to the surface
has been potential in his character all along,
although for the most part sternly suppressed
in the interest of what we have already styled
a false theory of art. Rereading his earlier
novels in the light of his later ones,
well as
in the light of his public acts, we discover in
them things that we never saw before, glimpses
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
245
The whimsical philosopher.--Autobiography of a
Criminal.-An economic study of Prosperity.-A
humorist's view of America in Cuba.- Books of
optimistic wisdom.— Bronze founders of Nurem-
berg. - Russian and French folk - tales about
Napoleon I.-Saunterings in Hertfordshire.—Daily
life in Spain and Portugal.- Brief sketches of
rural pleasures.
BRIEFER MENTION
248
as
NOTES
248
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
249


282
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
>
of the larger aspects of truth that he so stu- was tottering to a shameful end, and in its
diously sought to conceal, glints of sunlight execution he thus became involved in grave
struggling to make their way through the fog chronological difficulties. His scheme had as-
and suggestive of the glories beyond. From sumed a much longer term than the brief nine-
the position of the dispassionate scientific ob- teen years allotted by the fates for that ill-
server he has come to assume something of the starred experiment in imperialism, and he
position of the prophet, and his utterances have pursued his course without attempting the re-
gained immensely in weight and authority. construction that would have been required
by
Emile Zola was born in Paris in 1840, the a strict conformity to historical fact. The
year also of Daudet's birth. In his blood there twenty volumes to which the series extended
was a mingling of three strains, French, Ven. are of very uneven excellence, and have had
etian, and Greek. His boyhood years were varying fortunes. The earlier novels attracted
spent mostly at Aix (the Plassans of his fiction), no more than a moderate degree of attention,
but at the age of eighteen, the family fortunes but with the publication of “L'Assommoir”
having collapsed, he went back to the city of the author burst into the full light of notoriety
his birth. After a year or two more of school- and of at least a qualified fame. The volumes
ing which proved unsuccessful, owing to his that have received the most praise, besides the
pronounced dislike of the classics which were one just mentioned, are “Germinal,” a prose
the staple of the lycée instruction, he was thrown epic of the mine, “ La Débâcle," a vivid pre-
upon
his own resources. The following years
sentation of the War of 1870, “Le Rêve," a
were years of wretched poverty, and his literary masterpiece of mystical beauty, and “ La Faute
apprenticeship was made under difficult condi. de l'Abbé Mouret,” which is perhaps the most
tions, much like those that attended the early artistic of all the twenty. Among the compara-
struggles of Daudet to obtain a foothold as an tive failures may be mentioned “Le Ventre de
author. He wrote poems, short stories, and Paris," “ Pot-Bouille," "L'Argent,” “La Cou-
newspaper articles, then the series of six early quête de Plassans,” and “Dr. Pascal,” the final
”
novels which ended with “Thérèse Raquin volume of the series.
and Madeleine Férat." These books prepared Nearly half of these twenty volumes deal
the way for the famous Rougon-Macquart series with the most degraded aspects of life, and por-
to which he gave the next quarter-century of his tray the various forms of vice and bestiality
life.
with an unsparing pen. When it came to the
This stupendous undertaking, in magnitude practice of his theory, he was unflinching, and
,
comparable only with “La Comédie Humaine,' the foulness of such books as “ La Terre" and
was thought out in its general plan almost from “La Bête Humaine” naturally gives much
the beginning, and the imaginary genealogy of offense to the reader of artistic sensibilities. .
the whole series was devised with the inception Whether Zola can be wholly acquitted of the
of the first volume. The author's purpose was charge of having deliberately and of set purpose
to do for the Second Empire what Balzac had pandered to the most depraved tastes of his
done for the Restoration period, to write the readers is doubtful; what is certain is that his
natural history of French society in all of its great vogue in the eighties was due in no small
phases and developments. With this object in measure to the most repulsive characteristics
view, he imagined a family whose members in of his works. And yet — strange contradic-
several generations were to represent all the tion ! — he could follow up the vilest of his
principal types of life and occupation — their pages with such a revelation of tender and
lives seemingly diverse, yet linked together by spiritual beauty as is given us in “ Le Rêve," a
the mysterious tie of a common heredity, and book that has no suggestion of sensual stain,
illustrating in all of its manifestations an and transports us into
the loftiest realm of the
“overweening appetite, that general modern ideal. His own answer to the charge laid
impulse that snatches at enjoyment and inter-against him was, of course, that be depicted
penetrates our whole social body.” It was a life as he found it, that he described nothing
magnificent scheme, and the completed series that he had not observed, that reticence must
of volumes stands as one of the most magnifi- be a virtue unknown to the roman expérimen-
cent monuments of contemporary French liter- tal. That this is the supreme virtue in all
ature.
great and enduring art is a lesson that he never
When the undertaking was outlined, the learned.
author could not foresee that the Empire itself Some sort of comparison is inevitable be-


1902.)
233
THE DIAL
>
-
of
tween the work of Zola and the work of Balzac. things, the full recognition of those energies
The Rougon-Macquart books embodied the idea that manifest themselves in the religious life.
of the “Comédie Humaine" over again, but To direct these energies into rational channels
with all the differences that half a century- is his aim, not to impoverish the life of the
and that century the nineteenth - could make. soul by repressing them. In this endeavor,
Zola had studied his Balzac, but he had also the Zeitgeist is his potent ally, and the future
studied his Taine and his Flaubert; moreover, will remember with gratitude his work for the
he had become imbued with the scientific spirit, liberation of the spirit from the trammels of
and did his work in an age that had created superstition.
the science of sociology, and that had come to The last great work planned by the great
understand something of the workings of writer whose shocking death has left us with
heredity. These considerations will serve to such a sense of loss was the tetralogy of “Les
make the contrast clear, and we must supple- Quatre Evangiles.” The four gospels of the
ment them by saying that the sombre genius new religion of humanity are to be fruitfulness,
of Zola had no element of humor in its com- labor, truth, and justice. To each of these great
position. This fact alone made a “human themes a volume was to be devoted, and with
tragedy” out of what might otherwise have this magnificent conception we come to that
been another sort “ human comedy.” complete preoccupation with large ideas which
Finally, we must say that Zola, in his eager- 80 distinguishes the work of his latest years.
ness to present types, frequently forgot to Formerly, the central idea of a novel was apt to
make them human beings as well, and that the become submerged beneath the flood of detail
aim of his work throughout is not so much the that his method of treatment made necessary;
creation of individual characters as it is the at last he learned to keep the idea afloat, and
presentation of situations and tendencies and to make his voluminous observations contrib
the struggle of contending forces. At its best, ute to its exaltation. Of the four works pro-
this purpose led him to heights of epic grand-jected, “ Fécondité” and “Travail” have been
eur, but he achieved his most impressive effects published ;
published; “Vérité” has been practically
at the expense of that individual characteriza- completed, and “Justice” alone is left unem-
tion which the artistic novelist should never bodied in what we had hoped might become
permit to escape from his view.
the masterpiece among all his works. But
No sooner had Zola completed his score of perhaps the battle which he fought for justice
volumes devoted to the Rougon-Macquart an- in the arena of public life would have been
nals than he was at work upon the trilogy of held for a finer monument to that master-
“ Les Trois Villes.” In this less ambitious passion of great souls than the epic fiction
but still reasonably colossal undertaking, Ro- which he wished to consecrate to the idea. At
man Catholicism is the subject of investiga- least three of Zola's four gospels may be ac-
tion; and is studied successively at Lourdes, cepted by all who take an impersonal interest
Romė, and Paris. To quote from Professor B. in the welfare of mankind. In preaching the
W. Wells, who has provided the present arti gospel of fruitfulness he seems to us to have
cle with more than one suggestion, the central been mistaken. There is no people in the old
thought of the trilogy is "that emotional mys- world among whom well-being is more widely
ticism is a morbid compound of passion and diffused than among his countrymen, and the
pettiness, pity and pathos, sure to be exploited nearly stationary population of France ap-
by the spirit of ecclesiastical commercialism.” pears to be one of the chief reasons for this
The tendency of the work is strongly anti- fortunate state. Politicians and statesmen with
Catholic, but by no means anti-religious. The dreams of military glory may desire an increas-
determined foe of every form of supernatural ing birth-rate, but the sober pbilosopher will
religion, the sturdy champion of reason in its rather look with envy upon a people who are
secular struggle with unreason, Zola is yet no free from the constant increase of the pres-
shallow materialist or advocate of a hedonistic sure of population upon the means of sub-
ethics, but rather a voice pleading for the spir-sistence. But the gospels of labor and truth
.
itual qualities of human nature with all the and justice are eternally true, and the effort of
passion at his command. If he seems to speak no man's life could have a nobler consecration
too urgently in the name of science, it is be- than that with which Zola sought to crown
cause science bas for him a larger than the his own labors, and which he had so nearly
common meaning, and includes, among other achieved at the time of his sudden taking off.


234
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
When a great writer has died, and we come
to ask questions about his work, the final ques-
The New Books.
.
tion must always be as to whether that work
is destined to survive. For the writer who
A VIEW OF ALL THE RUSSIAS.
makes his appeal to the world in the terms of
art something more than ideas are needed to The liberality of Mr. Henry Norman’s politi-
secure immortality. If we grant all that may cal views, and the fact that, though an English-
be claimed for Zola's ideas by the most enthu- man, he was educated in Harvard University,
siastic of his followers, we are still confronted have enabled him to write a book on the Rus-
with the question of their expression. Now it sian people and State which is likely to prove
must be allowed that Zola's style is not, for the of peculiar interest to Americans. Mr. Norman
most part, distinguished. Three-fourths of his is, first of all, sympathetic with Russia, and be
many thousands of pages are heavy, shapeless, lieves the present Czar to be a man of dominant
and hopelessly inartistic. On the other hand, influence in his own dominions, bureaucratic
there are purple patches of composition that
traditions to the contrary notwithstanding, and
meet the reader's eye, often when he least ex- that immense autocratic power is exercised
pects them, and fairly startle him into admir- with a fine humanitarianism, and always for
ation. It is for the sake of these, if for any- the good of the Russian commonwealth. He
thing, that Zola's novels will continue to be is accordingly disposed to exalt the present
read. The bulk of his work is already dead; system of government as approximating the
it represents an impossible method and a dis- ideal of a beneficent despotism, and he certainly
credited literary tendency. But there is enough looks upon it as better calculated to serve the
of it that rises above the author's own theories needs of the governed here than any other sys- .
to retain for him the attention of all who are tem imaginable. He finds good in the childlike
willing to be at some pains for their literary disposition of the commonality, and in the per-
satisfactions. When the memory of the man fect accord existing between them and the
himself shall have passed away, and when his heirarchy, down to the humblest village priest.
books as a whole remain only as instructive Though by no means abstaining from sharp
documents for the history of nineteenth century and occasionally severe adverse criticism, his
sociology, we cannot believe that there will not tone is always kindly, and the work appears to
still be a few readers who, strictly for art's have been written with full comprehension of
sake, will feel that it is worth while to explore the many complex problems which it involves.
the wilderness of his work for its buried treas. It is certainly based upon a very unusual per-
ures. And in the bistory of modern fiction, sodal knowledge, including the results of many
the figure of Emile Zola, because of his fame extended journeys over almost the entire extent
and influence wbile he lived, cannot fail to oc- of the enormous Russian territory, in wbich the
cupy a commanding position.
author was at all times aided by the Russian
officials in the acquirement of knowledge. As
a result the work contains much matter of the
OXFORD, on the 8th inst., observed a notable anni- first importance, and presents many views which
versary — the three hundredth year of the opening of
the Bodleian Library, the first public library in England,
are not commonly held.
if not in Europe. The real event is anticipated, because
One reason, at least, why Mr. Norman found
it was not until November 8, 1602, that the present
so much charm in Russian society, using the
foundation was thrown open to the public by the munifi- word inclusively, may be found in such stories
cence of Sir Thomas Budley, once lecturer in Greek and as the following:
public orator. At his own expense he refitted the bare
“ Russian life abounds in incidents which illustrate
walls of the library of Humfrey, Duke of Gloucester,
founded about 1450, but allowed to be completely
a personal sympathy between high and low existing in
broken up and dispersed. Sir Thomas spent a fortune
no other society. I read, for instance, that one day a
upon his library. He also had the foresight to bargain
miserably ragged man begged an alms at a railway
with the Company of Stationers, in exchange for a gift
station from a prosperous-looking passenger. At that
of plate worth £50, that a copy of every book entered
moment a General - and it must be remembered that
at Stationers' Hall should go to the library. In time it
in Russia a General is a very great personage — with
came about that registry at Stationers' Hall was re-
his pretty young wife came upon the platform. •I will
quired to secure copyright, so that Oxford, as well as
give you five roubles,' said the man heartlessly, if you
the British Museum, and the public libraries at Cam- * ALL THE Russiag. Travels and Studies in Contempo-
bridge, Edinburg, and Dublin get a free copy of every rary European Russia, Finland, Siberia, the Caucasus, and
book published in Great Britain. The Bodleian Library Central Asia. By Henry Norman, M.P. Illustrated. New
contains 600,000 bound volumes.
York: Charles Scribner's Sons.


