Mr.
Harold Spencer Scott, a nephew of Dr. Hill, has pre-
pared this edition for the press, printing text and notes
practically as they were left by the editor. He also
contributes a memoir and bibliography of his uncle.
These volumes are published by Mr. Henry Frowde at
the Oxford Clarendon Press.
Mr. Charles Dexter Allen, author of "American Book
Plates," is rapidly bringing to completion a supple-
mental list of plates not mentioned in that book. In
the twelve years since the publication of the original
work, many early American book plates have come to
light, and it is the writer's aim to make this final book
very complete and accurate. To this end he will gladly
receive the assistance of all who have information of
such plates, or of the early engravers.
Mr. Allen's ad-
dress is Dyker Heights, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Professor J. Churton Collins has edited for the Ox-
ford University Press Matthew Arnold's “ Merope,” to
which is appended the Electra of Sophocles in a trans-
lation by Mr. R. Whitelaw. In this volume, which will
be ready immediately, an attempt is made to introduce
and to bring home to modern readers who are not
Greek scholars Attic tragedy in its most perfect form.
If the book is favorably received it is intended to follow
it with a series of small volumes, each containing some
leading Greek tragedy in an acknowledged masterpiece
of translation, edited in the same manner.
The centenary of Mrs. Browning's birth will be cele-
brated this month by the publication in England of
a memoir of her by Mr. Percy Lubbock, with a portrait
by Mrs. Bridell Fox. On the same occasion will appear
the correspondence of Browning with two friends of his
youth, Alfred Domett and Arnould, afterwards Sir
Joseph Arnould, Chief Justice of Bombay. These let-
ters will appear under the editorship of Mr. F.G. Ken-
yon, with portraits of the three friends.
It has just been announced that Messrs. Fox, Duffield
& Co., one of the most energetic of the younger New
York publishing houses, have taken over the good-will,
assets, plates, sheets, etc., of the firm of Herbert S.
Stone & Co. of Chicago. The list thus acquired is an
unusually strong one, its most important item being the
fine definitive edition of Poe, edited by Professor Wood-
berry and Mr. Stedman. Among the writers of estab-
lished reputation represented in the list are Henry James,
George Bernard Shaw, George Moore, H. G. Wells,
William Sharp, Robert Hichens, Harold Frederic, Nor-
man Hapgood, Egerton Castle, Robert Herrick, and
many others. The important “Green Tree Library” of
plays by contemporary dramatists includes some of the
best work of Maeterlinck, Ibsen, and Sudermann.
Among popular novelists of the day whose books Messrs.
Stone & Co. were the first to bring out may be men-
tioned George Barr McCutcheon, George Ade, and H. K.
Viele.“ The House Beautiful,” edited by Mr. Herbert
S. Stone, is not included in the transfer, and will appear
as heretofore from Chicago.


204
[March 16,
THE DIAL
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING BOOKS.
Herewith is presented THE DIAL's annual list of
books announced for Spring publication, containing this
year some eight hundred and fifty titles. All the books
here given are presumably new books — new editions
not being included unless having new form or matter.
The list is compiled from authentic data especially
secured for this purpose, and presents a trustworthy
survey of the Spring books of 1906.
Augustus, the life and times of the founder of the Roman
Empire, by E. S. Shuckburgh, Litt.D., illus., $1.50. (A.
Wessels Co.)
Lives of Great Writers series, by Tudor Jenks, new vols.:
In the Days of Goldsmith, and in the Days of Scott,
each illus., $1. net. (A. S. Barnes & Co.)
American Crisis Biographies, new vol.: Frederick Douglass,
by Booker T. Washington, $1.25 net. (George W. Jacobs
& Co.)
John Witherspoon, by David Walter Woods, Jr., $1.50 net.
The Secret of Heroism, a memoir of Henry Albert Harper,
by W. L. Mackenzie King, $1. net. (Fleming H. Re-
vell Co.)
Party Leaders of the Time, by Charles Willis Thompson,
with portraits, $1.75 net. (G. W. Dillingham Co.)
Pizarro and the Conquest of Peru, by Frederick A. Ober,
illus., $1. net. (Harper & Brothers.)
Robert Louis Stevenson, by G. K. Chesterton, new edi-
tion, with portrait, 50 cts. (James Pott & Co.)
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Joseph Jefferson, reminiscences of a friend, by Francis
Wilson, illus., $2. net.-The Early Life of Leo Tolstoy,
autobiographical memoirs, by P. Birukofr, illus.-Liter-
ary Lives series, new vol.: Sir Walter Scott, by Andrew
Lang, illus., $1. net.-Paul Jones, founder of the Ameri-
can Navy, by Augustus C. Buell, new edition, with sup-
plementary chapter by General Horace Porter, 2 vols.,
illus., $3.-Mary, Queen of Scots, by T. F. Henderson, ź
vols., illus., $6. net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
Dixie after the War, by Myrta Lockett Avary, illus., $2.75
net.-Letters and Recollections of George Washington,
being his correspondence with Tobias Lear and others,
together with a diary of Washington's last days kept
by Mr. Lear, with portraits, $2.50 net.-Recollections of
Thirteen Presidents, by John S. Wise, illus., $2.50 net.
(Doubleday, Page & Co.)
Life of John Wesley, by C. T. Winchester, with portraits.
-Memoir of Archbishop Temple, by seven friends, edited
by E. G. Sandford, 2 vols., illus.- English Men of Letters
series, new vols.: Mrs. Gaskell, by Clement Shorter,
Charles Kingsley, by G. K. Chesterton, Shakespeare, by
Walter Raleigh; each 75 cts. net. (Macmillan Co.)
Reminiscences of My Childhood and Youth, by George
Brandes, trans. by G. M. Fox-Davies, $2.50 net. (Fox,
Duffield & Co.)
With Walt Whitman in Camden, a diary record of con-
versations, with many important letters and manu-
scripts, by Horace Traubel, with portraits, $3.net.-
Josiah Warren, by William Bailie," with portrait, $1.
net.-The Beacon Biographies, new vol.: John Fiske,
by Thomas Sergeant Perry, with portrait, 75 cts. net.
(Small, Maynard & Co.)
The True Andrew Jackson, by Cyrus Townsend Brady,
illus., $2. net.-French Men of Letters series, edited by
Alexander Jessup, Vol. II., Honoré de Balzac, by Ferdi-
nand Brunetière, with portrait, $1.50 net.-Memoirs of
Charles Cramp, by Augustus C. Buell, $1.50 net.--Heroes
of Discovery in America, by Charles Morris, illus., $1.25
net. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Jacques Cartier, Sieur De Limoilou, his voyage to the St.
Lawrence, with bibliography, memoir, and annotations
by James Phinney Baxter, A.M., limited edition, $10.
net.-Modern English Writers series, new vol.: George
Eliot, by A. T. Quiller-Couch, $1. net. (Dodd, Mead &
Co.)
Reminiscences of Bishops and Archbishops, by Henry Cod-
man Potter.-The Life of Goethe, by Albert Bielschow-
sky, authorized translation from the German, by William
A. Cooper, Vol. II., From the Italian Journey to the
Wars of Liberation, 1788-1815, illus., $3.50 net.-Russell
Wheeler Davenport, with photogravure portrait. (G. P.
Putnam's Sons.)
Lincoln, Master of Men, by Alonzo Rothschild, illus., $3.
net.-Memories of a Great Schoolmaster, by James P.
Conover, illus. (Houghton, Miffin & Co.)
With John Bull and Jonathan, by John Morgan Richards,
illus., $4. net. (D. Appleton & Co.)
In the Sixties and Seventies, impressions of literary people
and others, by Laura Hain Friswell, $3.50 net. (Herbert
B. Turner & Co.)
A Great Archbishop of Dublin, William King, D.D., 1650-
1729, autobiography, family correspondence, etc., edited
by Sir Charles s. King, Bart., with portraits. (Long-
mans, Green, & Co.)
A Patriot's Mistake, personal recollections of Charles
Stewart Parnell and the Parnell family, by Emily Mon-
roe Dickinson, $2.50 net.-Living Masters of Music series,
new vol.: Edvard Grieg, by Henry T. Finck, illus., $1.
net. (John Lane Co.)
Remenyi, Musician and Man, by Gwendolyn Kelley and
George P. Upton, illus., $1.75 net. (A. C. McClurg & Co.)
The Life of a Star, by Clara Morris, with frontispiece,
$1.50 net. (McClure, Phillips & Co.)
The Story of my Life, by Father Gapon, illus., $3.net.-
Mary Stuart, by Florence A. MacCunn, illus., $3. net.-
Master Musicians series, new vol.: Brahms, by J.
Lawrence Erb., illus., $1.25 net. The Prophet of the
Poor, the life story of General Booth, by Thomas F.
G. Coates, $1.50 net. (E. P. Dutton & Co.)
HISTORY.
Notes on the History and Political Institutions of the old
World, by Edward Preissig.-The Development of the
European Nations, 1870-1900, by J. Holland Rose, 2 vols.,
with maps, $5. net.-Story of the Nations series, new
vols.: The Story of Greece, from the coming of the Hel-
lenes to A. D. 14, by E. S. Shuckburgh, Litt.D.; Japan,
by David Murray, Ph.D., new edition, revised to 1906,
with supplementary chapters by Baron Kentaro Kaneko;
Chaldea, from earliest times to the rise of Assyria, by
Zénaide A. Ragozin, new edition, revised and in part re-
written; each illus., $1.35 net.-A History of England,
from earliest times to 1815, by various writers, edited
by C. W. C. Oman, in 6 vols., Vols. I., III., and VI. still
to appear, per vol. $3.net. -The Abolitionists, together
with personal memoirs of the struggle for human rights,
1830-64, by John T. Hume, $1.25 net.-American Political
History, 1763-1876, by Alexander Johnston, edited and sup-
plemented by James Albert Woodburn, 2 vols., each $2.
net.-History of the Parish of Trinity Church in the
City of New York, compiled and edited by Morgan Dix,
S.T.D., Part IV., The Rectorship of Dr. Berrian, com-
pleting the work, $5. net.-Haydn's Dictionary of Dates,
containing a history of the world to the autumn of 1905,
by Benjamin Vincent, 24th edition, $6. net. (G. P. Put
nam's Sons.)
History of Civilization, from the earliest times to the
present day, by Charles Seignobos, trans. and edited
by Arthur Herbert Wilde.--The Russian Court in the
Eighteenth Century, by Fitzgerald Molloy, 2 vols., illus.,
$6. net.-A Tour of Four Great Rivers, the Hudson,
Mohawk, Susquehanna, and Delaware, in 1769, being the
Journal of Richard Smith, of Burlington, N. J., edited,
with a brief history of pioneer settlement, by Francis
W. Halsey, limited edition, $5. net. (Charles Scribner's
Sons.)
Mediæval London, social and ecclesiastical, by Sir Walter
Besan, 2 vols., illus.-Cambridge Modern History, planned
by the late Lord Acton, edited by A. W. Ward, G. W.
Prothero, and Stanley Leathes, Vol. IX., Napoleon and
His Times, $4. net.-A History of Modern England, by
Herbert Paul, Vol. V., completing the work, $2.50 net.
A History of the Inquisition of Spain, by Henry Charles
Lea, LL.D., in 4 vols., Vol. II.-General History, from
5000 B. C. 'to 1871 A. 'D., by Dr. Emil Reich, 2 vols.
(Macmillan Co.)
Personal Narrative of Travels in Virginia, Maryland, Penn-
sylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, and of a residence
in the Illinois Territory, 1817-8, by Elias Pym Fordham,
edited by Frederic Austin Ogg, A.M., illus., $3.net.-
The Present State of the European Settlements on the
Mississippi, by Captain Philip Pittman, edited by Frank
Heywood lodder, with maps, $3. net.-Magellan's Voyage
around the World, by Antonio Pigafetta, original and
complete text of the oldest and best Ms., the Ambrosian
MS. of Milan, of the early 16th century, the Italian text
with page-for-page English translation, trans., edited, and
annotated by James A. Robertson, limited edition, 2 vols.,
illus., $7.50 net.-Audubon's Western Journal, 1849-1851,
from the MS. records of an overland trip through Texas,
Mexico, and Arizona to the gold-fields of California, by
John W. Audubon, edited by Maria R. Audubon, illus.,
$3. net. (Arthur H. Clark Co.)
Americans of 1776, by James Schouler, $2. net.--The
Declaration of Independence, its history, by J. H. Hazle-
ton, illus., $4.50 net.--The History of Ancient Egypt, by
George Camden Rawlinson, new edition, 2 vols., $3.
(Dodd, Mead & Co.)
Lectures on Early English History, by William Stubbs,
D.D., edited by Arthur Hassall, M.A., $4. net.-The
Political History of England, edited by William Hunt,
D.Litt., and Reginald Lane Poole, M.A.; Vol. I., To 1066,
by Thomas Hodgkin, D.C.L., $2.60 net. (Longmans,
Green, & Co.)
A Political History of the State of New York, 1777-1861,
by D. S. Alexander, 2 vols.-An Atlas of European His-
tory, by Prof. Earl w. Dow. (Henry Holt & Co.)


1906.]
205
THE DIAL
The Humor of Bulls and Blunders, edited by Marshall
Brown, $1.20 net. (Small, Maynard & Co.)
What Men Like in Women, by E. J. Hardy, $1. net. (G.
W. Dillingham Co.)
War Government, Federal and State, by William B. Wee-
den.-A History of the Town of Middleboro, Mass., by
Thomas Weston, illus.-History of the Twentieth Massa-
chusetts Regiment, by George A. Bruce. (Houghton,
Mifflin & Co.)
Voyages and Explorations of Samuel De Champlain, nar-
rated by himself, trans. for the first time by Annie
Nettleton Bourne, edited by Edward Gaylord Bourne,
3 vols., illus., $3.net. (A. S. Barnes & Co.)
Ancient Records of Egypt, by James H. Breasted, in 5
vols., each $3.net. (University of Chicago Press.)
The American Nation, edited by Albert Bushnell Hart,
LL.D.; Vol. XIII., Rise of American Nationality, by
Kendrick Charles Babcock, Ph.D.; Vol. XIV., Rise of the
New West, by Frederick Jackson Turner, Ph.D., Vol.
XV., Jacksonian Democracy, by William MacDonald,
LL.D.; each with portrait, $2.net. (Harper & Brothers.)
The Glory Seekers, the romance of would-be founders of
empire in the early days of the Southwest, by William
Horace Brown, illus., $1.50 net. (A. C. McClurg & Co.)
The Fight for Canada, a sketch from the history of the
Great Imperial War, by William Wood, illus., $2.50 net.
(Little, Brown, & Co.)
Irish History and the Irish Question, by Goldwin Smith,
$1.62 net. (McClure, Phillips & Co.)
The French Blood in America, by Lucian J. Fosdick, $2.
net. (Fleming H. Revell Co.)
The Real Triumph of Japan, by Major Louis Livingston
Seaman, illus., $1.50 net. (D. Appleton & Co.)
German Official Account of the War in South Africa,
Vol. II., The Advance to Pretoria after Paardeberg, the
Upper Tugela Campaign, etc., authorized translation by
Col. Hubert du Cane, R.A., illus., $4. net. (E. P. Dut-
ton & Co.)
In Olde Connecticut, by Charles Burr Todd, $1.25 net.
(The Grafton Press.)
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Letters from Samoa, by Mrs. Margaret Isabella Stevenson,
$2. net.-Concerning Paul and Fiammetta, by L. Allen
Harker, $1.25.-A Romance of the Nursery, by L. Allen
Harker, illus., $1.25.--My Little Boy, by Carl Ewald,
trans. by A. T. de Mattos, $1. net. (Charles Scribner's
Sons.)
The Launching of a University, by Daniel Coit Gilman,
LL.D., $2.50 net.-The Key of the Blue Closet, by
W. Robertson Nicoll, $1.40 net.-Famous Introductions to
Shakespeare's Plays, edited by Beverly Warner, D.D.,
$2.50 net.-Magazine Articles I Have Řead, by Burton
Emmet, $1. net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
The Ghost in Hamlet, and other essays in comparative
literature, by Dr. Maurice Francis Egan, $1. net.-Litera.
ture of Libraries, 17th and 18th centuries, edited by John
Cotton Dana, limited edition, 2 vols., $12. net.-oid Tales
from Rome, by Alice Zimmern, illus., $1.25. (A. C. Mc-
Clurg & Co.)
The Development of Shakespeare as a Dramatist, by George
P. Baker, illus.--Parody and Related Forms in Jewish
Literature, by Dr. Israel Davidson.-Success through
Self-Help, by Newell Dwight Hillis.-The Arbiter, a dia-
logue on war and arbitration, anonymous. (Macmil.
lan Co.)
From a College Window, by Arthur C. Benson (T. B.).-
The Writings of Samuel Adams, edited by Harry Alonzo
Cushing, limited edition, Vol. III., $5. net.-The Writings
of James Madison, edited by Gaillard Hunt, limited edi-
tion, Vol. VI., $5. net. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
The Champagne Standard, by Mrs. John Lane, $1.50 net. -
The Mirror of the Century, by Walter Frewen Lord,
illus., $1.50 net.--Secret Life, the book of a heretic,
$1.50 net.-Cornish Saints and Sinners, by J. Henry Har-
ris, illus., $1.50. (John Lane Co.)
The College Man and the College Woman, by William
DeWitt Hyde, $1.50 net.-Moral Overstrain, by George W.
Alger.-American Literary Masters, by Leon H. Vincent,
$2. net. (Houghton, Miffin & Co.)
The Silver Age of the Greek World, by J. P. Mabaffy.--
Russian Reader, by Samuel N. Harper, $3. net. (Uni-
versity of Chicago Press.)
A Literary History of Philadelphia, by Ellis Paxon Ober-
holtzer, illus., $3. net. (George W. Jacobs & Co.)
The Letters of Richard Ford, 1797-1858, edited by Row-
land E. Prothero, M.V.O., illus., $3.50 net.-The Christ
of English Poetry, by C. W. Stubbs, D.D., $2.net.
How to Read English Literature, Chaucer to Milton,
by Laurie Magnus, M.A., 75 cts. net. (E. P. Dutton
& Co.)
The Art and Craft of the Author, by C. E. Heisch, $1.20
net. (The Grafton Press.)
Wayside Tales, by Charles Wagner, $1, net. (McClure,
Phillips & Co.)
Mark Twain's Library of Humor, first vols.: Men and
Things, Women and Things, The Primrose Path; eacb
illus., $1.50. (Harper & Brothers.)
A Few Neighbors, by Henry A. Shute, $1. net. (Doubleday,
Page & Co.)
POETRY AND THE DRAMA.
Nero, by Stephen Phillips.-The Dynasts, a drama of the
Napoleonic wars, by Thomas Hardy, in 3 parts, Part II.-
Poems and Plays, by W. B. Yeats, new collected library
edition, 2 vols. -Plays by Clyde Fitch, comprising: The
Toast of the Town, Her Own Way, and The Stubborn-
ness of Geraldine; each 75 cts. net. (Macmillan Co.)
Selections from the Poetry of John Payne, compiled by
Tracy and Lucy Robinson, $2.50 net. -The Coming of
Love, Rhona Boswell's Story, and other poems, by Theo-
dore Watts-Dunton, seventh edition, enlarged and re-
vised, with photogravure portrait and preface by the
author, $2. net.-The Rosary, and other poems, by Robert
Cameron Rogers, $1.50 net.-Augustine the Man, a play,
by Amelie Rives (Princess Troubetzksy), $1.50 net.-
Love's Testament, a sonnet sequence, by G. Constant
Lounsbery, $1.25 net.-Flowers of Parnassus series, new
vol.: The Song of Songs, Which is Solomon's, a lyrical
folk-play of the ancient Hebrews, arranged in seven
scenes, by Francis Coutts, illus., 50 cts. net. (John
Lane Co.)
Rahab, a drama of the fall of Jericho, by Richard Burton.
(Henry Holt & Co.)
Bird and Bough, by John Burroughs. (Houghton, Mimin
& Co.)
The Far Country, by Florence Wilkinson, $1. net. (Mc-
Clure, Phillips & Co.)
In Sun or Shade, by Louise Morgan Sill, $1.50 net. (Harper
& Brothers.)
Joyzelle and Monna Vanna, by Maurice Maeterlinck, $1.40
net.-Rubaiyat of a Motor Car, by Carolyn Wells, illus.,
$1. net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
Peace and Progress, by Nathan Haskell Dole, new edition,
$1.25 net. (Moffat, Yard & Co.)
Songs of Schooldays, by J. W. Foley, illus., $1.25 net.
(Doubleday, Page & Co.)
Verses, by George 0. Holbrooke, $1.-Poems, by Mary
Bayard Clarke, with frontispiece, $1.-Robin's Kisses,
and other verses, by Mary Stewart Dunlap, illus., $1.-
Golden Reveries, by Martha Lena Beattie, 50 cts. (Broad-
way Publishing Co.)
FICTION.
Fenwick's Career, by Mrs. Humphry Ward, $1.50.-Silas
Strong, Emperor of the Woods, by Irving Bacheller, with
frontispiece, $1.50.-The Spoilers, by Rex E. Beach, with
frontispiece, $1.50.-The Awakening of Helena Richie, by
Margaret Deland, illus., $1.50.-The Undefiled, by Frances
Aymar Mathews, $1.50.—The Genius, by Margaret Potter,
$1.50.-Miss Primrose, by Roy Rolfe Gilson, $1.25.-
Chatwit, the Man-Talk Bird, by Philip Verrill Mighels,
illus., $1.50.- The Princess Olga, by Ervin Wardman,
$1.50.-Eve's Diary, by Mark Twain, illus., $1.-Harper's
Novelettes, edited 'by W. D. Howells and H. M. Aiden,
first vols.: Their Husbands' Wives, Under the Sunset,
Quaint Courtships; each $1. (Harper & Brothers.)
On the Field of Glory, by Henryk Sienkiewicz, trans. from
the Polish_by Jeremiah Curtin, $1.50.-A Maker of His-
tory, by E. Phillips Oppenbeim, illus., $1.50.-Maid of
Athens, by Lafayette McLaws, illus., $1.50.—The Sage
Brush Parson, by A. B. Ward, $1.50.--Hearts and Creeds,
a romance of Quebec, by Anna Chapin Ray., illus., $1.50.
-The District Attorney, by William Sage, $1.50.-The
Wolf at Susan's Door, by Anne Warner, with frontis-
piece, $1.-Called to the Field, a story of Virginia in the
Civil War, by Lucy M. Thruston, $1.50.-Old Washing-
ton, by Harriet Prescott Spofford, with frontispiece, $1.50.
-Sandpeep, by Sara E. Boggs, with frontispiece, $1.50.-
Kenelm's Desire, by Hughes Cornell, $1.50.-The Wire
Tappers, by Arthur Stringer, illus., $1.50.-Truth Dexter,
by Sidney McCall, new illustrated edition, $1.50.-A Mil-
lionaire of Yesterday, by E. Phillips Oppenheim, new
edition, illus., $1.50.--The Man and his Kingdom, by E.
Phillips Oppenheim, new edition, illus., $1.50. (Little,
Brown, & Co.)
The Dawn of a To-Morrow, by Frances Hodgson Burnett,
Illus. in color, $1.-The Tides of Barnegat, by F. Hop-
kinson Smith.—John Frane, by Frederick Palmer, illus.,
$1.50.--The Day-Dreamer, by Jesse Lynch Williams
$1.25.-The Tower, by Mary Tappan Wright, $1.50.-The
Prisoner of Ornith Farm, by Frances Powell, $1.50.-
Bob and the Guides, by Mary Raymond Shipman An.
drews, illus., $1.50.-The Pink Typhoon, by Harrison Rob.
ertson, with frontispiece, $1.-The Law-Breakers, by Rob-
ert Grant, $1.25.--Six Stars, by Nelson Lloyd, illus., $1.50.
-The Last Spike, and other railroad_stories, by Cy
Warman, $1.25.-Uniform Edition of Edith Wharton's
Novels and Stories, 7 vols. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
In Cure of her Soul, by Alfred Jesup Stimson ("J. S. of
Dale''), illus., $1.50.-Fishers of Men, by S. R. Crockett,
illus., $1.50.—The Tracer of Lost Persons, by Robert W.


206
[March 16,
THE DIAL
DIAL
Chambers, illus., $1.50.- The Great Refusal, by Maxwell
Gray, $1.50.-The Healers, by Maarten Maartens, $1.50.-
The Lake, by_George Moore, $1.50.-All for the Love of
a Lady, by Elinor Macartney Lane, illus., $1.25.-The
Castle of Lies, by Arthur Henry Vesey, $1.50.-The
Chateau of Montplaisir, by Molly Elliot Seawell, illus.,
$1.25.-Letters to Women in Love, by Mrs. John Van
Vorst, $1.50.-The Private War, by Louis Joseph Vance,
illus., $1.50.-The False Gods, by George Horace Lorimer,
illus., $1.25.-In the Shadow, by Henry C. Rowland, illus.,
$1.50.- Marcelle the Mad, by Seth Cook Comstock, $1.50.--
The Triumphs of Eugene Valmont, by Robert Barr,
illus., $1.50.-Wild Justice, by Lloyd Osbourne, illus.,
$1.50.-A Lady in Waiting, by Charles Woodcock Savage,
with frontispiece, $1.50. (D. Appleton & Co.)
Coniston, by Winston Churchill, illus., $1.50.- Lady Balti-
more, by Owen Wister, illus., $1.50.- If Youth but Knew,
by Egerton Castle, illus., $1.50.—The Way of the Gods,
by John Luther Long.--The Sin of George Warrener, by
Marie Van Vorst. -The Portreeve, by Eden Phillpotts,
$1.50.-Helianthus, by “Ouida" (Louise De La Ramee),
$1.50.-The Vine of Sibmah, by Andrew Macphail, $1.50.
(Macmillan Co.)
What Happened to Pam, by Bettina von Hutten, illus.,
$1.50.--Cowardice Court, by George Barr McCutcheon,
illus. in color, $1.25.--Barbara Winslow, Rebel, by Eliza-
beth Ellis, illus., $1.50.—The Patriots, by Cyrus Townsend
Brady, illus. in color, $1.50.-A Motor Car Divorce, by
Louise Closser Hale, illus. in color, $1.50.-A Lame Dog's
Diary, by S. Macnaughton, $1.50.-The Girl with the Blue
Sailor, by Burton Egbert Stevenson, illus., $1.50.-The
Hill, by Horace A. Vachell, $1.50.-The Scholar's Daugh-
ter, by Beatrice Harraden, illus., $1.50.-My Sword for
Lafayette, by Max Pemberton, illus., $1.50. (Dodd, Mead
& Co.)
The Mayor of Warwick, by Herbert M. Hopkins, witb
frontispiece in color, $1.50.-The Evasion, by Eugenia
Brooks Frothingham, with frontispiece, $1.50.-Between
Two Masters, by Gamaliel Bradford, Jr., $1.50.- The
Clammer, by William J. Hopkins, $1.25.-A Little Sister
of Destiny, by Gelett Burgess, illus., $1.50.-The Spirit
of the Pines, by Margaret Morse, $1.-Cattle Brands, by
Andy Adams, $1.50.-The Court of Love, by Alice Brown.
--Calmire, and Sturmsee, by Henry Holt, new editions,
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1906.]
207
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208
[March 16,
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1906.]
209
THE DIAL
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ton Press.)


