilies of th field and the birds of ERATURE, however inconsiderable, is never out the air; to sell all that one has and give to of order among the lovers of such odds and the poor, winning an unseen treasure; to lend ends of unclassifiable lore. Not all the inter- without expecting a return; to allow all that esting things of this sort are gathered within one has to go from one unprotesting." Once the ample volumes of the industrious Disraeli more: “Art for art's sake — if it ever meant the elder. For instance, he lived too early to what it said, which is doubtful — was always note the following: Edward FitzGerald, as all FitzGeraldians will recall, used to pride artist is not a man. Art was ever the servant a vain and silly cry. As well contend that an himself on having constructed the worst line as well as the mistress of men, and ever will of poetry to be found in all literature, though be.” So spake John Galsworthy. There are Thackeray (or was it Spedding, or some other worse books to read than almanacs some of the FitzGerald circle?) obstinately con- almanacs. tended with him for the honors of author- ship. a line in heroic metre, but READING WITH THE EYES, but not with the hardly heroic in any other respect, and ran mind, is a lamentably easy thing to do, as thus: thousands have discovered to their sorrow. "A Mr. Wilkinson, a clergyman." It is even possible and in fact not very diffi- The exact date of the composition of this cult to read aloud intelligibly and with some masterpiece it would now be difficult if not degree of appropriate expression while the impossible to ascertain, but it is safe to ascribe mind is occupied with alien matters. No be- it to the poet's earlier years, the period of life ginning reader could do this any more than when such inspirations are far more frequent a beginning piano pupil could render a than in the sere and yellow leaf of senescence. Chopin nocturne while discussing the Har- Consequently it may be placed before 1865, vard-Yale football game; but both are possi- when there appeared a book in which we have ble with sufficient practice. Nevertheless it discovered this identical line, buried in the is a pernicious habit to get into, this scatter- prose of a fictitious narrative. It is enclosed ing of one's mental energies; and we learn in no quotation marks, and the plagiarism has with approval that Professor Edward L. every appearance of being unconscious. The Thorndike, of Teachers College, New York, book is Anthony Trollope's “Miss Mackenzie," has invented a device for testing the child's and the passage occurs in chapter ten, where degree of mental concentration upon the read- Miss Baker conveys an invitation to the hero- ing matter placed before him for perusal. ine to attend a tea-party at Miss Todd's, at No repetition by rote is required of the which there is expected to be present, she reader, but the test is one of interpretation says, a Mr. Wilkinson, a clergyman.” Has rather than of memory. As was to be expected the world hitherto been conscious of the of one versed in the laboratory methods of double fame of this clerical gentleman ? educational psychology, Dr. Thorndike has It was 1915) 555 THE DIAL made his test severely accurate, even mathe- reformerz." With all the schemes now ferment- matically so, and there will be no rule-of- ing for the reform of our spelling, a person thumb rating of the young pupil's ability to might enjoy the privilege, if he chose to read intelligently. The subject is fully disclaim it, of writing his own name in as many cussed in the November issue of “ The Teach- different ways as it was the pleasure of Shake- ers College Record." speare and others of his time to write theirs. of ܪܕ a A DEFENCE OF FINE LIBRARY BUILDINGS is made by Mr. Adam Strohm, head of the COMMUNICATIONS. Detroit Public Library, in his current yearly SOME FURTHER REMARKS ABOUT BRYANT. Report. As is well known, that city needs and is hoping soon to have a new library (To the Editor of The DIAL.) building, plans for which are now under dis- “ Youth will be served," as Mr. Jack London has reminded us; and when it cannot be, one of its favor- cussion. Some of the citizens advise the use ite exclamations, a historic one, in fact, is, “ Go up, of a cheap material for construction; others bald head!" bald head!” In not these precise words, but in desire a palace of marble. The proper re- words to that effect, Miss Harriet Monroe (who, as joinder to the former class, Mr. Strohm the editress of “ Poetry,” the “ official organ believes is this: "Mean surroundings make the “new” movement, in the beginning communi- mean people; things of beauty cleanse our cated to it the principal propulsive power neces- hearts. True architecture, as any other artis- sary to its launching) addressed the venerable shade tic expression of the human mind, has a social of William Cullen Bryant at a notable literary function to perform in the liberal education gathering in the city of Chicago a few months ago. I chanced to be present, and the unexpectedness of of mankind. A building should be a dignified the attack, as well as its unwarrantedness — or and proper self-expression of its purpose and what I felt to be such — caused me to contribute of the spirit within; the revelation of one's to THE DIAL a communication in which I endeav- self is largely by the 'front' we make; our ored to show why Bryant, seeing that he pleaded modes of expression, our taste revealed and most eloquently for poetical freedom, should have good manners practised in public and in pri- been immune from such an onslaught. That Miss vate. 'Architecture is the work of nations.' Monroe has returned to the attack, the readers of Public statues, public buildings of charm and THE DIAL also know — and how. Not content with beauty are public assets —not extravagances.” condemning Bryant as a poet, she has stigmatized him as dishonest and double-dealing as a man. This and more in the same vein cannot but And when, in my turn, I have sought to refute encourage hope that the advocates of marble these charges, she has returned yet again to her may win the day over the advocates of con- self-evidently so-congenial task, and endeavors to crete. Ill fares the city where automobiles still further blacken his reputation. accumulate and architecture decays. I do not propose categorically to examine and reply to the various "points" raised by Miss Monroe in her communication of November 15. FRENZIED FONETICS can scarcely hope to This is because the fresh “evidence” she presents displace our present spelling, however irra- is too flimsy in itself and too flimsily presented to tional that spelling may be. Attention has call for such procedure. For instance, Miss Mon- occasionally been called in these columns to roe's original attack upon the integrity of Bryant the amusing extravagances of the English was made upon the authority of a “New York periodical, “ The Pioneer of Simplified Spel- publisher” whom she did not name. When asked ing." Still more startling in its proposals for for his name, she confesses that he was not a the reform of our written speech is the little publisher at all. He was the late John Denison publication, “Fonetik Englic,” put forth by Champlin, who was aforetime in the employ of the house of Scribner and did for them much mis- Mr. Edward P. Foster of Marietta, Ohio. cellaneous editorial work. Now, for my part, I Mr. Foster is already known to many as the cannot accept the late Mr. Champlin as a court of inventor of "Ro” (a universal language) and last resort in such a case. Particularly, I cannot editor of its monthly organ, “World Speech.” because Mr. Champlin should have been one of His conception of phonetic English is illus- the last men to bring charges of editorial sins trated by the subjoined paragraph from the against Bryant. Miss Monroe quotes him as the little pamphlet explaining the merits of his chief author or compiler" of those two reference system; “Foloiq dhi kiy tu pronunsieen works,“ Cyclopedia of Painters and Paintings givn below wiy print paragrafs furst in ordi- and “ Cyclopedia of Music and Musicians," — two nary Englic speliq, and dhen, for komparisn familiar, and which I can testify are, in an edito- works with which I happen to have long been and praktis, in dhi propozd fonetik speliq. rial sense, not more shoddy than they are ram- Dhis method iz dhi awtkom ov yiyrz ov study shackle works honeycombed with errors alike of and diskucn, and korespondens widh speliq- | omission and of commission. The most pretentious 6 556 (Dec. 9 THE DIAL 66 claims were made for these works upon their ap- all rare birds poetically pursued, to a poet who, pearance; but how jerry-built they are can easily if the biographies and bibliographies are to be be ascertained by comparing them, critically, with trusted, has distinguished himself by many and Bryan's and with Grove's works in the same divers editorial and journalistic labors, perpetra- métiers. tions of prefaces, etc., etc. If one asks, Can such No,- I want something besides the casual chat- things be? I can only answer that they have been ! ter of the late Mr. Champlin as a basis of belief. The question of editorial ethics, upon which But even if I did not,- observe the sweet reasona- Miss Monroe animadverts, both directly and indi- bleness of Miss Monroe, who asks me to dismiss rectly, may be debated to infinity without ever the printed assertions of Bryant's publishers as getting anywhere, for the plain reason that no gov- examples of tergiversation and truth-stretching, erning canon has ever been established, nor can one and accept the garrulities of Mr. Champlin as gos- ever be. The words "edit" and "editor" are of pel! Observe it, furthermore, when, in her porten- an elasticity indefinable alike in latitude of inter- tous list of publications to which Bryant basely pretation and of practice. The nature, however, “sold his name and venerable portrait” for adver- of Bryant's editorial labors upon the “Library of tising purposes, we find two works that appeared Poetry and Song" we have his own and his pub- in 1879 — when Bryant himself died in June, lishers' statements for. No uncertainty — except 1878. One of these works, it appears, was pub- for the purpose of clouding the issue — exists lished by the house of Appleton and the other by regarding them. And if the writing of an histori- the house of Putnam,- two names which, as all cal Introduction extending to some 7000 words lovers of good literature are aware, still appear in did not, in connection with his general editorial the pages of THE DIAL devoted to publishers' oversight, up to the time of his death, of the body announcements. Perhaps there are old members of the work (which, as has been shown, was the of these firms yet active who can relate how the product of various pens), qualify his name to august shade of Bryant returned from the spirit appear upon the title-page of the “ Popular His- land — via the Society for Psychical Research, tory of the United States” as one of its authors, maybe! — to seal with them the iniquitous bar- I can imagine no reason why” not entirely fan- gains by which an unsuspecting public was yet tastical. I have been at some pains to trace out again to be flim-flammed ! the “ Publishers' Announcement” of this work, and I will, however, dwell for a moment upon this while it is a lengthy one it nowhere indicates just portentous, this so deeply damning, list of Miss what portions were to be contributed by Bryant Monroe's because it brings out one thing which is, or describes his share in the undertaking. And a I think, worth passing mention. It contains eleven peculiar thing remains to be noted in the prem- items, and with one exception these items are all ises. This “ History was published by no less a books devoted to things which with Bryant were house than that of Scribner — the house with which passions. As all students of his life well know, Mr. Champlin was so long allied and of which he was a devoted lover of nature, of the American Miss Monroe implies he was practically a part. landscape, and of flower and plant-life; he was a Now, if this work was so absolute and unblushing great lover of poetry; and he was a deeply relig- a fraud as Miss Monroe asserts and re-asserts, ious man. (Miss Monroe has referred pleasantly in how was it that Mr. Champlin could bring himself one of her communications to his “ pious puerili- to remain in the employ of a firm given to such ties.” Bryant was not pious,- he was strongly | pernicious practices? Why did he not revolt at and reverently religious; not in a puerile but in a the iniquity, and affiliate himself with more hon- thoroughly manly and unaffected way. Of course orable people? Let echo answer! this would disfranchise him as a new poet The preface to the second volume of this work, for the only religion of which so far I have found as I have also previously shown, definitely stated any traces in the “new” poetry is that of self- that its composition had been carried on under the worship. Bryant conceived himself as but the direct supervision of Bryant, and that he had humble vessel of a Deity Omnipotent.) From time scrutinized“ every line” in the proof as well. immemorial, illustrious writers have contributed But Miss Monroe alleges, on Mr. Champlin's say- prefaces or advised in the compilation or publica- so, that Bryant “scarcely glanced” at the proof- tion of works upon subjects in which they were sheets. As one of the advisers of the publishers, deeply interested; and it has remained for a one would think Mr. Champlin would have seen propagandist of the “new” poetry to first come to it that the preface was altered before it went forward with the unique charge that Bryant in out into the world. Why did n't he,- or else hold doing so was “ false to his vision as a poet. If his peace thereafter? the charge can be sustained, it occurs to me that Speaking of proof-sheets reminds me, moreover, we have had and still have an enormous number that Miss Monroe must herself be somewhat negli- of false poets among us! Really, one scarce knows gent in her inspection of those of the publication which ones may with propriety be read. Perhaps which she is believed to edit. Else how could she it were best, in order to feel perfectly safe, to ever have “let past” that thrilling “new” poem restrict ourselves to “ Poetry” alone. But even in a recent issue which, as has already been pointed then will we be secure from contamination ? For- out in THE DIAL, contains a surprisingly flagrant disturbing recollection ! — did not “Poetry" itself plagiarism from George Meredith? We are obliged, award (Miss Monroe being the deus ex machina, I in the first place, to feel sure that Miss Monroe, as believe) some time ago a Cash Prize, that rarest of an experienced practitioner of the ars poetica not " 66 1915) 557 THE DIAL 66 only, but one deeply versed in its representative ties, and they are the poems by which principally exponents, must be familiar with a poem so cele- he will be remembered, though he died at seventy- brated as “ Lucifer in Starlight." In the second two and his other productions fill many volumes. place, we must be not only sure, we must be Lamartine's Méditations (which include Le Lac) absolutely certain “hope to die” cross my appeared in 1820, and he continued to publish heart” - that so rigorous is her sense of editorial poetry for nearly a half-century afterward, but rectitude (as shown by her strictures upon Bryant) that volume is what he will live by. De Musset's that knowing the plagiarism to be present in the two masterpieces, the Nuits of May and of Decem- poem (let us call it one, for did it not appear in ber, he wrote in 1835, at the age of twenty-five — “Poetry”?) she would have suspended publication and failed to equal them during the twenty-two before allowing it to appear as an original compo- subsequent years of his career. So I might con- sition. We are therefore left in an embarrassing tinue, filling pages of THE DIAL with citations of dilemma,- from which we can only extricate our- names and dates, but it is, I conceive, quite un- selves by the inference that she was careless (as necessary. To some poets it is given to write their Mr. Champlin says Bryant was !) about the proof- most immortal verses at an early period, to others sheets! at a late one, to still others at an intermediate one, Yes,- we feel that must be it! For, if Miss while there are some few cases in which the high- Monroe had ever examined the proofs of this poem, est point is touched or approximated at all these must she not infallibly have forwarded them to intervals. That this is or can be in any way con- the inspired (if somewhat at second-hand) author strued as a reproach it has remained for Miss and requested a new, a truly “new," climacteric Monroe to assert in the case of Bryant. line? Assuredly! And at the same time she must John L. HERVEY. have pointed out how grotesque was the mar- Chicago, Dec. 4, 1915. shalling, as “ The army of unalterable law” of ONCE IN A BLUE MOON, “ Matthew” (Arnold) and “Waldo” (Emerson). For she must be vividly aware of the fact that (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) over half-a-century ago the former gave to the If the woman of to-day, and not Henley, had world two of the finest poems in free verse that written “ Invictus,” her version of the first stanza any language can boast; while the latter's entire would have been: influence (which was and still remains the most “ Out of the night that covers me, powerful ever exerted by an American writer) has Black as the pit from pole to pole, I thank whatever gods may be ever been an incitement to revolt against “art For my uncomfortable soul.” made tongue-tied by authority," and life as well. I would like to add a word regarding another Though why go afield to find the gods? Mr. H. W. accusation against Bryant by Miss Monroe which Boynton is closer at hand. For it does n't happen she made in a previous communication to THE often — just once in a blue moon Dial, and repeats in her latest one,- that he is in presents so penetrating a diagnosis of a case as his article, “ Just a Nice Story," appearing in some manner most abysmally culpable because his two most famous poems, " Thanatopsis " and " To THE DIAL for November 25. To be sure, we had a Waterfowl,” were written, the one at the age of all known there was something wrong with our nineteen and the other at that of twenty-one, and fiction the last century or two, but it is only he never afterward surpassed them. Poor Bryant! recently that we have tried to find the cause. Not only his faults (?) but his misfortunes are Mr. Garnett began by pointing his finger at us thus made to condemn him! For it is the general and saying, You are to blame over there in Amer- misfortune that poetical inspiration, at its highest, ica; and Mr. Wister answered, No, not all of us cannot be turned on and off like the stream from only the critics and Harold Bell Wright. Almost a faucet,- to use the simile of George Sand re- simultaneously, Mr. Boynton and Mr. Nicholson garding the easy flow of her limpidly perfect prose stepped forward, the former making a strong and the absolute control of it that she possessed. defence of the critic, the latter declaring that there As a poet himself has written : was almost hope for the rest of us, and both “Alas! not always doth the breath of song asserting rather triumphantly that they had never Breathe on us. It is like the wind that bloweth heard of Harold Bell Wright. Now, just as Mr. At its own will, not ours, nor tarrieth long; Henry Sydnor Harrison is ready to assure us that We hear the sound thereof, but no man knoweth not only are matters not so dreadful as they seem From whence it comes, so sudden and swift and strong, but they are even much better than that, Mr. Nor whither in its wayward course it goeth.” Boynton, despite his broad tolerance of what he If Bryant lived long thereafter and never ex- calls the silly and wonderful time of youth, insists celled the poems of his youth, he is merely in the that things are bad after all. And whose is the same boat with a host of other poets of renown. fault? It's woman's. (Thus does history repeat Poe, for instance, claimed to have written “ To itself.) Helen " at the age of fourteen, and “ Israfel” at And woman's soul will surely be filled with a twenty. He lived on to forty, but they remain his divine discomfort, for she must realize that what high-water mark. Rossetti composed the one poem he says is unequivocally and unfalteringly true. with which his fame is inseparably connected, To begin with, she did not know any better. As “ The Blessed Damosel," at nineteen, and lived on for the last decade, or decade and a half, she has to fifty-four. Swinburne published “Atalanta in been so busy trying to know better that she has not Calydon” and “Poems and Ballads” in his twen- ' stopped long enough to give herself time to think. that anyone 558 [ Dec. 9 THE DIAL She took her first plunge into literature, or cles where she could say, within parentheses, " the pseudo-literature, in her early years of pig-tails italics are mine," or use expressions like Kultur or and freckles. She was not taught, as babes are élan vital. Now she was ready to sit up to the now, to lisp glibly, “ The sea gives her shells to table with her elders, and share the game course the shingle, The earth gives her streams to the and the cheese. As a sign that youth and senti- sea”; instead, she had to discover things for her- ment and romance were left forever behind, she self. In a big dusty attic she pulled an old trunk stole up to the attic and locked the trunk and out of its forgotten corner, and there she stum- shoved it back against the wall of the alcove. The bled upon her first copy of “Little Women.” Not key is still on the nail in the second rafter from even in these later days, when she has specialized the window. It may be rusty now. and gone in for thrills, has she found anything to And that brings her to the stage where she is at equal that glorious moment when she gloated over present. So much happened while she was still the prospective feast in its pages, while imagina- reading (dare we say it?) the Elsie Books, that she tion ran riot and hope was young. She cried over would never have caught up at all if she had not the chapter where Beth had the scarlet fever, and decided to jump the middle ground. Even at that would not read it to the end that day, thinking she does n't think. There is n't time. Miss Ida that if Beth must die she could at least postpone Tarbell knows her, and in her new book, " The knowing about it as long as she would. Once or Ways of Woman," she calls her a culture-chaser. twice she did wonder if this was the kind of tale It is she and her sisters, according to Miss Tarbell, that grown-ups read, but when she reached the “ who can be depended upon to fill a theatre at ten part where Jo married Professor Bhaer instead of or eleven in the morning to listen to a lecture on Laurie all her doubts vanished. For she knew that Peace or the Cancer Cure, Suffrage or Tagore, anything so grim as that could be nothing short Radium or the Panama Canal. It is they who are of literature. And we warn Mr. Boynton that it the instant ally of any cause which is new and it would have been a fatal hour indeed for him to is they who will stay by as long as the campaign have been on hand just then to tell her that what is exciting — or until something more exciting she was reading was only a sweet pretty story. looms in sight." Mr. Galsworthy must have met In the trunk were old “ Youth's Companions” that her last year, for, even far more effectively, he were musty and yellow and ragged. She liked describes her thus: “ There was in her blood that especially the picture of the Blind Brother from which bade her hasten, lest there should be some- the file of '87. The series was broken, so she thing still new to her when she died. . . What with never found out if he ever escaped from his prison travelling in new countries, listening to new in the mine. Another favorite was Bet and Her preachers, lunching new novelists, discovering new Family" — the ten commandments, poor Bet being dancers, taking lessons in Spanish; what with the first and Ruth the eleventh and the obstreper- new dishes for dinner, new religions, new dogs, ous brothers the other nine. new dresses, new duties to new neighbours, and There was also a volume of Keats's poems which newer charities — life was so full that the moment she read a year or two later. By mishap or fine it stood still and was simply old life,' it seemed lack of discrimination she skipped completely his to be no life at all.” And in writing of her, no “ Ode on a Grecian Urn” and “La Belle Dame doubt Mr. Galsworthy and Miss Tarbell, like Mr. sans Merci," and consequently decided that on the Boynton, had in mind all ladylike gentlemen as whole he merely tried to soothe the cares of men well. by adjectives, ornaments, and sweets. “ The Pot Perhaps some day she will tire of looking at of Basil" seemed too wormy by half, and almost things as they are, just as she tired of looking at everything else of his she read she secretly thought them as they are not. Perhaps some day she will was lush. But she never dreamed of confiding her crawl under Mr. Boynton's barbed-wire fence and opinions to anyone, for the school of criticism discover the world of true idealism and know “ the which dogmatically decries all poetry written stuff of which manly life and manly imagination north of 1890 (or is it 19107) had not yet come are made." Perhaps she will want to come back into its own; or, if it had, she was young and to hear more about things as they were. Think innocent and did not know of it. of the transformation there will be, as a result, in It was Carlyle who did for her what poetry had fiction and literature and life! But why be opti- failed to do. One day she heard some chapters mistic about it? Things like that seldom happen read aloud from “ Past and Present." Those out of books — only once in a blue moon. brief snatches of cursory reading led her to think ALMA LUISE Olson. of him as one of the great army of hewers of Chicago, Dec. 2, 1915. wood and drawers of water, rather than as an MORE ABOUT DIPHTHONGS. author; it was a pick-axe that he held in his hand, and his shaggy head — she knew it must be (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) shaggy - towered godlike above his fellow-workers Will you permit me to say, in reply to your cor- while his Blesseds and Thrice-Blesseds were heaped respondent, Mr. Wallace Rice, that the remarks lavishly upon even a Gurth, born thrall of Cedric. which he quotes from my “ Essentials of English She herself grew three inches while she listened to Speech and Literature were written to bring out the words. Literature with power had cast its the fact that, in the view of the National Education spell over her, and she could never be the same Association's Committee on Phonetics, the diph- after that. She longed to read, or even write, arti- | thongal characters of the digraphs ch, ng, sh, th, 1915) 559 THE DIAL and zh, would be better indicated by ligatured sym- find him turning first of all to the official exposi- bols than by the plain letters. tion of that alphabet on pages 2195-2197 of this Mr. Rice asks: “What can Dr. Vizetelly mean important work. when he calls sh, ng, th, and zh diphthongal? .. I turned to these pages, and the reason was The four sounds mentioned (really five, since th immediately evident why the good Doctor pre- stands for two different consonants) are monoph- ferred to quote from other sources. Here, where thongs.” the inventors and demonstrators of the Scientific Perhaps Mr. Rice has overlooked the fact that Alphabet are engaged in its official exposition, one one of the meanings of the word “ diphthong” is a may find it said of ng, "the elementary palatal combination of two consonants in one syllable, espe- nasal sound in sing, sang, sung"; of sh, “the ele- cially such intimate unions as those of ch and dg or mentary sound closing in rush, opening in she”; j (dz), in "church," “ judge," etc. And as for of the sonant sound of th, “ the elementary sound calling the symbols monophthongs, has not Mr. of th in that”; of the surd sound of th, “the ele- Rice forgotten that a monophthong is a single mentary sound closing in myth, pith, opening in vowel sound, a vowel digraph, or two written thin, think”; of zh," the elementary sonant cor- vowels pronounced as one? As this is the meaning responding with sh." In other words, the highest which the word has had for nearly three centuries, exponents of the characteristics of the alphabet it would ill befit me to misuse it as Mr. Rice has upon which Dr. Vizetelly is expatiating contradict done. him absolutely on every point of his contention. Mr. Rice asks what can I mean when I call the But why did he not take their word for it? They symbols referred to diphthongal. He will find the know. answer in a standard work issued under the editor- But I was at a loss to understand why, when I ship of the late Dr. William T. Harris: had said in my original communication that.ch is “CH. This digraph has three sounds as follows:- usually a consonantal diphthong, Dr. Vizetelly (1) The more frequent sound is diphthongal .. as in should have felt it necessary to quote further chin." authority upon it, until I realized that it was for “NG. The ng at the end of a word is really diph- thongal.” the purpose of self-refutation; of course, if, as he “SH. The description by Brücke seems more accu- says in his book,"most phonetists analyze this rate, which makes it to be a composite element, con- sound as a combination of t and sh," sh must sisting of an 8 sound .. and a breath sound .. like the itself be a simple sound — had it diphthongal German ch in ich." quality a consonantal triphthong would result. “TH. This digraph is used to represent two lingua- The quotation citing Brücke is quite beside the dental fricative sounds : a surd and a sonant." question; as a standard work issued under the “ZH. In some words, & takes a sound (zh) which editorship of the late Dr. William T. Harris," is the sonant correlative of the surd sh; as in azure Webster's New International Dictionary,- ob- developed by fusion of a proper 2 with a following y sound.” serves, “it is regarded as a simple element," nor does it require much phonetic knowledge to know In addition to this, the work referred to, before that composite consonants and consonantal diph- discussing these symbols, which it classifies as Diphthongal Consonants," says: “ Certain con- thongs are not the same things,- as where the authority just quoted states of ng, the sound is sonant sounds are composed of more simple con- composite, but not compound.” On page xlvi of sonant elements so blended that the product is the same work may be found the statement: “A properly described as diphthongal." consonantal digraph is a combination of two con- No one regrets more than I that Mr. Rice disa- sonants representing a single sound, as sh in she, grees with me that is his privilege, and far be it zh in azure, ng in sing," while the New English from me not to wish him all the comfort and satis- Dictionary (Vol. VIII, p. i) speaks of “the simple faction that he may get out of it. consonants, sh, zh." FRANK H. VIZETELLY. Where Dr. Vizetelly obtained his remarkable New York City, Nov. 26, 1915. statement that “the ng at the end of a word is really diphthongal," I cannot surmise, and I should (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) like to have the citation in full. The practically After stating that “ every one of the great dic- unanimous opinion of phonetic scholars is set tionaries has decided that the sound of these letters forth in the Century Dictionary (p. 2423) thus: [ng, sh, the two sounds of th, and zh] is diph- “ With the digraph ng is written the nasal which thongal," it is interesting to find Dr. Vizetelly corresponds to g and k in the same manner as mentioning as sole authority for his statement a n to d and. t, or m to b and p, and which (for book which rer ins anonymous, except for the example, in singing) is just as much a simple fact that it is “ a standard work issued under the sound as n or m.” See, too, p. xlii of the New editorship of the late Dr. William T. Harris,” who International, in which m, n, and ng are treated was not a phonetician. Since his declaration was as similarly simple sounds; p. lii of the same, a portion of a passionate apology for the Scientific where it says, “ The digraph ng represents a nasal Alphabet of the National Educational Association, consonant sound," Vol. VI, part 2, p. 1, of the and the Standard Dictionary is not only the chief New English Dietionary, “ Before the sounds (g) exponent of the use of that signary in English but and (k) the letter n is also employed in English to also a lexicon with which Dr. Vizetelly was inti- denote a nasal with back tongue closure," or the mately connected, it would have been natural to article on Phonetics by Mr. Henry Sweet, in the 66 560 [ Dec. 9 THE DIAL ized as Encyclopædia Britannica, Vol. XXI, p. 467, or the New International, the Century, the Standard, Alexander J. Ellis's “ The History of English the Concise Oxford, the Imperial, Stormonth's, or Speech," or Mr. Sweet's “History of English Worcester's Dictionary, which are all I have had Sounds," or Dr. Alexander Melville Bell's “ Prin- time to consult. ciples of Speech," p. 230, where ng is character- Finally permit me to observe that if Dr. Vize- “this simple elementary sound.” It is telly will acquaint himself with the earlier para- perhaps permissible here to say that ng was graphs of "A Primer of English Sounds," by Mr. recognized as a simple sound by our Teutonic Henry Sweet, most eminent of living phoneticians ancestors several centuries before Christ, and a in English, he can by personal experimentation rune provided for it. with his own vocal organs satisfy himself that the It is rather pitiful to find Dr. Vizetelly quoting five sounds under discussion are all simple con- in support of his position such a statement as sonantal sounds; I did, - forty-five years ago. that the digraph TH “is used to represent two WALLACE RICE. Chicago, Nov. 29, 1915. lingua-dental fricative sounds: a surd and a sonant," and italicizing words to mislead his read- IMAGISM AND PLAGIARISM. ers further; it is as if he had said, “ John and (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) William are individuals," and concluded, “there- fore each is twins." The Century Dictionary Surely you do not mean to accuse Mr. T. S. sums up the uniform consensus of opinion when Eliot of trying to "put something over" when, in it says on p. 6145: “ With h, t forms the digraph your issue of November 25, you use the unfortu- th, which has the position and importance of a nate word “plagiarism ” in connection with your fully independent element in the alphabet, with a discussion of his recent contribution to “ Poetry.” double pronunciation surd and sonant (or breathed I read the poem in question when it appeared; and voiced): surd in thin, breath; sonant in this, and, in common with you, I recognized the line, breathe — both as strictly unitary sounds as t and “ The army of unalterable law," as the last line d, or s and z." The New English Dictionary, of Meredith's “ Lucifer sonnet. It seemed to Vol. IX, p. 241, notes that “Th . . is a conso- me then, and seems to me now, a rather neat trans- nantal digraph representing a simple sound, or position. The thought never entered my naive rather .. a pair of simple sounds, breath and brain that Mr. Eliot (who is, by the way, entirely voice," and in Vol. X, p. 1, “ Th is a consonantal unknown to me personally) could have supposed digraph representing two simple sounds." These that the line would be regarded as anything but a two simple sounds, it may be added, were recog- quotation. I could as easily fancy a man trying nized as such by the Anglo-Saxons, who gave them to palm off as his own such phrases as “justify separate letters in their alphabet, which persisted the ways of God to men,” “I shall not look upon until the Norman Conquest. his like again,” or “ To be, or not to be: that The quotation regarding zh is also beside the is the question.” Plagiarism is the corrupt at- question. Dr. Vizetelly chooses to be unaware tempt to pass off as one's own the work of another that sounds developed by fusion may nevertheless writer; there is no possible relation between it be simple sounds, though nothing is more common and Mr. Eliot's employment of a great and world- in phonetic history. Instances in English abound, famous phrase in a position where the reader's and in nearly all other languages which have recognition of it as a quotation is precisely the engaged the attention of scholars. Of the sound effect aimed at. in question it may be sufficient to quote the Cen- Genuine plagiarism is a rare vice; it generally tury Dictionary again, which says: “ SH. A occurs in regions where the reward for successful digraph representing a simple sibilant sound akin stealing is considerably higher than any reward that the poet is likely to get. to S... ZH. The corresponding sonant to our other sibilant (written in this work with zh, after ARTHUR DAVISON KE. the example of sh)”; or the New English Diction- Davenport, Iowa, Dec. 1, 1915. ary, which says: The simple consonants, sh, zh"; or the New International, where we find [It has always been an elementary law of “sh is reckoned as a simple consonant; zh is the literary ethics that quotations must be enclosed voiced correlative of sh"; or Dr. Bell, who speaks in quotation marks, or otherwise plainly ac- of sh as “this element" and of zh as “this ele- knowledged; and the writer who fails to con- ment” (pp. 215, 220); and the Standard Diction- form to this law cannot justly escape the ary as cited heretofore. charge of plagiarism. Of course exception is Dr. Vizetelly seems not to appreciate the deli- commonly made in the case of such phrases as cate compliment I paid him in the use of the those mentioned by Mr. Ficke, which have word monophthong, by following his use of the become counters of our literary currency, word diphthong in speaking of consonants. He worn thin by universal daily use. That Mere- has done me the honor to look the former up in dith's line is not of this class is sufficiently the dictionary; if he will do himself the justice of also looking up the latter he will promptly proved, if proof were needed, by the fact that withdraw his statement that “one of the meanings it does not even appear among the ten or of the word diphthong' is a combination of two fifteen thousand fifteen thousand "familiar quotations ” com- consonants in one syllable” — at least, no such prised in the latest (1914) edition of Bartlett's meaning attaches to the word in the New English, ! standard reference book.— EDITOR.] 1915) 561 THE DIAL tune left him without the capacity for emotion The New Books. required of the poet (p. 92). The other caused him to lack the real courage needed for great adventures in literature as in life: NEW VIEWS OF STEVENSON.* “with all his writing he took the road of least It has been lately held by some writers that resistance, the road of limited horizons; be- interest in Stevenson is waning. The number cause with all his desire for romance, his of books and articles relating to him still desire for the splendour of the great life of constantly issuing from the press, however, action, he was by physical delicacy made seems to indicate that the reverse is true. In intellectually timid and spiritually cautious.” addition to the volumes named below, another This, then, is the theory we are asked to biography of Stevenson for the young and a accept with regard to one whom we had been reprint of Mr. Clayton Hamilton's articles accustomed to think of as having earned his on Stevensonian localities from “The Book- niche, though not a lofty one, in the temple man are among the recent announcements. of fame. Is it true? Is oblivion for Steven- All of these together lead us to infer the wide son, after all, inevitable? Was so much of range of readers who continue to find enter- his work, after all, mere craftsmanship? To tainment in Stevenson's works. answer these questions fully would perhaps To genuine lovers of Stevenson, Mr. Mr. require a volume; here we can only set down Frank Swinnerton's well written book will our dissenting opinion. come as a great shock. It seems that their It seems to us that this book well illus- faith has been misplaced, — that Stevenson trates Arnold's remark that the critic requires was not, after all, what they took him to be. a very delicate poise. The least obstruction Mr. Swinnerton's opinion is disparaging at between him and his object may tend to throw almost every point. According to him, Steven- him out of balance and distort his view of son's only enduring book of travel is “In the distant objects,— as in Poe's story of “ The South Seas”; his essays are merely specimens Sphinx." We do not question Mr. Swinner- of style, with finesse but without vigor; his ton's full knowledge of Stevenson's works; we poems will not endure because they are lack- do question, however, his attitude of mind ing in passion; his plays are shallow,—“it toward his author. He finds Stevenson tire- never occurred to him to put a real figure in some, and that very fact arouses suspicion as a play: he never supposed that a character to his temperamental qualifications for this in a play had any end but to be put back particular task. When one is tempted to into the box with the other playthings”; of write a book upon a tiresome writer, one his short stories only five are really artistic; should perhaps stop and consider if one be of his novels and romances only “ Treasure “ called.” That Mr. Swinnerton was not Island” and “ Kidnapped Kidnapped” are worth while. called is amply demonstrated, it seems to us, To so little do the thirty-two volumes of the by his last paragraph. collected works (as arranged in the “Bio- One thing would seem certain: if there be graphical Edition ") come when Stevenson's so little art in Stevenson's work, if he be so work is sifted by the coldly critical Mr. entirely a decadent, if the unspeakable and Swinnerton! canny Scot and the timid invalid have so As for the rest, our critic gives Stevenson completely dominated his work, then he is credit “ for most admirable clarity": his bound very quickly to disappear from the romances “include occasional pieces of distin- horizon. For we can never get away from guished imagination, a frequent exuberance the fundamental canon that art is social: it of fancy, and a great freshness of incident takes two to paint a picture, the artist and which conceals lack of central or unifying his observer; two to make a book, the author idea and poverty of imagined character.” He and his reader; two to fashion a statue, the has great versatility of talent, and one can- sculptor and he who will behold with sympa- not contemplate the record of his writings thetic insight; and though the artist may be “without great admiration.” That is all. He unconscious of it, the critic is present before was a Scot and an invalid. The first misfor- and during, as well as after, the execution of * R. L. STEVENSON. A Critical Study. By Frank Swinner- the work. We may be fearful of Demos' ton. With portrait. New York: Mitchell Kennerley. qualifications for anything else than a place THE LIFE OF ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON. By Graham Balfour. Abridged edition, revised and illustrated. New York: Charles in a mob; but in the end it is Demos (at his Scribner's Sons. ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON. By Amy Cruse. Illustrated. best, of course) who rules us all. And after New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co. all, has not Demos given us (or restored to SAILOR AND BEACHCOMBER. Confessions of a Life at Sea, in us) Chaucer, and Shakespeare, and Scott, and Australia and amid the Islands of the Pacific. By A. Safroni- Illustrated. New York : Charles Scribner's Sons. Thackeray, and many another? There are Middleton. 