517 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARY THE DIAL A Semi-Montbly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information VOLUME XXXIII. JULY 1 TO DECEMBER 16, 1902 CHICAGO THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 1902 ai ما با 7.3 "V . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIII. PAGE ACTOR AND THE MAN Edith Baker Brown 153 AFTERMATH, A NOTEWORTHY Percy F. Bicknell 387 ALEXANDER THE GREAT 27 AMERICAN EXPLORATION, AN EPIC OF James Oscar Pierce. 461 AMERICAN HISTORY, A BIBLIOGRAPH OF F. H. Hodder . 212 AMERICAN LETTERS, THE DEAN OF Edward E. Hale, Jr. 323 AMERICAN PEOPLE, A NEW HISTORY OF THE Francis Wayland Shepardson. 393 AMERICAN STAGE, RECOLLECTIONS OF THE Ingram A. Pyle . 58 AMERICAN THEMES, ESSAYS ON Franklin H. Head 37 BEASTS, BIRDS. AND FISHES Charles Atwood Kofoid 240 BESANT, SIR WALTER, AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF William Morton Payne 6 BLANK VERSE, THE LOST ART OF Charles Leonard Moore 317 BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG, 1902 403, 477 BOOKS OF THE FALL SEASON OF 1902 . 151 BROWNING's POETRY, THE LATEST CRITIC OF Annie Russell Marble 395 City GOVERNMENT, THE BUSINESS OF . Max West. 162 CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION, CONSTITUTIONAL PHASES OF James Oscar Pierce . 157 CIVIL WAR, LIGHTS AND SHADOWS OF THE James Oscar Pierce . 239 CONTEMPORARY, COMMENTS OF A Percy F. Bicknell 30 CONTESTANTS FOR A CONTINENT. Two RIVAL Francis Wayland Shepardson . 206 CONTINENTAL LITERATURE, A YEAR OF 49, 109 COURTIER, THE BOOK OF THE Mary Augusta Scott 389 CUSHING AND HIS WORK AMONG THE ZUNI INDIANS Frederick Starr 118 DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION T. D. A. Cockerell . 278 DRAMATIZATIONS, AS TO Paul Wilstach 5 DUMAS, A BOSWELL FOR Ingram A. Pyle. 274 EDUCATION, SOME RECENT BOOKS ON Henry Davidson Sheldon 94 EDUCATION, THE ELECTIVE BOARD OF. Duane Mowry 82 EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS, A YEAR OF 79 ENGLISH AUTHORS, THREE William Morton Payne 156 ENTERPRISE, A NOBLE 315 FICTION, RECENT William Morton Payne 60,242, 326 FRANCE, SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY, A VIEW OF Percy F. Bicknell 458 GARDEN Books, Two GOOD Alice Morse Earle 32 GERMANY, A SHORT HISTORY OF Lewis A. Rhoades 11 HISTORY AND JURISPRUDENCE, BRYCE'S ESSAYS ON A. M. Wergeland 33 HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS, 1902 397, 470 LACE, THE HISTORY AND MYSTERY OF May Estelle Cook 13 LANDS NEW AND OLD . Charles Atwood Kofoid 467 LITERARY COSMOPOLITANISM 201 LOUISIANA PURCHASE, BOOKS ON THE F. H. Hodder. 35 LOYALIST FAMILY, CORRESPONDENCE OF A Edith Granger 160 MORALITY AND THE RELIGIOUS LIFE Frank Chapman Sharp 282 MUSIC AND CULTURE 455 MUSICAL INTIMACIES, SOME Wallace Rice 210 NAPOLEON AND THE PEACE OF AMIENS E. D. Adams 238 NATURE-POETRY, THE GROWTH AND MISSION OF Annie Russell Marble 271 NINETEENTH CENTURY IN REVIEW, THE . Wallace Rice 113 VNovels. NOTES ON 64, 329 OCTOGENARIAN, REMINISCENCES OF AN. Percy F. Bicknell 205 PERSIA, LIFE AND I'RAVEL IN Ira M. Price : 163 PoE, THE · VIRGINIA” William Morton Payne 277 . • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218205 INDEX. iii. PAGB . . . . . . . . . . H. W. Boynton Kelly Miller T. D. A. Cockerell Percy F. Bicknell Percy F. Bicknell Clark S. Northup Sara A. Hubbard W. H. Johnson C. H. Cooper John J. Culver Francis Wayland Shepardson . Frank W. Blackmar T. D. A. Cockerell Wallace Rice Alice Morse Earle Edith Kellogg Dunton . . . . . POETRY, THE CURRENT NEGLECT OF RACE, MR. BRYCE ON THE PROBLEMS OF RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCES, VARIETIES OF REMINISCENCES OF TWENTY YEARS. RETROSPECT, A CENTURY'S REVOLUTION, THE LAUREATE OF THE Rocky MOUNTAIN BIRDS, A BOOK OF “ ROMAN SENATOR, THE IDEAL" RUSSIAN PRISONS, AN AMERICAN PHYSICIAN IN RUSSIAS, A VIEW OF ALL THE SCOTCH AND IRISH IN AMERICA SOCIAL RELATIONS, THE BASIS OF SOCIAL SALVATION, THE WAY TO SPENCER'S WRITINGS, THE LATEST AND LAST OF TABLE, PLEASURES OF THE THOREAU, AN OLD AND A NEW ESTIMATE OF THREE SCORE AND TEN TRAVELLER, CHRONICLES OF A FAMOUS “ VIRGINIA, THE RENDING OF" WEBSTER IN HIS PUBLIC LIFE WOODBRIDGE PHILOSOPHER, THE Wood ENGRAVERS, THE GREATEST OF . YALE BI-CENTENNIAL, THE, AND COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY ZOLA, EMILE . 385 208 322 54 319 55 236 90 116 234 325 12 119 9 460 464 383 87 91 466 280 392 92 231 . . . . . Wallace Rice James M. Garnett Charles H. Cooper Percy F. Bicknell Frederick W. Gookin Guido H. Stempel 1 . . . . . ANNOUNCEMENTS OF Fall Books, 1902 BRIEFS ON New Books BRIEFER MENTION NOTES TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS Lists OF New Books 170, 217 14, 38, 95, 121, 164, 213, 245, 284, 334 18, 40, 99, 124, 168, 216, 248, 288, 337 19, 41, 68, 99, 125, 168, 216, 248, 288, 338, 409, 479 19, 69, 126, 217, 290, 410 20, 42, 69, 100, 126, 218, 249, 290, 339, 410, 480 . . . . 1 AUTHORS AND TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED. PAGE PAGB Abernethy, Julian W. American Literature...... 123 Bangs, John Kendrick. Uncle Sam, Trustee. 246 Adams, C. C. Elementary Commercial Geography. 479 Banks, Nancy Huston. Oldfield.. 64 Adams, Charles Francis. Lee at Appomattox... 37 Banks, Nancy Huston. Oldfield, Illustrated edition. 476 Addams, Jane. Democracy and Social Ethics. 120 Barbour, Ralph Henry. Behind the Line.. 406 Adler, Cyrus. American Jewish Year-Book, 5663. 480 Bardsley, C. W. English and Welsh Surnames. 165 Aikins, Herbert A. Principles of Logic.. 41 Barham, R. H. Ingoldsby Legends, illus. by Cole.. 476 Ainsworth's Novels, “Windsor" edition. . 125, 289 Barham, R. H. Jackdaw of Rheims, illus, by E. M. Alcott, Louisa M. An Old-Fashioned Girl, Illus. by Jessop 474 Jessie Willcox Smith.. 404 Barine, Arvède. La Grande Mademoiselle... 458 Alcott, Louisa M. Little Women, illus. by Alice Baring-Gould, S. Vicar of Morwenstow, eighth edi- Barber Stephens 404 tion 125 Altsheler, J. A. My Captive. 66 Barnard, Francis P. Companion to English History 124 American Diary of a Japanese Girl.. 400 Barnes, James. With the Flag in the Channel. 405 Andrews, Jane. Seven Little Sisters, illustrated edi- Barnett, J. M. Mother Goose Paint Book.. 409 tion 289 Barry, Etheldred B. Miss De Peyster's Boy. 478 Arnold-Foster, E. P. Poems of Schiller. 68 Bassett, M. E. S. Judith's Garden. 18 Atherton, Gertrude. Splendid Idle Forties. 479 Bates, Arlo. Diary of a Saint. 329 Austin, Mary S. Philip Freneau.. 55 Bates, Katharine L., and Coman, Katharine. Eng- Bacon, Alice M. Japanese Girls and Women, holiday lish History Told by English Poets.... 289 edition 400 Beard, Lina and Adelia B. What a Girl Can Make Bacon, Edgar M. Hudson from Ocean to Source.. 475 and Do 406 Bacon's Works, Newnes's thin-paper edition. 288 Bémont, Charles. Mediæval Europe.. 338 Baedeker, K. Southern France, fourth edition, 289 Bennett, John. Barnaby Lee. 404 Bagot, Richard. The Just and the Unjust... 243 Benson, B. K. Bayard's Courier.... 332 Bailey, L. H. Nature Portraits.. 242 Bentham, George. Works of FitzGerald... 280 Baker, Mrs. Cornelia. Coquo and the King's Chil- Benton, Charles E. As Seen from the Ranks. 239 dren 408 Bernstein, Herman. In the Gates of Israel. 331 Balch, F. H. Bridge of the Gods, illustrated edition 68 Besant, Sir Walter, Autobiography of.... 6 Baldwin, James M. Development and Evolution... 278 Besant, Sir Walter. Fascination of London. 249 Baldwin, James M. Dictionary of Philosophy and Bevar, Edwyn. Æschylus' Prometheus Bound. 124 Psychology 335 Billings, Edward E. A Red Man of Quality. 406 Baldwin, J. S. College Manual of Rhetoric.. 216 Bingham, Clifton, The Animals' Rebellion.. 479 Ball, Sir Robert. The Earth's Beginning.. 39 Bingham, Clifton, and Hassall, John. Six and Twen. Bangs, John Kendrick. Bikey the Skicycle. 478 ty Boys and Girls... 409 296726-8 iv. INDEX. 392 .. 405 405 PAGE Birdsall, Katharine N. Jacks of All Trades. 407 Birrell, Augustine. William Hazlitt.... 156 Black, Alexander. Richard Gordon. 31 Blake, William. Illustrations for the Book of Job, facsimile reproductions 473 Blashfield, Mr. and Mrs. E. H. Italian Cities, holi- day edition 472 Blundell, Mrs. Francis. The Manor Farm... 333 Bogey Book, The.. 409 Bolton, C. K. Letters of Hugh Earl Percy. 287 Bolton, Sarah K. Famous Artists, holiday edition.. 401 Bonney, J. T. The Mediterranean. 472 Bonser, F. G. Illinois High Schools. 337 Botsford, G. W. Ancient History for Beginners.... 410 Bourne, Henry E. Teaching of History and Civics. 124 Braden, James A. Far Past the Frontier.. 404 Bradford, Amory H. Messages of the Masters. 473 Brady, Cyrus Townsend. In the Wasp's Nest. 405 Brady, Cyrus Townsend. Woven with the Ship... 330 Brækstad, H. L. Fairy Tales from the Swedish... 408 Bréal, Auguste. Rembrandt... 124 Brereton, F. S. Under the Spangled Banner. Brewer, David J. American Citizenship. 18 Bridgman, L. J. Guess Again.... 479 Bridgman, L. J. Kewts.... 479 Brine, Mary D. Lassie and Laddie. 478 Brinton, Daniel G. Basis of Social Relations, 12 Briscoe, J. Potter. Tudor and Stuart Love Songs.. 288 Brooke, 'Stopford A. Poetry of Browning. 395 Brooks, Amy. Dorothy Dainty. 407 Brooks, Amy. Randy and Her Friends. 407 Brooks, H. Jamyn. Elements of Mind. 285 Browder, J. B. Time Elements of Orestean Trilogy 125 Brown, Abbie Farwell. A Pocket-full of Posies.... 409 Brown, William G. Golf... 41 Brown, William P. Ralph Granger's Fortune. Browning, E. B. Sonnets from the Portuguese, illus. by Margaret Armstrong 403 Bryce, James. Relations of Advanced and Backward Races of Mankind ..68, 208 Bryce, James. Studies in History and Jurisprudence 33 Brymer, John, and Neilson, Harry B. Games and Gambols 409 Burgess, John W. Civil War and the Constitution. 157 Burgess, John W. Reconstruction and the Consti. tution 159 Burt, Mary E., and Cable, Lucy. Don Quixote... 41 Byrne, Mary Agnes. Little Woman in the Spout.. 408 Byrne, Mary Agnes. Roy and Rosyrocks.. 408 Cable, George W. Bylow Hill. 63 Caffin, C. H. American Masters of Painting, illus- trated edition 399 Canton, William, and Robinson, H. B. Songs of England's Glory 216 Carleton, Will. Songs of Two Centuries. 475 Carlyle's Works,"Edinburgh" edition.. 288 Carmichael, Montgomery. Life of John William Walshe, F. S. A. 60 Carmichael, Montgomery. The Lady Poverty, fourth edition 476 Carpenter, Kate E. Story of Joan of Arc. 404 "Carroll, Lewis." Through the Looking Glass, Mus. by Peter Newell. 404 Carruth, Frances W. Fictional Rambles in and about Boston 472 Carryl, Guy Wetmore. Grimm Tales Made Gay... 474 Carson, William Henry. The Fool... 68 Cartwright, Julia. Life and Letters of Millet, sec- ond edition 399 Cary, Elisabeth L. William Morris. 399 "Castlemon, Harry." A Struggle for a Fortune. 407 Century Classics 409 Cervantes' Don Quixote, Illus. by W. Heath Robin- son 477 Chambers, R. W. Outdoorland 408 Chambers, R. W. The King in Yellow. 41 Chambers, R. W. The Mald-at-Arms. 243 Chambers's Cyclopædia of English Literature, re- vised edition, Vol. II. 396 Champney, Elizabeth W. Margarita.. 405 Chapman, Frederic. Love Poems of Herrick. 476 Chase, Jessie Anderson. Mayken. 404 Chatterbox for 1902. 408 Chesterton, G. K. The Defendant. 245 Child Calendar for 1903. 476 PAGE Children's Favorite Classics.... .410, 477 Chipman, Charles P. Last Cruise of the Electra.. 405 Church, A. J. Stories of Charlemagne..... 404 Clapp, Henry A. Reminiscences of a Dramatic Critic 58 Clark, H. H. The Admiral's Aid.... 405 Clark, Kate Upson. Up the Witch Brook Road.... 333 Clark, S. H. Handbook of Best Readings.. 248 Clarke, Mary Cowden. Letters to an Enthusiast... 16 Clerke, Agnes M. Popular History of Astronomy, fourth edition 338 Clifford, Mrs. W. K. The Long Duel. 168 Cody, Sherwin. World's Greatest Short Stories. 97 Cole, Timothy. Old English Masters. Comedy, The Social 475 Commonwealth Library .68, 288, 289 Comstock, Harriet T. A Boy of a Thousand Years Ago 404 Comstock, Harriet T. A Little Dusky Hero..... 477 Comstock Harriet T. Tower or Throne.. 404 Cook, A. S., and Tinker, C. B. Old English Poetry 480 Connolly, James B. Jeb Hutton... 406 Corbin, John. An American at Oxford. 97 Corelli, Marie. A Christmas Greeting. 403 Corelli, Marie. Thelma, illus. by W. E. B. Stark- weather 477 Cotes, Mrs. Everard. Those Delightful Americans. 66 Coyne, W. P. Ireland, Industrial and Agricultural. 470 "Craddock, Charles Egbert." The Champion..... 407 Crane, Walter. Bases of Design, new edition...... 17 Crane, Walter. Line and Form, new edition.... 17 Creswick, Paul. Robin Hood and His Adventures.. 477 Crockett, W. S. The Scott Country.. 397 Crosland, T. W. H. The Unspeakable Scot... 215 Crothers, Samuel M. Miss Muffet's Christmas Party 479 Crowest, F. J. Story of the Art of Music. 41 Cruttwell, Maud. Luca and Andrea Della Robbla.. 471 Cubberley, E. P. Syllabus of Lectures on History of Education 289 Cummings, Maria S. The Lamplighter, new edition 479 Cushing, Frank H. Zuñi Folk-Tales 118 Cuyler, Theodore L. Recollections of a Long Life.. 205 Cynic's Calendar of Revised Wisdom for 1903. 476 D'Annunzio, G. The Dead City, trans. by G. Man- tellini 338 Dallin, Colonna M. Sketches of Great Painters. 41 Dalziel, The Brothers 97 Daring, Hope. Agnes Grant's Education.. 406 Darling, Mary G. A Girl of this Century. 406 Daskam, Josephine Dodge. Whom the Gods De- stroyed 332 Davidson, Arthur F. Alexandre Dumas (père). 274 Davidson, Augusta N. C. Translations from Lu- cian 41 Davis, Richard Harding. Captain Macklin. 326 Davis, Richard Harding. Ranson's Folly. 64 Davis, William S. Belshazzar. 67 Davitt, Michael. Boer Fight for Freedom. 167 Decennial Publications of University of Chicago.. 19, 99, 125, 169, 216, 288, 289, 479 Deming, Therese O. and Edwin W. Red Folk and Wild Folk 408 Denham & Co., Alexander, Catalogue of. 68 Denison, Mary A. The Yellow Violin. 407 Denslow, W. W. Night before Christmas. 404 Devereux, Mary. Lafitte of Louisiana. 67 Dickens's Child's History of England, illus. by Pat- ten Wilson 477 Dickens's Christmas Carol, in the "Ariel Booklets" 403 Dickerson, Fanny M. Mary Had a Little Lamb.... 477 Dickson, Marguerite S. From the Old World to the New 480 Ditchfield, P. H. Cathedrals of Great Britain..... 409 Dix, Beulah Marie. A Little Captive Lad. 404 Dole, Nathan H. Famous Composers, holiday edi- tion 401 Douglas, Langton. Fra Angelico, second edition... 398 Drude, Paul. Theory of Optics.. 122 Du Chaillu, Paul. King Mombo.. 405 Dudeney, Mrs. Henry. Spindle and Plough. 61 Duff, Sir Mountstuart E. Grant. Anthology of Vic- torian Poetry 248 Dumas, Alexandre. The Speronara. 480 Dunning, W. A. Political Theories. 334 Dyce, Alexander. Shakespeare Glossary, new edi- tion 168 INDEX. v. PAGE Dye, Eva Emery. The Conquest... ..249, 464 Earle, Alice Morse. Sun-dials and Roses of Yester- day 473 Earle, Mary T. Flag on the Hill-Top. 405 Edgar, Pelham. Struggle for a Continent. 287 Edgren, Hjalmar. Italian and English Dictionary.. 480 Eggleston, George C. Bale Marked "Circle X". 405 Eliot, Charles, Landscape Architect. 284 Ellacombe, H. N. In My Vicarage Garden.. 32 Ellis, J. Breckinridge. The Holland Wolves. 327 Ellwanger, George H. Pleasures of the Table. 460 Ellwanger, W. D. A Summer Snowflake.. 476 Elrington, H. Ralph Wynward.. 477 Emerson, Edwin, Jr. History of the Nineteenth Century 113 Emerton, J. H. Common Spiders of the U. S. 99 Everett-Green, Evelyn. Short Tales from Fairy- land 479 Fairlie, John A. Municipal Administration.. 162 Falls, De Witt Clinton. Mishaps of an Automobilist 403 Farmer, James Eugene. Brinton Eliot.. 65 Farmiloe, Edith. Young George: His Life. 478 Field, Roswell. Romance of an oid Fool. 331 Finley, Martha. Elsie's Winter Trip.. 408 Finnemore, John. Story of a Scout...... 405 Firth, C. H. Cromwell's Army. 123 Fisher, G. P. Grounds of Theistic and Christian Belief, new edition 338 Fiske, John. Essays, Historical and Literary. 387 Fiske, John. New France and New England. 206 Fletcher, C. R. L. Carlyle's French Revolution. 479 Flowers of Parnassus series... .19, 248 Foote, Mary Hallock. The Desert and the Sown.... 327 Ford, Paul Leicester. Wanted-A Chaperon. 403 Forsslund, Louise. The Ship of Dreams. 330 Foster, Edna A. Hortense, a Difficult Child. 408 Fowler, Ellen Thorneycroft. Fuel of Fire. 330 Frothingham, Jessie P. Sea Fights and Fighters... 405 Fuller, Alfred J. Wee Folks' Annual.. 479 Furness, William Henry, 3rd. Home-Life of Borneo Head-Hunters 468 Gardner, Ruth K. In Happy Far-Away Land. 408 Garnett, Edward. Popular Library of Art.. 124 Gates, Eleanor. Biography of a Prairie Girl. 331 Gerard, Dorothea. The Blood Tax.. 328 Gerard, F. A Grand Duchess and Her Court. 123 Gifford, John. Practical Forestry. 98 Gilbert, G. K., and Brigham, A. P. Introduction to Physical Geography, 99 Gilbert, W. S. Patience 338 Gilder, Mrs. J. B. Bible for Children. 404 Gilson, Roy Rolfe. In the Morning Glow 332 Gladden, Washington. Social Salvation... 120 Glasgow, Ellen. Voice of the People, illustrated edition 402 Glovatski, Alexander. The Pharaoh and the Priest 244 Godfrey, Elizabeth. The Winding Road.. 215 Goldsmith's Deserted Village, illus. by E. A. Abbey 400 Goodell, Thomas D. Chapters on Greek Metric.... 337 Gordon, H. R. Logan the Mingo... 477 Gordon, Samuel. Strangers at the Gate. 67 Gore, Willard C. Imagination in Spinoza and Hume 124 Gower, Lord Ronald Sutherland. old Diaries..... 54 Gower, Lord Ronald Sutherland. Sir Joshua Reyn- olds 398 Graham, Henry G. Scottish Men of Letters in the Eighteenth Century 213 Grahame, Kenneth. Dream Days, Illus. by Maxfield Parrish 400 Gray, P. L. In a Car of Gold.... 408 Greene, Homer. Pickett's Gap... 406 Greene, Homer. Whispering Tongues.. 477 Griffin, A. P. C. References on Reciprocity 125 Grimm Library 124 Gunby, A. A. Colonel John Gunby. 285 Hale, Edward E. How to Live, new edition. 480 Hale, Edward E. Memories of a Hundred Years.. 319 Haley, Mary M. A Dornfield Summer... 406 Hall, A. C. Crime in Relation to Social Progress... 121 Hall, George Eli. A Balloon Ascension at Midnight 476 Hall, Granville D. Rending of Virginia.... 91 Hall, J. Lesslie. Judith, Phænix, and Other Anglo- Saxon Poems 249 Hamlin, Myra S. Catharine's Proxy. 406 Hancock, H. Irving Life at West Point. 214 PAGE Hanna, Charles A. The Scotch-Irish. 325 Harben, Will N. Abner Daniel.. 65 Harker, L. Allen. A Romance of the Nursery 478 Harland, Henry. The Lady Paramount.... 62 Harper's Cook Book Encyclopædia.. 409 Harrison, Edith Ogden. Prince Silverwings. 408 Harrison, James A. Complete Works of Poe. 277 Hart, A. B., and Hill, Mabel. Source-Readers in American History 289 Hart, J. M. Essentials of Prose Composition. 168 Harte, Bret. Condensed Novels, second series. 284 Hartshorne, Anna C. Japan and Her People. 472 Harvey, L. D. Books for Wisconsin High School Libraries 479 Hastings, Gilbert. Siena 40 Hastings, Henry. Mistress Dorothy of Haddon Hall 67 Hawkes, Clarence W. Master Frisky.. 478 Hawthorne's Marble Faun, "Luxembourg" edition. 475 Hawthorne's Works, "New Wayside" edition.. 838 Headlam, Cecil. Chartres 167 Headlam, Cecil. Peter Vischer., 246 Henderson, Ernest F. Short History of Germany.. 11 denty, G. A. Treasure of the Incas..... 405 Henty, G. A. With Kitchener in the Soudan. 405 Henty, G. A. With the British Legion...... 405 Herrick, Robert, and Damon, L. T. Composition and Rhetoric, revised edition. 125 Heydrick, B. A. How to Study Literature. 338 Higgin, Louis. Spanish Life. 247 Higgins, Elizabeth. Out of the West. 328 Higginson, Henry Lee. Four Addresses. 409 Hill, Frederick Trevor. The Minority. 65 Hillis, Newell Dwight. Quest of Happiness. 472 Historical Sources in Schools. 95 “Hobbes, John Oliver." Love and the Soul Hunters 328 Holbrook, Florence. Book of Nature Myths.... 478 Holbrook, Florence. Dramatization of Hiawatha... 216 Holder, Charles F. Adventures of Torqua... 405 Holland, Clive. My Japanese Wife, new edition.... 66 Holmes, E. Burton, Burton Holmes Lectures...... 87 Holmes's Breakfast-Table Series, "Handy Volume" edition 248 Home, Andrew. Jack and Black.. 477 Hooker, Katharine. Wayfarers in Italy. 469 Hooper, W. W. That Minister's Boy.. 407 Hopkins, E. Washburn. Great Epic of India. 93 Hopkins, E. Washburn. India, Old and New 93 Hopkins, Samuel A. Care of the Teeth. 68 Hornung, E. W. Shadow of the Rope. 333 Horton, George. In Argolis... 469 Hosmer, J. K. Expedition of Lewis and Clark..., 461 Hosmer, J. K. History of the Louisiana Purchase.. 35 Houck, Louis. Boundaries of the Louisiana Pur- chase 86 Howard, Benjamin. Prisoners of Russia. 116 Howells, W. D. Flight of Pony Baker. 407 Howells, W. D. - Literature and Life. 323 Hubbard, Sara A. Catch Words of Cheer. 249 Hueffer, Ford M. Rossetti. 124 Hurll, Estelle M. Tuscan So pture. 40 Hurli, Estelle M. Van Dyck... 40 Hutten, Baroness von. Our Lady of the Beeches.. 330 Iddesleigh, Earl of. Luck o' Lassendale..... 243 Ilchester, Countess of, and Stavordale, Lord. Lady Sarah Lennox, one-volume edition. 68 Iles, George. Little Masterpieces of Science. 289 Ireland, Mary E. Timothy and His Friends. 407 Irving's Sketch Book, in the “Caxton Series"...... 288 Jacbern, Raymond. The New Pupil..... 478 Jacobs, W. W. The Lady of the Barge. 331 Jacoby, Harold. Practical Talks by an Astronomer 16 "James, Martha." Tom Winston, Wide Awake.... 407 James, William. Varieties of Religious Experience. 322 Jenks, Edward. Edward I.. 40 Jerrold, Walter. Reign of King Oberon. 404 Jerrold, Walter. Thackeray's Works. 19 Job, Herbert K. Among the Waterfowl. 241 Johns Hopkins University, Anniversary Volume.... 338 Johnson, Clifton. New England and Its Neighbors.. 402 Jokai, Maurus. Told by the Death's Head.... 331 Jordan, D. S. True Tales of Birds and Beasts. 41 Jordan, D. S., and Evermann, B. W. Food and Game Fishes 240 Jordan, Elizabeth G. Tales of Destiny. 67 Josselyn, Charles. The True Napoleon. 123 vi. INDEX. PAGK Kauffman, R. W. Things That Are Cæsar's. 331 Kellor, Frances. Experimental Sociology. 16 Kelman, John, and Fulley love, John, The Holy Land 402 Kemp, E. L. History of Education.. 95 Kennan, George. Folk-Tales of Napoleon. 247 Kenyon, James B. Remembered Days. 247 Kenyon, Orr. Amor Victor... 66 Keyser, Leander S. Birds of the Rockies. 236 King, Clarence. Mountaineering in the Sierra Ne- vada, new edition. 479 Kingsford, Charles L. Henry V.. 40 Kipling, Rudyard. Just So Stories.. 408 Kirk, Ellen Olney. A Remedy for Love. 68 Kiser, S. E. Love Sonnets of an Office Boy. 410 Knowles, F. L. Treasury of Humorous Poetry. 338 Krüger, Gustav, and Smith, C. A. English-German Conversation Book 216 Labberton, Robert H. Universal History 339 Ladd, George T. Philosophy of Conduct. 283 Lane, Michael A. Level of Social Motion. 121 Lane-Poole, Stanley. Cairo. 167 Lang, Andrew. Book of Romance. 404 Lansdale, Maria H. Vienna and the Viennese. 472 Larned, J. N. Literature of American History 212 Laughlin, Clara E. Stories of Authors' Loves. 399 Laughlin, J. Lawrence. Credit.... 125 Laughlin, J. Lawrence. Political Economy, revised edition 40 Laurie, S. S. Training of Teachers. 95 Lazarus, M. Ethics of Judaism... 283 Lee, Mary C. Lois Mallet's Dangerous Gift. 406 Le Feuvre, Amy. A Daughter of the Sea. 333 Le Gallienne, Richard. An Old Country House. ... 473 Leighton, Robert. The Boys of Waveney. 406 Lessing, O. E. Schiller's Einfluss auf Grillparzer.. 125 "Lest We Forget" Standard Diary for 1903.. 476 Levett-Yeats, S. The Lord Protector... 333 Lewis, Alfred. Wolf ville Nights... 334 Lewis, Edwin H. Applied English Grammar. 248 Lewis, Enrique H. Phil and Dick... 405 Lewis and Clark Journals, “Commonwealth Library" edition 68 Liddell, Mark H. Introduction to the Scientific Study of English Poetry.. 38 Linn, William Alexander. Rob and His Gun. 406 Lloyd, Robert. Treasure of Shag Rock.. 405 Lockhart's Life of Scott, “Cambridge” edition. 397 London, Jack. Children of the Frost.. 330 London, Jack. Cruise of the Dazzler. 405 Long, W. J. School of the Woods.. 398 Lovell, Isabel. Stories in Stone from the Roman Forum 479 Lover, Samuel, Works of, new library edition. 289 Lubbock, Sir John. Scenery of England.. 17 "Lyall, Edna," The Hinderers. 66 Mabie, Llamilton Wright. Parables of Life. 246 Mabie, II. W. Under the Trees, illus. by C. L. Ilinton 398 Mabie, Hamilton Wright. Works and Days. 246 McCall, S. W. Daniel Webster... 40 MacColl, D. S. Nineteenth Century Art. 475 McCutcheon, George B. Castle Craneycrow. 242 MacDonald, William. Government of Maine. 409 Machray, Robert. Night Side of London.. 167 Mackenzie's Voyages, “Commonwealth Library' edl- tion 289 Mackie, Pauline Bradford, The Washingtonians. 64 McMaster, John Bach, Daniel Webster. 466 Macmillan's Illustrated Pocket Classics. .409, 479 McNeil, Anne H. Books for Wisconsin Township Libraries 19 Madden, Eva A. The I Can School. 479 Maitland, J. A. Fuller. English Music in the XIXth Century 15 Marble, Annie Russell. Thoreau. 464 Marchant, Bessie. Secret of the Everglades. 405 Marchmont, A. W. Miser Hoadley's Secret. 67 Marchmont, A. W. Sarita, the Carlist. 62 Mark, H. Thiselton. Individuality and the Moral Aim in American Education.. 94 Marsh, Charles L. Not on the Chart. 67 "Martin, George Madden.” Emmy Lou.. 406 Matthews, Brander. Aspects of Fiction, revised edi- tion 338 PAGE Mason, A. E. W. The Four Feathers. 3:29 Maud, Constance E. Heroines of Poetry 477 May, Elizabeth. Animal Life 409 Mead, Leon. Word Coinage.. 409 Meade, Mrs. L. T. Rebel of the School... 407 Merejkowski, Dimitri. Romance of Leonardo da Vinci 244 Merrill, J. M. His Mother's Letter.. 407 Merriman, Henry Seton. The Vultures 243 Millar, J. H. The Mid-Eighteenth Century. 336 Miller, William. Mediæval Rome..... 166 Mills, W. Jay. Historic Houses of New Jersey. 400 Milne-Home, Mary P. Stray Leaves from a Border Garden 33 Mississippi Historical Society Publications, Vol. V. 18 Molesworth, Mrs. Peterkin 478 Montgomery, Frances Trego. Billy Whiskers. 408 Moody, W. V., and Lovett, R. M. English Literature 96 Morris, Clara. A Pasteboard Crown. 65 Morris, Clara. Stage Confidences. 337 Morris, E. P. Latin Syntax. 93 Morris, Helen. Grandma's Girls. 407 Morse, Edward S. Glimpses of China and Chinese Homes 468 Morse, Frances Clary. Furniture of the Olden Time 474 Mowry, A. M. First Steps in England's History.... 19 Müller, Max. Memories, illus. by Blanche Ostertag 401 Munchausen's Adventures, in the “Children's Favor- ite Classics" 477 Murray, Charles T. Mlle. Fouchette. Musicians' Library 457 Myers, A. C. Immigration of Irish Quakers into Pennsylvania 325 Myers, Philip Van Ness. The Middle Ages. 99 Nash, Harriet A. Polly's Secret. 406 Nason, Frank L. To the End of the Trail. 242 National Educational Association Papers. 18 Naylor, James B. In the Days of St. Clair. 243 New Century Library 402 Newell, Peter. Topsys and Turvys. 409 Newnes's thin-paper editions.. 288 Nichols, Francis H. Through Hidden Shensi. 467 Nicholay, J. G. Short Life of Lincoln... 480 Nicoll, W. Robertson. Works of Charlotte Brönte.. 18 Norman, Henry. All the Russias. 234 Norris, W. E. Credit of the County.. 66 Nyrop, Christopher. The Kiss and Its History. 125 Oertel, Hanns. Study of Language. 92 Old South Leaflets, Vol. V... 100 Olston, Albert B. Mind Power and Privileges. 285 Opdycke, Leonard E. Book of the Courtier. 389 Orcutt, William Dana. Kallisto. 408 "O’Rell, Max." 'Tween You an' I... 99 Otis, James. IIow the Twins Captured a Hessian. 477 Page, Thomas Nelson. A Captured Santa Claus... 478 Page, Walter II. Rebuilding of Old Common- wealths Pain, Barry. The One Before. 65 Palliser, Mrs. Bury. History of Lace, revised edi- tion 13 Palmer, George H. Field of Ethics. 282 Parker, Gilbert. Donovan Pasha. 329 Parker, Gilbert. The Lane That Had No Turning, illustrated edition 476 Patten, S. N. Theory of Prosperity. 245 Paul, Herbert W. Matthew Arnold. 157 Payne, Will. On Fortune's Road. 329 Pemberton, Max. House under the Sea. 329 Perkins, Clara C. French Cathedrals and Chateaux 401 Phin, John. Shakespeare Cyclopædia.. 168 Phipson, T. Lamb. Confessions of a Violinist. 286 Pidgin, Charles Felton, The Climax.. 333 Pierce, B. 0. Newtonian Potential Function, 168 Pinloche, A. Pestalozzi and the Foundation of the Modern Elementary School.. 95 Portrait Catalogue, Houghton, Mifflin & Co.'s. 168 Potter, Murray A. Sorab and Rustem. 124 Price, Eleanor C. Angelot... 61 Price, Lillian L. Wandering Heroes. 248 Prince, Helen C. The Strongest Master. 330 Pullen, Elisabeth. Mr. Whitman... 63 Pyle, Katharine. In the Green Forest. 408 Raine, Allen. A Welsh Witch... 64 Rait, Robert S. Five Stuart Princesses. 17 Ralph, Julian. The Millionairess.. 332 95 INDEX. vii. 241 PAGE Rankin, Jean Sherwood. Everyday English. 409 Rannie, David W. History of Oriel College. 337 Rawnsley, H. D. Rambler's Note-Book at the English Lakes 337 Ray, Anna Chapin. Nathalie's Chum. 408 Raymond, Evelyn. Daisies and Diggleses. 478 Read, Opie. The Starbucks... 334 Reed, Helen L. Brenda's Cousin at Radcliffe. 406 Reference Catalogue of Current Literature, 1902.. 168 Reid, Sir Wemyss. William Black. 215 Reinsch, Paul. Colonial Government. 286 Rhoades, Nina. Little Girl Next Door. 407 Ricci, Corrado. Pintoricchio... 470 Richards, Laura E. The Hurdy Gurdy. 409 Riley, James W. An Old Sweetheart of Mine, holl- day edition 475 Riley, James W. Book of Joyous Children. 408 Risley, R. V. Life of a Woman. 327 Ritchie, D. G. Studies in Political and Social Ethics 284 Rives, Hallie Erminie. Hearts Courageous. 65 Roberts, Charles G. D. Kindred of the Wild. 240 Roberts, H. Handbooks of Practical Gardening..68, 248 Roberts, Morley. Way of a Man. 243 Roddy, H. Justin. School Geography. 125 Roosevelt, Theodore, and others. The Deer Family 241 Rose, John H. Life of Napoleon I. 238 Rosegger, Peter. The Earth and the Fullness Thereof 332 Ross, Martin, and Somerville, E. E. A Patrick's Day Hunt 476 Rowe, Henrietta G. A Maid of Bar Harbor.. 66 Russell, George W. E. An Onlooker's Notebook.... 30 Sabatini, Rafael. Suitors of Yvonne. 68 Sage, William. The Clay bornes.. 243 Sanborn, F. B. Channing's Thoreau, the Poet-Nat- uralist 464 Sanborn, F. B. Thoreau's The Service. 19 Sandys, Edwyn, and Van Dyke, T. S. Upland Game Birds Saussure, César de. Foreign View of England. 121 Sawyer, Timothy T. Old Charlestown. 336 Schelling, Felix E. English Chronicle Play 286 Schröer, Arnold. Grieb's German-English Diction- ary 289 Schuyler, Aaron. Systems of Ethics. 283 Seaman, Owen. Borrowed Plumes. 284 Search, Preston W. An Ideal School. 94 Sea well, Molly Elliot. Francezka.. 330 Sedgwick, Anne Douglas. The Rescue.. Seignobos, Charles. History of the Roman People.. 100 Seignobos, Charles. The Feudal Régime. 125 Sexton, Ella M. Stories of California. 479 Sharp, Evelyn. The Other Boy... 407 Shelley's Poems, in the "Endymion Series" 475 Shelley's Poems, Newnes's thin-paper edition. 288 Sheppard, Edgar. Old Royal Palace of Whitehall.. 214 Shipley, A. E., and McBride, E. W. Zoology ....... 98 "Shirley, Penn." Boy Donald and His Hero. 478 SIII, Edward Rowland, Poems, limited edition. 166 Singleton, Esther. Famous Paintings.. 401 Singleton, Esther. London. 401 Singleton, Esther. Social New York under the Georges 471 Smeaton, Oliphant. The Medici and the Italian Renaissance 39 Smith, Alexander, and Hall, E. H. Teaching of Chemistry and Physics.. 338 Smith, Charlotte Curtis. Camping Out. 407 Smith, Eugene. The Home Aquarium. 125 Smith, F. Hopkinson. Complete works, "Beacon" edition .124, 479 Smith, F. Hopkinson. Fortunes of Oliver Horn.... 326 Smith, Gertrude. Lovable Tales of Janey and Josey and Joe 408 Smith, Goldwin. Commonwealth or Empire. 165 Smith, J. W. Training for Citizenship.. 99 Smith, Nora Archibald. Three Little Marys. 407 Smith, S. Jennie. Madge, a Girl in Earnest. 406 Smythe, Lillian C. Guardian of Marie Antoinette.. 334 Southey, Robert. Journal of a Tour to the Nether- lands 285 Sparroy, Wilfrid. Persian Children of the Royal Family 164 Spearman, Frank H. Doctor Bryson. 330 PAGE Spaulding, J. L. Religion, Agnosticism, and Edu- cation 166 "Spectator, Seen by the" 249 Spencer, Herbert. Facts and Comments. 9 Spyri, Johanna. Heidi, trans. by Helene S. White. 477 Stephen, Leslie. English Thought in the 18th Cen- tury, third edition 289 Stephen, Leslie George Eliot. 156 Stevens, Sheppard. In the Eagle's Talon. 67 Stevenson, Burton E. The Heritage. .327 Stevenson, R. L. Ari Inland Voyage, illustrated edi- tion 288 Stillman, W. J. Billy and Hans. 409 Stoddard, W. 0. Errand Boy of Andrew Jackson.. 405 Stokes, Anson P. Cruising in the West Indies.... 468 Stone, Gertrude L., and Fickett, M. Grace. Trees in Prose and Poetry.... 19 Storey, Moorfield, and Codman, Julian. Secretary Root's Record 248 Stratemeyer, Edward. Marching on Niagara. 404 Stratemeyer, Edward. Young Volcano Explorers.. 477 Stuart, Ruth McEnery. Napoleon Jackson.. 332 Sullivan, T. R. Courage of Conviction. 63 Sunday Reading for the Young, 1903.... 408 Swett, Sophie. The Wonder Ship. 478 "Swift, Benjamin." The Game of Love. 60 Sykes, Percy M. Ten Thousand Miles in Persia.. 163 Taggart, Marion A. Miss Lochinvar.. 407 Taggart, Marion A. The Wyndham Girls.. 406 Tappan, Eva M. In the Days of Queen Elizabeth.. 404 Tarkington, Booth. The Two Vanrevels... 327 Tarr, Ralph S., and McMurry, Frank M. Complete Geography 99 Tarver, J. C. Tiberius the Tyrant. 90 Taylor, Mary Imlay. Little Mistress Good Hope.. 408 Temple Bible .19, 68, 125, 248, 410, 473 Temple Primers 409 Tennyson's Idylls of the King, Putnam's holiday edition 475 Terry, Benjamin. History of England. 288 Thackeray's Our Annual Execution, limited reprint. 474 Thackeray's Sketch Books, Macmillan's edition... 248 Thompson, Adele E. Brave Heart Elizabeth. 405 Thompson, Sir Henry. The Unknown God.. 68 Thoreau's Walden, one-volume holiday edition. 398 Thruston, Lucy M. A Girl of Virginia... 67 Thruston, Lucy M. Jack and His Island. 405 Thumb-Nail Series, volumes for 1902. 403 Thwaites, R. G. Daniel Boone.. 335 Thwaites, R. G. Father Marquette. 215 Tiffany, Nina M. Letters of James Murray 160 Tinker, Chauncey B. Beowulf... 289 Tomlinson, Everett T. Cruising on the St. Law- rence 406 Tomlinson, Everett T. Under Colonial Colors. 404 Tompkins, Herbert W. Hertfordshire. 247 Toynbee, Paget. Dante Studies and Researches.... 168 "Travers, Graham." The Way of Escape.. 61 Triggs, O. L. Arts and Crafts Movement.. 287 Troeger, J. W., and Edna B. Harold's Discussions 125 True, John Preston. On Guard! Against Tory and Tarleton 405 Tschudi, Clara. Marie Antoinette, second edition.. 68 Turk, Milton H. Selections from De Quincey.. 18 Turner, H. H. Modern Astronomy, second edition. 41 Ulrich, Bessie. The Child and the Tree... 478 Upton, Bertha and Florence K. Golliwogg's Alr Ship 409 Upton, George P. Musical Pastels. 210 Upton, George P. Standard Light Operas. 216 Van Dyke, John C. Italian Painting. 249 Van Vorst, Marie. Philip Longstreth. 64 Velvin, Ellen. Rataplan.. 67 Venable, William Henry. Tom Tad. 407 Vincent, E. L. Margaret Bowlby. 66 Voth, H. R. Oraibi Powamu Ceremony Walker, A. H. Primer of Greek Constitutional His- tory 68 Wallace, Lew. The First Christmas. 402 Walsh, W. S. History of Mr. John Decastro. 473 Ward, John. The Sacred Beetle.. 39 Ward, Josiah M. Come with Me into Babylon.. 332 Ware, Eugene F. Some Rhymes of Ironquill. 124 Warner, Charles Dudley. Fashions in Literature.. 122 Washington, Booker T. Character Building.... 214 63 19 viii. INDEX. PAGE Waterhouse, Alfred J. Lays for Little Chaps.. 478 Waterloo, Stanley Story of a Strange Career. 245 Watson, H. B. Mariott. The House Divided.... 62 Way, T. R. and A. E. Reliques of Stratford-on- Avon 19 Wells, Amos R. The Caxton Club. 478 Wells, Carolyn. A Nonsense Anthology. 480 Wells, Carolyn. Folly in the Forest. 408 Wells, Carolyn. Pete and Polly Stories. 408 Wells, H. G. The Sea Lady.... 329 Wharton, Anne H. Social Life in the Early Re- public 471 What Is Worth While Series. 410 Wheatley, H. B. How to Make an Index. 122 White, Emerson E. Art of Teaching.. 95 White, Hervey. Noll and the Fairies, 478 White, Horace. Money and Banking, second edition 216 Whitelock, William W. When the Heart Is Young. 409 Wiener, Leo. Anthology of Russian Literature.... 336 Wiggin, Kate Douglas. Penelope's Experiences in Ireland, holiday edition... 474 PAGR Willard, Ashton R. Land of the Latins..... 470 Williams, H. Noel. Madame de Pompadour. 397 Williams, Jesse Lynch. New York Sketches. 472 Williams, Margery. The Late Returning.. 65 Wilson, Augusta Evans. A Speckled Bird.. 833 Wilson, Harry Leon. The Spenders... 65 Wilson, Woodrow. History of the American People 393 Winfield, Arthur M. Larry Barlow's Ambition... 407 Winnington, Laura. Outlook Story Book.... 479 Winslow, Helen M. Concerning Polly. 406 Wister, Owen. The Virginian...... 242 Witmer, Lightner. Analytical Psychology. 98 Wood-Martin, W. G. Traces of Elder Faiths of Ire. land 14 Woods, Alice. Edges... 332 Woods, Margaret L. Sons of the Sword. 62 Wright, Mabel Osgood. Dogtown.. 477 Wright, W. A. More Letters of FitzGerald. 164 Wundt, Wilhelm. Principles of Morality. 283 Yechton, Barbara. Molly.. 478 Young, Charles A. Manual of Astronomy. 100 MISCELLANEOUS. "American English" Again. (P. F. B.). 29 "Ancestor, The" 124 Bailey, Philip James, Death of. 169 Bodleian Library, 300th Anniversary of.. 234 Bryce's Studies in History and Jurisprudence--A Correction 100 Butler, William Allen, Death of.. 169 Case "Not Proven," The. (J. S. Snoddy). 84 "Craftsman, The" 248 Eggleston, Edward, Death of. 169 “Gulf States Historical Magazine". 68 “Hawthorne's First Diary"-Is It a Forgery? (Sam- uel T. Pickard).... 155 "International Quarterly" 216 Japanese Language, Reform of the, by Legislation. 125 Ladd's "Philosophy of Conduct." (George Trum- bull Ladd) 386 "Medical Book News" 99 Montalgne, Riverside Press limited edition of..112, 339 "Out West" 99 Poe and the University of Virginia (E. A. Forbes). 85 “Sewanee Review" 339 Word, Transmutations of a. (Samuel Willard). JUL 2 1902 THE DIAL A SEMI-MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. EDITED BY FRANCIS F. BROWNE. Volume XXXIII. No. 385. CHICAGO, JULY 1, 1902. 10 cts. a copy. (FINE ARTS BUILDING. 203 Michigan Blvd. $2. a year. NEW FICTION FOR SUMMER READING THE DIARY OF A GOOSE GIRL AUDREY By Mary Johnston $1.50 By Kate Douglas Wiggin $1.00 THE CLAYBORNES OPENINGS IN THE OLD TRAIL By William Sage By Bret Harte $1.50 $1.25 Mrs. Wiggin delights her many readers with a charming tale of an American girl who runs away from her lover and masquerades as a goose girl in a quaint Sussex village. The author's humor and fancy have free range, as, with the heroine, she tends the hens, ducks, and geese of Thorny- croft farm and wanders through the picturesque village. Mr. Claude A. Shepperson has drawn fifty-four illustrations which add much to the attractiveness of the book. In view of the recent death of Bret Harte added interest is aroused in his new book which has just been published. “Openings in the Old Trail” contains nine tales of life in the West, told with all of Mr. Harte's skill and charm. A new story by Mrs. Foote is always welcome, and she has never written a better one than “ The Desert and the Sown." The scene shifts between the far West and the Dutch farming country of New York; the characters are of unusual interest and the story altogether entertaining. Among the fiction by new authors none is more realistic and keenly interesting than Frank Lewis Nason's novel entitled, “To the End of the Trail." Its scene is laid in the West, and the whole story breathes the space and freedom of Colorado ranch and mining life. “ Audrey” has received the highest praise from critics as being a lovely and worthy story, showing Miss Johnston's power as a writer. The book has six colored illustrations. In a review of Mr. Sage's new novel, the Boston Transcript says: “• The Clay bornes' is an inter- esting and strong story involving the events and the people of stirring time a living force in current literature." In “ John Kenadie" Mr. Saunders has found a field in Arkansas - one new to novelists — and has written a story which shows a practised hand and thorough knowledge of Arkansas types and scenes. It is a strong character study of the hero and his strange and perplexing inheritance. A story of striking originality is “Roman Biznet" by Georgia Wood Pangborn. The author keeps the reader's interest on the alert and tells her story with much skill. . THE DESERT AND THE SOWN > JOHN KENADIE By Ripley D. Saunders $1.50 By Mary Hallock Foote $1.50 TO THE END OF THE TRAIL ROMAN BIZNET By Frank Lewis Nason Ву Georgia Wood Pangborn $1.50 > $1.50 HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & COMPANY, Boston and New York 2 (July 1, THE DIAL NEW SUMMER READING OLYMPIAN NIGHTS By JOHN KENDRICK BANGS Author of “The House-Boat on the Styx,” etc. “ Just good fun and amusement.” Mr. Bangs tells the humorous adventures of a mortal among the modern gods of Olympus. Illustrated, $1.25. THE KENTONS By W. D. HOWELLS The delightful story of an American family – "a bit of real life charmingly drawn, full of deli- cate wit and humor." $1.50. AN ONLOOKER'S NOTE-BOOK THE KING IN YELLOW By ROBERT W. CHAMBERS Author of “ Cardigan,” “The Con- spirators,” etc. A new, revised edition of Mr. Cham- bers's best-known short stories. Illustrated, $1.50. " MEDITATIONS OF AN AUTOGRAPH COLLECTOR By the Author of “Col- lections and Rec- ollections." By ADRIAN H. JOLINE Do you like good stories ? There are scores of them con- cerning everybody you ever heard of in this new volume. It is a volume of interesting- ness. Witty comment, anec- dote, observation by the son of an English peer and one of the best-known members of Par- liament. TALES OF DESTINY By ELIZABETH G. JORDAN New short stories by the author of « Tales of the Cloister," etc. One critic says: “ A book for every woman and for every man." Illustrated, $1.50. You will be disappointed in this volume-if you expect to find in it a collection of autographs. Instead you will find new, humorous stories of poets, authors, kings, queens - celebrities all over the world, and the author's own bright, witty “meditations” and experiences. You will enjoy it thoroughly. Half leather, illustrated, $3.00 net (postage extra). $2.25 net (postage extra). ABNER DANIEL By WILL N. HARBEN A new novel by the author of “Wes- terfelt,” etc., already received as the “ David Harum of the South.” $1.50. A STORY By HAMLIN GARLAND OF MODERN Author of « Main Traveled Roads." HEROISM. THE $1.50. CAPTAIN OF THE GRAY HORSE TROOP HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK 1902.] 3 THE DIAL THE BEST NEW BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING NEW NOVELS THIRD EDITION TWENTY-FIFTH THOUSAND THE VIRGINIAN A HORSEMAN OF THE PLAINS. By OWEN WISTER. Cloth, $1.50. 15th thousand. Illustrated by ARTHUR I. KELLER. “The book is thoroughly wholesome, robust, and sin- core. . . . Mr. Wister possesses a koon sense of humor, an eye for a dramatic effect, and the ability to tell a story." - New York Herald. The CONQUEROR BEING THE TRUE AND ROMANTIC STORY OF ALEXANDER HAMILTON. By GERTRUDE ATHERTON. Cloth, $1.50. " It is a fascinating picture of the life of a hundred years ago, and should be read by everyone of taste and intelligence . enthusiastic and imaginatively ro- mantic."- New England Magazine. DOROTHY VERNON OF HADDON HALL By CHARLES MAJOR. Cloth, $1.50. Illustrated by HOWARD CHANDLER CHRISTY. "A delightful story ... clever and beautiful.”- The Independent. “A crisp and clever love story." - San Francisco Bulletin. OLDFIELD A KENTUCKY TALE OF THE LAST CENTURY. By NANCY HUSTON BANKS. Cloth, $1.50. “A simple tale of the days just before the war, with people so quaint and delightful that they might have lived in Cranford instead of Kentucky." - The Sun, New York, THE AMERICAN SPORTSMAN'S LIBRARY Edited by CASPAR WHITNEY Three volumes now ready; each, in cloth, gilt top, crown 8vo, $2.00 net (postage, 15 cts.). UPLAND GAME BIRDS THE DEER FAMILY SALMON AND TROUT By EDWIN SANDYS and T. By the Hon. THEODORE ROOSE- By DEAN SAGE, WILLIAM S. VAN DYKE. VELT, T. S. VAN DYKE, D. G. C. HARRIS, and C.H. TOWN- Illustrated by Louis A GANSIZ ELLIOT, and A. J. STONE. SEND. Illustrated by A. B. FUERTES, A. B. Frost, J. 0. Illustrated by CARL RUNGIUS. With FROST and others. NOGENT, and C. L. BULL. Maps by Dr. C. HART MERRIAM. Ready June 18. A limited edition of 100 copies of each of the ten or so volumes to complete the Library will be in half levant, on Van Gelder hand-made paper, $7.50 net each (sets only). Send for a circular. A NEW VOLUME IN THE CITIZEN’S LIBRARY : OF ECONOMICS, POLITICS, AND SOCIOLOGY. COLONIAL GOVERNMENT Cloth, $1.25 net (postage, 10 ots.). By PAUL S. REINSCH, Ph.D., Professor of Political Science in the University of Wisconsin, Author of " World Politics at the End of the Nineteenth Century." An Introduction to the Study of Colonial Institutions, with a chapter on motives and methods of colonization fur. nishing the historical point of view, but dealing primarily with the forms and institutions of colonial government. Books published at NET prices are sold by booksellers everywhere at the advertised NET prices. When delivered from the publishers, carriage, either postage or expressage, is an extra charge. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 66 Fifth Ave., New York 4 (June 1, 1902. THE DIAL APPLETONS' NEW BOOKS The Way of Escape TEHA A Novel. By GRAHAM TRAVERS (Margaret Todd, M.D.), author of “Mona Maclean,” “Windyhaugh,” etc. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. HE distinction inherent in the books of Graham Travers is peculiarly characteristic of her new novel, which shows a largeness of design and nobility of purpose that will leave a deep impression. The author deals with a question which is answered very differently in “The Silence of Dean Maitland.” The story, unfolded with all the author's insight into a woman's nature and with profound sympathy and unfailing force and interest, is one which will lay strong hold upon thinking readers. A novel so elevated, stimulating, and powerful in its character will be welcomed as a relief from much current trashy and inconse- quential story-telling. a Father Marquette FIRST VOLUME IN APPLETONS' The History of the LIFE HISTORIES. Louisiana Purchase By Dr. James K. HOSMER, author of "A Short The Explorer of the Mississippi. History of the Mississippi Valley,” etc. With By REUBEN G. THWAITES, editor of “The Jesuit illustrations and maps. 12mo, cloth, $1.20 net; Relations," etc. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, $1 net; postage, 12 cts. additional. postage, 10 cts. additional. The story that Dr. Hosmer tells of the acquisition of Mr. Thwaites, the editor of “The Jesuit Relations," the western empire included in the Louisiana Purchase whose knowledge of the French on this continent is un- presents fresh and picturesque phases of a most important surpassed, presents in this volume the story of the great historical event of poouliar and timely interest, in view of explorer in a form having all the interest of a tale of ad- the anniversary which comes next year. He pictures the venture. Building up from Marquette's own writings and vague and curious ideas of the Louisiana country held by those of his contemporaries, he has produced a work that most Americans one hundred years ago, and the objections will be valuable for its historical accuracy, and peculiarly to this form of expansion. He treats the changes in the timely in view of the coming celebration of the Louisiana ownership of the territory from France to Spain, and again Purchase. to France, and he develops fully the purposes and acts of Jefferson and the American Commissioners in Paris. Prisoners of Russia Facts and Comments By Dr. BENJAMIN HOWARD. With an introduction by General 0. 0. Howard. Illastrated, 12mo, By HERBERT SPENCER, author of “The Study of cloth, $1.40 net; postage, 14 cts. additional. Sociology," “ Education : Intellectual, Moral, A most important contribution to the subject of pen- Physical,” etc. Uniform edition. 12mo, cloth, ology. A significant value attaches to the author's $1.20 net; postage, 12 cts. additional. personal account of Russian convict life at Sakhalin. Seldom it is that a book other than fiction gets into the Dr. Howard enjoyed every opportunity for an intimate weekly list of the six best selling books. To Herbert acquaintance with the personnel of the Sakhalin settle- Spencer's "Facts and Comments" belongs this distinc- ment, and his book pictures many curious experiences and tion, ranking fifth in the list. This book went through strange characters. four editions in ten days. D. APPLETON & CO., NEW YORK AND CHICAGO THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. PAGE 5 . 9 . . THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of cenary dramatic epigrammatist exclaim, “Let each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, 82.00 a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Merico; in other countries me make the dramatizations for the stage, and comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must I care not who makes its dramas." be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the The whole movement has been episodic and current number. REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and abnormal; it has been overdone, and has in- for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; vited the inevitable reaction. Nevertheless, and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished the dramatization will go on in the normal and on application. All communications should be addressed to THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. rational manner which has always characterised the theatre. There was nothing essentially No. 385. JULY 1, 1902. Vol. XXXIII. original behind the recent ascendancy of the dramatization idea. It was an accident of CONTENTS. group movements. Dramas which have been based on original AS TO DRAMATIZATIONS. Paul Wilstach fundamental ideas with purely imaginary SIR WALTER BESANT'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY. groups of characters have rarely been in the William Morton Payne 6 majority. Literature has always been the store- THE LATEST AND LAST OF MR. SPENCER'S house of dramatic material, the reserve force of WRITINGS. Wallace Rice. the dramatist. Nearly all of Shakespeare's plays are dramatizations, in part of novels and A SHORT HISTORY OF GERMANY. Lewis A. Rhoades 11 tales, and in part of history. The playwrights succeeding him nearly always drew on concrete THE BASIS OF SOCIAL RELATIONS. Frank W'. historical material for the inspiration and form Blackmar 13 of their work. If dramatizations of novels THE HISTORY AND MYSTERY OF LACE. May were fewer in the eighteenth century than sub- Estelle Cook 13 sequently, it is in a measure because works of BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 14 fiction were rarer; the printing-press had not Irish lore and legend.— A history of modern English developed its enormous potentiality. Novels music. -Studies in experimental sociology.- Prac- and dramatizations have continually expressed tical talks by an astronomer. - Records of an ideal friendship. —- Books for the student of design. their plenitude in their proportions. Daughters of the house of Stuart. — Sir John Lub- From the earliest decade of the nineteenth bock on English scenery. “Judith's Garden." . century the dramatic hack laid violent hands BRIEFER MENTION 18 on the library. Scott was a ready victim. NOTES 19 Nearly every one of his novels transmigrated to the stage, each multiplying itself into from TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS 19 two to six or more versions. Thackeray's char- LIST OF NEW BOOKS 20 acters were less readily appropriated; but Becky Sharp, the Warrington boys, Henry and Beatrice, were early paraded before the foot- AS TO DRAMATIZATIONS. lights, – seldom successfully, because the sub- In its etymological sense, dramatization is tleties and literalism of Thackeray offered no the process of making a drama out of any grist purchase for the attack of the opportunist. that comes to mill,- be it an original idea or Dickens has, from the appearance of “Oliver a second-hand fiction, an actual incident, a Twist," been almost as familiar in the play- poem, a name, or a theory. But recently the house as in the library. The appearance of . popular conception has reduced it from a generic each of his works, and of Scott's, precipitated to a specific term, and it is accepted to mean a scramble for dramatization beside which the almost exclusively the process by which the phenomenon of the past eight years has not story of a novel is recast into the form of a been comparable. Many of the stories appeared drama. In this sense it has displayed the fer- on the stage in dramatic form within two days tility of alfalfa. Truthfully might the mer- after the books were published. In one in- 6 (July 1, THE DIAL stance, Dickens found his story dramatized brief « Monsieur Beaucaire.” The experienced and acted before it had run its serial course in and successful workman uses only the theme a periodical. The dramatist had invented an of a story, and thereon he embroiders. “Rip ending regardless of the novelist's intention. Van Winkle" is the dramatization of a short The theatres of New York played five different story; so is “ The Cricket on the Hearth.” versions of " David Copperfield” the year of Most of the tangent Shakespearian inspiration “ its appearance. Not so large a proportion of was the mere pulse of the resultant plays. As Bulwer Lytton's works as of Scott's and a record of curiosity, it may be recalled that Dickens's have reached the stage ; but such as “The Heart of Maryland” was a dramatiza- have found their way thither have established tion of “ Curfew Shall Not Ring To-night”; an almost equal popularity and permanency. and “ Shenandoah ” bore the same relation to Dramatizations were made of a number of “ Sheridan's Ride.” Sherlock Holmes is the Cooper's tales, of two of Harriet Beecher dramatization of a character, not of any one of Stowe's, one of Hawthorne's, two of Wash- Dr. Doyle's stories. PAUL WILSTACH. ington Irving's, and of several of Wilkie Col- lins's and Charles Reade's, all long before the present renaissance. How are we to account for the inundation The New Books. of dramatized novels which has recently swept the stage? There are several reasons which SIR WALTER BESANT'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY.* may have and no doubt did contribute to the fact, but none so much as that to be found in Walter Besant was so accomplished a story- the literary movement of the period. With teller that he could not fail to relate the story the recent flood of romance came the wake of of his own life in an attractive way, and his dramatizations. At no other time have story Autobiography, which has just been published writers appeared, saving Scott and Dickens, under the editorial care of Dr. S. Squire Sprigge, who displayed material so inviting and con- is a volume of much value and a notable addi. genial to the playwright. They are writing tion to a branch of literature in which our own stories of intrigue, of incident, and of action. language is richer than any other. It would Commercialism has played its part. When be interesting to inquire just why it is that the publishers herald the declaration that five biography (including autobiography) occupies hundred thousand copies of a certain book have so large a place, relatively, in English litera- been sold, it requires no originalist to foresee ture. Other nations have biographies of their a ready-made trade-mark, a fertilized interest greater men, as a matter of course; but other for a dramatization of that story. This much nations do not, as a rule, make so many of of the sin is on the soul of the perpetrator of their lesser men the subjects of substantial that soul-less schedule of “ best selling books.” volumes. We seem in this respect to have Though many sins have been committed in learned a lesson that has escaped Frenchmen the name of this worthy process, it is a little. and Germans, -- the lesson that a man's life is - appreciated fact that many of the most popular the most interesting thing in the world, and and enduring of modern plays — not the best, that the interest of the life is by no means mark you are dramatizations. When it is strictly proportional to the importance of his recalled that the perennial “East Lynne,” achievement. If he has done enough to make “Rip Van Winkle," “Uncle Tom's Cabin," his name reasonably familiar to a wide circle “Camille," and " Monte Cristo,"to name only of readers, and a competent artist in biography five, are in each instance the reconstruction of is at hand, no other justification is needed for a novel, the group suggests that only dramati- recounting his career. Even our fiction assumes zations have perpetuity. more frequently, we should fancy, than the Dramatizations have revealed terrible and fiction of other peoples, the form of biography; wonderful possibilities. The amateur unskilled and every reader can recall many a novel which in the technique of playmaking often displays is really nothing more than the story of a single a naïve surprise at the achievements thereof. life as imagined by the writer. Without at- Before Mr. Booth Tarkington demonstrated tempting to discuss this question in any detail, , the practicability of the experiment, many it may perhaps be set down safely enough, as a people expressed wonderment that Mr. Richard * THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF SIR WALTER BESANT. With Mansfield was to secure a long play from the portrait. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. 1902.) 7 THE DIAL course. useful years. general formula, that the English is the most modified, had Sir Walter bimself seen it through individual of modern races, and that conse- the press. We are not quite sure that we agree quently the individual English reader takes a with the editor in his assumption that the writer peculiar satisfaction in learning how other in- would have been less outspoken upon certain dividuals, real or imagined, have dealt with the subjects had he lived to revise his first draft. problems that beset every human existence. He would not wantonly have given offense to The life of a professional man of letters is any soul alive, but his early experience in re- a apt to be barren of external incidentor dramatic ligious matters was such that he thought plain setting, leaving the man who undertakes to speaking needful, and he did not conceal his write it little recourse save to the inner ex- abhorrence of the religious view that substitutes perience of the subject as revealed in books, ceremonial for worship, or of the view that there journals, correspondence, and familiar inter- is something sinful in the enjoyment of life and It is, on the whole, best that such a letting every human faculty have full play. life should take the form of autobiography, for Sir Walter was ever a hater of shams, and he who but the man who has himself lived it had no lack of courage when it was a question could adequately portray the succession of of exposing hypocrisy and pleading for a ra- moods and intellectual states which has made tional form of religious observance. It is only up its substance. So we are glad that “Sir a hopelessly bigoted soul that could take offence Walter the Second " has told us his own life- at such a passage as the following, which voices.' story, instead of leaving the task to some pious the honest indignation of a generous spirit at friend, although another hand might have made the perversion of the spirit of Christianity: a good deal out of it, in view of the varied ac- 6 When I consider the extent of the Calvinistic teach- tivities that engrossed Sir Walter's busy and ing; its dreadful narrowness; the truly heartless and His Mauritius experiences, his pitiless way in which those solemn faces above the work for the Palestine Exploration Fund, his wobbling Geneva bands spoke of the small number of the Elect and the certainty of endless torment for the militant efforts in behalf of the profession of multitude - the whole illustrating the ineffable Love authorship, his extensive labors in the field of of God -- I am amazed that people were as cheerful London history, and his long career of bene- as they were. I suppose that people were accustomed ficent philanthopic endeavor, would provide nobody dared to doubt or disbelieve; only, you see, the to this kind of talk; there was no question of rebellion; enough material for an interesting book, even doctrine if realised would have made life intolerable; if there were no novels to write about. In- the human affections only the source and spring of deed, Sir Walter was so much more than a agony; religion a selfish, individual, doubtful hope; novelist, so much more than a mere man of the closing years of old age a horrible anticipation of what was to follow. Therefore the thing was put away letters, that the story of his books would deal in silence; it was brought out in two sermons every with only a single aspect of a remarkably rich week; it was regarded as a theological exercise in which and many-sided career. It is true that his the congregation could admire the intellectual subtle- books were what chiefly made him widely fa- ties by which every gracious word of Christ was, by some distortion of half a verse from Paul, turned into mous, creating the demand which made a biog- the exact opposite of what it meant.” raphy possible, but the writing of novels, al- though doubtless a delight to him, was regarded In spite of his manifest unfitness for the as a kind of journeyman work, to be conscien- ecclesiastical life, Besant was on the point of tiously performed to the best of his abilities, taking orders at the close of his university but not to be compared in real importance to period. He loathed the idea, but it seemed the work of bestowing added dignity upon the the only course open to him. Returning from literary profession, or of founding a People's a vacation walking tour in the Tyrol, where Palace, or of projecting an Atlantic Union that Calverley had been one of his companions, he should bind more closely than ever before the was met by the direct question as to when he branches of the English-speaking people. These wished to be ordained. were the real objects of Sir Walter's life, and “By this time I had passed the voluntary theological examination at Cambridge, and bad nothing more to do to them novel-writing was ancillary or inci- except to pass the Bishop's examination. I put myself dental. in communication with the Bishop's secretary, and with The Autobiography was left by Sir Walter great depression of spirits prepared myself for perjury, in an uncompleted state, or at least an unrevised because by this time I understood that the white tie one, and his editor, explaining the author's would choke me. Then I heard that there were rumors methods of work, indicates certain respects in among the governors. Somebody said that he feared - he was told - it was rumored that I was not which he thinks the book might have been sound on the Atonement. And day by day the truth 8 (July 1, THE DIAL - was borne in upon me that I was not called and chosen from the Mauritius years, and this is the for the office of deacon in the Church of England. author's humorous account of the venture : Christmas came. I was to be ordained in the Spring; the Bishop had my name; my credentials had been sent “I also wrote a novel. It was a long novel, intended to him. And then -oh! happiness! a door of release for the then orthodox three volumes. I wrote it with was thrown open. My friend Ebden, then a junior in great enjoyment, and I persuaded myself that it was the Colonial Office, came to see me. In his hand, so good. Finally I sent it to England and had it submit- to speak, he held two colonial professorships. It seemed ted to a publisher. His verdict was in plain language- not improbable that I might have either of them if I • Won't do, but has promise.' When I got home I re- chose. Then I should not have to take orders; then ceived back the MS., and I agreed with the verdict; it I should see something more of the world; then I should was a happy thing for me that the MS. was not pub- travel across the ocean. If I chose ? Of course I chose. lished. The papers lay in my chamber for a long time I jumped at the chance. I sent in my name. I was afterwards in a corner covered with dust. They got appointed. My choice was for the Mauritius, because upon my nerves. I used to see a goblin sitting on the the other place was in South Africa, and I don't like pile; an amorphous goblin, with tearful eyes, big head, snakes. So when I returned to Leamington it was to shapeless body, long arms and short legs. He would give in my resignation in three months, with the joy of wag his head mournfully. Don't make another like feeling that I need not trouble the Bishop of Worcester me,' he said. Not like me. I could n't bear to meet - to whom I forgot to send an excuse and that no another like me.' At last I plucked up courage and one thenceforward would so much as ask whether I was burned the whole pile. Then my goblin vanished and sound on the Atonement." I saw him no more. I expected him some time after, if only to thank me for not making another like him. Thus did Besant reach the critical point in But he came not, and I have often wondered whither his career, and thus was the course of his that goblin went for rest and consolation." future determined. He did not know — few of us do know at such times — how momentous Early in Besant's career as a novelist he was the decision thus taken. It was only in formed his famous partnership with James after years, looking back to his early manhood, Rice, which lasted for ten years, and resulted that he could realize all that it meant. in as many novels of dual authorship. Of these novels, “ The Chaplain of the Fleet” is “Though I could not suspect the fact, I was about to equip myself — with travel, with the society of all the one that he liked best. Of the novels which kinds of men, with the acquisition of things practical Besant wrote independently, after the death of for the real solid work of my life, which has been his collaborator, he singles out “Dorothy the observation of men and women, and the telling of Foster" as the best, “ The Fourth Generation" stories about them." as the most serious, and “ Children of Gibeon The Mauritius appointment was as professor as the most truthful. Altogether, he produced of mathematics ; the engagement lasted for six eighteen novels in the years between 1882 and years, when Besant returned to England, at 1900. They made him many friends and many the age of thirty-one. He had been making enemies. Looking back upon the whole series, special studies in French literature, and his he gives us this manly and moving statement next piece of work was to put together the of his attitude toward life and the world of essays that made up his book on " Early French “ men: .Poetry.” The publication of this book gave “I think, my work has never yet been gloomy. him literary standing, and his pen was engaged Thank Heaven! I have had less during my life, so far, by various editors from this time on. The to make me gloomy in the sixties than falls to the lot year of its publication also brought him a piece of many men in the thirties. Let me, in what remains of good luck in his appointment to the post of of life, preserve cheerfulness, if only the cheerfulness of common gratitude. No one ought to acknowledge paid secretary to the Palestine Exploration more profoundly than myself the bappiness that has Fund. For eighteen years he occupied this been bestowed upon me; the domestic peace; the free- post, which gave him a modest but sure in- dom from pecuniary troubles; literary success in a come, and left him much time for literary work. measure unhoped-for; a name known all over the ; . During this time he was connected officially English-speaking world; and circles of friends. And — with two matters that made much stir in the enemies as one, at the outset, would desire above all learned world. One was the discovery of the things to make; the spiritualistic fraud with his lying Moabite Stone, the other was the Deuteronomy pretensions and his revelations revealing nothing from forgery of Shapira. His friendship with E. H. the other world; the sickly sentimentalist blubbering over the righteous punishment of the sturdy rogue; and Palmer naturally belongs to this part of his the shrieking sisterhood. They are all my enemies, life, a friendship wbich resulted, after Palmer's and if, at the beginning of life, I had been asked what dramatic taking-off, in one of the most charming enemies I would make — could I have made a better biographies in our language. choice?" Besant's first attempt at novel-writing dates In this nunc dimittis strain the whole nature 1902.] 9 THE DIAL of the man is revealed - its cheerful temper, To say that everything included falls within its robust optimism, its honest hatred of pre. Huxley's admirable definition of science as tense, and its broad humanity. Those who “organized common-sense” is to be expected. enjoyed the honor of Sir Walter's friendship Many of the statements come home with the know that these words are the true index of force of truisms, yet not one is to be passed his strong and lovable character, and seem to lightly by. Who can deny, for example, the hear the living voice once more speaking to crying need for such thought as this ? them from these pages. And now that “he “I detest that conception of social progress which hath attained this also, to be at rest,” the mem- presents as its aim, increase of population, growth of ory of his sincere and helpful life comes back wealth, spread of commerce. In the politico-economic ideal of human existence there is contemplated quan- to us as an inspiration, and makes us delight tity only and not quality. Instead of an immense in the heritage of forthright manliness that he amount of life of low type I would far sooner see half has left us for an example. the amount of life of high type. A prosperity which is exhibited in Board-of-Trade tables, year by year in- WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. creasing their totals, is to a large extent not a pros- perity, but an adversity. Increase in the swarms of people whose existence is subordinated to material de- velopment is rather to be lamented than to be rejoiced THE LATEST AND LAST OF MR. SPENCER'S over." WRITINGS.* This same thought is expanded in another Feelings of the most opposite nature remain direction in the article on “State Education.” after the reading of Mr. Herbert Spencer's As an evolutionist, Mr. Spencer regards the volume of “ Facts and Comments”: thankful. imposition of the book learning of the com- ness that he has been spared so long, sorrow mon schools, — “education artificially pressed " that he is to write no more. The little preface forward,” in his apt phrase, - upon the lower sets forth the reasons for the book. “During classes of Great Britain, as revolutionary and the years spent in writing various systematic causative of great and untoward disturbances works,” he says, “there have from time to in the social state. From the ability to read time arisen ideas not fitted for incorporation being fostered when the ability to think is still in them.” These ideas form the bulk of the undeveloped, he argues the growth of imperial- book, though there is an occasional addendumism, the rise and masterfulness of "yellow to the “Synthetic Philosophy” also included. | journalism," and a number of other evil things. "Possibly to a second edition I shall make So far as he deals with the sort of education some small additions,” he concludes, “ but, be given commonly in state-supported schools, he this as it may, the volume herewith issued I seems to be at one here with Dr. John Dewey can say with certainty will be my last.” And and Miss Jane Addams, who, however, express a fitting end it makes to a great work greatly themselves as holding that the evils complained conceived and greatly done. of grow out of mistakes in the school curricula There are thirty-nine brief essays in “ Facts rather than in education itself. Mr. Walter and Comments," — much briefer, on an aver- H. Page, in a lately published volume, seeks age, than the papers included in the earlier to identify training and education ; and it is volumes like " Illustrations of Universal Pro- here that the fault probably lies and the rem- gress” and “ Essays, Moral, Political, and Æ 3. edy is to be found. Too much book learning , thetic." The widest range is given, making and too little training are doubtless at the bot- the work in general effect a sort of exalted tom of the trouble, and the disposition of the scrap-book. The volume of “Various Frag- British as well as the American people to wan- ments” is also suggested by the treatment der away from paths of common-sense in poli- accorded the topics here. The commercial tics may better be laid to lack of training – world, imperialism vs. righteousness, music i. e., to improper education — rather than to - and literature, art in general, education, lin- education as such. guistics, psychology, meteorology, gymnastics There two interesting chapters on and hygiene, the science of history, religion in “Style," extensions of the well-known essay the broad and undogmatic sense, personal rem- of Mr. Spencer's youth. The first of the two iniscence, and much more of a similar nature, is given up to criticism of the phrasing of cer- will indicate the philosopher's scope. tain extracts from the stylists, Matthew Arnold *Facts AND COMMENTS. By Herbert Spencer. New and Francis Palgrave among them, in disproof York: D. Appleton & Co. of “the current belief that a good style implies 2 - : are > 10 (July 1, THE DIAL a " - linguistic culture — implies classical education « The error is an enormous one. The chief compo- and study of the best models," and counter- nent of mind is feeling. To see this it is necessary to get rid of the wrong connotations which the word mind proof that “the great mass of those who have has acquired, and to use instead its equivalent — con- had the discipline of a university do not write sciousness. Mind properly interpreted is coëxtensive well.” The second of these chapters is a sort with consciousness; all parts of consciousness are parts of criticism of the author's own essay of an of mind. Sensations and emotions are parts of con- earlier day, in which he openly confesses that sciousness, and so far from being its minor components they are its major components." he has not followed his own precepts, and finds his writings obnoxious to his own strictures. Here, perhaps, is to be found the reason for He says in this connection : the decay of pure poetry — which is primarily “ From moment to moment such words and forms of feeling - in popular estimation, and the sub- expression as habit had made natural to me were used stitution for it of didactic verse among many without thought of their conformity or nonconformity persons whose intellect has been developed at to the principles I had espoused. Occasionally, indeed, the of their emotions. expense when revising a manuscript or a proof, one of these But this is as principles has been recalled and has dictated the sub- nothing compared to the further effects of doc- stitution of a word, or the search for a brief phrase to trine, as eloquently set forth by Mr. Spencer replace a long one. But the effect has been extremely in the following paragraph : small. The general traits of my style have remained “ An over-valuation of teaching is necessarily a con- unchanged, notwithstanding my wish to change some of them. There is substantial truth in the French say- comitant of this erroneous interpretation of mind. ing. Varying it somewhat, we may say : Style is or- Everywhere the cry is - - Educate, educate, educate! Everywhere the belief is that by such culture as schools ganic. Doubtless organization may be modified, but furnish, children, and therefore adults, can be moulded the function, like the structure, retains its fundamental into the desired shapes. It is assumed that when men characters." are taught what is right, they will do what is right - Another interesting question, and one of that a proposition intellectually accepted will be morally more importance to contemporaneous literature operative. And yet this conviction, contradicted by than is at first apparent, is discussed thus : every-day experience, is at variance with an every-day Up to 1860 my books and review articles were axiom — the axiom that each faculty is strengthened by written. Since then they have all been dictated. There exercise of it — intellectual power by intellectual action, is a prevailing belief that dictation is apt to cause dif. and moral power by moral action. The current notion fuseness, and I think the belief is well founded. It is that these causes and effects can be transposed — was once remarked to me by two good judges — the that assent to an injunction will be followed by exercise Leweses — that the style of Social Statics is better of the correlative feeling. . . . It seems, however, that than the style of my later works, and, assuming this this unlimited faith in teaching is not to be changed by opinion to be true, the contrast may, I think, be as- facts. Though in presence of multitudinous schools, cribed to the deteriorating effect of dictation. A recent high and low, we have the rowdies and Hooligans, the experience strengthens me in this conclusion. When savage disturbers of meetings, the adulterators of food, finally revising First Principles, which was dictated, the the givers of bribes and receivers of corrupt commis- cutting out of superfluous words, clauses, sentences, sions, the fraudulent solicitors, the bubble companies, and sometimes paragraphs, had the effect of abridging yet the current belief continues unweakened; and re- the work by fifty pages about one-tenth." cently in America an outcry respecting the yearly in- crease of crime was joined with an avowed determina- One of the most interesting papers in the tion not to draw any inferences adverse to their educa- book is that on “Feeling versus Intellect." tional system. But the refusal to recognize the futility Beginning with an anecdote of Professor Hux- of mere instruction as a means to moralization is most ley concerning the unexpectedly large brain of strikingly shown by ignoring the conspicuous fact that after two thousand years of Christian exhortations, the porpoise, Mr. Spencer goes on to show that uttered by a hundred thousand priests throughout Eu- this brain capacity, “ seemingly out of all re- rope, pagan ideas and sentiments remain rampant, from lation to the creature's needs,” is due to the emperors down to tramps. Principles admitted in unusual amount of feeling which it manifests, theory are scorned in practice. Forgiveness is voted and then goes on to discuss a popular and dishonorable. An insult must be wiped out by blood: the obligation being so peremptory that an officer is egregious error. expelled from the army for even daring to question it. “ There has grown up universally an identification of And in international affairs the sacred duty of revenge, mind with intelligence. Partly because the guidance supreme with the savage, is supreme also with the so- of our actions by thought is so conspicuous, and partly called civilized." because speech, which occupies so large a space in our lives, is a vehicle that makes thought predominant to If space availed, it would be worth while ourselves and others, we are led to suppose that the showing the amplification of this last idea in thought element of mind is its chief element; an ele- the treatment of such cries as that attributed ment often excluding from recognition every other. to Stephen Decatur, Jr., “ My country, right Consequently, when it is said that the brain is the organ of the mind, it is assumed that the brain is or wrong!” It would certainly be profitable chiefly if not wholly the organ of the intellect. to show the connection noted in the title of the . - > > 1902.] 11 THE DIAL 66 > a paper on Imperialism and Slavery." In Franco-Prussian War. Such a division, espe- other fields, the general disregard of the part cially the extremely brief treatment of me- played by the individual in the development of diæval Germany, is not to be commended. world-resources by socialists and collectivists It may have seemed unnecessary to Mr. Hen- generally deserves consideration. And so does derson to devote much space to ground covered the general conclusion arrived at in respect of more fully in his earlier volume; but as that art, that its function as an amusement is suffi. work is not mentioned as introductory to this, cient justification for its existence. he seems to have committed, in a different Generally speaking, the book shows the way, the error he urges against German writers same openness and receptivity to new impres- of presupposing“ more knowledge than is usu- sions that have been so marked a part of Mr. ally to be found in American readers.' Due Spencer's mental equipment throughout his regard for symmetry might well have dictated career as a philosopher, and with this a devel- a fuller treatment of the formation of German opment of feeling for right and a refusal to be institutions; otherwise the title should have governed by opportunity rather than principle shown that the book dealt chiefly with modern as welcome as they are rare. times. So, too, a better sense of proportion WALLACE RICE. would have forbidden so brief a mention of the attempts made under Maximilian to reform the constitution at the end of the fifteenth century, while the Landsknechts are described at some A SHORT HISTORY OF GERMANY.* length. So important a fact as the introduc- In 1894, when Mr. Ernest F. Henderson tion of the Roman law is simply touched upon; wrote the preface to his “ History of Germany its far-reaching and permanent consequences in the Middle Ages,” he appended a note to are not emphasized as they deserve. the effect that he intended that volume “ to be The first impression made by the book is, the precursor of two others covering the whole however, its readableness. Mr. Henderson's of German history.” That intention is now style is generally clear, although now and then realized, and the two handsome volumes of Mr. ambiguous sentences or annoying mannerisms, Henderson's “Short History of Germany especially in the use of pronouns, are to be are before us. noted. Thus, the sentence (Vol. II., p. 106), In his preface, the author questions whether “ It proved a phantom that Frederick the usual choice of the history of France as William was chasing; the last of the Pfalz- a guiding thread through the intricacies of Neuburgers outlived himself, and his son,' general European history” is justifiable. In etc. The author intends to say that the King the mediæval period, he argues, the Empire did not live to see the extinction of the male and the Papacy were the great factors ; while line in the house in question ; though that is the larger interests in modern times were the hardly made clear by his syntax. But such Reformation and the Thirty Years' War, the quibbles aside, it may be said that the interest men whose work has proved permanent were of the book is extraordinarily well sustained. Frederick the Great and William I. It is In the portrayal of single dramatic incidents, therefore a fair inference that he offers his of remarkable scenes, the author is not only treatment of German history as furnishing this at his best, but shows real power. An excel- labyrinthine clue, which every student certainly lent illustration of this is the account of the needs; and from this point of view a few words corpses displayed to Frederick William in his are in order. castle-yard after the barricade fights at Berlin First, as to the general plan. Apparently, in 1848. since the earlier work extended to the end of But this very effort at striking description the great inter-regnum, the new history gives becomes at times a source of weakness, leading only a rapid survey of that period, devoting to as it does to a collocation of facts, perfectly it only a hundred and twenty pages, while the correct in themselves but easily suggesting an remainder of the first volume some three inaccurate or incorrect inference. Thus, the hundred and seventy pages — brings the nar- . remains of the lake-dwellers and those at Hall. rative down to the Peace of Westphalia. The statt are spoken of as if they were the earliest second volume continues it to the close of the sources of knowledge regarding the Germans. * A SHORT HISTORY OF GERMANY. By Ernest F. Hen- The probability is that in the latter case the derson. In two volumes. New York: The Macmillan Co. remains are Celtic; while, as far as the former a 12 [July 1, THE DIAL a are concerned, lake-dwellings have been found but to some, at least, of the newspaper para- in so many parts of Europe, as well as in abo-graphers, the title of the book has suggested a riginal America, that no valid conclusions re- comparision with Green's “Short History of garding distinctively German civilization can the English People.” Such a comparison is be drawn. But a more important case in point unfortunate, for it only tends to emphasize is found in the pages on Luther's disputation “what might have been.” The student who at Leipzig. Mr. Henderson relates how the gets his introduction to English history from great Reformer once came upon a book by Green may need to supplement his knowledge Huss, and, slamming it to, thrust it away as with a summary of political events, but he gets a thing of evil; he follows this at once by the a grasp of the fundamental causes, a clear statement that Luther was now " forced to picture of the growth of a mighty nation, a acknowledge ... that many of these teach. broad background for understanding its na- ings were right christian and evangelical.” |tional life as expressed in English literature of Now both statements are true, but the natural the past and present. All this is lacking in Mr. inference that the two acts followed close upon Henderson's book. He gives the political out- each other is not correct. Luther had come line, the facts as they are stated and accepted gradually to see that he must admit that Huss by the most scholarly modern authorities. was in many points right; he made, however, What he does not give us is the growth of in- no sudden change of base. Instances of a simi- dividuals, the development of society with all lar nature might easily be multiplied ; but the its shifting and changing elements which give one is enough to suggest what seems perhaps to each age its peculiar character. But of his- the greatest defect in the work — the lack of - torians like Green there have been few; nor careful analysis of causes and of characters. does the training of German universities con- Individuals stand out in bold outline, but in a tribute largely to their making. Mr. Hender- man like Luther the development of his opin- son has, however, given us an excellent, read- ions is a matter of the greatest importance. able, and trustworthy account of the course of What we have is the distinctness of a “snap- political events in Germany, the best in the shot” rather than the life-like reality of a English language, and one that deserves and portrait which suggests the struggles that ma- will have a place in every library and on the tured the man. shelves of every student who is interested in In another respect the book is distinctly the story of the Fatherland. disappointing, — in the little space devoted to - LEWIS A. RHOADES. the Culturgeschichte of the German people. The chapter on the Age of Chivalry, for ex- ample, contains an array of facts regarding the THE BASIS OF SOCIAL RELATIONS.* life of various classes ; but the expression of It is pleasing to note the increasing interest that life in the great epics of the day is quite in anthropological study in America, where the inadequately treated. Excepting a page or subject is rapidly taking its place in the uni- two in Parzival, the literature of the period is versities as an independent scientific branch. hardly mentioned. The Nibelungenlied is not The persistent and valuable work of the Bureau named, nor are the great court epics and the of Ethnology furnishes a foundation for this, Minnesingers discussed. More satisfactory are and gives inspiration to instructors and investi- the pages on the intellectual conditions at the gators. America is the true home of the sci- beginning of the Reformation, particularly the paragraphs on the “ Letters of Obscure Men”; anthropological study. It is naturally to be ence of Ethnology, an important branch of but the literary significance of Luther's trans- expected, therefore, that our universities and lation of the Bible is only incidentally touched colleges should include this subject in their cur- upon, and its national importance, in preserving ricula, not only as an independent culture study a common idiom for north and south Germany, but also as a necessary support to more widely is entirely passed over. So, too, even the extended studies in Sociology. names of Lessing, Goethe, and Schiller do not The well-known contributions to Anthro- occur in the index to the second volume. It pology made by the late Dr. Daniel G. Brin- would seem, indeed, that the title of the work ton have received another addition in this ought to contain a qualifying adjective and read, “ A Short Political History of Germany." Psychology. By Daniel G. Brinton. Edited by Livingston * The Basis of SOCIAL RELATIONS. A Study in Ethnic It was doubtless not intended by the author, Farrand. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1902.] 13 THE DIAL But the argu- recent posthumous work on “ The Basis of the group-mind, is a product of social relations, Social Relations.” Dr. Brinton's services to a result of aggregation, and cannot be fully the science of Anthropology need no commen- explained by the process of the individual dation. The present work, however, does not mind. The resemblances between them are show him at his best. The book contains many analogies, not homologies. analogies, not homologies. They act and re- interesting chapters more or less disconnected, act on one another with a force of independent as if it were the first draft of the book, or at psychic entities.” He endeavors to show the least as if the work had not yet received the influence of the ethnic mind on the individual, finishing touches from the author's pen. While “to bring it in rapport with itself, to make it it contains much useful information, and is conform to the mass, to expunge, in fact, all suggestive of many unique and striking char- that is individual within it." acteristics of the nature of groups of individ- ment is not conclusive, for the individual mind uals, it is somewhat wanting in unity and sci- still maintains its independent activity, the entific poise. source of the psychic forces of society. Part I. treats of the cultural history of the While the book is valuable in its suggestive- ethnic mind, in which the author proceeds to ness in many directions, its main thesis, which urge the unity of the human mind and then to assumes the independence of the ethnic mind, show that there is an ethnic mind to which the is not conclusively proved; and if it is true that individual mind bears a specific relation. He ethnic psychology has a place among the exact demonstrates quite conclusively the universal sciences, as the author claims, he has not dem- ity of mental characteristics, and in the very onstrated that fact by the book. interesting discussion following he seeks to FRANK W. BLACKMAR. show that there is a true ethnic mind, a trans- cendent ego beyond the individual and over which the individual has no control. In order to do this he has enlarged the conception of THE HISTORY AND MYSTERY OF LACE.* “ethnic,” making it represent any group of people closely related by social environment, One of the most sumptuous books of the - which, from the standpoint of an anthro- year is a new edition of Mrs. Bury Palliser's pologist, is an unfair assumption. Race, from “ History of Lace," enlarged and partly re- a scientific standpoint, certainly refers to per. written by M. Jourdain and Alice Dryden. manent stock, and indeed is something more By bringing the history up to date and cor- than consanguineal relations. Hence it is much recting whatever errors modern research has more limited than common social relations. In discovered, the present editors have retained other words, the author has substituted socius the encyclopædic character of the information ; for ethnos, and has passed from the field of while by added illustrations, many of them - Anthropology into the field of pure Sociology. full page plates, they have lent the volume While he assumes that there is a distinct eth something of the value of a cabinet of old lace. nic mind, he has not demonstrated that there Indeed, the lover of lace will derive from is anything more than conscious thinking, feel. these marvellously delicate photographs a joy ing, and willing together of the so-called ethnic scarcely inferior to that called forth by real Brussels and Mechlin. group. What he presents is interesting, but it is better presented by the sociologists through available by a chapter-division according to The vast mass of fact in the book is made a study of the social mind; for, indeed, our author is forced to leave the ethnic basis for countries, and a fairly orderly history in each the social basis. chapter of the particular kind or kinds of lace The chapter on the physiological variation which the country has produced from early in the ethnic mind is especially thoughtful and times to the present day. The division ac- interesting, presenting as it does ideals or types, cording to reigns of the parts which deal with France and England, cuts across this main plan and the general conformity of the ethnic group to customs, habits, and thoughts. Also in the rather confusingly, but perhaps could not have been avoided. The most interesting chapters second part, which treats of the natural his- tory of the ethnic mind, the chapters on social are those at the beginning, which trace the de- and geographical environment show the results * HISTORY OF LACE. By Mrs. Bury Palliser. Entirely of close observation. In the former the author revised, re-written, and enlarged, under the editorship of M. Jourdain and Alice Dryden. Illustrated. New York: Im- holds with some force “ that ethnic psychology, ported by Charles Scribner's Sons. a a 14 [July 1, THE DIAL velopment of lace — as far as that development in many cases inaugurated the craft, treasured can be traced — from embroidery and cut- its products when they were out of fashion, and work; and those on Italy, Flanders, Alençon, also, alas! having often set the fashion of ex. and Argentan. The work is largely antiqua- travagant display. Even the Puritans have rian, and the fulness of reference to wardrobe set their characteristic stamp on the industry, rolls, inventories, bills, orders, and letters, not for it was a fair Puritan of whom Jasper to mention plays and poems, shows the spirit Mayne wrote, in the days of King James, - of research in its most strenuous mood. To “She works religious petticoats; for flowers She'll make church histories." the ordinary novice in lace, the technical part of the work is the least satisfactory; but if one The deepest industrial problems underlie comes to the end without being able always to the decay of lace-making, which took place in tell bobbin-lace from point-lace, he should all countries at times varying from the middle doubtless blame his own obtuseness, and not of the eighteenth to the middle of the nine- attribute lack of clearness to the authors. To teenth century. The revival in many places the initiate, Mrs. Palliser's minute technical has also been due to industrial causes. We knowledge will be as inspiring as it has been read that " Irish point owes its genesis to the in previous editions of her book. failure of the potato crop in 1846,” — an For most readers, the greatest virtue of the association of cause and effect which the ordi- book will be found in its incidents rather than nary philosopher would not have suspected. its main purpose. The most un-lacified critic In many such times of distress, some philan- will wonder after reading it, why he never be thropist has searched out one or two old fore looked at the world from the lace point of women who made lace in their youth, and per- view. Certainly toward individuals this point of suaded them to teach younger fingers the half- view is most gracious. For example, Catherine forgotten stitches. There again is a field for de Medicis appears to unusual advantage teach- romance. At present the problem in lace- ing fine needlework to her daughters and to making, as in all other handicrafts, is how to Mary of Scotland. Admiral Nelson takes on an prevent the cheaper machine product from dis- unaccustomed charm of domesticity when we placing the fabric of skill and delight. see him buying a lace shawl for his wife. And Mrs. Palliser's book, which is primarily Browning's name has an added endearment technical, touches these questions only inci. when we know that he founded a school of lace- dentally. But that it does touch them, and making for the peasant girls of Asolo. Some always with the accurate prick of fact, gives day a novelist will discover the possibilities of it wider significance than it could otherwise a lace background, and give us the romance of have, and renders it pleasureable as well as Barbara Uttman’s introduction of lace-making illuminating to the general reader. into Germany, or of Gustaf Erikson's narrow MAY ESTELLE COOK. escape from being betrayed by his lace collar. Underneath these suggestions of romance are those of more serious import. An impor- BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. tant chapter in the history of art might be writ- Ireland has kitchen-middens, shell- ten on the development of lace patterns from the geometric designs of Greek lace through mounds, and refuse-heaps, that have and legend. the architectural period of Italian and French æologist. They are the monuments of tribes that yielded invaluable prizes to the arch- lace, and the incidental reign of the "frying. occupied the island at an almost inconceivably re- pan and turkey-tail patterns” in English mote period of time, - men of the Paleolithic or Honiton, to the prevalence of designs from Older Stone Age, cannibals, ignorant of the art of nature. Many chapters of political history are pottery, and possibly ignorant of the use of fire. involved in the story of this most delicate of Yet they had some idea of a continued existence handicrafts, — the laying and removing of after death, which constitutes the norm of a relig- ious faith. From this norm, more or less com- lace night-caps to keep their subjects from plex systems of religion were developed among wearing lace collars, and even the Revolution the various races occupying the land in succession, which followed the time when the daughter of Formorians or Fomorians, Firbolgs, Danaans, Milesians and others, none of them wholly ex- Louis XV. spent £25,000 for the lace-trimmed terminating the precedent races or obliterating the linen of ber trousseau. The church has had features of their religion. It was in the fifth century large share in the story, having fostered and of our present era that Christianity was introduced Irish lore protective tariffs, the failing power of kings in one . 1902.] 15 THE DIAL of modern into the island by one of the three saints, traditions antiquarian stage, and since its correlation to phil- of whom have been worked by the monastic hagi- ology, archæology, ethnology, and history are fully ologists into a strange olla podrida, or Irish stew, recognized, we may congratulate ourselves that all that serves as the biography of Patrick, the Patron these traces of the Elder Faiths have been preserved Saint of Ireland. In his “Pagan Ireland, an Arch- in order that they may be studied and may tell us æological Sketch: a Handbook of Irish Pre-Chris- much more of the past than we should otherwise tian Antiquities,” Colonel W. G. Wood-Martin, know. Christian teachers, no less than others, will M.R.I.A., gave us several years ago a graphic de- acknowledge their indebtedness to the patient toil of scription of this religion. It was a religion full of Colonel Wood-Martin in collecting the vast material superstitions. How could it have been otherwise? for his volumes, and presenting it with illustrations Colonel Wood-Martin now gives us a fuller knowl. numbering more than 180, with a bibliography cit- edge of the same subject, in two sumptuous vol. ing more than 900 titles, and with a helpful index umes on the “Traces of the Elder Faiths of Ire- to each volume. land” (Longmans), which he also calls “A Folklore A history “ English Music in the XIXth Cen- Sketch” and a “ Handbook of Irish Pre-Christian tury” (Dutton), by Mr. J. A. Fuller Traditions.” In the former work he ransacked the English music. Maitland, is the first of a series of kitchen-middens. In the more recent companion volumes intended to give an account, as exhaust- volumes he investigates the lore and legends and ive as possible, of the progress of music and mu- the superstitious practices of the Irish, with a view sical knowledge during the last century in such to a more perfect knowledge of their religion. His countries as England, France, Germany and Aus- contention is that though Christianity is generally tria, Italy, the Slavonic lands, Scandinavia, and supposed to have annihilated heathenism in Ireland, the United States. In the introduction of the in- "in reality it merely smoothed over and swallowed itial volume, the editor voices the optimistic view its victim, and the contour of its prey, as in the that in England musical knowledge has increased case of the boa-constrictor, can be distinctly traced 80 fast, and become so comparatively widespread, under the glistening colours of its beautiful skin. that the country bids fair to reoccupy that posi- Paganism still exists, it is merely inside instead of tion which she has not held since the day of outside.” And in support of this contention we have Purcell, Purcell," for music is slowly but surely be- two octavo volumes aggregating more than 700 coming again an integral part of the life of the pages of text, comprising a most entertaining col- people.” With the single exception of the inor- lection of superstitious practices, legends, traditions, dinate love of foreign as compared with English and folk-lore. We have no fault whatever to find music, the general artistic atmosphere of the with the theory Colonel Wood-Martin seeks to main country was by no means a low one, and the reason tain. But it is somewhat anachronistic in him to that no great works were produced during the first suppose that he is maintaining it in the face of what half of the century must be sought elsewhere than he is pleased to call “the theologians." The aver- in any public indifference to the art; however, it age theologian of the present day is no stickler for does not take a lengthy explanation to show the Archbishop Ussher's Chronology. He readily ad- reader of the present day how complete in the ear- mits, and without fear of ecclesiastical censure, that lier part of the century was the severance of the the worship of the heathen was rendered to some operatic stage from anything that could make for object which symbolized a debased and unworthy the interests of English art in any form. In a chap- conception of Deity, and that the same worship ter on church composers, Mr. Maitland points out might laudably be rendered to the true God; and that until quite late in the last century the music of that many usages of heathen times have been the English Church was a thing by itself; the an- adopted by the Church and endowed with Chris- them was a form distinctly and characteristically tian meaning. The modern "theologian” distinctly English. “If the musical influence of the English calls attention to the fact that the earliest Christian Church is less than it was, the cause is to be found art was largely an adaptation of such heathen sym- in the wider artistic views of the average musician, bols as might be converted readily to the teaching and it is probably an inevitable result of the Renais- of Christian truths. As with matters of public fes- sance that the noble traditions of the past should tivals and in the use of art, 80 with countless minor seem to suffer.” Yet, after all, is it not true that usages which had become a part of man's mental there would be a nearer approach to a reconciliation habit toward those mysterious questions as to man's between conflicting interests if there was a closer existence which lay at the base of primitive religion. sympathy between the standard of music within No country on the face of the earth is richer in the church and that of educated society outside ? legendary lore than Ireland. Some of it is, so far Church music thrives best when it retains a con- as is known, peculiar to the Irish people. Some of scious touch with the large musical movements of it is possessed in common with all Indo-European the world. Taking a prospective view, the author . races. It has been preserved, in one form or an- believes that the main evils of the country's musical other, by oral tradition among the unlettered, since life are threefold: first, the diffusion of public in- long before the Christian era. And now that the terests ; second, the bane of professionalism; and science of folk-lore has advanced beyond its merely I third, the fungus of commercialism. And, as a a 16 [July 1, THE DIAL for the implica to be the example of appreciating from the front a rimante value to hurehanity, and expe an astronomer. parting admonition, he expresses the belief that that Lombroso, with his years of study, has finally music in England is the only one of the arts that been forced to renounce his favorite assumption has a vivid life at the present that there is a universal criminal type distinguished English set -. Nevertheless, native attainment, if that attainment is ever to en- joy, what English music has never yet obtained, the cially to the science of criminology. Probably, in a wide recognition of the rest of the world. On the different way, Miss Kellor's work will prove of in- whole, Mr. Maitland has skilfully drawn from a estimable value to the study of social pathology. somewhat abundant material only that which can The book throws much light upon the penal system lend color and form to the characterization of his of the South, the causes of crime, and the increase subject. The book is not a mere conglomeration of criminality among women. It points out the of odds and ends, having no definite purpose in defects in penal and correctional systems, and sug. view, but a finely composed mosaic, each part being gets methods of preventing crime. It is a valuable carefully fitted to its neighbor, and its separate contribution to sociological literature. value and identity made to subserve the general effect, tracing the history and progress of English Professor Jacoby's volume of “Prac- music during the nineteenth century. Practical talks by tical Talks by an Astronomer”. (Scribner) consists of a series of Studies in Sociologists have pointed out from eighteen chatty essays on various astronomical Experimental time to time the necessity of collect- topics of popular interest, appearing originally in Sociology. ing a large number of data, and of periodicals. The subjects handled are such as “ The a demonstrating from observation the principles in- Pole-star,” “Galileo,” “ Photography in Astron- ” volved. Too much of our sociology is merely the omy,” “The Heliometer,” “ The Moon Hoax," philosophy of society expounded in the class-room; 6. The Sun's Destination," etc. Technicalities are good, wholesome culture-study it is, but not calcu- eschewed, and matters difficult of explanation are lated to give definite character to the science. This handled in 80 deft a fashion that the reader is must come from a careful scientific investigation of unconscious of mental strain. The information con- society as it is, rather than from a philosophy about veyed is up to date, and generally accurate. Occa- society in the ideal. The recent work by Miss sionally there is a slight error which will scarcely Frances Kellor on “Experimental Sociology escape the notice of a critical reader. For example, (Macmillan) is one of the boldest attempts of mod- the first sentence on page 89 is erroneous through ern times to study abnormal society from an neglect of the effect of refraction. Again, on page perimental" standpoint, or, what would seem a more 148 we read concerning unimpeded sea-waves that appropriate expression, from the standpoint of sci- “they consist simply of particles of water moving entific investigation. This kind of investigation is straight up and down." On page 189, in line 6 in this domain the most difficult in the whole range from below, for “impossible” one should read of science. The chemist has control of the elements “possible.” Remembering the uncertainty of our with which he works; the botanist can analyze the knowledge as to the exact location of the sun's plant with little difficulty, destroying it if neces- goal, one is rather astonished to read on pages sary; the zoologist may make the forms of animal 222–3 the following statement: “A tiny circle life entirely subservient to science; but the sociolo- might be drawn on the sky, to which an astronomer gist must be dependent upon the whims of human might point his hand and say, “Yonder little circle beings or the caprices of society for his knowledge. contains the goal toward which the sun and planets He may watch and observe what individuals do in are hastening to-day.'”. Despite these and a few their social capacity, but he has no power to dissect other inaccuracies of the sort, Professor Jacoby's society or force it through experiments, as the an- essays may be characterized as in the main trust. atomist does the cat, the biologist the bacteria, the worthy; they are also fresh and readable. zoologist the frog, or the botanist the plant. Espe- cially difficult is the study of the broken parcels or Records of Enthusiasm over a concordance, a remnants of humanity, such as the delinquents or tender and devoted friendship owing criminals, which Miss Kellor has had the courage friendship. its origin to an index, a ten-years' to attempt. Lombroso, Corre, and others in Europe, affectionate correspondence between a gifted En- have done much to throw light upon the subject of glish woman and an American admirer thirty years criminals, but no one in America has before at- her senior, - this is the novel spectacle afforded tempted to systematically study female offenders. us by the “ Letters to an Enthusiast” (McClurg), Miss Kellor has gone about from prison to prison, written between 1850 and 1861 by Mary Cowden opening laboratories for the study of delinquents. Clarke to Robert Balmanno of New York. A scrap While the results are not final, — for, indeed, the of the manuscript of Mrs. Clarke's "Shakespeare work is considered by the author as only a begin- Concordance” had come into Balmanno's hands ning, -- it points the way to a system of thorough through Douglas Jerrold's intervention, and the investigation. While there are many discouraging happy recipient acknowledged the favor by sending features in final conclusions, it must be remembered the lady a handsome present, — six gold pens and ex- 6 an ideal 1902.) 17 THE DIAL the house of Stuart. > a two fine pen-bolders. She, ignorant of the donor's companion volume, is made up from lectures de- name and sex, responded by addressing a letter of livered to the students of the Manchester Munici. thanks “ To The American Enthusiast, New York | pal School of Art, deals with the various elements City,” which, to the great credit of our postal service, of composition, and explains, perhaps as well as is safely reached its destination. Hence the present possible in a book, the considerations which the volume. Mrs. Clarke admits in one of her letters designer should take chiefly into account. If it that she and Charles are poor hands at collecting, falls somewhat short of being a comprehensive and utterly unenthusiastic on the subject of auto- treatise, the author tells us that his intention is to graphs. Therefore the one-sidedness of this pub- be suggestive and helpful without attempting to be lished correspondence. Only one of Balmanno's exhaustive in dealing with a subject which, as he letters was preserved, and we feel much like the truly says, “it would be difficult enough to ex- listener to a telephone conversation, our ears catch- haust.” It would therefore be invidious to com- ing only what is spoken into the transmitter. If plain that we must look elsewhere for insight into the editor, Mrs. Anne Upton Nettleton, could have the higher qualities, such as harmonic proportions added more explanatory notes (she gives a few), and line and space ideas, which nevertheless are our indebtedness to her would be completer. Her fundamental to good art. introduction and index are helpful. A remarkable feature of this friendship, - a friendship that grew Daughters of While avowedly indebted to Mr. ever warmer as the years passed, — is that the Gardiner's great seventeenth-cen- friends never met. Each was married, with home tury history, and to the well-known ties and duties, but each reserved a warm corner of works of Miss Strickland and Mrs. Everett-Green, the heart for the transatlantic friend. To Mrs. “Five Stuart Princesses” (Dutton), written by five Clarke her correspondent was “Dear Enthusiast,” Oxford men, including the general editor, Mr. and to Balmanno she was his “ daughter-in-love.” Robert S. Rait, is a compilation of more than Many a charming glimpse of the happy home-life ordinary merit. The available authorities seem to at Bayswater is given us. The two Shakespearians have been conscientiously consulted, and each bio- were indeed “a pair of married lovers.” The graphy presents both a character sketch of its sub- literary enthusiasms of Mrs. Clarke lend her let. ject and a view of the political and social conditions ters no small part of their charm. She delights of the time. Elizabeth of Bohemia, daughter of in Bryant as a “true poet.” She always kisses James I.; Mary of Orange, daughter of Charles I. Douglas Jerrold's handwriting when she sees it. and mother of William III.; Henrietta of Orleans, She has the greatest admiration for Leigh Hunt. a younger sister of the foregoing; and Sophia of She speaks often of “beloved and honoured Charles Hanover, granddaughter of James I. and mother and Mary Lamb.” If we have not now made our of George I., — these four comprise a somewhat readers long for the book, we give them up in de nearly related group of royal dames of the seven- spair. It is admirable summer reading. teenth century. To them has been added a fif. teenth-century princess, Margaret, daughter of Mr. Walter Crane's text-books on Books for James I. of Scotland, and dauphine of France. “The Bases of Design ” and “Line Her story is little known, and is well worth re- of design. and Form” have been reissued by the peating. The book will be all the more welcome Macmillan Co. in a new and cheaper form, which because of the interest in several of its characters is quite as serviceable if not as sumptuous as the aroused by recent historical studies from the pens first editions, published respectively in 1898 and of Mr. W. H. Wilkins, Mrs. Henry Ady, M. Jus- 1900. In spite of obvious deficiencies, these books serand, and others. Eight portraits and a view of may be commended as among the best elementary Princess Margaret's tomb accompany the text. aids to the study of design that are available. In- tended primarily to trace the relationship between When Lord Avebury (who has 80 the various arts of design and their dependence on English recently been elevated to the peer- upon the same underlying principles, the field cov. age that we are wont to think of ered in “The Bases of Design” is necessarily a him still as Sir John Lubbock, the banker, states- wide one, and the attempt to treat it even gener- man, scientific investigator, and member of more ally within the limits of a single volume gives a than a score of scientific societies) writes a book, discursive character to the work and results in a we may expect something worth reading. For he lack of proportion between the several branches of succeeds where most writers upon scientific subjects the subject; of this, however, the author is fully fail, in making natural history interesting to the conscious. Notwithstanding this limitation, the work average reader by writing in a style suited alike to is one of much practical value, and has the advan- the scientific and the unscientific mind. His recent tage of having been written by an artist and not “The Scenery of England and the Causes by one whose knowledge is only at second-hand; to Which It Is Due” (Macmillan) does not disap- the principles inculcated are sound, and much use- point us. It is a large book, containing more than ful technical information is introduced by way of 500 pages well illustrated and helpfully indexed. illustration, “ Line and Form,” which, like its It is furthermore supplied with a glossary of terms the student Sir John Lubbock scenery. book on a 18 (July 1, THE DIAL they > " bat so popular is the author's style that in most Throughout the country, historical material of the ut- cases the glossary has but to refer to a page of his most importance is being recklessly or ignorantly de- text, where the term will be found fully explained. stroyed, and a systematic effort should be made every- The book is of the same general character as the where to arrest this vandalism. It is highly encouraging to note the efforts made by Mississippi with this end in author's "Scenery of Switzerland and the Causes view, and there are not a few States, even in the North, to Which It Is Due," and Sir Archibald Geikie's that might profit by this Southern example. “Scenery of Scotland Viewed in Connection with The publishers of the “ Athenæum Press Series," its Physical Geography.” It is, in fact, a history Messrs. Ginn & Co., have done wisely in commissioning of scenery; and to the lovers of scenery the de- a volume of “Selections from De Quincey” for that lights of a beautiful landscape will be greatly en- admirable collection of English masterpieces. De hanced by the knowledge which may be derived Quincey is past the stage in which his works are likely from this book of the natural causes that have to be read (or even possessed) as a whole ; yet there been operating for ages for the production of moun- are things among them that no lover of good literature tain, river, lake, plain, forest, and coast-line. For would willingly let die. Dr. Milton Haight Turk is the editor of the present volume, which is a substantial the knowledge of physical geography and physical one, offering four hundred pages of text, besides fifty geology into which Lord Avebury initiates his read- of introduction and another bundred of notes. We ers may be applied to scenery all over the world. have here the “Confessions," selections from the And this book, no less than others by the same Suspiria,” several autobiographical and reminiscent author, stimulates the reader to observe closely chapters, and two or three of the more popular mis- what has been going on in the world about him. cellaneous papers. He may find that even law and custom have not The Department of Superintendence of the National been without their influence upon the scenery of Educational Association met in Chicago last February the land in which he lives, and that local divisions for a three days' session. The proceedings of the con- and the sites of towns are closely related to the ference are now published in separate form, pending their later appearance in the annual volume of the causes that have shaped the features of a land- Association. Among the papers read, we note as of scape. special importance the following : “ Obstacles to Edu- It is doubtful if Judith and her cational Progress,” by Professor Paul H. Hanus; “ The "Judith's American garden can win the hearts Value of Examinations as Determining a Teacher's Garden," Fitness for Work,” by Superintendent E. G. Cooley; of the public as did Elizabeth with “ The Ideal Normal School,” by Professor W. H. Payne; her German garden. Both England and America “The Danger of Using Biological Analogies in Reason- have furnished us with ample, with almost sur- ing on Educational Subjects,” by Commissioner W. T. feiting accounts of the disasters and delights of Harris; “ Altruism as a Law of Education,” by Prin- garden-making at the hands of inexperienced and cipal Arnold Tompkins; and “ The High School as the sentimental young wives; with full records of their People's College," by President G. Stanley Hall. pleasant and even flippant conversations on garden The new Dodge lectureship at Yale on "The Re- topics with their patient husbands ; with a proper sponsibilities of Citizenship ” is well begun by a general touch of comedy in their altercations and collab- course on “ American Citizenship,” given by Justice orations with gardeners of foreign birth, whether Brewer of the Federal Supreme Court, and now pub- Irish or German. It amused us once or thrice; but lished in a small volume by Messrs. Scribner's Sons. As the author says in his preface, it is made up of “ a we fear Judith must act out her little part to a scant- few plain, simple, commonplace truths in respect to ily filled house, notwithstanding the fact that the those responsibilities,” but these truths are so put as book is in many ways a good one, with many pages to appeal to college men and to earnest young men in of interest for garden-lovers and garden-workers, general. The truths enforced are the obligations of and some clever word-painting. In outward form, citizenship, especially the maintenance of a good char- the volume is most attractive. Each page is en- acter, service, obedience, and the duty of striving to closed in a decorative border of appropriate green, better the life of the nation. This last lecture is very and there are a number of charming illustrations inspiring, making a strong appeal to young men to in color. (Lothrop Co.) cherish high ideals of national and social life, and to do their utmost to bring the realities into harmony with them. A fragment (two chapters and the beginning of a third) of “ The Moores,” a projected novel by Charlotte BRIEFER MENTION. Brontë, serves as the pretext for a new edition of the complete writings of this novelist. Mr. W. Robertson The Mississippi Historical Society (Mr. Franklin L. Nicoll is the editor, and Messrs. Dodd, Mead, & Co. Riley, secretary) sends us Volume V. of its Publica- are the American publishers. Other unpublished frag- tions, consisting of an inventory of historical material ments are also promised, a very doubtful boon. Dr. relating to the State, whether held in public or private Nicoll's introductions aim to connect Charlotte Brontë's hands. Prepared by many hands, under the direction life with her books, and the editor bas made use of all of the Mississippi Historical Commission, this document the biographical material that is now ever likely to is of great value to students of Southern history, and be available. “Jane Eyre,” in a bandsome volume of represents a useful form of activity that every State in over five hundred pages, is the initial volume of this the Union should undertake while there is yet time. edition. " 1902.] 19 THE DIAL > “ The Service,” an essay by Thoreau hitherto un- published, is issued in a finely-printed volume from the Merrymount Press by Mr. Charles E. Goodspeed, Bos- ton. Originally submitted to " The Dial” in 1840, but declined by Margaret Fuller (then editing that perio- dical) for reasons not altogether obvious, the manu- script of “ The Service" passed into Emerson's hands, and later came into the possession of Mr. F. B. San- born, the editor of the present publication. The essay is distinctly worthy the beautiful dress now given it, and collectors should hasten to secure copies of the limited edition in which it is issued. >) " NOTES. Kingsley's “Westward Ho!”in two volumes, appears in the “ Temple Classics " series, imported by the Mac- millan Co. “Life and Health,” by Dr. Albert F. Blaisdell, is a new“ temperance” text-book of physiology for schools, published by Messrs. Ginn & Co. “ First Steps in the History of England,” by Mr. Arthur May Mowry, is a simple and attractive text for children, just published by Messrs. Silver, Burdett & Co. M. Jules Verne's “Vingt Mille Lieues sous les Mers,” in an abridged edition prepared by Prof. C. Fontaine, is a recent school publication of Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co. Mr. William R. Jenkins is the publisher of “El Molinerillo y Otros Cuentos," by Don Antonio de Trueba, edited for school use by Señor R. Diez de la Cortina. “ Numbers,” edited by Mr. G. Buchanan Gray, and “ The Earlier Pauline Epistles,” edited by Mr. Vernon Bartlet, are the two latest volumes of the “ Temple Bible," published by the J. B. Lippincott Co. “ The Velocity of Light,” by Professor A. A. Michel- son, and “On the Text of Chaucer's Parlement of Foules,” by Miss Eleanor Prescott Hammond, are two quarto reprints, foresbadowing the extensive series of decennial publications of the University of Chicago. The Wisconsin State Superintendent of Education has issued a useful graded and classified “List of Books for Township Libraries of the State of Wis- consin,” prepared by Miss Anne H. McNeil. The titles are annotated, and the volume is provided with elab- orate indexes. An important publication of the Field Columbian Museum is a monograph, by Mr. H. R. Voth, upon the “Oraibi Powamu Ceremony,” resulting from studies made by the Stanley McCormick expedition to the Hopi Indians. The work is plentifully illustrated with plates, both plain and colored. “ Reliques of Stratford-on-Avon " is the title of a pleasing little souvenir of Shakespeare's home, issued as the latest volume in Mr. Lane's “ Flowers of Par- Dassus" series. The contents include a half-dozen ex- cellent lithographs by Mr. Thomas R. Way, with a few pages of text compiled by Mr. A. E. Way. Grillparzer's “ Der Traum ein Leben,” edited by Mr. Edward Stockton Meyer, is published by Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co., who also send us a manual of “German Composition" by Mr. E. C. Wesselboeft, and “ An English-German Conversation Book,” by Messrs. Gustav Krüger and C. Alphonso Smith. “ The Newcomes,” in three volumes, is added to the Dent edition of Thackeray, published in this country by the Macmillan Co. Mr. Walter Jerrold's biblio- graphical note contains matter of much interest regard- ing the inception and publication of the novel, and Mr. Brock’s ten odd drawings in each volume are cleverly done. A happy thought in school readers is illustrated by the book called “Trees in Prose and Poetry,” pub- lished by Messrs. Ginn & Co. The compilation is made by Misses Gertrude L. Stone and M. Grace Fickett, and the selections are grouped according to the orders and species with which they are concerned, thus providing a felicitous combination of botany and literature. TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. July, 1902. Abitibi Fur Brigade, The Arthur Heming. Scribner. AirShips, Some Vegetable. A. J. Grout. Harper, America, Certain Aspects of. H. D. Sedgwick, Jr. Atlantic. Andalusia, Summer Life in. B. H. Ridgely. Harper. Anthracite-Carrying Railways. H. T. Newcomb. Rev of Rev. Anthracite Coal Mines and Mining. R. D. Rhone. Rev. of Rev. Astronomers, What They Are Doing. S. Newcomb. Harper. Blue Jay Family, A. Frank M. Chapman. Century. Book-Dedications, Elizabethan. Edmund Gosse. Harper. Brieux, Eugène, Plays of. George P. Baker. Atlantic. British Outlook, The. W. T. Stead. Review of Reviews. Burma, In, with the Viceroy. Mrs. Everard Cotes. Scribner. Carlyle, Personal Recollection of. J. D. Hague. Century. Carnegie's New Book. M. W. Hazeltine. North American. Coal Strike, The. Talcott Williams. Review of Reviews, D'Artagnan, The Real. Charles Sellier. Harper. Electrical Forms, Curious. Anabel Parker. Century. Emerson's Record of Walks with Ellery Channing. Atlantic. Falconry of To-day. Vance Thompson. Harper. Field, Eugene, the Humorist. Francis Wilson. Century. Fire, A Gulf of. J. C. Fernald. Harper. Forests, American Private. Overton W. Price. Harper. Fourth of July, On Keeping the. Bliss Perry. Atlantic, Francescas, The Three. Edith Wharton. North American. Garden, An Old French, Will H. Low. Scribner. Immigration's Menace to Health. T. V. Powderly, No. Am. Irrigation in the Southwest. R. S. Baker. Century. Isthmian Canal — Why Is It Not Built ? North American. Kaiser, Personal Influence of. W. von Schierbrand. No, Am. Landor's Poetry. H. W. Boynton. Atlantic. Literature, Am., Beginnings of. G. E. Woodberry. Harper. Marsh, The. Dallas Lore Sharp. Atlantic. Martinique Pompeii, The. James R. Church. Scribner. Mosquito Campaign. L. O. Howard and H C. Weeks. Century. Negro, The : Another View. Andrew Sledd. Atlantic. Nicaragua Canal, Prince Louis Napoleon and the. Century. Ocean Depths, Bridging the. P. W. Hart. Lippincott. Past, Manners of the. S. G. Tallentyre. Harper. Pater, Walter. Edward Dowden. Atlantic. Philippines, Race Prejudice in the. J. A. Le Roy. Atlantic. Porto Rico, Two Years' Legislation in. Atlantic. Prussia, Public Debt of. Adolph Wagner. North American. Reading Books through their Backs. GS. Lee. Atlantic. Rhodes, Cecil. H. Cust. North American. Sailing. W.J, Henderson. Atlantic. Salisbury, Marquis of. Julian Ralph. Century. Steamship Merger, Effect of. C. H. Cramp. North American. Storage Battery and Motor Car. T. A, Edison. No. American. Strikes and Public Welfare. John Handiboe. No. American. Turkish Parliament, Prorogued. Karl Blind. No. Amer. Volcano Systems in Western Hemisphere. R. T. Hill. Century. Waldeck-Rousseau and Successor. O. Guerlac. Rev. of Rev. West Point and Its Centenary. S. E. Tillman. Rev. of Rev. Wheat Belts, Labor Problem of. W.R. Draper. Rev. of Revs. Wilson, President Woodrow. Robert Bridges. Rev. of Revs. Women, Economic Dependence of. Vernon Lee. No. Amer. Words, Ways of, in English Speech. G. L. Kittredge. Harper. " а 9 66 20 [July 1, THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 75 titles, includes books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] pp. 206. BIOGRAPHY. Marie Antoinette. By Clara Tschudi; authorised transla- tion from the Norwegian by E. M. Cope. Second edition; with portrait in color, large 8vo, uncut, pp. 303. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.50 net. George Eliot. By Leslie Stephen, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, English Men of Letters.' Macmillan Co. 75 cts. net. Father Marquette. By Reuben Gold Thwaites. Illus., 12mo, pp. 244. Appletons' Life Histories." D. Apple- ton & Co. $1. net. HISTORY The Story of the Mormons, from the Date of their Origin to the Year 1901. By William Alexander Linn. Illus., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 637. Macmillan Co. $4. net. The Story of Chartres. By Cecil Headlam; illus. by Herbert Railton, 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 361. Me- diæval Towns.” Macmillan Co. $2. NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. The Newcomes. By W. M. Thackeray; edited by Walter Jerrold ; illus. by Charles E. Brock. In 3 vols., 16mo, gilt tops, uncut. Macmillan Co. $3. Jane Eyre. To which is added, The Moores: An Unpub- lished Fragment. By Charlotte Brontë; with Introduc- tion by W. Robertson Nicoll. 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 544. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.60 net. Westward Ho! By Charles Kingsley. In 2 vols., with photogravure frontispieces, 24mo, gilt tops, uncut. "Temple Classics." Macmillan Co. $1. POETRY AND VERSE. Ode on the Day of the Coronation of King Edward VII. By William Watson. 8vo, pp. 36. John Lane. $1. net. Ode on the Coronation of King Edward. By Bliss Car- man. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 34. L. C. Page & Co. $1. The Brothers: A Fairy Masque. By C. F. Keary. 12mo, pp. 147. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.50. Wharf and Fleet: Ballads of the Fishermen of Gloucester. By Clarence Manning Falt. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 117. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50 net. A House of Days: Sonnets and Songs. By Christian Binkley. 12mo, uncut, pp. 178. San Francisco: A. M. Robertson. $1.25 net. FICTION The Virginian: A Horseman of the Plains. By Owen Wister. Illus., 12mo, pp. 504. Macmillan Co. $1.50. Lafitte of Louisiana. By Mary Devereux. Illus., 12mo, pp. 427. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50. Those Delightful Americans. By Mrs. Everard Cotes (Sara Jeannette Duncan). 12mo, pp. 353. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50. Oldfield: A Kentucky Tale of the Last Century. By Nancy Huston Banks. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 43i. Macmillan Co. $1.50. Tales of Destiny. By Elizabeth G. Jordan. Illus., 12mo, pp. 293. Harper & Brothers. $1.50. Olympian Nights. By John Kendrick Bangs. Illus., 16mo, uncut, pp. 224. Harper & Brothers. $1.25. The Way of Escape. By Grabam Travers (Margaret Todd, M.D.). 12mo, pp. 377. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50. A Maid of Bar Harbor. By Henrietta G. Rowe. Illus., 12mo, pp. 368. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50. Abner Daniel. By Will N. Harben. 12mo, pp. 312. Harper & Brothers. $1.50. Miser Hoadley's Secret: A Detective Story. By Arthur W. Marchmont. Illus., 12mo, pp. 305. New Amsterdam Book Co. $1.25. The King in Yellow. By Robert W. Chambers. New edi- tion ; illus., 12mo, pp. 274. Harper & Brothers. $1.50. The Love Story of Abner Stone. By Edwin Carlile Litsey. 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 170. A.S. Barnes & Co. $1.20 net. It's Up to You: A Story of Domestic Bliss. By Hugh McHugh. Illus., 18mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 121. G. W. Dillingham Co. 75 cts. The Fool. By William H. Carson. Illus., 12mo, pp. 334. G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.50. Eton Idylls. By C. R. S. 18mo, uncut, pp. 91. Oxford: B. H. Blackwell. Paper. TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION. Ten Thousand Miles in Persia; or, Eight Years in Irán. By Major Percy Molesworth Sykes. Illus., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 481. Charles Scribner's Sons. $6. net. Highways and Byways in Hertfordshire. By Herbert W. Tompkins, F. R. Hist. S.; illus, by Frederick L. Griggs. 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 348. Macmillan Co. $2. Reliques of Stratford-on-Avon: A Souvenir of Shake- speare's Home. Compiled by A. E. Way; with Litho- graphs by Thomas R. Way. 24mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 44. * Flowers of Parnassus." John Lane. 50 cts. net. RELIGION. The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Hu- man Nature. Being the Gifford Lectures on Natural Re- Jigion Delivered at Edinburgh in 1901-1902. By William James, LL.D. Large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 534. Long- mans, Green, & Co. $3,20 net. Religion, Agnosticism, and Education. By J. L. Spal- ding, Bishop of Peoria. 16mo, pp. 285. A. C. McClurg & Co. 80 cts. net. The Unknown God”? An Essay. By Sir Henry Thomp- son, Bart., F.R.C.S. 24mo, gilt top, pp. 86. F. Warne & Co. 60 cts. The Dictum of Reason on Man's Immortality; or, Di- vine Voices Outside of the Bible. By Rev. David Gregg, D.D. 16mo, gilt top, pp. 73. E. B. Treat & Co. 50 cts. NATURE AND SCIENCE. American Food and Game Fishes: A Popular Account of all the Species Found in America North of the Equator, with Keys for Ready Identification, Life Histories, and Methods of Capture. By David Starr Jordan, Ph.D., and Barton Warren Evermann, Ph.D. Illus. in color, etc., 4to, uncut, pp. 573. Doubleday, Page & Co. $4, net. The Kindred of the Wild: A Book of Animal Life. By Charles G. D. Roberts ; illus. by Charles Livingston Bull. 8vo, uncut, pp. 374. L. C. Page & Co. $2. Modern Astronomy: Being Some Account of the Revolu- tion of the Last Quarter of a Century. By Herbert Hall Turner, F.R.S. Illus., 12mo, pp. 286. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2. net. ECONOMICS AND POLITICS. Savings and Savings Institutions. By James Henry Hamilton, Ph.D. 12mo, pp. 436. Macmillan Co. $2.25 net. Colonial Government: An Introduction to the Study of Colonial Institutions. By Paul S. Reinsch. 12mo, pp. 386. Citizen's Library." Macmillan Co. $1.25 net. Internal Improvements in Alabama. By William Ele- jius Martin. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 87. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins Press. Paper. PHILOSOPHY. Philosophy, Its Scope and Relations: An Introductory Course of Lectures. By the late Henry Sidgwick. 8vo, uncut, pp. 252. Macmillan Co. $2.25 net. The Imagination in Spinoza and Hume: A Comparative Study in the Light of Some Recent Contributions to Psy- chology. By Willard Clark Gore, Ph.D. Large 8vo, pp. 77. University of Chicago Press. Paper. REFERENCE. The Literature of American History: A Bibliographical Guide. Edited for the American Library Association by J. N. Larned. Large 8vo, pp. 588. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $6. net. A Guide to the Best Historical Novels and Tales. By Jonathan Nield. Svo, pp. 122. G. P. Putnam's Sons. BOOKS FOR SCHOOL AND COLLEGE. Select Orations and Letters of Cicero (Allen and Green- ough's Edition). Revised by J. B. Greenough and G. L. Kittredge; with a special vocabulary by J.B. Greenough. Illus., 12mo, pp. 650. Ginn & Co. $1.45. The Elements of Political Economy. With Some Appli- cations to Questions of the Day. By J. Laurence Laugh- lin, Ph.D. Revised edition ; 12mo, pp. 384. American Book Co. $1.20. 9 1902.) 21 THE DIAL uthors Igency By ELEVENTA YRAR. Candid, suggestive Criticism, literary and technical Re- vision, Advice, Disposal. REFERENCES:Noah Brooks, Mrs. Deland, Mrs. Burton Harrison, W. D. Howells, Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, Thomas Nelson Page, Mary E. Wilkins, and others. Send stamp for Booklet to WM. A. DRESSER, 400 Broadway, Montion The Dial. Cambridge, Mass. STORY-WRITERS, Biographers, Historians, Poets - Do you desire the honest criticism of your book, or its skilled revision and correction, or advice as to publication ? Buch work, said George William Curtis, is "done as it should be by The Kasy Chair's friend and fellow laborer in letters, Dr. Titus M. Coan." Terms by agreement. Sond for circular D, or forward your book or MS. to the New York Bureau of Revision, 70 Fifth Ave., New York. 1) Instruction by mail in literary composition. Courses suited to all needs. Do You of MSS. Send for circular. Write ? ÉDITORIAL BUREAU 26 W.33d St. (opp. Waldorf-Astoria), N. Y. OLD BOOKS AND MAGAZINES. Send for Cate- logue. Address A. J. CRAWFORD, Tonth and Pine Streets, St. Louis, Missouri. FOR ANY BOOK ON EARTH - Write to H. H. TIMBY, Book Hunter, CATALOGUES FREE. Conneaut, Ohio. Selections from De Quincey. Edited by Milton Haight Turk, Ph.D. 12mo, pp. 501. Athenæum Press Series." Ginn & Co. $1.05. Life and Health: A Text-Book on Physiology for High Schools, Academies, and Normal Schools. By Albert F. Blaisdell, M.D. Illus., 12mo, pp. 346. Ginn & Co. $1. Sketches of Great Painters. For Young People. Colonna Murray Dallin. Illus., 12mo, pp. 293. Silver, Burdett & Co. 90 cts. Advanced French Prose Composition. By Victor E. Frangois. 12mo, pp. 292. American Book Co. 80 cts. First Steps in the History of England. By Arthur May Mowry, A.M. lllas., 12mo, pp. 324. Silver, Bardett & Co. 70 cto. Europe. By. Frank G. Carpenter. Illus., 12mo, pp. 456. Carpontor's Geographical Reader." American Book Co. 70 eto. Troes in Prose and Poetry. Compiled by Gertrude L. Stone and M. GraoFickett. Illus., 12mo, pp. 184. Ginn & Co. 50 ots. 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Classified Catalogues free on application. 22 (July 1, THE DIAL To LIBRARIANS Volume Five of the OLD SOUTH LEAFLETS Uniform with the preceding volumes of the series, NOW READY. Among its contents are leaflets on the early English Our stock of the publications of all Explorations, the text of the Hague Arbitration Treaty, and King Alfred's Description of England. American publishers is more nearly Bound in Cloth, 25 Leaflets, Nos. 101-125. Price, $1.50. complete than that of any other house SEND FOR CATALOGUES. in the United States. DIRECTORS OF OLD SOUTH WORK Old South Meeting House, 1 We carry a very large stock of IM- WASHINGTON STREET : : BOSTON. fine copies of the best editions and Kåre Books. THE TRAVELERS OF HARTFORD, CONN. | Send for our Classified Catalogue SYLVESTER C. 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A work of exceptional importance, the result of years of research among manuscript journals, documents, etc. It will take front rank among authorities on Western History. “No great library, no historical society, no collector of Americana can afford to dispense with it."-CYRUS TOWNSEND BRADY in New York Times Saturday Review. “Well studied, comprehensive and most important history. Will take its place with the little group of Western classics produced by army officers, Lewis and Clark, Pike and Fremont."— RIPLEY HITCHCOCK in the Book-Buyer. FRANCIS P. HARPER, 14 WEST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK LATELY PUBLISHED:“The Livingstons of Squirrel Hill," by Louise SLOANE WRAY. A charming story. $1.50. BONNELL, SILVER & CO., 24 West 22d Street, New York. Going Abroad this Summer? STUDY AND PRACTICE OF FRENCH. L. C. BONAME, Author and Publisher, 258 South 16th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. A carefully graded series for schools and colleges. 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Philadelphia Press: “One of those rare sustained efforts of a poet whose art is unequalled among his living English brethren." ENGLAND'S GREATEST POET, WILLIAM WATSON has composed one of the finest poems that has ap- peared in the last ten years, entitled An Ode on the Day of the Coronation of King Edward VII. . London Times: “Who will surpass its fit splendour of words; who will equal its grave memory of the solemn tenure on which England holds the glories of her vast inheritance ?" Adventures in Tibet By WILLIAM CAREY Including the complete diary of Miss Annie R. Taylor's remarkable journey from Tau-Chau to Ta-Chien-Lu, through the heart of the forbidden land. Large octavo, silk cloth binding, 75 handsome illustrations. Price, $1.50 net. Miss Taylor made the journey with only faithless native guides as attendants. It is a remarkable tale. Order the First Edition at once. Boards, 12mo. Price, $1 net. 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This story shows, in a delightfully witty and humorous vein, very cleverly drawn pictures of the life of an English girl in French 80- ciety as compared with that of the much chaperoned French made- moiselle. It is really witty and amusing. Our freedom loving Ameri- can girl will find the social restrictions of her French cousin an en- tertaining study. If you want suggestions for your summer reading, catalogues of Fiction, General Literature, etc., will be sent you postpaid on application to JOHN LANE, 67 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK MICHIGAN CENTRAL “The Niagara Falls Route” Vacation Rates to and via Niagara Falls, to the Thousand Islands, the St. Lawrence River, the Adirondack and White Mountains, the Berkshire Hills, New England Coast, etc., and to Mackinac Island and other Northern Michigan Resorts. 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The Thrall of Leif the Lucky WHICH WAS PRONOUNCED 1 The most Beautiful Book of fiction of the Spring IS STEADILY IMPRESSING ITSELF AS THE Most Remarkable Book of Fiction of the Year With Illustrations in Color. $1.50. A. C. MCCLURG & CO., PUBLISHERS CHICAGO ! 26 (July 16, 1902. THE DIAL THE BEST NEW BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING A BEING THE TRUE AND ROMANTIC STORY OF ALEXANDER HAMILTON “ Particularly worthy the attention of those who like a good summer novel is the list of recent romances published by the Macmillans.”—Boston BUDGET. FOURTH EDITION S noticeably unusual in their variety as in 30TH THOUSAND THE novels contributed to this summer's fiction by the THE VIRGINIAN popular writers: OWEN WISTER, CHARLES CONQUEROR MAJOR, MRS. ATHERTON, and MRS. A HORSEMAN BANKS. OF THE PLAINS All have the genuine heart interest that wearies By never; and three of them are soundly American. By GERTRUDE OWEN WISTER The Conqueror recreates with marvellous bril- ATHERTON MR. Illustrated. liancy the scenes of Hamilton's life. WISTER'S book " is easily the best that deals with the cowboy, picturesque, racy, and above DOROTHY OLDFIELD all original.” 66 • Cranford’ defines the atmos- phere of Oldfield, but it is a Kentucky Cran- VERNON OF A KENTUCKY TALE OF ford.” “ Dorothy Vernon is superbly vital, but HADDON THE LAST CENTURY splendidly human.” Its wide popularity is at- By tested by the issue in New York and Chicago of HALL NANCY HUSTON later stories of singularly similar titles. By CHARLES MAJOR BANKS Each in decorated cloth covers, 12mo, $1.50. Illustrated. THE AMERICAN SPORTSMAN'S LIBRARY Edited by CASPAR WHITNEY Three volumes now ready; each, in cloth, gilt top, crown 8vo, $2.00 net (postage, 15 cts.). UPLAND GAME BIRDS THE DEER FAMILY SALMON AND TROUT By EDWIN SANDYS and T. By the Hon. THEODORE ROOSE- By DEAN SAGE, WILLIAM S. VAN DYKE. VELT, T. S. VAN DYKE, D. G. Illustrated by LOUIS AGASSIZ ELLIOT, and A. J. STONE. C. HARRIS, and C. H. TOWN- SEND. Illustrated by A. B. FUERTES, A. B. FROST, J. 0. Illustrated by CARL RUNGIUS. With NUGENT, and others. Maps by Dr. C. HART MERRIAM. FROST and others. Limited edition, half levant, on hand-made paper (sets only), $7.50 net per volume. DEFENDORF PUBLISHED DURING THE PAST MONTH REINSCH Clinical Psychiatry Colonial Government A Text-book for Students and Physicians. Abstracted An Introduction to the study of Colonial Institutions. and Adapted from the Sixth German Edition of By PAUL S. REINSCH, Professor of Political Science in Kraepelin's "Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie." By A. the University of Wisconsin, author of "World Politics Ross DEFENDORF, M.D., Lecturer in Psychiatry in at the End of the Nineteenth Century." Yale University. 10+ 386 pages, 12mo (Citizen's Library), half leather, 11+ 420 pages, illustrated 8vo, cloth, $3.50 net. $1.25 net. Books published at NET prices are sold by booksellers everywhere at the advertised net prices. When delivered from the publishers, carriage, either postage or expressage, is an extra charge. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 66 Fifth Ave., New York THE DIAL A Semi.Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. > PAGE . 33 . 35 > die in the very room where I was born." As each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage a matter of fact, he never did buy the house, prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must but died, December 5, 1870, in a little town be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the near Dieppe, whither he had been carried from current number. REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by erpress or poslal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and Paris by his devoted son, on the eve of the for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; German investment of the Capital, in order and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished that his last days might be spared the priva- on application. All communications should be addressed to THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. tions of the siege. Something more than a year later, when his country was again at peace, his No. 386. JULY 16, 1902. Vol. XXXIII. remains received final interment in his native town, in the presence of a famous following of CONTENTS. authors, artists, and actors. The bit of autobiography above quoted is ALEXANDER THE GREAT 27 characteristic at once of the geniality and the COMMUNICATION. "American English Again. egotism of the man who wrote it. It quite P. F. B. 29 takes for granted the reader's interest in every COMMENTS OF A CONTEMPORARY. Percy F. slightest personal particular that the writer Bicknell. 30 may see fit to impart; it takes also for granted TWO GOOD GARDEN BOOKS. Alice Morse Earle 32 the reader's acceptance of the fact that neither Racine nor La Fontaine could possibly shed BRYCE'S ESSAYS ON HISTORY AND JURIS- PRUDENCE. A. M. Wergeland any greater lustre upon the region of their com- mon birth than was shed by the author of BOOKS ON THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE. F.H. “Monte Cristo” and “Les Trois Mousque- Hodder taires." Of his own greatness, indeed, Alex- ESSAYS ON AMERICAN THEMES. Franklin H. andre Dumas retained an unshaken conviction Head. 37 throughout his long career. At the height of BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. 38 that career, he could assert with perfect self- English poetry in the crucible of the scientist. Nature and origin of the solar system. Makers assurance that for a quarter of a century past of Modern Europe.— The sacred beetle of Egypt.- three men, Hugo, Lamartine, and himself, had A sumptuous art-volume about Siena.- Two heroic remained at the head of contemporary French English kings.- Art volumes on Tuscan sculpture, and Van Dyke. — The greatest son of Dartmouth. literature; our only marvel is that he should not have set his own name first in that trinity BRIEFER MENTION 40 of literary fame. We are not of those to whom NOTES 41 such assertions are always and necessarily LIST OF NEW BOOKS 42 amusing. They may express the proud self- consciousness of genius, or they may merely in- dicate a remarkable capacity for self-deception. ALEXANDER THE GREAT. When Dante and Shakespeare state what we “ I was born," says Alexandre Dumas, “at know to be the simple truth concerning their Villers-Cotterets, a little town in the depart- own work, we applaud rather than rebuke, ment of the Aisne, on the Paris road, about holding such frank utterance in higher esteem two hundred paces from the Rue de la Noue, than any exhibition of mock modesty. But in where Demoustiers died, two leagues from the case of Dumas the effect of such self La Ferté-Milon, where Racine was born, and assertion is, on the whole, an entertaining seven leagues from Château-Thierry, where illustration of the delusion of the egotist. La Fontaine first saw the light. I was born on That he was a great writer in the sense in July 24, 1802, at half-past five in the morning, which Hugo was a great writer is, of course, a in the Rue de Lormet, in a house which now preposterous notion ; and that he should hon- belongs to my friend Cartier, who would gladly estly have ranked himself with his most illus- sell it to me any day, so that I may be able to trious contemporary shows only the fact that - . 28 [July 16, THE DIAL . a his critical faculty, weak in any case, was romantic invention which is still ruled by the absolutely incapable of taking the measure of spirit of Alexandre Dumas. his own work. It was along in the eighties, we should say, Although a writer of only the second rank, that English and American readers of the more Dumas looms up astonishingly in the French discriminating sort came to be attracted in con- literature of the last century, and he still holds siderable numbers to the romances of Dumas. his own surprisingly well. In some respects Before that time, his following had been large his position is better to-day than it was at any but uncritical,-—it had been a following made time during his life. His enemies did their up for the most part of seekers for the sensa- worst to break down his reputation while he was tional in literature, of readers who were sat- still alive; after his death, there was nothing isfied with highly-spiced invention, and who · more to be urged against him than had already recked little of constructive art. But Dumas been urged, and his fame did not suffer the re. really deserved a better fate than the applause action that commonly follows upon the death of of this class of readers, and he received his a great writer. Dumas was never set upon such deserts in due course of time. It was about a pinnacle as Hugo in the esteem of his admir-twenty years ago that two English critics of ing fellow-countrymen, and hence was never undeniable authority gave assurance to timid in so perilous a position. He was immensely souls that their enjoyment of the French ro- popular, but he was not revered as a prophet mancer was quite legitimate, and that the and sage. He has preserved his popularity adventures of the three musketeers really be- at home for a full generation after his death, longed to literature. It is, we think, chiefly while abroad be is both better known and better to Mr. Andrew Lang and Robert Louis Stev- appreciated than he was at any time while alive. enson that the literary rehabilitation of Dumas Long before Dumas had become popular with the English-speaking public is to be cred- with English readers, at a time when they ited, for these men boldly proclaimed what thought of him, so far as they thought at all, many readers of taste had felt without quite as of a writer whose stock in trade was a shal. daring to assert. They had coupled in thought low sensationalism and a picturesque perver- the names of Dumas and Scott, but Mr. Lang sion of historical happenings, he was known ventured to make the conjunction on the printed and loved by no less a man than Thackeray, page. Addressing the spirit of the Frenchman, who found no difficulty in rising above English he said: prejudice and contracting a very genuine sym- “ Than yours there has been no greater nor more pathy for the most gasconading of Frenchmen. kindly and beneficent force in modern letters. To But as far as the English-speaking world is Scott, indeed, you owed the first impulse of your ge- nius; but, once set in motion, what miracles could it concerned, the vogue, if not the fame, of Dumas not accomplish ? Our dear Porthos was overcome, at seems to have been mainly posthumous. The last, by a superhuman burden; but your imaginative last generation was inclined to regard with dark strength never found a task too great for it. It is good, suspicion the works of all French novelists, and in a day of small and laborious ingenuities, to breathe the free air of your books, and dwell in the company the romances of Alexandre Dumas were held, of Dumas's men-s0 gallant, so frank, so indomitable, mostly by persons who had never read them, such swordsmen, and such trenchmen." to be typically “French” in their wicked levity, This frank and generous praise is echoed by and consequently to be shunned by all right- Stevenson, who, closing his « Vicomte de Bra- eous minded readers. When translated into English, the romances were published in such gelonne” after the fifth perusal, expresses his enthusiastic admiration in a series of queries a way as to repel persons of taste, and attract which are in fact challenges to all disputants. only those classes of readers to whom literature “What other novel has such epic variety and nobil- proper makes no appeal whatever. Well do ity of incident? Often, if you will, impossible; often we remember the big and ugly volumes, badly of the order of an Arabian story; and yet all based on printed and bound in depressing black, in which human nature. For if you come to that, what novel form alone the American readers of twenty or has more human nature ? Not studied with the micro- thirty years ago might make the acquaintance scope, but seen largely in plain daylight, with the natu- of “d'Artagnan” and “Monte Cristo.” Things and wit, and unflagging, admirable literary skill .. ral eye? What novel has more good sense, and gaiety, are very different now, when tasteful editions And, once more, to make an end of commendations, abound, when the old-fashioned prejudices have what novel is inspired with a more unstrained or a more disappeared, and when we have all of us become wholesome morality ? more or less denizens of the joyous realm of | These words take us far indeed from the stand- : 1902.] 29 THE DIAL course. ) » « The point of middle-class propriety and narrow they learned the language from Americans, and there- puritanical outlook. They mark the larger fore can not speak it very well. The present writer and saner critical light in which our own gen- takes pleasure in recalling, from his Berlin university days, instances of Germans who, seeking to rfect eration has come to view the famous literature their English, favored him with their society because, of the past. as they explained, the American pronunciation seemed In the presence of such tributes as these, the to them more articulate than the English. But this tes- unlovely aspects of the character of Dumas, timony is far from conclusive, and is adduced only for what it is worth. In the Polyglott Kuntze series there and the dubious aspects of his literary methods, is said to be a manual on Die Amerikanische Sprache, sink into relative insignificance. Granted that side by side with one on Die Englische Sprache. That he was a swaggerer and vainglorious, that petty certainly is damaging testimony, and the defendant, un- jealousies and hypocrisies marked many stages til he has examined the volume in question, is puzzled of his career, that in his financial relations he for an answer. Again, we are accused of having made the word commence (in preference to begin) so pecul- held his personal honor too lightly; granted iarly our own that the Unhappy Linguist now almost also that his literary superchéries were of un- sbrinks from defiling his mouth with it. This is indeed exampled audacity, that he pillaged ideas and alarming, if true. situations from all sorts of sources, that he lent From the pages of two American novels -- names not given — our assailant takes the text for most of his dis- his name to books that others had written, We think it safe to infer that the novels are granted all these things, with many others of not classics; but let us see what can be said in their like tenor, the fact remains that he possessed defense. “ His eyes were wonted to the darkness," is an astonishingly original and prolific genius, cited, with condemnation of wonted as an undesirable that besides much slipshod writing that has neologism. Yet, two hundred years ago, Sir Roger L'Estrange wrote, "She was wonted to the place, and long since been forgotten he produced a series would not remove.” “E'en in our ashes live their of masterpieces that the world will not willingly wonted fires,” illustrates a slightly different use of the let die, and that his higher ideals were on the word, which is probably familiar even to the Unhappy whole ideals of manliness and clean living and Linguist. "The merciless frame vised him fast.” On this our friend has something interesting to say. devotion to admirable artistic aims. verb to vise is a revelation to us, and would seem to be derived from the noun vice by false analogy (blessed words!) with the verb advise. However, the only pos- sible meaning we could read into it would be expres- COMMUNICATION. sive of what consuls do to passports.” Charity compels us to interpret this, not as ignorance of a familiar car- "AMERICAN ENGLISH" AGAIN. penter's tool, but as an attempt to be facetious. We (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) bear in mind, too, that the more common English spell- “Answer not a fool according to his folly, lest thou also ing of this tool is vice. But the making of a verb out be like unto him,” says the Scripture; and then, with a of a noun, to serve at a pinch, is a practice not confined fine recognition of the perplexities of the case, immedi- to American writers. Amazement and amusement are ately adds: “Answer a fool according to his folly, lest excited when the hero of one of the novels referred to he be wise in his own conceit.” An unselfish regard for is said to feed his horse apples, and the critic wonders the good of the unwise person seems to dictate the lat- if the day will come when the Lord Mayor will feed ter course. his guests turtles. We hope not. Meanwhile we shall An anonymous contributor to the June “Macmillan's continue to feed our swine husks, and also to feed them Magazine," taking for his subject “Our Unhappy Lan with husks, but we prefer to let our guests help them- guage,” discourses on what he calls “the American lan- selves to such viands as their appetite demands. “So guage,” in a manner that is marked by less wisdom than he,” for “so that he,” is cited as something new and we are wont to look for in the pages of that excellent strange. Without considering the matter, we should periodical. We are told that ours is a distinct lan- have said the shorter form was not uncommon, even guage, not bearing the relation even of a dialect to the with English writers. Opening at random Mr. G.W.E. parent tongue, and that its variations from English Russell's “Onlooker's Notebook," we read (page 149), can be discovered almost as readily as the differences "America was strong and Spain was weak, so we backed between Italian and Spanish. We are rebuked for America for all we were worth.” Other usages, more angrily denying this. "I guess," one of us is said to or less open to censure, are quoted; but few of them, have retorted, “ that what you call Amurracan is the perhaps none, are distinctively American, and not one only form of English which is English anyway." This is to be found in our best writers. protest is regarded by our Unhappy Linguist (if we A list of "American words” is given by our Unhappy may so style him, for convenience) as “too involved Linguist, followed by a condemnatory exclamation point. to be very intelligible." To be sure, it is not a fair The words are, defense, pretense, rumor, dishonor, labor, sample of our mode of expressing ourselves, any more counselor, traveler, imperiled, groveled, marveled, untram- than the speech of the cockney is a good illustration meled, and maneuver. Six of these would have served of the Englishman's; but the alleged involution is not to illustrate all the principles involved. Lack of space apparent to a plain man. Five out of any ten English- forbids a full discussion, and other bands have treated speaking Germans, says the Unhappy Linguist, will these matters at length. Yet we can never cease to apologetically explain, in the interest of truth, that wonder why the English cling so jealously to u in a 9 80 [July 16, THE DIAL 8 . ces honour, but drop it in horror, pallor, terror, actor, author, ment, so far at least as the high hopes enter- and a hundred other words having exactly the same tained for it thirty years ago are concerned. Latin-French pedigree. Retaining the French u in cer- tain cases, why does the Englishman insist on discard- From the glorious height of a divine ideal it ing the French s in defense and offense, which are de- has sunk to the bumble level of a fairly prac- rived originally from Latin forms in -ensa ? In Middle ticable system. But he admits that it has English we find forms in -ens and -ense; the form in never received a thorough trial in England, •ence is a comparatively late departure from the good old spelling. Likewise the ending -or represents, as a except in local affairs, where indeed the ex- rule, an earlier English -our; but whereas our cousins periment gives hope of future capacity on the have reverted to the Latin form in some cases, and not part of the people for treating “the higher in others, we in America, for the sake of both brevity and deeper proplems of imperial government.” and uniformity, have dropped the “ almost without Significant in this connection is the author's exception. The English lexicographer Ogilvie, by the firm conviction that “a hereditary legislative way, gives pretense as the better spelling of the second word on the list. So much for that "American word.” body is a mistake." “ We do not in the least care," concludes the Un- Five short chapters on the monarchy, from happy Linguist, “how the Americans spell, but in these 1760 to 1901, give fleeting views of four suc- days of simultaneous editions on either side of the At- cessive sovereigns and their courts, and bring we do care." In other words, “we don't care how fast us down to the present reign, of which Mr. you Americans go to perdition, but pray don't take us Russell ventures to predict four chief charac- with you.” We do not yet despair of the English lan- teristics. First, it will be popular : the King, guage. It has weathered a dozen centuries and more, losing nothing of the tact and grace that marked and its decay does not seem imminent. But not until it is a dead language, or the English fence themselves his bearing as Prince of Wales, will have the in with a Chinese wall, will it anywhere be preserved support of all his people. Second, it will be a in a state of rigid unchangeableness. P. F. B. splendid reign, reflecting the sovereign's nat- Malden, Mass., July 8, 1902. ural taste for pomp and his freedom from parsimony. Third, it will be marked by im- partiality, Edward VII. keeping his politics The New Books. to himself as strictly as he did before his ac- cession. Fourth, it will be an active reign, as the court will reside in London and will play a COMMENTS OF A CONTEMPORARY.* conspicuous part in public affairs. Applying Mr. John Morley's test of litera- The latter half of the book is made up of ture as distinguished from mere printed matter, brief and entertaining discussions of such and demanding that it shall contain “moral topics as society journalism, the pleasures of truth and human passion . . . touched with a publicity, the ways of the new woman, filthy ... certain largeness, sanity, and attraction of lucre, religious observance, hedonism, decorum, form,” one would not be far wrong in pro- superstition, card-playing and gambling, the nouncing “ An Onlooker's Notebook” to be public schools, the universities, and the church. literature. It is written with a journalistic The decline of chivalry and the growth of a crispness of style that carries the reader along selfish materialism are deplored. from page to page without sense of fatigue, “ To-day chivalry seems to me extinct. The one and the writer's breadth of view and range of idea is to shout with the largest crowd, to back the experience distinguish him from the ordinary winner, to side with the majority. America was strong and Spain was weak, so we backed America for all we reporter of current events. These chapters on were worth. We believed that France was weak, and men and manners of the present and the more we tried to pick a quarrel with her over Fashoda. The immediate past are reprinted from “ The Man- Armenians were a feeble folk, and we would not move chester Guardian,” where they appeared dur- a finger to save them from massacre. Greece is a little country, and we had nothing but clumsy ridicule for her ing the year 1901. Their anonymous author struggle against the Turkish tyranny. We were told is Mr. George W. E. Russell, whose earlier that the South African republics had lost the power of volume of reminiscences and whose life of fighting — and we are learning our lesson.” Gladstone in the “Queen's Prime Ministers" Mr. Russell has some shrewd and amusing series have been well received. things to say about the art of living on nothing. The first half of the book treats largely of Among the devices practised by its devotees matters political, the latter of social questions. are the following: Democracy the author regards as a disappoint- “ Time out of mind ladies have claimed all the hon- *AN ONLOOKER's NOTEBOOK. By the Author of "Col. ors at wbist, and, where their adversaries were shy or lections and Recollections." New York: Harper & Brothers. careless, they have not seldom derived profit from the > 1902.) 31 THE DIAL 6 the The young claim. The worthy couple whom I described as “The They supply lists of • Hymns that have Helped Me' Staymakers' used to arrange with one of their sons to and · Prayers that have Pushed Me'; they enumerate meet them in hospitable country houses. When the their · Hundred Favorite Books '; they resuscitate the whist-tables were made up, father, mother, and son memories of the nursery and the private school. ... used to sit down and entice some unwary youth to be Reticence has fled to Jupiter or Saturn, and, as all the fourth. The points were moderate — shillings and speech is unguarded, so all life is public." half-crowns — but whichever way the luck went, a greater or less sum was bound to find its way into the Verily, one is ready to say with Ovid in the coffers of the family. . . . Most people know some enforced seclusion of his distant exile, “Bene fashionable couples who eke out a rather narrow income qui latuit, bene vixit.” Heaven deliver us by poker and bridge. It is calculated by the friends from the insanity of this ever-spreading “ social who have the pleasure of losing to them that they make several hundreds a year; but no one ever dreams of pushfulness," as our author calls it ! But after suggesting unfair play. Luck is pretty equally dis- these and many other pictures of all sorts of tributed; but skill, courage, and facial control are degeneracy, chiefly among the aristocracy, we qualities which succeed at cards as elsewhere; and a are refreshed with a few final chapters on the great advantage of playing in your own house is that the party can be broken up as soon as the hostess feels more hopeful signs for the future; and these tired or the host has had enough of it.” indications of higher ideals the writer finds in The foregoing, we take pleasure in thinking, the very class he has been holding up to repro- would have found no place in the notebook of bation, as well as among the ranks of the people. an American onlooker, describing American “I am well assured that among young Englishmen of all grades and classes there is a vein of manly self- society life. Some of the humilations to which control and self-devotion which may yet prove to be the a person must submit who cultivates the gentle salvation of England when national judgments begin to art of living on his wits are vividly pictured by overtake national sins. . . . We are officially informed Mr. Russell. He borrows for his purpose that the supply of clergy is falling off; but though the Thackeray's “ dear young literary friend, Tom young men at Oxford and Cambridge who are now Garbage. seeking holy orders may be fewer than they were twenty years ago, I am convinced that their quality is better. “The popular girls pronounce him a little horror,' There is nothing epicene or namby-pamby about them. and won't dance with him on any terms. They are fine, manly, active fellows, keen in mind and men regard him as an outsider; and the old gentlemen strong in body; men who have rowed for their colleges make him the butt of their peculiarly unpleasing humor. or played rugger' for the university, and ready to con- Lord Cramlington meets Tom Garbage in Piccadilly, socrate all their splendid gifts of health and skill and and accosts him with a friendly and hospitable air: trained evdurance to the service of religion and bu- • Are you going to dine anywhere to-night, Garbage ?' | manity. . . . Such institutions as Toynbee Hall and Tom, scenting an invitation, promptly says • No.' By Mansfield House, though conducted on secular lines, Gad, what an appetite you'll have to-morrow!' replies display the same energy of youthful zeal directed to Lord Cramlington, and walks away with a cheerful high ends; and I fancy that most of the great provin- smile. . . . Or, again, poor Tom is the guest of Sir cial towns could tell the same tale as Liverpool with its Thomas Portmore, famous for his cellar, and inadver- Newsboys' Home and Food and Betterment Associa- tently puts his hand round his claret-glass. I see that tion. . . . A few years ago there was a vulgar fashion, claret is n't warm enough for you,' says the host; and for which Thackeray and Leech were mainly responsible, then, ringing the bell with great violence, roars to the of holding up clerks and servants to promiscuous and butler: • Take that wine away and boil it, and put plenty pointless ridicule. A truer conception of honorable of sugar and spice in it; and then perhaps it will suit service now obtains, and English footmen and grooms your palate, Mr. Garbage.” have given as good an account of themselves in South The thirst for notoriety receives a sharp re- Africa as the sons of the houses which they served." buke from our author, who regrets the depar- Mr. Russell is a keen observer, and he turns ture of old-fashioned modesty and reserve. to good literary account what he sees and what “We live in and on publicity. Wbere our fathers he hears. His acquaintance with the Dowager repelled the society journalist from their doors and Duchess of Cleveland, whose long life covers horsewhipped him if they caught him at his tricks, we encourage him to the top of his bent. Only twenty the years 1792–1883, has furnished him with years ago I have known a man blackballed at a club numerous early nineteenth-century items of because he was suspected of having written for a society interest. From Bishop Wilberforce also, and journal, and a guest who published the names of his from Gladstone, Beaconsfield, Lord Aberdeen, fellow-guests at a dinner-party was never again per- and other noble sources, be draws many anec- mitted to cross the violated threshold. But now the smartest people take the society journalist to their dotes of high life, - not always new, but never - bosoms. He dines with them in London and stays with tedious. His rather curious excuse for neg- them in the country. He is invited to inspect the bed-lecting the less exalted classes is that his master, rooms and examine the plate and scrutinize the family Matthew Arnold, has already chosen the com- jewels. . . . The interviewer is abroad in the land, and to bim people of the highest cultivation disclose their mon people for his own province. Yet he is private beliefs in religion and politics and literature. not a snob, and if he shows an occasional touch 6 6 " 32 [July 16, THE DIAL > > of Thackeray's snobbish anti-snobbery, it is the Preacher gave as one of the qualities of too slight to offend. To those who relish the Wise Man, “certain knowledge of the dexterous word-play the book offers an occa- things that are .. the diversities of plants sional toothsome morsel, despite, or perhaps and the virtues of roots.” It was, in brief, partly because of, its rather free use of the “nature's own prescription,” — a belief that . most up-to-date slang — in apologetic quotation each plant revealed in its shape or color some marks. Ochlocracy, a handy antonym to resemblance to a disease or to some portion of oligarchy, masquerades as othlocracy, but in a the body, and therefore was of value in that quoted sentence, so that the blame cannot be disease or for strengthening that organ. Thus, fixed. Now and then a little-used Latin phrase a heart-shaped leaf was used in heart disease ; greets one as a pleasant surprise in its English a spotted leaf like pulmonaria was for diseased dress. Finally, and best of all, the brief space lungs; a plant with swellings at the joints of accorded to each topic shows the author to have the stem or the leaf-stalks would cure gout. learned well that hardest of lessons for a fluent This doctrine was universally believed, and be- writer, that a part is better than the whole. loved; for it was quoted as a proof of the loving PERCY F. BICKNELL. care and thoughtful provision of the Creator. Though the working out of this principle is, of course, wholly wrong, yet the principle itself was based on right; and its influence is still shown in our modern botanical arrangement Two GOOD GARDEN BOOKS.