210
[March 16,
THE DIAL
New Pocket Library, new vols.: Orley Farm (2 vols.),
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1906.]
211
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 66 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
American Hero Stories, by Eva March Tappan, illus.-A
Short History of England's and America's Literature, by
Eva March Tappan, illus.-Riverside Literature Series,
new vols.: Shakespeare's Henry V., edited by Edward
Everett Hale, Jr., Ph.D.; De Quincey's Joan of Arc and
Th English Mail Coach, edited by Miss R. Adelaide
Witham; each 15 cts. (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.)
Longmans' English Classics, new vol.: De Quincey's Joan
of Arc and The English Mail Coach, edited by Charles
Sears Baldwin, Ph.D., 40 cts.-A Preliminary Course in
Differential and Integral Calculus, by A. H. Angus, B.S.
(Longmans, Green, & Co.)
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Lord Randolph Churchill. By Winston Spencer Churchill
M.P. In 2 vols., illus. in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, gilt
top, uncut. Macmillan Co. $9. net. I
The Story of My Life. By Father George Gapon. Illus.,
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Frontispiece. 12mo. Ornamental Cloth, $1.50.
The diary of a little French aristocrat, in which she tells all about her love affairs.
D. APPLETON & CO.
PUBLISHERS NEW YORK
THE DIAL PRESS, FINE ARTS BUILDING, CHICAGO


THE
DIAL
Sociol.
A SEMI-MONTHLY JOURNAL OF
Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
EDITED BY
I Volume XL.
FRANCIS F. BROWNE No. 475.
CHICAGO, APRIL 1, 1906.
10 cts. a copy. Į FINE ARTS BUILDING
$2. a year. 203 Michigan Blvd.
{
BOOKS READY MARCH THIRTY-FIRST

LINCOLN: MASTER
MASTER OF MEN
By ALONZO ROTHSCHILD
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BIRD AND BOUGH
By John BURROUGHS
Lovers of nature who are also lovers of poetry will find
this a most delightful and companionable volume. It
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CATTLE BRANDS
By ANDY ADAMS
Cowboy yarns of man to man difficulties; of queer
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the author of "The Log of a Cowboy,” etc. $1.50.
MEMORIES OF A GREAT SCHOOLMASTER
By James P. CONOVER
This volume contains interesting personal reminiscences of Dr. Henry A. Coit, rector for nearly forty years of St.
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photogravure portrait and other illustrations. $1.50, net. Postpaid, $1.61.

THE EVASION
By EUGENIA BROOKS FROTHINGHAM
Romance and reform - a point of honor weakly evaded and quixotically regarded,
one phase of society life of today and the bitter problems of socialism –
brought face to face in this brilliant and engrossing novel, which is full of keen
feeling and dramatic feeling. By the author of "The Turn of the Road.” $1.50.
are
** GLADYS LAWRENCE"
from “The Evasion.”
HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & COMPANY, BOSTON AND NEW YORK


218
[April 1,
THE DIAL
Pearl
Rendered into Modern
English Verse by
DR. S. WEIR MITCHELL
CARUSO
Drawn by Himself
TH
CARUSO'S BOOK
HIS earliest, and not the
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rescued by Dr. Weir Mitchell
from the West Midland dia-
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the mourner, and the scholar
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book. $1.00 net.
A collection of nearly 200 caricatures drawn by
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appearance of a sketch-book de luxe filled with
original drawings. For further information address
ROBERT GRIER COOKE, INC.
307 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK.
The Century Co.
An Important New Book on the Bible
THE EVOLUTION OF A GREAT LITERATURE
Natural History of the Jewish and Christian Scriptures. By NEWTON
MANN. One vol., 5 x 8 inches, 381 pp., $1.50 net, postage 15 cents.
[Synopses of Chapters will be sent on request.]
"This book by Newton Mann should be read as fearlessly as it has
been written. Truth is the only thing that will really save the world.
The entire biblical literature comes under review and is always treated
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Boston Transcript.
JAMES H. WEST CO. : PUBLISHERS : BOSTON
CHICAGO ARTISTS
Reproductions of some of the Notable Works at the recent
Exhibition.
SKETCHING
FRANKLIN'S BOYHOOD
From the Autobiography; Franklin's letters on War and
Peace and his Plan for Western Colonies are just added
to the Old South Leaflets, Nos. 161-163.
No. 9, The Plan of Union, 1754, is another Franklin
leaflet.
Price, 5 cents a copy.
Send for complete lists.
Advice to students by ALFRED EAST, A.R.A., with color
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GUTZOM BORGLUM
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Price $1.00 postpaid.
50 Color Plates Yearly
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SOLD EVERYWHERE
THE NUNC LICET PRESS
42 W. Coulter St., PHILADELPHIA, PA.


1906.]
219
THE DIAL
SOME IMPORTANT SPRING
BOOKS
ON THE CANAL AND THE PAN-AMERICAN MOVEMENT
Panama to Patagonia
The Isthmian Canal and the West Coast Countries of South America. By CHARLES M. PEPPER, author of
“ To-Morrow in Cuba.” With new maps and numerous illustrations. Large 8vo, $2.50 net.
The author is a distinguished newspaper man who has travelled extensively, especially in the Latin-American republics, and
who is a member of the Permanent Pan-American Railway Committee. His book aims to point out to the American commercial
world the enormous advantages coming to this country from South America through the construction of the Panama Canal.
ROMANTIC HISTORY IN THE SOUTHWEST
The Glory Seekers
The Romance of Would-Be Founders of Empire in the Early Days of the Southwest. By William HORACE
Brown. Illustrated. Square 8vo, $1.50 net.
These are tales of the daring adventurers who became notorious as the leaders of filibustering expeditions into the region
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but that their exploits were dramatic and picturesque, and the narrative of them is not only instructive, but makes highly enter-
taining reading.
TRAVEL NOTES OF SIXTY YEARS AGO
Hawaiian Yesterdays
By DR. HENRY M. LYMAN. With numerous illustra-
tions from photographs. Large 8vo, $2.00 net.
A delightfully written account of what a boy saw of life in the
Islands in the early '40's. The author was a distinguished Chi-
cago physician, whose father was a well-known missionary in
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ditions in a part of the world in which Americans are becoming
more and more interested,
FOR MUSIC LOVERS AND STUDENTS
Remenyi, Musician and Man
An Appreciation. By GWENDOLYN KELLEY and GEORGE
P. UPTON. With portraits. 8vo, $1.75 net.
Miss Kelley was an intimate friend and devoted admirer of
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her a number of biographical documents. To these have been
added others contributed at her solicitation by his personal
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istic letters and literary sketches, the whole forming a volume
of uncommon charm and a valuable work of reference.
ONE OF THE VITAL BOOKS OF THE YEAR
Future Life
In the Light of Ancient Wisdom and Modern Science. By Louis ELBÉ. With a portrait. 12mo, $1.20 net.
This is the authorized translation of the famous book which has been creating so wide a stir in scientific and religious circles
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- Philadelphia Inquirer.
FOR SCHOLARS AND THE GENERAL READER
OF SPECIAL INTEREST TO LIBRARY WORKERS
The Ghost in Hamlet
And Other Essays in Comparative Literature. By Dr.
MAURICE FRANCIS EGAN. 16mo, $1.00 net.
As Professor of English Literature at the Catholic Univer-
sity of Washington, Dr. Egan is well known both as a thorough
scholar and a charming writer. The other titles are: Some
Phases of Shakespearean Interpretation; Some Pedagogical
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peare; The Puzzle of Hamlet.
Literature of Libraries
17th and 18th Centuries. Edited by HENRY W. KENT,
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Large paper edition, limited to 25 sets, $25.00 net.
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the reach of persons interested, and especially of librarians, the
early authorities on these subjects. The volumes in this series
will be beautifully printed at the Merrymount Press.
A. C. McCLURG & CO., PUBLISHERS, CHICAGO


220
[April 1, 1906.
THE DIAL
Ready This Week
Two Notable Novels
Mr. Owen Wister's
new novel
Lady Baltimore by the author of “The Virginian "
The one characteristic of Mr. Wister's work is expressed in that overworked word sympathy. He knew and
loved the open plains and the life of the cattle range; so he gave us "The Virginian." His affection for the
southern city of his new book is as evident as his intimate knowledge of its folk and its historic past; so he
gives us a chivalrous, imprudent young hero - and charming women, young and old. Each is an absolutely
genuine and real bit of American life, besides being a delightful story.
Illustrated with full-page half-tones and drawings in the text. Cloth, $1.50.
Autographed large-paper edition, on Japanese rellum, 100 only offered for sale. $5.00 net.
Mr. Egerton Castle's
new novel
If Youth But Knew by the author of “Young April”
The book is totally different from Mr. Castle's "The Pride of Jennico," for example, but shares its atmosphere
of pure romance - the radiant freshness of a world still young. Illustrated by LAUNCELOT SPEED. Cloth, $1.50.
A Group of Biographies
of Uncommon Interest
TO THE STUDENT OF POLITICS
Mr. Winston Churchill, M. P.'s
Life of Lord Randolph Churchill
"Since Mr. Morley's famous Life of Gladstone' there has been no such important contribution to the history of
the last century."-Daily Mail, London.
For sheer, breathless interest it surpasses any work of the kind published in our time."-Daily Chronicle.
In two volumes. 8vo, $9.00 net (carriage extra).
TO THE STUDENT OF HISTORY
The Life and Writings of Benjamin Franklin
Edited by ALBERT H. SMYTH, Philadelphia. To be complete in ten volumes.
No edition of Franklin's writings has ever approached this in fulness."-Review of Reviews.
Everywhere we touch him he is the human and therefore the fascinating Franklin."-W.P. TRENT in The Forum.
Four volumes now ready. Cloth, 8vo, each $3.00 net (carriage extra).
TO THE STUDENT OF PERSONAL INFLUENCE
Professor C. T. Winchester's new Life of John Wesley
It is a truthful, vivid narrative of a personality of unusual power, one of the most prominent figures of the
eighteenth century, a man who for some thirty years probably exerted a stronger personal influence than any
other in all England.
Cloth, 8vo, $1.50 net (postage 15 cents).
Memoirs of Archbishop Temple by Seven Friends
Edited by E. G. SANDFORD, Archdeacon of Exeter. With photogravure and other illustrations.
Two volumes. 8vo, $9.00 net.
TO THE STUDENT OF ART
Mr. William Holman Hunt's autobiographical reminiscences
Pre-Raphaelitism and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
"Simply for its pictures of that old life, for its vivid anecdote, for its riches of personalia, and for its manly tone,
the narrative is readable and delightful to a wonderful degree."-Atlantic Monthly.
In two volumes. Illustrated with forty full-page photogravures. Cloth, 8vo, $10.00 net (carriage extra).
Other Recent Notable Issues
Dr. Henry Charles Lea's new work
A History of the Inquisition of Spain To be complete in four volumes
The author makes an uncommonly interesting contribution to the study of human history in his clear illuminat-
ing account of how Spain developed from the most tolerant to the most intolerant of Christian countries. Of the
disastrous outcome his later volumes will be the record. Volume I., 620 8vo pages. $2.50 net (postage 22 cents).
Mr. James Loeb's translation of M. Paul Decharme's
Euripides and the Spirit of His Dramas
It is noteworthy at once for its breadth of view, power of close analysis, and vigor of presentation. An introduc-
tion is supplied by Professor John Williams White, of Harvard University.
With four full-page illustrations. Cloth, octavo, 392 pages, $3.00 net.
The Macmillan Company, Publishers, 64-66 5th Ave., New York


THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER
BY THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS
PAGE
.
.
exhibit some particular sort of excellence in a
marked degree, it will find its special circle of
No. 475. APRIL 1, 1906. Vol. XL.
admirers, who will praise it for that quality
alone, caring little for its shortcomings in other
CONTENTS.
directions. And the total public, even of novel-
THE CARDINAL VIRTUES OF FICTION
221 readers who require of themselves some measure
of critical accounting for their own tastes, is so
COMMUNICATION
. 223
American Literature in British Periodicals. vast that it is sure to include enough people to
M. B. A.
constitute an audience of respectable propor-
SANDWICH ISLAND SOUVENIRS. Percy F.
tions for almost any author who displays any
Bicknell
223 kind of real ability, no matter how cramped
SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS AND HIS WORK. may be its expression.
Charles Henry Hart
225
Nevertheless, out of all the chaos of aim
WHAT IS IMMORTALITY? T. D. A. Cockerell 228 and achievement which is illustrated by modern
fiction, it ought to be — it must be — possible
FROM ANDREW JACKSON TO ANDREW
JOHNSON. Edwin E. Sparks
229
to evolve a critical order of some description, to
determine certain ideal standards of workman-
THE CITY AS DEMOCRACY'S HOPE. Charles
Zueblin
230 ship, and to classify under a few general cap-
tions the enduring elements of the artistic con-
TRAVELLERS IN MANY LANDS. H. E. Coblentz 232
Schillings's Flashlights in the Jungle. — Geil's A
ception embodied in the novel considered as a
Yankee in Pigmy Land.-Phillips's In the Desert. form of literary production. When one has
- Passmore's In Further Ardenne. — Hart's A
read some thousands of novels with a view to
Levantine Log Book. — Crosby's Tibet and Tur-
kestan. - Rawling's The Great Plateau. - De something more than the entertainment they
Guerville's New Egypt. — Murray's The High offer, with what we would call a scientific pur-
Road of Empire.
pose were it not for the unfortunate associations
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
236 of the word “ science” when mentioned in con-
A charming French hostess and her circle. — The
nection with literary criticism; when one has
poets as torch-bearers. —Wanderings on the Welsh
borderland. - The author of "Religio Medici." done this, the essential features of the novel-
Jotttings of a London journalist. “ Sanctified form gradually emerge from a welter of fugitive
on public problems.--Sea-shore life
on the eastern coast. -A glimpse of the ancient
impressions, and shape themselves in the read-
animal world. Nature essays and pictures. - er's consciousness, creating for him a norm to
General Sherman truthfully portrayed.
which he will thereafter refer his new impres-
BRIEFER MENTION
239 sions, and upon which he will base his judg-
NOTES
These features or elements we have
. 239
ments.
ventured to call the cardinal virtues of fiction,
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
240
and will now endeavor to consider them one by
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
241
one.
The first of the virtues may be called inven-
tion, although this single word is inadequate
THE CARDINAL VIRTUES OF FICTION.
for the expression of our meaning. Some such
The modern novel is so versatile a thing, and phrase as
phrase as selection of material” would be
offers so varied an appeal to the interests of its better, for of invention in the literal sense there
readers, that the determination of criteria for is not likely to be much question. The plots
its proper appraisement is made a peculiarly have all been used many times over, and even
difficult task for the critic. The difficulty is the incidents do not often have the merit of
possibly greater than in the case of any other real novelty. Relative novelty is about all that
of the recognized literary forms, since a novel the writer of fiction may hope to achieve, even
may achieve distinction, or at least obtain the in the details of his work, while for his main
vogue which is a temporary equivalent for dis material he is thrown back upon the old mo-
tinction, in any one of a score of ways. If it tives and complications. For effects which will
common sense
.
.


222
[April 1,
THE DIAL
produce even the illusion of novelty, his chief brief critical survey of the essentials of artistic
reliance must be in the stage-setting rather than fiction. It is the one absolutely indispensable
in the story, and here, so great is the possible virtue of the novel that is to be considered seri-
variety of scenes offered by life present and life ously, for the pages that do not frame for us
past, so changeable are the fashions of literature, figures of men and women who really live, who
and so short are the memories of readers, he are even more certainly denizens of the peopled
may succeed in lending a seeming freshness to world as our consciousness knows it than are
some tale which in its essence is as old as Rome most of the flesh and blood beings whom we
or Babylon.
jostle (but do not know) in the daily walk of life,
Closely allied to the virtue of what we have then those pages may be excellent literature, but
called invention is that of construction, and in they are assuredly not the pages of an excellent
the cultivation of this virtue the artist finds his novel. We have said that construction is a crea-
first real opportunity. The architectonic char- tive act, and so it is, but the creative act par
acter of a successful work of fiction is one of its excellence of the novelist is the shaping of hu-
most important features, and not a little of the man beings in the moulds of the imagination,
satisfaction we find in reading a novel comes from and their portrayal in such subtle wise, and with
the sense that we are following a logical plan, such force of penetrative sympathy, that they
with a nice adjustment of parts, with a careful take their rightful place among our intimates,
adaptation of means to ends, and with a steady becoming perhaps more truly our intimates than
development of plot-interest up to the moment those whom we know best in the actual world.
when the climax is reached. The art of proceed- Who has not felt, for example, that he has a
ing from climax to conclusion calls for no less closer acquaintance with some of the people of
thought than the art of working up to the climax, Scott's or Thackeray's or George Eliot's creation
and there is greater danger of scamping this part than with the best of his own personal friends ?
of the work than any other. To accomplish all
The novelist who creates character, then, may
that has here been suggested is to be truly crea be sure that his work will live, however it may
tive, not perhaps in the highest sense, but cer fail in practising the other virtues of the fictive
tainly creative in the sense of contributing an art. It is all the better, of course, if inven-
element of one's own to the material supplied by tive and constructive skill be superadded to the
the world outside.
power of characterization, and still better if, in
Many novels are successful, and deservedly so, further addition, there be exhibited the power
by virtue of excellence in these two respects of of style and the power of truth. By style we
invention and construction. Theirs is not the mean everything that relates to beauty in its
most enduring kind of success, but it is one by formal aspect, as distinguished from those other
no means to be despised. It is, moreover, the aspects of beauty which are the good and the
only kind of success that makes anything ap true. Style in the novel may be displayed in
proaching an immediate and universal appeal to many ways. Its most obvious function is found
readers, for the success that eventually sets a in the descriptive passages, but there is (or may
work of fiction among the classics of literature be) exhibited a power of style in the narrative,
is apt to be no more than a succès d'estime with in the analysis of motive, and even in the direct
the generation that witnesses its production. It discourse of the characters. And it must be
is not by the applause of contemporary throngs, remembered that although style is one, styles
but by the judgment of the few, accumulated are many, and verbal beauty is equally available
through following generations, that the world for the diverse moods of humor and pathos, of
comes to know for the masterpiece that it is such sparkling animation and serious contemplation.
a work as “ Don Quixote, “I Promessi If we find in characterization the supreme
Sposi," or “ Wilhelm Meister,” or “Tom creative activity of the novelist, and in style the
Jones,” or “ The Scarlet Letter.” Meanwhile, supreme expression of his feeling for formal
each generation has its own popular fictions, beauty, we must turn to truth for the supreme
outshining for the time more important works, expression of his artistic conscience. And we
but neglected by the next generation because mean by truth not only the truth of observation
lacking in the virtues of the higher sort. and report, of psychological relation and logical
These higher virtues, which are the sure anti- process, but also, and even more insistently, the
septics of literature, are the virtues of charac-truth that is ethical in its outlook, the truth that
terization, style, and truth. With the virtue of respects sanctions, and discerns morality to be
characterization we reach our own climax, in this in very fact the inmost nature of things. To
or


1906.]
223
THE DIAL
DIAL
was some
embody truth, thus apprehended, whether by
reason or by intuition, in the
Tbe
foundations
New Books.
very
of his structure, must be the aim of every serious
novelist, has been the determination of all the
SANDWICH ISLAND SOUVENIRS.*
novelists whose works we now hold in honor.
Thus fiction and truth, whose names are as the
To the Sandwich Islands, as they were then
poles, are seen as one and the same thing from commonly called, there went in 1831 a young
this philosophical viewpoint, which “
missionary, David Belden Lyman, of New
time a paradox, but now the time gives it proof.” Hartford, Connecticut. To share his labors in
The foregoing somewhat abstract discussion christianizing the heathen he took with him his
newly-wedded wife, a Green Mountain girl from
may seem to have little relation to fiction as
illustrated by the stories one reads from day to
Royalton, Vermont. Of this good New England
day for diversion, or by the publishers’ output parentage was born, four years later, at Hilo on
from year to year.
But its relation to fiction
in a serious sense, to fiction considered as con-
under review, Dr. Henry Munson Lyman. Like
stituting one of the three principal forms of
so many of the early missionaries sent out by
the American Board, the elder Lyman was
imaginative literature, is of the most vital char-
acter, for it is in accordance with some such
educated at Williams College, the birthplace of
analysis as we have here sought to make that
the foreign-mission movement, and at Andover
the definite literary status of every novel must Theological Seminary. And to Williams came
be fixed. The fact is irrelevant that ninety- training. An early page of his book gives a view
in course of time the son also for his college
nine novels out of every hundred would get no
status at all when rated by the tests here pro-
of Kellogg Hall, now no more, which older grad-
posed. It is with the hundredth novel alone that
uates will contemplate with pleasant memories,
the student of literature has to deal, and it is
and with ready recognition notwithstanding the
highly important that he deal with it upon a Hawaiian Yesterdays” is the story of a stren-
omission of its name on the plate and in the text.
clearly-outlined critical plan.
that we have suggested an outline and nothing
uous life amid the rudest surroundings. The
more, but it is frequently advisable, in criticism semi-savagery of the natives, the lack of the
as in other intellectual occupations, to recur to
commonest domestic conveniences, the heart-
first principles, to make sure that our point of breaking remoteness from civilization and
departure has been well-chosen, and that we have friends, the practical certainty of never more re-
started in the right direction for the unseen
visiting the scenes of childhood and youth, made
distant goal.
a Hawaiian missionary's calling a serious one
indeed. Some of its features have recently been
well portrayed in the biography of General Arm-
COMMUNICATION.
strong, whose father's term of service at Honolulu
synchronized in large part with the Rev. David
AMERICAN LITERATURE IN BRITISH
Lyman's labors at Hilo. The present picture of
PERIODICALS.
Hawaiian life introduces another portion of the
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
In the January number of a magazine called “Cur-
archipelago, and, keeping the more serious and
rent Literature I found that fine, significant poem,
sometimes tragic elements in the background,
“ The King's Fool,” by Mr. William J. Neidig, printed gives in a most interesting way the youthful im-
with the following editorial introduction:
pressions and occupations and amusements of the
“ The stansas below come from one of the British periodicals. writer. Indeed, not a few of his pages, in their
We have neglected to make a record of the name."
Chancing to open, just now, a new periodical entitled graphic account of ingenious adaptation of means
“The Shakespeare Monthly and Library Companion,"I to ends, are agreeably reminiscent—unintention-
find Mr. Aldrich's well-known lines, “Gulielmus Rex,” ally reminiscent, no doubt - of that classic of
printed under the caption - The Unknown Shakespeare,”
with this preliminary note:
our childhood, “ The Swiss Family Robinson.”
"To the Editor:- The following was clipped from an Irish
Could a reviewer bestow higher praise ? A not-
newspaper of recent date. The writer's name is not given. If able instance of Yankee ingenuity and thrift oc-
you think it worthy of a place," etc., etc.
The vicarious modesty of the “ if you think it worthy”
curs in an early chapter. The General Meeting
is touching!
of the Hawaiian mission was an annual conven-
Query: Is there a syndicate engaged in conveying"
tion of missionaries and their wives for spiritual
American literature to British periodicals?
HAWAIIAN YESTERDAYS. Chapters from a Boy's Life in the
M. B. A.
Islands in the Early Days. By Henry M. Lyman, M.D. Hlus-
Stanford University, March 20, 1906,
trated. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co.