562 (Dec. 9 THE DIAL 66 imperfections in the work of all of these; yet ambitious; they never attempt too much; in spite of their imperfections they survive and they easily and naturally portray many and continue to give us refreshment and even various moods. That Stevenson was not a inspiration. They are men like ourselves ; great poet may be freely granted; yet he had they were not always at their best; they grew the soul of a poet; he has enshrined the child as we all grow. Time has sifted their work: heart in verse which will live, we believe, for the less valuable part, though still included in generations; throughout even his prose will complete editions, is no longer known to the be found beautiful poetical passages, as for great body of readers; but the best is every- example where Kirstie says to Archie Weir: where known and read and loved. So it will “ Weel, Mr. Archie, there was a lad cam' be with Stevenson; and may it not be that a courtin' me, as was but naetural. Mony had come somewhat larger body of his writing will before, and I would nane o' them. But this yin endure than five short stories and two boys' had a tongue to wile the birds frae the lift and the books? We can only record our confident bees frae the fox-glove bells. Deary me, but it's belief that such will be the case. A century lang syne. Folk have deed sinsyne and been bur- from now some curious antiquarian may smile ied, and are forgotten, and bairns been born and at these lines and wonder who Stevenson was. got merrit and got bairns o' their ain. Sinsyne woods have been plantit, and have grawn up and If so, he is welcome; it will not be the first time a prophet has gone astray. are bonny trees, and the joes sit in their shadow, and sinsyne auld estates have changed hands, and The characteristics of Stevenson's essays, there have been wars and rumours of wars on the Mr. Swinnerton finds, are those of manner face of the earth. . And do ye no think that I rather than of matter." They owe their have mind of the bonny simmer days, the lang charm to the fact that Stevenson was often miles, o' the bluid-red heather, the cryin' o' the writing about himself, for he always wrote en- whaups, and the lad and the lassie that was tertainingly about himself. He was charmed trysted? Do ye no think that I mind how the hilly sweetness ran about my hairt ? ” by himself, in a way that the common egoist has not the courage or possibly the imagina- That Stevenson was not a dramatist we are tion to be." Yet where will one find a super- also quite willing to concede. While he had a abundance of the author's self in “ Pulvis et superb command of conversational style, he Umbra,” in "Talk and Talkers," in “Beg- was most at home in more leisurely narrative gars," in "Æs Triplex"! In these essays, at of the third person, in which he could intro- least, Stevenson rarely talks about himself. duce description when it pleased him. But Is it true that these essays give pleasure surely he and Henley were on the wrong merely because of their "knots," as Mr. Swin- track. It is not fair, of course, to impute to nerton implies, or merely because they are him either faults or merits for which Henley We can full of a commonplace moralizing which is may have been partly responsible. received with delight by the bulk of us com- only say that the plays do not convince us. monplace readers! We must confess to hon- The two phases of “Deacon Brodie” are not est doubts. We do not insist that an essayist's sufficiently distinguished; and while the vil- every idea shall be absolutely new or original; lain of the play could hardly be hanged on we do insist that he shall express it in a fresh the stage (it will be remembered that the real and stimulating manner, and that he shall be Brodie was hanged), yet the manner of his neither prosy nor narrow in his sympathies. taking off comes as an unwarranted surprise. And Stevenson generally meets these require- Beau Austin is too quickly convinced of the ments. errors of his ways to seem wholly natural. The poems Mr. Swinnerton pronounces to "A “Admiral Guinea " is too pious; the one excel- be failures because they were the work of a lent character in this play is the villainous Protestant Scot. This would also prove Burns Pew. Sir Arthur Pinero, in his address on a failure. Surely, however, Stevenson was not Stevenson's dramatic work, has probably said invariably the cautious, canny, theologizing the last word on this phase of the matter. Scot. As a matter of fact, with the possible Of the short stories, there are doubtless exception of "Our Lady of the Snows," the many opinions as to which are the best. Mr. poems reveal no traces of Protestant any Swinnerton thinks that “The Bottle Imp" more than of Catholic “theology”; and ex- and “ Thrawn Janet” are "the two most suc- cept for the second book of “Underwoods" cessful examples of Stevenson's art as a short- and a few Scotticisms here and there in his story writer”; and with this view we have no other verse, they might have been written by special quarrel. As for the others, to our an Englishman or an Irishman. In certain mind Mr. Swinnerton does not do justice respects we should pronounce many of them either to “The Sire de Malétroit's Door" or distinctly successful. They are not long and to "A Lodging for the Night.” The former 1915) 563 THE DIAL و It pre- seems to us the better, because fuller of inci- Mr. Swinnerton comes nearer to doing jus- dent and more climactic. Yet the latter, far tice to “Weir of Hermiston,” in which he from being “a piece of labored artifice," is to rightly thinks that “Stevenson reached the us true and convincing. Perhaps Mr. Swin- | height of his powers as a realistic novelist.” nerton fails most conspicuously in his treat- Nor does he need to except from his praise ment of “ The Pavilion on the Links," which Frank Innes, "the novelists' hireling profes- he thinks Stevenson did not first imagine, but sional seducer.” The mere fact that such planned in cold blood. “If I look for emo- characters occur elsewhere should not prevent tion in the story,” he says, “I find none. If I us from recognizing the naturalness of Innes. look for an aesthetic idea I find none. Can True, "continuity of narrative there is none" it be that he is incapable of perceiving either? but is there much more in “Adam Bede For both are there. Every one of the chief or "Henry Esmond "? The outline of the characters is full of emotional stimulus; one projected conclusion, however terrifying to might almost say, even, that every character Mr. Swinnerton, would seem to warrant the furnishes an æsthetic idea. “The Beach of opinion that had Stevenson finished the story, Falesá” is likewise a captivating tale. The probably in a somewhat modified form, it author has admirably succeeded in the imper- would have taken rank among the few great sonation of his hero; the form seems to us novels of the nineteenth century. well adapted to the content; and not without In short, Mr. Swinnerton's book is to a reason have some called this story his best. considerable degree disappointing. With regard to the novels and romances, sents the extreme views of a hostile critic, Mr. Swinnerton's complaint is that Steven- which are quite as wide of the mark, it seems son's constructive power weakens. This can to us, as was the indiscriminate praise we hardly be said, however, of "Prince Otto," in used to hear. which there is no flaw. There is plenty of incident; the unexpected is constantly hap- Mr. Balfour's life of Stevenson, issued in pening; and the characters are sufficiently 1901, and reviewed in THE DIAL for Nov. 16 well motivated to pass muster. Our critic of that year, has now been republished in an thinks the theme too slight; we should be abridged form. The 548 pages of the original inclined to say that the result proves that it | two-volume edition have been cut down to is not. The theme is adequate. To call it a 372, partly by omitting foot-notes, appen- “doleful failure” and a “lackadaisical gim- dices, the South Sea map, and the index, crack" is to put oneself outside the pale of partly by a skilful cutting down of the text. serious criticism. The only important addition we have noted in “The Master of Ballantrae," which has the text is a paragraph at the end of Chapter been pronounced by not a few to be among VI, in which the author refers to the fact Stevenson's best, Mr. Swinnerton, on the that Stevenson's canoe trip in 1876 lay whole, condemns. How the introduction of through scenes now memorable for the battles Secundra Dass "ruins the book as a work of lately fought there, and quotes Stevenson's art,” however, passes our comprehension. remark that Landrecies “ was a point in the Secundra is obviously essential for the work- great warfaring system of Europe, and might ing out of the plot, and moreover himself adds on some future day be ringed about with legitimately to the interest by the mystery cannon smoke and thunder, and make itself a which he brings to the story. The critic fur- name among small towns." The chief addi- ther objects to the rambling course of the tions, however, are the thirteen illustrations, story, “its wilful attempts to follow the wan- all of which are new. To what was said of derings of a central figure so fascinating .. the former edition little need now be added. as the Master, its lack of framework and true The book has worn well, and has taken its body of character”; he finds Lord Durris-place among the worthiest biographies of the deer and Alison “truly no more than pup- last two decades. pets,” while even the Master sometimes is Miss Amy Cruse's biography is included no more than a collection of traits.” As for in the series of “Heroes of All Time”; here the first point, we had supposed that, given a Stevenson rubs elbows with Alexander, King plot of this sort, the central figure of which Alfred, Joan of Arc, Mohammed, Sir Walter wanders over the world, Stevenson introduced Raleigh, and William the Silent. That proper devices for enabling us to follow him. Stevenson was a brave man and a hero, none As for the other too sweeping criticisms, we will deny; but that he deserves such distinc- can only express dissent. No puppet could tion as this is perhaps more than most even fight such a duel as Henry fights; the fault is of his ardent admirers would claim for him. that at the end he plays too minor a part. The book is especially written for the young, 564 (Dec. 9 THE DIAL Theo birds' eggs. and on the whole not badly written. It is issued by Professor Matthews in the name of well illustrated. On p. 60, "Leslie Stevenson" the museum of which he is both creator and should be Leslie Stephen. suzerain, that here is shot with which to anni- Some interesting views of Stevenson are hilate ne amateur actor. However, since given in "Sailor and Beachcomber," from only three hundred and thirty-three copies of the pen of Mr. A. Safroni-Middleton. It is a these booklets are printed, it is doubtful if curious book, abounding in ungrammatical ex- either the “uplifters ” or the amateur actors pressions and with an occasional misspelling; ever place themselves within range of the yet the author has the poet's eye, and despite sound common sense regarding both play writ- the hardships through which he has passed, ing and play acting which is here presented. has never lost the feeling for nature pos- papers on acting" comprising the sessed by the true seer. At fourteen he ran new series of these publications are written away from home and shipped before the mast with a single exception by notable actors. for Australia. Thence, after various adven- The exception is the paper on Mrs. Siddons tures, he drifted to Samoa. His skill with by H. C. Fleeming Jenkin. Although it suf- the violin gave him unusual opportunities to fers by comparison with its fellows, it never- see all kinds of life. When he first met theless contains the surprising statement that Stevenson, the latter was deeply interested in an actor must be a creator rather than an “He had intellectual keen eyes interpreter, the humble author of the play and a sad emotional-looking face, and looked doing less for the actor than nature for the a bit of a dreamer." Later, on shipboard, painter. This is certainly the apotheosis of Middleton taught Stevenson something of the art of acting. Lest the vanity of the violin-playing. Perhaps the most interesting actor who may chance to read these words glimpse we get of Stevenson is at the bedside become even more inordinate than is its wont, of a little ill Samoan girl ; he “tenderly bent it is well to administer as an antidote the over the little patient, as concerned as though following quotation from Mr. George Moore's it were his own child, as he chuckled with his scintillating essay on “Mummer Worship" lips, and touched it softly on the chin with published some twenty-five years ago in a his finger playfully, till it actually looked up volume entitled “Impressions and Opinions": at him and gave a wan smile." No wonder “ An actor is one who repeats a portion of a Tusitala was venerated. Mr. Middleton's story invented by another. You can teach a child account of the missionaries, we regret to say, to act, but you can teach no child to paint pic- is sadly at variance with the views of them tures, or to write poetry, prose or music; acting expressed by Stevenson himself; yet the later is therefore the lowest of the arts, if it is an art at writer gives the impression of trying to be all, and makes slender demands upon the intelli- fair, and expressly admits that "some of the gence of the individual exercising it; but this age, best men are missionaries and sacrifice years being one mainly concerned with facile amusement of their lives in a hopeless quest." and parade, reverences the actor above all beings, and has by some prodigy that cannot be explained CLARK S. NORTHUP. by us, succeeded, or almost succeeded in abstracting him from the playwright, upon whom he should feed in the manner of a parasite, and endowing him with a separate existence — of necessity ephem- CLASSICS ON THE ART OF ACTING.* eral, but which by dint of gaudy upholstery and Of the four booklets on play making edited various millinery has been prolonged beyond due limits and still continues." and published by Professor Brander Matthews for the Dramatic Museum of Columbia Uni- There is more truth in Mr. Moore's ani- versity, it was said in THE DIAL (March 4, madversion than in Mr. Fleeming Jenkin's 1915) that “here is both solid shot and canis eulogium. Children do act tolerably well, and ter with which to rout the ardent enthusiasts acting does make slender demands upon the whose self-imposed task is to 'uplift' the intelligence in comparison with the other arts. drama." With equal truth it may be said of Not only do children act tolerably well, but the four illuminating papers on acting which also some amateurs; yet where is the ama- constitute the second series of the publications teur, unprepared for his task by years of preparation, who paints, carves statues, com- * PAPERS ON ACTING. Comprising: The Illusion of the First Time in Acting, by William Gillette, with introduction poses music, or even writes tolerably well? by George Arliss ; Art and the Actor, by Constant Coquelin, Mozart and Mendelssohn composed in child- translated by Abby Langdon Alger, with introduction by Henry James; Mrs. Siddons as Lady Macbeth and as Queen hood, it is true, but modern children cannot Katharine, by H. C. Fleeming Jenkin, with introduction by Brander Matthews : Reflexions on Acting, by Talma, with do any of these things acceptably; hence it introduction by Sir Henry Irving, and a review by H. C. is easy to accept Mr. Moore's contention that Fleeming Jenkin. New York City: Dramatic Museum of Columbia University. acting is a knack rather than an art. Mr. 1915] 565 THE DIAL more Moore is a literary man, however, and jealous that the actor is the creator, and the author a of the adulation bestowed upon the actor. mere element of less value to him than nature Like most literary men, he feels that after all to the painter. Unless the etherealizing ap- the play is the thing, and that the actor, with plause which he has received as an actor has the help of his salaried press-agent, gobbles anæsthetized his literary sense, Mr. Gillette - more than his share of the public's approval. notable both as actor and playwright - is in But the actor has a distinct advantage in that a position to judge impartially the relative he makes a personal and nightly bid for favor, importance of the actor and the dramatist. whereas his rival may appear trembling and These are his views : halting for a moment only in answer to cries “ Incredible as it may seem, there are people in for the author uttered at a single perform- existence who believe that they can read a Play. . ance. Seeing an actor in a part, the public The feat is impossible. No one on earth can read thinks of him as constituting the part; yet a Play. You may read the Directions for a Play without the words someone else has written, and from these Directions imagine as best you can there would be no part at all. Thus the actor what the Play would be like; but you could no receives the lion's share of the applause; and more read the Play than you could read a Fire or an Automobile Accident or a Base-Ball Game. because the public knows and loves him, his The Play — if it is Drama -- does not exist until name appears on the playbills in letters ten it appeals in the form of simulated life. . . So far times as large as those which herald the name as painted, manufactured, and mechanical elements of the poor author. are concerned there is comparatively little trouble. Acting is an art, however, although like To keep these things as much in the background as singing and playing an instrument it is in- they would appear in a simple episode in actual terpretive, not creative, and therefore on a life under observation — and no is the lower plane than painting, sculpture, creative most pronounced difficulty. But when it comes to writing, and the composition of music. the Human Beings required to assume the Char- acters which the Directions indicate, and not only order to discover the true relation of acting to assume them but also to breathe into them the to play writing, it is necessary to accept the Breath of Life — and not the Breath of Life alone testimony of an unbiased witness. This is to but all other details and elements and items of Life be found in the paper entitled, “ The Illusion as far as they can be simulated, many and serious of the First Time in Acting," contributed by discouragements arise." Mr. William Gillette. The most entertaining, This view makes of the dramatist something by far, of the four papers which constitute more than an element, since it at least credits the series, it is at the same time the most him with inventing the directions from which illuminating; for although it sparkles with a play is created. Moreover, a third factor humor, it is replete with common sense, and is admitted by Mr. Gillette to exist in the free from the grandiose acclaim of acting shape of the manager, who selects and guides found in the late Constant Coquelin's "Art the human beings required to assume the and the Actor." characters which the directions indicate. The “illusion " which forms the subject of Another element in the making of a play Mr. Gillette's paper he explains as the art of is the audience, which Mr. George Arliss, in knowing exactly what you are going to say his delightful Introduction to Mr. Gillette's and behaving as though you did not. “Al- paper, calls the “great stimulant.” Without an though," as he states, “every single item in a audience to view it, the author, the manager, play from the most important to the least and the actors are still obliged to imagine as important be successfully safeguarded, there best they can what the play will be like. It yet remains the Spirit of the Presentation as is the author, however, in spite of all the con- a whole. Each successive audience before tentions actors may make to the contrary, who which it is given must feel that it is wit- conceives the play, and by his directions indi- nessing, not one of a thousand weary repeti- cates the way in which it shall be interpreted. tions, but a life episode which is being lived Moreover, good acting cannot redeem a bad just across the magic barrier of the footlights. play, and bad acting cannot wholly destroy That is to say, the Whole must ve that the dramatic power of a good play. If a play indescribable Life-Spirit or Effect which pro- is truly dramatic, its performance by a com- duces the Illusion of Happening for the First pany of tyros will hold an audience, and if it Time." is undramatic even an “all star" cast will not It is the creation of this illusion of the first prevent it from boring those who witness it. time, the imbuing of a play with "that inde- The author, therefore, is surely the creator, scribable Life-Spirit,” which makes acting a the actors being merely the interpreters. fine art. Yet this is no answer to the late “It is easier to detect a flaw in the actor's Mr. Fleeming Jenkin's appalling contention impersonation," the late Sir Henry Irving the 566 (Dec. 9 THE DIAL maintains in his Introduction to Talma's TRIUMPHS OF GERMAN STATE SOCIALISM.* "Reflexions on Acting," "than an improba- bility in a book.” If the noted English his- It was to be expected that the most sat- trion means to suggest that an audience will isfying of the many "interpretations” of accept improbability in a story, provided the Germany which have been thrust upon the story holds its interest, his statement is true, reading public of late would be contained in a dulness being the one flaw in a play an audi- book written not only in large part before the ence will not tolerate. The true relation of war began, but “as though there were no the actor to the author is best set forth, how. war.” Mr. Frederic C. Howe, the author of ever, by Talma. "Associated with great great the volume in mind, has been for a quarter of authors," he says, actors are to them more a century a student of, and for a decade an than translators. A translator adds nothing occasional writer upon, German affairs. He to the ideas of the author he translates. The has explained for American readers the in- actor, putting himself faithfully in the place tricacies of German municipal government, of the personage he represents, should perfect and has called attention forcefully to Ger- the ideas of the author of whom he is the man principles of taxation, education, and interpreter." The italics are not Talma's. social insurance. He has even written a book They are intended to accentuate the fine dis- on the Germany of America, — the state of tinction he draws between the translator and Wisconsin ! the interpreter. The one merely conveys a In “Socialized Germany,” Mr. Howe has meaning, while the other explains and ex- attempted a somewhat searching analysis of pounds it. German social statecraft in the many phases Whether an actor should experience emotion which it has presented since the establish- while acting or merely present his studied ment of the Empire. At the outset he con- impressions is a question answered differently fesses to a strong affection for the German by actors differing temperamentally. "An people, a pronounced liking for the cities of actor needs not to be actually moved," says Germany, unbounded respect for the German the late Constant Coquelin. "It is as un- educational system, and admiration for the necessary as it is for a pianist to be in the Empire's unmatched social legislation. depths of despair to play the funeral march is his conviction that, at least until the war of Chopin or of Beethoven aright.” A con- began, the German was better off than any trary view is held by the great Talma. “ The other man in Europe, if not in the world. inspired actor," he holds, "will so associate His country was more intelligently organized you with the emotions he feels that he will than were other countries, while he himself not leave you even the liberty of judgment; was better protected in his daily life, better the other, by his prudent and irreproachable prepared for work, more efficient, and more acting. will leave your faculties at liberty to happy than anybody else. The conviction is reason on the matter at your ease. The expressed, further, that at the outbreak of the former will be the personage himself, the lat- war Germany had just reached the beginning ter only an actor who represents that per- of her greatest achievements, and that had sonage." In a word, the one interprets, the not the war intervened, "the next generation other merely translates. would have seen her competitors in industry, Talma upholds the emotional rather than trade, and commerce out-distanced at an the intellectual actor. Yet all inspired artists, accelerated speed that would soon have left whether they be painters, musicians, authors, them far and possibly permanently in the or actors, possess the extreme sensibility rear.” Finally, it is affirmed that Germany he prefers to “profound intelligence.” In- may be expected to come off from the war, deed, it is the various means used by artists whatever the immediate outcome, relatively to express their emotions which differentiate quite as advantageously situated as she was one kind of art from another. Even acting is when she went into it. She will turn from something finer than the mere repeating, as war to peace with much of the preparedness Mr. George Moore would have it, of a por- with which she turned from peace to war; tion of a story invented by another; though and even now she is planning far in advance like singing it is an interpretive art. One is for the one, even as formerly she planned far inclined, however, to hold with Mr. Moore in advance for the other. And this brings that this age unduly reverences the actor at the author to his principal theses, namely, the expense of the dramatist, who, being a that Germany is what she is to-day by rea- creator, should in justice stand higher in the son of a new kind of social statesmanship, and esteem of the public than his interpreter. * SOCIALIZED GERMANY, By Frederic C. Howe. New York: H. C. CHATFIELD-TAYLOR. Charles Scribner's Sons. 1915) 567 THE DIAL that it is the features of this new statesman- There must be a wide extension of public ship that the United States and other coun- ownership, a greater control of the aggres- tries must take into consideration if they are sions of privilege and property, a big pro- to be prepared to meet the Germany which, gramme of social legislation, a change in our in victory or defeat, shall emerge from the system of education, and the exclusion of present conflict. privileged and business interests from the In a series of some twenty chapters, Mr. long ascendancy which they have enjoyed in Howe describes this new social statesmanship our political life.” The observation is offered to which he attaches such extreme impor- that it required the war to make this clear to tance. He discusses succinctly the characteris- Great Britain, and the hope is expressed that tics of the German constitution, the economic the United States may now be shaken from foundations of class rule, the essential lines her complacency as well. of recent economic progress, the theory and Mr. Howe is not a Socialist, and, granted extent of State Socialism, the state-owned that special privilege can be abolished and railways, the operation of canals and water- industrial freedom attained in other ways, he ways, the treatment of unemployment, social would have society continue to be organized insurance, education, sanitation, the govern- upon an essentially non-Socialistic basis. But ment and building of cities, municipal land- he would see an extension of state activity far ownership, housing projects, and a multitude beyond the limits yet attained in English- of other matters. In all of the activities which speaking countries. Again, he perhaps takes he describes, the measure of efficiency attained hardly sufficient account of the noteworthy is, by the common testimony of observers, extensions that have been made, even in our substantial; in some it is fairly phenomenal. own land, in the past ten or fifteen years. The unrelieved record of skilled achievement FREDERIC AUSTIN OGG. in public affairs which Mr. Howe sets down is likely, however, to pall somewhat; and the reader may be pardoned if he occasionally wonders whether, after all, the author has BACONIZING SHAKESPEARE.* been as keen to detect shortcomings and fail- "A history, review and critical study of ures (there must be some such !) as to gather both sides of the Bacon-Shakespeare Ques- up statistics and other evidences of success. tion.” Such is the wording of the advertise- It must be admitted that the German social ment that induced me, notwithstanding a firm and industrial system can easily be portrayed resolution never again to waste a moment's in a manner to make it appear very attrac- time on this "question," to take up the peru- tive, if not well-nigh ideal. The fatal flaw in sal of Mr. James Phinney Baxter's large and it, however, to the English and American way forbidding, though handsome, volume enti- of thinking, is the fact that the system is a tled “The Greatest of Literary Problems." product of, and is continually sustained by, a A more thoroughly misleading advertisement species of political absolutism. The advan- was never penned. The book is neither a tages possessed by the Germans have been history nor a review of the subject it deals gained at a cost which English-speaking peo- with, and anything more uncritical cannot be ples would refuse to pay,- a cost taken out imagined. In reality it is an undisguised and of individual initiative and liberty. All of vicious attack upon William Shakespeare and this Mr. Howe recognizes. Indeed, he frankly everything even in the remotest way con- declares for a badly managed democracy in nected with him (e.g., his birthplace, ances- preference to an efficient state of absolutism. try, home, education, character, biographers, None the less, it may be questioned whether commentators, etc.), and a deification of Sir the vitiating effects of German autocracy Francis Bacon. Mr. Baxter's book may be and bureaucracy have been adequately esti- divided into two parts. In the first part he mated, and whether the industrial democracy attempts to prove that William “Shakspere " of the country is really quite so splendid a of Stratford, an indifferent actor in a London thing as it is represented to be. theatrical company, did not write the “Shake- What Mr. Howe means by "taking into speare” works and, because of his illiteracy, consideration” the new, German type of could not have written them; in the second statesmanship is made plain by a paragraph he proves, to his own satisfaction, that Bacon in his preface. He means that other peoples, was the hidden author not only of the Shake- including Americans, will be obliged to aban- speare works but also of all the writings that don the old conception that the only business scholars and historians attribute to Marlowe, of organized society is to protect the indi- * THE GREATEST OF LITERARY PROBLEMS. By James Phinney vidual from domestic and foreign aggression. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. Baxter. 568 (Dec. 9 THE DIAL Kyd, Greene, Spenser, Peele, Burton, “and granted to certain publishers to print some others." In what follows I shall consider only of Shakespeare's productions: "It was not a few points in the first part of Mr. Baxter's necessary for the author's name to appear on book, for it is obvious that unless he can the Stationer's register." Yet on page 105 prove the first half of his thesis there is no he speaks of it as “a striking fact that this reason for giving the other even a thought. name is not found in the Stationer's Regis- Shakespeare is in possession, and he must be ters.” But Shakespeare's name does appear ousted rightfully and unequivocally before in the Stationer's Register. On August 23, we can consider another claimant for the title 1600, the Stationer's guild issued a license to of “Prince of Poets.” Besides, the latter por- print “ Two bookes . . Muche a Doo about tion of Mr. Baxter's book deals with crypto- Nothinge . . Kinge Henry the iiijth . . Wryt- grams, anagrams, symbolisms, cyphers, and ten by master Shakespere”: on Nov. 26, 1607, other mystical things, and that way mad- "A booke called. Master William Shakspeare ness lies. his historye of Kinge Lear"; and on May 20. In his attempt to dethrone Shakespeare, 1609, “A booke called Shakespeares Son- Mr. Baxter like every other Baconian nettes.” The license to print the first Folio proceeds in accordance with a definite rule, is too well known to be reproduced here. which may be formulated somewhat as fol- Mr. Baxter devotes a considerable portion lows: Traduce the actor-poet and his ances- of his book to proving that Shakespeare tors; harp on the filthiness of his birthplace “the actor was unknown to contemporary au- and his neighbors; run down the Stratford thors,” that very "little personal notice was Grammar School; reject as unworthy of taken of him," that “what was said did not belief every tradition favorable to the “Strat- identify him with the works which bear his fordian”; accept as incontrovertible fact name," and that “not one identifies the actor every tale that tends to besmirch his char- with the author of the plays or poems." We acter; put the worst possible construction on shall prove every one of these assertions every unexplained circumstance in his life; false. Shakespeare was very frequently suppress all documentary evidence that will spoken of by his , contemporaries, some of not fit into your theory; sneer at the com- whom even wrote adulatory poems to him. mentators and call them pedants”; pit one The evidence as to this, most of which is to biographer's conjectures against another's; be found in Ingleby's be found in Ingleby's “Centurie of Prayse," harp on the lawsuits in which Shakespeare Mr. Baxter suppresses or distorts. He selects figured as the plaintiff; exasperate the ortho- for quotation only such allusions and refer- dox Shakespearean by spelling the Strat- ences to the poet-dramatist about which there fordian's name "Shakspere"; and this above can be some doubt, such as Spenser's refer- all: exaggerate Olympus-high the knowledge ence to "Aetion" and to "pleasant Willy." of law, medicine, scripture, music, linguistics, The testimony of Chettle, in which, too, ornithology, botany, philosophy, psychiatry, Shakespeare is not named, he rejects (p. 80) angling, soldiership, astronomy, astrology, on the ground that Chettle was fat; Greene's horticulture, etc., possessed by the author of testimony is rejected (p. 79) because “ he died the Shakespeare works. Before we have read after a debauch of pickled herrings and many pages of Mr. Baxter's book, we are Rhenish"; and Heywood is disqualified as a assumed to be convinced that “Shakespeare witness on the ground that “we have no rea- the poet” was a high-bred gentleman, an son to assume that he knew anything about aristocrat, a courtier, lawyer, scholar, and the actor's real connection with the works philosopher of the first magnitude, and that which bear his name.” Jonson's testimony, “Shakspere the actor" was a "close-fisted, which identifies Shakespeare the poet with shrewd, unscrupulous, avaricious" boor, a Shakespeare of Stratford to a certainty, is coarse, ignorant, rude, unpolished, low- rejected because he was envious, got drunk, minded, boisterous, mean, litigious, lascivious, bragged about himself, fought a duel, and lecherous, and adulterous yokel, a frequenter employed invectives freely. The testimony of taverns and a professional gambler. (This of Heminge and Condell, the poet's friends, caricature of a man was chosen by Bacon as theatrical associates, and "editors," is got his mask!) Every now and then we are re- rid of by some hocus-pocus that is unintelligi- minded that while so-and-so was going on in ble to us. The inscription on the Stratford London the Stratfordian was plying his monument is not mentioned. "petty trade and overreaching his neighbors." The following brief references, not one of Let us examine a few of Mr. Baxter's argu- which is even so much as hinted at by Mr. ments and facts. On page 67 he says, quite Baxter, although they are all unequivocal correctly, while speaking of the licenses the licenses references to Shakespeare as a poet, are here 1915) 569 THE DIAL introduced as an indication of our author's Wilmecote Ardens. The remoteness of this fam- disregard for the truth. In 1598, Francis ily rendered interference improbable, but it might Meres accorded unstinted praise to “melliflu-prove troublesome, and so the question of an ous and hony-tongued Shakespeare" for his Arden impalement was dropped. The request, poems, sonnets, comedies, and tragedies, some however, for recognition was granted. This ir- regular procedure aroused criticism, and objec- of which he named. Webster, in 1612, eulo- tions were raised against it on the ground of gized “the right happy and copious industry legalizing an infringement, but nothing was done.” of Master Shake-speare." In 1614, Thomas The italics single out the more important Freeman wrote an extremely eulogistic son- net “to Master W. Shakespeare” in praise of sessed the scholar's spirit, and read the origi- errors in this passage. Had Mr. Baxter pos- his “plaies and poems.' The year after nal documents pertaining to this matter, he Meres's “Palladis Tamia” was published, John would have known that the 1596 application Weever wrote a sonnet praising “Honie- said absolutely nothing, directly or indirectly, tongu'd Shakespeare," and five years later about impaling Mary Arden's arms. The (1604) “An(tony) Sc(olloker), gentleman, " applicants made no false statement about her spoke of “friendly Shakespeares tragedies.” ancestry. The allegation in the drafts that In 1605, Camden included William Shake- she was the daughter of Robert Arden, speare in a list of the “most pregnant wits” Esquire," contains no falsehood. After (i.e., intellects) of the time. Barnfield, too, very careful study of this question, I can say wrote the praises of Shakespeare's "hony- that the poet's maternal grandfather was a flowing Vaine,” and in 1615 “Mr. Willi. descendant of the Ardens of Warwickshire, Shakspeare” was included in Stow's "An- being the son of Thomas Arden who was the nals” in a list of our modern and present excellent poets.” The dramatist is unequivo- therefore a “gentleman” and entitled to second son of Sir Walter Arden, and was cally spoken of as an actor by John Davies in arms. Shakespeare's application for heraldic a poem “ To our English Terence, Mr. Will: Shakespeare” who “plaid some kingly parts College of Arms, as I have proved elsewhere. distinction in 1596 was not held up by the in sport. Mr. Baxter's silence as to these After 1596 the poet and his father are almost important references is the more remarkable when we consider the fact that he does not fail always given the appellation “Master.” In 1599 the Shakespeares made no request for a to apply to Shakespeare a large number of recognition of the arms assigned in 1596, as unsavory and uncomplimentary allusions to unidentified and unidentifiable persons in the there was no need for doing so. What they asked for was the right to impale and quarter literature of the period, and to identify with their own the arms of Robert Arden of Shakespeare with ridiculous characters (e.g. Wilmecote. The heralds did not describe Crispinus, Sogliardo) in the dramas of his these arms in the draft, but in a marginal contemporaries, although some of these have sketch they show the following shield : Argent, been almost certainly identified with others a fess checquy Or and Azure. On the unas- (e. g., Crispinus - Marston). sailable authority of Drummond, Camden, Let us next give the reader an illustration etc., I can say that this escutcheon was prop- of how much or little — Mr. Baxter knows of the facts of Shakespeare's life. Regarding elder sons of the Warwickshire or Park Hall erly borne only by the descendants of the the poet's coat-of-arms (p. 34)- a subject to (not “Wilmecote") Ardens. As soon as the which he delights to refer on all occasions heralds discovered this technical error, they because some have said that the coat was ob- erased these arms and substituted for them tained “fraudulently” and that the transac- the following: tion was discreditable to all concerned” Gules, three cross-crosslets fitchee and a chief Or, with a martlet of the first for a difference. This has been called by "In 1596, another application [for armorial insignia] was made, coupled with a request for Baconians, and others who have not given the permission to impale the arms of Mary Arden, subject the study it deserves, the “Cheshire his wife. In this case a false statement of her Arden arms, on the assumption that it was ancestry was made, and so it was held up by the the coat peculiar to this family. As a matter heralds for three years. In 1599 another applica of fact it is absolutely certain that it was the tion was made requesting the recognition of the appropriate escutcheon for younger branches coat of arms of 1596, and the right of the grantee to impale . . the coat of arms of the Ardens of of the Park Hall Ardens, just as the fesse At least Wilmecote. At this the heralds again balked, checquy was for the older branch. realizing that this influential family would protest two Warwickshire Ardens, Sir Herald de against it; and, finally, an Arden family residing Arden and William, the youngest son of Sir in Cheshire was found bearing no relation to the Walter, bore the very arms sketched for Mary he says: . 570 (Dec. 9 THE DIAL Shakespeare in 1599. The arms of the Cheshire admission), that he was an actor (and there- Ardens were like those of the younger branch fore had to have the knowledge requisite to of the Park Hall Ardens because the two reading the script of his parts — there were families were related, notwithstanding Mr. no typewriters then), and that these four sig. Baxter's statement to the contrary. The natures differ so much from one another that action of the heralds was determined by a (to ordinary observation) they hardly look like desire for correctness, not by a venal motive. the writings of the same individual, and by No recognition was granted in 1599 because his showing (in a Table on p. 270) that in none had been asked for. The statement these signatures alone Shakespeare wrote that any irregular procedure in connection three kinds of i, of a, of h, of p, etc. An illit- with the Arden impalement had given rise to erate person such as Mr. Baxter depicts writes criticism and objections is not true. It was his name always the same, does not omit the because of the 1596 grant that the malicious connecting strokes between the letters (be- and envious Ralph Brooke preferred charges cause he does not know their importance), against his superiors. Mr. Baxter's statement introduces no innovations, abbreviations, that nothing was done in the matter is not signs of contraction, or fancy touches, and true either. Something was done. A special does not know several forms for each letter. commission was appointed to investigate the He writes always one and the same. Inci. charges against the College, and in 1602 the dentally, it may be remarked that Mr. Bax- commission reported that the Shakespeare ter's facsimiles are very bad, crudely traced, coat-of-arms had been rightly granted because blurred, blotted, the letters broken up, and John "hath borne magestracy and was Jus- are of no value whatever for the purpose for tice of peace at Stratford upon Avon, he which they are ostensibly intended. It is also maried the daughter and heire of Arderne worthy of comment that though Mr. Baxter and was able to maintaine that estate.” professes the greatest contempt for handwrit- Under the heading, "A Crucial Question,” ing experts (he is evidently not acquainted Mr. Baxter devotes a chapter of his book to with the admirably scientific work in this field proving that the Stratfordian was so illiterate done by such men as A. S. Osborn and the that he could barely write his name and that German graphiographers), he has absolutely therefore it was impossible for him to have no hesitation in calling as his witnesses such written the Shakespeare works. To accom- men as Wellstood, the secretary of the Birth- plish this marvel, our learned author pours place, Mr. Smedley, a Baconian, and others, if out the vials of his sarcasm on Mrs. Thumm- their testimony is favorable to his side of the Kintzel (who is a graphologist and not a case. But it is really unreasonable to expect a handwriting expert) for her analysis of the Baconian or anti-Shakespearean to be logical characters of Bacon and of Shakespeare from or consistent. In this matter of calligraphy, their handwritings, and for her attempted Mr. Baxter does not scruple to go even fur- proof that Shakespeare's will is a holograph, ther. Speaking of the Guildhall signature exposes the shallowness of Mr. Gervais and (he means the British Museum signature), of Mr. Pym (not "Pyne") Yeatman as hand- he says (p. 278), on the authority of Malone, writing experts, damns all handwriting ex- “Steevens acknowledged that he placed the perts - and then sets himself up as one! I a over the signature which has appeared in concede at once that Mr. Gervais was wholly most [? some) reproductions since. in error when he identified the MS. notes in the introduction of this spurious a which a certain volume of Montaigne's Essays as caused him to triumphantly declare that it being in Shakespeare's hand, that Mr. Yeat- was the trap which caught Ireland in his man has not proved his case, and that Mrs. forgeries.” Taught by previous experience Kintzel is not to be taken seriously. I also we refer to Malone's “Inquiry,” the edition of concede that Sir Sidney Lee and Professor 1796, and find that he has been misquoted. Wallace are not handwriting experts,— but On page 118 Malone says: “My engraver then, they never posed as such. Mr. Baxter's (sic — not Steevens) had made a mistake in assertion that the Shakespeare signatures on placing an a over the name," and on p. 121 the deed in the Guildhall Library, on the “Your Lordship sees that if Mr. mortgage in the British Museum, on the first Steevens and I had maliciously intended to page of the will, and on the Mountjoy affida- lay a trap for this fabricator (Ireland) to fall vit are the labored writings of a person who into, we could not have done the business had been taught to write only his signature is more adroitly. But you will readily acquit utterly disproved by his own admissions that us of any such intention.” young William attended the Stratford school Speaking of the autograph lately discov- (knowing how to write was a requisite for ered by Professor Wallace, an autograph he says: 1915) 571 THE DIAL > are. whose freedom from conventionality and rules of grammar and composition as he has whose extremely original terminal abbrevia- for persons or for facts. The book is execra- tion irrefutably demonstrate its owner to have bly written. A few illustrations will not be been a rapid and facile penman, Mr. Baxter amiss : One of the studies to which I de- makes the false statement that according to voted much labor and research, and prepared Professor Wallace the body of the affidavit | it for the press.' “ We will consider the and the deponent's signature are in one hand biography by Knight, which forms an entire and that we therefore now have “an entire volume of his edition of the Shakespeare page of his handwriting," -- an opinion that . an opinion that Works, who, to lend importance to his sub- that distinguished scholar never expressed and ject, which he realizes we know little about, that no sensible person ever could express.