* and classification of plants. Two of the best of Mr. Lane's numerous A chapter of special interest is entitled garden books are Canon Ellacombe's “In My Railway Gardens.” This does not mean the Vicarage Garden ” and Mrs. Milne-Home's beds and borders of ornamental flowers at rail. “Stray Leaves from a Border Garden." It is way stations, growing so cheerfully under ad- a matter of fact and of interest that the En. verse conditions, and so welcome to the eye glish clergy have been garden-lovers since the of the traveller. The subject is, instead, the days of old when priests and monks found in expanse or groups of unusual and unexpected their gardens sources of physic, pleasure, and flowers which spring up in startling beauty in profit. Through their missions they secured railway “cuts,” in ballast heaps, in refuse " rare and beautiful plants, and introduced val- “dumps.” The raw ugly track of the railway ued fruits and vegetables ; and in the sheltered contractor is quickly covered with a garden of " gardens enclosed " of their monasteries they Nature's planting, — a rare garden, too ; for could preserve and multiply, experiment with Aowers which have not been seen in a certain and disperse, the new plants. vicinity for years will bloom forth in abun- Of the modern English clergy, the best dance after the blasting out of a line of rock. known flower-lovers and flower-rearers are The ballast heaps below Philadelphia have re- Dean Hole, champion of the English Rose ; vealed hundreds of rare plants, many from the and Canon Ellacombe, author of "In a Glou-Orient, which have been classified and written cestershire Garden ” and of that most satis- about as Ballast Plants. about as Ballast Plants. Sweeps of old-time fying, charming, and perfect book, “The garden-flowers reappear and blossom in glorious Plant-Lore and Garden-Craft of Shakespeare.” profusion. Canon Ellacombe names the London In this book, " In My Vicarage Garden, and Rocket, the wild Valerian, the Canterbury Bell, Elsewhere," appears aftermath of the author's Viper's Bugloss, the Bee Orchis in “ railway gar- Shakespearian research, in the chapters en- dens." Railway cuttings in America have been titled “Plant Names," "York and Lancaster a happy hunting-ground both for geologist and Roses,” and “Shakespere and Architecture.” botanist. I have for years made notes of the Fascinating subjects are “ The Scents of Flow- revelations of the railroads. At times but a ers” and Medical Properties of Flowers,” in tantalizing glimpse is given to the dasher-by; “ which the curious “ doctrine of signatures" is but other times sudden and spirited onraids most ably and interestingly explained. This of friendly brakemen, during a pause while “ doctrine” has been held from the time when the panting engine is swallowing water, have * IN MY VICARAGE GARDEN, AND ELSEWHERE. By secured wonderful prizes and surprises. To the Rev. Henry N. Ellacombe, M.A. With portrait. New the English list I can add borders a mile York: John Lane. STRAY LEAVES FROM A BORDER GARDEN. By Mary long of Bouncing Bet ; acres of orange-tawny Pamela Milne-Home. Illustrated. New York: John Lane. garden-lilies ; beds of coreopsis ; rock-cuttings . 9 1902.] 33 THE DIAL - - hung with harebells; a certain old-fashioned carried out in like by other garden-writers. garden campanula ; moss pink, and a half. There are portrayed five or six pages being double garden-plant of the feverfew family. given to each - a Squire's garden, a Provence . , And I have gone far beyond Canon Ellacombe garden, the Rector's garden, Black Jacob's in my speculations, and found elements of the garden in Jamaica, Padre Avelino's garden in romantic and beautiful with which to confound Trinidad, a Swiss burial-place, etc. The Bor- the spirit and refute the sneers of that railroad der Garden, where Mother and Boy sowed and hater, Ruskin. No flower-dreams of deeper weeded, and rejoiced over what Bacon called sentiment come to me than the thought of the “garden-delights,” and mourned over their wandering of those flower-seeds, — their dor- garden-tragedies, must be read in every page, , mant years of silence and darkness, their travel and every page will be enjoyed. hither, their sudden release and resurrection In the year 1881 Mr. Jackson put the num- through modern progress. But all this may ber of botanical works then existing at over be over-fanciful, or, as Shakespeare says, eight thousand. In the following score of “'Twere to consider too curiously to consider years, enormous numbers of such books have , so.' been published ; the year and a half of this “Stray Leaves from a Border Garden,” century numbers hundreds, perhaps thousands, Mrs. Milne-Home's book, reveals not only a since there now exists a so-called craze for romantic home and picturesque garden on that garden and flower books. There have been historic spot, Flodden Field, but also the books of vast cost, — like Sibthorpe’s “ Flora charming personality of the author. The book Græca,” in the production of which over fifty is an intimate record, - a human document, in thousand dollars was spent, — and books on the best sense of that much-twisted term. We specialized topics ; but for general reading, can never disassociate author and book; and for novel, pleasant, and useful information, for as nothing about this author's life has been intelligent and graceful English composition, printed in the American press, we may be per- the two books under our consideration hold mitted a bit of information. The daughter of firmly their own dignified and creditable posi- an English soldier, Major Ellis, the great- tion in the face of the regiment of their fellows. grandchild of the Irish patriot Lord Edward ALICE MORSE EARLE. Fitzgerald, she is now the widow of Colonel Milne Home of the Royal Blues, that gallant old soldier who died six months ago at his Bor- der home. He won laurels and decorations in BRYCE'S ESSAYS ON HISTORY AND JURISPRUDENCE.* Egypt and India in his youth ; and in later life this flower-loving young wife in Jamaica. This We think there are few books which in a is not the first book written by Mary Pamela quiet way will do the serious student more Milne-Home. Almost in her girlhood she wrote good, or deserve better of its readers, than “Mamma's Black Nurse Stories ” and “West | Mr. Bryce's recent volume of “Studies in His- Indian Folk-Lore, ” — tales of the wonderful tory and Jurisprudence.” These essays form – An-ansi legends of Jamaica, familiar to us a book on whose nine hundred and odd pages in the American book,” “ Annancy Stories,” the reader will find very little chaff of words, by Mary Pamela Coleman Smith. Tinges of and much excellent and substantial informa- . color from Jamaica gardens show in this tale tion, presented in a popular manner and with of the Border, and of Continental gardens the charm of literary style. They bear the as well, especially of Provence, another home stamp of the mind not only of an academic of the author. One of the pleasing character teacher of many years' experience, but also of istics of the book is the constant recounting a statesman active in the service of his coun- of the folk-lore of England, Scotland, Russia, try, and perhaps still more of a student and Jamaica, France; the folk-lore of personal ob- exponent of historical and constitutional ques- servation, bearing the thrill and fire of first tions. Mr. Bryce's treatment of such questions telling, not the decorous recording through has always been eminently characterized by a succession of quotations and transcriptions. fairness, sound sense, and the practical grasp There is ample proof, too, of extended reading of a man prominent in active life and accus- among ancient herbals and flower-books. tomed to living issues as well as to theories A charming series of pictures entitled “My * STUDIES IN HISTORY AND JURISPRUDENCE. By James Friends in Their Gardens” might well be Bryce, D.C.L. New York: Oxford University Press. > 84 (July 16, THE DIAL - and speculations. When a writer of such rec- tory that Mr. Bryce is considered most pro- ognized standing, wide experience and scholar- ficient, and the reader follows with pleasure ship discusses matters of historical and practical his treatment of such questions as “ Flexible importance, his remarks naturally awaken keen and Rigid Constitutions," "The Action of interest; and the friendly hearing which any Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces on Politi- word of Mr. Bryce can command in America cal Constitutions," "The Commonwealth of will add considerably to the attention given Australia," and, last but not least, as a precious this new work of his. anomaly, the essay on the old constitution of Attention is aroused by the opening essays, the only permanent republic of pure Germanic wherein the author compares the two greatest origin, primitive Iceland. Although one of the . nations of European history, ancient and mod- briefer essays, this is nevertheless one of the ern, — the Romans and the English. The most interesting. The author is evidently study of Rome becomes nowadays more and delighted with this quaint old commonwealth, more a necessary introduction to historical whose peculiarities he explains with his cus- study in general, even among the English; and tomary lucidity. Mr. Bryce probably never no less than half the number of essays con- visited the historic isle, nor studied its ancient tained in Mr. Bryce's book are more or less laws; but he has drawn his information from directly concerned with the universal side of the next best source, the writings of the great Rome's rule. Of course, the similarity of jurist and Germanist Konrad Maurer, whose Roman and English political ideas instantly monographs and historical works hold so high presents itself, both countries establishing authority in Germanistic literature. Perhaps their law among many nations; and the simi. Mr. Bryce's account will awaken some interest, larity is to be noted, also, in their imperialistic even among American students, in the Ger. tendencies and their holding distant provinces manic North, where lie the true sources of an by means of colonization. As Mr. Bryce ex- understanding of Germanic life. presses it in his preface, “ The longer one lives These essays on constitutions, Mr. Bryce the more is one impressed by the close connec- supplements by others of a philosophical char- tion between the old Græco-Italian world and acter, in which he discusses “ Obedience,” our own. We are still very near the ancients." “The Nature of Sovereignty,” « The Law of The empire of India is the largest and so far Nature,” “The Relations of Lawand Religion,” the most successful experiment in England's essays which under any circumstances will imperial policy. The two first essays set forth command admiration for the author's clear the chief points of resemblance between Rome reasoning, observing mind, and judicious treat- and Great Britain. The subject is not treated ment. They are well adapted to the under- in any great detail, but what is said gives a standing of any thoughtful person, and will no sufficiently vivid impression of the difficulties doubt be of influence both in political and pro- encountered by each nation in governing a fessional life. foreign province. Of these difficulties, those One of the chief characteristics of the book felt by the English in properly ruling India is its prevalent tone of caution. Perhaps it is appear by all odds the more serious. Other due to this extremely temperate spirit that even essays related to these are the fourteenth and Mr. Bryce sometimes seems vague, and afraid fifteenth, which treat of methods of law. of broaching vital questions, - especially when making and the history of the development of treating of the far-reaching imperial policy jurisprudence in Rome and in England ; and of England, with which he perhaps does not these are among the most suggestive in the altogether sympathize. Thus, one of the few book. The last essay discussing kindred legal things which the reader accepts with incre- points is the one “On Marriage and Divorce dulity, even from Mr. Bryce, is the statement in Roman and English law,” which will not (pp. 119–120) that English law may become only excite interest in itself but to many will the law of all India and the Christian religion appear a timely addition to the present active supersede the native beliefs. This, it appears controversy regarding the revision of divorce to us, is to carry the comparison between Rome laws. The author's rather conservative view, and England too far. Of course, such an event which seems to consider frequency of divorce depends in the end upon the continuance of largely a convenient stepping-stone to polyg- English rule. “Experience,” says Mr. Bryce, amy, will doubtless be approved by many. "goes to show that no form of heathenism It is in modern constitutional law and his- does ultimately withstand the solvent power of - 1902.) 35 THE DIAL - adequate ne renowner of the proper pointers that are European science and thought.” But we doubt that some of these may not altogether be able exceedingly that an Occidental belief, even to meet the demands of modern criticism ; but, when fortified by science, — which, it may to quote his own words, “Life is short be remarked, generally helps to neutralize and it seems better to let what I have written, its force, - will ever transplant an Oriental under the constant pressure of other duties, belief, conceived and upheld as it is by the go forth now.” It seems but fitting to express far subtler power of distinguishing between the expectation that in view of the author's the apparent and the real which is inherent in well-earned popularity with the American pub- the Oriental mind. When one reads that, in lic, this last book of his should be at least as one part of India, out of a population num- widely read as his others have been. bering more than forty-four millions a little A. M. WERGELAND. more than a hundred thousand are Christians, who are again divided up into denominations, one does not know whether to laugh or to weep over the phantom of future Christiani- BOOKS ON THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE.* zation of the East in general and India in par- Dr. Hosmer has rightly judged the time ticular. Besides, if it is true, as many earnest voices assert — voices from among the En. appropriate for the publication of a popular account of the purchase of Louisiana. The glish residents themselves — that English rule has served only to impoverish India (Mr. dicated had he retained the title by which it of his book would have been better in. scope Bryce himself points to excessive taxation as was originally announced and called it “The one of the greatest dangers of English rule), Story” rather than “The History” of the how can the expensive English government be Louisiana Purchase. The work is distinctly maintained on an increasing public debt and a decreasing power of the population to yield readers of the younger class. intended for the general reader, and even for With this ob- adequate revenue? Mr. Bryce points to the ject in view, the author has enlarged upon the large area not yet under cultivation ; but re- dramatic and picturesque features of the event, formers point to the increasing frequency of and has either touched very lightly or omitted famine and plagues, the financial results of altogether the more abstruse and difficult ones. which may yet prove too much for even the British administration and its unlimited money His main purpose has been to show that the credit. And as for the ultimate sway of En- leon, and thus to correct the common opinion transfer was almost wholly the work of Napo- glish law, as long as the Hindoos themselves that it resulted from the superior insight and are not trained to administer it, or appointed wisdom of Jefferson. Jefferson's merit con- as justices of it, English law remains at best sisted almost solely in accepting the good for. an adaptation. The Oriental mind will by tune that befell him.' Dr. Hosmer tells the degrees outlive it, and rise to something more congenial with its own tendencies. Mr. Bryce brothers Joseph and Lucien over the sale, whole story of Napoleon's quarrel with his himself pictures what would be the result if which he is the first to render accessible England withdrew her forces ; but it is never- in English in its entirety. A somewhat fuller theless true that no nation as gifted as the account of the San Domingo revolt would have Hindoo can forever remain in bondage to a foreign and alien race so utterly unsympathetic have brought out more clearly the pressure been interesting and at the same time would to the mass of the people as the English has under which Napoleon acted. But measured proved itself to be. The awakening of the by its purpose the story is well told and the East must come; and when the united nations book entirely successful. For the student, it of Europe shall be able to cope with En- does not and is not intended to supersede the gland at sea, a European war will ensue which chapters in Mr. Adams's history. will seal the fate of English dominion in India. Upon one point Dr. Hosmer has tripped. Unhappily, these conjectures are not, as Mr. Marbois, in his account of the sale of Louisiana, Bryce suggests, merely speculative. The book concludes with two addresses, one says that Napoleon, wishing “to have the opinion of two ministers, who were familiar introductory, the other valedictory; the open- ing and closing of an activity as academic *THE HISTORY OF THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE. By James K. Hosmer. Illustrated. New York: D. Appleton & Co. teacher the best fruit of which these essays con- THE BOUNDARIES OF THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE. By tain. The author himself expresses the fear Louis Houck. St. Louis : Phillip Roeder's Bookstore. 36 (July 16, THE DIAL > with those countries,” summoned them to a lic right. His work shows a very considerable conference on Easter Sunday of 1803. To amount of investigation, but very little histor- one of the ministers “the administration of ical judgment. He seems to have adopted the the colonies was familiar"; the other had motto, “My country, right or wrong,” and, , served in the auxiliary army (l'armée auxil- upon that principle, to have knocked down to iare) sent by France to the United States the credit of the Louisiana Purchase every- during their revolution.” The first minister thing that has at any time been claimed for it. was Marbois himself, who was minister of Although the boundaries of Louisiana were finance, and had served in the United States never definitely described, its general extent in a diplomatic capacity and in San Domingo is perfectly clear and perfectly certain. It as Intendant of the colony. It was prob- included the Isle of Orleans east of the Mis- ably well understood, at the time Marbois sissippi, and the whole basin of that river and wrote, who the second minister was; but later its tributaries west of it. Mr. Houck claims writers have rather curiously omitted his iden- that it included in addition Florida west of the tification. Dr. Hosmer assumes that it was Perdido river, Texas, and Oregon. Decrès, minister of marine. This is scarcely The case of Florida is too clear for contro. possible. Decrès served in the fleet, and not versy. Having failed in their efforts to acquire in the army, as described by Marbois ; and he West Florida, the United States set up the was so young at the time, his service was so claim, under an apparent ambiguity in the short and his position so subordinate, that he treaty, that the part west of the Perdido was could scarcely have become “ familiar” with included in Louisiana. Historical facts, too America. The minister referred to was un. involved and complicated for present state- doubtedly Berthier, minister of war. Berthier ment, are absolutely conclusive against this served three years in the “ auxiliary army" in contention. Mr. Houck considers that the America, was aide-de-camp to Rochambeau, decision of the Supreme Court proved the attained the rank of colonel, and, after peace American construction ; but, although Mar- was negotiated, returned to France by way of shall did argue that the language of the treaty San Domingo. He thus had every opportunity would admit of either construction, and that of acquiring a knowledge of conditions both strong arguments might he adduced in sup- in the United States and in the colony. There port of the American one, be avoided any were, moreover, several reasons why Berthier inquiry into the merits of the question, and was most likely to be consulted. His relations based his judgment solely upon the ground with Napoleon were most confidential, he was that the court was bound to follow in such the negotiator of the preliminary treaty of St. questions the opinion of the political depart- Ildefonso for the retrocession of Louisiana, and, ments of the government. The claim to Texas in view of the fact that the sale of the province was threshed out in the negotiation of the turned upon war with England, he was, next Florida treaty, was revived in 1844 for politi- , after Napoleon himself, most directly interested cal purposes, and since then has been brought in the subject. Dr. Hosmer refers to Clay as forward from time to time by writers in search the author of the Missouri Compromise. The of a sensation. It rests wholly upon La Salle's statement is probably accidental, but it does short-lived and ill-fated colony. The colony seem as if the impression that Clay arranged itself was a mistake, and its whole effort was what we think of as the Missouri Compromise devoted to its abandonment. Whatever claims would never be effaced. might have resulted were forfeited by its im- Another Louisiana book is an historical mediate destruction. The Spanish occupation study,” by Mr. Louis Houck, entitled “ The of Texas was continuous from its earliest set- Boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase.” The tlement, and, even during the Spanish occu- ” author says that “ The fact that much erro- pation of Louisiana, Texas was maintained as neous information in regard to the boundaries a separate colony. It is true that Napoleon in- of the Louisiana Purchase has, during the last tended to extend Louisiana to the Rio Grande ; few years, been industriously circulated by the but what could be more absurd than to base a daily press and otherwise, must be the excuse claim of right upon an edict of Napoleon's? for the publication of this study.” Inasmuch Louisiana included as much of northeastern as Mr. Houck is himself wrong upon all the Texas as falls within the basin of tbe Red essential points, his little book will scarcely river, and that is all. The bulk of Mr. Houck's serve its intended purpose of setting the pub. I book is devoted to an argument to prove that 1902.) 87 THE DIAL a Louisiana included Oregon. The French claim that which marked Sherman's march from to Louisiana rested wholly upon the occupation Atlanta. His personal popularity caused his of the Mississippi basin ; and as there is no views, rather than those of Davis, to prevail. single instance of occupation beyond that Kruger, seeing clearly the inevitable end, per- basin, Louisiana could not possibly have in- sisted in a course which, as Mr. Adams states, cluded more, and all argument to the contrary he knew must result " in the probable destruc- falls to the ground. The United States never tion of one of the combatants, in great loss to claimed Oregon as a part of the Louisiana the other, and in utter disregard of the best Purchase, but as a result of it. The idea that interests of both." Mr. Adams has given in Louisiana included Oregon originated in an detail General Lee's actions and his discussions error in a map published in the Census of with his officers for the twenty-four hours be- 1870, which resulted from a misreading of the fore his final surrender, and gives him great map in Marbois's “ Louisiana," and this error and deserved credit for a course which was was perpetuated and disseminated for nearly perhaps the greatest factor in bringing the two a generation by the map of the United States warring factions of the nation to the present issued by the General Land Office. The Land The Land conditions of harmony. Office map has been corrected, but the im- The second and most important paper in Mr. pression produced by the old map upon many Adams's volume is entitled “The Treaty of minds still remains. F. H. HODDER. Washington," and refers to the treaty concluded between the United States and England pro- viding for the arbitration of the claim of the United States for damages suffered by our ESSAYS ON AMERICAN THEMES.* merchant marine from Confederate cruisers Charles Francis Adams writes no dull es- fitted out in English ports, which treaty also says. From hiss Chapters of Erie,” in which, made a new standard in reference to the rights more than thirty years ago, he first made his of private property in cases of war. Mr. Adams, bow to the reading public, to his just pub through access to papers of his father, - who lished volume, “Lee at Appomattox, and Other was our ambassador in London during the Civil Papers,” he has written upon a great variety War, and afterward a member of the Court of of important topics, but always with a ripe Arbitration, - and also to the papers of Ham- . scholarship, a grace of style, and a thorough ilton Fish, has been enabled to give an inside understanding of the subject discussed, which account, and a most interesting one, of the endow his volumes with a perennial charm. origin and adjustment of such claims, much of The opening paper, which gives title to the which is wholly new to the general public. volume, is in effect a contrast between the The English Cabinet took the position that methods of General Lee of the Confederate while it would be an infraction of the laws of army and President Kruger in South Africa. neutrality for ships of war to be built and The capture of Pretoria by General Roberts, equipped in English shipyards, and sold to the in June, 1900, was the Appomattox of the Confederacy, yet it was no infraction of the South African Republic. After each battle, the law for unequipped war-ships to be built and result of the war was no longer doubtful. But 80 sold, and for the armament of such ships to in the Southern States still existed Confederate be built and so sold, in case the armament was armies of magnitude, and throughout the Con. not put aboard the ship in an English port. federacy was the feeling of great bitterness So the “ Alabama was built as a war vessel, toward the North. Jefferson Davis, after the and sailed from Liverpool to the Azores. At surrender of Lee's army, issued a proclamation the date of her sailing her armament and mu- worthy of Kruger, urging that a guerrilla war- nitions of war were shipped on another vessel fare be kept up until the North should drop from London to the same port, and were the contest from sheer exhaustion. But Lee there transferred to the ship. This method of was a man of broader and grander type. He getting around the spirit of the law was saw that the Confederacy was doomed, and sanctioned by the English Cabinet, and up- had the wisdom to take a course which should held by the Courts. Three vessels, the “ Flor. stop the needless effusion of blood and save ida," • Alabama,” and “Shenandoah,” were the Southern States from a devastation like thus fitted out, and preyed destructively upon *LEE AT APPOMATTOX, and Other Papers. By Charles our commerce. The English position was Francis Adams. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. based upon a sympathy on the part of the 38 [July 16 THE DIAL in the crucible in war. a governing classes for the South, a belief by BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. these classes that the South would win its independence, and a desire to promote the English poetry An attempt to consider scientifically lucrative business of building ships for the the general phenomena of poetry and of the scientist. world in English shipyards. After a time, is the avowed purpose of Prof. Mark H. Liddells to suggest a new system of prosody aided by the gradual triumph of the Northern “ Introduction to the Scientific Study of English armies, the English people became awakened Poetry” (Doubleday). In this book the theories to the dangers of their position in case their presented are based upon the belief that language nation, owning nearly half the merchant and literature offer a field for scientific treatment marine of the world, should become involved much like that of economics or ethics. Professor Such a war, for instance, as that Liddell sets aside all definitions and “present no- which has prevailed in South Africa would tions” of poetry, and calls them “vague and bewil- have allowed such nations as the United States dering," " literary and not scientific,” based upon “the emotional susceptibility of the individual to or Germany, under this precedent established by England, to cover the ocean with privateers solate and catholic concepts of science." All such respond to poetic phenomena, and not upon the ab- carrying the flag of the Dutch Republic, to general notions of the nature of poetic phenomena the utter destruction of the English merchant the author considers quite valueless for the study of navy. Thereupon the English government poetry; and after several pages devoted to the in- stopped the further building of privateers ; adequacy of present definitions he arrives at a defi- and then followed years of diplomacy, whereby nition of poetry of his own making, which reads as England sought to render ineffective the follows: “Poetry is literature, usually of a high de- precedent she had herself established, and gree of Human Interest, which in addition to its the United States to recover damages for the Human Interest has in it an added Æsthetic Interest due to the arrangement of some easily recognizable work of the English-built privateers. These negotiations were completed during the presimulation into a form of esthetic appeal for which an and constantly present concomitant of thought-for- dency of General Grant, and largely through appreciative Æsthetic Sentiment has been gradually the work of his premier, Hamilton Fish. The developed in the minds of those who habitually history of the rupture between Charles Sumner think by means of the language in which the poetry and General Grant's administration, one factor is written.” By the aid of an algebraic formula, in which was the recall of Mr. Motley (who, Professor Liddell is enabled to express this defi- because he owed his appointment to Sumner, nition of poetry in the following concise form: conceived his duty to be to report to Sumner +HI+VF,- meaning "ideas formulated in rather than to the State Department), from his terms of correlated sound-group-images " + Human position as Embassador to England, is fully ceeds to show the inadequacy of the present system Interest + Verse Form. Professor Liddell then pro- and most interestingly told by Mr. Adams. of English prosody, and states that in his treatment Another article, entitled “ Au Undeveloped of the subject of poetry from a strictly bistorical and Function," embodies the suggestion that our inductive point of view he at the outset parts com. various Historical Societies, from a broad pany with the usual treatises on English prosody. standpoint, should endeavor to shed light by Historically, his book is decidedly disappointing, as their discussions on political questions of na- there is practically no account given of the differ- tional importance. In “ A National Change ent kinds of poetry nor their stages of development; of Heart" is indicated the reason of the friend. and the author's inductive point of view has led him ship which of late has developed in England into some strange inferences and generalizations, to toward the United States. which it would not be unjust to apply his own ad- jectives "vague and bewildering." His system of The whole volume is most interesting and prosody involves much that is revolutionary and is instructive; it is one of the comparatively few destructive of well established rules, and, "failing books of the year of permanent value. Mr. scientific formulation and scientific terminology, Adams has been not alone a man of letters, he has invented a nomenclature and notation of his but a man of affairs,— has successfully man. own which is too eccentric to be helpful. For aged great corporations, has travelled widely, “ verse” he substitutes the words “thought-mo- and been on terms of intimacy with many of ment”; for "feet,” “waves of impulse”; and he the most notable statesmen and diplomats of prefers to do away with the use of any terms used his period. From this training and experience in classic prosody. We cannot see that Professor few men now living could have so clearly dis- Liddell has added anything to the excellent work which has already been done in the study of English cussed the subjects treated in the volume. prosody. His methods and his style are for the FRANKLIN H. HEAD. most part unsatisfactory, and his theories may most & 1902.] 39 THE DIAL safely be regarded - to use the words of Profes- wbich dates all modern civilization. In a broad and sor Francis B. Gummere in his admirable “Hand- general sense, the Renaissance has not ended yet; book of Poetics” — 28 among “those sweeping but in its more limited and customary application changes of recent writers which are in so many cases it stands for the hundred years between the death merely destructive of old theory without offering of Giovanni de' Medici — the founder of the great- solid basis for new rules.” ness of the family (1428)- and the Sack of Rome (1527) under the Medicean Pope, Clement VII. Nature and A reasonably full, accurate, and it was a century of romance and fascination, a It origin of the popular treatment of the nebular mingled web of good and ill; and throughout all solar system. theory of the evolution of the solar its central figures are seen to be the successive rep- system has long been a desideratum. Sir Robert resentatives of this Florentine family of merchant Ball has at last supplied this in his latest volume princes — Giovanni, Cosimo his son, Lorenzo his entitled “The Earth's Beginning” (Appleton). great-grandson, and Giovanni, afterwards Pope Like “Star-land,” by the same author, this volume Leo X., his great-great-grandson. Had these failed had its origin in a series of lectures given to to take the deep and absorbing interest they did in audiences of young people under the auspices of the movement, it would not have accomplished that the Royal Institution of Great Britain. But, un- mission of the intellectual regeneration of Europe like the earlier volume, the present one will be which it was destined to achieve; in all probabil. best appreciated by adult readers. After a gen- ity it would have died down into a mere philo- eral statement of the nebular theory, and a de- logical "insect-study logical “insect-study” of the Greek and Latin scription of some of the most notable nebulæ, with classics, without effecting that stimulation of life, special reference to those of spiral form - since thought, and enterprise of which one of the results this has now been shown by photography to be the was the discovery of the New World.” Recent typical form — the author considers the sun. He investigations and a more critical analysis of their shows that the heat of the orb of day is now main. policy have tempered on the one hand the indis- tained by the same process of contraction that has criminate eulogies of Roscoe, and on the other hand been going on for ages, and reasons backward to have disproved many of the charges brought against the primeval nebula in which the solar system them by Sismondi and Gino Capponi. Mr. Smeaton originated. Next follows one of the most interesting admits that their crimes were manifold ; that the portions of the book, in which our knowledge of character of even the best of them was all too fre- the present state of the earth's interior is set forth quently stained with the vices of their age to a admirably, with a discussion of seismic and volcanic degree reprobated even in that age when moral phenomena. Several chapters are then devoted to squeamishness was not general. But notwith- the evidences for the truth of the nebular hypothesis standing all, he feels that their services to the derived from our planetary system. The book Renaissance cover their multitude of sins. Certainly closes with a series of short appendices giving it is cause for gratitude that at last we have a small mathematical explanations of matters of interest book which describes minutely and consecutively in connection with the contraction of a nebula. the precise nature of these services, and eliminates Here and there the critical reader will detect a from the tangled web of Florentine politics and minor blemish; three of these we may mention. Florentine history such clear character-studies of Near the bottom of page 36 the foci of certain these makers of the modern time. ellipses are said to lie at the sun's centre; on page 55 Professor Barnard is given credit which properly Every traveller in Egypt, every The sacred beetle belongs to Professor Bailey; on page 252 we read reader of Egyptian history, and of Egypt. of "the area which each particle of the planet de- every antiquarian, has seen a scar- scribes,” which is clearly not the author's meaning. abæus. Several works have been published which But minor inaccuracies like these detract little exhibit a large number of these carious old bugs. from the solid merit of the book. It is excellently Mr. John Ward, who published "Pyramids and printed on heavy paper, and is embellished with four Progress” a couple of years ago, has now put out colored plates and sixty-three other illustrations, “The Sacred Beetle, a Popular Treatise on Egyptian most of which are taken from celestial photographs. Scarabs in Art and History” (Scribner). It answers the question “What is a searab ?” in a simple and The eleventh volume of The popular manner. We find in the back of the book Makers of World's Epoch-Makers” (Scribner) sixteen full-page collotype plates of scarabs, not Modern Europe. is devoted to “ The Medici and the from pen-and-ink drawings as found in earlier Italian Renaissance," and is written by the editor works, but from elegant well-reproduced photo- of the series, Mr. Oliphant Smeaton, M.A. The graphs, giving the exact form and face of the purpose of the volume is to trace the continuity of originals, which belong to periods stretching from aim which moved the various members of the great the third down to the twenty-fifth dynasty. Each house of Medici, and show by what steps and in scarab is described, and if it contains an inscription what forms they contributed to that wonderful this is given in hieroglyphics and translation. Oc. period known as the Italian Renaissance, from casionally the author gives a bit of personal experi- 40 [July 16, THE DIAL - on art-volume about Siona. > a a a ence, - for he has travelled much in Egypt, The latest volumes of the “Riverside Art volumes on connected with the finding of a certain scarab. Tuscan sculpture, Art Series” (Houghton) are Some of his finest royal scarabs are those belonging and Van Dyck. “ Tuscan Sculpture” and “Van « to the reign of Thothemes III., Egypt's “Alexander Dyck.” Their general features are similar to those the Great.” Besides the plates of scarabs, the book of their predecessors, — critical Introduction, Books contains ninety-two illustrations in the text, most of of Reference, Historical Directory, and Biographical them of value in understanding the scarabs under Data, followed by fifteen pictures with descriptive survey on the same or the accompanying page. text of two or three pages for each. As a repre- Such popular works are immensely helpful in pre- sentative selection, the choice in “ Tuscan Sculp- senting an otherwise technical subject. ture is open to criticism. Donatello is represented by five examples, Luca and Andrea della Robbia by A sumptuous The literary portion of Mr. Gilbert This three each, and Jacopo della Quercia by one. Hastings's volume on "Siena, Its “ is well; but why should the comparatively minor Architecture and Art” (De La More artist Mino da Fiesole have two examples, Nanni Press, London) is in length not more than an average di Banco and Rosellino each one, while Ghiberti, magazine article, — scarcely enough to necessitate the most epoch-making name of the period, is not the index with which it is nevertheless provided. It even mentioned ? Ghiberti's bronze doors for the is a nearly square quarto of 55 pages, and is, as it is Florence Baptistery are the most remarkable works undoubtedly intended to be, a book to delight the of sculpture finished during the earlier Renaissance; eyes of the bibliophile,-made so by the choice of -made so by the choice of and a book, however elementary, which ignores them paper, type, and artistic printing, by photogravures must be regarded as inadequate. In the volume and full-page illustrations in half-tone. The plain on Van Dyck the selection is good and representa- board cover is evidently intended to be replaced by tive, being divided about equally between portraits the possessor with binding according to his indi- and subject-pieces. This artist's merits and limi- . vidual taste. As a souvenir of a visit to Siena it is tat tations are clearly pointed out, and the reasons also a delight. That the reader may gain informa- given why, although not ranking among the world's tion which the letter-press fails to give, and be foremost masters, Van Dyck is nevertheless a aided to a greater appreciation of the architectural notable and indeed a beloved figure in art history. and art history of this much-neglected Italian city, the book is furnished with a brief bibliography; The elaborate celebration by Dart- The greatest son but the greater number of titles given therein are mouth College of the centennial anni. of Dartmouth. of papers which have appeared in the periodical versary of the graduation of the press; and it would seem that a person desirous of greatest of her sons was marked by the excellent learning much of Siena would be doomed to disap- oration of Congressman McCall on the life and work pointment even after having consulted all that is of Daniel Webster, which has now appeared in a therein indicated. tasteful little volume published by Messrs. Houghton, Miffin & Co. There is none of the gorgeous rhetoric Two heroic English kings, Edward that characterized Rufus Choate's splendid eulogy Two heroic I. and Henry V., are the subjects of delivered from the same platform fifty years ago; English kings. recent additions to the “Heroes of but the oration contains a fine summary of the im- the Nations” series (Putnam). Both volumes are portant facts in Webster's life, and expresses what written by trained historians and are authoritative must be in the main the judgment of history upon accounts in antechnical form of the periods of bis- him as lawyer, orator, and statesman. In all, he tory covered. The volume on Edward, by Mr. is ranked as among the greatest; while in oratory Edward Jenks, opens with a sketch of the Middle he is put at the head of all who have used the En. Ages in Europe and the Emergence of Modern glish language, unless Burke may be allowed to stand Europe, and then treats of Edward as soldier, beside him." The oration was in every way worthy statesman, and lawgiver. It is a book of value for of the great occasion that called it forth, and will reference or for mature readers, but it will hardly be of permanent value for both its form and its attract one who is not making a serious study of the content. history of the period. The life of Henry V. has more of general interest, owing to the attractive BRIEFER MENTION. personality of the king, to his brilliant and startling successes over a greater and stronger nation, and to When Professor J. L. ughlin's “ Elements of the gloom of preceding and following reigns. Henr Political Economy" was first published fifteen years was a real hero, and the stripping process to which ago, it was the best text then obtainable for high school use. Since then, numerous excellent texts have modern writers are subjecting the heroes of old robs appeared, and it has been subjected to keen competi- him of nothing but some traditional stories of a later tion. In its unrevised condition, it had fallen behind in date that were little to his credit. This book also, the race for favor, and was getting less representative written by Mr. Charles L. Kingsford, is one of per- of present day economic theory with every year. Now manent value as well as interest. that a new revised edition has been put forth by the 1902.] 