224
[April 1,
THE DIAL
DIAL
6
quickening, and also for the supplying of bodily the lake of fire. This was a circular pool, fully a thou-
needs out of such cargoes as had arrived from
sand feet in diameter, surrounded by a wall of rock, so
Boston in the preceding twelve months.
that as we stood upon the brink the melted lava was
fifteen or twenty feet below us. Its whole mass was
“On a certain occasion, the Reverend Mr. Richards in motion, furiously bubbling and boiling, and dashing
arrived from his station at Lahaina, only in time to up waves of red-hot foam and spray. Sometimes there
ascertain that the last vestige of clothing had been dis would be a partial calm, as of the sea after a storm; a
tributed, leaving him literally out in the cold.' This considerable portion of the surface would freeze over
was a dreadful disappointment, for his only pair of black with smooth hard lava, such as we had under foot; but
trousers was in the last stage of disintegration; and in in a few minutes there would be a violent outbreak, and
what other color could he appear before the Lord as an the broad field would split open across its whole extent,
honored and God-fearing ecclesiastic ? His excellent allowing the melted rock to rise through the crevices
wife came cheerfully to the rescue, bringing forth from like water coming up over the ice on a river during a
some hidden store an old black satin shirt - treasured freshet in the Spring of the year. Huge cakes of solid
memento of youthful gaiety and worldly pleasure. This lava would tilt up on end, slowly turning over, and
long-discarded article was now offered again upon the finally disappearing in a tremendous whirlpool of fiery
altar of sacrifice, and under the housewife's deft manip surf thrown up from below. This exhibition was being
ulation reappeared once more upon the stage of active continually renewed all over the lake, while we stood
life, transformed into a suit of staid and sombre hue
chained to the spot, and lost in admiration of the awful
a thoroughly regulated specimen of a genuinely evan spectacle, till an unusually vigorous outburst, surging
gelical pattern. But alas for poor human nature! The forth from under the banks, warned us that we were
incident was eagerly caught up by the profane beach upon an overhanging table-rock which might be hurled
combers of Honolulu, and all along the seacoast of New at any moment into the sea of fire."
England was recited the story of the luxury in which
The author, after being well started in book-
Hawaiian missionaries were living. •Why, their clothes
are made of nothing less expensive than the costliest
learning by his mother, attended the Reverend
silks and satins!'”
Daniel Dole's school for mission children at
This same Mr. Richards was the hero of a bap- Punahou, near Honolulu. The teacher's name
tismal episode too amusing to omit. A native
will call to mind ex-Governor Sanford B. Dole,
couple, the proud parents of an infant boy, on his son, who (another parallelism) came also to
presenting the child for baptism and being asked Massachusetts and to Williams College to finish
what name they had chosen for their son and
his education. Other helpful influences besides
heir, promptly replied, “ Beelzebub.” Only
“ Beelzebub.” Only those of school and mission chapel were not
after grave remonstrance would they relinquish wanting to the Lymans. Travellers of distinc-
their choice. The name they finally insisted tion sought shelter from time to time under the
upon as a substitute was “Mr. Richards,”, for missionary's roof. In this way acquaintance
that was certainly the name of a good man if
was made with the geologist Dana, with Pro-
the other was not; and so the babe was chris-
fessor Chester S. Lyman of Yale, with Richard
tened - Mr. Richards."
H. Dana, Jr., Henry T. Cheever, Miss Isabella
David Lyman early started a school for native Bird, Miss Gordon Cumming, Lady Franklin,
boys at Hilo, handing over his pastoral duties Mrs. Brassey, and others. The writer's expe-
to the Rev. Titus Coan, father of the now better- riences were enlarged also by considerable work
known Dr. Titus Munson Coan, our author's as a land-surveyor at the age of sixteen, when
playmate and lifelong friend. With this com-
he received a government appointment through
rade, or with the boys of the school and their
a friend's intercession. Soon afterward he
teacher, the writer made exploring tours about took passage in a whaler for New Bedford and
the island and to the volcanoes of Kilauea and a Massachusetts college, sailing round Cape
Mauna Loa in the interior. Noteworthy, among
Horn, of course, and spending one hundred and
other things, is the absence of those countless forty days at sea. Two sperm whales were
forms of reptile and insect life that might have
taken just after the Cape was doubled, and
made such excursions in a tropical climate un-
sundry other incidents diversified the voyage.
pleasant if not dangerous. These happy con-
If the earlier chapters recall the famous adven-
ditions have now, it appears, been somewhat
tures of the Robinson family, the later pages
changed for the worse by the importation of the occasionally remind one of the equally interest-
mosquito, along with other accompaniments of ing experiences narrated by the author of "Two
civilization. A description of Kilauea in action,
Years before the Mast."
as viewed from the crater's edge, will perhaps
Some few matters for criticism, unimportant
be welcome to those unfamiliar with such spec-
in themselves, but perhaps noteworthy to a
tacles.
careful reviewer, may be briefly set down in
“Over the recently hardened lava we traveled nearly closing. When, in describing his voyage round
half a mile, coming suddenly upon the level margin of the Horn, the writer speaks of “ Oceanus and


1906.]
225
THE DIAL
a
-
Varuna, with their joyous cohort, ... rising close to his eyes, which “ Ursa Major ” remon-
from repose beneath the purple sea,” he allows strated against as preserving a record of his
himself a mixture of mythologies that might have near-sightedness, saying to Mrs. Thrale: “ Rey-
been avoided with the same propriety that for- nolds may paint himself as deaf as he chooses,
bids a mixture of metaphors. A Hawaiian youth but I will not be Blinking Sam in the eyes
of
of unusual vocal power is said to be “ blessed posterity.” Such an objection coming from
with the lungs of a stentor.” Why is our Ho- Johnson seems odd, in view of the answer he once
meric herald thus relegated to the category of gave to Boswell's question as to what was the
common nouns ? A mountain gorge is called first merit of a portrait, -- " Truth, Sir, is of the
canon
- with no tilde over the n. If the greatest value in these things.”
printer's font lacked this character, the word Flattery or no flattery, there can be no ques-
could easily, and very properly, have been spelled tion in the mind of anyone familiar with Rey-
“ canyon.” “ Cadavoric ” is perhaps a mere mis nolds's work that his portraits of the men and
print; “dicispline” certainly is. Calling the women of his time enable one to live those times
porpoise a fish may be suffered to pass as a bit over again with them. His power of characteri-
of literary license. The book is well illustrated, zation was so strong, and he had such an agile
although some of the plates, from paintings by hand to fix it as quickly as it was discerned, that
Miss Gordon Cumming, are less excellent tech- each portrait he has given us, in all the enor-
nically than they are interesting for other reasons. mous number he painted, is the portrait of the
From cover to cover the book is entertaining, individual limned. Other painters executed por-
and we trust its writer's cheerful yesterdays may traits of Johnson, Goldsmith, Burke, Sterne, and
be followed by many confident to-morrows. of many other notable characters; but in Rey-
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
nolds's portraits of these personages we know
that we see the men before us as they appeared
to their friends and contemporaries, and we read
their characters in their faces as we have read
them in their lives and writings.
SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS AND HIS WORK.*
There never was a painter who had the power
Sir Joshua Reynolds is, and must remain, of giving such distinction to his portraits as
easily the first portrait painter of the eighteenth Reynolds had ; and it is quite remarkable that
century, and his portraits are universally ac-
this should be so, considering that he was not an
knowledged to be among the best ever painted. | impeccable draughtsman. But he did possess to
He can therefore, without danger, be brought a marked degree that intangible quality called
into close contrast with the illustrious portrait taste, which made him avoid whatever was com-
painters that preceded him, while none who have monplace or conventional in pose and arrange-
come after have approached the wide scope and ment, and always gave grace and dignity to his
broad powers that were undeniably his. That work. Reynolds had other defects as a painter
his portraits are often flattered likenesses, as was
besides his frequent bad drawing, which we can-
charged in Reynolds's own day, is undoubtedly not help thinking, in view of the superb drawing
true ; but he never sacrificed character to flat in some of his pictures (especially the Lord
tery, not even in his portraits of women, where Heathfield and the Doctor Johnson in the Na-
it was most often exercised. In many of his male
tional Gallery), was due to haste and carelessness;
portraits, he is a pronounced, almost a brutal, while some of it may be owing to the fact that.
realist, not even saving himself, - as witness, in
as witness, in he never drew with charcoal but painted in with
one of his self-portraits he wears spectacles, in the full brush from the start. His portraits
another he holds his ear-trumpet, and in a third
sometimes lack solidity and seriousness, and his
has his hand to his ear in the attitude of listen-mania for experimenting with colors has led
ing, each of these details marking his infirmities, to the fading and cracking of his work to a
either of sight or of hearing ; recall also that lamentable degree, so that his fame, especially
great portrait of Doctor Johnson holding a book as a colorist, rests largely upon the testimony of
those who saw his works fresh from the easel or
* SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS, First President of the Royal Acad-
emy. By Sir Walter Armstrong. Popular edition. Illustrated. comparatively soon after, before time and the
New York: Imported by Charles Scribner's Sons.
restorer together had helped to ruin them. He
SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS, P.R.A. By William B. Boulton. Illus-
trated. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
and the art-loving public also owe a large debt
DISCOURSES delivered to the students of the Royal Academy. of gratitude to the masterful mezzotint scrapers
By Sir Joshua Reynolds, Kt. With Introduction and Notes by
Roger Fry. Illustrated. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
of his time, who have handed down his works in


226
[April 1,
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-
the beautiful black and white translations we all is no need to speak here at length; the outlines
know so well, and thus preserved what otherwise of his character are so simple, so familiar, they
would have been in great part lost.
have been retraced so often by his contempo-
Sir Joshua Reynolds has been “ written up raries and successors, and that with such a re-
almost to death. Biographies, studies, and mono markable uniformity of commendation — if we
graphs upon him are legion,—from those written except a few spiteful phrases in Cunningham's
by his contemporaries who knew him, such as Life and the singular view of his actions taken
Northcote, Farington, Mason, and Malone, fol- by Sir Walter Armstrong - that to repeat them
lowed by Cunningham, Cotton, Leslie, and here again would be superfluous. One need only
Taylor, down to the present time, when the latest refer to the rounded completeness and harmony,
are the volumes by Sir Walter Armstrong and the deliberation and method he showed in all
by Mr. W. B. Boulton. His Discourses, too, his undertakings, and the freedom from all that
have been many times printed and reprinted, is petty or narrow, which distinguished him in
translated and edited ; notwithstanding which we life as much as in art and made each so nicely
now have a new edition with notes by Mr. Roger complementary to the other.” What is the mes-
Fry. Sir Joshua can therefore hardly be called, sage conveyed by a picture, depends wholly upon ,
personally or professionally, an unknown quan- the point of view of the beholder ; and whether
tity, and his character has always been held up that message is the one intended by the painter,
as altogether admirable and signally free from or the very reverse, depends likewise upon how
taint, except in the writings of the two Scotch near alike are the view-points of the painter and
men who have written about him, Allan Cun of the observer. Now Sir Joshua's point of
ningham and Sir Walter Armstrong, each of view and Sir Walter's are as far apart as the
whom seems to nurture some uncanny
Scotch antipodes. Were this not so it would be im-
malevolence against him. I have tried to dis possible for Sir Walter to see Sir Joshua as he
cover if there could be any national reason for has drawn him; and such being the case, while
this strange antipathy, but can find none; and Sir Walter's views of Sir Joshua, both as a man
were it not for the coincidence that it is only and as an artist, may be perfectly satisfactory
Scotchmen who have decried him, it would not to him, they will satisfy no unbiased student of
be worth mentioning.
the life and works of the First President of the
The volume by Sir Walter Armstrong is a Royal Academy of Arts. Sir Walter seems to
republication, without revision (which is a pity, think it a crime for a man to be well balanced,
considering that the Graves and Cronin "His- temperate, and calm.
tory of the Works of Sir Joshua Reynolds” has To an analytical criticism of the two Scotch
since appeared and would have cleared up some detractors of Reynolds, Mr. Boulton devotes ten
doubtful attributions of ownership, etc.), of a pages of his volume. Of the first, he says
luxurious folio issued in 1900, which contained (p. 314): “ To this account of the painter, he
an important catalogue of Sir Joshua's work, [Allan Cunningham] brought no single fact
quite the most valuable part of the volume, but that was not already preserved in the lives by
which unfortunately is omitted from the reprint. Northcote and Malone, but he deliberately took
This is particularly bad, as on page 16+ of the the plain tales of those writers and treated them
reprint, in a note to the paintings of “Mrs. Sid with an ingenuity of perversion which is alto-
dons as the Tragic Muse,” the reader is referred gether extraordinary.” Of the second, he writes
to the catalogue: “For some further details bear- (p. 317): “ The latest and most notable of the
ing on their history, see the Catalogue at the end critics of Reynolds's character is Sir Walter
of this volume.” But non est. A folio is such Armstrong, who in that fine volume published
an inconvenient volume to read, that I had not in 1900 arrives at much the same estimate of
tackled the original edition, and so was ready the man as Allan Cunningham. It is needless,
to welcome eagerly its republication in handy however, to say that his views are expressed
size. What was my dismay on finding that Sir without any of Cunningham's rancour, and that
Walter's point of view as to Reynolds's life they are the result of an obvious endeavor to be
and character was, to say the least, unusual and just. The present writer is none the less con-
equally untenable. His whole aim seems to be vinced that Sir Walter is completely mistaken
to belittle and disparage Sir Joshua as a man, in the opinion he has formed of Reynolds's per-
and as a result to lessen the potentiality of his sonality.” And as a final and impartial judg-
art. As Mr. Fry well says in his introduction ment upon Reynolds's character, by one who,
to the Discourses : “ Of Reynolds the man there all will admit, “knew the times better than
-


1906.]
227
THE DIAL
most and was gifted beyond the ordinary with Reynolds, this volume is easily the best general
an insight into the hearts of men and women,
survey that we know.
Mr. Boulton ends his volume with Thackeray's The third work is written in that clear and
words: “I declare, I think of all the polite terse English for which Reynolds's Discourses
men of that age Joshua Reynolds was the finest have ever been distinguished, and which has
gentleman.'
put into the heads of some people the thought
It is a wonder that Sir Walter did not, fol that Johnson or Burke had a hand in their
lowing the fashion of the present day when a composition, -- on hearing which the gruff old
man is to be flayed by his biographer, call his lexicographer exclaimed, “ Reynolds would as
book “ The True Sir Joshua Reynolds." Then soon require me to paint for him as to write.”
we should have known what to expect. We Mr. Fry's reason for this new edition of the Dis-
might, indeed, have been prepared for some courses we cordially endorse. He writes : “ The
thing of the kind by the “ Author's Note.” “ If present edition has been undertaken from a be-
my estimate of his character is found to differ lief that their value still persists, that the Dis-
in essential points from that usually accepted, I c
courses are not merely a curious and entertain-
can only say that it has been formed after a ing example of eighteenth century literature,
very careful weighing of the evidence.” This but that they contain principles and exhibit a
“ careful weighing of the evidence ” would im- mental attitude which are of the highest value
ply the exercise of the judicial spirit, which is to the artist.” Mr. Fry has written a general
precisely what is most wanting in Sir Walter's introduction to the body of Discourses, and a
pages, and stamps his estimate of Reynolds's separate special introduction to each discourse ;
character as both narrow and perverted. One and he advises that these introductions, as they
trouble with Sir Walter is his utter inability to are really commentaries, should be read after
assimilate the atmosphere of the eighteenth cen and not before the discourse itself. He has also
tury. He is a twentieth centurion to the back- supplied lucid critical notes to the reproductions
bone, with no sentiment and no imagination. of those paintings which Reynolds especially
The styles of these volumes are as different considered noteworthy, and his work is well done
as their treatment. The first is marred by the and exceedingly valuable.
bad taste of attempting to be funny when treat While Reynolds's political opinions are not
ing of serious matters, and the constant in- of much consequence at this day, yet one phase
jection of foreign words and phrases in a “polly of them is of some interest on this side of the
show
your
larnin'
manner, when “the well of
He was a stanch Whig and a friend of
English undefiled” would have served a better the colonies. Copley has received the credit of
purpose; together with the use of obsolete words having given Sir Joshua this bias; but if he did,
and careless repetitions, as where, on page 122, it was doubtless much strengthened by his famil-
Sheridan's play “ A Trip to Scarborough ” is iar intercourse with Edmund Burke. However
mentioned as a “ toned-down version of Van- this may be, it is amusing to note that when
brugh's Relapse,” and four pages later we read Townsend, the father of the Stamp Act bill, sat
“ The Trip to Scarborough, Sheridan's version to Reynolds, they wrangled over the colonies, and
of Vanbrugh's Relapse.”
the artist bet the politician (who was boasting
The second is altogether a delightful book, that the arch-rebel Washington would soon be
well flavored with the atmosphere of the times, brought to England a prisoner, and that he
and generally well written, but with some pas- would bring him to Sir Joshua to paint his por-
sages quite involved and obscure, so as to require trait) that Washington would never enter his
a careful re-reading to ascertain the sense. Mr. studio.
studio. The bet, which was five pounds against
Boulton has culled judiciously from what has been a thousand, made quite a sensation in London,
written about Reynolds by those who knew and and Reynolds was forced to repeat it a score of
understood him, as well as by those who did not, times, on the same terms, to his own advantage.
and the result is eminently satisfactory; while Reynolds was as careless in signing his pic-
his final chapters, on “The Artist " and on tures as have been other painters of past times.
“ The Man,” are thoroughly convincing. He He is known to have signed but two canvases,
has a refined critical sense, and does Sir Joshua, the “Mrs. Siddons” and “Lady Cockburn with
both as a man and as an artist, ample justice, her Children.” Sir Walter Armstrong claims
without in any way becoming a servile eulogist. that this assertion “is not strictly true”; but
While the work of Leslie and Taylor must re he fails to instance other signed pictures to sus-
main the best source for an original study of tain the correctness of his assertion, which he
ocean.


228
[April 1,
THE DIAL
certainly should have done did he know them. we are seeking, and we turn to consider other
Our own Stuart is known to have signed but types of persistence. It is generally said that
two canvases also ; and it is pertinent to inquire matter and energy cannot be created or destroyed;
here, where is Stuart's portrait of Sir Joshua but this means, merely, that the sum-totals are
Reynolds, painted for Boydell?
supposed to remain the same, the individuality
Although these three volumes bear the im- of particular portions of these things being con-
prints of American houses, they are of English tinually subject to change and disappearance.
manufacture, and unfortunately have the fault, We do not actually know that mass and energy
so common in transatlantic publications, of inad are unchangeable in amount; and given eternity,
equate indexing, while possessing the usual En- the probability may be equally strong for or
glish excellence of typography and illustrations. against any statement based upon human expe-
CHARLES HENRY HART. rience. The prevalent conception of the eternity
of the elementary bodies has been rudely shaken
of late; and, in fact, it appears that there is a
whole series of such bodies, persisting for vary-
WHAT IS IMMORTALITY ?*
ing periods, from a few seconds to many millions
The Ingersoll Lecture for 1906 was delivered of years; or, for practical purposes, forever.
by Dr. Wilhelm Ostwald, Professor of Physical But whatever may be true concerning these
Chemistry at Leipzig, and temporary Professor things, they do not throw any light on human
at Harvard. The perennial subject of this now
immortality, because there is no permanence of
celebrated lectureship is “ The Immortality of individuality. There is an irresistible tendency
Man”; and if Professor Ostwald's treatment of towards diffusion and homogeneity, and this is
it does remind us of the famous chapter on snakes equally true of man. There is also perpetual
in Iceland, it at any rate represents the matured change, so that what we call the persistence of
opinions of a scientific man of preëminent ability, individuality in ordinary life means only the con-
and as such deserves and will receive widespread tinuity of a series of changes. Survival after
attention.
death does not necessarily imply immortality;
At the very outset, the lecturer calls attention
it may be regarded in two ways,
either as con-
to the fact that our knowledge " is an incomplete tinuity of changes or as the passage into a trans-
piece of patchwork ”; but, he adds, each one is cendent state in which there is no further change,
bound to make the best possible use of it, such
and time and space cease to have any meaning.
as it is, never forgetting that it may at any time
In the latter case, we have what is practically
be superseded by new discoveries or ideas. In equivalent to annihilation ; in the former, we
this truly scientific spirit, very remote from the have the prolongation of that which, in the case
dogmatism of the churches, Professor Ostwald of persons who have reached old age, appears to
proceeds to consider what immortality may be have already run its course, so that death is sim-
supposed to be, and what reasons we have for ply the doing away with something which has
believing in it.
ceased to have any reason for living. Socially,
The argument runs something like this: Mem we may speak of the immortals," whose works
ory, in a broad sense, is characteristic of all live after them, but even they must fade from
organic life, but man differs from all the other memory as distinct individuals, sooner or later.
creatures in the much greater development of Finally, if we give up the idea of personal im-
this power, whereby his culture and adaptability mortality, we may perhaps be led thereby to a
become possible. Memory links the past with higher ethical plane ; for we shall see that our
the present, and makes possible psychical con-
real continuity is in the human race, and shall
tinuity. Heredity may be regarded as an analo- thus be led to identify ourselves more and more
gous phenomenon, and hence, so long as the race with it; and so the lecturer concludes :
remains alive, it may be regarded as one, like
« Beside the fact of inherited taint there exists the
the individual. This physical “ immortality"
fact of inherited perfection, and every advance which
we, by the sweat of our brows, may succeed in making
appears to have no necessary ending, but it is
towards our own perfection is so much gain for our
easy to conceive of the destruction of all indi- children and our children's children forever. I must
viduals living upon the earth ; and given time confess that I can think of no grander perspective of
enough, such destruction appears certain. This, immortality than this.”
however, is not really the sort of immortality
The discussion is an interesting one, both
from its statement of scientific views and from
By Wilhelm Ostwald.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin & Co.
the glimpse it affords of the mind of the author.
* INDIVIDUALITY AND IMMORTALITY.


1906.]
229
THE DIAL
It is, nevertheless, strangely incomplete, almost ends, while the material for experience continues.
ignoring the deeper questions at issue. What
What This, of course, is beyond demonstration.
does Professor Ostwald mean by “ forever” in The linking of the present with the past is
the last quotation ? If it is not a piece of mere logically explicable only on the view that the
rhetoric, it is incorrect in the light of one of present contains that which embodies the past.
the most assured prophecies of science that the Strictly speaking, when we “ remember" what
human race must sooner or later come to an end. happened last week, we become aware of what
This earth cannot perpetually revolve in the has been recorded in the brain, just as we might
same orbit, warmed by the same sun; for even learn by reading the contents of a book. When
solar systems have but their little day. Where, the past shall have ceased to be exhibited in the
then, is the promise of immortality; and, in the present, it will have departed indeed; but it is
light of eternity, what greater value have the science herself who denies this very possibility,
days of humanity collectively, than those of asserting that effect implies cause, ad infinitum.
single individuals ?
Personality, existing always in the present,
What, after all, are the attributes of per moves rather than is prolonged in time, and
sonality ? Personality is able to experience ; hence cannot be conceived to be submerged in
it is that which experiences. Says Professor it. But in the succession of experiences which
Ostwald : “ If we recall the happiest moments make up conscious life, this or that may occupy
of our lives, they will be found in every case to the field, and we know not what we are destined
be connected with a curious loss of personal- to “remember,” what to "
to remember," what to "forget.” It is a great
ity. In the happiness of love this fact will be mystery, but one which every hour of ordinary
at once discovered. And if you are enjoying existence affords, on a small scale.
intensely a work of art, a symphony of Bee-
T. D. A. COCKERELL.
thoven's, for example, you find yourself relieved
of the burden of personality and carried away
by the stream of music as a drop is carried
by a wave.” What a curious misconception!
FROM ANDREW JACKSON TO
In the moments of the most intense feeling, per-
ANDREW JOHNSON.*
sonality is said to be lost! On the contrary, it
reaches its highest power, and is found indeed.
A new style of biography was introduced to
The confusion comes from a materialistic con-
the world of letters a few years since, by Mr.
Burton Alva Konkle, in the “Life and Times
ception of individuality which underlies the
whole argument. Objectively, to the ordinary Revolutionary soldier, and later judge of the
of William Smith,” a Pennsylvania patriot,
individual, Professor Ostwald is a professor at
Leipzig, and a great chemist. When he hears
State Superior Court. The novelty of Mr.
beautiful music, or sees a charming landscape, Konkle’s method lies in the introduction of
he totally forgets, for the moment, that he is
matter not pertaining to the activities of the
either of the things just mentioned; he forgets background for his entire career.
man of whom he is writing, but serving as a
What was
his name, his age, his nationality. Has he then
lost himself in the
done for eastern Pennsylvania in that attempt
process By no means; he
has, on the contrary, found what is most funda-
has now been duplicated for Pittsburg and
mental in his being ; and has, in the act, proved
western Pennsylvania by Mr. Konkle in a two-
himself independent of the accessories which in
volume “Life and Speeches of Thomas Will-
ordinary life seem of first importance.
iams,” a statesman of that region. By extracts
Tested in the same way, the assertion that from contemporary descriptions, the reader is
mental life is conditioned by bodily existence given a conception of the economic and social
conditions which Williams met at different times
assumes a quite different meaning. If person-
of his life. The work is a local history of
ality is that which experiences, and if it can
reside in time and space, must it not experience Pennsylvania projected on a biographical back-
those things which time and space
afford ?
ground. In his preface, the author announces
What I may see and feel at any given time de-
another similar biography, this time upon “ a
conservative Democratic leader," a contempo-
pends upon what is there, and it makes no differ-
ence to the argument whether the "things” are
rary of Williams.
" things in themselves" or projections of my
The advantage of the author's method lies
own imagination. To show that there is no im * LIFE AND SPEECHES OF THOMAS WILLIAMS, Orator, States-
mortality, it is necessary to show that experience volumes. Illustrated. Philadelphia: Campion & Co.
?
man, and Jurist, 1806-1872. By Burton Alva Konkle. In two


230
[April 1,
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war
in the chance that some reader uninterested in election of a Speaker of the House.“ It was,"
the man may be attracted by the local history. said he, " in the very midst of the tempest and
On the other hand, it requires the introduction fury of denunciation on the floor of Congress,
of a vast amount of extraneous matter not prop and while the Council Chamber of the Nation
erly belonging to biography. The life of Wiſl was ringing with the treason, which the gal-
iams, for example, is drawn out to more than leries were applauding to the echo, that the in-
seven hundred pages, largely by reprints of his vocation to the friends of Union, which is to be
speeches and pamphlets on the policy of the found in the call that gathered the people at
city of Pittsburg in making subscriptions to the Chicago, was penned by my own hand.”
construction of railways entering it. This was During construction times in Congress, Will-
purely a local matter, and one that has not iams allied himself with the Radicals, although
left an impress upon national history. The in not so extreme in policy as Stevens and his
troduction of an almost equally long description crowd. Writing to his wife in 1866, he said
of the “ buck-shot in Pennsylvania has that a strong disposition existed to impeach
more warrant, because that event was closely President Johnson. No one has any respect
connected with national politics.
for and nobody goes to see him. If we could
Much more valuable than the
many reprinted feel sure of the Senate, there would be no hesi-
pamphlets and speeches of Thomas Williams, tation about the matter." Again, in describing
and even of greater moment than the local his a refusal to dine with the president, Williams
tory with which he was associated, are his letters, says he does not care to sit down at table with
which by this method have been relegated to the any man for whom he has no personal respect,
background, and for the most part are repre one who has betrayed his friends and taken
sented by extracts only. A full collection of the to his bosom the worst and vilest of his coun-
letters of this " founder of the Whig and Repub- try's enemies.” Williams was one of the man-
lican parties," as the author modestly dubs him, agers of the impeachment trial of Johnson, and
or even the subjection of other matter to the let- bitterly regretted the failure to convict.
ters, would have resulted in a most interesting The two volumes seem passably free from
commentary on public men and matters between errata. A strange mistake appears (page 726)
1830 and 1870.
A rare glimpse of President in the statement that Andrew Johnson was not
Jackson is given in a letter from Williams in impeached; that to secure impeachment re-
Washington, whither he had gone with a Pitts- quired a two-thirds vote of the Senate. The
burg delegation to protest (think of the courage author evidently confuses impeachment with
it required !) against the removal of the deposits conviction. Johnson was impeached by vote of
from the United States bank. The men were the House, February 24, 1868. The illustra-
scarcely seated in the White House when the tions are of unusual value, embracing reproduc-
General opened his batteries and poured forth a tions of contemporary cartoons, cuts, and fac-
volley of abuse. “ Little as I had been in the similes of manuscripts and invitations. Few
habit of contemplating him to be," says the let- of these have been heretofore reproduced.
ter, “ I confess I was amazed, shocked at an ex-
EDWIN E. SPARKS.
hibition of coarseness & vulgarity which I had
not been prepared to expect. There was an utter
want of that dignity which overawes imperti-
THE CITY AS DEMOCRACY'S HOPE.*
nence & enforces respect. He even so far forgot
his high station as to contradict flatly our repre It is difficult to review dispassionately a book
sentative, Mr. Denny, & to assert that he knew one could wish he had written himself, but in a
more about the condition of the State Banks
country where everyone professes to believe in
than all of us together."
democracy it is both a privilege and a duty to
Like Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Williams announce a genuine herald. Those of us whose
retired from politics after the Mexican war, but faith has remained undiminished must rejoice
re-entered because of the repeal of the Mis- in such an effective and concrete exposition as
souri Compromise. He took an active part in Mr. Howe's volume on “ The City” in an era of
the Republican Convention of 1856, and drew skepticism and flippancy. As the author says,
the call for the Convention of 1860 to meet in
“ Distrust of democracy has inspired much of
Chicago. At the time of writing this call he the literature on the city. Distrust of democ-
was a visitor to Washington, where sectional pas-
sion was at its height in the contest over the Ph.D. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
THE CITY, THE HOPE OF DEMOCRACY. By Frederic C. Howe,