* devotes ample space at the outset to prove The autographs on the last two (not “two that he was of heroic extraction.” “A biog- last ") pages of the poet's will, and the words rapher may (with facility) dispose of impor- “By me," are rejected by Mr. Baxter as evi- tant questions .. and readers confused by a dence of the testator's skill in penmanship by plethora of verbiage.” “When visited on one assuming and pretending to be able to prove occasion by Cranmer, Hooker was found that in writing them the writer's “ blunder- reading Horace.” “We have a well-written ing hand” was guided by his attorney. In book devoted to the exploitation of the impos- this way Mr. Baxter "accounts for the strong sible theory that the play of Henry V." resemblance of these signatures to the hand- (published in 1598) "is an autobiography en writing of the will” — a resemblance which, détail of the Stratford actor, written, we are in fact, does not exist. Mr. Baxter finds in told, after the writer had 'shed tears of these signatures “all the earmarks” of having regret' over the untimely fate of Huth who been written in the manner he suggests, but wrote a life of Buckle” (who died in 1862). he does not inform us what these earmarks “Hamlet' .. was a youthful production “ Anyone who has ever given this sub- carried on his flight to London in his pocket.” ject any scientific consideration knows that a “We see her (i.e. Judith] as Volumnia in a signature written by a guided hand does portrait of Mary Arden, his mother.” “Hav- really have certain definite characteristics ing become dilapidated, John Ward, already (e. g. absence of curves, abrupt breaks in the mentioned, . . an actor, was in Stratford strokes, sudden changes in the direction of .. and conceived the idea of restoring it.” the strokes, variations in the size and in the Poor dilapidating John Ward ! shading of the letters, irregularities in align- SAMUEL A. TANNENBAUM. ment, misplaced shading, variations in pen pressure, evidences of hesitation and con- straint, zigzag lines, etc.; cf. Osborn's “Ques- tioned Documents") of which these signatures A CURIOSITY IN LITERARY HISTORY.* show not a trace. When a woman does anything amazing, prov- Mr. Baxter vents his spleen on all those erbial wisdom tells us : “ Cherchez l'homme.” who have done most to bring Shakespeare In the case of her “History of Italian Litera- and his writings home to us. Thus the late Thus the late ture,” Miss Florence Trail has herself gener- Dr. Furness, as gentle and lovable and accom- ously supplied the missing link. One of the plished a scholar as ever drew breath, is con- last chapters of her book is an eight-page stantly spoken of as a pedant, a "monumental eulogy of the clerical polygraph, Cesare scholar,” a chauvinist, a man who immortal- Cantù. This author, whose bulky literary ized himself by his folly, etc. Our author is baggage usually receives a scant paragraph in not even above such jejune puerilities as this: histories of literature, wrote too much to be “Furness, who for nearly forty years dis- accurate in anything: Like Margites of old, turbed the black-lead market by his demand“ he knew all things, but he knew them all for pencils to write his multitudinous notes.' badly." He was, moreover, blinded by relig- (Wonderful pencils to have been able to do ious prejudice. His “History of Italian Lit- that!) erature,” drawn from his “Universal History," Mr. Baxter has as little regard for the appears to be the vade mecum of the present 6 author. * While writing the above, I wrote to Mr. Baxter for his authority for the opinion he attributed to Mr. Wallace, and The following is Miss Trail's plan for her received the following reply: “I conclude that I have done an injustice to Prof. Wallace, for I find that he has expressed work: “ To those ( writers] of the first impor- an opinion that does not warrant my strictures, and that it tance I have devoted a biographical sketch and was the late Durning-Lawrence who declared them (the depo- sition and the signature] to be holographic. How I could have an analysis. Those of the second class are been so misled is explainable only on the hypothesis that it was by some one of the many reviewers who quoted the opin- By Florence Trail. ion of Lawrence and misapplied it." - S. A. T. Boston: Richard G. Badger. • A HISTORY OF ITALIAN LITERATURE. 572 (Dec. 9 THE DIAL represented by a biographical sketch and a declares that Petrarch's lady-love was Madame translation. The third class have only the Laura de Sade. "This object of his (Pe- sketch; and the fourth are mentioned in pass- trarch's) life-long affection was not only a ing, or in foot-notes.” Thus it appears that to married woman, but continued to live in peace Miss Trail's mind biography is of primary and happiness with her husband, and became consequence in literary history. Unfortu- | the mother of eleven children." And Madame nately, her “sketches are by no means always Laura de Sade receives the well-earned eulogy accurate, and rarely show any effort to estab- for her virtue. lish the relation between biographical details As for the analyses, they deal with well and literary production. Following Cantù, known works, and are rarely used to bring by whom never in a single instance is an out the distinctive features of the author's author's work separated from his character," thought. The translations are fair, sometimes she is at great pains to tell us that this man's happy; but, with the analyses, they seem life was blameless, this one's stained with meant to take the place of any general esti- immorality. She is rather too generous in mate of the author's contribution to the distributing the orange-blossom wreath of thought of his time or of his relations to others. purity. Suffice it to say that castae mores A large number of writers are "mentioned in were not as common in the Renaissance, for passing.” It would have been better to omit instance, as her account of certain authors them altogether, for the information given is would imply. This mania for shielding her scarcely more than could be found in a pocket heroes leads her into some strange interpreta- encyclopædia. tions. Thus she tells us that Dante's private It will be noted that Miss Trail says nothing life was wholly immaculate. (Cantù gave his about critical estimates in her plan. This unqualified approval to only two writers, - would seem to be the least important part of Dante and Manzoni.) Hence she is at a loss a history of literature. As a matter of fact, to understand the bitter reproaches of Beatrice such criticism as one finds is thrown out in the at the summit of the mountain of Purgatory. form of obiter dicta. The two examples which She interprets the “dark wood" at the begin- follow will perhaps spare the reader vain re- ning of the poem as “the moral and political grets. The first deals with Boccaccio (ana- disorder of Italy.” For her the three beasts thema to Cantù), who is accorded a “ sketch who obstruct the poet's passage are “envious and a brief statement of the subjects of his Florence," "proud France,” and “the Roman works. curia, whose supreme characteristic is ava- “It is most deplorable that the subject matter rice." The usual interpretation would give of these · Tales' has made it necessary for the these lines a direct bearing on the poet's per- literary world to relegate them to an ignominious sonal experience, the dark wood represents obscurity. Boccaccio is now known simply as the worldliness, and the beasts bad habits that author of a book which cannot be read: too prevent his reform. The old commentators immoral to be fairly criticised; too offensive for interpreted the latter as luxury, pride, and vituperation. The only endurable "Tales' are those of 'Lisa's love for King Alphonso,' and avarice; but the most modern view, which • The Marquis of Saluzzo and Griselda.'” would make Dante's meaning still more per- The second judgment is like unto the first. The sonal, is that the beasts represent incontinence, violence, and fraud. It will be remembered writer has just summarized a story of Ban- dello's in which a woman's virtue stands the that the wolf of incontinence proved the great- test. She concludes: est obstacle to Dante's progress. However it may be, few scholars contend to-day that the “ This story of the complete triumph of a brave, poet's errors were all intellectual. Cantù and ingh-spirited woman sets the ball in motion which is to produce the modern novel. It will not stop Miss Trail forget that to Dante's mind unchas- until it has completely annihilated all the Tom tity was a venial sin compared to heresy. Per- Joneses and the Roderick Randoms." haps they would exonerate him from both. A On finishing Miss Trail's book, we have but serious error in the interpretation of the poem one regret: if only she had simply translated is Miss Trail's statement that Dante "had not Cantù's “ History,” she would have amused us been guilty of the crimes of the Inferno, still more. but he has committed (as who has not?) the BENJ. M. WOODBRIDGE. sins of the Purgatorio.” Once more she for- gets that the sins punished are the same; only The first volume of an “ Oxford Treasury of failure to repent condemns souls to hell. French Literature," compiled by Mr. A. G. Another exasperating trait of Miss Trail's Latham, and extending from the Song of Ro- is the unreserved statement as fact of hypo- land” to the “ Memoirs” of St. Simon, is soon to theses which please her. For instance, she appear from the Oxford University Press. 1915) 573 THE DIAL " sessed by irresistible desires and acquiescing RECENT FICTION. in a commonplace round of affairs, on the With “ These Twain Mr. Arnold Bennett whole, quite as inconsistent and human as her emerges from his occupation with other mat- husband. ters and finishes, for the time being at least, Being married, and settled down in Bur- his great achievement, the “Clayhanger” sley, these two were, like many other mar- series. The completed work now stands up ried people, intent on their own particular in contemporary fiction something as a great business and their own particular desires, as cathedral stands up above a crowded town. well as on the life in common which is the It is unlike a cathedral in that it has very necessity of married life. Edwin is the little that is religious about it, but it is like it clearer figure — in fact the story is chiefly in that it is a great monument of popular told from his standpoint,—and his position life with one definite purpose and a thousand is plain: he is comfortably situated and details. One can spend an hour here or there wishes to remain so. The excitements and in looking at this or that piece of carving, bit enthusiasms and revolts of youth have passed, of sculpture, problem of architecture; or one and he has settled down into a prosperous can take in the unity of the whole. Mr. Ben- business man who has few desires beyond nett has already given us a book about Edwin business success and home comfort. Hilda is Clayhanger and another about Hilda Less- not so obvious, but whatever she is she is ways; this third gives us the union of the something altogether different from that. two. She is continually reaching out, and always The book has a unity in itself, and anyone seeing things that she wants more than the may read it with pleasure and comprehension things she has got. The two are in love - by itself. But of course it begins with what even, it would seem, when they passed Mr. has been given before. It is the same Edwin, Bennett's three-year limit, — but neither is so grown to manhood and still a boy in some much in love as to sympathize deeply with ways (just as Hilda is in some ways still a the other's desires or habits or ways of doing giri); he is, as before, cautious and hesitating or looking at things. yet managing to be successful, longing for ro- We might easily enough suppose that there mance yet resigned to an ordinary existence, is no more definite idea controlling the devel- grandiose in conception and slip-shod in exe- opment of this book than the conception of cution, making everything do while it would these very interesting characters in the given and waiting for things to turn up, timid and situation, and the willingness to have them proud, meditative and judicial, and yet gener- act in a natural and characteristic way. That ally saying, “ What does it matter?”—a rebel is enough for many a novelist. Tourgueniéff against authority yet outwardly apologetic, used to say, we are told by Mr. James, that vowing he would never again do what he was his idea was to think of interesting people, about to do the next day, wishing for adven- being sure that they would behave in an inter- ture yet devoted to his home and dependent esting way. That is an ultra-realistic view,- on its hundred minor comforts, undecided for it says, Whatever happens is a story. There months and acting on the spur of a moment's are people who seem to have some such idea impulse, - altogether a very inconsistent and to-day, especially those writers who devote human person. So, also, is it the same Hilda. themselves to telling the life-story of one or Not beautiful apparently, originally an “ugly another. On the other hand, however, there young woman and still with the same olive are those whose handling of their action is complexion and black hair and thick eye-controlled in some way or other. Some are brows, but always attractive, full of vitality, interested in the working out of some definite of a passionate vibrating voice, with sparkling course of events bound up in a mystery, or an eyes, making cheerily the most outrageous adventure, or an achievement. Some develop remarks that ever woman had made in the their course of events so as to present some Five Towns, hating Edwin for opposing her definite idea or theory. definite idea or theory. Mr. Bennett has not and understanding in a flash that he loved of late been one of those who cared much for her, a woman of most tantalizing psychology, a definite course of action; nor is he so in this only part woman in fact and part child, part his latest book. Nor does he as a rule use his sibyl, yet always tingling with life, bent on action as the form of an idea. In this case, having her own way because she knew better it is true, the action is definitely modelled by than he what was best, over-valuing what she a clear conception, and that conception a had not and depreciating what was hers, pos- fundamental proposition (it might seem) to married life. The first announcement of the By Arnold Bennett. New York: George book, and its title, show that it deals with * THESE TWAIN. H. Doran Co. 574 (Dec. 9 THE DIAL marriage. Incidents in the story, so far as But if anyone is inclined to see in the expe- they have anything to do with each other, are rience of Hilda and Edwin an interpretation illustrations or developments of this idea. of his own marriage (or possibly hers, though The end of the book is a discovery (by Edwin) the book seems written from the masculine of the controlling principle which has so far standpoint), it will be well to remember that enabled him to be successful in married life. in older days Mr. Bennett “took a malicious It might be added that the publishers tell us and frigid pleasure, as I always do, ſhe adds] that "Readers new to Bennett .. will find in setting down facts which are opposed to here their own married lives interpreted to accepted sentimental falsities.” The facts of themselves.” It is not clear whether those These Twain” are certainly opposed to some who have read Bennett before will know bet- accepted sentimental falsities; but it may be ter than to look for an interpretation of mar- that, fact or no fact, they do not constitute a riage or anything else; but the idea of the generalization. generalization. Seekers after light on the publishers seems clearly to be that this recital dark river will probably find this interpreta- of the married life of Edwin and Hilda was tion of the problem of marriage as serious modified and formed by a desire on the part and profound as Mr. Bennett's interpretation of the author to present the fundamentals of of the problem of evil in the world. Many the marriage state. It is true that he deals people cannot see reason or justice in hus- with one marriage only, and that he alludes band or wife and yet still love and like to to two other marriages as being in Edwin's please each other. In like manner, people mind very different affairs. But the thing who do wrong incomprehensibly are yet he presents with most conviction is Edwin's driven to do so by an irresistible force,- discovery at the end of the book. These books namely, they like to please themselves. In begin with Clayhanger at the bridge, and both cases they do what they want to do. they end there; they begin with Clayhanger This comes very near to “A is A," the princi- looking forward in life, and they end twenty- ple of identity which is the foundation of five years later with his looking back on it. logical thought. What he thinks at the beginning is very Mr. Bennett would probably disclaim teach- indefinite, but what he thinks at the end is ing. When he wishes to teach he writes a very definite. At the beginning he wants to “pocket philosophy.” In his novels he tells get out and be himself; at the end he sees of people who lived and acted thus and thus. that there is much that is wrong in the world His telling is always interesting. Sometimes and that “right living" means the acceptance he is objective, as they say, and tells how of injustice and the excusing of the inexcusa- everything and everybody looked. He always ble. He sees that people who are married seems to know, though it does not always must often yield to what seems obviously occur to him to say much about it. Some- great injustice or unreason on the part of times he is satirical,- indeed, he always seems others merely because whether they be unjust, a little outside the people he tells us of, never unreasonable, or whatever else, they are the quite to sympathize with them; and in such loved ones. This was no novelty. “It was a position one can hardly help being a little banal; it was commonplace; it was what satirical now and then. Sometimes he is ex- everyone knew.” Clayhanger had known it travagant, like the Bennett of old times, the before, but not until now did he fully real- Bennett of "Hugo" or "The Grand Babylon ize it. Hotel”; and that, after all, is only another This seems to give the idea that marriage way of being satirical. Most often, however, is a great and passionate war; its bed-rock he is telling us of the inner life of one or foundation being the idea of each for himself. another. It is because he knows these things Love and hate seem not only consistent but that he can tell the story. He knows what undistinguishable. Its partners are indis- Edwin Clayhanger thought and wanted, and pensable to each other and intolerable. They why he did things; and he knows also about are irrational, and they think each other so; Hilda, though not quite so well; and he knows yet when they kiss each other they are recon- about the others, for of course the book is full ciled to what in the abstract they cannot of living real people. How he knows these bear. Such a view of marriage, thoroughly mysteries of the human heart no one can tell; realized, made a part of one, felt in one's but that he does know is clear from the con- bones, become a dominant factor in one's sistency, the firmness, of the general view. domestic cosmos, would — it seems — make He does not say, “Life is like this,” but we life much easier for persons of incompatible admit that that life must have been like that. tempers who had got into the habit of living There is possibly one thing more to say. together. We can imagine that a novelist should know 1915) 575 THE DIAL are 66 precisely how his people looked, and how Clarissa Harlowe Barton - it is amusing to think their surroundings looked, and what every- of her having been christened “ Clarissa Har- body did. We can imagine, too, that a nov- lowe" died three years ago, and this interval elist should know everything that his people her biographer has put to good use in making as felt, thought, wished, and so on,-in fact, complete and as accurate as possible his record of the great work done by the founder of the Amer- that is part of the game. But given the sec- ican branch of the Red Cross Society. Many por- ond supposition, does a novelist do the fair traits of “the Angel of the Battle Field" thing by us if he withholds information con- given, with numerous other illustrations. cerning certain very large elements in the “ The Passing of the Armies” is not a pacifist lives he is presenting to us? In this book we tract, but an account of the final campaign of are told much, but much is withheld. We the Army of the Potomac, based upon personal have very slight knowledge of how Edwin reminiscences of the Fifth Army Corps," and its conducted his business; we are told that he author is General Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, prospered and became well off, but it seems whose death as the book was about to go to the astonishing that such should be the case. We printer made necessary its final revision by his also have the very slightest notion of what children. The extraordinary range of the author's this couple thought of religious matters; it is talents adds to the interest of this his last work as a writer. Perhaps he is best remembered as evident that they thought something, and we president of Bowdoin College from 1876 to 1883, should say from general principles and pre- where also he had distinguished himself as teacher vious knowledge that they thought the matter and lecturer. Theology, languages, literature, law of some importance. But we know little of it. - all these he seems to have taught with success; Mr. Bennett presumably feels that he has told and in the larger world he won fame as a military all that is necessary for normally informed peo- commander, filled a position of some importance ple about their relations as man and wife; but in the civil service, visited Italy and Egypt in in that matter people are so unexpected that later life, and from time to time acquitted him- common inference is easily at fault. So there self most creditably as a public speaker. Thus his contribution to our Civil War history is more are considerable gaps in our acquaintance than the record of a mere soldier; it is a schol- with the situation. Business, religion, sex,- arly and readable book, with the fresh interest these are likely to be dominant forces in the belonging to personal recollections of great events. personal life; it may be that the result Mr. Mr. George Haven Putnam writes a short bio- Bennett presents was caused by reasons of graphical introduction, and the book is published, which he does not tell us. with portraits and maps, by the firm of which he But in spite of all such things, the book, as is head. well as the completed trilogy, is a great Life is felt by many to be too short to admit of achievement. It gives us a sense of reality, even a single rapid reading of Gibbon's great his- of life as we find it, difficult to get elsewhere. torical work, and to these a book like Mr. H. B. And it gives that strange sense of satisfaction Cotterill's “ Medieval Italy” (Stokes) offers a welcome epitome of later Roman history, with with life and approval of it that is a result much additional matter to illustrate and make of great art. EDWARD E. HALE. more interesting the chronicle of the thousand years (305-1313) covered by the survey. As its title-page announces, the book contains not only “ a brief historical narrative," but also “ chapters HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS. on great episodes and personalities and on sub- II. jects connected with religion, art, and literature." To each of the five parts into which the subject BIOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. naturally divides itself is prefixed “ a brief account Excellent for its presentation of the real Clara of the political events of the period in question," Barton, as portrayed by her own pen, is Dr. Percy and these summaries, the author hopes, “will H. Epler's biography of that famous woman enable the reader to frame, or perhaps I should the authorized biography and a work bearing every say to arrange in chronological order and per- mark of faithful industry on the part of its author. spective, the contents of those chapters in which “ The Life of Clara Barton (Macmillan). is not with a freer hand I sketch certain interesting unlike Sir Edward Cook's recent account of Flor- episodes and personalities, endeavouring by means ence Nightingale, being largely autobiographic in of quotation and description to add a little in the method, and nearly as substantial in bulk, though way of local colour and portraiture.” Thus the brought within the limits of a single volume. But drum-and-trumpet part of the story is made not the resemblance is not confined to externals; the to intrude upon the more richly significant and same keen observation and gift of humorous ex- far more readable portions of the work. A profu- pression appear in the quoted letters and diaries sion of illustrations, some in photogravure, with of each. Laughter must have been a necessity to tables, maps, footnotes, and index, contribute in both, else the strain of the horrors they forced their several ways to the usefulness and interest themselves to face would have been unendurable. of the book. 576 (Dec. 9 THE DIAL 66 TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION. capital from 1539 to the present time, grouped A devoted Meredithian, designated on the title- under three headings: “ The Rivers, Bridges and page with no superfluity of printer's ink as Quays," " Old Streets, Houses and Markets,” and “F. E. Green,” gives us an excellent descriptive "Public Buildings, Monuments and Gardens." volume on Meredith's country, with frequent quo- Brief preliminary surveys from Mr. Taylor's pen tations from the novelist's letters and a fine series introduce the several sections, and a general intro- of illustrations (photogravures and line draw- duction follows the table of contents. Issued in ings), including a “ view from George Meredith's paper covers, the work offers opportunity to window,” “ George Meredith's châlet,” and “the exercise judgment and taste in giving it a suitable Crossways,” by Mr. Elliott Seabrooke.“ The Sur- binding. rey Hills," as the book is called, is not exclusively Travel and adventure, hunting and sight-seeing, or even chiefly devoted to Meredith, but certain in all latitudes and longitudes, are brought within chapters, as On Box Hill with Meredith," and the covers of a good-sized volume edited by Mr. “ Over Ranmore to Diana's House," take their A. G. Lewis and entitled “ Sport, Travel, and note from Diana's creator. Elsewhere there is an Adventure” (London: T. Fisher Unwin). Fifty- abundance of wide-ranging allusion and miscel- four books by writers of wanderlustig propensi- laneous dialogue to diversify the description, which ties have been drawn upon for suitable selections itself is generously interlarded with local history. and illustrations, and the whole is a lively collec- On an early page a misprint that will vex the tion of travellers' tales. Satisfactory though the author, and that he will be glad to have corrected editor's selections are in the main, it is somewhat in later editions, gives us the dramatic extension surprising to find many topics represented by of the old peasant stock, as its vitality was low- writers that are by no means the ones first sug- ered by the successive general Enclosure Acts," gesting themselves as the likeliest to be quoted where extension ” should undoubtedly be from. Arctic exploration, for instance, gives us tinction." As an informal and attractive guide to not a line from Captain Peary's books; African some of the more interesting parts of Surrey, the adventure calls forth nothing from Livingstone's book could hardly be better. (Frederick Warne or Stanley's noted chronicles; Swiss mountain- & Co.) climbing is unillustrated by anything from Whym- “ It ain't much trouble for me to take care of per; and though forbidden Tibet is opened to our my family," said the New England farmer's hired view, it is not by Mr. Henry Savage Landor. But man; “I git 'em all under cover every time I put we have passages from Colonel Roosevelt and on my hat.” With such characteristic bits of Mr. Richard Harding Davis and Miss Annie S. shrewdly humorous Yankee talk does Mr. Clifton Peck, and many other hardy adventurers, and we enliven the pages of latest “ 66 ex- ways and Byways..bork, being the seventh in the Mr. Albert G. Robinson, who has both visited series and devoted to New England. Not a sys- and written about the Philippines and Cuba and tematic and consequently unentertaining guide- Porto Rico, adds another book to his list in book have we here, any more than in the preceding “ Cuba, Old and New” (Longmans), a survey of volumes of the set; but rather a collection of the salient points in the island's history, with chap- sketches, full of character and not seldom redolent ters of a descriptive and otherwise instructive of the soil. The chapters on “Artemus Ward's character, including information useful to the tour- Town,” “Old Put's Country," "August in the ist who at this season is tempted to escape the Berkshire Hills," and "Nantucket Days are not northern rigors by a sojourn in the Pearl of the half bad, to put it mildly. As is his custom, the Antilles. Cuba's needs and imperfections are not author profusely illustrates his book with camera overlooked by the author, whose twenty years of glimpses of life, both still and of a less reposeful more or less immediate contact with its affairs enti- sort, all admirably typical of the region and people tle him to speak understandingly. “ Full assur- concerned. It is cheering to find so much of rural ance of peace and order," he believes. “ will come New England still unspoiled, uncorrupted, un- only when the people of the island, whether plant- sophisticated. “Highways and Byways of New ers or peasants, see clearly the difference between England" is published by the Macmillan Co. a government conducted in their interest and a government conducted by Cubans along Spanish Luckily there are no such melancholy associa- lines." Photographs by Mr. Robinson illustrate tions connected with the many beautiful illustra- the volume. tions that go to the making of “ Paris, Past and New Mexico's old mission churches are disap- Present” (Lane) as link themselves to-day with pearing with alarming rapidity, far more from the similar representations of many French cities not ravages of man than from those of nature; and a hundred miles from Paris. This notable collec- hence Dr. L. Bradford Prince does well to issue tion of colored and uncolored drawings, etchings, at this time his long-contemplated volume on lithographs, and other products of artistic skill, “ Spanish Mission Churches of New Mexico " not far from two hundred in number, is edited by (The Torch Press). Much more interesting he Mr. Charles Holme, with text by Mr. E. A. Tay- believes these churches to be than the similar lor, and constitutes a special autumn number of structures of California, about which so many “ The International Studio." Old prints and a books have been written, while the riches of the great number of later artists have been drawn Sunshine State in this particular remain practi- upon, so that we have glimpses of the French cally unknown. Half a hundred or more of these 1915] 577 THE DIAL а. relics of a romantic past are pictured by the new book he communicates in racy and pictur- camera and described by the pen in his book, esque language the ripe results of his varied expe- which has also an abundance of historical infor- riences in the wild. Both the broad fundamentals mation such as few besides the author could have of successful camping and the superstructure of supplied. But he adds no index to this rich store minute details are to be found in his useful and of material. Otherwise the work makes a most entertaining manual. Among other notable chap- favorable impression. ters mention should be made of his dissertations on NATURE AND OUT-DOOR LIFE. “ The Woman in Camp," “ Getting Lost and What to Do about it,” and “ The Faculty of Observa- No one having any knowledge of birdless Italy tion.” Here are his concluding remarks upon the will refuse to commend the purpose of Mr. Ernest properly constructed camp stew: “Fed upon this Harold Baynes's “Wild Bird Guests: How to manner of manna or manna of manner, as they Entertain Them” (Dutton). It has long been the would say in New York — you shall go forth and author's belief that “ the final solution of the prob-prevail mightily in the land. As to what such a lem of wild bird conservation lay, not in the enact- stew as this would mean to a party of tired coon ing of more or better laws, necessary as those laws hunters at midnight's holy hour — hush, man, let are, but in the creation of such an interest in, and us not speak of sacred matters ! ” love for birds, that a very large majority of peo- ple will have not only no desire to destroy them, Leicester Bodine Holland's horticultural manual, Both novel and practical in its scheme is Mr. but will actually fight to prevent their destruc- tion; and that the birds themselves will become “ The Garden Bluebook” (Doubleday). Peren- as safe as valuable private property." Well- nials only, as is indicated in a subtitle, are consid- informed chapters on our feathered friends, their ered by the author; but as nearly two hundred of habits, their enemies, their value in more senses these are included in the book the proposed garden than one, and how to promote their well-being, linen-backed, colored chart begins the volume and need not lack for richness and variety. A folding, follow the hortatory foreword; and numerous shows with much ingenuity in disposition of hues photogravure illustrations, many from the author's and scale-markings how and when and where to own camera, are interspersed. Meriden, N. H., “ the Bird Village” and the author's home, plays expend your horticultural energies in order to pro- a prominent part in the book, which ends with duce the most striking and picturesque effects. useful instructions how to form bird clubs and Other charts and plans follow, and the body of the thus add to the bird villages throughout the coun- book is devoted to descriptions and illustrations of try. Mr. Baynes evidently knows how to make the principal perennials, in alphabetic order on friends of the birds, and he seems likely also to the right-hand pages, with blank forms, on the left-hand, to be filled in 'with observations and make friends of his readers. additions by the gardener owning the book. A No extraordinary experiences of a wild-fowler, many-hued perennial garden almost exhales its no record-breaking bags” of mallard, widgeon, fragrance on the cover, and the more subdued half- teal, pochard, pintail, and their kind, no freezing tone lavishly illustrates the pages of the book. nights in an open boat, heroically survived by this The Christmas holidays might be given to less same hardy fowler in his valorous campaigns profitable and also less pleasant uses than the against the feathered tribes that sweep over the planning of one's garden of perennials with the waters of estuaries and marshes — nothing what- help of “ The Garden Bluebook.” ever of this sort will be found in Mr. W. H. Hud- son's “Adventures among Birds” (Kennerley), the MISCELLANEOU'S. ornithographic record of a bird-lover, not the san- Not as an argument for military preparedness, guinary chronicle of a bird-killer. He regards we are glad to note, does Mr. John Martin Ham- birds as vertebrates and relations, with knowing, mond offer to view the dismantled and crumbling emotional, thinking brains like ours, and with condition of our older fortresses, but as a study in senses like ours, only brighter.” Mr. Hudson's what is historic and often picturesque. “Quaint literary style has been warmly praised by others and Historic Forts of North America (Lippin- besides Mr. John Galsworthy, who says of him, cott) he entitles his splendid volume, a work simi- furthermore, that he is the finest living observer, lar in wealth of descriptive and illustrative matter and the greatest living lover of bird and animal to his Colonial Mansions of Maryland and Dela- life, and of Nature in her moods.” A few of his ware.” It is on the Atlantic seaboard, naturally, chapter-headings, such as “Bird Music," " In a that he finds the greater number of our weather- Green Country in Quest of Rare Songsters," "Ava- worn fortifications, though the Alamo, Fort Lara- lon and a Blackbird,” and “ The Marsh Warbler's mie, Fort Vancouver, and other storied redoubts Music,” will here sufficiently indicate the char- in the South, West, and North, claim their meas- acter of his book. A word of perhaps not super- ure of attention. Of our “ most important En- fluous caution from the publishers admonishes the glish military work of early Colonial days," Fort reader not to confuse the author with that other Independence, in Boston harbor, he writes, with writer of note, Mr. William Henry Hudson. an eye for the picturesque rather than for the Mr. Emerson Hough, the author of “Out of bare reality, that “on any bright and cheering Doors” (Appleton), seems to have hunted and day throngs can be found at the old fort, of camped and communed with nature from Mexico's various classes and of widely sundered poles of troubled border to Alaska's icy strand, and in his thought.” On some holidays this may be true, but 66 66 578 (Dec. 9 THE DIAL many a bright and cheering day of labor finds the ties in their proper order as he passes them.” fort not at all thronged with visitors of any class Why, then does he place the story of the Lorelei or of any pole of thought whatsoever. Good illus- at the very beginning and not later when the high- trations in abundance adorn the book. lands, where the Loreleiberg may be supposed to Very wisely has it been decided to issue in book- stand, have been reached by the Rhine-ascending form and with additions Miss Lilian D. Wald's traveller? Diligence in collecting and narrative recent “Atlantic” articles on “ The House in skill in relating these legends are shown by the Henry Street” (Holt), the story of vocation or compiler, who claims for his book more critical mission promptly and gladly accepted some five and selective acumen and more of the romantic and twenty years ago by a young graduate of a Rhine atmosphere than are to be found in other New York training school for nurses, and leading similar compilations. The very places concerned to more beneficent, more wide-reaching results than have been visited in quest of the most authentic could have been dreamed of at the outset. In a form of each tale, “and only the most character- straightforward manner that devoted friend of istic and original versions and variants . . have suffering and unfortunate humanity, as it toils gained admittance to the collection." It is cer- and struggles on the East Side of our cosmopoli- tainly a rich and readable volume, and it has a tan metropolis, tells the story of her labors amid map of the Rhine country, a combined index and that grimy and often cheerless environment; and glossary, and many illustrations (in color and the story divides itself into chapters on such otherwise) by an artist in evident sympathy with varied though related themes as the establishment the purpose of the book. of visiting nurses, the relations between the nurse Not the least part of the burden of the present and the community, children and play, children war is borne by the Red Cross, and its services who work, the handicapped child, youth and trades have never before been offered so generously or to unions, weddings and social halls, friends of Rus- so vast a body of sufferers. Timely, therefore, is sian freedom, social forces, and new Americans in the appearance of a book giving a more compre- their relation to our institutions and policies. A hensive account of this organization and its labors number of noted philanthropists, such as Madame for humanity than has hitherto been available in Breshkovsky, Prince Kropotkin, Mr. Ernest English. “Under the Red Cross Flag at Home Crosby, and Father McGlynn, pass across the and Abroad” (Lippincott) is written by Miss pages of the book and add to its interest. Its Mabel T. Boardman, Chairman National Relief message of good will to all mankind is one espe- Board, American Red Cross, and naturally con- cially suited to the season. Mr. Abraham Phil- cers itself especially with the American branch lips's etchings and drawings, often of an appealing of the society, dating from 1881 and claiming nature in their representations of the joys and Clara Barton as its first leader and presiding offi- sorrows of the poor, supplement very fittingly the The record of its beneficent labors in fire photographic illustrations that help to convey the and flood, tornado and earthquake, war and pesti- book's message and lesson. lence, is traced with considerable detail down to Near the end of July of last year, with no slight- and including its activities in the war now devas- est foreboding of the troubled days so soon to tating Europe and extending even beyond its follow, Miss Anne Hollingsworth Wharton of borders. The revised Treaty of Geneva is ap- Philadelphia landed at Plymouth, England, to pur- pended, and illustrations from photographs show sue the studies that have now resulted in a pleasing the varied nature of the demands made upon Red volume entitled “English Ancestral Homes of Cross workers. With Dr. Epler's life of Clara Noted Americans" (Lippincott). The Washing- Barton and Miss Boardman's history of the Red tons, the Franklins, the Penns, with other families Cross, both books of the present season, we have of lesser note, are here traced back to their trans- small excuse if we remain ignorant of what this atlantic cradles, and the faithful camera has been charitable association has done in the past and is doing in the present. put to good use in conveying a vivid impression of these remote origins. The book is, as the author “It is commonly charged against philosophers had hoped it would be, an interesting reminder of that they have little patriotism. It does not occur “the rock from whence we were hewn and the pit to those who prefer the charge that philosophers from whence we were digged.” A wealth of his- may have something better about which to concern torical and genealogical lore is contained between themselves." Thus writes Dr. Frederic Rowland the book's covers, and especial mention may be Marvin on an early page of his “Fireside Papers" made of certain fresh material concerning Frank- (Sherman), and the passage well illustrates the lin's visit to Ecton, the home of his ancestors. tone and temper of the book. Here, as in the same author's “ Excursions of a Book-Lover," high Mr. Lewis Spence says he has endeavored so to thinking and ripened wisdom mingle enjoyably arrange his “ Hero Tales and Legends of the with quaint and curious lore of various kinds, with (Stokes) that they may “illustrate a criticism of books and men, and with quotation Rhine journey from sea to source - the manner and translation of poetry from divers sources. Of in which the majority of visitors to Germany will Mr. Alfred Noyes he well says that "he bas writ- make the voyage — and to this end the tales have ten too much for the years of his literary pil- been marshalled in such form that a reader sitting grimage thus far. We have from his pen some on the deck of a Rhine steamer may be able to good things, more that are poor, and none yet peruse the legends relating to the various locali- that take commanding place and give promise of cer. Rhine” a 1915) 579 THE DIAL 66 : enduring.” With such themes as the loneliness of The name of Etienne de la Boétie, if known only genius, the philosophic temper, human derelicts, by the poem of Emerson at the head of which it Maupassant and Poe, and the River of Oblivion, stands, helps no little to quicken interest in Mon- the book holds our willing attention. taigne's short essay on friendship which was ad- In these days when the bottom seems to be fall- dressed to this best friend of the writer. In a ing out of everything, it is no work of supereroga- limited edition, with rubricated initials and head- tion to endeavor to fasten with certainty upon pieces, and with other attributes of excellence, those things that are firm and imperishable. Such there are published both “ Montaigne's Essay on an attempt is made by Dr. Hugh Black in his con- Friendship” and “XXIX Sonnets by Estienne de tribution to this season's books, a modest volume la Boetie," translated by Mr. Louis How. Love entitled “ The New World” (Revell), four chap- and friendship are the themes of the sonnets, ters of which have already found favor with which thus appropriately supplement the prose magazine-readers. “ The purpose of this book," treatise similarly inspired. Evident care and skill he explains,“ is to understand the causes of unrest have been bestowed upon the rendering of both in the religion of our time, and to enforce the prose and verse, the obvious difficulties in each need of restatement, and if possible to indicate the case, and especially in the latter, being a spur to lines of the probable statement. • . The most I best endeavor. (Houghton Mifflin Co.) seek to do is to suggest for a transition time like Not unworthy of its splendid theme is the title this a point of view that may enable some to hold chosen by Dr. J. Edward Parrott for his book, their footing." Accordingly, the discussion has to “The Pageant of English Literature” (Sully & do with the spirit of the age, the changing order, Kleinteich), a companion volume to his similarly the things that remain, and other kindred and named work on English history. From the rude fruitful themes, all handled with the author's cus- beginnings of his country's literature down to the tomary insight and helpful suggestiveness. death of Tennyson he sketches in popular style Miss Lilian Bell tells the story of a happy the main facts in that literary history, with brief thought and its beneficent results in “ The Story outlines or descriptions of the more famous works of the Christmas Ship" (Rand, McNally & Co.), and with occasional illustrative quotations. The a generous octavo filled with details of the great biographical element, too, is not wanting, and a charitable enterprise started by her last year in rich pageantry of color meets the eye in half the behalf of the hosts of children made fatherless by numerous illustrations, chiefly from famous paint- the war in Europe. Seven million gifts from ings. Ample pages, wide margins, and large print American children went across the Atlantic in the contribute to the book's sumptuous appearance, U.S. S.