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SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All communications sh Id be addressed to THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. No. 388. AUG. 16, 1902. Vol. XXXIII. CONTENTS. A YEAR OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS PAGE 79 THE ELECTIVE BOARD OF EDUCATION. Duane Moury 82 84 COMMUNICATIONS The Case “ Not Proven.” J. S. Snoddy. Poe and the University of Virginia. E. A. Forbes. The Transmutations of a Word. Samuel Willard. CHRONICLES OF A FAMOUS TRAVELLER. Wallace Rice 87 . 64 ** THE IDEAL ROMAN SENATOR." W. H. John- son 90 THE RENDING OF VIRGINIA." James M. Gar- nett A YEAR OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS. The most interesting, and perhaps the most important, among the educational publications of the year is the survey of recent progress and present conditions made by President Harper a few weeks ago, and read by him at the Min- neapolis meeting of the National Educational Association. The paper was prepared with great care and thoroughness, after correspond- ence and consultation with over a hundred of the best known workers in the educational field, and offers a comprehensive account of what has recently been accomplished in all the main departments of teaching and school ad- ministration. It is the work of an expert who has had the assistance of many other experts, and deserves to be read carefully by every American who is engaged in educational work. The opening paragrapb of this address reads as follows: “ In attempting a survey of the progress of educa- tional work during the period of a single year, one quickly discovers three or four things : (1) that such a survey will contain no adequate presentation of the mass of material which may rightly lay claim to be in- cluded - a volume of hundreds of pages being hardly sufficient, much less a paper of forty or fifty minutes; (2) that no sharp line can be drawn between different years, since the more important events really assume the nature of movements, and most of them cover a period of several years; (3) that prejudice against taking forward steps in education bas been greatly di- minished, and skepticism as to the value of the old conventional usages in schools and colleges is largely on the increase; (4) that, whatever may have been true in the past, no very close connection any longer exists between the educational movements of England and the continent, and those of our own land. At all events, we may no longer be counted merely as followers; in some respects, we may perhaps claim the position of leadership.” If Dr. Harper's hour was inadequate for anything like a full presentation of the many topics clamoring for attention, our own ten or fifteen minutes must be still more inadequate, and we will attempt no more than a selection of passages, accompanied by a few words of brief description and comment. The important subject of the training of teachers yields the following observations, which we believe to be essentially sound : “ The teacher is beginning to recognize more clearly the importance of study for the sake of information as distinguished from that of method study. This differ- 91 94 THE YALE BICENTENNIAL AND COMPARA- TIVE PHILOLOGY. Guido H. Stempel . 92 Oertel's Lectures on the Study of Language. Hopkins's India Old and New. - Hopkins's The Great Epic of India. Morris's On Principles and Methods in Latin Syntax. SOME RECENT BOOKS ON EDUCATION. Henry Davidson Sheldon Search's An Ideal School. — Mark's Individuality and the Moral Aim in American Education. White's The Art of Teaching. - Laurie's The Training of Teachers and Methods of Instruc- tion. Pinloche's Pestalozzi and the Foundation of the Modern Elementary School. — Kemp's His- tory of Education. — Historical Sources in Schools. BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 95 Educational and social essays. The latest text- book of English literature. — Records of a vanished craft. Student life at Oxford. — The case of the Short Story.— A new treatise on Zoology. – A timely volume on forest culture. An attractive Psychology. — Observations on men and women. BRIEFER MENTION 99 . NOTES 99 LIST OF NEW BOOKS 100 80 [August 16, THE DIAL ence is the old bone of contention between the normal it is an election on his part, is preferable to the group- school and the college. A radical step, and one which ing of subjects which the best experience has approved, seems to acknowledge this general principle, has been the writer desires to enter earnest protest - - a protest taken during the past year in the city of Chicago. The based upon experience with students of a still maturer city normal school, whose function it is to train teachers age. It has been my experience, after careful study of for the elementary field, has advanced its course of the facts as brought to light in the operation of dif- study to three years, and has made its requirement for ferent systems, that the average boy or girl in the admission coördinate with that of the leading colleges freshman or sophomore college years exhibits an utter in the country. ... This need of broader scholarship | inability to make wise decision between various courses has nowhere been more deeply appreciated than among of instruction. The choice will be determined, in a the teachers themselves, and in testimony of this state- majority of instances, by the hour of recitation, or ment we need only recall the interest and support of some statement concerning the course by a fellow- that great multitude of elementary teachers who spend student. Least of all does he have in mind the rela- a part of their vacations in the summer schools and tionship of the course to the work which lies before colleges. The encouragement of summer study by the him. I am, therefore, strongly of the opinion that, superintendents of the great cities, and the avidity with unless the choice of subject in secondary work is prac- which such opportunities have been seized, present a tically controlled by the principal, election will prove situation heretofore unknown; and one from which the injurious rather than helpful.” greatest possible results may be expected. It is not method study simply that these teachers hunger for; it This condemnation of the absurdity of turning is rather information on special subjects in which they boys and girls loose upon a course of study, have discovered their weakness." to patch up their own programmes in accord- The sooner the old type of normal school is ance with their own whims, might profitably banished from our educational systems, the be made more emphatic than it is ; and with healthier our pedagogical condition will be. the condemnation there should be coupled That normal school work should be, in any radi- . some more or less sarcastic comment upon the cal sense, different from the regular academic solemn nonsense which is commonly advanced work of the college or other higher institution, as argument in behalf of the elective system. is one of the most mischievous notions that The growth of secondary education in this ever obtained a foothold in our educational country is one of the most striking phenomena theory. After a while, we shall come to realize of recent years. Within a decade the number that pedagogy itself is a good deal of a fetich, of high-school students has doubled, the great and that the really educated teacher knows by majority of students who enter college come instinct about all that he needs to know of the from high-schools, the number of such schools art of teaching is increasing rapidly in every state, and the The subject of secondary education occupies scope of the high-school curriculum is being a large space — but not larger than is com- extended every year. mensurate with its importance — in Dr. Har- “ These schools have come to occupy a unique field per's survey. independent of higher institutions. In many sections of “ It is thought by some of the ablest representatives the country the work is coördinate with the work of the of secondary education in New England that the expe- smaller colleges, and the preparatory schools connected rience of the past year includes as an encouraging fea- with the smaller colleges no longer occupy their former ture, the change on the part of the colleges to revert to place of importance and dignity. In fact, the high the old standards of requirements which laid emphasis school is rapidly coming to be a rival of the smaller discipline college . knowledge. It is believed that a beginning in this direct the work of the freshman year, and even some of the tion has already been observed, and that there exists a work of the sophomore year, this being recognized and widespread conviction that such a course is required by accepted by the state universities. This tendency, sound doctrine. Certain western institutions have laid while subversive of the relationships which have hitherto emphasis upon this point for several years. It is grati- existed between college and preparatory school, and fying to note that the recognition of this principle is while injurious in the extreme to the growth and de- gaining ground in the New England colleges. The velopment of the smaller college, is a tendency which is principle involved is one essential to the best interests invaluable and which deserves encouragement. It is a of secondary education, and unless this principle is movement in the interests of economy, of better sec- adopted unreservedly, secondary training will not only ondary education, and of better and broader higher lose a large share of its value, but in many cases prove education. The time is coming when, in every state, distinctly injurious. The tendency toward the intro- the leading high schools will carry the work to the end duction of elective work in secondary schools has un- of the sophomore year in college. Nothing can be said questionably increased during this past year. In so far in justification of the policy of stopping at an earlier as such election is virtually an arrangement of studies in point than this." groups of closely connected subjects, no exception to it may be taken; but to the proposition that the average Upon the controverted question of the simpli- secondary student is able, even with the parents' help, fication of college degrees, Dr. Harper argues, to select his subjects, and that such selection, because with convincing logic, for the preservation of 1902.) 81 THE DIAL a Led a the distinction, at present still generally made, suming a partisan attitude toward controverted , between the two or three fundamental types of subjects. But even then his position remains intellectual training. sacred. There are only two causes that justify • There are those who believe that the distinctions a demand for the resignation of a professor in proposed in the different degrees are distinctions based full university standing. upon real differences; that a course the larger part of which is in science may properly be called a course in “ His resignation will be demanded, and will be ac- science, and the degree given be a degree in science. cepted, when, in the opinion of those in authority, he The word “science' is one which its enthusiastic advo- has been guilty of immorality, or when for any reason cates should honor by use rather than dishonor by he has proved himself to be incompetent to perform the service called for." rejection. By the side of the old college of arts, the characteristic featnre of which was the study of the In view of the fact that the institution of which classics, there have grown up two sister colleges: that Dr. Harper is the administrative head has been of science, and that of modern history and literature. Surely this fact may well be recognized; and nothing is widely, although unjustly, accused of interfer- gained by adapting the old degree to the new college, ing with the free expression of opinion, it is when it is so easy to employ a degree the name of which well that this emphatic disclaimer should be explains itself. This step can hardly be regarded as a made. forward step in education. The breaking down of real distinctions means backward movement, not progress.” The recent transfer of the control of higher We thoroughly agree with the writer in this education from the clergy to the laity is an im- opinion, believing that the arts degree has a portant development, and invites the following comment: prestige peculiarly its own, which it is entitled “ In the Association of American Universities only to preserve. The degree in science may win one institution is under the administration of a clergy- for itself, in some instances has already won man; that one is the Roman Catholic University at for itself, a like prestige ; but it should not Washington, and is essentially a theological institution. usurp the distinctive badge of a fundamentally Special attention was drawn to this fact in the address different discipline. of Mr. Eliot at the Columbia celebration. The signifi- cance of it is self-evident, and, when coupled with the The freedom of university teaching finds a fact that so small a number of college graduates in our staunch friend in Dr. Harper, and he sees universities now plan for the profession of preaching, reason for encouragement in the fact that the the significance grows even more startling. Moreover, public strongly espouses the cause of the pro- from no quarter, not even from the clergy, do we find fessor who is made, or ever seems to be made, criticism of this policy. It seems to meet with general favor and approval. Surely, if anywhere, the old the victim of official persecution. régime would have continued in Princeton; but even at * Every month of the last twelve months bas added Princeton the new policy has been adopted. The fact to the security and permanence of the professor in the is itself a commentary upon the function and place of prosecution of his work. Every month has added to his higber education in the public mind. It does not mean dignity and to the importance which attaches to his that our institutions of learning are any less religious words. Every month has made it clearer that public either in fact or in theory, for it may be confidently sentiment is on the side of the professor in any contest maintained that never, in the history of higher educa- entered into with the institution of which he is a mem- tion, has the religious spirit prevailed more widely, or ber. Within five years the sentiment has become almost extended more deeply, than at present. It does not universal that, once a man is appointed to do work in a mean that questions of ethics or of philosophy occupy a university, the university is responsible for the appoint- less prominent place than in former years. It does not ment, but not for the views which the man later may mean that biblical instruction is now taking a secondary propound. Gradually, but surely, even the common place in comparison with that which it has hitherto oc- people are coming to perceive the difference between cupied; for here again, as everyone knows, never before the university and the individual professors who form in the history of college education have biblical studies its staff. The time has not yet come, to be sure, when occupied the place in academic instruction which they the people make distinctions of this same kind between hold to-day. But if it does not mean these things, what the president of an institution and the institution itself. does it mean? Simply that the work of education is It is still wrongly understood that the words of a presi- itself a profession, separate and distinct from preaching. dent must be words carrying with them the force and In truth, the position of the university president has influence and authority of the university as a whole. become a unique position, a profession by itself; one the Ten years from now in the West and Northwest, men demands of which are greater perhaps than those made will be able to make this additional distinction. But upon any other profession. This new phase is a growth great has been the progress which has thus far obtained of the last two decades. What its future development in the attitude of the public toward the individual pro- will be no one can prophesy; but it stands out to-day as fessor." distinct from the office of the clergy, on the one hand, A professor may abuse his position by promul . science, on the other. The college president must be a as from that of the specialist in any department of gating crude ideas in a sensational way, by specialist, and he must also be a generalist. Scholar- speaking authoritatively on matters outside of ship is expected of him; at the same time, thorough his own special department of work, or by as- business training. The capacity for desk work is de- 82 (August 16, THE DIAL - het manded, and, besides, skill in public speaking; and, terms of the bequest. Both the letter and above all, if not knowledge of all things, at least sym- pathy with all knowledge. the spirit of the Rhodes will make it perfectly The past year bas made large contribution to the further differentiation of this clear that the founder had boys in mind — new character in modern life.” public-school boys, and not graduate students The closing section of this address is de- of universities or even undergraduates. If the voted to a consideration of the Carnegie and trustees, acting on the advice of American uni. Rhodes foundations — “the two greatest single versity men, should seek to evade or to nullify events in the history of higher education dur- this carefully expressed purpose, they would ing ... the past ten years.” Concerning the be acting in bad faith so manifest that it could former of these gifts, after expressing the opin- not be concealed by any sort of rhetorical ion that the “gift to Scotch universities up to juggling. The plea will not avail that the the present time has resulted in far greater founder would have acted more wisely had he injury than good to those institutions and to provided for a hundred American university the cause of education in that country,” Dr. students; that is possibly true, but the plain Harper goes on to say: fact is that he provided instead for a hundred “ The Carnegie fund has been established for re- boys from the high schools and academies of search and ought to contribute largely to institutional this country. We cannot believe that the body coöperation; but if, instead of encouraging the work of of honorable and responsible men intrusted research and investigation as already established in our with the execution of these testamentary pro- institutions of learning, it endeavors to detach such work from those institutions and to gather to itself the visions will be persuaded to act as President responsibility and the credit for such work; if, instead Harper suggests that they may act; the case of strengthening the work where it already exists, it un- against such a course is too clear, and the dertakes to establish new foundations, independent of declared purpose of Cecil Rhodes too evident, these institutions, in order that its own work may be more tangible, it will prove to be the greatest curse to to warrant us in entertaining this suggestion higher education in this country instead of a blessing.” save as a danger against which the trustees With what is said of the Rhodes scholarship must be on their guard. endowment we are compelled to take sharp issue. First of all we read : “If the Rhodes scholarships are to be employed to detach from the American environment one hundred or THE ELECTIVE BOARD OF more young men of special ability each year and trans- EDUCATION. port them to foreign soil in order to imbue them with foreign ideas at an age when they are peculiarly impres- The Educational Commission of Chicago, in a sionable; if the purpose of this foundation is to draw recent report to the Mayor who created it, very all men to a recognition of the doctrine of imperialism truthfully and cogently said: “ The function of a : as it is embodied in the British Empire, the execution board of education, acting under the authority of of this trust may prove a curse instead of a blessing to state law, is to represent the people in the establish- those who avail themselves of its privileges.” ment and maintenance of the public school system." This is a piece of ad captandum reasoning The report further says that the method of select- which has the demagogic flavor of the news- ing the members of these boards has varied some- paper editorial, and is quite unworthy of the what under different conditions, but that a large president of a great university. We must majority of the members are elected by the people direct. And in a foot-note to its report, the Com- take still more serious exception to what fol- mission adds that in fully nine-tenths of the school lows. When the announcement of the Rhodes districts of the United States the elective system bequest was made, we at once pointed out that will probably be continued. It is also stated in the our university leaders would probably attempt same report that in the larger cities of this country to influence a diversion of the fund from the thirteen out of twenty-three obtain their boards of object clearly in the mind of the giver. A education by means of an election by the people. number of subsequent utterances from univer- Especial reference is made to the last statement, sity men have already realized our prediction, because the purpose and scope of this article are and to this number Dr. Harper's suggestion confined chiefly to boards of education in the larger must now be added. In saying that “the cities, to those school boards whose members serve form of the gift is sufficiently indefinite to without pay and are not required or expected to make it possible to modify the original propo- give much time or energy to the details of school work. sition and to permit these scholarships to be In a system which so vitally and directly concerns for graduate work rather than for undergrad- every family, and almost the entire population of uate work,” he completely misrepresents the the country, it seems unaccountable that the entire 1902.] 83 THE DIAL : adult population should not be allowed the right to and influences used to obtain places on the govern- an active and intimate participation in some of the ing board : “I desire to have Mr. A. appointed forms of administration of the affairs of the public from my own ward,” said John Smith, who had schools. Self-interest, the interest of the individual, been trumental in securing the enactment of the is an exceedingly strong moving force. To say, as new school law; “he is a particular friend of mine, had been said by advocates of the appointive method and a good Republican." "He was appointed. Mr. of securing boards of education, that some of these Smith asked to have Mr. B. appointed from another interested people do not know enough to exercise ward. “He has not,” said he, “the best educa- the right of franchise intelligently and wisely is to tional or moral qualifications for the place. In fact, say, in effect, that a representative form of govern- he has been implicated in some shady transactions, ment is a failure, and the intrinsic value of demo- which I do not like to talk about. But there is a cratic institutions is mainly mythical. The number money difference between Mr. B. and myself, and of persons is not large that is quite ready to admit if he gets this appointment the prestige which it that. will give him will make it possible for him to pay One of the most potent arguments in favor of me the balance coming to me.” He too was apº the elective board of education is that such a board pointed. Mr. C. was appointed from another ward, is removed from party politics, and is responsible not, as was stated at the time, “because he had any directly to the people, which the appointive board particular qualifications for the position, but the is not; and that it com pels the people to take an third political party must have at least one repre- active and (ultimately if not immediately) an intelli- sentative on the board, and this seems to be the gent interest in the public schools. Such a board only place left.” only place left.” Mr. D. was not appointed from is thoroughly democratic; it comes from the people, another ward because another applicant had a to serve the people, and is easily approached by all stronger “pull” with the appointing power. The the patrons of the school. The appointive method, “pull ” in this case was said to have been that the on the other hand, denies to the great mass of the successful party was a profitable client of the ap- adult population the right to an active participation pointing power. in school affairs. If the cause of public education It is difficult to conceive of a board of education were a purely local or class matter, it might be per- being made up in a more reprehensible manner missible to have less than the entire municipality, than has here been indicated. It is confidently in any other than a representative form of govern- asserted that the voting masses would never be ment, for its constituency. But the public school guilty of motives so low, vicious, and unworthy, in system is not intended for a part of the community, casting about for persons to serve them as the nor for a class or clique or party. It includes school officers of a great city. among its patrons and friends the entire community; The Committee of Fifteen, a committee of and, in our form of government, it is preëminently educational experts, who are doubtless honest and a democratic institution. Why, then, should it be sincere, but who are not believed to be very close argued that in the large cities, where the average to the masses, and who take what may be called the of intelligence is probably as high as elsewhere, the professional view of the question, - favor the ap- management of the public schools should be with pointive board of education. They say, among drawn from the whole people and placed in the other things : “We are strongly of the opinion that hands of one person, or of a few persons at most? in view of the well-known difficulty about securing Why should parents and relatives and friends of the attendance of the most interested and intelligent the school children be denied the right of taking electors at school elections, as well as because of the some interest in matters which so deeply and closely apparent impossibility of freeing school elections concern them and their future? from political or municipal issues, the better man- It is said that the functions of the board of edu- ner of elections is by appointment." cation are twofold, — executive and legislative; and These objections are of questionable validity. that the executive function is one that must always “ The most interested electors” would seem to be be delegated. This is granted. But shall those precisely the ones most likely to be present at most interested be denied the right to say how and school elections. Whether or not these electors by whom these functions shall be exercised ? Is it a are also “intelligent” may be a matter open for sufficient answer to say that one man, - the mayor, investigation. Undoubtedly, the majority of these , perhaps, who is usually an adept in political meth- “interested electors can lay no claim to a college ods, but too often a mere tyro in practical educa- education, but they have a tolerably fair under- tional methods, — knows better than the whole standing of the theory and practical workings of people who will best serve them on a board of edu- a democratic form of government, and are “in- cation? And is he likely to exercise his knowledge telligent” enough to be good citizens. Whether or and enforce his political methods more honestly and not it is possible, or even desirable, to "free school unselfishly than the entire community would do? elections from political or municipal issues” de- In a case within the writer's knowledge, where pends very largely on the circumstances and condi- appointments were to be made on a board of edu- tions surrounding each particular case. Unques- cation, the following were some of the arguments | tionably, any manner of election” is preferable 84 (August 16, THE DIAL а 1 (6 to appointments made as has been indicated in The public school system of this country is ad- another part of this article. mittedly among the greatest of its institutions. It In St. Louis, where there is an elective board of has become such because it has been administered education, it is said that “if the school board is directly by the people. The time is not likely to appointed, the source of power is a political factor come when the control of our public schools shall which will make itself felt in the election and nomi- be withdrawn from the many and placed in the nation of superintendents and school officers.” Here bands of a few. It is freely admitted that the ad- is testimony which directly controverts the argu- ministration of our public schools in large cities, like ment of the Committee of Fifteen, by insisting that the government of our larger municipalities gener- the politics of the situation finds its most pronounced ally, has not been wholly successful. Nevertheless, exemplification in the appointive rather than in the the relief must come, in both instances, primarily elective plan. from the people themselves. And any attempt to Dr. William T. Harris, United States Commis- withdraw self-government from the masses will, we sioner of Education, favors boards elected by the confidently believe, not lessen but augment the people, for the reason that such boards are more dangers which threaten us. A larger patriotism, a independent than those appointed by the mayor or more unselfish devotion to the cause of public eda- by the courts. He is satisfied, in other words, that cation, will do much to solve the problem. But a representation of the people is essential for cities as minimizing of civic duty and responsibility, never. well as for states. In his bird's-eye view of the St. DUANE MOWRY. Louis public school system, Dr. Harris combats the position taken by the Committee of Fifteen in these words: “A board elected by the people direct, for the special purpose of managing the schools, and COMMUNICATIONS. vested with limited powers of taxation, is sure to look after school interests, at least to the extent of THE CASE “NOT PROVEN." the popular demand in that direction, and is not (To the Editor of TAE DIAL.) liable to be diverted from the care of the schools so The stand taken against the word “proven” by some much as to sacrifice them to other municipal inter- of your correspondents is somewhat amusing. One of ests." Certainly this is strong testimony from one them says, “ The rhetorics are all against it.” He might have added that most of the dictionaries and text-books of the leaders of educational thought in this country, on English grammar are against it; but that does not one who has been intimately and prominently con- warrant him in maintaining that the use of the word is nected with the public school system for many “a silly affectation of an unreal archaism.” Good usage years. is not determined by makers of dictionaries and text- The argument of the Committee of Fifteen seems books; it must be determined by our best writers,—they to be directed against the elective system chiefly are our higher courts of appeal. Professor Carruth is because of fear of the contaminating influence of right: “ The dictionary was made for man, and not man the lowest and most reprehensible forms of prac- “ for the dictionary.” The same is true with regard to tical politics.” But personal considerations and text-books on grammar and rhetoric: we should make them servants for us, and not ourselves servants for favoritism in the official selection of school boards them. are far more portentous. If the elective system has Good usage in English is simply a matter of fashion. proper safeguards in its working details, there is We follow, of course, certain general laws; but these ; little danger of harm to the cause of public educa- laws are flexible, and can be changed at any time that tion. These boards should be large enough to ap- force, clearness, ease, or any other condition of our lan- portion the work to the different committees, and guage, may require. To illustrate : the verbs reach and not make the individual burdens great; each mem- teach may, like other weak verbs, form the past tense ber should be a city officer, with no local or ward by adding either -ed or .t. Why do we say reached, and functions to perform ; nominations should be made not teached ? or why taught, and not raught? Children, independently of and without recognition from po- and foreigners who do not speak our language fluently, frequently use the form teached; Chaucer used raught, litical parties, by nomination papers ; both sexes and Shakespeare sometimes used the same form. Raught should be allowed to vote and to hold school office; is now out of fashion ; and teached is not yet fashion- one-third or one-half of the board should be voted able, and may never be. Since these verbs in the present for at a time, in order that the entire personnel of tense are similar in form and pronunciation, there seems the board may not be changed suddenly. The school to be no logical reason why they should have different superintendent should be the servant of the board, past tense forms. Your correspondents, who are dis- and elected by it for a term of years. He should tressed about the growing tendency of our modern have much to say about purely professional and writers to use proven, may regard this irregularity in scientific work, — the selection of text-books; the the tense forms of these two verbs as a “perversion." But it is not a perversion; it is perfectly natural — as examination, appointment, and promotion of teach- natural as any other fashion. RULE: In English we use ers; the construction of school buildings. But these certain forms and expressions because we use them ; we do functions of the superintendent should not be abso- not use certain other forms and expressions because we do lute. “ The court of last resort” should be the not use them. board of education upon all questions. Strong verbs in English, in accordance with a general 1902.) 85 THE DIAL Present Past Shear Thrive “Then, after summoning Lancelot privily, I have given him the first quest: he is not proven."--Ibid, 1. 568. “ O star, my morning dream bath proven true, Smile sweetly, thou! my love hath smiled on me.”—Ibid, 1. 979. “ However you have proven it.”— - Queen Mary, Act. III., Sc. VI., 1. 11. “ The truth of God, which I had proven and known.” --Ibid, Act. IV., Sc. III., 1. 95. " Who is he That he should rule us? Who hath proven him King Uther's son ?”—The Coming of Arthur, l. 68. " And that was Arthur; and they fostered him Till he by miracle was ap-proven King."-Guinevere, I. 296. "_ “And railed at all the Popes, that ever since Sylvester shed the venom of world wealth Into the church, had only proven themselves Prisoners, murderers."- Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham, l. 161. The strong perfect participle ending -en, for weak verbs, may not be found very often Browning's verse. The style probably does not require it. But the form seems to be adapted to Tennyson's verse; and I see no reason why he should be condemned for using it. Moreover, I see no reason why any other writer should be condemned for using it, whenever it is found that it is better adapted to his peculiar style than the regular weak ending. J. S. SNODDY. State Normal School, Valley City, North Dakota, August 12, 1902. Present hid Hide Chide law, form the past tense by a change in the vowel sound; but the syllable -ed, -d, or -t, which is always added in the past tense of the weak verbs, is not added, and many of the verbs of this class take -en as the perfect participle ending. But this law, too, is flexible; some of the verbs of this class take the weak forms in the past tense and perfect participle. Note the following: Perfect participle. Cleave (to split) clave or clove (cleft) cloven (cleft) shore (sheared) shorn (sheared) Stave stove (staved) stove (staved) throve (thrived) thriven (thrived) Shine shone (shined) shone (shined) Shrive shrove (shrived) shriven (shrived) etc., etc. If our strong verbs become weak, we may expect our weak verbs to take forms analogous to those of the strong class. This, too, is perfectly natural. Here are a few of these “ perversions " which may be distressing to some of your correspondents : Past Perfect partioiple. Cleave (to adhere) cleft (clove or clave) cleft (cloven) hid (hidden) chid (chode) chid (chidden) Saw sawed sawed (sawn) Strive (strove) strived (striven) Show showed showed (shown) Pave paved paved (paven) Buy bought bought (boughten) The strong perfect participle form of all these weak verbs (with the probable exception of buy) can be found in standard literature. The strong perfect participle of the verb prove is also found, and should of course be included in this list. The form paven is rare. Milton uses it : “Rise, rise, and heave thy rosy head From thy coral-paven bed."-Comus, l. 886. Foughten, a rare perfect participle form of the strong verb fight, is used by Tennyson whenever the metre or rhythm of bis verse requires it : “Then quickly from the foughten field he sent Ulfias."- The Coming of Arthur, l. 109. " And ever since the lords Have foughten like wild beasts among themselves.”—Ibid, 1. 200. Boughten has at present only a colloquial use; but if it should become fashionable,– that is, if our reputable writers should, by use of the word, find that they can add to their verse more emotional effect, or even more rhythmical effect, or can add to their prose more emo- tional effect, or even a mere mechanical means for attaining more force or ease,- it should then have equal recognition with foughten. If this form should gain recognition in literature it would probably be re- garded by purists as a very “distressing perversion," because we would then have a verb with a double ending for its perfect participle, -t for the weak and -en for the strong ending. But this would be no worse than many other double forms in our language. Note, for example, the double plural in cherubims, a form found in the Bible; or the double feminine ending in songstress, a word now in good úse. Your correspondent quoted several sentences in which the form proven is used. The very fact that he found these examples in the "current issue of one of our better magazines,” in an "editorial of what may, perhaps, be called our leading weekly," and in The Dial, ought to convince him that the word is not a “distressing per- version.” If he will investigate further he will probably find that it occurs frequently in much of our best modern literature, both prose and verse. I find the following in Tennyson: But justice, so thy say be proven true.”