1902.]
235
THE DIAL
.
7
will kiss the General's wife.' The beggar went straight I do not defend the principle – I state the fact.
to the lady, fell upon his knees, and told her of his Pity 't is, 't is true.'”
plight. She listened, and then, getting her husband's
While it is somewhat reassuring to have this
permission, held out her cheek for him to kiss. The
Novoe Vremya, which told the story, added truly that question thus frankly put down as exemplify-
such magnanimity could only occur in Russia.” ing “the good old rule, the simple plan,
There are of course, many elements besides rather than to call it, as some Americans have,
that of magnanimity which are exotic in such the higher morality,” it is far from reassur-
a story, but it is pleasant to read nevertheless. ing to feel that Mr. Norman can find any pal-
This anecdote precedes a similar one in which liation whatever for an international crime by
the Czar is known to have complied with the pleading other international crimes, or that
universal custom at Eastertide by saluting a nations are free to act at all times without ref-
common soldier on sentry duty who was the erence to higher ideals or the dictates of a
first to offer him the greeting of the day. common conscience. So brutal a policy is
It is with St. Petersburg and the two Mos-bound to react disastrously upon the subjects
cows, old and new, that Mr. Norman's long or citizens of the state practising it, as Ameri-
narrative opens, and it does not close until a cans are learning to their sorrow, and as Great
large part of the earth's surface has been trav- Britain has just learned in a baptism of blood
ersed and practically all of it brought under and tears. If history were less insistent in
discussion. Mr. Norman went to see Count teaching the higher lesson that
Tolstoy, and assured him, to his hearer's ex-
“At whiles, or short or long,
May be discerned a wrong
pressed sorrow, that both socialism and the
Dying as of self-slaughter,"
single-tax movement were not as active in
England as formerly, and that so far as the
the lesson that greed, whether individual or
latter is concerned "nothing was being done
national, carries its own punishment, and that
about it at all.” This is a lapse, pardonable
the way which we find him here defending on
enough, in Mr. Norman's wide acquaintance leading down into the dark, — the author's
“ practical" grounds has been uniformly a way
with public affairs. The truth is, rather, that
practical socialism has assumed forms that
words would sound less specious and less
vicious.
have only recently been made the subject of
The story of the march of Muscovy across
inquiry, so threatening to public interests have
they begun to appear; while the underlying time, to English readers, gains new force
the continent of Asia, familiar as it is, by this
;
principles of the single-tax have made enormous
strides toward practical realization, and are
when described by one who has seen its effects
face to face. The story of the Russification
commanding more and more attention. This
lapse apart, and an occasional failure to trans-
of the Caucasus, of the principalities of central
literate Russian words uniformly, are, however,
Asia, through the Trans-Caspian railway and
the only errors noticeable in the work, remark.
its prolongation to the gates of Afghanistan,
and of the gain in civilization as a consequence,
able as it is in scope.
reads like a dream. This, to one who remem-
In speaking of Russia's successful efforts to
bers the tales of travellers not yet yellowed by
obliterate the autonomy of Finland, Mr. Nor-
time, is an example:
man, while admitting the unconstitutionality of
this action, goes on to lay down the following draws up to a long platform full of brilliant uniforms
“ The train slackens speed on the second evening,
argument in its defense :
whose wearers are escorting elegant ladies, while a
“ As a matter of plain fact, there is in human affairs band strikes up a gay tune, and your window stops ex-
of this kind no such thing as finality. Or rather, the actly opposite the word • Merv' over the central door-
only fioal thing is force majeure — imperative national way. You cannot quite believe it. But it is a fact.
self-interest. Before that, all promises are air, and The whole oasis of Merv, one of the most fertile spots
all treaties are black marks on white paper. I put
in the world, is as Russian as Riga ; and when you say
this brutally (foreseeing the consequences ); but there
• Merv'in central Asia you mean a long, low, neat, stone
is no use in mincing words. Every student of history, railway station, lit by a score of bright lamps in a row,
politics, or diplomacy knows it to be the simple truth; where the train cbanges engines, wbile in a busy tele-
and every country, not Russia alone, affords examples graph office a dozen operators sit before their clicking
in proof. Germany broke her promises to Denmark. instruments.”
France broke her promises about Madagascar. To It is from this neighborhood, so we are in-
come nearer bome, England has repeatedly pledged
formed, that Russia is obtaining a supply of
herself to evacuate Egypt, and the United States was
solemnly pledged to grant complete independence to
cotton for her rapidly increasing spindles which
Cuba. None of these pledges seems likely to be kept. are destined at no long interval to make her
6


236
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
:
6
"
manufacturers independent of the American its vast prosperity ; among the official and reactionary
product. The causes and effects of history class, to regard its institutions with profound disap-
are seldom more strikingly set forth than in a
proval; to anticipate the time when enough cotton will
be grown in Turkestan to make it safe for her to put a
subsequent passage dealing with this same
prohibitive tax upon every American bale ; or to wish
question as follows:
that the American billionaires would invest a few spare
“ The water-basin of this part of Trans-Caspia is in
millions in government guaranteed 4 per cent. bonds of
Persia, and the Amir of Afghanistan controls, in the
Russian railways. . . Beyond these things, America
River Murgbab, the water supply of the great Merv
does not exist for Russia, except when a troublesome
oasis and other districts. Therefore if these possessions Secretary of State puts a series of direct questions about
of Russia are ever to regain their ancient wealth, when
Manchuria or the Open Door, and insists upon answers
Merv, for instance, was really Queen of the World,' in writing. In fact, Russia, with no ill-will at all, thinks
Russia must rule in Persia and Afghanistan. North-
about America precisely what a great religious autoc-
ern Persia — the province of Khorassan — is probably
racy must think about a huge secular democracy four
at her mercy, to seize whenever an opportunity or an
thousand miles away. The rest is mere flag-wagging."
excuse presents itself, but Afghanistan is quite another There are scores of other interesting ques-
matter, for the British fleet blocks the way thither.
tions raised in this comprehensive work which
Thus the cotton crop of central Asia, and purchases
for Russia on the markets of Richmond and New Or- abundantly deserve reading in their context.
leans, for it is Russia's desire to grow all her own Certainly the thoroughness with which the
cotton and buy pone abroad, - depend at last upon the subject has been studied, and the illuminating
,
number of ironclads that fly the cross of St. George in
character of the work, justify the delay in its
the Channel and Mediterranean."
appearance. The numerous maps and pictures,
There are several chapters of summing up, it is well to add, have been specially produced
after the descriptions of the almost intermin. for their use here, and give the book much ad-
able journeys which have fallen to Mr. Nor- ditional value.
JOHN J. CULVER.
man's lot; a strongly written appreciation of
M. de Witte, the Russian minister of finance ;
and the statement that there is everything to
be gained and little to be lost by amity be- A BOOK OF ROCKY MOUNTAIN BIRDS.
tween Russia and Great Britain. The effect
of the Sultan’s grant to Germans for building book about the “Birds of the Rockies” with
One turns the pages of Mr. Keyser's new
a railway to Baghdad is described as marking a
new step in the political history of the world, feelings of pleasure and content, so charming
are its external features and so valuable its con-
and one almost ruinous to Russian aspirations
in that direction. There is a word of wisdom
tents. But with this feeling comes a yearning
about the relations of Russia and our own
desire to visit Colorado the very next spring-
country which is worth remembering, — though time, and experience for oneself the delights of
there will be little agreement among well- searching its plains and climbing its mountain
informed Americans that the instructions to heights in quest of the feathered fraternity that
the Russian fleet in New York harbor during his previous volume, “ In Bird Land,” for the
inbabit them. The author had prepared us in
the darkest days of the Civil War were “apo-
cryphal.” But the rest, strangely though it pleasure afforded in this. But he here traverses
sounds, is almost self-evident:
entirely new ground, and furnishes information
not to be gained elsewhere. The traveller and
“There has been for long in the United States a
belief that Russia is a genuine, sympathetic friend,
summer resident in the Rocky Mountains have
moved by admiration for the American people and their
been at a loss where to look for a popular ac-
institutions. This has grown up chiefly, I suppose, from count of the forms of bird-life that people the
the apocryphal narratives of the readiness of Russia to valleys and the acclivities, and even the sum-
intervene on the side of right during the war of the
Rebellion. Therefore the American people have fre-
mits, of the lofty peaks that lift their brows
quently made public profession of their friendship for
far into cloud-land; and this want the present
Russia, which Russia, needless to say, has cordially ac- volume admirably fills.
cepted ; for who would refuse such a gift? But the During the seasons of 1899 and 1901, Mr.
whole belief is a political soap-bubble. It is nothing Keyser explored the arid plains and mesas,
but a bright film in the ether. Russia likes to appear
a friend of the United States, because the effect of that
the deep cañons and the regions of highest
is to postpone any coöperation of England and America
BIRDS OF THE ROCKIES. By Leander S. Keyser. Illus-
in world affairs, - a contingency which Russia is not
trated by Louis Agassiz Fuertes and Bruce Horsfall,
the only power to fear. But beyond this, she seldom and with views of localities from photographs. Chicago:
thinks of the United States, except to admire and envy A. C. McClurg & Co.
>
a


1902.]
237
THE DIAL
6
a
altitude adjacent to the great thoroughfares The explorer was treated to other rare en-
cutting through the Continental Divide in Col. tertainments in his stealthy study of the birds.
orado. Afoot and alone, or with a companion More than one graphic description of the aerial
having tastes like his own, he clambered up evolutions of different species tempts the re-
and down the towering masses of Pike's Peak viewer to stay for a quotation.
and Gray's Peak, not to mention inferior em- “ The pipit, the horned lark, and Townsend's soli-
inences which he trod with slow step and pier- taire, in moods of exhilaration soared to dizzying
cing vision, that no secret of the “
From the
heights with eyes fixed boldly on the sun.
winged
top of Pike's head, more than fourteen thousand feet
rarities ” might escape him. The history of
above the sea, up, up, up, a pipit swung, in a series of
these adventures and discoveries is related
oblique leaps and circles, this way and that, until he
in vivid style and with gratifying fulness of became a mere speck in the sky, and then disappeared
detail.
from sight in the ceruleon depths beyond. All the
while I could hear his emphatic and rapidly repeated
Mr. Keyser's investigations began at Man-
call, · Te-cheer! te-cheer!' sifting down out of the blue
itou, where he found many of our common canopy. How long he remained aloft in his watch-
birds in abundance, and foremost among them tower in the skies, I do not know; for one cannot well
the robin, which was preaching its gospel of
count minutes in such exciting circumstances; but it
cheer with unabated devotion. The first real
seemed a long time. By and by the call appeared to
be coming nearer, and the little aëronaut swept down
stranger encountered was the western wood-
with a swiftness that made my blood tingle, and alighted
pewee. Instead of the sweet arc of sound on a rock as lightly as a snowflake.”
the eastern pewee describes, this bird of the. A favorite pastime with the broad-tailed
Rockies emits a shrill scream that is more humming bird is to
like a cry of anguish than a happy love-song. “Dart up in the air, and then down, almost striking a
Where the species are superabundant, the bush or a clump of grass at each descent, repeating
author describes their morning concerts as
tbis feat a number of times with a swiftness that the
positively distressing. In place of our gay
eye can
scarcely follow. Having done this, he will
swing up into the air so far that you can scarcely see
Baltimore oriole, Bullock's oriole (an equally him with the naked eye; the next moment he will drop
brilliant bird and a better singer) was plenti- into view, poise in mid-air seventy-five or a hundred
ful. Our lovely rose-breasted grosbeak was feet above your head, supporting himself by a swift
replaced by the black-headed grosbeak; our
motion of the wings, and simply hitching to right and
familiar tanager, in flaming scarlet, gave way
left in short arcs, as if he were fixed on a pivot, some-
times meanwhile whirling clear around. There he hangs
to the Louisiana tanager, bedight in yellow on bis invisible axis until you grow tired watching him,
plumes; while our towhee bunting was repre- and then he darts to his favorite perch on a dead tree.”
sented by the green-tailed bunting and wholly Mr. Keyser was fortunate in finding the
surpassed by him in power of vocalization. nests of most of the species that came under
The song of the latter species, Mr. Keyser tells his observation, but in every instance the
us,“ is wild and free, has the swing of all out- sanctity of the little home was held inviolate.
“
doors, and is not pitched to a minor key." At To fit the volume for more extended service,
every turn he met some new bird which to see the author has supplemented his text with a
and hear excited fresh interest and delight. check-list of the birds known to occur in Col.
The upper part of the ascent of Pike's Peak, orado. Only two States in the Union, Texas
dragging hours on into the night, had been to and California, can boast of as rich an avi-
our author a painful, almost a tragical, expe- fauna, the number of species noticed amount-
rience; yet a day spent with the rosy finches ing to 389. Of these 249 remain to breed.
and the pipits, birds that range over the bald Copious illustrations add their enticement to
plateau that crowns the tremendous height, the work. Eight are full-page plates by Mr.
restored the vigor of the traveller, and he set Louis Agassiz Fuertes, four of which are in
out on the return tramp in a state of high ex- color; eight full.page photographs of scenes
hilaration.
by the way are reproduced; and a multitude
“ As I began the descent, I whistled and sang, - of dainty pictures by Mr. Bruce Horsfall are
that is, I tried to. To be frank, it was all noise and no set in the margin or venture midway into the
music; but I must have some way of giving expression pages. An index furnishes the final accessory
to the uplifted emotions that filled my breast. Again
to a book that is a tribute to the æsthetic de-
and again I said to myself, • I'm so glad! I'm so glad!
I'm so glad!' It was gladness pure and simple, – the
mands of the cultivated reader.
dictionary has no other word to express it.”
SARA A. HUBBARD.