1906.]
231
THE DIAL
racy has dictated most of our city laws. ... Our through public oversight of the conditions of factory
charters have been drawn on the supposition labor. It safeguards him from contagious diseases,
facilitates communication upon the streets, and in some
that all officials were to be distrusted, rather
than that all officials were to be held to account."
instances offers opportunities for higher technical and
professional education.
The confusion about municipal corruption is of “All these intrusions into the field of private business
a kind with the doubts about democracy. We
have involved no loss of freedom to the individual.
have been neither frank nor scientific enough to
Every increase of public activity has, in fact, added to
personal freedom. Whatever the motive, the real lib-
go to the root of the problem-economic self-
erty of the individual has been immeasurably enlarged
interest.
through the assumption of these activities by the
“We do not question this motive in the saloonkeeper city.
who organizes his precinct for a liberal Sunday. His pol « And all this has been achieved at an insignificant
itics are not ethical, they are due to self-interest. The cost. The expenditure of the average city of over a
same instinct is reflected, consciously or unconsciously, quarter of a million inhabitants ranges from sixteen dol-
in the leaders of finance, the franchise seekers, the lars to thirty-four dollars per capita, or from sixty
banker and the broker, the lawyer and the press; all
dollars to one hundred and thirty-six dollars per family,
are fearful of democracy, when democracy dares to be a sum which would scarcely pay for the education of a
lieve in itself. We all know that economic self-interest single child at a private institution.”
determines the politics of the saloon. We are begin- Yet these privileges are trifling compared with
ning to realize that the same self-interest is the politics
of big business. This realization explains the awakening
what might be enjoyed if the public possessed
of democracy, which is taking place in city and state all
what the city has given away.
6. The value
over the land.”
of the physical property of the seven traction
Privilege and democracy cannot thrive together. companies in Chicago has been appraised at
The spoils system is undemocratic: it is petty $44,922,011 ; while the market value of the
privilege. Franchise-grabbing is not only un securities issued by the corporations amounts
democratic, it is anti-democratic. Inflated values to $120,235,539; the public debt of the city in
based on a social gift " is the price that all our 1900 was $32,989,819, or $42,323,709 less
cities are paying to those who have requited than the value of the franchises of the traction
this gift by overturning our institutions. It is interests alone."
the price which many
insist we should continue Mr. Howe's application of the single tax
to pay because of the alleged greater efficiency seems particularly plausible as a means of pro-
of private enterprise, and the fear that dem- viding revenue for the unremunerative functions
ocracy is not equal to the additional burdens which the public service corporations gladly ac-
involved in the assumption of new obligations. cord the city as legitimate municipal activities.
The subordination of private interest to pub “ Its immediate effect would be a stimulus to building,
lic welfare is to be achieved, according to Mr. It would at once increase the house supply, it would
Howe, by the extension of municipal functions
encourage improvements which would then go untaxed.
Moreover it would force land now lying idle into pro-
and the appropriation of the unearned incre-
ductive use.
It would encourage the honorable and
ment. In the first instance the transformation punish the slum landlord. It would place a premium
is imminent.
upon the model tenement and a penalty on the shack.
“But that the private activities of today will become
: . Such a change could be inaugurated in any city by
the public ones of tomorrow is inevitable. The crêche,
a law or ordinance exempting all improvements and
kindergarten, the settlement, playgrounds, public baths, personal property from taxation. . . . It seems destined
lodging houses, hospitals, were inspired by private phil- by nature as a means of compensation for the costs of
anthropy. They are slowly passing under public con-
municipal life. . . During the years from 1885 to
trol. . . . Today the city protects his [the citizen's]
1900 inclusive, in San Francisco, the total taxes levied
life and property from injury. It safeguards his health for city, county, and state purposes upon real estate,
in countless ways. It oversees his house construction improvements and personal property was $84,252,058,
and protects him from fire. It cleans and lights his
at the average rate of $5,265,753 per year. This is
streets, collects his garbage, supplies him with em-
very much less than the annnal speculative increase in
ployees through free employment bureaus. It educates
the land alone. . . . In New York the increase in land
his children, supplies them with books and in many in-
values from 1904 to 1905 was $140,000,000, or $20,-
stances with food. It offers him a library and through 000,000 more than the value of all the offices, hotels,
the opening of branches almost brings it to his door. It apartment houses, and other structures, erected during
offers nature in the parks; supplies him with oppor-
the year. While labor and capital added $120,000,000
tunities for recreation and pleasure through concerts,
to the city's wealth, the growth of population created
lectures, and the like. It maintains a public market; $140,000,000.”
administers justice; supplies nurses, physicians and hos It is ungracious to find fault with such an
pital service, as well as a cemetery for burial. It takes
invaluable contribution to municipal literature,
the refuse from his door and brings back water, gas and
frequently [?] heating power at the same time. It in-
but if democracy is to be attained it will be by
spects his food, protects his life and that of his children eternal vigilance and exactness in the face of the


232
[April 1,
THE DIAL
alert and often unscrupulous critic. Mr. Howe tions; the text is a sort of pack-horse that limps
is guileless when he accepts President Eliot's under the burden of the be-pictured leaves. Such
approval of the St. Louis school system, which a lavish use of illustrations inclines one to depend
though not corrupt is autocratic, and hence tends upon them for a record of the things seen, rather than
to perpetuate municipal corruption by adminis- upon the reading matter. Out of this fact arises an
interesting question: Has the descriptive power of
trative inexperience. His democracy concedes
writers declined with the rise of the art of photog-
too much when he
says:
“ If our cities must be
raphy? May not the writer of books of travel feel
governed by a boss, it is most desirable that he
that the camera makes sufficient evidence of what he
be an elective one." His enthusiasm for home has seen, and that laborious descriptive effort sup-
rule causes him to ignore superior functional plementing the camera will be lost on the reader?
organization when he demands factory inspection At any rate, it is somewhat rare to find sustained
as a municipal function, whereas if it is not well passages of good description in recent travel books,
done by the state the logical change would be passages in which the author forsakes the me-
to federal, not local, administration. He appro-
chanical kodak, in order to heighten and color his
priates himself an unearned increment when he
pages by the glow of his emotions and the imagi-
gives to one of his chapters the title “ The City
native intensity that prompted him to take the picture
of some beautiful scene. The question is at least an
for the People," without crediting Professor
open one.
Frank Parsons with the authorship of that splen-
In the way of evidence for our thesis that as the
did phrase, — a species of literary piracy that art of photography advances the descriptive power
is growing too common among our municipal of the writer declines, we would cite the first book on
writers.
our present list. “Flashlights in the Jungle," by the
These are slips made conspicuous by the un German naturalist C. G. Schillings, is a good illus-
usual excellence of this most valuable of recent
tration of the mechanical talent that makes many
contributions to municipal subjects. Seldom
Seldom modern descriptive books valuable. The author, who
does a writer so successfully justify an ambitious
undertook several trips to German East Africa in
title; rarely is a sentiment, which to many must
search of sport and specimens for zoological collec-
be a contradiction, so ably defended ; and only tions, added a unique feature to his hunting equip-
ment. He devised special photographic apparatus
at crucial epochs is it the privilege of a reformer
for long range and flashlight work at night, that he
to seize the psychological moment as Mr. Howe might get Naturkunden — nature documents - of
seems to have done in his critical and prophetic the intimate wild animal life in equatorial Africa.
claim that the city, hitherto abused by all of its That his apparatus was well devised is attested by
enemies and many of its friends, is the hope of more than three hundred reproductions of his pho-
democracy.
CHARLES ZUEBLIN. tographs. To see a picture of a lioness about to
spring on an ox, or one of a bull elephant making his
last charge before death, or one of three old lionesses
at a brook, is to realize that the photographer is a
TRAVELLERS IN MANY LANDS. *
daring hunter and a venturesome naturalist. Dr.
Schillings is, however, more than a mere photogra-
In reviewing books of travel and description it is
pher of savage animal life, and his book cannot be
hardly worth the space to say that they are well
wholly regarded as a mere picture-book; he is a
illustrated. Modern photography and the art of half- scientist, and his accounts of his hunting trips are
tone reproduction have been so perfected that we are marked by acute observations on the habits of the ani-
generally sure of getting excellent results. Indeed, mals he hunted with gun and camera. It is probably
many books are now issued solely for their illustra-
no exaggeration to say that this is the most remark-
* FLASHLIGHTS IN THE JUNGLE. By C. G. Schillings. Trans able book of wild animal photography that has ever
lated by Frederick Whyte. Illustrated. New York: Doubleday, been printed, but there our praise is inclined to stop.
We can commend the laborious efforts of Mr. Schil-
A YANKEE IN PIGMY LAND. By William Edgar Geil. Illus-
trated. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co.
lings in gathering his elaborate scientific data, but
IN THE DESERT. By L. March Phillips. Illustrated. New we can hardly praise his narrative or descriptive
York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
skill. We forbear to say more about this interesting
IN FURTHER ARDENNE. By the Reverend T. H. Passmore.
Illustrated. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
book, that we may give a long quotation to show the
A LEVANTINE Log Book. By Jerome Hart. Illustrated. New
spirit of the author and the quality of his work.
York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
“I had taken several pictures successfully with my
TIBET AND TURKESTAN. By Oscar Terry Crosby, F.R.G.S.
Illustrated. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
telephoto-lens, when suddenly for some reason the animals
THE GREAT PLATEAU. By Captain C. G. Rawling. Illustrated.
(rhinoceroses] stood up quickly, both together as is their
New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
wont. Almost simultaneously, the farther of the two, an old
New EGYPT. By A. B. De Guerville. Illustrated. New York: began moving the front part of her body to and fro, and
Longmans, Green, & Co.
then, followed by the bull with head high in the air, came
The HIGH-ROAD OF EMPIRE. By A. H. Hallam Murray. Illus straight for me at full gallop. I had instinctively felt what
would happen, and in a moment my rifle was in my hands
Page & Co.
cow,
trated. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.


1906.]
233
THE DIAL
and my camera passed to my bearers. I fired six shots and I have met since crossing the line into Congo have been sober-
succeeded in bringing down both animals twice as they rushed faced; there has been little cheerfulness and no merriment,
towards me - great furrows in the sand of the velt showed but these freedom-loving Pigmies, the freest people on earth,
where they fell. My final shot I fired in the absolute cer are to this vast woodland and its human population what the
tainty that my last hour had come. It hit the cow on the blithe Shans are to the grave Chinese who live in the far West
nape of the neck and at the same moment I sprang to the of the Celestial Empire. The mysterious fun was not momen-
right, to the other side of the brier-bush. My two men had tary, but continuous. The Pigmies like to have a good time,
taken to flight by this time, but one of the Masai ran across and they have it. They are the merriest people in the Shade-
my path at this critical moment and sprang right into the land."
bush. He had evidently waited in the expectation of seeing We fear, however, that Mr. Geil's own sense of
the rhinoceros fall dead at the last moment, as he had so
humor is blunt
often seen before. With astounding agility the rhinoceroses
we dislike to say that he is con-
followed me, and half way round the bush I found myself be ceited, for
among
his hundred and more excellent
tween the two animals. It seems incredible now that I tell photographic reproductions is one of himself, labelled
the tale in cold blood, but in that same instant my shots took
“ the greatest living traveller.” Other pictures show
effect mortally, and both rhinoceroses collapsed. I made
away from the bush about twenty paces when a frantic cry
him as the central figure with his name in large
coming simultaneously from my men ... made me turn letters on his portmanteau. One photograph depicts
round. A very singular sight greeted my eyes. There was him playing the legendary William Tell in the act
the Masai, trembling all over, his face distorted with terror,
of shooting a banana off a native's head !
backing for all he was worth inside the bush, while the cow
rhinoceros, streaming with blood, stood literally leaning up Mr. L. March Phillips, in his book entitled “In
against it, and the bull, almost touching, lay dying on the the Desert," is concerned with two somewhat unre-
ground, its mighty head beating repeatedly in its death agony
lated topics: the French scheme of colonization for
against the hard red soil of the velt. As quickly as
possible I reloaded, and with three final shots made an end
Algiers, and the influence of the Sahara desert on
of both animals. . . . It was indeed a very narrow escape.
Arab life, architecture, religion, poetry, and philos-
It left an impression on my mind which will not be easily ophy. The present strained relation between France
erased. Even now in fancy I sometimes live those moments
and Germany concerning affairs in North Africa
over again."
makes the first topic of timely interest. The author
The volume contains a sympathetic introduction by justifies the French in their scheme of colonizing
Sir H. H. Johnston, who is another mighty hunter
the desert, and asserts that “every move in France's
of African beasts. It seems rather odd and incon-
policy during the last fifteen or twenty years has
gruous that both the author and the introductory been opportune.” Her colonists,“ possessing the
writer should lament the wanton extermination of
soil they cultivate, overspread the land ; industries,
African big game by sportsmen, when one sees the public works, improvements, are pushed forward
pictures in the volume and notes the large number
with vigor and intelligence.” In his thesis that the
of animals killed by the hunters of this expedition. Arab character is the outcome of the influence of
Science probably demands as many dead animals as the desert, Mr. Phillips gives us sketch of the effect
the sportsman, but it can cloak its butchery under a of the desert life on himself, and applies his expe-
more legitimate garb.
rience to that of the Arab.
“A Yankee in Pigmy Land,” by William Edgar What I came to feel more and more strongly as time went
Geil, is also a book on Africa, telling the story of a
on was the extraordinarily stimulating and exciting effect of
the desert and the desert climate on the one hand, and its
journey across that country from Mombasa on the
entire lack of anything substantial and definite to think about
eastern coast to Banana on the western coast. That
and feed the mind with, on the other. ... So, I used to
part of the volume dealing with the eastern section think, the strength and weakness of the Arab were alike dis-
contains but little new matter. The author describes played in the desert. All the influences that stimulated his
nerves and starved his intellect were round one there. In
the Uganda region, dwelling largely on the mission-
his successes — his frantic conquests and frantic art and
ary problems, the atrocities of Congo land, the sleep- science is the stored up force of the desert's nervous energy.
ing sickness (a sort of living death), and gives some In the decline and disintegration of all his power and all his
hunting tales. But the real value of his journey lies
labor is the desert's fatal incoherence."
in his account of the home and habits of the little If we grant (and we feel that we must do so when
brown Tom Thumbs of the great Pigmy Forest. Mr. reading the author's vivid descriptions) that the desert
Geil evidently found the real Pigmies, and not the is characterized by spaciousness, deadness, vast monot-
Dwarfs who are often confused with their more inter ony, sterility, and primitiveness, then we can readily
esting countrymen. “ Their average height,” says
understand how the empty life of the desert working
Mr. Geil, “ is forty-eight inches. The Pigmies have for countless generations has had its consequences in
well-developed eyebrows, while other black people
Arab character. Such a plausible thesis makes the
have almost no eyebrows. I said .black' people, but Arab a being who despises odds, who has a fortitude
few black people in Africa. The that smiles at wounds and death, who is “proud,
Pigmies are not black; they are brown with black fiercely militant, vengeful, courteous too, and digni-
hair, and all that I have seen have been well devel fied and generous, but lacking such virtues as pa-
oped on the chest.” These little freaks of humanity tience, long suffering, gentleness, modesty, humility,
have some extraordinary qualities, not least among self-sacrifice.” Hence, the Arab's poetry is like his
them being the engaging sense of fun.
life -always in the ballad-poetry stage, the poetry of
“Not in all Africa have I heard so much fun. This is the
action, not of thought; his religion is the religion of
Land of Laughter. This is the Forest of Fun. The natives the sword; and his architecture is indefinite and
I have seen very


234
[April 1,
THE DIAL
a
unsubstantial, serving largely as a vehicle for rich smile with almost every page.
We wish our space
colors. Mr. Phillips has thus carried Taine's theory permitted us to quote the entire chapter on “The
to its limits; and whatever may be its shortcomings Breeks of the Turks," or the diverting chapter enti-
in this particular instance, the author has made an tled “Spots Where,” or the description of Smyrna ;
entertaining contribution to our knowledge of Arab but we must choose a shorter excerpt which describes
life and art.
the entourage of the Sultan when he is returning
Enthusiasm, spontaneity, kindly humor, and a
from his devotions at the mosque.
sprightly style characterize the volume entitled " In "Now comes a curious sight. As his horses ascend the hill
Further Ardenne" with the auxiliary title “ A Study
at a quick trot his generals, his pashas, his colonels, and his
ministers keep pace with his horses. The courtiers are clad
of the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg," by the Rever-
in scarlet and bullion, in blue and silver, in green and gold;
end T. H. Passmore. This tiny principality, pinched they are gray, grizzled, and old, but they run like so many
in between France, Belgium, Prussia, and Lorraine, school-boys behind and on either side of the imperial carriage.
has had a history out of all proportion to its size,
Fortunately the run is not a long one, for many of the pashas
are fat and scant of breath. But no matter how old or how
for it has seen and endured the whole pageant of fat, all who are not absolutely disabled run by their master's
European events. Druid flamen, Celtic war-man, carriage. Obesity is not an exemption; old age is not a
Roman lording, feudal baron, and modern diplomat
release. There is no apology but partial paralysis ; no excuse
have all laid their hands upon it; and yet, so says
but locomotor ataxia. This is perhaps the Oriental courtier's
way of indicating enthusiastic loyalty. Courtiers have always
Mr. Passmore, the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg has
had to do humiliating things, with joyful faces, in monarchies.
never for a moment lost its distinctive individu Perhaps they do still — perhaps even in republics. But what
ality.” There still survive, untrammeled even by a fantastic spectacle -- a lot of uniformed and elderly digni-
the ubiquitous tourist, her romance, folk-song, folk-
taries running up hill on a hot day - a troop of perspiring
dance, and folk-lore, and it is with these that Mr.
and pot-bellied pashas sprinting after their padishah!”
In form and illustrations the book is as pleasing to
Passmore is primarily concerned. With him we
wander in search of the quaint and picturesque -
the eye as the text is to the mind.
two words the author eschews — in this old land, Whoever has read of the great region lying north
“wide and quiet and peaceable.” He asks us for of India knows that every book dealing with it will
the merry heart that will go a mile or twain, for “ contain two features : descriptions of the vast, unin-
love of unspoilt uncrowded sweet earth-corners, an habited wastes, of the paralyzing cold of the gla-
open mind about other people's religious notions, and cier regions, and the burning heat of the deserts ;
even a capacity to think a little occasionally, in a and, secondly, of the eternal political question as to
dreamy way.” One of the unique sights described who shall rule the region, England or Russia. Mr.
in the book is the Springprozession, a religious
Oscar Terry Crosby's volume, “Tibet and Turkestan,'
dance, of Echternach. This dancing to God's glory, is no exception. Mr. Crosby's description of the
the origin of which is lost in disputes, is in part
countries named is familiar, and his discussion of
described by Mr. Passmore as follows:
the political aspect is independent. Accompani
“This Dance of Degrees, the whole with the sick, the old by Captain Anginieur of the French Army, the
with the young, counteracting their own progress and yet author made his trip in the latter part of 1903,
progressing, sweating yet ascending, faint yet pursuing. traversing the region from the Caspian Sea through
The burning sun beats on them, the heaven over them is brass,
now and again one swoons and must fall out; but the dogged
Turkestan to the Tibetan Plateau. Such a route
escalade goes on.
Meanwhile the leaders have danced into invites many hardships, and Mr. Crosby tells us the
the church, laid down their offerings, and are wheeling around difficulties encountered on this journey were “in
the altar-shrine, swaying still where the Saint lies sleeping.
every respect more severe than those experienced in
When all have passed this way, a solemn Salut crowns the
day; which done, the Host-blessed pilgrims issue from the
a considerable journey in Africa — from Somaliland
church, dancing as ever, to set seal to their vow with triple
to Khartoum." In one part of their journey they
circling round the great sad Christ who hangs upon the travelled for forty days through uninhabited wastes,
churchyard cross.
eleven days of that time being spent on the cheer-
less verge of starvation. The greater part of the
favorably of Mr. Jerome Hart's “Two Argonauts book deals with the political aspects, especially of
in Spain,” and we are now pleased to say that we Tibet. Mr. Crosby sees little to fear in the Yellow
are still more highly pleased by the excellent quali Peril, evidently believing it to be prompted by diplo-
ties of the same author's latest book, entitled “A matic motives. The religion, the history, and the
Levantine Log Book.” Mr. Hart made a stay of two peculiar institution of polyandric marriage of Tibet
seasons in the regions of the Eastern Mediterranean, are treated fully and well. Of England's aggres-
stopping at Naples, Malta, Constantinople, Smyrna, siveness in Tibet, and Younghusband's raid, Mr.
Jerusalem, and Egypt. One does not expect much Crosby says:
that is new concerning these places, so when a trav “The raid into Tibet I believe to have been wild, not capable
eller bids for one's commendations on his notebook of bearing good fruit. Its occupation is not necessary to the
of travels, his view-point must be refreshing and
preservation of the Empire's peace; nor would it conduce to
individual. These qualities Mr. Hart supplies in
the Empire's prosperity. Any harm that could possibly come
out of Tibet could be met, at the moment of its appearance,
abundance. He can and does write intelligently, but at less moral and material cost than by years of repression
he excels most in the genial humor that brings a and injustice based on mere suspicion."
We had occasion in a former review to speak
-
---
--


1906.]
235
THE DIAL
The volume contains an almost entire alphabet of religious, and political conditions in this rapidly
appendices, one of which gives some interesting ex changing country. The Renaissance has apparently
amples of Tibetan songs.
come to Egypt. For France's share in Egypt's devel-
“The Great Plateau" is the appropriate title of opment he has a smile and a tear; for England's
Captain C. G. Rawling's volume which recounts his protectorate over Egypt and Lord Cromer's wise
two journeys of exploration into central Tibet made administration he has only words of praise. “New
in 1903 and 1904-5. “The first expedition,” says
Egypt” means the industrial prosperity that has fol-
the author, “penetrated into the uninhabited and lowed the flag of England. Even the Sudan, which
barren regions of the Northern Desert at a time when
General Gordon described in 1884 as “an abso-
Tibet was rigidly closed to foreigners. The second lutely useless possession, has always been so, and
led through the rich, thickly-populated valleys of the always will be so,” bids fair to become a garden spot,
permission of the Whasa Government, Enoughe only the book for its valuable information, for its pungent
rendered possible by the notable success of Sir Fran- style, and for its sprightly gossip about things Egyp-
cis Younghusband's mission.” The result of the first tian. We shall await with pleasure the author's
expedition was Captain Rawling's correct mapping promised volume to be entitled “ Egypt Intime.”
of 35,000 square miles of hitherto unknown and
The raison d'être and it is a sufficient reason
unexplored country. The purpose of the second expe-
of Mr. A. H. Hallam Murray's volume called
dition was to determine the possibilities of Gartok,
“The High-Road of Empire" is the plethora of
the capital of western Tibet, as a trade mart, and to
beautiful water-color and pen-and-ink sketches which
survey the route so “ that proposals for opening other the author-artist made along the highways of the fasci-
marts should be based on accurate information."
nating lands of India and Ceylon. Such a journey,
This undertaking, made under all the usual attendant
when made in the leisurely manner that the brush
difficulties of travel in that region, resulted in find and pencil demand, through a land that appeals to
ing that Gartok was a village of "three good-sized artist and writer alike by its glorious architecture,
houses and twelve miserable hovels”! Such, how-
its unique landscapes, its rich historic associations,
ever, is the scramble for precedence and prestige and above all its strangely interesting people," offers
among the industrial and political giants. To those
much that is unusual, when the writer can make his
who are interested in the development and the geo somewhat commonplace experience alive by a re-
graphy of Tibet the volume will contain some new served enthusiasm. This Mr. Murray has done. He
features, but the general reader will find small profit
went from Bombay to Ceylon by the devious way of
in the book. We are at a loss to account for the
Poona, Bijapur, Allabahad, Calcutta. Benares, Luck-
difference in the literary quality of the two accounts
now, Cawnpore, to Agra, Delhi, Lahore, and Jodh-
of Captain Rawling's journeys. The story of the
pur, and whatever struck his fancy he described in
first expedition is a weary tale of countless marches colors, in line-drawings, or with his pen. As many
and camps, but the account of the Gartok expedition
travellers and writers on India have done, Mr. Mur-
has at least the grace of vivacity and freshness.
ray dwells at some length on Benares, the wonderful
Mr. A. B. De Guerville, the author of “ New city of squalor and beauty, where the heart of old
Egypt," seems to be one who is able to break through India beats most perceptibly in the swarming mass
the hedges that surround the divinely-appointed of humanity which gathers there at all seasons, to
affairs of many foreign places. In his own words he dip into and drink of the filthy pools or ghats of the
obtained his information about the new Egypt from Ganges, the mother of life.
“highly placed personages in the Egyptian world, “ The river bank is a marvellous sight. The Ghats, in
English, French, natives, and others; these men,
flight after flight of irregular steps, descend a hundred feet
keen and talented, who in palaces, ministries, lega-
to the water's edge. Here and there the steps widen out into
terraces, and on them are temples and shrines of all sorts and
tions, schools, hospitals, bands, or large industrial sizes. The cliff is crowned by high houses and palaces, which
concerns, are working without ceasing for the regen culminate in domes and minarets. Here and there a palace
eration of Egypt. I have knocked at all doors, rich
or temple breaks away from the main line, and projecting
and poor, high and low, and everywhere a warm
forward, descends with solid breastworks of masonry to the
water's edge, where every variety of native craft lies moored."
welcome has awaited me.” We are pleased with the
frank personality of the author, and we are impressed
Such a scene catches the artist's eye and demands
and entertained by his book. Not for a long time
a clever brush; but the following human touch is
ave we read a book of avel that is so very inter-
beyond the artist's skill, and requires only a little
esting and refreshingly instructive. There is nothing
less skill in the handling of words :
new in Mr. De Guerville's itinerary; he took the
“I was charmed by one scene in particular which we
watched. Two graceful women in bright-coloured silk saris
usual trip from Alexandria to Cairo, thence to Luxor,
came down the steps, each carrying on her arm a folded sari
Karnac, Assouan, Khartoum, and Fashoda - of a different hue. Leaving this on the brink, they stepped
called Kodok. His account of these places is inter down as they were into the sacred water and drank and
spersed with facts relative to the French in Egypt,
dipped. Coming back to the steps in wet garments, they
wound them off, and simultaneously, by the same mysterious
the pleasures of Cairo, Ismail and his reign, the com-
movement, clothed themselves in the fresh silk drapery with
mercial and industrial life of the land, and the social, which they had come provided. The process of transforma-
now