- Gareth and Lynette, 1. 339. - POE AND THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA. ( To the Editor of The DIAL.) The publication, by Prof. Charles W. Kent, of the exercises connected with the unveiling of the bust of Edgar Allan Poe in the library of the University of Virginia throws much light upon the conduct of the poet while a student of that institution, and his reasons for leaving it. The records of the University were scrutinized for entries bearing upon the charges against Poe for which he is so strongly indicted in Griswold's memoir. The student days of the accused covered a period of ten months in the course of the second year (1826) of the University's existence. Professor Kent reminds us of the turbulent and unrestrained character of university life in Poe's day, by saying that the atten- tion of the faculty was directed principally to disciplining students guilty of the use of ardent and vin- ous liquors, or of gambling. There were open outbreaks as well as personal rebellion against rules. The University seemed in imminent peril from within, because of the unre- strained wildness, rampant disrespect, and obstreperous con- duct of a body of immature young men, who mistook this new liberty for license." Further on, he says: "At one of the numerous trials conducted by the Faculty a certain witness deposed that there were not fifty students at the University who did not play cards. With as much readiness and no less accuracy he might have affirmed that not fifty of the fathers of these students were free from the same vice. The sentiments against it in the Faculty could not have been unyielding, for in 1825 three out of seven of the members wished gambling removed from the infractions pun- ished seriously and transferred to the list of minor offences punishable by insignificant fines." After referring to the countless records of trials of students guilty of drunkenness and dissipated conduct, the writer adds: * But in all these records we nowhere find any mention of the name of Edgar Poe; and when a long list of students sum- moned to appear before the Albemarle grand jury was made out, Poe was not included, though many of his boon com- panions were. Poe was not, then, among the offenders known to university or civil law, but from the private testimony of his college mates it is evident that he did sometimes play " No boon is here 86 (August 16, THE DIAL " ) seven-up and loo, his favorite games. . . . His partner, after- when duly marked with the bar sinister, sockdologer is wards a devont clergyman, and his adversaries, including to be found in the “Standard " and in the “ Interna- frequently two friends who became respectively a well-known tional." divine and a pious judge, were far better known to the Uni- Entering Illinois College in 1840, I found the word versity sporting circle than was Poe." further transformed. The first syllable only was used The testimony of Mr. Wertenbaker, the Librarian, in our game of “bull-pen,” called also “sock-ball." seems conclusive as to Poe's practice of gambling. In Four players, among whom a ball was passed from referring to a visit to Poe's room, he is quoted as having band to hand, stood at the corners of a square of about said: fifty feet; inside the square four other players danced “On this occasion he spoke with regret of the large amount about, who must dodge the swift balls sent at them by of money he had wasted and of the debts he had contracted the players on the corners when these thought that during the session. If my memory is not at fault, he esti- mated his indebtedness at $2,000, and, though they were they could score a bit. The phrases “sock him ” and "sock it to him were used. In this form the word gaming debts, he was earnest and emphatic in the declaration that be was bound by honor to pay at the earliest opportunity reached England, — for the English keep up with every cent of them.' American slang. It appears in “ Hotten's Slang Dic- Alluding to this interview with the Librarian, Mr. tionary” of 1860. Stormonth (1885) defines “Sock, Kent declares: in slang, to knock a man's hat over his eyes and nose “Poe's confession to him contains the real reason why he by a smart blow"; and for this he gives a derivation never returned to the University. Edgar Allan Poe was not from the Gaelic. Bartlett (edition of 1859) finds this expelled, nor dismissed, nor suspended, por required to with- use of the word local in America, and in Rhode Island draw, nor forbidden to return, nor disciplined in any wise only. whatsoever, at the University of Virginia ; but Mr. Allan was But now our western Americanism meets a real En- shocked and incensed at the extent of his dishonorable .debts glish word of like meaning. Halliwell finds in western of honor,'— which he at first refused to consider, but finally England the word sog, a blow; and “Wright's Pro- settled,- and determined to put his extravagant foster-son vincial Dictionary” gives sock as a Berkshire word in his counting-room.” meaning to strike a hard blow. Here is the singular The purpose of the editor of this memorial of Poe is concurrence in signification of a curtailed western wag- not to gloss over the irregularities of his student life, gery, sockdologer shortened to sock, with an English but rather to show the real facts. It is, and must be provincialism. regarded as an official vindication of Edgar Allan Poe If newspaperdom can confer respectability, sock may from the suspicion of having been summarily dealt with hold up its head; for a headline in a great Chicago by the faculty of the institution which now treasures his daily introduced an extract from Governor Williams's name as one of the most illustrious that ever adorned message to the legislature of Indiana thus: “How he its rolls. E. A. FORBES. socked it to the Indiana Legislature." In an article Louisville, Ky., August 7, 1902. in “ The Atlantic " for June of this year, in discussing a style of newspaper editorials which the critic calls "editorialene," he names what he deems a favorite THE TRANSMUTATIONS OF A WORD. occupation of certain writers of that stuff, saying “ It (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) socks it to the satraps' at a safe distance." Over seventy years ago, upon migrating from Mass- The history of the word does not end here. From achusetts to Illinois, I first encountered the strange the tendency of people, especially of the illiterate, to and barbarous word Sockdologer. I soon learned that substitute a familiar word for a similar unfamiliar one, it meant the finishing blow in a fist-fight; a severe sock was changed to soak. I do not remember this stroke. Bartlett picked it up for his “ Dictionary of until after 1870; it must by that time have gained Americanisms," and told its origin. It is a ludicrous sufficient currency to attract my attention to it as no transposition of the vocal elements of the word Dox- longer an idiotism, but an addition to our stock of slang. ology. Some wag noticed that the singing of the Dox- And now it becomes allied with other meanings of soak. ology dissolved the worshipping concourse, the purpose A thing is soaked to prepare it for further use, or so. of the assembling being fulfilled; if the purpose was a that it may be not stiff but pliant and fit for use; so we fight, the finishing blow dissolved the ring of specta- hear that “ A. has it in soak for B.” Perhaps here is an tors and abetters. He avoided the possible irreverence indistinct consciousness of the English proverbial say. of a direct comparison of the different meetings by a ing, “ to have a rod in pickle.” But people of the class. comical metathesis of the sounds of d and s, as the that uses this slang are far more likely to have in mind Yankee farmer invoked the use of a stout needle upon the other use of soak, and to mean that the grudge is the object of his wrath instead of pronouncing an eter- like a thing in the pawnshop. nal doom. Sockdologer answered the purpose as well All the former uses of sock now are found with as the more solemn word. the later slang. We hear " He soaks him with a hard Bartlett's “ Americanisms" and so-called “ Sketches ball,” or “ Let 'em soak it to him.” Probably some of Western Life” spread knowledge of the word, new forms will spring from this development, as side- whose very barbarism made it as noticeable as an In- shoots sprout on a willow. I shall not be surprised if dian. A contributor to the “ Atlantic Monthly” of in a few years I shall discover that “ an old soaker" is March, 1893 (p. 425), picked up “socdollager” and not a sot ruined by alcohol, but a hard hitter with fists; defined it. Some students of slang imagined a con- the epithet “old” referring not to age, but to eminence nection with the verb to slug, and turned it into “glog- in degree, as “a high old time" may be only a debauch dollager.” English “Punch ” quite outdid American | begun twelve hours before. slangers in 1862, when it invented “slogdollagize"! Such is the story of the changes of one word in the Someone, with what notion I cannot see, made “stock- life-time of one man. SAMUEL WILLARD. dollager.” As our American dictionaries admit slang Chicago, August 8, 1902. 9) a 1902.] 87 THE DIAL The New Books. tropolis of the Moors,” and “ Through the Heart of the Moorish Empire," respectively. Here, as throughout the work, may be found CHRONICLES OF A FAMOUS TRAVELLER.* displayed a keen sense of humor, never coarse, So far as material goes, nothing was easier never indiscriminate, but interpreting the dif- than for Mr. E. Burton Holmes to transmute ferences of the foreigner in a manner hardly himself from the lecture platform into author- possible otherwise. possible otherwise. The following anecdote is ship. His pictures had been provided for the illustrative : illustration of his lectures, and his lectures “ Here we may recall the story of the English clergy- had been reduced to writing from the first. man, who, touched at the sight of all this misery and ignorance, resolved to tell the gospel-story to the peo- The combination of the two into seemly volple of Tangier to make a public exhortation in the umes became chiefly a matter of mechanics. market place. With the greatest difficulty he secured a But it is not so easy to take up the respon- capable interpreter, for most of the hotel guides feared sibilities of authorship and carry them to a to assist him in his rash and dangerous crusade. When successful issue. It has become a generally he was not only surprised, but thoroughly delighted at the pious preacher began his sermon in the market place, accepted belief among critics that stories which the reverence with which his glowing words, translated sound well in the telling often sound ill in the by his guide, were received by the attentive throng of reading; and the reverse is quite as true. Sub- Moslems. When he had finished, he was even urged to tract the personality of the speaker from many speak again. Undoubtedly the good man carried away a soul filled with joy because of the good seed he had a man famous in the pulpit or on the rostrum, planted here. One English newspaper chronicled the and his ringing periods appear in cold print as marked interest shown by the heathen in the words of vacuous, jejune, and incoherent. Mr. Holmes's Christian truth; but it is to be hoped that the good man will never learn that while he stood in the centre very success before large audiences in every of this meeting-place and spoke, his diplomatic inter- part of the United States made this danger a preter and guide not only held the respectful ears of real one in his case. the crowd, but possibly saved the missionary's life by But it is a danger that may be dismissed. cleverly turning the orthodox sermon into one of the As the extracts presently to be given from his favorite romances from the • Arabian Nights."" printed books will attest, he has a clear and When in Fez it was Mr. Holmes's privilege forceful if somewhat ornate style; his writing to attend a dinner given by the Moorish Secre- everywhere is informed by a keen sense of the a keen sense of the tary of the Treasury, tary of the Treasury, “one of the highest and beauties of art and nature, and of the poetry in by a curious coincidence one of the richest the universe; and his keen powers of obser- dignitaries in Morocco," as he observes. This vation and comparison supplement a sound is what happened, after the party was seated at intellectual training in enabling him to bring the table — a concession to prejudices against before his readers, as before his auditors, the squatting on the floor: beauties and fascinations of the scenes he has “ There appeared a huge round platter, three feet in chosen for celebration from travels in many diameter, on which had been erected a pyramid of and far countries. In effecting this result, the chickens. To each of us an entire bird was given. Then our host, with deft fingers, tore his portion very photographs taken by himself or under his neatly into shreds, picked out the choicest morsels of immediate supervision in almost every instance the chicken and passed them to us. Then followed play an intimate and important part, connect- pyramids of pigeons, then huge chunks of mutton, then ing themselves with the subject matter in a sausages on spits; and that these sausages were not less than two inches thick and one foot long I am positively way seldom attained in any book. certain, because we each were compelled to take a whole Each of the ten volumes which are to form one, and I remember my vain efforts to get it all upon Mr. Holmes's completed work contains about my plate, three inches of protruding sausage threatening four hundred pages and as many reproduced the table-cloth on each side. And every course was photographs. In each are three lectures, on carved by our host, who used nothing sharper than his fingernails, and every time he came upon a morsel of countries geographically related, a fine colored especial daintiness, he courteously offered it to one of plate serving as the frontispiece for every lec- We were almost stuffed to death, for the consul ture. The first volume deals with the northern warned us that to refuse the proffered tidbits would be coast of Africa, its component parts entitling a great affront. There were no sauces, no vegetables, themselves “Into Morocco," Fez, the Me- nothing but meats roasted underground by slow fires that bad burned all night. We had nothing with which THE BURTON HOLMES LECTURES. By E. Burton to wash down this all too solid' food except sickly Holmes. With illustrations from photographs by the au- lukewarm rosewater. And not content with stuffing us thor. In ten rolumes. Volumes 1.-VI. Battle Creek, and forcing us to drink that perfumed liquid, our host Mich.: The Little-Preston Co. would every now and then give a signal, whereupon the a us. 88 (August 16, THE DIAL our ears. poor Arabs 66 - servants would spray rosewater down our backs and in look despairingly at the distant palm-trees; the other Never was anything more welcome than the passengers sit motionless, their faces expressive only of tiny cups of Turkish coffee that at last were brought to calm interest. We begin to doubt the excitability of end our torture." the French. The car is brought to a standstill. With The second volume is concerned with Paris a painfully deliberate slowness a man in hunting costume takes a gun from beneath the seat. This reassures us; entirely, one of the lectures with the city but why does he not make haste to shoot ? Why does in general, and two with the Exposition of he wait for that fool of a photographer who is setting 1900. The third volume deals first with the up his tripod in the face of such a danger? In wonder Olympian games in April, 1896. More re- we await the denouement. The man draws near with superhuman coolness; the huge beast, daunted, bows mindful and interesting souvenirs of these events his head. The hunter stands over him in an attitude could hardly be devised. The third volume, of victory. The photographic artist-a veritable hero- in addition to the Olympian games (the third then secures proofs of the courage of the lion-tamer. modern Olympiad is to be celebrated in Chi- And then at last the truth breaks in upon us as two cago in 1904) contains an account of numerous appear, calmly tie a rope around the lion's ramblings through Greece and Thessaly, taking poor old beast is blind and tame and harmless. His neck, and serenely lead away the desert king. The the reader to most of the spots famous in clas- keepers make a living by renting him to amateur pho- sical times. The fourth volume returns at tographers or to ambitious sportsmen desirous of send- first to the northern coast of Africa, treating ing home convincing ‘proofs' of their prowess." of Algiers and other cities of the Barbary The last of the three lectures in this fourth States. Mr. Holmes falls into an error in his volume has to do with southern Spain, and the dates when he speaks of the suppression of inevitable bull-fight. Here there is a wholly piracy as not taking place until the then unexpected conclusion; for when Mr. Holmes l young American republic, emerging victorious came from the arena and saw the horses from the War of 1812, had expended a little seventeen in number — that were lying dead of her surplus energy in chastising the high sea as the result of a Spanish holiday, “What do robbers.” Wandering afield among the Ka- they do with all these bodies ?” he asked of a byles, we can sympathize with Mr. Holmes in boy standing by, and was promptly told, in the following: Spanish, “Oh, they make sausages and ship Imagine my surprise upon being accosted in one of them to America." And there was a pretty these villages by a smiling Kabyle, who exclaimed with neat adaptation of an old phrase by a gypsy a distinctly American accent, 'Ah there, mister! I saw boy who replied to Mr. Holmes's statement that you on the Midway.' The speaker has spent six months in Chicago selling Kabyle jewelry at the World's Fair." he was going to Paris —“O Paris! el ultimo suspiro del Americano" (the last sigh of the The succeeding lecture, on the “Oases of American). the Algerian Desert,” deals with the Roman The fifth volume takes up the two archipel- ruins of Timgad, the ancient Thamugas, and agoes in the Pacific which have fallen under the with the unexpectedly pleasant city of Biskra, American flag. Mr. Holmes is not in the least proving to the American man of the cities that concerned with the political or economical as- the comforts of home were sometimes nearer pects of Hawaii or the Philippines, - indeed, than he thought, as in this instance: he could not very well be, — but there are “When weary of dreaming in the garden, we may take a spin in the horse-car of Biskra, for this unique many questions quite unanswered in his lec. oasis is not without its progressive institutions. But tures. These chapters are divided from one the rails are very badly laid, and every few hundred another by an intermediate discourse on “ The yards there comes a lurch, followed by the suggestion Edge of China,” Hong Kong being inhabited of an earthquake, whereupon the French conductor po- in part by Admiral Dewey and Lieutenant litely requests the passengers to assist in replacing the Hobson at the time of his arrival there. Some car upon the rails. Thus a street-car ride, which with us is a passive enjoyment, becomes to the Biskran an of the problems awaiting us are outlined in the excellent form of training for both nerve and muscle." remarks on the Sandwich Islands. On this ride appears an amusing illustration “ It is said that the Hawaiian people numbered of the same instincts that lead the man of civili- 400,000 when the islands were discovered, and to-day there are scarcely 30,000 of them left. Fifteen years zation in America to buy fish to take home from ago there were not a hundred Japanese in the islands. an expedition near some stream, making the To-day Japan is represented by 25,000 of her hard- needful variations for a change of skies. working peasants and her shrewd business men. China Having passed the limits of the oasis, we behold has sent more than 20,000 pig-tailed natives hither. close to the track upon a hillock a sight which makes Fifteen thousand Portuguese are now competing with our blood run cold them." a gigantic lion, crouching as if about to spring. My friend feels for his revolver; I Mr. Holmes did not see anything of the 66 > 1902.) 89 THE DIAL - Philippine Islands outside of Manila, when he American government toward the Papacy is was there in 1899. In fact, he saw part of a one of abject pleading to be released from the combined land and naval attack by the forces effect of the treaty it deliberately entered into of the United States in Bacoor Bay, while with its eyes wilfully shut. Some of the “new lying in quarantine in the harbor of Manila. diplomacy" seems more lurid than effulgent. The Filipino patriots were still in possession In the last volume published, the sixth, Mr. of the entire archipelago, with the exception Holmes gets back to safe ground once more, of the capital city, and they would doubtless that of his own country. He calls the volume, have had that, if Dewey had not prevented aptly enough, the “ American Wonderland," them from driving Spain out of its last foot- and therein informs us of the Yellowstone hold in the group. Naturally, when he went Park, the Grand Cañon of the Colorado, and ashore he associated with the Americans of the the Snake Dance of the Moki Indians. The na. city, and these were almost all army officers. tional reservation, fifty-five by sixty-five miles Some Americans are becoming dimly aware of in extent, which takes in the geysers, lakes, the fact that the army and navy of any country forests, and rivers of the Yellowstone region, is are as favorable to war, professionally, as the a severe test of anyone's powers of description, lawyer is to clients, the physician to patients, but its difficulties are not to be compared with or the priest to penitents. They were not those attendant on giving the outer world questioning the liberation of the Filipino na- some adequate notion of what the Grand Cañon tion by the simple process of shooting all of of Arizona really is to the bystander. At the its members who believed that the consent beginning of this arduous undertaking, none “ of the governed " was in some way essential the easier for being self-imposed, Mr. Holmes to government by Americans. Nor does Mr. confesses his own failure, as well as the failure Holmes question it; nor can he be blamed of his photographic apparatus, to delineate the greatly, depending upon public favor as he singular majesty of this greatest of natural ex- does, if he goes a little out of his way to attest hibitions. He makes his meaning clear enough, his sympathy with our Army of Liberation. however, when he writes : There is a certain smugness in the following, “I believe that when we behold that scene for the however, which is not wholly pleasant : first time, a series of new brain-cells are [sic] generated, " It is not my province to discuss the influence for and until they have become sufficiently developed, the good or evil of these Spanish friars in the Philippines. cañon withholds its message. In the average mind there Their rule is ended, and the church, at last awake to is no place for an impression so unlike any before re- their shortcomings in the past, will, without doubt, ceived. At first sight the mentality is dazzled. He under the guidance of American Catholics, transform who looks but once sees not the cañon. He who would the institutions which the friars have founded and fos- know its glory must first prepare the tablets of his tered in the Philippines into agencies for future good.” mind, erase all preconceived images, and then with There is no hint here, as there is none in the reverence approach the brink, and sitting there day after day teach his blind eyes and blinder sense to read usual American newspaper of to-day, that the through the medium of feeling the exalted message government of the United States has adopted which this supremest of earthly scenes imprints upon in the most solemn manner, by the Treaty the soul.” of Paris, the friars as her own, and stands Mr. Holmes wisely avails himself of the lan- pledged before the world to place them not guage of Captain Clarence Edward Datton, only in full possession of all their temporal soldier and geologist, when he says: rights and properties, but to secure them in «« « It is useless to select special points of contempla- the full performance of all their spiritual tion. The instant the attention lays hold of them it is functions, one of the several untoward re- drawn to something else, and if it seeks to recur to them it cannot find them. Everything is superlative, trans- sults of the refusal to permit any native Fil- cending the power of intelligence to comprehend it. ipino to have a voice in the provisions of this There is no central point around which the other ele- Treaty of Paris, when we paid $20,000,000 ments are grouped and to which they are tributary. for 9,000,000 of him. If what Mr. Holmes The grandest objects are merged in a congregation of says is true, - and there is not the slightest others equally grand. If any one of these stupendous creations had been placed upon the plains of central proof of it, up to this moment, - America has - Europe, it would have influenced modern art as pro- been as shamefully remiss in carrying out its foundly as Fujiyama has influenced the decorative art treaty obligations as she has been in securing of Japan. Yet here are hundreds of them swallowed human rights to the native population. The up in the confusion of multitude.' position of the Church, meanwhile, is impreg- Yet it is not too much to say, these apolo- nable ; and the only possible attitude of the Igies having been duly made, that this lecture ; 90 (August 16, THE DIAL 9 does succeed, with its word-painting and pho- But just as the soundest scholarship has al- tographic views, in really awakening in the ready rejected many of the worst features of student a conception of what it is that the the old portrait as unhistorical, so it will surely cañon is to mean to him when gazed on with reject the little less than saintly figure which living eyes and without artificial aids to appre- comes to it under the name of Tiberius from hension. No single sentence, nor paragraph, the pencil of Mr. Tarver. If one may reason nor page, nor illustration, can be taken as back from results to probable methods, it might typical of the means adopted to secure this seem that Mr. Tarver began by building up an admirable and praiseworthy result, but the ideal Tiberius upon the foundations laid in the article as a whole does go far toward its suc- eulogy by Velleius Paterculus. Afterward, one cessful accomplishment. might imagine, he discovered with indignation The last lecture comes, after this, as some- that one Tacitus, regarded by many as an his- thing of an anti-climax, though it is well told, torian of some power, had taken a view of the and does not in any particular exceed Mr. subject in many respects radically different. Holmes's really remarkable and evidently Tacitus is therefore relegated to the position of growing powers of description. It may be a malignant pamphleteer, utterly incompetent hoped, for all that, that at some future day to write history, powerful only to obscure the another visit will be paid the Grand Cañon, truth by the diabolical ingenuity of his master- and another attempt made to master its won- fully deceptive rhetoric. The wickedness of his ders and glories with riper powers and more assault on the good, the merciful, the wise Ti. accustomed hand. And the wish may also be berius, is enhanced by the fact that it was not expressed that an index of the entire work will really Tiberius whom he was after, Domitian be inserted at the close of the final volume, being the inferential goal of his bitterness. making it as serviceable for future reference as When Mr. Tarver finds something in Tacitus it is for present enjoyment while one is turning peculiarly damaging to Tiberius if true, his its attractive pages. WALLACE RICE. mind seems automatically to go through some such logical process as this : “ Tacitus may have found this in the Memoirs of the younger Agrippina; therefore he must have found it “ THE IDEAL ROMAN SENATOR."* there, and therefore he did find it there. Now It is a far cry from the formerly accepted Agrippina would naturally have lied about Ti.. view of the Emperor Tiberius to that of Mr.berius in any case; therefore she probably lied J. C. Tarver, who can even find in him “the about him in all cases, and we may conclude ideal Roman Senator.” His reign has been very with certainty that she did lie about him in generally held in the past as a notable example this particular case.” The result of such an ” of the evils possible to a degenerate despotism. attitude of mind toward the chief Roman au- According to Mr. Tarver, the world has seen thority for the reign of Tiberius is a book few rulers comparable to this same Tiberius in which cannot be seriously regarded as an im- all the qualities which secure justice and peace portant contribution to Roman history. and prosperity to the governed and deserve to If Mr. Tarver had taken pains to give Taci- be rewarded with affection and respect for the tus a careful and unbiassed reading before governor. It is known to most people, though taking up his own pen, he would have written Mr. Tarver reveals little if any knowledge in a different book. The unjust severity of the that direction, that the extremely unfavorable condemnation visited upon Tiberius by gener- view has long since challenged seriously inju- ations past was based not so much upon what rious criticism. Dr. Sievers and Adolf Stahr, Tacitus really says as upon the carelessness in Germany, plead strongly for a more favor- with which Tacitus was read and interpreted. able view about half a century ago. Others, The rehabilitation of the Emperor's character, in Germany, England, and America, have so far as a truthful rehabilitation is possible, wrought effectively in the same line, including depends almost entirely upon the Annals of Furneaux, the Clarendon Press editor of Taci- Tacitus; and the work will be done most ef- tus, and the late Professor William F. Allen, fectively by one who goes to the text un blinded whose edition of the first six books of the An- / by the presupposition of devilish malignity in nals is more generally used than any other. an author who, with all his strong feeling as * TIBERIUS THE TYRANT. By J.C. Tarver. Westminster: to the right or wrong of the transactions re- Archibald Constable & Co. New York : E. P. Dutton & Co. corded, tried always to be fair. 1902.] 91 THE DIAL - Students of far better temper and higher of insanity present in the Claudian family. A qualifications than are displayed by Mr. Tar- cold, suspicious nature, thrown off its mental ver have found in the life and character of balance, could easily reach any depth of cru- Tiberius a problem incapable of any entirely elty, and all the more so when in possession satisfactory solution. It is plain enough that of irresponsible power. And with the same Tacitus himself, with a much larger fund of lack of a well-balanced mental restraint, a evidence than is accessible to modern investi- serious perversion of the sexual instincts, even gators, found it a point of great difficulty. To in old age, is not so far out of the range of hold with Mr. Tarver that the supposed reign human probability as in itself to discredit evi- of terror which characterized his later years is dence otherwise apparently reliable. a pure myth, based upon the slanders of dis- Mr. Tarver writes with a strong bias in appointed members of the imperial household favor of a genuinely monarchical government. and Roman nobles embittered because he had In his view, Tiberius made about his only wrested from them the privilege of plundering serious mistake in attempting to emancipate the Provinces, is to hold against inherent prob- the Senate from his own control (an attempt, ability as well as positive evidence. The cloud by the way, which Tiberius never really made overhanging those last years will not clear at all). A congress or parliament is to him away, and the real problem is to reconcile merely a “ debating society,” absurd as a gov- it with equally certain facts as to the long erning body and useful only as it becomes a years preceding. Tacitus admits - or, rather, puppet in the hands of some managing power. positively states that Tiberius led a life He is incapable of realizing that anything of without reproach, according to the standards real value was lost when Rome passed into the of the time, up to a point when radical changes hands of a single ruler. In all this he simply of character for the worse are extremely rare. carries certain present tendencies of thought to We say “according to the standards of the the extreme, and may do some good in the way time," that no one may unconsciously follow of stimulating a needed reaction against the Mr. Tarver in the assumption that what we are tendencies themselves. W. H. JOHNSON. told of Tiberius warrants us in crediting him with the highest modern standards of spotless purity, up to the approach of old age. Any tribute to masculine character in the period in “ THE RENDING OF VIRGINIA."* question would have to be very emphatic and A portion of Mr. Granville Hall's history very specific to warrant such interpretation. of “The Rending of Virginia ”is serviceable, After Tiberius reached the throne, Tacitus inasmuch as it preserves official papers neces- finds signs of deflection from his former stand- sary to a judicial treatment of its subject; but ards, a hateful cruelty becoming prominent the book itself is far from being written in a during the career of Sejanus, and cruelty and judicial manner. The strong anti-slavery and lust together dominating the years which re- anti state-rights sentiments of the author color mained after Sejanus had fallen. Tacitus can the whole treatment. The terms “ Rebellion account for this puzzling transformation in an and “Conspiracy” are met with passim, and the old man only on the theory that the virtue of State of Virginia is not even given credit for the former years was a mere veneering, as- logical sincerity in her advocacy of secession, sumed for the sake of policy, and that the catas- the whole matter being treated as but an illegal trophe at the close was but the breaking out of pro-slavery movement. It is too late in the day natural instincts always present though so long for such a one-sided treatment of secession, and and so successfully restrained. even impartial Northern critics are coming to We have already said that Tacitus himself admit as much. seems aware of the difficulty of such an ex- But the chief burden of this large volume planation. The careful student of to-day feels of over 600 pages is an effort to show that the it still more, but he feels no less the difficulty formation of the State of West Virginia was of the assumption than a man of so high a justifiable and constitutionally legal. This is a level of character and attainment as Tiberius a point of view that might be discussed at appears to have maintained could in his old length, but lack of space forbids. The act for age have fallen into the position of a cruel the admission of West Virginia into the Union reprobate. The best suggestion yet made is * THE RENDING OF VIRGINIA, A History. By Granville that which finds the explanation in the taint Davidson Hall. Illustrated. Glencoe, Ill.: Archie C. Hall. > 92 (August 16, THE DIAL 66 was passed by a vote of 23 to 17 in the Senate, Southern Historical Association” (January, and 96 to 55 in the House of Representatives. 1898), and in a revised and enlarged form in When it reached the President, he requested the “Southern Historical Society Papers the opinions of his cabinet officers, and the (Vol. XXVI., 1898). cabinet was equally divided,—Messrs. Seward, Mr. Hall gives (p. 535) a list of members Chase, and Stanton holding that the act was of the Virginia State Convention of 1861; but constitutional; Messrs. Welles, Blair, and the name of Hon. Muscoe R. H. Garnett, M.C., Bates, that it was unconstitutional in that the is omitted, and there are several misprints in State of Virginia had never given her consent the list, as there are, indeed, throughout the to the division. A brief quotation from the volume, one of the most vexatious being in the opinion of Attorney-General Bates must suf- Preface (p. 14), George Nelson for George fice. He says (p. 494): Mason, which will not mislead any Virginian, “The act of consent is less in the nature of a law though it may mislead other readers. The than of a contract. It is a grant of power; an agree- work may serve as mémoires pour sevoir, but ment to be divided. And who made the agreement ? it is far from being such a “History” as one The representatives of the forty-eight counties with themselves. Is that fair dealing? Is that honest leg might expect from a participator in the events islation ? Is that a legitimate use of a constitutional recorded. A more judicial temper is needed, power by the legislature of Virginia ? It seems to me for history does not let itself be written from a that it is a mere abuse, nothing less than an attempted partisan point of view. secession, hardly valid under the flimsy forms of law." The lack of an index interferes very much The cabinet being thus evenly divided, the with the use of the volume. President had to decide for himself, after all ; JAMES M. GARNETT. and his opinion is simply a case of special plead- ing, through which any constitutional lawyer could “drive a coach and four.” Mr. Thaddeus THE YALE BI-CENTENNIAL AND Stevens, in the House, “took the bull by the COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY.* horns." He said (p. 478) that he “ was not deluded by the idea that we are admitting this Four volumes of the Yale Bi-Centennial State in pursuance of the Constitution of the publications serve, or might well serve, as a United States.” “It was a mockery' to say memorial to William Dwight Whitney, the that the Legislature of Virginia had con- man who won recognition for American schol- sented.” He held, therefore, that the State arship as Franklin won recognition for Amer- of Virginia had never given its consent; but erican nationality. These are the volumes that this might admit West Virginia, not by virtue deal with certain phases of Indo-European of any provision of the Constitution of the philology and general linguistics associated United States, but under one absolute power with the name of Whitney. which the laws of war give us in the circum- The volume that would suggest the work of stances in which we are placed.” He should Dr. Whitney to the widest circle of readers is "vote for the bill on that theory, and that Professor Oertel's “ Lectures on the Study of alone.” This theory is at least intelligible, and Language.” So swift is the march of science less specious than seeking constitutional argu- that its right of publication cannot be ques- ments for an unconstitutional act. tioned thirty-five years after the appearance of We have no space to notice the seizure vi et “ Language and the Study of Language,” and armies of the counties of Berkley and Jeffer- twenty-seven years after the appearance of the son, for which there was not even the pretended “Life and Growth of Language." In those consent of the few counties assumed to form the thirty-five years highly important investiga- State of Virginia. The formation of the State tions and statements of principle have come of West Virginia was a Cæsarean operation, not from Ascoli, Johannes Schmidt, Verner, Brug- a natural birth, and can only be defended by * LECTURES ON THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE. By Hanns the excuse, as Mr. Stevens held, of the “ war Oertel. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. power” – that convenient excuse for many INDIA, OLD AND New. With a Memorial Address. By E. Washburn Hopkins, M.A., Ph.D. New York: Charles other questionable acts. A very different view Scribner's Sons. of “The Dismembership of Virginia " will be THE GREAT EPIC OF INDIA. Its Character and Origin. found in an article with this title, written by By E. Washburn Hopkins, M.A., Ph.D. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Mr. William Baird, of Essex county, Virginia, ON PRINCIPLES AND METHODS IN LATIN SYNTAX. By originally printed in the Publications of the E. P. Morris. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. > 1902.) 93 THE DIAL a 66 mann, Osthoff, Leskien, Sievers, Paul, Sweet, scholarly writing that is not an example “of Delbrück, Gustav Meyer, and Hirt. No book the style in which grave historical subjects are of a generation ago has weathered these years treated by certain debaters, whose object does as have the two books of Whitney; they can not seem to be to arrive at truth, but only to even now confidently be placed in the hands of convince others." The ensuing chapters, on students. But, essentially sound as they are, “Ancient and Modern Hindu Guilds," "Land- they are not of to-day. Professor Oertel's book Tenure in India, Tenure in India," "The Cause and Cure of is. In fact, it is everywhere peeping into the Famine,” and “ The Plague,” fix our attention to-morrow of the science. The latest investi- more and more upon the living and throbbing gations and the present state of controversies question of modern India. The volume, to sor Oertel is writing for the serious student of of Professor Salisbury, closes with an epilogue, his science, the future bearers of its doctrines. or rather peroration, upon new India, from Herein lies the strength and the comparative which we quote: weakness of his book. It will have no such For, thanks to England, there is a New India, no wide appeal as Professor Whitney's lyceum longer enslaved but free, no longer blinded but en- statements, and its very timeliness bears within lightened, not perfect but striving for perfection, weak it the stigmata of early eld. However, these but great, potentially strong, awaking to-day to the full are the accidents of the book. Its style is clear, consciousness of a glorious past and the possibility of a still more . glorious future. Old India endured and its method logical, its subject-matter full and dreamed of God. Her bastards revile and dream of weighty, its vision wide and distinct. It is an themselves. But New India thinks, her dream is of the admirable book of authoritative instruction, future. And what is this noble dream? She dreams not and as such will commend itself to an increas- of independence, but of political equality based on moral likeness. She seeks to prove that in fiscal and judicial ing body of students including many who are administration all native officials can, without European not, and do not care to be, specialists. Of the supervision, be as incorruptible as are British officials, five lectures, the first, “ Historical Introduc- claiming that to proved ability and integrity is due a tion," and the last, “ Semantic Changes,” hold “Semantic Changes,” hold recognition of the Indian's right to share in the gov- ernment of the Indian's country. So may her dream unchallenged possession of the field, so far as be accomplished, and may England, even at some seem- any discussions in the English language are ing cost, be ready to meet her halfway, proving in her concerned. But the book as a whole, even by the turn, and before it is too late, that she cares less for side of Paul's “ Prinzipien,” von Gabelentz's revenue than for righteousness.” “Sprachwissenschaft," the two recent books One misses in the book the eloquence of the by Sweet , and (to be catholic in our summary) late Max Müller, but the sobriety of tone the philosophical discussion by Wundt, has inspires confidence in the writer's solidity and quite independent value. authority, and the book is throughout readable. "India, Old and New," by Professor E. “ The Great Epic of India,” by the same Washburn Hopkins, consists of a series of author, is a rather voluminous special investi- essays and addresses of a more popular char- gation. It embraces a minute analysis of the acter. Its scope is wide, and shows again how | Mabābhārata, its contents and metres, and varied the answer may be to the question, thus arrives at a tenable view of the origin and “ What can India teach us?” Whether we constitution of the epic. The general student. deal with origins or with present-day problems, will be interested in the summaristic statement with literature, philosophy, religion, or poli that “ there is no date of the epic’ which will tics, India has some message for us, some prac- cover all its parts (though hand-book makers, tical hint, touched usually with a poetic charm, may safely assign it in general to the second which appeals to both reason and imagination. century B.C.).” The first three essays, — “The Rig Veda,” Professor E. P. Morris's book “On Prin- “ The Early Lyric Poetry of India," and ciples and Methods in Syntax” is also a “Sanskrit Epic Poetry,” — deal with the lit- special study, but one that may well detain us erary phases of old India in a manner that somewhat longer. For the book is written combines scholarly disquisition with popular with special reference to Latin ; and most of illustration and summarizing. “A Study of us who teach language, or deal with it seriously, Gods” illustrates how the far past is still living derive our syntactic organum, for better or in India to-day. “ Christ in India ” is a closely worse, from our study of Latin. Professor reasoned reply to the theory that Christianity Morris has gone resolutely to work to clear is borrowed from Buddhism, a fine piece of away the prepossessions that have robbed 6 > 6 94 [August 16, THE DIAL than in its criticism. The net result is a body of studies in syntax of the fullest results. A ness of the present graded system, he devotes the first reading leaves one with a tinge of pes- remaining portion of the book to the school of the simism. But closer reading, and a little after- future, its location, its plant, its teachers, its studies, thought, shows that the book is even keener and its relations to the community. Among his novel suggestions are the following: All the schools in . of a city, from the kindergarten to the high school, are to be concentrated in one large park. The of working principles that cannot but lead to course of study and organization of the schools are productive work. Of his main contention the to be completely reconstructed. Until the eighth author has given a brief summary in a para- year of a child's life, he shall attend only a play graph contributed to Professor Oertel's book. school or modernized kindergarten ; three years will “It may be laid down as a general rule that the sig- | suffice for an alphabetic school where the “ three r’s” nificance of every concrete case form, mode form, or are acquired. For the grammar grades, an inter- tense form depends to a considerable degree on their mediate school would be substituted which would setting and on the meaning of the word to which case, aim to develop the vital human interests of the mode, or tense endings have been added. So that it is children. The book should be read not only for really incorrect to speak of the meaning of the ablative ending (e.g., -o) or of the subjunctive ending (e. 9., -am), its views, which are stimulating, but for the résumé as if all the meaning rested upon them. We ought which it incidentally gives of many of the impor- to speak of the meaning of the ablative ending -o with tant educational experiments of the last decade, and such and such nouns, and of the subjunctive ending for the outline of elementary method from the -am of such and such verbs. Even the person, in the subjective or child-study standpoint. The volume latter case, would be an important semantic element." has, however, many of the defects of a radical The chapter on parataxis likewise merits spe- plea. It is loosely put together, exaggerations cial attention. The investigator must hence- abound, and it is lacking in judicial quality. Some forth reckon with Professor Morris's theses; of the references are inexact, and the evidence cited the student will find the book suggestive and to support the alarmist position as to over-pressure in the schools is insufficient, while some of the stimulating; but oh, if only some of those authorities are so old as to be practically worthless. pedagogues would read it, with whom section- In a book of its general purpose, these defects may numbers in Harkness, or Allen and Green- be considered of minor significance. In general, ough, have ceased to be references and have it deserves the popularity which it has already become obsessions! achieved. It is curious to note how the cry of method Mr. H. Thiselton Mark, of Owens College, reëchoes through these four volumes. But it Manchester, has collected his general impressions is a cry for correct and fruitful methods, or such of American schools in a volume entitled “ Indi. at least as command consideration. All in all, viduality and the Moral Aim in American Educa- the volumes fittingly hold a place in the secu. tion.” He examined many phases of education, in lar series in which they are included. They of school organization, methods of classification, order to characterize the American spirit; the plans appeal to the senate of scholarship and to the referendum of thought ; they reflect the spirit training of teachers, child study, the kindergarten, of both university and the college, of both truth cational press, — all these pass successively under and culture. In both senses they are worthy of his microscope. The resulting conclusions may be the great Whitney. GUIDO H. STEMPEL. recommended as an antidote to the recent utter- ances of Professor Münsterberg. “There is prob- ably nothing more beautiful in education anywhere than the school-life of the children in the best SOME RECENT BOOKS ON EDUCATION.* primary and grammar grades. Here the school In “An Ideal School; or, Looking Forward' work becomes the child's willing expression of Superintendent Search discussey many of the prob- himself, the school life is part and parcel of his lems of contemporary pedagogy from the point of view of extreme individualism. After a chapter of THE TRAINING OF TEACHERS, AND METHODS OF IN- STRUCTION. Selected Papers. By S.S. Laurie, Professor of original statistical data of value as showing the weak. the Institutes and History of Education, University of Edin- *AN IDEAL SCHOOL; or, Looking Forward. By Pres- burgh. New York: The Macmillan Co. ton W. Search. New York: D. Appleton & Co. PESTALOZZI AND THE FOUNDATION OF THE MODERN INDIVIDUALITY AND THE MORAL AIM IN AMERICAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL. By A. Pinloche, Professor in the EDUCATION. The Gilchrist Report presented to the Victoria Lycée Charlemagne and the Ecole Polytechnique, Paris. University March 1901. By H. Thiselton Mark. New York: New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Longmans, Green, & Co. HISTORY OF EDUCATION. By E. L. Kemp, Professor of THE ART OF TEACHING. A Manual for Teachers, Super- Pedagogy, State Normal School, East Strondsburg, Pennsyl- intendents, Teachers' Reading Circles, Normal Schools, vania. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co. Training Classes, and Other Persons Interested in the Right HISTORICAL SOURCES IN SCHOOLS : Report to the New Training of the Young. By Emerson E. White. Chicago : England History Teachers' Association, by a Select Com- The American Book Co. mittee. New York: The Macmillan Co. - 1902.) 95 THE DIAL pense with. own natural life, which it supplements, enlarges, America than is usual in similar treatises, and less and interprets ” (p. 246). attention is paid to the personality of the educa- The aim of “The Art of Teaching,” Dr. Emer. tional reformers. Professor Kemp writes force- son E. White's concluding contribution to his ped- ful, idiomatic English, devoid of technical express- agogical series, is to set before the elementary ions ; consequently the book is better suited to the teacher clear-cut standards and tests of efficiency needs of immature students than most of its rivals by which she may judge her own work. The first for popular favor. At times, the author's popular section of the volume treats of the fundamental style carries him beyond the pale, as in the case of aims of good teaching, as exemplified in drills, his description of Rosmini as "a brainy, learned, oral instruction, examinations, class or individual and pious Italian priest.” A useful list of books instruction, etc. The latter half offers suggestions is appended, which might have been strengthened in regard to the different subjects of the elemen- by more descriptive notes, and the initials, at tary curriculum. On the theoretical side Dr. White least, of the authors. is conservative, perhaps unduly so in his estimate A select committee of the New England History of the services of philosophy and genetic psychology Teachers' Association, consisting of C. D. Hazen, to education; but his treatment of every-day E. G. Bourne, Sarah M. Dean, Max Farrand, and schoolroom problems represents a wealth of mature A. B. Hart, bas enriched the literature of method judgment which few teachers can afford to dis- with one of the best pieces of descriptive bibliog- raphy yet published, in its report on "Historical Prof. S. S. Laurie has issued a new edition of Sources in Schools." The first part of the report his selected papers on “ The Training of Teachers consists of a brief and conservative discussion of and Methods of Instruction.” Two new articles, the source method of teaching history. The four one on university education and another on history remaining sections describe the sources, (1) of an- and citizenship in the school, are included. The cient history, (2) medieval and modern European essays naturally fall into three groups : (1) those history, (3) English history, and (4) American his- 1 dealing with the professional training of teachers ; tory; the main divisions thus corresponding to the (2) those treating of the functions of different recommendations of the Committee of Seven. The grades of schools (primary, secondary, university); list of sources, arranged topically, is not the usual and (3) those handling problems of the curriculum mere collection of titles, publishers, and prices, but and the internal management of schools. These a series of valuable descriptive and critical para- articles are thoughtful and well-prepared discus- graphs which no teacher of history in secondary sions of important issues in education, and are schools can afford to be without. written in a philosophic spirit. While written to HENRY DAVIDSON SHELDON. meet special occasions in Great Britain, Professor Laurie has so well viewed the problems in their wider aspects that an American can read them with profit. The paper on “ The Religious Educa- BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. tion of the Young" is one which might well be republished in cheap form for popular use. Although Mr. Walter H. Page has Professor Pinloche's long-heralded volume on edited, and edited with eminent suc- social essays. “Pestalozzi and the Foundation of the Modern cess, the most “ literary” of our Elementary School,” which concludes the “Great magazines, we fancy he would hardly like to be ” Educators” series, is something of a disappoint-called a man of letters. To him the world is a a ment, largely because of its unsympathetic picture place in which to do things rather than a place to , a of Pestalozzi's personality. The larger portion of live in and write about, and the literature that tells the book is given to a systematic statement of how things are done, or that provides an impetus Pestalozzi's views on education culled from his own for the doing of others, is the sort of writing that writings ; this will be of great service to students , most appeals to him. He is an idealist of a very as some of the originals are not accessible in En- practical sort, familiar with many political and glish translations. This section would have been social problems at first hand, and having a firm of more value had Professor Pinloche explained grasp upon the solid facts of the situations he chooses Pestalozzi and compared his ideas at different to discuss. These characteristics are very evident periods of his career, Pestalozzi's emotional out- in the little book which he calls - The Rebuilding bursts being at times unsatisfactory expressions of of Old Commonwealths” (Doubleday), and which his own views. The concluding chapters on Pesta- is made up of two addresses and one magazine essay, lozzi's influence are slight and scrappy. The book all produced within the last five years. These pa- contains signs of having been written in haste. pers deal with the South, for that is the region of In four hundred pages, Professor Kemp has the author's birth and boyhood; their message is written a new. history of education, which covers that of a man who has not got far enough away from the entire territory from the ancient Egyptians to his early environment to have his sympathies dulled Herbert Spencer. More space is given to accounts or his understanding made sluggish. Public edu- of the educational systems of modern Europe and cation considered as the corner-stone of the demo- Educational and 96 (August 16, THE DIAL second paper, a cratic edifice is the theme of these papers. In the in the following words: “The fact has been held first of them, “ The Forgotten Man,” Mr. Page constantly in mind that literature, being the vital speaks some home truths to the people of North and fluid thing it is, must be taught, if at all, more Carolina, his own native State. Not in any carping by suggestion, and by stimulation of the student's spirit, but with stern insistence upon the logic of own instinctive mental life, than by dogmatic the case, he points out that the State spends $3.40 assertion. More than any other branch of study, per year per pupil for its public schools, and that literature demands on the part of the teacher an in consequence one white person in every four is attitude of respect toward the intelligence of the illiterate, while nearly three hundred thousand North student; and if at any point the authors of this book Carolinians born have impoverished the common- may seem to have taken too much alertness of mind wealth by finding homes in other States. Here is for granted, their defence must be that only by “ a slight hint of the cost of ignorance and of the challenge and invitation can any permanent result extravagance of keeping taxes too low.” The sub- in the way of intellectual growth be accomplished.” stance of this address is condensed in the admirable This is the apology of the authors, if any apology is epigram, “We pay for schools not so much out of needed, for having written their book, not in the our purses as out of our state of mind.” Mr. Page's dry fashion of the ordinary school-text, but with the “ The School that Built a Town,” is literary grace and delicacy of phrase that we look a plea, ringing if not impassioned, for the sacredness for in the critical essayist who addresses an adult of the educational calling as the “one true science audience. They have produced the best-written of building a stable and broad-based democratic elementary text-book of the subject that we have social structure." To his hearers he says, “ What- ever read; whether it will prove proportionally ex- ever others may be doing, you are working with the cellent as a teaching manual is a matter of some central secret of human progress," and the school doubt. It is a book that can be read straight through audience which he is addressing is inspired by his with pleasure; whether it is a book that can be prof. story of how the public school system of Northwood itably studied, paragraph by paragraph, by crude raised the life of the entire community to a higher young minds of slight literary range, is quite plane. “The Rebuilding of Old Commonwealths," another matter. What we have said may be illus- the third and last of these papers, is a keen diag- trated by a few sentences from the characterization nosis of the social conditions of the South, which of Hamlet. “The core of his purpose is always shows that slavery is now, as it was fifty years firm; and it is one of the ironies of circumstance that ago, mainly responsible for the discouraging facts Hamlet has come to stand in most minds for a type of the situation, and again pointing to public of irresolution. This misunderstanding of the char- education as the sole efficient agency for the estab- acter is largely due to the exaltation of excitement shment of a truly democratic social order. This in Hamlet, which causes his mind, even in the mo- per, like the other two, is stimulating and sug- ment when he is pursuing his purpose with most gestive in the highest degree, and deserves to find intentness, to play with feverish brilliancy over the the widest possible audience of readers. questions of man's life and death; which makes his throbbing white-hot imagination a meeting-place for The latest The preparation of a school text- grotesque and extravagant fancies ; and which leads tert-book of English book of the history of English liter- him, 80 to speak, to cover the solid framework of literature. ature presents a task of constantly his enterprise with a wild festoonery of intellectual increasing difficulty. The number of good texts is whim, to envelop it in fitful eloquence, swift and already considerable, and there is not much latitude subtle wit, contemptuous irony and mordant sat- possible as to the selection or omission of facts. ire.” Fine as this unquestionably is in thought Nor is there much more in the matter of critical and expression, it must remain meaningless ver- estimates ; for authoritative opinion concerning the biage to nine-tenths of the young readers for whom chief English authors is fairly well crystallized, and it is intended. But even if this book should prove a new writer has no right to be original. Beyond ill-adapted to its immediate purpose, there is matter - an occasional variation of the accent, or shading for congratulation in its having been produced. It of the emphasis, he cannot go if he is to be a safe stands in refreshing contrast to the formal text- guide for young students. He may express his books, and is the book that we should next recom- own opinion concerning the relative supremacy mend to students and readers who have graduated of Shelley and Wordsworth, or of Tennyson and from their Stopford Brooke's “ Primer." It is well Browning; he may construct his own hierarchy of proportioned, giving much space to the last two the Elizabethan dramatists ; he may correct erro. centuries, yet not filling that space with superfluous neous popular judgments. But he is under bonds names, titles, and dates. The writers have felt that not to be biassed or sensational or erratic in the an author worth mentioning at all was worth dis- views which he promulgates. The latest “ Historycussing with some seriousness, and this has been of English Literature” (Scribner) is the work of their method throughout. The “ Reading Guide” Professors William Vaughn Moody and Robert at the end occupies twenty-five pages, and is of Morss Lovett, and its controlling principle is stated great value. We have noticed a few slips, but they a 1902.] 97 THE DIAL > are hardly worth mentioning. They include such nical requirements in the case than to any fault of things, for example, as the misquotation“ broad- the engravers. That the relations of the Brother- ening down from precedent to precedent," and the hood with their many exacting clients were gener- statement that “ The Cloister and the Hearth” is ally of the most genial and satisfactory sort there a story of the life of Erasmus," instead of dealing is ample testimony in these pages. Of the thou- with the parents of Erasmus. sands of blocks sent out from their workshop, the So completely has wood-engraving Messrs. Dalziel have selected the most noteworthy Records of a been superseded by the modern for reproduction in the present volume. There are ranished craft. ‘process” methods of picture ro- upwards of 150 plates in all, including specimens production that we of to-day are apt to forget or of the work of nearly every prominent English overlook the large part played by the graver's tool artist of the earlier Victorian period who has worked in black-and-white. in the history of popular art. Up to little more The collection thus than a generation ago, engraving on wood was brought together is a remarkable one, which the practically the only method of reproducing an art-lover should not overlook. We trust the kindly artist's drawing for the purposes of the printing guished work may be kept alive for many a day by memory of the Brothers Dalziel and their distin- press ; wood-engraving was then a flourishing pro- this handsome volume. fession, and the engraver was a mighty personage upon whose skill the artist must depend entirely The publication of Mr. John Cor- for the impression of his work received by the Student life bin's 6 An American at Oxford ” at Oxford. general public. An interesting realization of this (Houghton) has an unanticipated vanished condition may be gained from the volume timeliness, coming, as it does, just after the an- entitled “The Brothers Dalziel” (Dutton), a record, nouncement of the Rhodes bequest. Every young autobiographic in form, of the work of George and man in America who is ambitious to become a Edward Dalziel, two noted English wood-engravers. Rhodes scholar at Oxford will be certain to want For half a century (1840-1890) these brothers, this book, to say nothing of the many others who perhaps the leaders of their profession in England, will be attracted to it as an interesting contribu- worked in close association with many of the fore- tion to educational literature. What Mr. Corbin most artists of the period, not only in the repro- does is to give us, in simple and sometimes too duction of their drawings on the block, but also in colloquial language, an account of the Oxford stu- the superintendence and publication of elaborate dent's life, in and out of doors, from the time of art-books, such as Dalziel's Arabian Nights” and his matriculation to the time when he leaves the “Dalziel's Bible Gallery.” The last-named collec- venerable city of the Isis armed with his pass or tion includes some of the most notable work of what honors degree, as the case may be. We know of has been called the golden age of English illustra- no other book that gives precisely this information, tion. To its preparation the Dalziels devoted years which is frequently of a nature to impress very of patient labor and many thousands of dollars, en- curiously the youth whose ideas of university life listing the services of such artists as Lord Leighton, are derived from experience of American or Ger- Barne-Jones, Holman Hunt, Ford Madox Brown, man institutions. We are told about the provisions and Mr. G. F. Watts. Yet the enterprise was for the comfort of students, their breakfasts from financially almost a complete failure, some two the the college kitchen, their dinners in hall, their clois- hundred copies being the extent of the sales. tered conditions of life, and their athletic sports. Messrs. Dalziel's informal account of their half- | Emphasis is properly placed upon the social aspects century of work is liberally sprinkled with appre- of life at Oxford, for in these as ciative letters (many reproduced in fac-simile) from the most distinctive difference between the English the artists whose blocks passed through their hands. universities and those of other countries. We regret There is one from Rossetti, in which he speaks of to notice that Mr. Corbin thinks that the Rhodes two engravings (evidently those for the “ Moxon” trustees "should be most vigorously urged to select Tennyson) as "now highly satisfactory and well the scholars from the graduates of American uni- repaying all your pains." It will be recalled that versities.” That the founder of the scholarships Rossetti's first experience with the Dalziels, in con- had do such idea in his mind is perfectly evident nection with the drawing for Allingham's “The Maid from the terms of his will, and this suggestion is of Elfin-Mere,” was one of sore trial for both artist tantamount to a plea for bad faith on the part of and engraver, and the inspiration for such pleas- the executorg. antries as the following: Mr. Sherwin Cody is one of a num- O woodman spare that block, The case of the ber of writers who have recently O gash not anyhow! Short Story. It took ten days by clock, been trying to make out a case for I'd fain protect it now. the artistic differentiation of the short story from Chorus — Wild laughter from Dalziel's workshop." the more extended work of fiction. They claim But, with due allowance for Rossetti's humorous that the short story is not a novel in miniature, but exaggeration, it must be said that his tribulations a distinct literary form, with its own laws and mode were owing rather to his own ignorance of the tech- of development. The argument is ingenious, but 66 cts may be found 9 98 (August 16, THE DIAL it has always seemed to us a little sophistical, and The forest, as a living perpetual re- the question is at least still open for debate. Mr. A timely volume source of the nation, is just begin- on forest culture. Cody has lately illustrated his thesis by collecting ning to claim its own with the a dozen or more of typical examples, and publishing American people. Time was when we looked to it them in a volume with general and special intro- merely for lumber, or sought only to rid the land ductions. This volume is entitled “ Selections from of its presence; but now its relation to water sup- the World's Greatest Short Stories” (McClurg), ply, and thus to irrigation and navigation, is added and, whatever we may think of the editor's thesis, to the prospect of a lumber famine. Growth of the volume is a good one to read and to possess. interest in silviculture is also evidenced by the As to the selection made, there are many possible establishment of courses of instruction in our uni. opinions. Six of the stories are “ Patient Griselda," versities, and the increase in our national forest re- “Aladdin,” Balzac's " A Passion in the Desert,” The claims of recreation and sport are Irving's “ Rip Van Winkle,” Poe's “ The Gold- likewise potent, since they enlist æstbetic interests Bug," and Hawthorne's “ The Great Stone Face.” in the cause of forestry. All these considerations serves. " beginnende.cameret > 66 A new treatise An attractive of these six to be included in any representative “ Practical Forestry” (Appleton) both timely and collection, and the same may perhaps be said of the attractive. It is a popular presentation of the re- “ Christmas Carol” of Charles Dickens. But we lation of trees to the manifold phases of our civil- have grave doubts concerning “A Princess's ization, and to the phenomena and forces of nature, Tragedy,” from Thackeray's " Barry Lyndon,” as to soil, flood, and wind; to the landscape and to also concerning the selections made from Maupassant health. The agencies operative in the extension and Mr. Kipling. As for the incongruity of putting and limitation of forests, and methods for their things by Mr. J. M. Barrie and Mr. Arthur Mor- formation and improvement, are discussed, and the rison in such a collection, there can be no doubt at industries which bave been built upon their products all. And where is Tourguénieff, the greatest of all are described. Brief reference is made to tropical masters of this form of literature? forests, and the public reservations in this country are enumerated. The scope of the work, the sug- The labor involved in the prepara- gestions for economic utilization of the forest, the on Zoology. tion of a modern manual of Zoology condemnation of wholesale destruction and of fire is so great and the expense of illus- tration so considerable that there is a growing ten- waste, combine to make the book a force in the education of the reading public to the importance of dency to make such treatises somewhat of an inter- prompt action in all public questions affecting our national undertaking. An illustration of this effort woodlands. Owners of country homes, and all to obliterate national limitations is to be found in lovers of nature, will find in it many suggestions Messrs. Shipley and McBride's " Zoology" (Mac- of value. millan), which has been written with both the English and the American constituency in view. Text-books in Psychology, though The English training of both authors gives, how- by no means the barren and dull con- Psychology. ever, somewhat of a British bias to the terminology, tributions that they are supposed to and the sources of illustration are less American be, are yet rarely of the type to make attractive tban students in this country might wish. This general reading, - that of Professor James being affects the work in question merely in the matter of always the notable exception. What may be de- convenience to users of tbe book upon this side of manded of a text is that it shall prove both helpful the Atlantic. Science cares little for political and attractive to the student who approaches the boundaries, and good books from any land are wel. subject-matter with a student's interest and attitude. comed in all. It has been the aim of the authors The recent text by Dr. Lightner Witmer of the to prepare an elementary treatise in which the sub- University of Pennsylvania (Ginn & Co.) complies ject should be developed as the reader advances. with these requirements to more than the usual ex. To this end the earlier chapters deal with the fun- tent. The specific traits of the book are the selec- damentals of the science in an elementary way, tions of its illustrative material, whereby charts and while the later ones are more advanced both in diagrams and illustrations enable the student to method and matter. The authors have taken great prove for himself many of the essential principles, liberties in the arrangement of the systematic por- and so in a modest measure furnish him with a tion of the text, to the consternation of those who miniature psychological outfit of an experimental rejoice in uniformity of classification and arrange- | kind; and again the selection and treatment of ment. Many new figures, either from original portions of the field best suited to the illustration drawings or original sources, appear in this text for of the facts and principles of mental analysis. Such the first time. The compass of the book, and the a selection necessarily omits a great deal that a skill with which the authors have chosen the matter student might care to know; but by confining the from the great array of results of the investigations attention to those portions that are really pedagog- of recent years, render their manual one of our best ically suitable, the text gains in intent where it short treatises on zoology. loses io extent. Dr. Witmer has produced a volume 9 1902.) 99 THE DIAL NOTES. » with sufficient novel features to attract notice on the part of teachers and students of psychology. He has not sacrificed novelty to serviceability, and has maintained a consistent and tested plan of presen- tation throughout. 6. 'Tween You an' I” is the gram- Observations on marless title chosen by Max O’Rell men and women. to suggest the unpretentious and in- formal character of his latest collected observa- tions upon men and women (Lothrop Co.). If one questions its felicity, the answer comes readily enough; we do not go to Max O‘Rell for nicety of phrasing. What we do go for, we get in the new book, which, while it is never profound, and is often trite, contains plenty of amusing anecdotes with much witty criticism and interesting general- ization. From the view-point of his cosmopolitan career, the author compares national characteristics, noting such matters as the philosophic cheerfulness of the French, the astounding length of the Amer- ican memory, or the unfortunate assumption of the Englishman that he may be as disagreeable as he pleases when he travels. The author dispenses good advice in epigram to all the world and his wife, present and prospective, and analyses and classifies “ Her Royal Highness Woman appears in ber endless variety to her subject man. His work strikes the popular note indicative of the lecturer and journalist; and in spite of the fact that there is almost too much of it, is clever and timely enough to find many readers. 