238
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
a
a
government, the author emphatically denies ;
NAPOLEON AND THE PEACE OF AMIENS.*
yet the first impression in France, that En-
No other incident in the career of Napoleon gland had yielded everything merely to gain a
bas caused greater controversy than the sud- breathing spell in which to prepare for a re-
den rupture of the Treaty of Amiens, and the
newal of the struggle, inevitably rendered less
renewal of war between France and England
secure the permanence of peace itself, for pop-
after a brief and troubled experience of peace. ular distrust created an exaggerated tenderness
It has been hitherto the generally accepted for national honor, which was bound to react
belief of English bistorians that the rupture of
upon the French government. Napoleon him-
the Peace of Amiens was not a disappointment, self believed England to be honest, and power-
but rather a satisfaction, to Napoleon ; indeed, less; and thus believing, rapidly pushed his
that the renewal of war was but the culmina agressions upon the continent, drafted vast
tion of a plan conceived, and in part matured, schemes of colonial expansion, and in diplo-
by the great commander himself.
matic notes to Russia and Austria suggested a
In regard to this important point, as to
partition of the Turkish Empire, this last being
many others, it becomes necessary to reverse
but a step in the furtherance of his plans for a
previous opinions in the new light brought to control of the land route to India. Hence, says
bear upon the events of that time by Mr. J. H.
Mr. Rose, came England's determination to
Rose, in his recent scholarly life of Napoleon, keep Malta, or to secure some equivalent sta-
Mr. Rose's work, the result of many years' tion in the Mediterannean, which, it is sur-
study among the records of the British Foreign prising to learn, was first urged by Russia,
Office, presents and proves so many new facts, whose government was alarmed at Napoleon's
that theories of events and even periods in plans of Eastern dominion. Indeed, the author
Napoleon's life must be wholly reconstructed.
cites the exact despatch in the foreign office
In the chapters on “ The Peace of Amiens
showing that the retention of Malta had pre-
and “The Renewal of War,” Mr. Rose gives | viously been urged by the Russian government.
in detail an account of diplomatic events, some
A little later, it is true, Napoleon, by a clever
of them new, and offers a logical explanation and flattering appeal to Alexander for friendly
of the causes resulting in the termination of intervention, secured a Russian demand that
peace. Thus it is shown by exact citations that England evacuate Malta. Napoleon, however,
Cornwallis, the English negotiator, actually did
not being aware of the earlier Russian sug-
concede more than the English government was
gestion, and believing England friendless, and
prepared to yield, and did violate his instruc- her administration weak, publicly committed
tions, — instructions which reached him be-
himself by threats and inspired articles in the
fore, not after, the signing of the treaty, the “ Moniteur” to an insistence upon England's
usual statement to the contrary notwithstand- withdrawal from Malta. In this he went too
ing. Until now there has been no positive ver-
far, for in reality he did not desire to renew
ification of this fact, and it has rested solely
war at the moment. But public sentiment in
upon a verbal statement by Napoleon, made
France, the popular tenderness for national
long after the occurrence itself.
These ex-
honor, suspicious from the first of English sin-
treme concessions were taken in France to
cerity, forced him to maintain the stand he had
indicate a suspicious generosity on the part of taken. Thus the all-powerful ruler of France
the British government, as Mr. Rose shows by
was trapped, or rather trapped himself, into a
a quotation from a report by a semi-official
war for which he was not prepared. Mr. Rose
secret agent in Paris, who wrote:
supports this thesis with much documentary
“I cannot get it into my head that the British min-
and diplomatic evidence, concluding “I can.
istry has acted in good faith in subscribing to the pre-
I
liminaries of peace, which, considering the respective
not agree ... that Napoleon wanted war.
positions of the parties, would be barmful to the En-
think he did not, until his navy was ready.”
glish people. . . . People are persuaded in France that From the historian's point of view, it is in
the moderation of England is only a snare put in Bona-
such incidents as the one just cited that Mr.
parte's way, and it is mainly in order to dispel it that
Rose's “ Life of Napoleon ” is chiefly valuable.
our journals bave received the order to make much of
the advantages which must accrue to England from the
He has added much to our knowledge of En-
con quests retained by her.”
glish diplomatic action for the period, and
Such insincerity on the part of the English incidentally has thereby suggested many rea-
*THE LIFE OF NAPOLEON I. By John Holland Rose. In
sonable hypotheses for hitherto clouded causes
two volumes. New York: The Macmillan Co,
of action in Napoleon's career. But it would
66


1902.)
239
THE DIAL
be unjust to the author to specify these merits of more than a passing notice, for it is far from
alone. His work is naturally much concerned being the ordinary collection of campaign rem-
with non-English sources, and in these he ex- iniscences. Written in an easy and vivacious
hibits an unusual degree of scholarly care in style, it is remarkable for the fidelity with
,
selection. Moreover he has produced a dis- which the strangeness, to the youthful partic-
tinctly readable life, sane, yet full of admira- ipant, of the situations and episodes which
tion for the genius of his hero, scientific, yet were daily occurring, is here reproduced. One
entertaining
who encountered similar experiences during a
Mr. Rose's book is conspicuously given over like service in the army of the Republic, in
to the examination of Napoleon's public career, reading these pages is transported back to the
not lacking in analysis of his strong personality, days of his own adolescence, and here renews
but excluding much traditional gossip. While, the sensations which thrilled his young soul
however, the reader is spared many of the wbile in camp or on the march.
realistic, and sometimes unpleasant, details of Mr. Benton is a good raconteur and a ready
Napoleon's private life and habits, he is shown word-painter; and, fortunately for his readers,
the best, indeed the truest, side of his charac- it is not the trite incidents of the war-time
ter. Yet the narrative does not suffer, the which have chiefly attracted his attention.
interest is maintained, and the book is brought One gets here a vivid picture of the General
a
to a conclusion without any resort to melo- whose manner of holding his cigar in his
dramatic effects to hold attention. Mr. Rose's mouth told his observant followers whether his
Bonaparte is one who
anticipations were of a quiet and peaceful camp,
" In his temperament as in the circumstances of his time or of a hot battle; and of the southern buz-
was destined for an extraordinary career; a man who zard, whose lazy, circling flight over the camp
dared mucb, achieved much, and in his fall still beld
the love of many peoples, yet whose fall was not due
led the Yankee boys to imagine that “ He's
to the treachery of politicians, or the failings of the
counting us”; and one again hears distinctly
French, but to his own character and the character of the familiar voice of the mule, whose trumpet
the age in which he lived."
tones were understood to sing out, “Jo-o-
Mr. Rose has given us quite the best short Hook-er, Hook-er, Hook-er!”
life of Napoleon in English.
Mr. Benton's fidelity of recollection is valu-
E. D. ADAMS. able historically. He remembers and quotes
correctly General Sherman's condensed opinion
of the harshness of war, a remark which has
been so many times quoted in a profane form
LIGHTS AND SHADOWS OF THE CIVIL WAR.*
that many persons of the present generation
Replete with vivid recollections of battles have come to believe that such were in fact
and campaigns, and redolent of camp and field the words of Sherman. But Mr. Benton states
and bivouac, a little book now comes to relate his epigram in the very words which were
to us, after the lapse of forty years, a succes- attributed to Sherman at the time the saying
sion of episodes of the Civil War, “as seen was first made current in 1863: “War is
from the ranks." The writer was a boy soldier cruelty; you cannot refine it.”
and musician in the 150th New York Volun. A conspicuous illustration is given by our
teers. Enlisting in the fall of 1862, as one of author of the readiness of the Union soldier to
“three bundred thousand more," he served to meet every emergency and fill every demand in
the close of the war, traversing about one half society, government, or administration. The
the extent of the Confederacy. His duties as entry of Sherman's army into Savannah, though
a musician in camp and on parade, and as a anticipated, came at last with such suddenness
stretcher-bearer in the battle-field, allowed him as to drive out the working force of the “Sa-
a broad and free view of the striking features vannab Republican” between two issues of the
of such an extended range of experiences. newspaper. The men of the occupying army
Evidently he saw with keen and quick eyes, stepped in, set type from copy prepared by
and the scenes and sounds which were, to an their comrades, ran the presses, and on the day
inexperienced boy, full of novelty, impressed of their entry into the city sent forth and dis-
themselves indelibly upon a lively imagination tributed the daily paper without the loss of a
and a retentive memory. His book is worthy single issue.
a
Mr. Benton disclaims the attempt to write
* A8 SEEN FROM THE RANKS. By Charles E. Benton.
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
history. But the history of the Civil War,
>


240
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
which the future is to furnish us, will be drawn these fields for some revelation of their discoveries.
largely from such sources of original and The credulous public as well as the naturalist will
authentic information as this book; and the have difficulty in separating the fabric of romance
freshness and animation of his style of compo-
from the framework of facts in any contribution
sition might well be employed in writing an
prepared to meet the demands and rewards of the
popular animal story.
account of the operations of the entire war, so
Just as the historical play or novel rests on some
full and complete that his readers would gladly knowledge of the times and places in which the
class it as history. JAMES 0. PIERCE. drama or romance was enacted, so the animal
story requires a background of facts drawn from
science for its setting. The success of all three
types of literature depends much less on their faith-
BEASTS, BIRDS, AND FISHES,*
ful portrayal of historical or scientific fact than on
In his most charming foreword to “ The Kin-
their form and action. The play and the novel are
dred of the Wild ” Mr. Roberts traces the genesis
not history, nor is the animal story primarily ani-
of the animal story of to-day from the engrossing
mal psychology. It is not the psychology of it but
part which it played in the drama of primitive interesting to most readers.
the simple romance or tragedy of it which makes it
man through the stages of fable, tale of adventure,
animal anecdote, the purpose story as in “ Black
It would be unjust to Mr. Roberts to impate to
Beauty,” up to the frankly humanized tales of Mr.
his tales any breath of suspicion that he has dis-
torted the facts of science. Of all recent stories his
Kipling. Its further evolution has freed it from
the human element and carried it into the field of
carry to the skeptical the most conviction of scru-
animal psychology.
pulous faithfulness in detail of fact. It would be
“Our chief writers of animal stories at the present
equally unfair to him not to recognize that his great
day may be regarded as explorers of this unknown
success lies primarily not in this phase of the work,
world, absorbed in charting its topography. They
but in the technique of its presentation and in the
work, indeed, upon a substantial foundation of known tragedy or comedy which runs through his simple
facts. They are minutely scrupulous as to their natural narrative. Mr. Roberts should not throw dust in
history, and assiduous contributors to that science. But the eyes of his readers.
above all they are diligent in their search for the mo- The most of the stories combined in this volume
tive beneath the action. Their care is to catch the
have appeared in periodical literature prior to their
varying, illusive personalities which dwell back of the
collection here. They will bear rereading many
luminous brain windows of the dog, the horse, the deer,
times. In purity and delicacy of diction, in whole-
or wrap themselves in reserve behind the inscrutable
eyes of all the cats, or sit aloof in the gaze of the
someness and absence of the shadows of coarseness
hawk and the eagle. The animal story at its highest
or brutality which have crept into some animal
point of development is a psychological romance con-
stories, and in lightness and freedom of action, Mr.
structed on a framework of natural science."
Roberts's animal stories are unsurpassed.
Naturalists have no quarrel with the romances A comprehensive and popular account of the
of animal psychology. They enjoy the stories as
food and game fishes of America within a compass
much, if not more, than do other folk. When, permitting a moderate price has long been needed.
however, the romancers claim to be explorers in
The man who fishes, whether for sport or for the
animal psychology and assiduous contributors to
pan, and he whose piscatorial interests have only the
natural history the startled scientist scans in vain
gastronomic motive, will find in "American Food
the unpaid pages of the chronicles of research in
and Game Fishes" an authoritative and very com-
THE KINDRED OF THE WILD. A Book of Apimal Life.
plete treatise by whose use the proper designation,
By Charles G. D. Roberts. Illustrated by Charles Livingston scientific or vernacular, may be found of all the
Bull. Boston: L. C. Page & Co.
American fish used as food or lured by the angler.
AMERICAN FOOD AND GAME FISHEs. By David Starr
President Jordan, of Stanford University, and Dr.
Jordan and Barton Warren Evermann. Illustrated from
photographs by A. Radclyffe Dugmore. New York: Double-
B. W. Evermann, ichthyologist of the United States
day, Page & Co.
Fish Commission, have condensed from their more
THE DEER Family. By Theodore Roosevelt, T. S. Van extensive and more technical “Fisbes of Middle
Dyke, D. G. Elliott, and A.J. Stone. Illustrated. (Amer- and North America,” recently brought out by the
ican Sportsman's Library.) New York: The Macmillan Co.
Smithsonian Institution, this popular work. The
UPLAND Game Birds. By Edwyn Sandys and T. S. Van
Dyke. Illustrated. (American Sportsman's Library.) New
attractive colored plates contained in the volume
York: The Macmillan Co.
have been reproduced by lithography. They are
AMONG THE WATERFOWL. Observation, Adventure, Pho- well supplemented by numerous photographs from
tography. By Herbert K. Job. Illustrated. New York:
life by Mr. A. R. Dugmore, some of which excel
Doubleday, Page & Co.
the best productions of the artist in delineating the
NATURE PORTRAITS. Studies with Pen and Camera of
our Wild Birds, Animals, Fish, and Insects. Text by the
characteristic pose of the fish at rest or in action.
Editor of “Country Life in America." New York: Double-
The book contains brief scientific diagnoses of all
day, Page & Co.
the important fish, with keys for their determination
in
7


