418 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARY THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Fournal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information VOLUME XL. JANUARY 1 TO JUNE 16, 1906 CHICAGO THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 1906 :: .. 249621 . . . . • . . . INDEX TO VOLUME XL. PAGE ACADEMIC WELFARE 31 ACTOR'S MEMORIES OF A FELLOW ACTOR Percy F. Bicknell 316 ALABAMA IN WAR-TIME AND AFTER James Wilford Garner 150 AMERICAN DIPLOMACY, MEANING AND INFLUENCE OF Frederic Austin Ogg 190 AMERICAN MEN OF LETTERS, Two W. E. Simonds 119 AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, THREE DECADES OF THE F. B. R. Hellems 289 APOSTLE OF CLEAR THINKING, AN Percy F. Bicknell 285 CARLYLE'S BIOGRAPHER, A BIOGRAPHY OF Percy F. Bicknell 80 CELTIC LITERATURE Charles Leonard Moore 185 CHRISTIANITY, THE BASIS OF T. D. 4. Cockerell 323 CHURCHILL, LORD RANDOLPH E. D. Adams 385 CITY, THE, AS DEMOCRACY'S HOPE Charles Zueblin 230 COMMERCIAL TRAVELLER IN THE LAND OF PIZARRO Thomas H. Macbride 322 CONTINENTAL LITERATURE, A YEAR OF 34 EARTH'S HISTORY, NEW THEORIES OF THE H. Foster Bain 384 EDUCATION, A New HISTORY OF Edward O. Sisson 116 ENGLAND, AN OXFORD HISTORY OF St. George L. Sioussat 122 ENGLISH KING, Two VIEWS OF A GREAT Laurence M. Larson . 291 ENGLISH NATURALISTS, THE DOYEN OF . T. D. A. Cockerell 11 EUROPEAN DIPLOMACY IN ITS BEGINNINGS David Y. Thomas 9 FICTION, RECENT William Morton Payne 15, 153, 262,364 FICTION, THE CARDINAL VIRTUES OF 221 FIELD LIBRARIES Melvil Dewey : 75 FRANCE, MONARCHY OR REPUBLIC IN Henry E. Bourne 295 FRENCH DRAMATISTS, THE GREATEST OF H. C. Chatfield-Taylor 192 FRENCH LITERATURE, STUDIES IN Arthur G. Canfield. 13 GARDEN BLOOMS AND WAYS Sara Andrew Shafer 359 GARDENERS, THE GREATEST OF MODERN Thomas H. Macbride 47 GOETHE BIOGRAPHY, A DEFINITIVE Lewis A. Rhoades 85 GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 283 GREEK TRAGIC STAGE, A PHILOSOPHICAL RADICAL ON THE F. B. R. Hellems. 389 IBSEN, HENRIK . 351 IBSEN INTIME 379 IMMIGRATION PROBLEM, STUDIES OF THE Frederic Austin Ogg 257 IMMORTALITY, What Is ? T. D. A. Cockerell 228 IRISH PATRIOT, AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN Percy F. Bicknell 37 IRISH STORY-TELLER, A ROLLICKING Percy F. Bicknell 382 JACKSON, ANDREW, TO ANDREW JOHNSON Edwin E. Sparks 229 JAPAN'S ANCIENT RELIGION William Elliot Griffis 255 JAPANESE ARCHITECTURE AND LIED ARTS Frederick W. Gookin 192 LAMB'S LATEST BIOGRAPHER Percy F. Bicknell 6 LANDSCAPE ART, MODERN, THE FOUNDER OF Walter Cranston Larned 256 LIFE-SAVING AS A MILITARY SCIENCE William Elliott Griffis 388 MASTERY, THE MASTERLINESS OF . Charles H. Cooper 254 MILITARY CRITICISM OF THE LATE WAR William Elliot Griffis 194 NOVEL AT THE BAR, THE 141 NOVELS, NOTES ON NEW 18 ORIENT, RE-SHAPING OF THE Frederic Austin Ogg 317 PAGAN WORLD, THE OLD UNTROUBLED F. B. R. Hellems . 196 POET FOR POETS, A. 3 POETRY, CONTEMPORARY, NOTES ON Martha Hale Shackford 249 POETRY, RECENT AMERICAN William Morton Payne 125 POETRY, RECENT ENGLISH William Morton Payne . 325 POINT OF DEPARTURE, A 109 PRECEPTS FOR THE YOUNG, AND REFLECTIONS FOR THE OLD T. D. A. Cockerell 151 PRE-RAPHAELITISM FROM A NEW ANGLE Edith Kellogg Dunton 113 PROVENCE: Its HISTORY, ART, AND LITERATURE Josiah Renick Smith 39 RAILWAY-RATE DISCUSSION, SOME CURRENT H. Parker Willis . 82 . • . . . . 37931m iv. INDEX PAGE READING, INDISCRIMINATE, THE DELIGHTS OF Percy F. Bicknell 111 REASON IN RELIGION AND IN ART A. K. Rogers 87 REYNOLDS, SIR JOSHUA, AND HIS WORK Charles Henry Hart 225 ST. LAWRENCE, DISCOVERER OF THE Lawrence J. Burpee . 260 SANDWICH ISLAND SOUVENIRS Percy F. Bicknell 223 SCHILLER, A RE-VALUATION OF Starr Willard Cutting 41 SCHOOL, THE LIBRARY IN THE 73 SEA POWER AND THE WAR OF 1812 Anna Heloise Abel 45 SHAKESPEARE, Two RECENT BOOKS ON Charles H. A. Wager 89 SHAKESPEAREAN TABLE-TALK . Edward E. Hale, Jr. 148 SLAVERY AND ITS AFTERMATH W. E. Burghardt Du Bois 294 SOCIAL SCIENCE, PARTISANS AND HISTORIANS IN Charles Richmond Henderson 296 SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY, MAIN CURRENTS IN Frank W. Blackmar 146 SPORTSMAN-NATURALIST, TALES OF A Charles Atwood Kofoid 356 TEACHING PROFESSION, THE 313 THOREAU AND HIS CRITICS Gilbert P. Coleman 352 TRAVELS BY SEA AND LAND H. E. Coblentz 360 TRAVELLERS IN MANY LANDS H. E. Coblentz 232 TREE Book, THE AMERICAN Bohumil Shimek 358 VICTORIAN CELEBRITIES, A GIRL'S IMPRESSIONS OF Percy F. Bicknell 188 WALPOLE LETTERS, OLD AND NEW H. W. Boynton 320 WHITMAN, THE REAL AND THE IDEAL . Percy F. Bicknell 144 ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING Books, 1906 204 ONE HUNDRED NOVELS FOR SUMMER READING, A DESCRIPTIVE List of 368 BRIEFS ON NEW Books 20, 48, 92, 128, 156, 197, 236, 264, 298, 330, 391 BRIEFER MENTION 24, 52, 96, 160, 202, 239, 333 NOTES 24, 52, 97, 132, 161, 203, 239, 268, 302, 334, 367, 395 TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS 25, 98, 161, 240, 303 LISTS OF NEW BOOKS 25, 53, 99, 133, 162, 211, 241, 269, 304, 335, 371, 396 . . . PAGB AUTHORS AND TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED PAGE Abbott, G. F. Through India with the Prince.... 362 Benson, E. F. The Angel of Pain.. 264 Adams, George Burton. Political History of England, 1066- Benton, Joel. Persons and Places... 50 1216.. 122 Bernheimer, Charles S. The Russian Jew in the United Ady, Julia Cartwright. Raphael.. 160 States.. 259 Aldis, Janet. Madame Geoffrin and her Salon. 236 Bernstein, Herman. Contrite Hearts. 20 Aldrich, Richard. Guide to the Ring of the Nibelung.. 97 Bielschowsky, Albert. Life of Goethe, trans. by William A. Aldrich, Thomas Bailey. Songs and Sonnets, Riverside Cooper, Vol. I... 85 Press edition... 394 Bigelow, Melville. Centralization and the Law. 333 Alexander, Mrs. Francis. Il Libro D'Oro. 132 Bindloss, Harold. Alton of Somasco.. 361 American Catalog, The, 1900-4.. 96 Binns, Henry B. Life of Walt Whitman.. 144 Andrews, Arthur Lynn. Specimens of Discourse. 98 Birrell, Augustine. Andrew Marvell... 51 Arms, M. W. Carducci's "Poems of Italy" 359 Birrell, Augustine. In the Name of the Bodleian. 159 Armstrong, Walter. Sir Joshua Reynolds, popular edition 225 Blackmar, Frank W. Elements of Sociology.. 202 Armstrong, Walter. The Peel Collection and the Dutch Boas, Mrs. F. S. With Milton and the Cavaliers.. 94 School of Painting.. 128 Borrow, George. Romano Lavo-Lil, new edition. 23 Arthur, Richard. Ten Thousand Miles in a Yacht. 361 Boulton, William B. Sir Joshua Reynolds.... 225 Ashley, W.J. Progress of the German Working Classes... 297 Bourne, Henry E. A History of Mediæval and Modern Aston, W. G. Shinto, the Way of the Gods.. 255 Europe.. 24 Atkinson, F. W. The Philippine Islands. 48 Bradley, A. G. In the March and Borderland of Wales.. 237 Avery, Elroy M. History of the United States, Vol II. 331 Brady, Cyrus Townsend. The Patriots... 263 Bagot, Richard. The Passport.. 19 Brandes, Georg. Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Baker, Franklin T., and Carpenter, George R. Language Literature, Vol. VI..... 157 303 Braun, Wilhelm A. Types of Weltschmerz in German Poetry 24 Barine, Arvède. Louis XIV. and La Grande Mademoiselle 96 Brooke, Stopford. On Ten Plays of Shakespeare. 148 Bastian, H. Charlton. Nature and Origin of Living Matter 392 Brown, Horatio F. In and around Venice... 268 Batchelor, John. Ainu - English - Japanese Dictionary, Brown, William Horace. The Glory Seekers. 393 second edition... 803 Buley, E. c. Australian Life in Town and Country. 197 Bayne, Charles J. Perdita 127 Campbell, Wilfred. Poems, collected edition. 128 Baxter, James Phinney. Memoir of Jacques Cartier. 260 Carbery, Ethna.” The Four Winds of Eirinn. 329 Beach, Rex E. The Spoilers..... 364 Carpenter, George R. Model English Prose.. 161 Beach, Seth Curtis. Daughters of the Puritans. 160 Carpenter, J. Estlin. James Martineau. 22 Beavan, Arthur H. Fishes I Have Known. 302 Carus, Paul. Friedrich Schiller..... 24 Beecher, Henry Ward. Sermon Briefs.. 161 Castle, Agnes and Egerton. If Youth But Knew!.. 364 Readers ...... - INDEX v PAGE Cawein, Madison J. The Vale of Tempe. 126 Caxton Thin Paper Classics" ...97, 239, 367 Chamberlin, Thomas C., and Salisbury, Rollin D. Geology, Vols. II. and III... 384 Chambers, Alfred B. Standard Webster Pocket Dictionary 239 Chamblin, Jean. Lady Bobs, her Brother, and I.. 20 Charlton, John. Speeches and Addresses... 53 Cheney, John Vance. Inaugural Addresses, Johnson to Roosevelt 133 Churchill, Winston S. Life of Lord Randolph Churchill... 385 Clement, Ernest W. Handbook of Modern Japan, revised edition 24 Coit, Stanton. Mill's “The Subjection of Women". 239 Coleridge, Ernest H. Byron's Poems, one-volume edition 240 Collins, J. Churton. Matthew Arnold's "Merope".. ... 203 Collins, Varnum L. Ravages of the British and Hessians in 1776-7.... 896 Cook, Theodore Andrea. Old Provence 39 Coudert, Frederic R. Addresses.. 51 Cox, Isaac J. Journeys of La Salle. 203 Cram, Ralph Adams. Impressions of Japanese Architecture 192 Crockett, S. R. Fishers of Men.... 264 Crockett, S. R. The Cherry Ribband.. 153 Crosby, Ernest. Garrison, the Non-Resistant. 95 Crosby, Oscar Terry. Tibet and Turkestan. 234 Crothers, Samuel M. The Pardoner's Wallet. 22 Davies, David Ffrangcon. Singing of the Future. 131 Davis, Norah. The Northerner.. 16 Dawson, W.J. Makers of English Fiction.. 51 Decharme, Paul. Euripides and the Spirit of his Dramas.. 389 De Guerville, A. B. New Egypt..... 235 Devine, Edward T. Efficiency and Relief.. 298 Dickinson, Edward. Study of the History of Music. 23 Dickinson, G. Lowes. The Greek View of Life. 196 Dickson, Richard Watson. Last Poems.... 328 Dix, Beulah Marie. The Fair Maid of Graystones. 155 Dix, Morgan. History of Trinity Parish, Vol. III. 198 Downey, Edmund. Charles Lever... 382 Egan, Maurice F. The Ghost in Hamlet.. 298 Elliot, Daniel Giraud. Check List of Mammals. 133 Ellis, Elizabeth. Barbara Winslow, Rebel.... 155 Elson, Henry William. School History of the United States 203 Elson, Louis C. Music Dictionary.. 333 Eltzbacher, O. Modern Germany. 333 Elzas, Barnett A. Jews of South Carolina. 392 "English Catalogue of Books for 1905”. 302 Eytinge, Rose, Memories of.... 96 Farmer, James E. Versailles and the Court under Louis XIV. 50 Fitch, Clyde. The Girl with the Green Eyes. 98 Flammarion, Camille. Thunder and Lightning. 331 Fleming, Walter L. Civil War and Reconstruction in Alabama .. 150 Ford, Worthington C. Journals of the Continental Con- gress.. .202, 334, 396 Foster, George Burman. Finality of the Christian Religion 324 Fowles, George M. Down in Porto Rico...... 383 Friswell, Laura Hain. In the Sixties and Seventies.. 188 Fry, Roger. Sir Joshua Reynolds's Discourses.. 225 Gapon, Father. Story of My Life.... 395 Gasiorowski, Waclaw. Napoleon's Love Story. 153 Geil, William Edgar. A Yankee in Pigmy Land. 233 George, Henry, Jr. The Menace of Privilege.... 297 Gifford, Augusta H. Italy, her People and their Story. 156 Gilder, Richard Watson. In the Heights.... 125 Gilman, Daniel C. The Launching of a University. 289 Givler, Robert Chenault. Poems... 127 Gladden, Washington. Christianity and Socialism. 238 Gladden, Washington. The New Idolatry. 131 Glasgow, Ellen. The Wheel of Life.. 156 Gore-Booth, Eva. The Three Resurrections and the Tri- umph of Maeve..... 329 Gosse, Edmund. French Profiles.. 13 Gosse, Edmund. Sir Thomas Browne. 237 'Gray, Maxwell.” The Great Refusal. 155 Greenslet, Ferris. James Russell Lowell. 119 PAGE Greensheilds, E. B. Landscape Painting and Modern Dutch Artists 300 Grinnell, William M. Social Theories and Social Facts... 297 Guerber, H. A. How to Prepare for Europe. 394 Haggard, Rider. Ayesha........ 20 Haile, Martin. Queen Mary of Modena.. 332 Haines, Henry S. Restrictive Railway Legislation.. 82 Hale, Louis Closser. A Motor Car Divorce..... 366 Hall, Prescott F. Immigration and its Effects upon the United States. 257 Halsey, Francis W. Mrs. Rowson's “Charlotte Temple". 52 Hanotaux. Gabrièl. Contemporary France, Vol. II.. 295 Harding, Samuel B. Essentials in Mediæval and Modern History.. 24 Hardy, Thomas. The Dynasts, part second. 325 larper, Samuel. Russian Reader... Hart, Jerome. A Levantine Log Book.. 234 Harvie-Brown, J. A. Travels of a Naturalist in Northern Europe. 363 Harwood, W. S. New Creations in Plant Life. 47 Hasluck, Paul N. Book of Photography.. 98 Havell, E. B. Benares, the Holy City.... 361 Heilprin, Angelo and Louis. Lippincott's Gazetteer, revised edition 97 Helen, W. H. Aspects of Balzac. 52 Heller, Otto. Studies in Modern German Literature. 367 Henderson, T. Sturge. Constable. 256 Henry, Arthur. Lodgings in Town... 19 Herbert, Charles W. Poems of the Seen and the Unseen... 328 Herrick, Christine T. Lewis Carroll Birthday Book.. 98 Hill, David J. History of European Diplomacy, Vol. I..... 9 Hill, George Birkbeck. Johnson's “Lives of the Poets". 203 Hobbes, John Oliver." The Flute of Pan.... 18 Höffding, Harald. Problems of Philosophy. 160 Holder, Charles Frederick. Life in the Open.. 356 Holder, Charles Frederick. Log of a Sea Angler.. 356 Holland, Robert Afton. The Commonwealth of Man. 297 Holman-Hunt, William. Pre-Raphaelitism and the Pre- Raphaelite Brotherhood... 113 Holt, Henry. "Calmire" and "Sturmsee," new editions.. 269 Hooper, Charles E. The Country House... 200 Hopkins, Herbert M. The Mayor of Warwick. 365 Hough, Emerson. Heart's Desire...... 155 Howe, Frederic C. The City, the Hope of Democracy. 230 Hudson, W. H. The Purple Land, new edition. 24 Hughes, Rupert. Zal. 20 Hulbert, Archer B. Washington and the West. 93 Hume, John F. The Abolitionists... 333 Hume, Martin. The Wives of Henry the Eighth. 293 Humphrey, Seth K. The Indian Dispossessed. 21 Hunt, Bampton. Green Room Book. 396 Hunt, William. Political History of England, 1760-1801.. 122 Hunt, William, and Poole, R. L. Political History of England..... 122 Hutton, Edward. Cities of Umbria.. 199 Hutton, Richard Holt. Brief Literary Criticisms. 302 Jackson, Charles T. Loser's Luck. 17 Jacobs, W. W. Captains All.... 19 Jefferies, Richard. “Amaryllis at the Fair and After London,” Dutton's reprints... 302 Jenks, Tudor. In the Days of Scott. 334 Jones, Samuel L. Letters of Labor and Love.. 129 Kelley, Florence. Ethical Gains through Legislation..... 23 Kenyon, Frederic G. Robert Browning and Alfred Domett 395 King, Henry Churchill. Rational Living ...... 151 King, W. L. Mackenzie. The Secret of Heroism.. 301 Konkle, Burton A. Life and Speeches of Thomas Williams 229 Krausz, Sigmund. Practical Automobile Dictionary.. 303 Kühnemann, Eugen. Schiller.. 41 Lane, Martha A, L., and Hill, Mabel. American History in Literature.. 239 Lane, Mrs. John. The Champagne Standard. 200 Lang, Andrew. New Collected Rhymes... 327 Lang, Andrew. Oxford, illustrated edition.. 24 Lang, Andrew. Sir Walter Scott... 394 Lang, Andrew. The Secret of the Totem. 265 vi. INDEX PAGE Lankester, E. Ray. Extinct Animals. .... 238 Le Roy, James A. Philippine Life in Town and Country.. 198 Legge, Arthur E.J. The Ford.. 154 Leonard, John W. Who's Who in America, 1906. 159 Liljencrantz, Ottilie A. Randvar the Songsmith. 366 Lincoln, Jeanie Gould. The Javelin of Fate.. 18 "Liquor Problem, The: A Summary of Investigations con- ducted by the Committee of Fifty, 1893-1903 ” 203 Lodge, George Cabot. The Great Adventure.. 126 London, Jack. War of the Classes...... 297 Long, Augustus W. American Poems, 1776-1900. 396 Lottridge, Silas A. Animal Snapshots and How Made. 94 Lounsbery, G. Constant. Love's Testament. 329 Lucas, E. V. Life of Charles Lamb. 6 Ludlow, James M. Sir Raoul.... 16 Lyman, Henry M. Hawaiian Yesterdays. 223 Lynde, Francis. The Quickening. 262 “Maartens, Maarten." The Healers. 264 McDermid, William A. Songs of the University of Chicago 303 Macdonald, Ronald. The Sea Maid... 263 Mahan, A. T. Sea Power and its Relations to the War of 1812 45 Maitland, J. A. Fuller. Grove's " Dictionary of Music and Musicians," Vol. II.. 267 Major, Charles. Yolanda. 19 Margoliouth, D. S. Works of Flavius Josephus.. 396 Mark Twain's Library of Humor" 98, 268, 334, 396 Marks, Mary A. M. The Tree of Knowledge. 329 Marston, Edward. Fishing for Pleasure and Catching It.. 396 Marvin, Frederic Rowland. The Companionship of Books 95 Masterman, C. F. G. In Peril of Change.. 391 Mathews, Robert V. Child of the Stars. 20 Maxwell, W. B. Vivien..... 154 Mayer, Alfred G. Sea-shore Life. 238 Mead, Edwin D. Dodge's War Inconsistent with the Religion of Christ”. 269 Mead, Lucia A. Patriotism and the New Internationalism 367 Meakin, Budgett. Model Factories and Villages.. 159 Medlicott, Mary. Abbreviations Used in Book Catalogues 97 Meredith, George, Works of, “ Pocket edition”. 367 Merejkowski, Dmitri. Peter and Alexis.... 153 Merriam, George S. The Negro and the Nation. 294 Michelson, Miriam. A Yellow Journalist. 20 Mifflin, Lloyd. Sonnets, collected edition.. 125 Milford, H. S. Cowper's Poems, Oxford edition, 96 Mill, Hugh R. The Siege of the South Pole. 360 Millar, A. H. Mary Queen of Scots. 266 Miller, Joaquin. The Building of the City Beautiful.. 300 Mims, Edwin. Sidney Lanier.... 119 Minchin, Harry C. Simples from Sir Thomas Browne's Garden... 34 Mitchell, S. Weir. Pearl. 239 Mitton, G. E. Jane Austen and her Times.. 158 Monroe, Paul. Text-Book in the History of Education.... 116 Moore, George. The Lake... 263 Moore, John Bassett. American Diplomacy 190 Morris, Sir Lewis. The New Rambler. 92 Müller, F. Max. Life and Religion... 152 Murray, A. H. Hallam. The High-Road of Empire.. 235 Musician's Library”. 133 "National Educational Association Proceedings," Meeting of 1905.... 97 Naylor, James Ball. The Kentuckian.. 365 Nevin, Blanche. Great-Grandma's Looking-Glass.. 203 Newcomb, Simon. Compendium of Spherical Astronomy.. 396 Newman, Ernest. Musical Studies.. 160 “Newnes' Art Library 160 Nicholson, Meredith. The House of a Thousand Candles.. 155 Noyes, Ella. The Casentino and its Story.. 131 Noyes, Walter Chadwick. American Railroad Rates. 82 Nugent, Meredith. New Games and Amusements. 52 O'Brien, William. Recollections.. 37 Ochlenschläger's “Axel and Valberg,” trans. by Frederick S. Kolbe... 367 "Old South Leaflets". 97 Oppenheim, E. Phillips. A Maker of History, 154 Osler, William. Counsels and Ideals.. 93 PAGE Ostwald, Wilhelm. Individuality and Immortality.. 228 Oxford Poets". 96 Page, Curtis H. Chief American Poets... 96 Page, N. Clifford. Twenty Songs by Stephen C. Foster.... 334 Painter, F. V. N. Great Pedagogical Essays.. 203 Pais, Ettore. Ancient Legends of Roman History. 201 Palmer, Frederick. Lucy of the Stars.. 866 Palmer, George H. Works of George Herbert. 129 Parker, William B., and Viles, Jonas. Letters and Ad- dresses of Thomas Jefferson..... 97 Parrish, Randall. A Sword of the Old Frontier.. 16 Parrish, Randall, Historic Illinois.... 94 Passmore, T. H. In Further Ardenne.. 234 Paul, Herbert. History of Modern England, Vol. IV. 95 Paul, Herbert. Life of Froude.. 80 Pepper, Charles M. Panama to Patagonia.. 322 Peters, Madison C. The Jews in America. 260 Pfleiderer, Otto. Christian Origins... 323 Phelps, Albert. Louisiana.... 157 Phillips, L. March. In the Desert.. 233 Phillips, Stephen. Nero..... 326 Phillpotts, Eden. The Portreeve. 364 "Photograms of the Year, 1905” 97 Platt, Isaac H. Bacon Cryptograms in Shakespeare. 90 Pollard, A. F. Henry VIII... 291 Potter, Margaret. The Genius.. 366 Prince, Morton. The Dissociation of a Personality 266 "Princess Priscilla's Fortnight" 18 Prothero, Rowland E. Letters of Richard Ford.. 265 Prout, Ebenezer. Songs and Airs by Händel. 183 Putnam, James J. Memoir of Dr. James Jackson, 180 Quayle, William A. The Prairie and the Sea.. 238 Quick, Herbert. Double Trouble.... 263 Ranck, George W. The Bivouac of the Dead and its Author 98 Rawling, C.G. The Great Plateau.. 235 Reed, John C. The Brothers' War. 92 Reid, Forrest. The Garden God., 267 Repplier, Agnes. In our Convent Days. 51 Rhys, Ernest. Everyman's Library. 393 Richman, Irving E. Rhode Island.. 132 Rickett, Leonard A. Poems of Love and Nature. 328 Robertson, Morgan. Land Ho... 19 Robins, Edward. William T. Sherman.. 239 Robinson, James H. Readings in European History. 333 Robinson, Tracy and Lucy. Selections from the Poetry of John Payne... 326 Rogers, Julia E. The Tree Book. 358 Roosevelt, Theodore. Outdoor Pastimes of an American Hunter 49 Ross, Janet. Florentine Palaces and their Stories. 160 Rothschild, Alonzo. Lincoln, Master of Men. 254 “Royal Academy Pictures, 1905”. 202 Runkle, Bertha. The Truth about Tolna. 367 St. Maur, Kate V. A Self-Supporting Home.. 130 St. Pierre's "Paul et Virginie,” Riverside Press edition... 394 Sainte-Beuve's “Portraits of the Eighteenth Century," trans. by Katharine Wormeley and George B. Ives..... 130 Salter, Emma G. Franciscan Legends in Italian Art.. 199 Sampson, John. Poetical Works of Blake.... 160 Sanborn, Mary F. Lynette and the Congressman 16 Sands, H. Hayden. The Valley of Dreams.. Santayana, George. The Life of Reason. .87, 300 Scarritt, Winthrop E. Three Men in a Motor Car.. 363 Schillings, C. G. Flashlights in the Jungle, trans. by Fred- erick Whyte.... 232 Schouler, James. Americans of 1776.. 299 Schuyler, Montgomery, Jr. Bibliography of the Sanskrit Drama 396 Scott, Duncan C. New World Lyrics and Ballads. 127 Seaman, Louis L. The Real Triumph of Japan. 388 Sedgwick, Henry Dwight. Short History of Italy. 156 Selincourt, Basil de. Giotto..... 158 Selous, Edmund. The Bird Watcher in the Shetlands. 198 Sewell, Cornelius V. V. Common-Sense Gardens. 360 Shaler, Nathaniel. Man and the Earth. 132 Shand, Alexander I. Days of the Past. 237 126 INDEX vii. - - PAGE Sharpley, Hugo. A Realist of the Ægean.. 367 Shelton, Louise. The Seasons in a Flower Garden.. 360 Sherman, Frank D., and Scollard, Clinton. A Southern Flight 127 Sherwood, Margaret. The Coming of the Tide. 19 Shuckburgh, E. S. Greece, from the Coming of the Hellenes to A. D. 14... 332 Sidgwick, Mrs. Alfred. The Professor's Legacy. 18 Sienkiewicz, Henryk. On the field of Glory. 153 Sieper, Ernst. Longfellow's “Evangeline". 132 Sinclair, Upton. The Jungle.. 262 Sinclair, William A. The Aftermath of Slavery 294 Singer, H. W. Drawings of Von Menzel. 202 Singleton, Esther. Holland..... 302 Skae, Hilda T. Mary Queen of Scots.. 266 Slater, Joseph. Book-Prices Current, 1905. 97 Slater, J. Herbert. How to Collect Books. 24 Small, Albion W. General Sociology ... 146 Smiley, James B. Manual of American Literature. 303 Smith, Goldwin. Irish History and the Irish Question. 330 Sollas, W.J. The Age of the Earth.. 300 Spargo, John. The Bitter Cry of the Children. 298 Sparks, Edwin E. Incidents Attending Johnston's Cap- tivity 24 Spears, John R. Admiral Farragut. 51 "Spirit of the Age Series”. 303 Stanwood, Edward. James G. Blaine. 49 Stephen, Sir Leslie. Thomas Hobbes.. 157 Stephenson, Henry T. Shakespeare's London. 89 Stickney, Trumbull. Poems... 125 Stokes, Hugh. Etchings of Charles Méryon.. 202 Street, George E. Mount Desert... 268 Strong, Josiah, Tolman, W. H., and Bliss, W. D. P. Social Progress, 1906... 396 "Supplementary Papers of the American School of Classical Studies in Rome," Vol. I. 239 Suttner, Baroness von. Ground Arms, new edition.... .53, 161 Swiggett, Glen L. Milton's Ode on the Morning of Christ's Nativity". 133 Swinburne, A. C. Tragedies, new library edition.. 330 Symons, Arthur. Spiritual Adventures... 201 Tarkington, Booth. The Conquest of Canaan. 155 Taylor, H. C. Agricultural Economics... 298 Tennyson's "In Memoriam," " Golden Treasury” edition 133 Thayer, Harvey W. Laurence Sterne in Germany. 24 Thorndike, Lynn. Place of Magic in the Intellectual His- tory of Europe. ... 133 Tolstoy, Leo. Christianity and Patriotism.. 97 PAGE Tout, T. F. Political History of England, 1216-1377. 122 Toynbee, Mrs. Paget. Letters of Horace Walpole.. 320 Traubel, Horace. With Walt Whitman in Camden. 144 Trent, William P. Greatness in Literature... 23 Trollope, Henry M. Life of Molière. .:. 192 Underhill, Evelyn. Miracles of Our Lady Saint Mary. 367 Vance, Louis Joseph. The Private War... 365 Van Dyke, Henry. Essays in Application. 20 Van Vorst, Marie. Miss Desmond. 19 Vaughn, John. Wild Flowers of Selborne. 359 Vedder, Henry C. Balthasar Hübmaier. 267 Wallace, Alfred Russel. My Life.. 11 “War in the Far East, The". 194 “Ward, A. B." The Sage Brush Parson... 262 Ward, H. Snowden. The Canterbury Pilgrimages. 268 Wardman, Ervin. The Princess Olga... 366 Warner, Beverly. Famous Introductions to Shakespeare's Plays... 332 Watson, Edward W. Old Lamps and New. 127 Watson, H. B. Marriott. Twisted Eglantine. 17 Watson, William. Poems, collected edition. 24 Wauchope, George A. Lamb's “Essays of Elia". 334 Weale, B. L. Putnam. The Re-Shaping of the Far East... 317 Wells, H.G. A Modern Utopia.. 296 Wells, H. G. Kipps.. 17 Wertheimer, Edward de. The Duke of Reichstadt. 21 Weyman, Stanley J. Starvecrow Farm. 17 Wharton, Edith. The House of Mirth.. 15 Whelpley, James D. Problem of the Immigrant. 259 "Who's Who" (English) 1908.. 161 Wilkins, W. H. Mrs. Fitzherbert and George IV. 202 Williams, C. F. Abdy. Story of Organ Music... 395 Williamson, C. N. and A. M. My Friend the Chauffeur.. 154 Wilson, Francis. Joseph Jefferson...... 316 Winship, George P. Sailors' Narratives of Voyages along the New England Coast. 301 Wister, Owen. Lady Baltimore. 365 Wolff, Julius. The Wild Huntsman, trans. by Ralph Davidson.. 98 Wood, W. Birbeck, and Edmonds, J. E. History of the Civil War.. 264 Woodberry, George E. Swinburne. 3 Woodberry, George E. The Torch. 236 Woods, F. A. Mental and Moral Heredity in Royalty. 299 "World's Classics". 396 Wright, Joseph. English Dialect Grammar. 24 Zimmern, Alice. Old Tales from Rome.... 302 Zueblin, Charles. A Decade of Civic Development. 200 MISCELLANEOUS American Literature in British Periodicals. M. B. A..... 223 Barnes & Co.'s Acquisition of the United Educational Co.'s Business 761 Bibliographic Needs and Possibilities. Eugene Fairfield McPike 78 Book Advertising, The Principles of. George French.. 5 “Burlington Magazine". 239 Editorial Career, A Distinguished. W. H. Johnson........ 380 English Metre, A New Theory of. Edward P. Morton.... 381 Fox, Duffield & Co.'s Acquisition of Herbert S.Stone & Co.'s Business 203 'Tarland, Henry, Death of 52 arper, William Rainey, Death of. 53 Hawaiian Yesterdays," The Author of. Sara Andrew Shafer... Molmenti's Venice, Announcement of. Naval Warfare, Improvised Means of. F. H. Costello. Paradise Lost," A Japanese Translation of. Smith, Edwin Burritt, Death of.. Swinburne as a Love Poet." Francis Howard Williams Swinburne as a Love Poet," A Final Word about. Henry 8. Pancoast Swinburne's Poetry. Henry S. Pancoast.. War of 1812, Late Discussions of the. F. H. Costello.... War of 1812, Peace Terms of the A. T. Mahan.. 253 6 287 324 335 79 112 36 143 253 2 [Jan. 1, 1906. THE DIAL Important Macmillan Announcements READY JANUARY 5 The Life of Lord Randolph Churchill By WINSTON SPENCER CHURCHILL, M.P. When it became known that Mr. Churchill was engaged in writing a book dealing in an exhaustive manner with the brilliant career of his father, the liveliest anticipations were aroused in all circles where an interest is taken in the public life of England. Lord Randolph Churchill occupied so conspicuous a position among his contemporaries in poli- tical life, and impressed his personality so effectively on the public mind of his time, that it was immediately recognized that a book dealing adequately with his career, by a writer who in his turn has achieved distinction both as author and politician, must possess more than ordinary interest for English readers. The two volumes will contain more than eleven hundred pages ; several portraits and some other illustrations will be included. Price of the set, $9.00 net. READY JANUARY 13- THE SECOND EDITION OF Salve Venetia! Gleanings from History By Mr. F. MARION CRAWFORD. Illustrated by JOSEPH PENNELL. Two volumes in a box, crown 8vo, $5.00 net. Carriage extra. “The book presents in attractive form all that is stirring, picturesque, and memorable in the history, art, and architecture of Venice and the life of its people.”—“Even better than the book on mediæval Rome does • Salve Venetia' reveal Mr. Crawford's splendid gift as historian, as a medium for the dramatic presentation of the chronicles of a wonderful community.” (Record- Herald, Chicago. ) -— “ An ideal book about Venice.” (New York Tribune.) --“Venice affords Mr. Crawford full opportunity for the exercise of his great power of dramatic presentation, and for graphic descriptions of bygone scenes which throb with life and reality.” (Boston Herald.) READY JANUARY 17 Pre-Raphaelitism and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood By WILLIAM HOLMAN HUNT, author of “ The Life of Williamson,” etc. Two volumes. Richly illustrated. $6.00 net. Carriage extra. Great interest has been aroused in all art circles by the announcement of this profoundly interesting contribution to the history of British art. The work will be uniform with the “Memorials of Edward Burne-Jones,” published last fall. It will be devoted to the lives and work of that band of men who did more than any other to restore life and vitality and meaning to English art during the last century. “I trust,” writes the author, " that my story of the private life of these men of genius will glorify them not less than those more ceremonious histories of their career, in which they appear as it were in stiff brocades and fine coats, donned to fence them from the eyes of the vulgar.” The author was one of the three founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Movement. NOW READY The Modern Trust Company By F. B. KIRKBRIDE and J. E. STERRETT. Cloth, 309 pages. $2.50 net. This is the first book to give a full and consistent description of the various lines of work in which a modern trust company engages. It discusses the duties of trust company officers and the relation of trust companies to the banking community and the public. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, 64-66 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. A POET FOR POETS. THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 18t and 16th of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2. a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must be added. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of subscription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All communi- cations should be addressed to THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER BY THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. No. 469. JANUARY 1, 1906. Vol. XL. CONTENTS. PAGE A POET FOR POETS 3 5 6 9 “Liberty, melody, passion, fate, nature, love, and fame are the seven chords which the poet's hand, from its first almost boyhood touch upon the lyre, has swept now for two score years with music that has been blown through the world.” These words strike the key-note of Professor Woodberry's appreciation of Mr. Swinburne's poetry- a book in form, an essay in dimensions, and a nugget of pure gold in critical quality. We are indebted to Mr. Woodberry for many precious earlier gifts — for much noble verse of his own and for much finely-tempered discourse upon the verse of other men - but to no piece of his writing more than to this, in which the poet speaks of the poet straight to the heart of all who love poetry. We started to read Mr. Woodberry's essay with some misgivings. He has been charged with defective sympathies, with putting too much of the New England conscience into his judgment of Poe, for example, and of other writers in whose temperament the puritan spirit has no part. We are not sure that this charge is jus- tified, but the plaintiffs at least have a case. Remembering the utter failure of Lowell to do anything like justice to the poet of “ Atalanta," we feared lest his latest successor might exhibit the same sort of spiritual blindness. On the other hand, there stood Mr. Woodberry's record as a lover of Shelley, and to share the inspiration of Shelley is to have the franchise of the poetic kingdom of heaven. We recalled, moreover, cer- tain of Mr. Woodberry's earlier poems which distinctly showed the mark of the Swinburnian influence. Considered thus in its a priori aspect, the question of what the critic would have to say about the greatest of living poets seemed a little doubtful, but whatever misgivings we may have felt were soon dispelled. The words set at the head of this article were alone sufficient for that purpose, and they were found to be supple- mented by many others which left no doubt concerning the writer's sympathies. Such words, for example, are these: “Strength is dominant in his genius : the things of strength are in his verse; it is English genius and English strength, 11 13 COMMUNICATION The Principles of Book Advertising. George French. CHARLES LAMB'S LATEST BIOGRAPHER. Percy F. Bicknell. EUROPEAN DIPLOMACY IN ITS BEGINNINGS. David Y. Thomas THE DOYEN OF ENGLISH NATURALISTS. T. D. A. Cockerell STUDIES IN FRENCH LITERATURE. Arthur G. Canfield RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne Wharton's The House of Mirth. – Davis's The Northerner. —Sanborn's Lynnette and the Con- gressman. — Ludlow's Sir Raoul. - Parrish's A Sword of the Old Frontier. --- Jackson's Losers' Lack. - Watson's Twisted Eglantine. - Weyman's Starvecrow Farm. - Wells's Kipps. — The Princess Priscilla's Fortnight.— Craigie's The Flute of Pan. - Sidgwick’s The Professor's Legacy. NOTES ON NEW NOVELS . BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS A book of good sense and sound ideals.— The blot on our national escutcheon. - The son of Napoleon and Marie Louise. - A pardon for our peccadillos. - The greatest of Unitarians. — A handbook of musical history. - Some ethical gains through legislation. — Pleasant papers on literary themes. - The Romany Word - Book. BRIEFER MENTION 15 18 24 NOTES 24 .. TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. 25 LIST OF NEW BOOKS 25 4 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL racial in lyric power, in free intellect, in bold ears. Sound and fury, debased sensualism, speech,—none more so and English also in its vacuity of thought — these are honestly sup- poetic scholarly tradition.” And besides these posed by many well-meaning people to be the general appraisements, there are such specific essential attributes of his work. Sound and dicta as the following: “The stream of his rev fury, and we think of the severe and tempered olutionary song is unmatched in volume, splen- style of “ Mary Stuart”; debased sensualism, dour, and force ; it has flowed life-long, and and we recall the austere idealism of “ The Pil- still wells ; it is blended of many loves of per- grims "; vacuity of thought, and we wonder- sons and histories and memories, of time and of ingly repeat the deep gnomic utterances of eternity ; it is a great passion, great in personal “ Hertha" and " The Last Oracle”! But of intensity, great in its human outreaching and course the people who use these glib phrases uplifting aspiration, great in sincerity." 6 He are either unacquainted with the poet's really achieves the most genuine appearance of belief significant work, or they are to be reckoned in the gods that has fallen to the fortune of any among the unfortunates who are impervious to English poet, perhaps of any poet in any mod the appeal of pure poetry. This latter class is ern literature.” “Such poetry (as Tristram '] a larger one than is commonly suspected, for brings back that early world in which old there are great numbers of readers everywhere Triton blew his wreathèd horn, and not in a who think and say that they love poetry, when vision only, but as the everlasting life of nature what really attracts and impresses them is some and man.' adventitious quality that has little to do with In view of the grotesque misconception of poetical character. The comfortable conserva- Mr. Swinburne's poetry that is still current tism of a Wordsworth, the domestic sentiment- with a large section of the public, the critic who ality of a Tennyson, the cryptic moralizing of a deals honestly and intelligently with him is Browning, bring to the works of these poets a under bonds, as it were, to cast his gauntlet host of admiring readers who mistake for æs- boldly in the face of ignorance and prejudice. thetic satisfaction the delight with which they This Mr. Woodberry does without hesitation. greet the echo of their own sentiments or prej- “He is a very thoughtful poet” is his simple udices. but adequate correction of the stupid notion We are not saying that these three are not that the author of “ Hertha and « The Last great poets, for that they unquestionably are ; Oracle” is a poet of sound without sense. Those but we are asserting with much confidence that who condemn the poet for exaggeration, whether they would be no less great as poets were their in praise of Hugo or censure of Louis Napoleon, writings divested of nearly everything that will do well to weigh the counter-opinion that his makes an appeal to nine-tenths of their admir- study of Hugo belongs to “a treasure of intui ers. They would lose their popularity, no doubt, tive criticism such as no other English poet has and become merely poets for poets, and for the left," and the characterization of the Dira" small minority of those others who, without pos- as “ curses to rejoice the heart,” which“ mark sessing for themselves the creative faculty, are their victims indelibly for hell.” Mr. Wood still of the elect whose spirits are finely touched berry says with entire truth that criticism of to fine issues, and whose cumulative verdict this poet hitherto “ has never been adequate, determines the final rank of every poet in the just, or intelligent.” “ The truth about him is hierarchy. Landor is one of the greatest En- the exact opposite of what has been widely and glish poets despite his failure to win popular popularly thought; weakness, affectation, exotic applause ; Mr. Swinburne is one of the great foreignness, the traits of æstheticism in the English poets despite all the efforts of the debased sense of that word, are far from him ; “ horny-eyed” to prove that he is not by their he is strong, he is English, bred with an Euro- damnable iteration of catchpenny phrases. Mr. pean mind it is true like Shelley, like Gray and Woodberry, himself a poet of distinction, sees Milton, but in his own genius and temperament this fact clearly enough, and gives abundant and the paths of his flight charged with the reasons for the faith that is in him. It is a fact, strength of England.” moreover, that has already been seen by nearly Such statements as these clear the air won all the competent critics of the present genera- derfully. They are inspired criticism ; and Mr. tion, which is equivalent to saying that the only Swinburne has been the victim of so much crit- contemporary judgment which will count in the icism (if it deserve the name) of the dull and ultimate reckoning has already ranged itself uninspired sort that its drone still lingers in our upon the side of those who have, through good 1906.] 