“Jason” and into the Christmas stockings and in its reading matter it betters expectation by of the unfortunate little folk of the warring coun- devoting its first five chapters to the beginnings of tries. Miss Bell writes with her usual vivacity, and literature in general — something not promised in the very aspect of her pages, with their innumer- the title. As giving a bird's-eye view of its field, able short paragraphs, their thick sprinkling of and as a useful and attractive work for young exclamation points, their frequent dashes, and readers, the book is to be commended. other appeals to the eye, is hardly characteristic All is certainly not right with the world as and perhaps not ineffective. Her portrait is the viewed by Mr. Seymour Deming in his “profane only illustrative feature of the book, which might baccalaureate," "The Pillar of Fire" (Small, May- well have been enlivened with camera views of nard & Co.). Let us have done, he urges, with the incidents narrated, if such visual records had been smoothly conventional baccalaureate sermon and available. brilliant binding and wrapper make tell our graduating classes the plain, unvarnished up the exterior equipment of this notable Christ- truth. “Are you content,” he asks, with exuberance mas book. of rhetoric, to scan sonorous Sophoclean odes From Philip Freneau to Paul Lawrence Dun- which bewail a fate-begotten plague in seven-gated bar, the better-known nineteenth-century American Thebes whilst there are, on the island of Manhat- poets, to the number of nearly a hundred and tan, fifty-one blocks huddling 3,000 people to each, fifty, are represented in Miss Jessie B. Ritten- through which creeps the icy contagion of tubercu- house's pocket anthology, “ The Little Book of losis?" Again: “How shall the college be brought American Poets" (Houghton), a companion vol- back to its rightful task,- the teaching of revolu- ume to “ The Little Book of Modern Verse" com- tionism? By the likes of you. Seek and ye shall piled by the same hand. A few overlappings in find." In this vehement vein, enlivened in one the two lists of verse-writers inevitably occur, place by a “Socratic scherzo," and in another by since the end of the nineteenth century did not, a list of " dishonorary degrees,” the author val- fortunately, bring an end to all our songsters of iantly strives to set right a world that is all wrong. that period; and where inadequate space may “We are not loved as a nation,” says Professor seem to have been allotted to a contemporary poet Edward A. Steiner, “ largely because we are not in the later volume, he will be found to be more understood, and we are not understood because we fully represented in the earlier. In its professed do not understand ourselves, and we do not under- purpose to present in compact form some of the stand ourselves because we have not studied our- finer and more enduring things in our poetic lit- selves in the light of the spirit of other nations." erature” this handy volume has attained a good Something of this detached view of ourselves is measure of success. offered in Mr. Steiner's latest book, "Introducing 66 580 (Dec. 9 THE DIAL 66 the American Spirit” (Revell), in which he de- NOTES. scribes with vivacity and humor his experience as host and cicerone to a visiting German of some A new edition of Mr. Louis C. Elson's “ History note, whom he calls “ the Herr Director," and who, of American Music," revised and brought down to it should be added, is accompanied by “ the Frau date, is promised for early issue by the Mac- Directorin." Enthusiastic in his devotion to his millan Co. adopted country, and with no hyphen disfiguring "How Diplomats Make War" is the promising his Americanism, the host played his part so well title of an anonymous volume which Mr. B. W. as almost to overcome some of the prejudices of Huebsch will publish at once. The author is his guests from Berlin. At any rate, his effort, as described as a British statesman." described by himself, was most creditable to him “ Old Familiar Faces” was the title chosen by and is very enjoyable in the reading. the late Theodore Watts-Dunton for his volume of “If laughing hurts you, let this book alone!” recollections of the many famous men and women is the caution displayed on the wrapper of “ The with whom he had been on terms of friendship. Log of the Ark, by Noah; Hieroglyphics by Ham; It has just appeared in London, and will undoubt- Excavated by I. L. Gordon and A. J. Frueh edly find American publication also. The editor (Dutton). It belongs, of course, to that class of contributes an Introduction dealing with life at might-have-been ancient humor in which Mr. “ The Pines." Maurice Baring and others have in recent years Hon. Bertrand Russell, of Cambridge, England, exercised their wits with much nimbleness and to has recently been awarded the Butler Gold Medal the augmentation of the mirth of the world. Here by Columbia University for the best work in is a specimen of Noah's facetious manner: “I philosophy during the past five years. Mr. Rus- had everybody guessing at the supper table. I sell's latest book, “ Our Knowledge of the Exter- asked them where Moses is going to be when the nal World as a Field for Scientific Method in light goes out. The officers and their wives are Philosophy," was issued by the Open Court Pub- trying to guess.” The drawings that enliven this lishing Co. in July of last year. logbook are undeniably amusing. All interested in the personalities and idiosyncrasies of Noah, Shem, Among other new titles announced for early Ham, Japheth, and their respective wives, will publication by the University of Chicago Press are find the book entertaining. “A Short History of Belgium,” by Professor Leon Van der Essen; “Individuality in Organisms,” by Hawaiian legends have a quality of their own, Professor Charles Manning Child; “ Public Libra- even though they show many of the characteristics ries and Literary Culture in Ancient Rome," by of folklore in general, and the noting of these Dr. Clarence E. Boyd; and “ Parts of the Body points of difference and of resemblance adds to in Older Germanic and Scandinavian," by Dr. the enjoyment of reading such a collection as that Trild W. Arnoldson. edited and translated by Mr. William Drake Wes- tervelt under the title, “ Legends of Old Hono- A series of histories of the belligerents in the lulu.” Mr. Westervelt is a resident of Honolulu present war is announced by the Oxford University and has had experience in the re-telling of Polyne. Press. The first two volumes will be “ The Evolu- sian stories for English-speaking readers; there- tion of Prussia: The Making of an Empire," by fore it is with more than the average folklore- Messrs. J. A. R. Marriott and C. Grant Robertson: student's familiarity with his subject that he puts Development of the Balkan States and the Turkish and “ The Balkans and Turkey: The History and into literary form the twenty-five or more local legends which he has gathered from Hawaiian Empire,” by Messrs. Nevill Forbes, D. Mitrany, sources. The book is of pleasing design, with Arnold Toynbee, and others. tinted leaves, tinted print, and tinted half-tone Dr. George W. Crile, whose recently published illustrations and line drawings. It is published volume entitled “A Mechanistic View of War and by George H. Ellis Co., Boston. Peace” is the result of several months spent last How the popular lecture, “Acres of Diamonds," summer in a hospital back of the firing lines in came into being, and many significant facts about France, in a recent lecture before the New York its author, the Rev. Russell H. Conwell, D.D., Academy of Medicine demonstrated the harmful President of Temple University, Philadelphia, are physiological effects, likely to develop into chronic readably set forth by Mr. Robert Shackleton in a maladies, produced in the human body by the acids volume bearing the same title as the lecture and generated by the intense emotions caused by war, published by the Harpers. The marks of a force- both on and off the battlefield. ful personality are on everything done and every The “ Memoirs of M. Thiers, 1870-1873,” trans- word spoken by the man introduced to us by his lated by Mr. F. M. Atkinson, which is announced present biographer, and a further tribute to his for immediate issue in London, will contain a con- striking qualities is rendered by his neighbor and siderable amount of material not included in the intimate friend for thirty years, Mr. John Wana- original edition, privately printed in France, begin- inaker, in a brief "appreciation " prefixed to the ning with Thiers's letters from London in the lecture itself — for this, too, is included in the autumn of 1870, during his tour of the European book. Two portraits of Dr. Conwell and other capitals in the hope of winning help among neu- illustrations are inserted, and a brief autobio- tral nations in the war with Prussia. The memoirs graphic note, “Fifty Years on the Lecture Plat- close with M. Thiers's Presidency and the days of form,” closes the book. the Commune. 1915) 581 THE DIAL Readers of the Introduction to Professor Gilbert Murray's verse translation of the “Alcestis” of Euripides (recently published) will remember his reference to an illuminating monograph written by Mr. J. A. K. Thomson. This is now to be pub- lished by Messrs. George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., of London, under the title of “ The Greek Tradition: Essays in the Reconstruction of Ancient Thought." The volume includes essays on “Greek Country Life,” “ The Springs of Poetry,” “Alcestis and Her Hero," " Greek Simplicity," etc. Still another magazine devoted entirely to verse is soon to make its appearance. This latest comer is called “ Contemporary Verse," and will be pub- lished at 203 Chestnut Ave., Chestnut Hill, Phila- delphia. Its first number, to appear in January, will contain contributions by Messrs. Hermann Hagedorn, Louis Untermeyer, Don Marquis, Rob- ert Haven Schauffler, Joyce Kilmer, T. A. Daly, Leonard Bacon, William Rose Benét, Max East- man, and several others. The editors of “ Contem- porary Verse” are Messrs. Howard S. Graham, Jr., Devereux C. Josephs, and Samuel McCoy. A fund of $50,000 for the purpose of maintain- ing in Throop College of Technology the Holder Chair of Biology has been established by friends of the late Charles Frederick Holder, who in this manner wish “to express their appreciation for his long labors in the realm of natural history, his steadfast devotion to sports in their most dignified and elevating sense, and his efforts to protect the wild game and fish of California." The knowledge that this tribute had been paid to him by his friends was a source of much satisfaction to Dr. Holder for several weeks before his death (which occurred on October 10). Had Dr. Holder lived he would have held the chair during the remainder of his life as Professor Emeritus. For a considerable time Messrs. Macmillan have 'had in preparation, and will shortly publish, their new and final edition of the “ Short History of the English People," by J. R. Green. The original edition, which appeared in 1874, in which there had been inaccuracies of detail, was revised accord- ing to Mr. Green's special directions. In this work Mrs. Green had the advantage of Mr. Green's own corrections, and also in difficult questions the advice of the leading historians in their several departments, such as, for example, Professor Gar- diner, Mr. Lecky, Lord Bryce, Bishop Stubbs, Bishop Creighton, and others. This final edition, now about to be published, includes an epilogue which continues the history to the present day. Sir Sidney Lee's rewritten and enlarged Life of Shakespeare will be published this month, - just seventeen years after the publication of the origi- nal work. The biography in its new form embod- ies much fresh information and illustrates from contemporary evidence the place that Shakespeare filled in both the literary and social life of his day. The organization of the theatres with which Shake- speare was associated is described in the light of recent research, and much space is devoted to the experiences of Shakespeare and his colleagues at the Courts of Queen Elizabeth and King James I. Sir Sidney has consulted for the first time the wills of several of Shakespeare's Stratford friends, and has some new matter on the monument in Strat- ford Church. “ The Blinded Soldiers' and Sailors' Gift Book," to which we referred at some length in our issue of Nov. 11, will be published on this side the water by Messrs. Putnam. The editor is Mr. George Goodchild, and the work will contain con- tributions from such prominent English writers as Messrs. Robert Hichens, John Galsworthy, Ed- mund Gosse, Eden Phillpotts, H. G. Wells, Austin Dobson, G. K. Chesterton, Anthony Hope, Gilbert Parker, and others. The contributions, in both prose and verse, were written especially for this book, and a number of artists have contributed the illustrations. The purpose of the volume, which is arranged as a gift book, is to add to the funds for the helping of English soldiers and sailors who have been blinded in the war. Our Paris correspondent, Mr. Theodore Stanton, sends us the following letter which he lately re- ceived from Dr. W. A. Craigie, one of the editors of the great Oxford Dictionary: “The principal change in the Dictionary work caused by the death Sir James Murray will be the loss of the sections done by himself and his staff, - an impor- tant difference, naturally. The other editors and staffs have worked independently, and so are not directly affected. In fact the loss will partly be made up by the assistance to be obtained from Sir James Murray's staff, which will be all the more valuable as our num- bers have been somewhat reduced of late by the war and other causes. It is probable that attention will first be concentrated on finishing S, but either U or V will be in progress at the same time. "As Dr. Bradley is much older than either Mr. Onions and myself, and has been an editor since 1889, he will naturally be regarded as the chief representa- tive of the Dictionary. It is unlikely, however, that any formal statement on the question will be made. “Our chief American contributors in recent years have been Mr. Albert Matthews and Mr. C. W. Ernst, both of Boston, the former helping with American words, the latter chiefly with medieval Latin words and uses. I have also had some useful communica- tions from Mr. A. Bowski, of New York City, while Mr. C. 0. S. Mawson, Springfield, Mass., has helped with Anglo-Indian words. The new 'American Glos- sary' by Professor R. H. Thornton is also of great service in tracing the history of special words and phrases, as he has carried many of these much further than any previous collector." TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. December, 1915. Actor, Evolution of the. Arthur Pollock Drama Adaptation as a Process. H. B. Torrey Scientific American Commerce after the War. T. H. Price World's Work American Names, Eminent. L. H. Ashe Scientific American Union, Romance of. Helen Nicolay Century Americans - Are They More German than English? James Middleton World's Work America's Duty. Baron d'Estournelles de Constant Atlantic Aquinas, Thomas. Addison A. Ewing Sewanee Army Reform. Eric Fisher Wood Century Bahamas, Nassau of the. Richard Le Gallienne Harper Balkans, Diplomacy in the. F. H. Simonds Rev. of Reve. Ballad, The Mediæval Popular, H. M. Belden Sewanee Belgians, Helping the. E. P. Bicknell Rev. of Revs. Benaventa : His Life and Writings. Julius Brouta Drama Bird Life in Georgia. John Burroughs Harper Book Trade, Price Maintenance in the. H. R. Tosdal Quar. Jour. Econ. 582 Dec. 9 THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS. ( The following list, containing 77 titles, includes books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] HOLIDAY GIFT BOOKS. Quaint and Historie Forts of North America. By John Martin Hammond. Illustrated in photo- gravure, etc., large 8vo, 309 pages. J. B. Lippin- cott Co. $5. net. On the Trail of Stevenson. By Clayton Hamilton; illustrated with drawings by Walter Hale. Large 8vo, 145 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. $3. net. The Surrey Hills. By F. E. Green; illustrated in photogravure and with drawings by Elliott Sea- brooke. 8vo, 252 pages. New York: Frederick Warne & Co. $2. net. Hero Tales and Legends of the Rhine. By Lewis Spence, F.R.A.I. Illustrated in color, etc., large 8vo, 380 pages. F. A. Stokes Co. $3. net. English Ancestral Homes of Noted Americans. By Anne Hollingsworth Wharton. Illustrated, 12mo, 314 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $2. net. Battleground Adventures in the Civil War. By Clifton Johnson. Illustrated, large 8vo, 422 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $2. net. Highways and Byways of New England. By Clif- ton Johnson; illustrated with photographs by the author, 8vo, 299 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net. The Lighter Side of School Life. By Ian Hay; illustrated in color by L. Baumer. 12mo, 227 pages. Boston: LeRoy Phillips. $1.50 net. Medieval Italy during a Thousand Years (305-1313). By H. B. Cotterrill. Illustrated in photogravure, etc., 8vo, 566 pages. “Great Nations Series." F. A. Stokes Co. $2.50 net. Jimsy: The Christmas Kid. By Leona Dalrymple. Illustrated in color, etc., 12mo, 64 pages. Robert M. McBride & Co. 50 cts. net. Mr. Doctor-Man. By Helen S. Woodruff. With por- trait, 12mo, 96 pages. George H. Doran Co. 50 cts. net. 19 British Dominions, Loyalty in the. T. H. Boggs Am. Pol. Sc. Brooke, Rupert. John Drinkwater Forum Budget System vs. the Pork Barrel. 'B. J. Hen: drick World's Work Buffalo's Rule by Commission. M. M. Wilner Rev. of Revs. Bulgarians and Bulgaria. Oliver Bainbridge Rev. of Revs. California, Labor Revolts in. C. H. Parker Quar. Jour. Econ. Carmen, Psychology of. Geraldine Farrar Bookman Caucus, The Congressional. W. H. Haines Am. Pol. Sc. Cawein, Madison. Anna B. McGill Sewanee Chicago Housing Conditions - X. Natalie Walker Am. Jour. Soc. “ Child, the Only," Training: H. A. Bruce Century China's Vital Question. J. W. Jenks No. Amer. Citizen, The Mind of the. A. D. Weeks Am. Jour. Soc. Congress, New Democratic Leader in. B. J. Hen- drick World's Work Constitution, History of the. F. 1. Schechter Am. Pol. Sc. Conwell, Russell. Robert Shackleton Harper Critics, Conventional American. H. S. Harrison Atlantic Defence, National, Need for. Howard Wheeler Everybody's Diacritic Critic, The. Charles F. Talman Atlantic Drama, The American. Archibald Henderson Sewanee Drink Reform in Europe. John Koren Atlantic Dyestuffs, Drama of the. French Strother World's Work England, The New. Sydney Brooks No. Amer. England's Malady. Cosmo Hamilton Century England's Sea Power. A. C. Laut Rev. of Revs. Finance, French. Raphaël-Georges Lévy Quar. Jour. Econ. Foreign Trade, New York Harbor and. w. c. Brinton World's Work France, Northern, With the Armies of. Walter Hale Century France, Our “ Partial" War with, in 1798. H. N. Stull Harper France, The Defeat of, in 1870. C. D. Hazen American Frohman, Charles. John D. Williams Century Frost Fighting. Alexander McAdie Scientific Galsworthy, John. Louise C. Willcox No. Amer. Greek and Bulgar Scenes. George Marvin World's Work Grey, Sir Edward. Arthur Bullard Century “Hamlet as Shakespeare Staged It. "Charlotte Porter Drama Harvard Glacier, Exploring the. Dora Keen Harper Higginson, Thomas Wentworth. E. W. Bowen Sewanee “Home! Sweet Home!" How Payne Wrote. Thatcher T. P. Luquer. Scribner Homer, Winslow, and American Art.' w. H. Wright Forum Hopewell, The European War and. Merle Crowell American Humanitarianism, Modern, Maurice Parmelee Am. Jour. Soc. Hymnology, Evolution in. C. H. Richards Forum Idleness as a Virtue. May Tomlinson Sewanee Income and Service. Victor S. Yarros Am. Jour. Soc. Industry, Individualistic. T. H. Boggs Am. Jour. Soc. Infant Mortality. Henry H. Hibbs, Jr. Quar. Jour. Econ. Irish Mythology. George Townsend Sewanee Italy and the War. W. M. Fullerton World's Work Judicial Control in France. J. W. Garner Am, Pol. Sc. Kentucky, Feuds in. W. A. Bradley Harper Legislative Action, Rules for. Ernest Freund Am. Pol. Sc. Library System, Wisconsin's Parcel-Post. F. L. Holmes Rev. of Revs. McKenna: Britain's Chancellor of the Exchequer. L. R. Freeman Rev. of Revs. Magazine in America, The -- X. · Algernon 'Tassin Bookman Marriage, Our Incestuous Forum Marriage, The Working Woman and Mary Eads Sewanee Medicine-Man, The Old. Carl Holliday Scientific Metric System, Good Points in the. J. V. Collins Scientific Militarism and Pacificism. Ralph B. Perry Atlantic Movies, Actor-Snatching and the. W. P. Eaton American New York of the Novelists – IV. A. B. Maurice Bookman Nietzsche and the War. Philip H. Fogel Sewanee Novel, The English - III. W. L. Phelps Bookman Eningen, A Visit to. T. D. A. Cockerell Scientific Plants, Acrid Properties in. W. R. Lazenby Scientific Prohibition and Politics. L. Ames Brown No. Amer. Religion of To-day. Hugh Black Everybody's Stage, The. Rabindranath Tagore Drama Stars, Evolution of the. William W. Campbell Scientific Shintoism. Shinjiro Kitasawa Sewanee Social Insurance. Robert M. Woodbury Quar. Jour. Econ. Statistical Method. F. A. Dewey Am. Jour. Soc. Sweden's Role in the War. D. T. Curtin World's Work Tariff, Higher, after the War. David J. Hill No. Amer. Trade: Domestic and Foreign. W. F. Wyman World's Work Valuation, Pecuniary, Progress of. C. H. Cooley Quar. Jour. Econ. War, False Consolations of. William A. Smith Atlantic War, Scandinavian View of the. George Brandes Atlantic War, The Garden of Eden and the. L. R. Freeman Atlantic War and Bad Advertising. Gerald S. Lee American Wealth and Democracy, Annie M. MacLean Am. Jour. Soc. Woman, The Intelligence of. W. L. George Atlantic Work, The Day's. Louise Closser Hale Bookman Work, The Wonder of. Joseph Pennell Scribner Workmen's Compensation in the United States. Willard C. Fisher Quar. Jour. Econ. Yellow Fever Board, The United States Army. Aris- tides Agramonte Scientific Younger Generation, The. Francis G. Peabody Atlantic BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG. Russian Fairy Tales. Translated from the Skazki of Polevoi by R. Nisbet Bain; illustrated in color, etc., by Noel L. Nisbet. Large 8vo, 283 pages. F. A. Stokes Co. $2.50 net. Helpers without Hands. By Gladys Davidson. Illus- trated in color, 4to, 117 pages. F. A. Stokes Co. $2. net. Great Authors in Their Youth. By Maude Mor- rison Frank. Illustrated, 12mo, 324 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.25 net. Stories Told to Children. By Michael Fairless. Illus- trated, 8vo, 200 pages. F. A. Stokes Co. $2. net. Half-Holiday Pastimes for Children. By Gladys Beattie Crozier. Illustrated, large 8vo, 212 pages. F. A. Stokes Co. $1.75 net. A Nursery Book of Science. By J. R. Ainsworth Davis. Illustrated in color, etc., large 8vo, 118 pages. F. A. Stokes Co. $1.35 net. Thomas Alva Edison. By Francis Rolt-Wheeler. Illustrated, 16mo, 201 pages. " True Stories of Great Americans." Macmillan Co. 50 cts. net. . . BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. Reminiscences. By Lyman Abbott. Illustrated in photogravure, etc., 8vo, 509 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $3.50 net. Forty Years in Constantinople: The Recollections of Sir Edwin Pears (1873-1915). Illustrated, large 8vo, 390 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $5. net. Life, Diary, and Letters of Oscar Lovell Shafter. Edited for Emma Shafter-Howard by Flora Haines Loughead. Illustrated, large 8vo, 323 pages. San Francisco: John J. Newbegin. $5.net. HISTORY. The Second Partition of Poland: A Study in Diplo- matic History. By Rupert Howard Lord, Ph.D. 8vo, 586 pages. Harvard University Press. $2.25 net. A History of Babylon: From the Foundation of the Monarchy to the Persian Conquest. By Leonard W. King, Litt.D. Volume II. Illustrated, large 8vo, 340 pages. F. A. Stokes Co. $4.80 net. The Boxer Rebellion: A Political and Diplomatic Review. By Paul H. Clements, Ph.D. 8vo, 243 pages. Columbia University Press. Paper, $2, net. . 1915) 583 THE DIAL PUBLIC AFFAIRS - POLITICS, SOCIOLOGY, AND ECONOMICS. The Stakes of Diplomacy. By Walter Lippmann. 12mo, 235 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.25 net. Electoral Reform in England and Wales. By Charles Seymour, Ph.D. 8vo, 564 pages. Yale University Press. $2.50 net. Views on Some Social Subjects. By Sir Dyce Duck- worth, LL.D. 8vo, 320 pages. Macmillan Co. Russian Sociology: A Contribution to the History of Sociological Thought and Theory. By Julius F. 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The facts and con- The story, the psychology, and the mission of the ditions accompanying the great combinations of song-the oldest and most enduring form of music, industries are analyzed, and the author points out the universal language that appeals to the universal the way along which material progress and popular heart of mankind-are here told by a well-known contentment may live together. Price, 500. musical writer. Price, $1.00 The Cost of Living By Walter E. Clark Peace Insurance By Richard Stockton, Jr. No more familiar expression is heard than "the high A work valuable for the mass of information it con- cost of living.” The condition is one which affects tains, bearing upon the much discussed question of everyone. Why are foods in many cases seventy- Preparedness. The author strongly arraigns the six per cent above their average price for the year pacifist element and exposes the folly of believing 1896? 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The book's main purpose is to Aircraft in the By Graham White and advocate a business administration for the govern- Harry Harper ment, and to show the great need of fiscal reforms. Great War Its pages fairly bristle with statistics, all carefully A detailed and thorough de- correlated to illustrate the different steps in the scription of the various activities of Aeroplanes, Air- Price, 500. ships and Zeppelins in the present war. An inter- esting feature of the book is the description of N. B. The last three books are late issues in "The National battles between the various types of aircraft. Social Science Series." There are others equally important narrative. Price, $2.00 and interesting. Send for catalogue. 590 (Dec. 23, 1915 THE DIAL THE NEW AMERICAN POETS OF OUR DAY Without a knowledge of the work of these new poets no real estimate can be made of America's contribution to contempo- rary literature. Better and truer than our novelists, they reveal and interpret the inner spirit of our national life. Young, vig- orous and fearless, they are the authentic voices of America. LINCOLN COLCORD THOMAS WALSH His first book, recently published, has won for No lover and student of contemporary Amer- him a secure place among the truly representative ican poetry can neglect the very important work American poets of today. In the same noble and of Thomas Walsh. His poems are the expression understanding spirit in which Walt Whitman sang of a true artist, one who understands the power of simplicity and the subtle values of words. of the Civil War, Lincoln Colcord here sings of the greatest war in history. The Pilgrim Kings Vision of War “The work of an artist with a great and sane philosophy of life.”—The Bookman. “In this great poem Mr. Colcord has produced “A poet of fine substance and perfection of the most important piece of literature of the year. -Boston Transcript. ....A national ode unequalled in its chastisement, “Real color and music in these poems."- its love and its hope.”—Boston Transcript. N. Y. Times. Cloth, $1.25. Leather, $1.50. Cloth, $1.25. Leather, $1.50. form." JOHN G. NEIHARDT With the publication of his new volume Mr. Neihardt establishes himself as a poet of remark- able gifts and ability. His work embodies a beauty and a power akin to the tremendous and impressive forces of nature with which it deals. SARA TEASDALE Sara Teasdale's poems are considered by many to contain the purest song quality in Amer- ican poetry. Depth and simplicity go hand in hand through her work. To read her is to enter a world of music and color and to feel the pro- found beauty and the warmth of life. The Song of Hugh Glass "An achievement of the highest order..... A big, sweeping thing, blazing a pathway across the frontiers of our national life."—Boston Tran- script. Cloth, $1.25. Leather, $1.50. Rivers to the Sea “A book of sheer delight, filled with the joy of life. ..... self-revelatory as Mrs. Browning's 'Sonnets from the Portuguese.' Her touch turns everything to song."-Current Opinion. Cloth, $1.25. Leather, $1.50. EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON Many eminent critics call Mr. Robinson the foremost living American poet. His work has a genuine distinction and originality, a power and beauty that claim for him a dominating and last- ing place in American literature. EDGAR LEE MASTERS Mr. Masters has made the most striking and important contribution to American letters in recent years. He speaks with a new and authen- tic voice;"his work is unforgettable. The Man Against the Sky "Here is a man with something to say that has value and beauty. His thought is deep and his ideas are high and stimulating.”—Boston Transcript. Ready in February. Spoon River Anthology "The natural child of Walt Whitman, the only poet with true Americanism in his bones."-N. Y. Times. "An American Comedy Humaine'. . Takes its place among the masterpieces."-Boston Transcript. Cloth, $1.25. Leather, $1.50. Send for a list of recent books by contemporary poets, describing the work of John Masefield, Rabindranath Tagore, Amy Lowell, Vachel Lindsay, Alfred Noyes and others. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, Publishers, New York THE DIAL A Fortnightly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. PAGE Vol. LIX. DECEMBER 23, 1915 No. 708 ON THE EATING OF FERNSEED. Probably most of us have speculated on the CONTENTS. advantages of being invisible. Mr. Wells has written a novel around the idea (around what ON THE EATING OF FERNSEED. Charles Leonard Moore 591 odd idea has he not written a novel ?), in which the blessedness of the state is not very LITERARY AFFAIRS IN PARIS. (Special apparent. To people of literary or artistic Paris Correspondence.) Theodore Stanton 593 turn, however, a twilight condition of life The Holiday Book Season.— Literature's Losses in the Great War.- Periodicals in the seems almost a necessity. The butterfly's Trenches.- M. Paul Fort, the “Prince of emblazoning dust brushes off against the hard Poets." hand of reality. Authors and artists have almost always preluded on some Magic Flute, CASUAL COMMENT , 596 even if afterwards they took up the ear-shat- One of war's ugliest by-products.— The fate of “Notes and Queries.”— Perplexing prob- tering trumpet that calls to strife. And their lems for the cataloguer.— The Shakespeare days of obscurity were probably their hap- tercentenary.- The history of a Lincoln piest, though they did not know it at the manuscript.- Romance outdone by reality.- time. A king who goes about incognito is Staircase wit.— A “National Book Fort- perhaps more pleased with himself than when night.”— Carnegie Institution publications. The Austrian Index Librorum Prohibi- he is glittering in his court; and he is cer. torum.-" Old Nassau.”— Bibles and bombs. tainly a more potent figure to the imagina- A new suggestion in library-building. tion. It is not necessary to go back “where COMMUNICATIONS 601 Homer and where Orpheus are" to find great Shakespeare and the New Psychology. S. A. Tannenbaum. writers who passed their whole lives or a A Strange Visitor in “ The City of Dreadful great part of their days in eclipse. What is Night.” Benj. M. Woodbridge. now known about Virgil ? A few scraps of Books in Japan. Ernest W. Clement. biography we have, and one or two incidents An Interesting Prophecy. Alfred M. Brooks. touched with human interest, — the reading of EXEGI MONUMENTUM: RUPERT BROOKE. the passage about Marcellus to Augustus and Charles H. A. Wager 605 the wish he expressed to have his epic burned, but otherwise the man is unilluminated. THE FEDERATION OF THE WORLD. T. D. He moves majestic and mysterious, remote A. Cockerell 609 from the world in which he lived. Horace, MAGIC CHARMS AND JEWELS, Helen A. that merry gossip, about whom we know Clarke 610 everything, was his friend. There is no as- sumption of superiority or unlikeness to his HISTORY AS IT IS POPULARIZED. Isaac fellows in Virgil; he was simply an eater of Joslin Cox. 612 fernseed, and could not become visible to THE STORIED BUILDINGS OF VIRGINIA. them. Perhaps that is why the Middle Ages Fiske Kimball 614 accounted him a magician, and why Dante chose him as a guide to the other worlds. RECENT FICTION. Edward E. Hale 615 But we have a nearer and greater instance HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS — III. . 618 of the eclipse of personality in Shakespeare. Biography and Reminiscences. --- Travel and The odiously incredulous have denied that Description.- Art and Music.-- Miscella- there was any such personality, or have sought to transfer it to another. On the other hand, critics have tried to piece out NOTES 624 Shakespeare's character from the plays. It LIST OF NEW BOOKS 625 is probable that all creative artists do use - neous. . 592 (Dec. 23 THE DIAL themselves as a model. Like Rembrandt, they Keats's apprenticeship to obscurity lasted keep a wardrobe of costumes and accesso- until death gave him his freedom papers. ries,- helmets, swords, robes, and what not. And toward the close of his life this obscurity When they wish to paint a certain sort of was darkened by a perfect cloud of arrows person, they don his habiliments and think directed against him, — arrows of disease, of themselves into his skin. But such vicarious unfortunate love, of critical imbecility. Yet enacting does not deeply dye their own be- from it all he emerges the very image of youth ings. From the largeness of thought, vivid- and genius. Hardly any literary figure sym- ness of emotion, and generosity of feeling bolizes these things as he does. His was the throughout Shakespeare's works, one may ecstacy of the fernseed life. He could live believe that he was a noble gentleman. Be- undisturbed with the visions of his own mind, yond this it would hardly be safe to go. But, - fairies, nymphs, goddesses; he could con- it may be said, have we not the record of an sort with gay and irresponsible companions; episode of his life in the Sonnets? Perhaps! he could be confident of the future and care- Personally, I should as soon think of going to less of the day. His jaunts and junketings, market with the pieces of silver which the his middle-class life in suburban parlors, moon shining through a poplar tree coins struck Matthew Arnold as undignified. Hor- upon the path at my feet, as to take literally ace's poet who could go singing through a and prosaically the words that any lyric poet wood filled with robbers was probably undig. utters in the whirl of his emotion and imagi- nified in comparison with a Roman Senator nation. He is like a Dancing Dervish who travelling with the impedimenta of place and loses his own consciousness in the eternal. riches,— but he is more attractive. Doubtless he gets his start from some par- Keats's mantle, slipping off, fell at once ticular experience, but it is his business to upon Tennyson; and for many years, twenty forget himself and reveal the universal. But, at least, the latter lived much the same sort at any rate, Shakespeare's individuality is of life as his predecessor. His education was obscure; yet he, too, like Virgil, lived in a better, and his family and friends were, ac- gossiping and malicious age. cording to English ideas, of a higher class There is nothing uncertain about Milton. than those of Keats. But Tennyson was With Æschylus, Dante, Goethe, and Byron, apparently quite poor, often in real straits. he is one of the leaders of that other army Charles Eliot Norton reports on Carlyle's of genius, whose personalities dazzle the world authority that FitzGerald allowed him three and dominate their times. But unlike most hundred pounds a year for many years. But of these, he did not leap to the forefront there is certainly no trace of such incredible of the struggle at once. For a good many riches during his Wanderjahre. However, the years, in Italy or in Buckinghamshire, im- record of this has never been fully drawn out. mersed in study and the strenuous idleness of Apparently he wandered over the most of dreams, he passed through a quiet paradise England, living in lodgings or in country inns before emerging into his inferno. Doubtless or in friends' houses; settling now and then the energy in him even then struggled with his mother and sisters in retired places. against the obscurity that smothered up his His removed and solitary ways, his "grumpi- godship from surmise. Doubtless to his classic ness," his carelessness about dress, his absent- thought he was Apollo among the servants of mindedness about other affairs of life, are all King Admetus. But he was happy; at least, up to the best traditions of the fernseed the poems of that period, - the “ Comus," the world. Once the fate of "In Memoriam " portraits of the bright and pensive Muses, the hung upon Coventry Patmore's rescue of the odes,—though grave, are happy. It may be manuscript from a lodging-house where Ten- questioned if he ever knew happiness again. nyson had left it. It was a rich twilight Of course the heroic struggler, scarred and region of romance that the poet inhabited, defaced by intellectual battle, is the greater where Marianas could really look from moated figure; of course the heroic epics and drama granges and Millers' Daughters rise out of the of his later life are the greater poetry; but misty atmosphere of their homes. . When nevertheless, we do not like him or them half Tennyson comes out into the common light of as well. day, when he grows famous and rich, when 1915) 593 THE DIAL princes and statesmen and bishops are his explicate himself to mankind. But at most friends, the charm departs from his life, as he only shows clear by flashes, like those it did to a large extent from his poetry. Yet twin stars, dark and bright, which revolve to the last he remained the soldier of art, | about one another. encamped amid his army of dreams, apart Keats suggests in one of his letters that from the world. Could he have had his own genius ought not to have any personality at way, we should know as little about his life all, — that it ought to be merely a medium or personality as we do about Shakespeare's. through which the world exhibits itself. But But I think the most signal instance of the the dazzling ones, the men of action and art fernseed life of which we have record is that together, the Angelos, Rubenses, Goethes, and of the Brontë girls in their Yorkshire par- Byrons, are geniuses too,--so that law will sonage. A pillar of cloud hung over their hardly hold. Probably, though, the balance home; they were almost as much isolated as of great work is with the fernseed eaters - if shipwrecked on a desert island. But what the creators who exist only in their art. spiritual joys, what quiet exultations, must Perhaps in the future genius may push the have been experienced in that household! invisibility idea farther than it has done in The whole genesis of creative art is in those the past. It may disguise itself by being like imaginative “ plays” which they worked out everybody else. It may be a burgess, may together or each one secretly by herself. One vote and be voted for. Meanwhile, in secrecy, of the sisters got out a little into the world, in uncriticized seclusion, it may work out the met with disappointment and sorrow which documents of its fate, the title-deeds of its she bravely overlived and made into art. The fame. These it may hide as though they were greatest of them remained alone and aloof, offences against mankind, until it dies, when kept tryst only with the phantoms of her it may leave them to be given posthumously mind. She is the priestess of imagination - to the world. Thus the artist will have all the a Sibyl transported from Dodona to her fun of creation, and will not be hampered and Yorkshire moors. Remarkable or great as the hounded by the stupidity, hatred, and malice work of these two is, it is less regarded by the of his fellows. It is a fair ideal; and, if it world than the record of their lives. And had been put into execution in the past, would rightly, for this latter brings out in the most have saved very many of the greatest of intense and extreme degree the truth of human beings the larger part of their pain Goethe's saying that “talent is nurtured best and suffering. CHARLES LEONARD MOORE. in solitude." There are some men of genius who, do what they will, can never make themselves explica- LITERARY AFFAIRS IN PARIS. ble or plain to the world. They are born THE HOLIDAY BOOK SEASON. LITERATURE'S Loss- invisibilities who may knock and flutter at the ES IN THE GREAT WAR.- PERIODICALS IN THE windows of our souls without gaining admit- TRENCHES.