1902.]
241
THE DIAL
and notes on their habits, life histories, distribution, test of the worth of any sport is the demand that sport
food value, and qualities as game fish or commercial makes upon those qualities of mind and body which in
importance. Its scope includes all fish found north
their sum we call manliness."
of Panama, both fresh water and marine, from both The author defends vigorously the solid advan-
sides of the continent. It is a comprehensive and tages of big-game hunting from the standpoint of
authoritative work of reference for all who are in- national character. It is an antidote to that soft-
terested in the finny tribes or who seek information ening of fibre incident to the highly complex in-
on this phase of nature. Readers upon the Pacific
dustrialism of our life and the character of many of
coast will feel that Dr. Jordan bas exercised undue its enjoyments. Furthermore, the big-game hunter
restraint in giving but brief descriptions of the humane, keen-eyed, strong-limbed, and stout-
famous leaping tuna of Santa Catalina and of the hearted should also be a field naturalist, an
huge jewfish of southern waters, and in leaving to adept with the camera. This quest “ will tax his
the ubiquitous railway advertisement all illustration skill far more than hunting with the rifle, while the
of these interesting monsters of the deep.
results in the long run will give much greater satis-
faction."
It is fitting that the initial volume of the “ Amer-
ican Sportsman's Library,” edited by Mr. Caspar A somewhat different tone pervades the volume
Whitney, should deal with “ The Deer Family," on "Upland Game Birds" by Mr. Edwyn Sandys,
that it should have as its authors a group of men
in the same series. Here the point of view is that
famous in the annals of sport in our forests, plains, of the professional sportsman to whom the shooting
and mountains, and that it should be dedicated to of birds is a vocation rather than an avocation.
the “ lover of the wild, free, lonely life of the wil. The full bag is the criterion of success, though the
derness, and of the hardy pastimes known to the ethics of the sport seem to be sadly warped at
sojourners therein."
times. Useful wrinkles for circumventing the sel-
« The chase of all these noble and beautiful animals fish farmer and getting the advantage of your in-
has ever possessed a peculiar fascination for bold and experienced comrade find a place in the work.
hardy men, skilled in the use of arms and the manage- “Some men love to show their superior knowl-
ment of the horse, and wonted to feats of strength and edge, and your comrade may nibble at your bait, and
endurance."
promptly illustrate the proper method of getting a bird
The first half of the volume, — by Mr. Theodore
out of brush which is by jumping on the pile. He
Roosevelt, deals with the mule-deer, the whitetail
gets the bird out of the brush, but you get the shot nine
or Virginia deer, the pronghorn antelope, and the
times out of ten."
wapiti. Their habits, present and past geographical
To the credit of the author he also states the other
distribution, and relative merits as objects of the
side of the question.
chase, are fully set forth, and the methods pursued “Needless to say, by far the better way, in fact the
in their quest are illustrated with many a personal only sportsmanlike way, is to insist upon a fair and
anecdote of the bunt in the Bad Lands of the Little
square sharing of all hard work, rough beats, and
Missouri. Mr. T. S. Van Dyke writes of the deer
choice positions. . . . Sharp practice is a deadly foe
and elk of the Pacific coast, Mr. D. G. Elliott of
to sport; yet it is astonishing how far some men will
the caribou of the far north, and Mr. A. J. Stone
go in their eagerness to make the heaviest bag."
contributes a well-worded discussion of the moose
The author laughs at the sentimentalism of the
- the most cunning of all the large animals of
good ladies who object to dove shooting, and sug-
North America and the first prize of the American
gests that it is easily overcome by a mess of doves
big-game hunter. The book is written primarily
or some columbine millinery. He underestimates
for the hunter, but the field naturalist and every
the motives which have inspired the movement to
lover of nature will prize the insight into the lives
preserve our beautiful mourning dove from the fate
of the deer and his kin which may be gained here.
of the wild pigeon. The book deals with the part-
The introduction, written by the first-named ridge and grouse families, the ptarmigan and tur-
author, contains a stirring plea for the preservation keys, woodcock, plover, cranes, and the dove. Mr.
of our forests and of the wild things that dwell
T. S. Van Dyke writes of the quail and grouse of the
therein for the benefit and enjoyment of the public,
Pacific coast. The book is well written in a breezy,
and for wise legislation toward that end and its easy-going style, with little formality in language
strict enforcement. He trenchantly condemns the
or arrangement. It is interesting reading, but it
game butcher.
leaves one with a better opinion of Bob White than
“Such a man is wholly obnoxious; and, indeed, so is
of some of his persecutors.
any man who shoots for the purpose of establishing It is a wholly different kind of sport that Mr.
record of tbe amount of game killed. If he is worthy
of the name of true sportsman he will feel infinitely
Job pursues in his “ Among the Water Fowl.”
more satisfaction in a single successful shot which comes
His hunting is with the camera and his bag a
to crown the triumph of his hardihood and address in
holder full of well-earned plates. His quest re-
exploring the wilds, and in the actual stalk, than he quires even more patience, skill, and risk than that
would in any amount of shooting at creatures driven of the more sanguinary hunter, while his success
past him from artificially stocked covers. The best I brings pleasure to many others than himself. The


242
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
book recounts his experiences and portrays ex- pathies by his innate refinement of character and
amples of his success in photographing water fowl the clean manliness of his living. He represents
in their native haunts, in flight and afloat and upon an ideal that was probably never realized, yet the
their nests. His field is a new one and his work separate touches by which he is drawn for us bear
unique. His experiences for many years among the visible stamp of truth. His story is a series of
the lakes and marshes of western prairies and the episodes that may be enjoyed independently of one
almost inaccessible rocky islets of our northeastern another, although they are held in a sort of unity
shores form a tale of adventure quite as interesting by his relations with the New England girl who
as that which any wielder of a Winchester might comes to Wyoming to teach school, and who
relate. The book is not a manual of aquatic birds, promptly develops into as satisfactory a heroine as
but presupposes some knowledge of grebes and one could wish for. She gives him books to read,
terns, cormorants and petrels, and other winged and his frank comments upon them are both hu-
folk. It combines the elements of a narrative of morous and refresbing. There are other humorous
adventure and a contribution to natural history. features, notably that which describes the mixing
Lovers of birds will bid the new sport Godspeed, up of a dozen babies by changing their clothes —
and welcome this form of sportsman to their ranks. a prank not quite in keeping with the Virginian's
character, but nevertheless irresistibly amusing. In
In the imposing portfolio of “Nature Portraits”
the course of his career he finds himself a member
Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co. have brought to-
of a lynching party, and the author makes the usual
gether many of the choicest illustrations which have
sophistical defense of this wild form of justice.
appeared in their well-known “ Nature Series” and
“ The Virginian” is a man's book, with not one
in other publications bearing their imprint. The
touch of sickly sentiment, and must be regarded as
text, obviously but a thread on which to hang the
a valuable human document because of the author's
pictures, consists of five brief essays on pertinent
intimate acquaintance with the scenes and types
aspects of nature-study, from the pen of Mr. L. H.
which it portrays.
Bailey, editor of “ Country Life in America.” In
It is to the outskirts of Bret Harte's country
addition to a large number of half-tone engravings
that we are taken by Mr. Frank Lewis Nason, in a
sprinkled throughout the text, there are fifteen
novel called “ To the End of the Trail.” We mean
detached plates especially adapted for framing.
this not so much in the geographical as in the
Several of these are direct photographic contact
prints, and others are reproduced in photogravure California, but the situations and the characters are
romantic sense, for the scene is Colorado and not
and colors, forming together a series of great at-
of the kind with which Harte has made us fa.
tractiveness and interest. The photogravure front-
miliar. Tough Nut, in particular, is a hero of the
ispiece, from a photograph of deer taken by Mr.
A. G. Wallihan, is an especially beautiful plate.
mining.camp who is worthy of a place in Harte's
gallery, and the Big Swede is represented with just
CHARLES ATWOOD KOFOID.
the combination of womanly attractiveness and cal-
culating wickedness that Harte would have delighted
in portraying. The whole effect of the story is un-
real and theatrical, but in this very artificiality is
RECENT FICTION.*
its fascination, a fact which again reminds us of the
“ The Virginian” is the story of a nameless hero. master whom Mr. Nason has studied to such good
Throughout the book he is called “the Virginian” purpose.
and nothing else. But although nameless, as far
.
Mr. George McCutcheon, encouraged by his last
as we are informed, he is one of the most distinct
year's success with “Graustark,” has produced a
personalities that have appeared in American fic- second novel and called it “ Castle Craneycrow.”
tion. A Wyoming cow-boy, representing a phase It is noticeably better than its predecessor, although
of our civilization that has almost completely van- it can hardly be described as a literary composition.
ished - although it was real enough a quarter of There is something rather engaging about the
a century ago, — uneducated and unskilled in the
frankness with which the author scorns everything
amenities of artificial society, be conquers our sym-
THE JUST AND THE UNJUST. By Richard Bagot. New
* THE VIRGINIAN. A Horseman of the Plains. By York: John Lane.
Owen Wister. New York: The Macmillan Co.
LUCK O' LASSENDALE. By the Earl of Iddesleigh, New
TO THE END OF THE TRAIL. By Frank Lewis Nason. York: John Lane.
Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
THE VULTURES. A Novel By Henry Seton Merriman.
CASTLE CRANEYCROW. By George Barr McCutcheon. New York: Harper & Brothers.
Chicago: Herbert S. Stone & Co.
THE WAY OF A MAN. By Morley Roberts. New York:
THE CLAYBORNES. A Romance of the Civil War. By D. Appleton & Co.
William Sage. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
THE PHARAOH AND THE PRIEST. An Historical Novel of
IN THE DAYS OF St. Clair. A Romance of the Mus- Ancient Egypt. From the original Polish of Alexander Glo-
kingum Valley. By James Ball Naylor. Akron: Saalfield vatski by Jeremiah Curtin. Boston: Little, Brown & Co.
Publishing Co.
THE ROMANCE OF LEONARDO DA VINCI, the Forerunner.
THE MAID-AT-ARMs. By Robert W. Chambers. New By Dimitri Merejkowski. Translated from the Russian by
York: Harper & Brothers.
Herbert Trench, New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.