5 THE DIAL > and ill report, acclaimed Mr. Swinburne's French universities, it is already evident that enough genius, and found his work to exhibit, in very has been uncovered relative to the workings of the human mind to form a basis for at least an intelligent high degree, the qualities of artistic expression, discussion of what those principles are, and to indicate of intellectual stimulus, and of ethical inspira- with some degree of certainty the chief lines upon tion. To quote Mr. Woodberry's simple clos which a fundamental credo of advertising must be con- ing words, there are, in the wide world, here structed. and there a few – a number that will increase It is in the nature of a fascinating recreation to ex- ever with passing generations, and is even now amine the work of the professors of psychology, for the purpose of discovering therein those habits and tenden- perhaps manyfold greater than the poet knows cies of the mind that may be appealed to by adver- - in whose hearts his poetry is lodged with tising, and which may be relied upon to come into some power. degree of activity when the sympathetic suggestion arouses them. As it would be too long a process care- fully to indicate what has been established bearing upon this advertising problem, in this brief note, may I be COMMUNICATION. allowed to affirm that the work of the psychologists, as revealed in the printed reports of several universities and in their writings, suggests to me that all advertising THE PRINCIPLES OF BOOK ADVERTISING. depends for its power upon three broad qualities, which (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) may be defined as attraction, suggestion, and assertion. The question of the advertising of books has recently The quality of attraction must arrest the eye of a reader become one of interest, through discussion in the liter who may not be conscious of any desire to read the ary journals, and the opinions and experiences made advertisement; the quality of suggestion must come public have been of considerable value. THE DIAL has into play the instant the eye is arrested, and carry the expressed itself soundly on the subject, especially in reader's attention along the line of sequence to the the issue of December 1. assertion, which is the final vital element of the adver- It occurs to me that the consideration of the general tisement - the argument and appeal which furnishes to question of the proper methods to be followed in the the reader the purchasing motive. The effective adver- advertising of books has not been placed upon a foun tisement must attract the eye, suggest something by its dation as broad as it may profitably be placed. THE most obvious printed expression, and assert the full force DIAL asks this question: “Do the principles that apply of its argument by that to which its attractive and sug- to the advertising of shoes apply also to the advertising gestive elements induce attention. of books?" If the question had been, Are the methods This progressive influence of the advertisement has that are found effective in the advertising of shoes been pretty well established by the experiments and in- adequate for the advertising of books? there would be vestigations of the psychologists. It is easy to conceive no ground for an argument dissenting from the proposi that there are many members going to the composition tions laid down in THE DIAL article; or, at least, the of each of these elements. That of attraction, for ex- intelligent reader would have recognized the logical ample, involves some most interesting new facts that force of the conclusions drawn from such a premise. have been recently discovered in optics; or, more ex- But the principles that underlie advertising apply with actly, in relation to the action and capacity of the eye equal force to all advertising, whether of shoes or of in the act of reading. Certain forms of type are more books. It is because the discussion of advertising does willingly noted by the eye than other forms. A cer- not, in this case and usually, consider principles that tain number of printed letters is taken cognizance of at confusion often results. The student of advertising one “ fixation" of the eye one glance, or without a recognizes the fact that it is the confusion of principles movement to bring other groups into focus. Lines with methods that leads to nearly all the differences of within certain definite limits of length are easily read, opinion existing with respect to advertising, is at the while those that are longer subject the eye to a strain bottom of much of the futile discussion, and is respon that it resents. The form of the advertisement, con- sible for the differing views expressed by those who sidered as an object intended to please and attract, have recently written upon the subject. The failure to must be in accord with the artistic principles of compo- discriminate between principles and methods accounts sition - balance, proportion, harmony, color, etc. The also for a majority of the failures in advertising, and psychological elements of the two remaining qualities for a large proportion of the unprofitable margins of the advertisement — suggestion and assertion recognized as the result of even what are known to be more complex and varied, and would require much space on the whole successful campaigns. to state them. They are of more final importance than While it is an old shibboleth of advertisers that there those psychological elements I have named as being are no well-defined principles underlying advertising, inherent in the advertising quality of attraction, and considered scientifically, it is beginning to be recognized therefore may make a more emphatic appeal for the that that shibboleth is merely an expression of ignor attention of the student. ance rather than a demonstrable proposition. It is I think it will appear evident to any one who gives quite true that as yet there has been no definitive and the matter thought that the principles affecting adver- authoritative formulation of the principles that under tising are universal in their application, equally oper- lie advertising, but there is steadily accumulating a ative in shoe advertising and book advertising. The mass of material which will soon make such formula methods of applying these principles differ. It is too tion possible. To those students of the question who often the fact that no attention is given to the prin- have carefully followed the work of the psychologists ciples, and none too much to the methods. The trouble in several of the American, English, German, and with much current book advertising is that it seeks to are 6 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL appeal to people who are not interested in books. The merchandising of books is a problem by itself. Once a The New Books. year at the holiday season books are sold as mer- chandise. The stress of the requirements of the season drives many people to the book-counter, where they CHARLES LAMB'S LATEST BIOGRAPHER. * buy books for presents, with little thought or concern To have at last a full portrayal by a loving for the literary contents. At other times books are sold as literature, and there is nothing to justify advertising hand of the most lovable figure in English attempts to sell them on other grounds. How to reach literature” is cause for no small congratulation. the small proportion of book-buyers existing in the Mr. Edward V. Lucas's eleven hundred octavo mass of the people, is the problem the publisher has to pages, with their many portraits and other illus- consider. It is a question of method, not of principle. I think that it must be admitted that the relative trations, give not only an elaborate life of Lamb, proportion of book-buyers has steadily increased since but an almost equally detailed account of his progressive publishers began the policy of advertising alter ego, Mary Lamb, and very full sketches in mediums having general circulations, such as the of the friends with whom he talked and walked, better class of newspapers. It is certain that there are drank a convivial glass, and cracked a harmless potential book-buyers, many of them, among newspaper readers. It is not my belief that the publishers who joke. have done good general advertising have suffered there- That the biography is constructed after the for. In looking the field over, without special prepara most modern methods, as compared with Tal- tion, it seems apparent that nearly all of the large fourd's, Barry Cornwall's, and all previous publishing houses — those supposed to be financially lives of Lamb, its very length and general strong, and successful with their books are liberal users of advertising space in the better newspapers. appearance sufficiently indicate. The care and The reason for the inefficiency of book advertising, skill with which references to persons and places if it is more inefficient than other advertising, does not have been hunted down, and all available sources seem to me to lie in the choice of mediums so much as of information explored, become increasingly in the methods employed in preparing the advertising. The great bulk of book advertising appeals only to manifest as one turns the pages and notes the such resolute buyers as are determined to seek out frequency and fulness of quoted matter. In a books to minister to their developed and acknowledged final and authoritative life, to accompany the literary appetites. It is not calculated either to create same author's scholarly edition of Lamb's works, a literary taste or to arouse a dormant literary appetite. this is as it should be, although the man of little And, after all, the object of book advertising is to pro- mote the sale of books, not merely to notify book lovers leisure might prefer a shorter, more fluently where they can obtain satisfaction. GEORGE FRENCH. narrative treatment of the theme, with fewer Boston, Mass., December 20, 1905. insertions of autobiographic matter from the easily accessible Letters and Essays. In other words, as Mr. Lucas has shown himself to be MESSRS. A. C. McClurg & Co. announce that they have just completed arrangements with The University the ideal editor and annotator in his recently- Press of Cambridge, Mass., for the publication, in con- published seven-volume edition of Lamb's works, junction with Mr. John Murray of London, of a work so here he demonstrates his unequalled qualifica- of more than ordinary interest. This is Molmenti's tions as a compiler of all discoverable material “ Venice: Its Individual Growth from the Earliest Beginnings to the Fall of the Republic,” now appear- bearing on the life-history of his chosen author. ing in Italy under the imprint of the Instituto Italiano The method adopted was the best for the pur- d'Arti Grafichi. The author, Signor Pompeo Molmen pose in view; and as the chief charm of all ti, a senator at Rome, is a gentlemen of high social previous accounts of the inimitable Elia has standing, and the leading historical writer in Italy at been due to the more or less of self-portrayal the present time. The translator is to be Mr. Horatio F. Brown, himself an authority on Venice, whose books introduced into their pages, so here again the on that city, and the distinguished position he has held chapters that most delight are those wherein there for nearly twenty years as “ British Archivist," Lamb himself has been allowed, with least of have won for him the reputation of knowing more editorial assistance, to tell his own story. To about Venice than any other living Englishman. The Mary Lamb also, to Crabb Robinson, Leigh work will be issued in three sections of two volumes each, the first entitled “Venice in the Middle Ages," Hunt, the Cowden Clarkes, Hazlitt, Coleridge, the second “Venice in the Golden Age," and the De Quincey, N. P. Willis, John Wilson, and third “ The Decadence of Venice." Each volume countless other contemporaries of Lamb, we are will contain forty full-page plates and a frontispiece made debtors for a touch here and a stroke in full color printed in Italy. The volumes will be distinguished typographically by being printed in the there toward the completion of the full-length beautiful Italian type cut by Bodoni, which the Uni portrait. Letters hitherto unavailable for such versity Press has just revived. Besides the library edi uses have been drawn upon for still further tion, there will be an edition on Italian handmade paper, THE LIFE OF CHARLES LAMB. By E. V. Lucas. In two with the illustrations printed on Japanese vellum. volumes. Ilustrated. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1906.] 7 THE DIAL the por- finishing touches to this careful likeness, and the habits and feelings of the schoolboy, is a true one the final impression is one of unsurpassable com- in general, but is more particularly a delineation of him- pleteness. Not that other and shorter studies, self — the feelings were all in his own heart- trait was his own: While others were all fire and play, like those of Canon Ainger and Mr. Percy Fitz he stole along with all the self-concentration of a young gerald, will henceforth be superfluous; but the monk.' These habits and feelings were awakened and prosecution of research can hardly be carried cherished in him by peculiar circumstances: he had beyond the point now reached, nor is it likely been born and bred in the Inner Temple; and his pa- rents continued to reside there while he was at school, to be attempted. so that he passed from cloister to cloister, and this was Without too much poking about in the gene all the change his young mind ever knew.” alogical dustbins, the biographer introduces us On the subject of Lamb's romantic passion briefly and pleasantly to honest John Lamb for 6 Alice W _” Mr. Lucas offers the fol- and his little family at No. 2 Crown Office Row, lowing: and to the excellent Samuel Salt, Bencher of “ To come back to Lamb, whom we left on February the Inner Temple, to whom the elder Lamb 8, 1792, laying down his pen in the Examiner's office at the South-Sea House for the last time and returning acted as assistant and servant. All that relates home with his earnings. Whether or not he had heard to Charles Lamb's education at Christ's Hos of the opening for him at the East India House, I can- pital is of course faithfully reproduced from the not say; but he did not enter that company's employ Letters and the Essays, with additional inform until April 5th, two months later. To this we come ation from various sources. To show with what shortly. At the present moment there is a more roman- tic topic for consideration, for my impression is that Lamb painstaking devotion to detail the biographer filled part at least of the interval by visiting his grand- has executed his task, let us call attention to the mother, and at the same time began to cherish affection table (an enviably long one) of holidays which for the girl whom he afterward called Alice W-, but the blue-coat boys enjoyed a century and a who is thought to have been Ann Simmons of Blenheims, quarter ago, and which Mr. Lucas sets down in the case are, (1) that on April 5, 1792, he passed into chronological order to give the reader a realiz- harness from which he never escaped, except for annual ing sense of the frequency with which our little holidays - at first, probably, very brief ones or single pupil from the Temple must have trotted back days when he could not have reached Widford; and (2) and forth 'twixt parent and pedagogue. Sun- that Mrs. Field died in August, 1792, thus closing Blakesware to her grandchildren. We have no knowl- dry bits of information, even as to the hebdom- edge of any other friends with whom Lamb could have adal bill of fare and the hours of bedgoing and stayed after her death, while it is hardly likely that so uprising, are gleaned from Coleridge and Leigh young a clerk could have afforded to stay at Mr. Clem- Hunt, themselves likewise wearers of the blue itson's inn at Widford, except very occasionally." coat. Another noteworthy Christ's-Hospitaller A phase of Lamb's inner self that is seldom was Charles Valentine Le Grice, a wit and dwelt upon has to do with his religious or more punster dear to Lamb's heart, who at Tal-properly his theological beliefs, so far as he had fourd's request wrote out some reminiscences of any fixed belief. In later life, as his biographer his famous schoolfellow. A passage from his remarks, his religion ceased to be articulate and pen is worth requoting here as recalling some became merged in conduct; “ but in his twenty- of the peculiar circumstances that helped to de first year his interest in Priestley and his Uni- termine Charles Lamb's character. tarian and fatalistic creed was intense,” writes “ Lamb was an amiable, gentle boy, very sensible Mr. Lucas; and still further : “ To the end, I and keenly observing, indulged by his schoolfellows and think, although this point is a little vague, Lamb by his master on account of his infirmity of speech. His remained nominally a Unitarian, a profession of countenance was mild; his complexion clear brown, with faith to which probably he was first led by his an expression which might lead you to think that he Aunt Hetty (a constant attendant at the Essex was of Jewish descent. His eyes were not each of the same colour, one was hazel, the other had specks of Street chapel), and in which he was fortified by grey in the iris, mingled as we see red spots in the Coleridge. In one of Lamb's earlier letters to blood-stone. His step was plantigrade, which made his Coleridge he writes : “I have seen Priestley. I walk slow and peculiar, adding to the staid appearance love to see his name repeated in your writings. of his figure. I never heard his name mentioned with- out the addition of Charles, although, as there was no I love and honour him almost profanely." other boy of the name of Lamb, the addition was un- The tragical event of Lamb's young manhood necessary; but there was an implied kindness in it, and receives of course full treatment. But in spite it was a proof that his gentle manners excited that of calamity and grief one must push on and ful- kindness. His delicate frame and his difficulty of ut- fill one's destiny; and Lamb's destiny, as we terance, which was increased by agitation, unfitted him for joining in any boisterous sport. The description which are assured, was to write. In the November fol- he gives, in his · Recollections of Christ's Hospital,' of lowing that awful 21st September, 1796, his .. 8 THE DIAL [Jan. 1, never clapt down the name of Elia to it, which passed off “I interest in writing had revived, and he sent to their growth - if, indeed, they do grow, and are not Coleridge the fragments of verse that he wished rather put together upon principles of clockwork. You ver catch his mind in an undress. He never hints or to have printed with his friend's poems and dedi- suggests anything, but unlades his stock of ideas in per- cated to his sister. Thenceforward he turned fect order and completeness. . . . His understanding is more and more to authorship for solace. As to always at its meridian - you never see the first dawn, the adoption of the famous and often mispro- the early, streaks. - He has no falterings of self- nounced pseudonym, a letter from Lamb to John suspicion.” Taylor the publisher, written in July, 1821, con- From some recollections of Lamb by Mr. tains the following pertinent passage: J. Fuller-Robinson, published forty years ago “ Having a brother now there [at the South-Sea in The Guardian,” we quote the following as House], and doubting how he might relish certain de- given in Mr. Lucas's pages : scriptions in it [the essay on the South-Sea House], I was admitted into a small and pleasantly shaded parlour. The modest room was hung round with fine pretty well, for Elia himself added the function of an engravings by Hogarth, in dark frames. Books and author to that of a scrivener, like myself. . . . I went magazines were scattered on the table, and on the old- the other day (not having seen him for a year) to laugh fashioned window-seat. I chatted awhile with Miss over with him at my usurpation of his name, and found Lamb — a meek, intelligent, very pleasant, and rather him, alas! no more than a name, for he died of con deaf, elderly lady. ... · Elia' came in soon after — a sumption eleven months ago, and I knew not of it. So short, thin man. His dress was black -- a capacious the name has fairly devolved to me, I think; and 't is coat, knee-breeches, and gaiters, and he wore a white all he has left me. neck-handkerchief. His head was remarkably fine, and In the adoption of a pseudonym Mr. Lucas his dark and shaggy hair and eyebrows, heated face, and finds a possible explanation of “ the difference very piercing jet-black eyes gave to his appearance a singularly wild and striking expression. The sketch of between the comparative thinness of Lamb's him in Fraser's Magazine gives a true idea of his figure, pre-Elian writings and the Elian richness and but no portrait, I am sure, could do justice to his colour.” For, he adds, “ there are some writers splendid countenance. He grasped me cordially by the (paradoxical though it seems) who can never hand, sat down, and taking a bottle from a cupboard express themselves so freely as when, adopting occasion, his sister objected to this operation, and he behind him, mixed some rum-and-water. On another a dramatic standpoint, they affect to be some refrained. Presently after, he said, May I have a little one else.” And a similarity in this respect is drop now, only a leetle drop ?'. No, be a good boy.' traced between Goldsmith and Lamb. In both At last he prevailed, and took his draught." writers the innocent imposture served to fortify And so on, with much more that is well worth a feeble courage and overcome a natural diffi- picturing out before one's mind's eye. dence. Before dropping this subject, it is inter Like so many of his countrymen, Lamb won esting to note a remark once made by Lamb popularity in America before he had become himself, that "Elia” forms an anagram of “a lie.” popular in England. His “ Essays of Elia” had Among matters of not the first importance, little vogue among English readers until long the whole story of Coleridge's quarrel with after the writer's death, whereas in America, as Lloyd, in which Lamb was somewhat involved, Mr. Lucas says, they so pleased the public on and which has already been related in Mr. their first appearance here in 1828 that the pub- Lucas's “Charles Lamb and the Lloyds,” is lishers, Carey, Lea and Carey, of Philadelphia, rather tiresomely repeated here. Yet it need hastened to issue a second series of their own not be regarded as a total waste of printer's ink, compiling, wherein they generously included, so sweetly unquarrelsome by natural tempera- along with selections from Lamb, three essays ment does Lamb appear through it all. Even from the pens of Allan Cunningham and Barry Scotchmen, with whom he professes to entertain Cornwall. N. P. Willis, in talking with Lamb “ imperfect sympathies,” he cannot roundly vitu- in 1834, found that this American success had perate when he tries. Contrast Carlyle's un- gratified the English essayist not a little, and fortunate characterization of Lamb, harshly that he was well pleased with the Second Series, abusive and opulent in epithet, with these gentle despite the error in its compilation. strictures from Elia's pen on Carlyle's country- The modest and judicious suppression of self men: which Mr. Lucas has exercised in the accom- “ I have been trying all my life to like Scotchmen, plishment of his task is deserving of praise. and am obliged to desist from the experiment in despair. The fitting word is supplied at need, but he They cannot like me — and, in truth, I never knew one has wisely refrained from emulating those long- of that nation who attempted to do it. . . . The brain of a true Caledonian (if I am not mistaken) is consti- winded orators who make their introduction of tuted upon quite a different plan. His Minerva is born a visiting celebrity the occasion for self-display. in panoply. You are never admitted to see his ideas in The four “ Appendices,” on the “Portraits 1906.] 9 THE DIAL ear. of Lamb," “ Lamb's Commonplace Books,” first arose out of the vast field of research pre- “ Lamb's Books," and John Lamb's Poet sented by the archives now at the command of ical Pieces,'” are full of interest; but of equal the investigator. The second was to determine value with any of these, and more valuable than the proper point of departure. Dr. Hill cannot the last, would have been a Lamb bibliography, accept the Peace of Westphalia as the starting especially since neither the preface nor the body point of diplomacy, but rather it must be re- of the book makes perfectly clear exactly what garded as the result of long preparation. and how much new material has been drawn Accepting this view, Dr. Hill begins his story upon in the present work. with a description of the organization of Europe A few slight errors of execution, amid so much under the old Roman Empire. The system of excellence of design, may be noted for correc government is described at some length because tion in a second edition. The late Mrs. Coe, “ The late Mrs. Coe, it furnished the model for the organization of born Elizabeth Hunt of Widford,” and “ Mrs. the church, which was the next power to aim at Augustus DeMorgan, born Sophia Frend,” universality. Even amid all the confusion of attract attention as examples of extraordinary the Barbarian invasions this idea of universal parental prevision. Uncertainty as to sex, if no empire never lost its hold upon the imagination other reason, commonly acts as a hindrance to of thinking men. The significance of the so- the pre-natal christening of offspring. “ Few called fall of the empire (476 A. D.) lies in this, journalists but he "grates on the grammatical " that it serves to fix in the mind the substitution The first page of Appendix II. tells us of local and racial authority in western Europe that “the best of all Lamb's commonplace books in place of the waning influence of universal has been printed — the Specimens of English imperial rule.” It separates the period of the Dramatic Poets"; but the very next page de- old Empire from that long period of change and clares on the other hand that “ the best of Lamb's effort to secure order through the organization commonplace books is the large-paper copy of of the Barbarian kingdoms, the revived Empire, Holcroft's Travels.” A curious instance of mis- feudalism, the influence of the church, which copying or misprinting, whereby the exact oppo- finally resulted in the great national states of site of the intended sense is conveyed, occurs modern times. in a passage from a letter to Wordsworth de One of the most interesting studies in Euro- scriptive of the guileless and lovable George pean history is the birth of the modern states Dyer. “But with envy, they (the gods] excited and their realization of nationality through a curiosity also,” is what we read. The original slow and painful process. The idea of universal letter, as edited by W. Carew Hazlitt, has empire had so dominated the world that the new “excided” instead of “excited.” Other slips idea had a desperate fight for existence. The are met with, probably mere typographical old idea did not perish in a day, with the fall errors for the most part. The index to this of Rome ; for some time longer the West felt work is unusually exhaustive, filling fifty-eight itself a part of the Empire which centered about closely-printed double-column pages, and the Byzantium. Byzantium. To be outside the Empire was to illustrations are of more than passing interest. be outside the pale of civilization. With such PERCY F. BICKNELL. unity there could be no real field for diplomacy. But gradually the feeling of real unity became less strong The East looked down upon the West as barbarian, and religious differences be- EUROPEAN DIPLOMACY IN ITS came more and more accentuated. The head- BEGINNINGS.* ship of Rome in religion was now asserted, and The raison d'être of Dr. Hill's “History the Pope claimed the supremacy for himself of Diplomacy,” as given by the author in his over all the orthodox West, and at times even preface, is that, although special questions and asserted it over the Arian heretics of the East. particular periods of diplomatic history have But even this claim was not put forth in its been ably presented, no general history of Eu- entirety all at once. It arose somewhat gradu- ropean diplomacy exists in any language. At ally from the actual condition of things. For a the outset the author was confronted with two time the Pope remained at least the nominal practical problems of no small moment. The subject of the eastern Empire, but soon became A HISTORY OF DIPLOMACY IN THE INTERNATIONAL DEVEL- the only effective authority in Italy. Finally, OPMENT OF EUROPE. By David Jayne Hill, LL.D. Volume I., when Leo III. put his ban upon image worship The Struggle for Universal Empire. New York : Longmans, Green, & Co. in Rome, opposition broke out into open rebel- 10 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL own lion. Papal diplomacy now had its birth in the and began to court the favor of the Pope for policy of Gregory II., who wished neither to the imperial dignity. destroy the Lombard power, when Liutprand It is not to be presumed that Rome was an was seeking to unite Italy in one kingdom, nor indifferent spectator to these struggles. Even to annihilate the influence of the Emperor, but her own citizens were divided, some contending rather to increase his own prestige by playing for the civic freedom of the city, others for the off the one against the other. As the interest supremacy of the Pope, and still others for the and power of the eastern Emperor decreased in supremacy of the Emperor. As a result, Italy the west a substitute had to be provided to check was the scene of disorder after the coronation of the Lombards, and this Gregory III. found in Charles the Bold. There the conflict of author- Pepin, King of the Franks. This marks the ity was sharpest. The whole story of Italian first instance of interference in Italian affairs by politics was summed up in an epigram by the a northern prince, — a practice followed there- Bishop of Cremona, — “ The Italians always after for centuries, to the detriment of both wish to have two masters, in order to hold each nations. The Pope was seeking to establish his of them in check by the other.” In attempting own temporal rule in Italy, and in so doing in to follow this principle for the conservation of augurated a policy which was a strong barrier to its power, the papacy sometimes gained, but national growth. It was not until more than often fell a victim to the general anarchy. half a century after the last of the phantom Passing over the greater part of this struggle, emperors that Germany and Italy realized na it is interesting to come to the appearance of tional unity. Venice on the scene as practically marking the The usurpation of the imperial chair by a birth of modern diplomacy. There, in May, woman, Irene, gave a fitting opportunity to 1177, met " the first European congress in which revive the empire in the west. Disorder had independent civic communities had ever freely become chronic in Italy. In the hope of secur represented their own rights in the presence of ing a power capable of curing this, the Pope princes — the prototype of the great interna- crowned Charlemagne on Christmas day, 800, tional congresses of a later time." Venice was and invested him with the diadem of the Cæsars, careful to select men of eminent qualification to only it was now the “ Holy Roman Empire.” Holy Roman Empire.” represent her interests, to instruct them in the But herein were sown the seeds of a long and arts of diplomacy, and consequently soon be- bitter contest, - the struggle for supremacy be came “ the school and touchstone of ambassa- tween the Empire and the Papacy. Should the dors.” Secrecy and urbanity were the cardinal Popes be allowed to make and unmake tem- principles of Venetian diplomacy, and this sys- poral rulers, or should they be subject to the civil tem was soon to be put in practice by all the power ? Along with this went the great ques- Italian states, the numerous city-states so het- tion as to whether the world empire should live erogeneous in character and inspired by motives again, or whether great states should develop so diverse. Each city within itself was the seat along national lines. of intrigue, owing to the mutually hostile ele One thing which boded well for the growth ments of tradesmen, artisans, the official aris- of nationalities was the custom of dividing king- tocracy, and the feudal nobles whose swords doms by inheritance, like so much real estate. threatened the population in the streets. The After the death of Charlemagne his great em espionage and intrigue of partisans within the pire was divided up. After a contest among city were extended to the relations with neigh- his heirs, diplomacy was called into play, and boring cities. 6. To know the intentions of one's an arrangement effected at Verdun which Dr. neighbor, to defeat his hostile designs, to form Hill thinks the most important international alliances with his enemies, to steal away his document ever written ” in its influence upon friends, and to prevent his union with others, European history. On the west was a territory became matters of the highest public interest. of tolerable geographic and ethnic unity which Less costly than war, diplomacy now, in large was soon to develop into the powerful state of measure, superseded it with plot and counter- France; on the east the territory of the later plot.” And when these failed, the foreigner was Germany. In between, the kingdom of the called in to increase the general complication. Emperor Lothaire stretched from Holland to Out of this system was born the conception Rome, possessing neither ethnic nor geographic of “equilibrium" as a necessity of defense. The unity. Upon the death of Lothaire his uncles transitory alliances and counter-alliances of the of the east and west divided up his inheritance Italian princes and republics give us the real 1906.] 11 THE DIAL “prototype and epitome of what all Europe was isolation, and never being tied down as many soon to become upon a grander scale.” The men are by professional or official custom and natural correlate of all this would have been a etiquette, he has always been recognized as an code of public law to regulate the intercourse of independent. Orthodoxy is not peculiar to the these states with each other, but such a thing church ; it is a tendency common to all organi- was not yet possible. The moral sense did not zations, and in a large measure necessary for demand it, but its birth was witnessed on the their continuance. At the same time, it is a sea, where the demands of commerce made it perpetual obstacle to progress, and the hetero imperative. The customs of the sea were re dox are the true prophets of the dawn. Dr. duced to writing in the “ Tables of Amalfi,” Wallace has lived to see part of his once hetero- which later gave place to the “ Consolato de dox opinions become orthodox, while others are Mare”—the first example of law international still rejected by the majority as unworthy of among the nations of Europe.' consideration. Consequently, to the ordinary Such in its larger outlines is the story Dr. € well-behaved " scientist, he seems to be a sort Hill has told in his first volume. In reality it of double personality, a mixture of genius and contains a great deal of matter which has only absurdity. a very remote connection with diplomacy. If In the case of any man of great intellectual it were really new, it might be justified as neces power, it is not to be expected that all his opin- sary to a proper understanding of the main ions will be justified by subsequent knowledge. theme, but a great deal of it is not new, and Darwin was undoubtedly in error in respect to indeed may be found in the ordinary text-books certain matters; and presumably the same will on European history. Despite the formidable have to be said of Wallace. But this should array of sources and authorities cited at the end not blind us for a moment to the immense of each chapter, the work does not impress one service performed, or should we hastily assume as making any really noteworthy contribution to that the opinion of the day is correct. I recall historical knowledge. It is valuable, however, a little matter which well illustrates Dr. Wal- for bringing into one view the larger facts of lace's power of reasoning, and at the same time the period treated, and emphasizing their influ the shortsightedness of naturalists. Some fif- ence upon the growth of national states. Much teen years ago there was in preparation a new may be expected of the succeeding volumes, edition of “ Island Life,” in which Dr. Wallace which will deal with a period when diplomacy discussed the animals of the British Islands, was coming into its own. and argued that there ought to be some species DAVID Y. THOMAS. and varieties peculiar to Britain. Lists of sup- posed peculiar forms were prepared, but zoolo- gists and botanists were alike skeptical. Some THE DOYEN OF ENGLISH NATURALISTS. * were "probably not distinct," others “would certainly be found on the continent.” The The Victorian age, whatever its shortcomings, will always be remembered for the brilliancy of general attitude was one of incredulity or even contempt. Since that time, however, particular its scientific achievements. What the twentieth groups have been studied much more carefully century may have in store for us, it is too early than ever before (following the methods intro- to predict; but it is difficult to believe that any duced by certain American naturalists), and thing will be accomplished more important for although it is true that some of the kinds for- intellectual progress than the establishment of merly listed must be stricken out, a whole series the doctrine of evolution on a scientific basis. of insular forms has been detected among the This great work is justly credited to Darwin, mammals, which were supposed to be “ perfectly but with his name must always be linked that known”! Only last year, even, a very distinct of Wallace, who independently thought out the new species of mouse was recorded. Dr. Wal- theory on which Darwin's work is based. lace has thus been justified beyond his expecta- Dr. Wallace occupies a unique position among tions, and when the same careful methods are scientific men. Born in 1823, he has not only applied to the whole of the British fauna and witnessed great changes in scientific opinion, flora, the results will no doubt be such as would but has had a large share in bringing them about. Living most of his life in comparative ist stare. make the orthodox nineteenth-century natural- I refer to this matter, because I have some Russel Wallace. In two volumes. personal knowledge of it, and because it shows MY LIFE. A Record of Events and Opinions. By Alfred Illustrated. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. 