66 as she “Old English Ballads,” edited by Dr. James P. Kinard, is a selection of sixteen miliar examples, with introduction and notes, published by Messrs. Sil. ver, Burdett & Co. “The Common Spiders of the United States," by Mr. James H. Emerton, is a practical manual, richly illustrated, for school use or private study. It is pub- lished by Messrs. Ginn & Co. With the publication this month of « The Child and the Curriculum,” by Prof. John Dewey, the University of Chicago Press announces the completion of its valu- able series of “ Contributions to Education." “ Training for Citizenship," by Mr. Joseph Warren Smith, is “an elementary treatise on the rights and duties of citizens,” intended for the use of schools. The work is issued by the Lothrop Publishing Co. “ The Story of the Amphibians and the Reptiles," by Messrs. James N. Baskett and Raymond L. Ditmars, is a new volume in the series of “ Home Reading Books ” published by Messrs. D. Appleton & Co. Messrs. P. Blakiston's Son & Co. bave issued the first number of “The Medical Book News," a bi-monthly publication designed to furnish information of use to medical men in selecting books pertaining to medicine and the allied sciences. The Isoperimetric Problem of a Given Surface,” by Professor Oskar Bolza, and “The Production of Muscular Twitchings,” by Professor Jacques Loeb, are two further preprints from the forthcoming Decen- nial Publications of the University of Chicago. “ An Introduction to Physical Geography,” by Messrs. Grove Karl Gilbert and Albert Perry Brigham, is a new “Twentieth Century Text-Book” published by the Messrs. Appleton. It is prepared for the early high school course, is concrete in treatment, and amply illustrated. “ The Middle Ages," by Professor Philip Van Ness Myers, is a revision of the first half of the author's successful “Medieval and Modern History" of sixteen years ago. It will presently be followed by “The Modern Ages,” both publications coming from Messrs. Ginn & Co. The University of Chicago Press announces a re- pript, edited by Prof. Frederic Ives Carpenter, of “ The Life and Repentaunce of Marie Magdalene," a sixteenth-century morality play by Lewis Wager, now for the first time reprinted and provided with editorial apparatus. Another volume of literary interest soon to appear from the same press, is “ The Diary and Correspondence of Wilhelm Müller," edited by Dr. Philip S. Allen and Dr. James T. Hatfield. We note with pleasure the signs of prosperity and progress in our old friend under a new name, “Out West," formerly “ The Land of Sunshine,” Mr. Lum. mis's vigorous magazine of the Pacific Coast. Chang- ing the name of a periodical is always hazardous, but in this case the wisdom of the step seems vindicated, and the new magazine bas an air of maturity and ful- ness corresponding with its broadened field and title. The August number gives the third section of Mr. Lummis's remarkable series of papers, descriptive and expository, on California, which, with their profuse and novel illustrations, would make any magazine conspic- The illustrations as a whole seem better than usual in this number, and the reading matter of a BRIEFER MENTION. “A Complete Geography,” by Professors Ralph S. Tarr and Frank M. McMurry, is the second volume of tbe “two book series" of these successful text- makers, and is indeed a complete treatment of the subject for all ordinary school purposes. The maps alone number over a hundred, and the other illustra- tions, mostly photographic, are too numerous to count. The work is thoroughly modern and scientific in its treatment of the subject, and, best of all, is not an ungainly quarto, but a volume of reasonable dimen- sions, with a page not much larger than that of other school books. The Macmillan Co. are the publishers. In modern language texts, the American Book Co. send as M. Jean de la Brète's “Mon Oncle et Mon Curé," edited by Miss Elizabeth W. White; an “Ad- vanced French Prose Composition,” by M. Victor E. François; and Herr von Wildenbruch's “ Das Edle Blut," edited by Dr. Charles A. Eggert. From Messrs. Gina & Co. we have a two-volume work on “Spanish and English Conversation," by Miss Aida Edmonds Penney. The Macmillan Co. publish an edition of Racine's “ Athalie," edited by Professor F. C. de Sumi- chrast. Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co. publish the Comtesse de Ségur's “Les Malheurs de Sophie (two stories only), edited by Miss Elizabeth W. White. Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. publish Fulda's “Unter Vier Augen” and Bendix's * Der Prozess," both comedies in one volume, edited by Mr. William Addison Hervey. " > uous. 100 (August 16, THE DIAL more even and inviting quality. The editorial writing, of course, does not fail in interest, and never can so long as it continues to be charged with Mr. Lummis's unbampered fervor of conviction and flavored with his breezy and enlivening personality. The History of the Roman People," which Dr. William Fairley has translated (and to a certain ex- tent edited) from the French of Professor Charles Seignobos, represents the best form of scholarly French text-book, and is now offered for use in American schools and colleges. The author writes with graphic power, literary charm, and philosophical purpose, which qualities are mostly retained in this adaptation of his work. Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. are the publishers. In a review of Mr. Bryce's “Studies in History and Jurisprudence,” in The Dial for July 16, in discussing the ebapter on the old constitution of Iceland it was incidentally remarked that “ Mr. Bryce probably never visited the historic isle," etc. This surmise is evidently an error; for a correspondent calls our attention to a passage from the author's earlier work, “ The American Commonwealth," in which he says: “Sixteen years ago I travelled in Iceland with two friends” (introductory chapter, p. 9 of ed. of 1888). A revised edition of Mr. G. A. Wentworth's “Col- lege Algebra” is published by Messrs. Gion & Co. The same publishers also send us a revised edition of Dr. Alfred P. Gage's “Introduction to Physical Science," and a new “Manual of Astronomy" by Pro- fessor Charles A. Young. The latter work occupies an intermediate position between the author's two earlier texts, which have been drawn upon freely in its prepar- ation. It is a leather-bound volume of over six hun- dred many illustrations. A fifth volume of “Old South Leaflets" brings together a new collection of twenty-five of these valu- able reprints of source material, and will be welcomed by every teacher of American history. The contents are too varied for any general description, but we may note the group of eight that deal with the early exploration and colonization of the new world. The remaining pamphlets deal with subjects as far apart as More's “Utopia," Dante's “ De Monarchia,” Bede on Augustine, Horace Mann on free schools, Grotius on “War and Peace," and the Hague Conference. European Constitutional History; or, The Origin and Development of the Governments of Modern Earope, from the Fall of the Western Roman Empire to the Close of the 19th Century. By Nelson Case. 8vo, pp. 421. Jennings & Pye. $1.50. A Primer of Greek Constitutional History. By A, H. Walker, M.A. 16mo, uncut, pp. 178. Oxford: B. H. Blackwell. BIOGRAPHY. Matthew Arnold. By Herbert W. Paul. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 188. * English Men of Letters." Macmillan Co. 75 cts. net. Studies in the Lives of the Saints. By Edward Hutton. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 157. E. P. Datton & Co. $1.25 net. GENERAL LITERATURE. Indian Fables. Collected and edited by P. V. Ramaswami Rajn, B.A. Illus., 12mo, pp. 129. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50. The Dead City: A Tragedy. By Gabriele d'Annunzio; rendered into English by Prof. G. Mantellini. Illus, in color, etc., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 282. Laird & Lee. $1.25. Scbiller's Einfluss auf Grillparzer: Eine Litterarhisto- rische Studie. Von 0. E. Lessing. Large_8vo, uncut, pp. 124. Madison : University of Wisconsin, Paper, 50 ots. The Time Elements of the Orestean Trilogy. By Jona- than Bayley Browder, M.A. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 76. Madison : University of Wisconsin. Paper, 35 cts. pages, with NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. Novels of William Harrison Ainsworth, "Windsor" Edition. Now volumes: Rookwood, with a Memoir by W. E. A. Axon, 2 vols.; Jack Sheppard, 2 vols.; The Flitch of Bacon, 1 vol. Each with photogravure frontispiece, 16mo, gilt top, uncut. J. B, Lippincott Co. Per vol., 81. net. Works of F. Hopkinson Smith, "Beacon" Edition. Vol. I., Laguerre's, and Well-Worn Roads; Vol. II., A White Umbrella in Mexico, and In Other Lands; Vol. III., Colonel Carter, and Other Tales of the South; Vol. IV., Caleb West, Master Diver. Each with frontispiece in color, 12mo, gilt top, uncut. Charles Scribner's Sons. (Sold only in sets of 10 vols. by subscription at $15.) Temple Bible. New volumes : Jeremiah and Lamentations, edited by E. Tyrell Green, M.A.; Ezekiel, edited by 0.C. Whitehouse, D.D. Each with photogravure frontispiece, 24mo, gilt top. J. B. Lippincott Co. Per vol., leather, 60 cts. net. POETRY AND VERSE. An Anthology of Victorian Poetry. Edited by the Right Hon. Sir Mountstaart E. Grant Duff, G.C.S.I. 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 570. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.50 net. The Death of Sir Launcelot, and Other Poems. By Condé Benoist Pallen. 12mo, uncut, pp. 124. Small, Maynard & Co. Songs. By James Vila Blake. 12mo, unout, pp. 109. Boston: James H. Wes Co. Ballads and Poems. By Wesley Bissonnette. 8vo, pp. 64. Colorado Springs: Published by the author. LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 57 titles, includes books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] HISTORY. A History of the Nineteenth Century Year by Year. By Edwin Emerson, Jr.; with Introduction by Georg Gott- fried Gervinus. In 3 vols., illus. in color, etc., 12mo. Dodd, Mead & Co. $3.60 net. Immigration of the Irish Quakers into Pennsylvania, 1682–1750, with their Early History in Ireland. By Albert Cook Myers, M.L. Illus., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 477. Swarthmore, Pa.: Published by the Author. $3.50 net. Society in the Elizabethan Age. By Hubert Hall, F.S.A. Illus. in color, etc., large 8vo, pp. 305. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.50 net. Egypt in the Neolithic and Archaic Periods. By E, A. Wallis Budge, M.A. Illus., 12mo, pp. 222. “ Books on Egypt and Chaldea." Oxford University Press. Old Charlestown: Historical, Biographical, Reminiscent. By Timothy T. Sawyer. With portrait, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 527. Boston: James H. West Co. $2. FICTION. Jezebel: A Romance in the Days when Abab Was King of Israel. By Lafayette McLaws.. Nlus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 490. Lothrop Publishing Co. $1.50. The Bridge of the Gods: A Romance of Indian Oregon. By F. X. Balch. Seventh edition ; illus. by L. Maynard Dixon. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 280. A. C. McClarg & Co. $1.50. Castle Craneycrow. By George Barr McCutcheon. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 391. H. S. Stone & Co. $1.50. The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci: The Forerunner. By Dimitri Merejkowski; exclusively authorised transla- tion from the Russian by Herbert Trench. With portrait, 12mo, pp. 463. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50. World's People. 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THE DIAL Appletons' Autumn Announcements A NEW BOOK BY GILBERT PARKER Ready September 19. Donovan Pasha By Sir GILBERT PARKER, author of “ The Seats of the Mighty,” etc. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, $1.50. Letters of Darwin. 2 vols. . . The House Under the Sea. By Max PEMBERTON. 12mo, cloth, $1 50 The Sea Lady. By H. G. WELLS. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, 1 50 Tales about Temperaments. By John OLIVER Hobbes. (T. & C.) 12mo, cloth, 1 00 Paper, 50 The Things that are Cæsar's. By R. W. KAUFFMAN. 12mo, cloth, 1 50 The Housewives of Edenrise. 12mo, cloth, 1 25 The Sins of a Saint. By J. R. AITKEN. 12mo, cloth, 1 50 The King's Agent. By ARTHUR PATERSON. 12mo, cloth, 1 50 A Son of Gad. By J. A. STEUART. 12mo, cloth, 1 50 Á Whaleman's Wife. By F. T. BULLEN. 12mo, cloth, 1 50 The Way of a Man. By MORLEY ROBERTS. (T. & C.) 12mo, cloth, 1 00 Paper, 50 Behind the Line. By Ralph HENRY BARBOUR. 12mo, cloth, net, 1 20 Miss Lochin var. By MARION AMOS TAGGART. 12mo, cloth, net, 1 20 Jacks of all Trades. 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(Appletons' Business Series.) 12mo, cloth, net, Social New York' under the First Georges. By EsthER SINGLETON. Illustrated, 8vo, net, Funds and their Uses. By Dr. F. A. CLEVELAND. 12mo, cloth, net, Trust Finance. By Dr. E. S. MEADE. 12mo, cloth, net, Scandinavian Literature. By Dr. GEORG BRANDES. 12mo, cloth, net, 120 American Literature. By Prof. W. P. TRENT. 12mo, cloth, net, 1 20 Animals Before Man in North Amer- ica. By Dr. F. A. Lucas. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth, Taylor on Golf. By J. H. TAYLOR. Illustrated, 12mo, net, 1 60 D. APPLETON & COMPANY, NEW YORK AND CHICAGO THE DIAL A Semis Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. > PAGE THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage A YEAR OF CONTINENTAL prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries LITERATURE. comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must II. be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by express or Continuing from a previous number our postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and summary of the “ Athenæum” annual reports for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; of the Continental literatures, we now present and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. Al communications should be addressed to the following abstracts : Greece, by Professor THB DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. S. P. Lambros ; Holland, by Mr. H. S. M. van Wickevoort Crommelin ; Hungary, by Mr. Subscribers who have been receiving The Dial Leopold Katscher; Italy, by Dr. Guido Biagi; at their temporary Summer address should notify Poland, by Dr. Adam Belcikowski; Russia, the publishers promptly of their return to the regu- by Mr. Valerii Briusov; and Spain, by Don lar address, in order that no interruption may occur Rafael Altamira. in the paper's delivery. In requesting such change, the old address, as well as the new, should be given. One would expect from Athens some account of the riotous proceedings evoked last autumn by the vernacular translation of the New Testa- No. 389. SEPT. 1, 1902. Vol. XXXIII. ment, but Professor Lambros makes only a passing allusion to the matter. CONTENTS. "The attempt to introduce into historical description popular idiom only tolerated in poetry is not in accord- A YEAR OF CONTINENTAL LITERATURE - II. 109 ance with the desire of the nation; on ethnic grounds the Greeks wish to be purists. So the experiment of THE NINETEENTH CENTURY IN REVIEW. translating the Gospel into popular dialect by Mr. Alex- ander Pallis was Wallace Rice egarded as anti-national and anti- 113 religious, and led last November to a rising of the AN students and people of Athens which ended in fatal AMERICAN PHYSICIAN IN RUSSIAN PRISONS. C. H. Cooper . scenes and the resignation of the Government.” 116 The chief literary happening of the year in CUSHING AND HIS WORK AMONG THE ZUNI Greece has been the Centennial festival of the INDIANS. Frederick Starr . 118 patriotic poet Solomos, whose poems have ap- THE WAY TO SOCIAL SALVATION. T. D. A. peared in a new critical edition, and whose Cockerell In 119 statue was unveiled in Zante last June. Miss Addams's Democracy and Social Ethics. belles-lettres, Gladden's Social Salvation.- Lane's The Level of “ Mr. Panajotis Zanos has published three plays, Di- Social Motion.— Hall's Crime in Its Relation to ogenes Romaros,' • Andromeda and Perseus, Com- Social Progress. nenus and Theodora.' The last deals with the taking of Thessalonica by the Turks in 1430. Mr. Nicholas BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 121 Lascaris has produced various one-act comedies. Mr. A. A Frenchman's letters from London, 1725-30.- Nicolaras has written a beautiful play on Ariadne. The The science of modern optics.- The last essays of best publication of the dramatic year is the • Aristo- C. D. Warner. — The art of index-making. – A demos' of Mr. K. Angelopulos. Full of feeling are the history of Cromwell's army.- Court of the Grand first attempts in poetry of a young lady, Miss Aemilia Duchess of Saxe-Weimar.-- A compilation of Na- Kurtelis, entitled Chrysanthema. A pseudonymous poleonic literature.- New text-book of American writer, Vangos, bas mystified people by an old Roman literature. manuscript of folk-poetry. The name of the new Macpherson cannot be revealed at present. The poem BRIEFER MENTION 124 itself is not without merit, but has nothing of Ossian's swing about it.” NOTES 125 Historical and philological works are as nu- merous as ever, but not very interesting save TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS 126 to the specialist. LIST OF NEW BOOKS 126 Heer Crommelin, writing of things Dutch, . . 110 (Sept. 1, THE DIAL 6 6 > says that “the book which must puzzle the On the stage, the most conspicuous figure is critic of Holland most this year is, undoubtedly, that of Heer Herman Heyermans. Heer Jan Apol's Phaëthon and the Fool.' It “ His works are so well written that in reading them is no more than a common tale of youthful ex- one has no difficulty in forgetting their doubtful dra matic merit. periences and feelings, but told in a sort of His latest work, Ora et Labora,' is little The works of Heer Cyriel more than a melodrama (which probably accounts for poetic ecstasy." its success on the stage), but the dialogue is very clever. Buysse (“ Van Arme Menschen "), of Heer Heer Heyermans meets life with a laugh and a speer, van Hulzen (“ Zwervers "), of Heer Brandt but he renders it with a sigh and a tear, to please the van Doorne (“ Verweghe en Zijn Vrouw"), pit.” of Heer van Eckeren (" Donkere Machten "), Fiction in Hungary, writes Mr. Leopold and of Heer Louis Couperus, are characterized Katscher, “ has been at an extraordinarily low by “ a healthy endeavor to put away all undue ebb during the past twelve months - so much elaboration and to strive only for a pure ex- so that only two novels and three volumes of pression of thoughts and feelings worth utter- short stories deserve mention.” The novels ing.” Heer Couperus has produced this year are “Heathens," by Mr. Ferencz Herczeg, and not less than three volumes, two of which belong “The Tartod Bear-Hunting,” by Mr. Dezső to a sort of tetralogy, “ De Boeken der Kleine Malonyay. The former of these novels is a Zielen ”; while the third, called “ Babel,” dis- vigorous historical romance of the eleventh cusses “the extreme pains our times takes to century; the latter is Transylvanian and mod- produce monstrous superfluities." erd. The three volumes of stories are “Insig- “The theme is a huge scheme for rebuilding the nificant Tales," by Mr. Béla Szivus, who has Tower of Babel. It is resolved that this time the tower been styled the Hungarian Gorky; “Wan- shall reach the throne of Baal. Thus it becomes a work derers," by Mr. Ede Kabos ; and “Living of years and · years, which costs the lives and happiness of thousands. But the self-seeking pride of the master- Pictures," by Mr. Istvan Barsony. builders, who suffer others to do the hard work, is kept “The best volume of poetry this year is Mr. Lajos back neither by floods or the fire of heaven, which Bartók’s • Hope and Remembrance,' which is calculated threaten to destroy the building, por by any reasons of to increase bis deserved popularity. It contains verse sentiment. The impossibility of reaching heaven by a of fiery imagination, rare beauty of form, and patriotic tower built on the blood of slaves is at length acknowl- elevation.” edged by Cyrus, a shepherd's son of royal descent who had joined the builders. He leaves them when it dawns On the stage “no play of literary value has on him that their labour leads to no other goal than the had a lasting success; still, several really good unreasonable glorification of a few; and when he com- dramas and tragedies have been produced.” municates this discovery to the enslaved multitude, a Mr. Jenö Rakosi is the author of “Queen flower, the flower of mercy, springs up from the hard granite of the tower, a miracle which surpasses the Tagma,” a “half-historical, half-legendary and dazzling enterprise of man." fanciful tragedy, strangly influenced by Shake- Other works of fictive art are : “ Na Scheiding speare and the Greek classics ; a romantic and en Dood,” by Mrs. Atink ; “ Doodendans,” bý powerful piece of work.” Mr. Lajos Palagyi's by “ The Slaves " is a Roman verse-drama of the Heer Stijn Streuvels; and “De Jonge Do- minee,” by Heer J. Eigenbuis. The “ Hol- . times of Nero. Mrs. György Verö’s “ Cain " is distinguished from other treatments of the is a critical work dealing with the writers of subject by its substitution for envy of ill-fated the present day. The author love for a woman as Cain's motive for slaying Abel the love of both brothers for one sis- “ Is especially attracted by the psychological element in literature, and is ready to forgive many faults as to ter. Among works of serious scholarship, the form and plan, and even as to the exposition of char- following are important: “The Memorial of acter, if only the author is thoroughly in earnest, and King Matthias Corvinus,” by many hands, the spirit of his work is sympathetic.” edited by Professor Marki; “Labour," by In poetry, after some years of considerable Mr. Jenö Kunz; “Essays on Political Econ- dearth, new life is evident. There is Dr. van omy,” by Professor Béla Földes ; “ The Pro- Eeren's “ Passielooze Lilie," poems notable for tection of Marriage in Criminal Law," by Mr. their sweetness and thoughtfulness. Rustem Vanbéry; and the “ Dictionary of the “Less popular, though not less in craftmanship, is Revival of the Magyar Language,” by Mr. Dr. J. B. Schepers's · Bragi,' which has been very well Kalman Sziby. received. . . . An interesting event of the year has been the appearance of political songs of the time by Dr. Guido Biagi is pessimistic on the sub- the young Heer C. S. Adama van Scheltema, a socialist, ject of the intellectual life of Italy at the grandson of a well-known public man.” landsche Belletrie ” of Dr. C. van Deventers is dist present time. 1902.) 111 THE DIAL We are 66 6 “We have experienced a period of lassitude, of lan- tioned, none of which are of much importance. guor, that shows no sign of passing away. The titles include « Lettere d'Amore,” by Sig- witnessing a fatal decadence in various branches of lit- nora Serao ; “ Servetta,” by Signora “ Regina erature, and the public is getting rapidly disgusted by a sense of satiety and nausea. Lectures or conferences, di Luanto”; “ Il Capolavoro," by Signor Giu- for instance, have become a veritable nuisance, a pub- stino L. Ferri; “Quando il Sogno è Finito," lic calamity. No one any longer desires to listen to by Signor Guiseppe de Rossi ; and “ Il Ritorno them, whether he be invited or (as Leopardi proposed) dell' Aretusa," by Signor Enrico Castelnuovo. paid something to lend his ears and patience." Signor Francesco d'Ovidio, one of the masters of The decadence of the theatre is universally criticism, has published his Studj sulla Divina Com- lamented. media,' which constitute one of the most valuable con- « Now the theatres are full of translations from the tributions to modern Dante literature. This book of French of comedies the subjects of which are generally d'Ovidio's has been widely studied and discussed by lewd, with improbable plots, in which are jumbled the most competent authorities, and is recognized gen- incidents of dubious humour and scenes grotesquely erally here as a work of the first importance." salacious. Passion is not the subject of these produc- | History is represented by “ Episodi del Risor- tions, but rather sensual caprice." The one production of the year that helps to zimento Italiano,” by General Giacomo Du- rando; “Scrilti Politici e l'Epistolario di redeem this deplorable situation is, of course, the “ Francesca da Rimini ” of Signor d'An- Carlo Cattaneo," edited by Mrs. Jessie White Mario; “Epistolario Inediti di G. Mazzini," nunzio. In this work of genius, the author and Signor Guglielmo Ferrero's “Grandezza “ Wished to prove that a work of art, as regards the e Decadenza di Roma." A travel book of real public, the subject, and poetry itself, should be repre- sented with the aid of whatever may serve to make its importance, the Duke of the Abruzzi's “ Viag- value and purpose best understood. What is done gio al Polo Nord,” will be published next elsewhere when the plays of Shakespeare are acted, October. The Hugo centenary was celebrated what is done in France by grandiose neurotic repre- in Italy, as well as the eightieth birthday of the sentation, might at least be attempted for an Italian drama. And the poet, with the taste of an artist and Marchesa del Grillo, better known to the public the patience of a scholar, determined to search out and as Adelaide Ristori. And the recent unveiling, study every minute detail of costume, furniture, and in Florence, of a monument to Rossini, is said scenery, in order to supply correspondingly faithful to mark " the first time that the Pantheon of pictures of the troublous life which he evoked by the breath of his poetry. . . . The audience felt that they Italian glory has opened to a musician.” were in the presence of a work of art; they breathed Dr. Adam Belcikowski tells us that “The as it were that air of bygone times, so full of perfumed | Affaire Dolenga,” by Mr. J. Weyssenhoff, has breezes, where the warm blood spirting forth waters been the greatest success of the year in Polish the beds of flowers, where the sweet scents of poetry fiction. “ A highminded and talented young mingle with the acrid odours of battle. The faithful and vigorous reproduction of those scenes of medieval engineer wins the love of the somewhat eccen. life struck by its boldness the mind of the ordinary pub- tric daughter of a prince, but conventional lic, and was very favourably received by graver critics." prejudices prove too strong, and her happiness There have been published during the year is sacrificed to them." A novel called “ Miss “two collections of poems of the highest Mary,” the work of Mr. K.Przerwa-Tetmajer, value.” One of them is the single-volume “Is hardly a successful compound of imagination and - “ abridgment of the complete works of Signor realism. A millionaire's daughter, of Jewish descent, Carducci, the other is a similar abridgment of has fallen in love with a musician, but on the failure of his opera she refuses to be his wife and marries a the poems of his alumnus, Signor Giovanni ruined count instead. Her passion is roused once more Marradi. Of this poet, when the composer, who has meanwhile passed through “ A Livornese, his master had already written that he the torments of hell, at last makes himself renowned had the gift of full-throated song, the inspiration of on both sides of the globe; but now he, in his turn, melody,' and it was great praise; but be has, especially scornfully rejects her love." by his • Rapsodia Garibaldina,' shown that he is able to Other works of fiction are “Fame” and “ Fiat sing, and sing well, of the profound intuitions of life and of history.' Marradi is now recognized as a poet Lux," both by Mr. A. Krechowiecki ; “ Mr. of every-day life, as he is acknowledged on all hands Philip of Konopie," by Mr. K. Glinski; to be a marvellous artificer of verse, a vigorous word- Nigh to Heaven," a novel of student life by painter. To read his songs is to enjoy sweet and Mr. E. Paszkowski; “The Grey Yarn,” by strong music, to hear once more all the beauties of Mr. J. Swierk; “The_Art Worshippers," classic art express our deepest feelings, the Olympic illusions which atone for what he calls the pallid mel by Mr. K. Rojon; and “From Bygone Years," ancholy of the world. So long as Italy has such ar- by Mr. G. Danilowski. Lyric poetry is rep- tists, we need not despair of her future.” resented chiefly by three works, Mr. J. Kas- In the field of romance a few works are men- prowicz's “ The End of the World,” a song- . 9 » > > 112 (Sept. 1, THE DIAL cycle, “the subject of which is the tragic given to “Songs from the Nook," by Mr. K. conflict of a soul full of doubt and despair, yet Sluchevski. at the same time deeply religious and longing “ He is one of the most remarkable Russian poets. ardently for faith”; Mr. L. Rydel's “ Poems, He has now been writing for almost half a century, but which “make a very different and most bar- till lately he had not secured the fame he deserves. The great public knows Sluchevski by name only, but monious impression "; and Mr. L. Staff's “Mas- he is surrounded with the affectionate regard of his ter Twardowski,” dealing “with a legendary friends and all poets. If in Russia a plébiscite were wizard of the sixteenth century who has much taken among poets, as it is in France, Sluchevski would in common with the German Faust." A num. certainly receive the greatest number of votes. • The ber of plays are mentioned, including one by Nook’ is the name of the poet's estate, where he spends his summer holidays." the writer of the present article; and the re- port closes with a few words about Professor The Gogol jubilee has been celebrated this A. Brückner's new history of Polish litera year, and has called forth the publication of ture, written in the German language. new editions, unprinted letters, numerous fragments, and a large amount of critical “ In Russian society and Russian literature, discussion. writes Mr. Briusov, The Spanish chronicle for the year, com- “ There has been observed for some time a mystic and religious movement. During the last year it exhibited piled by Don Rafael Altamira, has the usual itself with special force. Å new society has been lengthy list of historical and antiquarian pro- formed in Petersburg for religious and philosophic ductions, works of little interest to others than meetings. . . . At the assemblies papers are read on specialists, which we will pass unmentioned, religious and ecclesiastical questions, judgment is passed save for a note upon Cánovas del Castillo, upon them, and opinions are uttered with a freedom rare in Russia. Ecclesiastics take part with laymen, who has been made the subject of two biog- who are chiefly authors. Vestments alternate with raphies. His character overcoats, and many ladies come. For the first time, “ Is certainly most interesting to an historian. He was after a rupture of two centuries, the literature of the a genuine representative of the Bourbon restoration, layman has stretched out a hand to spiritual thought. and also of the strange and deplorable pessimism which, For the first time problems have made their appear- by paralyzing the arms of many men of ability, was the ance, and questions have been discussed equally impor- cause of almost all our disasters during the closing tant to both." years of the nineteenth century. But the time has not In connection with these assemblies, and in a yet come for panegyrists, even of the utmost honesty way marked by their influence, several publi- In belles lettres “two facts are observable : of purpose, to extol his career in eulogistic phrases." cations are mentioned, among them Professor the return of our authors to the cultivation of Merezhkovski's "Christ and Antichrist in Russian Literature," Mr. N. Minski's Philo- the story, from which they have been inclined to hold aloof of recent years, and the invasion sophic Dialogues,” Mr. Boborgkin's novel of Castilian poetry by modernity.” Among « The Confessors," and a collection of stories the best works of fiction are “ Adventuras, by Mrs Zenaida Gippius. Inventos, y Mistificaciones de Silvestre Par- “ Mr. Leonid Andreev has had the greatest success in belles-lettres, strictly so-called. His first volume of adox," and "Camino de Perfeccion," both by tales was sold off in a few weeks. He has remained in Señor Baroja, a new writer; “Sonata de the fundamental form of his productions true to tradi- Otoño," by Señor Valle Inclan; “La Con- tion - i. e., he is completely accessible to the ordinary quista de la Elegancia,” by Señor Danvila; reader, but at the same time, in some of his methods and moods, he is near to the new poetry.' He pos- and “Sonnica la Cortesana,” by Señor Blasca sesses the talents of a raconteur, and may be expected Ibañez. The annals of verse-writing and of in the future to find out an independent path.” the stage are of no particular interest, although With the success of this book can alone be Señor Galdos has produced “ Alma y Vida," compared that of the books of “Maxim Gorky,” an admirable symbolistic drama. which are now sold by tens of thousands. “He has published the fifth volume of his works, The limited edition of Montaigne's Essays, wbich and in this have appeared the conclusion of his novel Messrs. Houghton, Miffin & Co. announce, will un- • The Trio' and his drama • The Bourgeois,' which was doubtedly prove the crowning achievement of The played at Petersburg with great success. In this play Riverside Press. The Florio translation is the one a bourgeois family in easy circumstances is living in a selected, and the work will comprise three folio vol. little town. The children have been educated the umes of uncommon typographical beauty. The front- son is a student, the daughter a teacher; and misunder- ispieces, decorative title-pages, and initial letters will standings arise between the parents and the children.” all be engraved on wood, and in the bibliography there will be facsimile reproductions of title-pages and other The first place in Russian poetry must be interesting material from famous old editions. of 1902.) 113 THE DIAL The New Books. upon American affairs, and this at a time when identity of language enables them in a great measure to form American opinion in THE NINETEENTH CENTURY IN REVIEW.