1902.]
243
THE DIAL
a
a
in the nature of style and probability and the de- her behalf. The situation thus described is no doubt
picting of possible human beings, and devotes him- possible, but it is certainly the exceptional case, and
self solely to the making of a plot and the devising we cannot help feeling that such a portrayal illus-
of a breathless succession of striking incidents. He trates the most insidious form of immorality in fic-
bas enough invention to make up, in part, for his tion. It is a favorite device of novelists to present
lack of everything else in the novelist's equipment, this problem in this way, but it represents a reaction
and we should not be surprised to find “Castle that has been carried too far. This particular novel
Craneycrow” among the most widely read of the is of the well-bred sort, written in the best of taste
season's books. The stratum of readers which such as far as the details are concerned, but clearly open
a book attracts is immensely populous, although its to criticism on account of its main idea. Although
praise is not exactly of the sort for which a serious for the most part a well-written book, there are now
novelist would care.
and then grammatical lapses of an astonishing sort,
Still another story of the Civil War with a Vir. blunders that are obviously the result of an occa-
ginian setting and Virginian types of character is sional moment of carelessness rather than of defec-
given us in “The Clay bornes,” by Mr. William tive educational equipment.
Sage. Here the special theme is of brother against A more hapless piece of fiction than “ Luck o'
brother, and we follow the fortunes of the two men Lassendale" it is not often the lot of the reviewer
as they fight upon their respective sides in the great to encounter. It is the work of the Earl of Iddes-
internecine struggle. The operations around Vicks- leigh, but even the name of a “noble lord” cannot
burg and the final scenes at Richmond and Appo- save so inane and dreary a story from speedy ob-
mattox are the historical episodes upon which our livion. Those wbo read it will silently wonder how
attention is chiefly focussed. The story is a good such a performance ever found its way into print,
example of careful but uninspired workmanship, and proceed to forget all about it as quickly as pos-
essentially right in the placing of its sympathies,sible. How Sir Francis Lassendale, wishing to en-
and having enough of sentimental interest to hold large the fortune left him by his father's death,
the attention of romantically inclined readers. plunged into stock speculation, became a company
Dr. James Ball Naylor is not exactly inspired promoter, and speedily made ducks and drakes of
by the genius of romantic fiction, but he contrives all his property, is the story, if such it may be
to tell a fairly readable story of the conventional called, of this volume. There is throughout the
sort. “In the Days of St. Clair,” a story of the book neither a character nor a scene that betokens
early settlers in the Ohio Valley, is carefully studied the author's possession of the novelist's talent in its
from the sources, and presents a moving picture of most rudimentary form.
pioneer hardships and desperate Indian encounters. “ The Valtures" is the latest, and in some re-
It has a noticeable melodramatic cast, and the vil- spects the most successful, of Mr. Henry Seton Mer-
lain has all the familiar attributes of his type, riman's novels. He seems to have carried about
whether displayed on or off the stage. The element to its extreme limit his peculiar method of terse
of humor is supplied by a negro servant, but the narrative, which strips away all surplusage, and
writer would have been better advised had he re- requires the reader at every step to make his im-
sisted the temptation to be humorous.
agination react upon the material offered, in order
« The Maid-at-Arms,” by Mr. Robert W. Cham- to supply what a less skilful novelist would write
bers, may almost be described as “ Cardigan out at length. This method certainly compels strict
again. The hero this time is a Southerner, the time attention to the business at band, and when com-
is a year or two later, and Sir William Johnson is bined, as in the present instance, with a plot of
dead, but otherwise the story is almost a replica of remarkably ingenious construction, it produces the
parts of the earlier one. Mr. Chambers has shown best sort of story of the merely entertaining sort.
good judgment in his choice of a model, for “Car- The scene is mainly in Warsaw, and the story has
digan" is the strongest of his novels, but an author to do with the plotting of the irreconcilable Polish
is hardly justified in repeating himself so closely. contingent. It leads eventually, although in indi-
The story is admirable, romantic in feeling and in- rect fashion, to the historical assassination of the
cident, exciting in its complications, and satisfactory Czar Liberator. It derives its title from the groups
in its outcome.
of diplomats who figure among the chief charac-
Mr. Richard Bagot, in “ The Just and the Un- ters, and who, scenting the coming disturbances,
just,” has turned from the field of Catholic contro- are brought together in Warsaw at the critical time.
versy in fiction to the portrayal of secular English One of them, the attaché of the English Foreign
society. His novel contrasts two familiar types Office, is the hero of the novel, and his love for
of women, the one who, while preserving the out- the beautiful Polish Countess, the daughter of the
ward conventionalities, is morally corrupt to the arch-conspirator, affords the chief romantic interest
core, and the one who remains essentially gen. of the book. Mr. Merriman has the excellent habit
erous and high-minded in spite of a deliberate lapse of studying upon the spot the scenes of his novels,
from virtuous living. The comparison is all in favor which enables him to do the descriptive parts with
of the latter woman, and the author has done bis close truthfulness.
best to enlist our sympathies and our admiration in “ The Way of a Man,” by Mr. Morley Roberts,
over
a
"
a
a


244
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
of a
a
a
is a novel that turns out to be about the
way customs, and historical episodes, but also Egyptian
woman for the most part. She is the sort of modes of thinking. We should say that this was
woman whom most men would describe as typ- its chief claim upon our consideration.
ically feminine in her conduct, while most women, Reports from Continental Europe have for some
hearing this ascription, would indignantly repudiate time past made much account of a great historical
it on behalf of their sex. She is a very lively young trilogy by the Russian writer Professor Dimitri
English girl who yearns for experiences and gets Merejkowski. The general theme of this work, as
them. She also yearns for a lover who can do things, suggested by the title “Christ and Antichrist,” is
and she gets him too, in the person of the revolu- | the fundamental antagonism between the Pagan
tionary president of a two-penny Spanish-American and Christian ideals, and the three several sections
republic. Meanwhile, the poor stockbroker's clerk, of the work focus our attention, respectively, upon
whom she has fired with unholy ambitions, and dis- the three figures of Julian the Apostate, Leonardo
patched to Central America to perform deeds of da Vinci, and Peter the Great. The entire series
daring for her sake, learns that his best achieve- has found an English translator in Mr. Herbert
ments make but a poor showing in contrast with Trench, and two of the three volumes have already
those of a political brigand to the manner born. been offered to the English-reading public. When
The story is of the liveliest interest, and the heroine the first volume, “ The Death of the Gods," came
is as charming as she is impulsive and irrational. to our attention last year, we found it disappointing.
Mr. Alexander Glovatski, the Polish novelist It made a great display of erudition, and the char-
whom Mr. Jeremiah Curtin now introduces to acter of the emperor was finely conceived; but the
the American public with a translation of “ The sum total of the effect was confusing, and the author
Pharaoh and the Priest,” is already a veteran man seemed incapable of infusing with life the dry bones
of letters in his own country. His works of fiction of his scholarship. The second volume of the series
occupy no less than seventeen volumes, most of is now at hand, and is here styled “ The Romance
which are devoted to modern Polish life, its char- of Leonardo da Vinci the Forerunner," although
acters, situations, and questions. The novel now “ The Resurrection of the Gods” is the author's
translated offers the sole exception to this state- own chosen title. We have now no reason to with-
ment, being a historical study of the Egypt of three hold the praise that we were ready to bestow, but
thousand years ago, under the rule of Rameses XII. could not, upon the earlier volume. Here, at least,
and XIII. We presume that Mr. Curtin had good is a work planned upon a generous scale, displaying
reasons for making this selection, but it is not usual vital power as well as scholarship, and deserving
to introduce a new author by means of the least of an enthusiastic welcome. It is a work that com.
typical of his works. Just how many of Mr. Glo- pletely dwarfs the ordinary historical romance by
vatski's seventeen volumes are required to contain the richness of its contents and the depth of its lit-
the present study we are not informed. The trans- erary and artistic sympathies. Essentially the book
lation is given us in a single thick volume of about is a spiritualized biography of Leonardo during the
seven hundred pages, and must comprise consider- last twenty-five years of his life. Whether it be
ably more than three hundred thousand words. It the real Leonardo that the author has drawn for us
is swollen to this colossal bulk by many repetitions, no man may say. What may safely be said is that
vast and arid tracts of erudition, passages from the no previous portrait has been made that so impresses
Egyptian ritual, and whatever other matter the the reader with the stamp of truthfulness, or that
author was able to press into the service. It is well- so successfully creates the illusion that he is indeed
nigh unreadable in other than a cursory fashion, in the presence of the great artist, the great thinker,
yet it undoubtedly presents a vivid picture of a and the great explorer of the mysteries of nature.
critical period in Egyptian history. The period is The records of Leonardo's life, and the voluminous
that of the decay of the empire under the last of manuscripts that he left for posterity to decipher
the kings named Rameses, and the establishment and set in order, have been minutely and lovingly
of the new line of rulers with the accession of the explored by the author, and every characteristic
priest Herhor. The main theme of the whole work touch or fragment that would seem to illuminate
is the desperate struggle of Rameses XIII. to over- his complex personality has been deftly worked
come the encroachments of the priesthood, replenish into the narrative. The result is a truly marvel-
the exhausted treasury, and restore the glories of lous exposition of both the inner and the outer life
the line of rulers of which he is the last representa- of the man, an exposition that saddens us by the
tive. How he fails through impulsiveness and lack pathos of constantly thwarted effort, and uplifts us
of the subtlety needed to cope successfully with the by the contemplation of a character that seems to
devices of priestcraft, falling at length under the have been absolutely free from the petty faults of
dagger of an assassin, is what this work brings us ordinary humanity, absolutely noble in its motive
at its climax. It is a chaotic production, yet it has and aspiration. More than this, the book is a sec-
undeniable power in places, and exhibits undeniable tion of the history of culture in one of the most
learning throughout. It seems to us to accomplish pregnant epochs in the life of the human spirit. It
more successfully than the novels of Ebers the diffi- embraces in its span (1494-1519) kings, popes, and
cult task of presenting, not merely Egyptian scenes, tyrants, Savonarola and Macchiavelli, Michelangelo


1902.)
245
THE DIAL
and Raphael, the bonfire of vanities, the papal par- drunk or sober." Again, “ Colonies are things to
.
tition of the globe, and the French invasion of be proud of, but for a country to be only proud of
Lombardy. The superstition of the age, its licen- its extremities is like a man being only proud of his
tiousness in high places, the shame of its politics, legs."
and the glory of its art, all find places upon this
Mr. Stanley Waterloo has edited
richly-colored canvas. And all are brought into Autobiography
of a Criminal.
“ The Story of a Strange Career,
relations with the calm thinker - dispassionate in
Being the Autobiography of a Crim-
the ordinary sense, yet the very incarnation of the
(Appleton); and such disappointment as the
passion of the intellect — whose career gives unity reader will unquestionably feel when he comes to
to the historical picture, whose view of life is ever
the abrupt termination of the history, before the
sub specie aeternitatis, and whose sublime specula- writer has turned criminal at all, is doubtless due to
tions transcend the age that gives them birth. The the editor's brief introduction and to the sub-title
Russian author has been most fortunate in his
selected for the work. Thompson is the fictitious
English translator. The work reads like an original
name assigned the autobiographer, and the editor
production; its style matches the elevation of its
has made few changes in his narrative beyond those
theme, and fits itself with peculiar flexibility to the
needed to guard the personalities of the innocent.
varied interests and moods that the author's treat-
Going to sea with his father's full consent when still
ment demands. We notice on the first page a slip
a lad, Thompson was wrongfully arrested for mur-
in the use of the word “corrosive" where “mordant"
dering the captain of his ship during his first voy-
is meant, and again, in the story of the papal parti- age. Being acquitted after a long stay in jail, he
tion, the awards to Spain and Portugal are given became a sailor of the irresponsible sort, working
as the reverse of what they actually were.
hard, enlisting in the British navy to escape an
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. abominable merchant ship and deserting as soon as
possible, marrying two women who proved to bave
husbands living and undivorced, and finally obtain-
ing a commission in the navy of the United States
at the outbreak of the war between the States, only
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
to fall into Confederate hands and remain impris-
A peep into topsytorvydom is offered
A
oned until the war was nearly ended. There, two,
The whimsical
us in Mr. G. K. Chesterton's latest the story ends, - though Mr. Waterloo assures his
philosopher.
volume of essayettes, “ The Defend- readers that the man's life was henceforth passed
ant” (Dodd). Bat, curiously enough, it is this in one or another of the State penitentiaries. The
plain, prosaic old world of everyday life that is book is as sincere as possible, and written with a sim-
upside down; we bave been standing on our headsplicity and directness that deserve commendation;
and never once suspecting it. The sixteen little but it would have been more interesting if something
chapters that demonstrate this are called “De- had been said of prison-life from the point of view
fences ” — of nonsense, of ugly things, of slang, of of a man well-born and not uneducated.
useful [i. e., useless ]information, of penny-dreadfuls,
of farce, of skeletons, of planets, and of other things
Under the title “ The Theory of Pros-
which have hitherto been regarded as either need-
An economic study perity” (Macmillan), Professor Pat-
of Prosperity.
ing no defense or unworthy of one. Amid much
ten, of the University of Pennsyl-
that is sane and suggestive, as well as piquant vania, has presented the familiar principles of
and delightful, these brief treatises contain other Economics in a novel manner, and has added many
things that are merely odd and whimsical. Penny- new and unique phases of the science. The main
dreadfuls are unduly lauded, and it is denied that features of the book are found in the extension
their purple hues are productive of moral color- of the scope of economic thought, making it far
blindness in the juvenile reader. Slang is exalted more subjective than is customary among the older
to the level of poetry. “All slang is metaphor, and economists, and in the elucidation of the prin-
all metaphor is poetry.” But the cis-Atlantic reader ciples of social well-being rather than of the ordi-
will be pleased to find American slang held in nary principles of wealtb-getting. The economic
high esteem. The Yankee's remark, that after the purpose is to show that the evils of poverty arise
Chinese War the Japanese had to use a shoe-horn not from the lack of goods but from the misuse of
in putting on their bats, is quoted as "a monument goods. The author points out distinctively that the
of the true nature of slang, which consists in get- old differences between “landlord,” “manager,”
ting further and further away from the original" capitalist,” and “ laborer”
"capitalist,” and “ laborer” are becoming obliter-
conception, in treating it more and more as an as- ated, and that the terms "rent,” “profit,” “inter-
somption. It is rather like the literary doctrine est,” and “wages cease to be clear demarcations
of the Symbolists." The closing chapter, " A De- of income. He treats economic society more as a
“
a
fence of Patriotism," is a witty assault on jingoism. single entity, without distinctive productive or dis-
“My country, right or wrong,” the author declares tributive classes ; but he is clear in defining the
to be no less absurd and shocking than “My mother, I rights and duties and privileges of all people en-
9)