12 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL how facts which are perfectly evident when ments of childhood, attention is called to the brought to light, may remain undiscovered be- right of each individual to have his personality neath our very noses. respected, even in blame. It is remarked that Probably the most objectionable of Dr. Wal- this is far better recognized in China and Japan lace's opinions, in the eyes of orthodox science, than with us. are those relative to spirtualism. Without “With them this principle is taught from childhood, knowing anything particular about the matter, and pervades every class of society, while with us it most people will exhaust their language of abuse was only recognized by the higher classes, and by them rarely extended to inferiors or to children. The feeling upon this subject. Those scientific men who that demands this recognition is certainly strong in reject the whole body of evidence are proclaimed many children, and those who have suffered under the as sound of mind, though their methods of re failure of their elders to respect it, can well appreciate search may have been such as would be called the agony of shame endured by the more civilized ridiculous if applied to any other subject. Those Eastern peoples, whose feelings are so often outraged who become convinced that there is something European masters or conquerors. In thus recognizing by the total absence of all respect shown them by their not explained by known laws of nature" are the sanctity of this deepest of human feelings these peo- held to have “ a screw loose somewhere,” though ple manifest a truer phase of civilization than we have they may be known masters in research, such as attained to. Even savages often surpass us in this Crookes, Oliver Lodge, William James, and respect.” (Vol. 1, p. 62.) The author's travels in South America and the Wallace. It is perfectly evident, and thor- oughly recognized by all those who have given Malay Archipelago are not described at great much attention to the matter, that the laws gov- length, because he long ago published books erning spiritual existence cannot at present be about them. The best part of his South Ameri- defined. It is held that the "supernatural ” is can collection was lost through the burning of as “ natural ” as anything else, but it is con- the ship on the homeward voyage, of which a fessedly difficult to comprehend. Some day, graphic aocount is given. Only some drawings perhaps, there will arise a Darwin of spiritual of palms and fishes were saved; the latter have ism, who will put the whole subject on an intel- recently been examined by a specialist, and it ligible basis ; and then it will be seen that we turns out that many of the species have never were groping in the dark before like the pre- been obtained again to this day. A short chap- Darwinian evolutionists. ter is devoted to the memory of H. E. Wallace, It will be clear to the reader that the life of a brother of Dr. Wallace, who went out to Brazil such a man as Wallace cannot fail to be of sur- to assist him in his work, and died of yellow fever at Para. Herbert Wallace was not a nat- passing interest. Like Herbert Spencer, he has chosen to present it to us in considerable detail, uralist, but was very fond of writing verse, and and with absolute frankness. In it, we trace the several of his productions are printed. In one development of generalizations from apparently of them we find the lines : trivial beginnings, and are presented with a pic- “For here upon the Amazon The dread mosquito bites -- ture of past times, which seem now so remote as Inflames the blood with fever," etc. to be almost prehistoric. There is a good deal There is a good deal | At that time, of course, it was wholly unknown of matter in the book which does not strike one that the mosquito carried the germ of yellow as being particularly valuable or important; fever; but these lines seem curiously prophetic. but on the other hand, the variety of subjects discussed, and the wide human interests of the successful from every point of view. The mate- author, cause it to appeal to a far larger circle rials obtained were enormous, including almost than the usual biography of a man engaged in innumerable new species. innumerable new species. Some of the insects the investigation of technical matters. The have not been described yet, from the lack of not agree with the views advocated. They teach a been considered rivals, the fact that they had lesson which is sorely needed by the present independently worked out the same theory never generation, with its altogether too slavish sub- led to anything but warm friendship between servience to the powers that be. It is interest them. Each always tried to give the fullest ing to find that with all this, there went a shy- credit to the other, and Wallace called his book ness and timidity in the presence of others, on the theory of evolution “ Darwinism.” Stress which was never quite overcome. In discuss- has sometimes been laid on the fact that Wallace ing certain humiliating and ill-suited punish- disagreed with Darwin about several matters; 1906.] 13 THE DIAL . these are discussed fully in the Life, but it is they are now rescued from their hiding places in shown that they were insignificant in compari- magazines and reviews and given a more access- son with the great and fundamental agreement. ible abiding place in a book, as befits their em- Darwin's last letter to Dr. Wallace is given, inently companionable nature. In subject they and the latter adds this interesting comment: range all the way from the Portuguese Let- “ This letter is to me, perhaps, the most interesting ters,"—those passionate outpourings of devotion I ever received from Darwin, since it shows that it was and indignant reproach with which, from her only the engrossing interests of his scientific and liter- convent at Beja, the abandoned “ Mariana in the ary work, performed under the drawback of almost constant ill-health, that prevented him from taking a South ” pursued the receding footsteps of the more active part in the discussion of those social and conquering and inconstant Marquis de Chamilly, political questions that so deeply affect the lives and and which came from the press almost at the same happiness of the great bulk of the people. It is a great moment with the Tartuffe of Molière, — to the satisfaction that his last letter to me, written within months of his death, and terminating a correspond poetic novelties of the year 1904; and in scope ence which had extended over a quarter of a century, from the full length silhouette, like the studies of should be so cordial, so sympathetic, and broad-minded.” Alfred de Vigny, Mademoiselle Aissé, Alphonse (Vol. 2, p. 15.) Daudet, Barbey d'Aurevilly, and Ferdinand In 1886–7 Dr. Wallace visited America, Fabre, to the few swift strokes with which a travelling from the Atlantic to the Pacific. He feature or an expression is caught and fixed, as in gives a full account of his experiences, with many the pages devoted to Mallarmé, Albert Samain, observations on matters biological and sociologi- M. Emile Verhaeren, and M. Paul Fort, or to cal. I should like to quote his conclusions at recent books of M. Paul Bourget, M. Pierre some length, but it is impossible in a short no- Loti, M. Henri de Régnier, and M. Anatole tice. While enthusiastically admiring the gran- France. Not the least welcome is the sketch that deur and beauty of the Rocky Mountains, the informs us about the modest (in every sense) Californian Sierras, and other regions, and fully beginnings of one of the newest immortals, M. appreciating the good qualities of America and René Bazin ; and not the least interesting is the Americans, he deplores the spread of sordid com-study of the short stories of Zola, in which Mr. mercialism, and the way in which man has in so Gosse discovers that deep spring of idealism many places destroyed the beauty of nature. that put on strange disguises in the novels of the The same is true in England, he says: “Both Rougon-Macquart series, but asserted itself so countries are creating ugliness, both are de- clearly in his last works. stroying beauty ; but in America it is done on a In spite of this wide variety of theme and com- larger scale and with a more hideous monotony" plete lack of sequence and connection between (p. 193.) the papers, the resulting book does not lack a The book is well illustrated; but one cannot certain kind of unity. This results partly from help wishing that instead of some of the plates the unfailing qualities of Mr. Gosse's style ; and which have little to do with the narrative, or partly from the point of view from which the sub- little intrinsic value, we could have been favored ject is uniformly regarded, which is the “incom- with portraits of some of the great naturalists plete and indirect ” point of view of - with whom the author was associated, - such, paints a face in profile.” If the task essayed is for instance, as Bates and Spruce. thus a modest and restricted one, it is not on that T. D. A. COCKERELL. account easy. The two blocks of stumbling are clearly indicated in the preface when Mr. Gosse thus defines his purpose : “I have tried to preserve that attitude of sympathy, STUDIES IN FRENCH LITERATURE.* of general comprehension, for the lack of which some English criticism of foreign authors has been valueless, The agreeable and informing essays that because proceeding from a point of view so far out of make up Mr. Gosse's recent volume of French focus as to make its whole presentation false; and yet Profiles are not new. Most of them have I have remembered that it is a foreigner that takes the portrait, and that it is for a foreign audience, not for a appeared in print before, and some of them date native one. back nearly twenty years. But readers of Mr. “What I have sought in every case to do is to give Gosse's other books and those who had the an impression of the figure before me which shall be in pleasure of reading these essays on their first ap- general harmony with the tradition of French criticism, but at the same time to preserve that independence pearance will not be disposed to complain that which is the right of a foreign observer, and to illus- * FRENCH PROFILES, By Edmund Gosse. New York: Dodd, trate the peculiarities of my subject by references to English poetry and prose. one who Mead & Co. 14 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL It goes without saying that the programme and his relations to the main literary influences thus traced is admirably realized. Few men of of the time. It is as a historian of literature that English speech could bring to its accomplish- he insists, with rather too much emphasis, we ment so happy a gift of characterization, so suspect, on the immediate and great influence of engaging a style, so much intelligence and the “ Portuguese Letters ” on prose style, both sympathy, so large a stock of precise informa in England and in France. It is as a historian tion, so extended an outlook over the long and again that, by way of preface to his sympathetic wide expanse of modern literature. To what sketch of M. René Bazin, he comments with other, indeed, could a committee of discrimina much shrewdness on the “ curious condition of ting French critics have turned so confidently the French novel " at the particular moment in with the invitation to address the Société des question. It is preëminently as the historian of Conférences of Parison 6. The Influence of English literature that he appears in the address France upon English Poetry”? We should be on “ The Influence of France upon English very ungracious indeed were we to lament that Poetry ” which here sees the light for the first the profiles are not something different, and that time in its original English form. Within the if we have made already a first-hand acquaint-brief limits of such an address no attempt is ance with the subjects whom he introduces he made, of course, to enumerate all the debts that does not lead us much further into their intimacy, English poetry owes to France. Mr. Gosse or throw upon the intricacies and obscurities of rather tries to distinguish broadly between two their message, if such there be, a more searching different ways in which English literature has illumination. We are glad to take them grate- borrowed from its neighbor, and the more con- fully as they are, and to feel that in their kind spicuous results in each kind. they could hardly be better. Never have the fea These two kinds of borrowing are, the one tures and expressions of the familiar faces that superficial, the other material ; the one of pass in procession before us been caught more “ color,” the other of “ substance.” The sub- nicely or fixed on canvas more dexterously. And stantial borrowing is that exemplified by the even when those of whom Mr. Gosse discourses drama of the Restoration ; imitation is gross and are old acquaintances, we shall get something slavish, and individuality has been resigned. This more than an æsthetic pleasure from his compan is the sign of an unhealthy condition. “ These ionship. We can hardly listen half an hour to his are cases where an exhausted literature, in ex- well-informed talk without receiving manifold in treme decay, is kept alive by borrowing its very struction. There are even two or three positive body and essence from a foreign source.” On additions to the sum of knowledge. Thus, in the other hand the times when a literature takes the study of de Vigny, our knowledge of the on a color from a foreign source are likely to be extent and promptitude of his response to En moments of health and vigor. This second man- glish influences is enlarged at several points ; ner of influence Mr. Gosse illustrates by the ex- and in the paper on the “ Portuguese Letters ample of the Roman de la Rose and the part much exact information, drawn from conceal of the French poets in forming the talent of ment in the papers of a provincial society, is Chaucer, and again by Pope. The address is turned to account for establishing the source and suggestive, especially of questions. We find our- original sequence of these letters. selves wondering if literature is really conceived In view of all this it will not detract appre of as a living organism, imposing itself upon ciably from the interest of the general reader the series of individuals that seem to produce it, who is likely to take up such a volume at all which would be to out-Brunetière M. Brune- that almost every page betrays the professional tière's evolving literary species. Or is this bias of the man of letters and of the historian impression but one of those illusions that the of literature. The men and works observed are insufficiency of human speech is constantly viewed in their historical connections, as mo creating for us? Does Mr. Gosse mean any- ments in a changing and developing theory and thing more, after all, than that your small practice of poetic art. That is inevitable, of talent imitates crudely and slavishly, and your course, when Mr. Gosse is dealing with poets great talent originally and creatively, whether like M. Henri de Régnier, Stéphane Mallarmé, the models be imported or domestic ? or M. Paul Fort, who have been much pre Suggestive as the address is, it is not the part occupied with the technique of their art. But of the book that will be most enjoyed, even by when speaking of de Vigny also he is much in those who may have a kind of professional in- terested in the question of his artistic originality terest in literary history. It is perhaps when 1906.] 15 THE DIAL --- - - - -- Mr. Gosse is least erudite and draws upon his RECENT FICTION.* store of personal reminiscences of men he has known in the body that he is most charming. “The House of Mirth " appears to be the novel of The brief, fugitive glimpse of Verlaine is deli- the season in the sense that it is the novel that has cious, and from this a quotation must be taken. occasioned the most discussion of a serious sort. It is a work which has enlisted the matured powers of “ It was all excessively amusing (he has been dining a writer whose performance is always distinguished, with a mixed company of lyrical symbolists at a res- taurant of the Latin Quarter], but deep down in my and whose coupling of psychological insight with the consciousness, tolling like a little bell, there continued gift of expression is probably not surpassed by any to sound the words, We have not seen Verlaine.' I other woman novelist of our time. It is a story was losing all hope, and we were descending the Boule elaborated in every detail to a high degree of refine- vard, our faces set for home, when two more poets, a ment, and evidently a product of the artistic con- male and a female, most amiably hurried to meet us science. Having paid this deserved tribute to its with the intoxicating news that Verlaine had been seen finer characteristics, we are bound to add that it is to dart into a little place called the Café Soleil d'Or. deficient in interest. The reason is not far to seek. Thither we accordingly hied, buoyed up by hope, and There is no section of American society-or of society our party, now containing a dozen persons (all poets), rushed into an almost empty drinking-shop. But no anywhere, for that matter — so absolutely devoid of Verlaine was to be seen. M. Moreas then collected us appeal to the sympathies of normally-constituted round a table, and fresh grenadines were ordered. intelligences as the vain and vulgar element that “Where I sat, by the elbow of M. Moréas, I was op disports itself in our larger cities as the only society posite an open door, absolutely dark, leading down, by worth considering, this pretension being based upon oblique stairs, to a cellar. As I idly watched this square wealth alone, with its natural accompaniment of self- of blackness I suddenly saw some ghostly shape flutter- seeking display and frivolity. A novelist of arch- ing at the bottom of it. It took the form of a strange angelical powers could not make interesting so bald head, bobbing close to the ground. Although it was so dim and vague, an idea crossed my mind. Not sorry a phase of humanity as this, and because Mrs. daring to speak, I touched M. Moréas, and so drew his Wharton has described for us this type and this attention to it. •Pas un mot, pas un geste, Monsieur!' alone, we turn her pages impatiently, and look in he whispered, and then, instructed in the guile of his vain for relief from their emptiness. What she can race, insidious Danaûm, the eminent author of Les Can do with real material she has evidenced in “The tilenes, rose, making a vague detour towards the street, Valley of Decision," a book that we admire heartily and then plunged at the cellar door. There was a pro enough to permit us the severity with which we are longed scuffle and a rolling down stairs; then M. Mo- appraising the content, as distinguished from the réas reappeared, triumphant; behind him something form, of the present work. What justification may flopped up out of the darkness like an owl, a timid be offered for the book as a portrayal of any sort of shambling figure in a soft black hat, with jerking hands, human life is found in the plea of its satiric intent there were cries of " Venez donc, Maitre," and by-and— of its character as an American “Vanity Fair,". by Verlaine was persuaded to emerge definitely and to but this will not take us very far. The pungent sit by me.” wickedness of Becky Sharp gives her a reasonable All in all, Mr. Gosse's “ French Profiles" excuse for being, but we cannot find in Lily Bart is a volume to strengthen the present entente the positive qualities for either good or evil that make it worth while to follow her fortunes through cordiale between English and French by con- five hundred and more pages of print. When she tributing towards mutual understanding and THE HOUSE OF MIRTH. By Edith Wharton. New York: appreciation. One or two evidences that our Charles Scribner's Sons. historian's memory is not infallible (as the THE NORTHERNER. By Norah Davis. New York: The Cen- tury Co. apparent oversight of Otway's “ Titus and LYNETTE AND THE CONGRESSMAN. By Mary Farley San- Berenice," p. 353), or that, felicitous as his born. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co. phrase is, he can absent him from felicity on SIR RAOUL. A Tale of the Theft of an Empire. By James M. Ludlow. New York: The Fleming H, Revell Co. occasion (e. g. “a surprising narrative is well, A SWORD OF THE OLD FRONTIER. A Tale of Fort Chartres though extremely leisurely, told,” p. 105), do and Detroit. By Randall Parrish, Chicago: A.C. McClurg & Co. LOSERS' LUCK. By Charles Tenney Jackson. New York: not matter. ARTHUR G. CANFIELD. Henry Holt & Co. TWISTED EGLANTINE. By H. B. Marriott Watson. New York: D. Appleton & Co. Two important educational books now in preparation STARVECROW FARM. By Stanley J. Weyman. New York: by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. are volume of Longmans, Green, & Co. KIPPS. The Story of a Simple Soul. By H. G. Wells. New “ Selections from Newman,” edited by Dr. Maurice York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Egan, of the Catholic University of Washington; and THE PRINCESS PRISCILLA'S FORTNIGHT. By the author of an edition of Bacon's Essays, with introduction and Elizabeth and her German Garden." New York; Charles Scribner's Sons. notes by Miss Mary Augusta Scott, Professor of En- THE FLUTE OF PAN. By John Oliver Hobbes. New York: glish Language and Literature, Smith College. Dr. D. Appleton & Co. Egan has recently been decorated by King Leopold of THE PROFESSOR'S LEGACY. By Mrs. Alfred Sidgwick. New Belgium "for distinguished literary merit.” York: Henry Holt & Co. 16 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL has come to the end of her tether, the moral of her Just a love story and a particularly nice one story is embodied in an impressive paragraph. is what we have in “Lynette and the Congressman," “It was no longer, however, from the vision of material by Miss Mary Farley Sanborn. Lynette is a young poverty that she turned with the greatest shrinking. She woman who lives with her mother in a Washington had a sense of deeper impoverishment -- of an inner desti- boarding-house, and is employed in one of the gov- tution compared to which outer conditions dwindled into insignificance. It was indeed miserable to be poor to look ernment departments. She is a Virginian, and not forward to a shabby, anxious middle-age, leading by dreary the least of her charms is her soft and appealing degrees of economy and self-denial to gradual absorption in southern speech, which is so reproduced in the text the dingy communal existence of the boarding-house. But as to make its delicious accent sound in our ears. there was something more miserable still — it was the clutch of solitude at her heart, the sense of being swept like a stray The congressman is from Michigan, and is a wid- uprooted growth down the heedless current of the years. ower with two half-grown boys. He is besieged in That was the feeling which possessed her now — the feeling the citadel of his affections by a pettish and opulent of being something rootless and ephemeral, mere spin-drift of beauty who has distinctly vixenish characteristics, the whirling surface of existence, without anything to which the poor little tentacles of self could cling before the awful and his acts sometimes verge upon indiscretion. But flood submerged them. And as she looked back she saw his love for Lynette is the real thing, and saves him that there had never been a time when she had had any real from the assaults of her designing rival. We do not relation to life. Her parents too had been rootless, blown hither and thither on every wind of fashion, without any quite like Lynette's daring experiment, which leads personal existence to shelter them from its shifting gusts. her, under an assumed name, to enter her rival's She herself had grown up without any one spot of earth service as a maid, in order that she may find out being dearer to her than another: there was no centre of whether the former is really deserving of the con- early pieties, of grave endearing traditions, to which her heart could revert and from which it could draw strength gressman's regard. The situation is, however, deftly for itself and tenderness for others." managed, and not as unpleasant as it would seem from This is so fine and true that it reconciles us in part this description. to the complex of empty talk and petty intrigue and The Rev.James M. Ludlow,who achieved a brilliant ignoble aim through which, as through a desert success with “ The Captain of the Janizaries" about waste, we have toiled to reach it. But the question twenty years ago, and who has since been moderately remains persistent whether it was worth while to successful with certain historical romances upon bib- describe at such length and with such infinite pains lical themes, is to be congratulated upon his return the career of any woman of whom it must be said to a subject similar in type to that of his first and best in the end that she had never had any real relation book. His new romance, “Sir Raoul,” is a story of to life. We are much inclined to doubt that it was the Fourth Crusade, and of its diversion, through worth while for a writer of Mrs. Wharton's ex Venetian intrigue, from its primary object to the raid ceptional gifts. upon Constantinople, which resulted in the brief res- “The Northerner," by Miss Norah Davis, is a toration of the Emperor Alexius, the temporary union novel of the new South struggling with the old, of of the Greek and Roman churches, and the estab- the modern infusion of enterprise into the shiftless- lishment of the Latin Empire of the East under ness of the past, of the conflict between rational ideas Baldwin. Here is material enough and to spare ; and crusted prejudice. The protagonist of this con- the richness of the material, in fact, is responsible for flict is a northern capitalist settled in Alabama as the the chief fault of the book, which huddles one event owner and manager of the street railway and light- upon another to confusing effect. Mr. Ludlow's hero ing plant of a small town. His ways are not the is a youthful knight of the Black Forest, who suffers ways of the natives, and he incurs their hatred. This disgrace early in his career, and is given out for dead, leads to such unpleasant consequences as social os- but who in reality remains very much alive, and par- tracism, underhanded conspiracy to ruin his business, ticipates, under an assumed name, in the exciting and the actual wrecking of his establishment. The happenings with which the romance is concerned. situation becomes so strained that only the precau- The interest is sustained at a high pitch throughout, tions of his two or three friends save him from a and the author's knowledge of his subject seems to summary disposal at the hands of the mob. The embrace both the broad historical issues of the period negro problem, and the irrational temper of the pop- and a diversity of curious matters of detail respect- ulace in any question that concerns a negro, figure ing such things as chivalry, topography, and the largely in the story, and prepare the way for a lynch- secret ways of Venice and Constantinople. A neat ing scene that is described with ghastly picturesque- and pointed style provides the story with an added The author seems to have gained a singularly element of attractiveness. subtle insight into the southern way of regarding the Mr. Randall Parrish has given us a spirited ro- color question, but leaves it hardly less a mystery mance of Fort Chartres and Detroit in the days of than before to the analytic intelligence. The book the conspiracy of Pontiac, when Frenchmen were has a softer side, also, and embodies a charming love still clinging to a forlorn hope in their Mississippi story, in which the hero comes out as successfully as valley outposts, and dreaming that a change in the his failure is complete in other respects. It is an un political kaleidoscope might yet restore to them the usually strong book, with an unusually strong man dominion that had been lost forever when Wolfe had for its central character. scaled the rock of Quebec four years earlier. “A ness. 1906.] 17 THE DIAL as Sword of the Old Frontier” is the title of this work, necessary to say also, for those who are to any which describes a perilous journey from the Ohio degree acquainted with his work, that the book has River through the wilderness to Detroit, the hero a distinction of style which sets it far above the being entrusted with the care of a young woman, level of most books of its class. who spurns him at first, as all haughty and well Another novel of about the same period is Mr. conducted heroines are expected to do, and graciously Weyman's “Starvecrow Farm,” which stands in yields in the end, which we are all the time comfort- sharp contrast to the sort of historical romance ably assured is inevitable. The story is strictly con which we associate with his name. Here the her- ventional in type, but the type is one that has justi- oine elopes with the villain in the first chapter, but fied its right to exist, which is the chief matter. the villain is a very low scoundrel indeed, and his “ Losers' Luck," by Mr. Charles Tenney Jackson, victim is soon undeceived. Soon abandoned by him, is a story of the questionable enterprises of a yachts she has a variety of distressing experiences, which man, a princess, and certain filibusters in Central include a sojourn in jail, and a hairbreadth escape America.” The yachtsman, a reckless American from a gang of cutthroats. Captain Clyne, who loves millionaire, with a trio of his friends, is kidnapped in her after a fashion, and who saves her from the the harbor of San Francisco by the princess and the consequences of her imprudence, is by no means a filibusters. The yacht and its legitimate proprietors hero of the romantic type, but is so vast an improve- are hurried to the coast of Central America, the un ment upon the fellow who had so nearly been the willing captives warming up to the enterprise as their cause of her undoing, that she accepts him grate- indignation cools. This fact is to be accounted for fully in the end, after the usual measure of misun- by the winsome charm of the princess and the dare- derstanding. This is by no means the best of Mr. devil characteristics of the yachtsman. They are Weyman's novels, but it has a considerable interest soon plunged into the thick of a revolutionary upris- nevertheless. ing, and some very pretty scrimmages ensue. The revolution is a failure, and the heroine for whose society, its absolute aloofness from everything that The appalling vulgarity of English lower-class beaux yeux the yachtsman has committed himself to gives a spiritual meaning to life, its utter imper- the dangerous enterprise, has the bad taste to prefer viousness to ideas of any kind, are the impressions a Spanish to an American lover, which leaves the that chiefly remain after reading “Kipps." Mr. yachtsman disconsolate. Nevertheless, his last re- Wells describes the hero of this realistic narrative mark is to the effect that he would like to do it all a simple soul,” but the description is inadequate, over again. This lively book may be described as for he is represented as an esprit borné beyond our a blend of Bret Harte and Mr. Richard Harding powers of credulity, if we are to regard him as Davis, and the mixture is commendable. being in any way of a normal type. For experi “Twisted Eglantine,” by Mr. H. B. Marriott ence will knock even the meanest of normal natures Watson, is an English novel of the days of the into some sort of conformity with a new environ- Regency. A rustic beauty, who has character as ment, but Kipps, born in poverty, and unexpectedly well as charm, is the heroine, and her favor is raised to affluence, shows no adaptability whatever, assiduously sought by two persons - one an impet- one an impet- and proves incapable of sloughing off even the uous young soldier, her associate from childhood, externals of the habit that has been fashioned for the other an accomplished rake and dandy of the him by his instincts and his surroundings. Per- court. For a time the latter seems to prevail, and sistence of essential character under changed con- when he succeeds in enticing the girl to London, ditions is undoubtedly one of the deepest lessons of and dazzling her with the spectacle of fashionable psychology, but average human nature is capable society, the hopes of her soldier lover are at low of a good deal of transformation to superficial seem- ebb. But when the villainous intentions of Sir Piers ing. Kipps, the draper's assistant, however, when are disclosed, and when at the call of the harassed he becomes Kipps the opulent, courted by society, damsel, Faversham deserts from the army in Flan remains a shop-boy no less in manner than in soul, ders and hastens to her rescue, the situation is and this despite his most resolute determination to changed, and the conventional romantic ending is acquire the ways of the class into which he has been assured. Despite his selfishness and his cynicism, suddenly elevated. This serves the author's pur- Sir Piers is presented to us as so attractive a figure pose of humorous exaggeration, but it is not good that we are almost sorry for his discomfiture. He science, and science is supposed to be Mr. Wells's puts his rival so neatly in the wrong whenever the trump suit. Nevertheless, the story of Kipps and two men come into conflict, that we cannot blame his social mishaps is fascinating because of its merci- Barbara from being tempted by his blandishments. less analysis of the irredeemably vulgar type of Whatever the author may think of him in the char- mind, because of its truthfulness of sordid detail, acter of the moralist, there is no doubt that he fav and because of its satirical side-lights upon the fads ors him in the character of the artist. And we are and follies of the age. We cannot easily forget, for not abusing the word artist in this connection, for example, such a characterization as that of one of Mr. Marriott Watson has never given us a finer the minor figures, the young man who had been character-study than this of Sir Piers. It is hardly reading Nietzsche, and thought that in all proba- 18 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL DIAL bility he was the Non-Moral Overman referred to J “John Oliver Hobbes,” is also about a princess, and is by that writer.” We are quite prepared, after this, quite as fantastic a tale, in its way, as the one pre- to expect the eventual crash in the finances of viously under discussion. This princess, however, Kipps, who has rashly placed his property under the does not desert her principality, but, finding it threat- management of the young man thus neatly described. ened by armed invasion, imports a husband to com- The book offers many such bits of entertainment as mand her forces, and share with her the cares of state. this, besides displaying an almost Dickens-like gift He is an eccentric Englishman of title and wealth, for the portrayal of eccentric traits and types of who has renounced the world of vanity, and is engaged character. in the pursuit of art. She finds him in his lodgings The author of “ Elizabeth and her German Gar- at Venice, and bends him, not altogether unwillingly, den” has given us, in “The Princess Priscilla's to her purpose, he, however, making the condition Fortnight,” the most charming extravaganza imag- that when order shall be restored to the agitated realm, inable. The Princess Priscilla, it seems, is a demure she shall abdicate, and return to share his humble young thing who conforms outwardly to the life of life as an artist in Venice. The subsequent narra- the Grand Ducal court of Lothen-Kunitz, to the tive is occupied, not so much with warlike adventure manner whereof she is born, but privately enter- as with the private misunderstandings which keep tains her own views of things. Under the insidious the two at cross-purposes for a long time. Briefly influences of her tutor, the Hofbibliothekar, an stated, each suspects the other of an illicit entangle- impossible idealist of grandfatherly age, she has ment. When these dark suspicions are cleared away, learned to despise the worldly advantages of her and when the enemy is defeated, the princess car- lot, and to yearn for the simple life. The crisis is ries out her part of the bargain in good faith, but in reached when a marriage is planned for her with a the end new difficulties arise which compel her and prince whom she does not know. She informs her her consort to take up once more the burden of rule. astonished tutor that in flight must be her salvation, The whole story is told in the vein of comedy, and and that he is to be her accomplice and companion. is but a trifling performance. For the explanation This innocent soul, transformed perforce into a con- of the symbolical title, we must refer readers to the spirator, plans their secret departure, and, good luck book itself. aiding them, the strangely-assorted pair of adven A pleasing story of love, misunderstanding, and turers make their way to England, and bury them reconciliation is told by Mrs. Alfred Sidgwick in selves in a country village, where they obtain a “The Professor's Legacy." The professor is an rose-embowered cottage. They take with them eminent German authority on corals, and the legacy Annalise, reckless of the possible consequences. is his daughter, whom he leaves to the care of an This menial seems a properly subdued and inoffen- Englishman of mature years, who has collaborated sive person, but she has capabilities, and their devel- with him in the work which he does not live to com- opment leads to the undoing of her mistress. But plete. The Englishman offers marriage to the girl, this is to anticipate. Settled in the village, Pris as the simplest means of taking care of her, and she cilla proceeds to demoralize its inhabitants by means accepts, despite a girlish infatuation for a German of what the scientific philanthropists call indiscrim- | musician. The scene then changes from Fichten- inate charity. She invites the neighborhood chil-stadt to a country estate in England, but relations dren to Sunday parties, feeding their sinful bodies between husband and wife remain strained, he not and imperilling their immortal souls. She employs seeing that she has really come to care for him, and help at unheard-of wages. She ruins the character she not discovering the genuine love concealed be- of the model pauper of the village - a bedridden neath his cold exterior. This device keeps the story old woman by gifts of five-pound notes and bot- | going until it has attained the requisite length, when tles of rum. She causes both the son of the vicar the mutual misunderstandings are cleared away. and the son of the great lady of the parish to fall The story is, as we said at the beginning, a pleas- wildly in love with her (she can't help that, poor ant one, embodying no very deep passion or subtle thing!) and thereby stormily agitates the breasts of analysis of character, but nevertheless an agreeable their respective mothers. It is all one bright dream composition of nicely-adjusted parts. of realized ideals until the money gives out, when WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. clouds encompass the scene. Then Annalise be- comes obstreperous, reveals the whereabouts of the truants, and the prince appears to bear away his NOTES ON NEW NOVELS. betrothed. It is a lovely story, and the fortnight which it describes is all too brief for our enjoyment, “ The Javelin of Fate," by Miss Jeanie Gould Lin- although it proves quite sufficient to cure the prin- coln, is distinguished from the mass of current fiction cess of her vagrant fancies, and to reconcile her to by the technical skill with which it presents a plot that the existence upon which she had impulsively turned has in itself real movement and vitality. It is a Civil her back. War story, its action centering in that hot-bed of rebel- lion, Baltimore. But it begins twenty years before the “The Flute of Pan,” which is the latest of the war, in a little mountain cabin in Virginia, where a dis- inventions of that accomplished woman of letters, tracted young mother deserts her child amid the pro- 1906.] 