* regard to the annals of the Continent of Whatever the defects of Mr. Emerson's Europe. Here the citizens of the United States History of the Nineteenth Century Year by hold a just balance, the mixing of races and Year,” it is to be said at the outset that they nationalities in our country going far toward are largely inherent in the plan of his rather divesting us of all bias. And it is of the cen- formidable undertaking. Though it is difficult tory so recently closed --- the century in which to see how any other method of treating so the term “ chauvinism” took its rise — that vast a subject would have enabled him to tell this is especially true. the story better, it is certain that the presenta- Throughout his account of the life of the na- tion of wholly dissociate matters in successive tions of the world, Mr. Emerson discloses a paragraphs, throughout his three volumes, is steadfast Americanism which has the courage frequently disconcerting. On the other hand, On the other hand, of its convictions. His work is in no sense the fact that the story as told is almost con philosophical, its aim being rather to collect tinuously interesting, even though it runs and present facts than expound their tenden- through 1912 closely-printed pages, attests the cies. Yet his adherence to the broad dem. wisdom and ability of the author at once. ocratic principles upon which this republic was Certainly, to take up each country by itself founded can be discerned, though his views are and carry on its history through more than a those of the conservative rather than the radical hundred years would hardly have been likely believer in popular government. He has done to produce better results, while it would have wisely in using a translation, by Mr. Maurice necessitated the narration of all international Magnus, of the introduction prepared by Ger- affairs at least twice over. Carefully though vinus for his history of the nineteenth century, not voluminously indexed as it is, “ A History projected but never realized, as the introduc- of the Nineteenth Century Year by Year tion to his own work. It brings the age just forms a valuable addition to works of reference closed into perspective, and enables the reader in any library, at the same time that it affords to trace tendencies stretching far back of the pleasant reading as a whole. The use of mar- year 1800, with which the account opens. In ginal annotations of topics is an assistance to his preface, Mr. Emerson remarks : every reader; and the numerous illustrations, “ It is the pride of Americans that their hemisphere many of them in color, add to the desirability accomplished by the world since the death of Wash- bas contributed its sbare, and over, to the sum-total of the volumes. ington. In the roll-call of the great mon of this age It has long been the belief of Americans few names stand forth more brightly than those of that from among their number were to arise Jefferson, Bolivar, Lincoln, Grant, Farragut, and Lee, the great historians of the modern world. or those of Fulton, Ericsson, Morse, Edison, Diaz, and Holding aloof from Europe to an extent which Dewey. “Considerations such as these have entered largely lessens national prejudices to the minimum, into the preparation of this work. To them must be able from a point of view so far removed to ascribed the apparent preponderance given to the part assume the attitude of "contemporaneous pos- played by America in the history of the world during terity,” and pledged by reason of their nation- the Nineteenth Century. When a similar work was undertaken by Gervinus, the great German historian, ality to regard favorably all government which he laid the responsibility for modern statocraft and is based upon generous and sound political ideals of government at the feet of America.” principle rather than upon political-expediency, These words indicate that dispassionate atti- it appears to be the duty of Americans to in. tude which must characterize the work of the terpret to the nations of Europe the actualities and tendencies of their own acts. The neces- true historian, and no American will quarrel sity for this is the greater, in view of the fact with the setting of the affairs of the new world that British historians, however dispassionate, upon an equal footing with those of the old in a have never been able to treat European affairs a history of this kind. This is one evidence of the author's good faith ; another may be with the accuracy which they have bestowed found in his inclusion of the arts of peace as *A HISTORY OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY YEAR BY essential factors in the world's development YEAR. By Edwin Emerson, Jr. With an introduction by Georg Gottfried Gervinus. In three volumes. Illustrated. and progress, the sombre events of war and New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. conquest being often brightened by citations 114 [Sept. 1, THE DIAL - 66 a from the poets, while the authors, artists, and The first of the three volumes is practically inventors of the age are given equal promi- given up to the first Napoleon. With the nence with the rulers, statesmen, and warriors. exception of the withholding of the important Even matters so seemingly slight as the in- fact that the government of Great Britain vention of patent leather may be found side sought to end the life of the Emperor of the by side with the echoes of the tramp of armies ; French by assassination, there is here the fair- while the poets of all Christendom appear, est possible statement of the life of that gigan- those of foreign speech in adequate translation. tic figure, the facts being set down without The pages are consecutively numbered from malice or extenuation. Even a matter coming the beginning to the end of the work, making so near home as the war between Great Britain reference easy. The style is popular, almost and the United States, in 1812–14, shows no familiar, and its journalistic tendency is ad- national prepossessions, - a return for the com- mirably suited to the subject matter, — the pliment paid Mr. Theodore Roosevelt by the history being largely a journal of the times, publishers of the “History of the Royal Navy" and too closely related to the present, for the in permitting him to furnish the correspond- most part, to permit of any other treatment. ing chapter of that work. It is a downright It is interesting to note that the eighteenth pleasure to see the facts regarding the battle century ended, as the twentieth began, with a of Lundy's Lane made clear, without boasting a dispute regarding its initial year. Mr. Emerson of a great American victory on that hard- seems to lend himself to those who would have fought field. There is, however, no mention the century open in a year with a round num- made of the destruction of the government ber, by formally including the year 1800, after buildings and records of York, now Toronto, a preliminary chapter of forecast. But he also which justified in some measure the British includes the year 1901 by way of close, so vandalism in Washington ; nor is anything that his book does not add its mite toward said of Major Croghan's defense of Fort Ste- settlement of a highly unimportant dispute. phenson, the most brilliant exploit of Ameri- His first volume contains a map of the world can arms on land in the North, and one of at the beginning of the epoch, just as the last real moment. includes one at its close; in this latter there is The second volume carries the tale down to a mistake in coloring, France and Great the close of 1857. Some exception will doubt- Britain being apparently assigned the same less be taken to this account of Poe's last mo- tint, though on the map itself they are duly ments : “On his way to New York to settle differentiated. up affairs in anticipation of his marriage, Poe Where so much ground is covered, neces- fell in with some of his companions in dissipa- sarily a process of selection must be adopted. tion at Baltimore. He became drunk, wan- Yet it would be unfair to draw a hard and fast dered through the streets, and was finally line at any point. Mr. Emerson apparently taken to a hospital in an unconscious condi. intends that his work shall be interesting as tion. Later he became delirious, and finally well as important; hence he shows a fondness expired.” But here, as elsewhere, Mr. Emer- for events that combine these two elements in son's critical judgment is generally sound re- greater or less degree. There is little oppor- garding authors, as in his brief estimate of tunity for humor, but plenty for good nature Poe's genius. The Mexican War falls within . and human sympathy. Still, ope may read of this period, and its events are presented with January, 1812, that “Wellington, to use entire dispassion, as may be seen in the treat- Napier's expressive phrase, “instantly jumped ment of the battle of Buena Vista, where, as with both feet upon Ciudad Rodrigo.' And is noted, “Both sides claimed the victory. there seems to be something of a moral for the The Mexicans chanted Te Deums." " readers of to-day in the statement respecting It is in the last volume, especially in its latter the first steamboat, that “Next, the courts pages, that the most exceptions will be taken were asked for an injunction to restrain Fulton to Mr. Emerson's selection of material. He is from using his new machine on the Hudson." here obliged to rely upon newspaper informa- Wherever there has been an authoritative pre- tion in good part, and his treatment of the sentation of any part of his broad subject by Spanish War has nothing of the authority another, Mr. Emerson has gladly made use of which attends his discussion of the War be- it, duly weighing the evidence where more than tween the States. An example of his writing one side has had a hearing. at its best will be found in this extract: 6 1902.) 115 THE DIAL “On the following morning the Merrimac came out moved. Most of the remaining buildings of the Chicago into the Roads to finish her work of destruction. There World's Fair were set on fire, and other outrages com- she beheld her new antagonist (the Monitor) lying mitted. The troops repeatedly charged the mob. At . beside the Minnesota like a 'tin can on a shingle.' one time the strikers destroyed all the station yards at Lieutenant Jones commanded the Merrimac in place of the various railroads. On the 9th of July, President the wounded Buchanan. He realized at once that the Cleveland issued a proclamation practically declaring new outlandish vessel was his foremost adversary. The martial law in Chicago. The Federal courts punished day was sunny and bright, and crowds of spectators those strikers that failed to obey injunctions for con- thronged the shores to behold the great duel. After tempt of court. On July 16, the labor strike through- exchanging shots with the Minnesota, the Merrimac out the Union was practically brought to a close, and closed with the Monitor. Both vessels pounded each the House of Representatives thanked the President for other ineffectually. The Monitor's cast-iron balls broke his energetic action.” upon the armor of the Merrimac, while the Merrimac's Nothing could illustrate better than this shells burst to no purpose over the Monitor's turret. mixture of truth and falsehood the danger of After thus exchanging fire for two hours, the Merri- mac's gunners quit to save the ammunition. Manifestly relying upon sensational newspaper accounts the Monitor had an immense advantage in her superior when there are official documents fully cover- speed and maneuvring power, as well as in the greatest ing the ground. Mr. Emerson is referred to radius afforded by the revolving turret. Lieutenant the Cooper Union speech of the late Governor Worden, accordingly, resolved to ram his enemy. He missed the Merrimac by only two feet, both ships graz- John P. Altgeld, and to the report of the com- ing. The Merrimac retaliated in kind. Jones ran his mission of enquiry headed by the Hon. Carroll stem right over the Monitor's deck, the force of the D. Wright. From these he may learn that blow knocking down most of his men. Before they the Pullman strike began in May ; that many could get over the side of the ship, the Monitor glided more than 40,000 railway employees struck away from under the Merrimac. The slow speed of the Merrimac saved the Monitor. It was indeed for- late in June; that the Federal troops were tanate for Worden that the Merrimac had lost her ram sent into Illinois, for the first time in the his- on the previous day. Later the Monitor drifted into tory of the United States, without any request shoal water, and the Merrimac, unable to follow, drew from the State authorities, and that they did off. Thus the engagement ended as a drawn battle. Neither ship had been seriously injured, nor had either practically nothing to protect interstate com- lost a single man. The Monitor had been struck twenty- merce or the transmission of the mails; that two times without appreciable injury. The Merrimac, the strikers offered at all times to move the as a result of her two days' fighting, had ninety-seven mail trains; that the destruction of the World's indentations in her armor. Bloodless as this first Fair buildings has never been laid to the encounter between ironclads was, it proved one of the decisive battles of the Civil War, securing to the North strikers' door, and that none of the other the command of the sea. The demonstration of the damage, which by no means included “all the superior merits of steam power and armor protection station yards” in the city, has ever been in action was so striking that it practically sealed the brought home to the strikers in any way; that doom of the old ships." the troops did not “ repeatedly charge the A curious inadvertence is to be noted in mob,” for the excellent reason that there were the following: “While marching, the soldiers few mobs at any time during the strike; and chanted tþeir favorite song, “The Battle Cry that the government, after sentencing the of Freedom,' the tune of which is known to the leaders of the strike to imprisonment for dis- present day in America as · Marching through obeying an injunction of the court in commit- Georgia.' The closeness with which events ting a crime, abandoned voluntarily the attempt in times of peace are followed is to be seen in to prove them guilty of the identical crime on the account of the attempt of Gould and Fisk criminal prosecution-quorum omnia pars fui. to secure the Albany and Susquehanna Rail- It is to be regretted that Mr. Emerson says road, on page 1478. This is the basis of nothing of the offer of Spain to arbitrate all Messrs. Merwin and Webster's “ The Short differences with the United States previous to Line War," which was criticized on its publi- the outbreak of the recent war; and that cation for telling an impossible story. The nothing whatever is said of the several impor- account of the labor disturbances of 1894 is tant battles fought by the Filipinos against given in this language : the Spanish, by which the latter were cooped “ In the middle of June the great Pullman car strike up in Manila. Nothing is said, either, of started in Chicago. In connection with this movement President McKinley's proclamation command- 40,000 railroad employees struck in the Western States. ing the Filipino army to lay down its arms, By the beginning of July the intervention of the United which was the beginning of the war of subju- States troops was found necessary to protect interstate commerce and the transmission of the mails. Many gation; nor of the extension of the American thousands of strikers refused to allow the trains to be lines beyond the limits set by the protocol, " 6 116 [Sept. 1, THE DIAL which was the provoking cause of actual bos- actual bos- of man on every continent; and, what is bet- tilities. Nor is anything said of the provisions ter, his studies and activities have brought of the Treaty of Paris regarding the friars in about permanent good for society in more than the Philippines, which has been the cause of one direction. He was an English boy who so much of the trouble in the archipelago. came to America because it seemed to be pos- When Mr. Emerson says, discussing the “bot- sible for him to get a college education here. tling up” of Cervera's squadron in the harbor Graduating from Williams College a few years of Santiago by Schley, “ His resulting loose before the Civil War, the same eager interest tactics, it is asserted, caused him to be super- in men that led him afterwards to give years seded by Captain Sampson, his inferior in to the investigation of prison conditions in the rank,” he is in error, Sampson having been various countries of the world, led him to be- put over Schley at the outbreak of hostilities. come a clerk in a St. Louis slave-market, in The account of the war in South Africa order that he might get at the facts of slavery. and the controversies leading to it would have These facts kindled a burning hatred of the been much the gainer if Mr. Emerson had institution, and he nearly lost his life in the made himself familiar with the short history attempt to serve as an agent of the “under- written by Mr. F. W. Gooch for " The Heart ground railway" in connection with his service of the Empire.” But here the annalist may in the slave-market. He served with honor in shield himself behind his privilege of selec- the Northern army, to the permanent injury of tion, it being manifestly impossible to include his health. In his profession he was remark- everything and keep his work within practical ably successful, both at home and abroad. The bounds. Generally speaking, the “History prevalent method of resuscitation of persons . of the Nineteenth Century” is a worthy book is a worthy book seemingly drowned was worked out by him, and a valuable addition to historical literature. and is known by his name. A pleasant in WALLACE RICE. cident is recorded of his life in the remote corner of the earth which the present book describes. AN AMERICAN PHYSICIAN IN RUSSIAN “The reports of a drowning accident had caused me PRISONS.* to hurry down to the beach, where I found Dr. A. en- deavoring to resuscitate the patient. Asking him where Among the many books and articles that he had learned the method of artificial respiration he have been written upon the treatment of Rus- was employing, he told me that it was the American sian prisoners and exiles, Dr. Howard's work method, known as the direct method' of Professor Howard, and that he had learned it in St. Petersburg. is unique in that it is written from inside He was immensely astonished at finding that the person knowledge of that which it describes. As the who was showing his pleasure in the returning life of the author says in his Introduction, the ordinary patient was himself the author of the method; and from investigator labors under so many disadvan- that day onward, both in the hospital and out of it, Dr. A. treated me with as much consideration and respect tages that he cannot know the real facts; he as if I were the senior physician of the post, and he must depend upon the accounts of officials or merely an assistant." of prisoners whose statements he cannot verify; his visits are known beforehand and carefully the originator, and largely the organizer, of Dr. Howard has received the credit of being prepared for. “ But the daily routine of the the London Ambulance Service. His influence ordinary actual life of prisoners and exiles, in was strong in the same direction in Paris. His prison and out of prison, when no traveller is medical writings are highly esteemed by the near; the ordinary methods and life of the officials ; the actual working of the system in profession. During the whole of his active life its different details and departments, — these of forty years he was especially interested in the different convict systems of the world, the may be as unknown to this traveller at the study of criminology and prison reform. Gen- end of his trip as when he started. Of these O. things, seen from the inside, the English eral 0. 0. Howard says, in the Preface , that , the author went through the principal prisons speaking public is still practically ignorant." Dr. Howard has written from full personal of England, Germany, and the United States, knowledge. He has been a student of life and and through every convict prison between St. Petersburg and Siberia ; in Russia he travelled * PRISONERS OF Russia. A Personal Study of Convict many hundred miles, in hourly contact with Life in Sakhalin and Siberia. By Benjamin Howard, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.S.E. Illustrated. New York: D. Appleton five hundred exiles, by road, river, and rail. & Co. He made practical studies of the Armenians' ) 1902.] 117 THE DIAL a troubles in their midst. He went again and again into the Russian Jew question, and was twice put under arrest, utterly uncertain as to what might await him. Such is the man to whom we are indebted for this interesting and authoritative account of Russian prison ad- ministration in the most remote of her convict settlements, to which only the most hardened and depraved criminals are sent, — the bleak island of Sakhalin, out in the ocean beyond Siberia. The narrative opens with a description of Vladivostok, important as the eastern terminus of the Trans-Siberian railway, as it was ten years ago. Dr. Howard was allowed to go through every part of the prison at that place, without any opportunity having been given to prepare for his coming; and to talk freely with any of the prisoners, apart from guide or official. While there was great slackness in the administration, according to Western ideas, and abundant filth, he found no evidence of such general harshness as we have been ac- customed to associate with Russian prison ad- ministration. The combination of tact and assurance that enabled Dr. Howard to pene- trate where all others had failed to penetrate, and to get all that he wanted where others had failed to get anything, is a cause of constant admiration to the reader. He succeeded in making confidential friends at sight of chiefs of police, prison officials, governors of pro- vinces, and all others, apparently, who could be useful to him. It was not in his plans to visit Sakhalin, though he was deeply interested in the place as completing the penal system of Siberia, being the place to which the incorri- gibles were sent; but no foreigner had been allowed to visit the island, and he did not sup- pose that a way could be opened for him. But it was his good fortune to dine one evening where the Governor of the island was a guest, returning from his annual holiday trip; this official gave him a hearty invitation to be his guest for the summer, and Dr. Howard was only too glad to accept it. The descriptions of the life of the officials in their remote place of exile, as well as of the soldiers, and the convicts of various grades, are most interesting, and there are many things that would be well worth quoting if space allowed. Though there were but a few free Russians there, this very isolation brought out national or race characteristics, as well as in. dividual character, with startling clearness. One gets an insight into the religious and in- tellectual life of the average Russian that could not be gained by contact with the people under ordinary conditions. Through his pro- fession and the admiration that Dr. A. felt for him, Dr. Howard had free access to the hos- pital through his stay on the island. “While, on the one hand, Dr. A. professed that the hospital was greatly indebted to me, I, on the other hand, declared that I was much more indebted to it, there being no other spot on the island where I could so well and deeply have studied the pathology of the exile system as here, whither came everything which most deeply testified against it. On the slightest excuse every exile and convict claims his right of seeing the doctor, and it is impossible, therefore, for any cruelty or abuse of any kind whatsoever to continue long in operation without some evidence of it coming under the eye of the physician. ... Thus the doctor has his finger literally on the pulse of the physical and moral life of the whole settlement all the time. It would be too flattering to say that this hospital was my observa- tory. It was my chemical and pathological laboratory.” With this prolonged opportunity for close study of the Russian penal system among the worst convicts, in a place remote from official inspection and control, considered even in Russia to be a hell, almost out of the world, it will be a surprise to many that the conclusions of this competent observer are distinctly favor- able to its fundamental idea, as compared with the penal systems of England and America. This fundamental idea is “ the utilization of the prisoner for the highest good of the state.' “The state does not seek to punish the prisoner, but to profit by him. The segregation of the prisoner to the service of the state implies protection of society from the criminal. In accordance with the general imperial policy as described, the minute the prisoner arrives at his Siberian destination, he is asked what he can do best. If there is no pressing reason to the con- trary, he is at once employed accordingly. If he has no special skill, he is put to such work as the settle- ment most needs. Or, if the prisoner shows special capacity, he may be put under training in one of the prison shops as an apprentice. If during his probation- ary prison period he has commended himself, he is not only allowed to do the best he can for himself outside the prison under mild surveillance, but, to get started, may receive temporary help from the officials, subject to reimbursement at fixed rates. This especially applies to agricultural laborers, who receive allotments of land, clothes, rations, implements, cattle, seed, etc., for two years. This is done systematically by the state, not for the good of the prisioner, but for its own benefit. Scattered throughout Siberia, in its towns and cities, are scores of millionaires, the results of that system; and the more of these the better the Government likes it, because this all reacts to the benefit of the state. Under this system the Russian Government does not waste its murderers, but, like a wise sanitary engi- neer dealing with sewage, protects society against them by removing them and then utilizing them, so that, instead of loss, the state gets an actual profit. That there is punishment to the prisoner from first to last, 118 (Sept. 1, THE DIAL incidental to his segregation, is inevitable, but it is the language of the people, he wore their dress incidental.” he ate their food; he assisted in their councils, The cruelties of which we read, - the com- he participated in their ceremonials. When mon accounts of which Dr. Howard believes to studying an art or an industry, he was only have been generally exaggerated, though he satisfied after he had himself mastered the himself gives some very revolting instances of technique. Was it pottery ? — he must him- prison punishments of the worst grade of of- self shape a vessel ; was it weaving?— he fenders, he ascribes to the maladministration must himself fabricate a blanket; was it arrow- inevitable under an absolute government, and making?-he must himself be able to smooth under conditions of remoteness from the central the stick, to feather the shaft, to shape the authority. We commend our readers to the point. When investigating mythologies, his author's chapter on this subject, including an mystical and poetical nature came easily into elaborate comparison of results with those of rapport with those of the shamans whose cos- England and America. mogonic legends he was writing down. The book is full of interest for its vivid de- Unfortunately, Cushing wrote but little. scriptions, as well as for the information it Brief articles by him, of uneven value, are contains. One chapter tells of the punishment widely scattered through periodicals ; there are by the knout, one case of which the author, fragmentary reports of the archæological ex- alone of foreigners, saw and followed up by pedition into the Salt River Valley ; Edna hospital observation. Another chapter is on Dean Proctor's “Song of the Ancient People the physiognomy and the remorse of mur- was inspired and commentated by him. Three derers, and with ten thousand of them around papers of the highest importance appeared in him through a whole summer, Dr. Howard had annual Reports of the Bureau of Ethnology, ample material for study. C. H. COOPER. “ Zuñi Fetiches," "A Study of Pueblo Pot- tery,” ,” “Outlines of Zuñi Creation Myths.” In connection with the Pepper-Hearst Expedition, he published a “ Preliminary Report on the CUSHING AND HIS WORK AMONG THE Exploration of Ancient Key.dweller Remains ZUÑI INDIANS. * on the Gulf-coast of Florida.” The work here Mr. Cushing's life at Zuñi is perhaps the reported was one of the most startling and in- incident in American anthropological research teresting in all American archæology. In his which is best known to the general public. last years, Mr. Cushing worked in collabora- He was probably the first of our ethnologists tion with Dr. Culin, of the University of Penn- who actually took up his abode in an Indiansylvania, upon Indian games; and a report of town merely for purposes of study. In mag- their work will appear in the future. azine articles and lectures, he has himself Valuable as this work is, and considerable given us glimpses of his life at Zuñi — of his as it would be for an ordinary investigator, it reception by the kindly old governor, of his is small in comparison with the enormous mass experiences with his fellow-townsmen, of his of material which Cushing must have gathered adoption into their priesthoods. Other writers during his years of industry, the greater part from time to time have given further details ; of which will probably never see the light. among the most interesting of these descrip-We are grateful, then, in a special degree, for tions is an article entitled “ An Aboriginal the fact that some of that material, left almost Pilgrimage,” in which the journey of the ready for publication by the author, now ap- Zuñi priests to the Ocean of Sunrise is de-pears as a handsome book under the title of lightfully chronicled. Few persons, however, · Zuñi Folk-Tales.” It has been published have ever realized fully the hardships and under the care of an editorial committee, of trials and disease which the earnest investi. which Dr. F. W. Hodge is the active member. gator suffered in pursuing his investigations. It is a worthy memorial of Cushing, the man Did time and space permit, we would gladly and the student. An excellent portrait of him sketch Cushing's life-work; but we can only forms the frontispiece; an introduction by refer to a few points. The work Cushing did Major Powell follows ; then come thirty-three was preëminently practical. At Zuñi, he spoke stories ; a dozen capital scenes at Zuñi and pictures of Pueblo life are scattered through * ZUÑI FOLK-TALEs. Recorded and translated by Frank Hamilton Cushing. With introduction by J. W. Powell, the volume. Paper, print, and binding are of New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. the best. > 1902.) 119 THE DIAL > - The stories themselves are not the great read, or by whatever readers, it will increase legends of the tribe. They are not the cos- knowledge of, and sympathy for, those simple mogonic story, nor the migration legend, nor Zuñi folk with whom Cushing lived and whom the hero myth, — though cosmogonic and mi- he loved. The general reader does not wish gration and hero elements occur in them. They annotation : the scientific investigator will sup- are rather the simple, every-day, popular tales. ply his own. One story of the collection, Many of them deal with the twin heroes, “ the indeed, is reprinted from the “ Journal of , beloved twain "; their adventures in destroying American Folk-lore"; it is told for the sci- monsters, in freeing captives, in making love, entist, and has Cushing's own notes. It has are favorite popular themes. Others are coyote its value, but its simplicity, its charm, its soul, stories; this animal, at once cunning and a are lost in the preparation of it for the scien- fool, is always trying to imitate others, and tific reader only. We can but be glad that the always getting into difficulty. In these animal others are not annotated ; that they speak more tales, considerable shrewdness and keen obser- to the heart and less to the mind; that they vation of animal life and character are shown. appeal first to the man, and then to the scholar. Other stories tell of the adventures of poor and Such a form of narration is the most fitting in neglected youths or maidens, and of warriors a book which is to stand before the world as a bold. monument to Frank Hamilton Cushing. Naturally, one of the great values of the FREDERICK STARR. collection is the light that is incidentally thrown by it upon the life of the people to whom it relates. Modes of hunting, dress, fondness for ornament, tools, weapons, implements, forms THE WAY TO SOCIAL SALVATION.* of civility, modes of courting, - these and a hundred other ethnographic facts are brought and lack of fellowship is hell: ... Therefore, “Forsooth, brothers, fellowship is heaven, out. A second value of the collection is the I bid you not dwell in hell, but in heaven; or opportunity it gives for comparison with other while ye must, upon earth, which is a part of tales ; this is equally great, whether we see in such resemblances evidence of contact or a heaven, and forsooth no foul part.” Thus did common origin, or merely exemplification of W William Morris, in the year 1889, voice the the uniform action of the human mind every gospel of the twentieth century; which, upon . where when similar conditions are presented. close examination, is found to bear a striking resemblance to that of the first. It was not so Some resemblances in these Zuñi tales to stories told elsewhere are fairly startling, and raise long ago that the works of Dr. Samuel Smiles were held to contain the best possible advice many interesting questions. Lastly, these for the coming generation, and the young man stories give glimpses of racial psychology. And here the simplicity and directness of Cushing's States was eligible for the presidency. Even was reminded that every citizen of the United transcription is important. Interesting indeed to-day we are constantly assured of the truth are the runs, or formal phrases, which recur th again and again, but especially at the beginning it is not explained how the top would remain “there is always room, at the top,” though and end of tales. The poetical strain which elevated if the bottom rose as advised. Yet runs through many, and the bold employment the times are changing, and human society is of metaphor and other figures, are delightful. Constantly, too, we gain a knowledge of the coming to realize that it is something more , animistic ideas of the Indian and of his mon- than an aggregation of individuals. The social sters, divine beings, etc. instincts, which have necessarily existed from The editor of the volume has wisely omitted the beginning of the species, are being increas- comment and explanation. Notes and sug- ingly supplemented by the social intelligence, and thus mankind seems in a fair way to learn gestions, unless Cushing's own, would have fitted badly. As it stands, the book will ap- * DEMOCRACY AND SOCIAL ETHICS. By Jane Addams. New York: The Macmillan Co. peal to two sets of readers. Many will read SOCIAL SALVATION. By Washington Gladden. Boston: it for itself; for it has a quaintness, a flavor, Houghton, Mifflin & Co. a charm, and a character that warrant its gen- THE LEVEL OF SOCIAL MOTION. By Michael A. Lane. eral reading. It will be read by the student New York: The Macmillan Co. for its folk-lore content and its ethnographic Arthur Cleveland Hall. New York: The Columbia Uni- CRIME IN ITS RELATION TO SOCIAL PROGRESS. By importance. And for whatever reason it is versity Press (Macmillan Co., agents), 120 (Sept. 1, THE DIAL babe so young 9 how to use that sharp two-edged tool with first place, the public, anxious to praise what it recog- which he has so often cut his fingers. nizes as an undoubted moral effort often attended with The works before us illustrate the relation real personal sacrifice, joyfully seizes upon this mani- festation and overpraises it, recognising the philan- between supply and demand. They have not thropist as an old friend in the paths of righteousness, been written, like popular novels, to amuse the whereas the others are strangers and possibly to be public and enrich the authors. Their purpose distrusted as aliens. It is easy to confuse the response is serious, and they have all cost more labor, no to an abnormal number of individual claims with the doubt, than can be fairly recompensed by any morality is often mistaken for a social morality, and response to the social claim. An exaggerated personal possible financial returns. Nevertheless, they until it attempts to minister to a social situation its are the articulate expression of a widespread total inadequacy is not discovered.” cry, “ What shall we do to be saved ?” They Dr. Gladden, in “Social Salvation," pub- are characteristic of the twentieth century, - lishes a series of lectures which were delivered if we may venture to see characteristics in a in March of the present year before the stu- dents of the Divinity School of Yale Univer- Though comparisons are often unfair, we sity. The lectures are addressed to men who think it not amiss to say at the outset that are preparing for the ministry; but Dr. Glad- Miss Jane Addams's “ Democracy and Social " Democracy and Social den justly considers that they will be found no Ethics” is by far the best book of the lot. It less interesting to the lay public. The subjects is, what the others are not, a study at close are seven : “Religion and the Social Question," range; and yet it has not the common fault of “ The Care of the Poor," " The State and the such studies, of lacking a philosophic ground. Unemployed,” “Our Brothers in Bonds," work. Miss Addams knows her people as “Social Vices," “ Public Education," " The individuals, yet never loses sight of their rela- Redemption of the City.” As might be ex- tionship to society. If we may venture to pected, the style is clear and forcible, and there formulate her remedy for existing social evils, are many passages worth remembering. Per. we may say perhaps that it is to give each in. haps the following is the most significant of dividual such knowledge of and concern for the tenor of the work, and of the tendencies his social status as he now has for his indi- we have referred to: vidual status. By social status we here mean “ The truth is that Democracy, with universal suf- not his rank in society, — not, in short, the frage, is our dispensation; we are in for it, and we must way society treats him, but the way he but the way he fight it out along that line; if we are to be saved at all, we must be saved by the people; if we are to be re- treats society, his utility and efficiency therein. formed, the reform must spring from the intelligent By thus shifting and broadening his interests, choice of the people; it must express their wishes; the the pyramid, which formerly stood upon its notion that by some sort of hocus-pocus we can get apex, is placed securely on its base, and that society reformed without letting the people know it with no loss of individuality. If anyone does undoubtedly haunt the brains of some astute political promoters, but it will not work." doubts the last statement, let him consider the case of Miss Addams herself. Educational And again : methods are criticised because of their failure “The city of the future which we saw in our dream to give the ordinary workman an understanding good, and in order that the coöperation may be effect- is simply a great community coöperative for the public of the meaning of his work. ive, the people must know what is good and how to “The man in the factory, as well as the man with the coöperate. And this involves a mighty change in the hoe, has a grievance beyond being overworked and dis- characters of multitudes of them!” inberited, in that he does not know what it is all Dr. Gladden, like Miss Addams, finds fault about. . . . If a workingman is to have a conception of bis value at all, he must see industry in its unity and with the social conduct of persons who in pri- entirety; he must have a conception that will include vate affairs are above reproach. He says: not only himself and his immediate family and com- “ The thoroughgoing partisanship of the reputable munity, but the industrial organisation as a whole.” people is another prime cause of bad government. The We may perhaps leave the book with one more great majority of moral and upright citizens can be re- lied on to vote the regular ticket if Beelzebub is the significant quotation. nominee. This infatuation affects deacons and elders • It is as yet most difficult for us to free ourselves of churches, Sunday-school superintendents, staid pro- from the individualistic point of view sufficiently to fessional men, great multitudes of citizens who are on group events in their social relations and to judge fairly most other subjects tolerably sane. those who are endeavoring to produce a social result Yet, with all this, one does not feel that Dr. through all the difficulties of associated action. The philanthropist still finds his path much easier than do Gladden has been able entirely to free himself those who are attempting a social morality. In the from a certain bias of caste; he seems, as it . 60 1902.] 