246
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
Books of
wisdom.
gaged in the economic processes of life. His theory an American. Perhaps it is best to remember that
of property is, to a certain extent, a philosophy of the author is, after all, a humorist. Cuba is to-day,
right living. In the chapter entitled “Work and if official reports are to be trusted, in a rather bad
Play,” he approaches the great subjects of utility, way through the cupidity of certain American in-
cost, value, price, surplus, and wages in a novel terests. In the face of that sorry truth, it does not
way; but the reader recognizes familiar forms become any American to flaunt the national ensiga
clothed in new garments. Under “Monopoly Ad- in the face of the world as a complete reply to the
vantage,” the author discusses market prices, their strictures of idealists. “ Plain duty,” pacê Mr.
rise and fall, and the differential advantages of the Bangs, has been made a little less obvious by his
rising of monopolistic power; and the conclusion is writing here, and his attitude is to be regretted
reached that “monopoly is a problem not of values accordingly.
but of prices.” The second part of the book is de-
Two little books by Mr. Hamilton
voted to “Income as Determined by Heredity.”
optimistic Wright Mabie, “ Works and Days"
Here the author branches further away from the
(Dodd, Mead & Co.) and “ Parables
main principles of conventional economics, and en-
of Life” (The Outlook Co.), come to us with the
ters the ideas of social well-being. In the last gracefully phrased wisdom of a genial man of
chapter, on “Income as Modified by Economic letters. The first is a collection of brief essays on
Rights,” he gives what he considers the source of
every-day subjects, with which readers of “The
rights, and then proceeds to analyze various cate-
Outlook are familiar. Their fine note of serenity
gories of rights, such as “ Public or Market Rights," and cheerfulness will make the volume companion-
"Social Rights,” and “Rights of Leisure.” In the
able for those to whom the messages are not new,
discussion of the source of rights, the author fails as well as to others. It is a book to be picked up
to make himself clear as to the real origin of rights;
at a chance moment, almost no contribution going
but he insists that “It is not, therefore, from
beyond the length of half-a-dozen pages. The vol-
theory of distribution that a solution of present dif-
ume entitled “Parables of Life" is more decidedly
ficulties will come, but from a better formulation of
the moral code and from a clearer perception of the
literary in method and manner, and there is in it
more suggestion of artificiality. The parables are
common rights that new impulses and ideals
evoke.” In his discussion be makes economic rights
managed with the felicity and grace that we very
properly expect of Mr. Mabie, but they seem some-
something more than freedom of choice and justice,
how a little cloying to the taste. Perbaps it is be-
but appears to base them on the economic well-being
cause we are now rather unwilling to bother with
The book is thoughtful and suggestive, anything but actualities themselves, and the thin
like all of Professor Patten's writings.
disguise of a parable seems a useless sort of pretti-
Having achieved a reputation as a
ness. There are eleven of these essays in all, cover-
of humoristis terba humorist
, Mr. John Kendrick Bangs ing various phases of life from childhood to old
America in Cuba.
labors under the disadvantage of
age. They have a pleasant savor of good-sense
not being regarded very seriously by the public.
and wisdom, and if they sometimes iocline to
Unfortunately, he himself seems not always or
preaching over-much, the preaching is good and
altogether certain whether he is serious or not;
wholesome. The volume, a product of the De Vinne
and his new book, “ Uncle Sam, Trustee” (Riggs. press, is a delight to the eye, with its wide margins
Publishing Co.), is apparently named in that un-
and elegantly simple binding in brown cloth and
certain spirit. Unfortunately, too, Mr. Bangs bas paper.
here seen fit to make merry at the expense of those
Nuremberg, “Albert Durer's and
who are holding before the American people the
Bronze founders
Hans Sachs' City,” was also from
of Nuremberg.
ideals upon which the nation was founded, basing
1450 to 1549 the city of the Vis-
his rather sorry jests upon foundations so slight chers, a family of bronze founders, who, in inter-
that the dignity of his work is seriously impaired. preting the teaching of other and greater artists of
The volume is devoted to a showing of what the other lands, impressed upon their work an original
American occupation has been able to accomplish power and individuality of their own. They were
in the cities of Santiago and Havana, Mr. Bangs then, and are still, called “craftsmen.” Were
assuming that in some way this is bearing out the they living now, they would perhaps give the work
national pledge, voluntarily given, to occupy the of the foundry into the hands of others, devote
island for no purpose save that of pacification. By their time and attention to the work of modelling
dint of laying stress on all the real good that was and designing, and be known as sculptors. In the
accomplished and of course there was a great history of German art, their work represents the
deal of it - and keeping silence in regard to all transition from the Gothic to the Renaissance style.
the harm done, Mr. Bangs succeeds in proving that The members of this renowned family were Her-
a beneficent despotism is the ideal government for mann Vischer, his son Peter, and Peter's sons —
practical results : a conclusion sufficiently obvious Hermann, Peter, and Hang. Peter V18cber the
before, but one that sounds a little curious when elder lends his name as a title to a volume of the
elevated, as in this case, into an American ideal by “Great Craftsmen Series" (Macmillan); but the
of man.
-


1902.]
247
THE DIAL
Russian and
book pays due regard to the other workers in the of the Roman occupation, and the botany and
Nuremberg foundry, accredits Peter the younger natural history of each locality, - and he writes of
with a higher place in the craft, and finds his all of them in such manner that his reader sees
statue of King Arthur, in the tomb of Maximilian them too, and takes also a keen delight in the see-
at Insbruck, worthy of comparison with the su- ing. He knows, besides, a long list of names of
preme triumph of Renaissance sculpture, Dona- English worthies who were either born in Hert-
tello's St. George. To emphasize the value of this fordshire or at one time lived there, and the reader
book as a contribution to the series of “Great shares his interest as be passes through a village of
Craftsmen,” it needs but to add that the author, which any of them were native or with which they
Mr. Cecil Headlam, has written “ The Story of Nu- were in any manner associated. The book is
remberg," and that he does not disappoint us when charmingly illustrated by Mr. Frederic Gregg,
he turns his attention to some of Nuremberg's who well knows the artistic and illustrative value
famous sons.
of a line. Thus Hertfordshire furnishes materials
Two interesting folk-tales relating for a valuable contribution to the charming “ High-
French folk-tales to Napoleon I., translated into col. ways and Byways Series ” (Macmillan).
about Napoleon I. loquial English and furnished with
a discriminating Introduction by Mr. George Ken-
Daily life in
The recent war between Spain and
nan, are published together in a volume by Spain and the United States left no such ani-
Portugal.
The Outlook Co. The first tale, entitled “ · Napo-
mosities behind it in either country
leonder,” is a Russian story, edited or put into lit-
as that the American globe-trotter might not find a
erary form by Alexander Amphiteatrof of St. hearty welcome in Spain, or desire to make up
Petersburg, and published in December, 1901, in what might be deficient in his knowledge of the
the St. Petersburg “Gazette.” The other tale was Iberian Peninsula. A book on Spain is therefore
written by Honoré de Balzac, and is supposed to
timely. To the series of “Our European Neigh-
be the story of Napoleon told by one of his old bors” (Patnam), Louis Higgin is enabled, by a
soldiers to a group of French peasants. Doubtless residence of many years in Spain, to contribute a
the unprejudiced reader will be disposed to agree
very readable and informing book on “Spanish
with Mr. Kennan, that the Russian story is de-
Life in Town and Country.” We are prevented
cidedly the better of the two. To quote from the from assuming the work to be written by a man,
Introduction, “ The French peasant regards Napo- by the incidental mention of something that hap-
leon merely as a great leader and conqueror, created
pened in the author's girlhood. It is, however,
to be the father of soldiers, and aided, if not di- written in an exceedingly pleasing style, and no
rectly sent, by God, to show forth the power and
phase of Spanish life is overlooked or neglected.
glory of France. Th Russian peasant, more
Portugal, like and yet in many respects unlike
thoughtful by nature as well as less excitable and Spain as it is, is deemed not important enough to
combative in temperament, admits that Napoleon warrant a separate volume, and two chapters on
was sent on earth by God, but connects him with Portuguese life—“Land and People” and “ Por-
one of the deep problems of life by using him to tuguese Institutions” are added by Mr. Eugene
show the divine nature of sympathy and pity, and
E. Street, that the book may present a complete
the cruelty, immorality, and unreasonableness of view of the Iberian Peninsula. It is to be heartily
aggressive war." But to those familiar with the commended for the enlargement of popular ideas
beginning of the Book of Job and with the pro- on the subject of Spain and Portugal.
logue to Goethe's "Faust," the apology for the
seeming irreverence of the Russian story appears
Half a dozen slender chapters on
Brinj sketches of
hardly necessary. The reading of these stories rural pleasures.
the pleasures of trout-fishing, one on
will in any case prove a pleasant diversion, and
wild-duck shooting, three on other
their comparison a profitable task.
rural themes, and a translation of one of Erckmann-
Chatrian's shorter stories, make up the Rev.
Mr. Herbert W. Tompkins prefers James B. Kenyon’s second volume of prose sketches,
Saunterings in
“Sainte Terrer"—the holy-lander” which he has named “ Remembered Days” (Eaton
Hertfurdshire.
or pious pilgrim – to sans terre- & Mains). The little poem that precedes these
homeless or without house as the proper origin chapters forms not the least pleasing feature of the
of the verb “to saunter.” He declares that true book, whose subsequent pages show a somewhat
sauntering is an art that may be cultivated, and be florid style clothing an amount of matter that is
finds the highways and by ways in Hertfordshire not, and doubtless was not meant to be, stupendous.
admirable for its cultivation. Mr. Tompkins ob- But a quiet humor, an observant eye, a poetic fancy,
serves everything as he lightly passes along, — the and a pure delight in country life, are the author's
characteristics of village architecture, little details precious possessions, and his book has something of
in the churches that would escape the attention of the breezy freshness of the scenes that inspired it.
most wayfarers, curious epitaphs in the church- The most quaintly-amusing character in the volume
yards or inscriptions on stone buildings, the tumuli is Uncle John, who was so tender-hearted toward
of primitive man, barrows of Danish origin, relics all creation, vegetable as well as animal, that it hurt
&
)