19 THE DIAL phetic imprecations of the old mammy in whose care she leaves it. For years she escapes the nemesis of fate, but throughout her brilliant career there is one motive behind her social activities and political intrigues the wish to punish the man who spoiled her youth, and robbed her of the capacity for happiness. At last her opportunity arrives, but old instincts and old affections assert themselves. She forgives the man and goes to find her child. Then the javelin strikes her. This is the main thread of the narrative, which is skilfully inter- woven with others less sombre. (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.) In “ Miss Desmond” (Macmillan) Marie Van Vorst has made a long stride toward the writing of significant fiction. She has evolved a situation that Mr. Henry James would revel in; and without resorting to Mr. James's familiar method, she has brilliantly suggested, if she has not always developed, its subtleties. Her heroine, Miss Desmond, is a middle-aged recluse, a Bostonian Puritan, who has sacrificed her youth to an exacting old mother and has just awakened to the con- viction that she has never really lived. In this mood of tentative, half-frightened dissatisfaction and longing she is suddenly summoned to chaperon a niece,— the sophisticated but unspoiled daughter of a thoroughly disreputable sister,— on a Swiss tour. A week later the object of the sister's latest love-affair comes by chance to their hotel. He finds in Miss Desmond the bodily appearance of the woman he had left in disgust, united to a spiritual beauty that he is in a mood to appreciate by contrast. The development of the theme is dramatic, though at times a little unsure; and the characterization is uncommonly delicate and significant. “ The Passport ” (Harper), by Mr. Richard Bagot, is a rather slow-moving story of love and intrigue, in an Italian setting. A parish priest with a mysterious past is the ruling character. He has an interest, dating back to the time when he was a canon at Rome, in the young hero and heroine; and he finally manages to convince the girl's step-mother that young Rossano and not the gambling Belgian baron, d'Antin, is the more suitable husband for her charge. The baron has a coadjutor in the person of the Abbé Roux, as great a scoundrel as himself, but not so clever. Peasant revolts add an ele- ment of variety to the plots and counter-plots of the villains. Mr. Bagot's style is clever and finished, and one wonders a little why his book does not make more of an impression. It may be safely recommended as a good story, likely to carry the reader pleasantly to the end of its four hundred closely-printed pages; but it lacks a definite, clear-cut motive that should give it force and value. Mr. W. W. Jacobs's latest book, “Captains All” (Scribner), is named after the first story in a collection of tales, only three of which are really nautical. But any disappointment that the reader may experience on this score is soon forgotten in his enjoyment of the au- thor's humor. Mr. Jacobs makes the doings and say- ings of a certain type of English low-life irresistibly funny in the telling. His sailors ashore, his constables, night-watchmen, small shop-keepers, pigeon-shooters, and their wives and friends, are delightful studies, de- picted with the same penetration and the same joyous appreciation of the comedy of life that distinguish all Mr. Jacobs's work. It is hard to pick out any stories deserving of special mention, for the workmanship is very even; but certainly none are better than “ The Constable's Move,” which tells how Policeman Evans's worst enemy unwittingly got him made a sergeant; and “ The White Cat,” the story of a strange legacy that brought as much trouble on its various owners as the proverbial white elephant. “ Land Ho” (Harper) is the title chosen for a collec- tion of Mr. Morgan Robertson's sea stories. In several of these are told the adventures of Scotty, an original old fellow forced by circumstances to be deck-hand on a freight barge in New York harbor, but leading a life full of interest and excitement none the less. The sea, as Scotty and the rest of Mr. Robertson's heroes know it, is a hard mistress, exacting a heavy toll of labor and sorrow and making little return; and as a whole Mr. Robertson's book does not make cheerful reading. A strange case of somnambulism is the theme of “ The Cook and the Captain "'; “ The Lobster" and his friends are only amateur sailors, and a few stories at the end of the book have no connection with the sea or its folk. It is a pity that Mr. Robertson does not occasionally choose to exploit a thoroughly pleasant theme. His style is powerful, but his insight is always exercised on gruesome situations. Mr. Charles Major's new romance “Yolanda" (Mac- millan) resembles “When Knighthood Was in Flower” more than it does any of this author's other books. There is a piquant and spirited heroine who braves everything for the man she loves, and the hero is satis- factory enough, though distinctly subordinate in the reader's interest, as was Brandon. The love affair leads the pair through many extraordinary perils and dilem- mas, but in the end the prince marries the princess ex- actly as their parents had planned, though the step is by no means taken out of deference to parental wishes. For some unexplainable reason Mr. Major has chosen to have the story related by Count Maximilian's tutor- a method which has its disadvantages when a passion- ate, and let us hope a private, love-scene is to be con- fided to the reader. In spite of this mistake, however, Mr. Major has written another good story, which his public will be glad to welcome. Miss Margaret Sherwood's new novel, “ The Coming of the Tide” (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.), has much of the choice pastoral quality of her earlier book,“ Daphne.” This latter tale was so charming that it helped to set a fashion in fiction-writing; and perhaps it is only the host of perfunctory imitations that have come between to dull our appetites that makes “ The Coming of the Tide seem a little commonplace by comparison. It tells the story of a summer on the Maine coast, whither the heroine, a Southern girl, goes to forget a great sor- The plot, which is very simple, involves a study in heredity. The hero, a dreamy philosopher, is mor- bidly conscious of his inheritance of ancestral traits and ancestral quarrels. But the girl from Virginia makes him feel the joy of living, and understand the song of the tides. The charm of the book lies largely in Miss Sher- wood's delicate humor, delightful fancy, and carefully finished, but never coldly classic, style. Like all of Mr. Arthur Henry's stories, “ Lodgings in Town” (A. S. Barnes & Co.) is more fact than fiction. It tells how the author came to New York with a clean collar, eight dollars, and a poem, what he found in the city to hold his interest, and how he finally chose the obscurity of a mountain farm, in preference to material advancement in town. Much of the interest of the story springs from the keen analysis of New York's peculiari- ties, as Mr. Henry, fresh from a strenuous career in the Middle. West, interpreted them. But the core of the row. 20 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL book is its philosophy. If a man works not for money ing the inevitable lover. It is a pity that Miss Chamblin or for himself, but, “ searching events for the soul of has felt it necessary to resort to meaningless slang and them,” takes unaffected pleasure in what he can do for cheap humor in order to enliven her heroine's letters. other men, he can be happy anywhere and most easily In these days there is surely no good reason why an perhaps in a Baxter Street tenement. The intimate, actress should not be represented as a cultured woman, straightforward, and lively style in which Mr. Henry exercising good taste in the choice of a vocabulary as writes, and his large and convincing optimism, make a in other matters. strong appeal to the reader's sympathy. “Child of the Stars ” is the mystical title of a some- The success scored by “In the Bishop's Carriage” what mystical tale by Mr. Robert Valentine Mathews. lends special interest to Miss Miriam Michelson's new The narrative altogether lacks unity, but at certain novel, “ A Yellow Journalist” (Appleton). Like its points it has decided charm in spite of its annoying in- predecessor this is a novel with a heroine; and the new consecutiveness. At first it purports to be the autobi- heroine, Rhoda Massey, has a strong individuality - ography of a man who began his life as a foundling in a pluck, perseverance, and a certain feminine charm be a Jesuit orphanage. Running away one day, not because neath her masculine energy — that suggests Nancy, of unhappiness but merely to explore the neighborhood, minus the curious moral attitude that made Nancy so he found a little girl playing by the river. After this unique. Rhoda finds newspaper work as intoxicating as the story is more hers than his, and the title is the name most girls do cotillons, and thinks of nothing but pleas of a famous picture which her faithless husband painted. ing her chief and “scooping” her rivals. Reporting The picture, again, is in no sense the pivotal point of in San Francisco seems to furnish an abundance of sen the story. Mr. Mathews has some interesting material sations, but the reader is not surprised when Rhoda at his command, but he must either learn plot construc- gives it all up to marry the reporter that she had always tion or else avoid altogether the novel form. His secretly admired, though professionally they were at “Child of the Stars ” is a confusing hybrid,- neither swords' points. novel nor simple narration. (Edwin C. Hill Co.) After these many years Mr. Rider Haggard has writ Mr. Herman Bernstein, already known as the author ten a sequel, or rather a continuation, of “She.” It is of several novels of Jewish life, in “Contrite Hearts" called “ Ayesha” (Doubleday, Page & Co.), and is the (A. Wessels Co.) presents still another picture of the story of the further adventures of Mr. Holly, the real simple yet picturesque manners of his people in Russia author of " She," and Leo Vincey in the mountains of and New York. Mr. Bernstein's tale is sincere and Tibet, whither they went to seek the wonderful Spirit of quite devoid of artifice. It tells the story of two Jewish the Mountain. This time the token of verity which girls, the apostate daughters of Israel Lampert, cantor Mr. Holly sends with his manuscript is the sceptre with and reader of the law in his village. Both girls love which Ayesha was wont to rule the shadows in her Gentiles and are cast out from their father's house. mountain temple. The story opens with an account of They go singly to New York, meet there by chance, and a vision in which the lovely Ayesha tells her mortal in the end renounce the new thought that is disturbing lover how to return to her. The adventures of the trav their people's ancient beliefs, and become reconciled to ellers are of no ordinary kind. Seven years of awful their old father. The story has a curious interest, as an hardship are dismissed in a brief paragraph, and only interpretation, from the inside, of a theory of life utterly the last crucial moments of the search are detailed. It foreign to the average reader's ideas. will be interesting to see how the new “She" strikes twentieth century tastes. Mr. Rupert Hughes, the author of “ American Com- posers ” and “The Love Affairs of Great Musicians,” BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. has turned his insight into the emotional make-up of the musician to account by writing a novel. He calls it Holding that life is the test of thought, A book of good “ Zal,” which is a Polish word signifying the hopeless sense and not thought the test of life, Dr. Henry sound ideals. homesickness of the exile. The hero is a Polish musi- van Dyke puts forth a volume of cian, named Ladislav, who wins a slow recognition and “Essays in Application” (Scribner), being ideas then an overwhelming success in America. But it is and ideals tested by experience and removed from his love affair with a rich American girl, rather than his the domain of theory to that of fact. On an early concert career, that engrosses the reader's attention. page he refers feelingly to those hours of despond- As a study of the artistic temperament “ Zal” is very interesting, but Mr. Hughes makes a mistake in forcing ency and disappointment when the grasshopper and his hero to choose between saving his mother or his the critic become a burden.” Nothing that is to be sweetheart from drowning. Such an episode cannot be said of his book by the present critic will in the least satisfactorily handled in fiction. Otherwise, particularly intensify the gloom of those despondent hours; for for a first novel, “ Zal” shows very good workmanship. the essays are all excellent, both in substance and in (Century Co.) form. The writer stands with both feet planted on “Lady Bobs, her Brother, and I” (Putnam) is already the solid earth, while his “dome of thought” reaches, familiar to readers of “The Critic,” where it appeared not into the clouds, but beyond them. In other words, serially. Miss Jean Chamblin has followed a passing practical good sense and lofty idealism are happily fashion in using the letter form for her story, and in supplementing plot interest with animated accounts of married in his pages. Wise counsel is offered on life and scenery in the Azores. Her protagonist is a education, religion, literature, - its production and young actress, who, being tired and so impressed with its consumption,- the simple life, and many other the futility of her dramatic efforts, goes off to rest in a matters of universal interest. In his general reflec- far corner of the earth and finds there most of the people tions on the progress of the world, he is optimistic, she has particularly wished to get away from — includ or, rather, melioristic and hopeful. “Pessimism 1906.] 21 THE DIAL as was never gets anywhere,” he declares. “ It is a poor land, or to the Indian Territory "the grave of the wagon that sets out with creaking and groaning." Northern Indian”; and then follows the gradual His definition of literature recalls Matthew Arnold's. extinction of the tribe. The treatment of the civ- “Literature," writes the later essayist, “is made up ilized Mission Indians seems to have been the worst of those writings which translate the inner mean of all. They had good homes, were peaceful and ings of nature and life, in language of distinction good citizens, yet the government would admit to and charm, touched with the personality of the au them no rights at all, —- or, in the language of the thor, into artistic forms of permanent interest.” Senate Committee, “ the Indian had no usufructuary Three evil tendencies he finds in our modern world or other rights therein which were in any manner to against which the spirit of Christianity embodied in be respected"; and the whites took their lands and a worthy literature can do much to guard us. These homes. One of the final chapters describes the late are the growing idolatry of military glory, the grow method of dividing the spoils taken from the Indian. ing idolatry of wealth, and the growing spirit of As long as there was a frontier the rule was, “ first frivolity. The last-named tendency gives occasion come, first served.” Next, when reservations sur- for mildly rebuking a brilliant contemporary British rounded by settled territory are thrown open, the essayist, much given to paradox, who will need no government fixes the day and hour, and thousands more particular designation. Touching on educa of home-seekers line up to race for homes, tion, Dr. van Dyke deprecates the term “ finished done at the opening of the Cherokee Strip. Finally, scholar," which to him has a mortuary sound, like the government makes use of the lottery, as in the an epitaph. The right education teaches to see case of the Rosebud Reservation, to divide out the clearly, to imagine vividly, to think independently, prizes, - a method condemned as illegal by the and to will nobly. Terse and striking phraseology national postal laws. The author disavows any in- is not wanting in these suggestive chapters. The tention of claiming that all men are equal or should whirl of fashion shows us the “busy emptiness of be given equal privileges; but he maintains, how- life at top speed.” Would-be art connoisseurs « go ever, that “no man has a place or fair chance to into raptures over a crooked-necked Madonna after exist under the government of the United States they have looked into their catalogues and discovered who has not a part in it.” From the government, that it was painted by Botticelli.” This, in Car- influenced by politicians, the anthor expects little lylesque language, is the veriest simian mimicry consideration for the woes of the Indian. The of artistic enthusiasm, a thing laughable to gods proper way to secure relief is, he says, to “instill in and men.” A book so admirably combining enter the public mind a deep persistent distrust of the tainment and edification is not published every day, National Congress.” or every month. The personality and career of the son In "The Indian Dispossessed" (Little, Napoleon and of Napoleon and Marie Louise have Brown & Co.), Mr. Seth K. Humphrey Marie Louise. always attracted interest both histor- eseutcheon. describes the treatment by the United ically and as a matter of curiosity. A new study of States government during the last three decades of his position and importance is now offered in a vol- the Reservation, or peaceful, Indian. The book con ume by Edward de Wertheimer, entitled “The Duke sists principally of extracts from the reports of Indian of Reichstadt” (John Lane Co.), presented in a agents and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, con pretty binding decorated with the Napoleonic bee, nected by a thread of narrative. It is the old and famil and containing a number of excellent portraits. The iar story of the ruthless occupation of Indian country volume is essentially an historical study, not a mere by white men who recognize no right as belonging to collection of gossip and rumor; for the author has the original owner. The Introduction briefly traces made a careful search of many archives, understands the steps by which the Indian was pushed back thoroughly the historical setting, and is more con- from the frontier, until finally there was no longer a cerned to give an account of the diplomatic intrigues frontier and he was then placed on the Reservation. centering about the Duke and his mother than to pre- The account of the treatment of the Reservation sent a striking personal characterization. One learns, Indians is from the Indian point of view, and gives indeed, very little about the qualities and ideas of only one side of the question at issue; but there is no Reichstadt himself, for necessarily his ideas were of doubt that, according to the reports of its own officials, much less contemporaneous importance than were the government has been guilty of criminal negligence the ideas of such men as Metternich and Talleyrand and gross injustice in its treatment of the peaceful as to what should be done with him. It is difficult red man. The author selects for discussion the cases to realize to-day that he really had so much impor- of the Umadillas, Flat Heads, Nez Percès, Poncas, tance, and that courts and cabinets were agitated for and the Mission Indians of California. The history fear of movements and conspiracies to place him of the four first-named is the same: a treaty is made upon the throne of France. The plans solemnly with the United States securing to the Indians good proposed (when he was but seven years old) that he reservations; then come the white settlers who want should be forced into monastic life, or precluded the Indian lands; next the government, influenced from ever marrying, in order forever to cut off the by the politicians, forces the Indians to less desirable | Napoleonic heritage, seem absurd to-day; yet to the The son of The blot on our national 22 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL statesmen of that time his existence, even in the stem, called the Minor Premise; and crowning that secluded circle in which he moved at Vienna, was is the flower, with its seed-vessels which contain the a matter for constant surveillance. Mr. de Wert potentialities of future arguments,- this is called the heimer traces the principal events, and narrates these Conclusion." A genial first-personalism (unkind the diplomatic maneuvrings, from the time of his hero's critic who should call it egoism) pervades the book birth in 1811 through the twenty-one years of his and admits one quite intimately into the writer's life. Naturally, the central figure of the story is confidence - or at least seems to do so. Finally, Metternich,—the man whose patriotic statecraft is Dr. Crothers, to use the language of a brother divine, responsible for whatever seems heartless in the treat-belongs to that best class of essayists who clarify ment of Reichstadt and of Marie Louise. The lat life by gentle illumination and lambent humor.” ter is in no sense excused by the author for her conduct toward Napoleon, or in her later relations Among the greatest of the leaders of with Neipperg,- unless to portray her as a woman The greatest English thought in the nineteenth of I'nitarians. without imagination, or any perception of great prin- century and the greatest of all in ciples, is an excuse. But personalities have little the Unitarian denomination, was James Martineau. place in the author's method. His work is not in It is fitting, therefore, that the centennial of his birth tended for the merely curious, but it is of real his-should be marked by the publication of an elaborate torical value. study of his life and work, prepared by Mr. J. Estlin Our hearts do not leap up when we Carpenter, an old pupil of Martineau and for many A pardon for behold a halo on the title-page. So years his co-worker in Manchester College, and pub- our peccadillos. says the entertaining author of " The lished by the American Unitarian Association. The Pardoner's Wallet” (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.), and book is really a model of what a work of this kind therefore he will perhaps not thank a reviewer for should be. Fully to understand the achievements designating him as the Rev. Dr. Crothers, especially of a thinker we must know the conditions of thought as he has studiously shorn his name bare of all titles, which surround him and his effect upon those condi. sacred or profane, on his own title-page. But when tions. Martineau's life covered nearly the entire the book-appraiser proceeds to balance this possible century (1805–1900), and his biographer furnishes disservice by reminding the purchasing public, should from time to time graphic and illuminating sum- it need any such reminder, that the author of the maries of the intellectual movements of those years. book in question is also the author of “ The Gentle One of the best of these is the fourth chapter, Reader," -a fact also excluded from the title-page, devoted to “Religion and Philosophy in England, possibly the Pardoner will grant the offender an in 1805–1832.” In this, the poets are shown to have dulgence from his well-filled wallet. Of these eleven played a prominent part, — Wordsworth, who “ led essays, three, if we mistake not, have already ap the way in the revolt against the mechanical inter- peared in “The Atlantic”; the rest appear to be pretation of the world”; Shelley, who“prophesied the We find here, as in the author's earlier vols regeneration to be wrought out only by faithfulness ume, a succession of pleasing fancies and humorous and love”; Byron, in “Cain,” “with sterner defiance conceits, steadied with a due ballast of sober thought hurling his protest against the prevailing theology." and moral purpose. Common sense, alert observa With the year 1832, another new era was at hand, tion, a varied experience of life in divers longitudes with Carlyle, Tennyson, Browning, and John Henry of our broad land, gentle satire, delicate humor, all Newman as its prophets. “Through the medley of tastefully adorned with a sufficient garnish of liter conflicting cries in science, philosophy, and Biblical ary allusion, quotation, and anecdote,– combine to criticism, James Martineau slowly realized the task produce a book that stimulates while it amuses, and to which he was called : - to vindicate the great promotes thought at the same time that it drives away conception which he defined as the perennial In- The title finds its appropriateness in the dwelling of God in Man in the Universe.'” How fact that most of the chapters deal with faults and he wrought on this great life-work; how, gradually foibles that are not inexcusable, although open to abandoning the language of the older generation, he friendly criticism. The essay that affords the purest denounced the method of interpretation in which intellectual delight is the jeu d'esprit entitled “How he had been brought up; how he was rebuked for to Know the Fallacies," wherein “Scholasticus” is destroying all external authority, and how he replied represented as yielding so far to modern educational by pointing to an authority from within, resting on methods as to throw his treatise on logical fallacies the nature, scope, powers, and source of reason, into the form of a series of lessons in botany. “Let these are the great events in the life-history of this us go out in the sunshine into the pleasant field of great and original thinker. Closing the volume, we thought," says the botanist-logician. "There we see agree with the biographer, that "among the English the arguments valid and otherwise as they are theologians of the nineteenth century none had cov- growing. You will notice that every argument has ered so wide a range; none possessed so varied a three essential parts. First is the root, called by the knowledge; none had more completely blended the old logicians in their crabbed language the Major highest efforts of speculation with graces of char- Premise. Growing quite naturally out of this is the acter and the trusts of a lowly heart.” new. dull care. 1906.] 23 THE DIAL themes. con- Professor Edward Dickinson, of Leisure,” “The Right of Women to the Ballot,” A handbook of musical history. Oberlin College, has written a work “The Rights of Purchasers,” “The Rights of Pur- called "The Study of the History of chasers and the Courts." To these the author has Music” (Scribner) which we take pleasure in com added five appendices, containing decisions of various mending. It offers a straightforward and scholarly courts in cases having an important bearing on the treatment of the subject, and is based upon the subject, or some part of it. Most of the material in author's practice as a lecturer in the institution with the book, on the subjects of child-labor, compulsory which he is connected. There are forty-three chap- education, and the dangerous trades, has been pub- ters and a bibliography of works accessible in En lished before in one form or another, and is known glish. Besides this general list of authorities, each in detail, or at least in part, to all who are interested chapter has valuable bibliographical notes upon its in social reform. It is well, however, to have the special subject matter. We quote the following pas matter formulated and united into one common prob- sage from the introduction : lem of the right to labor and to leisure, as it is in “The basis of the true study of the history and meaning nature. Mrs. Kelley's book is, by the conditions of of any art is not the reading of books about works of art, but its subject, tentative. Its chief value lies in its sug- the direct first-hand examination of the works themselves. gestions for future improvement. This dogma needs to be incessantly hammered into the heads of amateur students of music. If this book encouraged any- one to substitute critics and historians for the actual compo Pleasant papers A volume styled “Greatness in Lit- sitions of the masters, then the author's intention would be on literary erature and Other Papers" (Crowell) grossly perverted and his hopes disappointed. The first aim consists of eight literary addresses of the music lover should be to make himself acquainted with prepared for various academic occasions by Professor the largest possible number of the best musical compositions." William P. Trent, and now collected for permanent Concerning this saying we would say that it is true, preservation. The writer tells us that he does not every word of it, but that such a warning is perhaps less needed in the case of music than in the case of call these papers "essays,” because that term “ notes to my mind a discursive charm which, per- any other art. Our observation has been that most haps, I could not impart to any composition.” This young students of music neglect the history of the art altogether, and merely learn to “play pieces.” statement is too modest by exactly half, for, although the papers are discursive, they are undeniably Of the place of those compositions in the history of music, of their æsthetic and ethical content, and of charming, and none the less so because each one of them pursues a definite line of thought. Some of the significance of their composers, few amateur musicians have any notion whatever. A book that of literary greatness, the teaching and study of liter- the subjects with which they deal are the question aims to remedy this defect deserves a warm wel- ture, the relation of criticism to faith and of literature come, and need hardly fear that it will incline the balance of the student's attention in the wrong di- to science, and the love of poetry. Upon all these subjects the author has excellent things to say, and rection. We have often urged that music should be the manner of his discourse is both persuasive and studied in the way in which poetry is studied, which engaging. His remarks upon the study of literature, of course does not mean that poetry should be neg- in particular, should be taken to heart by the too lected for the sake of books about poetry, but that large class of our teachers who still make literature acquaintance is adequate that does not a thing of terror to their students; or, if not of include acquaintance with its place and function in terror, of desiccated substance and unattractive ex- literary history. position. We hope that his example will induce All those who know the active part others “ to doubt the value of strenuous examinations Some ethical gains through taken by Mrs. Florence Kelley in and to appreciate more and more the necessity of legislation. the crusade against child labor, over- trying to inculcate in students some of the high work, and unsanitary conditions, will appreciate the moral and spiritual truths taught by great writers, value of a book from her pen which attempts to and to impart to them a taste for reading, a love of estimate the present value of “Ethical Gains through the best literature.” Legislation" (Macmillan), and which endeavors to suggest some of the many ways in which these We do not know how many of the already acquired gains may be increased many fold. The Romany readers of “ Lavengro" at the present Word-Book. The chief feature in the desired increase is the edu- day have an interest in the gypsy cation of the employing, employed, and purchasing cult in which George Borrow was an adept. For public in the rules which govern wholesome and ourselves, the very sound of Romany has a sort of honest labor, which tend to increase the public fascination which we readily pronounce in normal wealth, to strengthen the public health, and to moments to be without much ground. There will strengthen the weaker members of the body politic. probably be others who will be glad to see this re- A discussion of these rules is the chief feature of print of the “Romano Lavo-Lil, or Word-Book of Mrs. Kelley's book, which is divided into seven sig- the English Gypsy's Language" (Putnam). The nificant parts: "The Right to Childhood,” “The original, although not a rarity, is not easily found; Child, the State, and the Nation,” “The Right to and the present issue is an excellent substitute. Leisure," " Judicial Interpretations of the Right to When we consider the testimony of Borrow and with no poem 24 [Jan. 1; THE DIAL Leland to the appreciation on the part of the gypsy NOTES. of a knowledge of the Romany tongue, we can easily see the value of such an introduction as this Mr. Winston Spencer Churchill's biography of his book affords to the gypsy world. It is not, however, father, the late Lord Randolph Churchill, will be pub- merely or chiefly a word-book. It contains songs lished by the Macmillan Co. early in the present month. and stories in Romany and English, an account of A new book from the pen of Mr. Henry Wallace various gypsy places of resort, and much other such Phillips, author of " Red Saunders,” will be published this month by the Grafton Press. The new story is material. Altogether it is an entertaining book, full entitled “Mr. Scraggs,” and is the personal account of of the spirit that makes " Lavengro " so attractive, incidents in the strenuous life of one of Red Saunders's and with a bit more of a serious definite character. friends. “ Incidents Attending the Capture, Detention, and Ransom of Charles Johnston of Virginia,” reprinted from the original edition of 1827, with editorial matter BRIEFER MENTION. by Professor Edwin Erle Sparks, is published by the Burrows Brothers Co. in their series of “Narratives The John Lane Co. publish a two-volume edition of “ The Poems of William Watson," with an introduc- of Indian Captivities.” tion by Mr. J. A. Spender. The collection omits some Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co. publish a revised edi- of the poems included in previous volumes, makes fre- tion of “ A Handbook of Modern Japan,” by Mr. Ernest quent alterations in the others, and includes a consider W. Clement. In its present form, this valuable work is able number of new pieces. It constitutes, for the brought thoroughly down to date by the addition of a present at least, a definitive edition of Mr. Watson's chapter on the recently-ended war with Russia. There work. are two maps and many pictures. A new edition of Mr. Andrew Lang's impressions of Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. publish a new edition Oxford, with fifty illustrations by various hands, is im- of “The Purple Land,” by Mr. W. H. Hudson. This ported by the J. B. Lippincott Company. Mr. Lang charming narrative of life in South An rica is now is such a loving interpreter of Oxford, knows the city twenty years old, but it has never had one-tenth of the so well in all its moods, and invests his studies with so readers it deserves, a defect which the present edition much color and so much human interest as well, that may help to remedy. his papers are no doubt extremely difficult to illustrate “ The English Dialect Grammar,” by Dr. Joseph suitably. The sketches in the present edition are repro Wright, is published by Mr. Henry Frowde at the duced from the etchings and drawings of nearly a dozen Oxford University Press. The work is half Phonology different artists. Some are delightful interpretations and Accidence, and half Index. It includes all the of Oxford life and scenery; others hardly deserve a dialects of England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, the place beside Mr. Lang's text. On the whole they add Shetlands, and the Orkneys. something, though not so much as they easily might, The recent death of John Bartlett, the former Bos- to the reader's enjoyment. ton publisher, but better known as the compiler of Possibly book collectors, like poets, are born rather Bartlett's “ Familiar Quotations," has brought out the than made, yet the innate love of books may be culti statement from his publishers that nearly a quarter of tivated, or at least stimulated, by a knowledge of a million copies of this work have been sold since the the technique of book-making. There is ample justi first edition was published in 1855. fication, therefore, for Mr. J. Herbert Slater's “How Two interesting numbers of the “Columbia Univer- to Collect Books" (Macmillan), which contains most sity Germanic Studies” now at hand give us " Laurence informing chapters on manuscripts, paper, printing and Sterne in Germany,” by Dr. Harvey Waterman Thayer, printers, title-pages and colophons, book-binding and and “Types of Weltschmerz in German Poetry," by Dr. the famous binders, collectors and their famous collec Wilhelm Alfred Braun. Hölderlin, Lenau, and Heine tions, book auctions, sales, and catalogues; with admir are the poets selected for treatment in the last-named able illustrations, and a cover design copied from the monograph bindings in the famous Demetrio Canevari library of « Friedrich Schiller: A Sketch of his Life and an Genoa. This volume will be found to contain a feast Appreciation of his Poetry,” by Dr. Paul Carus, is an of good things for every book collector. illustrated volume partly reprinted from “ The Open With the publication of Dr. Samuel Bannister Court,” and now published from the office of that Harding's “ Essentials in Mediæval and Modern His- | periodical. It is a book of popular character, and very tory," the American Book Co. complete their series of interesting in its presentation of the subject, to say “ Essentials in History," the four volumes providing nothing of the many illustrations. the full course of four years' work now given in all high Mr. Ernest W. Clement, well known for his books schools of the better sort. The entire series is admir on Japan, and especially his “ Handbook of Modern ably planned and executed, and may be adopted in full Japan,” has been appointed Acting Interpreter of the confidence that no better set of books for the purpose is United States Legation at Toyko. Mr. Clement has now available. We note also in this connection the the confidence of the Japanese government as few publication, by Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co., of Americans have, chiefly the result of a long residence “ A History of Mediæval and Modern Europe," by Pro in Japan, and an exceptional understanding of the fessor Henry E. Bourne, which is also a work em Japanese mind and habit of thought. Messrs. A. C. bodying the best scholarship and the most progressive McClurg & Co. announce that they will issue next year pedagogical ideals. Between the two books here men a new edition of Hildreth's “ Japan, Old and New," tioned there is little to choose, and either is an immense revised to date by Mr. Clement, with an interesting improvement over anything to be had ten years ago. introduction by Dr. William Elliot Griffis. 1906.] 25 THE DIAL Julian the Apostate. By Gaetano Negri; trans. from the second Italian edition by the Duchess Litta-Visconti-Arese; with introduction by Professor Pasquale Villari. In 2 vols., illus. in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. Charles Scribner's Sons, $5. net. The Life of Sir Henry Vane, the Younger; with a History of the Events of his Time. By William W. Ireland. Illus., 8vo, uncut, pp. 513. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd. Vikings of the Pacific: The Adventures of the Explorers Who Came from the West, Eastward. By A. C. Laut. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 349. Macmillan Co. $2. net. John Fletcher Hurst. By Albert Osborn. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 509. Eaton & Mains. $2. net. Augustus: The Life and Times of the Founder of the Roman Empire (B.C. 63— A.D. 14). By E. S. Shuckburgh, Litt. D. Illus., 12mo, pp. 318. A. Wessels Co. $1.50 net. The Memories of Rose Eytinge: Being Recollections and Observations of Men, Women, and Events during Half a Century. Illus., 12mo, pp. 311. Frederick A. Stokes $1.20 net. Russell H. Conwell, Founder of the Institutional Church in America: The Work and the Man. By Agnes Rush Burr; with introduction by Floyd W. Tomkins, D.D. Illus., 12mo, pp. 365. John C. Winston Co. $1. TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. January, 1906. American Diplomacy. Francis C. Lowell. Atlantic. Balkans, Turkey vs. Europe in the. Review of Reviews. Caddis-Worm, The Net-Making. H. C. McCook. Harper. Canadian Progress, Year of. J. P. Gerrie. Review of Reviews Carnegie International Art Exhibition, The. World Today. Catalytic Chemical Processes. R. K. Duncan. Harper. Chicago Faces, Impressions from. L. H. B. Knox. Atlantic. China, Awakening of. W. A. P. Martin. World's Work. China, The New. Adachi Kinnosuke. Forum. Chinese Boycott, The. John W. Foster. Atlantic. Chinese Press of Today. A. R. Colquhoun. North American. Colombia, Remaking of. E. H. Mason. World Today. Cotton Growers, The Arthur W. Page. World's Work. Engineer Corps in the Navy, Plea for an. North American. England's Unemployed. Agnes C. Laut. Review of Reviews. Esperanto: the Universal Language. A. Schinz. Atlantic, Europe, Premiers of. 0. D. Skelton. World Today. Far East, Am. Democracy in. John Foreman. No. American. Farming as a Business Enterprise. Review of Reviews. Football, --Shall It Be Ended or Mended? Review of Reviews. Football, Taming. Shailer Mathews. World Today. Franklin in France. John Hay. Century. Franklin's Trials as a Benefactor. Emma Repplier. Lippincott. Ghost in Fiction, The. T. R. Sullivan. Atlantic. Hungarian Emigration Law. Louis de Lévay. North American. Indian Music of South America. C. J. Post. Harper. Indian's Yoke, The. Frances C. Sparhawk. North American. Insurance Millions, Irresponsible. World's Work. Insurance, State, New Zealand. W. P. Reeves. No. American. Irving, Henry, An Impression of. E. S. Nadal. Scribner. Japan, Financial, after the War. Baron Shibusawa. Forum. Japan, Leaders of. Mary C. Fraser. World's Work. Labor Union, Reforming a. V. E. Soares. World Today. Legislation, Special. Samuel P. Orth. Atlantic. Liberals, Victory of the. W. T. Stead. Review of Reviews. Lacin Cut-Off, The. Oscar K. Davis. Century. Mexico, City of, Legends of the. T. A. Janvier. Harper. Mexico's Great Finance Minister. Rafael Reyes. No. Amer. Morality, Our Anxious. Maurice Maeterlinck. Atlantic. Northwest, The Great. Cyrus Northrop. World Today. Paris, Americanization of. A. H. Ford. World Today. Politics, Honest, Great Victory for. W. MacVeagh. No. Amer. Porto Rico Industrial Progress. Beekman Winthrop. No, Amer. Porto Rico, Our Experience in. World's Work. Powers, The, and the Settlement. T. F. Millard. 