- M. PAUL FORT, THE PRINCE OF POETS." tance. De Quincey, for example, lived among (Special Correspondence of The DIAL.) a set of men who were continually, writing about themselves or each other. He was per- The holiday season for the publishing and haps the greatest gossip of the group. bookselling world of Paris will be very dif- He made "copy" about everything that hap- what is ordinarily the case. ferent this year, as it was also last year, from As a rule, fine pened to him or everyone he came in contact new gift-books are issued by many of the with. His opium-eating confessions made him leading houses, and old but favorite authors for a time the most stared-at person in En- are given the place of honor in show-windows. gland. Yet with all this, there is an inviolable The principal dailies and reviews contain not secrecy about him. We never seem to get at only conspicuous book advertisements but also the real man. Perhaps he was a changeling - columns and sometimes whole broadsides of critical and descriptive notices, in disguised some elf-child may have been imposed into the form, really written by some member of the human baby's cradle. Hawthorne is another firm and paid for at so much the line. In of the mysterious ones. He, too, by means of the holiday season of 1914-15 there was a diaries, note-books, records of travel, novels great falling off in all these things. Some of written around incidents in his life sought to the smaller houses - publishers, booksellers, 66 594 | Dec. 23 THE DIAL (6 and printers - actually closed their doors, will be the cruel destruction which this war and not a few of these are still shut. But the has occasioned among the young writers in situation this year is not quite so bad as it every field of authorship, cut down often on was last year, though it is far from being the very threshold of their promise. This no nal. se facts are well brought out by fact was brought home in a most touching the special catalogue devoted to gift-books way on All Saints'-Day, at the beginning of which the Paris Publishers' Club issues each this month, by the action of writers who form winter at about this time. That for 1913-14 the society known as the Souvenir Littéraire, the holiday season before the war — contained whose aim, the constitution reads, is “to ren- 356 pages; 4600 copies were printed; 1500 der homage to the memory of men of letters francs' worth of copies were sold; over and especially to those who have been un- 13,000 francs' worth of advertisements were justly neglected.” Artistic Paris always lends inserted; seventy-three publishing houses itself wonderfully to the artistic French tem- were represented, and thirty-three periodicals perament,-if the word "art" may be used " printed therein their paid prospectuses. In in connection with the subject which I am 1914-15 — that is, four months after the now treating; and never was this more so breaking out of the war the number of than on this occasion. M. Olivier de Gour- pages of the catalogue had fallen to 119, only cuff, the talented founder of this admirable twenty-nine publishers participated, and but organization, was most happily inspired when three periodicals felt able to advertise their he chose as the spot where the gray-haired existence. As I write this letter, the edition living authors of Paris should honor their for this year is still in press; so I have not youthful confrères fallen in the defence of been able to continue this interesting com- this same Paris, the head of the grand central parison. But the secretary of the club in- alley of Père Lachaise cemetery, where, with forms me that it will contain some forty Bartholomé's powerful funeral allegories — pages more than last year, which, however, the “Monument aux Morts” — forming the will leave it nearly two hundred pages short immediate background, a solemn, patriotic of what it was before the war. Of course this tribute was paid to the more than one hun- falling off is due in a measure to the fact that dred and fifty rising writers now lost forever the public is spending its money now almost to literature. How fitting indeed was the wholly on the necessities of life, and is not frame for such a ceremony! As one walked indulging in the buying of books. It is also up this avenue to the rendezvous, one re- to be partly accounted for by the effects of marked on either hand brilliant reminders of mobilization and the wounding and killing of the intellectual grandeur of France, for there so many of the younger generation. I have are the tombs of Visconti the architect, Sainte- been struck by the number of printers seen in Beuve and Francisque Sarcey the critics, Cou- the hospitals. The head of the Hachette pub-ture and Paul Baudry the painters, Victor lishing house said to me a month ago: One Cousin and Barthélemy Saint-Hilaire the of the things that seems to characterize the philosophers, Arago the astronomer, Ledru- present struggle is the terrible mortality on Rollin the orator, Arsène Houssaye the typi- the battle field. So far we have had fifty- cal littérateur, and his son Henri Houssaye four killed among our employés. In the war the historian, and last but of course not least, of 1870 we did not lose one. A friend of mine Alfred de Musset, the leaves of whose weep- also in the publishing business has nine em- ing-willow were still green, I noted, notwith- ployés in the army. Five have been killed standing the sharp night air and the day and four wounded. You see me back in har- mists of autumn. The spirit which pervaded ness again, though I retired several years the spot was so well expressed the next day A sign, however, of returning pros- by the poet Robert Lestrange, one of the perity is seen in the renewed activity among actors in the scene - his wife delivered in his the bouquinistes along the parapet of the name with marked talent a poem written for Quai Voltaire. At the moment of the battle the occasion that I cannot give a better of the Marne all their little boxes had the description than by quoting here what he lids down and the contents removed to safer said to me: quarters. But the other afternoon when I “ It is certain that this hecatomb will cause a passed that way, I noticed that almost all of terrible gap in the heart of our young literature, them are now open again, and the same old for many a youthful and brilliant hope is thus habitués once more loitering over possible blasted in its very flower. But we mourn them “ finds." with a grief in which a certain feeling of pride is But a more permanent cause of the crip- iningled, for they have written with their blood a pling of the publishing activities of France most beautiful page of glory and they have shown ago." 1915) 595 THE DIAL themselves pure heroes. Yet it must not be con- cluded that French letters are in consequence irremediably impaired. For my own part, I be- lieve that after the war will rise up among those who are left a pleiad of writers strongly tempered in the virile school of adversity, those who, whether young or old, will have lived through these never- to-be-forgotten hours and who will surely be pre- pared to produce the finest works which can be conceived and executed. Iliads have inspired Homers, and Æschylus was a soldier at Marathon. This is the ransom of the fearful holocaust which the young literature of France must sacrifice to the ferocious German Moloch.” And here are the names of some of these vic- If any of your readers wish to aid, they may send their contributions through me or direct to M. Divoire, 16 rue Bertin-Poirée, Paris. That there is a strong literary element in the French trenches is shown in still another way, and one that is not tragic but is even touched with a note of Gallic gaiety. A few months ago it was estimated that over sixty newspapers ” were issued by soldiers at the front. In fact, an energetic publisher, whose name - M. Berger-Levrault - I have already had occasion to mention in connection with this war literature, has just issued a curious volume, “ Tous les Journaux du Front,” tims which i select almost at hazard in the 13 trs.), in which he gives facsimile extracts long sad list, led in my selection more by the from twenty of these papers, which are some- family name than by the fame or the number times printed back of the firing-line but are of the dead author's writings. Here I meet often hand-made in the very trenches them- again with Ernest Psichari, whom I first met, selves. The publisher announces that other not so many years ago, as a bright young boy volumes will follow. This one is interesting of scarcely eighteen,—the grandson of Renan; in many ways, and is a worthy example of Pierre Leroy-Beaulieu, whose father and whose father and native French wit, which if sometimes broad uncle, now dead, were both members of the is always pointed. The names of two or three Institute; Guy de Cassagnac, son of the once of these sheets will suffice to illustrate this famous Bonapartist deputy; Claude Casimir- fact. “Rigolboche," "Le Tourne-Boche,” “La Périer, son of the former President of France; Voix du 75,” and “L'Echo des Marmites," Jacques Rambaud, son of the historian of are not too bad. Nor should we overlook the Russia; Jean Maspéro, related to the great more serious tone which pervades the mind of Egyptologist, Georges Latapie, son of the di- all these military journalists, and which is rector of “La Liberté,” and Robert d'Hu- well exemplified by this extract from a letter mières, descended from the marshal of that which I have just received from Lieutenant name, one of the favorites of Louis XIV. Stéphane Lauzanne, editor-in-chief of the Most of these names appear in the little Paris “Matin” and nephew of de Blowitz- four-page “Bulletin des Ecrivains” which perhaps I may also add, whose wife is an M. Fernand Divoire, of the “Intransigeant” | American — which he writes in English from editorial staff, has been editing for the past the front: “We are quite prepared to pass year. The aim of this diminutive monthly is the winter and the spring, and another winter excellent. A copy is sent gratis to all writers and other springs if necessary 'pour avoir les at the front; it keeps standing at the head Boches. In fact, we have never been as de- of its first page a list of all those who are termined as we are now. There is no doubt killed in battle or who die of wounds or sick about the issue. We will gain at last, and ness, it gives prominence to any military civilization will gain with us.” honors which they may have received, it pro- Another literary enterprise which should vides a list of authors in the enemies' prisons, recommend itself to our men of letters is M. and is useful in many other ways to the man Paul Fort's “Poèmes de France," a neat little of letters on the firing-line. In the latest four-page sheet issued twice a month and sent number sent me by M. Divoire I read this gratis to the intellectuals at the front and in notice: "As printed matter is no longer the hospitals. Each number is made up of a allowed to circulate postage free to the front, series of patriotic poems written in the best and as there is a constant demand for copies style of the "Prince of Poets,” and which of our periodical, our expenses have consider. Guitry and Suzanne Desprès have been recit- ably increased. We are now disposed, there ing everywhere in France, the latter carrying fore, to accept financial aid from writers in the good word even into distant Finland. But civil life, several of whom have already helped perhaps I should open a parenthesis here and But we repeat once more that we will say a few words about M. Paul Fort and his not accept money from writers in the army." rather peculiar literary title. Would it not be a handsome thing if some of Those of your readers who would know our American literary men and authors' clubs more thoroughly the work of this original and were to contribute to this admirable work, brilliant poet should consult the article by whose issues, I should add, are not on sale? | Mr. Edmund Gosse in “The Edinburgh Re- us. 596 (Dec. 23 THE DIAL - view” for last July, on “War Poetry in this encircling an olive-colored face with pierc- France,” wherein the writer devotes special ing black eyes, the whole recalling one of those attention to these “ Poèmes de France," which heads seen in Florence in the Renaissance. he places first among the verse in this coun- As he comes forward rapidly to greet you at try called forth by the present conflict. But his favorite rendezvous, La Closerie des Lilas a more complete article, which is wholly given - what a poetic name for a café! — in the up to M. Fort's poetry, if we except these Boulevard du Montparnasse — and what a “Poèmes de France," came out in the Janu- fitting locality!- more than one stranger ary number of “The Nineteenth Century and there looks up and follows with his eye for After," - "Paul Fort, the Prince of Poets,'” some time this uncommon figure. I would by James Elroy Flecker. like to repeat here some of his expositions of And this brings me to the explanation of his technique and explanations of his peculiar a title which seems somewhat incongruous in forms and ways of composition, but I have the republic of letters in republican France. space left only to announce that these really Some years ago “La Plume and the “Echo notable “Poèmes de France” are soon to be de Paris" took the initiative in inviting the given a less fugitive dress, for on December writers of France to designate their favorite 15 they are to appear in book form (Paris, poet. Some acted on the suggestion, and the Payot, 3 frs. 50), under the auspices of M. poet thus specified was called the “Prince of Anatole France. In fact the distinguished Poets.” He held office for life. The first academician has given me permission to offer incumbent was Paul Verlaine, who was fol- | you his prefatory word before it has been lowed by Stéphane Mallarmé, who in turn printed here in the original French. It will was succeeded by Léon Dierx, who died in suffice as an appreciation, from a peculiarly 1912. The last named I knew. He had the competent pen, of Paul Fort as a poet. head of Leconte de Lisle as represented in the "I have not waited, my dear fellow-author, the bust in the Luxembourg garden. He led a advice of friends to read your 'Poèmes de France.' most austere life, his food being almost exclu- From the first number to the sixth, I am ac- sively milk in the closing years of his ex- quainted with these lyric war bulletins which istence. His plain little flat in the region of should be engraved on tablets of bronze. I have Montmartre seemed chill even in summer, and admired their force and beauty and their elo- he himself was exceedingly reserved. But quence, now familiar, now sublime, rough some- times but always true and profound. You are a perhaps the oddest thing in Léon Dierx's career was that, as “Prince of Poets," he poet, you are a natural one. With you an idea is a spontaneous creation. It is born with its form should have been sandwiched in between two like the works of nature. Your poems will live for such eccentrics as Verlaine and Mallarmé on the eternal opprobrium of Germany and the glory the one hand and, on the other, by Paul Fort, of France." who enjoys breaking over all the conventional I may add that the set of these sheets may be rules governing poetry approved by this earn- obtained from M. Fort at 125 Boulevard est advocate of classic forms. But the election Saint-Germain, 6 francs for the twenty-four which designated Paul Fort had a broader numbers covering the first year, December 1, basis perhaps than any of its predecessors. 1914,— November 15, 1915. The second year Some two thousand or more writers from all begins with the number for December 1, and parts of France took part in the choice, which the issues will continue every fortnight. was conducted by such Paris papers as “Gil THEODORE STANTON. Blas," “Comoedia,” “l’Intransigeant," and the Paris, Nov. 25, 1915. “Paris-Journal,” each one of which was rep- resented in the office of the first-named jour- nal when the votes were counted. So while I do not at all over-estimate the importance CASUAL COMMENT. of the office," M. Fort says very modestly, “I ONE OF WAR'S UGLIEST BY-PRODUCTS, as has do feel that the electorate which designated often been noted, is the submersion of reason me was fairly representative.” and intellect in the flood-tide of popular pas- I would like to try and depict the person- sions. Mr. Galsworthy employed this theme to ality and the intellectual methods and quali- fine dramatic purpose in his tragedy entitled ties of Paul Fort, with his thick jet black hair "The Mob,” based on English feeling during cut square at the ends, capped with a heavy the South African war. But in no conflict of dark felt hat with broad brim and framed the past has this sinister phenomenon ever below with a sombre neckhandkerchief which attained the force and ascendancy that it has hides the shirt front and leaves visible only reached to-day in every belligerent country. a thin rim of the white of the collar, and all | The military rowdies who lately broke up a ،، وو 66 1915) 597 THE DIAL 9 meeting of the Union for Democratic Control share the bread of life with my younger and less in London merely typify the present spirit of fortunate brethren. When war came I did not Europe as manifested toward every individual believe it my duty to renounce them because the who refuses to surrender his intellectual birth- hour for putting them in practice had arrived. I right and join the general hue and cry. Mr. have been treated outrageously. I knew that I Bernard Shaw has remarked of his war writ- should be; but I did not know that I should be treated so without even being listened to. ings that “the British merely spit and gibe at “I place before the eyes of every one the utter- me when they read the first sentence and find ances which have been attacked. I do not defend that it does not flatter the intolerable self- them. Let them be their own defense. righteousness which has been our bane from “I will add only one word. Within the last the first day of this war.” The same attitude year I have found myself very rich in enemies. is apparent in the German treatment of Dr. I have this to say to them: they may hate me; Liebknecht, and the French treatment of M. they will not succeed in making me hate them. Rolland. The latter, driven to Switzerland by My business is not with them. My task is to speak the words which I see to be just and humane. the insults and abuse of his fellow-country- Whether that pleases or irritates is no concern of men, recently collected into a volume entitled mine. I know that the words once spoken will “Au-dessus de la Mêlée " the papers published make their own way. I Sow them in a soil during the past year and a half in which he drenched with blood. I have full confidence in the has nobly but vainly pleaded for the highest harvest." ideals of humanity. To this volume M. Rol- land has prefixed an Introduction which can- THE FATE OF “NOTES AND QUERIES” still not be too widely quoted, and which will be its hangs in the balance. Suffering like many other own excuse for the space we give it here. periodicals from the withering blight now (For the translation, we are indebted to the afflicting all the world, and Europe especially, New York “ Times.”) this variously useful and curiously enter- “A great people assailed by war has not only taining publication has found itself strait- its frontiers to defend; it has its reason and con- ened so seriously as to render its continued science. It is imperative to save them from the existence a matter of doubt, though the latest hallucinations and the unjust and foolish notions tidings from its editor give hope of continu- that the plague of war lets loose. To each his ance, but perhaps under other and it may be office! Let the armies protect the soil of the less favorable auspices. That is, it may be country; let thinking men watch over her thoughts. forced to migrate from its familiar haunts at If these last place themselves at the service of the the Athenæum Press to new and less con- passions of their people, possibly they may be useful instruments; but they risk betraying the genial surroundings. Of course it desires to remain where it is. “Whether this shall soul, which is not the smallest part of the national patrimony. Some day history will cast up the prove possible," writes its editor to the Lon- account of each of the nations in this war; she don “Times," " depends upon the amount of will weigh the sum of their mistakes, illusions, practical financial aid which can be brought malignant folly. Let us do our utmost to insure together for the purpose. We can but com- that when we come before her our score may be mend the case to the literary men and general small. readers to whose service- as its title sets “We teach a child the Gospel of Jesus and the forth — Notes and Queries' was originally Christian ideal. All the instruction he receives at dedicated.” From the same authoritative school tends to stimulate in him the intellectual conception of the great human family. Classical source we learn that the periodical was started education makes him observe, together with the on the third day of November, 1849, by differences of races, the conimon roots and trunk William John Thoms, who a few months be- of our civilization. Art causes him to love the fore had written to “ The Athenæum” a letter deep sources of the genius of the nations. Science asking the editor to open his columns for imposes upon him faith in the unity of the intel- the collecting of miscellaneous items of the lectual life. The great social movement which is sort now known as “folklore," a word in- making the world over shows him around himself vented by Mr. Thoms and there used for the the organized effort of the working classes to unite first time. It was largely the cordial response in the hopes and in the struggles which are break- to this suggestion that decided its author to ing national barriers down. The most luminous launch his now famous publication upon the geniuses of the world sing, as Walt Whitman and Tolstoy do, universal fraternity in joy or sorrow, stormy sea that makes shipwreck of so many or, like our Latin intellects, riddle with their criti- similar ventures. But this craft rode the cism the prejudices of hate and ignorance which waves triumphantly from the first; it engaged separate individuals and nations. at once the interest and aid of some of the “Like all the men of my time, I have been nour- foremost scholars of the time, and for sixty- ished on these ideals; I have tried in my turn to six years its good fortune has not deserted it. ( - 598 (Dec. 23 THE DIAL Its plan and scope made it appeal to both welcome.” It would be of some interest and the serious-minded and the frivolous, to the perhaps also of some practical value to have scholar interested in the genuineness of the reports from cataloguers on their highest rec- signatures to Charles the First's death war- ord for cards required by single volumes and rant, and to the casual inquirer into the origin by series or sets. Useful suggestions might of the term “pot-walloper.” It has contrib- accompany these reports. uted notably to the making of “The English Dialect Dictionary," "The Dictionary of Na- tional Biography," and the still uncompleted for next April, when three hundred years THE SHAKESPEARE TERCENTENARY, planned “ Oxford Historical Dictionary.” With so honorable a record behind it, and so fair a field will have passed since the poet's death, should of usefulness before it, “Notes and Queries ” be a nation-wide if not a world-wide success, unless the energies of the Drama League of should have all the support it now asks for America to that end have been misdirected. in its time of distress. Shakespeare's own country seems likely to be PERPLEXING PROBLEMS FOR THE CATALOGUER engaged at that time in a sterner business than the presentation of pageants and the are of every-day occurrence in any large li- glorification of the Elizabethan age - the brary, and among them is the recurrent ques- tion whether a given volume- often it may more's the pity! — and there is hence the be a gift to the library, and it may take the greater reason why our people should exert form of a musty collection of pamphlets un- themselves to signalize the occasion. In “Bul- letin No. 2” issued by the Drama League are systematically bound together – is worth the careful analytical cataloguing imposed by given all sorts of helpful suggestions for those modern rules. To leave the volume uncata planning Shakespeare celebrations; and gen- logued is practically to discard it from the e erous offers of further aid and advice are made to all interested. Inquiries may be ad- library, which would grievously offend the dressed to 736 Marquette Building, Chicago. donor, if it be a gift, and in any case would On the subject of coöperation on the part of seem to the cataloguer an unpardonable dere- libraries, the Bulletin says that an extensive liction; but to catalogue it properly — and no annotated bibliography and a similar smaller slipshod work is to be tolerated in the modern American library -- might require a day's Congress for the assistance of schools and list are being prepared by the Library of work, or even two days' work, and the writing clubs and societies planning celebrations, and of a hundred or more cards. It is the special library, oftener . than the ordinary public li- continues : In this connection the part to be brary, that has to confront situations of this played by libraries (to which many librarians are much alive) may be touched upon. Many sort. Mr. Frederick Warren Jenkins, of the will make a special feature of Shakespeare Russell Sage Foundation Library, gives us in shelves and collections, providing in particu- his current Report a hint of what it means to lar for the use of schools the collections recom- catalogue such a collection. He says: “Even on a conservative basis, fine analytics and Some (e. g., Boston) will have courses of lec- mended in the bibliographies referred to. many cards are necessary in the catalogue of tures by specialists; some, exhibits of Shake- the special library. As example: the number A national committee and a of cards made for four small sets may illus- speareana. national memorial are among the interesting trate: For the United States Report on Con- dition of Woman and Child Wage-Earmers in probabilities and possibilities touched upon in this notable Bulletin. 19 volumes, 82 cards were made; for 4 vol- umes of the National Child Labor Committee publications, 375 cards; for 8 volumes of the THE HISTORY OF A LINCOLN MANUSCRIPT is Russell Sage Foundation pamphlet publica- made public for the first time in the preface tions, 396 cards; and for 9 volumes of the to a small book containing the lecture on New York State Charities Aid Association “Discoveries and Inventions" which Lincoln publications, 514 cards. A single book occa- delivered in a number of Illinois towns, in- sionally requires many cards to bring out its its cluding Springfield, a short time before his contents properly in the catalogue. election to the presidency. Mr. John Howell * Child in the City,' published under the aus- of San Francisco now puts this interesting pices of the Chicago Child Welfare Exhibit. address between the covers of a book, and required 88 cards, while for Kelynack's 'De- publishes a “memorandum” concerning it fective Children’ 82 cards were made. The from the late Dr. Samuel H. Melvin, into number of analytics to be made is a difficult whose possession the autograph manuscript question to decide, and suggestions are always had come in the following manner: “In the 1915] 599 THE DIAL month of February, 1861, being at that time vincing verisimilitude, whereas if the above- a resident of Springfield, Illinois, I called one named invention is anything more than a evening at the residence of my friend, Dr. newspaper fiction we shall ere long have some John Todd. The doctor was an uncle of Mrs. authentic facts and figures; and if the tre- Abraham Lincoln. While there Mr. Lincoln mendous effectiveness of this new scheme for came in, bringing with him a well-filled coast-defence be all that is rumored, the toils satchel, remarking as he set it down that it and troubles of those now so busy with plans contained his literary bureau. Mr. Lincoln for military preparedness will have been, for- remained some fifteen or twenty minutes, con- tunately enough, so much misdirected energy. versing mainly about the details of his pros- The command of a force so powerful as to pective trip to Washington the following make war an impossibility has long been the week, and told us of the arrangements agreed upon for the family to follow him a few days sober scientists — and it may still continue to dream not only of romancers, but also of later. When about to leave he handed the be a dream, or on the other hand some such grip above referred to to Mrs. Grimsley, the happy consummation as that depicted in the only daughter of Dr. Todd, who was then a late Simon Newcomb's remarkable romance, widow but who subsequently became the wife of Rev. Dr. John H. Brown, a Presbyterian inconceivable or impossible. "His Wisdom the Defender," is not entirely minister located in Springfield, remarking as he did so that he would leave the bureau in her charge; that if he ever returned to STAIRCASE WIT, l'esprit de l'escalier, the apt Springfield he would claim it, but if not she repartee that comes to us too late, as we are might make such disposition of its contents going down the stairs, is possessed or may as she deemed proper. A tone of indescriba- be acquired by almost everybody, whereas the ble sadness was noted in the latter part of the flashing quickness of appropriate rejoinder sentence.” Five years later, after Dr. Melvin that all would like to be masters of is some- had taken part in escorting the dead Presi- thing born with one and impossible to acquire dent's body to his old home, he called again later. Nevertheless, education can do some- at Dr. Todd's, was reminded of what seemed thing toward making a person fluent and to have been a presentiment on Lincoln's part graceful in conversation, and it can perhaps that he should not return alive to Springfield, do still more toward giving him the mastery and was invited by Mrs. Grimsley to select of a ready and skilful pen. Such, at least, any manuscript he liked from the satchel seems to be the opinion of the writer of a above mentioned. His choice was the lecture rather curious little book that has just come now published by permission of his son, to our attention. It is called “The Happy Judge Henry A. Melvin of the California Phrase" and is further designated as “A Supreme Court, who is the present owner of Hand-Book of Expression for the Enrich- the manuscript. ment of Conversation, Writing, and Public Speaking." It is "compiled and arranged ROMANCE OUTDONE BY REALITY is no new by Edwin Hamlin Carr, thing. An instance of inventive ingenuity mends itself by bearing the imprint of the that may make commonplace and wearisome Putnam publishing house. A generous sup- the once amazing creations of Jules Verne's ply of short phrases for the three purposes imagination is now claiming public attention indicated on the title-page is to be found in perhaps more attention than it will pres- the compact little volume, though the advisa- ently be found to have deserved. Mr. Nikola bility of their inclusion is not always beyond Tesla's alleged contrivance for projecting dispute. For instance, among the conversa- enormous volumes of electrical energy to a tional phrases, “It is a beautiful piece of great distance without wires, and with un- industrial accomplishment” may well be out- paralleled destructive effect, eclipses the won- side the unaided reach of the average person, ders conceived by Mr. H. G. Wells in his but “Isn't that jolly?” and “A capital idea! earlier works of fiction, and makes tame that might safely be left to unassisted endeavor. marvellous romance by Bulwer-Lytton, “ The For “Speech and Writing" the eye hits upon Coming Race," an astonishing piece of work “An age crammed with war, The policy of in its day. Readers of F. Marion Crawford military unpreparedness,” and “The patriot- will recall the astounding things done with ism of the common people,” which have a electricity by the hero of “With the Immor certain timeliness; and among “Happy Com- tals.” There, however, the vague and safe binations" we find “Exorbitant prices," indefiniteness of fiction-writers science left “Rigid economy," "Hard facts,” and “Shat- something to be desired in the way of con- tered hopes," which also strike a responsive . 600 (Dec. 23 THE DIAL to it chord. Mr. Carr believes his book to be a special societies and of individuals, as well as pioneer in its way, and in truth the volume of certain establishments, like the British does fill a niche that has hitherto been un- Museum, which quite rationally prefer to occupied. purchase publications instead of receiving them gratuitously, all of the Institution's pub- lications are offered for sale at nominal A "NATIONAL Book FORTNIGHT," described as“ a national campaign to widen the circle of prices, which are only just sufficient to cover the cost of bookmaking and transportation to book-buyers," was recently engineered with purchasers.” At present the Institution has considerable success by the English Publish: purchasers.” ers' Association. During the two weeks from on hand about 126,000 volumes of its publica- tions, and the collection is valued at nearly November 22 to December 4, the eve of the great book-buying season of the year, the Lon- $237,000. don and provincial press printed daily columns of special book matter supplied by the Asso- THE AUSTRIAN INDEX LIBRORUM PROHIBITO- ciation and consisting of original articles by RUM, one of the by-products of the great war, Mr. H. G. Wells, Mr. Arnold Bennett, Mr. has been steadily increasing from the begin- A. C. Benson, and other well known writers; ning, seventeen months ago, and is said now and classified lists of the season's books were to include several hundred works, large and included. An elaborate and imposing Christ- small. As samples of what is considered per- mas catalogue, specially prepared for this nicious literature by the authorities at Vienna purpose, was distributed by the local book- we quote the following titles from a late num- sellers. “Although the war has not affected ber of the “Amtsblatt,” the official journal of the book market so disastrously as many people the government: “Berlin to Bagdad: New anticipated,” says the London “ Times,' Aims of Central European Politics," by Dr. has nevertheless added heavily to the handicap von Wirdstettin : “My Adventures as Spy,” of an ancient trade which has been struggling by Lieutenant-General Sir Robert Baden- against adverse circumstances for many years past. It has served also to emphasize the Powell ; “The Life of Jean Jaurès” (author not given); “Para Pacem (anonymous); truth of the familiar words of Felix Dahn, who said: "To write a book is a task needing only Czech Association in Vienna; a postcard “The Awakening," published by a patriotic pen, ink, and paper; to print a book is rather with the Pope's “Call to Peace" printed on more difficult, because genius often expresses the back. One of these books at least, Sir itself illegibly; to read a book is more difficult still, for one has to struggle with sleep. But Robert Baden-Powell's spy adventures, is ex- to sell a book is the most difficult task of all.”” tremely interesting reading, as we chance to know; if the others are equal to it, the list is worth keeping for future use when an anti- CARNEGIE INSTITUTION PUBLICATIONS are dote to ennui is desired. properly valued and made good use of at most of the three hundred and twenty larger libraries where they are regularly received as “OLD NASSAU," Princeton's famous song, gifts, twenty or thirty substantial volumes comes into passing public notice at this time being thus sent yearly to each beneficiary. by reason of the death of its composer, Pro But now and then a library thus favored is fessor Karl A. Langlotz, of Trenton, N. J., at found to be remiss either in promoting the the age of eighty-two. He had in his day usefulness of these gifts or in acknowledging been professionally associated with many of them, or in both particulars; and such negli- the world's leading musicians and composers, gence brings its proper penalty in the drop- and had formed one of the orchestra led by ping of that library's name from the list. Wagner when “Lohengrin” was for the first The current Report of the President of the time presented at Weimar. He held his Institution devotes some space to this subject famous Princeton melody in but light esteem, and to the general method observed in the though fifty-four successive classes of Prince- sending out of its publications. With justice tonians have sung it with enthusiasm and it is maintained that no such indiscriminate paid due tribute of honor to its composer. free distribution as is often requested by the The words of the song were the inspiration of unthinking is financially possible even to so Harlan Page Peck, of the class of 1862, and well-endowed an association. “ Its entire there are few American college songs written income would be insufficient to meet” such by undergraduates that equal it in fame and demands, declares the President. But, he age. Dr. Washington Gladden's well-known adds a little later, "to meet the needs of Williams song, The Mountains" — both 1915) 601 THE DIAL " Com. “ Lar. words and music being his work — antedates " Com. Take't; 't is yours. What is't? “Old Nassau," as Dr. Gladden is a '59 man “ Mar. I sometime lay here in Corioles and the song was a student performance, as he At a poor man's house; he us'd me kindly.- has pleasantly related in his autobiography. He cry'd to me; I saw him prisoner, But then Aufidius was within my view And wrath o'erwhelm'd my pity. I request you BIBLES AND BOMBS, linked in ironical part- To give my poor host freedom. nership, are at present conspicuous among the Oh, well begg'd! products manufactured in and exported from Were he the butcher of my son, he should Be free as is the wind.- Deliver him, Titus! this country, to the no inconsiderable profit of the manufacturers and exporters. That Marcius, his name? danger and death should create a demand for "Mar. By Jupiter, forgot! - books of devotion is easy to understand; and I'm weary; yea, my memory is tir'd.- Have we no wine here?" that the countries now involved in war should be unable to supply this demand is not to be Why did Shakespeare introduce into one of the wondered at; but that the abnormal activity longest of his plays such an apparently trivial of the munitions-factories should tend to incident as his hero's begging for the life of a speed up the printing presses of the Bible prisoner whose name he had forgotten? Most of the editors and commentators point out the fact houses, with resultant profits of a magnitude that Shakespeare found this incident in his origi- not unwelcome to the latter, is a curious devel- nal, in North's translation of Plutarch. Deighton opment out of the terrible tangle in which the regards the occurrence as an indication of Corio- whole world — moral, industrial, commercial, lanus's “ tenderness of heart." Gervinus refers to financial, social, and even religious — has be- it as an indication of one of the “good” traits in come so inextricably involved. The sailing the hero's character, a “fit of feeling in a god ships that used to clear from the port of of stone." As far as I can find, only one editor- Boston for heathen lands, with missionaries in F. A. Marshall, in the “Henry Irving edition" of the cabin and Bibles and Medford rum in the Shakespeare,— has noted the fact that the drama- tist departed from "his original” in making hold, were freighted incongruously enough; Coriolanus forget the name of one who had for- but a cargo of scriptures and shells is worse. merly shown him hospitality. Reference to Plu- tarch's Life of Coriolanus shows that the poet did A NEW SUGGESTION IN LIBRARY-BUILDING depart from history in the matter referred to. comes from California, the pioneer State in Plutarch does not, it is true, give us the name of the Volsce whom Coriolanus recognized in the more than one library movement. In the cur- heat of battle, and whose liberation he would have rent quarterly issue of “News Notes of Cali- demanded had not at that moment his pity been fornia Libraries" is printed a brief paragraph overwhelmed by wrath at the sight of his great from a San Francisco journal, as follows: enemy — Aufidius. But neither is there anything "As the city has decided to use the municipal in Plutarch to lead one to infer that Coriolanus railway earnings to buy the library bonds, did not remember the name of his benefactor. work on the building has been resumed. The Assuming - and it is an assumption that we have sale of the library bonds has been slow because Shakespeare knew what he was about when he every right to make — that so skilful an artist as of the low interest. Thus the San Francis- adopted anything from his sources and that he did can who boards a street-car to take him to the not reject or retain anything hap-hazard, it be- library in quest of a book both gets his ride comes an interesting question why he departed for his nickel and at the same time helps to from Plutarch in this particular incident. It will provide funds for completing the library be noted that Marcius attributes his defect of building — accomplishing two worthy objects memory to fatigue (“ I'm weary, yea, my memory with one coin, which is infinitely more praise- is tird”). But it can hardly be believed that worthy than killing two birds with one stone. Shakespeare meant to tell us no more than that his hero was tired after the exploits of the day. The stirring speech that Coriolanus delivers before his General, and his demeanor throughout the COMMUNICATIONS. scene after the battle, contradict his theory of SHAKESPEARE AND THE NEW PSYCHOLOGY. mental fatigue. Besides, fatigue cannot obliterate the names of our friends and benefactors from (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) our memory. Why, then, does Shakespeare, while There has always been considerable fascination following his original so closely as to expose him- for me in the following brief passage from one of self to the charge of plagiarism, depart from it in the less popular of Shakespeare's great tragedies such an apparently trivial matter as the remem- ("Coriolanus," I. 9, 79-92): bering of the name of an insignificant Volscian? The gods begin to mock me. I, that now That Shakespeare did so is sufficient proof that Refus'd most princely gifts, am bound to beg the matter is not trivial, is not insignificant. To Of my lord general. me whatever is in Shakespeare's great works is * Mar. 602 (Dec. 23 THE DIAL right,--poetically, dramatically, and psychologi- quently, the individual, the conscious ego, the cally. I am convinced that there is no more inter- host, is but rarely aware of the true character esting or instructive way of studying a great of uniny ed guests. That is why it is such a artist than to see him at work, in the act of crea- difficult task to know oneself. The ancientest tion, as he is remolding his crude original and philosopher of whom we have any record spoke giving it the breath of life. The little episode we wiselier than he knew when he formulated the are now considering affords us an opportunity to fundamental maxim of his philosophy in the see Shakespeare at work. words: Know thyself! How difficult a task this The question we have to consider is why does is can be appreciated only now since the revela- Coriolanus forget the name of his sometime host? tions of the new psychology are showing us what It is evident that he expected to remember the a filmy veneer over the true personality is the part name and that he is chagrined at having forgotten of ourselves that we present to the view of the it (“ By Jupiter, forgot!”). Can we explain this work-a-day world. To see ourselves as others see occurrence? and what, if any, is its significance ? us would indeed bring us a little nearer to self- Thanks to the “new psychology” of Professor knowledge, but only a little. The poet would per- Sigmund Freud, these questions can be answered haps have sung truer had he prayed for the gift without much difficulty. to see ourselves with the eyes with which we see It is one of the fundamental principles of this others. But we cannot know others until we know new psychology, the only psychology deserving the the inmost part of ourselves, our unconscious name, that nothing in the domain of mental selves. phenomena happens “by chance," that all our But let us return to the consideration of lapses thoughts and actions — even the most apparently of memory. It must be borne in mind, however, insignificant ones are determined by complex that we are dealing only with the forgetting of psychic processes. Just as there is no effect with- those names which the individual ought to remem- out an adequate cause in the physical world, so ber and expects to remember, and the forgetting there is no "accident" in the psychic world. I illus- of which is accompanied with disappointment. trated this principle (the law of psychic determin- Such a forgetting is really a failure on the part ism) some time ago in a short essay dealing with of the function of memory; it is not a passive Dr. Rank's discovery of what he believed to be a dropping from the memory, but an active expul- slip of the tongue in “ The Merchant of Venice." sion from the memory. It is now well established It was there shown that every so-called "slip" of that just as we can concentrate our mental ener- the tongue has a meaning. Such a slip is really gies to recollect something so we can concentrate only a slip of the attention, of the person's ability those energies in the effort to forget what is pain- to keep to himself what is going on in his mind. ful and disagreeable. This voluntary and pur- The censor or guardian that watches over the posed forgetting of our