236
[April 1,
THE
DIAL
tion was as elusive and complete as that by which a snow faces. We get no adequate suggestion of the rapid
capped mountain is changed at the afterglow. Then taking
movement of ideas and events between the years
the strip of wet drapery, and deftly gathering it in narrow
folds crosswise in either hand, they went back to their daily
1750 and 1777 which bound the period of Madame
occupations."
Geoffrin's reign. But perhaps these shortcomings
Many such little descriptive sketches enhance the are the necessary defects of the book's good quali-
interest and value of Mr. Murray's sumptuous vol-
ties, and we readily allow that the latter are quite
ume, which contains over forty excellent illustrations
sufficient to commend it. It was worth while to
reproduced by the three-color process, and about one give this glimpse of a very remarkable woman and
hundred pen-and-ink sketches. The publishers are
the
very remarkable circle that she gathered about
to be praised for their part in the production of a her, and to persuade us that the guests at Madame
book that is unusually pleasing in every detail. Geoffrin's table were charming and interesting
H. E. COBLENTZ.
people, removed as far as possible from dulness,
dryness, and pedantry, and well worth our better
acquaintance.
The course of Lowell Institute lec-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
The poets as
torch-bearers.
tures to which Professor George E.
A charming
It is an extremely vivacious and in-
Woodberry has given “The Torch”
French hostess teresting throng of men and women for a collective title (McClure) is based upon a
and her circle.
that passes before us in the pages highly abstract and metaphysical conception. The
of Miss Janet Aldis's “Madame Geoffrin and her opening sentences state the author's fundamental
Salon” (Putnam). The author is an amiable and com thesis.
municative cicerone, and as we run on lightly from “It belongs to a highly developed race to become, in a
chapter to chapter of her gossipy account we feel
true sense, aristocratic - a treasury of its best in practical
and spiritual types, and then to disappear in the surrounding
somewhat as one might, who, ignorant of the lan-
tides of men. So Athens dissolved like a pearl in the cup of
guage of the animated talkers, should by some the Mediterranean, and Rome in the cup of Europe, and Judea
magic be privileged to be present, invisible, at those in the cup of the Universal Communion. Though death is
eighteenth century dinners. Our guide points out
the law of all life, man touches this earthen fact with the
wand of his spirit, and transforms it into the law of sacrifice.
the hostess or names the various guests, with an
Man has won no victory over his environment so sublime as
anecdote or a story that engages our interest and this, finding in his mortal sentence the true choice of the soul
makes us feel in a manner acquainted with each. and in the road out of Paradise the open highway of eternal
This silent and somewhat superfluous old man is
life."
the hostess's husband, whom death will soon dis-
A work thus solemnly preluded is sure to prove in-
creetly remove. Here is d'Alembert, legitimate tensely serious of character, and the high note of
child of his century, if not of other parents; there
idealism thus sounded at the outset is maintained
is Fontenelle, who has lived out nearly a full cen-
to the last. The first lecture expounds in the most
tury and is yet not the least gay and witty of the general terms this doctrine of the race-mind, with
company.
This is Denis Diderot, unkempt and
literature for its organ, which persists while race
uncourtly, but original and full of matter; that is
after race passes away.
The second lecture deals
Grimm, snapping up every bit of literary gossip, and
more specifically with literature as “the language of
not always stopping at that kind, for his next letter
all the world” rather than as the language of this or
to "a sovereign of Germany." And as we observe that people. “History is mortal : it dies. Yet it does
the company our guide explains from time to time not altogether die. Elements, features, fragments of
the jest that has just raised the laugh, the paradox
it survive, and enter into the eternal memory of the
that has provoked such eager challenge and discus-
race, and are there transformed, and
as we say
sion, or the clever tale that has been crowned with
spiritualized. Literature is the abiding-place of this
such general applause. We feel that these are transforming power, and most profits by it.” The
interesting people, and that we should like to know
two lectures following are upon “ The Titan-Myth,”
them better, and that if we knew their language and
and complete the unfolding of the author's funda-
could follow their talk we should get a really inform-
mental thought. Then follow four lectures dealing
ing glimpse into that bubbling cauldron in which specifically with Spenser, Milton, Wordsworth, and
the witches' broth of the revolution was brewing.
Shelley, each of whom is considered as a special ex-
And this remains our feeling when we leave them.
ponent of the racial inheritance of spiritual energy.
We have not been taught their language; we have
Perhaps the essence of Mr. Woodberry's teaching
not penetrated into the intimacy of their deeper
is to be found in these earnest words :
purposes and more serious convictions; and the pic-
Honesty is nowhere more essential than in literary study;.
hypocrisy, there, may have terrible penalties, not merely in
ture, for all its appearance of life, makes somewhat
foolishness, but in misfortune; and to lie to oneself about
the impression of a composite photograph. A great oneself is the most fatal lie. The stages of life must be taken
many salons, a great many groups of persons, shift in their, order; but finally you will discover the blessed fact
ing from year to year, have contributed to it. We that the world of literature is one of diminishing books
since the greater are found to contain the less, for which
are made but vaguely aware of the passing of time
reason time itself sifts the relics of the past and leaves at last
by the touches it leaves on one or another of the only a Homer for centuries of early Greece, a Dante for his


1906.]
237
THE DIAL
a London
entire age, a Milton for a whole system of thought. To in Latin that he carried over almost bodily words
understand and appreciate such great writers is the goal ; that have only their Latin parentage to speak for
but the way is by making honest use of the authors that ap-
peal to us in the most living ways.”
them. Many of them failed of adoption and are to-day
but “wild enormities” of misdirected scholarship.
There are those who assert that our Where Mr. Gosse fails in his estimate is in not suffi-
Wanderings
on the Welsh word "saunterer” is derived from ciently recognizing the essentially poetic quality of
borderland.
sans terre,”—without home or coun Browne's work, apart from mere form or style. He
try; while others hold that it comes from “Sainte does not bring out what Professor Dowden calls the
Terrer,” the pious pilgrim or a “holy lander.” To two elements of Browne's divinity, - wonder and
all who have cultivated the art of sauntering and love; that like a poet his appeal was to the emotions
have practised it in some district of Great Britain and the imagination. This was the body, as it were,
where the natural scenery is attractive and where which was clothed in the magnificent trappings of
the mind is kept occupied without being excited, and his style ; for the prose of “Religio Medici” and
have found sauntering the finest of all tonics, mental, of the “Urn-Burial” is almost as splendid as Mil-
physical, or spiritual, the preference is for the latter ton's. It was his familiarity with Latin that gave
derivation, whatever the etymologists may decide. him such a command of sonorous prose, just as it did
And from the number of recent books descriptive of the other great prose writers of his age.
Mr. Gosse
leisurely journeys through various districts in Great does not attempt any analysis of this style, a task he
Britain, rich in historic interest and antiquarian might well have undertaken, even if suggestive of
lore as well as in natural scenery, the membership in the text-book. The absence of a bibliography is the
the guild of saunterers is by no means decreasing. grievous fault this book shares with the other vol-
Mr. A. G. Bradley is an accomplished saunterer.
umes of the same series.
He knows the Lake District and North and South
Wales by personal leisurely inspection, and has writ-
A“medley of memories" is presented
Jottings of
ten several books about those regions. The latest
by Mr. Alexander Innes Shand in his
record of his wanderings is a volume entitled " In
journalist.
“Days of the Past ” (Dutton). Born
the March and Borderland of Wales” (Houghton,
and bred in Scotland, he devoted a dozen years to
Mifflin & Co.). Mr. Bradley is at some pains to
sport, continental travel, and other distractions, and
defend the apparent tautology of his title, “ march' then, after a year of law practice in Edinburgh,
meaning border or frontier ; and he describes jour-crossed the border and eventually found employment
neys in Herefordshire and Monmouthshire in En as a London journalist, being connected with the
gland, and Montgomeryshire and Glamorganshire Saturday Review,” the “Times," and other less
in Wales, and into districts on both sides of the pres- noted journals, and associating with the literary cele-
ent boundary of Wales which were once the scenes
brities of his time. Travel, hunting, fishing, and gas-
of exploits of Owen Glyndwr, a Welsh patriot of the tronomy appear to have shared his affections with
fifteenth century whose life Mr. Bradley has dealt literature. Of his sixteen chapters, all but one, which
with in a previous volume. The author's descriptions treats of operations on the stock exchange, contain
and the sketches of his artist companion, Mr. W. M. references to the pleasures of the table; and the third
Meredith, must excite in all readers of the volume chapter,“The Evolution of the Hotel and Restaurant,"
an interest in this portion of the Welsh borderland is very largely devoted thereto. The author writes in
that will be gratified with nothing less than a visit a rapid, readable style, and draws on an ample store of
to Hereford and its vicinity.
personal experience in many lands, although his ad-
ventures never approach the thrilling, or even the
Sir Thomas Browne was one of the extraordinary. Apart from his two chapters of “Lit-
The author of
"Religio men who lived apart in the troublous erary Recollections," and the one on “Friends of the
times of the Commonwealth, who Athenæum,” the book contains little that calls loudly
allowed himself to be as little disturbed by the civil for publication. The critical reader will perhaps note
dissensions of Roundheads and Cavaliers as he was a curious expression on the very first page, where the
untouched by the excesses of the Restoration. He writer, referring to late improvements in Aberdeen-
dwelt quietly at Norwich, practising his professionshire, says he remembers much of the devolution of
and investigating vulgar errors, interesting himself the transformation.” Why “devolution”? Half-way
in sepulchral urns, and enquiring into his religious through the volume, passing from the Scotch clergy
views as a physician. Mr. Gosse in his recent volume to the English army, he writes: “From ministers to
in the English Men of Letters " series (Macmillan) messes is a sharp transition, but I must own that, as
once more brings out what has already been remarked the Americans say, there was a time when I had
by others, that Browne has not contributed anything more truck with the one than with the other.” Are
of importance to medical science or to philosophical we really guilty of this unrefined locution? It is new
or religious thought. It is to his genius as a stylist to the present reviewer. But it is not much worse
that Mr. Gosse attributes his rank among
than the expression “cock-a-hoop," which the author
writers of English. And even here he is not beyond allows himself, with no apologetic quotation marks,
adverse criticism, for so thoroughly was he drenched and with no disclaimer of its native origin.
Medici."
the great


238
[April 1,
THE DIAL
99
common sense
-
shown.
“Sanctified
“Christianity and Socialism” is the graphical references pertaining to the more impor-
on public
collective title of a series of five dis tant species are given at the end of the volume.
problems. courses by Dr. Washington Gladden, Specialists may quarrel with some cases in the
recently published by Messrs. Eaton & Mains. The author's nomenclature or seek more light on some
first essay, which gives the title to the book, deals of his statements, but all will agree that the book is
with the teachings of the Sermon on the Mount, a welcome addition to the literature of the sea-
those great principles of personal character that from
shore.
the days of Plato have been acknowledged as fitting
A glimpse of
The popular evening lectures of the
the individual for the highest social relations. The the ancient Christmas holidays before the Royal
author then passes to the consideration of human animal world.
Institution of London have been a
brotherhood involved in the words “Our Father who fruitful source of excellent books dealing with some
art in heaven,” contrasting this with the concept of phases of scientific learning brought up to date, and
industrial society. It may perhaps be questioned | freed of technical terminology and abstruse reason-
whether the economic concept is fairly stated; its ing. One of the most readable and timely of these
highest attainment has not yet been reached and the contributions to popular science is Professor E. Ray
more economic society becomes, the more the crying Lankester's “ Extinct Animals ” (Holt), which the
wrongs of society are eliminated. The following author regards as nothing more ambitious than an
chapter on “ Labor Wars” is good christianity and attempt to excite in young people an interest in a
good economics ; while “The Programme of Social most fascinating study, that of the animals of past
ism," the third discourse, is a clear exposition of ages. The book is cast in conversational form, enliv-
socialistic principles, both established and debated. ened by anecdote and illumined by over two hun-
The purpose to exalt the idea of compromise be dred excellent illustrations, some of them original,
tween the opposing tendencies is both worthy and and many of them now seen for the first time outside
characteristic of the eminent clerical author. Per-
of technical publications. The proportion of time-
haps the best thing is the passage - too long for honored cuts is very small, and the figures are well
quotation — showing that socialism and atheism are
chosen. The relations of these animals of the past
in no way connected. The chapter on “True Social to the living world are frequently emphasized, and
ism" gives the noble ideal of regarding work, what the ways in which fossils are formed are clearly
ever its nature or rank, as a social function. The
We find here the story of the evolution of
final pages, on “Municipal Reform,"contain a rapid the elephant, brought to light in recent years by
sketch of what has recently been done and what palæontological explorations in Egypt, which in sci-
remains to do, sounding for all citizens the earnest entific interest bids fair to outrank the well-known
warning to put intelligence, honesty, and unselfish evolution of the horse made famous by Huxley. The
ness into the City Hall if their fruits in city govern work is authoritative, quite up to date, and on the
ment are to be expected. Like all Dr. Gladden's
whole one of the best popular accounts of the life of
utterances, these discourses are characterized by what the ancient world in print.
has been well termed “sanctified common sense” and
are thoroughly stimulating and suggestive.
“ The Prairie and the Sea” is some-
Nature essays
what of a misnomer for the collection
and pictures.
The first nuniber of the New York
of miscellaneous outdoor sketches by
Sea-shore
life on the Aquarium Series (Barnes) is a vol Mr. William A. Quayle, which are published, in a
castern coast.
ume on “Sea-shore Life” by Dr. volume embellished with a wealth of photographic
Alfred G. Mayer, Director of the Marine Biological reproductions, by Messrs. Jennings & Graham. The
Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution at Tortugas, half-dozen photographers who have collaborated with
Florida, and is devoted to the invertebrates of the Mr. Quayle have done thoroughly artistic work in
New York coast and the adjacent coast region. picturing both the smaller and the larger aspects of
The work is intended for readers who have had no the world about which he writes. Mr. Quayle's point
technical biological training, and its aim is to “in of view is the rather hackneyed one of the nature-
crease intelligent interest in the habits and life lover who, having been born a country-boy, knows a
histories of marine animals and to disseminate a good deal about the out-door world, and, having
knowledge of their appearance and relationship.” grown up a sentimentalist, is full of quaint conceits
The author makes a serious attempt to coin new and fancies about it. He does not go far enough in
vernacular names for animals to which only a Latin the sober study of natural history to enrich his work,
binomial has been hitherto attached, after the cus after the fashion of Mr. Bradford Torrey, with
tom of English naturalists. The work has an edu- unique discoveries in the realms of plant and animal
cational value in connection with the aquarium in life. His enthusiasm for the beauties of nature seems
New York and the museum collections there and in therefore at times a little empty, and his literary
other cities, and has added interest from the natural style lacks the grace and piquancy needed to carry
history contained in its pages and the many original off a difficult situation perfectly. However, this is
illustrations. Many references to pertinent litera- only saying that his work belongs to the great average
ture are scattered throughout the text, and biblio- l output of nature essays — not striking, but thor-


1906.]
239
THE DIAL
66
66
oughly readable on the whole, and, together with the
NOTES.
accompanying pictures, making up an attractive
volume intended for the large class of readers who
Days with Walt Whitman,” by Mr. Edward Carpen-
do not want their nature-study to be of a very special early issue by the Macmillan Co.
ter, one of the poet's intimate friends, is announced for
or a very exacting type.
“Walt Whitman and the Germans," by Dr. Richard
Gen. Sherman
A biography of interest and charm is
Riethmueller, is a pamphlet publication of the Amer-
icana Germanica Press, Philadelphia.
truthfully
Mr. Edward Robins's life of Wil-
portrayed.
Spenser's Faerie Queene,” in two volumes, is a
liam T. Sherman in the series of
charming recent addition to the “Caxton Thin Paper
“ American Crisis Biographies” (Jacobs). Much
Classics," imported by the Messrs. Scribner.
of this interest and charm comes from the character
“ The International Position of Japan as a Great
of the subject, the irascible, outspoken, independent Power,” by Dr. Seiji G. Hishida, is an important recent
soldier, and his unique and exciting career; but addition to the Columbia University publications.
much comes also from the skilful work of the author. A little book on James McNeill Whistler, by Mr.
He has made an excellent portrait of the great soldier, H. W. Singer, is imported by the Messrs. Scribner as an
giving the shadows as well as the lights. He makes issue in the “ Langham Series of Art Monographs."
the reader see the vindictiveness of General Sherman, “ Foster's Complete Bridge,” by Mr. R. F. Foster, is
his prejudices, and the lack of tact that made him the latest of the author's many manuals for card-players,
numberless enemies for a time; but he makes us see,
and is published by Messrs. McClure, Phillips & Co. in
too, the essential greatness of the man as well as the
Mr. Russell Sturgis is at work upon an exhaustive
soldier, a character that finally conquered hostility
“ History of Architecture,” which the Baker & Taylor
at the South as well as at the North, and the singular
Co. will publish in three large volumes. Volume I. will
be ready next October, and the two others will follow
attractiveness of his essentially fine spirit and bril-
at intervals of about six months.
liant mind. The book is an excellent outline history An edition of Mill on “The Subjection of Women,”
of those campaigns of the Civil War in the West and
edited by Dr. Stanton Coit, is published by Messrs.
South in which General Sherman took part, espe- Longmans, Green, & Co. The editorial material pro-
cially of the world-famed march through Georgia. vides an analysis of Mill's argument, and an account of
changes in the legal status of women since the original
publication of the essay.
Chopin, as Revealed by Extracts from his Diary,”
BRIEFER MENTION.
by Count Stanislas Tarnowski, translated from the
“ American History in Literature,” by Misses Martha
Polish by Miss Natalie Janotha, is a recent importation
A. L. Lane and Mabel Hill, is a compilation of “simple
of the Messrs. Scribner, from whom we also have an
literary excerpts which illustrate the leading events and essay by Mr. Joseph Goddard on “ The Deeper Sources
the characteristic conditions that have marked the devel of the Beauty and Expression of Music.”
opment of the United States.” A second volume for the A “Standard Webster Pocket Dictionary,” compiled
use of higher grades is in course of preparation. Messrs. by Mr. Alfred B. Chambers, has been added by Messrs.
Ginn & Co. are the publishers.
Laird & Lee to their series of lexicons. Concise defini-
From the Archæological Institute of America we have tions of some thirty thousand words are given, and
Volume I. of “Supplementary Papers of the American there is an appendix containing sixteen colored maps,
School of Classical Studies in Rome.” The papers are
besides a variety of miscellaneous information.
nine in number, the work of eight authors, working some An important work on “ Consumption and its Rela-
times jointly and sometimes alone. Plates large and tion to Man and his Civilization,” by Dr. John Bessner
small, besides diagrams and maps, constitute the illus Huber, is announced by the J. B. Lippincott Co. In
trations, which are offered in abundance. The papers are writing this volume it has been Dr. Huber's
purpose to
of minute scholarly interest, generally speaking, although supply a comprehensive exposition of the effect con-
something different from this should be said of Dr. sumption has had upon civilization, and a consideration
Arthur Mahler's “Die Aphrodite von Arles,"Dr. Richard of its relation to human affairs.
Norton's “Report on Archæological Remains in Tur To their attractive series of “Popular Editions of
kestan,” and possibly one or two others. The volume Recent Fiction” Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co. have
is a handsome quarto published by the Macmillan Co. added the following volumes: “Painted Shądows,” by
If there was ever a labor of love, it was that of Dr. Richard Le Gallienne; “The Viking's Skull,” by John
S. Weir Mitchell in translating into modern verse the R. Carling; “ Sarah Tuldon,” by Orme Agnus; “The
fourteenth-century Middle English poem called “ Pearl.” Siege of Youth,” by Frances Charles; “Hassan, a.
This wonderful lyric, almost unknown for half a millen Fellah,” by Henry Gillman; and “The Wolverine," by
nium, attracted the attention of lovers of poetry in the Albert L. Lawrence.
nineteenth century, and many, from Tennyson down, Of foremost interest in "The Burlington Magazine"
have since written in its praise. Dr. Mitchell gives us for March may be mentioned the following articles:
rather less than half of the entiro work, accounting for Independent Art of To-day” by Bernhard Sickert,
this mutilation by saying that the omitted stanzas " deal “ Charles II. Plate in Belvoir Castle” by J. Starkie
with uninteresting theological or allegorical material.” Gardner, “Some Lead Garden Statues” by Lawrence
We could wish that he had given us the whole poem, but Weaver, and “Who Was the Architect of the Houses
this need not preclude our thanks for his very charming / of Parliament ?” by Robert Dell. The frontispiece in
version of the portions that he thought worthy of transla this issue is a fine photogravure reproduction of a 16th
tion. The Century Co. publish the little volume. century Italian bronze.


240
[April 1,
THE DIAL
A little book on Sir Henry Irving, by Mr. Haldane
Macfall, described as “a comprehensive view of the
man and his accomplishments,” will be published early
this month by Messrs. John W. Luce & Co. Sixteen
illustrations have been supplied by Mr. Gordon Craig,
the son of Ellen Terry, to whom the book is dedicated.
In this connection we may note that Mr. Mortimer
Menpes and his daughter are preparing a “portrait bio-
graphy” of Irving, with illustrations in color, which the
Macmillan Co. are to publish some time during the year.
“ The only complete copyright text in one volume ” of
the poetical works of Byron comes to us from Messrs.
Charles Scribner's Sons. It contains the gist of the edi-
torial matter in Mr. Ernest Hartley Coleridge's defini-
tive seven-volume edition of the poems, completed a
year or two ago, and will thus prove a boon to those
who could not avail themselves of the earlier work. An
introductory memoir of some fifty pages is supplied to
the present volume by Mr. Coleridge, and there is a
frontispiece portrait in photogravure. The type is neces-
sarily small, though not unreadable.
At the request of Professor Bernhard Seuffert, of
Graz, Austria, representing the Royal Prussian Academy
of Berlin, all institutions or individuals having Wieland
manuscripts or letters are earnestly urged to give notice
of the fact and thus materially further the very elaborate
edition of Wieland's complete works, translations, and
letters now being prepared by the Academy. A similar
appeal is also made in regard to material for the great
edition of Goethe proceeding from the Goethe-Schiller-
Archiv in Weimar. Any information as to these matters
may be sent to Mr. Leonard L. Mackall, at Johns Hop-
kins University, Baltimore.
The Syndics of the Cambridge University Press have
arranged to publish a comprehensive History of English
Literature on a scale and plan more or less resembling
that of the “Cambridge Modern History.” The work
will be published in about twelve royal octavo volumes
of some 400 pages each, and will cover the whole course
of English literature from Beowulf to the end of the
Victorian Age. The action of foreign influences and the
part taken by secondary writers in successive literary
movements will receive a larger share of attention than
is possible in shorter histories, in which lesser writers are
apt to be overshadowed by a few great names. Each vol-
ume will contain a sufficient bibliography. The “Cam-
bridge History of English Literature” will be edited by
Dr. A. W. Ward, Master of Peterhouse, and Mr. A. R.
Waller.
Besides the editions of “Paul et Virginie” and Mr.
Aldrich's “Songs and Sonnets," already mentioned in
these pages, the publishers of the “Riverside Press
Editions” have under way several enterprises of unusual
interest. Among these undertakings are a translation
of Bernard's life of the great French designer and
engraver, Geofroy Tory, richly illustrated with draw-
ings, designs, etc.; an edition of an exceptionally fine
English prose version of the French epic, « The Song of
Roland,” to be printed on a tall folio page, in a French
Gothic type, embellished with reproductions in color of
the Charlemagne window in the cathedral at Chartres;
and an edition of Dante's Divina Commedia, in one vol-
ume, folio, containing, on opposite pages, both the com-
plete Italian text and Professor Charles Eliot Norton's
notable prose translation, illustrated from Botticelli's
rare and beautiful designs for the poem. More extended
announcements concerning these works will be made
later in the year.
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
April, 1906.
Adolescence, Facts and Problems of. J.R.Angell.. World To-dav
American Manufacturer in China, The. World To-day
American Music, Movement for. Lawrence Gilman Rev. of Revs.
American Nile, The. G. Gordon Copp...
.....Harper
Ancient America, Mystery of. Broughton Brandenburg Appleton
Anthony, Susan B. Ida Husted Harper.. No. American
Anthony, Susan B. Ida Husted Harper.......... Rev. of Revs.
Arizona's Opposition to Union with New Mexico..World To-day
Australia, What People Read in. Henry Stead... Rev. of Revs.
Automobile, Birth of an. Sigmund Krausz...... World To-day
Bank Depositors and Bank Money...
World's Work
Big Three” Companies, Changes in. "Q. P.".. World's Work
' Big Three," Fight for the. Thomas W. Lawson.. Everybody's
Blubber Hunters, The -I. Clifford W. Ashley... .Harper
Borglum, Gutzon, Painter and Sculptor. Leila Mechlin..Studio
Canada's Tariff Mood toward the United States. . No. American
Capri, the Sirens' Island. Edith H. Andrews.... World To-day
Caribou and his Kindred. E. Thompson Seton, Scribner
Chemistry and the World's Food. Robert K. Duncan.. Harper
Chicago Artists, Recent Exhibition of..
.. Studio
Chinese Situation, The. T. Y. Chang..
Rev. of Revs.
Church Music, Reform in. Justine Ward.
.. Atlantic
Churches, Gathering of the. Eugene Wood. Everybody's
Coal Trust, Labor Trust, and the People Who Pay..Everybody's
Colorado River Delta. C. J. Blanchard.
Rev. of Revs.
Consular Reform. C. Arthur Williams... World To-day
Cooper, James Fenimore. W. C. Brownell. .. Scribner
Criminal Law Reform. George W. Alger..
. Atlantic
Dickens in Switzerland. Deshler Welch.
.Harper
Diet Delusions, Some. Woods Hutchinson. ..McClure
Earth, Age of Our. C. Rollin Keyes...
Rev. of Revs.
Education, - Making it Hit the Mark. W.G. Parsons.. Atlantic
Enclosed Garden, A Plea for the. Susan S. Wainwright Atlantic
English Washington Country, The. W. D. Howells.... Harper
Evans Collection of Paintings. Leila Mechlin........ Appleton
Food Science and Pure Food Question.... Rev. of Revs.
Gamesters of the Wilderness. Agnes C. Laut. ..Harper
Haden, Sir Francis Seymour, P.R.E. W. B. Boulton.. Scribner
Hotel de la Rochefoucauld-Doudeauville. C.Gronkowski Century
Immigration - How it is Stimulated. F.A.Ogg.. World To-day
Immortality, Recent Speculations upon.. .No. American
Individualism versus Socialism. William J. Bryan.... Century
Johnson, Tom. David Graham Phillips.... . Appleton
Levy-Dhurmer, L., French Pastelist. Frances Keyser... Studio
Life Insurance as a Profession. Leroy Scott..... World's Work
Life Insurance Legislation. Paul Morton, D.P.Kingsley. No. Am.
Lindsey, Judge, and his work. Helen Grey.... World To-day
Lodge, The. Charles Moreau Harger...
..... Atlantic
Markets and Misery. Upton Sinclair.
No. American
Meunier, Constantin, Sculptor, Christian Brinton..... Century
Mexican Investment, Our. Edward M. Conley ....... Appleton
Niagara, International Aid for. R. S. Lanier. ... Rev. of Revs.
Panama, Truth about. H. C. Rowland.
Appleton
Pan-American Railway, The. C. M. Pepper.
Scribner
Pedantic Usage. Thomas R. Lounsbury.
... Harper
Philadelphia. Henry James.
.No. American
Play, A Hunt for a. Clara Morris..
McClure
President, For. A Jeffersonian Democrat.......No. American
Public Documents, Disposition of. W. S. Rossiter..... Atlantic
Public Library, The Modern. Hamilton Bell.
Appleton
Public Squares. Sylvester Baxter.....
Century
Railroad Rates and Foreign Trade. F. A. Ogg.... Rev. of Revs.
Railroad Securities as an Investment. A. D. Noyes... Atlantic
Religion, Testimony of Biology to. C. W. Saleeby..... Atlantic
Riches, Great. Charles W. Eliot......
World's Work
Rothschild Artisan Dwellings in Paris. Henri Frantz... Studio
Russian Revolution - Is it Constructive ?. .Rev. of Revs.
Senate's Share in Treaty-Making. A. O. Bacon..No. American
Sketching from Nature. Alfred East.
Studio
Socialist Party, The. Upton Sinclair.
World's Work
Spencer, Herbert, Home Life with..
..Harper
Stage Humor, Notes on. Brander Matthews.. .. Appleton
Switzerland, Public Affairs in. Charles E. Russell..Everybody's
Tariff, Single or Dual? James T. McCleary. Rev. of Revs.
Telharmonium, The. T. C. Martin...
Rev. of Revs.
Theater in France To-day. Cora R. Howland... World To-day
Thirty-Ninth Congress, The. William G. Brown....... Atlantic
Tide-Rivers. Lucy Scarborough Conant..
Atlantic
Tolstoy as Prophet. Vernon Lee..
No. American
Tuskegee. Booker T. Washington..
No. American
Tuskegee, 25 Years of. Booker T, Washington.. World's Work
Venice, Waters of. Arthur Symons..
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Waterloo, A Week at. Lady De Lancey.
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Witte, Count De. Perceval Gibbon...
McClure