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THE DIAL Important New Macmillan Books JUST READY Mr. William Holman Hunt's reminiscent Pre-Raphaelitism and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood The work will be uniform with the “Memorials of Edward Burne-Jones,” published last fall. It will be devoted to the lives and work of that little band of men who did more than any other to restore life and vitality and meaning to English art during the last century. Two volumes, richly illustrated, $10.00 net. Mr. Winston Spencer Churchill's Life of Lord Randolph Churchill The lively anticipations expressed since it was announced justify the publishers in presenting this work as the most important biography of the present season. Through a conspicuous career, Lord Randolph Churchill held the threads of the actual inner working of the modern British political machine, and the book is an adequate appreciation of one of the most striking figures of the past century in English public life. Two Svo volumes in a box. Price of the set, $9.00 net (carriage extra). Mr. F. Marion Crawford's Salve Venetia! Gleanings from History “These two volumes, rich in anecdote and story, packed with legend and fact gleaned from Venetian history, make interesting reading. . . The make-up of the book is most attractive, and it is beautifully and lavishly illustrated with 225 drawings by Joseph Pennell . . . and they render admirably the picturesque quality of Venice.”- The Evening Post (New York). Two volumes in a box, crown vo, $5.00 net (carriage extra). O Mr. Samuel Isham's History of American Painting “The most important art book of the season is Mr. Isham’s · History of American Painting,' which has been looked forward to with interest for some time. Those of his acquaintance have long known Mr. Isham's exceptional fitness for his task. Himself a painter of respectable achievement and equipped with the necessary technical knowledge and the painter's point of view, he is also a man of unusual breadth of vision and of sympathy, of keen intellect and sound judgment, kindly of temper and with a genial humor, altogether honest, quite without jealousy, and as nearly without prejudice or bias as is possible to human nature. It was expected to be good; but it is even better than was expected.”—The Nation. Uniform with Taft's "Sculpture," in a box, $5.00 net. Mr. B. L. Putnam-Weale's The Re-Shaping of the Far East “Whether the outcome is in accordance with his predictions or not, it cannot be denied that he has made in the two bulky volumes before us a remarkably searching, analytical, clear and comprehensive presentation of what is on the surface, and beneath it as well, an intricately complicated and perplexing situation. ... 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When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of subscription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All communi- cations should be addressed to THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER BY THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. No. 470. JANUARY 16, 1906. Vol. XL. CONTENTS. PAGE ACADEMIC WELFARE 31 A YEAR OF CONTINENTAL LITERATURE-I. 34 36 COMMUNICATION Mr. Swinburne's Poetry. Henry S. Pancoast. AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN IRISH PATRIOT. Percy F. Bicknell 37 . It is hardly in accord with the national tem- per to take alarm at any threatening aspect of the cultural atmosphere. Few are weatherwise in such matters; and the influences that are precipitated upon the street from these tenuous realms make little impression in contrast with the more practical predictions of the local weather bureau. If the nation's nutrition is endangered, and it is given out that the wheat crop is under the weather, the news is learnedly discussed from Cabinet to corner-grocery; and if the national circulation is feverish, physicians are summoned to take the patient's temperature with a Wall Street thermometer, and crowds gather about the hourly bulletins. But the most jaundiced of yellow sheets would not add two points to the cubits of its headlines to report symtoms suggestive of academic disquietude. One must not intrude topics of the soul during business hours; and corporations proverbially dispense with the presence of that uncongenial monitor. Even those for whom the things of the spirit have a meaning — and our list of educa- tional benefactions is creditable, as well as those who are more directively entrusted with their management, reflect the national optimism that does not deal kindly with Cassandras of either sex. If things have come to such a pass that the triumphant screech of the eagle must be momentarily hushed, our choice goes out to the presumably cheerful if deluded ostrich rather than to the croaking raven ; and if dangers grow so inconsiderately obvious that we are con- stantly stumbling against them, we have only to remember that “Christian Science” is an American discovery. One need not incur the odium of suggesting that the brains of the nation are segregated in the institutions of learning by recognizing that our Colleges and Universities represent the best organized provisions for keeping aglow the torch of culture and handing it on with undiminished brilliance to those that come after. In the aggregate, the effect produced upon the intel- lectual ideals and activities of the race by the influences that find origin and support in Uni- versity centres is sufficient to impart a national PROVENCE: ITS HISTORY, ART, AND LITER- ATURE. Josiah Renick Smith . 39 A RE-VALUATION OF SCHILLER. Starr Willard Cutting 41 SEA POWER AND THE WAR OF 1812. Anna Heloise Abel 45 THE GREATEST OF MODERN GARDENERS. Thomas H. Macbride 47 48 BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS Still another volume about the Philippines. — A famous Republican statesman. President Roose- velt as a hunter. - Pictures of court life under Louis XIV. - Memories of our Augustan age. Addresses from a lawyer's busy life. — A lyrist of the English commonwealth. — Two girls in a con- vent. — An American admiral of the Civil War. - Entertaining chapters on great novelists. — Illus- trations of the methods of Balzac. BRIEFER MENTION 52 NOTES 52 . LIST OF NEW BOOKS 53 32 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL significance to any conditions that seriously rage of favored millionaires. In some cases they affect the academic welfare. The gathering have been known to refuse pottage even when clouds betoken that the storm is likely to break offered upon a silver platter. Such blindness most centrally over the discussion of the rela to the real interests of the University argues tions of furtherance or hindrance that have come congenital defect in the clan as a whole. And to exist between the administrative provisions when it comes to such a pass that Faculties for maintaining the life of Universities and the protest against what they choose to call the de- underlying purposes for which Universities ex moralizing influences of gate-receipts and grand- ist. On so broad a question it doubtless behooves stands, wilfully negligent of the fact that this one to be content with moderate sympathy of is the readiest way in which the University can aim and to be reconciled to some differences in get its name in the papers, it is certainly high measures. The response of mingled approval time that the professor shall be kept busy teach- and dissent that would go out to any worthy ing, while some wiser man, who can properly pronouncement anent this issue, would probably understand what the people want, shall direct not have been sufficiently disturbing to ex the affairs of state. change silence for speech; but when a singularly The academic “boss” is frankly advocated specious and unwholesome utterance upon the as the proper head for a University in a demo- subject of the University Presidency finds place cratic land. Foreign exemplars in which Facul- in a company where all places are honorable, ties so largely control their own affairs, are all we confess to a reaction of protest that will out. misleading, because in the first place in their The catchword under which “The Atlantic ignorance these benighted institutions have not Monthly ”— usually a reliable fount of good discovered the simple efficacy of the "win-at-any- sense, graceful statement, and enlightening cost "one-man power, and because in this country ideals — heralds this untimely message, is itself the man who buys a ticket has the right to dictate irritating. “ Why professors should teach and how his Shakespeare shall be performed. Might not administrate” has a suspicious sound ; and is not only right; but the highest truth lies in it is not unexpected to find that the real issue the recognition of the special providence that thus evasively presented is whether the Uni- reigns over our brave and free domain by which versity Professor is to be a helpless hireling the mere gift of power always brings with it who cannot call his soul his own, or whether he the highest measure of wisdom. If a Univer- is to be an independent scholar whose needs are sity cannot be conducted upon business prin- properly met and whose services are fitly ciples by business men, it defies the national esteemed ; whether he is to find at hand, or gods and must await its doom. Yet it seems at himself aid to develop, an environment in which least a plausible position that the concerns of a the academic spirit can live and have a being, University are as individual as any other enter- or whether he must be sadly content to expend prise, and that some sympathetic insight into his life-efforts under conditions needlessly un the purposes and aims of such an institution is favorable to the fruitage of what it lies in him a prerequisite for participating in its adminis- to bear. It is the ever-vital question of what tration. This central moment of the situation, shall be first and what last, or even second. this supreme directive principle, the autocratic Compromise cannot always be in one direction policy does not wholly ignore; but it regards it as without the complete surrender of one interest; a secondary requirement, an easily-gained accom- and fairy godmothers cannot be counted upon to plishment, that may be learned when occasion intervene to restore Cinderellas to their proper offers, or better, may be determined by a popular station. The practical man of affairs has a referendum. The annual Freshman crop will peculiar prejudice in favor of holding a con tell you whether the University is filling its trolling interest ; and the real question at issue mission. mission. All that is needed to send the busy is how far those who best appreciate the needs hum of culture abroad in the land is the “ “push' of academic welfare shall be entrusted with the of some clever manager of the University de- means of converting their knowledge into power. partment store, sharp enough to observe which The view set forth with Philistine unconcern counters are crowded, and where the popular for its justice or its significance is that profes- salesmen are to be found, and to secure their sors are rather an unruly lot, troubled with ill-services for the least pay and the maximum sub- assorted notions of their own, that make them servience. Great is the reward of results ! and perversely insensitive to the categorical impera- to him to whom students are not given, let his tive of inspired legislation, or the divine vica- professorship be taken away! Let us raise the 1906.] 33 THE DIAL salary of the professor of scientific horseshoeing, when the birthright is bartered for servility, and take away from the professor of Greek what and the sacrifice of ideals is the price of material little he hath ! advance, the spirit of corruption is astir and is But in all seriousness, there is really some none the less vicious for being cleverly or loftily thing to be said for the autocratic President; disguised. As a matter of fact, it is simply im- but it can be acceptably said only by one who possible that the interests of the cultural life has an underlying sympathetic insight into the should be safeguarded by any others than those real needs of the academic life and who is pro- whose lives are devoted to such pursuit. This foundly regretful, if he chance to be a Univer- does not mean that leadership and organization sity President, that he cannot more abundantly and practical measures shall not find due place; supply the conditions that he knows should ex but it does mean that Boards of Trustees can- ist, and to the realization of which his efforts are not decide what ends Universities are to accom- consistently directed. So long as he advocates plish, and then engage expert agents to carry the gagging of the professor and then jeers at out their decisions. him for his helplessness, the insult that he adds to The proper relation of Trustees, Faculty, injury but emphasizes his unfitness for academic and President is too large and too technical a administration. The traits of the individual question to be here discussed. Our concern is that in this view are set forth as desirable for with the dignity of the academic life and the academic leadership are radically incompatible furtherance of academic welfare. Administra- with the kinds of results that are held out as the tive measures can do much to make or mar the desirable ends of his administration. With these conditions under which the academic life is to ideals we have but modest disagreement. They be lived. At present there is grave danger that are worthy ideals in part, but are expressed with what little honor and reward is left to this that vagueness of form and fervor of utterance career will be lost to the next generation through that is deemed the proper tone to assume when the spectacle of the harsh adversities that beset the gallery is in attendance. It is that per the undaunted or misguided enthusiasts that fectly conventional and custom-sanctioned lofti- still gather in the quadrangle. The most seri- ness of sentiment that the man of the street in ous menace lies in that spirit of dependent ac- the language of the street describes as finding countability that dominates the professorial expression through the unusual channel of his career in an American institution, and to which headgear. The effect of the whole is at once Mr. Pritchett has called timely attention. The nullified when the insensibility to the real con academic peace came as a heritage to the past cerns of academic life appears so conspicuously but not to the present generation; the academic between the lines. freedom, not mainly of professional speech, but Likewise is there much to be said in defense the pursuit of life with reasonable freedom from of the present caste of the University Presi- harrassing restraint, is rapidly declining. No dency. The powers which that official has come single influence is more intimately responsible to exercise are in part the issue of circumstances for the decline than the unsuitable nature of that are regrettable but inevitable in so new a University administration, that appears con- culture as ours. There is much to commend, spicuously in the inconsiderate autocracy in and more freely to excuse in the manner in which the President may legally indulge. The which the office has been filled, and in the dic benevolent despot may justify means by ends ; tatorial aspect that it has assumed in our but the more likely issue that has actually oc- educational development. But to glorify these curred is the sacrifice of the professor to the shortcomings of our immaturity, and to derive demands for material advance under presidential a model for the future from the misfortunes of ambition for results that shall dazzle the crowd. the past, is wholly to misread the evolutionary It must likewise be admitted that the entire lesson. Those who have both an interest in and range of influences that shape educational opin- a knowle ge of academic concerns will be the ion has coöperated to bring to the Presidency first to acknowledge the honor that is due to the type of individual that mildly or aggressively the President and to express appreciation of his assumes the role thạt it is his due and duty to actual services. But this tribute is brought to assume, if the text of the 66 Atlantic” article is the man who makes the best of his opportun- to prevail. In this very circumstance lies the ities, who does not confuse might with right, or weakness and misfortune of the usual provisions the feasible with the desirable. Worthy and for academic administration. That these issues practical compromise soils no man's hands ; but have naturally resulted from the hurried devel- 34 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL opment of our cultural progress, we entirely A YEAR OF CONTINENTAL agree. But the further conclusion that the LITERATURE. - I. writer draws, that these things are right because they are so, is an open bid for a fool's paradise. The annual reports upon Continental literature, The equipment of knowledge, sensibilities, and hitherto collected in a single issue of “The Athe- interest that makes a man an educator is not næum,” are now presented upon a new plan, being published one at a time in separate numbers of that that displayed in a business meeting of the periodical. Reports from Germany, Russia, and Trustees, or in the pompous appearance before Spain have thus far appeared in the current series, intimidated teachers; it is so unrelated to these and these we now summarize for the benefit of that it must be the rarest chance to find a man American readers. of ripe educational endowment both able and Dr. Ernst Heilborn, who writes of German liter- willing to give so much of his energies to matters ature, confines his attention to criticism, poetry, the only incidentally belonging to his true métier. drama, and the novel. He puts criticism first be- And the hopeful solution for present difficulties cause he thinks that it “ stands at the present mo- lies in the very spirit in which the really worthy ment on a higher level than purely creative work. University President takes up his work, and as Its authors display a more vigorous and pronounced personality, it is more individual in expression, and well in the further fact that more and more its style has more colour.” The works of three generally is fitness for such high office appraised Berlin critics are chosen for discussion, Herr Paul with reference to such intrinsically academic Goldmann's “ Aus dem Dramatischen Irrgarten," qualities. Just how significant this brighter Herr Alfred Kerr’s “ Das Neue Drama,” and Herr light along the horizon may be, and how cer Felix Poppenberg's “Bibelots.” From the obscure tainly it heralds the dispersal of the clouds, and eddying dance of shadows these three literary those given to meteorological prophecy may personalities step forth and stand before us clear decide. and firm in outline.” Herr Goldmann stands for Doubtless all this seems a needlessly severe specifically French ideals, and urges “ the necessity of returning to a definite and approved stage- arraignment of what is obviously a well-inten- technique.” He is also “ the sworn foe of naturalism tioned effort. As a sporadic indication of one in its German development, and is possessed by an man's view of which way the wind is blowing ardent desire for grandeur, passionate action, colour, and of how we should trim our sails to take and form.” Herr Kerr is also “rooted in roman- advantage thereof, it deserves no more consid- ticism,” and his influence has been “largely instru- eration than attaches to the opinion thus ex mental in dethroning naturalism.” Herr Poppen- pressed. But reputations are not such simple berg also "consciously set his affections on roman- affairs; and the sponsorship of the “ Atlantic" ticism from the very first, and has always been the places these pages in the public eye with the opponent of realism with its lack of colour.” This similarity of attitude on the part of all three toward prestige of representing a commendable aspect the chief literary controversy of the day is certainly of intellectual ideals. It is this phase of the remarkable, and shows us that the romantic cause is situation that has dispelled a very natural im- by no means in so desperate a case as some of its pulse to hold our peace, and without seizing foes would have us believe. In verse, nothing very the controversial pen to await a fitting oppor- important is chronicled. There are the collected tunity to replace what is regarded as a false poems of Otto Erich Hartleben, who has just died, ideal by a worthier one. If this seems unfair the “ Reigen Schöner Frauen” of Herr Otto Hauser, to the editorial liability of the “ Atlantic,” let “Die Vier Jahreszeiten ” of Herr Frank Wedekind, it be recalled that it has ever been the lot of and the "Galgenlieder" of Herr Christian Morgen- stern. Atlas to bear the burden of the world upon his The two books last named belong to the category of fantastic or grotesque art. The litera- shoulders, and that the editorial, like the pro- ture of the drama is notable for its reshaping of fessorial, responsibility is great. borrowed material. Herr Beer-Hofmann's tragedy, “ Der Graf von Charolais,” is a free adaptation of Massinger's “The Fatal Dowry”; Herr von Hof- A BUNDLE of “Simples from Sir Thomas Browne's mannsthal's “ Das Gerettete Venedig” is likewise Garden,” gathered by Mr. Harry Christopher Minchin, founded on Otway's “Venice Preserved,” while is an appropriate publication of the tercentenary year of Browne's birth. All of the author's books are rep- even Herr Hauptmann's new dream-play, “Elga," resented in the selections, and the volume can hardly takes its subject from one of Grillparzer's tales. fail to accomplish its compiler's purpose of suggesting “This is the story of a Polish countess who plays her “ to even a few readers some conception of the spiritual husband false with the comrade of her youth. We see the count tormented by doubts and fears; his suspicion becomes depth, mental luminosity, and moral sweetness which a certainty, and he confronts his wife with her paramour in were united in the personality of Sir Thomas Browne.” the very spot where they have sinned. The latter confesses M r. B. H. Blackwell, of Oxford, publishes the book. their guilt, while she denies it. There is but one way, declares 1906.] 35 THE DIAL her husband peremptorily, by which she can save her life: contraband books as the works of Herzen, Tscher- she must kill with her own hand the child that has been be- nishevski, and the poet Ogariev. The most impor- gotten in adultery. At the moment, however, when she is actually preparing for this inhuman deed, her husband strikes tant event in contemporary literature has been the her down. For this subject, full of horrors as it is, Haupt- | completion of Mr. Merezhkovski's “ Peter and mann has chosen the form of a “ dream-play"; it is presented Alexis,” the concluding section of the great “Christ in a series of visions seen by a German knight who has taken and Antichrist " trilogy. refuge in the Polish cloister." “In the whole work the author exhibits a vast labour, Other plays are “ Die Bauerin,” by Frau Clara which shows his great erudition. In his talent he is rather Viebig; "Die Morgenröte” (the story of Lola an essayist than a poet. The chapters devoted to the char- Montez in Munich), by Herr Josef Ruederer; acterization of the great Russian emperor are magnificent - “Biederleute,” by Herr Robert Misch; “Die Sieb- a wonderful, and at the same time portentous, portraiture of the giant Tsar. The remaining chapters furnish living pic- zehnjährigen,” by Herr Max Dreyer; “ Nebenein- tures of various sides of Russian life at the beginning of the ander," by Herr Georg Hirschfeld; “Maskerade," eighteenth century. The language of the novel is condensed, by Herr Ludwig Fulda "; and “Im Grünen Baum carefully elaborated, and shows a good style. But Merezh- zur Nachtigall,” the last work of Hartleben. A kovski has not produced an artistic whole. He has not brought into complete form the material which he has col- curious trick of this writer and some others, show- lected; he has been prevented by his desire to show that ing to what straits a straining for novelty may carry Peter destroyed the Russian Church. The novel is not a writers, is thus described : shapely, well-proportioned statue, conceived by one artistic * Their method is to employ a strictly realistic treatment survey, but a museum of curiosities and mosaics.” in the earlier acts of a drama, and so obtain a comic effect in Mr. Andrev’s “ The Red Laughter" is a tale deal- the portrayal of laughable characters and surroundings, and ing with “ the terrors of war and the madness of then, when the original comedy begins to drag, to transform the masses.” It is a psychological study rather than it on a sudden into tragedy. Anything more inartistic than this it would be hard to conceive, for every tragic effect an epic picture. Mr. Sologub has surpassed him- should be led up to by causes inherent in the theme proposed." self in a book of “ dainty little parables, recalling the fables of the East or the tales of Andersen." In Turning to fiction, we find interesting notes upon a number of books, but no description of anything “The Return,” by Mr. A. Bieli, highly important. Herr Hans Müller's " Buch der “ The strict continuity of our life is mingled with the illogi- cality of dreams, and is turned into a disconnected and mon- Abenteuer" "makes an attempt to revive the old strous chaos; the conditions of time and space are, as it were, Italian tale in the manner of Boccaccio.” Frau obliterated, and dizziness seizes the reader, as at the beginning Riccarda Huch's “Seifenblasen” again shows that of an earthquake.” talented writer to be “a genuine and original roman “The Duel,” a novel by Mr. I. Kuprin, is "a tale of ticist.” Herr Otto Hauser's “ Lucidor der Unglück- military life, representing the emptiness and petti- liche” embodies Goethe's ideal that we should ness of the lives of Russian officers.” A few short fashion life itself into a work of art.” Herr Lud stories and a play by " Maxim Gorky” have not wig Thoma's “ Andreas Vost ” describes a little Ba been particularly successful, and the influence of this varian community with notable vigor and descrip- writer seems to be declining. An extraordinary tive talent. Herr Jakob Wassermann's “Alexander example of the closet drama is “ Tantalus,” by Mr. in Babylon” is a brilliant piece of historical romance Ivanov, which, in the opinion of our critic, the an- which does not, however, realize the full significance cients would certainly have crowned. Lyrical verse of its theme. Dr. Heilborn's general comment on is exemplified by the new volumes of Mr. Balmont, the year's output is put in a sentence of admirable Mr. Block, and Mr. Dobruliobov. truth that might, indeed, be applied to many other Don Rafael Altamira, writing of Spanish lit- countries besides Germany. erature, gives a lengthy list, as usual, of works in “ If I had to characterize the literature of the past year in the fields of serious scholarship. Among these we a few words, I should say that far too many literary fashions, note the varied literature of the Don Quixote ter- which lead only to confusion, are followed, and there is a consequent lack of that naïveté which by the simplest means centenary, including an important address by Señor can shape an inner, personal experience into a work of art.” Menendez y Pelayo, and a posthumous essay by Mr. Valerii Briusov, who writes from Russia, Juan Valera, and many other books of Cervantes begins his report as follows: criticism, biography, philology, and bibliography. “It is impossible to say that literary life in Russia has So much space is taken up by this enumeration that been developed in orthodox fashion during the last twelve little is left for the miscellaneous output of the year. months. The attention of all society has been so much In fiction, there is “ La Quimera,” by Señora Bazán; occupied by the war with Japan and the revolutionary move- “ La Bodega,” by Señor Ibáñez ; “ Aurora Roja,” by ment in the country, that readers were not likely to be in- fluenced by purely literary developments. On the other Señor Baroja ; and three new volumes of “ Episodios hand, current events have had their influence on literature, Nacionales,” by Señor Galdós. In the drama, there if we take that expression in its widest sense.” are new plays by Señor Echegaray and Señor Among the effects of this influence may be noted Galdós, but “ the leading names among the drama- many translations of works upon political subjects, tists are those of the brothers Quintero and of the and the greater freedom of discussion resulting from Catalan Iglesias.” Castilian poetry has recently un- a relaxed censorship of the press. Russian publicists dergone a grave loss in the death of Gabriel y Galán, call this new breath of freedom the " Spring,” and a “young poet whose verses express the very essence it has brought into free circulation such formerly of the Castilian country-side.” 36 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL Swinburne was a profound thinker; what I should like COMMUNICATION. to see would be some specific statement of the exact na- ture of his contribution to thought. What answer does he MR. SWINBURNE'S POETRY. give to the eternal riddles of the World-Sphinx ? Is it a thoughtful, a cheering, or a wholesome answer? What (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) is the nature of the “ethical inspiration ” we are said to The editorial article in your last number, entitled receive from his poetry? He is known as the poet of “A Poet for Poets,” suggests several interesting Liberty,—what has he contributed to the world's thought questions. As I have no especial knowledge of Mr. on the complex question of human freedom ? Has he Swinburne's work, I shall not attempt to answer these added one jot of sober thought to the lyric rhapsodies of questions, but I should be glad of an opportunity to Shelley, or to the blind revolt of Byron ? Has he ever submit some of them to you and to your readers. approached the wisdom of Coleridge's treatment of this You assert in effect that Mr. Swinburne's poetry is subject in the latter's ode on “ France "? Has he, in still grotesquely misunderstood by a “large section of brief, shown himself profounder than the lightest-brained the public," and you imply that this misunderstanding enthusiast or the traditional Irishman who is always is due “to ignorance and prejudice.” You complain “agin the government”? that he is misjudged because “sound and fury, debased I believe that an answer to these questions would be sensualism, and vacuity of thought are honestly sup a real help to many. It would help them to judge of posed by many well-meaning people to be essential the justice of Mr. Coventry Patmore's declaration that attributes of his work." You seek to refute such a view in reading Mr. Swinburne's poetry it is impossible not by referring these “well-meaning people” to certain to feel that there has been some disproportion between poems, which in your opinion show severity of style, or his power of saying things and the things he has to say." idealism, or depth of thought; and you conclude that I should like to see these and kindred questions dis- those who disagree with you have either never read cussed temperately and without recrimination; and I Swinburne's significant work, or that, having read it, should like the discussion to be based on the quality they are impervious to the appeal of pure poetry. and character of Mr. Swinburne's poetry us a whole; Now I may not entirely agree with these “well remembering, on the one hand, that it is easy to under- meaning people,” but I confess that my sympathies go value his great gifts, and that, on the other, it is easy, out towards them. Let us state their case a little more - as Mr. Saintsbury warns us,- to be betrayed into an moderately, and I believe a little more correctly, and “ uncritical admiration" of his work. then ask ourselves if it has not at least an element of HENRY S. PANCOAST. truth, Hartford, Conn., Jan. 11, 1906. Take their contention that Mr. Swinburne's poetry as a whole is lacking in depth, power, and originality of [We print this communication, although it seems thought. It is not a convincing answer to this charge to do no more than repeat the shallow objections to be referred to two poems, which occupy possibly that have been voiced ad nauseam by many other eighteen pages out of the eighteen hundred or two unsympathetic critics. The points it makes are so thousand printed pages of the complete edition of Mr. worn that they have become blunt. To say with Swinburne's poems. Whether these particular poems Professor Woodberry that Mr. Swinburne is “a exhibit depth of thought or not, is beside the mark. In very thoughtful poet” is the exact truth, but it does actual fact it happens that one of the two examples is not mean that he is a poet who has made serious a poor one,-for there is nothing either new or profound in the chief thought of “Hertha." The leading idea original contributions to thought. What poet may in this poem had been already used by Emerson in his be named who has done such a thing? It is not the “ Brahma," and in places Swinburne follows Emerson poet's business to frame formal philosophies. But with surprising closeness. If you contend that “ Her we believe that Mr. Swinburne's work as a whole is tha" is a fine poem, we agree with you most fully; but as weighty, from the intellectual point of view, as if you point to it as a contribution to thought, we reply that of any of his contemporaries. That is, it shows that it is no more a contribution to thought than Her him to have thought clearly and steadily upon quite rick's injunction “Gather ye rosebuds while ye may as many subjects, and to have as definite a body of is an original contribution to philosophy. Again, if opinions, as the best of them. Whether his answer “well-meaning people " complain of an unwholesome, to the “eternal riddles” is a "cheering” one or not feverish, and morbid atmosphere in Mr. Swinburne's is beside the mark. It is also beside the mark to so-called love poems, it does not satisfy them to be told that in one short poem of a different class, « The Pil- censure him for not having approached a given sub- grims,” there is “ austere idealism.” The opposition ject in exactly the temper of some other poet with may, I think, properly ask, in what poem or poems has whom the critic is more in sympathy. It would be Mr. Swinburne written of love not as a delirious pagan easy enough to give the lists of poems and passages but as a high-minded gentleman, as Dante wrote of it which our correspondent calls for, if our present in the “Vita Nuova,” or Shakespeare in Sonnet CXVI., space permitted. In naming one or two poems as as Wordsworth wrote of it at rare moments, or Brown- typical, we by no means implied that there were not ing, or Tennyson, or Burns ? others of equal significance. And we regret to notice Permit me to make one suggestion in conclusion. There is a very simple way of meeting the charge that the evidences of unconscious prejudice (“delirious Mr. Swinburne's poetry is greater in manner than in pagan," "lightest-brained enthusiast," "traditional matter, in melody and in verbal cunning than in any Irishman”) that bear out the writer's admission solid substratum of thought. I have seen in more than that he has "no especial knowledge of Mr. Swin- one recent criticism the unsupported assertion that Mr. burne's work.”— EDR.] 1906.] 37 THE DIAL re- eventful life will help to the better appreciation The New Books. of his book. He is still what many, in defiance of Dr. Osler, will call comparatively young, having AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN IRISH PATRIOT.