41 THE DIAL 9 9 » " American Book Co., it becomes again probably the best where books and pamphlets were published, the name text for its purposes to be had. Yet the revision has of publisher, number of pages, and size, and in the case not been as thoroughgoing as we could have wished. of articles, the month, and page where article begins. Some of the charts have not been extended to date; Mr. Burpee's address is 351 Stewart Street, Ottawa, the old erroneous illustration of the law of diminishing Canada. returns is repeated; the disingenuous denial of “double A revised Allen and Greenough's Cicero (Select profits” to note-issuing national banks is restated, and Orations and Letters), prepared by Messrs. J. B. the absurdly childish exercises have not been detected. Greenough and G. L. Kittredge, has just been pub- But the book is so sound and lucid in its fundamentals lished by Messrs. Ginn & Co., with notes, illustrations, that we must give it high praise, in spite of these and and a special vocabulary. other defects. A school reading-book of “Sketches of Great “ Is it true, as is suggested by Miss Augusta N. Painters for Young People,” by Miss Colonna Murray Campbell Davidson in her « Translations from Lucian” Dallin, is published by Messrs. Silver, Burdett, & Co. (Longmans), that the clear-visioned philosopher of There are twenty-one subjects, each with one or more Samosata “ has fallen at the present day almost illustrations indifferently reproduced. wholly out of general reading”? We are not altogether “ The Past and Present of Japanese Commerce," sure of this, although, as a matter of course, Lucian by Dr. Yetaro Kinosita, and “ The Eastern Question: does not command the audience of Homer and Virgil, A Study in Diplomacy,” by Dr. Stephen Pierce Hayden or even of Cicero and Plato. At any rate, we may Duggan, are two Columbia University “Studies in welcome and commend to the attention of those who History, Economics, and Public Law” just sent us by know not this most delightful writer the volume that the Columbia University Press. Miss Davidson has made. She gives us seven selections Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. publish “ The Principles in all, including “The Sale of the Philosophers," of Logic,” by Dr. Herbert Austin Aikins. The author's “Hermotimus," " Teus the Tragedian," and the study aim has been to treat deduction, as well as induction, of the false prophet Alexander of Abonotichus. The translation reads well and is the work of a painstaking from the objective standpoint, and even omits the tra- ditional rules of the syllogism. A very valuable set of student. exercises is appended to this text. “ The Story of the Art of Music,” by Mr. Fred- erick J. Crowest, is published by the Messrs. Appleton NOTES. in their “Library of Useful Stories.” Opening the little book at random, we come upon the statement “ Europe," by Mr. Frank G. Carpenter, is a new that “ Tschaikowsky still lives.” This is probably not volume of “Carpenter's Geographical Readers,” pub- typical of the general accuracy of the book, but it is lished by the American Book Co. "A Guide to the Best Historical Novels and Tales," | The Modern Astronomy” of Mr. Herbert H. Turner a quite unpardonable blunder. classified by centuries, and compiled by Mr. Jonathan is published in a “second impression" by Messrs. Nield, has just been published by the Messrs. Putnam. E. P. Dutton & Co. It is not a text-book, but rather The origin of the old French epic called the “Cov- a readable combination of description with narration enant Vivien” is the subject of a monograph by Mr. which sets forth the progress made in astronomy during Raymond Weeks, published in “ The University of the last quarter-century, largely through the application Missouri Studies.” to the science of dry plate photography. A new edition, with an appendix, of Mr. Frederic Messrs. Woodward & Lothrop, Washington, are the Rowland Marvin's compilation of “ Last Words of publishers of Mrs. L. W. Maynard's “ Birds of Wash- Distinguished Men and Women" is published by the ington and Vicinity," which now appears in a revised Fleming H. Revell Co. edition, with an introduction by Miss Florence Mer- Mr. William Garrott Brown's semi-philosophical and riam Bailey. The same publishers send us the second eminently readable “ Atlantic Monthly” article on edition of “ Esther Burr's Journal,” edited by Mr. “Golf," has been made into a neat booklet by Messrs. Jeremiah Eames Rankin, and printed in black letter, Houghton, Mifflin & Co. with illustrations. “The King in Yellow” includes some of the best Miss Mary E. Bart, who has done so much to help short stories that Mr. R. W. Chambers has ever writ- children to an understanding of good literature, has ten, and we note with pleasure the reappearance of the just edited, with the aid of Miss Lucy Cable, an volume, with illustrations, from the press of the Messrs. abridgment of “Don Quixote de La Mancha,” taken Harper. from the translations of Duffield and Shelton. The The first volume of Mr. C. Oman's “ History of the book is published by the Messrs. Scribner in their Peninsular War,” which will shortly be issued from “ Series of School Reading,” and is the eighth volume the Oxford University Press, deals with the events of that series for which Miss Burt is reponsible. from the treaty of Fontainebleau to the battle of “ True Tales of Birds and Beasts,” edited by Presi- Corunna - 1807-1809. dent David Starr Jordan, is published by the Messrs. Mr. Lawrence J. Burpee has in preparation, for the Heath in their series of « Home and School Classics." Royal Society of Canada, a bibliography of Canadian The book consists, as the editor says, of “animal publications issued during the year 1901. He will be stories which are true and which are also good for very grateful for any information as to books, pam- children to read." Among the authors are Thoreau, phlets, magazine articles, or papers in society trans- Irving, Mr. Joaquin Miller, and President Jordan him- actions, published during 1901, by Canadians ; and self, who reprints “ The Story of a Salmon " from his especially would like to be furnished with data as to collection of “Science Sketches." 9 9 9 42 (July 16, THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 53 titles, includes books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] RELIGION. A Dictionary of the Bible, Dealing with its Language, Literature, and Contents, including the Biblical Theology, Edited by James Hastings, M.A., D.D. Vol. IV., Ple- roma-Zuzim. Illus., 4to, pp. 991. Charles Scribner's Sons. $6. (Sold only by subscription.) The Religion of the Teutons. By P. D. Chantepie de la Saussaye. Trans. from the Dutch by Bert J. Vos. 8vo, * Handbooks on the History of Religions." Ginn & Co. $2.50. pp. 504. BIOGRAPHY. Life and Letters of Thomas Cromwell. By Roger Bigelow Merriman, A.M., B.Litt. In 2 vols., 8vo. Oxford Uni- versity Press. $4.50 net. Charles Eliot: Landscape Architect. Illus, in_photogra- vure, etc., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 770. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $3.50 net. HISTORY. A History of the Peninsular War. By Charles Oman, M.A. Vol. I., 1807–1809, From the Treaty of Fontaine- bleau to the Battle of Corunna. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 656. Oxford University Press. $3.50 net. NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. Sheridan's Playe. Now Printed as He Wrote Them; and His Mother's Unpublished Comedy: A Journey to Bath. Edited by W. Fraser Rae. With an Introduction by Sheridan's Great-grandson, the Marquess of Dufferin and Ava. 8vo, uncut, pp. 318. London: David Nutt. POETRY AND VERSE. Some of the Rhymes of Ironquill. (A Book of Moods). Eleventh edition ; 12mo, gilt top, pp. 365. G. P. Putnam's Sons. Songs of the Press, and Other Adventures in Verse. By Bailey Millard. 12mo, uncut, pp. 113. San Francisco : Elder & Shepard. FICTION. Belshazzar: A Tale of the Fall of Babylon. By William Stearns Davis. Illus., 12mo, pp. 427. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.50. Told by the Death's Head: A Romantic Tale. By Maurus Jokái; translated by S. E. Boggs. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 348. Saalfield Pub'g Co. $1.50. An English Girl in Paris. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 331. John Lane. $1.50. Rataplan, Rogue Elephant, and other Stories. By Ellen Velvin. Illus, in color, 12mo, pp. 328. Henry Al- temus Co. $1.25. Mrs. Tree. By Laura E. Richards. Illus., 16mo, gilt top, pp. 282. Dana Estes & Co. 75 cts. The Credit of the County. By W. E. Norris. 12mo, Appletons' Town and Country Library." D. Appleton & Co. Paper, 50 cts. The Blue Diamond. By Roswell W. Keene. 12mo, pp. 477. Abbey Press. $1.50. NATURE AND SCIENCE. The Common Spiders of the United States. By James H. Emerton. Illus., 12mo, pp. 225. Gion & Co. $1.50 net. In a Tuscan Garden. Illas., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 419. John Lane. $1.50 net. 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TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION. The Lake Counties. By W. G. Collingwood. Illus., 16mo, Dent's County Guides." E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50 net. Three Years on the Blockade: A Naval Experience. By I. E. Vail. 12mo, pp. 171. Abbey Press. $1.25. Cruising in the West Indies. By Anson Phelps Stokes. With map, 12mo, pp. 126. Dodd, Mead & Co. GENERAL LITERATURE. Sohrab and Rustem: The Epic Theme of a Combat be- tween Father and Son. By Murray Anthony Potter, M.A. 12mo, uncut, pp. 234. London: David Nutt. Character Building. Being Addresses Delivered on Sunday Evenings to the Students of Tuskegee Institute. By Booker T. Washington. With frontispiece, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 291. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.50 net. The Last Words of Distinguished Men and Women. Collected from various Sources by Frederic Rowland Marvin. New edition ; 12mo, pp. 354. Fleming H, Revell Co. $1.50 net. Folk-Tales of Napoleon. Trans. with Introduction by George Kennan. 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 107. 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Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All communications should be addressed to THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. No. 387. AUG. 1, 1902. Vol. XXXIII. CONTENTS. PAGE A YEAR OF CONTINENTAL LITERATURE—I. 49 54 a 55 . 58 60 REMINISCENCES OF TWENTY YEARS. Percy F. Bicknell. .. THE LAUREATE OF THE REVOLUTION. Clark S. Northup RECOLLECTIONS OF THE AMERICAN STAGE. Ingram A. Pyle RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne Carmichael's Life of John William Walshe, F.S.A. —“ Benjamin Swift's ” The Game of Love. -Mrs. Dudeney's Spindle and Plough. “Graham Trav- ers's " The Way of Escape. - Miss Price's Angelot. - Mrs. Woods's So of the Sword. Marriott Watson's The House Divided. — Marchmont's Sar- ita, the Carlist. - Harland's My Lady Paramount. - Murray's Mlle. Fouchette. — Cable’s Bylow Hill. -Sullivan's The Courage of Conviction. - Miss Sedgwick's The Rescue. Mrs. Pullen's Mr. Whit- man. - - Miss Van Vorst's Philip Longstreth. — Miss Mackie's The Washingtonians. NOTES ON NOVELS Mrs. Banks's Oldfield. - Davis's Ranson's Folly.- Raine's A Welsh Witch. - Miss Morris's A Paste- board Crown. Wilson's The Spenders. — Pain's The One Before. — Miss Williams's The Late Re- turning. — Hill's The Minority. - Harben's Abner Daniel. Miss Rives's Hearts Courageous. Farmer's Brinton Eliot. Edna Lyall's ” The Hinderers. - Holland's My Japanese Wife. — Nor- ris's The Credit of the County.--Mrs. Cotes's Those Delightful Americans. -- Kenyon's Amor Victor.- Mrs. Rowe's A Maid of Bar Harbor. - Altsheler's My Captive. Vincent's Margaret Bowlby. – Marsh's Not on the Chart.-- Mrs. Stevens's In the Eagle's Talon. Marchmont's Miser Hoadley's Secret.- Miss Velvin's Rataplan.—Davis's Belshaz- zar. - Miss Jordan's Tales of Destiny.-- Gordon's Strangers at the Gate. Mrs. Thruston's A Girl of Virginia. --- Hastings's Mistress Dorothy of Haddon Hall. - Miss Devereux's Lafitte of Louisiana. Carson's The Fool. – Mrs. Kirk's A Remedy for Love. Sabatini's The Suitors of Yvonne. NOTES Following our custom of many years, we have prepared, for this and a following num- ber of THE DIAL, a summary of the valuable reports upon the European literatures of the past twelvemonth, published in “The Athe- næum ” for July 5. There are twelve reports in all, and we now present, largely condensed, the following five: Belgium, by Professor Paul Fredericq; Bobemia, by Dr. V. Tille ; Den- mark, by Dr. Alfred Ipsen; France, by M. Jules Pravieux; and Germany, by Dr. Ernst Heilborn. The remaining seven will be sum- marized in a later issue. Sweden and Norway are not represented in this year's reports, which is a matter for much regret. Professor Fredericq opens his Belgian report by calling attention to the new Congo litera- ture that has arisen of recent years. He then proceeds to the consideration of belles-lettres in the following terms : • In the field of literature, pure and simple, the Bel- gian triumvirate which has migrated to Paris retains its supremacy; I mean Maeterlinck, Lemonnier, and Rodenbach. The last of the three has been taken be- fore his time, but he is still alive for us in his drama · Le Mirage,' which abounds in his special quality of refined archness. M. Camille Lemonnier is a contrast to him in his violence. Brought up at the assizes at Bruges and accused of pornographic tendencies, he has revenged himself by his novel • Les Deux Consciences,' in which he confronts a realistic writer with a pious magistrate of Bruges. Published first in the Grande Revue' at Paris, this deep-cut record of passion has been very successful. Another novel by M. Lemonnier deals also with Belgium, but raral surroundings. Le " Vent dans les Moulins' exhibits the awakening of the Flemish peasants which is due to universal suffrage and the birth of the party of Christian democracy. This book forms a companion piece to that of M. Cyriel Buysse I noticed last year, A Lion of Flanders,'bat in spite of M. Lemonnier's ability his attractive idyl is perverted because he does not know the true Flemish peasant thoroughly. The last of the trio, M. Maurice Maeterlinck, a book from whom is a European event, has published this year · Le Temple Enseveli'; but his especial and exquisite surprise for us is his superb Italian drama of the fifteenth century, Monna Vanna.' I need not speak here at length of two books which all the world has read or will read." A new and noteworthy literary phenomenon is presented by M. Léopold Conrouble’s “Famille 64 9 6 66 68 TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS 69 LIST OF NEW BOOKS 69 . 50 (August 1, THE DIAL 66 Kackebroek,” a droll novel of Brussels man- “ This mysticism is an interesting, but isolated phe- ners, which we should judge from the descrip- nomenon on the Bohemian Parnassus, having created for itself a language of its own, full of rich, high-flown, tion to be not unlike the popular chronicles of almost exalted imagery, which snatches up the reader the Buchholz Family, which took Berlin by into mystical spheres of a visionary world.” storm some fifteen years ago. Among scholarly One dramatic production of the year, Mr. Sim- books, mention is made of the Balzac studies . of M. de Spoelberch de Louven joul; of acek's naturalistic play " The Lost Ones,” “L'Historie de la Coöpération en Belgique, caused a great stir among the critics. by M. Louis Bertrand ; of “L'Organisation “ The author tries to copy real life — that is to say, the low everyday life of lost existences — and gives du Suffrage Universel en Belgique,” by M. details which are the less poetical the truer they are. Léon Dupriez; and of “L'Evolutionnisme en 1 | On the stage the play had no success, but the work is Morale," a critique of the Spencerian philoso- not abortive in spite of that. The author had a special phy by M. Jean Halleux. Flemish writings object in view, and carried it out consistently — to include “ The Field of Flax,” a “really beau- bring out the moral misery of a certain class in such types as are found ready-made in life.” tiful poem” by M. René de Clercq; two pretty operas; and village or peasant tales by "Stijn Danish literature offers no very striking Streuvels," M. Herman Teirlinck, and M. Pol recent developments, although Dr. Ipsen finds de Mont. a number of interesting books upon which to Dr. Tille's Bohemian summary says: report. His own critical study of the work of Dr. Georg Brandes is too modestly men- “The greatest stir in social and literary circles was caused by Mr. Macbar's • Feuilletons,' a collection of tioned at the end of his article, an injustice reminiscences of the hard life of a student and struggles which we now repair by giving it the first of a literary beginner who, in time, turned out one of place in this abstract. A great historical our prominent authors. He draws here with startling trilogy of the sixteenth century in Denmark truthfulness sketches of persons with whom he had intercourse, of the difficulties of a life which often has been written by Herr Johannes Jensen, a troubles and depresses youthful talent, and supplies work in which “there is not an ounce of history glimpses of his own mental development." or study, only a picturesque display of human In fiction, the author remarks, " a desire pre- “ a life in its natural strength and colour.” Herr vails to portray as far as possible the realities Johannes Jörgensen has written two books on of life, which is a sign of an honest artistic Italy, “ Romerske Masaiker” and “ Romerske tendency." Among the novels mentioned are Helgene,” dealing with the country not “ as the “ With Us," by Mr. Alvis Jerasék; “ Ours," cradle of art and the home of beauty, but as by Mr. Holocek; “Where Do the Children the home of the Church.” “Sejr og Thora," Go?” by Mr. Klostermann; “The Romance by Herr Peder Möller, is "a big novel in of Ivo,” by Mr. Sova; “ Rina,” by Mr. Kron- which rustic simplicity is contrasted with the bauer; and “Passion and Strength and emptiness and frivolities of the capital, which “ Punishment,” two novels of modern social he considers a great centre of moral infection.” life by Mr. Hladik. The following general Herr Harald Kidde is “a young and very statement is of interest : promising man who has written a most beau- “ The desire to achieve a specially Bohemian novel tiful book, in which he portrays all the tender appears in the younger generation of writers very pal feelings of a refined boy who leaves a lovely pably, but as yet endeavor is more frequent than home to face the rough winds of the world and accomplishment, although many of the results are in- the experiences of life." This book, which is teresting enough. The older writers have worked out to be continued in a second volume, is en- a distinct and comparatively good type of historical novel, and have made some creditable attempts at the titled “ Aage og Else,” those being the names social and conversational novel besides. The latest of the hero and heroine. Other works of fic- efforts are devoted to the psychological narrative, with tion are “ Gæring,” by Herr Jacob Knudsen; a social or artistic background.” Hjertets Gerninger," by Herr Sven Lange; Poetry is chiefly represented by the two vet- “ Race,” by Herr Frederic Poulsen ; “Hallin- erans, Messrs. Machar and Vrchlicky. The gerne,” by Herr Theodor Ewald. An incur- former has published “Golgotba,” and the lat- sion into old romance is the poet Herr Ernst ter two volumes, “I Let the World Pass by von der Recke's drama “Det Lukkede Land," Me,” and “Cid in the Light of Spanish written in blank verse, and dealing with the , Romance.” “Hands," by Mr. Brezina, is a . English tradition of King Arthur and his collection of poems of mystical or visionary Court, with Guinevere and Lancelot. In lyric tendency. poetry, there are several meritorious collec- > > > . 1902.) 51 THE DIAL > > passus. tions : “Dansk Tunge," by Herr V. Rördam ; M. François de Curel, in “ La Fille Sauvage,” “Roserne," by Herr Aage Metthison-Hansen; “ Has sketched the symbolic legend of Humanity. The “Spé,” by Herr Viggo von Stuckenberg; and idea is lofty and beautiful, though, unfortunately, the “Undervejs,” by Herr Olaf Hansen, in which incident chosen to represent it is improbable and out of are found some beautiful verses called “ In the place. The author has attempted to crowd into the play, the action of which takes place in a few years, Town of the Ruins ” (Visby, in Gotland), and the immense psychical evolution of humanity through- a few songs to Iceland, which is seldom thought out the ages. This compression brings about effects of in Danish poetry. But the author is a con- which are abrupt and not always sublime.” noisseur of its literature and a lover of its Other noteworthy plays of the year are scenery. “L'Archiduc Paul," by M. Abel Hermant; M. Jules Pravieux, discussing the condition “ Le Nuage,” by M. Gustave Guiche ; and of contemporary French literature, takes ex- “La Terre," a dramatization of M. Zola's ception to the current reproach of “anarchy, " well-known novel. French poetry has been en- arguing that riched by M. Ary Renan's “ Rêves d'Artiste," “What is so styled is, as we shall see in the course of M. Albert Samain's “Le Chariot d'Or," M. this literary sketch, nothing more than a great variety Charles Guerin's “ Semeur de Cendres,” the of works and of talent. When we have reviewed the • Stances ” of M. Jean Moréas, and the “ Pe- dramatic, poetic, philosophic, historic, and sociological tites Légendes” of M. Emile Verhaeren. But works, the fiction and books of criticism, which have M. Pravieux feels constrained to say: been published since our last review, and which have made their mark among the successes of the year, we “ If we are not actually wanting in poets, not one of that sball arrive, I think, at the following conclusion The them has produced a work which is irresistible. there is something better to do than to depreciate and school which they represent marks a phase in poetic reject all that is not fashioned after one particular evolution, but no single man seems to bave talent great model, and that is to receive with equal eagerness, from enough to distinguish that phase by his own name. whatever quarter they come, by whatever ideal they are Symbolism remains apparently something more or less inspired, those works which offer an original interpre- anonymous. We owe it much, because, partly by in- tation of beauty — one perhaps in its essence, but infi- spiration, partly by execution, it has given new life to a nitely varied in its form." poetry long concealed by the brilliant rhetoric of Par- But Parnassus bas left behind it several defi- The drama continues to offer the most note- nite performances, and the symbolists have, perhaps, worthy manifestations of French literary art, only paved the way for more vigorous spirits." and occupies the first place in our summary. M. Paul Bourget heads the list of novelists “ It can be said, without being paradoxical, that at with “ Monique,” a pathetic story of the work- perhaps no other epoch has the drama in this country ing classes, and “ L'Etape, " a more vigorous a produced a greater number of interesting works than analytical work of high moral scope. M. Paul during the past few years. Never before have so many Adam, in “L'Enfant d' Austerlitz," " has at- dramatic authors written plays showing such true obser- vation or such subtle analysis. But it must at the same tempted to portray a whole generation, but his time be admitted that not one of these plays is in a characters are uncertain and even mediocre." class by itself, with the exception perhaps of L'Enig- M. Edouard Estaunié, “whose writings are me,' by M. Paul Hervieu. This piece, which adds yet always interesting to the critics,” has written another to the number of great successes at the Comédie Française, has only two acts, but they are the work of a L'Epave," which “ is indeed but a novelette, master. If the classic art of all ages be that which one might almost say a novel with a purpose, concentrates the most emotion and thought in the few- which proves very little.” M. Rod has pub- est words with the greatest clearness, then M. Hervieu lished “L'Eau Courante,” and in · L'Enigme' proves himself a pure classic. He re- “ Still remains faithful to his favourite form. With a generates in it French art, and in his own way draws few elements of truth and sincere observation of the near to the art of an Æschylus or a Sophocles.” outward facts of life, M. Rod has produced a striking M. Henri Lavedan, in “Le Marquis de picture and an impressive narrative — in a word, a fine Priola," work. The scope of the book oversteps the bounds of convention to which the author should have confined it, “ Finds his inspiration in the great and immortal por- but it bears that stamp of general truth which estab- trait of Don Juan. How is it that some men whom lishes both works and reputations.” the world in general deems commonplace have the wonderful gift of making themselves loved? Whence M. Jules Claretie's “ Le Sang Français ” is comes the spirit of these men? M. Lavedan, following " the work of a true patriot, and in the stories in the footsteps of Molière, Musset, and D'Annunzio, of the Franco-German war he recalls to our mind has taken up this problem, and has made of it a comedy certain passages of Daudet on the siege of of a somewhat barsh and rough character, but interest- Paris, but in his historical chapters it reaches ing and even powerful. The second act is very im- pressive, and through the whole course of the play the a still higher level.” MM. Paul and Victor serious touch of a dramatic writer can be discerned." Margueritte in “Braves Gens” write of the 66 52 (August 1, THE DIAL " > war of 1870 with power and truth, although forgetting the true conditions of human nature in the story is more history than romance. his dreams of an unattainable perfection. M. Ossip- “ M. René Bazin, in · Les Oberlé,' has not written an Lourie, whole-bearted in his admiration, can only see in the plays of the Norwegian dramatist great and historical romance; but though the romantic tendency powerful lessons set out with a courageous candor.” predominates in it, it has another side which has made it a success. In Les Oberlé' the Alsace-Lorraine M. Fouillée has also written a book on question is admirably treated. This searching study “La Philosophie Russe Contemporaine,” in affords excellent material for the development of char- which he asserts that though Russian thought acter. The style of the writing is really charming, a style through which can be seen the heart of things, and is readily revolutionary as a reaction against in which the great talent of the writer appears full of excessive despotism, it has by temperament a delicacy, grace, deep emotion, and sure psychology, with moral tendency. What is the aim of life? a healthy, deep, and elevated poetic instinct.” How shall we order our lives? That is the Turning to the historical field, we find the mighty problem it brings forward, therein lie usual abundance of literature concerning the its originality and power.” Other books on Revolution and the First Empire. Here may social philosophy are M. Fournière's “ Essai be mentioned in particular M. Aulard's “ His- sur l'Individualisme,” M. Bourdeau's "L'Ev- toire Politique de la Révolution Française olution du Socialisine," and M. Halévy's “La and “ Etudes et Leçons sur la Révolution Formation du Radicalisme Philosophique- Française,” M. Funck-Brentano's “L'Affaire La Jeunesse du Bentham.” Among works of du Collier,” and M. Arthur Levy's “ Napoléon criticism, the following may be mentioned : et la Paix." The Second Empire also comes “ La Formation du Style par l' Assimilation in for its share of attention, the “ Mémoires des Auteurs," by M. Albalat; “La Littéra- - . du Comte de Reiset ” being the most important ture d'Aujourd'hui,” by M. Ernest Charles ; publication for this period. Of historical “Stendhal-Beyle," by M. Arthur Chuquet; writing in general we are told : and “Le Prêtre dans le Roman Français," by “ There seems to be a veritable passion for recon- M. Paul Franche. structing the past; public and private records are Dr. Heilborp's account of German litera- searched with indefatigable sagacity. Taine bas in ture opens with these reflections : France a few devoted disciples who have taken to his “In literature, as in other things, there are years method, and divested it of the somewhat systematic of fruitful harvest alternating with years of scarcity, character which often distinguished the works of the and our granaries in Germany are this time some- author of Origines de la France Contemporaine,' and it can be said that many of the historical productions of what poorly filled. Almost all our better known au- the year have not fallen far short of perfection. All thors have come before the public with new works, but what they have offered has proved of comparatively our historians abstain from generalities, and leave phi- losophy to be dealt with by books devoted to it — what small consequence either for their own artistic devel- they endeavor to obtain and what they publish is fact, opment or for literature in general. And now we see documentary fact. If this zeal does not abate, and a strange phenomenon asserting itself. As though there is every reason to believe that it will not, the literature were an organism, in which if one limb or twentieth century will, by its historical publications, organ fails another develops with double vigour, in reform many current opinions." precisely the same way writers bitherto overlooked or little known have this year come forward with pro- M. Alfred Fouillée is the author of " La Ré- ductions which engage deep and serious attention and forme de l'Enseignement par la Philosophie,” should give new impulses to literature.” an important educational work. The author Beginning with the stage, and specifically with “Considers that all teaching should be supplemented Herr Sudermann's “Es Lebe das Leben,” he and quickened by philosophy — that philosophy should says that this play have a large part in all education; but the philosophy for which he asks is social philosophy, which concerns “Shows with terrible clearness how greatly abilities itself with great problems of morality and sociology." even of a high order are crippled by the want of con- stant spiritual development. The drama has adultery A work not far from the same category is M. for its theme, adultery committed years before; and in Ossip-Lourie's “ La Philosophie Sociale dans order to set the stone a-rolling Herr Sudermann has le Théâtre d'Ibsen." This writer evidently is supplied a profusion of forced and insufficient motives which necessarily hamper the ease and smoothness of one of the few who really understand the great the dialogue. . . It is not only a poor drama, it is also Norwegian, as the following statement of Dr. immoral at the core; and it is interesting to observe Ibsen's philosophy will attest: how Herr Sudermavn, the virtuoso — what with the " To his mind society is in an ill state, it rests on confusion of his subject-matter and the perfunctory hypocritical conventions, on lies, but be believes in the character of his mental operations --- has also lost the great technical dexterity which he has hitherto shown.” goodness of human nature — its goodness, that is to say, in so far that, if it is left to itself, its ills and vices In “Ueber den Wassern,” Herr Georg Engel will disappear. In this Ibsen shows himself utopian, “ Obtains a purely superficial excitement by making a 6 > . 1902.) 53 THE DIAL ) - > flood burst in upon a fishing-village and swamp it. The denbruch ; “ Ninon und Andere Erzählungen, only persons saved are the inmates of the clergyman’s by Herr Paul Heyse ; “ Ein Mecklenburger, ; ” house, and their lives, too, are threatened by the waters. Face to face with death, a fanatical young clergyman by Herr Adolf Wilbrandt; and “ Cäcilie von bas enjoined on him the task of reclaiming a girl and Sarryo,” by Herr Georg von Ompteda — and bringing her to repentance, but he refuses to do this, then turns for more extended comment to “ the on the ground that her sin is too execrable; finally, three books of the year — the books which however, he does speak to her, and touches her con- science, but he declares that repentance alone would be have in very truth given our recent literature ineffectual to expiate her offence. She must seek death its individual stamp, and which afford some- in the service of others. This she accordingly does for thing like repose after a long pilgrimage his sake." through the book market. In these three books Herr Max Halbe’s “ Haus Rosenhagen” has outward events and circumstances sink into for its theme insignificance beside what is purely psycholog- “The desire for the acquisition of land — a desire ical. All three have been written by authors which has been inherited for generations by a family of hitherto little known." The first of these books wealthy proprietors, and which they have indulged at is by Frau Riccarda Huch, and is called “ Aus the expense of their weaker neighbors. The son of the house is about to enter, literally and in spirit, upon the der Triumpbgasse.” It pictures the lives of inheritance of his fathers; the passion which possessed the poor and the vile in a series of sketches them is to blaze up in him; the enmity which they have that are redeemed from the charge of being sown is to bear him strange fruit. Halbe, however, has merely sordid by a vein of romantic idealism. not succeeded in maintaining the situation consistently “Yet the last word is not spoken by romanticism to its conclusion." either; a new transformation sets in. We begin to see Herr Paul Lindau, in “ Nacht und Morgen the souls of thesc people as they originally came forth supplies " that peculiar combination of the from the hand of God; memories from some former drama of adultery with the romance of the state of existence stir and rise up within us — we sur- mise dimly that they will return to the hand of their police-court which he has learnt from Sardou.” Creator in pristine purity when once the breath of life The fairy drama has become the fashion, and has left them. For the soul retains its majesty in all is illustrated by several pieces, the most note- the degradations of life. And, indeed, this is the true worthy of which is “ Der Weg zum Licht,” by action of the book, that all masks and disguises are Herr Georg Hirschfeld. The greatest popular stripped off, and souls reveal themselves as souls. Behind the phantasmagoria of life stand the eternal theatrical success of the year has been scored forms." by Herr Meyer. Förster with “Alt-Heidelberg," which is a dramatization of his own light ro- “Freund Hein," by Herr Emil Strauss, is a simple story of a boy whose “soul lives wholly mance “ Carl Heinrich.” Herr Hauptmann's in music.” The discord between his outer and new play, “ Der Rothe Hahn,” links itself inner life makes existence intolerable to him, ” with the earlier “ Biberpelz," and as a work of and he makes an end of it. art “can lay claim to no great merit. It is “ But it is, indeed, as a true friend that Death pre- interesting because it testifies to the inner de- sents himself; the craving of the soul for repose has velopment of a serious and strenuous artist become all-powerful. And so in this novel, too, the upon whom the spiritual tendencies of the age, claims of the spirit are higher than those of life, and since th case stands thus, Death los all bis terrors." intangible and hard of interpretation as they are, have not been lost.” Perhaps the most The third of these books is “ Jörn Uhl,” by promising dramatic work of the year has been Herr Gustav Frenssen, a Protestant pastor of the series of “Lebendige Stunden” - one-act Holstein. It presents the Christian conception plays by Herr Arthur Schnitzler. of life with great force and pathos and shows “He has proved two things in these new one-act how the soul grows strong through suffering. plays of his: that he draws his creations from his own Thinking of this novel, says the writer, mental experience, and that he is, at the same time, “I see stretched before my eyes the broad and fruit- capable of mastering his impressions and regarding ful lands of German soil, inhabited by a resolute and them objectively — both prime requisites, it seems to vigorous race, and I say to myself that this soil will me, in all true art." bear fruit in the future, even as it has in the past – Pasing lightly over the insignificant output of fruit of many kinds." the year's verse, Dr. Heilborn turns to fiction Unlike the other contributors to this conspec- as “the power which determines our artistic tus of Continental literature, Dr. Heilborn aims and the development of our literature." leaves scholarly writing wholly out of his ac- He first enumerates a few works of lesser im- count, confining his observations almost solely portance — “Felix Notvest," by Herr J. C. to the two departments of fiction and the liter- Heer; “Unter der Geissel,” by Herr von Wil. ature of the stage. > 54 (August 1, THE DIAL 6 semicircle around it. The Mayor — Sir Arthur - led The New Books. off by a most laudatory oration. After this I called on Lady Hodgson to unveil the Monument, wbich was accomplished without difficulty, and a loud and ap- REMINISCENCES OF TWENTY YEARS.* proving cheer greeted the appearance of Shakespeare, which looked well in the soft sunshine which seemed Charming as is the genial temper that pre- to bathe it in a kindly benison of light and life. The supposes one's readers interested in all one's Volunteer band struck up Warwickshire's Lads and personal experiences, a little practice in the Lasses,' and the bells pealed from Shakespeare's Church use of the blue pencil is apt to produce results tower. I felt very grateful and very glad to bave, by God's good grace, been allowed to see the end and more generally satisfactory to the busy reading completion of my long labour, and to know that it was public. The difference between the trained approved of by so many. A big luncheon followed in professional journalist and the non-professional the Picture Gallery, followed by much speechifying. diarist is well illustrated by the volume of rem- George Augustus Sala spoke admirably, with great iniscences noticed at some length in the pre- effect, and even pathos, and I felt a lump in my throat during his peroration." ceding issue of THE DIAL, and the far bulkier collection now under review. From a literary Six full-page views are given of the monument point of view, the non-professional writer suf- as a whole and of its details. fers by the comparison. The following reference to an interview with Lord Ronald Sutherland Gower is too well Cardinal Newman is worth quoting: known as a sculptor, a fine-art critic, a trav- “ The Cardinal soon appeared, preceded by a priest, who at once retired, leaving us alone. We sat cheek by eller, and a writer of occasional books, to need jowl, he laying bis beretta on a plain table by his side. formal introduction. His volume of reminis- The Cardinal wore a scarlet skull-cap, a black, gown-like cences published twenty years ago established dress, with a crimson sash round the waist. I stayed his reputation as a pleasing raconteur. The about half-an-hour. The most interesting subject he present collection forms a sequel to the earlier spoke about referred to his hymn, · Lead Kindly Light,' which he said he had composed on board ship during a work. The beaten roads of European travel calm between Sardinia and Corsica. That hymn, he are all familiar to him, and he seems to have said, was not his feeling now, for we Catholics,' he hobnobbed with royalty and chatted with prime said with a kind smile, believe that we have found the ministers wherever he went. His avuncular . light.' . I shall never forget his kind look as he wished me farewell and thanked me for having come to relation to the Duke of Argyll puts him on see him." terms of some intimacy with the English royal family. The earlier chapters of his book con- As the book is more interesting than any- tain frequent references to his work in Paris thing that can be said about it, it will be per- on the Shakespeare monument that was soon missible to quote further passages. A visit to to be erected at Stratford-on-Avon. This is bis the Bismarck family at Kissingen in the sum- mer of 1890 is well described. account of its unveiling in the fall of 1888: “ The Prince spoke to me in English very well, if “ The Great Day has come and passed – that of not fluently; he pronounces some words oddly, for in- last Wednesday, 10th October, when my Monument of stance, a word which he used constantly, especially.' Shakespeare was unveiled at Stratford-on-Avon. On which he pronounced "espeecially.' I got him to speak that morning Sir Arthur Hodgson and I met George about himself, the most interesting subject to hear him Augustus Sala at the station, who might truly have talk about. He alluded to his twenty-eight years of in- been called the guest of the occasion and of the day, cessant work, and of the anxiety of those years. They and I shall always feel grateful to him for having had quite obliterated for him, he said, the tbings he taken the trouble to leave London at seven on a cold, cared most for previously, riding and shooting, and he raw, foggy morning, in order to take part in the added, music and painting; but especially riding, he function relating to my Shakespearian Monument. He said again, of which he was once passionately fond; appeared in his famous Astracan-lined greatcoat, and now he only regarded it as a healthy exercise, and no with his speech ready written out, which he gave to longer delighted as of yore in his horses. The tremen- the correspondent of a local newspaper, who was await- dous work he had to go through had, he said, driven ing him on the platform. There also came by the same train a lively little American lady, Miss Wakeman, all these things away from him; his work had been like who is correspondent for half-a-dozen American papers. gambling on a vast scale, and the stakes the prosperity A little before twelve, we drove down into Stratford if not the very existence of his country. Other minis- ters were, he said, content with holding their portfolios, from Clopton. The company met in the Memorial but he had all the state work on his shoulders. The old Library, Lord Leigh and Sidney Propert among them. King (“King'he always called him, and never Emperor) Volunteers lined the road, from the entrance up to the Monument, covered with Union Jacks. We formed a had often said laughiugly to him, I would not be in your skin for all the world. He then told me in a some- Old DIARIES. 1881-1901. By Lord Ronald Sutherland what involved manner an anecdote of General York, Gower. Illustrated. New York: Imported by Charles whose desertion from Prussia to Russia had had such Scribner's Sons. an effect upon the deserter that his hair blanched in a 1902.) 