121 THE DIAL were, to remain elevated in his pulpit, looking but is quite unable to make sense of it. The over the heads of his people rather than meet- author appears to be sincere and diligent, and ing them face to face. Perhaps this impres- of course incidentally says many things which sion would not have arisen except by contrast are true; but we think he has built him a house with Miss Addams's simply direct and frankly of gossamer. Democratic book ; but the following passage is Dr. A. C. Hall, in his “ Crime in its Rela- illustrative of the attitude referred to: tion to Social Progress," defines a crime as “There are always, in such times [of depression of “any act or omission to act, punished by society trade), individuals who have a little money and much as a wrong against itself.” A sin, therefore, good-will, and who feel called upon to give liberally to the relief funds to be administered by certain charities. is not necessarily a crime, nor is a crime in. It would be better if they would begin some enterprise variably a sin ; moreover, a crime must be an 1 of repair or improvement upon their houses or their offense that is punished, not merely threatened grounds and would set idle men at work upon it, pay- with punishment by statute. From this con- ing out as wages what they intend to give in charity. ception of crime, which is endorsed by the best If the work is not greatly needed, it will be a far greater benefaction to furnish it than to bestow alms authorities, it follows that it cannot exist except upon idle laborers. In view of the fact that the work in organized societies, and that it increases is not needed, the wages offered may fairly be less than with civilization. All progressive societies are those paid in flush times, and the trade-unions, in such continually creating new crimes, and the num- cases, should relax their demands. Thus there is an economic adjustment, and the man of good-will serves ber of persons violating the law is thereby in. himself as well as his neighbor by getting his work creased. For example, in England numbers done more cheaply in the hard times. of people are now annually arrested for cruelty Mr. M. A. Lane's “ The Level of Social to animals, not sending their children to school, Motion " is, as its sub-title indicates, “ an in- and not complying with the vaccination act,- quiry into the future conditions of human crimes which were unimaginable as such not society.” In the course of ten chapters the long ago. Dr. Hall therefore insists that we author discusses at great length such subjects should regard the increase of " criminals,” not as “ The Flow of Moral Energy,” “ Organism with alarm, but actually as a sign of social and Environment,” “The Increment of Psychic health and progress. We may look forward Capacity,” “Social Kinetics,” “The Law of to a time when crime will be unknown owing Capitalization,” and so forth, hinting every to the perfect socialization of every individual; now and then at a law which he has discovered but in the meanwhile — and it must be a long which will shed a flood of light on the intricate while - progress toward this ideal condition is questions considered. In Chapter XI. at last necessarily accompanied by friction, manifest- we read,“ the time has now come to lay before ing itself as crime. For the rest, the bulk of the reader the supreme conclusion of our the book consists of an interesting historical theory.” This conclusion is, that the human study of crime; a little too like a scrap-book, population of the earth is moving with acceler. we think, wbile some of the stories of animal ating force toward a mean, or normal number, crimes are likely to afford merriment to the which, when once reached, can never again be scoffer. T. D. A. COCKERELL. disturbed.” This is explained by the suppo- sition that as wealth is generally diffused, in- telligence will become universal; and as it is BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. supposed that an increased use of the brain That the world moves is never more A Frenchman's checks fertility, the race will begin to diminish vividly impressed upon us than when in numbers. Hereupon, however, the most London, 1725-30. reading the memoirs of our ances- fertile individuals will be preserved by natural tors; and if we find evidence of its amelioration as selection, and the result will be an increased well, so much the more gratifying. César de Saus- but more stupid population. This increase, sure, a native of Lausanne, whither his family had however, will again be checked by the demand fled to escape religious persecution in Louis XIV.'s which will arise for intelligent mates, and sexual reign, was early filled with a curiosity to see the selection will restore the equilibrium. This is world, and set out on his travels at the age of a very brief statement of the author's position, don, at the close of George I.'s reign and the open- twenty. Five years were spent in and near Lon. but we hope it is accurate. For his own part, ing of that of George II. The young traveller's the writer of these lines can only say that he letters, hitherto unpublished, have been drawn upon has given many hours to the study of the book, for a chatty and picturesque “ Foreign View of En- and has read the “ supreme conclusion ” twice, gland in the Reigns of George I. and George II.” i to letters from 122 (Sept. 1, THE DIAL The last essays (Dutton). Madame Van Muyden, the translator The discussion of the relation of optics to thermo- and editor, is by marriage a great-great-grand dynamics and to the kinetic theory of gases serves daughter of the letter-writer. The fact that Vol- not only to illustrate the interrelations of the sci- taire borrowed these letters of travel from their ences, but also to demonstrate the virility with writer, read them, and praised them as both enter- which this domain of science has been exploited. taining and useful, is their sufficient endorsement. There is nothing better in English, or in any other The state of English society revealed by them is language, which gives in such small compass so full not exactly calculated to make one a praiser of the and complete a presentation of the science of mod. past. The young foreigner witnessed the hanging ern optice. The book is written for the physicist, of the notorious Jonathan Wild, an execution that and presupposes a knowledge of differential and was regretted by many good people on the ground integral calculus. In the preface to the translation, that they should thenceforth have no one to whom Professor Michelson states that no one who desires to go to recover their stolen property at half its to gain an insight into the most modern aspects of value, — this system of money-raising on stolen optical research can afford to be unfamiliar with goods having been brought to a state of perfection this remarkably original and consecutive presenta- by the robber-captain. Criminals were executed tion of the subject of optics. every six weeks at Tyburn, in batches of five, ten, and even fifteen. Popular amusements were of a Charles Dudley Warner's last vol- most degrading character. Water, although aban- ume of essays (Dodd) will bring of C. D. Warner. dant and good, was unknown as a beverage, says pleasure to countless readers, glad the author. More grain is said to have been used of an opportunity to have him discourse to them for beer than for bread. An especially entertain- once more with all his old-time grace and lucidity. ing chapter is devoted to the coronation of George The title of the book, “Fashions in Literature," II. and Queen Caroline. The coronation proces- taken from the opening essay, is hardly represen- sion was composed of seventy-two divisions and was tative. Many of the papers were originally ad- of unprecedented “pomp and magnificence.” A dresses, and their topics are more often social than curious after-piece to the banquet at Westminster literary. The education of the negro, the charac- Hall was the letting in of the populace after the teristics of the American newspaper, the proper invited guests had dined and departed. The result disposition of criminals, the civic ideals we should was the speedy disappearance, not only of every- strive toward and the national conditions we must thing eatable and drinkable, but of all things mov- face, the relation of literature to the stage and of able as well, including the tables and benches. truth to literature, — all these diverse matters are Nine illustrations and a map, from contemporary discussed with characteristic lightness of touch and sources, add to the value and interest of this highly suggestive largeness of view. Most of the papers readable volume. So well, too, has the translator belong to the closing years of a long and full life, done her part that the reader is reminded of his but there is no trace in them of the acerbity or dis- debt to her only by the title-page and the preface. illusionment of age. Instead, we find genial humor, unfailing but not unreasoning optimism, and infec- The absence of any advanced text tious enthusiasm for the best in American life and The science of in the English language which em- modern optics. letters; and we close the book with a sense of bodies all lines of progress in recent widened reach and deepened insight that it is within years in the field of theoretical and experimental the gift of few American men of letters to impart. optics has led Professors C. R. Mann and R. A. Millikan of the University of Chicago to bring “The man who publishes a book out a translation of Drude's “ Theory of Optics The art of without an index ought to be damned index-making. (Longmans). The great merit of this work lies in ten miles beyond Hell, where the the fact that it includes an authoritative presenta- Devil could not get for stinging-nettles.” Such tion of the results of original work in the past was the opinion of John Baynes, as quoted in Mr. decade in this field of physics, by a leader in the Henry B. Wheatley's volume on "How to Make science. Indeed, the book itself, in the section an Index” (London : Elliot Stock); and those who devoted to physical optics, contains some original have frequent occasion to refer to indexless books hypotheses of the author. We find here, for the will be apt to endorse the imprecation. Mr. Wheat- first time in English, a satisfactory presentation of ley's work is issued as the final volume in “The “ the theory of optical instruments as elaborated by Book-Lover's Library,” and forms, we should say, Abbe and his followers. In the department of the most needed and useful title in this attractive physical optics, the author sets forth very fully the series. The practical directions as to index-making, electromagnetic theory as to the nature of light. occupying about half the book, are the result of The ion-hypothesis of Helmholtz is adopted as the long experience, and contain suggestions which simplest, most intelligible, and most consistent way even the expert will find profitable. The remain- of presenting dispersion, absorption, and rotary ing chapters are semi-historical in character, deal- polarization, as well as magneto-optical phenomena ing with such subjects as “ Amusing and Satirical and the optical properties of bodies in motion. Indexes," “ The Bad Indexer,” and “The Good > 1902.] 128 THE DIAL literature. Indexer.” Both in the practical and historical undertaken only by a person of broad and cosmo- sections, Mr. Wheatley contrives to write entertain- | politan spirit who could judge both human beings ingly. Among the examples which he cites of ludi- and monarchs. The author of the present book, crous blunders in index-making there appears the F. Gerard, manifests none of these qualifications. It famous one of is the product apparently of a “ Kammerjungfer," “Mill on Liberty, with all her worshipful and tremulous awe of titles, on the Floss," her interest in costumes and tittle-tattle, her igno- and also one, more recent, of the same kind,- rance of literature and the deep interests of indi- 'Patti, Adelina, viduals and nations, and her abominable English. Oyster, Quotation-marks around pet words, italics for others, though for this latter Mr. Wheatley does not vouch. French and German words unnecessarily introduced There is also quoted that time-honored entry of and elaborately explained, commonplace informa- “ Best (Mr. Justice), his great mind," supposed to tion conscientiously injected into parentheses and be a reference to the passage “ Mr. Justice Best foot-notes, and everywhere the showman's "Let us said that he had a great mind to commit the man next” and the fondly cherished editorial “We,” for trial.” The closing chapter of the book is a all these could be forgiven if only there were some well-argued plea in behalf of a general or universal strong quality to compensate. Anna Amalia does index, in the course of which Mr. W beatley pays just not lack heroic and pathetic elements, but they are tribute to the memory of Dr. W.F. Poole, greatest not here. Her daily life would have been an inter- of American indexers. The volume concludes, as esting study in the court manners of the eighteenth it should, with an index which stands as a model century, but it is not here. Her relations with of the author's precepts. Goethe and Schiller are more interesting than those The history of England during the with Wieland though loss intimate; but these also A history of fateful seventeenth century has ever are not here. The court of the Grand Duchess has Cromwell's army. been a subject of perennial interest, . been a subject of perennial interest, yet to be described in all its more interesting and but it is only in our own time that modern methods vital features. of historical research are gradually giving final shape to that history. Mr. C. H. Firth, whose life A compilation The flood of Napoleon literature of Napoleonic continues unabated, as is shown by of Cromwell is rightly praised as the work of a the publishers' lists of the current real historian, has followed it up by “Cromwell's season. Among these books are some of originality Army: A History of the English Soldier during the and importance, neither of which qualities can be Civil Wars, the Commonwealth, and the Protec- attributed to Mr. Charles Josselyn's “ The True torate; being the Ford Lectures delivered in the Napoleon, a Cylopedia of the Events of his Life” University of Oxford in 1900–1” (James Pott & (R. H. Russell). Yet the work is not without Co.). Mr. Firth is a civilian, but he found that he interest. It is made up of a great number of para- could not study the history of the Great Rebellion graphs taken from well-known books and woven without studying the military history as much as together into four chapters, each dealing with a the political or the religious history. After showing portion of Napoleon's life. There is the semblance the utter inefficiency of the armies and the military of narrative, the author from whom the paragraph organization of the earlier part of the century, he is connection of substance, is of the army as remodelled by Cromwell. As is While the book cannot but be full of interesting necessary in treating of this army alone, there are things, its main value would seem to be in furnish- chapters on Religion in the Army and Politics in ing desultory reading for those who already have the Army. The work is a real contribution to the knowledge of Napoleon's life and work. The history of the period. book is beautifully made and illustrated. Court of the The expectations aroused by the title Grand Duchoss “ A Grand Duchess and her Court” We are much pleased with Mr. Julian of Sare-Weimar. (Dutton) are doubly disappointed. W. Abernethy's “American Liter- Without seeing the sub-title, “And the Classical ature," a school text-book just pub- Circle of Weimar,” even the semi-initiated knew lished by Messrs. Maynard, Merrill & Co. A that the particular duchess was Anna Amalia or manual of this sort cannot help being repetitious, Louise of Saxe-Weimar. The handsome outfitting and must follow the lines made familiar by its of the two large volumes was a confirmation of many predecessors. The present work can claim the anticipated treat. But alas, for a lost opporta- nothing particularly original in treatment or meth- nity! To portray the court of Saxe-Weimar in its od, but it may be cordially commended for its excel- best estate was a task challenging the highest grade lence of proportion and for its sound and conserv- of critical, historical, and literary skill. It could ative critical judgments. As far as it has distinctive not be done well without an intimate knowledge features, they are to be found in the increased and appreciation of the great German authors who attention given to recent writers, in its happy corre- frequented that court, and it ought to have been lation of literature with history, and in the extensive gives us an elaborate and authoritative discussion lieliek en being noted in the margin; but there is New text-book of American literature. 124 (Sept. 1 THE DIAL a 9 » lists of books and selections provided for illustrative “Some of the Rhymes of Ironquill," a volume con- reading. The use of actual illustrations in the way siderably expanded from earlier editions, but still lead- of extracts is also to be commended. These, al. ing off with the ridiculous doggerel of “The Washer- though fairly numerous, are brief, and merely woman's Song,” is published by Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons. These rhymes, as is now generally known, are stimulative to further reading on the part of the the product of Mr. Eugene F. Ware, of Topeka, whose student. recent appointment to a federal position by President Roosevelt was probably meant in good faith to be an BRIEFER MENTION. official recognition of American literature, and will doubtless add not a little to the vogue of the rhyme- “ The Grimm Library,” published in London by Mr. ster. Although these efforts have, in fact, no relation David Nutt, is a series of scholarly studies of literary whatever to literature, they constitute an entertaining origins, mostly by young and ambitious investigators. sort of grimly humorous journalism, and our only The several volumes deal, among other subjects, with quarrel with them is that innocent readers here and the Perseus legends, the Cachallin Story, the legends there may take them to be a form of poetry. of Sir Gawain and Sir Lancelot, and the home of the Mr. F. Hopkinson Smith is, it seems, already an Eddic poems. This latter work, by the way, is by no "author" in the sense of attaining to a standard less a scholar than Herr Sophus Bugge, and the trans- library edition of his complete writings. It is a sub- lation is by Mr. W. H. Schofield. The latest addition scription edition, in ten volumes, styled the “ Beacon,” to the series is a study of the epic theme of a combat (which befits a “maker" who alternates between light- between fatber and son. It is entitled “ Sohrab and house and literature), and is published by Messrs. Rustem,” is written by Mr. Murray Anthony Potter, Charles Scribner's Sons. There are illustrations in and was prepared as a thesis for the Harvard doctorate. color, a portrait, and several stories hitherto unpub- A “Companion to English History (Middle Ages),” lished in book form. “Caleb West,” “ Laguerre's and by Mr. Francis Pierrepont Barnard, is a book that Well-Worn Roads," « Colonel Carter," and “A White teachers and students alike will find of great helpful- Umbrella in Mexico " are the four volumes now at ness in their work. There are twelve sections, each hand, and the other six will follow in rapid succession. the work of an eminent special authority. Among Dr. Willard Clark Gore is the author of a mono- them may be mentioned “ Ecclesiastical Architecture,” graph on “ The Imagination in Spinoza and Hume," by the Rev. Arthur Galton ; “Costume, Military and published in the “University of Chicago Contributions Civil,” by Mr. A. Hartshorne ; “Town Life," by to Philosophy." The object of the work, says the Miss Lucy Toulmin Smith; “ Monasticism," by the writer, “is to make a specific test, or at least to find Rev. Augustus Jessopp; “Learning and Education, an illustration, of the general proposition that philoso- by Mr. R. S. Rait; and “Heraldry,” by the editor. | phy, or metaphysics, and psychology form a logical Each section bas a bibliography, and the whole work partnership, or organic unity, which cannot be ignored is illustrated by nearly a hundred full-page plates. or dissolved without impairing interests that each holds The Oxford Clarendon Press (Mr. Henry Frowde) to be peculiarly its own." The interest of this theme, publishes this important educational work. combined with Mr. Gore's attractive and lucid hand- Rossetti and Rembrandt are the subjects of the first ling, makes the study one of much value. two volumes in the “ Popular Library of Art,” edited Mr. Edwyn Robert Bevar is the latest of translators by Mr. Edward Garnett and published in this country to attempt the “ Prometheus Bound” of Æschylus, and by Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. The volumes are of his version appears in a simply sumptuous octavo, with pocket size, attractively made and liberally illustrated. wide margins, from the press of Messrs. Ballantyne, The treatment is mainly critical, with no more attention Hanson & Co., with the publisher's imprint of Mr. to biographical facts than is necessary. In the volume David Nutt. The translator contributes a brief preface on Rossetti, Mr.Ford M. Hueffer makes an effort to treat and a lengthy introduction. In the former he explains bis difficult subject impartially, and succeeds fairly that the Elizabethan drama, the English Bible, and well. In spite of a style which is too often careless, the Miltonic epic have been, in a sense, the models for the essay is perhaps as good a critical account, in small his guidance — truly a wise and well-considered choice. compass, of Rossetti's art-work as we now have. The Certainly he has produced a vigorous and dignified illustrations include several interesting sketches not version of “the most sublime poem in the world". hitherto reproduced except in Mr. Marillier's costly version that will at least compare favorably with any volume. M. Auguste Bréal's essay on Rembrandt is of its rivals. illustrated entirely from the artist's etchings and “ The Ancestor," a new periodical publication of original drawings in the British Museum. English origin, for which the Messrs. Lippincott are “The Teaching of History and Civics in the Elemen- the American agents, starts out with an issue dated tary and Secondary School,” by Professor Henry E. April, to be a quarterly review; but the single number Bourne, is a volume of the “American Teachers' is in fact a handsome volume of large octavo size, Series" published by Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co. bound in substantial boards. Considering the illustra- It is a much-needed volume, and its scope is com- tions and the well-nigh sumptuous character of the mensurate with the importance of a subject which is paper and print, the price of a dollar and a half per only just coming to its own in our educational pro- part is surprisingly moderate. Among the contrib- grammes. The work has two sections, the first being on utors, most of whom are titled, the name of Mr. J. “ The Study and Teaching of History,” and the second Horace Round figures no less than four times in the on “ The Course of Study.” The second part, in par- first table of contents, which promises well for the his- ticular, is full of direct practical usefulness to the torical scholarship of the undertaking. Upwards of a teacher on account of its syllabi and its bibliographies. score of full-page plates, besides others in the text, We can commend this work very highly. constitute the illustrations of this volume. 1 ling & a - a 1902.] 125 THE DIAL " ) 9 66 boy 6 NOTES. The popularity still enjoyed by the Rev. S. Baring- Gould's “Vicar of Morwenstow" is attested by an “ A Manual of Instruction in the Principles of "eighth edition” (Whittaker). Aside from the pleas- Prompt Aid to the Injured," by Dr. Alvah H. Doty, is ing features of the book, its value as a biography now published in its fourth revised edition by the can perhaps be estimated by striking a mean between Messrs. Appleton. the high praise with which the “Saturday Review Mr. Edward Atherton has edited for “ Appletons' greeted its first appearance, and the scathing conden- Home Reading Books a summary of “ The Adven- nation it met with from “The Athepæum." tures of Marco Polo," with comments pertinent and Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. publish “ The Home otherwise, and illustrations. Aquarium," by Mr. Eugene Smith. This book gives « Meteorite Studies," by Mr. Oliver Cummings Far- simple practical directions for keeping the common rington, and “A Contribution to the Ichthyology of fauna and flora of our lakes and streams, as well as for Mexico," by Mr. Seth Eugene Meek, are recent pub- the determination of their species. For those whose lications of the Field Columbian Museum. ambition rises above a globe of goldfish it is just the “ Jack Sheppard” and “ Rookwood," each in two vol- book needed. umes, and “Flitch of Bacon," in one, are recent addi- Professor Earle W. Dow has made a translation, tions to the “ Windsor " edition of W. H. Ainsworth's which is published by Messrs. Henry Holt & Co., of novels, published by the J. B. Lippincott Co. the chapter on “ The Feudal Régime" in the “ Histoire “ Ezekiel,” edited by Dr. O. C. Whitehouse, and Générale" of MM. Lavisse and Rambeaud. This chap- “ Jeremiah and “ Lamentations,” edited by Mr. E. ter is the work of Professor Charles Seignobos, and in Tyrell Green, are the latest volumes of the “ Temple nowise suffers from its present detachment. Bible,” published by the J. B. Lippincott Co. Mr. William Frederick Harvey has translated from “Hymns of the Faith" is the English title given by the Danish, and Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. have pub- Mr. Albert J. Edmunds to his translation of the “Dham- lished, the learned treatise of Dr. Christopher Nyrop mapada,” made from the Pâli dialect of Sanskrit, and upon “ The Kiss and its History," It is an instructive now published by the Open Court Publishing Co. book, and also an entertaining one, prefaced by a warn- Preprints from the forthcoming “Decennial Publi- ing as to the danger of even reading about kisses," cations of the University of Chicago" are coming to which is not likely, we fancy, to make any roader close us every few days. The latest of them is a masterly the volume for fear of being led astray. study of “Credit,” by Professor J. Laurence Laughlin, We are indebted to a correspondent in Japan, Mr. a quarto pamphlet of twenty-eight pages. E. W. Clement, for the following interesting paragraph: A revised edition of Messrs. Herrick and Damon's “ It is generally supposed that languages, like poets, “Composition and Rbetoric for Schools” has just been are born, not made '; and that the changes in a lan- published by Messrs. Scott, Foresman & Co. The mod- guage come, not artificially, but naturally. But we are ifications are in the direction of simplification, but the now treated to the spectacle of an attempt to effect a substance of the earlier edition remains intact. tremendous reform in a language, many centuries old, An important novel dealing with the careers of Lewis by legislative enactment. And the nation which is and Clark, and their great expedition, will be published making this apparently foolish and useless attempt is in November by Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co. Neither Japan, wbich has already often startled the world by its marvellous reforms. And if its wonderful success author nor title has yet been announced, but the work is understood to be from the pen of a well-known writer in legislative reforms in other lines are any criterion in From the Library of Congress we have a useful this case, it will succeed in effecting much-needed re- “ List of References on Reciprocity," compiled by Mr. form in its language. At the last session of the Imperial A. P. C. Griffin. Books, periodical references, and con- Diet of Japan, a sum of money was appropriated for a gressional documents upon the subject are catalogued linguistic commission.' This was appointed in the in three lists, and the whole is supplemented by an spring of this year, has held several meetings, and has already arrived at some decisions. It has been decided, index of authors. for instance, that a phonographic script' is to be em- « Harold's Discussions " is the fifth volume of the ployed; but the much discussed question, whether it “Nature-Study Readers” prepared by Mr. J. W. shall be the common Japanese kana (syllabic charac- Troeger and Miss Edna Beatrice Troeger, and pub- ters) or Roman letters is still on the docket. It is also lished by the Messrs. Appleton. The chapters are concerned with elementary geology, physiography, proposed to reduce the number of Chinese idiographs in common use. Moreover, the differences between the astronomy, and biology. The presentation of the mat- written and the spoken language are to be abolished; ter is simple and attractive. and the formal epistolary style is to be reformed. It The American Book Co. are the publishers of a new bas also been decided that the whole system of Japanese set of school geographies, two in number, which are the work of Mr. H. Justin Roddy. They are, respec- etymology must be carefully revised.' Even the problem of local dialects' is to be attacked, and a tively, “ Elementary” and “Complete,” and aim at a standard dialect fixed.' It is noticeable that the com- more simplified treatment of the subject than is found mission is not afflicted with trepidity, but is proceeding in most school books upon this subject. with the utmost courage to attack the most difficult “Schiller's Einfluss auf Grillparzer, by Mr. 0. E. problems. It is composed of some of the most practical, Lessing, and “The Time Elements of the Orestean as well as the most scholarly, men of the Empire; and Trilogy," by Mr. Jonathan Bayley Browder, are two its work will be watched with the deepest interest, both additions to the “Philology and Literature Series " of at home and abroad. And the great changes already the University of Wisconsin. Both are doctoral dis- effected in the Japanese language since the country was sertations, and both are creditable to their authors and opened are some warrant for believing that this com- to the institution whence they proceed. mission will achieve a measure of success.” 6 9 126 (Sept. 1, THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 40 titles, includes books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] pp. 257. TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. September, 1902. Abyssinia, A Trip through. W. F. Whitehouse. Scribner. Adams, Charles Kendall, The Late. Review of Reviews. Aerography. Percival Lowell. Popular Science. Aeronaut, How I Became an. Santos Dumont. McClure. Agricultural Prosperity, Diffusion of. Review of Reviews. Americans in Europe as seen from a Consulate. No. Amer. Arid Regions, Ancient Civilizations in. North American. Autumn Thoughts. Edward Thomas. Atlanıic. Betting, Twofold Cause of. A, T. Hadley. Century. Black Men, Training of. W. E. B. Du Bois. Atlantic. Black, William, Edward Fuller. Atlantic. Books, Giving of. By the author of " Elizabeth.” Century. Canadian Northwest, Migration to. Cy Warman. Rev. of Rev. Casanova at Dux. Arthur Symons. North American. Catskills, Midsummer in the. John Burroughs. Century. Colombia, Situation in. E. A. Morales. North American. Cooley, Julia, Poetry of. R. Le Gallienne. Harper. Cuban Reciprocity. W. A. White. McClure. Democracy and Society. Vida D. Scudder. Atlantic. Education, Higher, National Standard in. Atlantic. Eels and the Eel Question. M. C. Marsh. Popular Science. Empress Dowager, Visit to the. Belle V. Drake. Century. England after Salisbury, Political Situation in. Rev. of Revs. Equatorial Islands, Our. James D. Hague. Century. Expositions, Management and Uses of. G.F. Kunz. N. Am. Farmer, American proved Condition of. Rev of Reviews. Farmer's Balance Sheet for 1902. W.R. Draper. Rev. of Rev. Garden, Fall Work in. E. E. Rexford. Lippincott. Gem-Engraving, Epochs of. M. Sommerville. Harper. 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With Illustrations by Walter Appleton With 16 full-page illustrations by five Clark. $1.50. artists. $1.50. - - CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, NEW YORK 180 (Sept. 16, THE DIAL UNKNOWN MEXICO 9 A record of five years' exploration among the tribes of the western Sierra Madre; in the Tierra Caliente of Tepic and Jalisco and among the Tarrascos of Michoacan. By CARL LUMHOLTZ, M.A., Member of the Royal Society of Science of Norway, author of “ Among Cannibals," etc. In two elaborate volumes of 900 pages, illustrated with artistic treatments of 250 photographs taken by DR. LUMHOLTZ, together with 16 plates lithographed in full color, all illustrating the ex- plorer's remarkable discoveries. THE most important contribution of many years to the literature of exploration and discovery on the American con- graphical Society, and this is the full story of his discovery of the Tarahumare cave-dwellers, and of his interesting and invaluable experiences while living among them. In two volumes, $12.00 net (carriage extra). ALL THE RUSSIAS Travels and Studies in Contemporary European Russia, Finland, Siberia, the Caucasus and Central Asia. By HENRY NORMAN, M.P., Author of " The Peoples and Politics of the Far East," “ The Real Japan," etc. HIS long expected and very important work is now at last published, after several years of initial labor, in addition to re-writings and revisions which have delayed it, in the publishers' hands, for more than a year longer. It has much more than doubled in size and importance over its projected scope, and may be fairly considered the authority upon Russia and the enormous problems with which she fronts the world. With over 100 illustrations. $4.00 net (postage, 26 cts.). THIS THROUGH HIDDEN SHENSI By FRANCIS P. NICHOLS. AN N account of a journey in the autumn of 1901 from Pekin to Sian in the province of Shensi, China, thence southward down the Han River to Hankow. 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This artistic completeness is matched by beautiful typography, wide margins, and a general air of literary elegance. (Ready September 20.). SEND NAME AND ADDRESS FOR A COPY OF OUR NEW ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE 1902.) 133 THE DIAL A. C. MCCLURG & CO.'S FALL PUBLICATIONS –CONTINUED > CP » MUSICAL PASTELS By GEORGE P. UPTON. Square 8vo, $2.00 net; delivered, $2.14. Mr. Upton discusses in a leisurely, entertaining, scholarly manner, some little-known and curious characters and episodes that have come to his attention in his musical researches, such as, “ Nero, the Artist," "The First Opera," "The Musical Small-Coals Man," "The First American Composer,” etc. This is Mr. Upton's first book in many years, and will be welcomed by his thous- ands of friends and readers. The volume is illustrated with reproductions from rare wood engrav- ings, and is beautifully printed and bound. (Ready September 13.) THE STANDARD LIGHT OPERAS A Handbook. By GEORGE P. UPTON. 12mo, $1.20 net; delivered, $1.29. This is the fifth volume in Mr. Upton's admirable series devoted to "The Standard Operas," “The Standard Symphonies," etc., and is uniform in style and treatment with its predecessors. He describes in detail the plots and music of the best examples of light opera of the French and German schools, the famous Gilbert and Sullivan series, and the productions of the modern musical comedy class. (Ready September 13.) SOCIALISM AND LABOR, AND OTHER ARGUMENTS By the Rt. Rev. J. L. SPALDING, Bishop of Peoria, author of “Religion, Agnosticism, and Education," etc. 16mo, 80 cents net; delivered, 87 cents. This volume contains sixteen essays along the general lines indicated by the title. Bishop Spalding's previous volumes have generally dealt with religion and education, but of late years he has been giving much thought and attention to labor matters, and has spoken frequently in public on the subject. Several of these lectures are included in this new volume, and like all of the Bishop's writings, are notable for their balance, admirable clearness, and excellent style. There is no more able theorist on the vital questions of the moment than Bishop Spalding and whatever he has to say is always to the point and always interesting. (Ready in November.) VARIOUS VIEWS By William MORTON PAYNE. Printed on thin Bible paper. 18mo, flexible cloth, $1.00 net; delivered, $1.08. Mr, Payne's new book of essays on literature and education is uniform with his previous books in character of contents, arrangement, and typography and binding. The judgment and style shown in his previous books have placed Mr. Payne beyond question among the first of living essayists, In fact, it is doubtful whether any man in this country has a wider or more exact knowledge of the progress and development of literary affairs. The quality of pertinency in Mr. Payne's essays is especially marked, and it is his disposition to deal with the tendency of the hour — the journalistic feature — that makes them of especial usefulness to students of American literature. (Ready in October.) - CATCHWORDS OF CHEER Helpful Thoughts for Each Day of the Year. A compilation by SARA A. HUBBARD. Printed at the Merrymount Press. 24mo, 80 cents net; delivered, 88 cents. Mrs. Hubbard has given much thought and study to literature and the philosophy of life, and this little book is an epitome of her views on the latter subject. Her philosophy glows with optimism and she believes in consistently looking at the brighter side of life. For years she has collected from the great thinkers and poets aphorisms exemplifying her theory, and in her book these appear as helpful thoughts for each day in the year.” It is uniform with “Right Reading” and “Helpful Thoughts from Marcus Aurelius," two useful little volumes published last Spring. (Ready September 6.) >) SEND NAME AND ADDRESS FOR A COPY OF OUR NEW ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE 134 (Sept. 16, THE DIAL A. C. MCCLURG & CO.'S FALL PUBLICATIONS - CONTINUED 6 - - 6 THE CONQUEST Being the True Story of Lewis and Clark. By Eva Emery Dye. With Frontispiece. 12mo, $1.50. Mrs. Dye here presents in vivid form the wonderful story of the most romantic event in American history. Though told as a romance, interesting the reader from beginning to end, no character is included, nor event depicted, not historically real or accurate. The author's researches have covered every original source where new light might be discovered, and the marvelous tale is pre- sented with a freshness and virility which must give the work a high place. (Ready in November.) ON FORTUNE'S ROAD By Will Payne. With eight full-page drawings by Thomas Fogarty. 