* been born in 1852. Mallow, Cork County, is Quickness of wit, readiness of resource, his birthplace; there and in its vicinity his buoyancy of disposition, love of fun, warmth youth was passed ; and it was this town that of heart, courage in the face of really appalling first sent him to Parliament, in 1883. Both danger, fortitude in the most trying adversity, father and mother, as well as two brothers and loyalty to friends, generosity to enemies, and a sister, 'died in his early manhood, and the above all an ardent love of country, — these young man was left dependent on such mental and other qualities more or less characteristic equipment as a rather brief attendance at of the impulsive, indomitable Irishman are re Cloyne Diocesan College and Queen's College, vealed in the self-portraiture, or “Recollections,” Cork, together with much miscellaneous read- of Mr. William O'Brien, M.P. With a Celtic ing, had enabled him to secure. The account unwillingness to take over-much thought for the he gives of his earliest schoolmaster, whom he morrow, he spends his money as fast as he earns calls “ Attila,” and of this tyrant's “ heavy box it, as he frankly tells us, but scrupulously avoids bludgeon delicately called the slapper,” debt, and keeps no bank account because there minds one of George MacDonald's vivid picture is nothing to account for. In the words of of Murdoch Malison, known to his trembling Horace, with whose verses he shows himself subjects as “ Murder” Malison, and his dreaded not unfamiliar, he would doubtless say: taws. The literary impulse had early asserted “Prudens futuri temporis exitum itself in our author, and he took to journalism Caliginosa nocte premit deus, as a duck to water. Reporter on the “Cork Ridetque si mortalis ultra Fas trepidat." Daily Herald,” contributor to the “ Freeman's And, in agreement with the same poet, he would Journal,” editor of “United Ireland” and of consistently add the wholesome caution, “ Quod “ The Irish People,” he brought an untiring adest memento componere æquus.” pen to the service of his country, and paid Although these interesting memoirs were for his patriotism by more than two years of completed but six months ago, they bring the imprisonment, first and last. Indeed, he was writer's record down only to 1883, thus leav- prosecuted no fewer than nine times for politi- cal offenses. In 1898 he started a new agra- ing for future publication — or at least such a consummation is to be hoped for — all the rian movement and founded the “ United Irish stirring events of a fierce political and parlia- League.” Of his books, besides the one already mentary struggle since that date, including the named, the best-known are “ Irish Ideas” and imprisonment of 1890, during which was writ- "A Queen of Men.” He has been in Parlia- ten the popular story “When We were Boys.” ment intermittently since 1883, being now, Leaving out of account the vexed question of are not mistaken, Nationalist member for Cork. Home Rule for Ireland, the rights or wrongs To gain an idea of the stern training to of Irish tenants and landlords, and all such which the young patriot-author was subjected, matters of politics as are likely to excite in the take the following picture of family disaster. reader more or less warmth of opposition or The writer was twenty-six at the time to which these records of sickness and death and poverty agreement, one cannot but pronounce the book a human document of unusual interest. Many refer: “I stretched myself on the sofa in the sitting-room, of its details, to be sure, are such as a reader of the only room in the house where there was not some- no deep sympathies on either side of the great body dying or dead, and tried to sleep. One familiar Irish question will omit; and many others are cough was now missing from the chorus. The others of a nature that makes a personal acquaintance still from time to time broke through the silence of the with the Emerald Isle necessary to their vivid house of death, but not in any especially alarming way, and my mother had mercifully fallen into a deep sleep realization and keen enjoyment. But enough But enough after her long watchings. About two hours afterwards I remains of lively adventure, of hardship bravely was awakened from a half-sleep by a particularly violent borne, and of danger cheerfully faced, to make explosion of coughing from the room where my younger the record stimulating and thoroughly entertain- brother was lying. The coughing culminated in an awful ing. Perhaps a brief outline of Mr. O'Brien's hollow sigh, which sounds as distinctly in my memory now, more than a quarter of a century after, as it did on By William O'Brien, M.P. Illustrated. that dreadful night. Then there came a silence, more terrifying a thousand times than the coughing. I would if we RECOLLECTIONS. New York: The Macmillan Co. 38 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL .. have given anything to hear the well-known cough again. the fertile lands which abound in Connaught, was more ... It was too late to give my mother any consolation heavily rented per acre for the miserable mountain by awakening her, and there was always the fear of the patch to which he was banished than the big grazier or effect on my poor sister, whose cough alone now broke gombeen-man, in whose interest he was driven from the stillness, save for an occasional attack of my own. I his own fields, was asked to pay for them. The poorer sat on the bed in the dark, with the dead, until the day landlords held the poorest parts of the country, and the light, which it seemed never would come, and then, as rents were fixed not according to the poverty of the I heard my mother move, went in to warn her not to land or of the tenants who reclaimed it, but according frighten my sister. From that hour the overwhelming to the necessities of the landlord, who did nothing for sadness of human life has never quitted me. If my hair the land except to rack-rent and mortage it.” had not grown white, when I looked in the glass, it was Amid such descriptions of hardship, in which certainly another man, and a sad one, I saw there." the book almost of necessity abounds, it is a As was to be expected, frequent glimpses of welcome relief to meet with the following refer- Parnell are given in Mr. O'Brien's pages, in ence to present better conditions, even though addition to the frontispiece portrait of the man the paragraph is relegated to the subordinate with which the book is provided. A bon mot of position of a footnote : Parnell's is quoted as characteristic of his humor. “ Life has given me few happier reflections than that “ Ireland,” he declared, “ is too small a country Clare Island, which I thus saw for the first time under for a rebellion. There is not enough room to all the terrors of hunger and squalid landlord oppres- run away.” He added that “ Washington saved sion, is now, owing to a train of circumstances of pecu- liar satisfaction to the writer, a happy community of America by running away. If he had been peasant proprietors, free forever from the shadow of fighting in Ireland, he would have been brought famine, landlordism, gunboat, or sheriff. I had the to surrender in six weeks. Nowadays, with the happiness of seeing the steamer, in which the agent and railways, England could sweep the country from sheriff used to invade the island for rent, rotting to Cork to Donegal in six days.” Here are a few pieces on the beach near Mallow Cottage [the author's home], its occupation and that of the sheriff-agent be- passages from Mr. O'Brien’s note-book : ing gone." “Nov. 15th [1878). Routed out at seven this morn- ing to go to Tralee with Parnell and his fiery cross. In a chapter entitled “ A Newspaper's Fight Joined him in the same carriage from Mallow, and had for Life," the author tells of his editing United three hours' astonishingly confidential chat. Coldish Ireland ” from his cell in Kilmainham Jail. An reception in Tralee, but no colder than public feeling extract will give a hint of the peculiar situation. everywhere about everything just now. ... “ It seems never once to have occurred to the Chief “ Nov. 16th. Parnell addressed a rough-and-tumble Secretary that the enemy against whom he was wildly meeting, half farmers, half Fenians, with several tipsy Alinging about his warrants was all the time doing his interrupters and a preliminary alarm that the floor was work from his own jail. My brother-prisoners included giving way. He spoke under cruel difficulties, but fired representatives from every county in the south, east, them all before he sat down. and west of Ireland. They were all allowed to receive “ Nov. 17th. Returned by night-mail, and had end- their local newspapers. . . . My plan was to collect less delightful glimpses of P. and of the real man. from each of the suspects his own local paper, together He has captured me, heart and soul, and is bound to go with their private letters, received by subterranean on capturing. A sweet seriousness au fond, any amount agencies, giving particulars not otherwise attainable. of nervous courage, a delicate reserve, without the In this way my cell was converted into an information smallest suspicion of hauteur; strangest of all, humour; bureau, from which I was able weekly to dispatch many above everything else, simplicity; as quietly at home columns of exciting details, and many columns more of with the girls in Mallow as with his turbulent audience pungent comments, so that the paper, amidst all the in Tralee. We exchanged no end of confidences. As crash and chaos in its editorial rooms, its printing staff, romantic as Lord Edward, but not to be shaken from and its machinery room, became a more formidable foe, prosier methods. In any case a man one could suffer and the object of a stronger public interest than ever. with proudly.” The Ladies' Land League gave Forster an addi- Mr. O'Brien's early investigation of the Irish tional grudge against their body, by drafting a body of landlord system made him painfully familiar sweet girl graduates into United Ireland office to take with the sufferings of the peasantry. the place of the outlawed men; and most unselfishly and valiantly, for several months, they kept its accounts, “What, perhaps, was the most hateful discovery of and supplied some of its most piquant writings, and all was that the poorer the land and the meeker the foiled the police raiders by a thousand ingenious fem- tenant, the more merciless was his rent, and the more inine devices for circulating the paper.” diabolical the oppression practised upon him. In the richer parts of the country, the system bred special Then follows the story of the newspaper's wan- evils of its own; but the Tipperary peasant living on a dering existence, under government interdict, generous soil often paid little more than half the sum appearing now from a London press, a little per acre that was extorted from the small holder of later from one in Liverpool, then emerging Mayo for the acre or two of similar quality which might serenely in Glasgow, next in Manchester, and be found, like an oasis, amidst the rocks and swamps which made up the rest of his holding. . . . A more even for a while being printed in Paris - all cruel circumstance still, the poor western, evicted from much to the bewilderment of the British police. 1906.] 39 THE DIAL > was over. The closing chapter brings Mr. O'Brien’s his from Carcassonne to the Riviera. The author's tory down to his election as member for Mallow. admirable handling of the life and history of the “ The figures," he writes, “ were: O'Brien 161, châteaux of the Loire in his former book “Old Naish 89; which was for Mallow a majority Touraine ” was a sufficient guaranty that Pro- more stupefying than one of thousands would be vençal themes would be treated with scholarship in a modern London constituency.” Of course and sympathy. As he reminds us in the pref- the scene in Mallow, on the announcement of ace, the history of Old Provence has necessitated this glorious issue, was pandemonium let loose; a somewhat different treatment,- and it was late at night before the chairing “Only because I have had towns to deal with instead of of the successful candidate through the town castles, and because I have had far more space to cover, both in territory and in time, than was involved in Mr. O'Brien's book takes rank with Mr. describing the châteaux in the districts of Tours and of Blois. The Seine seems full of commerce and of gov- Justin McCarthy's politico-autobiographic re ernment; the Loire still mirrors the pleasure-palaces of miniscences. While its scope is narrower, its the Valois court upon its golden stream; but the valley vividness is more intense. The author at times of the Rhone has been the highway of the nations, the writes, as it were, with his very heart's blood; path of conquerors, the battle-field of the invader, and its boatmen still call one bank • Empire' and the other and thus writing he cannot fail to command • Kingdom '; though the names have long ago lost all reading PERCY F. BICKNELL. significance in relation either to the east or to the west- ern shore." The whole of the first volume is devoted to the period covering the ancient history of PROVENCE: ITS HISTORY, ART, AND Provence, and including the occupancy of the LITERATURE.* Phoenicians, Greeks, and Romans, who have left traces on the soil of Southeastern France The unfailing charm which exhales from the that are as remarkable, if not so numerous, as Midi of France has never appealed in vain to sen- sitive imaginations. The Province of Rome is but those to be found in Southern Italy. Readers dimly apprehended of the schoolboy mind, reluc- who open the book unprepared by special study tantly following the campaigns of Cæsar; to it, will be surprised, as they turn the pages and Massilia is little more than a feminine noun, and look at the many illustrations, by the abundant Rhodanus a rapid river that had to be crossed proofs of the consideration which this fair prov- by boat or bridge. But should the boy, in ince enjoyed in the days of imperial Rome. We follow Mr. Cook with deepening interest from maturer years, be so fortunate as to visit Pro- vence, he sees it steeped in the light of history which mark the victories of Marius and Cæsar town to town, studying the stately monuments which is half romance, of mediæval song which and the more peaceful glories of Augustus and has found its re-incarnation in the nineteenth century, of architectural monuments conserving is given to the beautiful “ pyramidal” memorial his successors. Among these, especial attention the best traditions of Greece and Rome, and of and arch at St. Remy, and the more imposing a popular pride and hospitality which makes the traveller welcome and leaves him well-informed. but less pleasing arch at Orange. The theatres Aside from the guide-books and other specific of Orange and Arles, built by Greek architects. works of reference, the accounts in English of or under Greek influence, are finely contrasted Provençal history, literature, and art have been with the great amphitheatres at Nîmes and neither very numerous nor comprehensive. Pro- Arles, which, only less capacious than the Colos- fessor Justin H. Smith's “ The Troubadours at seum at Rome, were devoted to the same bloody Home," a scholarly work, was more nearly con- purposes. Of the few remains of Greek sculp- ture in Provence, Mr. Cook discusses with most cerned with the literary annals of Provence than with its architecture or its political history; and detail the two statues of Aphrodite known as Mr. Thomas A. Janvier's delightful papers the Venus of Arles and the Venus of Nîmes. To the former he gives ardent adhesion, and struck too personal and intimate a note to be wide-ranging. These two volumes of Mr. Cook's even makes her the subject of a poem in the “ Old Provence,” however, attempt to acquaint Sapphic manner, prefixed to his first chapter. The last material trace of Greek life in Pro- us with the main events of about fifteen hun- dred years of history in a territory stretching called the « Maison Carrée." As an architect vence is the beautiful temple at Nîmes, absurdly OLD PROVENCE. By Theodore Andrea Cook, M.A., F.S.A. (Mr. Cook is an F.S.A.), the author dwells with In two volumes. Illustrated. New York: Charles Scribner's loving minuteness on the chaste proportions of Sons. 40 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL this little structure, “the greatest treasure of associated with the horrors of the Albigensian classic architecture north of the Alps"; and crusade” (of which Mr. Cook proceeds to give carefully explains for lay readers those various us a lengthy account); and also, that “no ex- . refinements and subtle irregularities which gave cuse is needed for reminding the traveller in vitality to the best Greek architecture, and the Provence that he is within reach of the most absence of which leaves its modern imitations magnificent fortress in Europe, which has been dead. He is probably right, therefore, in his con held in turn by Visigoth, Frank, and French- clusion that “this temple at Nîmes was ordered man, and is now restored, by a very miracle of by Romans who had definite ideas about the tasteful knowledge, to all the primitive splendor plan they considered appropriate, but it was set of its rugged beauty, its isolated strength, its up by an architect of the Augustan age who marvellously complex architecture.” knew how to give the best effect to his work." Avignon and its Popes, who divided with Of strictly Roman works, we are called upon Rome the homage of Christendom during the to admire, above arches and amphitheatres, the fourteenth century, are given a full and com- superb aqueduct near Nîmes known as the Pont prehensive chapter ; and it is only a pity that du Gard, which Mr. Cook calls the finest Roman Mr. Cook found himself compelled, for lack of aqueduct, not only of Provence, but of the space as he says, to cut short his description of world. He adds : beautiful Villeneuve. We could have better “ The three tiers of arches, as Fergusson points out, spared a Pope or two in order to have justice produce the same effect as an entablature and cornice done to this fascinating old town, separated upon a long range of columns, with the additional and from Avignon only by the blue rushing of the stupendous feature that the whole structure spreads out wider and wider as it rises in height from its founda- Rhone.” arrowy tion. The full beauty of the work is therefore only Mr. Cook does full justice to Provençal lit- appreciable from a little distance down the valley, erature and to its modern revival in the Féli- where the sloping hills above the stream add their sup- bres; and quotes plentifully from Mistral, porting lines to a picture which combines the majesty Aubanel, Roumanille, and the rest, generally of nature with the daring skill of man. From here you realize how the Romans converted a merely utilitarian with subjoined translations. From the “ gay structure into an architectural screen of unrivalled science " he selects and tells the stories of Clém- beauty without the introduction of a single ornament ence and of Aucassin and Nicollete. Good King or a single useless feature. . . By such buildings as René and his court close the picture ; this did the Romans acquire the constructive skill and magnificence of proportion which enabled them fear- honest politician, his material successes were lessly to plan buildings so vast in size, and to vault not so great as those obtained by more unscru- spaces so huge, that the impress of their maker's power pulous players in the game of kings. His claim has lasted while the rock on which they built them has upon posterity lies rather upon artistic and intel- endured.” lectual grounds; upon the serenity he showed If we have lingered on the architectural por- in evil fortune; the dignity with which he faced tions of the first volume, it is because they are defeat; the constancy with which he died, at distinctly the most attractive. Mr. Cook has Aix, July 10, 1480, still in possession of his felt it his duty to give much historical matter, titles of inheritance and knowing that he pos- from Hannibal to Augustus, that can be found sessed them for the good of France." in the books, and might have been condensed We gladly go with Mr. Cook on a little jour- with no loss of interest and some gain in clear ney to the beautiful valley of Vaucluse, immor- ness. Taken as a whole, however, the volume is talized by its memories of a valuable contribution to the literature of the “Lovely Laura in her light green dress, subject; and being separately indexed, it may And faithful Petrarch gloriously crowned." profitably be used by itself, without reference He contends, against received accounts, that to the second volume; to which we must now Laura did not meet Petrarch first in a church devote a few words. at Avignon, that she never married, and that It treats of mediæval Provence down to its she died of a chill instead of the plague. absorption into France in the year 1481; and The book is well printed ; though an obvious contains an interesting chapter on the three slip on page 17 of volume II. makes " favoured" great fortresses of the South, - Les Baux, Car- out of “ fevered.” More than a guide-book, and cassonne, and Aigues Mortes. The reason for less, it is one of those aids to travel which, like including Carcassonne, which is not strictly Mr. Crawford's “ Rulers of the South,” should within the geographical limits of Provence, is lie by the side of Baedeker in even the smallest that “its most heroic history is inextricably steamer trunk. JOSIAH RENICK SMITH. as an 1906.] 41 THE DIAL Revolt of the Netherlands, and other minor A RE-VALUATION OF SCHILLER.* historical works, were merely the by-products During the year just closed, the hundredth of a mind that recognized in the drama its task anniversary of the death of Friedrich Schiller of prime importance. The remarkable fascina- brought an almost embarrassing wealth of tion exerted upon the reader by these secondary portraits, biographies, estimates, and apprecia- works of Schiller's pen is due to his wonderful tions of the great German dramatist, forming power of distinct visualization and to the imagi- an eloquent international expression of his far nation of the born dramatist, that transforms reaching influence as man and poet. While the epic past into the dramatic present. the majority of these publications are mainly Professor Kühnemann's clear perception of re-statements, in varying form, of a sort of these facts leads him to a method of presentation standard judgment as to the poet's position in that is equally just to the poet and attractive to literature, Professor Kühnemann's book merits the reader. The salient features of Schiller's attention as a genuine attempt to contribute to outer life-experience are given simply and ade- a re-valuation of Schiller for our own time. He quately in a sequence dictated by the course of sets himself a definite task of interpretation, the poet's dramatic career. The central sub- unmixed with attempts to solve any questions ject of the first hundred pages of the book is of chronological detail, derivation, or literary Schiller's earliest drama, Die Räuber. All relationship. Not that he ignores such matters, the suggestive discussion devoted to the poet's as unworthy of consideration ; but he assumes family, childhood, and school and academy ex- that all such questions, having any vital signifi- perience, is so shaped and timed as to stand in cance for his work, have already been satis vital relation to the later consideration of the factorily answered. This elimination of much play. In the school compositions, philosophical irrelevant discussion greatly simplifies and in- and scientific, as also in the letters of the young tensifies the total impression of the book. poet, our author finds proof of an innate mental The central feature that unifies the author's tendency to proceed from large generalizations discussion is the prevailing attention focused to their concrete application. This was doubt- from first to last upon Schiller the dramatist. less strengthened by the whole trend of the Professor Kühneman recognizes, more clearly Karlsschule toward philosophical speculation than do most critics, the essential peculiarity of and didacticism, in place of scientific experimen- the poet's genius. Even in the lyrics of the tation and the development of individuality in Anthology of 1782, the occasional use of dia the learner. It accepts as final truth a tradi- logue, as in Hektor's Abschied, reveals the tional system of ethics, and behind this an antithetical and dramatic trend of Schiller's equally traditional philosophy of the world. As mind. The same capacity for perceiving ideas a kind of reaction against the prevailing doc- and relations spatially, and in conflict with trine of his teachers, we may regard Schiller's each other, made for Schiller the ballad-year, over-emphasis on the material and the sensual, 1798, so signally successful. For the ballad is as the impelling force in human life, shown in at its best when saturated with the spirit of the his medical dissertations. In this he anticipates drama. Schiller's studies in the fields of history the cynicism of Franz Moor in the Räuber. and philosophy were consciously undertaken as The Räuber is the most striking illustration a means to supply the dramatist with a solid conceivable of the tendency of the poet to proceed substratum of definite knowledge. He saw in mentally from the abstract to the concrete. All his own ignorance of life, present and past, the efforts to portray human society and to reflect cause of a radical weakness of all his early the world of reality are strictly subordinated to dramas. These were almost exclusively the the tragic conflict between human will and the product of an exceptionally vivid imagination moral law of the universe. Schiller saw this nourished by its own fancies. Instead of taking conflict in large outline, without confusion of his cue longer from the spider, which spins her detail ; and he succeeded, in spite of his igno- web out of her own body, Schiller began to rance of dramatic technique and of real life, in imitate the bee, which makes honey out of the giving us an impressive picture of his vision. raw material furnished by the most widely Franz Moor, the blasphemous scoffer and de- divergent flowers imaginable. The History nier, and Karl, the incensed and presumptuous of the Thirty Years' War, the History of the reformer, who arrogates to himself the office of Providence, each meet characteristic defeat *SCHILLER. Von Eugen Kühnemann. München: C. H. Becksche Verlags-Buchhandlung, at the hands of the moral constitution of 42 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL things. God is thus vindicated, and is, as Pro- ment, with a corresponding drop in pitch and fessor Kühnemann says, the real hero of the intensity. play. The Titanic revolt and its dreadful While Karl Moor's outraged sense of right consequences are conceived by Schiller with and justice is the mainspring of his action, such vividness and intensity as to render the Fiesko’s love of freedom is so largely mingled Räuber, in spite of a plot of inconsistencies, with mere passion for glory and worldly ambi- contradictions, and absurdities, the most re tion as to render him almost unworthy of tragic markable first attempt of any dramatist in the pity. The action of the Räuber is pushed to world's history. The sins of the time, the va a point where the moral order of the universe garies in its philosophy of life, its social and stands revealed triumphant in the opposite poles political crimes, are, as our author points out, of humanity, represented by the brothers Moor. the objects upon which Schiller turns the Thus the disturbed equilibrium is restored. searchlight of his various characters. Unlike The fall of Fiesko, and the continuance of the Shakespeare and Hebbel, who portray the psy old régime under Andreas Doria, offer by com- chological steps by which an individual deviates parison but a feeble solution of the problem. A from the narrow course that alone insures hap- reason for this deterioration, Professor Kühne- piness and continued existence, Schiller sees mann finds in Schiller's fatuous belief that a men in masses and universalizes their relation to realistic picture of a conspiracy, prompted by the fixed laws of the universe as he conceives it. love of republican freedom, must necessarily be Professor Kühnemann presents a close and quite as significant as the imaginative picture of suggestive analysis of the play, and continues the Räuber. with adequate attention to its inner and outer Professor Kühnemann emphasizes the success history and to its literary congeners among the of the poet in giving to the motley forms and poet's predecessors and contemporaries. In tendencies of his picture of social life unity and approximately two hundred pages, he then fol the semblance of reality. But he also shows the lows the development of Schiller's art, from unnaturally political bias of all these representa- his flight from the Karlsschule to his first tives of republican freedom. "They feel and residence in Weimar. Three dramas are the act not as natural but as political human be- central subject of this part of the work. The ings.” They are too often but incarnations of author's sketch of the distressing and cheering an abstract idea. Schiller does not yet succeed elements of the poet's life in Stuttgart, Oggers- in creating convincing characters, capable of heim, Bauerbach, Mannheim, Leipzig, and acting like real men and women of flesh and Dresden, prefaces his consideration of Fiesko, blood, and also of embodying his poetic inten- Kabale und Liebe, and Don Carlos. Due tion. He too frequently permits them to sub- weight is given to the influence of persecution, stitute for the views and expressions natural to disappointment, ill-health, friendship, love, and them either their author's comment upon them popular success, upon shaping the mind and or high-keyed declamation of the abstract ideas work of the dramatist. of their creator. Fiesko was conceived almost simultaneously Schiller's next drama, Kabale und Liebe, with Die Räuber, and hence is the fruit of a illustrates his power of discerning the sources similar psychological process. Yet our critic of his previous success and failure, and of apply- calls attention to several striking differences ing this knowledge to a new problem. After his between these works. Die Räuber deals with doubtful experiment with Genoese history, he contemporary life, and is nevertheless, in point returned, in his third venture, to his own con- of landscape, society, and individual portraits, temporaneous country. German society as then almost wholly a work of the free imagination. constituted, with its class distinctions and class Fiesko is based upon the life of the past ; and prejudices, and with its clash of class with class, yet in it the poet has taken conscious pains to is the source of the tragedy in this work. The present a convincing picture of reality. The conflict between the natural right of a man to spirit of protest, so potent a factor in the texture love according to the promptings of his own of the Räuber, yields here to an elaborate por-heart, on the one hand, and the world of social trayal of society and the world. To match the convention and prescription on the other, is the gigantic protest embodied in the fantastic rob occasion of the action. So we have here, as in bers and their symbolic day of judgment, Fiesko the Räuber, a mighty spirit of protest, justified presents the idea of republican freedom. A by notorious social abuses. As our critic says, if coup d'état takes the place of the day of judg- the poet's premise of the natural right to follow 1906.] 43 THE DIAL men the lead of the heart in love is admitted, then In Don Carlos, Schiller succeeds for the first the society he depicts stands convicted of crime. time in dramatizing history. He sees the con- Professor Kühnemann praises the choice of sub fiict between the cause of humanity and the ject, the effective introduction, with its realistic Spanish Inquisition in the serene confidence of picture of the Miller family, the compact and his new belief in the invincible power of good well-balanced structure of the drama, and the over evil. He no longer protests as a social full-rounded and dignified characters of Luise pessimist. He acknowledges the necess.vy of and Ferdinand in the second half of the action. reckoning with historical conditions and their But he clearly sees the weaknesses of the play. upholders, as inevitable facts of life. They Preponderance of theatrical instinct over clear may be bad; in that case they can and must poetic vision occasionally produces exigencies of eventually be changed. They may not yield the intrigue quite incompatible with the character without many a tragic sacrifice of the hopes, of the men and women involved. The intrigue, aspirations, and lives of good men. And this by remaining in the foreground, deploying its fills the beholder not with the spirit of revolt, ugliness, and precipitating the conflict during but with compassion and tragic pity. Save for the first half of the action, condemns Luise and a few lapses into his old manner, Schiller draws Ferdinand to passive rôles, in which they fail to the representatives of the Inquisition with as show any personality whatever. Moreover the impartial a distribution of light and shadow as persons of the intrigue are a pliant coxcomb and he does the Prince and Posa. They are all live two unmitigated scoundrels. The running satire some of them even great men. This is of the poet through their words makes clear that striking proof of the increasing ripeness of the they are deliberately without conscience, ruth-poet's views of life and art. less, and wicked. They might be otherwise, if Our author takes exception to a widespread they would. Hence they do not belong to the current view that does Schiller a double injus- world of real men, whose virtues and vices are tice. This is the identification of Don Carlos the necessary product of the natural law of their with the high-water mark of the poet's dramatic being. We miss, therefore, in their conflict with art, and a misconception of that humanity which the children of light, that element of the inev is here the object of his enthusiasm and his itable inseparable from the highest form of trag- pathos. For, great as is the superiority of this edy. The whole remains rather a lyric cry of drama over the earlier group of his tragedies, intense indignation against wanton oppression. the gulf that separates Don Carlos from the In his interesting sketch of the position of creations of his full maturity is still greater. Schiller's Kabale und Liebe in the history of And the humanity which is the especial care occidental middle-class drama, from Richardson and inspiration of the Prince and his friend is through Rousseau, Lessing, etc., to Hebbel, no mere abstraction, as is commonly supposed. Ibsen, and Gerhard Hauptmann, our author It means the power and originality of the per- emphasizes the unique relation of Hebbel to sonal life, that maintains itself and is operative Schiller. Thc tragic element of middle-class against all benumbing and deadening forms and life, as conceived by Schiller, is not inherent in traditions. It means the right to one's self, the the life of the class as such, but hinges rather freedom of the children of God in their creative upon the accidental and temporal relation of enjoyment of the fulness of existence. class to class in the society and state of his own Professor Kühnemann devotes about two day; whereas Hebbel shows, in his Maria Mag- hundred pages to the period between Schiller's dalena (1844), that the narrow relations of first residence in Weimar and the completion middle-class life produce inevitably a narrow of Wallenstein, and the remainder of the book horizoned and strait-laced ethical consciousness (something over a hundred pages) to the closing and sense of honor, which is at once the highest years of the poet's life. years of the poet's life. The well-known outer spiritual manifestation of this range of human facts of his experience in Weimar and Jena, his life, and, by its stern severity of judgment, the love, friendships, and domestic life, his studies in source of intense tragic conflicts. history, philosophy, and the Greek drama, his What Professor Kühnemann says of Don professorship, his journalistic activity, his his- Carlos of its genesis, its original conception torical essays and philosophical poems, and his and the completed work, the three dramas ballads, receive adequate attention in a natural within the drama, the Eboli scenes, and the sequence that is chiefly chronological. In an catastrophe -- is all well worth while. We can important sense, all these elements stand in a mention here but two points of his discussion. causal relation with that degree of maturity 44 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL reflected in his later dramas. Through the midable of all, perhaps, for Schiller's art was study of history, philosophy, and the Greek the cold intellectuality, the hard-lined calcula- stage, he came into touch with the master-mind ting nature, of Wallenstein himself. All the of Goethe and made possible that give-and-take heroes of Schiller's previous dramas are idealists friendship which proved so stimulating and help- of one sort and another. In Wallenstein he ful to both men. The earnest effort of Schiller recognizes the realist, a representative of a class to define to himself the difference between the to which the world belongs. This man must natural working of his own mind and that of never appear really noble, and in no act of the Goethe proved the occasion not only of the first play really great or full of dignity. Under the real introduction of the friends to each other, stress of necessity, he must try with shrewdness but also of suggestive critical studies, em to hold his ground, but always without sacri- bodied in the essay of 1795, upon Naive und ficing himself for the sake of lofty ideas. To Sentimentalische Dichtung. Schiller's obli- effect the tragic shock, and awaken tragic pity gation to Goethe is generally emphasized by the through such a character, was the new task for critics ; they sometimes overlook, or at any rate Schiller's art. His complaint to Goethe, in the fail to mention, the great obligation of Goethe letter of November 28, 1796, that destiny, in to Schiller during the eleven years of their joint the proper sense of the word, still had too little, activity. Professor Kühnemann is explicit upon and Wallenstein's own error too much, to do both points. He says that Schiller was brought with his misfortune, has often been misunder- by Goethe into a new relation to things, -a stood. Critics have quoted it to support weird new relation to reality, — and that Goethe was theories as to Schiller's idea of destiny. What enlightened by Schiller as to the wealth of his he evidently meant, as Professor Kühnemann own ideas. Goethe's service consisted simply shows, was the need of substituting for the in meeting Schiller familiarly and giving him a accidental clumsiness of the individual man chance to comprehend and appropriate his habit the lofty, inner, unavoidable necessity of a life of looking at things objectively and securing governed by fixed laws. Schiller's aim in this concrete mental pictures of the world and of drama is to present, in place of the splendor of human life. Schiller stimulated Goethe to re- eloquent details, a convincing picture of human newed poetic activity, called his attention to life; and in place of self-intoxication in soaring omissions of argument or to theses that needed rhetoric, the tonic of simple concrete truth. His more careful elucidation, and made him aware method is based consciously upon observation of of the unnoticed bearing of some earlier thought. Sophocles's King Edipus. He himself calls it And to the spur of Schiller's encouragement and the method of tragic analysis. It consists in constructive criticism we owe the completion of confining the visible action of the tragedy to an the First Part of Faust. unfolding of the consequences of previous acts Wallenstein marks the beginning of a new and occurrences. period of dramatic activity in Schiller. It is . In Wallenstein's Lager we have sharply essentially different from all of the poet's earlier individualized groups of characteristic soldiery, tragedies and from all previous productions suggesting, in all its fulness of life, color, and of German literature. Professor Kühnemann movement, the army. These jolly or quarrel. speaks at length of the wealth of intellectual and some, gambling, dancing, flirting, and carousing emotional experience that immediately preceded soldiers and hangers-on all appear in the per- and accompanied the genesis of this work. He spective of the mass to which they belong. mentions the various interruptions and changes The order of their appearance is chosen with of plan, many of which are reflected in the consummate skill, so as to give the semblance drama itself, and in Schiller's correspondence of reality. For the whole motley army of poly- from January 12, 1791, to March 17, 1799. glot troops, the as yet invisible commander-in- He emphasizes the fundamental difficulties in chief is the vicegerent of God on earth. Against herent in the material—the embarrassing wealth their enthusiasm for him not even the fanatical of facts to be communicated; the various inde- preaching of the dull servants of the church is pendent political plans of Illo, Questenberg, of any avail. It is a vivid genre picture, rival- Oktavio, Buttler, and many others, to be coördi- ing the best work of the old Dutch masters, nated ; a morally reprehensible undertaking of and furnishing striking proof of the poet's new political ambition to be rendered imposing and skill in objective delineation and in the dramatic attractive, in spite of its physical failure through use of masses of men. His success in this latter Wallenstein's own clumsiness. And, most for- | point is the fruit of an inborn tendency, shown 1906.] 