248
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
his feelings to weed his garden; and who fertilized
his fruit trees with scraps of old iron, as a needful
tonic. A brief extract in conclusion: “ He who is
content with simple joys and whose heart is per-
petually fed with the dews of the morning gives no
hostage to evil days."
"*
BRIEFER MENTION.
Most text books of elementary English claim to be
practical, but few of them really justify the claim.
One of the few is “A Text-Book of Applied English
Grammar" (Macmillan), by Dr. Edwin Herbert Lewis,
whose previously-published school books in English
have met with deserved favor. Here is a book that is
practical in the best and fullest sense, and is calculated
to make the subject really interesting (given a good
teacher) to juvenile minds. There are great numbers
of exercises, some of them happily based upon well-
known pictures, and all skilfully devised to develop the
immature reasoning powers of children. This book
seems to us one of the best for its purpose that have
ever been produced.
The George H. Ellis Co., Boston, publish a pamphlet
entitled “Secretary Root's Record," or « Marked
Severities in the Philippine Warfare.” It is a careful
analysis, by two distinguished lawyers, Messrs. Moor-
field Storey and Julian Codman, of the utterances of the
Secretary of War concerning the crimes committed by
American soldiers in the Philippine Islands. Every
statement made is supported by convincing evidence,
and the record as a whole convicts Mr. Root of fre-
quent misrepresentations, suppressions of the truth,
and deliberate attempts to gloss over the use of torture
in extracting confessions, and other atrocious practices.
It is difficult to see how any effective reply can be
made to this scathing denunciation.
In preparing his “ Handbook of Best Readings”
(Scribner), Professor S. H. Clark of the University of
Chicago has contrived to run the gamut, from work
suited to the commonest uses of the professional elocu-
tionist up to the accepted classics of the language in both
prose and verse. Coming from such a source, there
should have been some practical acceptance of literary
standards and a refusal to recognize sentimentality and
mere fudge, and we are sorry to observe the sort of
companionship which is here thrust upon the really good
literature that makes up a considerable portion of the
volume.
It is somewhat daring for anyone after Mr. Stedman
to prepare “An Anthology of Victorian Poetry
(Dutton), yet this is what Sir Mountstuart E. Grant
Duff has done. He apologizes for it by saying that it
presents merely the personal equation of his own likings,
wbich bardly needed to be said. When he goes further,
and claims that all other anthologies do the same thing,
he ignores the fact that there is such a thing as expert
judgment of poetry, and that the best anthology must
be the one that most completely keeps the compiler's
tastes in the background. We do not particularly care
for the personal equation in such a work unless it is the
equation of a remarkable personality, as in the case of
Emerson’s “ Parnassus.” For the rest, Sir Mountstuart
has made up for us a volume of excellent reading, and
bis taste is usually in the line of good critical opinion.
His somewbat naive comments upon the poets might
just as well have been omitted.
NOTES.
Shelley's “Sensitive Plant” is published by Mr. John
Lane in bis pretty series of Flowers of Parnassus ”
booklets.
The first number of “The Reader," a new literary
magazine to be published in New York, will appear
this month.
Corneille's “ Le Menteur," edited by Dr. J. B. Segall,
is a new French text published by Messrs. Silver, Bur-
dett & Co.
A new edition of Thackeray's two “Sketch Books "
comes to us in neat form, with the original illustrations,
from the press of the Macmillan Co.
Mr. Robert Grier Cooke, formerly president of The
Grafton Press, has gone into the publishing business
on his own account at 70 Fifth Avenue, New York.
A new edition (the third) of Mr. Stanton Coit's
“ The Message of Man: A Book of Ethical Scriptures"
is published in attractive pocket form by the Mac-
millan Co.
The October issue of “ The Craftsman,” marking the
first anniversary of that earnest and worthy exponent of
art in its industrial aspects, appears in much enlarged
and improved form.
Messrs. Silver, Burdett & Co. publish, for school
uses, a selection from “ Lord Cbesterfield's Letters to
his Son," edited, with what slight apparatus is needful,
by Mr. Joseph B. Seabury.
“The Book of the Strawberry," by Mr. Edwin
Beckett, and “ The Book of Climbing Plants," by Mr.
S. Arnott, are the latest additions to Mr. John Lane's
series of “ Handbooks of Practical Gardening."
The Scribners announce the early appearance of
“ Nova Solyma,” the romance in prose and verse un-
earthed last winter in England by Walter Begley, and
believed to have been written anonymously by John
Milton.
Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., reprint in a
“ handy volume" set of four volumes, the series of
« Breakfast Table" books of Oliver Wendell Holmes, to
which “ Over the Teacups" is appropriately added. It
makes a very nice set of books indeed.
Perhaps the most attractive volume in the “ Litera-
tures of the World" series of the Messrs. Appleton will
be the one devoted to “ American Literature." It has
been written by Prof. Wm. P. Trent, and embraces the
whole period from the first settlement down to recent
times.
New volumes of the “Temple Bible” are rapidly
following one another. “Kings I. and II." is edited
by Dr. J. Robertson, “ Chronicles I. and II.” by Arch-
deacon A. Hughes Eames, “ The Book of Psalms"
by Dr. A. W. Streane, and the “ Acts and Pastoral
Epistles” by Dr. B. B. Warfield.
A novel idea in reading-books for children is the
collection of tales of “Wandering Heroes," retold
from old chronicles by Miss Lillian L. Price. Among
the subjects are included Joseph, Prince Siddartha,
Cyrus the Great, Clovis, and Leif Ericsson. Messrs.
Silver, Burdett & Co. publish the little book.
The publishing business hitherto conducted by Mr.
Doxey, at the “Sign of the Lark," has passed into the
hands of Mr. Godfrey A. S. Wieners of New York.
Besides some additions to the well-known series of
“ Lark Classics,” Mr. Wieners has in preparation a
"


1902.)
249
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
(The following list, containing 160 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
pp. 336.
66
66
3
limited edition of the Rubaiyát, printed on handmade
paper and on vellum, with decorative borders by
Mr. Louis B. Coley.
“ The Fascination of London" is the collective title
of a series of small volumes published by the
Macmillan Co. They are the joint work of the late
Walter Besant and Mr. G. E. Mitton, and comprise four
numbers, devoted respectively to Chelsea, Westmins-
ter, the Strand District, and Hampstead.
Mrs. Sara A. Hubbard's « Catch Words of Cheer,”
published by Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co., is in the
form of a birthday book or diary, each day of the year
having its cheering thought. Stevenson's “ Man does
not live by bread alone but also by catch words” is the
motto of this exceptionally dainty little volume.
Readers of “ The Outlook" bave learned to have a
kindly feeling for the “Spectator” whose weekly ob-
servations have long constituted one of the interesting
features of that journal. To such, and others, the
volume called “Seen by the Spectator,” a reprint of
selections just published by the Outlook Co., will be
welcome.
To their series of « Little Histories of Art” Messrs.
A. W. Elson & Co. have added a monograph on
" Italian Painting” by Prof. John C. Van Dyke. For
those who wish an outline sketch of the subject, in the
briefest form possible, nothing better could be found
than this little essay. Five photogravure plates of ex-
cellent quality supplement the text.
Dr. J. Lesslie Hall's translation, rhythmical and
moderately alliterative, of “Judith, Phænix, and Other
Anglo-Saxon Poems” (Silver), continues the good work
begun by him when he translated the “Beowulf”
several years ago. The other poems are the “ Andreas"
legend, and the Battles of Malden and Brunan burk.
There are brief introductions to the five works, and a
few foot notes.
Nothing in American history has had a more pro-
found effect upon the future of the country than the
expedition headed by Meriwether Lewis and William
Clark, which left St. Louis in 1804, passed up to the
Missouri and over the mountains to the head waters of
the Columbia and thence to the Pacific coast, returning
overland in 1806. This magnificent conception of Pres-
ident Jefferson bas been seized upon by Mrs. Eva Emery
Dye, of Oregon, as the backbone of a book to be pub-
lished within a few weeks by A. C. McClurg & Co.,
under the title of “ The Conquest." The narrative,
however, begins with the active life of George Rogers
Clark, the explorer's elder brother, during the war with
the Indians provoked by Lord Dunmore in 1774 to dis-
tract the attention of the rebellious colonists of Vir-
ginia, follows him through the fighting with the British
and their savage allies in the revolutionary war along
the western frontier, and does not end until William
Clark's death in September, 1838, after he had been at
the head of Indian affairs of the nation for a full gen-
eration, This covers the settlement of the United
States from the tidewaters of the Old Dominion to the
extreme northwestern corner of its boundaries, and
enables Mrs. Dye to bring into the scope of her work
all the deeds of the nation for a period extending over
sixty-seven of its most vital years. As a result the
story has the sweep and swing of an epic poem, not all
the battling before Troy and the wandering of Ulysses
revealing figures more heroic or deeds of equal conse-
quence to humanity.
BIOGRAPHY.
Alexandre Dumas (père): His Life and Works. By Ar-
thur F. Davidson, M.A. Large 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 426. J. B. Lippincott Co. $3.75 net.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. By Thomas Wentworth
Higginson. With photogravure portrait, 16mo, gilt top,
“ American Men of Letters.” Houghton, Miffilin
& Co. $1.10 net.
With Napoleon at St. Helena: Being the Memoirs of Dr.
John Stokoe, Naval Surgeon. Trans, from the French of
Paul Frémeaux by Edith S. Stokoe. Illus. in photogra-
vure, etc., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 258. John Lane.
$1.50 net.
Sir
Joshua Reynolds: His Life and Art. By Lord Ronald
Sutherland Gower, F.S.A. Illus. in photogravure, etc.,
8vo, gilt top, pp. 144. British Artists." Macmillan Co.
$3.
Thoreau, his Home, Friends, and Books. By Annie Rus-
soll Marble. Illus. in photogravure, 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 343. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $2. net.
Jean Francois Millet: His Life and Letters. By Julia
Cartwright (Mrs. Henry Ady). Illus. in photogravure,
large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 396. Macmillan Co.
$3.50 net.
John Ruskin. By Frederic Harrison. 12mo, gilt top, un-
cut, pp. 216. English Men of Letters." Macmillan Co.
75 cts. net.
Dante and his Time. By Karl Federn; with Introduction
by A. J. Butler. Illus. in photogravure, etc., 8vo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 306. McClure, Phillips & Co. $2. net.
The Roll-Call of Westminster Abbey. By Mrs. A.
Murray Smith (E. T. Bradley). Illus., 12mo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 418. Macmillan Co. $2.50.
J. M. W. Turner, R.A. By Robert Chignell. Illus. in
photogravure, etc., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 216. “Ma-
kers of British Art." Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net.
Captain Jobn Brown of Harper's Ferry: A Preliminary
Incident to the Great Civil War of America. By John
Newton. Illus., 12mo, uncut, pp. 288. A. Wessels Co.
$1.25 net.
Confessions of a Violinist: Realities and Romance. By
Dr. T. Lamb Phipson. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 234.
J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50 net.
Mozart. By Eustace J. Breakspeare. Illus. in photogra-
vure, etc., 12mo. gilt top, uncut, pp. 300.
* Master
Musicians." E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.25 net.
The Alcotts in Harvard. By Annie M. L. Clark. Illus.,
8vo, uncut, pp. 44. Lancaster, Mass.: J. C. L. Clark.
HISTORY
The Struggle for a Continent. Edited from the Writings
of Francis Parkman by Pelham Edgar, Ph.D. Illus.,
8vo, gilt top, pp. 542. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50 net.
History of the Louisiana Purchase. By James Q. How-
ard. 8vo, pp. 170. Chicago: Callaghan & Co.
The History of South Carolina in the Revolution, 1780–
1783. By Edward McCrady, LL.D. 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 787. Macmillan Co. $3.50 net.
New Amsterdam and its People: Studies, Social and
Topographical.of the Town under Dutch and Early English
Rule. By J. H. Innes. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 365.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50 net.
Medieval Europe, from 393 to 1270. By Charles Bémont
and G. Monod ; trans. by Mary Sloan; with notes ana
revisions by George Burton Adams. 12mo, pp. 556.
Henry Holt & Co. $1.60 net.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Shakespeare and Voltaire. By Thomas R. Lounsbury,
L.H D. 8vo, pp. 463. “Shakespearean Wars." Charles
Scribner's Sons. $2. net.
Shakespeare's Portrayal of the Moral Life. By Frank
Chapman Sbarp, Ph.D. 8vo, gilt top. uncut, pp. 232.
Charles Scribner's Song. $1.25 net.
Condensed Novels: New Burlesques. By Bret Harte.
Second Series; 16mo, pp. 236. Houghton, Mifflin &
Co. $1.25.