1906.]
241
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
(The following list, containing 92 titles, includes books
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POETRY AND THE DRAMA.
Nero. By Stephen Phillips. 16mo, gilt top, pp. 200. Macmillan
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The Dynasts: A Drama of the Napoleonic Wars, in Three
Parts. By Thomas Hardy. Part II., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 302.
Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
The Tree of Knowledge. By Mary A. M. Marks. 16mo, uncut,
pp. 173. London: David Nutt.
The Title-Mart: A Comedy in Three Acts. By Winston
Churchill. 16mo, gilt top, pp. 215. Macmillan Co. 75 cts. net.
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Hawaiian Yesterdays: Chapters from a Boy's Life in the
Islands in the Early Days. By Henry M. Lyman, M.D. Illus.,
8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 281. A. C. McClurg & Co. $2. net.
A Memoir of Jacques Cartier, Sieur de Limoilou; his Voy.
ages to the St. Lawrence; a Bibliography and a facsimile of
the manuscript of 1534, with annotations, etc. By James
Phinney Baxter, A.M. Illus., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 464.
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The True Andrew Jackson. By Cyrus Townsend Brady.
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The Life of John Wesley. By C. T. Winchester. With por-
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Sir Walter Scott. By Andrew Lang Illus., 12mo, pp. 215.
* Literary Lives." Charles Scribner's Sons. $1. net.
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The Declaration of Independence : Its History. By John
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Lectures on Early English History. By William Stubbs;
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Americans of 1776. By James Schouler. 8vo, gilt top, pp. 317.
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Greece, from the Coming of the Hellenes to A.D. 14. By E. S.
Shuckburgh. Illus., 12mo, pp. 416. "The Story of the Na-
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Euripides and the Spirit of his Dramas. By Paul De-
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The Launching of a University, and Other Papers: A Sheaf
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Studies in Modern German Literature. By Otto Heller.
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The Legend of St. Juliana. Trans. from the Latin of the
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What Men Like in Women. By E.J. Hardy. 12mo, pp. 157.
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The Triumphs of Eugene Valmont. By Robert Barr. Ilus.,
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Hull, England: J. R. Tutin. Paper.


242
[April 1,
THE DIAL
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[April 1, 1906.
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246
[April 16,
THE DIAL
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1906.)
247
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248
[April 16, 1906.
THE DIAL
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THE
DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER
BY THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS.
.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 18t and 16th NOTES ON CONTEMPORARY POETRY.
of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2. a year in advance,
postage prepard in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; “I have no ear," wrote Charles Lamb, a confes-
in other countries comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a
sion that might, more pertinently, come from certain
year for extra postage must be added. REMITTANCES should
be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE
poets of today. The lyric note needed for spiritual
DIAL COMPANY. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions consolation after our weary hours of toil seldom
will begin with the current number. When no direct request reaches us in modern verse. If we wish to dwell
to discontinue at expiration of subscription is received, it is
in the presence of melody pure and fine, we turn
assumed that a continuance of the subscription is desired.
ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All communi to the older poets; for our present writers seem
cations should be addressed to
careless of that which is their great prerogative,
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. the power to enthrall readers by the magic of
audible beauty. The disregard for melody in
poetry is apparent to those who make it a practice
to read poetry aloud, but is often unnoted by readers
No. 476. APRIL 16, 1906. Vol. XL. who, for their pleasure, depend upon the
eye.
In
this age, when poetry has had a glorious past, when
the English tongue has already been shaped to match-
CONTENTS.
less music, we cannot afford to look with tolerance
NOTES ON CONTEMPORARY POETRY. Martha
upon poetry that falls far short of technical perfec-
Hale Shackford
249
tion. The question of musical excellence is to-day
more than ever important when prose is usurping
COMMUNICATIONS
253
public favor. Poetry must know her kingdom; and,
Peace Terms of the War of 1812. A. T. Mahan.
since poetry is the transfer of beautiful truth by con-
The Author of “Hawaiian Yesterdays.” Sara
crete symbols, communication between unapparent
Andrew Shafer.
spirits by means of sensuous images, considerations
THE MASTERLINESS OF MASTERY. Charles H. of these sensuous elements of poetry should go
hand
Cooper
254 in hand with criticism of spiritual values. No one of
the senses is to be consulted more closely than that
JAPAN'S ANCIENT RELIGION. William Elliot
of hearing. If we were to read all our poetry aloud,
Griffis
255
verse would again take its rightful place in human
THE FOUNDER OF MODERN LANDSCAPE ART. civilization, and be once more what it was in the
Walter Cranston Larned
256 years before the printing of books took away the
STUDIES OF THE IMMIGRATION PROBLEM.
voice of poetry. We scorn to be satisfied with mere
Frederic Austin Ogg .
257
eye-reading of a piece of music, insisting that it shall
be rendered audibly; in only a lesser degree should
THE DISCOVERER OF THE ST. LAWRENCE.
we be satisfied merely to look at the music of poetry.
Lawrence J. Burpee
- 260 If one reads aloud the recent verse of authors of
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne 262
considerable renown, one finds that in almost every
Sinclair's The Jungle. - Lynde's The Quicken poem there is some flaw, some bit of careless work-
ing. — Ward's The Sage-Brush Parson. — Mac manship, to mar its beauty.
donald's The Sea Maid. — Quick's Double Trouble.
“ Too fair for rude reality,
Brady's The Patriots. — Moore's The Lake.
Maarten Maartens's The Healers. — Benson's The
Too real for a shade,"
Angel of Pain. — Crockett's Fishers of Men.
with its intolerable succession of awkwardly
placed r's;
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
264
“And so at last the poet sang,
An English history of the American Civil War.
Letters chiefly from Spain. — A disentangler of the
In biting hunger and hard pain,"
secret of the Totem. -Two new books on Mary where n's are introduced in reckless profusion ;
Stuart. — The story of a wayward personality. –
“Momently
The story of a Platonic friendship. – A hero and
Silence and dissonance, like eating moths,
leader of the Reformation. - A great reference
work of Music and Musicians. The love of Venice
Scatter corruption on the choiring orbs,"
and its modern charm.-A romantic island history. where both harmony and nature are defied; and
- In the world of Chancer's pilgrims.
The woodland weaves its gold-green net;
NOTES
268
The warm wind lazes by;
Can we forego? Can we forget ?
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
. 269
Come, comrade, let us try!”
.
.
&
.
.


250
[April 16,
THE DIAL
or in
with its insistent alliteration, all these betray the or Raleigh's
hand of the artisan. Turning from these trans-
“But true love is a durable fire,
In the mind ever burning,
gressions, one may see how Collins solved the prob-
Never sick, never old, never dead,
lem of repetition,
From itself never turning,"
“Whose numbers, stealing through thy darkening vale, show the use of the trochee and of the anapest.
May, not unseemly, with its stillness suit,
It is of course the inward impulse, not any math-
As, musing slow, I hail
Thy genial loved return! ”
ematical gift, that produces undeniable melody; yet,
after all, * the immortal longings ” of the poet may
If indifference in the matter of adjusting sounds be satisfied if he will take counsel with the Olym-
is the most obvious offense against melody in our
pians, and also with Nature. There is much to be
current poetry, with it are distinct and frequently
learned by versifiers from a close scrutiny of ele-
censured sins in the matters of rhyme and rhythm. mental music. May not the undulations of waving
Monotony in rhyme is more deserving of pardon than
grass, or the drifting of fallen leaves, or the more
is false rhyme where the sounds are only approximate majestic beating of the tide, be a guide to subtle
in musical echo. “Lover” and “clover” illustrate
rhythmical charm, as the sounds of Nature were to
the common fault, the choice of eye-rhymes, insup-
writers such as Spenser, whose work, in portions of
portable when pronounced aloud, because they im-
“ The Faerie Queene ” and in the “ Prothalamion,”
mediately force the reader to unhappy consciousness
is characterized by the melody of one who knew the
of mere words when he should follow the idea.
ripple of running water; or Burns, who in
Oftentimes a bewildered reader does not know how
“Green grow the rashes, 0;
to pronounce the rhyming words of a poem in which
Green grow the rashes, 0);"
such combinations appear, as in a sonnet whose first
four verses end in “stood,” “said,” “ myriad,” and
“Duncan Gray cam' here to woo,
66 solitude.” However much the reader may wish to
Ha, ha, the wooing o't!
do justice, orally, to the poem, he cannot tell, until
On blythe Yule night when we were fou,
Ha, ha, the wooing o't!”
reaching “mood” in the fifth verse, just what gen-
erous intonations must be given in order to obliterate
gives us much of the rich fulness of bird notes?
the differences between “stood” and “solitude," In the obvious attractions of color and form, our
"said " and "myriad." The disregard for integrity of poets are becoming more and more worthy of admi-
rhyme is often matched by disregard for integrity ration. The subdued effect of
of rhythm. A single example will suffice to show what “Until some hazy autumn day
frequently occurs in poems written in blank verse:
With yellow evening in the skies
And rime upon the tawny hills,
“Unto this twain, man-child and woman-child,
The far blue signal smoke shall rise,”
I give the passion of this element;
the swift distinctness of
This power, this purity, this annihilation."
“My soul, like wheeling swallows in the rain,
Flies low — flies low — "
There is so little power of invention among poets
the more ambitious
of the present time, so little originality in versifica-
“A sheaf of broom-flowers, yellow at the heart,
tion, that we scarcely ever find impressive beauty
Drugged with the sun and listless with the dew,
wrought out by artful verse forms. Few poets attempt The silence of the ordered petal edge
anything more than the iambic movement. No spirit
With flame shot through,”
of daring experiment animates contributors to maga and the intensity of
zines. A correct form has been established, it has
“Noons of poppy, noons of poppy,
found favor, and no man is so hardy as to venture
Scarlet acres by the sea,
an innovation. If we think of the exuberant measures
Burning to the blue above them;
Love, the world is full for me,”
of the Elizabethan period, we may well condemn
ourselves that we cannot say, with George Wither, show unquestionable delight in visible beauty. Never
before in the history of English poetry have color-
“I have a Muse, and she shall music make me;
Whose airy notes, in spite of closest cages,
words found so large a place as at the present time.
Shall give content to me, and after ages.”
An alert consciousness of the sun and sky, and of the
waning of color, is noticeable in almost every
It is true that iambic verse is best suited to the genius of a magazine. The modern mood is one of increas-
issue
of the English language ; but poets have, in the past, ing keenness of eye, but even yet sensuous perception
found the secret of varied melodies.
has not become imaginative in the highest fashion.
“Come away, come away, death,
We have an abundance of descriptive poetry, deli-
And in sad cypress let me be laid ;
cately responsive to the stimulus of varying condi-
Fly away, fly away, breath,
I am slain by a fair cruel maid.
tions of nature, and we have an abundance of the
poetry of unrelieved reflection; but the interpretation
My shroud of white, stuck all with yew, of the ideal in terms of the concrete is very infrequent.
0
prepare it!
Such lines as these are constantly appearing,
My part of death, no one so trne
Did share it,"
“Stirring my eager soul to some transcendent strife.”


1906.]
251
THE DIAL
Here is truth, but not poetic truth, since no specific author has sought vigorously for the circumstantial,
imagery forces the idea upon the reader's vital intelli and has overwhelmed his readers by crowding pic-
gence; he does not see or hear the strife; it is a coldtures so rapidly, by the aid of eleven “ands” and
and shapeless warfare, hinted at, rather than pro seventeen limiting prepositions, that the effect is
jected by picturesque symbols, as in Miss Guiney's blurred, inasmuch as the sonnet, noble in conception,
lacks the calm slow movement of finished art.
“While Kings of eternal evil
Yet darken the hills about,
QUESTIONS.
Thy part is with broken sabre
“Curious of life and love and death they stand
To rise on the last redoubt;
Outward along the shadowy verge of thought;
66 To fear not sensible failure,
Rebels and deicides, they rise unsought
Nor covet the game at all,
And spare no creed and yield to no command.
But fighting, fighting, fighting,
Even though at last we seem to understand,
Die, driven against the wall!”
Yet, when our eyes grow sphered to the new light,
We find them, outposts in the forward night,
The imaginative pageantry which embodies high Their eyes still restless with the same demand.
thoughts separates poetry from the bodiless phantom
On all the heights and at the farthest goal
Set by the seers and Christs of yesterday,
of philosophy. Poetry fires the imagination of the
They watch and wait and ask the onward way;
reader by pointing him to familiar sights and experi They storm the citadels of faith and youth,
ences as guides to hidden realities. So Vaughan
And, gazing always for the stars of truth,
uses the concrete in his well-remembered stanza,
Crowd in the glimmering windows of the soul."
"I see them walking in an air of glory
Between these two poles of abstract and of too
Whose light doth trample on my days ;
inclusive concrete, there are many lesser manifesta-
My days, which are at best but dull and hoary, tions of defective imaginative power. Not in
Mere glimmerings and decays,"
accordance with human experience is this English
or the lines in “ The Retreat,”
observation of the ways of nature:
"felt through all this fleshly dress
“Waves of the gentle waters of the healing night,
Bright shoots of everlastingness,"
Flow over me with silent peace and golden dark,
and the much-praised lines of Marvell,
Wash me of sound, wash me of color, down the day;
“Annihilating all that's made
Light the tall golden candles and put out the day.”
To a green thought in a green shade,"
Again,
and Shakespeare's
“The wings whereby he strove and climbed,"
“Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
is a line troublesome to a reader who must pause to
Thou art more lovely and more temperate :
reassure himself of the function of wings. It may
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, be possible to approve the following lines, but one
And summer's lease hath all too short a date.”
hesitates over the imagery :
While shrinking from objective reality of expres “Our road dropped straight as eye can run.”
sion is characteristic of many thoughtful poets, the
What of the suggestion, partly due to faulty punctua-
very opposite fault is sometimes to be observed,
tion, of these concluding lines of a poem :
that is, undue lavishness of picture. A certain ver-
“Groves inaccessible whence voices come,
bal generosity marks much of the work presented in
That call to the ear whither we may not go"?
the current magazines. Few writers have the power
of combining thought with outer vision, and so flash-
And what of the anti-climax of image in
ing a clear instantaneous light upon a theme. The “The past, the future, all of weal and woe
crystallized suggestiveness of
In my old life was gone,
And still to this I clung as one who clings
“ All valiant dust that builds on dust,"
To hope's last hencoop in the wreck of things ” ?
“Give not a windy night a rainy morrow,
The majority of these ill-conditioned lines owe
To linger out a purposed overthrow,"
their disfigurement to the ambition of poets for some-
is rare.
We have to-day what may be called the thing new and striking in the way of expression.
peripatetic school of poetry, which insists upon walk- Simplicity, which is the gauge of clearness, is consid-
ing all about an object or a dramatic situation, taking ered too old-fashioned by poets who have forgotten,
notes on every aspect. The result of this method
or never known, that great poetry is transfiguration
of investigation is an accumulation of phrases such as of the commonplace. The inordinate search for the
“Yet life's explainer, solvent harmony,
unique adjective, the surprising phrase, the spec-
Frail strength, pure passion, meek austerity,
tacular image, makes poetasters of us.
And the white splendor of these darkened years.”
Work like this comes dangerously near being mere
More deplorable than indifference to music or lack
of sufficiently concrete expression is disloyalty to
lexicography; one waits in vain for the incisive word,
the crowding emotions of the world. If we consider
the supreme expression of the essential idea.
the question of the emotional element in the poetry
There is evidence, oftentimes, of a striving for of to-day, we must admit that intellectual perception
definite imagery; but the effort is defeated by over rather than emotional perception preponderates.
comprehensiveness. In the following sonnet the There is a vast amount of successful verse, culti-
forever gone.
or of


252
[April 16,
THE DIAL
vated, complacent, without a hint of passionate soul
behind. Neither the misery nor the joy of life finds
thrilling voice. Poets give us only the fringes of
their deep feeling, and deny us knowledge of their
good and evil, guarding their existence jealously. If
emotion were a matter of premeditation, or if poign-
ant understanding of the great passions of the race
were a matter of felicitous choice, the poet might be
forgiven his selfish shyness; but as life goes, no one
can lay claim to profound emotional individuality.
A poet should recognize the fact of his alliance with
all humanity, and so become the interpreter of the
mysteries of human experience.
There are two very noticeable tendencies in the
emotional element of current verse. The old longing
to attain some sort of personal recognition appears in
the literature of to-day as strongly as ever. Out of
the turmoil and friction of human life, some men and
women are struggling for an imperishable remem-
brance. They yearn, as men have always yearned,
to be something more than fleeting shadows; they
wish to arrest their experience and place it before the
world, protesting instinctively against the inevitable
indifference of the world toward the mere individual.
The self-absorption of this class of authors appears
in this representative poem:
“There are so many kinds of me,
Indeed, I cannot say
Just which of many I shall be
On any given day.
“Whence are they-princess, witch, or nun?
I know not; this I know:
The gravest, gentlest, simplest one
Was buried long ago.
“There, by his hand all covered o'er,
It slumbers, as is fit;
And nothing tells the name it bore,
Or marks the place of it.
" But all the other kinds of me
They know, and turn aside,
And check their laughter soberly
Above the one that died.”
Their work reveals the utter impotence of the writers
to realize that great art sweeps away all limitations
of time and space and petty personal intents, absorb-
ing all things into the combined significance of a
thousand lives. The annihilation of self, the erasure
of the creature with a surname, must come before
fate wills immortality.
While, in the poems below, egotism sinks away
in a larger grasp of the eternal, another regrettable
impulse is to be noted. The elevation of tone is
marked, but so also is the decline of militant spirit-
uality.
“Let me remember that I failed,
So I may not forget
How dear that goal the distance veiled
Toward which my feet were set.
“Let me forget, if so Thy will,
How fair the joy desired,
Dear God, so I remember still
That one day I aspired."
And
“Carry me home to the pine-wood,
Give me to rest by the sea;
Leave me alone with the lulling tone
Of the South-wind's phantasy.
“For I am weary of discord,
Sick of the clash of the strife,
Sick of the bane of this prelude of pain,
And I yearn for the symphony - Life.”
In a hundred poems to-day we are constantly told
of a tragic past, of distant splendor, of the tears and
struggles which are viewed now in melancholy retro-
spect. These chastened poets show a studied indif-
ference to the illusions of present action, of heroic
struggle and triumph in the immediate hour. The
ring of battle to-day is only an echo from the dis-
tance; the living voice has no imperious annuncia-
tion to make of its great joys and sorrows. We
need such men and women as can match the grim,
exultant courage
of Henley's poem,
Out of the night that covers me,
Black as the pit from pole to pole,
I thank whatever gods may be
For my unconquerable soul.
“In the fell clutch of circumstance
I have not winced nor cried aloud,
Under the bludgeonings of chance
My head is bloody, but unbowed.
" Beyond this place of wrath and tears
Looms but the Horror of the shade;
And yet the menace of the years
Finds and shall find me unafraid.
" It matters not how strait the gate,
How charged with punishments the scroll:
I am the master of my fate,
I am the captain of my soul.”
Or of Mr. Moody's more hauntingly beautiful song,
" Of wounds and sore defeat
I made my battle stay;
Wingéd sandals for my feet
I wove of my delay;
Of weariness and fear
I made my shouting spear;
Of loss, and doubt, and dread,
And swift oncoming doom,
I made a helmet for my head
And a floating plume.
From the shutting mist of death,
From the failure of the breath,
I made a battle-horn to blow
Across the vales of overthrow.
O hearken, love, the battle horn!
The triumph clear, the silver scorn!
O hearken where the echoes bring,
Down the grey disastrous morn,
Laughter and rallying!”
America has deep need of poetry. Commercial
prosperity has not assuaged the griefs that spring
from estrangement, or bodily pain, or death. We
yearn to know the truths of this too visible universe,
the meaning of spiritual defeat, and of all the strange
paradoxes that mock our progress; and we need the
knowledge as it is spoken by living voices. The con-
clusions of a former age have power, but the tri-
umphant utterances of the present will bring a more
positive solace to those who struggle with conditions


1906.]
253
THE DIAL
of to-day. It is the plighted vow of our poets to trans Nowhere in them do the depredations of our privateers
mute the inner glory of thought into outer glory of find mention, I do not mean as a motive to peace, but
beauty; it is their privilege to illuminate with a flash mention of any kind. Losses by privateers were then an
those things which elude our understanding; it is
old story to Great Britain. During twenty-one years of
war with France, she had lost annually in this way an
their mission to grapple with the keenest realities of
life and with exalted accent forever proclaim the
average of nearly 500 merchant vessels, as I have shown
in a former work; while in nearly three years we took
supremacy of spirit over
66 these
rags
of clay.”
from her about 1600, a proportion not greatly exceed-
MARTHA HALE SHACKFORD. ing the other. The factor determining her was the fear
of a renewal of the European war, owing to disputes
between the states that had just overthrown Napoleon;
to which contributed the marked disposition of the Czar,
then the most powerful Continental ruler, to be influ-
COMMUNICATIONS.
enced in his course by prepossession toward America,
which made him so far antagonistic to Great Britain in
PEACE TERMS OF THE WAR OF 1812.
the existing Congress of Vienna. These conditions dis-
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
posed Great Britain to get the American quarrel off her
There has been sent me THE DIAL for March 1, 1906,
hands;
but the sole circumstance favorable to us in the
containing a letter from Mr. F. H. Costello, in which terms of peace was that she relinquished claims which
occur the following sentences: “What led Great Britain
could be made good only by further fighting, and this
[in 1814] to consent to peace-terms so favorable to us ?
the European conditions made inexpedient.
The answer is: it was the work of our privateers. Even
The importance of this matter, which alone requires
Captain Mahan
in part admits this.”
my reply, is that such a claim as Mr. Costello makes is
Everybody is at liberty to express their opinions, and
but too consonant to our American tendency, to trust to
I can have no quarrel with Mr. Costello for his; but, as improvised means of war, and is therefore dangerously
he cites me in support of a view which I do not hold, misleading: Save for the victories of Perry and Mac-
and have not expressed, and as I cannot flatter myself donough, Great Britain would have held territory, and
that many readers of THE DIAL will also read my“ War
might have made good her demands. She had to recede
of 1812," which affords data for a correct conclusion, it
from them, not because of privateering, but because on
seems expedient to set the matter right.
the Lakes our navy was equal to hers, and at times
It must be remembered that, although Great Britain superior. There too, she, trusting to improvised means,
during the preceding ten years had given us abundant came out behind, as we did in our hopeless inferiority
cause for war, she did not wish war. It was we who
on the ocean. Should we again elect a policy which in
declared war, for two reasons: the injuries to our trade
the future, as then, shall leave us decisively inferior to
by the Orders in Council, and the British practice of
our maritime competitors, the lesson will be repeated,
Impressment. In the negotiations for peace, Great Bri despite all the privateers that may exist; just as the
tain peremptorily refused even to discuss the questions of
Southern Confederacy fell, although its cruisers had
compensation for the one, or abandonment of the other. driven the sailing commerce of the Union from the seas.
We relinquished both demands. Here there is nothing
To say this may be “to belittle our work in the War of
favorable. We had fought, and lost.
1812," to use Mr. Costello's words; but it is wholesome
Although Great Britain had not wished war, yet, hav and necessary truth, none the less.
A. T. MAHAN.
ing incurred it, she thought she might derive profit. To Pau, France, March 28, 1906.
this she was the more encouraged, because the cessation
of war in Europe, by Napoleon's abdication in April,
THE AUTHOR OF "HAWAIIAN YESTERDAYS."
1814, promised at first to release her arms against the
United States. She therefore presented two demands.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
One was the definitive abandonment of a large part of
In bis review of “Hawaiian Yesterdays,” by Dr.
our northwestern territory to the Indians, under her and
Henry Munson Lyman, published in your issue of
our joint guarantee; the other, the cession to her of part
April 1, Mr. Bicknell notes one or two errors.
of the territory of Maine, and of the military use of the impelled to ask you to supplement his review by this
Great Lakes. From these she receded; why? Because,
word of explanation.
as the Duke of Wellington wrote to the ministry, her
The book in question was arranged after the death
forces at the moment controlled neither the one nor the of Dr. Lyman, late in 1904, from a memoir he had
other. The Northwest had been freed by Perry's vic-
written as a recreation in the few leisure hours of a
tory on Lake Erie, and the lower Great Lakes region
most busy life without other thought than that of giving
saved by Macdonough's victory on Lake Champlain.
pleasure to his own family — and to a few intimate
Not having possession, she could not claim. Why,
friends. The preparation of the manuscript for the
then, not continue the war? Mr. Costello says, Priva-
press was undertaken by one of his daughters as an act
teering. The inner counsels of the British Government of filial piety ; and the book necessarily lacked the
are unusually well known in this matter, because the
revision of its author, whose written and spoken En-
Minister for Foreign Affairs, who corresponds to our
glish was a life-long delight to his friends.
Secretary of State, was during this period absent on the
Mr. Bicknell's hope that the cheerful yesterdays
Continent, conducting negotiations. Consequently, con-
might be followed by confident to-morrows has passed
sultations between him and his colleagues, ordinarily
into an article of faith by all who knew this beloved
held in conversation, or around the council board, were
physician,- for wherever high thoughts and gentle deeds
carried on by letters. Many of these have been pub-
and
peace and love remain, there he will have found a
lished in the Castlereagh Correspondence. Many have
home.
SARA ANDREW SHAFER.
not; but these also I have had opportunity to read. La Porte, Indiana, April 9, 1906.
I am