45 THE DIAL in all his earlier plays, under the discipline of in world. What he does seem to imply is that a tensive study of the Greeks and of Shakespeare. world of hard-lined realism and selfish striving, Schiller lays especial stress, in his study of like that of Wallenstein and his circle, whose Wallenstein, upon the elements of history that one-sidedness excludes and crushes the idealists moulded the man. In this, as Professor Kühne- and the beautiful in life, is eo ipso a world of mann urges, he differs radically from Shake- tragic catastrophes. speare. The British poet would have focused We must pass over a wealth of suggestive attention throughout upon the demoniac nature and helpful discussion offered by our author of Wallenstein's mind, — upon the tragedy of in connection with this tragedy, and with the unbridled, self-destructive ambition to rule. The dramas of Maria Stuart, Die Jungfrau von surroundings of the man would have remained Orleans, Die Braut von Messina, Wilhelm the unaccented syllable. Schiller presents sym Tell, and with the important Demetrius frag- bolically, through the general's associates, that ment. The main feature of it all consists in historical environment under the influence of tracing through these diverse materials and which Wallenstein's temperament, self-confi- forms the substance of Schiller's later concep- dence, ambition, and superstition succumb to tion of human life, destiny, and dramatic style. temptation. Illo, Isolani, Buttler, and Oktavio From cover to cover, From cover to cover, the book is fascinatingly Piccolomini, each sharply individualized and written. The author's style is simple, flexible, provided with his own philosophy of life, are and strong, but slightly marred by a few unne- chief among these associates. Each of them is cessary repetitions and infelicities of expression, in a sense a creature of the commander, em that can easily be removed in a second edition. bodying in characteristic fashion the demoniac Its warm appreciation of the peculiarity of principle of Wallenstein's mind. Hence the hero Schiller's genius and intelligent insight into the of the tragedy is a sort of composite total of all essentials of good literature, ancient and mod- these individuals. He is an organic part of that ern, render it a worthy companion-piece to the body of relations and influences, dominated by same author's Herder, and one of the most illu- immutable laws, that is the destiny of man. minating and suggestive books yet written upon His belief in astrology is the symbol of his own the greatest German dramatist. implicit confidence in the absolute necessity of STARR WILLARD CUTTING. things. But it is also a defect in his own nature, blinding him to the approach of his impending doom, that is plainly visible to everyone else. In this he resembles King Edipus ; but while SEA POWER AND THE WAR OF 1812. the Greeks conceived Destiny as a wholly super- human, inscrutable necessity, before which gods Captain Mahan's notable series of naval his- and men must bow, Schiller regards it as the tories is now complete; and if anything were unchanging regularity of the laws of life without needed to establish his position in the foremost and within the individual. Max and Thekla rank of historical writers, his latest contribution to that series 66 Sea Power in its Relations to are the only idealists in the drama. They are bound to Wallenstein by ties of blood and the War of 1812”— would fully supply the affection. They reflect his emotional life, as the demand. Like the companion volumes of " The others reflect his intellect and his ambition. In Influence of Sea Power upon History” and their innocence and disinterestedness, they sym- “ The Influence of Sea Power upon the French bolize the Beautiful in human life. Schiller's Schiller's Revolution and Empire,” this crowning labor is view as to the rightful place of the Beautiful characterized by great philosophic insight and and of Art in life, already expressed in his phil- masterly arrangement of details, but it far sur- osophical writings, is here dramatized. They passes its predecessors in its abundant evidences are also a mirror in which the repulsive selfish- of independent and painstaking investigation. ness and faithlessness of the others, and the Access has been had, as the preface intimates shadow of the approaching Nemesis, are seen. and the footnotes show, to the public records of The transformation of their idyll into an elegy Great Britain, Canada, and the United States, to is part of the tragic catastrophe that over- the published correspondence of various promi- whelms Wallenstein. But Schiller remained an nent men of the period, and to the unpublished idealist to the end of his life, and does not here private papers of Lord Castlereagh. Such a imply, as Professor Kühnemann seems to think, *SEA POWER IN ITS RELATIONS TO THE WAR OF 1812. By that Max and Thekla have no place in the Captain A. T. Mahan. In two volumes. Illustrated. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co. 46 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL mustering of original and contemporary sources government felt somewhat indebted had found a is a sufficient guarantee of inestimable worth, refuge. Naturally enough, all measures having especially when an historian of our author's these things for their object were regarded with type — judicious, conscientious, and withal ac suspicion by the new republic. The provincial- curate — has had the handling of them. ism that had formed a misconception of the pur- The second war with Great Britain occupied pose of the navigation laws was predisposed to less than three years; yet Captain Mahan, pos- designate the taking away of privileges enjoyed sibly because he is dealing with the history of as colonists as a gross subversion of justice. his own country or because he is treading upon Especial praise is due the author for that very familiar ground, has given it a propor- part of his book which deals with the more tionately larger amount of space than he gave immediate causes of the War of 1812; for there his earlier themes. Precisely two-thirds of the he has with his accustomed impartiality placed first volume, or fourteen chapters of the entire the policy and conduct of Great Britain in work, are devoted to a discussion of the com proper perspective. This is a really strong point, mercial complications that underlay the strug- a feature most distinctive. Other writers have gle, one chapter to a description of the theatre usually regarded the irritating events of the of operations and to a general criticism of the period as instances of a lingering tyranny on insufficiency of American resources, twelve the part of the mother country; but Captain chapters to the war itself, and a single chapter Mahan has viewed them in their larger aspect, to a much abbreviated and rather superficial namely, in their relation to the Napoleonic account of the peace negotiations. The material, wars. His treatment of the subject of Impress- except in the case of minor though contributory ment is highly commendable, due weight being details, is not new, indeed much of it was sum given to the many extenuating circumstances. marized by Captain Mahan himself in a series of Great Britain, the constant force of the succes- articles - advance sheets, so to speak - that that sive coalitions, was engaged in a life and death appeared two years ago in “ Scribner's Maga- struggle with despotism. Her navy was her zine"; but the presentation of it is so logical, so great, and almost her only, resource; but the fascinatingly clear and unprejudiced, that the im- service in it was necessarily long and arduous pression conveyed is one of striking originality. and the pay was small. Desertions were ruin- The opening pages of the book have, in great ously frequent ; for across the Atlantic was a degree, the nature and scope of an introduction. new country with all the economic advantages They point out pre-revolutionary experiences of a new country. British sailors, even before and conditions as determining causes of later the Revolution, had manned its ships and knew events, and in this they are extremely interest of its facilities. Furthermore, there an easy ing. British thought with respect to maritime naturalization system prevailed which was con- development presented, from Cromwell's time trary to all recognized principles of national down, a continuity that greatly impressed public allegiance. Nowhere, except in that infant com- opinion. A course of action long and successfully munity, eager for settlers, had it yet been persisted in must perforce be right and just. acknowledged that the power of expatriation Consequently the national consciousness never resides in the individual. Great Britain claimed once swerved from the idea that the navy was the the right to apprehend her own deserters ; but bulwark of imperial power, and that, as it was she never did claim the right to impress Ameri- recruited from the mercantile marine, the growth Cases of mistaken identity were, of the carrying trade must be a first considera- however, very numerous, owing to the fact that tion. The thirteen colonies had already shown the people of the two countries, one in origin, commercial aptitude; in the northeast they had were not yet distinguishable from each other by developed shipping industries ; and now having peculiarities of dress, speech, or manners. Brit- obtained political independence, they were likely ish officers, moreover, greatly annoyed by a dis- to prove formidable competitors in the naviga- graceful traffic in fraudulent certificates of tion of the world. It was necessary to curtail citizenship, were not inclined to take any great their opportunities. It was also necessary to precautions against errors. fill in the gap that their revolution had made in In his strictures upon Jefferson's policy of the empire by developing the resources of other economy, seeming partiality for the French, and transatlantic dominions, particularly of Canada impotent measures of retaliation for national in- and the West Indies, whither the Tories whom sults, Captain Mahan has been justly severe. loyalty had made exiles and to whom the home Realizing that the United States was too much can seamen. 1906.] 47 THE DIAL engrossed in money-making, too much divided disappointed that neither here nor in the October by conflicting sectional interests, and too much number of the 66 American Historical Review" controlled by a peace-loving president to take has Captain Mahan told us much more than we any chances in war, Great Britain adopted with already knew about the influence upon them impunity such measures as would counteract of European conditions. That it was great, we, the evil effects of the Continental System, even although destitute of documentary evidence, feel though well aware that they would react dis- pretty well assured. In no other way can we astrously upon neutrals. The only neutral of adequately explain Great Britain's change of any consequence was the United States, and she front. The United States had practically ac- was scarcely worth considering; for Jefferson's complished little by the war. The one thing gunboat system had effectually prevented the she had set out to do she had failed in ; and growth of a regular navy. She might protest, Great Britain, relieved from embarrassment by but her protests were bound to be mere bluster. the downfall of Napoleon, was at first inclined The wonder to us now is, that she could have to exact a humiliating peace. To what extent so steadily drifted towards war and have made the attitude of the other Allied Powers or the absolutely no preparation for it. Her embargo transactions of the Congress of Vienna com- and non-intercourse laws failed of their object pelled concessions is matter for conjecture. and operated against herself. Nothing could In point of literary merit, Captain Mahan's have been more to the purpose of Napoleon latest extended production needs little comment. than the American declaration of war in 1812. An occasional awkward or incomplete sentence Craft and subtlety had done their work. The occurs, but we notice this fact only because we pity of it all was that the United States, griev- dislike to see even so slight a blemish upon a ously injured by both France and Great Britain, style so nearly perfect. The index to the two went to war with the wrong party. She, the volumes is not so good as it might be, but the exponent of liberty, had — let us hope uninten table of contents is remarkably full. The dia- tionally - played completely into the hands of grams and maps are very instructive; the illus- the arch-despot, Napoleon, whose pretended trations, both half-tones and gravures, though revocation of the obnoxious decrees and con few in number, are in keeping with the general temptible ante-dating to avoid a too glaring ex high character of the work; and the half-tone posure of fraud and duplicity are all graphically portraits are all copies of authentic likenesses, narrated by Captain Mahan. some of them from paintings by Gilbert Stuart. It has been traditional in American history ANNA HELOISE ABEL. to consider the War of 1812 as a signal success for the aggrieved party. Opinions to the con- trary, although held by all first-class historians and supported by the best of evidence, have THE GREATEST OF MODERN GARDENERS.* never reached the masses. There was no organ In New Creations in Plant Life” Mr. W. S. ized warfare on the ocean, but the brilliancy of Harwood gives us a very complete account of the that on the Great Lakes and of single ship life and work of Mr. Luther Burbank, the famous actions at sea has almost obscured the real dis-gardener and experimenter of Santa Rosa. Mr. asters on land. Upon the history of hostilities Burbank, like many other things in California, proper, Captain Mahan has probably said the has suffered from excess of newspaper publicity last word. No one but a man rich in profes -suffered in all ways, in person, reputation, and sional experience could so ably deal with naval estate. The volume before us should in this exploits. His criticisms of the army equipment respect bring relief: it is sufficiently full, toler- are all well-substantiated, and his narrative ably well written, authentic, and prepared under bears close comparison with Napier's “Peninsu the direction of the gardener himself. lar War.” The sustained effort is, perhaps, not For Mr. Burbank the claim has been often so great, but there is the same skill in dealing made that he is the most remarkable gardener with technicalities, the same dramatic power in that has ever lived. A simple statement of his description. The whole is excellent reading. accomplishments would seem fairly to justify the It is unfortunate that the final chapter of this claim. He has given to the orchards of Cali- really scholarly work is not in itself an impor- fornia some twenty different varieties of plums tant contribution to historical knowledge. We alone, several apples, improved blackberries, had every reason to expect considerable new light upon the negotiations at Ghent, and are trated. New York: The Macmillan Co. NEW CREATIONS IN PLANT LIFE. By W. S. Harwood. Illus- 48 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL 66 raspberries, etc., besides several fruits which by cross-breeding ; do the supporters of Mendel are to be reckoned wholly new, as the primus- affirm the law of probabilities in the outcome of berry, formed by uniting the raspberry and a cross?—the Santa Rosa gardens seem to show the blackberry; the plumcot, a combination of an indiscriminate breaking up of all established apricot and plum ; and the pomato, resultant characteristics of either species, as if in reversion from the union of the potato and tomato plants. to all the indefinite variations of the long history Mr. Harwood's praise of these things, and his of the past. eulogy of their creator, will strike some readers In the conduct of his experiments during as excessive, and raise the suspicion that he also these later years, Mr. Burbank has largely is a Californian. It should be remembered, consumed his own resources accumulated during also, that Mr. Burbank's triumphs are in kind long service as a professional nurseryman. For- hardly to be reckoned as new; they are exactly tunately, however, for both science and hor- in line with the work of all gardeners in all the ticulture, the Carnegie Foundation for the centuries. Shakespeare teaches Perdita to promotion of research has lately come to his marry assistance, and experimentation may now go A gentler scion to the wildest stock, forward unhindered by embarrassment of any And make conceive a bark of baser kind By bud of nobler race." financial sort. And Pliny tells us how, two thousand years Mr. Harwood is evidently not a man of sci- ago, men“ in Grenada began to graft plums on ence, but his book, filled with apt and beautiful apples, and these brought forth plums called illustrations, will present to the general reader apple-plums ; also others called almond-plums.” a reasonably clear conception of Mr. Burbank's Peach trees have been known on occasion to bear title to fame. Here one may read of spineless apricots, and apricot trees to bear peaches; and cacti and pitless prunes, of never-fading flowers, this without anybody's suggestion. In fact, and trees that rise in stature like those that whence come all our cultivated grains and grow in dreams. The volume is handsomely fruits ? Do these not represent the wise selec- printed, and typographical and other errata are tion and careful culture of scores of unknown unusually few. THOMAS H. MACBRIDE. gardeners all down along our ancestral way? Mr. Burbank's methods are not new, and to all the gardeners of the past is he indebted for the materials on which he has wrought his BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. shining work. The difference lies chiefly in the Readers of Philippine literature have fact that our latest artist has carried his work so doubtless anticipated a piece of au- much further, and into unexpected fields; that he the Philippines. thoritative work in Professor F. W. experiments so much more widely, and on such Atkinson's book “The Philippine Islands ” (Ginn a tremendous scale. Darwin called all this sort & Co.). Mr. Atkinson has had the best of oppor- of work artificial, as opposed to natural, selec- tunities for observation. He was the first General tion ; Mr. Burbank simply applies artificial selec- Superintendent of Education in the Philippines ; tion to hundreds of thousands of plants at one and in the performance of his duties he was called time, and then, by grafting, goes on to attain upon to travel in almost every part of the Archipel- results much more speedily than has hitherto ago. In this way he was enabled to observe actual conditions at first-hand, while through his official been done. position he was brought into direct contact with Mr. Burbank's work has been of the highest many American officers and native leaders who economic importance ; he has contributed largely knew of what they spoke. Mr. Atkinson's book, to the wealth of his adopted State. But a great however, covers ground already made familiar by deal of his experimentation has had no com the reports of the Philippine Commission, while it mercial end in view ; he has been, in so far, a fails to touch upon those problems which are to-day true investigator, seeking a better knowledge of central in the islands. Of a total of 412 pages, the the wondrous processes of the natural world. author devotes about 100 to ancient Philippine his- Much of his work, accordingly, has scientific tory and geography. Some 22 pages are then given value. His successes and failures alike confirm to the history of the period 1896–1905, but of these only about four pages (eliminating illustrations, and or confute our accepted biologic theories. Does counting only actual type) describe matters relating DeVries argue that species take origin in muta- to the American occupation. About 200 pages are tions, sudden departures from some supposed occupied with climate, questions of public health, established type?-Mr. Burbank will show him a racial peculiarities, religion, etc., after which there thousand strange variations, mutations, effected are 35 pages of routine description of our govern- Still another volume about 1906.] 49 THE DIAL ment. The remainder of the book about 40 pages indelicate rather than dishonorable, while his life as deals with Education. This latter section is by a whole was actuated by real public spirit. The far the most valuable portion of the work, for here author takes up Mr. Blaine's public life from his the writer has apparently felt at liberty to speak assumption of the editorship of the “ Kennebec with somewhat less restraint than elsewhere, and to Journal” in 1854, at the age of twenty-four, and give expression to his own views. It is not an en follows it through its various phases, local and tirely hopeful outlook that he presents. He admits national. But two other Americans have won such the lack of efficient native teachers, practically hearty personal allegiance to themselves and their concedes that the American teachers who were fortunes as did Mr. Blaine, and been the objects of first engaged were selected under conditions which such personal devotion. The “Plumed Knight,” as made it hard to get the best results, and grants that he was called by his enthusiastic followers, was for industrial education has not been advanced to the some fifteen years perhaps the foremost leader of the point that insular interests require. However, he Republican party. He was a political leader of un- defends the policy of introducing English as a lan rivalled skill in attack and defense, a real statesman guage of instruction, and maintains that the natives in some of his conceptions, a forcible speaker and a are anxious to learn it, although the reasons assigned remarkable debater. He has in addition left behind are chiefly the desire to hold office and to acquire him one historical work of great value. With all his the social position resulting from its use. In addi successes, there were failures as great; with his re- tion, he favors the introduction of the language as markable popularity, he encountered opposition such a means of terminating the intellectual isolation of as almost no other public man has met. His career the Philippines. The book as a whole, especially is well termed dramatic in its nature and develop- in its earlier portions, gives the impression of having ment, and the present biographer has brought out often been read before, and follows with minute skilfully its dramatic elements. Perhaps Mr. Blaine's care the official view at almost every point. Even largest title to lasting fame lies in his work as Secre- the illustrations are the stock photographs which tary of State. He led the way from the traditional appear in all Philippine reports. Mr. Atkinson, how policy of isolation toward a new position of the ever, is not wholly able to maintain the optimistic United States in the affairs of the world, - an im- attitude. In his conclusion, he points out that the perialist before the imperialism of these later days civil government is still retarded by ladronism, was even thought of. At that time his policy was while economic conditions have been greatly im- criticised by the average conservative citizen as paired and "unexpected weakness of character” dangerous, though we have now actually gone much among some of the administrative officers has been further in the direction that Mr. Blaine merely a drawback to political confidence and advance dreamed of; but he was the pioneer in the change, ment. In spite of all this, Mr. Atkinson maintains and in this and other ways he influenced the general in his closing paragraph that “the outlook is bright tendency of the political thought of his countrymen. for the Filipinos,” though on what the observation When a President of the United is based does not fully appear from the book itself. President Roosevelt States presents for public inspection There are few men whose life-story A famous a book written by himself, the read- Republican presents more of striking contrasts ing world may be expected to open it with keen and of the elements that lend interest curiosity, whatever the subject which it treats. to the telling than does that of James G. Blaine ; and President Roosevelt's latest work, “Outdoor Pas- it very appropriately opens the new series of “Ameri times of an American Hunter” (Scribner) is mainly can Statesmen” (Houghton, Miffin & Co.). The au a compilation of magazine articles and monographs thor, Mr. Edward Stanwood, who had already won which have appeared from time to time upon one recognition for his editorial and historical work, does of his favorite topics, American wild game and the not approach his work as an academic task; he pursuit and study thereof. Of the eleven chapters frankly states that he was an intimate personal friend that make up the book, two - "A Colorado Bear- of Mr. Blaine, and that he writes as one who believed Hunt” and “Wolf-Coursing” relate his experi- in him and followed him. But he has shown so ences upon his outing last Spring; the one entitled evident a desire to be fair in his discussion of the “With the Cougar Hounds” details his adventures various bitter controversies that were waged around during his previous Colorado hunting-trip, in 1901 ; his chief, that we follow him with interest and in “Wilderness Reserves ” is devoted largely to the the main with acceptance of his positions. It may Yellowstone outing. These four chapters are com- not be out of place to say that the writer of this paratively new; the concluding chapter, “ At Home," notice was one of those who left his party rather is quite so. The other chapters, aside from the one than vote for Mr. Blaine, believing him to be an entitled “ Books on Big Game,” have been in circu- unfit man for the presidency; but that he is now con lation some time as monographs upon the deer fam- vinced that Mr. Blaine was charged with far more ily, but have been considerably revised for the than he should have been charged with, and that purposes of the present volume. Mr. Roosevelt's the worst that can fairly be said of him is that his style is, as usual, practical and prosaic, almost un- conduct in the financial transactions laid to him was imaginative. But the volume is well-nigh cyclo- as a hunter, statesman. 50 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL pædic upon the ground it covers. The author and of showing this incomparable writer to the best gathers large stores of information, and does not advantage, - that is to say, at Versailles, among jump at conclusions. He is scrupulous as to the the persons he commented upon with such delight- accuracy of the smallest details, paying as much at ful though occasionally damaging frankness. Prob- tention to ascertaining the correct name of the tiniest ably the most striking part of the whole picture is bird that flits before him as to following the trail of the mechanism of court life and the wonderful eti- the bear or cougar. In giving details of the actual quette which made it run smoothly. Altogether, chase and killing of the mountain lion, he includes this is an entertaining and instructive book, although much interesting matter regarding the habits of this devoid of pretension to profound interpretations of animal and of the bob-cat, the character of the the Age of Louis XIV. country hunted over, and the animal and plant life found there. Frequently throughout the book, and Ripe and mellow are the chapters Memories of our of Mr. Joel Benton's “Persons and especially in his chapter upon the Yellowstone Park, Augustan age. Mr. Roosevelt emphasizes the need for more national Places,” issued in a small illustrated reserves, wherein nature shall be protected and the volume by the Broadway Publishing Co. His extermination of animal life prevented; he urges reminiscences are chiefly of the Augustan age of forcefully that the Grand Canyon of the Colorado American literature. Concord and a few of the be made a national park. The chapter upon “ Books Concord writers receive most prominent mention, on Big Game" will be found valuable to both the and it is plain that the hermit of Walden is a prime sportsman an and the bibliophile. In the final chapter, favorite of his. One is much surprised to learn that, “At Home,” the President gives a genial account with all his admiration for Emerson, whom he early of the out-door life of himself and family at Saga- met in person, and for other New England celebrities, more Hill, their excursions and their pets, and the Mr. Benton had never until two years ago set foot wild creatures of Long Island. The volume is pro- in eastern Massachusetts. Besides memories of a fusely illustrated from photographs, and is dedicated talk with Emerson, whom the author as a youth to the veteran naturalist, John Burroughs. drove thirty miles to hear lecture, the book gives recollections of Horace Greeley, Matthew Arnold, Pictures of There are few places of historic in- C. N. Bovee, and P. T. Barnum, and also chapters court life under terest which demand so much of the on Thoreau, Bryant, and “Some American Hu- Louis XIV. visitor as Versailles. Many travel- morists” of half a century ago. Bostonians will be lers are disappointed at seeing there nothing but an pleased with the compliment paid to Boston man- endless succession of rooms and miles of historical ners, on the street and in the street cars. The paintings. They are unable to look at the château critical essay on Bryant's poetry animadverts gently and the park as the magnificent if somewhat tar- on the predominant "sepulchral” element therein ; nished frame of a vanished picture, the court and but in calling Bryant's style "ponderous” the author government of the old Bourbon monarchy. Bae- has perhaps not chosen the best word. Serious, deker, in a few paragraphs, cannot set them right. often solemn, and even mortuary, it certainly is, but To such persons, Mr. James Eugene Farmer's too exquisitely finished and musical to be exactly “ Versailles and the Court under Louis XIV.” ponderous. A couplet from Tennyson's “Vision of (The Century Co.) offers an opportunity of really Sin ” is given as “Every minute dies a man, every understanding the place. The book will be of even minute one is born," which the essayist incidentally greater interest to many who already know Ver- calls an extreme understatement of the actual fact." sailles, but wish to recall in detail the figures that The true reading, with “moment” for “minute,” is once peopled these empty rooms and corridors. The not open to this criticism. Writing largely of things book is arranged conveniently. The first two parts a part of which he was and nearly all of which he describe the château and the park, giving the his- saw, Mr. Benton can by no means be accused of tory and the use of the principal apartments and producing merely the echo of an echo. promenades. The description is enlivened by anec- dotes of the incidents which rendered each spot Among the eminent lawyers who Addresses from famous. The mixture of information and of enter a lawyer's during the past half-century have taining gossip is uniformly judicious, and as one busy life. honored the bar of New York City passes from room to room, instead of feeling an in by their sterling character and public spirit, few creasing sense of weariness, one's curiosity is piqued, have deserved greater respect than the late Frederic and one wanders on further and further. In the René Coudert, a volume of whose addresses have just third and fourth parts are described the king and been offered to the public by the Messrs. Putnam's the principal personages of his court. Here, as in Sons. Mr. Coudert's way was to do the duty before the earlier portions of the volume, Mr. Farmer has him, and this did not bring it in his scope to lay the enriched his descriptions with long passages from foundations for a place in literature that would last Saint Simon or from other writers of memoirs. after his work in the flesh was done. His addresses The translations of Saint Simon are so well chosen were only occasional incidents in a very busy and that for the ordinary reader they will serve the very useful life, - twenty-one in number during a double purpose of informing him about Louis XIV. period of over a quarter of a century; and five of 1906.] 51 THE DIAL An American admiral of the Civil War. these were delivered in a single year, 1873, in a in American literature if they had come earlier in course before the Catholic Union. We could wish, her career. But, Miss Repplier being known as she then, that the introductory note, signed P. F. (Paul is, and for what she is, the stories of "Marriage Fuller, we presume) had been expanded into some Vows,” “The Game of Love," “In Retreat," and thing like an adequate biography. Mr. Coudert “ Reverend Mother's Feast,” suggesting some of the was a man of broad and deep culture, thoroughly early influences which have led to the creation of acquainted with the literature of France, Spain, and some of our best essays, are of a peculiar and per- Germany, and possessing a lucid, graceful, and effec sonal interest. From their subject, they invite com- tive English style. It will be remembered that he parison with Miss Elizabeth Jordan's "Tales of a was employed as counsel for the United States in the Convent”; but Miss Jordan's stories are more gen- Behring Sea Arbitration, and also in the Venezuela erally human, and better stories, per se,-- although Boundary controversy. He was honored, too, with there is no one of them superior in poetic charm to the offer of a position on the bench of the Supreme the account of the Archbishop's visit as described in Court, but declined the honor. One finds in his “Un Congè sans Cloche.” “ In Our Convent Days addresses constant evidence of his charming per- gains in interest from the fact that besides the real sonality, of which we are told in the introductory Agnes the book contains the experiences of a real note, His was indeed a blithesome spirit, ever Elizabeth, now well known as Mrs. Elizabeth Robins hovering a little above the dulness of our common Pennell. traffic; a kindly heart, ever a little aloof from the Among the early volumes of a new bitterness of daily strife, viewing the failings of his series entitled the “American Crisis fellows through the softening haze of an enduring Biographies ” (Philadelphia : Jacobs sympathy.” & Co.), we find a life of Admiral Farragut, writ- It is Marvell, the conscientious and ten by Mr. John R. Spears. This series of war- A lyrist of the English assiduous member for Hull, rather hero biographies is announced as impartial because Commonwealth. than the poet of the Commonwealth, Southern subjects have been assigned to Southern of whom we think after reading Mr. Birrell's writers and Northern subjects to Northern writers. life of that worthy in the English Men of Let A life of Farragut is scarcely a fair test of this sup- ters” series (Macmillan). Letters are quoted at posed preventive against sectional bias; but it gives length, written by this faithful representative to the author opportunity to describe the services of the his constituents, and very little is said of the poetry distinguished American admiral in a fair and ra- upon which his reputation rests. It is not as if his tional manner. Facts, well authenticated, occupy the literary work were the direct outcome of his politi- space that is usually given to mere eulogy in small cal, for his lyrics, his best work, were written before biographies. Equally praiseworthy is the avoidance he entered the Commons. It is only with reference of discussion of naval controversies. Farragut's ac- to his satires that his political work is important; tion in taking possession of New Orleans by force, but in this book Marvell's politics are treated as of his futile expedition up the Mississippi, and the greater import than his poetry. Some rather gen- dramatic passing of the forts on Mobile Bay, are eral criticism is given in the opening and closing described without attempts at criticism or justifica- chapters, and the reader is then referred to the ex- tion. Numerous maps and plans of battles illustrate cellent and cheap edition in "The Muses' Library the text. The author contributes, as he says, one for the poems themselves ; but no serious apprecia- unknown chapter to history, in that upon the war tion is attempted, either in relation to Marvell's work upon the West India pirates between 1819 and 1823. considered absolutely or with reference to his con- He finds that these pirate ships, which have been temporaries. It would have been worth while to supposed to be French, were in reality predatory treat Marvell with one eye upon the fantastic fol- vessels fitted out in the United States and England lowers of Donne and the other upon the to prey upon Spanish commerce under the flags of ists of the period. In other words, we should have Spanish-American insurgents. In its entirety, this been very glad to have Mr. Birrell's views on the biography of four hundred pages may be classed poetry of Marvell, even if they were merely per- among the best books of its kind. sonal. The series to which the volume belongs is as The Rev. W. J. Dawson is the author Entertaining much critical as biographical, and Marvell is known chapters on of a remarkably readable and intel- to us to-day more as a lyrist than as the Member great novelists. ligent account of “The Makers of for Hull. English Fiction," published by the Fleming H. Miss Agnes Repplier has departed | Revell Co. Revell Co. In a series of twenty chapters he dis- Two girls from her accustomed field of essay cusses the chief English novelists, from Defoe to in a convent. writing long enough to produce Stevenson, adding a few remarks upon American book of charming autobiographical tales, called “In novelists, a brief essay on “Religion in Fiction,” our Convent Days” (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.). It and a concluding survey of the whole subject. is needless to say that these tales, slight as they are The discussion is trenchant, the style pithy, and in form and matter, would hardly have succeeded the judgment pronounced is usually temperate and in making Miss Repplier's name mean what it does sound. An occasional statement may strike us as pure lyr- 52 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL a rhetorical exaggeration, but in the main the criti- NOTES. cism is intelligent and compact. The book is quite as much a history of English fiction (with certain A new biography of Walt Whitman, written by an Englishman, Mr. Henry Bryan Binns, will be published lacunæ ) as it is a series of studies of individual writers, shortly by Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. for the author is careful to indicate connecting links, Mr. J. Churton Collins's “Studies in Poetry and and to follow the development of tendencies. The Criticism," one of the most important critical works of discussion does substantial justice to such authors the season, will be published at an early date by the as George Eliot and Mr. Thomas Hardy, which is a Macmillan Co. pretty fair test of the balance of a critic of Mr. In a recent number of “The Sphere,” Mr. Richard Dawson's profession. We like particularly well the Whiteing has an interesting personal account of the chapters on Kingsley, Reade, and Mr. Meredith, late William Sharp, in which he sets at rest all doubts and wish that we might also have had a chapter on concerning Sharp's identity with the much-discussed Bulwer, who is certainly deserving of one. « Fiona Macleod." Three notable books of biography to be published by Lovers of the Comédie humaine will Ilustrations Messrs. Harper & Brothers during the present year are of the methods find in Mr. Helm's “ Aspects of Bal the Memoirs of Sir Henry Irving, the Autobiography of Balzac. zac” (James Pott & Co.) the occasion of General Lew Wallace, and a volume of Recollections for recalling pleasantly many of the figures that ani of George du Maurier. mate its pages. The grouping of the familiar per Henry Harland, the author of a number of popular sons and events in new combinations cannot fail to novels, died last month in Italy, at the age of forty- suggest some interesting reflections. Mr. Helm has four. He was born in St. Petersburg, educated in America and Italy, and domiciled for the most part in evidently had long and intimate acquaintance with England. Several of his earlier stories appeared under Balzac's people, and when general questions touch- the pseudonym of “Sidney Luska.” ing the great novelist's work and art present them- It is proposed to publish a volume containing a selec- selves to him, his memory provides him at once tion from the letters of John Brown, author of « Rab with a series of pertinent illustrations. Mr. Helm's and his Friends." The editor will be obliged if friends method furnishes us with a number of unpretentious who have letters from Dr. Brown will give him an chats, that commend themselves by intelligence and opportunity of reading them in order to judge of their discrimination, and move in the middle region of suitability for inclusion in the proposed volume. All appreciation between fanatical zeal and grudging communications should be addressed to the writer's recognition. son, Mr. John Brown, 7 Greenhill Place, Edinburgh. A new novel by Henryk Sienkiewicz, his first book of consequence since the year 1900, will be published this month by Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co. “On the Field of Glory” is its title, and the scenes are laid in Poland BRIEFER MENTION. just before the Turkish invasion of 1682–3. As usual, Wonderful doings with soap-bubbles, tops, and kites Mr. Jeremiah Curtin is the translator. Two other nov- are described by Mr. Meredith Nugent in his “ New els to be issued during the month by the same firm are Games and Amusements,” published by Messrs. Double Mr. E. Phillips Oppenheim's “A Maker of History” day, Page & Co. If a boy could really do all these and A. B. Ward's “ The Sage Brush Parson.” things by following the directions given, he might pose “ Hawaiian Yesterdays” is the title of an illustrated as a veritable wizard among his fellows. But our own volume announced for Spring publication by Messrs. boyish recollections prompt us to anticipate for him a A. C. McClurg & Co. The author is Dr. Henry M. fair proportion of failures. However, the book is dis Lyman, a distinguished surgeon of Chicago, whose tinctly novel in the suggestions offered, and is thus a father, David B. Lyman, was a well-known missionary pleasing departure from its type, for most books of this in the Hawaiian Islands in the early half of the past sort are a rehash of their predecessors, and are filled century. The book is a straightforward account of with the time-worn tricks that a modern boy would what a boy saw of life there in those early days, and scorn to occupy his time with. prominent personages he came in contact with. Mr. Francis W. Halsey has done a real service to lit The following are the latest French and German texts erature in reprinting the first American edition (1794) for school use: Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. publish of “Charlotte Temple: A Tale of Truth,” by Mrs. Goethe's “Iphigenie auf Tauris,” edited by Dr. Max Susanna Haswell Rowson. This moving tale of senti Winkler; Hebbel's “ Herodes und Mariamne,” edited by ment has probably had more readers than any other Dr. Edward Stockton Meyer; Herr Sudermann's work of fiction ever printed in this country; it is still · Teja,” edited by Mr. Herbert C. Sanborn; and Herr reprinted in cheap form, and the editor has collected Heyse's “ Die Blinden,” edited by Professors W. H. over a hundred editions. This constant reprinting has Carruth and E. F. Engel. Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co. resulted in a corruption of the text so great that Mr. publish a volume of “ Deutsche Reden,” mostly political Halsey has found, by actual count, 1265 errors in the in theme, edited by Dr. Rudolf Tombo and his son. best current edition. The work belongs to American From the Messrs. Holt we have also “A French Read- literature, both because its scene is laid in this country, er,” edited by Dr. A. Rambeau; and « Les Oberle," and because the author lived in Massachusetts for eight by M. René Bazin, edited by Mr. Charles W. Cabeen. years of her early life, and then, returning later, was Mr. William R. Jenkins publishes “ Choses de France," an actress and a teacher for her last thirty years or a book for reading and conversation, by M. C. Fontaine; more. Mr. Halsey has given his edition a very thorough and “ Historiettes et Poesies Choisies pour les Enfants,” equipment of historical and bibliographical matter. by Mlle. Marie M. Robique. 1906.] 53 THE DIAL The recent award of the Nobel - prize of $40,000 to conditions of his office made him the embodiment of that the Baroness Bertha von Suttner for her famous peace one-man power which is to-day the chief menace of our novel, “ Die Waffen Nieder,” has so renewed popular university life, but pride and arrogant self-seeking were interest in the book that Messrs. McClurg & Co. will so alien to his nature that he did not exercise the power publish at once a new edition of their English transla in an offensive way. He never took the attitude of a tion, bearing the title “Ground Arms!” The great superior being, but deferred readily to the opinions of lesson taught by this impressive argument against war his colleagues, and did not think of embarking upon any was never more pertinent than now, and it is to be important new policy without first gaining the support hoped that in its new form the book will find the widest of the faculty. His example in this respect might pro- American audience. fitably be imitated in other quarters. Messrs. Morang & Co., of Toronto, send us the Besides the adverse criticisms already alluded to, “Speeches and Addresses, Political, Literary, and Re attacks of another kind were constantly made upon him, ligious,” of the Hon. John Charlton, for thirty-two and were met with the same admirable equanimity. The years a member of the Canadian Parliament. They dreadful mistake of giving to the University, by means represent the public utterances of a man whose life has of its charter, a sectarian label, was so minimized in its been a part of the history of Canada, and, in a lesser consequences by the President's broadness of view as to degree, of the history of the United States. Born anbring no practical impairment to the efficiency of the American, Mr. Charlton crossed the boundary many institution. Yet for this he suffered a persistent on- years ago, and has ever since been an element for good slaught from the sectarian bigotry which thought it in the political life of his adopted country. In Parlia intolerable that freedom of opinion should characterize ment, his influence has been chiefly felt in two direc the life of a school thus designated by a theological tions,—the promotion of better trade relations with the trade-mark. But no fact is more evident to those who United States, and the preservation of the sanctity of have known the University intimately than that it has the Sabbath. The speeches he has preserved here suf always stood unswervingly in letter and in spirit for the ficiently show the breadth of his interests, as well as of highest ideal of academic freedom. No theological test his point of view. His literary addresses are mainly was ever applied to teacher or student; no disability was American in theme: Abraham Lincoln, George Wash ever laid upon either by reason of private opinion or ington, David Livingstone, American Humor, and Con public utterance. ditions of Success in Life. It would not be proper to close even so brief a char- acterization as the present without saying a word about WILLIAM RAINEY HARPER. President Harper's last year. During that year he was The death of President Harper, of the University of under sentence of death, and almost constantly the Chicago, on the tenth of this month, came too late to victim of severe physical suffering. Yet this condition, permit of our giving it the attention which would natur which would have disheartened most men, and weak- ally be called for by the scholarly accomplishments and ened the spirit of their labors, served only to arouse the public services of the great educator. Under the him to a renewed determination to accomplish all that circumstances, a few brief remarks must take the place might humanly be accomplished before the light failed. of the more extensive treatment that we would gladly He continued tranquilly at his appointed tasks, and have accorded to his distinguished career. illustrated throughout his remaining days the truth of The work of organization done by President Harper Spinoza's noble saying: “ Homo liber de nulla re minus during the comparatively brief period of his official life quam de morte cogitat.” He thus vindicated the free- . is too patent to need any comment. He created a great dom of his own spirit as he had before championed the university system, in some respects the most compre spirit of academic freedom. Few men have been so hensive in the entire country, kept it in working order, tried, and far fewer have so well borne the test. It is provided for its progressive development as the means safe to say that whoever watched his brave struggle became available, and left it as the lasting monument with the ancient enemy of mankind came to feel, what- of his tireless energy and his arduous devotion to its ever had been felt before, a redoubled admiration for His personality inspired the confidence which the qualities of essential manhood that were then for placed large sums of money at his command, sums the first time fully revealed. which were not solicited by him, as he frequently took pains to declare, but which were offered freely by friends of the institution. The principal, although by LIST OF NEW BOOKS. no means the only, source of this support was of such a nature as to expose both the institution and its executive [The following list, containing 50 titles, includes books head to a great deal of ill-mannered criticism from the received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] public press, and the burden thus unjustly laid upon BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS. President Harper's shoulders was heavier than most The Life of Froude. By Herbert Paul. With photogravure people realized. That he bore it patiently and uncom- portrait, 8vo, gilt top, pp. 454. Charles Scribner's Sons. plainingly, even when it far exceeded the bounds per- $4. net. Louis XIV. and La Grande Mademoiselle, 1652–1693. By missible in legitimate discussion, offers one of the finest Arvède Barine. Authorized English version. Illus., 8vo, illustrations of his character. gilt top, pp. 394. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3. net. Another illustration is offered by the cordial relations William T. Sherman. By Edward Robins. With portrait, which he maintained with his colleagues. Given a 12mo, gilt top, pp. 352. American Crisis Biographies." George W. Jacobs & Co. $1.25 net. giant's power by the confidence of his board of trustees, he knew how tyrannous it would be to use that power HISTORY. like a giant, and thus saved a situation which, as may be The Journeys of LaSalle and his Companions, 1668–1687. As related by himself and his followers. Edited by Isaac seen in the example of certain other institutions and Joslin Cox, Ph.D. In 2 vols., illus., 16mo. "The Trail- executives, might easily have become critical. The Makers." A. S. Barnes & Co. $2. net. cause. 54 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL Nation Builders. By Edgar Mayhew Bacon and Andrew Carpenter Wheeler. 12mo, pp. 196. Eaton & Mains. $1. The Missionary Interpretation of History. By Richard T. Stevenson, Ph.D. 16mo, pp. 105. Jennings & Graham. 35 cts. net. The Methodist Year Book, 1906. Edited by Stephen V.R. Ford. Illus., 12mo, pp. 216. Eaton & Mains. Paper, 25 cts. net. GENERAL LITERATURE. Young Germany. By George Brandes. Large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 411. Main Currents in Nineteenth Century Literature.” Macmillan Co. Wordsworth's Literary Criticism. Edited by Nowell C. Smith. 16mo, gilt top, pp. 260. Oxford University Press. 90 cts. net. Poems and Extracts chosen by William Wordsworth for an Album Presented to Lady Mary Lowther, Christmas, 1819. With portrait, 16mo, gilt top, pp. 106. Oxford University Press. 90 cts. net. The Place of Magic in the Intellectual History of Eu- rope. By Lynn Thorndike, Ph.D. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 110. Columbia University Press. Paper. Children's Letters. Collected by Elizabeth Colson and Anna Gansevoort Chittenden. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 151. Hinds, Noble & Eldredge. $1. NATURE. Animal Snapshots, and How Made. By Silas A. Lottridge. 12mo, pp. 338. Henry Holt & Co. $1.75 net. The Prairie and the Sea. By William A. Quayle. Illus., large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 343. Jennings & Graham. $2. net. Ferns, and How to Grow Them. By G. A. Woolson. Illus.. 12mo, pp. 156. The Garden Library.” Doubleday, Page & Co. $1. net. EDUCATION. National Educational Association: Journal of Proceedings and Addresses of the Forty-Fourth Annual Meeting. 1905. 8vo, pp. 968. Published by the Association. National Educational Association. Reports of the Com- mittees on Salaries, Tenure, and Pensions, on Industrial Education in Schools for Rural Communities, and on Tax- ation as Related to Public Education. Each 8vo. Published by the Association. Paper. Great Pedagogical Essays: Plato to Spencer. Edited by F. V. N. Painter, A.M. 12mo, pp. 426. American Book Co. $1.25. Caesar's Gallic and Civil Wars. Edited by Maurice W. Mather, Ph.D. 12mo, pp. 549. American Book Co. $1.25. Thackeray's Henry Esmond. Edited by Hamilton Byron Moore. With portrait, 16mo, pp. 586. Ginn & Co. 60 cts. First Year in Algebra. By Frederick H. Somerville. 12mo, pp. 208. American Book Co. 60 cts. Elementary Physical Science, for Grammar Schools. By John F. Woodhull, Ph.D. Illus., 12mo, pp. 109. American Book Co. 40 cts. NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. Lives of the English Poets. By Samuel Johnson, LL.D.; edited by George Birkbeck Hill, D.C.L.; with brief memoir of Dr. Birkbeck Hill by his nephew, Harold Spencer Scott, M.A. In 3 vols., large 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. Oxford Univer- sity Press. $10.50 net. The Poetical Works of William Blake. Edited by John Sampson. With facsimiles, 8vo, uncut, pp. 384. Oxford Uni- versity Press. $3.50 net. Letters of Horace Walpole, Fourth Earl of Orford. Edited by Mrs. Paget Toynbee. Vol XVI., Tables and Indices. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 374. Oxford University Press. Letters and Addresses of Thomas Jefferson. Edited by William B. Parker and Jonas Viles. 12mo, pp. 323. New York: Unit Book Publishing Co. 56 cts. net. The Lyrical Poems of William Blake. Text by John Sampson; introduction by Walter Raleigh. With fron- tispiece, 16mo, gilt top, pp. 169. Oxford University Press. 90 cts. net. Milton's Ode on the Morning of Christ's Nativity. With introduction by Glen Levin Swiggett. 16mo, uncut, pp. 32. The University Press of Sewanee, Tenn. $2. Longfellow's Evangeline. Edited by Ernst Sieper. 8vo, uncut, pp. 177. "Englische Textbibliothek.” Heidelberg: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung. Paper. BOOKS OF VERSE. Songs in a Sun-Garden. By Coletta Ryan. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 101. Herbert B. Turner & Co. $1. The Book of the Singing Winds. By Sara Hamilton Birchall. 24mo, uncut, pp. 46. Boston: Alfred Bartlett. Paper. Smile and Sing, and Other Verses. By Annie Marie Bliss. 12mo, pp. 27. A. M. Bliss Publishing Co. 50 cts. MISCELLANEOUS. The Constitutional Decisions of John Marshall. Edited by Joseph P. Cotton. Jr. In 2 vols., with photogravure portraits, large 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $10.net. The Dissociation of a Personality: A Biographical Study in Abnormal Psychology. By Morton Prince, M.D. 8vo, pp. 569. Longmans, Green & Co. $2.80 net. King Leopold II.: His Rule in Belgium and the Congo. By John de Courcy MacDonnell. Illus., large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 391. Cassell & Co. $6.25 net. A Decade of Civic Development. By Charles Zueblin. Illus., 12mo, pp. 188. University of Chicago Press. $1.25 net. Centralization and the Law: Scientific Legal Education, an Illustration. With introduction by Melville M. Bigelow. 12mo, pp. 296. Little, Brown & Co. $1.50 net. Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents of the United States, from Johnson to Roosevelt. Edited by John Vance Cheney. With photogravure portrait, 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 125. Chicago: The Lakeside Press. Studies in Moro History, Law, and Religion. By Najeeb M. Saleeby. Illus., large 8vo, pp. 107. Manila: Bureau of Public Printing Paper. War Inconsistent with the Religion of Jesus Christ. By David Low Dodge; introduction by Edwin D. Mead. With portrait, 12mo, pp. 168. Ginn & Co. 50 cts. net. FICTION. The Storm Signal. By Gustave Frederick Mertins. Illus., 12mo, pp. 425. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50. Mr. Scraggs. By Henry Wallace Phillips. Illus., 12mo, uncut, pp. 188. Grafton Press. $1.25. BOOKS. ALL OUT-OP-PRINT BOOKS SUPPLIED, no matter on what subject. Write us. We can get you any book ever published. Please state wants. Catalogue free. BAKER'S GREAT BOOK-SHOP, 14-16 Bright St., BIRMINGHAM, ENG. RELIGION AND THEOLOGY. The Relations of Faith and Life. By Rt. Rev. A. C. A. Hall, D.D. 12mo, pp. 89. Longmans, Green & Co. $1. net. The Failure of the “Higher Criticism” of the Bible. By Emil Reich. 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 203. Jennings & Graham. $1. net. Half Century Messages to Pastors and People. By D. W.C. Huntington, D.D. 16mo, pp. 213. Jennings & Graham. $1. Christianity in Modern Japan. By Ernest W. Clement. Illus., 12mo, pp. 205. American Baptist Publication Society. Teachers' Guide to the International Sunday School Lessons for 1906. By Martha Tarbell, Ph.D. Illus., large 8vo, pp. 637. Bobbs-Merrill Co. Studies in the Old Testament. By Charles Herbert Morgan and Thomas Eddy Taylor. 8vo, pp. 217. Jennings & Graham. 75 cts. The Life of Christ. By the Very Rev. Alexander Stewart, D.D. With frontispiece, 24mo, pp. 124. J. B. Lippincott Co. 35 cts. net. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE LIBRARIES A trained librarian with wide experience and highest university and library references is open to engagements for Bibliographical work, investigating, indexing, organizing, cataloguing, and classifying. Address for terms, MARY E. COMBS, 736 E. Fullerton Ave., Chicago. STORY-WRITERS, Biographers, Historians, Poets — Do you desire the honest criticism of your book, or its skilled revision and correction, or advice as to publication ? Such work, said George William Curtis, is “done as it should be by The Easy Chair's friend and fellow laborer in letters, Dr. Titus M. Coan." Terms by agreement. Send for circular D, or forward your book or MS. to the New York Bureau of Revision, 70 Fifth Ave., New York. 1906.] 55 THE DIAL THE HURST IMPRINT William R. Jenkins on a book denotes the best value for the least outlay. Holiday Catalogue of Populår and Standard Publications now ready. SENT TO ANYONE UPON REQUEST HURST & Co. Publishers NEW YORK 851 & 853 Sixth Ave. (cor. 48th St.), N. Y. No Branch Stores Choice French A List of Calendars French Books for 1906 suitable for Holiday Gifts will be With daily quotations from the best French authors at sent free when requested ; also prices-40c., 50c., 60c., 75c., complete catalogues of all French $1.00, $1.25, and $1.50, each, Books if desired. postpaid. STUDY AND PRACTICE OF FRENCH in 4 Parts L. C. Boran, Author and Pub., 1930 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. Well-graded series for Preparatory Schools and Colleges. No timo wasted in superficial or mechanical work. Prench Tezi : Numerous exercises in conversation, translation, composition. Part I. (60 cts.): Primary grade; thorough drill in Pronunciation. Part II. (90 cts.): Intermediate grade ; Essentials of Grammar ; 4th edition, revised, with Vocabulary : most carefully graded. Part III. ($1.00): Composition, Idioms, Syntax; meets requirements for admission to college. Part IV. (35 cts.): Handbook of Pronunciation for advanced grado; concise and comprehensive. Sont to teachers for examination, with a viou to introduction, The STUDEBAKER THE COMPLETE WRITINGS OF fine arts Building ALFRED DE MUSSET Michigan Boulevard, between Congress and Van Buren Streets, Chicago. HENRY W. SAVAGE OFFERS Illustrated, large paper edition, in Ten Volumes. “A writer who has endowed our language with admirable poetry, the brother of Lamartine, of Hugo, and of Byron, a novelist rivaling Prevost, Balzac, and George Sand; a dramatist who, in one act, has made the Comedie Française earn more money than we give it in six months; one of those thinkers who has never once sacrificed the dignity of art to the ambitions of fortune and position." ALEXANDRE DUMAS. BOOKLET MAILED ON APPLICATION EDWIN C. HILL COMPANY 160 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK CITY THE PRINCE OF PILSEN WITH JESS DANDY 23533309 BA ORLEANS NEW OR NEW AND ne FINEST OF STEAMSHIP SERVICE Connecting at New Orleans with the ILLINOIS CENTRAL R.R. PRIME 103 fast trains from Chicago, St. Louis, Cincinnati and Louisville. The boat service is the new, ele- gant, electric-lighted, nineteen-knot twin-screw OCEAN-LINER PRINCE ARTHUR leaving New Orleans every Wednesday afternoon, arriving at Havana by sunrise Friday morning. Connections from Chicago and St. Louis by the CUBAN SPECIAL a once-a-week steamship train, running direct to the boat side. A. H. HANSON, P. T. M. Chicago S. O. HATCH, G. P. A. 56 [Jan. 16, 1906. THE DIAL THE NORDFELDT PRINTS Designed and cut on the wood by B. J. Olsson-Nordfeldt and printed by him after the Japanese method, in water colors. Recognized here and abroad as an art item of unique and extraordinary interest. A few of the prints heretofore produced by Mr. Nordfeldt may still be had at from $8.00 to $10.00 each. A selection of these will be sent to responsible persons on approval. SPECIAL (Mr. Nordfeldt will produce twelve sets of blocks in 1906, the number of impressions from each set to be limited to 250, each to be numbered and signed -- the blocks to be destroyed. They will be sold only by subscription and only in full sets of twelve, to be delivered by regis- tered post as issued -- one each month. Not more than two sets allotted to any one person. The price for the full set is $20. in January, increasing 10 per cent each month during the year. Thus the February price is $22., the March price $24., etc. Payable quarterly in advance. The January price in England is four guineas, February four and one-half guineas, March five guineas, etc., advancing half a guinea per month during the year. Payable quarterly in advance. Circular containing six half-tone reproductions, free upon application. Send subscriptions and remittances to THE PRINT SOCIETY JAMES HOWARD KEHLER, Director The Fine Arts Building, CHICAGO Note : Examples may be seen and subscriptions arranged for in New York at the New Gallery, 15 West Thirtieth Street. A collection of the Nordfeldt Prints is now being shown, by special invitation, at the annual exhibition of The International Society, London. RARE BOOKS We want the names of buyers of Americana, First Editions, and Standard Literature, throughout the Country. Catalogues sent upon request. 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LIBRARY DEPARTMENT A. C: MCCLURG & CO. CHICAGO THE DIAL PRESS, FINE ARTS BUILDING, CHICAGO THE DIAL مس A SEMI- MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. FRANEISTED BROWNE) Volume XL, No. 471. CHICAGO, FEB. 1, 1906. 10 cts. & copy. $2. a year. { FINE ARTS BUILDING 203 Michigan Blvd. EARLY SPRING PUBLICATIONS LINCOLN: MASTER OF MEN By ALONZO ROTHSCHILD A keen and brilliant study, emphasizing the keynote of Lincoln's character -- his mastery over different types of men as well as over himself. A book of surprising freshness of interest. With portraits. CATTLE BRANDS By ANDY ADAMS Fourteen cowboy stories, with a great variety of incident and abundant action, by the author of “ The Log of a Cowboy," " A Texas Matchmaker,” etc. $1.50. THE LOG OF A SEA ANGLER Probably no other book contains so much actual and exciting adventure with big game fishes among the Florida Keys and in other American waters. INDIVIDUALITY AND IMMORTALITY By WILHELM OSTWALD In this latest Ingersoll Lecture, Professor Ostwald of Leipzig presents the views of the modern science of physical chemistry, as regards the future life. 75 cents, net. Postage extra. WHAT IS RELIGION By HENRY S. PRITCHETT Five vigorous, broad-minded addresses to college stu- dents by the President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. $1.00, net. Postage extra. THE SUBCONSCIOUS By JOSEPH JASTROW A distinctive contribution to an interesting phase of descriptive psychology. NEXT MONTH'S NEW BOOKS THE MAYOR OF WARWICK By HERBERT M. HOPKINS A brilliant novel of contemporary American life combining unusual plot interest and charm of detail. With frontispiece by Henry Hutt. $1.50. BIRD AND BOUGH JOHN LOTHROP MOTLEY By JOHN BURROUGHS By EDWARD G. BOURNE A book of out-door poems. In American Men of Letters series. A LITTLE SISTER OF DESTINY By "GELETT BURGESS The adventures of a rich and attractive New York girl who in disguise sees various phases of life in the great city with happy results to others and no little amusement to herself. READY IN MARCH THE EVASION, by EUGENIA BROOKS FROTHINGHAM The author of “ The Turn of the Road.". HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & COMPANY, BOSTON AND NEW YORK 58 [Feb. 1, THE DIAL SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT FOR LIBRARIANS Messrs. A. G. MCCLURG now have in preparation some important volumes of great interest to librarians under the following general title: LITERATURE OF LIBRARIES 17TH AND 18TH CENTURIES This series will consist of translations of rare works on topics of interest to library workers. Edited by JOHN COTTON DANA, Librarian of the Newark Public Library. Six volumes in all will be published, beautifully printed at the Merrymount Press of Boston. The titles of the first two are: Vol. I. Concerning the Duties and Qualifications of a Librarian Vol. II. The Reformed Library Keeper Further particulars and circulars may be had upon application to A. C. McCLURG & CO. PUBLISHERS CHICAGO The Book that Won the Nobel Peace Prize “GROUND ARMS!” (“Die Waffen Nieder!") A ROMANCE OF EUROPEAN WAR By the BARONESS VON SUTTNER THI 'HE wide publicity given the Baroness von Suttner's “Die Waffen Nieder!” which won the Nobel Peace Prize for 1905 ($40,000), has made it necessary to bring out a re-issue of this admirable translation. “Ground Arms!” has been not unaptly called the “Uncle Tom's Cabin” of the peace propaganda. It is, like Mrs. Stowe's famous book, a work of fiction, in which the horrors and barbarities of modern warfare are brought out in a striking way, and is supposed to have exerted the greatest influence in bringing about The Hague Tribunal. “Ground Arms!” has had an enormous circulation in Europe. New Edition, with Portrait of the Author, $1.25 A. C. McCLURG & CO. PUBLISHERS CHICAGO 1906.] 59 THE DIAL VALUABLE BOOKS FOR LIBRARIES Recently Published In Preparation HISTORIC ILLINOIS HAWAIIAN YESTERDAYS Thirty-one essays on the romance of the earlier days, A delightfully written account of what a boy saw of presented in an unusually readable and absorbing man life in the Islands in the early '30's. The author is ner, by RANDALL Parish, author of “When Wilder the late Henry M. LYMAN, a distinguished Chicago ness Was King," etc. It is an interesting example of physician, whose father was a well-known missionary the novel-writer's skill when applied to historical facts. in Hawaii. His book is a most interesting account of With many illustrations from photographs. $2.50 net. early conditions in a part of the world in which Ameri- cans are becoming inore and more interested. Illus- trated. $2.00 net. HOME LIFE IN FRANCE One might read a dozen histories and not get so real PANAMA TO PATAGONIA and intimate an acquaintance with the people as from a The Isthmian Canal and the West Coast book like this. It is an interesting and delightful study Countries of South America of practical value, by Miss Betham-Edwards, Officier de 1 Instruction Publique. With 20 illustrations. The author, CHARLES M. PEPPER, is a distinguished $2.50 net. newspaper man who has travelled extensively, especially in the Latin-American republics, and who is a member of the Permanent Pan-American Railway Committee. IN THE LAND OF THE His book aims to point out to the American com- STRENUOUS LIFE mercial world the enormous advantages coming to this country from South America through the construction The ABBÉ KLEIN's famous book about the United of the Panama Canal. With map and illustrations. States has been extremely successful in France and is $2.50 net. now offered in an authorized English translation. With 14 full-page illustrations. $2.00 net. THE GLORY SEEKERS The Romance of Would-be Founders of Em- LIFE OF pire in the Early Days of the Southwest OMAR AL-KHAYYAMI Romantic tales of the daring adventurers who became notorious as the leaders of filibustering expeditions into This life of the poet-astronomer is by a Persian the region which now forms the State of Texas. The scholar, J. K. M. SHIRAZI, and contains many interesting author, William Horace Brown, knows his subject facts which are of great value to students of Omarian and endeavors to present a truthful account, with the literature. $1.50 net. comment that “justice and patriotism were not always the prompters of their actions.” Without considera- tion of the motives of these turbulent freebooters, there ARTS AND CRAFTS OF is no question but that their exploits were dramatic and OLD JAPAN picturesque, the narrative of which is not only instructive but makes highly entertaining reading. $1.50 net. A condensed handbook in popular style, by STEWART Dick, for those who desire an introduction to the study of Japanese Painting, Color Prints, Sculpture and Cary- FUTURE LIFE ing, Metal Work, Keramics, Lacquer, and Landscape In Modern Science and Ancient Wisdom Gardening. With many full-page illustrations. $1.20 net. This the authorized translation of the famous book by Louis ELBÉ which has been creating so wide a stir WITH SHELLEY IN ITALY in scientific and religious circles throughout France, under the title “La Vie Future." It will be received An important book, edited, with an introduction, by with wide-spread interest here, and will arouse very ANNA BENNESON MCMAHAN (compiler of “Florence general discussion. The subject is one which is engag- in the Poetry of the Brownings "'). The most inspired ing not only scientists, but laymen, in ever increasing work of Shelley's life is presented with an accompani numbers. This volume offers for the first time a com- ment of illustrations, passages from note books, and other plete presentation of all the available evidence hitherto invaluable references. With over sixty illustrations. to be found only in the most scattered and inaccessible $1.40 net. forms. A. C. McCLURG & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, CHICAGO 60 [Feb. 1, THE DIAL • Have We a Huxley Among Us?" “The call goes up for a new Moses in the wilderness, a new Huxley who shall lead us out of darkness into light. But whither shall we turn?” says The New York Herald, August 6th, 1905, in a full-page review of The New Knowledge By ROBERT KENNEDY DUNCAN Sir William Ramsay and M. Becquerel pronounce it one of the great books of the day. It makes the mysteries of science plain. It fascinates like a wizard's tale. It brings the knowledge of the world up to date. Cloth, $2.00 net. By mail, $2.16. Fifth Edition. A Little History of Colonial Life (In two volumes) Lives of Great Writers By TUDOR JENKS By GEORGE CARY EGGLESTON 1. Our First Century 2. Life in the 18th Century “Social features of Colonial life, its religion, its education, its superstitions and witchcrafts, its play, its work, its commercial and agricul- tural development. Mr. Eggleston's substan- tial achievement.”—Chicago Evening Post. Each volume 12mo, $1.20 net. In the Days of Chaucer In the Days of Shakespeare In the Days of Milton In the Days of Scott “As an open-minded student Mr. Jenks un- rolls a fascinating panorama."— The Outlook. Each volume 12mo, $1.00 net. A MOST IMPORTANT BOOK The Business of Life Insurance By MILES MENANDER DAWSON Cloth, 12mo, $1.50 net. Second Edition. “Practical, suggestive, and soundly informative, this book should find a wide audience." - The Outlook. Catalogue on Application. A. S. BARNES & COMPANY PUBLISHERS NEW YORK 1906.] 61 THE DIAL “The history of the world is the history of trails.” – New York Sun. “Unnecessary to comment upon the value of these Source-Histories.”— Chicago Post. THE TRAIL MAKERS A Library of History and Exploration. Professor JOHN BACH MCMASTER, Consulting Editor. History told by the Makers of History “The appearance of “The Trail-Makers' in convenient form and at a moderate price seems to indi- cate the beginning of a new era in the treatment of history.”— New York Times. “In these volumes are made accessible some of the most important sources of American history. To find them in compact form, priced at a low figure and containing the full text of the originals supplemented by introductions and notes provided by careful editors, is truly in the nature of a welcome surprise." - Chicago Record-Herald. THE TRAIL-MAKERS Each volume small 12mo, cloth. With introductions, notes, illustrations, and maps. Each $1.00 net. (Special circulars on application.) JUST PUBLISHED The Explorer of the Mississippi. The Journeys of La Salle and his Companions, 1678-1687. As related by himself and his followers. Edited, with an Introduction, by Professor I. J. Cox, of the University of Cincinnati. In two volumes. First Across the Continent. First Across British America. The Journey of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Voyages from Montreal through the Con- Vaca, and his companions from Florida to tinent of North America to the Frozen the Pacific, 1528–1536. and Pacific Oceans in 1789 and 1793. Translated by Fanny Bandelier. Edited, By Alexander Mackenzie. In two volumes. with an Introduction, by Ad. F. Bandelier. The Greatest American Exploration. The First Explorer of the South. History of the Expedition Under the Narratives of the Career of Hernando Command of Capts. Lewis and Clark. de Soto in the Conquest of Florida, 1539– With an Account of the Louisiana Pur- 1542, as told by a gentleman of Elvas, by chase, by Professor John Bach McMaster, Luys Hernandez De Biedma, and by Rod- and an Introduction Identifying the Route. rigo Ranjel. In three volumes. Edited, with an Introduction, by Professor Edward Gaylord Bourne, of Yale Univer- A Contemporary Life of the Iroquois. sity. In two volumes. History of Five Indian Nations of Can- ada which are Dependent upon the The First Explorer of the West. Province of New York. The Journey of Coronado, 1540-42. From By Cadwallader Golden, Surveyor-General the City of Mexico to the Buffalo Plains of of the Colony of New York. In two volumes. Kansas and Nebraska. Translated and Edited, with an Introduc- An Early Fur Trader's Life. tion, by George Parker Winship. A Journal of Voyage and Travels in the Interior of North America. A Founder of New France. Voyages and Explorations of Samuel de By Daniel Williams Harmon, a partner in Champlain, narrated by himself. the Northwest Company (beginning in 1800). Translated by Annie Nettleton Bourne. Edited, with an Introduction, by Edward Across Sub-Arctic America. Gaylord Bourne, Professor of History in Yale The Wild Northland. University. In three volumes. (In press.) By Gen. Sir William Francis Butler, K.C.B. A. S. BARNES & COMPANY PUBLISHERS NEW YORK 62 [Feb. 1, THE DIAL New and Important Lippincott Books . . 5 . . . . MISCELLANEOUS BELLOC, H. The Old Road Illustrated. 8vo. Cloth $8.50 net BOMBAUGH, DR. C. C. Facts and Fancies for the Curious New Edition. 8vo. Cloth $3.00 net DUCLAUX, MARY The Fields of France Illustrated. Quarto $6.00 net HEILPRIN, ANGELO HEILPRIN, LOUIS Lippincott's New Gazetteer Quarto. Sheep $10.00 net Half Russia $12.50 net Three-quarters Levant $15.00 net Patent Index, 50 cents extra. HUME, MARTIN Spanish Influence on English Literature 12mo. 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Three vol- umes, in a box . $6.00 CAPART, JEAN Primitive Art in Egypt Illustrated. 8vo. Cloth. $5.00 net DE WIT, AUGUSTA Facts and Fancies About Java Illustrated. Small Quarto $3.75 net DOWDEN, EDWARD Michel de Montaigne Vol. I. French Men of Letters Frontispiece portrait. 12mo. Cloth. $1.50 net JOUBERT, CARL Russia As It Really Is 8vo. Cloth. $2.00 net The Truth About the Tsar 8vo. Cloth $2,00 net LANG, ANDREW Oxford Illustrated. 1200. Cloth $1.50 niet STEVENSON, ROBERT LOUIS Edinburgh Illustrated. 16mo. Lambskin . . $1.00 net VAN RENSSELAER, MRS. J. K. Newport: Our Social Capital Illustrated. Quarto. Buckram $30 00 net Full Levant. $50.00 net WARD, H. SNOWDEN The Canterbury Pilgrimages Illustrated. 8vo. Cloth $1.75 net WARWICK, CHARLES F. Mirabeau and the French Revolution Illustrated. 8vo. Cloth $2.50 net SCIENTIFIC CAIN, J. C. THORPE, J. F. Synthetic Dyestuffs Illustrated. 8vo. Cloth. $5.00 net HATTON, RICHARD G. Figure Composition Illustrated. 8vo. Cloth. $2.75 net POWLES, H, H, P. Steam Boilers: Their History and Development Illustrated. Large 8vo. Cloth. . $6.50 net SMITH, ROBERT H. Commercial Economy in Steam and Other Thermal Power-Plants Illustrated. 8vo. Cloth $7 00 net . . . . . . . . J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY PHILADELPHIA 1906.] 63 THE DIAL AN ABSOLUTE NECESSITY FOR LIBRARIES LIPPINCOTT'S NEW GAZETTEER New York Times.-"A Great Gazetteer." New York Sun.—“Up to date and invaluable.” Bradstreet's.-“A great Geographical Dictionary.” Boston Evening Transcript.—“A monumental work . . . of almost incal- culable value." Pablic Opinion.—“This book is as essential to the library as the dic- tionary or the encyclopedia." Boston Daily Globe.—“Accurate, up to date, practical, it is an absolute necessity for libraries, schools, colleges, and institutions of every kind." Boston Herald.—“The Gazetteer is indispensable to the consulting library of everyone whose work deals with foreign or domestic affairs." The Outlook.—“For the Newspaper office, the library, and the increasing number of business men whose field is the world and who must have accurate information about it, Lippincott's Gazetteer in its new form will be as indispensable as is an unabridged dictionary.' LIPPINCOTT'S NEW GAZETTEER J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY :: PHILADELPHIA 64 [Feb. 1, THE DIAL NELSON'S NEW CENTURY LIBRARY IS BECOMING MORE POPULAR EVERY YEAR The works of the best authors have never been obtainable in a form so elegant. New style Large novels formerly requiring two bulky Old style complete in volumes are issued in one handsome book, Two Volumes One Volume not thicker than a monthly magazine and of pocket size — 644 x 4% inches, yet the size of the type is not reduced. Type same Size in WE HAVE JUST ADDED Both SHAKESPEARE'S WORKS Complete in Six Volumes. Bound in red cloth and red limp leather, gilt top and gilt back, with frontispiece. Without doubt the daintiest set of Shakespeare on the market. The type is long primer bold face. You have to examine these volumes to appreciate their merits. The new Century Library contains the complete works of DICKENS, THACKERAY, SCOTT and selected works of the best authors. The size is so convenient that you can hold them in the hand when reading and carry them in your pocket or satchel to read on the train, and a volume is so small and light that you never know it is there. Prices - $1.00, $1.25, $1.50- according to the style of binding. New volumes are constantly being added. Complete catalogue sent on application to THOMAS NELSON & SONS, Publishers, 37 East 18th Street, New York A BRIEF LIST OF BOOKS PUBLISHED AND IMPORTED, 1905 AUGUSTUS. The Life and Times of the Founder of the Roman Empire. By E. S. SHOCKBURGH, Litt.D. Fully illustra