painful experiences, ideas, unconscious ego and stands between it and the and desires, is called "Repression." But, alasi conscious personality has been caught napping, the repressed matter is not always content to lie and one of our secrets has escaped from its cell dormant; it takes advantage of every oppor- and broken through the lines into the realm of tunity to escape from confinement, to enter into consciousness. The person guilty of the slip may association with the rest of our psychic life, to not be aware (i. e., may not be conscious) of the influence our conscious life and to give vent to the intruding idea and may not know the meaning of emotion associated with it. It is this partial fail- the slip, but that it has a definite meaning is cer- ure of repression that is responsible for what the tain and may be discovered by the process known Germans call Fehlhandlungen, an expression for as psychoanalysis, or soul analysis. Now, the which the English language has no equivalent. failure to recollect a name or word that one ought By Fehlhandlungen we mean such acts as slips of to remember and expects to remember is nothing the tongue, slips of the pen (miswriting), certain but a slip of the memory, and is not accidental. printer's errors, mislaying objects, lapses of mem- It is due to some unconscious motive, i. e., to a ory, mishearing, misreading, misrecognition, and motive of which the individual is not at the time many still more complicated mental and physical conscious. Our unconscious personality is always acts, e. g., accidentally letting something fall, for- true to us; it is franker, sincerer, and honester getting to carry out resolutions, throwing a stone than our conscious ego, alas! our "normal" and "accidentally” hitting someone with it, etc., selves. It is true that our unconscious personality etc. To the uninitiated these assertions may seem is selfish, without a touch of altruism, and un- ridiculous; but let any skeptic submit himself to moral; but it is always true to us and to our a psychoanalysis and their truth will be demon- interests. The unconscious ego seeks, above all, to strated beyond the shadow of a doubt. avoid every unpleasantness, to exclude from con- We all feel flattered when an eminent personage sciousness any idea that may give the individual remembers our name, especially if he had met us displeasure. It is only when the censor is asleep only once or twice and not under peculiarly favor- or napping that our selfish or wicked desires slip able conditions. It is as though the great man their leash and force an entry into the forbidden said to us: “ You are of sufficient importance domain presided over by culture and civilization to have me remember your name." On the other and hypocrisy. In most instances, however, they hand, we all feel some resentment and humiliation do not pass the censor in their true shape, but when we find that our name has been forgotten by enter consciousness in some disguise. Conse- a person of some importance or by one who we 1915) 603 THE DIAL moner. think ought to remember us. This explains, too, gifts), his gratitude for benefits received and his the comic effect produced on the stage and in books gracious condescension in remembering a com- when the name of one of the characters, usually Coriolanus's renunciation of more booty the “ villain,” is distorted every time it is spoken. than what he considers his just share, his generous Shakespeare has noted, in "King John," that tribute to the many “ without note," his modesty, “ new-made honour doth forget men's names." etc., as shown in Act I, and especially in this From what Coriolanus says – " he used me scene, are well calculated to make us — - even the kindly," — and from what we know of him, his spectators forget the hero's weaknesses. To profession, his valor, and his hostility to Aufidius, it guard against this the dramatist ends the scene seems that at some time he found himself hemmed- the act, we may say — with a subtle reminder of in in Corioli and that he owed his escape to the the protagonist's tragic failing - his hatred and friendly shelter of the resident whose name he had scorn of the people. Even at the climax of the forgotten. It might occur to someone to ask at portraiture of Coriolanus's better parts, the poet this point: “If Shakespeare followed Plutarch so gives those who have the eyes to see a glimpse of accurately in this matter why should there be any his one great weakness. The little slip of the mem- doubt about this? Was Coriolanus indebted to ory is psychologically and dramatically determined. the Volscian and for what?" The answer to these S. A. TANNENBAUM. questions not only contains the answer to our New York City, Dec. 15, 1915. main query (why Coriolanus forgot the name) but furnishes a striking and extremely interesting A STRANGE VISITOR IN “THE CITY OF illustration of Shakespeare's method of work. Let DREADFUL NIGHT." us say at once that, notwithstanding the assertions (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) of the editors and commentators, Shakespeare did It may be a matter of surprise to your readers, not slavishly follow Plutarch, but changed what he as it dumfounded me, to learn that James Thom- found in accordance with his insight into the souls son (“B. V.”) is the author of an interesting of men and the requirements of his stage. That tribute to François Rabelais. The essay, reprinted the reader may judge for himself, I transcribe the in “Biographical and Critical Studies," was writ- following from Plutarch: “Only, this grace (said | ten, perhaps as a pot-boiler, for Cope's “ Tobacco he) I crave and beseech you to grant me. Among Plant.” We get a hint of this origin in the the Volsces there is an old friend and host of author's regret that the great abstracter of quin- mine, an honest wealthy man, and now a prisoner; tessence died before making the acquaintance of the who, living before in great wealth in his own “ herb of herbs, which is tobacco. Had time and country, liveth now a poor prisoner, in the hands fortune but made him acquainted with it," con- of his enemies." tinues Thomson, we may be sure that tobacco Be it noted that in Plutarch the Volscian is "an and not vile hemp, would have been recognised by honest [honorable], wealthy man" and "an old him as the herb Pantagruelion." friend” of Coriolanus. Shakespeare makes him The first, biographical part of the essay is of no a poor man ” who had befriended Coriolanus in a time of need. It now becomes apparent, if we legend which modern research has destroyed, but bear the character of Coriolanus in mind, why the the second part is an amazingly sympathetic ap- Volscian's name was forgotten. He was a poor preciation of the work of Rabelais. We may or man, a plebeian, and it galled Coriolanus to think may not regret that the sombre poet of “The that he — the haughtiest and the valiantest of the City of Dreadful Night" did not imbibe more aristocrats of Rome - was beholden to one of the deeply of the Pantagruelian philosophy,-"cer- common people. The poor Volscian's name would taine gayeté d'esprit conficte en mespris des choses have suggested his plebeian origin, and would have awakened Coriolanus's inveterate resentment for good evidence that the reading of Rabelais brought fortuites," -- but at least it is pleasant to find the many-headed and rank-scented multitude him some hours of gaiety. against whom he can never cease railing. Corio- We think of Thomson one continually lanus's contempt and prejudice are so deep-rooted wrapped in gloom, who had left behind all hope to and joy at the gates of the nocturnal city which common people. for him was life. Yet he could see more than one The introduction of Coriolanus's failure to recall side of the shield. “Profound thought and crea- the Volscian's name is one of those subtle and tive genius may wear a riant not less than a tragic magical touches of which none but Shakespeare face, or, in some instances, the one and the other was capable. The common soldiers, the aristoc- in alternation; and there are even instances in racy and the generals are, for the time being, which one-half the mask has been of Thalia and enamored of the hero of Corioli; his weaknesses the other of Melpomene; for wisdom and genius are forgotten; his titanic pride, his egoism, his are not necessarily, though they are more fre- impetuosity, and his contempt for the people are quently, grave. Democritus the laugher seems to overlooked. Instead of these, they — and we have been a philosopher yet more subtle than only his valor, his honor, his dignity, his physical Heraclitus the weeper .. and Aristophanes, I prowess, his fearlessness, his filial love, his domes- suppose, had at least as much imaginative genius tic virtues, his lofty mind, his brilliant leader- as Euripides." ship. To crown all these, the poet shows us his As bits of well-phrased and effective criticism, I hero's freedom from avarice (in refusing princely | may cite the following. Contrasting the satire of 66 as - see 604 (Dec. 23 THE DIAL “ Both see next year. 66 Swift and Rabelais, Thomson says: mental work now approaching publication, as with a vision that cannot be muffled through all described in the “ Japan Times” of October 21. the hypocrisies and falsehoods, all the faults and " Every country in Europe has a trustworthy, follies of mankind; but the scorn of Rabelais rolls exhaustive dictionary of its language, but it is a out in jolly laughter, while the scorn of Swift is a matter of great regret that Japan has not been bene- saeva indignatio — the one is vented in wine, the fited by such an acquisition. This inconvenience will other in vitriol.” Again, speaking of the inex- be removed by the Japanese Lexicon' which has haustible exuberance of the Frenchman's vocabu- passed all stages of compilation, thanks to the 15 lary, he says: “I remember reading somewhere years' assiduous application of Prof. Uyeda of the Tokyo Imperial University and Prof. Matsui of the of two Oxford or Cambridge professors discussing Tokyo Higher Normal School. This invaluable work whether Shakespeare or Milton had the greater will be published in four volumes, the first having command of language, when one remarked con- already passed the last proof-reading, while the other clusively: Why, in half-an-hour Shakespeare three volumes will be issued within three years from would have slanged Milton into a ditch!' I take it that Rabelais would have slanged Racine into a “Last Tuesday evening a dinner was given in the ditch in about five minutes.” I have rarely seen Seiyoken, Uyeno, in honour of the two scholars by their friends. The function was attended by Premier a more Gargantuan blow dealt to French classi- Count Okuma, Barons Kikuchi and Goto, Dr. Takata, cism, which, when it deigned to speak of Rabelais Minister of Education, Vice-Minister Ishihara of the at all, treated his book as an inexplicable enigma. Household Department, and some 150 distinguished Possibly Thomson was thinking of Rabelais scholars and educationists. when he wrote in his “Proem": " Minister Takata paid a glowing tribute to the O antique fables! beautiful and bright, guests of honour, emphasising the fact that there has And joyous with the joyous youth of yore; been hitherto no reliable dictionary of the Japanese O antique fables ! for a little light language, especially for foreign students, but that Of that which shineth in you evermore, the new dictionary by the two scholars will efficiently To cleanse the dimness from our weary eyes, fill up the gap. And bathe our old world with a new surprise “ Then followed the Premier's address, in which he Of golden dawn entrancing sea and shore." recounted that the first dictionary compiled in the Orient was that completed in the reign of the Chinese BENJ. M. WOODBRIDGE. Emperor Shih, its vocabulary, however, containing University of Texas, Dec. 12, 1915. only 1,200 words. The Kanghsi Lexicon, an authori- tative Chinese dictionary, was compiled in the early stages of the Ching dynasty and comprised some BOOKS IN JAPAN. 70,000 words. The new Japanese Dictionary by Profs. (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) Uyeda and Matsui is exhaustive, treating 220,000 words. Its Mss. are 140 ft. high. The perseverance The following paragraphs from the “ Japan and energy of the Professors are entitled to the high- Times” of October 13 will serve to give an idea est praise, concluded the Premier." of what Japan reads. The “publication market" ERNEST W. CLEMENT. mentioned therein is a yearly affair. Tokyo, Japan, Nov. 21, 1915. “The result of the publication market in autumn is the barometer as to what books are favoured by the people in this country. This season at the Tokiwa- AN INTERESTING PROPHECY. kadan Restaurant, Uyeno, for four days between the (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) 7th and 11th inst, 184 publishers of the Tokyo Pub- lishers' Guild placed their publications on the market. Among those of your readers as keenly inter- Over 300 booksellers are reported to have come up ested as I in Professor Showerman's delightful -- from Formosa, Korea, Manchuria, and the Loochoo I am tempted to say, delicious - review of islands as well as from various parts of Japan proper “Modern Painting," by Mr. Willard Huntington to enjoy the benefits offered by the market. The sale Wright, in your issue of Nov. 25, there may be for four days totalled some 170,000 yen [$85,000], some who are unacquainted with, or who have of which such leading publishers as the Maruzen, forgotten, the sentences with which Mr. Birge Hakubun-kan, Okura, Rikugo-kan, and Fuzanbo se- cured each more than ten thousand yen ($5,000]. Harrison closes the fifth chapter of his book on “Landscape Painting": " Publications dealing with popular science have enjoyed the keenest demand; next come those relating “When I try to draw aside the veil, and peer into to popular history and geography; and the linguistic the mists of the future, I seem to see another art, less literature and dictionaries, especially the German- material, more akin to the pure spirit of music; an Japanese Dictionary by Prof. Tobari, have expe- art stripped of all that is gross and material; an art rienced a warm welcome. That the German-Japanese in which abstract beauty alone shall rule. In this new Dictionary has increased in favour may be due to the art values may very possibly be unnecessary, and all European war. will be stated in terms of beautiful color. “ So-called small series editions and detective sto- This is not yet, however; and any art which is to ries have seen their day and are now not found even endure must be true to the spirit of its own age.” on the auction list. Novels and romances are quite This prophecy was uttered five years ago. There unpopular. As for the works of Mr. Rabindranath are few, Mr. Wright's “ Modern Painting” to the Tagore, the keen demand for them ceased with the confirmation of the rumour that he would give up his contrary, who believe the prophecy realized at this. intended visit to this country.” time. ALFRED M. BROOKS. I should also like to call attention to a monu- Indiana University, Dec. 14, 1915. 1915] 605 THE DIAL One may a - The New Books. of this year on the still more futile expedition to the Dardanelles. There is a certain pain- ful appropriateness in the fact that one who EXEGI MONUMENTUM: RUPERT BROOKE.* perceived so plainly the irony of life, the eternal disproportion between effort and The real artist, who knew what he was achievement, should be associated with two imitating, would be interested in realities and such tragic blunders. He died of blood- not in imitations; and would leave, as memo- poisoning in the Ægean on the twenty-third rials of himself, works many and fair; and, of April, at the age of twenty-seven, and was instead of being the author of encomiums, he buried in the island of Scyros. would prefer to be the theme of them.” These apply to him Pater's exquisite words concern- words of Plato, true at all times, were never ing Shakespeare's Claudio: “Called upon more evidently true than now. To write suddenly to encounter his fate, looking with poetry, to think about poetry when half the keen and resolute profile straight before him, world is in the agony of dissolution; when he gives utterance to some of the central men to whom life looks as fair and tastes as truths of human feeling,” though in Brooke sweet as to us face death hourly with a smile; that utterance is far from being "the sincere, when what we have known as civilization concentrated expression of the recoiling flesh." seems to be reeling back to the barbarism For it is perfectly evident from his verse that whence it sprang, and we know not what new he felt, without shrinking, the shadow of ap- earth may at last emerge from the chaos over proaching death. The group of sonnets pub- which the powers of darkness and not the lished in 1914 after the outbreak of the war Spirit of God are moving ;-to deal with deals almost exclusively with this theme. poetry at a time like this, we feel and justly Among them are the lines, now famous : feel, requires an apology. It will evidently “: be no “idle singer of an empty day” that “If I should die, think only this of me: That there's some corner of a foreign field can engage us at such an hour. It will be That is for ever England. There shall be poetry that is sincere and profound, that In that rich earth a richer dust concealed; expresses what our life veritably is — poetry, A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware, in a word, that is real. And even such poetry Gave, once, her flowers to love, her ways to may be postponed to happier days,- days less roam, urgent, less solemn, on whose fortune hang A body of England's, breathing English air, less vital issues. But if, in our search for Washed by the rivers, blest by suns of home. something that will distract our minds for an “And think, this heart, all evil shed away, instant from the horrors that obsess them, we A pulse in the eternal mind, no less should come upon noble poetry which has Gives somewhere back the thoughts by England been translated into heroic deed, upon this we given; may dwell without accusing thoughts. "This," Her sights and sounds; dreams happy as her we say, “is suited to the hour.” And such day; poetry we find in the verse of Rupert Brooke. And laughter, learnt of friends; and gentleness, Here is a monument not of song only, but of In hearts at peace, under an English heaven.” glorious act, and not of act only, but of It is natural to allow our judgment of sacred song. Here is an artist who was “in. Brooke's poetry to be swayed by the romance v terested in realities, not in imitations," and of his fate; natural, too, to estimate all his has left behind him, as memorials of himself, work in the light of a single triumphant works, not indeed many, but very fair. utterance like this sonnet. One approaches The brief record of the poet's life is by this his collected poems, therefore, with a certain time well known. Born into a cultivated misgiving. Can one retain one's critical judg- . family, endowed with unusual physical beauty ment in the face of so strong a temptation to and charm, trained in the best English schools, surrender it? But repeated readings of the loved and admired by hosts of friends, recog- volume only confirm one's first impression. nized as a poet of great promise, he offered Here is verse of great distinction, modern in himself at the outbreak of the war for the method and feeling, but almost wholly free defence of the land to which he owed the from the excess which blights the newer gifts that made life dear to him. He saw schools of poetry; verse that is in no sense active service in the trenches during the futile academic, and that yet belongs, on the whole, v Antwerp expedition, and sailed in February to the ancient, sound English tradition. * THE COLLECTED POEMS OF RUPERT BROOKE. There is, no doubt, an occasional grossness of duction by George Edward Woodberry and a biographical note image, an undue emphasis upon unpleasant by Margaret Lavington. With portrait. New York: John Lane Co. odors and upon certain ugly facts of the body, With Intro- 606 (Dec. 23 THE DIAL but this is the only evidence that the evil consolations, his shadowy but quenchless hope, communications of our day have in any wise his ecstasies flawed with the sense of their own corrupted his excellent poetic manners. There impermanence. They have always a charac- are few metrical experiments, and those most teristic touch, a delightful difference, that successful. This poet has no need of license; marks them as the poet's own, and they are he has fulfilled the first duty of the artist,- always ended with a felicity that not even the to confess the limitations of the medium in greatest Elizabethans invariably achieve. which he works. And in that medium he has Take, for instance, Campion's stanzas begin- achieved effects of extreme beauty: a delicate ning, “When thou must home to shades of and varied music, an exquisite management underground,” with its half-dozen lines of of pause and quantity, an unobtrusive inven- pure and faultless loveliness, and its impo- tiveness of rhyme, happy verbal "finds" or tent conclusion, and compare it with Brooke's revivals — yet without a touch of pedantry,– sonnet, “Oh! Death will find me, long before rich and vivid imagery. It is not, on the I tire.” The younger poet is here handling av whole, simple poetry, though simplicity, too, theme on which it is difficult not to be remi- was within the range of the poet's gift; but niscent of the elder, but the individuality of certainly the comparison with Donne that has the treatment, the lightness of touch, the been suggested is quite unwarranted. There breadth and suavity, above all, the inimitable is nothing in him of the tortuosity of the grace of the closing couplet make the sonnet metaphysical school and its modern imitators issue triumphantly even from so perilous a There is, indeed, no point in trying to place testing. the poet, to evaluate him by comparison with “Oh! Death will find me, long before I tire vothers. It is enough to determine whether his Of watching you; and swing me suddenly voice, now silent, was indeed an authentic Into the shade and loneliness and mire voice of poetry. Yet I cannot forbear to re- Of the last land! There, waiting patiently, mark that in his best and most serious verse there is a grave stateliness that is all but “One day, I think, I'll feel a cool wind blowing, Shakespearean. Such a sonnet as “The Busy See a slow light across the Stygian tide, Heart” would not be wholly out of place in And hear the Dead about me stir, unknowing, And tremble. And I shall know that you have the immortal series that deals with the golden died, youth and the Dark Lady. Nor am I afraid to say that it is a better sonnet, because a “And watch you, a broad-browed and smiling dream, nobler and profounder, than the famous Pass, light as ever, through the lightless host, Since there's no help, come let us kiss and Quietly ponder, start, and sway, and gleam - part” of Drayton. Most individual and bewildering ghost! - “Now that we've done our best and worst, and parted, “And turn, and toss your brown delightful head I would fill my mind with thoughts that will Amusedly, among the ancient Dead." not rend. (O heart, I do not dare go empty-hearted) So much, though a good deal more might be I'll think of Love in books, Love without end; said, for the poet's manner. But what is after Women with child, content; and old men all the most vital aspect of the work of any sleeping; poet who is worthy of the name is the ideas And wet strong ploughlands, scarred for certain and emotions that it expresses, the revelation grain; that it gives us of the man behind it. In the And babes that weep, and so forget their case of a young poet, nothing is so character- weeping; And the young heavens, forgetful after rain; passion of love, and here our poet is at his istic and revealing as his treatment of the And evening hush, broken by homing wings; best. There is in much of his love poetry a And Song's nobility, and Wisdom holy, That live, we dead. I would think of a thousand refreshing and unexpected note, a recognition things, of the truth that love and life are not quite Lovely and durable, and taste them slowly, identical, that those other minor "loves " upon One after one, like tasting a sweet food. which he dilates, the humble and fleeting joys I have need to busy my heart with quietude." of earth, may "impart a gusto" even to the There are, indeed, several of the sonnets grand passion, and that they may almost that seem to echo the rich Elizabethan music. console for the lack or the loss of it. This is They have often the same motif, the illusion clearly not due to any want of virility or and the futility of passion. But they are not incapacity for intense feeling in the poet's echoes, they are voices, gravely uttering the nature; for there are poems in this volume poet's own experience of life, his sorrows, his! that sing the ecstasies of love in a fashion 1915) 607 THE DIAL - that would "create a soul under the ribs of we're beyond the sun we're beyond the sun" is an admirable exam- " death.” It is due rather to two qualities that fple of that blending of poetic graces and are sufficiently rare in men of so ardent a felicities, half humorous, half sober, with a temperament as his,- a certain clear-eyed 4 wholly profound and sincere idea, which gives sense of the limitations of the great passion, his verse its rare distinction. And in this and a kind of mystical reticence or remote- case, the underlying idea is unmistakably ness, a withholding of himself, a recognition 4 Platonic. of the finiteness of man's heart; and these “Not with vain tears, when we're beyond the sun, two qualities save him from being a mere We'll beat on the substantial doors, nor tread harp for the winds of passion to work their Those dusty high-roads of the aimless dead lawless will upon, and make him the master Plaintive for Earth; but rather turn and run of his music. He knows that, Shakespeare Down some close-covered by-way of the air, notwithstanding, love is Time's fool, - that Some low sweet alley between wind and wind, with the fading of beauty, fades also the pas- Stoop under faint gleams, thread the shadows, find sion that it inspired and that idealized it. Some whispering ghost-forgotten nook, and there “ Oh, I'll remember! but . . . each crawling day Will pale a little your scarlet lips, each mile “Spend in pure converse our eternal day; Dull the dear pain of your remembered face.” Think each in each, immediately wise; In the height of his ardors, he can still antici- Learn all we lacked before; hear, know, and say pate the coming of the inevitable day when What this tumultuous body now denies; kindliness shall take the place of love, when And feel, who have laid our groping hands away; And see, no longer blinded by our eyes." ".. the best that either's known Touches of Platonism, indeed, are frequent. Will change and wither and be less, At last, than comfort, or its own The delightful lyric, " Tiare Tahiti,” devoted Remembrance." to one of his wandering loves, embodies a He recognizes also within himself and regis- charming and whimsical application of the ters a certain incapacity to rise to the highest doctrine of the Symposium. Life is soon levels of passion, the sudden chilling impo- things end, not in the grave—that were too over, love is fleeting, all fair and earthly tence that falls upon a temperament too reflective to yield itself to the enthralling commonplace a conclusion — but in the world of Types of which the poet-philosopher tells moment. us, the world of "the divine beauty, pure and “ There are wanderers in the middle mist, clear and unalloyed, not clogged with the pol- Who cry for shadows, clutch, and cannot tell Whether they love at all, or, loving, whom. lutions of mortality and all the colours and ... Of these am I." vanities of human life." It will not do, of course, to interpret such “And my laughter, and my pain, admissions too literally. They may be partly Shall home to the Eternal Brain. And all lovely things, they say, dramatic, or the effect of a fleeting mood of Meet in Loveliness again. self-reproach. Yet they recur too often to be ignored, and they are moreover quite in char- And there'll no more be one who dreams acter. But if any reader is inclined, because Under the ferns, of crumbling stuff, of these Hamlet-like misgivings, to think of Eyes of illusion, mouth that seems, the poet as a lover without ardor, he has only All time-entangled human love." to turn to such a poem as “Mummia” in order But alas, it is precisely “the colours and to be persuaded that the lady to whom these vanities" that are dear to us and make our verses were addressed would be exacting in- fleeting life so dear. The world of Types is deed if she were not content with such a poet- something chilly and remote to warm-blooded lover. “Love's for completeness," he insists, earth-dwellers, and hence the poet draws the and since completeness is unattainable in this practical and inevitable conclusion: fragmentary and distracting world, it is “Hasten, hand in human hand, necessary to postpone the highest raptures Down the dark, the flowered way." and rewards of love to another life, where love It is the old cry of the poets, but touched in is bodiless. Like the romantic poets of every these verses with a mysticism that half re- age, he recognizes the human limitation; but deems it from the charge of mere earthliness. unlike the less wise of them, he acquiesces in “Heaven's Heaven,” the poet knows, though it, and this acquiescence gives to his work, "we'll be missing despite its intense modernity, a touch of the The palms, the sunlight, and the south." v antique repose, the Platonic mysticism. The It is this oscillation between the keenest, sonnet that begins “Not with vain tears, when most poignant enjoyment of the things of " 608 (Dec. 23 THE DIAL sense and a realization of their transiency in profounder satire upon the incorrigible ma- relation to a world where they are transmuted terialism of man, but it is not more essentially into ideas that gives the poet's verse its char- humorous than our poet's conception of meta- acteristic note, a note that is neither sensuous physics as imaged in the fishy mind. nor reflective, but a subtle blending of both. “One may not doubt that, somehow, Good “I have been so great a lover," he cries,-S0 Shall come of Water and of Mud; great a lover that his love embraces well-nigh And, sure, the reverent eye must see all the things of earth. In the poem from A purpose in Liquidity. which this phrase is taken, he enumerates the We darkly know, by Faith we cry, objects of his love, and a motley assemblage The future is not Wholly Dry." they are: “wet roofs beneath the lamplight," Yet the poet, despite his youthful gaiety "the strong crust of friendly bread," "the and his rapturous delight in life, is profoundly cool kindliness of sheets that soon smooth serious. The transiency of beauty and love, away trouble,” “Sleep; and high places; the eternal antimony of the relative and the footprints in the dew." These things, too, absolute, these are his themes. And it is diffi- must pass, like greater things; but before cult not to connect them with the thought they end, he desires to record his love of of early death which runs like a subsidiary them. He loves them simply, humanly, with motif through all the intricate harmonies of out reference to their poetic value. He is his verse. It is not the mere morbidness of capable of homely as well as of extraordinary youth, the shadow cast by its brilliant sun- joys. Not being a product of over-sophistica- shine. It is a part of the great adventure of tion, he has no inclination to treat “the mere living. He looks forward with curiosity un drift or débris of our days” as if it were not. assuaged to the freedom, the wisdom, the And yet there is often a lurking symbolism in unknown joys, the taintless love of that his treatment of the most commonplace and ampler, that diviner world. objective themes, which is all the more effec- There the sure suns of these pale shadows move; tive for being implicit. The dining-room at There stand the immortal ensigns of our war; tea-time and the examination-room are filled Our melting flesh fixed Beauty there, a star, for an instant with august presences, “im- And perishing hearts, imperishable Love." mote, immortal,” beside the everyday or the Nor does this obsession of the brevity of life grotesque beings who are visible and audible - for it is no less — issue in lethargy or in there. A night-journey by train is an image quietism; but rather in the felt need of "re- of that other mysterious journey of which the deeming the time," not because the days are end is appointed, in which, evil, for they are a procession of beauty and "Lost into God, as lights in light, we fly." opportunity, but because they are few. And The fish in his cool, crystalline world feels so the poet, with the pathetic human craving dimly “the intricate impulse” that disturbs for immortality, hastens to give what perma- man, in his no less limited being, with long- nence he can to the crowding, evanescent ings from beyond the element that engulfs loves, 6 the scented store him. Thus the poet's homely loves verge upon, Of song and flower and sky and face" tend to unite with, his more exalted ones, as both are absorbed in the Idea. which his spirit has acquired. There is no But it must not be inferred that all this hoarding of joys, no "stern, spiritual frugal- ity" here. Nor, on the other hand, is there high thinking and poetic feeling are un- unbridled lavishness. All the manifold ele- touched by gaiety. Everywhere, even in the unbridled lavishness. ments of his vivid and eager life are in their most incongruous situations, though with no effect of incongruity, the poet's humor plays place, and compose” at last in an ordered picture. There is, moreover, little of the over the high themes with which he deals, and thus redeems them from the portentous who have a lifetime in which to elaborate groping, tentative manner of young poets seriousness which is the bane of the young their image of the world. There is little of artist. His most eloquent verse is sane and the youthful awkwardness that disfigures the cool, never over-fervid or grandiloquent, and early work even of a Keats. This is young his lighter verse is altogether charming. It is poetry to be sure, with all the charm and difficult to imagine a more successful thing of vivacity of youth; but it is ripe poetry, too. its kind than “The Old Vicarage, Grant- The Fates that denied him length of days chester," with its blending of gaiety and gave him in compensation an early and a rich gravity, beauty and burlesque; and the poem maturity. One can hardly regret the work called “Heaven" is a little triumph of satiri- of which his death has deprived us, for what cal felicity. Caliban upon Setebos” is all he has left us is so admirably complete. The 1915) 609 THE DIAL monument that he has built for himself has the courage and determination which the pres- the finality, the freedom from effort, the ent crisis should arouse, to attack the greatest serenity of an Attic grave-stone. One may of all evils. even rejoice that such gifts as his are en-, It is not supposed that the world will live shrined henceforth beyond the reach of in amity as the result of a general increase change. of personal righteousness. Something more “ We have found safety with all things undying, than this, something dynamic, is required. The winds and morning, tears of men and mirth, The machinery must be created for the devel- The deep night, and birds singing, and clouds opment of international activities. Already flying, much machinery of this kind exists, for cer- And sleep, and freedom, and the autumnal earth." tain limited purposes. Thus we have the Like the actors in the carven pastoral of International Postal Union, and numerous Keats's Ode, he remains immortally young, international societies of various kinds, some beautiful, heroic, flinging out his songs in the of which legislate for their members in regard face of Death, never to be touched by the to certain matters. Science is completely in- decay and squalor that overtake, too often, ternational. The fact is, that militaristic the loveliness of earth. governments represent the survival of the CHARLES H. A. WAGER. ideals of a past age, and are out of joint with the progressive elements in modern civiliza- tion. The methods of diplomacy, no matter how THE FEDERATION OF THE WORLD.* able the diplomats, are doomed to failure. After the war, what next? Shall we settle They are wholly undemocratic, and are left down to get ready for other and more dread in the hands of men who belong to the ruling ful wars, or will it be possible to develop an classes, “a caste strongly entrenched in eco- internationalism that will render all wars nomic and social privileges and with few impossible? Mr. Hobson does not underesti- opportunities for gaining knowledge of or mate the magnitude of the step which he advo- sympathy with the life of the general body of cates in his book, "Towards International the nation." Thus the fate of millions is decided as the outcome of a game, in which the only practical alternative to a condition both sides are ignorant of the consequences of which he hopes and believes mankind will no their actions, and indifferent to the broader longer tolerate. considerations of justice and humanity. This In the first place, it will by no means suffice may be true, in spite of the fact that the par- to “crush German militarism,” as the phrase ticipants are highly trained, extremely able, goes, and then expect all to be well. As the and anxious to do their duty. It is especially author rightly insists, the thing to be crushed important to appreciate this point, because an in Germany is not primarily an army and apparently formidable argument against in- navy, but a state of mind, a spirit of na- ternationalism lies in the lamentable failure tional aggression, proud, brutal and unscru- of negotiations between the picked men of pulous, the outcome of certain intellectual and Europe. Where these have failed, how shall moral tendencies.” This condition of mind is others succeed? The answer is, that we need not peculiar to Germany, but exists more or for this work a quite different type of mind; less in all countries, founded as it is on the we need men who will study the problems baser instincts of mankind. Its manifesta involved, weigh the consequences, and decide tions in private life are discouraged by every upon the merits of each case with due regard means possessed by society and the State, but to all the peoples concerned. Such men exist in national affairs it is made respectable un- in sufficient numbers to make a beginning; der the cloak of patriotism. It is a long step and when the Federation of the World is an forward to do away with this colossal vice; established fact, men will be trained for this but as Mr. Hobson remarks, we are not enter- | kind of service. It will no longer occur to ing upon any new policy, but only extending anyone that he who strives for the welfare of to larger affairs that which we have long humanity is in any degree injuring his own relied upon in lesser. Within the memory of country. those living, many ancient idols of respecta- In all of this, there is no spirit of amor- bility have been shattered, and many estab- phous "neutrality.” Mr. Hobson's attitude is lished customs called into question; many as far as possible from that of the academic others are visibly doomed, and it needs only jellyfish who believes that all opinions were born free and equal, and are equally entitled TOWARDS INTERNATIONAL GOVERNMENT. By J. A. Hobson. New York: The Macmillan Co. to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happi- Government,” but he tries to show that it is de 610 (Dec. 23 THE DIAL ness. The reviewer will suggest the phrase is desirable, indeed it is perhaps necessary, to “Dynamic Neutrality” to express the status organize the forces of internationalism sepa- of those who are neutral in the sense of keenly rately in each country, to furnish as it were desiring the welfare of the peoples of all roots for the tree which we hope will eventu- warring nations, but who also desire to do ally bear the fruits of peace. everything in their power to bring about a T. D. A. COCKERELL. just solution of the matters in dispute. This is the neutrality of a good police officer, who uses force only when other means fail. It seems to Mr. Hobson that it will be necessary MAGIC CHARMS AND JEWELS. * for the united nations to at least be in a posi- Since Spencer and Gillen made their ex- tion to use force against any group which haustive study of the manners and customs refuses to accept the established sanctions, but of the aboriginal Australians, and Dr. James in the course of time this type of settlement G. Frazer showed in his invaluable work on will be less important. “Social, moral and Totemism the relations between the ideas of economic pressure," as recommended by the this most primitive of peoples and those of International Congress of Women at the later phases of barbarism, one instinctively Hague, would ultimately bring any civilized expects to find the origin of most supersti- country to terms. To the military minded, tions in the customs of the Australian Bush- this sounds like a weak remedy; but imagine men. In whatever direction this dusky origi- the consequences to a nation “if all diplo- nator of ideas may be found lacking, it is matic intercourse were withdrawn; if the in- certainly not in that of a universal belief in ternational postal and telegraphic systems sympathetic magic, with its accompanying were closed to a public law-breaker; if all developments in the working of charms by inter-State railway trains stopped at his fron- the wise men of the tribe, and through talis- tiers; if no foreign ships entered his ports, manic objects. and ships carrying his flag were excluded Dr. George Frederick Kunz, in his new from every foreign port; if all coaling sta- tions were closed to him; if no acts of sale book, “The Magic of Jewels and Charms, has collected an immense amount of valuable or purchase were permitted to him in the material, which some future anthropologist outside world.” This implies a unanimity of world-opinion which has never yet been ap- relationship of magic to the development of with a connected theory on the subject of the proached, but it would come perhaps as the result of full and accurate information, gath- tively to great advantage. This material is human thought will be able to use illustra- ered and circulated by an international body made doubly valuable by an indication at the commanding general respect. Long before foot of each page of the sources whence the any such extreme measures were adopted, the data are derived. One looks in vain, how- questions involved would have been discussed ever, for any constructive plan in the work. from every angle, and their bearing accu- The author has strung his facts together in rately estimated. Knowledge and responsi- an almost totally unrelated fashion, like a bility may be expected to bring clarity of vision : "the agitator and the yellow journal precious and otherwise, held together by a colossal necklace of every variety of stone, ist who work by spreading fears, suspicions thread of narrative so weak that it breaks at and jealousies, and by imputing false motives times. A person of encyclopædic memory to foreigners, owe all their power to the atmos- phere of ignorance in which they work.” may enjoy packing facts, so presented, away It appears to the reviewer that it is high in the pigeonholes of his brain; but a thinker time to organize a council or unofficial parlia- demands an arrangement of data into some ment for the consideration of international harmonious whole, which will stimulate his questions in this country. Such a group powers of thought. It is true that Dr. Kunz might do much to clarify public opinion, by often offers interesting often offers interesting observations, but ascertaining and making known the facts re- these are sandwiched in like another sort of lating to public affairs, and exposing the out- bead on the string, and are so frequently pre- rageous misrepresentations with which the fixed by a "perhaps" or a "probably " that press is filled. It might also serve as a mouth-their authoritativeness is greatly diminished. piece for the latent international good will Although the author has not brought for- which is at present almost inarticulate. Pro- ward any new theory in regard to the develop- posals for an international council of this ment and degeneration of thought in relation type, to sit in Europe, are now before the • THE MAGIC OF JEWELS AND CHARMS. By George Frederick public, and certainly deserve support; but it Kunz. Illustrated. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co. 1915] 611 THE DIAL а to magic charms and stones, an absorbing ave- tive superstition becomes modified as time nue of study is opened up by his labors. Some goes on, until its original significance is alto- day, no doubt, not only the material heregether forgotten, and the attributing of magic brought together but the researches of others properties to an infinite variety of objects will be drawn upon for a scientific synthesis as seems merely an arbitrary fancy! This mul- complete as Dr. Joseph E. Pogue has furnishedtiplication of magic objects began in the most for a single stone in his elaborate study of the primitive times. Every animal, every tree, “History, Mineralogy, Geology, Ethnology, every stone, might be a totem. Sometimes Archæology, Mythology, Folklore, and Tech- the totem was itself the ancestor of the tribe, nology of the Turquoise.” In the meantime, sometimes it was a personal guardian spirit, anyone familiar with the work of such men and then again it was merely the repository as Tylor and Frazer will find many an inter- of such ancestral or guardian spirits. esting comparison suggested to him as he Another primitive idea, that of producing browses in this rich field of facts. desired effects by sympathetic magic, i. e., by When we read in Dr. Kunz's book that St. some action which was thought to be imitative Apollonia of Alexandria is said to cure tooth-of the desired result, is, in the end, combined ache and all diseases of the teeth, the reason with the use of magic stones. Rain-making for this being that at her martyrdom all her stones are among the most interesting of this beautiful teeth were pulled out, we are re- sort, several examples of which are given by minded that the primitive Australian was in Dr. Kunz. The Dieri tribes of Central Africa the habit of knocking out a tooth or two upon believe that rain can only be produced by the ceremonies at the initiation into man- magic ceremonies through the intercession of hood, and that this queer practice was by no ancestral spirits. In one of these ceremonies means a meaningless ritual, but was founded two large stones are used. upon the belief that a part of the soul was in “ After a ceremonial in the course of which the this way preserved for re-incarnation in the blood drawn from the two chief sorcerers is future. At least, so many similar customs smeared over the bodies of the others, the stones and their evident relationship with totems are borne away by these two sorcerers for a dis- and totemism seem to indicate. In this way tance of about twenty miles, and there put up human teeth, and also the teeth of totem ani- upon the highest tree that can be found, the object mals, became magical objects. Another link evidently being to bring them as near to the clouds in the chain is supplied by Dr. Kunz when he as possible." relates that in southern Russia a favorite In another ceremony, rock-crystal as a rain amulet, especially valued for the protection compeller finds honor. To bring down rain of children and the cure of their diseases, is from the sky, the wizards of the Ta-ta-thi a wolf's tooth, or an imitation of a wolf's tribe in New South Wales tooth made of bone and set in a ring. An- “break off a fragment of a crystal and cast it other phase of the mythology of teeth is shown heavenward, enwrapping the rest of the crystal in in the custom of the Indians of Equador, feathers. After immersing these with their enclo- Mexico, and Central America of decorating sure in water and leaving them to soak for a while, the teeth with precious stones, burial remains the whole is removed and buried in the earth, or having been discovered with the teeth so hidden away in some safe place. The widely decorated. "Among the Mayans here jadeite spread fancy that rock-crystal is simply congealed seems to have been the stone principally of this stone as a rain maker." water may have something to do with the choosing favored for this purpose; while in Mexico hematite has been met with in Oaxaca, tur- Another ceremony shows the primitive rain quoise in Vera Cruz, and at other places in stone as influenced by Christian dogma. the land rock-crystal and obsidian.” Thus “ Stone crosses have sometimes been used as from a point of view where the teeth were rain-bringers, as in the case of one belonging to considered so valuable as the magic reposi- St. Mary's Church in the Island of Uist, one of tory of the soul that they were knocked out drought prevailed here, the peasants would set up the Outer Hebrides off the Scottish Coast. When for safe keeping, we come to the stage where this cross, which usually lay flat on the ground, in their value must be preserved by magic talis- the confident belief that rain would ensue. Of mans; with intermediary phases, where an course, sooner or later, it was sure to come, and animal's tooth or an imitation of it takes the then the cross, having done its duty, was quietly place of human teeth, or where a saint whose placed in its former horizontal position." teeth had been sacrificed was especially gifted While the mysteries connected with such in curing the toothache. magic charms as teeth, ordinary stones, and These are only a few facts, yet how much many other quite unromantic objects, cannot they reveal of the processes by which a primi- | be explained without delving into primitive « 612 (Dec. 23 THE DIAL origins, it is quite comprehensible that an which sometimes were, sometimes were imag- electric gem such as the tourmaline for exam- ined to have been, formed inside of human ple should impress a primitive mind, as it does beings or animals, and all having magic sig- our own, with the strangeness of its proper- nificance; stones which were sacred to the ties. Here is an inorganic body in which the gods of various peoples, gems upon which spirit can actually be awakened and made to angel figures are engraved, - until the reader do things before our very eyes. What Dr. feels as if wandering in some magnificent Kunz has to say of the tourmaline comes treasure vault of ancient story, with freedom under the head of fact rather than of magic. to take all he can carry away with him. He tells us that the electrical quality of this Only a tiny handful has been carried away stone was first noticed by some Dutch chil- and brought to notice by the present reviewer. dren, who were puzzled to see bits of straw Every reader is therefore advised to go and and ash attracted by some crystals of tourma- gather for himself in this treasure house of a line that had been brought from the Orient. virtuoso who, though he has not furnished a A belief in the magic properties of amber, clue to the labyrinth, has surrounded every not only as a curative agent, but as a gener- one of his gems with a halo of scientific and ally helpful sort of object to have around, imaginative interest. especially in the form of a necklace, goes The book is a large-sized quarto, beautifully back at least to the days of Thales. Much printed on heavy paper, and is enriched with interesting lore in regard to this stone, as a generous supply of unusually satisfying well as to another magnetic stone, the load- illustrations, some of them in color. stone, has been collected by Dr. Kunz. HELEN A. CLARKE, The part played by precious stones in magic lore is an infinitely varied one. Here, beauty furnishes the mystery,-- a beauty which "flashes its laugh at Time.” A spirit HISTORY AS IT IS POPULARIZED.* locked up in a diamond might be expected Between the professional historian and the never to escape. Volmar, in his “Steinbuch,” irresponsible hack writer a great gulf is after enumerating all the well known pre- fixed, and rightly so. But occasionally from cious stones, proceeds to relate that opposite sides of the chasm each attempts to “ There is one which produces blindness, another hurl a missile at his supposititious rival, -as that enables the wearer to understand the lan- guage of birds, still another that saves people effort seems to call for a rejoinder; although, does the author of " The Road to Glory.” The from drowning, and, finally, one of such sovereign power that it brings back the dead to life. How- in the interchange, the provocative champion ever, we are told that because of the miraculous is likely to go unscathed. Let us hope that virtues of these stones God hides them so well that the innocent bystander, totally unconscious or no man can obtain them.” mildly curious, may be equally fortunate. To this may be added the witness of Saint Mr. Powell complains that the highway of Hildegard of Bingen, who wrote that “just history is altogether too dusty. Consequently as a poisonous herb placed on a man's skin his “ road” must be liberally sprinkled with will produce ulceration,” by an analogous blood. This remark is prompted by one of though contrary effect, certain precious his recent letters from the war front. Evi- stones, if placed on the skin, confer health dently he dotes on gory scenes, but his reader and sanity by their virtue.” As Dr. Kunz is likely to become wearied with the excessive observes, since the discovery of radium and carnage through which he is forced to wade. its effect upon disease, it is quite believable The stone wall with its firing squad; the that the numberless stories about the cura- deadly “storm of lead," spitting forth pro- tive properties of stones, especially magnetic miscuously on the parched plains of the stones, are based upon scientific fact. Southwest (possibly in default of more wel- The chapter about meteorites contains a come showers, but varied occasionally by a mélange of science and myth, not in the least rain of arrows, javelins, and less familiar welded together, but nevertheless full of in- weapons); the miasmatic swamp, tropical teresting information. Other chapters deal jungle, savage-infested forest, and snow-clad with “Fabulous Stones,” “Snake Stones and mountains, all of these afford an interest- Bezoars,” and “ The Religious Use of Stones.” ing setting for Mr. Powell's glorious roadway. In these chapters we may wander through a But through frequent use in melodramatic labyrinthine museum of stones and gems, offering, these properties have become taw. among which we shall find stones that are By E. Alexander Powell. Illus- purely figments of the imagination; stones > # THE ROAD TO GLORY. trated. New York : Charles Scribner's Sons. 1915) 613 THE DIAL dry, and afford but poor disguise to the garments of fur and leather,” coonskin cap author's sanguinary puppets. and all, is an heroic figure; but he does not His chief characters are indeed but pup- need a fanciful interview with President pets, faintly suggesting the best creations of Tyler and Secretary Webster to establish this Kipling or Stevenson, but more familiar in fact. Of course, such an interview affords a the old time ten-cent “ thriller.” Witness his more dramatic climax to “the greatest ride” “two gun men,” with bowie knives in their than a mere appearance before a missionary teeth, exhibiting the filibuster in proper board. Accordingly our reporter, with a aureole. But Mr. Powell would have us headline in mind, undeterred by an absolute believe that such men won “three-fourths of lack of competent authorities, makes his story the territory of the United States." They did correspond with his wishes. How difficult to win for themselves and their countrymen a bury an historical legend, when it lies so con- hatred and fear, mingled with contempt, that veniently near the pseudo-militant highway! the Latin-American does not yet wholly con- One hesitates to pursue “ The Road to ceal in his intercourse with their more cul- Glory” farther, although our guide promises tured successors. They paved the way for strangely lurid stretches in Africa, Sumatra, the later settlers of Texas much as the pesti- and Japan. The failure to maintain a proper lence that preceded the coming of the Pil perspective nearer home casts doubt upon all grims providentially favored the planting of his journeyings. With equal distrust we note New England by ridding it of inharmonious that time and place mean little to him. Louisi- natives. We do not deny that the era of the ana, the steamboat, and Texas are hopelessly filibuster needs a more adequate treatment confused in chronology, and so are Nolan, than any reputable historian has yet accorded Hidalgo, and their contemporaries of the first it; but it also demands a more restrained chapter. The American people are noted for judgment than the present work reveals. their rapid migrations, but two years is too The same over-emphasis characterizes the short a time to introduce twenty thousand of whole volume, and mingled with it is a prac- them into Texas, - even with the schooner on tice even less praiseworthy. In the bath-tub the Gulf assisting the “prairie schooner" in interview between Napoleon and his brothers, the process. Winter crops may concern the Mr. Powell introduces Joseph's clenched fist, present residents of that commonwealth, but although Henry Adams (his unnamed author- in 1835 they influenced the volunteers that ity) does not confirm this little by-play. Mr. captured Bexar less than the Mexican consti- Adams's pages, however, abundantly attest tution of 1824. It was in behalf of that docu- the “Roadster's" diligence as a copyist, espe- ment, rather than for “the flag with a single cially when describing the Indians of the star," that the defenders of the Alamo died. Northwest. His propensity to exaggerate te One can excuse Mr. Powell for not know- again appears in the assertion that Harrison's ing the Salcedoes apart; but he ought at encounter with the Indians on the Tippe- least to master the career of the Kempers, canoe "started an avalanche which ended by and not put Calhoun, perforce, into hickson's crushing Napoleon." The avalanche, really a cabinet. Some years ago, indeed, à well tidal wave, was already started; but it would known and fairly constant Democratic candi- be difficult to prove that our entire second date for the presidency urged the wisdom of struggle with Great Britain greatly affected inviting the vice-president to confer with its course, not to mention this minor frontier the cabinet. But the American people did skirmish. Again Jackson, almost unaided, not then empower him to form one, and his achieves (in these pages) the “conquest” of stormy patron saint of the earlier day cer- the Floridas. We will not quarrel with Mr. tainly cherished no such intention to honor Powell's use of the term to describe this his running mate. Incidentally we might acquisition, but a more judicious view of the suggest to our chronicler that their estrange- events leading up to it would include Jeffer- ment affords a good story; but in view of the son, Madison, Monroe, and, above all, John present performance, we have no desire that Quincy Adams. he should undertake it. Avoiding diplomats Our guide does not greatly fancy "suave on principle, we cannot expect him to be accu- frock-coated diplomats,” and rightly assigns rate in regard to our affairs with Spain; but them the lesser part in winning our national he should do better in respect to his filibuster- domain; but he ignores these gentlemen in ing favorites. “high black stocks" altogether too much. On We can also, with reason, ask our con- the other hand, he errs as grievously in bring- ductor to pay more attention to his geogra- ing his frontiersman into the diplomatic cir- phy. He should not, even for a "joy ride, cle. Marcus Whitman, “in his worn and torn assemble "the Spanish Cortes in Mexico." 614 (Dec. 23 THE DIAL are even Nor should he confuse Natchitoches with hope not. Had he called his volume “The Natchez, for they mark separate stages in Paths of Glory” we might, for the nonce, the advance of our frontier. "Tallahassee" quote Gray's famous line with more assur- may be substituted for Pensacola, if necessary ance that another useless but harmful book to change at least one word in a cribbed will speedily rest in the grave it deserves. sentence; but it does not strengthen the ISAAC JOSLIN Cox. context, - largely derived, without any ac- knowledgment whatever, from Henry Adams. "Austin alone is confusing apart from the “San Felipe" with which it was joined in THE STORIED BUILDINGS OF VIRGINIA. * early days; it does not designate the capital The colonial mansions of Virginia have fig- on the Colorado. "Tohopeka” and “Horse ured in many books and have been the object ' Shoe Bend” are joined on one page and sepa- of more than one special treatment, that of rated on another, with some resulting confu- Mrs. Sale being hitherto the most complete. sion. A glance at the proper map would All of these yield in elaborateness and inter- show “Palo Alto” and “Resaca de la Palma " est to Mr. Robert A. Lancaster's "Historic on this side of the Rio Grande. Perhaps Virginia Homes and Churches," now pub- Doniphan's “Thousand" marched six thou- lished in a limited edition. ” The author's sand miles, but their annalist does not clearly statement that his book includes a practically show how he measures this extensive “Anaba- all the principal Colonial homes of historic sis," nor does he substantiate his claim that it interest is scarcely an exaggeration, and added a territory larger than the whole there many relatively obscure United States at that time. These few in- These few in- houses from times considerably later than the stances - and they form only a small part of colonial period. With its three hundred fine the errors, in place as well as in date -- will illustrations from photographs, many of them serve to show how little reliance is to be showing buildings now destroyed or altered, it placed in the author's accuracy or honesty of forms a veritable corpus of Virginian archi- purpose. tecture. But he has produced a readable book! Among the many buildings here illustrated “Solar plexus blows," "varsity football practically for the first time, one may note ” team,' " "racing skull at Poughkeepsie," "accu- especially Long Branch, Dover, and, above racy of Matthewson across the plate," -- these all, Bremo, as superb examples of the Vir- phrases are as familiar as they are likely to ginia mansion. ginia mansion. The last especially, a joint prove ephemeral. “Stealing candy from a product of the architectural genius of Jeffer- child” will popularize almost any plagiarism. son and the solicitude of its owner, General Perhaps the United States acquired Florida Cocke, deserves to be ranked with Westover, in the manner that suggests the neatness Mount Airy, Mount Vernon, and Monticello and dispatch of a meat-cutting machine,” but in skilful composition and beauty of aspect. one times of these everlasting carnal similes. A single very desirable addition to the list They might be more bearable if one had confi- occurs to the reviewer,— Jefferson's own sec- dence in their accuracy. But like the descrip- ond house at Poplar Forest, still standing, tions of the battlefields that line his bloody unique in its octagonal form. "Road," they are largely the product of a Since Mr. Lancaster is an officer of the disordered imagination. Virginia Historical Society, and has had the In itself this inaccurate and thoroughly assistance of many of the foremost historical reprehensible book is unworthy the attention workers in the state, his text might well be we have given it. But it represents a certain expected to clear up many of the doubtful type of pseudo-historical writing that cannot questions regarding the times when the houses be too strongly condemned. With all his were built. There is in his pages, to be sure, shortcomings, the “ dry-as-dust historian" has a wealth of family history,—the descent of no such misdemeanor as this to answer for. the estates is accurately traced, the names of Nor are the publishers wholly guiltless, for the builders are given, and there is much nearly every page exhibits manifest errors new material regarding the younger and that cursory editorial supervision could easily smaller places. Of thorough-going research check. Careless reviewing,- of which the into the origins of the older and greater present writer has already noted some con- places, however, there is little. The often spicuous, if respectable, instances,— may ob- repeated views and dates recur, in passages tain for this book wider reading than it which the specialist readily recognizes as bor- merits; but for the sake of Mr. Powell's • HISTORIC VIRGINIA HOMES AND CHURCHES. By Robert A. reputation as a war correspondent, let us Lancaster, Jr. Illustrated. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co. a 1915) 615 THE DIAL us. rowed word for word from earlier local works, but the first masterpiece of a long succession even though the author has often neglected of books which began with the birth of some- quotation marks and references. Mr. Lancas-body and ended at one place or another, ter makes no attempt to give any sketch of usually marriage. Among them have been the general development of Virginian archi- some of the best English novels, “David tecture, for which he has furnished such rich Copperfield,” “Pendennis," "The Mill on the material. Indeed, throughout the text, he is Floss."; and there are plenty more in other less concerned with the buildings themselves literatures as well as English. But until than with their occupants and associations. lately it has hardly been a favorite form with It would have been interesting to trace the It certainly has some disadvantages for gradual transformation of Virginia houses and the reader, in spite of what must be advan- churches from the half-mediæval character of tage to the writer. It lacks the definite the earliest examples to the neo-classic splen- impression that may be made by an abler han- dors of Berry Hill and the Monumental dling of plot, although it does give one a wide Church at Richmond. English styles had here range of opportunity and call for correspond- their reflections,-clearly, as in the florid ing abilities. Georgian of Westover, the strictly Palladian Mrs. Norris's “The Story of Julia Page" of Mount Airy; more dimly in the delicate begins with Julia's very early days,- indeed vernacular of Mount Vernon. With the inter- it begins with her mother before there was vention of Jefferson, above all in the design of any Julia. It goes on, not until Julia had , the Capitol in Richmond, however, began a become as old as Robinson Crusoe, but to the striving for something more universal, based point where she seemed to have got over the directly on the scheme of the classic temple. main struggles of existence. For all this, there In its literalness, as well as in its relation to may be very good reasons. Mrs. Norris may the Roman cast of our early republicanism, have wished to show how a girl of poor begin- this movement had aspects specifically Amer nings, who wanted to conquer, could conquer, ican, and gave us, for more than a generation, and that in a fine way, a fine place in Amer- a distinctively national architecture. ican life. Or she may have wished to deal The amateur and traveller, however, will with one of the curious phases of married perhaps think that its very lacks are recom- life, the effects of things done before mar- mendations of the book, and will prefer it for riage. Or she may have thought it interest- its bountiful garner of myths and anecdotes ing to present an example of the different and its ante bellum flavor. The beauties, the standards by which people are likely to esti- cavaliers, the ghosts of the old mansions are mate certain of the shortcomings of men and duly chronicled, and the reader is left to women. All these things she does, and to do believe that Jefferson wrote the Declaration them she needed no narrower field than she at Rosewell or at Gunston Hall according to has taken. which he is visiting. Text and pictures alike It may be thought that she would have not are pleasant to look over, and luxurious make-only hit the nail on the head but would have up renders the volume an ideal possession driven it home more effectively had she con- for any lover of colonial days in the Old fined her attention (and ours) to one matter, Dominion. FISKE KIMBALL. and not have diffused both over so broad a field. But it is likely to be the way of the artist to get more interested in people than in RECENT FICTION. problems, and it is likely enough to have been so with Mrs. Norris. At any rate, she has There must be some great attraction in written an excellent book, full of very natural writing an imaginative biography. Mr. Ben people of all sorts and also one rather un- nett and Mr. Wells revived an interest in it natural one who by his eccentricity supplies not long ago, and for the last few years they the possibility for what is presumably the have had many followers. Of course the idea main thing in the book. is not new; "Robinson Crusoe," though we ” Julia's husband suddenly deserts her. We often do not remember it, begins at birth and take the liberty to believe that his leaving his only ends when Crusoe had got beyond the probability of adventure. “ Tom Jones wife is as much a matter of convention as his coming back to her. But it takes all sorts of * THE STORY OF JULIA PAGE. By Kathleen Norris. Illus- people to make up a world, and one need not trated. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co. THE BENT TWIG. By Dorothy Canfield. New York: Henry deny the possibility of either. And if a young doctor was so emotional a person as to do the PETER PARAGON, By John Palmer. New York: Dodd, Mead one thing, he would doubtless be quite emo- was Holt & Co. & Co. 616 (Dec. 23 THE DIAL > tional enough to do the other. Only he prob- so much. Just as one of Smollett's heroes, ably did more things of the same kind, so that Peregrine Pickle say, peregrinates through a the story of Julia Page was not really over thousand pickles, so Miss Canfield can convey when Mrs. Norris ceased to write. What we Sylvia through a perfect Odyssey of possi- do have of it, however, is throughout good. bilities,- only whereas Smollett had merely There are plenty of phases of life in it, some to allow his imagination to play about the crude or slovenly, some refined and easy, some recollection of the violent practical jokes de- a curious mixture, but all confidently and not lightful to the eighteenth century, Miss Can- too minutely descriptive, giving an excellent field has to conceive the possible blind alleys environment for many real people who do this in an easy luxurious life of to-day. She does and that, have their own pleasure and busi- it, too; and if she does have a little of the ness, and now and then touch on what are aloofness just mentioned, it is not wonderful. called the deeper phases of life. There is something about “culture” in Amer. Miss Canfield, in "The Bent Twig," has as , ica, whether real or imaginary, that makes broad a view, but is more original. Mrs. it impossible for people to take it quite seri- Norris deals with matters one has heard of ously; it ought indeed to be worn lightly and before,— rising in life, the double standard, humorously rather as a garment, with appre- life before marriage, and so on, and deals ciation of its quality as a pose. Miss Canfield with them sincerely and truly. Miss Canfield understands the whole thing; she is a little presents new and unexpected ideas as she unpitying with the art she does not love, but goes along, and as a rule something that she allows herself to be indulgent toward the one , has got out of life for herself. It is perhaps she does. That gives variety and charm to rather conventional to pass from a State Uni- what is otherwise immensely able and living. versity town in the middle west to country We will add no more encomiums, but they life in the “cultured” east, and it certainly may readily be found in the advertisements, was daring (even late Victorian) to go on which (for this occasion only) are quite to dear Paris. But even the most original dependable. themes come from the same old notes; and "Peter Paragon," by Mr. John Palmer, is after all, people have to be somewhere. We not much like these two save in that it is the are sorry she could not have left out Botti- story of a life. It is lighter in touch, for one celli, but that's a detail. thing. Mr. Palmer is content to sketch his Miss Canfield has written a very fine book. background rather lightly, and gives no care- At the beginning she appears particularly as ful pictures of the different phases of life a very clear observer, if sometimes a bit cold through which Peter makes his way, or rather, and even aloof and satirical. Her account of meanders about. He summarizes a good deal, the democracy of the common schools would and is content to tell on in a general way how teach more concerning that interesting topic things were without insisting on much detail. than many textbooks. Her explanation of It is all done in a few touches, the family, the why Sylvia was not elected to a fraternity is garden, school, Oxford, the farm, the country a more incisive arraignment of college life house, London life — politics, theatre, and so than one often hears in public. But these on, -- but of course a fine sketch is something notes and much more in the earlier chapters worth while. And after all, it is only the are preliminary to the actual work of the background that is sketched, doubtless of pur- novelist, the work of following people here pose. Peter is more substantial, and so is his and there in life and showing how it stirs mother. Nobody is very real, but they are them. real enough. The book is called “The Bent Twig” be- Still, it is not a very adequate account of cause it tells how Sylvia's education was the Peter's life. There must have been a great result of her earlier life. She was born and deal that went to the making of him that we brought up in what she subsequently called know nothing about, and that Mr. Palmer an unworldly home, adding mistakenly that it does not care to tell us. He is intent on the was artificial and a hothouse. Whatever it man only in the way he felt about woman. was, she would not allow herself to be hypno- Peter was curiously fortunate in this respect, tized into looking at things through their - after all, the thing is a love story, curiously eyes; so she had to get her own education in conceived, with the two chief people seeing her own way, and she did. But she turned nothing of each other most of the time. Peter out much as her mother would have prophe- learned the theory of this very important. sied, had she been given to prophecy. delightful, and mysterious side of life in a In such a book one sees and feels the attrac- very happy way. “At an age when the secrets tion of the biography. It allows, it demands of life are the subject of uneasy curiosity at 1915) 617 THE DIAL best, and at worst of thoughtless defamation, us the true form for this particular age of Peter and Miranda talked of them as they ours,- certainly the great majority of the talked of their bees." That seems nice, if best novels of recent years come to mind as somewhat unusual. The practical part came we think of the matter. Perhaps the form otherwise, — Peter had to learn that by him- calls for the greatest skill; certainly it gets it. self, some of it at least, at Oxford, in the Yet one must acknowledge, too, that there country, in London. Such learning might have are dangers as well as opportunities. There been accomplished in various ways: Peter was is the temptation to lose all thought of what again fortunate in having a very strong desire the academic mind calls a plot. “Real life for nothing but the very best. He might have has no beginning and no end,” says Mr. been satisfied with that enemy of the very Patrick MacGill, who cuts off "slices of life" best, the good, or what seemed so, or even -(or something very like it; I quote from with the bad. But he was not; he would have memory) — and whether that be so or not, only the very best. It is a bit of idealism, such books as these are often mere collections after all. Not that there are no such men. of human experience, moulded only in a very There are, and it is well to hear of one of general way by any preconceived plan. The them. Some people take the easier course, books we have been speaking of are undoubt- and tell of more ordinary men. Peter was an edly modelled with care; Miss Canfield's espe- idealist; he wanted to put his whole soul into cially carries us on and on with a sense of his life, and that he could n't do, - until he necessity that tells finely. But a good many could. To make that matter clear, Mr. Palmer of the novels of this kind that come readily gives up everything else; there is not more to mind are by no means so definite. Mr. plot than background, and what there is Lawrence's “Sons and Lovers” is a book the return of Miranda is about as natural of real beauty, but I cannot easily see why it and probable as the end of “The Vicar of begins where it does or ends where it does, or Wakefield.” why it has in it just what it has. Mr. Law- Still, these matters (though proper to note) rence probably feels that it should have ex- one can accept in such a book. For myself, actly what it has; but I (the average reader) I cannot but feel how much more powerful the do not. So with Mr. Coningsby Dawson's book would be if we had the whole thing fully “Garden without Walls," which also had developed, as Mrs. Norris and Miss Canfield much that was beautiful in it. Why did it have developed their ideas,- all the people have just what it had and nothing else? And and places, all the detail, or rather not all the same thing may be asked of a hundred but more than we have, a fuller and richer other books of later years. picture. But that was not Mr. Palmer's way; But such talk of plot or story may seem he is more delicate. idle if the book be interesting. Mr. Wells What variety of phases and forms of human says that "the assumption that the novel, life and character such books give us! There like the story, aims at a single, concentrated is no experience so strange and out of the way impression " is a “fallacy." I think not. I or so common and well-known as not to find a think that a novel can make a great and last- place somewhere. Our earlier novelists put ing impression, and sometimes does; and that into such books all kinds of things that would in making such an impression construction amuse, or charm, or please, or excite, or per- plays a great part. Hence we have from haps merely relieve the tedium of labor or "Jane Eyre," for example, or “ The House of existence. Our own writers use it also to Mirth," a certain intense experience of the enlarge the sympathy and knowledge, to emotions that has few equals in the life of art. arouse our thoughts in life, to suggest ways But this is no place to discuss such matters; out of hard places, and for the hundred other even lacking that fine impression, and the things that have come into fiction as its field story of a life generally does lack it, there has grown. These books we have been speak is certainly much else that many people like ing of are examples: they give not only the just as well. difficulties and adventures of manhood and EDWARD E. HALE. womanhood, but the griefs and joys and diffi- culties of childhood and of youth; they give not only life in one place but in different “ Promotion of Learning in India" by Naren- places, not only in one social surrounding but dra Nath Law, with an Introduction by the Ven- in others, for few lives are so monotonous as erable Walter K. Firminger, B.D., is announced to pass always in the same surroundings, so by Messrs. Longmans. The volume gives a con- that the enlarging variety possible in other nected history of the educational activities of the novels is necessary in this. Such novels give Europeans in India up to about 1800 A.D. 618 (Dec. 23 THE DIAL faith in the things unseen shows itself here and HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS. there in her pages as something akin to spiritual- III. ism, need trouble only the carnally minded; it is BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. all beautiful and significant as she puts it before us with a sort of noble unreserve. Should any On the eighteenth of this month Dr. Lyman harsh critic of her book as a whole object that she Abbott attained the age of eighty, and he looks had given us her best wine first, in her autobiog- back upon sixty years' activity as preacher, editor, raphy, and that here we have little more than the author, and lecturer. That period, rich in expe- rinsings of the bottle, her admirers might fitly rience and teeming with associations of many retort, “Is not the gleaning of the grapes of kinds, furnishes matter for a goodly volume of Ephraim better than the vintage of Abiezer ? " five hundred pages, with the little distinctive but The “ Heroes of the Nations " series (Putnam), always alluring title, “Reminiscences” (Hough- a venture which for some time has provided an ton). The son of Jacob Abbott, familiar to our childhood by reason of his “Rolló Books” and his ever-growing collection of scholarly and readable “Lucy Books,” and the nephew of John S. c. biographies of the more prominent characters of history, seems to have come to a close. Two recent Abbott, dear to our somewhat later years because biographical studies, “ Alfred the Truthteller" by of his entrancing “History of Napoleon Bona- Miss Bertha Lees, and “Isabel of Castile” by parte," the author of these retrospections cannot fail to appeal to our interest, and his chapters are Miss Ierne Plunket, which seem to have been origi- indeed of that anecdotal, genially personal, ripely in a somewhat different form and without the nally planned for this series, have been published reflective, and, not least of all, moralizing and ser- serial title. The new volumes are larger and more monizing quality which was looked for with confi- dent expectation. Men and events of importance attractive, and have no footnotes; otherwise the contents are of the same general type as in the are introduced in every chapter, and the whole is earlier volumes. Miss Plunket's biography of a thesaurus of variously interesting reading. Por- traits and other illustrations abound, and an un- Queen Isabel is in every way worthy of a place in any series that aims to record the achievements of usually full index closes the book. foreword” to his “ Memories of India" great men and women. Isabel of Castile is a per- In a son of great importance not only for the history (David McKay), Sir Robert Baden-Powell, dis- tinguished military officer and head of the Boy marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon made possible of Spain but of the modern world as well. Her Scout Movement, says: “Perhaps the only re- the creation of the Spanish monarchy, which for deeming point about these · Memories' is that they hundred years was the greatest power in the world. are largely extracted from diaries and letters which The subject of Isabella's career is one that readily were not written with the idea of anyone ever see- lends itself to eulogistic treatment; but the author ing them except my mother. To some extent they cannot be charged with having given the strenuous tell directly against me, since they show me to have been just the ordinary silly young ass who queen greater praise than her deeds have earned for her. Forty-five excellent illustrations, chiefly enjoyed senseless ragging, was fond of dogs and horses, and thought very little as he went through portraits, and a map of the Spanish peninsula in the fifteenth century, add materially to the inter- the ordinary every-day experience of a subaltern est and value of the work. in India. There is nothing very romantic or very exciting about them, and there is much that is Good company and good anecdotes are to be silly, but at the same time such things have, I found in plenty between the covers of Mr. Alfred think, seldom been set down in writing just as they Capper's reminiscent volume, “A Rambler's Recol- occurred to one at the time." But one must not lections and Reflections" (Scribner). For thirty be led astray by this English air of ostentatious us years and more Mr. Capper has been a public irresponsibility; for the young officer was evi- entertainer, and has appeared as such before most dently doing a lot of hard working and clear of the royalties of Europe, not to mention the thinking all the time. The topics treated range nobility, gentry, and common people. He is a from "The Afghan War" to "Lemon Pudding thought-reader, and though he confesses he does and Mustard," through every conceivable inter- not know how he does them, he has the reputation mediary subject. The author has a vivacious pen, of doing some very extraordinary things at his and the ubiquitous black-and-white illustrations entertainments, about which and about the cele- bear witness to a ready and gifted pencil, as do brated men and women he has met in his profes- the eighteen colored plates also. sional journeyings he writes in a manner that few In her eighty-fifth year Mrs. Amelia E. Barr will fail to find interesting. His reminiscences are publishes the reflections and counsels and placid of the sort that the late Marshall P. Wilder and retrospections of her serene old age, under the Mr. Weedon Grossmith have so successfully title, “Three Score and Ten” (Appleton). Why offered to their willing readers. The author's por- she did not make it “ Four Score and Five" she trait and other illustrations are inserted. does not explain, but the book supplements her The reader of Mr. Poultney Bigelow's “Prussian recent autobiography in a manner very acceptable Memories" (Putnam) might be tempted to accuse to those interested in her spiritual experiences as the author of discursiveness, were it not that the distinguished from the more stirring outward latter has disarmed such criticism by a frank events of her busy and fruitful life. That her avowal of his intention to be garrulous. His book 1915] 619 THE DIAL is disjointed, gossippy, at times irrelevant, but (Doubleday), a spacious octavo illustrated by Mr. altogether delightful. Mr. Bigelow has that proper Walter Hale in his well-known skilful and attrac- sense of humor which consists in seeing things tive manner, and conducting the reader to haunts (including one's self) in their true proportions. of Stevenson in“ Edinburgh, the rest of Scot- Though he is a cosmopolitan globe-trotter, who has land, England, France, the rest of Europe, the lived long in Germany and loved it, he acknowl- United States." To Vailima and his death-bed the edges that the English-speaking world is his home. author does not follow his hero, honestly con- Mr. Bigelow's acquaintance with Prussia began in fessing that he has not pursued that trail, but 1864, when at eight years of age he was put into holding out hope that "some day we may see the a boarding-school at Bonn. His friendship with Isle of Upolu arising from the sea.” It is a good William II was formed a little later, when the book with which to refresh one's memory of boys became playmates at Potsdam; it lasted until R. L. S., his rather erratic journeyings, and his the publication in 1896 of Mr. Bigelow's “ History | lovable eccentricities. of the German Struggle for Liberty," which gave That enthusiastic admirer of and writer on the offence to the imperial family pride and self- scenic attractions of our great country, Mr. George esteem. The sprightly character of these remi- Wharton James, again asks his readers to enjoy niscences is greatly enhanced by the author's with him some of these marvels, in a richly illus- pungent style. trated volume entitled “ Our American Wonder- Fishing and finance, chasing the elusive dollar lands” (McClurg). His purpose, he explains, is, in Wall Street and the wild buffalo on the western “ briefly and vividly, without entering into too plains, amassing and losing successive fortunes, much detail, to give the reader living glimpses of and between whiles yielding to the call of the what America offers of antiquarian, scenic, geologic, wild — such have been the lifelong activities of and ethnologic interest.” Mountain scenery, natu- Mr. Anthony W. Dimock, as narrated by him with ral bridges, stupendous glaciers, thundering cas- much vivacity in “Wall Street and the Wilds” cades, prehistoric cliff dwellings, giant trees, native (Outing Co.). Between a New England boyhood tribes and their tribal customs, with much else that as the son of a country parson, and the vicissi- cannot possibly be seen from a car-window, are tudes of a Wall Street financier dealing in millions described and pictured in this alluring volume, and controlling steamship companies and telegraph which the author rightly thinks ought just at this lines, the contrast is sharp enough to satisfy any- time, when Europe is so largely closed to the tour- body; and indeed the whole story is one of ups ist, to exert an influence in making Americans see and downs, varied by the wholesome delights of America first. A useful map showing the regions life in the open. It is a remarkable record and described covers the end-leaves, the camera views an absorbingly interesting one, enlivened to the are nearly half as many as the pages of the book, eye by numerous camera views, some of them the and an index is added. Mr. James's especial fit- product of the author's own skill as a photog- ness for the preparation of such a volume has rapher, in which capacity he is said to have been already been more than once demonstrated. the first to achieve success in photographing live Like a piece of time-worn tapestry, tattered and wild animals. faded, and here and there showing the stitches of A distinguished Vermonter, son and grandson an attempted restoration, but a thing of wonder- of eminent Vermonters, is introduced to the reader ful beauty nevertheless, Mrs. Elizabeth W. Champ- in the “Life, Diary, and Letters of Oscar Lovell ney's “ Romance of oíd Belgium " pleases at the Shafter, Associate Justice Supreme Court of Cali- same time that it awakens regrets. Its sub-title, fornia, January 1, 1864, to December 31, 1868." “From Caesar to Kaiser,” indicates the scope of The book is further described as "a daughter's a daughter's the work. From dim antiquity it comes down to tribute to a father's memory," and is "edited for our own day when, as the writer phrases it, we Emma Shafter-Howard by Flora Haines Lough- “ tread the trail of the Devastating Hun,' and ead.” The subject of the biography was born in look upon the results of his appalling world 1812 and died in 1873, so that to younger readers crime.' 