254
[April 16,
THE DIAL
The New Books.
The theme is treated in eight chapters with
more or less fanciful titles. " A Samson of the
Backwoods” gives an account of Lincoln's early
THE MASTERLINESS OF MASTERY.* struggles and triumphs ; “ Love, War, and Pol-
On taking up Mr. Alonzo Rothschild's hand-
itics” carries him to his leadership of the Whig
some volume on “Lincoln, Master of Men,"
Lincoln, Master of Men,” party in Illinois ;
party in Illinois ; " Giants, Big and Little” nar-
one can hardly help wondering why it should
rates his rivalry with Douglas from their young
have been thought worth while to devote so large manhood to the day of Lincoln's great triumph
and impressive a book to so obvious and well
when Douglas held his hat through the inaugura-
recognized an aspect of Mr. Lincoln's character tion ceremonies; “ The Power behind the Throne"
and achievements. The book seems to be put
is of course Seward, and “ An Indispensable
forth with an air of novelty, both as to title and
Man" is Chase; while “ The Curbing of Stan-
treatment, — as though bringing out something
ton conveys an altogether wrong impression of
very important that had been previously over-
Lincoln's relations with his great war minister ;
looked ; whereas there is no good biography of
“ How the Pathfinder Lost the Trail” tells the
Lincoln that is not itself, apart from the general story of Frémont and his lamentable failure as
history of the times that it may contain, the general and politician; “The Young Napoleon”.
story of his mastery of men. From his youth to is General McClellan, and the story of his fail-
the tragic end of his life, he is pictured by every
ures and of his intimate and often touching per-
fit biographer as rising from obscurity to wide
sonal relations with his superiors is told at length,
influence and undying fame through his mastery though of course one-sidedly, as appears in the
over the harsh conditions and the strong men
title, which in itself conveys a sneer.
In fact,
that surrounded him. They all tell of his early the book is one-sided throughout, a piece of
triumphs of physical strength through which he special pleading, brilliantly done, but without
mastered the Clary's Grove gang and similar great historical value. The author has selected
lawless spirits, and made them his loyal friends
the salient points in Lincoln's career and strung
and supporters; of the proof of his leadership his entire treatment of them on this thread of
shown in his election as a captain in the Black
“ mastery.” He has a real gift for popular his-
Hawk war; of his legislative career and his rise torical writing, and has made every chapter inter-
to the leadership of his party in Illinois ; of his esting, especially to one who already knows
rivalry with Douglas, who, though victorious in enough of the details of Lincoln's life to be able
the early senatorial contest, was vanquished by to fit what is here told into its relations with
Lincoln in the struggle for the far greater prize affairs in general. But it must be said that these
of the Presidency; of his relations as President character studies of Lincoln's rivals cannot be
with the strong men of his cabinet who tried to
taken as true to life; the treatment is partial
manage him but found in him a master who man and pre-determined, those characteristics and
aged them, and who was the real, not nominal, qualities being brought out that are demanded
head of his administration; and of his trials with by the author's thesis. The result is in each
incompetent and unsuccessful generals, whom, case, — notably those of Seward and Stanton,
patient and long-suffering as he was, he did not that an altogether false idea is given of these
hesitate to get rid of when their unfitness was
men and their relations with their chief. The
apparent or they would not or could not give impression is left, perhaps without the author's
single-hearted obedience to their commander-in- intention, not that they were strong men work-
chief. These are the things to which Mr. Roth-ing heartily together for one great cause, though
schild devotes his book. He has given us nothing with frequent differences of opinion, but that the
new in matter, and his grouping throws no new
relation was essentially one of rivalry, ending in
light on Lincoln's career or character; while the “mastery” on one side and defeat on the other.
book, with its reiteration of the word, makes
Lincoln is made to stand out preëminent, as of
no
deeper impression of Lincoln's mastery over men course he should; but one cannot get from these
than does the plain biography that does not use
studies, elaborate as some of them are, any ade-
the word at all. The thing itself pervades the quate idea of the greatness of his great cabinet
whole career of Lincoln, and frequent mention
ministers. One who knows well the history of
of it tends rather to irritate the reader than to the time can supply this for himself, and to him
increase his appreciation of the quality.
the chapters are interesting and not without
value; but it needs this broader knowledge to
* LINCOLN, MASTER OF MEN. A Study in Character. By Alonzo
Rothschild. With portraits. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. keep the reader from distorted ideas of the great


1906.]
255
THE DIAL
men who held up Lincoln's hands through the his ripened conclusions. No one is equipped
trials and struggles of the war.
for correct perspective in the study of Japanese
What has been written thus far, though in- who is not measurably familiar with those Chi-
tended as a fair statement of the plan of the nese texts from which the early Japanese writers
book and the inevitable disadvantages of this (who must needs, out of pride, imitate the great
plan, would, if no more were said, fail of doing Chinese civilization beyond seas) extracted the
it justice. The author tells his story with zest rhetorical bombast and gold embroidery with
and force; the book has life, and the material which to adorn their scanty insular traditions.
cannot but be interesting, for it deals with the The Kojiki, chiefly a collection of myths, was
most attractive personality that America has pro set down from memory, in Chinese phonetics, in
duced and the most exciting and critical period the year 712 A. D. It contains, for the most
of American history. It abounds with well-chosen part, the pure - Japanese ” view, with legend
anecdotes, and with the interesting personal items and data for partial reconstruction of early
that give life to biography. Occasionally the Yamato institutional life. The Nihongi, written
rhetoric is strained through effort to be vivacious by islanders who had some Chinese scholarship,
in style, but this is not a serious blemish on the re-sets the same primitive legends and fairy-tales
work. Its mechanical form is notably excellent, (which are accepted by the average Japanese
especially the portraits ; and there is an abund as sober history) in the elaborate apparatus of
ant apparatus of bibliography, notes, references, Chinese cosmogony, philosophy, and rhetoric.
and index. The bibliography and citations of The change is as of a picture frame of unpainted
authorities are indeed fuller and better than any pine to Florentine gilt. Lest we be accused of
other that we know. CHARLES H. COOPER.
exaggerating what the modern Japanese would
have us believe concerning the antiquity of his
o nation” — which had no real existence until
the fusion of many tribes of divers ethnic origins
JAPAN'S ANCIENT RELIGION.*
after the eighth century, - we note that the
There is the same danger and the same diffi- honored Count Okuma, once premier and head
culty in interpreting ancient life in the Sunrise of the Waseda University, habitually, and even
Archipelago, and thus influencing our estimate as late as in “ The Independent” of January
of the modern Japanese, that pertains to all ap- 25, 1906, speaks of our twenty-five hundred
praisement of a nation coming into notice from years of written history.” The italics are ours.
unlettered savagery through a later alien cul What the islanders of the archipelago, called
ture. One who studies the Norsemen, or any in comparatively modern times “the Japanese,'
Christianized people who received their writing
were before the intellect of the dominant tribe
with their new religion, must beware of accept-
was fertilized by the contact of the Aryan intel-
ing exotic and after-thoughts for primitive con-
lect (in the form of Buddhism, an Aryan re-
ceptions. The official Japanese of to-day would ligion), and also with Chinese ethics, philosophy,
have us believe that the original Mikado-clans and general science, is seen in this masterly book,
in Nippon had much the same ideas about im- which is written with fulness, scholarly coolness,
perialism that are held to-day. The uncritical and judicial accuracy. Had Mr. Aston chosen
or average foreign writer knocks all chronology to swell his fewer than 400 pages into an ency-
into a cocked hat, and puts nursery and fairy- clopædia, he were well able to do it. But he has
tale theories in the place of science and progres been content to tell only what is known of this
sive development.
primitive cult. Shinto had no ancestor-worship,
Mr. W. G. Aston, in his volume entitled because the islanders had no family life or ances-
“Shinto, the Way of the Gods," proceeds on a
tral system, such as were already elaborated in
totally different principle. He was one of those
China. Those who have studied the later his-
young Englishmen who, fresh from the univer- tory of the God-way well know how the dogmas
sity, set up a literary laboratory in Tokio in of the paramount Yamato race were harnessed
1870, almost as soon as that city received its
as steeds to draw the chariot of imperialism.
name. After long residence in the empire, and
Shinto notions coöperated with the weapons of
profound researches in tradition and text, man iron against the men in the stone age, whose
ners and customs, literature and art, Chinese, primitive mental conceptions were even ruder
Japanese, and foreign, he has given in this book than those of their conquerors, whose ancestors
came from beyond sea — possibly from the Sun-
gari valley in Asia.
*SHINTO, THE WAY OF THE GODs. By W. G. Aston. New
York : Longmans, Green, & Co.


256
[April 16,
THE DIAL
ART.*
Mr. Aston appraises critically the sources for
THE FOUNDER OF MODERN LANDSCAPE
the study of Shinto, showing that the materials
in European languages before the later foreign
scholars, who studied on the soil of Japan, are
Landscape painting has reached its highest
very nearly worthless, because they deal with the development within but little over a century, and
Buddhaized, or Riobu,” Shinto. He treats
may therefore be considered as a product of our
further of personification, the deification of men,
own times. The ancient peoples of Egypt, of
the functions of the gods, myth and mythical
Greece, and Rome knew very little of landscape
narrative, nature and man deities, the priest- art; nor did the painters of mediæval times know
hood and worship, morals, law, and ceremonial, much more. The great men of the Renaissence
closing with a view of those inevitable products used landscape in their backgrounds, and used it
of decay that belong to all dying or dead re-
well ; but it was always subordinate to the cen-
ligions. He is strong in showing how “the
tral theme. They painted very few independent
misunderstanding of metaphorical language is a
landscapes. The landscapes of the Dutch in
fertile source of apotheosis," and proves that the
later days are conventional in treatment, though
deification of the Mikado is a case in point. He often very beautiful in color.
is a veritable genius in illustrating the works of
It is most interesting to reflect that a simple
desolation that the stupid man in religion has English painter, Constable, all unknowingly came
everywhere wrought. Notwithstanding the over-
to be the founder, or at least the earliest inspi-
praise of the Japanese, the stupid man is fright- ration, of the greatest school of landscape art
fully in evidence in this island country, which
the world has ever known. His latest biogra-
is so much “ the land of the gods” that it has pher, Mr. Sturge Henderson, has shown in a
over eighty million deities, with a census of de-
very clear and interesting way the sources of
mons and spirits whose figures would stagger
Constable’s art. The simplicity of the tale adds
calculation. From the spell of these “ gods,” the
not a little to its charm. In his life, as in his art,
average Japanese is as yet far from being deliv-
Constable was as simple as Wordsworth. In the
ered. Even Mr. Stead, who would have us be-
themes he chose for his paintings he followed in
lieve that the Japanese are paragons of efficiency the footsteps of the poet who wrote of dancing
beyond the dreams of the Anglo-Saxon, mixes
daffodils and of the primrose by the river.
up “gods” and men for our admiration, in a
There was in most of Constable's greater
way which demonstrates that these “ gods” and
works the spirit of homely life upon a farm in
the everyday Japanese are one and the same.
Suffolk. There was no exceptional feature in the
In his arrangement of the book, with its abun- landscape to make it grand or striking; it was
dant translation of ancient text and ritual, all
the landscape of home, with great trees and wide
well indexed, we have just what the volume skies full of cloud masses, and beneath them
professes to be — a handbook for the study of spreading meadows and gently sloping hillsides.
Shinto. Our own judgment, after reading and
Almost always there was a farmer coming home
re-reading this work, is that there is nothing to
with his horses and his hay-wain, or a milkmaid
compare with it for the critical study of the
with her cows. Often windmills or watermills
primitive conceptions of the Nippon islanders
formed the central subject; for the artist loved
and for the institutional history of the Yamato, old mills and mill dams, with their slimy posts
or Mikado-clans; while at the same time the
and brick-work falling to decay, and he himself
southern or Polynesian outlook is almost entirely says that the banks of the Stour, abounding in
ignored or neglected by Mr. Aston. The study touched a pencil. The painting of landscape was
scenes, taught him to paint before he even
of the traditions and languages of that great
drift of humanity inhabiting peninsular Asia,
a later development of Constable's work ; for he
and Insulinde, or island Asia, will yet throw, we
began as a portrait painter, and was fairly suc-
are persuaded, much new light on primitive cessful in that most difficult field of art. Perhaps
Nippon. We are glad to notice that the French
it was from this work that he gained his knowl-
author Revon, in his latest work on Japan, edge of drawing; but the love of landscape was
“Le Shinntoisme” (the title is tautological, always predominant in him, and as soon as he
for the to in Shinto has the same force as ism
could he gave up everything else and devoted
in “ Buddhism”), has begun an examination of himself entirely to the painting of landscapes.
the oceanic side of Japan's most ancient written
It is a very interesting fact that the homely
story.
* CONSTABLE. By T. Sturge Henderson. Illustrated. New
WILLIAM ELLIOT GRIFFIS.
York: Imported by Charles Scribner's Sons.


1906.]
257
THE DIAL
Constable, and not the brilliant Turner, his con influence upon landscape painting is most justly
temporary, influenced the French masters. It and truly set forth, especially in the part which
was his “ Hay Wain,” which was shown at the deals with his influence upon the French school.
Salon in Paris in 1824, that made a sensation The author says that Constable's appeal to the
and “ created a division in the school of land- French artists was that of naturalism, which was
scape painters in France.” Mr. Ruskin is not unique in two respects. Constable fearlessly
pleased with the drawing of Constable nor does adopted “unpicturesque ” localities as subjects
he greatly like his color; whereas he lauds Turner for his pictures. He also adopted “fresh, bright
to the skies. Nevertheless, Millet, perhaps the color, which, though the French had admired it
greatest of the Barbizon school, follows Constable in the work of the English water colorists, they
closely in many ways; for he too was a lover of had not attempted to emulate in what they con-
the home, and he cared for his peasants of Nor sidered more serious painting.” More than this,
mandy or of Barbizon just as Constable loved as the author tells us, “ Men of more imaginative
his Suffolk farmers. The value of the sky in temperament might find in the plains and hills
landscape was deeply appreciated by Constable, of their native land sentiments other than those
and he was always studying clouds in their ever that he had found; but it was he who had indi-
varying aspects. In Millet's “ Angelus” the sky cated the source from which their inspiration
has nearly as much to do with the marvellous was to be drawn, and pointed them the way to
power of the picture as the peasants themselves a new kingdom.
praying with bowed heads.
The fact is worth noting that Ruskin made
The Frenchmen who found inspiration in Con- the same criticism on Constable that the French
stable's works had a far better technique than critics made of Millet that his tastes were
he, for there was no Ecole des Beaux Arts in • low.” It is strange that the great poet-critic
England. It was not in technique, but in thought of England should have thus spoken of Con-
and purpose, that the simple English master so stable's art. It is equally strange that the
deeply impressed the painters of the school of learned critics of France should in the same
1830, who produced the greatest landscapes the words have condemned Millet's work. In the
world had yet known ; and in these simple qual- light of a new day for landscape art, the “low”
ities are to be found the fascination and charm has been illuminated by the light of genius
of Constable's life and of his pictures. He was and has become high " indeed. This result is
not successful in marine painting, although he simply a tardy appreciation of truth, which in
attempted such subjects at times. He was ill at art, as everywhere else, must prevail over artifice.
ease with the vastness and grandeur of the ocean, The beautiful simplicity of Constable's life
because he did not know the sea as he knew the and art are admirably expressed in this book, and
skies and clouds, and the far-reaching meadows those who read it carefully will learn much more
and downs of his home-land. He painted well than they have known before about the simple
only what was familiar to him in his home-life, and homely but great English master, and how
and here he found subjects great enough to tax his simplicity and truthfulness prevailed in in-
the utmost resources of his art.
spiring the greatest landscape art the world has
But little more than half of Mr. Henderson's ever known. WALTER CRANSTON LARNED.
book is devoted to the life of Constable and the
painting of his pictures. In the latter part the
author gives some very interesting accounts of
the Lucas Mezzotints, those famous reproduc- STUDIES OF THE IMMIGRATION PROBLEM.*
tions of some of the greatest of Constable’s works. One of the most interesting social and eco-
He also speaks at length of the artist's lectures nomic phenomena of the past four or five years
on art, which are interesting but not far-reaching has been the enormous increase in immigration
in their influence. Few artists are great lecturers, from European countries to the United States.
and Constable was no exception to the general | The latest annual report of the Commissioner-
rule. He should never have attempted to criti General of Immigration shows that during the
cize Italian art, which he knew only through
reproductions. He was somewhat witty at times,
and rather caustic in his criticisms, indeed, he
By James Davenport
was accused of being ill-natured, but on the whole
this accusation is not borne out by the facts. S. Bernheimer, Ph.D. Philadelphia: The John C. Winston Co.
THE JEWS IN AMERICA. By Dr. Madison C. Peters. Philadel-
In the tenth chapter of the book, Constable's phia: The John C. Winston Co.
* IMMIGRATION AND ITS EFFECTS UPON THE UNITED STATES.
By Prescott F. Hall. New York: Henry Holt & Co.
THE PROBLEM OF THE IMMIGRANT.
Whelpley. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
THE RUSSIAN JEW IN THE UNITED STATES. Edited by Charles


258
[April 16,
THE DIAL
fiscal year ending June 30, 1905, considerably such an amount of discriminating attention and
over a million men, women, and children of for- thoroughgoing discussion as during the past
eign birth landed at our ports with the intention twelve months. Not, for example, since the days
of becoming residents, for a longer or a shorter of Chinese exclusion legislation has a president
time, among us. This is the first time that the spoken upon it so fully or so explicitly as has
million mark has been passed and the dubious President Roosevelt in his last two annual mes-
record has created no little alarm in the minds sages to Congress ; never before has such a body
of many people. The mere fact of numbers, as the National Civic Federation devoted a three
however, is not the serious thing. A survey of days' meeting exclusively to the discussion of it;
the statistics of the subject, running back sev and never has the past year's output of litera-
enty or eighty years, will show that the volume ture upon it been approached in either quantity
of immigration exhibits a decided tendency to or quality. Not only has immigration been
periodic swells and depressions, from which it is treated from widely varying points of view in
but fair to surmise that we are now just passing many of our best periodicals, but the year has
over the crest of an immigration wave and may seen the publication of the first noteworthy book
expect a corresponding falling off within a few on the subject since the appearance of Professor
years. But even if the present remarkable rate Mayo-Smith's “ Emigration and Immigration”
of increase should be maintained indefinitely in 1890,- and indeed not one book but several.
the important thing would still not be the num First of all may be mentioned the general
ber, but rather the quality, of the new-comers. treatise by Mr. Prescott F. Hall entitled “Im-
During the past two or three decades there has migration and its Effects upon the United
been a striking change in this latter respect. The States.” This volume is the first in a promising
peoples who come to us now are not so much series on “ American Public Problems” which
those from northern and western as those from Messrs. Holt & Company announce under the
southern and eastern Europe, — Russian Jews, editorship of Dr. Ralph Curtis Ringwalt. As
Slavs, and Italians instead of Germans, Scandi- Secretary of the Immigration Restriction League
navians, and British. The full effects of this in recent years Mr. Hall has had both occasion
shift cannot at present be foreseen. Certain it and opportunity to study the immigration move-
is that morally, mentally, and materially the ment in all its essential phases and processes.
elements which now dominate are on the whole The volume which he has written embodies the
of an inferior type, and there can be no denying results of his observations, and is intended to be,
that their coming brings upon the country sev not an attempt at an exhaustive discussion, but
eral pretty clearly defined, though by no means simply a handbook presenting in convenient form
necessarily fatal, dangers. On the other hand, the salient facts concerning the extent, character,
we receive no considerable class of aliens that can and effects of our immigration to-day. Pretty
be demonstrated to be lacking in capacity for nearly every conceivable aspect of the subject is
development, and the fundamental test ought touched upon, with the inevitable result that the
always to be not so much what the immigrant is rule of the strictest brevity becomes inexorable.
when he lands at our ports as what he shows an At the same time the book reads well, and one
aptitude for becoming.
is struck by the author's skill in condensation
The problem of the immigrant is one that has where the temptation to more or less diffuse
been always with us. If anyone imagines that writing must have been very great.
the alarm now being expressed in many quarters In many ways the most valuable portion of
is anything new he need only run back along the Mr. Hall's volume is that which deals with the
whole course of our national history to observe important topic of immigration legislation. After
that over and over again the problem of the a careful presentation of the history of such leg-
incoming alien has been deemed just as serious islation an inquiry is made into the effects of
as it is felt to be to-day. At the same time this our present restrictive laws and the need of new
fact should not become an excuse for indifference. enactments to meet new conditions which have
Numbers of immigrants fluctuate and quality arisen in late years. It is clearly shown, as any-
changes, so that the old.problem is continually body may easily find out for himself by a little
developing new aspects, and the whole acquires investigation, that the laws which we now have
a cumulative character which gives it an ever are constantly being violated with impunity by
larger interest and practical significance for the interested parties in both Europe and America,
student and citizen. It is therefore encouraging and this through no fault of the officials who are
to note that never before has the subject received charged with the work of inspection at our ports,


1906.]
259
THE DIAL
but wholly because of the ingenious and semi “ to police the world for the
purpose
of putting
secret devices employed by transportation agents, a wholesome restraint upon emigration is within
controllers of labor, and local European authori- the power — even now within the line of duty
ties to bring undesirable aliens into the United of the greater nations." The author urges that
States by fraud and deception. Mr. Hall, while a binding international agreement should be
not an advocate of radical restrictive measures, entered into as the most certain means of encour-
believes firmly nevertheless that it is obligatory aging a high standard of admission for immi-
upon Congress to strengthen our exclusion laws grants, preventing the spread of disease from one
at an early date, at least by so much as will country to another, checking undue activity on
make it possible to keep out persons belonging to the part of transportation agents, compelling
the ten or more classes already legally debarred. each nation to assume responsibility for the care
In his “ Problem of the Immigrant” Mr. of its own defectives and delinquents, and in-
James Davenport Whelpley has given us a ducing the amelioration of political or economic
volume which is so obviously useful that the wrongs which operate in certain countries to stim-
wonder is we have been compelled to wait so ulate an undue amount of emigration. The idea
long for something of its kind. Realizing that is an attractive one, and as time goes on it bids
immigration has generally been contemplated fair to assume a more practical character than it
far too exclusively from its American side, Mr. may appear at present to possess. It is at least
Whelpley some time ago undertook the more dif- significant that, among other things in connection
ficult task of investigating the causes and nature with immigration reform, President Roosevelt in
of the phenomenon in the European countries his last annual message declared himself in favor
which are the chief origins of our alien influx. of an international conference to deal with the
During the course of the year spent at this task, immigration question, which he agrees “has now
in thirteen different countries, it became neces more than a national significance.”
sary to ascertain what are the precise laws of the Happily for the student of social problems we
various nations regulating the admission and set are at last beginning to have exhaustive first-
tlement of immigrants. We may well believe the hand treatises on specific immigration topics.
author when he tells us that it was found very The best of these which has yet appeared is “ The
difficult to get together the data required, partic- Russian Jew in the United States,” planned and
ularly as the statutes, decrees, and ordinances edited by Dr. Charles S. Bernheimer. The vol-
dealing with the subject are almost invariably ume opens with three illuminating essays,- one
scattered and fragmentary.
The task seems,
- Elements of the Jewish Population of the
however, to have been accomplished admirably, United States,” by Henrietta Szold, another on
and it is the results of this investigation, in the “ The Jew in Russia" by Peter Wiernik, and a
main, that Mr. Whelpley has given us in his third on “ The Russian Jew in the United States
book. Fourteen nations (including the United by Abraham Cahan. All are written out of a
States) are dealt with one by one, and the plan wealth of precise information and, though deeply
in each case is to give a brief sketch of the con- sympathetic, exhibit a perfectly sane and fair-
ditions prevailing respecting immigration and to minded spirit. By far the most valuable portion
follow this with a translation of the laws now in of Dr. Bernheimer's book, however, is a series of
force on the subject. The volume thus becomes studies on the condition of the Jewish immigrant
a most convenient handbook for reference, sup- population in the three great urban centres of
plying the student with a mass of materials not New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago. These
elsewhere available in one language or in any have been prepared by men and women whose
sort of connected form.
practical knowledge and experience give them a
Two of Mr. Whelpley's chapters are in the rare degree of authority. The topics treated in
nature of general discussion. One of these, re connection with the Jewish population of each
published from “ The North American Review," of the three cities are varied and comprehensive,
affords a very useful summary of the immigra- embracing economic and industrial conditions,
tion and emigration laws of Europe, with some religious activity, philanthropy, educational in-
exposition of the spirit in which they are adminis- fluences, amusements and social life, politics,
tered. The other, which originally appeared as an health and sanitation, law and litigation, and
article in “ The Fortnightly Review,” exploits the geographical distribution. There is likewise an
author's conception of immigration as an inter- interesting account of the rural settlements which
national affair calling for concerted international have been established by Jews in many parts of
action. The interesting thesis is laid down that the country; also a fairly full bibliography. Now
on