12mo, $1.50. Mr. Payne has already written three successful books — "Jerry the Dreamer," The Money Captain," and "The Story of Eva,''— but this is his first collection of short stories. They deal with Chicago business life in its most strenuous form — big deals, big figures, and fortunes depending on a vote in the legislature. It is realism of the most brilliant kind, and yet there is as a much romance and excitement in this kind of life as in the old days of chivalry. The reader enjoys it all the more because it is familiar. The titles of the stories are as follows: “In the Panic,' A Day in Wheat," "The Plant at High Grove," "The Chairman's Politics," "The Lame Boy," "The Salt Crowd's Trade," "The End of the Deal." the Deal.” Mr. Fogarty's pictures are as telling and effective as are Mr. Payne's stories. (Ready September 13.) THE HOLLAND WOLVES A Historical Novel. By J. BRECKENRIDGE Ellis. With six full-page illustrations by the Kinneys. 12mo, $1.50. This is the story of one Belle-Isle, a French soldier of fortune, and his adventures in the Netherlands during the dark days of the Spanish invasion. The Holland Wolves" are two Dutch patriots whose ferocious deeds win for them their terrible soubriquet. There is plenty of fighting and mystery and all the other elements that go to make up a vigorous, exciting The story is well conceived and dramatically worked out, and the illustrations by the Kinneys are quite as good as the text. These are the artists who made the now famous illustra- tions for The Thrall of Leif the Lucky," and their drawings for this book are remarkable for spirited action and historical correctness. (Ready September 20.) A CAPTIVE OF THE ROMAN EAGLES By Felix Dawn. Translated from the German by Mary J. Safford. 12mo, $1.50. Like Georg Ebers, Felix Dahn has based his historical novels upon the solid foundation of earnest study. His chosen field is principally the period of the conflicts between Germany and Rome, and this novel is perhaps his best. It is intensely interesting without recourse to any superficial dramatic effects, and the narrative moves with dignity and power. The “Captive” is a beautiful Teutonic maiden who is captured by the Romans during one of their invasions, but makes her escape when her masters are defeated by the avenging Germans. The battle which forms a climax is described with extraordinary vividness. (Ready September 13.) THE BRIDGE OF THE GODS By F. H. BALCH. New illustrated edition with eight full-page drawings by L. Maynard Dixon. 12mo, $1.50. Encouraged by the steady demand for Mr. Balch's fine romance, the publishers have issued an attractive new edition (the seventh) embellished with notable drawings by Mr. Laurens Maynard Dixon. This tale of Oregon in the seventeenth century has fairly earned its lasting popularity, not only by the intense interest of the story, but by its faithful delineation of Indian character. Mr. Dixon's work on the illustrations is remarkable for its strength and realism, and for his perfect understanding of the type he portrays. (Ready.) romance. SEND NAME AND ADDRESS FOR A COPY OF OUR NEW ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE 1902.] 185 THE DIAL A. C. MCCLURG & CO.'S FALL PUBLICATIONS - CONCLUDED THE PETE AND POLLY STORIES A Book of Nonsense Prose and Verse. By CAROLYN WELLS. Illustrated by Fanny Young Cory. Large 8vo, $1.50 net; delivered, $1.68. No writer of books for young people is more adept at the clever nonsense demanded by modern children than Miss Wells; and certainly there is no more popular artist among the same exacting critics than Miss Cory. In “The Pete and Polly Stories” two very engaging children have a series of astonishing adventures in strange places and with strange companions. The illustrations are equally whimsical and diverting, and altogether the book is one to allure the youngsters — and not improbably the oldsters also. (Ready October 1.) LITTLE MISTRESS GOOD HOPE And Other Fairy Tales. By MARY IMLAY TAYLOR. With illustrations in color by Jessie Willcox Smith. Square 12mo, $1.50 net; delivered, $1.62. Miss Taylor's reputation has been established by her series of successful historical novels, but she now makes a decided departure by bringing out a book of fairy stories. They are largely derived from English sources, and are written with all the story-teller's skill. The book is further distin- guished by the charming pictures by Miss Smith, who belongs to a coterie of artists now making themselves famous by their drawings of children. Her work is notable for its imagination, tech- nique, and beauty of color. (Ready September 27.) PRINCE SILVERWINGS Seven Fairy Tales. By Edith OGDEN HARRISON (Mrs. Carter H. Harrison). With full-page plates in color and text illustrations by Lucy Fitch Perkins. 4to, $1.75 net ; delivered, $1.95. Mrs. Harrison is the wife of the well-known mayor of Chicago, and makes her literary debut in this very attractive volume. There are seven stories in the book, and they are told in a singularly direct and unaffected manner, with the engaging simplicity that is so appreciated by young readers. The pictures are reproduced from water-color drawings in very delicate tints, and are charming both in conception and treatment. The type used is a large clear face, and this feature, together with the char- acter of the stories, makes the book especially desirable for younger children. (Ready October 11.) COQUO AND THE KING'S CHILDREN A Fairy Tale. By CORNELIA BAKER. With six illustrations in color by Lucy Fitch Perkins. Small 4to, $1.50 net; delivered, $1.63. Coquo is the king's jester, and one of the most entertaining characters imaginable for children. He is the guide and counselor of the high-spirited little prince and princess - "the king's children,”- and together they have some surprising adventures. The three discover a lovely little fairy in the woods, whom they take home and make one of the family - the little sprite gradually taking on the form and size of ordinary mortals. The pictures are most unusual in their cleverness and beauty. (Ready October 8.) MAYKEN A Historical Story of Holland for Children. By JESSIE ANDERSON CHASE. With five full-page illustrations by the Kinneys. Small 4to, $1.20 net; delivered, $1.33. "Mayken" has been brought out as a companion volume to Margot," one of the most successful historical stories for children ever published. In make-up and general appearance the two books are practically uniform, and there is a similarity in their central idea,- the exciting life of a very youthful heroine in a stirring period of history. The Spanish subjugation of the Nether- lands is the background for the story of little Mayken's adventures, and the young readers who were absorbed in “Margot " can safely take up this new romance. (Ready September 27.) For sale by all Booksellers. Send for New Illustrated Catalogue. A. C. MCCLURG & CO., PUBLISHERS, CHICAGO - 136 (Sept. 16, THE DIAL SOME OF THE MACMILLAN COMPANY'S CAKE BOOKS New Novels, etc. LAFCADIO HEARN'S NEW BOOK KOTTÓ: Some Japanese Curios, with Sundry Cobwebs By LAFCADIO HEARN, Author of “Shadowings," "Kokoro," "Some Chinese Ghosts," "Stray Leaves from Stray Literature," etc. Rich in the indescribable charm of his delicate picturing of the exotic East. Illustrated. Cloth. GERTRUDE ATHERTON'S NEW BOOK THE SPLENDID IDLE FORTIES: Stories of Old California By GERTRUDE ATHERTON, Author of “The Conqueror,' ," " Senator North," etc. Spanish life in California. With illustrations by HARRISON FISHER. A picture of old Cloth, 81.50. A. E. W. MASON'S NEW MILITARY NOVEL THE FOUR FEATHERS By A. E. W. MASON, Author of "The Courtship of Morrice Buckler," etc. the Soudan War, tense with interest most skilfully maintained. A story of a young officer in Cloth, 12 mo, $1.50. MARK LEE LUTHER'S NEW POLITICAL STORY THE HENCHMAN By MARK LEE LUTHER, Author of “The Favor of Princes," etc. ical story as well as a charming and inspiring love story. A rarely strong and successful polit- Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. JACK LONDON'S NEW ALASKAN BOOK CHILDREN OF THE FROST By JACK LONDON, Author of “The Son of the Wolf," "The God of His Father." Illustrated by R. MARTINE RBAY. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. HENRY K. WEBSTER'S NEW STORY OF A TRUST ROGER DRAKE: Captain of Industry By HENRY K. WEBSTER, Author of "The Banker and the Bear.” Copiously illustrated by HOWARD GILEL. Cloth, 12mo, 81.50. B. K. BENSON'S NEW WAR STORY BAYARD'S COURIER: A Story of Love and Adventure in the Cavalry By B. K. BENSON, Author of “A Friend with the Countersign," " Who Goes There ?" Nlustrated by Louis Berts. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. For the Younger Folks. A LITTLE CAPTIVE LAD PICKETT'S GAP By BEULAH MARIE DIX, Author of By HOMER GREENE, Author of "The Blind “The Making of Christopher Ferringham," Brother," "Coal and the Coal Mines," etc. A “Soldier Rigdale," "Hugh Gwyeth." Illus- story of a railroad war for the right of way trated by Will H. GREFE. and of the part a boy played in it. Illustrated. Cioth, 12mo, 81.50. Cloth, 12mo, 81.50. Mrs. WRIGHT'S NEW BOOK DOGTOWN: Being Some Chapters from the Annals of the Waddles Family By MABEL OSGOOD WRIGHT, Author of "Tommy Anne and the Three Hearts," “ Citizen Bird," “Wa- beno," etc. Profusely illustrated. Cloth, 12mo, 81.50 net. Poetry MR. STEPHEN PHILLIPS' NEW PLAY DAVID AND BATHSHEBA By STEPHEN PHILLIPS, Author of “Ulysses," " Paola and Francesca," etc. Also an edition on large paper, limited to one hundred copies. Cloth, 16 mo, $1.25 net. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 66 Fifth Avenue, New York 1902.) 137 THE DIAL MONG MACMILLAN COMPANY'S BOOKS Illustrated SIR GILBERT PARKER'S NEW BOOK QUEBEC : The Place and the People By SIR GILBERT PARKER, Author of “Pierre and His People," etc. illustrations. Also an edition on large paper, limited to one hundred copies. In two vols., with over one hundred Cloth, 8vo, 84.00. MRS. ALICE MORSE EARLE'S NEW BOOK SUN-DIALS AND ROSES OF YESTERDAY: Garden Delights which are here Displayed in Very Truth and are Moreover Regarded as Emblems By Mrs. ALICE MORSE EARLE, Author of “Old Time Gardens," etc. A revelation of the marvels of sentiment and service associated with roses and dials. Profusely pictured from the author's photographs. Cr. 8vo, 82.50 net. Also an edition on large paper, limiled to one hundred copies. $20.00 net. MR. JACOB A. RIIS' SEQUEL TO “HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES THE BATTLE WITH THE SLUM By JACOB A. RIIS, Author of "The Making of an American," etc. Profusely illustrated from the author's photographs and from drawings by Thomas FOGARTY, Cr. 8vo, $2.00 net. MR. ERNEST A. GARDNER'S AUTHORITATIVE WORK ON ATHENS ANCIENT ATHENS By ERNEST A. GARDNER, former Director of the British School at Athens, Author of "A Handbook of Greek Sculpture," etc., etc. Profusely illustrated. Cloth, 8vo, 85.00 net. ENGLISH PLEASURE GARDENS By ROSE STANDISH NICHOLS. Invaluable to those who would develop a style suited to special needs. Profusely illustrated. Cloth, 8vo, 83.00 net. FURNITURE OF OLDEN TIMES By FRANCES C. MORSE. On Old Furni- ture in America, fully illustrated by half tones of quaint and valuable pieces. Cloth, Cr. 8vo, Gilt Top, $3.00 net. Also an edition on large paper, limited to one hundred copies. NEW ENGLAND AND ITS NEIGHBORS By CLIFTON JOHNSON, Author of " Among English Hedgerows," etc. Profusely illus. trated glimpses of charming phases of rural life. Cloth, Cr. 8vo, 82.00 net. By MME. LEHMANN HOW TO SING By LILLI LEHMANN-KALISCH. Illus- trated with diagrams and cuts. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50 net. GREATER RUSSIA By WIRT GERRARE, Author of "The Story of Moscow." Profusely illustrated. Cloth, 8vo. Miscellaneous BY THE LATE JOHN FISKE, AUTHOR OF “THE DESTINY OF MAN” SCENES AND CHARACTERS IN AMERICAN HISTORY By the Author of “Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy," "The Critical Period of American History," etc. In two volumes. Cloth, 8vo, $4.00 net. " By Dr. NEWELL DWIGHT HILLIS, PASTOR OF PLYMOUTH CHURCH, BROOKLYN THE QUEST OF HAPPINESS: A Study of Victory Over Life's Troubles By NEWELL DWIGHT HILLIS, D.D., Author of “The Influence of Christ in Modern Life," etc. Cloth, 12 mo. MR. BROOKS ADAMS' NEW BOOK THE NEW EMPIRE By the Author of "The Law of Civilization and Decay,” etc. Cloth, 12 mo, 82.00 net. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 66 Fifth Avenue, New York 138 (Sept. 16, THE DIAL Send for Richly Illuss trated Catalogue. Oe Che Century Co.'s The Serial Hit of the Year. Ready in book form October 15 Confessions of a Wife By Mary Adams No serial published in The Century for many years has attracted as much atten- tion as this remarkable book by an unknown and pseudonymous author. It is a story dealing with courtship and marriage, and it is considered one of the most unusual and striking pieces of writing that have appeared for many years. The book is enriched with six illustrations by Granville Smith. 12mo, 400 pages, $1.50. Luncheons Caterpillars and By the Author of “The Century Their Moths Cook Book.' This is a guide to the preparation of dainty By IDA MITCHELL ELIOT and CAROLINE GRAY dishes for dainty meals, elaborately illus- SOULE. The result of more than twenty years trated by photographs. It is a book of illus- spent in studying and rearing moths. The il- trated receipts, thoroughly indexed, which lustrations are very striking. They are made will prove a most helpful assistant to the from photographs and show actual size. 8vo, housekeeper. 8vo, 200 pages, 208 photographs, 300 pages of text and 80 insets, with index, price $1.40 net(postage 15 cents). price $2.00 net (postage 18 cents). New Books in the “Thumb-Nail” Series Exquisite Little Books in Embossed Leather Bindings. Size, 2 3-4 by 5 1-8. $1.00 each In Memoriam. By ALFRED, Lord The Rivals. By RICHARD BRINSLEY TENNYSON, with an introduction by Edmund SHERIDAN. With a portrait of the author Clarence Stedman, and a portrait of Lord and an introduction from “The Autobiog- Tennyson taken about the time “In Memo- raphy of Joseph Jefferson." A charming riam was written. setting for Sheridan's masterpiece. Thoughts of Pascal. Translated from the French and with an intro- duction by Benjamin E. Smith. With a portrait of the author. Biography of a Barnaby Lee Prairie Girl By John Bennett A book for older readers and for boys and By ELEANOR GATES. Describing in a most girls as well. The scene and time are New charming manner the life of a little girl in Amsterdam under Peter Stuyvesant, the hero the Northwest twenty-five years ago. Full a boy who has run away from a piratical ship of color and adventure, with touches of de- captain. Illustrations by Clyde 0. DeLand. lightful humor. 12mo, 350 pages, price $1.50. 12mo, 454 pages, price $1.50. DUCE "DIAN A New Story by the Author of "Tom Beauling" Aladdin O'Brien By GOUVERNEUR MORRIS, whose " Tom Beauling" is one of the recent successes in fiction. Humor and pathos play hide-and-seek through the pages of Mr. Morris's latest romance. It is the story of two men in love with the same girl, told in the delightfully original style that is distinctive of this promising young author. The three brothers of the heroine are real creations. 12mo, 300 pages, $1.25. The East of To-Day The Call of the Sea and To-Morrow Poems by L. Frank Tooker. By Right Rev. Henry C. Potter, D.D. A collection of poems which have attracted Dealing with the religion, politics, etc., of wide attention as they have appeared in vari- China, the Philippines, Japan, India, and the ous periodicals. 12mo, 175 pages. Price Hawaiian Islands. $1.00 net (postage 9 cents). $1.25 net (postage 6 cents). TIE:CENTURY-CO-UNION-SQUARE-NEW-YORKERS 1902.] 139 THE DIAL Decor October Books. Send for Richly Illuss trated Catalogue. Mrs. Ruth McEnery Stuart's New Story Napoleon Jackson " The hero of this story, “The Gentleman of the Plush Rocker,” is unable to work because he has been “marked for rest," so his good-natured wife assumes the rôle of provider. The situations are delightfully ludicrous and the humor subtle. Mrs. Stuart is the author of the popular books "Sonny, “Holly and Pizen," etc. With eight illustrations in tint by Edward Potthast.16mo, 132 pages, $1.00. Daniel Webster By John Bach McMaster Professor McMaster, the author of "A His- tory of the People of the United States,” here gives a terse yet comprehensive picture of Webster's striking career, written in an easy, forceful style. 8vo, 343 pages, 23 full-page illustrations. $2.00 net (postage 16 cents). Abraham Lincoln A Short Life. Condensed by Fohn G. Nicolay from Nicolay and Hay's Life of Lincoln. Condensed from the standard life of Lincoln by one of its authors. In one volume, 8vo, 600 pages, with portrait and index. Price $2.40 net (postage 18 cents). The Bible for Children The appeal of the Bible to children's minds is both natural and simple, yet there are some things in it that careful parents would keep from their children, and in reading it aloud to young children one often skips what seems unsuitable. These omitted portions include genealogies and whatever we regard as unprofitable for the young listeners. “The Bible for Children” contains an introduction by Bishop Potter and a preface by the Rev. Francis Brown, D.D. It is printed in two colors and beautifully illustrated with pictures from the old masters. $3.00. Topsys and Turvys The Wyndham Girls Pictures and Verse by Peter Newell By Marion Ames Taggart Hold the book in one position for one picture; A book for girls, containing reality and the invert it, and behold! another. The present fascinating touch of romantic fiction. 12mo, volume contains selections from the previous 303 pages, illustrated by Relyea. Price “ Topsy and Turvy” books. Price $1.00 net $1.20 net (postage 13 cents). (postage 1l cents). A New Series of Story-books for Young Folks The St. Nicholas Series Issued in uniform and very attractive binding, richly illustrated, and sold at $1.00 net Sir Marrok. A fairy-story romance of The Boys of the Rincon Arthur and the Round Table. By ALLEN Ranch. A story of two New York school- FRENCH. Illustrated by Rosenmeyer. boys on a Texas ranch. By H. S. CANFIELD. The Cruise of the Dazzler. A Illustrated by Martin Justice. capital sea-story, by JACK LONDON, giving a Tommy Remington's Battle. vivid view of life along the Pacific coast. The story of a coal-miner's son's fight for an Illustrated by Burns. education. By BURTON E. STEVENSON. Il- The Boy and the Baron. A lustrated by Relyea. stirring romance of the times of the robber- Eight Girls and a Dog. А barons in Germany. By ADELINE KNAPP. charming story of the girls of “ Hilarity Hall.” Illustrated by Rosenmeyer. By CAROLYN WELLS. Illustrated by Relyea. > The Bound Volumes of St. Nicholas A perennial delight to thousands of children, containing the numbers of St. Nicholas Magazine for the past year. Full of complete stories, valuable material in “Nature and Science,” “The St. Nicholas League,” etc. In two large 8vo, richly bound cloth volumes of a thousand pages. Price per set, $4.00. THE CENTURY-CO-UNION-SQUARE-NEW YORKERS ) 140 (Sept. 16, THE DIAL A SELECTION FROM DODD, MEAD & COMPANY'S AUTUMN LIST, 1902 . . . FICTION “ TEMPORAL POWER." A Study in Supremacy. By MARIE CORELLI, author of "The Master-Christian," 6. The Sorrows of Satan," etc. $1 50 A SONG OF A SINGLE NOTE. By Amelia E. BARR, author of " The Bow of Orange Ribbon,” etc. Illustrated 1 50 MOTH AND RUST. By Mary CHOLMONDELEY, author of “Red Pottage," etc. 1 50 PAUL KELVER. By JEROME K. JEROME, author of “ Three Men in a Boat," etc. 1 50 THE LADY OF THE BARGE. By W. W. Jacobs, author of “ Many Cargoes,” etc. Illustrated . 1 50 FUEL OF FIRE. By ELLEN THORNEYCROFT FOWLER, author of “ Concerning Isabel Carnaby," etc. 1 50 NO OTHER WAY. By SIR WALTER BESANT, author of " The Orange Girl,” etc. Illustrated. 1 50 THE FOUNDING OF FORTUNES. By JANE Barlow, author of “ Irish Idylls," etc. 1 50 TOM TAD. By WILLIAM HENRY VENABLE, LL.D., author of “A Dream of Empire,” etc. Illustrated 1 50 THE CONQUEST OF CHARLOTTE. By David StoRR MELDRUM, author of “ Gray Mantle and Gold Fringe,” etc. 1 50 THE BLOOD-TAX. By DOROTHEA Gerard, author of “One Year,” etc. 1 50 THE HOUSE OF THE COMBRAYS. By G. LE Notre. Translated by Mrs. Joseph B. Gilder 1 50 . . . . HOLIDAY GIFT BOOKS WANTED: A CHAPERON. By Paul LEICESTER Ford, author of " Wanted: A Matchmaker,” etc. Illustra- tions in color by Christy $2 00 A CHRISTMAS GREETING. By MARIE CORELLI. Decorations in color 1 50 UNDER THE TREES. By Hamilton W. Mabie, author of " My Study Fire,” etc. Illustrations in pho- togravure by Hinton net, 2 00 FAMOUS PAINTINGS. Described by Great Writers. Edited by Esther SINGLETON. Illustrated. net, 1 60 net, . 1902.] 141 THE DIAL • LONDON. Described by Great Writers and Travellers. Edited by Esther SINGLETON. Illustrated net, $1 40 RED-HEAD. By John Uri Lloyd, author of “Stringtown on the Pike," etc. Illustrated. net, 1 60 THE BENDING OF THE TWIG. By WALTER RUSSELL, author of The Sea Children," etc. Over 100 illustrations by the author net, 2 00 : HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY A HISTORY OF SCOTLAND. VOL. II. By ANDREW LANG Special net, $3 50 A HISTORY OF CRITICISM. Vol. II. By GEORGE SAINTSBURY Special net, 3 50 THE LIFE OF JAMES MARTINEAU. By Rev. JAMES DRUMMOND and Dr. CHARLES B. UPTON. 2 Vols., (probably) net, 10 00 THE FOUNDER OF MORMONISM. By Prof. I. WOODBRIDGE RILEY, Ph.D. (Yale) : net, 1 50 A HISTORY OF THE 19TH CENTURY YEAR BY YEAR. By EDWIN EMERSON, Jr., 3 Vols., fully illustrated net, 3 60 A SHORT HISTORY OF MUSIC. By ALFREDO UNTERSTEINER. Translated by S. C. Very. Illustrated . . net, 1 20 . . . > > MISCELLANEOUS THE HOMELY VIRTUES. By Ian MACLAREN, author of " Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush," etc. Probably, net, $1 20 THE UGANDA PROTECTORATE. By Sir HARRY JOHNSTON, G.C.M.G., K.C.B. With 9 maps and over 500 illus- trations (48 in color). 2 Vols. net, 12 50 AMERICAN MERCHANT SHIPS AND SAILORS. By Willis J. ABBOT, author of " Naval History of the United States,” etc. Illus- trated. net, 2 00 THE AMERICAN IDEA AS EXPOUNDED BY AMERICAN STATESMEN. Compiled by JOSEPH B. GILDER. With introduction by Andrew Carnegie, net, 1 20 THE WEATHER AND PRACTICAL METHODS OF FORECASTING. By “Farmer” DUNN net, 2 00 THE LEAVEN IN A GREAT CITY. By LILLIAN W. BETTs. Illustrated from photographs net, 1 50 HOMES AND THEIR DECORATION. By LILLIE HAMILTON FRENCH. Fully illustrated . net, 3 50 IN THE PALACES OF THE SULTAN. By Anna BOWMAN DODD. Fully illustrated net, 4 00 «« EVERY DAY IN THE YEAR." A Poetical Year-Book. Compiled by JAMES L. Ford and MARY K. Ford . (Probably) net, 2 00 . . DODD, MEAD & COMPANY, Publishers 372 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK 142 (Sept. 16, THE DIAL HARPER & BROTHERS ' 2 6. 1. THE INTRUSIONS OF PEGGY. By Anthony Hope. . A new novel that combines the brightness of the author's “Dolly Dialogues" with the interest of - The Prisoner of Zenda." It is a story of life to-day in London. Illus- trated, $1.50. 2. THE FLIGHT OF PONY BAKER. By W. D. Howells. This is a most delightful story of the adventures, experiences and feelings of a “real” boy told in a way to interest everyone who is interested in boys. Illustrated, $1.25 net. 3. THE FIRST CHRISTMAS. By General Lew. Wallace. The great popularity of this beautiful story has necessitated the publication of this new handsome edition. It is printed in two colors, illustrated from reproductions of paintings by Raphael, Murillo, etc., $1.25. 4. AN OLD COUNTRY HOUSE. By Richard Le Gallienne. The story of the plans and ambitions of two young married people in their country home. It is not only a most delightfully written story of country life, but one of the most charming love stories of recent fiction. It is beautifully illustrated in tint and color by Elizabeth Shippen Green, (in a box), $2.40 net. 5. THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS. By Lewis Carroll. This delightful story, long since a classic for old and young, is uniform with the Peter Newell Alice in Wonderland,” published last year. There are 40 full-page illustra- tions by Peter Newell, a frontispiece portrait of the artist, decorative borders in colors, (in a box), $3.00 net. 6. IN THE MORNING GLOW. By Roy Rolfe Gilson. Stories of home life, - the relations of the children with father, mother, grandfather, and so on-written in the vein of tenderness, humor and pathos, that will make every reader recognize in them a part of their own experience. With one exception these stories appeared serially in Harper's Magazine. Illustrated by Alice Barber Stephens, $1.25. 7. AN INTERNATIONAL EPISODE. By Henry James. A new edition of what many readers consider the best of Henry James' fiction, attrac- tively bound, uniform with the author's “ Daisy Miller.” Illustrated by MeVickar, $1.25. 8. THE LOVABLE TALES OF JANEY, JOSEY, AND JOE. By Gertrude Smith, author of the “Roggie and Reggie Stories. Delightful stories for children. The subjects are those familiar to all households-tea parties, making cookies, playing circus, stories of the flowers, visits, etc. Fifteen chapters in all, each beautifully illustrated, $1.30 net. 9. WINSLOW PLAIN. By Sarah P. McLean Greene, author of “Flood- Tide,” “ Vesty of the Basin,” etc. A story of life in New England, full of the humor of comedy that readers enjoyed in the author's “ Flood-Tide. No work of the author's will be read with keener interest. $1.50. HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS 1902.) 143 THE DIAL BOOKS FOR OCTOBER 10. THE RED HOUSE. By E. Nesbit. A delightful story of the honeymoon and the funny experience of a young married couple, who from “love in a cottage” came into an extensive country estate. It is undoubtedly the author's most attractive work of fiction. Illustrated by Keller, $1.50. 11. THE REIGN OF QUEEN ANNE. By Justin McCarthy, author of "A History of Our Own Times,” etc. This is Mr. McCarthy's most recent addition to his series of popular histories of England. It deals with one of the most brilliant periods in English history—the time of Addison, Swift, Steele, Bolingbroke and the great Marlborough. The history is in two volumes uniform with the author's “ Reminiscences.” Two volumes, cloth, (in a box), $4.00 net. 12. HARPER'S COOK BOOK ENCYCLOPÆDIA. This is a book that will come as a boon to every housekeeper. It is arranged like a dictionary, so that you can find anything you want simply by opening the book and without hunting through a maze of indexes. Contributions by the most noted authorities on cooking in the world. Edited by the editor of Harper's Bazaar. Bound in washable leather cloth, illustrated, $1.50 net. ܐ 13. THE DESERTED VILLAGE (Abbey Edition). By Oliver Goldsmith The most beautiful edition of this work ever issued. It is exquisitely illustrated from paintings by Edwin A. Abbey, R. A., which appeared first in Harper's Magazine. Frontispiece portrait, introductions by Goldsmith and Austin Dobson, and copious anno- tations by Cunningham. Royal octavo, bound in silk, $3.00. 14. SONGS OF TWO CENTURIES. By Will Carleton, author of " Farm Ballads,” “ City Ballads,” etc. A new book of poems by one of our most popular verse writers. Fully illustrated, $1.50 net. 15. LITERATURE AND LIFE. By W. D. Howells. This volume is another of Mr. Howells's delightful books of reminiscence and criticism of literary things, life and people. Uniform with the author's “Literary Friends and Acquaintance,” and “Heroines of Fiction.” 32 full page illustrations, $2.25 net. 16. THE CONQUEST OF ROME. By Matilde Serao, author of “The Land of Cockayne.” The author is without doubt the greatest modern Italian novelist. The main theme of this new novel is the conquest made by Rome over a brilliant young statesman who goes there from the provinces. It is a novel of intense and absorbing interest. $1.50. 17. A DOFFED CORONET, by the author of “ Martyrdom of an Empress.” A most interesting story of the experiences in court life and in America of the titled author of “ Martyrdom of an Empress” and “ Tribulations of a Princess.” Illustrated, $2.25 net. FRANKLIN SQUARE, NEW YORK CITY 144 (Sept. 16, THE DIAL PARTIAL FALL ANNOUNCEMENT Sonnets from the Portuguese By ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING. Decorated and Illustrated in colors by MARGARET ARMSTRONG. 12mo. With 50 designs in color, $2.00. Social England 1 A Record of the Progress of the People in Religion, Laws, Learning, Arts, Science, Literature, Industry, Commerce, and Manners, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. By Various Writers. Edited by H. D. Traill, D.C.L., Sometime Fellow of St. John's College, Oxford, and J. S. Mann, M.A., Sometime Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford. King Edward Edition. To be completed in six octavo volumes. Containing 2500 illustrations and numerous colored plates, reproduced from authentic sources. Sold in sets only. Vol. I. From the Earliest Times to the Accession of Edward I. Vol. II. From the Accession of Edward I. to the Death of Henry VII. Each, net, $5.00. By mail, $5.30. Vol. III. From the Accession of Henry VIII. to the Death of Elizabeth. 8vo. Illustrated. Price to be announced. “A stupendous undertaking. . . . Religion, law, learning, science, commerce, industry, and manners are all treated in turn within a succession of fixed periods. We are enabled to trace the successive stages of our civilization, as they are marked by the steady march of moral and intellectual progress, or accelerated by some sudden increase of wealth and prosperity."- London Times. English Thought in the Eighteenth Century Anthology of Russian Literature By LEBLIE STEPHEN, author of “Hours in a Library," eto. From the earliest time to the present day. By LEO WIENER, Third revised edition with new material and new intro- Assistant Professor of Slavic Languages, Harvard Uni- duction, 2 vols., large 8vo, $8.00 net. versity, author of “History of Yiddish Literature." In two parts, each complete in itself and indexed. Part I, The Romance of the Colorado River from earliest times to the close of the eighteenth A Complete Account of the First Discovery and of the Ex- century. Part II, from the close of the eighteenth plorations from 1540 to the Present Time, with Particular century to the present day. Each 8vo, $3.00 net. (By Reference to the two Voyages of Powell through the mail, $3.25.) Line of the Great Canyons. By FREDERICK S. DELLEN- William Morris; Poet, Craftsman, BAUGH, Member of the U. S. Colorado River Expedition of 1871 and 1872, author of "North Americans of Yester- and Socialist day," eto.. 8vo. Fully illustrated with reproductions By ELISABETH LUTHER CARY, author of "The Rossettis," of photographs and maps and drawings, and with new "Robert Browning," "Tennyson," etc. 8vo. Fully illustrated, uniform with “The Rossettis," " Browning," The Hudson River from Ocean to Source etc. $3.50 net. (By mail, $3.75.) Historical — Legendary - Picturesque. By EDGAR MAY- In City Tents HEW Bacon, author of "Chronicles of Tarrytown,' etc. How to Find, Furnish, and Keep a Small House on 8vo. With over 100 illustrations, $3.50 net. (By mail, Slender Means. $3.80.) By CHRISTINE TERAUNE HERRICK, author of “ First Aid Lavender and Old Lace to the Young Housekeeper, ," "The Chafing Dish Sap- By MYRTLE REED, author of “Love Letters of a Musician," per," etc. 16mo. “The Spinster Book," etc. 12mo, $1.50 net. (By mail, $1.60.) Italian Life in Town and Country A charming story of New England. By Luigi VILLARI. No. 7 in “Our European Neighbours" Series. 12mo. Fully illustrated. $1.20 net. (By mail, The Romance of Leonardo da Vinci $1.30.) A delightful book in a delightful series. (Pre- By DMITRI MEREJKOWSKI, author of "The Death of the vious issues: " French Life in Town and Country," by Gods," eto. Authorized translation. 12mo, $1.50. Hannah Lynch; “German Life," etc., by W. H. Daw- “A novel not to be measured by ordinary standards. ... son ; “Russian Life." etc., by F. H. E. Palmer; “ Dutch makes again to live the social world of mediæval Italy."- New York Life," etc., by P. M. Hough; "Swiss Life," eto., by Commercial Advertiser. A. T. Story; "Spanish Life," etc., by L. Higgin.) Idylls of the King Typhoon Enid, Vivien, Elaine, Guinevere. By ALFRED TENNYSON. By JOSEPH CONRAD. Illustrated, 12mo, $1.00 net. (By With 31 photogravure plates after designs by GUSTAV mail, $1.10.) DORÉ. Two volumes, 8vo, uniform with Irving's "Rip A masterpiece of marine fiction. So true and vivid are both plot Van Winkle" and "Sleepy Hollow." Each, $1.75. and characters that one seems not to read but to live through the This is a reprint of the famous Moxon edition. strenuous pages. 6 9 maps. It 1 G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, NEW YORK 1902.] 145 THE DIAL Some Important Autumn Books . . . . . . The True History of the American Revolution. By Sydney George Fisher. 24 illustrations and maps. Crown 8vo. Cloth, decorated $2.00 net. Social Life in the Early Republic. By Anne H. Wharton. Colored frontispiece. Profusely illustrated. Crown 8vo. Decorated cloth, gilt top, uncut edges $3.00 net. Half levant $6.00 net. New York Old and New. Its Story, Streets, and Landmarks. By Rufus Rockwell Wilson. Two Volumes. Profusely illustrated. Extra buckram $3.50 net. Home Life of the Borneo Head-Hunters. By William H. Furness. Ilustrated. 8vo. Gilt top, rough edges . $7.50 net. Stories of Authors' Loves. By Clara E. Laughlin. Two Volumes. With 45 illustrations. Handsomely bound, in box $3.00 net. Three-quarters morocco $6.00 net. Symphonies and Their Meanings. (Second Series.) By Philip H. Goepp. 12mo. Decorated cloth $2.00 net. First and second volumes, in box $4.00 net. Alexandre Dumas (père). (His Life and Works.) By Arthur F. Davidson. Illus- trated. 8vo. Decorated cloth $3,75 net. Historic Houses of New Jersey. By W. Jay Mills. With 19 photogravure illustrations. 8vo. Decorated cloth, in box. $5.00 net. Chambers's Cyclopædia of English Literature. Edited by David Patrick. Illustrated. Volumes I. and II. ready; Volume III. shortly. Three Volumes. Imperial octavo. 800 pages. Cloth, per volume $5.00 net. Two Thousand Miles on an Automobile. By “Chauffeur.” " With 18 illustrations by Frank Ver Beck. Crown 8vo. Decorated cloth $2.00 net. The Tragedy of Martinique. By Professor Angelo Heilprin. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. . The Night Side of London. By Robert Machray. Profusely illustrated by Tom Browne. 8vo. Decorated cloth $2.50 net. Yachting. By Julius Gabe. Illustrated. 12mo. Cloth. $2.50 net. A Daughter of the Snows. A Novel. By Jack London. Colored illustrations by F. C. Yohn. 12mo Decorated cloth $1.50 Woven with the Ship. A Novel. By Cyrus Townsend Brady. Hlustrated by Christy, Leyendecker, Glackens, Parkhurst, and Crawford. 12mo. Decorated cloth $1.50 Adam Rush. A Novel. By Lynn Roby Meekins. With frontispiece by Francis Day. 12mo. Cloth $1.50 The Inevitable. A Novel. By Philip Verrill Mighels. With frontispiece by John Wolcott Adams $1.50 . . . . . POSTAGE EXTRA ON NET BOOKS. J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, PUBLISHERS PHILADELPHIA LONDON 146 (Sept. 16, THE DIAL The Lady Poverty READY IN SEPTEMBER Sanborn's Classical Atlas AN A XIIIth Century Allegory Translated and Edited by MONTGOMERY CARMICHAEL “THE HE LADY POVERTY” is a mediæval romance, simple in form and charming in conception, telling how St. Francis wooed and “ Atlas of the Geography and History of won that most difficult of all Brides my Lady Poverty. Apart from its beauty it is noteworthy the Ancient World." as the first book written concerning St. Francis of Assisi, having been completed within a year after the Saint's death (A.D. 1227). The little This book in mechanical execution equal to our volume here offered is the first English translation, popular Kiepert -- has 33 Maps. For School and and faithfully enshrines the spirit of the original. College use it is, without question, the best pub- The volume opens with a bibliographical in- lished in any country. troduction by the translator, and closes with an extract from the XIth canto of Dante's “ Para- dise" relating to the Allegory. Prices, paper, 75 cents; cloth, $1.50. Printed in plain type, rubricated, with a photo- gravure frontispiece, and daintily bound in Fran- ciscan brown. 12mo, 209 pp. Price, net, $1.75. TENNANT and WARD BENJ. H. SANBORN & CO. 287 FOURTH AVENUE New York BOSTON > NEW YORK CHICAGO LONDON THE Novel This Fall Τ THE CLIMAX Or, WHAT WHAT MIGHT HAVE BEEN By CHARLES FELTON PIDGIN Author of “ QUINCY ADAMS SAWYER" and “BLENNERHASSETT” WHAT HATEVER you do, please disabuse your thoughts of any idea that this is an historical novel. The author bas made a charming romance out of what might have happened to this country, and its people, if Burr had been elected governor of New York when he aspired to that office. Mr. Pidgin starts his story at this period, elects him governor, and then President. In the latter office Burr brings about important changes in our Constitution. An entirely different Aaron Burr from the one histories describe is the central figure of the story. The author has a fanciful conception of Aaron Burr as President-General of the United States. He is ever on the march, seeking to conquer. If he decides that England, Spain, or France bas some territory the United States should possess he takes his army out and gets it. Everything he does is for love of country. He is the people's idol. A love adventure is of the same importance to him as an affair of state, and he slights neither. By 1850 Aaron Burr has created an Utopian America — in the romance. It is a brisk romance of what never happened to Aaron Burr, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, and many others of the period. a Frontispiece Illustration. Bound in Green Art Crash. Price, $1.50. AT ALL BOOKSELLERS. C. M. CLARK PUBLISHING COMPANY, BOSTON 1902.) 147 THE DIAL Revell's Autumn Announcements FICTION. ESSAYS. THE RELIGION OF A MATURE MIND. Studies in Modern Problems. By Professor GEORGE A. COE, also author of "The Spiritual Life." 12mo, cloth, net $1.35. The keynote of this book is its declaration that the heart of modern man is hungry for a fresh, original experience of the divine. The demand is for something more than a mere reconstruction of doctrine ; the personal religious life must also be reorganized. FAITH AND CHARACTER. Studies in Character Building. By NEWELL DWIGHT HILLIS. 12mo, cloth, gilt top, net 75 cts. GIFT SUGGESTIONS. GLENGARRY SCHOOL DAYS. A Tale Early Days in Glengarry. By RALPH CONNOR. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, $1.25. This new volume fittingly supplements "The Man from Glengarry" in that it deals with some of the same characters, but in a different period, a period of which we all long to hear more. BY ORDER OF THE PROPHET. The Story of the Occupation of the Great Salt Lake Basin. By ALFRED H. HENRY, illustrated by E. S. Paxson. 12mo, illustrated, $1.50. True to history, founded upon actual incident, forceful in the telling and strong in the depiction of character, this book is a worthy contri. bution to the literature of the West. THOSE BLACK DIAMOND MEN. A Tale of the Anthrax Valley. By WILLIAM F. GIBBONS. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, $1.50. A many-faceted story. It strikes the whole gamut of the miner's life, its hard toil, its domestic joys and sorrows, its privations, its de- bauchery and sin, its powers of sacrifice, its heroism. JANET WARD. A Daughter of the Manse. By MARGARET E. SANGSTER. 12mo, cloth, with ideal frontis- piece, $1.50. Janet Ward is the clever daughter of a minister, who has her way to make in the world. College life, work among the Mountain wbites of Tennessee and college settlement work in New York, give variety to the scenes, and large scope for the study of characteristics and the portrayal of character. The book is written in the interest of the girl of today. It is to show young women their opportunities and to indicate how any true-hearted girl may walk scatheless through all dangers that beset her path. TWO WILDERNESS VOYAGERS. A True Story of Indian Life. By FRANKLIN WELLES CALKINS. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. This present story is by one who, by years of training on the frontier, has fitted himself for the task of portrayal of early Indian life. The author graphically depicts the exciting adventures of escape and wan- dering, the drama of the great wilderness with its storms and floods, also its wondrous vegetable growth, its myriad life of birds and mam- mals. THE LITTLE GREEN GOD. A Story and a Study of To-day. By CAROLINE ATWATER MAson, author of "The Lily of France." Long 16mo, cloth, 75 cents. Here is a story, indeed a pungent satire, witty, humorous, pathetic; and of course terribly in earnest and serious in meaning. It is the story of a returned missionary, from India, who beholds to his amazement the heathenism of half-hearted Christianity. The story arouses sympathy for the horrified missionary who ultimately turns his back on so-called Christian America to seek a refuge in heathen India! This little book will make a sensation. AUNT ABBY'S NEIGHBORS. By ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOsson, author of Fishin' Jimmy." 12mo, cloth, $1.00. To the thousands of readers who know “Fishin' Jimmy," and all other remarkable creations of Mrs. Slosson's genius, it is enough to announce a new story from her deft and subtle pen. To know Aunt Abby as her neighbors knew her, is to know how to live with one's neighbors as simply, strongly, good-naturedly, as she who worked out her own philosophy of life by living it. A CHINESE QUAKER. An Unfictitious Novel. By NELLIE BLESSING EYSTER. 12mo, illustrated, $1 50. The scene is laid mainly in or near San Francisco, but it shifts back and forth between America and China. The narrative abounds in dra- matic situation and action. Its revelations, especially in the matter of the secret society of the Highbinders, the slavery of Chinese women in our land, and the efforts to rescue them -- are appalling. THIS IS FOR YOU. Love Poems of the Saner Sort. Selected by WILLIAM S. LORD. 12mo, net $1.00. An exquisite gift book for every one. The verse selected is of sweetest sentiment and highest literary value. In its make-up it is as dainty and inviting as such a gift book should be. Tastefully bound and boxed, with ribbon for tying. Decorated cover, deckle edges, gilt top. As complete a gift as it is possible to devise. THE EVOLUTION OF A GIRL'S IDEAL. A Little Record of the Ripening of the Affections to the Time of Love's Coming. By CLARA E. LAUGALIN. 16mo, decorated, net 50 cts. This delightful essay cannot but charm the reader, the more espe- cially if that reader be of womankind. To the young woman it will be a tonic in these days of hers contemporary with Miss Laughlin's pic- ture. To the older reader there will come a flood of sweet reminiscence and tender memories. THE MESSAGE TO THE MAGIANS. Studies upon the Story of the Nativity. Old English boards, 12mo, cloth, net 50 cts. As many superstitions cluster about the Christmas festival, the object of this booklet is to tell the simple Christmas story as found in the Bible, and to apply some of its beneficent teachings to the practi- calities of everyday life.—From the Preface. A CALENDAR FOR SAINTS AND SINNERS. Size, 57 x 944 inches; 52 leaves, and a heavy cover with a special design in colors, fastened together with lacquered brass rings and hung with a lacqaered brass chain. Each $1.00. Each leaf has the calendar for the week in large figures, with a choice selection for each day printed in clear type. The selections are the choicest bits from a large variety of authors, grave and gay, ranging from the popular humorists of the day to scripture selections for Sab- baths and Holy-days. FOR YOUNG FOLK. THE GIFT OF THE MAGIC STAFF. The Story of Paul's Journey in Two Wonderlands. By FANNIE E. OSTRANDER, author of “Baby Goose," illus- trated by WILL DWIGGINS. 4to, finely illustrated, dec- orated cover, net $1.00. ROLLICKING RHYMES FOR YOUNGSTERS. By Amos R. WELLS, illustrated in colors by L. J. BRIDG- MAN. 4to, cloth, illustrated, net $1.00. WHEN JESUS WAS HERE AMONG MEN. A Story of the Time of Christ. By NELLIE LATHROP HELM. 12mo, cloth, illustrated, $1.00. A complete list of our new books, fully illustrated with author portraits and cover designs representing works of 85 authors and 117 separate titles, is now ready and will be sent on request. It is well worth your while to ask for it. FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY CHICAGO: 63 Washington St. NEW YORK: 158 Fifth Ave. TORONTO: 27 Richmond St. 148 (Sept. 16, THE DIAL APPLETONS' FALL FICTION A NEW BOOK BY GILBERT PARKER. DONOVAN PASHA. By Sir GILBERT PARKER, author of “ The Seats of the Mighty,” etc. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, $1.50. One of the three or four most successful writers of fiction in recent years is Sir Gilbert Parker, whose honor of knighthood came to him just as his present volume was getting ready for press. His Canadian romance, “ The Seats of the Mighty," has gone through more editions than, at this writing, could be conven- iently named. “ Donovan Pasha” will illustrate Sir Gilbert's talents in a new field. It is needless to say that his large public will await its appearance with some eagerness. A WHALEMAN'S WIFE. By F. T. BULLEN, author of "The Cruise of the Cachalot,” “ Deep-Sea Plunderings,” etc. Illustrated, 12mo, cloth, $1.50. Mr. Bullen has here written his first actual novel. The South Sea whaling fishery of New England is his theme. New.pictures of that industry are presented. A love story beginning in Vermont is the thread on which are hung many stirring incidents. A rustic Yankee from the Green Mountain State gets his reward at the close. The House under the Sea. Tales about Temperaments. By Max PEMBERTON, author of “Footsteps of a By John OLIVER HOBBES, author of « The Gods, Throne,” etc. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. Some Mortals, and Lord Wickenham." (Town and Mr. Pemberton bas the faculty of giving to his novels Country Library.) 12mo, cloth, $1.00 ; paper, 50c. sustained interest. His new story, with its constant A new volume by Mrs. Craigie should at once gain movement, its variety, and its stirring episodes, will its place with the reading public. Her visit to this rank with the best adventure novels of recent years. country last winter is still remembered with pleasure. The Things that are Cæsar's. Her books had already assured her of an interested By REGINALD WRIGHT KAUFFMAN, author of "Jar- welcome, and now the visit has left such pleasant vis of Harvard.” 12mo, cloth, $1.50. recollections that a new interest must be felt in her future books. A Son of Gad. By J. A. STEUART. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. Unofficial. The King's Agent. By the Hon. MRS. WALTER R. D. FORBES, author By ARTHUR PATERSON, author of “The Gospel of “Blight,” “A Gentlemen,” “ Dumb," etc. (Town Writ in Steel.” 12mo, cloth, $1.50. and Country Library.) 12mo, cloth, $1.00; paper, 50c. OTHER INTERESTING BOOKS. Animals before Man in North America. The Real Siberia. Their Lives and Times. Together with an Account of a Dash Through By Dr. F. A. Lucas, Curator of the Division of Manchuria. By John Foster FRASER, author of Comparative Anatomy, United States National Mu- “ Round the World on a Wheel,” etc. Illustrated. seum, Washington. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth. 12mo, cloth, $2.00 net; postage, 20 cents additional. Up from Georgia. A Bayard of Bengal. A volume of poems by Frank L. STANTON, author By F. ANSTEY, author of “ Paleface and Redskin," of “Songs of the Soil.” 16mo, cloth, gilt top, uncut, “ Baboo Hurry Bungsho Jabberjee, B. A.,” “Love $1.20 net; postage, 12 cents additional. among the Lions." Illustrated. 12mo, cloth. FOUR BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG. Behind the Line. Miss Lochinvar. A Story of School and Football. By RALPH HENRY A Story for Girls. By MARION AMES TAGGART. BARBOUR, author of “The Half-Back,” “ Captain of Illustrated by WILLIAM L. JACOBS. 12mo, cloth, the Crew,” etc. Illustrated by C. M. RELYEA. $1.20 net; postage, 12 cents additional. 12mo, cloth, $1.20 net; postage, 12 cents additional. With the Flag in the Channel; or the Ad- Jacks of all Trades. ventures of Capt. Gustavus Conynham. A Story for Girls and Boys. By KATHARINE N. By JAMES BARNES, author of “ Midshipman Farra- BIRDSALL. Illustrated in two colors by WALTER gut, ,"“Commodore Perry," etc. Illus'd by CHARLTON RUSSELL, with many text cuts. 12mo, cloth, $1.20 T. CHAPMAN. (Heroes of the Navy Series.) 12mo, net; postage, 12 cents additional. cloth, 80 cents, net; postage, 8 cents additional. > " " 6 D. APPLETON & CO., New York and Chicago 1902.] 149 THE DIAL APPLETONS’ FALL PUBLICATIONS ' а LETTERS OF CHARLES DARWIN. Edited by FRANCIS DARWIN. Two volumes, 500 pages each, cloth. There ought to be wide interest in these new letters by Darwin. Darwin's “Life and Letters” appeared many years ago, but a considerable mass of other correspondence has been brought to light, and the publishers expect to have the book ready in ample season for the fall trade. Everything that Darwin wrote bore the impress of his sincere and gentle spirit. Even his most learned treatises disclosed the man as very charming. In these letters readers are sure to meet with that attractive personality which no one that ever came under its spell can forget. THE WORK OF WALL STREET. By SERENO S. PRATT. (The first volume in Appletons’ Business Series.) 12mo, cloth. The first volume in Appletons' Business Series will be “The Work of Wall Street,” by Sereno S. Pratt. It deals with conditions as they exist to-day, and is based on personal knowledge. What is more, its author has realized what are the things worth telling, and bas known how to present them in an orderly and understandable way. The book has twenty-three chapters, and deals with about everything in which the general reader may be supposed to have an interest. It is believed that this book will win a place in popular literature such as no existing publication on the subject makes any serious attempt to do. Funds and their Uses. Personal Reminiscences of Bismarck. A Treatise on Instruments, Methods, and Institu- By SIDNEY WHITMAN. With portraits. 12mo, tions in Modern Finance. By Dr. F. A. CLEVELAND, cloth. of the University of Pennsylvania. (Appletons' Busi- ness Series.) Illustrated. 12mo, cloth. The Story of a Strange Career. Trust Finance. Being the Autobiography of a Convict. An Authentic Document. Edited by STANLEY WATERLOO. 12mo, By Dr. E. S. MEADE, of the University of Pennsyl- cloth, $1.20 net; postage, 12 cents additional. vania. 12mo, cloth. Daniel Boone. Cabinet-Making and Designing. By REUBEN GOLD THWAITES, editor of “The Jesuit By C. SPOONER. (Artistic Crafts Series.) Illust- Relations,” and author of « Father Marquette.” (Ser- trated. 12mo, half-bound, $1.20 net; postage, 12 ies of Historic Lives.) Illustrated. 12mo, cloth, cents additional. $1.00 net; postage, 10 cents additional. Silver Work and Jewelry. Sir William Johnson. By H. WILSON. (Artistic Crafts Series.) Illus- By AUGUSTUS C. BUELL, author of “Paul Jones, trated. 12mo, half-bound, $1.20 net; postage, 12 Founder of the American Navy.” (Series of Historic cents additional. Lives.) Illustrated. 12mo, cloth, $1.00 net; postage, 10 cents additional. Social New York under the First Georges. Admiral Porter. By ESTHER SINGLETON, author of “The Furniture of Our Forefathers.” 100 illustrations in half-tone By JAMES RUSSELL SOLEY. (Great Commanders Title page in colors. 8vo, cloth. Series, edited by GENERAL JAMES GRANT WILSON.) Portrait. 12mo, cloth, $1.50 net; postage, 11 cents The Story of a Grain of Wheat. additional By WILLIAM C. EDGAR, editor of “The Northwest- Sir William Pepperell. ern Miller.” (Library of Useful Stories.) Illustrated. By Noah BROOKS. (Life Histories Series.) 12mo, 16mo, 35 cents net; postage, 4 cents additional. cloth, $1.00 net; postage, 10 cents additional. The Story of the Trapper. The Romance of My Childhood and Youth. By A. C. LAUT, author of “Heralds of Empire. By MME. ADAM (Juliette Lamber). Portrait and Illustrated by HEMMENT. (The Story of the West Ornamental Title. 12mo, cloth. Series, edited by RIPLEY HITCHCOCK.) Illustrated. 12mo, cloth. My Life in Many States and in Foreign Lands. A History of American Literature. Written in the Mills Hotel, New York, in my 74th By Prof. Wm. P. TRENT, of Columbia University. Year. By GEORGE FRANCIS TRAIN. Illustrated. (Literatures of the World Series, edited by EDMUND 12mo, cloth. GossE.) 12mo, $1.20 net; postage, 12c. additional. 63 99 D. APPLETON & CO., New York and Chicago 150 (Sept. 16, 1902. THE DIAL SOME INTERESTING FICTION Τ THE SP E N D E R S D 20th THOUSAND By Harry LEON WILSON. Six Illustrations by O'Neill LATHAM. Price, $1.50. Wilson. , . A clear, strong, quick-moving novel. A genuine American story of a family that comes out of the West, with all the West's breeziness, independence, humor, and sturdy democracy,– the cardinal native traits. A really great piece of contemporaneous fiction. DOROTHY SOUTH 320 THOUSAND By GEORGE Cary EGGLEston, author of “A Carolina CAVALIER.” Six Illustrations by C. D. WILLIAMS. Price, $1.50. BOOK NEWS FOR MAY says: “In · Dorothy South’ Mr. Eggleston has created a simple and beautiful romance, full of nobility and of all the finer emotions, with just a slight scattering of sage but smiling philos- ophy, intercepted by touches here and there of sparkling wit. No such woman character as Dorothy has appeared in fiction for many a long day.” (C E A G L E B L O O D B By James CREELMAN, author of “ On The Great HIGHWAY.” Illustrated by , ON THE Rose Cecil O'NEILL. Price, $1.50. This is Mr. Creelman's great novel, although as a brilliant writer he is well known throughout the world. His story introduces an Englishman of noble family, who comes to America for the purpose of making his way, not by a marriage for money, but by commercial opportunities. The work is one of great psychological intensity, full of action, tender in its love motif, and world-interesting in its popular discussion of commercialism. RICHARD GORDON By Alexander Black. Six Illustrations by Ernest Fuhr. Price, $1.50. , $ This is one of the strongest novels of the day. The scenes are laid in upper New York society, with a dash into Bohemia that is refreshing and vivid. The hero is manly and virile. The heroine is charming, lovable, thoroughly womanly, and essentially feminine. It sparkles with delicious humor and fetching repartee. THE MILLIONAIRESS By Julian Ralph. Six Illustrations by C. F. UNDERWOOD. Price, $1.50. A striking story of New York social life among carriage people. It has a charming heroine, who occupies the centre of the stage in some brilliant scenes. It shows that a woman of fashion and an heiress can keep unspoiled her sweetness and sincerity of nature. LOTHROP PUBLISHINC COMPANY, BOSTON THE DIAL A Semi ftonthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. PAGE THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of BOOKS OF THE COMING YEAR. each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, 82.00 a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries In making these few random notes upon comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the the lists of publishers' announcements for the current number. · REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by express or season now opening, we are compelled to ex- postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and clude many important categories altogether, for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; and SAMPLE Copy on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished and to confine our attention to the books that on application. All communications should be addressed to bave some relation to literature in the narrower THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. sense that is, to books which contain litera. ture or are concerned with literary history and No. 390. SEPT. 16, 1902. Vol. XXXIII. criticism, with an occasional excursion into the allied realms of history and biography. Even with this restriction, we must be confined to the CONTENTS. mention of a very few names and titles, delib- erately ignoring many others that are perhaps BOOKS OF THE COMING YEAR 151 no less important than those singled out for comment. The book of the year, if we mean THE ACTOR AND THE MAN. Edith Baker Brown 153 by that expression the book that will attract the widest attention and be made the subject COMMUNICATION 155 of the most extensive discussion, is pretty likely Is “ Hawthorne's First Diary a Forgery? Samuel T. Pickard. to be Mr. Morley's long-awaited biography of Gladstone. It is fortunate for Gladstone's THREE ENGLISH AUTHORS. William Morton memory that Mr. Morley should have been Payne 156 chosen for his biographer, and we are sure that the author will do all that literary art can ac- CONSTITUTIONAL PHASES OF THE CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION. James complish to make of Gladstone's figure a living Oscar Pierce 157 personality for the coming generations. Other- wise, Gladstone would be in danger of becom- CORRESPONDENCE OF A LOYALIST FAMILY. ing little more than the shadow of a name for Edith Granger . 160 the general reader of the twentieth century. He could not be ignored by the historian, but THE BUSINESS OF CITY GOVERNMENT. he could easily be forgotten by the great read- Mar West. ing public. All that he has left behind him LIFE AND TRAVEL IN PERSIA. Ira J. Price 103 in the way of published speeches and miscel- laneous writings is so nearly unreadable, and BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. 164 so utterably inadequate to convey any notion More letters of FitzGerald. — A timely essay by of the power that impressed itself upon his Goldwin Smith.- English and Welsh origins of sur- contemporaries that, in default of a great biog- The poetry of Edward Rowland Sill.- raphy, his fame would be in danger of eclipse The story of mediæval Rome.-- A study of London within a very few years. We have no doubt by night. --- Recent essays by Bishop Spalding. - that Mr. Morley has produced a great biog- A pro-Boer narrative of the late war.- -- Mrs. Clif- raphy, sympathetic and thoroughly-informed; ford's second drama. – Two interesting mediæval we have no means of foretelling whether it will be finally ranked with his Cobden, or with his BRIEFER MENTION 168 trio of French biographical studies. Those who cherish Gladstone's memory will devoutly hope NOTES 168 that the latter will be its fate. Now that Mr. ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS 169 Morley has got into the way of writing again, (A classified list of books announced for publication may we not express a parenthetic wish that the during the coming Fall and Winter season.) series of “Twelve English Statesmen” may be . 102 • . names. towns. . 152 (Sept. 16, THE DIAL made twelve in number no less than in name Probably the most important historical an- by the early addition of the life of Chatham nouncement of the season is that the first of that Mr. Morley agreed to write when the the twelve projected volumes of "The Cam- “ series was first projected many years ago. bridge Modern History” is ready for publica- If Mr. Morley remains in any active sepse tion. Although the death of Lord Acton has the editor of the “ English Men of Letters” made necessary the appointment of a new series he is to be congratulated upon the new editor (Mr. A. W. Ward), the work will be lease of life recently taken by that enterprise. continued upon the original plans, and the Three new volumes of the series have already volumes may be expected in fairly rapid suc- been published, and are reviewed in our present cession. " The Renaissance" is the title of issue; no less than eleven others are now the initial volume of the series. In this con. announced as in preparation. The choice of nection we may mention the two volumes of biographers has in every case that peculiar ele Lord Acton's "Historical Lectures” that are ment of fitness which has always distinguished soon to appear. The late John Fiske will be this series of books above all others with which represented this year by three posthumous comparisons might be made. Hitherto Haw. volumes. Two of the three are “Essays His- thorne has been the sole American representa- torical and Literary,” and the third is “ New tive of English literature in the series, but of France and New England,” which will fill the the new volumes projected no less than four gap in the American series, and provide a are to have American subjects. We note in continuous history of our country from the this connection that the series of “ American discovery to the beginning of the constitu. Men of Letters,” which has, like its English tional period. Another work of great impor- prototype, been neglected for many years, is tance in this field is the illustrated “ History now to be extended by the addition of several of the American People” upon which Presi- new volumes. dent Woodrow Wilson has long been engaged, While upon the subject of literary and other and which will soon be in our hands. It will biography, we may record a number of promoccupy five large volumes, and will supply a ised books that may be anticipated with much a real want. satisfaction. The Rev. Edward Everett Hale's The most important announcement in the “ Memories of a Hundred Years” has already field of literary history is the new " Illustrated “ appeared in serial instalments, but we shall | History of English literature" be glad to have it published in permanent Mr. Richard Garnett and Mr. Edmund Gosse form. An authorized biography of Bret Harte have for some time been engaged. The work has been prepared by Mr. T. Edgar Pember- will fill four large volumes, and represents a ton, and cannot well fail to prove interesting. type of bistory which has long been familiar The elaborate biography of Christopher Cols in the principal European countries, but which umbus upon which Mr. Jobn Boyd Thacher for some strange reason has not hitherto been bas been working for many years promises to attempted for our own literature. The series be one of the most sumptuous publications of of “ Literatures of the World” is to have two the season. The devotion of a son, in the one additions this season. Dr. Brandes will pub- case, and of the widow in the other, will pro- lish bis history of modern Scandinavian liter- vide us, respectively, with two volumes of the ature, and no man living is better qualified for letters of Charles Darwin, and a two-volume this undertaking. For the American litera- life of Max Müller. Sir Leslie Stephen's ture in the same series the services of Profes- two-volume work, “Studies of a Biographer, sor William P. Trent have been enlisted, will have many subjects, and will illustrate which is also a happy choice. Mr. Trent is once more the author's singularly happy and likely to write as good a book as that which incisive method of literary portraiture. The we owe to Professor Wendell, and it will recent Dumas centenary has called attention doubtless be free from those qualities which to the fact that we have in English no life of have made the latter work irritating to a cer- the novelist better than Fitzgerald's hack com- tain class of readers. A history of German pilation, a defect which now promises to be literature by Professor John G. Robertson is remedied by the appearance of two new biog- a work that we shall await with much interest. rapbies, the work, respectively, of Mr. Henry If the four new volumes in the Columbia A. Spurr and Mr. Arthur F. Davidson. University studies in literature shall prove as upon which 1902.) 153 THE DIAL 9 > acceptable as their predecessors, they will THE ACTOR AND THE MAN. make an important addition to the student's outfit. Two works in Shakespearian criticism Many readers of the late Phillips Brooks's biog- are promised in the shape of Professor Loung-raphy must have been surprised to discover that bury's “Shakespeare and Voltaire ” and the this man — 80 imaginative in his sympathies, so late Sidney Lanier's “Shakespeare and His little ascetic in any way — had the old Puritanic distrust of the theatre. Have as little to do with Forerunners." The former volume will be wel- it as possible, he counsels; and of the actor's pro- come to those who are acquainted with M. fession in particular, he believes it to be necessarily Jusserand's treatment of the same subject, enervating to character. It is possible that Brooks and the latter, to consist of Lanier's unpub. had in mind the outward temptations of stage-life- lished lectures, will add notably to the author's Shakespeare's “public means that public manners reputation. breed." But on second thought one is inclined to English poetry promises to be enriched by believe that his criticism went deeper and struck at a new volume of Mr. Swinburne's poems and a the very nature of an art. collection of “ New Poems" by Mr. Theodore Curiously enough, M. Coquelin, in his defense of Watts-Dunton. Mr. Stephen Phillips is to the actor's profession before Harvard University, admits the force of such a criticism. There is a bave a fourth drama in verse, with “ David and Bathsheba" for its subject. The trans- social stigma attaching to the stage, says Coquelin; what is its cause? With characteristic French sub- lation of Sig. d'Annunzio's “ Francesca da tlety, he makes no reference to the social dangers Rimini,” by Mr. Arthur Symons, will be a true of stage-life. of stage-life. He assumes that the public is suspi- English poem, a statement which can rarely be cious, not so much of them, as of the actor's art made concerning a work of verse-translation. itself and its influence upon the man. It is the We are glad also to note that Mr. William impersonator that it regards with instinctive dis- Vaughn Moody's “A Masque of Judgment ' trust. The actor upon the stage is not speaking is to be reissued, and thus brought to the atten- for himself, he has simply borrowed the emotions tion of the wide circle that this extraordinary constantly assumed, adopted in fact as a profession, of a part; and the belief persists that emotion thus poem deserves to reach. is incompatible with self-respect, if not with sin. fiction they are legion. We note a few of the cerity. Brooks, no doubt, with others of insight, many titles, restricting the list to books by knew that as a matter of fact it might easily de- well-known novelists. “No Other Way” is bauch the moral sense. the title of a posthumous story by Sir Walter Needless to say, Coquelin refuted the criticism; Besant. Other novels from across the Atlan. but I question if any actor could make so serious a tic are “The King's Byways," by Mr. Stanley defence without himself feeling the force of the doubt . J. Weyman; “The Valtures,” by Mr. Henry that he dismisses. If we are to trust the record of Seton Merriman; and “Love with Honour," a recent novelist, it is an actress whose 6 own self by Mr. Charles Marriott. Of American origin gave her pain, the mutability of her features, the are the following: “Captain Macklin," by strange mimic power possessed by the muscles of her face, the unconscious art that regulated the Mr. Richard Harding Davis; “Cecilia, the meaning of her gestures"; and Shakespeare's own Last of the Vestals,” by Mr. F. Marion Craw-passionate resentment of his profession reads like ford ; “The Fortunes of Oliver Horn," by something more than mere disgust with stage asso- Mr. F. Hopkinson Smith ; "The Wings of ciations : the Dove," by Mr. Henry James ; “The 'Alas, 'tis true I have gone here and there, Maid-at-Arms," by Mr. Robert W. Chambers; And made myself a motley to the view, Gored mine own thoughts, sold cheap what is most dear, and “ Barbara Ladd," by Mr. C. G. D. Rob- Made old offences of affections new; erts. Two masters of the art of short-story Most true it is that I have look'd on truth Askance and strangely; —" writing, Mr. T. B. Aldrich and Mr. Henry Van Dyke, are to have new collections. Of This trafficking in the emotions, which is the very soul of dramatic art foreign novelists, Mr. Jeremiah Curtin prom- - is there any artist who has lent himself to it again and again without once , Mr. Alexander Glovatski, his romance being feeling some loss of personal integrity, some pang of outraged manhood ? called “ The Pharaoh and the Priest”; while Yet surely this objection to the stage, if it is true the great German romancer, Herr Felix Dahn, at all, must hold good for every use of the dramatic will be reintroduced to our public by means of temperament, for all art where the artist is com- “A Captive of the Roman Eagles,” one of the pelled to experiment in the emotions ; and as a mat- finest of his later works. ter of fact, dramatists and novelists and poets have 3 154 (Sept. 16, THE DIAL- been perfectly well aware of the moral paradox in perimental mood serves, though at first almost their own calling. Keats says of the “poetic char. unconsciously, the understanding of life which acter," as he calls it, — having always in mind later inevitably crystallizes into moral conviction. Shakespeare's genius with its vast susceptibility, - Keats himself is forced to this conclusion; for “ It has no self. It is everything and nothing. although his art never had time to grow up, its What shocks the virtuous philosopher delights the serious manhood is foreshadowed in those wonder- chameleon poet ... It does no harm from its relish ful letters of his. He sees how that persatile com- of the dark side of things any more than from its prehension, which is at first the sole aim of art, has taste for the bright one, because they both end in the tremendous effect of “sharpening one's vision speculation." Imaginative curiosity indulged for ” into the heart and nature of man — of convincing its own sake! Is that condition of dramatic sym- one's nerves that the world is full of misery and pathy indeed so harmless to the man? The poet heart-break, pain, sickness and oppression." In continues with this interesting bit of autobiog- other words, the normal artist finds himself grad- raphy: “ It is a wretched thing to confess; but it ually weaned from his first indifference and detach- is a very fact, that not one thing I ever utter can ment. He begins to feel, as Keats quotes, “the bur- be taken for granted as an opinion growing out of den of the mystery," and is forced to explore it on my identical nature - how can it when I have no his own account. One can watch this deepening nature? When I am in a room with people, if I sincerity in the development of all sound genius. ever am free from speculating on creations of my A slight but very genuine art, such as Stevenson's, own brain, then not myself goes home to myself, bears witness to it. Of course Shakespeare is al- but the identity of every one in the room begins to ways the typical example. If one should complain, press upon me, so that I am in a very little time for instance, of the “Midsummer-Night's Dream,” annihilated.” So then the most typical of poets that its author(to quote Emerson) is simply "Master is authority for the confession of a recent novelist, of the Revels,” and has no moral or personal stake and Mr. Barrie's “Sentimental Tommy” is not in his own creation, one has but to open “Lear" the special instance that somehow the aggrieved to find oneself in the presence of intense moral reader felt like declaring it to be. The poetical sympathies and aversions through which a strong character has no self. It is everything and nothing. personality speaks. Evidently, in the development Sincerity, as plain men and women know sincerity, of an art, a man has been maturing, and steadily is impossible to the artist. The passions of art are using the vicarious sympathies of the artist more fictitious passions, and the reader is the dupe, if not and more in the service of conviction, of direct and of professional, at least of artistic sentimentality. personal passion. Somehow it does not put us on better terms with At any rate, M. Coquelin's plea for the dignity the artist that he is himself included in the deception of the actor's profession rested just here. He in- that he practises that he is not a man, but just sisted that the actor must never really abnegate his an emotional subject. For the moment we are own personality. For to impersonate, one must almost reconciled to the passing of art altogether. also interpret; and to interpret, the actor must For one need not be the worst of Philistines and preserve the critical vantage-point — the vantage- yet instinctively distrust an enjoyment so little self-point of individual experience and intellectual con- respecting in its origin, and ask with all serious- viction. ness whether, if the success of the artist does indeed It is a fine point in criticism, which simply mean the death of character, art itself is worth the goes to prove that the intellectual attitude of the price. dramatist, if he is to aim at the best success, can- But the statement itself grows more and more not really differ from that of other serious callings. questionable as we come to judge it by the history Shakspeare defined in his maturity the mission of of normal art. Is it really the absence of character the stage, and incidentally, we may suppose, of his that serves the artist? Say that the first condition own art: “to hold, as 'twere, the mirror up to of his art is his impressionability, to which he yields nature ; to show virtue her own feature, scorn her himself at the expense of those convictions, those own image, and the very age and body of the time self-limitations which shape character. Yet, with- his form and pressure." The most imaginative out convictions, an art has never been known to of men, the most subtle of natures (“just within develop along healthy lines. It lacks precisely that the possibility of authorship,” to quote Emerson constructive inspiration which separates sane art again), he justifies his art by its simple moral from our modern diseased impressionism — the im- purpose. Was it not precisely this simplicity of pressionism of which d'Annunzio and his analysis aim which kept Shakespeare's genius from the re- of the artist-soul in “ The Flame of Life" is a fla- fined debauchery of what is sometimes pleased to grant example. Mere curiosity about life, the love call itself the “ artistic” temperament? The man of emotional and intellectual adventure for its own was not the creature of his art. The art was ever sake, is no doubt the first motive of the imaginative increasingly the product of the man. as opposed to the moral genius. But such an ex- Edith BAKER BROWN. $ 1902.) 155 THE DIAL was kicked open, Hawthorne, while it may have been forged by Symmes. COMMUNICATION. A curious drowning incident is recorded, with the date missing, as in most of the other items. I have found IS “HAWTHORNE'S FIRST DIARY” A FORGERY? that the story is true in all its details, but it happened (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) in 1828, years after Hawthorne left Raymond, and after Five years ago Houghton, Mifflin & Co. published he ceased to be the boy who purports to be writing. for me a little volume with the title “Hawthorne's Symmes, however, was in that vicinity in 1828. See First Diary, with an Account of its Discovery and how cupningly he puts the story into Hawthorne's Loss." Nearly thirty years previous to this publica- mouth, writing forty years after the event described: tion, I was in correspondence with a mysterious per- “A young man named Henry Jackson, Jr., drowned son, whom, after his death in 1871, I found to be a two days ago, up in Crooked River. He and one of his mulatto named William Symmes, who was in the em- friends were trying which could swim the faster. Jackson ploy of Col. Baker's detective bureau in Washington was behind but gaining ; his friend kicked at him in fun, during the Civil War. When Hawthorne, then in his thinking to hit his shoulder and push him back, but missed, teens, was living with his mother in Raymond, Maine, and hit his chin, which caused him to take in water and this negro of about bis age was living in an adjoining strangle, and before his friend could help or get help, poor town, and they often hunted, fished, and skated Jackson was (Elder Leach says) beyond the reach of together. In a letter sent to me in 1870, for publi- mercy.' I read out of the Psalms to my mother this morn- ing, and it plainly declares twenty-six times, that 'God's cation in a weekly paper with which I was then con- mercy endureth forever.' I never saw Henry Jackson,- he nected, Symmes asserted that from a Maine soldier was a young man just married. Mother is sad; says she hailing from Raymond, whom he nursed in a Virginia shall not consent to my swimming any more in the mill-pond, hospital, be obtained a little manuscript volume - a with the boys, fearing that in sport my mouth might get sort of diary kept by Hawthor