39 Ninety illustrations - buildings, ruins, this chronicle will seem almost like ancient his- portraits, paintings- enrich the volume, which tory. But it is related almost wholly in the first also draws upon many historical and literary person, and hence is not without vitality. A long sources for its substance. A collaborator, named list of " decisions written by Judge Shafter" is on the title-page as Frère Champney, has assisted appended. Portraits and other illustrations are Mrs. Champney in her work, which is by no means interspersed. Mr. John J. Newbegin of San Fran- the first of the sort from her prolific pen. One cisco publishes the book. cannot turn her pages and look at the accompany- TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION. ing pictures without praying with her that “ federation of the world shall establish a universal Certain recent events, as the erection of a Ste- republic, which will make the Game of Kings venson memorial at Saranac, and the death of forever impossible.” Dr. Trudeau, Stevenson's physician at that resort Miss Gertrude H. Beggs's “ The Four in Crete" of consumptives, have directed public attention (Abingdon Press) is the account of a visit from once more to the meteoric course of that rare Athens to the sites of ancient Ægean civilization genius during his too-short sojourn on our planet. at Knossos, Phaistos, and Hagia Triada. The Seasonable, therefore, is the appearance of Mr. four” are The Western Woman," “ The Sage," Clayton Hamilton's “On the Trail of Stevenson “ The Scholar,” and “The Coffee Angel.” The 8 620 (Dec. 23 THE DIAL Scholar's informal and edifying discourses among the less of interest and value to collectors of the ruins give the book its body, whose naked use- “ Americana.” Such chapters are those on Duncan fulness is partially covered and more or less Phyfe's furniture, on Windsor chairs, clocks made adorned with the narrative of such light adventure by famous clock-makers in Connecticut and else- as is usual to travellers in company by sea and where, Stiegel's glassware, the silver ware of Paul land in Mediterranean regions." The Four in Revere, the work of the pewterers and braisiers, Crete” is like other double-purpose books: both and the Bennington pottery; all of these contain its purposes suffer from the combination. It is references to existing collections, warnings to col- neither the best entertainment nor the best instruc- lectors regarding counterfeits, and advice as to tion. However, it affords the general reader an prices. The volume is profusely illustrated with easy and pleasant, if somewhat slight, means of photographic reproductions, chiefly of articles of becoming acquainted with the work of Evans and craftsmanship; and in addition there are charm- Halbherr at their respective sites, and with the ing little drawings at the beginning and end of very interesting life which their discoveries have each chapter. brought to light. The thirty-one illustrations, Even to an unmusical person Mr. Arthur Elson's chiefly from “ The Western Woman's” camera, are encyclopædic work, “ The Book of Musical Knowl- very good. edge” (Houghton), is intelligible and interesting Languorous delights are by no means the sum It devotes itself to "the history, technique, and and substance of Mr. A.' Hyatt Verrill's book, appreciation of music, together with lives of the “ Isles of Spice and Palm” (Appleton). He great composers,” is well illustrated, and runs to maintains that the Lesser Antilles, which are the the length of six hundred large pages. In the spicy and palmy islands referred to, are more author's words, it “ has been written with the idea bracing in their summer temperature, especially of enabling the non-musician to comprehend the among the mountains of the interior, than are real meaning of the tonal art, and to familiarize many of our northern towns, as of course they are himself with the value of the great composers' milder in winter and of a more equable tempera- works, the use of the instruments, the various ture at all times. How to enjoy oneself sanely and musical forms, and a number of subjects of similar inexpensively in one or more of the crescent of importance." 'Appended are a glossary of musical islets stretching from Porto Rico to Venezuela is terms, “ a course of study, with references," and a agreeably told, with liberal accompaniment of full index. So comprehensive and popularly use- illustrations, in this compact volume. Seventy ful a work of this sort, in a single volume, has pages or more of " facts and figures," alphabeti- not, to our knowledge, ever before appeared in cally arranged, form a useful appendix, while the English. general information scattered through the book is Such thoroughly Japanese arts as not inconsiderable. arrangement and tea-ceremony are so strange to “Kipling's India," by Dr. Arley Munson, is the western world that no little curiosity moves us exactly the inviting sort of book implied by the as we open Miss Mary_Averill's lavishly illus- title. There are forty-five excellent photographic trated book on “ The Flower Art of Japan illustrations, with two hundred pages of text giv- (Lane), a companion volume to her recent ing the passages from Kipling associated with the “ Japanese Flower Arrangement," or, perhaps bet- scenes depicted. The volume will make many read- ter, a continuation of that work. There seem to ers keen to return to their Kipling, and has helped be countless schools of this floral art, though that to make at least one reviewer keen to return to called “Ikenobu," dating back twelve hundred India. The publishers (Doubleday, Page & Co.) years, is the one in highest favor. So, at least, we have given the book a handsome setting. infer from the book before us; and it is to this ART AND MUSIC. school and one other, “ Ko-Shin-Ryu," that Miss Averill says she owes her greatest inspiration. A The point of view of Mr. Walter A. Dyer in his skilful artist, not named but evidently Japanese, Early American Craftsmen (Century has given liberal assistance in making intelligible Co.) is that of the collector of antiques who has to the reader the fundamentals of flower-arrange- yielded to the reaction towards “ Americana” and ment. interest in the things produced in the western There are seventy-five illustrations, of world a century and more ago. His expressed which one is in color. intention is to study the crafts of those days One hundred and ten grand operas, including, it through the craftsmen who produced the notable is alleged, all that have been presented in the last work of the period. It is a valuable service that five seasons in the four opera centres of the east- Mr. Dyer has performed in rescuing from oblivion ern United States - New York, Chicago, Phila- such men as Samuel McIntire, the master carpen- delphia, and Boston delphia, and Boston - and also half a dozen whose - ter of Salem; Duncan Phyfe, the cabinet-maker; revival or first production in this country is an- and the so-called "Baron ” Stiegel, maker of beau- nounced for the coming season, are given in out- tiful glass in the Revolutionary period. Of espe- line by Miss Edith B. Ordway in “The Opera cial interest is the record of the many-sided Book (Sully & Kleinteich). The story of each interests of Paul Revere, and of the contribution is told act by act, each is characterized as tragic, which he made to our industrial art history. If Mr. comic, fairy, allegorical, sentimental, or heroic; Dyer loses sight of the individual craftsmen in but all are classed under “grand” opera inasmuch some of the other chapters, these latter are none as every word is sung and the recitative is usually as flower- book on 66 1915) 621 THE DIAL wla 1TUk FRI ture" ht pa accompanied by the orchestra. Useful and care- Striking in its title and thought-evoking in its fully verified data are given (not is given, as the contents, Mr. Stephen Graham's latest book, “ The preface announces) under each title, portraits of Way of Martha and the Way of Mary” (Macmil- famous singers in costume are inserted, a list of lan) is characterized by him as “ an interpretation composers is added, and welcome aids to the pro- and a survey of Eastern Christianity, and a con- nunciation of foreign names find a place both in sideration of the ideas at present to the fore in the body of the book and in the concluding index. Christianity generally." Christianity generally.” It is also, as its name MISCELLANEOUS. implies, a book of contrasts: the way of Martha he considers to be the way of the West, that of Unique in every aspect among the season's gift- Mary the way of the East. By the East the author books is a thin quarto entitled - The Ballet of the means preëminently Russia. In Russia, which he Nations” (Putnam), by the distinguished writer knows as few Englishmen know that country, his known as Vernon Lee." Described on the title- book seems to have been written, and it contributes page as “a present-day morality," the text is a not a little to our knowledge of things Russian. powerfully caustic allegory in which the Great Its breadth of view may be illustrated by this War is presented as a grand ballet, staged by utterance, with which the volume closes : “ So two Death, with Satan for impresario. The orchestra churches combine to make one truth, and the hand- is first assembled. Fear, with “her shabby rest- maidens of the Lord, Martha and Mary, are shown less twins," Suspicion and Panic, take their places; to be indeed two sisters, not only in kindred but my Lady Idealism and my young Prince Adven- in spirit.” are next induced to join; Sin, whom the Twenty-two years ago Mrs. William Starr gods call Disease," with her attendant crew of Dana rendered a service to American flower-lovers Rapine, Lust, Murder, and Famine, are not who were not also expert botanists by issuing a long in following; and next come Hatred with manual that has since been taken as a model by Self-Righteousness, “who pretend not to be many successful imitators of Mrs. Dana's method. acquainted.” Two late-comers, Madam Science and “ Wild Flowers of the North American Moun- Councillor Organization, at first taken by Ballet- tains” (McBride), by Mrs. Julia W. Henshaw, is Master Death for alien spies, are soon recognized the latest successor to “How to Know the Wild as indispensable collaborators. Lastly appears Flowers," its arrangement of the flowers in color- Heroism, the foremost musician of them all. The groups, its preliminary aids, its index to scientific nations then assemble, and to the compelling pames, and its list of common names, all being strains of the orchestra of human passions they very much in the manner of that pioneer work. begin their wild dance, in which they mutilate and But it should be added in its praise that it goes a dismember one another. As their efforts flag step further: it has many strikingly beautiful through exhaustion, Impresario Satan cunningly colored plates in addition to the simple half-tones, introduces two fresh musicians, Pity and Indigna- and it devotes forty-four pages to a “general key tion, whose stirring notes revive the dancers to a to the families.” The ferns and fern-allies, the new and madder frenzy of mutual extermination. trees, and the reeds, grasses, sedges, and rushes are This is only the baldest outline of what is truly a taken up before the more important and more masterpiece of satiric allegory. The very essence numerous flowering plants proper, these last, as of the present war, stripped of its cloak of surface already indicated, being roughly grouped accord- appearances and befuddling sophistries, is here ing to color for the convenience of the laity. It is presented. A fitting and artistic“ pictorial accom- a valuable supplement, with some inevitable over- paniment” is provided by Maxwell Armfield in a lappings, to earlier works of like character; and series of decorative page borders, printed in red, within its own domain it can well stand alone on and done in the manner of old Greek vase paint- its peculiar merits. ings. There is a striking cover design as well. Few have practised more industriously or suc- Camera views, some in color, of notable private cessfully than Mr. Clifton Johnson the art of gardens in many parts of our broad land make up interviewing our country folk and reproducing the the bulk of Miss Louise Shelton's sumptuous results in literary form, as is abundantly shown in “ Beautiful Gardens in America” (Scrib- his series of American travel books. Now he offers quarto, ner). Vancouver Island, just beyond our border, fresh proof of his skill by bringing forth a vol- is represented by two illustrations, and even ume of eye-witness accounts, taken for the most Alaska has a brief chapter to itself, though no part from the lips of rustic narrators on or near the scene of action, of “Battleground Adventures Alaskan gardens find place - among the pictures. in the Civil War” (Houghton), a book that will Imitations of European horticultural formalism, appeal strongly to boys and also to many older heavily adorned with marble or other stone con- readers, especially those whose recollections go structions, have been for the most part excluded back to war times. His quest for original material from the book, which is designed “ to present, more has taken him to Harper's Ferry, Bull Run, Shiloh, particularly, another type of garden, demonstrat- Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Vicksburg, ing the cultured American's love of beauty ex- Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Missionary pressed through plant life rather than in stone." Ridge, the Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Atlanta, and The garden as expressive of personality has been the Shenandoah Valley. Aged men and women, the quest of the compiler, and a good measure of white and black, have been called upon to revive success has attended her search. their memories of the great conflict of half a cen- boy 7. . ܬܽ » JE 21 *** 622 (Dec. 23 THE DIAL tury ago; and if it be true that nothing so con- duces to peace as a full recognition of the horrors , the book is a at narrator of "A Year in a Coal Mine," and this second essay in the romance of industry will not . season Mr. Rodney Thomson vividly illustrates it He who seeks to array his soul, as Plato ex- with colored drawings. presses it, in her own proper jewels, which are With the new year it will be half a century since temperance, justice, courage, nobility, and truth, « The Dream of Gerontius came from Cardinal will find help in Dr. Elwood Worcester's little Newman's hand, a noble poem barely saved from book, “ The Issues of Life" (Moffat). Nine years' the waste-paper basket by a discerning intercessor, experience in watching the moral and physical as the perhaps mythical account of its origin would regenerative effects of high thinking has qualified have us believe. Fitting enough is it, at any rate, the author to speak with understanding and per- that the poem should have a semi-centennial re- suasiveness on such topics as the following (from issue in worthy form, and this re-issue is to be the book's table of contents): “ Keeping Our noted among the season's publications of the John Hearts,” “ Thought and Work," " The Loneliness Lane Co. Miss Stella Langdale illustrates the vol- of the Soul," "Revelations," “Our Spiritual ume with ten drawings that well reflect the senti- Faculties,” and “Religion and Neglect.” To all ment of the poem, and Mr. Gordon Tidy writes a devout souls the essence of religion is the same; bibliographic and appreciative introduction that hence the cordial assent which thousands of read- fills half the book. It is safe to say that no pre- ers of nominally different creeds will be able to vious edition of this fine product of Newman's give to the truth stated with the force of personal genius can compare with the present one. experience by the Rector of Emmanuel Church. Lincoln's lyceum lecture of 1860 on “ Discoveries Three hundred and sixty-five little sermons, each and Inventions,” a discourse delivered by him in a page long or less, and each assigned to a par- various places about Springfield, Illinois, and in ticular day of the year, with a bit of verse instead Springfield itself, a short time before his call to of a sermon for Christmas, make up the contents far more arduous duties than lecturing to rural of the gift-book entitled "Every Day" (American audiences, is now for the first time made into a Tract Society), by Mr. Edgar Whitaker Work. book all by itself and offered for sale by Mr. Each discourse is headed by a scriptural quotation John Howell of San Francisco. Its interest for from which it takes its keynote, and the admirable us now lies chiefly in its revelation of its writer's quality of brevity, of pithy compactness, marks range of reading and inquiry, in the proof it offers every one of these sermonettes. of his debt to the Bible for both thought and lan- An anthology of dog poetry — not doggerel, but guage, and in its excellence as an example of his metrical compositions on dogs — thirty-two selec- clear and simple and at the same time sufficiently ornate, sufficiently picturesque mode of expression. tions in all, by Sir Walter Scott, Lord Byron, A “prefatory note” gives the interesting history Matthew Arnold, Richard Watson Gilder, Louise Imogen Guiney, and later writers, has been com- of the original manuscript of this lecture, and from piled by Mr. Lincoln Newton Kinnicutt, and enti- that manuscript the lecture is printed. tled “ To Your Dog and to My Dog” (Houghton). Mr. Ian Hay, or, to be accurate, Captain Tan Fine linen paper, broad margins, frequent blank Hay Beith of the Argyll and Sutherland High- pages for the insertion of additional poems, a landers, wrote not very long ago some lifelike space reserved on the cover for the portrait of sketches of schoolboy life for “Blackwood's Maga- one's own dog -- these and other material details zine,” and they are now gathered into a book and combine to make the volume pleasing to the eye named, collectively, " The Lighter Side of School and acceptable to the book-lover. A preface to Life.” Mr. Lewis Baumer furnishes a dozen good the “ dear dogs” explains the compiler's purpose pastel drawings, here reproduced in color, to ac- and shows him to be a discerning appreciator of company the tales or sketches, and the whole makes canine excellence. an excellent contribution to a class of literature A group of little books more or less appropriate that has been deservedly popular ever since Tom to the Christmas season, and all suitable as Christ- Brown of Rugby came into being. This book is mas gifts, must here be noticed with extreme brev- published in America by Mr. LeRoy Phillips of Boston. It is a good gift-book for young or old. ity. Mr. Harold Speakman illustrates in color and decorates in gilt “ The First Christmas” (Abing- In the cab of a monster express engine, amid the don Press), being the scriptural account of the glare and heat and din of a steel foundry, at the birth of Christ. The book is a little gem of art, side of a leviathan of the deep just starting down beautifully printed and pleasing in every respect.- the ways, in the power-house of a great electric “ The Glad Hand, and Other Grips on Life" plant, on the dizzy staging of a skyscraper in (McClurg), by Mr. Humphrey J. Desmond, com- course of construction, and in divers other more or bines the cheeriness expected and desired at this less perilous and exciting positions, Mr. Joseph season with the reflective wisdom welcome at all Husband has gathered the material for his times. Its arrangement is by non-consecutive “ America at Work " (Houghton), a realistic paragraphs grouped under nine headings, sugges- presentation of the toils and struggles and dangers tive of the “infinitely repellent particles" of of men who wrestle with the forces not only of Emerson's essays.-A diverting little book has been nature, but of nature and human inventiveness made by Mr. Laurens Maynard in the shape of a combined. The author will be remembered as the collection of poems having to do with evolution. " > 1915) 623 THE DIAL 66 66 > “ Evolution: A Fantasy," by Mr. Langdon Smith, readers will wish there were more. Scally is por- opens the book and gives it its title; and this trayed in the frontispiece.- An animal story of a familiar skit (it begins,“ When you were a tad- different sort, entitled “ The Little Red Doe" pole and I was a fish ") is followed by a variety (Little, Brown & Co.), by Mr. Chauncy J. Haw- of verses, both frolicsome and serious, by various kins, gives us the life and doings and pathetic authors. (John W. Luce & Co.).- Cupid's death of a very ingratiating creature of the Maine Capers" (Dutton) is a book of rollicking verse by forest, with excellent pictures by Mr. Charles Cope- Miss Lillian Gardner, illustrated in color, and land. Rough lumbermen are softened by their amusingly descriptive of the pleasures and pains feeling for the little red doe, and gallantly resolve of love.- Mrs. Helen S. Woodruff's Christmas to avenge her death; whereby hangs a tale too story is this year entitled “Mr. Doctor Man" long to be given here.- Mrs. Mary Raymond Ship- (Doran), being the tale of a philanthropic physi- man Andrews's war story, The Three Things,” cian who, after years of unselfish service, finds his having won success in less permanent shape, now old sweetheart, and all ends happily. A winsome comes out in book form from the publishing house child patient plays a leading part in the little of Little, Brown & Co. Class pride, unbelief, and drama, and it is for the benefit of children's hos- race prejudice were the three things not quite as pitals that the book is written and published.- they should have been in the hero, Philip Landi- ã The Folly of the Three Wise Men” (Doran), by cutt, who however had such passionate pity for the Mr. Edgar Whitaker Work, is a variant of the oppressed that he threw himself into the struggle familiar legend of the following of the star to find for Belgium's emancipation, and there lost his the new-born Messiah. Because these wise men class pride, his unbelief, his race prejudice. Other were too eager in their pursuit to pause even for events, too, enrich the story, which furthermore has the simplest offices of charity they nearly failed in the merit of brevity, being but little more than their quest; but the appeal of a forlorn little fifty pages in length.— «Robin the Bobbin " shepherd boy, lost and hurt, saves them. The (Harper), by a writer designated as “ Vale Dow- story is illustrated and decorated.— A love story nie,” is the story of a blind piano-tuner, an elderly of the Kansas prairie is well told by Miss Mar- and (wonderful to relate) rich inventor, a boy, garet Hill McCarter in “ The Corner Stone” Tom Bunting, who turns out to be the lost Robin, (McClurg), in which Edith Grannell and Homer and a few other characters. The mystery and the Helm seem fair in each other's eyes and, after cer- interest centre themselves in the boy Tom, and of tain difficulties and misunderstandings have been course all is cleared up in the end, and everyone is overcome and cleared away, are happily wedded. happy. Two pictures enliven the narrative. The little book is daintily decorated, has a colored New England stories are almost invariable favor- frontispiece, and is artistically boxed.-“Into His ites with readers, provided they are well told, and Own" (McKay) is a dog story by Mr. Clarence it is safe to predict that “Blue Gingham Folks " B. Kelland, who follows the fortunes of a thor- (Abingdon Press), by Miss Dorothy Donnell Cal- oughbred Airedale from a despised puppyhood to houn, will receive the appreciation it deserves. It an honored maturity, telling the tale in the first is a collection of Yankee tales, character sketches person, from the dog-hero's point of view. It is a they might perhaps better be called, with a flavor touching story, well told, and adorned with the that is genuinely New England. Local dialect Airedale's portrait, photographed from life.- A abounds, and a few drawings help to make the pathetic tale in dialect, with title in dialect, reader better acquainted with the various person- When Hannah Var Eight Yar Old” (Stokes), ages of the book. In “ The Heart of Lincoln” is told by Mrs. Katherine Peabody Girling. Han- (Jacobs) we have a series of more or less authen- nah, a Swedish girl, is made to describe her hard tic anecdotes and reminiscences concerning the experiences during her mother's illness and after War President. They illustrate the warmth and her death, in the home country, before Hannah, tenderness of his feelings, and make him a very "a big girl eight yar old,” came to America. It human, very lovable person. Mr. Wayne Whipple is a story of humble heroism that goes to the read- is the compiler, and an unnamed artist supplies a er's heart. Illustrations and decorations increase portrait of Lincoln.—“ Jimsy the Christmas Kid" its attractiveness to the eye.—“ The Man Who (McBride) is a typical Christmas tale. In it Miss Was Too Busy to Find the Child” (Abingdon Leona Dalrymple relates the adventures of a waif Press), by Mr. Lucius H. Bugbee, is the story of who wins the hearts of a crusty bank-president and Ben David, who was blind and deaf to his blessed his amiable wife, and is finally received into the opportunities until, on the very day of the cruci- family as a permanent resident. The little volume fixion, he awoke to a sense of his obtuseness. The is attractively illustrated and beautifully decorated. obvious moral stands out clearly. Two illustra- – Mr. Irvin S. Cobb, home from the war and tions are inserted, and an ornamental paper cover temporarily out of more thrilling themes, turns to encloses the score of pages containing the story.- amusing account his attack of appendicitis and the Captain Ian Hay Beith, better known as Ian Hay, operation therefor. “ Speaking of Operations chronicles the history of “Scally” (Houghton), (Doran) makes the most of the rather abundant which is sub-titled “The Story of a Perfect Gen- opportunity for sarcastic and facetious comment tleman.” Excalibur is the full name of the hero, that is offered to a shrewdly observant surgical who is a dog, snatched from a watery grave in patient in an up-to-date hospital; and it does so puppyhood. His memorable deeds, with a love- with the help of illustrations almost as provocative story interwoven, fill nine short chapters, and many of smiles as is the little story itself. » 624 (Dec. 23 THE DIAL NOTES. The author discusses, among other problems, “ The Law of Strife and the Ideal of Peace," “ The " The Note-Book of a Neutral," by Mr. Joseph Moral and Religious Issues," and "Natural Law Medill Patterson, is announced for immediate pub- and Creativeness.” lication by Messrs. Duffield. Among the elaborately illustrated gift-books of “ Justice in War Time," by Mr. Bertrand Rus- the season are the following, published by Messrs. sell, is a volume promised for early publication by “ Picture Book for the French Red the Open Court Publishing Co. Cross,” illustrated in color by Mr. Edmund Dulac, A new novel by Mr. Henry Kitchell Webster, with verses translated from the Old French and entitled “ The Real Adventure," is scheduled for tales from the “ Arabian Nights”; “Rabbi Ben early issue by the Bobbs-Merrill Co. Ezra, and Other Poems from Robert Browning," “The Stranger's Wedding" is the title of a illustrated by Mr. Bernard Partridge; and “The forthcoming novel by Mr. W. L. George, which Book of Old English Songs and Ballads," illus- Messrs. Little, Brown & Co. will issue. trated in color by Miss Eleanor F. Brickdale. A new volume of verse by Mr. Lee Wilson Dodd, ture," by Mr. Arthur Kingsley Porter, is to be An exhaustive study of “Lombard Architec- “ The Middle Miles, and Other Poems,” will come shortly from the Yale University Press. published by the Yale University Press in four volumes. The first of these, consisting of plates, A volume of plays by Mr. Theodore Dreiser, mostly from photographs taken by the author, is entitled “ Plays of the Natural and Supernatural," now nearly ready. The three remaining volumes will be issued by John Lane Co. in January. will be devoted to text. One phase of the subject “ The Foreign Relations of the United States," was dealt with by the author in a volume issued by by Professor Willis Fletcher Johnson, is an his- the same press in 1911 under the title “ The Con- torical work announced for publication early in struction of Lombard and Gothic Vaults." the new year by the Century Co. “Letters from America” by the late Rupert Miss Viola Meynell has finished a new novel, Brooke is announced for immediate publication by “Narcissus," to be published early in January. Messrs. Scribner. These letters were written to an During that month also will appear Mr. Hugh English newspaper two or three years ago, and in Walpole's new novel, “ The Dark Forest,” an out- the volume is included a paper written at the out- come of the author's recent experiences at the break of the war, and giving a glimpse of the Russian scene of action. effect of the sudden crisis on the mind of a young Among other new importations of the house of Englishman. A sympathetic Introduction and Scribner the following are promised: “ Form appreciation is furnished by Mr. Henry James, and Colour," by Mr. Lisle March Phillipps; “A and the frontispiece consists of a new portrait in Frenchman's Thoughts on the War," by M. Paul photogravure. Sabatier; and "A Short History of English Rural Mr. A. H. de Tremaudan has written an account Life," by Mr. Montague Fordham. of the Hudson Bay Railway, now under construc- Miss Marie Van Vorst, who has been delivering tion between Pass Manitoba to Port Nelson, which lectures in America for the benefit of the American Messrs. Dutton will publish under the title, “The Ambulance in France, has written an account of Hudson Bay Road." Among other volumes soon her personal work with the Red Cross, which John to come from the same house are: “ The Appeal Lane Co. will publish shortly under the title, of the Picture," by Mr. F. C. Tilney; "Elef- “ War Letters of an American Woman." therios Venizelos: His Life and His Work," by Among other volumes immediately forthcoming Dr. G. Kerofilos; and “ Old Familiar Faces” and from the Oxford University Press are: “ The “Poetry and the Renascence of Wonder," by Mr. Theodore Watts-Dunton. Evolution of Prussia,” by Messrs. J. A. R. Mar- riott and C. Grant Robertson; an illustrated The immediately forthcoming books of Messrs. edition of Reade's “ The Cloister and the Hearth"; Putnam include a study of “Social Freedom," by and “The Rise of English Literary Prose," by Elsie Clews Parsons, who, as in her earlier books Mr. George Philip Krapp. on “ The Family” and “The Old-Fashioned Mr. George Moore has in preparation a romance Woman," draws freely on the customs and regula- tions of earlier and primitive societies by way of of the Holy Land entitled “The Brook Kerith," comparison or contrast with existing conditions; which has for its principal characters Jesus Christ, Paul of Tarsus, and Joseph of Arimathea. The “ Curiosities in Proverbs," by Mr. Dwight Ed- wards Marvin, containing over 2000 translated story is written around legends which have been folk-sayings, gathered from seventy and more lan- current for many centuries, though not to be guages and dialects, with explanatory notes, lists found in the Gospels, and the local color was of allied phrases, and an introductory essay on the drawn by the author on the spot. proverbs of the world; and “ Chinese Art Motives A psychological contribution to the literature of Interpreted,” by Winifred Reed Tredwell, an illus- the war will shortly be published in a work entitled trated book on the life that underlies Chinese art, “War and the Ideal of Peace," described in the sub- illustrated with examples from well-known collec- title as “a study of those characteristics of man tions. that result in war, and of the means by which they A loss to English poetry is reported from En- may be controlled," by Dr. H. Rutgers Marshall. gland in the death on Dec. 9 of Stephen Phillips, 1915) 625 THE DIAL known to theatre-goers as well as to readers for LIST OF NEW BOOKS. his successful “ Paolo and Francesca,” if for noth- (The following list, containing 120 titles, includes books ing else. Some fifteen poetic and dramatic com- received by The Dial since its last issue.] positions, however, besides his volume of poems that received the "Academy” one-hundred-pound HOLIDAY GIFT-BOOKS. prize in 1897, stand to his credit, among them Beautiful Gardens in America. By Louise Shelton. Illustrated in color, etc., large 8vo, 306 pages. being Christ in Hades," which first arrested the Charles Scribner's Sons. $5. net. attention of watchful critics, “Herod,” “ Ulysses," Romance of Old Belgium: From Cæsar to Kaiser. “ The Sin of David,” “Nero,” “The Last Heir," By Elizabeth W. Champney and Frère Champney. Illustrated, 8vo, 432 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. “ Pietro of Siena," The King," “ Iole," and $2.50 net. “Panama and Other Poems," most of these being The Dream of Gerontius. By John Henry Cardinal Newman; illustrated by Stella Langdale, with an in dramatic form, and some of them tested as to introduction by Gordon Tidy. 8vo, 94 pages. their stage merits by actual presentation. Mr. John Lane Co. $1.25 net. Our American Wonderlands. By George Wharton Phillips was well qualified to write for the stage James. Illustrated, 8vo, 297 pages. A. C. Mc- since he had, in his first and only term at Queen's Clurg & Co. $2. net. Illus- The Flower Art of Japan. By Mary Averill. College, Cambridge, cut loose from academic re- trated in color, etc., 8vo, 216 pages. John Lane straints and joined Mr. Frank Benson's company Co. $1.50 net. of players when it chanced to visit the town; and Wild Flowers of the North American Mountains. By Julia W. Henshaw. Illustrated in color, 8vo, for six years he played various small parts with 383 pages. Robert M. McBride & Co. $2.50 net. this company. His previous schooling had been at To Your Dog and to My Dog. By Lincoln Newton Stratford and Peterborough, his father, the Rev. Kinnicutt. Large 8vo, 148 pages. Houghton Mif- fin Co. $1. net. Stephen Phillips, D.D., being Precentor of Peter- Every Day. By Edgar Whitaker Work, 12mo, 366 borough Cathedral. To complete this reversed pages. American Tract Society. $1.25 net. biography, he was born at Somertown, near Ox- “ Speaking of Operations —" By Irvin S. Cobb; illustrated by Tony Sarg. 12mo, 64 pages. ford, July 28, 1868, and was thus in the prime of George H. Doran Co. 50 cts. net. life when death overtook him. Though his later A Song Old and New. By Judson Swift. 16mo, 4 pages. American Tract Society. Paper, books evidenced a sad decline in poetic power, the 15 cts. net. author of such works as “ Paolo and Francesca " and “ Marpessa BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG. will long hold a secure place in Black Beauty. By Anna Sewell; illustrated in the annals of English poetry. color, etc., by Lucy Kemp-Welch. 8vo, 226 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.50 net. The following appeal for a Tennyson Memorial More Tales from the Arabian Nights. Selected, appears in a recent issue of the London “ Times," edited, and arranged by Frances Jenkins Olcott; signed by several notable names: “ The Com- illustrated in color by Willy Pogany. 12mo, 274 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.25 net. mittee of the Public Library at Lincoln are will- The American Boys' Book of Bugs, Butterflies, and ing — and it is their own suggestion — to set apart Beetles. By Dan Beard. Illustrated in color, 12mo, 309 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $2. net. a room to become the home for Tennyson Manu- The Boy Collector's Handbook. By Alpheus Hyatt scripts, early and other editions of the poems, por- Verrill. Illustrated, 8vo, 290 pages. Robert M. McBride & Co. $1.50 net. traits, busts, personal relics, &c., somewhat in the Brave Deeds of Union Soldiers. By Samuel Scoville, same manner as has been done so successfully in Jr. Illustrated, 8vo, 397 pages. George W. the case of Wordsworth at Dove Cottage, Gras- Jacobs & Co. $1.50 net. Nancy Lee's Lookout. By Margaret Warde. Illus- mere. It is believed that if it were known that trated, 12mo, 341 pages. Penn Publishing Co. such a centre was established, many admirers of $1.25 net. Illus- Tennyson would be glad to send some gift which Ross Grant, Tenderfoot. By John Garland. trated, 12mo, 384 pages. Penn Publishing Co. would increase the value of the collection and make $1.25 net. it worthy of a visit by lovers and students of the Joyful Star: Indian Stories for Camp Fire Girls. By Emelyn Newcomb Partridge. Illustrated, poet from all parts of the Empire. This is no 12mo, 199 pages. Sturgis & Walton Co. $1.25 net. time to ask for money; and only very slight The Boy Scouts in a Trapper's Camp: By Thornton W. Burgess. Illustrated, 12mo, 362 pages. Penn expenditure is contemplated. But it is a time to Publishing Co. $1. net. suggest that in his memory who wrote the Ode on Byliny Book: Hero Tales of Russia. Told from the the Death of the Duke of Wellington, the Charge Russian by Marion Chilton Harrison. Illus- trated, 8vo, 70 pages. Cambridge: W. Heffer & of the Light and Heavy Brigades, the Relief of Sons, Ltd. Lucknow, The Revenge, and many other patriotic A Little Princess of the Stars and Stripen. By Aileen Cleveland Higgins. Illustrated, 12mo, 320 verses, lovers of Tennyson should be invited to pages. Penn Publishing Co. $1. net. give or lend some suitable contributions to a cen- The Camp by Copper River. By Henry S. Spalding, S.J. Illustrated, 12mo, 192 pages. Benziger tral Tennyson Museum in the capital town of his Brothers. 85 cts. net. native county. Gifts will be received and ac- On the Borders with Andrew Jackson. By John T. McIntyre. knowledged by the Librarian — Mr. A. R. Corns Penn Illustrated, 12mo, 200 pages. Publishing Co. 75 cts. net. Public Library, Lincoln; and it would be well that before sending gifts the committee should be BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. consulted through him, for space is limited. We The Life of Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal. By hope that many objects of first-rate interest and Beckles Willson. In 2 volumes, illustrated in photogravure, etc., large 8vo. Houghton Miffin importance will be enshrined in what will, we Co. $6.50 net. believe, become in time a very notable Tennyson Michelangelo. By Romain Rolland; translated by Frederick Street. Illustrated, large 8vo, 189 Collection. The proposal has the approval of pages. Duffield & Co. $2.50 net. Lord Tennyson, who has already sent a number of Wall Street and the Wilds. By A. W. Dimock. Illustrated, large 8vo, 476 pages. Outing Pub- valuable loans.” lishing Co. $3. net. 626 (Dec. 23 THE DIAL Three Score and Ten: A Book for the Aged. By Amelia E. Barr. 12mo, 327 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50 net. GENERAL LITERATURE. Sir French Poets: Studies in Contemporary Litera- ture. By Amy Lowell. With portraits, 8vo, 488 pages. Macmillan Co. $2.50 net. America's Coming-of-Age. By Van Wyck Brooks. 12mo, 183 pages. B. W. Huebsch. $1. net. Latin Satirical Writing Subsequent to Juvenal. By Arthur H. Weston. 8vo, 163 pages. Lancaster, Pa.: New Era Printing Co. Paper. The Universe as Pictured in Milton's Paradise Lost: An Illustrated Study for Personal and Class Use. By William Fairfield Warren. 8vo, 80 pages. The Abingdon Press. 75 cts. net. VERSE AND DRAMA. The Immigrants: A Lyric Drama. By Percy Mack- aye; with introduction by Frederic C. Howe. 12mo, 138 pages. B. W. Huebsch. $1. net. Anthology of Magazine Verse for 1915, and Year Book of American Poetry. Edited by William Stanley Braithwaite. 8vo, 295 pages. Gomme & Marshall $1.50 net. Plays for Small Stages. By Mary Aldis. With frontispiece, 12mo, 105 pages. Duffield & Co. $1.25 net. Italy in Arms, and Other Poems. By Clinton Scol- lard. 12mo, 70 pages. New York: Gomme & Marshall. 75 cts. net. The Poets' Lincoln: Tributes in Verse to the Mar- tyred President. Selected by Osborn H. Oldroyd. Illustrated, 12mo, 261 pages. Washington: Pub- lished by the editor. $1. net. Songs of Brittany. By Théodore Botrel; translated from the French, with an introduction by Ana- tole Le Braz. 12mo, 95 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1. net. The Jew to Jesus, and Other Poems. By Florence Kiper Frank. 12mo, 90 pages. Mitchell Ken- nerley. $1. net. The Wings of Song. By Harold Hersey. 16mo, 40 pages. Washington: The Library Press. The Sea Wind: A Book of Verse. By William Col- burn Husted. 12mo, 57 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1. net. Little John Bull, and Other Poems. By Daisy Mc- Leod Wright. 12mo, 60 pages. The Gorham Press. 75 cts. net. To One from Arcady, and Other Poems. By Theo- dore L. Fitz Simons. With frontispiece, 12mo, 55 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1. net. Criminals: A One-Act Play about Marriage. By George Middleton. 12mo, 43 pages. B. W. Huebsch. 50 cts. net. Zeitkinder: A Play to Be Read. By Henry Jones Mulford. 12mo, 107 pages. Buffalo: Privately Printed. TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION. Travels in Alaska. By John Muir. Illustrated, 8vo, 327 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $2.50 net. India and Its Faiths: A Traveler's Record. By James Bissett Pratt, Ph.D. Illustrated, 8vo, 483 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $4. net. A Rambler's Recollections and Reflections. By Al- fred Capper. Illustrated, 8vo, 330 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. PUBLIC AFFAIRS. POLITICS, SOCIOLOGY, AND NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. Loeb Classical Library. New volumes: Pliny's Let- ters, with an English translation by William Melmoth, revised by W. M. L. Hutchinson, in 2 volumes; The Odes of Pindar, including the principal fragments, with an English translation by John Sandys, Litt.D.; Lucian, with an English translation A. M. Harmon, Volume II; Apuleius's The Golden Ass, being the Metamor- phoses of Lucius Apuleius, with an English translation by W. Adlington (1566), revised by S. Gaselee. Each with frontispiece, 12mo. Mac- by ECONOMICS. Ireland: Vital Hour. By Arthur Lynch, M.P. With photogravure portrait, large 8vo, 388 pages. John C. Winston Co. $2.50 net. The Crowd in Peace and War. By Martin Conway. 8vo, 332 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.75 net. Comparative Free Government. By Jesse Macy and John W. Gannaway. 8vo, 754 pages. Macmillan Co. $2.25 net. Government and Politics of the German Empire. By Fritz-Konrad Krüger. With portrait, 12mo, 340 pages. World Book Co. BOOKS ABOUT THE GREAT WAR. 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Paris: Min- istry of Public Instruction and the Fine Arts. Paper. Technical Book Review Index. Volume I, No. 2. 12mo, 51 pages. Chicago: Index Office, Inc. Paper. THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published fortnightly - every other Thursday – except in July and August, in which but one issue for each month will appear. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2. a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States and Mexico; Foreign postage 50 cents per year extra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. ADVER- TISING RATES furnished on application. Entered as Second-Cluss Matter, October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. Published by THE HENRY O. SHEPARD COMPANY, 632 Sherman Street, Chicago. JUST PUBLISHED Short-Story Writing A The Adolescent Period Its Features and Management Course of forty lessons in the history, form, structure, and writing of the Short Story, taught by Dr. J. Berg Esenwein, formerly Editor of Lippincott's Magazine. One student, before completing the lessons, received over $1000 for manuscripts sold to Woman's Home Companion, Pictorial Review, McCall's, and other leading magazines. Also courses in Photoplay Writing, Versification and Poetics, Journalism. In all, over One Hundred Dr. Escowein Courses, under professors in Harvard, Brown, Cornell, and other leading colleges. 250-Page Catalog Free. Please Address THE HOME CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL Dept. 571, Springfield, Mas. 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