55 THE DIAL 6 6 a single night, and I,' said the Prince, ' have had not only vellous intellect and physique. Our host drew him out one such night as that, but dozens.' He spoke of the on a variety of subjects, and we beard him discourse old Emperor with more esteem than admiration, 'a on the Welsh language, on the definition of the term grand soldier,' he called bim, and a most gentleman- bore,' for which there is no word in French, as he like old man,' but not remarkable as a statesman. pointed out, and on a hundred other subjects. Our • I was,' said Bismarck, ‘probably the only person who dinner lasted from soon after eight till past ten-thirty, saw the old King en robe de chambre, when I was sent when Mr. Gladstone rose to drive off to Dollis Hill.” for by him late at night'; and he described what a Cliveden, our author's old home, now owned change it made in the appearance of the venerable monarch to be minus his wig and his râtelier, for the by Mr. Astor, is thus referred to: white locks which appeared on his head in the daytime Early in June (1895] I paid Mr. Astor a visit at were fastened to bands. Latterly he was quite bald.” my old home, Cliveden, where I had not been for a very long time. To revisit that place where so many years Lord Sutherland Gower enjoyed the friend- of my early life had passed (chequered with much sad- ship of Herbert Bismarck. Meeting him in ness in later years, when my sister Constance passed Switzerland in the summer of 1892, when the there the last summer of her life), was, of course, full Count was on his wedding tour, he notes that of sadness; but I wished to see with my own eyes what the newly married man was glad of the sight I had expected, that all the accounts of his having dis- Astor had actually done to the place; and I found, as of an old friend. “I think,” he adds,“ honey- figured the place, were lies. He has certainly built an mooning people generally are pleased to see a ugly wall, with glass on the top, along the roadside be- friend during the period when they try hard to tween the two lodges, but except for that no walls had imagine themselves thoroughly happy.” The been added or built all round the place,' as reported; author's first experience with an automobile, in and in removing the ugly yellow wing which West- minster built in the place of the old one, which has now Paris, in 1891, furnishes the substance of a been rebuilt to correspond, as formerly, with its fellow, rather curious entry in his diary. an improvement has been effected. Within, little is “One day that July in Paris I had my first expe- changed, although the entrance-hall is to be altered; rience of a steam-motor car. An engineer named Ser- everything is respected and cared for." palet came to the entrance of my botel, with a steam Not the least pleasing feature of this book carriage that he has invented, which he calls a 'steam phaeton.' It is worked by steam and runs on three is its excellent index, a most useful adjunct to wheels. Six people can be seated in this carriage; such a collection of odds and ands. The illus- the boiler is at the back. We went up the Champs trations, fifteen in number, are also good. But Elysées, and into the Bois at a good pace, rather sur- a little more attention to the irksome details of prising but not alarming the horses when passing them. manuscript revision would have improved the The carriage can be turned with ease, and can be slowed down, or stopped without difficulty; but whether this noble lord's entertaining volume. One brief will be a gain to locomotion is doubtful; it was De Les- reference of his to “ Count Stolberg Wern- seps who recommended me to see this new invention.” gerode, whom Herbert Bismarck told me is the Meeting the King of Italy and the Prince owner of the famous Bröken Mountain in the of Naples at Palermo, in the same year, he has Hartz Mountains,” contains a threefold illus- this to say of them : tration of the unbappy results of neglect in this “ His Majesty was most affable, he asked a quantity particular. Those however who share Edward of questions, and seemed in no hurry to proceed further FitzGerald's dislike for the ambition of fine up the room. The King is only forty-seven, but he writing” will welcome the volume all the more , looks sixty; he speaks in short sentences and rapidly; there is a decided charm about his manner, and one cordially for its unstudied dress and its spon- feels in the presence of an honest man, a homme de taneity of style. PERCY F. BICKNELL. caur (not de cour), as be has always proved bimself to be. He said that after being absent from Palermo ten years, he found many changes, old friends dead, and others grown old, and that it was not an easy thing to THE LAUREATE OF THE REVOLUTION.* recollect those he had known on former occasions here. The notable volume on Philip Freneau, his After His Majesty had finished speaking with me I life and times, by Miss Mary S. Austin, illus- was introduced by General Pallavicini to the Prince of Naples, a very short little youth, with a weak mouth trates one gratifying result of the activity of and retreating chin, but with a pleasing manner. The such organizations as the Daughters of the Prince speaks English as if it were his native tongue.” American Revolution, viz., an increased inter- A “ breakfast" at Marlborough House in est in the study of our early national life and 1893, “ to meet Her Majesty,” gives us a char- letters. These societies, themselves resulting acteristic glimpse of Gladstone. from an impulse to study the early years of our “ The G. O. M. was in great form, looking wonder- * Philip FRENEAU, THE POET OF THE REVOLUTON. A fully hale, strong, and stouter in the face than he did a History of his Life and Times. By Mary S. Austin. Edited year or two ago, all the sturm und drang' that he has by Helen Kearny Vreeland, great-granddaughter of the poet. had to go through seems to have augmented his mar- New York: A. Wessels Co. 56 (August 1, THE DIAL . > - country, have in their turn done much to arouse ever. The poet himself, the eldest of five chil- interest in the study and preservation of family dren, first saw the light in Frankfort Street, records, antiquities, and all other memorials of New York, on January 2 (O. S.), 1752; but our ancestors. Such interest must be the in- before the year was over his father had re- evitable result of volumes like the one before us. moved to the estate in Monmouth County, The life of Philip Freneau, as told by Miss New Jersey, where the boy's early years were Austin, is an interesting story. The outlines passed. of his life have been set forth several times Philip was doubtless precocious; and we already ; fifteen authors, it is stated in the may well believe that, possessing the advan- preface, have written upon the subject. Miss tages of refined surroundings and a careful Austin has had the advantage over all of them, training, he began to write when very young. however, in having the use of "some unex. But we cannot suppose, as Miss Austin ap- pected data in the form of notebooks and mar- parently does (p. 70), that “ The Wild Honey- ginal notes,” which “ have thrown light upon suckle” (which Professor Bronson rightly pro- some hitherto unaccounted-for years in the nounces “the high-water mark of American poet's life, and have served to link together poetry of the eighteenth century ") was the the portions already given to the public, as work of a mere boy. No tyro, we think, could well as to correct many misstatements.” In the write, first fifty pages of the book — a large part, “They died - nor were those flowers more gay, The flowers that did in Eden bloom." some will say are set forth the effect of the We have only to compare this piece with the revocation of the Edict of Nantes and the con- poems which are known to have been Freneau's sequent Huguenot emigration ; followed by a early work — “Discovery,” “Columbus to description of New Amsterdam and early New York, and an account of the early Huguenot and others — to see the advance he had made Ferdinand,” « Retirement,” « The Dying Elm,” settlement there. Fortunate indeed for the city in freeing himself from conventional and arti- was the coming of these thrifty and pious set- ficial forms of expression. It is to be remem- tlers. In the little Eglise du St. Esprit, at the bered, too, that these verses are not to be found corner of King and Nassau Streets, worshipped in the first collection of his poems, published the ancestors of some of our foremost citizens. in 1786. To quote the words of Dr. Vermilye (Huguenot The college life at Nassau Hall, Princeton, Soc. Proc., i. 26): in the days when Freneau was a student there, - “ They were the yeast in the Dutch cake. They rooming with James Madison, destined to be were inventive; skilled in various workmanship; per- the fourth President, - is described as fully, - sistent in overcoming difficulties; of a sprightly cheer- fulness and an instinctive gentility. They were edu- probably, as the materials will permit. The cated had even founded a college for themselves in rising bell rang at five o'clock and a half-bour Leyden. They were religious; whom [sic] fierce winds was allowed for dressing, after which came of persecution bad torn from the native tree, only to prayers ; but from these the small boys were sprout again, the same religious people, wherever they touched ground. It was a good and hardy stock." excused in winter. Breakfast came at eight; recitations, from nine till one; then all dined These words suffice to indicate the general together, at three tables. From three to five, character of Philip Freneau's ancestors. His more study; then evening prayers, and supper grandfather, André Fresneau, who settled in at seven. At nine the bell rang for study. New York in 1707, was engaged in the ship- “ After nine any might go to bed, but to go ping and foreign trade, and was a prominent before was reproachful.” On Sunday every resident of lower Broadway, in his day an student, unless sick, was required to attend aristocratic part of the city. Miss Austin's account of his children, by the way, is any- public worship, both morning and afternoon. In spite of this rigorous training, however, thing but clear. Who are Thomas, Louis, and there were occasional delinquencies. Philip François (p. 63)? We can only infer that they Fithian writes to his father (January 13,1772): were brothers of Pierre and André junior, and “I am sorry that I may inform you, that two of our uncles of Philip, the poet. If this is true, the Members were expelled from the College yesterday; customary statement that Pierre had but one not for Drunkenness, nor Fighting, nor for Swearing, brother, André, is of course inaccurate. Of nor Sabbath-Breaking; But they were sent from this the business and character of Pierre (who, say Seminary, where the greatest Pains and Care are taken to cultivate and encourage Decency, & Honesty, & Duyckinck and others, was a wine-merchant Honour, for stealing Hens! Shameful, mean, unmanly like his brother André), we learn nothing what- Conduct!” - 1902.) 57 THE DIAL Liberal doses of Latin, Greek, Hebrew, accomplish their work, but even on the field; his ear- logic, and moral philosophy were administered ; nestness and zeal encouraged the patriots to greater yet along with these Freneau found time for efforts, or urged them on at the point of his bayonet (the pen) when he saw any signs of their lagging be- reading and for much writing of verse, some bind; and afterwards he immortalized the victories of which certainly possesses great merit. At they won. Not a memorable incident either by land his graduation in 1771, he presented by proxy or by water escaped his ever watchful and unwearied an argument showing " that ancient poetry ex- pen.' cels the modern.” President Witherspoon was The war over, Freneau's muse continued to a loyal patriot, and his students were not slow be active, but brooded often on more peaceful in expressing their indignation at the imposi- themes. In 1787, for example, he contributed tions heaped upon the colonists. In these col. no fewer than twelve poems to “The American lege years, Freneau received the vocation which Museum,” among them “ The Death Song of a was to earn for him the well-deserved title Cherokee Indian," “ To the Memory of Col. of the Patriot Poet of the Revolution." His John Laurens," and "Lines Occasioned by a pen became “his bayonet, and its wounds were Visit to an Old Indian Burying Ground.” mortal." Notwithstanding frequent mercantile voyages The Revolutionary years are well set forth. to the West Indies, "Captain " Freneau found At times, possibly, the author draws too largely time to prepare and publish (1786–88) two upon her imagination, and she sometimes (as volumes of poems, essays, and tales. After- on page 123) turns almost abruptly from the ward, giving up the sea, he turned to journalism. most stirring scenes to narrate some bit of The true position of " The National Gazette" family history, relatively unimportant; indeed was first clearly explained in 1895 by the late her excursions into the genealogy of the Provost, Paul Leicester Ford ("The Nation," lx. 143). Ledyard, Scott, and other families, while en- Doubtless Jefferson told the truth when in his tertaining, do not add to our knowledge of the letter to Washington he protested that he never poet Freneau or of the events which inspired influenced Freneau nor wrote for “The Gazette,” his poems, and therefore really mar the unity and it is hard not to accept Freneau's affida- of the book. But she has made skilful use of vit of August 8, 1792; but, as Mr. Ford con- the scanty materials at her disposal, and has clusively shows, they could not have told the woven a lively and, in the main, doubtless, a whole truth. Not merely was "The Gazette "to reliable narrative of Freneau's operations during furnish“ a juster view of the affairs of Europe the struggle with England. than could be obtained from any other public And a busy, stirring life it was. Sailor, source"; it was, in reality, also to serve as a traveller in the West Indies, privateer, playing partisan organ for the Republicans. It amply “sad havoc with the English merchantmen"; fulfilled its mission; its bitter animosity to the captive on board The Scorpion ” and “The administration caused Washington great an- - Hunter"; his pen ever busy with those terrible noyance, while in the view of Jefferson and his satires which revealed such intense hatred of followers it "saved the Constitution, which was foreign misrule of a proud-spirited people. fast galloping into monarchy. ” It is hard for King “Log," " the Nero of our times”; times”; “ the us, even in these days of Philippine disputes, ruffian Gage”; Cornwallis, “ hatch'd by some to comprehend the extremes to which men were demon on a stormy day"; Bute and North, then carried by partisan feeling; yet, after all, "twin sons of hell,”. all came in for a share of milder editorials from the author of “ Mac- his lively and withering ridicule. Perhaps there Swiggen” and “The British Prison Ship ” is no more remarkable collection of its kind in would have surprised us. existence than Freneau's “ Poems Relating to At the early age of forty-one, Freneau re- the American Revolution,” which Duyckinck tired to his estate at Mount Pleasant, where edited in 1865. The influence his verses must he was to spend the second half of his life have exerted on the disheartened patriots is in séclusion. Of this period of his life we incalculable. have few records, much having perished in “ From Concord to Yorktown, during the bleak winter the disastrous fire of October 18, 1818. We at Valley Forge, and round the camp-fires on Temple know that he wrote much poetry, and put out Hill, his verses encouraged the desponding soldiers. three more editions of it (1797, 1809, 1815); The newspapers widely published them, and they were that he dabbled in journalism and made written on slips of paper and distributed throughout the army, or posted in some conspicuous place to be almanacs; that he again turned to the sea and memorized. And not alone by the camp-fire did they made many voyages to the West Indies ; that a 58 (August 1, THE DIAL he entertained many old friends, visited much negative working-day rule of prediction can be fur- in New York and Philadelphia, and conducted nished. It seems to be a part of the present order of things, at least in English-speaking countries, that our a large correspondence. In the main, he lived dramas shall be ephemeral. Even the best of them are the peaceful life of a country gentleman, bear- like insects, made to flaunt their little wings for a few ing malice toward none, beloved by many and hours in the sunshine of popular favor. The caprice of respected by all. fashion deals out death with relentless speed to these Miss Austin prudently refrains from express- plays. That they furnish the public with much enter- tainment is not to be questioned; but they have no ing critical judgments of Freneau's poetry, essential beanty, or imposing breadth, or prevailing quoting freely instead from Dr. Francis and power to make their appeal potent beyond a year or Mr. Delancey; and we shall not prolong this less of life. • The best of this kind are but shadows,' notice with critical remarks, since to what said the Dramatist of the World, in one of his remark- able expressions about the art of which he was Prime these writers and Professor Tyler have said Minister and Master. The rule of negative prediction little can be added. Freneau's fame is secure. is simple enough: The play which never passes into The greatest and most versatile of the Revo- | literature; the play which, in the cold supremacy of lutionary group, the greatest American poet print,' cannot endure reading and re-reading has the sure seed of death within it. Out of a hundred con- before Bryant, he has written some lines that have never been surpassed. His best verses temporary dramas, ninety are flat and unprofitable on a first perusal, and ninety-and-nine are warranted to cause mental delight. A new edition of his poetry, edited School, for instance, which was performed to buns 6 a by Professor Pattee, has been announced for dreds of thousands of delighted spectators, in England and America, in the early seventies. Reading it delib- publication this year, to which Miss Austin's erately to-day is like absorbing a gallon of weak eau sumptuous volume will form a worthy com- sucree flavored with the juice of half a lemon and a panion. She has made the poet and his times small pinch of ginger. Contrast with that work, and live again for us ; and this is the test of a work of its quality, the half a hundred tragedies and comedies which remain to us from the Greeks of the successful biography. CLARK S. NORTHUP. fifth and fourth centuries before Christ. The newest of these plays are two thousand two hundred years old; they are written in a dead language; and they have the atmosphere of a remote land and an alien age and civ- RECOLLECTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ilization; yet they still receive the quick sympathy and STAGE,* command the reverent admiration of the world. The corollary of the rule for negative prediction is obvious: In “Reminiscences of a Dramatic Critic," The nation which is producing no readable dramatic Mr. Henry Austin Clapp, who is recognized by literature is producing no dramas of permanent impor- some as the leading exponent in New England indeed one point and the same.” tance from the point of view of life and art, which are " of honest and discriminating criticism of the drama, reviews some of the chief features of During Mr. Clapp's thirty years' service as the stage during the past quarter of a century. a dramatic critic, many truly great actors have These reminiscences, however, are not exhaust- made their final exit. In his book the personal ive in any sense of the word, and do not pro- gossip and anecdote which generally lends zest fess to present the history of the theatre in the and piquancy to such narratives are missing. United States during the period mentioned. The author explains that he has, in the inter- He has chronicled, merely, those recollections ests of candid criticism, avoided personal ac- which have remained most vivid in his mem- quaintance with player folk, that his head ory, in a manner that will elicit praise from "might neither be quite turned, nor much many and censure from a few. deflected from a true level.” His Reminiscen. The author calls attention to the fact that ces take form as a series of reconsiderations of of the large body of English playwrights who the plays and players of the past, from the produced dramas, “ always with extreme facil point of view of a disinterested critic. The ity and sometimes with contemporaneous suc- first on his canvas is that veterau figure of the cess," between 1845 and 1875, — excepting, of Boston Museum, William Warren. When his course, Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton, -- every seventieth birthday was celebrated, a little man but T. W. Robertson is to-day practically while before the close of his professional career, obsolete. the tale of this wonderful actor's work was “ The deeper reasons of the law of the survival of told: he had given 13,345 performances, and dramas may not be laid down here and now, but a good had appeared in 577 characters! For many *REMINISCENCES OF A DRAMATIC Critic. By Henry years he was a most interesting figure in Bos- Austin Clapp. Illustrated. Boston: Houghton, Miffin & Co. ton, not only upon the stage, but upon the 66 1902.] 59 THE DIAL streets over which he took his deliberate and if abundance, brilliancy, clearness and refinement of slightly varied walks. thought, artistic insight, definiteness of purpose, sin- “ His tall, large, well-formed figure, and his easy, cerity of feeling, and intensity of devotion were all that is needed in a player, he would be easily first among rather peculiar gait, which seemed always about to be- come, but never quite became, a roll or swagger; his the actors of our time; that, since the highest end of noble head with the bright penetrating eyes and the ex- acting is not to refresh and stimulate the mind, to re- fine and gratify the taste, or to charm the fancy, but traordinary sensitive mouth, made equally to utter mirth or pathos or wisdom, produced the effect of a strongly to move the spirit and profoundly to stir the unique personality. . . . I remember hearing it said, at heart, his claim to a place among the greatest masters a time near the close of the Great War, by some men of his craft is not yet made out." who were native here, that Edward Everett, A.B., This same opinion is expressed by that studious A.M., LL.D., ex-Governor of Massachusetts, ex-United English critic, Mr. William Archer, who is States Senator from Massachusetts, ex-President of Har- vard College, ex-Minister to England, litterateur, ora- authority for the statement that Irving's audi- tor, statesman, was, in respect of distinction of manners, ences are “intellectually interested, but not in a class with but one other of his fellow citizens; that emotionally excited.” ; emotionally excited.” And it has been fre- other one appeared in the local directory as, Warren, quently pointed out that Mr. Irving violates William, comedian, boards 2 Bulfinch Place.'' one of the important duties of the stage — to According to Mr. Clapp, Charlotte Cush- bear aloft the standard of correct speech, and man, whom he saw in her assumptions of Meg to make a constant appeal to the public ear in Merrilies, Lady Macbeth, and Queen Katha- behalf of pure and refined enunciation. rine, is the only actress native to our soil To Messrs. Howard and Gillette are con- to whom the adjective “great" can be fitly ap- ceded the best plays that America has produced. plied. Miss Cushman's impersonation of Queen Katharine, he says, “must be accounted her “Secret Service” is pointed out as the high- water mark of our playwriting; it is, so to crowning achievement, and, therefore, the speak, the Hamlet of American dramatic liter- highest histrionic work of any American ac- ature. The author is encouraged to believe tress.” He speaks of Charles Fechter as an that “A better day for the drama and the exceedingly fascinating and eloquently appeal theatre is sure to dawn. The actors are readier ing actor, who was somewhat handicapped by than the public for a change to nobler condi- the plainness of his features, the bluntness of tions; and the public, now learning to demand his figure, and his foreign intonations. Mr. of and for itself the best things in many de- Clapp remarks that he has “ generally felt,partments of life, will not always rest content and often expressed, a distaste for broken En- with conditions that encourage mediocrity in glish on the stage, and I regard the easy-going that Theatre upon which it depends for the toleration of the imperfect speech of alien larger part of its entertainment." The remedy actors as one of the signs of the rawness of our that he has in mind for these conditions is an public.” We are told that the elder Salvini's endowed theatre, which he suggests, prophet- Othello — by which this actor is most widely ically, will become a reality within a few years. remembered — " was Shakspeare orientalized “ It is a pessimistic rather than an optimistic and supersensualized, at the cost of some of view which Mr. Clapp takes of prevailing the- the Master's heroic conception, and of much atrical conditions in this country ; yet he does of the Poet's beautiful thought." Yet we are compelled to agree with his broad statement cisely, giving causes and pointing out remedies. not sum up conditions completely and con- that “Salvini was Charles Fechter carried up We might add that one cause for the failure of to the second power of all the Frenchman's any drama of recent years to rise above the virtues, with scarcely a hint of his limitations." The Hamlet of both actors met with a chorus general level may be found, absurd as it may appear, in the close intercourse maintained be- of disapproval from American audiences. tween different countries. To-day, as a quarter Perhaps the best and most thoughtful chap- of a century ago, the French play is not merely ter in Mr. Clapp's book is the essay on the art a model, but is actually the basis of a large of Henry Irving. The critic has studied the proportion of the dramatic literature of the actor from various standpoints, and it is un- time. The result is an influence exerted upon doubtedly true that his final conclusions are voiced by a large portion of the theatre.going ally destructive of all originality. the writers of other countries which is gradu- public of this country. He believes that Among other subjects treated are “Spectacle, “ Mr. Irving's art would be much more effectual than it is if 'to do' were one-half as easy' with him as Farce, Melodrama, and Minstrelsy Fifty Years his knowledge of what were good to do’is clear; that | Ago,” “ The Isolation of Actors,” and “Actual a 60 (August 1, THE DIAL and Ideal Training for the Stage.” Mr. Clapp's are the voluminous works of his father, the late judgments are in the main remarkably just Mr. John William Walshe, F.S.A., who died on and true; the work is notably free from that the 2nd July, 1900, aged sixty-three, at Assisi, in extravagant laudation which marks the 'pren- Umbria, where he had passed the latter half of his tice hand. The author's style, though perhaps perhaps the greatest living authority on matters life. Mr. Walshe was well known to scholars as somewhat too conscious, does not reflect the influence of daily newspaper work, and betok- Franciscan; otherwise he had practically no fame.” This statement is followed by a minute description ens an untainted reverence for all that is true of the manuscripts in question, with historical and and best in dramatic art. bibliographical notes, and an account of how the INGRAM A. PYLE. editor has dealt with them in preparing the present “ Life,” together with his plans for further publi- cation. It takes some time to realize that this is all an elaborate piece of mystification, and to recall RECENT FICTION.* the fact that the name of Walshe does not figure The tendency of the English novel to take the in any actual list of Franciscan scholars, living or form of biography has always been marked, al- dead. The present imaginary biography is offered though the imaginative nature of the writing is to us as the work of the son, Philip Walshe, who usually apparent, except in the case of such an survived his father long enough to prepare it, but extraordinary realist as Defoe. But Mr. Mont- not long enough to arrange for the publication of gomery Carmichael has just produced a work of the memoir or of the works themselves. Having fiction which it would be difficult, from internal said this much by way of explanation, we may now evidence alone, to exclude from the category of speak briefly of the memoir itself. It is, in sub- actual biography. It is entitled “The Life of John stance, the story of a saint, whose instincts from William Walshe, F.S.A.,” and reads, from intro- boyhood impelled him to the spiritual life, who duction to closing chapter, as if it were in very groped his way out of the sordid middle-class com. fact the veritable record of a man's career. What mercialism of his early English environment into could be more convincing than such a prefatory what proved to him the clear light and perfect statement as the following: “The will of my happiness of the Catholic Church. He made his friend Philip Walshe has put me in possession of way to Italy while a young man, entered the house- a large and extraordinary collection of valuable hold of a Catholic English nobleman residing at MSS., and has at the same time laid on me a task Lucca, there received the faith, married the of no litile delicacy and difficulty. These MSS. daughter of the house, and succeeded to its tradi- tions. Attracted in middle life to the history of * THE LIFE OF JOHN WILLIAM WALSHE, F.S.A. Edited, St. Francis, he removed to Assisi, became a tertiary with an introduction, by Montgomery Carmichael. New York : E. P. Dutton & Co. of the Franciscan order, and died in the fulness of THE GAME OF LOVE. By Benjamin Swift. New York: time, “ of the love of God,” as the memoir simply Charles Scribner's Sons. affirms. In all this there is little to attract the SPINDLE AND Plough. By Mrs. Henry Dudeney. New ordinary reader of novels, who may as well be York: Dodd, Mead & Co. warned at once that here is no book for him. But THE WAY OF ESCAPE. By Graham Travers (Margaret Todd, M.D.). New York: D. Appleton & Co. to the more serious reader the book has many ANGELOT. A Story of the First Empire. By Eleanor C. things to offer. In the first place, it offers a psy. Price. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.' chological study of marvellous delicacy, such a SONS OF THE SWORD. A Romance of the Peninsular War. study as may be found elsewhere only in the “ Lives By Margaret L. Woods. New York: McClure, Phillips & Co. of the Saints” or in the history of the mystics. THE HOUSE DIVIDED. By H. B. Marriott Watson. New This alone should distinguish the work; but we York: Harper & Brothers. SARITA, TAE CARLIST. By Arthur W. Marchmont. New may say in addition that it is written in a style at York: Frederick A. Stokes Co. once simple, strong, and beautiful, that it makes THE LADY PARAMOUNT. By Henry Harland. New throughout the scholar's appeal to the scholar, and York: John Lane. that, with no more than an occasional bint of the MLLE FOUCRETTE. By Charles Theodore Murray. controversial spirit, it portrays the great historic Philadelphia : The J. B. Lippincott Co. church, not the church of an ignorant peasantry Bylow HILL By George W. Cable New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. led by a hardly less ignorant priesthood, but the THE COURAGE OF CONVICTION. By T. R. Sullivan. New church which Newman found irresistible in its York: Charles Scribner's Sons. claims, and to which Joseph De Maistre gave the THE RESCUE. By Anne Douglas Sedgwick, New York: rapturous allegiance of his powerful intelligence. The Century Co. Our experience with the novels of Benjamin MR. WHITMAN. A Story of the Brigands. By Elisabeth Swift” has been such that, with all his skill and Pullen. Boston: Lothrop Publishing Co. Philip LONGSTRETH. By Marie Van Vorst. New York: penetration, we think of him as a writer who is Harper & Brothers. unnecessarily and perversely disagreeable. It is THE WASHINGTONIANS. By Pauline Bradford Mackie. therefore something of a surprise to find that “ The Boston: L. C. Page & Co. Game of Love" is not founded upon the sort of 1902.] 61 THE DIAL unpleasant conception in which he has bitherto a real appeal to the sympathies of the woman delighted, but is simply a well-arranged story of whom he had formerly sought to win by the offer normal human character, as far as the chief actors of a social position and a life of idleness. Amid are concerned. There is a professional pickpocket, all these changing scenes and searching tests, the to be sure, whom we encounter in the opening pages, character of the heroine rings true, and grows not without some apprehension that he may figure nobler and finer with every year. Her scorn for the as the hero; there is also a physician who becomes petty vanities of those about her is tempered by a a criminal for the sake of science and love com- large and sympathetic tolerance for their weakness, bined, and there is a miser of the conventional sort. and she ever renews her own strength at the But these are minor characters, although their fate primal sources. Finally, she becomes the possessor is closely interwoven with the plot. The main in- of the estate and the garden that she so passionately terest is of a healthy human sort, and is surprisingly loves, and the human emotions, so long repressed, well sustained. The final disentanglement of all find satisfaction in the companionship of the chas- the complications requires a rather breathless hur- tened Felix Rule. We have said nothing of the rying from point to point, and might profitably quiet but pervasive humor of this book, nothing of have been elaborated. The novelist is as brilliant its skilful management of plot and incident, nothing as ever in his use of epigram or incisive comment, of its unaffected and striking style. It is just such and his humor, which rarely fails him when needed, a book as we have hoped that Mrs. Dudeney would is thoroughly enjoyable. some day write, just such a book as we knew she Spindle and Plough,” by Mrs. Henry Dudeney, had it within her power to write. The similarity of is a novel upon which it is possible to bestow almost this work to the most characteristic work of Mr. unqualified praise. The earlier books of this pow. Hardy is likely to be insisted upon overmuch, but erful writer have been marred by her insistence is still fairly obvious, and should not be left un- upon a realism so brutal and equalid as to produce mentioned. a marked sense of repulsion, tending to obscure the “ The Way of Escape" is a novel that opens really fine qualities of her work. In “Spindle and brightly in the south of France. A young medical Plough” there is still realism and to spare, but student from Edinburgh, engaged to a worthy young either the nature of the theme or the writer's im. woman of that city, has sought the shores of the provement in taste has spared us the repulsive sort Mediterranean for rest and relaxation. He meets a of detail in which “ The Maternity of Harriott vivacious French-English maiden, promptly falls in Wicken" abounded, and leaves the reader free to ex- love with her, and the consequences, as we do not press his unrestrained admiration. Mrs. Dudeney's even surmise at the time but learn only long after- heroine this time is Shalisha Pilgrim, a woman of wards, are of the most serious character. Called primitive and passionate nature, absolutely un. home by duty, as it seems, he wrestles with his mem- worldly, and instinctively abhorrent of every mani- ories for a time, then marries, tries to forget the girl festation of vulgarity or vice. This fine, frank, whom he has wronged, and degenerates into a suc- open-air creature takes a deep delight — a whole- cessful and fashionable practitioner. He has his re- some and not a sentimental delight-in contact with ward, for his wife develops a taste for distributing nature, and has found in her professional training tracts and leading prayer-meetings. Meanwhile the as a landscape gardener the very resource that she heroine, after a brave struggle with her sufferings, most needs. Contrasted with her we have three shapes for herself a serviceable career, first as a her widowed mother, a vain and governess, then as the guardian and protector of four silly person to whom anything but petty and child- children, her half-sisters, thrown upon the world by ish views of life are impossible; her employer, the death of their mother. It is with the development whom nature might have made a gentleman had of the heroine's character, under this pressure, that he not become hopelessly sophisticated by the the story is chiefly concerned. It would be a good influences of an artificial society; and the mean- story were it not dominated by a hectic religiosity. natured, doll-faced creature whom he marries after The old worn theme of the pride of the intellect and Sbalisha has contemptuously rejected his overtures. its fall, of the need of something upon which to lean Then there is another person, a rustic named Felix in time of trouble, is brought into action with the Rule, who seems to be a good deal of a man until usual morbid emphasis, until we discover that we unexpected good luck develops a streak of vulgarity have been reading a sort of Sunday-school story all in his nature, making Shalisha wonder how she the time, and not a serious work of fiction. could ever have been attracted to him. Later in Miss Eleanor C. Price is the author of an agree- the story, when the mother has eloped with a pursy able and carefully-studied story called "Angelot." and altogether obnoxious tradesman, when the gen. It is a tale of the First Empire, and has to do with tleman and the shallow little schemer have plunged the Angevin Chouannerie. The period is that of into the misery of marriage, and when Shalisha the Emperor's prime, when he was the undisputed herself, growing old, begins to realize that some- master of France, and when conspiracy was eagerly thing is lacking in her life, Felix Rule reappears, sought out by the agents of the ruler and relent- humiliated by the loss of his money, and finds lessly punished. lessly punished. The various types of the period to his surprise that in this dejected guise he makes are portrayed, - the irreconcilable royalist, the other persons, in /h 62 [August 1, THE DIAL a a time-serving adherent of the new régime, the police author's exemplar. Mr. Marriott Watson is ex- spy, and the soldier of the Empire. The latter is a ceptionally happy in his portraiture of women, and vulgar and brutal person of low birth, who seeks to nothing could easily be finer than the contrasted force a marriage with a daughter of the aristocracy. types of the virginal heroine and the passionate Angelot, being the favored suitor, as far as the her- woman of the world whose jealousy brings about oine is concerned, becomes a thorn in the general's the tragic ending. flesh, and is made the victim of much persecution. Of style, the romances of Mr. Marchmont are True love triumphs in the end, to the discomfiture guiltless; and it is upon invention alone that he of the general, and all ends happily. The story is depends for his effects. depends for his effects. They are usually well- not particularly stirring, but it is pleasantly told, contrived from the theatrical point of view, and and reveals a close acquaintance with the scenes the latest novel of this ingenious writer is quite and the society which it seeks to depict. as good as its several predecessors. The historical A story of very different type, and much more background of “Sarita, the Carlist,” is not of the nearly related to literature, is the “Sons of the imaginary “ Zenda" sort, but is furnished forth by Sword,” by Mrs. Margaret L. Woods. This also recent happenings in Spain. The time is the very is a Napoleonic romance, with a scene laid in Spain eve of the late war, and the assassination of Cánovas during the struggle for the conquest of the Penin- is reproduced in the assassination of the Minister sula, and the Emperor himself plays a conspicuous Quesada, who is the evil genius of the story. The part. He is portrayed with an art which does not Queen Regent and the young King also figure, and spare the despicable aspects of his nature, yet the central episode is the thwarting of a Carlist plot which does not grudge him the possession of some for the abduction of the latter. This makes the of the wobler traits of character. The heroine is third novel of Carlist intrigue that we have read an Irish refugee, with whom one of Napoleon's within the past few months. favorite officers seeks at first to have sport, and In the advertising pages of “My Lady Para- ends by becoming the serious lover. Presented to mount” we are confronted with some words of our us at the outset in a disagreeable light, we undergo, own concerning one of Mr. Harland's earlier books, together with the heroine, a gradual change of feel- to the effect that the author “bas not gone to the ing toward him, until at last he appears as an ac- school of the best Frenchmen in vain, and has at ceptable hero through the display of courage and last shown himself capable of workmanship so deli- self-sacrificing devotion. There really seems to be cate that we have not the heart to say aught but no need that he should die in the last chapter, and praise concerning it." Consistency is too fair a jewel it is not easy to forgive the author for thus dispos- to be purposely flawed, and we are thus under ing of him. The book contains many vivid scenes bonds, as it were, to say nice things about Mr. Har- of battles, and forced marches, and quarrels between land's latest book. The task is, fortunately, not a the French soldiers and the infuriated Spanish strain upon the conscience, for “My Lady Para- peasantry. Some of these scenes are extraordina. mount” deserves to have nice things said about it. rily well done, and the whole romance is one of As a comedy of sentiment and as a breathless love- deep and sustained interest. story, it is charmingly exciting from beginning to Mr. Marriot Watson has the happy faculty of end. It coruscates with cleverness, and its plot, combining invention with style. The style may be albeit fantastic, lends itself admirably to the writer's described as simplified Meredithian, and one must stylistic purposes. stylistic purposes. There is a jester of whom we acquire the taste for it; but style of any kind is 80 grow slightly weary, but both hero and heroine are rare in the romance of adventure that we must not ail that the heart could wish. The former is an be too critical. “ The House Divided ” may cer- English gentleman with certain hereditary rights tainly boast of a distinguished manner, and is, be- in a petty Italian island state. The heroine is in sides, a story of quite thrilling interest. It is placed actual possession, for the legitimate heir has been in the eighteenth century, a period which the author dispossessed as a consequence of the political revo- knows well, and the scene is the southern coast of lution by which United Italy was wrought. But England. The hero comes from Vermont, upon the heroine has both a conscience and a romantic advices from his lawyer, to lay claim to an estate imagination, which together lead her to the es- which is held by the Earl of Deverill, a nobleman capade of an incognito trip to England, where she of the swearing and sporting type, who fears meets her cousin, and deliberately plots to make neither God nor the devil, and who is outspoken to him fall in love with her. He proves the most the point of the coarsest brutality. He lays various willing of victims, and all conflicting claims are in plots for the ruin of the claimant; and, these fail- the end thus reconciled. Our sympathies, as far as ing him, provokes a personal encounter in which history is concerned, have to be enlisted upon the he slays his opponent, only to learn that the man wrong or reactionary side, which in this, as in so whom he has slain is in reality his own son, instead many other romantic instances, is given a sort of of being the son of his bated old-time rival. The artistic rehabilitation. It is like the Stuart case love scenes in this remarkable romance have a ten- in English history: the wrong side is the pictur- der beauty which more than suggests the magic esque one, and gets much the best of it at the hands of the great novelist who has obviously been the of the story-tellers. : 1902.] 