260
[April 16,
THE DIAL
that the United States has come to possess the ical students have their full share of human na-
third largest Jewish population among the na ture; they never have seen, and never will see,
tions of the world, the publication of such a body all alike. But both they and the less critical,
of investigations ought to be hailed as a real though not always less discerning, “general
service by everyone concerned with our country's reader” must be grateful for such a real addition
tasks and fortunes.
to the sum of human knowledge as a volume of
In his little volume entitled “ The Jews in
this kind represents.
America "Dr. Madison C. Peters has given us a
Dr. Baxter introduces his work with a schol-
readable but superficial sketch of the part which arly memoir, in which are gathered together the
the Jews have had in the development of the scanty details of Cartier's life. As with so many
United States from colonial times until the pres of the world's great explorers, very little is
ent. In war, politics, diplomacy, finance, let- known of Jacques Cartier beyond what may be
ters, art, and science the American Jew has gathered from the narratives of his several voy-
taken an indisputably high place, and it is much ages. Even the year of his birth has been in
to be regretted that the recent celebration of the dispute, though it is now generally accepted as
two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of Jewish 1491. About the only light that the records of
settlement on this side the Atlantic has not his native town throw upon his early life is that
called forth a book more worthy of the subject, afforded by the Registres de l'état civil, in
one in which we might indeed find sympa- which his name appears in connection with no
thetic appreciation but less of a disposition to less than fifty-three baptisms, in twenty-seven of
glorify indiscriminately. Aside from the very which he acted as godfather. This, as Dr. Baxter
brief chapters on the characteristics of the Jews says, affords striking evidence of the high esteem
as a people and the prevalence of anti-semitism in which Cartier was held by the people of his
in America, what we have in Dr. Peters's book native town. In the St. Malo of the sixteenth
is little more than an enumeration of two or century a baptism was an event of some impor-
three hundred men of Hebrew race who have tance, and the man who was twenty-seven times
contributed in some marked way to our national honored with the responsible position of godfather
life, together with paragraphs of a general must indeed have been a universal favorite.
nature emphasizing their services. The results At the age of twenty-eight Cartier married
are so interesting that one cannot but wish that Catherine, daughter of Jacques des Granches,
the work had been more thoroughly done. high constable of St. Malo. He was already a
FREDERIC AUSTIN OGG. man of mark in his town, having won the title of
master pilot. Dr. Baxter conjectures that he had
even now taken part in some of the fishing voyages
to the far-away shores of the New World, gaining
THE DISCOVERER OF THE ST. LAWRENCE.*
thereby that skill in navigation which he after-
Dr. James Phinney Baxter had already added ward so signally exhibited.
so materially, and effectively, to our knowledge Of the fifteen years of Cartier's life between
of the exploration and early history of the North his marriage and the voyage of 1534, even less
Atlantic coast of America, that one was predis- is known, if possible, than of the years of his
posed to welcome favorably his latest, and in youth and early manhood. From the frequent
some respects most ambitious, work, on the voy- mention of Brazil in his Voyages, it is believed
ages of Jacques Cartier to the St. Lawrence. A that he must have visited South America during
careful reading of the book serves to confirm the this period, probably with one or more of the
first impression. Dr. Baxter has given us what Portuguese expeditions ; a supposition which is
may almost be regarded as the last word on the supported by the fact that in 1528 his wife stood
great navigator of St. Malo. His work is author- sponsor for a “ Catherine de Brezil,” a young
itative. It shows on every page the results of native believed to have been brought by Cartier
close and scholarly study of the original docu- from that country on one of his voyages. It is
ments ; and it throws not a little new light on the also noted that Cartier frequently acted as Por-
moot points of the narratives of the several voy- tuguese interpreter at St. Malo.
ages. Inevitably, his conclusions will not be For many years the only known account of
acceptable to everyone. Historians and histor-
Historians and histor- Cartier's first voyage was that contained in Ra-
* A MEMOIR OF JACQUES CARTIER, Sieur de Limoilu; his Voy-
musio's great work of 1556, translated a few
ages to the St. Lawrence; a Bibliography and a facsimile of the
years later into English by Florio. It was not
manuscript of 1534, with annotations, etc. By James Phinney
until 1867 that the original relation turned up,
Baxter, A.M. Illustrated. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co.


1906.]
261
THE DIAL
in the Bibliothèque Impériale at Paris. This credit this fourth voyage, or perhaps rather to
was printed the same year under the title “ Re- regard the claim as “ not proven.” In this con-
lation Originale du Voyage de Jacques Cartier nection it may be mentioned that the Canadian
au Canada en 1534.” Of the “ Relation Origi- Archivist has lately unearthed at Paris a num-
nale” Dr. Baxter gives an excellent translation ; ber of hitherto unknown documents bearing on
and, not content with this, adds what to the stu- Cartier and his voyages. Copies have not yet
dent will be of still greater interest and service been received from Paris, and it is not possible
a photographic copy of the original manu to say what additional light they may throw
script. This manuscript bears convincing inter on the subject; but if they include anything
nal evidence of being a contemporary document. authentic with regard to the alleged fourth
It has even been thought to be the original nar voyage, or filling in the wide gaps in the third
rative, in Cartier's own handwriting. To this voyage, their publication will be eagerly awaited
view Dr. Baxter takes exception, though he does by everyone interested in historical research.
not say on what grounds.
In the French archives, and elsewhere, there
The first published account of the second voy exist a number of contemporary documents,
age was the “ Bref Récit ” of 1545, afterward bearing more or less directly upon the Cartier
included by Ramusio in his “ Navigationi et voyages. The most important of these Dr.
Viaggi.” Of this voyage there exist at least three
there exist at least three Baxter has translated and added to the nar-
contemporary manuscript accounts, all in the ratives.
ratives. The importance of preserving such
Bibliothèque Nationale at Paris. Upon a care documents is emphasized by the fact that many
ful comparison of the three manuscripts with the invaluable manuscripts, known at one time to
“ Bref Récit ” Dr. Baxter found that the three have been in the French archives, have disap-
manuscripts were substantially the same, but peared. It may seem unfair to single out the
they differed from the “ Bref Récit
in a num-
French archives in this
way ;
but unfortunately,
ber of important particulars. It seemed desir- although losses have occurred in the archives of
able therefore to put aside the printed narrative, every country, they are as nothing compared to
and translate what appeared to be the best of the those which the Archives of France have sus-
three manuscripts. This Dr. Baxter has done. tained. At the time of the Revolution, cart-
The only account of the third voyage (1540) loads of these precious records were literally
is that contained in Hakluyt — who also gives an
who also gives an dumped out on the street, to be used for lighting
account of each of the previous voyages. This fires. Even so recently as 1815 it is related that
fragment, for it is nothing more, Dr. Baxter has an official of the government, desiring room for
also printed. We find, therefore, in his book his secretary, sent a vast collection of ancient
a translation of the original manuscript of the manuscripts to “ Les épicières de Versailles,”
first voyage, a translation of the best of the three and another sold entire files by weight for his
relations of the second, and the only known private gain. It is probable that many vital doc-
account of the third. The text of these three uments eagerly sought by historians for years
narratives he has enriched with copious notes, may have been destroyed in this way.
the result of a close study of all the evidence To sum up the contents of Dr. Baxter's very
available.
interesting and important work, it includes a
As to Cartier’s alleged fourth voyage, Dr. scholarly memoir by the editor ; complete and
Baxter has this to say:
accurate translations of the Voyages of 1534,
“ That he made a fourth voyage to Canada to bring 1535–6, and 1540; a facsimile of the manu-
back Roberval, although no account of such a voyage has script narrative of the first voyage ; Cartier's
been preserved, has been thought probable by a report Vocabulary of the Language of the Natives of
of an Admiralty Commission appointed on the 3rd of Canada ; Roberval's Voyage of 1542; the
April, 1544, to audit his accounts. Roberval and
Cartier were summoned to appear before them, and their
course of Jean Alphonse, Roberval's pilot; a
decision in favour of Cartier was rendered on the 21st
collection of Collateral Documents, translated
of June following. The allowance had been asked by from the French and Spanish; and a Genealogy
him on account of ships employed in the third voyage, of Cartier's family. To these are added a
and an additional allowance on account of another
vessel employed in a subsequent voyage. A copy of the
Bibliography, an Itinerary of the Voyages, and
application made to the Commission has not been pre-
an analytical Index.
served, but the report makes it clear what this subse The work is elaborately illustrated by charts,
quent voyage was for," i. e., on account of a ship used facsimiles of manuscripts, and reproductions
“ for eight months to fetch the said Roberval.” of old plates, — all on Japan paper, splendidly
Dr. Baxter is inclined, on the whole, to dis executed. The doubtful portrait of Jacques


262
(April 16,
THE DIAL
Cartier, the original of which hangs in the order, and he utilizes his opportunities to the utmost.
Hôtel de Ville at St. Malo, is used as a frontis We doubt if much good is to be done by this sort of
piece.
ex parte treatment, however real some of the griev-
Of the make-up of the book it would be im ances may be, and assuredly no balanced and intel-
possible to speak too highly. It is one to de- ligent observer will agree in anything like its entirety
to this wholesale indictment of industrial and social
light the heart of the lover of good books and
conditions. It is too obviously colored for effect, too
good book-making. It gives an appropriate
wilfully blind to the many forces for good which are
setting to one of the really important historical
steadily at work counteracting the evils whose exist-
books of the
year. LAWRENCE J. BURPEE. ence we readily admit. Mr. Sinclair's horrors are
not typical, and his indecencies of speech are not
tolerable in any book that has claims to considera-
tion as literature. He has evidently “ got up” his
RECENT FICTION.*
case with much pains and ingenuity, but he spoils it
The capacity for indignation is a fine quality, in by his excess of bias and vehemence. Nor are we
literature no less than in life, but the subject upon
willing to admit that a work is a novel in any proper
which it is employed must be one that raises no doubt sense which does little more than exhibit a technical
concerning the moral issues involved. Mr. Upton familiarity.with certain trades, and is forever declaim-
Sinclair, in his war story of “Manassas,” found in ing against wrongs, real or imagined. In all the
the abolitionist movement one of the finest of possible essential qualities of good fiction this book is con-
themes, and gave us a singularly forceful embodi-
spicuously lacking. Its figures are puppets, its
ment of the passion for righteousness. When, how- construction is chaotic, its style is turgid, and its truth
ever, he takes for his theme the labor conditions of
is more than half falsehood. Now that the author
a great modern industry, and imports into his treat-
has relieved his mind, we trust that he will turn
ment the same heated methods that were so proper again to his war story, and complete the work that
in the treatment of the curse of slavery, we feel that
was so admirably begun a year or two ago.
the issue is clouded, and that to produce the impres-
“The Quickening," by Mr. Francis Lynde, offers
sion desired, he must resort to exaggeration and falsi once more the familiar story of the unregenerate
fication, appeal to narrow prejudice, and have recourse country boy and the dainty maiden who becomes for
to all manner of sensational expedients. This does
him the one woman in the world, and whom he mar-
not seem to us an unfair statement of what his method ries after the inevitable years of misunderstanding.
has been in “ The Jungle,” which deals with the
There is also, of course, the usual rival, the youth
packing industries of the Chicago stock yards, and bred in the refinements of civilization, polished with-
eventually turns out to be an undisguised contribu out and corrupt within. The scene is Tennessee, and
tion to the propaganda of socialism. In substance, the time our own, which is a departure from the
the book tells the story of a Lithuanian immigrant,
usual practice of setting the action far enough back
from the time of his arrival in America to that of to send the hero to the Civil War. It is in the mod-
his enrollment in the ranks of socialist agitators.
ern industrial war of promoters and capitalists that he
During this time he is employed in various capacities
wins his spurs instead, but the outcome is to the same
in Packingtown, suffers about every sort of misery general effect. The story is pleasant and genuine.
that a lively imagination could devise, is brought
“ The Sage Brush Parson,” by “ A. B. Ward,”
several times into the clutches of the law, becomes a is the story of an English dissenting preacher, who
hobo, a hold-up man, and a politician, after which
feels that he can best accomplish his mission for the
rake's progress he settles down as one of the avowed saving of souls by deserting his unsympathetic wife,
enemies of society as it now exists. This scheme
going to America, and establishing himself in a
permits the author to indulge in a frantic onslaught
Nevada frontier community. Here he finds material
upon pretty nearly every phase of the present social
a-plenty for his missionary efforts, and, being a good
deal of a man at bottom, he wins the respect of his
* THE JUNGLE. By Upton Sinclair. New York: Doubleday,
Page & Co.
rough neighbors, and comes to have a strong influ-
THE QUICKENING. By Francis Lynde. Indianapolis: The ence over their lives. They test him in various ways,
Bobbs-Merrill Co.
and he always proves game. The town includes in
THE SAGE BRUSH PARSON. By A. B. Ward. Boston: Little,
Brown, & Co.
its population a small group of people of wealth and
THE SEA MAID. By Ronald Macdonald. New York: Henry refinement, one of them being a woman, and her
friendship for the preacher becomes the oasis in the
DOUBLE TROUBLE. Or, Every Hero his Own Villain. By
Herbert Quick. Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Co.
desert of his emotional life. We think that she is a
THE PATRIOTS. The Story of Lee and the Last Hope. By widow, although we are never quite able to find out ;
Cyrus Townsend Brady. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co.
she thinks that he is unmarried, and discovers her
THE LAKE. By George Moore. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
THE HEALERS. By Maarten Maartens. New York: D. Apple-
mistake under very tragic circumstances near the
close of the book. For the deserted wife appears
THE ANGEL OF PAIN. By E. F. Benson. Philadelphia: The
upon the scene, nags her husband until he wishes
J. B. Lippincott Co.
FISHERS OF MEN. By S. R. Crockett. New York: D. Apple-
that she were dead, and then, in a quarrel, kills her-
self with their child out of pure spite, knowing that
Holt & Co.
ton & Co.
ton & Co.


1906.]
263
THE DIAL
once more.
his remorse will charge him with blood-guiltiness. It life and character, and impart the facts to him after
does indeed, for, when accused of murder, he pleads he is awakened. Armed with this material, he re-
guilty, to the amazement of his friends, and is about pairs to Bellevale, accompanied by his friends the
to be hanged when the truth is brought to view. hypnotists, and with the help of the notes supplied
There is much strength in this vivid narrative, com him, tries to fit himself into the existence concerning
bined with humor, realistic description, and incisive which his memory has nothing to tell him. The
characterization.
resulting complications are extremely amusing, and
The desert island story seems to be acquiring vogue keep the reader's interest alert to the end. The
Its latest variant is “ The Sea Maid,” story, moreover, has a crisp and animated style that
by Mr. Ronald Macdonald, which tells how the Dean adds greatly to the charm. As for the quotations
of Beckminster and his ailing wife sailed for the anti from imaginary poems that preface the chapters,
podes in 1883, and for nearly a quarter of a century they are, if anything, more diabolically ingenious
remained unheard from, and naturally mourned as than the prose narrative. We can assure the reader
dead. As a matter of fact, they had been ship- of this tale much satisfaction.
wrecked upon an uncharted island, and so contrived One does not like to say unkind things about Mr.
to adapt themselves to circumstances that when they Cyrus Townsend Brady's romantic fictions, even if
are discovered they are found to be leading a reason he does write far too many of them to write any
of
ably comfortable existence. We hasten to mention them carefully, and even if their appeal is quite
that there is a daughter, born upon the island, and obviously made to a rather low level of appreciation.
now grown to beautiful womanhood without ever They are nice stories, after all, not devoid of interest,
having seen other human beings than her parents. and fairly reeking with wholesome sentiment. The
This Miranda is the “sea maid ” of the title, and writer has, moreover, a pretty knack of working
when her Ferdinand turns up, the natural conse up his historical argument, and he has really read
quences follow. His appearance is contrived by a widely and wisely in American annals. “The Pa-
mutiny on board a steamer in the Australian trade, triots” is a story of the Civil War, having Lee for its
with the marooning of officers and passengers upon historical hero, and a young Confederate officer for
the same unknown island, which happens to be con its romantic hero. The scenes chiefly described are
veniently at hand. Here is a piquant situation, and Pickett's charge at Gettysburg, the struggle in the
it is developed with ingenious success, albeit with a Wilderness, and the final operations about Richmond.
certain extravagance of humor. For sheer enter There are two heroines, both charming, and the right
tainment this story is one of the best of the year, one wins the contested object of their common wor-
and it is by no means devoid of the qualities that ship. Dr. Brady thinks that a writer at this day
appeal to the literary sense.
need make no apology for extolling the character of
The troubles experienced by the hero of “ Double that great leader and true-hearted gentleman who so
Trouble," a story by Mr. Herbert Quick, are of the valiantly maintained the last hope of the Confederacy
sort known to the gentleman whose personality alter as long as any hope was possible, and we quite agree
nated between that of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. In with him. Barring the one fatal mistake of judg-
other words, the story is of a dual personality, told ment (or of sympathy) which aligned him with the
without anything of Stevenson's psychological in foes of the Union, the career of Lee earned for him
sight, but nevertheless with a very pretty gift of the respect, the admiration, and almost the love, of
invention. Florian Amidon, a banker of Hazelhurst, North no less than of South, and there is no one of
Wisconsin, starts on a journey. He has not got very us who may not be proud of claiming him as a
far when he suddenly and mysteriously becomes fellow-countryman.
somebody else. In his new character, it seems, he is The story of the priest, to whom the meaning of
Eugene Brassfield, and with that name he wanders life is revealed after his vows are taken, and who
to Bellevale, Pennsylvania, settles down, lives for deserts his calling in response to the imperative
several years, and becomes a leading citizen. One mandate of natural instinct, is the story of “The
night, while on his way to New York, he falls out of Lake,” Mr. George Moore's recently-published novel.
his berth in the sleeper, and the shock awakens him The story is anything but a new one, and readily
as Amidon, his existence as Brassfield becoming a lends itself to sensational and unwholesome treat-
complete blank. But his clothes, the papers
found ment. In the present case, the handling is not sen-
in his pockets, and the reception he meets when he sational, but is not altogether free from the charge
reaches New York, all afford convincing evidence of unwholesomeness. Father Gogarty is in charge of
that he is Brassfield. One letter, in particular, shows a poor parish in Connaught, and among his parish-
him that he is engaged to marry a girl of Bellevale, ioners is a young woman who sins, and is in conse-
who has the most unbounded affection for him. In quence driven from her home, largely by the sternness
his perplexity, he consults a pair of hypnotists — a of the priest's denunciation of her conduct. Repent-
German professor with a lovely daughter — who find ing him of his severity upon reflection, he enters
that the Brassfield personality emerges when he is into correspondence with the girl, and during the
put to sleep under their influence. By taking notes course of this correspondence, he comes to realize
of what he says during a succession of these trances, that the very vehemence of his accusation had been
they construct for him an outline of his Brassfield the outcome of unconscious jealousy, that he had


264
[April 16,
THE DIAL
We
denounced her more because of the stirrings of love with strength and insight toward a striking consum-
in his own breast than because of horror at what she mation, having for its motive the development of the
had done. The greater part of the story is told in finer qualities of manhood through the ministry of
the letters which these two exchange, letters which suffering, and keeping, for the most part, a firm
permit the author to discuss not only matters of grasp upon the realities of life. But into this other-
religion and ethics, but also of art and music. The wise sane, although possibly overwrought, narrative
two never meet again, but the self-searchings evoked there is injected an element of the most fantastic
by their correspondence determine the priest to superstition. One of the characters, who has deserted
abandon his profession and go forth into the world, society for the contemplative life, enters into so close
a man among men. He makes his escape by swim a communion with nature that he comes to hear in
ming across the lake one summer night, leaving it very truth the shrill notes of Pan’s flute, and at last
to be supposed that he has been drowned, but in sees the god face to face, only to be crushed to death
reality making his way to a seaport, and embarking in his shaggy embrace. This incident is not repre-
for America. Here the story ends. It will be seen sented as resulting from a crazed fancy; it is given
that its interest is almost purely psychological, and us as equally credible with incidents of the ordinary
that the theatre of its action is Father Gogarty's sort, and is supported by the evidence of eye-
mind rather than the community in which his lot is witnesses. Now Mr. Benson does not believe this,
cast. And although the language is at times appall or anything like this, to be possible; he has simply
ingly frank, it must be admitted that the spirit of spoiled a story of genuine human interest by a reck-
the treatment is in general one of artistic restraint. less indulgence in sensational imaginings. He has
The style has the simplicity and transparency that done the same sort of thing once before, and if he
betoken the accomplished craftsman in words, and do not pull himself together in time, he will come
the author's feeling for nature is expressed as near to ruining his hitherto creditable reputation as
admirably as his feeling for art and life. a minor novelist.
doubt if Mr. Moore has ever done a better piece of Mr. Crockett's latest invention is something of a
writing
novelty. Instead of finding its theme in Scotch
We have read “ The Healers” with mingled de Covenanters or Spanish Carlists, it plunges us into
light and exasperation. The Dutchman who writes the slums of modern Edinburgh, and makes us ac-
in English under the style of “Maarten Maartens” quainted with the gentry whose profession is crime,
has a wealth of wholesome and tender sentiment, a and whose chief object in life is to escape the gal-
fund of genial observation, and a flow of unfailing lows. We have described a school for the training
humor. These qualities make every one of his books of thieves that makes the establishment of the late
noteworthy, and the latest is no exception to the rule. Mr. Fagin seem primitive indeed. We have also a
With all these gifts to lavish upon a novel it seems modern Oliver Twist - one “ Kid McGhie" — who
to us sheer wantonness that he should also make use
is an interesting little chap, and who insinuates him-
of the sensational devices connoted by such terms as self quite closely into our affections. Side by side
telepathy and clairvoyance, and should even resort to with this study of the criminal environment, we have
such cheap wonders as planchette-writing and table- depicted the correctives of settlement and reforma-
tipping. These things are wrought into the very tory, whereby the story becomes justified in its title,
fabric of his new novel and weaken its logical foun “ Fishers of Men.” But all these matters do not
dations. For a serious purpose underlies the play- account for more than half of the varied interests
fulness of this book, a purpose which finds expression of the story, which also provides us with types and
in the following proposition: “As a rule, the medical situations belonging to a very different social sphere.
is the least conservative of the professions, for in their Abundance of exciting incident (sometimes close to
utter incertitude and tomfoolery of ineffective nos melodrama), a well-sustained plot, shrewd charac-
trums the doctors naturally snatch at any new chance terization, and genial humor all combine to make
of an accidental success. But the tomfooleries of this book one of the most entertaining that Mr.
medicine are highly respectable in comparison with Crockett has ever written.
those of popular superstition, which are here put for-
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
ward as a substitute. We are thus bound to repu-
diate the book in its would-be serious aspect, and
fall back upon the entertaining invention, the acute
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
characterization, and the combined humor and pathos
that it offers. The characters are Dutch and En An Engtish A new “History of the Civil War in
history of the
glish, the scenes Leyden and Paris; there is a curious
the United States, 1861–1865," by
resemblance to “God's Fool” in the study of the Civil War. W. Birkbeck Wood and Major J. E.
defective child, gradually awakened to a kind of life, Edmonds, two English army officers, is published in
as a moral, if not as a thinking, creature.
America by the Messrs. Putnam. The problems of
We must condemn Mr. Benson's “The Angel of the American Civil War have had, during recent
Pain” on grounds similar to those that make - The years, special interest for British soldiers ; and this
Healers ” so ineffective. Here is a story of English volume is, like Colonel Henderson's work on Stone-
life well-proportioned and skilfully told, working wall Jackson, a result of the scientific study of the
American


1906.]
265
THE DIAL
66
was some-
battles and campaigns of that conflict. The Intro-
Lockhart, never prodigal of praise,
duction, by Mr. Spencer Wilkinson, makes some state-
Letters chiefly once characterized Richard Ford's
from Spain.
ments that lead one to expect more than the authors
guidebook to Spain (in its original
perhaps intended. They take little notice of politics voluminous form) as “the work of a most superior
and diplomacy, of social and economic conditions, workman, master of more tools than almost any
but confine their attention strictly to military history. one in these days pretends to handle”; and in its
A separate chapter deals with the naval operations pages he found" keen observation and sterling sense
of the war.
The numerous maps and battle-plans with learning à la Burton and pleasantry à la Mon-
are instructive, but not always accurate. To Amer taigne.” Thus one would expect “The Letters of
icans, the value of the book is to be found mainly in Richard Ford” (Dutton), as edited and annotated
the judgments arrived at by competent critics who by Mr. Rowland E. Prothero, to furnish some good
are thoroughly impartial on all questions. Their reading; and the expectation is not disappointed.
disinterested views on matters of controversy are Living and travelling in Spain from 1830 to 1833,
worthy of the most serious consideration. The deep Ford wrote frequent letters to his friend, Henry Un-
lying causes of the war are more clearly seen by win Addington, then British Minister at the Court of
them than by those nearer the scene of trouble. Madrid, and he continued the correspondence after
“ Mason's and Dixon's line,” they say,
his return to England. These letters, carefully treas-
thing more than an artificial boundary between ured by Addington, have recently come into the pos-
slavery and emancipation. It had come to be a session of the writer's widow, and are now published
geographical boundary-line between two separate at her desire. The Torrijos insurrection and other
peoples. The character, institutions, and interests political and military disquietudes helped to make
of the North and South were as different as those of Ford's stay in Spain an eventful one. A summer and
any two neighboring nations.” Leaders and policies autumn were spent by him and his family as tenants
of each side come in for moderate criticism. Lincoln of a small part of the Alhambra, whence letters of a
is criticised for interfering with his generals for polit-picturesque quality were despatched to his friend in
ical purposes ; Davis, for allowing his own views on Madrid. Returning to his more permanent quarters
military matters to embarrass the operations of his at Seville, Ford thus describes the difficulties and
generals. Throughout the book, emphasis is laid dangers of the journey: “We have at length arrived
upon the mistake of Davis in insisting on a strictly here safely, God be praised ! through the deepest
defensive fight while waiting for foreign recognition. ploughed fields, worst Ventas, and stoutest gangs of
A defensive policy prolonged the agony; it could not robbers in all Spain. We have been six mortal days
win the war. On the other hand, the Washington on the journey, doing some 36 leagues at an expense
government feared too much for the safety of the of