63 THE DIAL a numerous “Mlle. Fouchette” is so good a novel in some has distinction of style, a quality in which it sug- respects that it is a pity it could not be a better one gests the fine and subtle art of Mrs. Wharton. It is in others. It is the story of a rag-picker's found- the simple story of the tragedy of a woman's soul. ling who becomes, successively, an inmate of the Her life seemingly wrecked by an unhappy mar- Bon Pasteur, a Parisian moucharde, an artist's riage, the heroine is early left a widow with a single model, and a conspicuous figure in the free-and-easy child. The degradation of her term of forced com- life of the Quarter. It is not quite Murger's Bobême panionship with the selfish and vulgar man whom over again, which would be quite impossible at this she has called busband has so wounded her pride later date, but it offers an approach to that portrayal that, when his death frees her, the very springs of of an irresponsible and insouciant society. The later happiness seem to have been dried up forever, and chapters deal with the recent time when the Parisian she faces a dreary future which offers no promise of air was charged with Dreyfusard electricity, and cheer. Her mistake appears irreparable, and she ac- when revolutions were every day incipient. Fou- cepts the penalty with dignity and strength of spirit. chette is a bright and winsome young woman, with Some score of years later, a man much younger finer qualities of mind and heart than her circum- than herself chances upon an hances upon an old photograph, stances would lead one to expect. We come near learns something of her history, and deliberately to shedding a tear when, at the end, the man whom seeks her out in the belief that his own happiness is she loves, and whose guardian angel she has been, destined to be bound up with hers. The situation remains all unsuspecting of her devotion, makes a thus created is clearly unnatural, and it would take happy marriage with a colorless young woman in more than Miss Sedgwick's art to make us enter whom we cannot take the least interest, and leaves into it with complete sympathy. That we be- Fouchette no refuge but the convent. Mr. Charles come as interested as we do is no small tribute to Theodore Murray is the writer of this entertaining her achievement. The tragedy of the situation is and well-informed novel. He leaves not wholly retrospective, for the daughter of this things unexplained or insufficiently accounted for, woman is a constant reminder of the past. This but the main thread of his narrative is kept pretty daughter bas inherited ber father's charaeter rather steadily in hand. than her mother's, and as one mean or vicious trait Mr. Cable’s “ Bylow Hill” has the dimensions of after another becomes revealed, the mother has a a novelette, and, within its limits, accomplishes the bitter struggle between duty toward her child and portrayal of a group of half a dozen people in their repulsion for the hereditary endowment which no mutual relations. The scene is a New England amount of careful training seems able to modify. town, and the issue is made tragic by a mistaken | In the end, the daughter sinks to her natural level, marriage and an insanely jealous husband. Some- and the mother accepts the eagerly proffered love how we feel that Mr. Cable has never become quite of the man who has restored a sort of happiness, acclimated to his Northern home, and, with all the albeit much chastened, to her existence. The whole delicacy of his literary art, we miss in this story the story is told with admirable incisiveness and colored vital glow and the variety of his earlier work. He by the exhibition of deep but duly restrained emo- has never had the gift of lucid exposition, and, even tion. Its psychological truthfulness is as apparent when working on so reduced a scale as the present as its sincerity, and it is an example of success at- one, he contrives to puzzle us not a little in our effort tained by strictly legitimate means. to differentiate his characters and understand their Mrs. Elisabeth Pullen (formerly Cavazza) will motives. The story may be read with satisfaction be pleasantly remembered as the author of certain in its grace of manner and subtlety of analysis, but charming stories of Southern Italy, in which the will add nothing to the author's reputation. shrewd humor of a keen American observer was “ The Courage of Conviction,” by Mr. T. R. Sul- made to react upon an intimate knowledge of livan, is a novel of New York life. It is based upon Italian life and character. But these stories hardly familiar themes, — the woman who marries without prepared us for the delightfully whimsical narra- love, and the man who is tempted by material re- tive of adventure called “Mr. Whitman,” with wards to forsake the higher calling which nature which Mrs. Pullen has now broken a long silence. has planned for him. Both come to grief, as is It is a story of brigands, as the title-page avers, just, and afterwards contrive to patch up, after a but of brigands that belong to the category of fashion, the lives that their mistaken choice has Mr. Stockton's pirates, and that seem to have marred. There is far too much of moralizing in stepped directly from the opera bouffe stage. This this work, and not nearly enough of narrative. It suggestion of the story-teller whom we have so is very well devised, and carefully written, but can- recently lost is inevitable, not only because his not be credited with either distinction or absorbing name is constantly brought to mind by Mrs. Pul- interest. len's arrangement of incidents, but also because of The republication of two earlier novels, and the the striking similarity of design in the cases of the appearance of a new one, “ The Rescue,” calls leading figures of Mr. Stockton's last book and the marked attention to the work of Miss Anne Douglas one now under consideration. For Mr. Whitman, Sedgwick, who appears to be a writer of exceptional like Captain Bonnet, is a man of dual soul. To merit. “ The Rescue” is a novel which, first of all, the outward observer, both are staid, prosaic, and а a 64 [August 1, THE DIAL altogether respectable members of society, engaged Washington in the sixties. The story ends with in commercial life, and seemingly quite guiltless of the news from Ohio declaring that the convention a romantic inspiration. But Captain Bonnet, as has given a majority for the President. Mrs. Hop- we know, was a pirate at heart, and became one kins is always a pleasing writer, and her presenta- in fact when the opportunity offered ; and so Mr. tion of the heroine is an excellent piece of firm and Whitman, when be realized his long-cherished distinct characterization. dream of visiting Italy, and having taken the jour- WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. ney, fell into the hands of the brigands, found himself quite at home, and rising to the situation, became a brigand chieftain himself. How he cap- tivated his captors, how they acclaimed him as NOTES ON NOVELS. their leader, how he drew up a constitution for the band on strictly business principles, and how he The Pennyroyal District in Kentucky ventures to look superintended their operations in the interest of down upon the Blue Grass Region of that favored good management and fair dealing, - how he did commonwealth, having been settled by officers of the all these things, and others, makes a long story, Continental army on grants from the parent State of which is inimitably told by Mrs. Pullen. Of course Virginia. Here Mrs. Nancy Huston Banks places the the story could not end with things in this shape, scene of her serene and delightful story of “Oldfield" and so we are told finally how Mr. Whitman ob. (Macmillan), certain from its name, characters, and treatment to remind the reader of “ Cranford.” Little tains amn mnesty for his fellow-robbers, and for him- Miss Judy Bramwell will serve as a type of new-world self a charming Italian wife. In all this there is gentlewoman, drawn as her portrait is with a loving the best of entertainment and innocent excitement, care and a tenderness that make it very real. Being a for which the author deserves and shall have our Kentucky story it is inevitable that there should be heartiest thanks. something in the nature of a blood feud in its pages. The young man of wealth who devotes himself, With great good sense, Mrs. Banks has turned this rem- in spite of family opposition, to the amelioration nant of savagery the other way around, and the dra- of industrial conditions has become a somewhat matic climax of the book comes with the refusal of a familiar figure of late in our popular fiction. The wise judge upon the bench to undertake the miserable usual upshot is that his well-intentioned efforts business of personal vengeance. Everywhere the story shows signs of deliberation, of writing for love of the meet with ingratitude, that he unchains forces that art of writing, and of a large and kindly interest in he cannot control, and that he abandons the ex- humanity. periment a sadder and wiser man than when he Short stories bound up into a volume are becoming entered upon it. The hero of "Philip Longstreth" rare in these days, hardly one such book appearing to a is such a reformer, but his career does not follow score containing extended novels. Even so good a col- the usual course. His efforts are actually appre- lection as Mr. Richard Harding Davis has made bears ciated by their beneficiaries, and he really does suc- the title of the first of the five tales which comprise its ceed in creating a relation of mutual helpfulness content without qualifying phrase, and it comes into the and service between himself and the employes of world as “Ranson's Folly” (Scribner). The stories are various - one of the army, one of a dog, one of the his factory. So much for the sociological side of newspaper world, one of love abroad, and one in quite the story. On the sentimental side, he is in love the manner of Stevenson's “ New Arabian Nights." All with two women, one of his own class, the other are workmanlike, all are interesting, and they have the an operative. We are left in doubt until the very unquestionable advantage of being written purely to end as to which of the two is to become his wife. afford amusement, and not in the least for edification. When convention triumphs over sentiment we are Gathered as they are from the pages of the magazines rather disappointed, because the factory girl is the in which they have appeared, they are doubtless already more attractive of the two women. Miss Marie familiar to many readers; but they lose nothing by be- Van Vorst is the author of this novel, which has ing placed in apposition here. Wales is a country so far from the beaten track of 80 many faults that we lack the space in which to travel, so remote from the bustle of modern life as particularize. practiced in the great world, that Mr. Allen Raine, who “The Washingtonians," by Miss Pauline Brad- writes “ A Welsh Witch" (Appleton) as his sixth or ford Mackie (Mrs. Herbert Hopkins), is a novel of seventh story of the Principality, poses before the reader the Capital during the last year of the Civil War. as a discoverer. His heroine, as the name indicates, is To a certain extent, it is a novel à clef, for besides of no common type, a child of the people, with gypsy the figure of the President we have unmistakable blood to send her heart beating with that of nature, one portraits of Secretary Chase and his brilliant who is regarded by her conventional neighbors with daughter, and very likely others not so readily superstitious awe. Apart from this figure, and that of recognizable. The misguided effort of the Secre- her distressfully drunken father, the story is idyllic in its cast, working out a pretty though interrupted ro- tary to become Lincoln's successor, abetted by his mance with much skill. Those who have followed Mr. ambitious daughter, affords the substance of the Raine's work from the beginning will fiod little diffi- plot, which is well-managed, and betrays besides culty in understanding the numerous Cymric words and a considerable knowledge of social and political phrases with which it is sprinkled ; others may be > 1902.) 65 THE DIAL a troubled by this too obvious device to add the impres- sion of locality. Writing out of an extended experience and clearly within its bounds, Miss Clara Morris has drawn such a picture of the American stage in “A Pasteboard Crown” (Scribner) as must shock more than one of her admirers. Her heroine is a girl of family and breeding, her hero an actor-manager in the best repute; yet the girl goes altogether wrong with her patron, and the man is shown to be conscienceless in art and morals both. The story is unquestionably disagreeable, from the moment of the girl's downfall until the tragic close, though redeemed in part by her sister's happy marriage and motherhood. The fourth of Miss Morris's pub- lished works, it shows well-defined dissimilarities in manner from its predecessors, many more than its being a first continuous novel demand. Heretofore the reader has been able to trace resemblances between the author's histrionic art and her literary art, finding in both a characteristic crudity and power. In this work there is a finish largely lacking before, with a sense of propor- tion and a broader knowledge that give it distinction. Mr. Harry Leon Wilson, the author of “ The Spend- ers, a Tale of the Third Generation " (Lothrop), was born in Illinois, and has divided his adult life between Nebraska and New York. His very readable romance shows a wide knowledge of both eastern and western America, the scenes alternating between the mountains and the Atlantic coast. The theme is an attractive one, most of the book being given up to an account of the manner in which the widow of a Western capitalist passes a season in New York with her son and daughter, the three making money fly and extracting all the merri- ment possible out of a frivolous and dissipated life; and though the mother is given to charitable deeds for a share of her expenditure, a certain lack of sensibility, noticeable through the narrative, places her on the same level as her children. The grandfather of these persons is the most striking figure in the book and the deus ex machinâ who eventually rescues the boy and puts him in the way of redemption, but only through hard work in the money-getting world. The pictures, by Mrs. O'Neill Latham, are admirably illustrative of the spirit of the book, - a sympathy explicable, per- haps, by her recent marriage to the anthor. Mr. Barry Pain is a maker of excellent fun, and his ingenious tale of “The One Before ” (Scribner) the best of light reading. A magic ring, eagerly sought for by an Oriental owner throughout the story, has the power to confer upon its wearer the character of the person who had worn it just before. The ring makes several instructive shifts under Mr. Pain's skilful direction, but the most important one places it, fresh from the hand of a professional lion-tamer, on the finger of a wife subjected to the exactions of a petty domestic tyrant. The change in the relative positions of the couple after the magic becomes efficacious is as pleasant as it is in- structive. To this character drawing is added the zest of a search for the missing jewel, conducted by a rather discordant family of London Jews. In these, as in the Gentiles of the book, Mr. Pain has a genius for search- ing out and exploiting weaknesses and foibles, leaving the story laughworthy throughout, even in the course of true love which trickles through it. One whirl of the revolutionary wheel in some South American Republic gives Miss Margery Williams the material for her novelette of “ The Late Returning" (Macmillan), a tropical passion of the revolutionary leader for the favorite of the chief executive against whoin he conspires lending the other element of ro- mance. The narrative is in good part from the mouths of newspaper men from these United States, young fellows who are conducting a daily journal in the capi- tal of the unnamed country under difficulties largely exotic. The book is brief, but filled with matter, and shows a skill in handling that promises still better work in the future. It will certainly interest its readers, even in hot weather. Mr. Frederick Trevor Hill's story of “ The Minority" (Stokes) is one of commercial chicanery for the most part, dealing with great industrial combinations, labor difficulties, speculations on the Stock Exchange, and other similar components of our present civilization. The principal character is a young man who bas inher- ited a large manufacturing business, and feels a senti- mental and somewhat patronizing obligation toward bis working people. This sentiment dissipates itself rapidly when they show their readiness to strike, though it is really the commercial rivals of the concern who insti- gate the workmen's demands. The villain of the book is the father of the heroine, and his putting her in the young manufacturer's way to aid him in getting the better of the young man financially leads to the event- ual hap! of both. The treatment tends more to realism than to optimism, but it is no bad picture of the times. It would be doing a serious injustice to everyone con- cerned to call the titular cbaracter of Mr. Will N. Har- ben's “ Abner Daniel” (Harper) a southern “David Harum." The story does not ramble, but presents a clear picture of life in Georgia, setting forth the manner in which a speculator in timber-land is allowed to realize a comfortable fortune by various devices admitted in the world of commerce, but for the most part far more expedient than commendable. In the several transac- tions the bachelor uncle, Abner, plays the part of a chorus, while others take the more active parts until the climax. In this Abner has a full share, however much be is overshadowed elsewhere. We like to think of the South as a part of America not yet commercial- ized, and Mr. Harben is by no means convincing, though always interesting and doubtless correct, in showing the part such speculations play in its development, both material and intellectual. “ Hearts Courageous ” (Bowen-Merrill) is a great improvement in every respect upon the former books of Miss Hallie Erminie Rives, being a well worked out romance of the American Revolution. The leading part is played by a French nobleman, an emissary of Louis XVI. sent to America to report to his royal mas- ter on the condition of the colonies in respect of their revolt against British rule. By a device neither original nor shop-worn, he is made to appear as an impostor masquerading in his own personality, and held by the British to be in their employ. The resulting situations are filled with excitement, complicated by the love the Fr man has awakened in a patriotic Virginia girl of fine family. Many of the leading characters of the period come into the argument at one time or another. The chief fault of the book is the obviousness of the Frenchman's disguise; though this will but little trouble an inexperienced reader. Another romance of the Revolution is Mr. James Eugene Farmer's “ Brinton Eliot: From Yale to York- town” (Macmillan). The book opens with a fairly well realized description of Yale College just before New ) 66 [August 1, THE DIAL a 93 a England revolted openly, with Nathan Hale, and many another contributor to our national independence of lesser note, as undergraduates in that time-honored in- stitution of learning. The poet Freneau appears also, and is made to compose some of his stinging satires on British misrule for Mr. Farmer's pages. Throughout the work appears as a praiseworthy attempt to show the obligations of the fathers of the Republic to the men of Yale; but the manner is rather that of an ama- teur than of an accomplished writer of fiction. Yet the faults are chiefly those of a first novel, and Mr. Farmer has all the world before him when he chooses a topic not so limited in its scope. With the frank intention to preach peace as one of the essentials of Christianity, “ Edna Lyall” (Miss Ada Ellen Bayly) has taken for her latest novel the title of “The Hinderers" (Longmans), from the woe pro- nounced by Jesus upon the lawyers, « Them that were entering in ye bindered," and both her hero and heroine stand against the mania for conquest and aggrandizement which has dominated Great Britain since the beginning of hostilities in South Africa. With so insistent a theme, it is inevitable that the lit- erary art of the book must suffer; yet it is a word spoken in season, even though the war itself has ceased. For the rest, the story is one of English fashionable life, with the frivolity and self-seeking of the upper middle classes in abrupt contrast with the lives of a few highly principled men and women. A new edition of Mr. Clive Holland's “ My Japanese Wife” (Stokes) attests the popularity of that pleasing account of the failure of a delightful little girl of Nip- pon to adapt herself to British ways when taken by her fond husband to his home. Mr. Holland has rewritten a few passages in the book without changing its pur- port or interest, and new pictures have been made for it. These, while endeavoring to realize Japanese methods, go only half way, and the result is not alto- gether satisfactory. The misunderstandings of a married pair afford the nucleus around which Mr. W. E. Norris has framed “ The Credit of the County” (Appleton), a mildly realistic novel of English country life. A rather silly young girl is wedded by a man who makes too few allowances for her youth and lack of stability, and be is hardly to be blamed for holding that she shall be his wife in nothing but name after he has surprised her in the act of permitting a vapid youth of the neigh- borhood to kiss her. The head of a pushing and newly- rich family also witnesses the indiscretion, and shrewdly uses it as a lever to pry his way into the mildly aristo- cratic society thereabouts. The book is slight, though workmanlike, and will make acceptable summer reading. Sara Jeannette Duncan (Mrs. Everard Cotes) may certainly be regarded as one likely to hold the scales even, in such a consideration of British and American social life as she depicts in “ Those Delightful Amer- icans” (Appleton). Born in Canada and accustomed to Americans from infancy, long a resident in India and well known in English society as well, she is ad- mirably fitted to analyze the differences between lives so widely variant and yet so closely akin. She might perhaps be quarrelled with as having selected for her exemplars of American society the men and women and youth of a generation which had made its own fortunes, but if she had gone elsewhere her contrast between these people and her satisfied English aristo- crats would have been less acute and by no means so amusing The episode of the elderly woman of vast wealth who prefers to attend to her own housekeeping in a palace on the Hudson River, and finds herself con- fronted with a genuine English butler secured for her by her old-country friends, is delicious. Miss Duncan's sympathies, too, are evidently with the Americans in most respects ; though the book is so artfully con- trived that her English readers will probably consider the reverse to be her intention. Mr. Orr Kenyon assists his readers by setting forth the aims of his “ Amor Victor" (Stokes) in a “ Note Explanatory” which he prints at the end of the vol- ume, and prefixes a “Note Prefatory to ask tbat the explanatory note be read both “ before and after taking" in the body of the story. These aims are high, it is hardly needful to remark, but they are imper- fectly realized. The sufferings of the early Christians in the reign of Tiberius are rather lost sight of, so near a demigod is the protagonist, who himself loses sight of his baptism by the Beloved Apostle from time to time. The scenes in the arena of the Coliseum at Rome are told with an evident love for vivid description, and the horrors come out in full force. But a large part of the concluding explanation might have been omitted to ad dvantage. The growth of a little Maine settlement to the stature of a fashionable sea-side resort is set forth in Mrs. Henrietta G. Rowe's “ A Maid of Bar Harbor" (Little, Brown & Co.), and the “unearned increment of the single-taxers plays no small part in developing the characters of the original residents, a brother going down to moral ruin, and a sister to comfort of both soul and body. This compensating effect of greed is one of the good things in the book, but its chief point lies in the manner in wbich the evolution of the little village is suggested from page to page. Mrs. Rowe has a real heroine, and has done wisely in selecting for the mate of so nice a girl the playmate of her childhood. Though Mr. J. A. Altsheler introduces Tarleton and Morgan into “My Captive” (Appleton), and ends his narrative with the American victory at Cowpens, his situations are nowhere essentially those of the Revolu- tionary war, and the numerous captures and recaptures of the patriotic hero and Tory beroine, which make up the greater part of his story, are fairly assignable to any condition of partisan warfare in any country. It is a story of event, and not of character; yet the growth of love between the capturer and the captive, and the reversal now and again of the positions of the two, are not devoid of the power to hold attention. Mr. E. L. Vincent is an optimist in politics, and the principal figure in his " Margaret Bowlby" (Lothrop) is a young miner who is able singlehanded to triumph over wrong and corruption in the legislature of no less a state than Pennsylvania. He does not do much him- self, except to present an impregnable armor of right- eousness to his adversaries at all times; yet this leads him to the governorship of the great commonwealth, in a manner that every reader must sincerely wish might be prophetic. From this statement it may be judged that the author is not deeply versed either in practical politics or in the history of the particular legislature he has chosen as the Augean stable for his Hercules to cleanse. Nor does he go far in the way of convincing his readers by the development of character. But as a counsel of perfection, the story makes very pleasant reading in these days of political degradation and dismay. a > 1902.] 67 THE DIAL a Two young men and one young woman, all Amer- in the development of the plot. One fault is the insist- icans of the better class, form a sort of joint Robinson ent use of quotation marks to indicate certain techni- Crusoe in Mr. Charles L. Marsh's “ Not on the Chart” calities of Assyriological study, a practice seriously (Stokes). One of them is an engineer, and the other a interfering with the book's verisimilitude. Nor is the universally informed person so far as the two men are enormous antiquity of Mesopotamian civilization suffi- concerned, and it is inevitable that they should both fall ciently insisted upon. in love with the young woman. The ensuing rivalry and The themes of the ten transcripts from metropolitan its results are well brought out and never fail of inter- life that make up Miss Elizabeth G. Jordan's “ Tales of est. The great strain on the probabilities lies in the Destiny ” (Harper) are invariably on the tragical side astonishing amount of knowledge of everything pos- of life, redeemed in most instances by a feeling of sym- sessed by the unsuccessful lover, — yet there is prece- pathetic humanity which may be taken for humor in its dent and to spare in other and earlier tales of castaways better sense. Those who recall Miss Jordan's “ Tales upon desert islands. of the City Room” will find several stories from the Mrs. Sheppard Stevens has drawn extensively on the same source here, while the milder and more serene history of the city of St. Louis at the beginning of the “ Tales of the Cloister" furnish no further inspira- last century for her novel “In the Eagle's Talon " tion, -an omission to be regretted. It is to be added, (Little, Brown & Co.). The simple and primitive life by way of compensation, that few books in general lit- of the French residents is soon exchanged, however, for erature have appeared lately which contain so much the whirl of Paris under the First Consul, and the dra- morality, pure and undefiled, leading in occasional epi- matic climax is interwoven with the making of the sodes to the absorption of the literary by the ethical treaty by which France ceded the territory of Louisiana. interest. Miss Jordan is a keen observer and analyst, Mrs. Stevens bas left several loose ends in her book, and it is to be hoped she will soon essay some fictional which is rather unevenly written. work of greater magnitude. Mr. R. H. Davis records, in one of his short stories, Strangers at the Gate: Tales of Russian Jewry” that a great British statesman found his best recreation (Jewish Publication Society of America) contains no in reading detective stories. Many another must con- fewer than eighteen episodes from a racial life left fess a sly fondness for this sort of pastime,- a demand uninterpreted in American literature except for Mr. which cannot, after all, be very great or it is to be pre- Samuel Gordon, the author of these and two or three sumed that more such stories would be written. Mr. similar collections. So far do his scenes and characters A. W. Marchmont, in “Miser Hoadley's Secret” (New transcend ordinary Gentile experience that it is difficult Amsterdam Book Co.), tells a very good one, in which to appreciate the real worth of his writing. So far the chief character leads a double life, and the mys- from the oriental exaggeration which might well attach tery depends upon strong resemblances between two to these tales, there is everywhere a fine reserve and an criminals implicated. An oversight on the author's part indication of reserved strength which promise even leaves some valuable jewels in the hands of one of the better things than these vignettes from Jewish life in villains, and quite unaccounted for; and the heroine is Russia - or Russian life in Jewry. There is material somewhat too manly, and the hero a trifle ladylike. enough and to spare for such an author as Mr. Gordon Yet it is one of the best recent stories of its kind, and in the Ghettos of the great American cities, and it is can be depended upon for keeping its readers awake. greatly to be desired that his attention should turn to The demand for stories of animals, and nature stories this fertile field. in general, has been rather marked of late. Miss Ellen Mrs. Lucy Meacham Thruston's “ A Girl of Virginia" Velvin, F.Z.S., is well equipped for the task she un- (Little, Brown & Co.) is a well-conceived story of the dertakes in "Rataplan, a Rogue Elephant, and Other University of Virginia, successfully embodying the Stories” (Altemus). A scientific knowledge of the academic life of one of the worthiest and most notable habits of the fifteen beasts and one bird which enter of American educational institutions. The contrast be- into her scheme results in much information pleasantly tween the feeling of the modern commercial world and concealed for younger readers; and there are hints at certain fine old Virginian traditions is admirably worked the broader democracy that includes all created out. It is a great pity the text of this book could not things in its scope, the rights of pets under children's have been more carefully revised, as to details of style domination, and of the better side of the nature of our and grammar. humbler kinsfolk. The numerous illustrations in color, It is hard to do justice to the book called “Mistress by Mr. Gustave Verbeck, add greatly to the attractive- Dorothy of Haddon Hall" (Fenno), by a writer hitherto ness of the volume, which will make an excellent gift unknown, Mr. Henry Hastings. The title and selection at any time of the year for young and growing people. of characters both trespass upon Mr. Charles Major's The ability to write vividly and well enables Mr. successful romance to an extent which makes confusion William Stearns Davis to succeed where so many have of the two almost inevitable. As the present story failed, in writing a novel out of ancient sacred and pro- forces comparisons with its predecessor, it may be said fane history commingled. His last novel, “ Belsbazzar, at once that, quite apart from its lack of originality, it a Tale of the Fall of Babylon”(Doubleday, Page & Co.), is in every way inferior. Mr. Hastings has all the embodies a considerable amount of learning, much of faults of a novice, his historical holdings in the period the latest knowledge of the Assyriologists finding place he discusses are almost invisible, and his work is crude in bis narrative, though in its main facts it follows and unsatisfactory. rather the book of Daniel. Some of this knowledge is not In her “ Lafitte of Louisiana” (Little, Brown & Co.), fully realized, and there is a general lack of psychical Miss Mary Devereux has been as successful in the distinction between the oriental characters utilized, choice of a hero as was Mrs. Catherwood with Eleazar making it a story of event rather than of development. Williams in “ Lazarre.” Indeed, there are many curi- Still, it is a stirring romance, Daniel and the Prophet ous parallels to be drawn between the “ Pirate of the of the Captivity, the second Isaiah, playing a great part Gulf” and the pretender to the throne of France, so far a " a 68 (August 1, THE DIAL 9 Booth Mr.B. 9. Blackwell, Oxford, is the publisher of «A as their biographies and traditions which have grown cussion of a peculiarly timely subject is now made up around them are concerned. One tradition in the available in pamphlet form by Mr. Henry Frowde, at present volume connects Jean Lafitte with the return the Oxford University Press. of Napoleon from Elba; and of this Miss Devereux has “ The Care of the Teeth,” by Dr. Samuel A. Hop- wisely made the most. His exploits as a pirate and kins, is a small book, not exactly related to literature, privateer are little detailed, as they are little known; but having a useful function. It is published by Messrs. but there is real disappointment in the author's failure D. Appleton & Co. to discuss at length Lafitte's splendid service at the Messrs. Jennings & Pye are the publishers of “The battle of New Orleans, and to describe that notable Doctrines of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Amer- victory, altogether too little known to the present gen- ica,” a work in two small volumes, compiled and edited eration. The book is long, and was evidently written by Dr. John J. Tigert. in haste; but it is nowhere lacking in interest. “St. Luke,” edited by Dr. M. R. Vincent, and “Dan- The eternal contrast between urban sophistication iel and the Minor Prophets,” edited by Dr. R. Sinker, and rural simplicity, the former embodied in masculine are the latest volumes of the “ Temple Bible," as pub- and the latter in feminine form, lies at the bottom of lished by the J. B. Lippincott Co. Mr. William Henry Carson's “The Fool" (Dilling- Miss Clara Tschudi's Life of Marie Antoinette, in the ham). A grotesque character, whose uncomplimentary authorized translation of Mr. E. M. Cope, is published local soubriquet gives title to the book, is introduced in a second edition by Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. The by way of chorus to the characters, and as the general instrument of fate in bringing about the happiness of work is probably the best popular account of its subject to be had. those concerned. The story is frequently amusing, though lacking in art as distinguished from artificiality. “The Poems of Schiller,” translated by Mr. E. P. Readers nowadays are no more to be contented with Arnold-Foster, are published by Messrs. Henry Holt an ordinary love-affair in a book than amusement-seekers & Co. The translation is painstaking but not distin- would be with an old-fashioned circus. Mrs. Ellen Olney guished, and it is difficult to understand for what pub- lic such a work is issued. Kirk's latest story for girls, “ A Remedy for Love (Houghton), enables the figure to be carried a step fur- « The Unknown God," an essay by Sir Henry ther; for she has three several heroes and as many hero- Thompson, is a booklet published by Messrs. Frederick ines, — just as the Sells and Ringlings have three rings Warne & Co. This striking essay was first published in their great tents. Two of the heroines are young girls, in “ The Fortnightly Reviewa few months ago, where it attracted much just “out” in society, and their lovers are “according," as they say in New England; but the third hero is no less a personage than the young girls' widowed papa. The Primer of Greek Constitutional History" by Mr. A. H. book is full of cross-purposes, and all the amusement Walker. This book is based in part upon the larger to be legitimately derived from surprises; and, while work of Mr. Greenidge, and is specially planned for not a remarkable work in any respect, will make good the needs of the English public school boy. reading for those whose age finds the topic engrossing. A new edition, in a single volume, of the “Life and “ The Suitors of Yvonne” (Putnam) is Mr. Rafael Letters of Lady Sarah Lennox,” reviewed at length in Sabatini's contribution to the cause of the sword-and- THE DIAL for March 16 last, is published by Messrs. cloak romance, with Cardinal Mazarin in the lurid back- Charles Scribner's Sons. The text and illustrations are ground to lend historical verity to slashing fighting and in all respects identical with the original edition in two intermittent but assiduous love-making. A ruffling volumes. gamester in fortunes sadly reduced; a maid of high The New Amsterdam Book Co. have just published a birth and great expectations surpassing in beauty the neat three-volume reprint of the 1814 edition of the houris of the Moslem paradise; a rival who is in every Lewis and Clark Journals. Portraits of the explorers way suited for the maid, — given these, and the prob- and maps of their route add to the attractiveness of this lem is presented for solution. It is romance of the edition, which is, however, simply a reprint without any best possible sort, romance with the courage of its modern scholarly apparatus. convictions, — and there is not a dull page for the The first number of “The Gulf States Historical reader to yawn over. The world owes a debt of grati- Magazine," edited by Mr. Thomas M. Owen, and pub- tude to the inventor of this sort of literature, - much lished at Montgomery, Alabama, presents a highly more, in truth, than to this latest exemplar of it, whose creditable appearance, and betokens anew the growing work was largely done for him by distant predecessors. interest of the South in intellectual undertakings. The magazine will be issued six times a year, and the reputation of the editor as a student of Southern his- tory offers a guaranty that the contents will be of value. NOTES. We have seldom seen a more tasteful or attractive catalogue than the one just sent us by Messrs. Alex- “The Book of Orchids," by Mr. W. H. White, is a ander Denham & Co. of London, describing the books, new volume in Mr. John Lane's rapidly growing series anuscripts, autographs, and drawings for sale by that of “ Handbooks of Practical Gardening." firm. Beautifully printed at the Chiswick Press, and Messrs. John Wiley & Son publish a translation of illustrated with numerous reproductions of various sorts, Laplace's “ Philosophical Essay on Probabilities,” the it is a publication which the collector will delight in, and work of Professors F. W. Truscott and F. L. Emery. a model of its kind. The American agent for Messrs. The Romanes Lecture for 1902 was given at Oxford Denham & Co. is Mr. E. A. Denbam, New York. on the seventh of June by Mr. James Bryce, who took We are glad to note the appearance of a new edition, for his subject “The Relations of the Advanced and the with illustrations, of that sterling romance of Indian Backward Races of Mankind.” This philosophical dis- life in Oregon, “ The Bridge of the Gods,” by the late - mar 1902.] 69 THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS. (The following list, containing 75 titles, includes books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] F. H. Balch. The book was published a dozen years ago by Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co., who issue the present reprint. It is a work of unusual strength and interest, and well deserves the success denoted by this attractive illustrated edition, which will be welcomed by old admirers of the book and should introduce it to a large circle of new ones. The eight full-page pic- tures by Mr. L. Maynard Dixon are strong portrayals of Indian life and character, well fitting the style and spirit of the book. TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. August, 1902. Aeronaut, How I Became an. Santos-Dumont. McClure. African Pygmies, The. Samuel P. Verner. Atlantic. Balfour, Arthur J. A. Maurice Low. Review of Reviews. Barnum, Showman and Humorist. Joel Benton. Century. Bee, Wrath of the. M. Maeterlinck. Harper. British Preferential Trade and Imperial Defense. No. Am. Browning Tonic, The. Martha B. Dunn. Atlantic. Carnegia, Constitution of. J. R. Perry. No. American. Classics, Lineage of the. F.G. Kenyon. Harper. Commercial Expansion, Continuation of Our. World's Work. Consciousness, Problem of, in Biological Aspects. Pop. Sci. Cuba, Industrial and Commercial Conditions in. Rev. of Revs. Cuba's Claim upon the U.S. 0. H. Platt. No. American. Cuban Municipality, The. V. S. Clark. Review of Reviews. Desert, The. Verner Z. Reed. Atlantic. Dael, Effort to Abolish the. North American. Earthquakes and Volcanoes. James F. Kemp. Century. France's Touring Craftsmen, André Castaigne. Harper. Georgia Governorship, The. Review of Reviews. Hamilton's Mother, My Hunt for. G. Atherton. No. Amer. Harte, Bret. H. C. Merwin. Atlantic. Italy, August in. Edith Wharton. Scribner. Labor, Organization of. Ray S. Baker. World's Work. Marriage among Eminent Men. E. L. Thorndike. Pop. Sci. Martinique and St. Vincent, A Geologist in. Popular Science. Martinique Disaster, The Very Rev. G. Parel. Century, Mitchell, John. Lincoln Steffens. McClure. Moonshiners at Home. Leonidas Hubbard, Jr. Atlantic. Music, Bird and Human, Parallel Growth of. Harper, New York, The New. Randall Blackshaw. Century. New York to Chicago in 20 Hours. World's Work. North-American, The Primeval. Charles Hallock. Harper. Ocean Travellers, State Protection for. North American. Panama Canal Route. W. H. Burr. Popular Science. Pedestrians, City, Amenities of. L. Windmüller. Rev. of Rev. Pelée, Mount, after the Eruption. A, Heilprin. McClure. People at Play, The. World's Work. Poetic Drama, Revival of. Edmund Gosse. Atlantic. Radio-Activity. Robert K. Duncan. Harper. Rice-Farming in South. D. A. Willey. Review of Reviews. Rockies, A Girl in the. Caroline Lockhart. Lippincott. Royalty, Mental and Moral Heredity in. Popular Science. Salisbury, Marquis of. Sydney Brooks. North American. Short Story, The Bliss Perry. Atlantic. Sienkiewicz and his Writings. S. C. de Soissons. No. Amer. Sill's Poetry. Atlantic. Social Bacteria and Economic Microbes. E. Atkinson. Pop S. Social Wasps, Behavior of. Minnie Enteman. Pop. Science. South African Outlook, The. North American. Spooner of Wisconsin. Walter Wellman. Review of Reviews. St. Vincent, Catastrophe in. S. C. Reid. Century. Turkey, Public Debt of. C. Morawitz. North American. University-Building. David Starr Jordan. Popular Science. Vesuvius, Pliny's Account of Eruption of. Century. War Museum, M. Bloch's Great Review of Reviews. Watts, George Frederick. W.T. Stead. Review of Reviews. West Indies, Extension of Am. Influence in. No. American. West Point after a Century. F. Palmer. World's Work. Wireless Telegraphy, Future of. P.T. McGrath. No. Amer. GENERAL LITERATURE. The Spindle-Side of Scottish Song. By Jessie P. Findlay. With portraits, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 200. E. P. Dut- ton & Co. $1.50 net. The Kiss, and Its History. By Dr. Christopher Nyrop; trans. by William Frederick Harvey. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 189. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2. net, Hymns of the Faith (Dhammapada): Being an Ancient Anthology Preserved in the Short Collection of the Sacred Scriptures of the Buddhists. Trans. from the Pali by Albert J. Edmunds. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 109. Chi- cago: Open Court Publishing Co. How to Make an Index. By Henry B. Wheatley, F.S.A. 16mo, uncut, pp. 236. " Book-Lover's Library." A. C. Armstrong & Son. $1.25. Hagar and Ishmael: A Drama. By C. P. Flockton. Illus., 12mo, pp. 55. Brentano's. Paper, 25 cts. Fifth Jewish Chautauqua Assembly Papers. 12mo, pp. 118. Jewish Publication Society. BIOGRAPHY. William Hazlitt. By Augustine Birrell. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 244. • English Men of Letters." Macmillan Co. 75 cts, net. HISTORY. History of the Roman People. By Charles Seignobos; translation edited by William Fairley, Ph.D. Illus., 12mo, pp. 528. Henry Holt & Co. $1.25 net. Destruction of St. Pierre, Martinique. By J. Herbert Welch and H. E. Taylor. 12mo, pp. 240. R. F. Fenno & Co. 50 cts. NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. The Poems of Edward Rowland Sill. Limited edition ; with photogravure portrait, large 8vo, unout, pp. 327. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $5. net. History of the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Reprinted from the edition of 1814. In 3 vols., with portraits and maps, 16mo, gilt tops. “Commonwealth Library.” New Amsterdam Book Co. $3. net. Temple Bible. New volumes : Daniel and the Minor Pro- phets, edited by R. Sinker, D.D.; St. Luke, edited by M.R. Vincent, D.D. Each with photogravure frontispiece, 24mo, gilt top. J.B. Lippincott Co. Per vol., leather, 60 cts.net. VERSE. 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Illus., 12mo, pp. 184. Ginn & Co. 50 cts. Animals at Home