250
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
>
Borrowed Plumes. By Owen Seaman. 16mo, gilt top,
pp. 204. Henry Holt & Co. $1.25.
Under the Trees. By Hamilton Wright Mabie ; illus, in
photogravure and decorated by C. L. Hinton. 8vo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 165. Dodd, Mead & Co. $2. net.
A Christmas Greeting. By Marie Corelli. 8vo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 340. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50 net.
The Writing of the Short Story. By Lewis
Worthington
Smith, A.M. 12mo, uncut, pp. 36. D. C. Heath & Co.
Paper, 35 cts.
Word-Coinage: Being an Inquiry into Recent Neologisms;
also a Brief Study of Literary Style, Slang, and Provin-
cialisms. By Leon Mead. 24mo, pp. 281. "" Handy In-
formation Series.” T. Y. Crowell & Co. 45 cts, net.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
Essays of Montaigne. Translated by Charles Cotton. An
entirely new edition, formed from collation of the
foreigo quotations, a fresh English rendering, and a care-
ful revision of the text throughout. To which are added
some Account of the Life of Montaigne, Notes, a Transla-
lation of all the Letters known to be extant, and an en-
larged Index. Edited by William Carew Hazlitt. In 4
vols., illus. in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, uncut.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $12. net.
The Breakfast Table Series. By Oliver Wendell Holmes.
Handy Volume" edition ; in 4 vols., 18mo, gilt tops.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $4.
The French Revolution. By Thomas Carlyle, “Edin-
burgh" edition, on India paper. With portrait, 16mo,
gilt top. Charles Scribner's Sons. Limp leather, $1.25 net.
The Sensitive Plant. By Percy Bysshe Shelley ; illus. by
F. L. Griggs. 24mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 50. Flowers of
Parnassus. John Lane. 50 cts. net.
BOOKS OF VERSE.
Captain Craig: A Book of Poems. By Edwin Arlington
Robinson. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 171. Houghton, Miffin &
Co. $1. net.
Poems. By Mary Olcott. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 130.
John Lane. $i, net.
The Great Procession, and Other Verses for and about
Children. By Harriet Prescott Spofford. 24mo, uncut,
pp. 108. Boston: Richard G. Badger. $1.25.
A Book of Old English Ballads. With an Accompani-
ment of Decorative Drawings by George Wharton Ed-
wards, and Introduction by Hamilton W. Mabie. New
edition ; 12mo, uncut, pp. 187. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
FICTION.
Captain Macklin: His Memoirs. By Richard Harding
Davis. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 329. Charles
Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
The Two Vanrevels. By Booth Tarkington; illus. by
Henry Hutt. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 351. McClure, Phillips
& Co. $1.50.
No Other Way. By Sir Walter Besant. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 318. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
The White Wolf, and Other Fireside Tales. By A. T.
Quiller-Couch (Q). 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 378.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
Gabriel Tolliver: A Story of Reconstruction. By Joel
Chandler Harris. 12mo, uncut, pp. 448. McClure, Phil-
lips & Co. $1.50.
The Sea Lady. By H. G. Wells. Illus., 12mo, pp. 300.
D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
The Heritage: A Story of Defeat and Victory. By Burton
Egbert Stevenson. 12mo, pp. 324. Houghton, Mifflin &
Co. $1.50.
The Millionairess. By Julian Ralph. Illus., 12mo, uncut,
pp. 422. Lothrop Publishing Co. $1.50.
The Manor Farm. By M. E. Francis (Mrs. Francis Blun-
dell). With frontispiece, 12mo, uncut, pp. 376. Long-
mans, Green, & Co. $1.50.
Richard Gordon. By Alexander Black. Illus., 12mo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 506. Lothrop Publishing Co. $1.50.
Eagle Blood. By James Creelman. Illus., 12mo, gilt top,
upcut, pp. 470. Lothrop Publishing Co. $1.50.
The First Christmas. From "Ben-Hur." By Lew Wal-
lace ; illus. by William Martin Johnson and from pho-
tographs. 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 109. Harper &
Brothers. $1.25.
Fuel of Fire. By Ellen Thorneycroft Fowler. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 386. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
The Last Word. By Alice MacGowan. Illus., 12mo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 439. L. C. Page & Co. $1.50.
Francezka. By Molly Elliot Seawell. Illus., 12mo, pp. 466.
Bowen-Merrill Co. $1.50.
Lavender and Old Lace. By Myrtle Reed. 12mo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 265. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50 net.
The Shadow of the Czar. By John R. Carling. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 419. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50.
The Story of a Scout. By John Finnemore. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 333. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.
The Highway of Fate. By Rosa Nouchette Carey. 12mo,
pp. 442. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.
Doctor Bryson. By Frank H. Spearman. 12mo, pp. 307.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
The Romance of an Old Fool. By Roswell Field. 8vo,
uncut, pp. 144. Evanston: William S. Lord. $1.25.
The Heart of the Doctor: A Story of the Italian Quarter.
By Mabel G. Foster. With frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 255.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50.
Little Stories of Married Life. By Mary Stewart Cutting.
With frontispiece, 12mo, uncut, pp. 260. McClure, Phil-
lips & Co. $1.25.
The Master of Appleby. By Francis Lynde. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 581. Bowen-Merrill Co. $1.50.
The Strongest Master. By Helen Choate Prince. 12mo,
pp. 344. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.50.
With Force and Arms: A Tale of Love and Witchcraft.
By Howard R. Garis. Illus., 12mo, pp. 343. J. S. Ogilvie
Pab'g Co. $1.
John Malcolm. By Edward Fuller. Illus., 12mo, pp. 432.
Providence, R. I.: Snow & Farnham. $1.50.
The Day of Prosperity: A Vision of the Century to Come.
By Paul Devinne. 12mo. G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.50.
Miss Belladonna: A Social Satire. By Caroline Tickpor.
New edition, with additional chapters. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 284. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.
Uncle Charley. By Zephine Humphrey. 12mo, pp. 226.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
A Blaze of Glory. By John Strange Winter. 12mo, pp. 339.
J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25.
Michel Gulpe. By Everit Bogert Terhune. 12mo, pp. 182.
G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.25.
The Quest of Polly Locke. By Zoe Anderson Norris.
With portrait, 12mo, pp. 268. J. S. Ogilvie Pub'g Co. $1.
Agnes Grant's Education. By Hope Daring. 12mo,
pp. 320. Jennings & Pye. $1.
The Herr Doctor. By Robert MacDonald. Illus., 18mo,
pp. 138. Funk & Wagnalls Co. 40 cts. net.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
All the Russias: Travels and Studies in Contemporary
European Russia, Finland, Siberia. the Caucasus, and
Central Asia. By Henry Norman, M. P. Illus. in photo-
gravure, etc., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 476. Charles
Scribner's Song. $4. net.
The Home-Life of Borneo Head-Hunters: Its Festivals
and Folk-Lore. By William Henry Furness, 3rd, M.D.
Illus. in photogravure, Jarge 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 197.
J. B. Lippincott Co. $7.50 net.
Through Hidden Shensi. By Francis H. Nichols. Illus.,
large 8vo, uncut, pp. 333. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$3 50 net.
Wayfarers in Italy. By Katharine Hooker. Illus., large
8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 309. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$3. net.
Westminster. By Sir Walter Besant and G. E. Mitton.
With frontispiece, 18mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 96. "The
Fascination of London," Macmillan Co. 90 cts.
The Strand District. By Sir Walter Besant and G. E. Mit-
ton. With frontispiece, 18mo, gilt top, uncat, pp. 118.
"The Fascination of London." Macmillan Co. 90 cts.
Chelsea. By G. E. Mitton ; edited by Sir Walter Besant.
With frontispiece, 18mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 100." The
Fascination of London." Macmillan Co. 90 cts.
Southern France, including Corsica: A Handbook for
Travelers. By Karl Baedeker. Fourth edition; with
maps, 18mo, pp. 548. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.70 net.
An Inland Voyage. By Robert Louis Stevenson. New
edition ; illus. from photographs, 16mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 238. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
A Rambler's Note-Book at the English Lakes. By
Rev. H. D. Rawnsley. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 258. Macmillan Co. $2.
"


1902.]
251
THE DIAL
ART.
The Study and Criticism of Italian Art. By Bernhard
Berenson. Second series ; illus , large 8vo, uncut, pp. 152.
Macmillan Co. $3.50 net.
REFERENCE.
A New Primary Dictionary of the English Language.
Rewritten and enlarged from the original edition by
Joseph E. Worcester, LL.D. Illus., 16mo, pp. 348. J. B.
Lippincott Co. 50 cts.
The Burton Holmes Lectures. Vol. VII., illus, in color,
etc., 4to, gilt top, uncut, pp. 336. Battle Creek: Little-
Preston Co. (Sold only in sets by subscription.)
POLITICS. - SOCIOLOGY.- ECONOMICS.
The administration of Dependencies: A Study of the
Evolution of the Federal Empire, with Special Reference
to American Colonial Problems. By Alpheus H. Snow.
Large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 619. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$3.50 net.
Human Nature and the Social Order. By Charles
Horton Cooley. 8vo, pp. 413. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1.50 net.
Plain Facts as to the Trusts and the Tariff; with chap-
ters on the Railroad Problem and Municipal Monopolies.
By George L. Bolen, 12mo, pp. 451. Macmillan Co.
$1.50 net.
Rich and Poor in the New Testament: A Study of the
Primitive-Christian Doctrine of Earthly Possessions. By
Orello Cone, D.D. 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 245. Macmil-
lan Co. $1.50 net.
The Leaven in a Great City. By Lilian W. Betts. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 315. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50 net.
In City Tents: How to Find, Furnish, and Keep a Small
Home on Slender Means. By Christine Terbune Herrick.
12mo, pp. 229. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1. net.
Trust Companies in the United States. By George Cator.
Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 114. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins
Press. Paper, 50 cts.
The Maryland Constitution of 1851. By James Warner
Harry. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 86. Baltimore : Johns
Hopkins Press. Paper, 50 cts.
The Political Activities of Philip Freneau. By Samuel
E. Forman, Ph.D. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 105. Baltimore :
John Hopkins Press. Paper, 50 cts.
THEOLOGY AND RELIGION.
Theology and the Social Consciousness: A Study of
the Relations of the Social Consciousness to Theology.
By Henry Churchill King. 8vo, uncut, pp. 252. Macmillan
Co. $1.50 net.
The Incarnation of the Lord: A Series of Sermons Tracing
the Unfolding of the Doctrine of the Incarnation in the
New Testament. By Charles Augustus Briggs, D.D.
8vo, pp. 243. Cbarles Scribner's Song. $1.50 net.
The Psychological Elements of Religious Faith: Lec-
tures. By Charles Carroll Everett, D.D.; edited by Ed.
ward Hale. 12mo, pp. 215. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
An Exposition of the Epistle of Paul to the Romans.
By William G. Williams, LL.D. 8vo, pp. 394. Jennings
& Pye. $2.
The Christian Point of View: Three Addregges. By George
William Knox, Arthur Cushmun McGiffert, and Francis
Brown. 12mo, pp. 89. Charles Scribner's Sons. 60 cts net.
Praise: Meditations in the One Hundred and Third Psalm.
By Mark Guy Pearse. 18mo, pp. 179. Little Books on
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
Just So Stories for Little Children. By Rudyard Kipling;
illus. by the author. Large 8vo, pp. 249. Doubleday,
Page & Co. $1.20 net.
The Flight of Pony Baker: A Boy's Town Story. By
W.D. Howells. Illus., 12mo, pp. 223. Harper & Brothers.
$1.25 net.
In the Wasp's Nest: The Story of a Sea Waif in the War
of 1812. By Cyrus Townsend Brady. Illus., 12mo, pp. 328.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50 net.
Prince Silverwings, and Other Fairy Tales. By Edith Og-
den Harrison; illus. in color, etc.,, by Lucy Fitch Perking.
4to, pp. 123. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.75 net.
King Mombo. By Paul du Chaillu. Illus., 8vo, pp. 225.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50 net.
With Kitchener in the Soudan: A Story of Atbara and
Omdurman. By G. A, Henty. Illus., 12mo, pp. 380.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.20 net.
With the British Legion: A Story of the Carlist Wars.
By G. A. Henty. Illus., 12mo, pp. 367. Charles Scribner's
Song. $1.20 net.
The Treasure of the Incas: A Tale of Adventure in Peru.
By G. A. Henty. Illus., 12mo, pp. 340. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.20 net.
Mayken: A Child's Story of the Netherlands in the Six-
teenth Century. By Jessie Anderson Chase; illus. by
Troy and Margaret Kinney. 8vo, pp. 219. A. C. McClurg
& Co. $1.20 net.
Under Colonial Colors: A Tale of Arnold's Expedition in
1775. By Everett T. Tomlinson. Illus., 12mo, pp. 431.
Houghton, Miffin & Co. $1.20 net.
Jack and his Island: A Boy's Adventures along the
Chesapeake in the War of 1812. By Lucy Meacham
Thruston. Illus., 12no, pp. 304. Little, Brown, & Co.
$1.20 net.
Tower or Throne: A Romance of the Girlhood of Eliza-
beth. By Harriet T. Comstock. Illus., 12mo, pp. 274.
Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50.
Brenda's Cousin at Radcliffe: A Story for Girls. By
Helen Leah Reed. Illus., 12mo, pp. 318. Little, Brown,
& Co. $1.20 net.
Little Mistress Good Hope, and Other Fairy Tales. By
Mary Imlay Taylor. Illus. in color, etc., by Jessie Willcox
Smith. 12mo, pp. 186. A.C. McClurg & Co. $1.50 net.
Bob Knight's Diary - Camping Out. With Sketches by
Bob. By_Charlotte Curtis Smith. 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 232. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.20 net.
A Dornfield Summer. By Mary Murkland Haley. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 302. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.20 net.
On Guard! against Tory and Tarleton. By John Preston
True. Illus., 12mo, pp. 302. Little, Brown, & Co.
Dovotion." Jennings & Pye. 25 cts. net.
Theism et als. By Rev. Charles Caverno, A.M. 12mo,
pp. 246. Abbey Press.
The Price of Africa. By S. Earl Taylor. Illus.. 12mo,
pp. 225. Jennings & Pye. 50 cts. net.
Faith Built on Reason: A Survey of Free and Universal
Religion, in the Form of Question and Angwer. By F. L.
Abbott. 12mo, pp. 83. Boston: James H. West Co.
50 cts.
The Heart of Christianity. By William Hayes Ward.
12mo, pp. 37. E. P. Dutton & Co. Paper, 25 cts. net.
NATURE.
Birds of the Rockies. By Leander S. Keyser. Illus. in
colors, etc., by Louis Agassiz Fuertes ; text drawings by
Bruce Horsfall. With complete checklist of Colorado
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1902.)
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260
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A HISTORY OF THE
AMERICAN PEOPLE
PR
In Five Volumes
By WOODROW WILSON, Ph.D., Litt.D., LL.D.
President of Princeton University
RESIDENT WOODROW WILSON has devoted the
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HARPER & BROTHERS, Franklin Square, New York


1902.)
261
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HARPER'S NEW FICTION
9
THE MAID-AT-ARMS. By Robert W. Chambers.
Mr. Chambers has long since won a most enviable position among contemporary novelists. The
great popular success of “Cardigan” makes this present novel of unusual interest to all readers
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adventure. Some of the characters of “Cardigan ” reappear in this new novel. Illustrated by
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THE SHIP OF DREAMS. By Louise Forsslund, author of The Story
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ISTAR OF BABYLON. By Margaret Horton Potter, author of “The
«
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This is a most interesting novel of the time just before the fall of Babylon, op to and including
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THE INTRUSIONS OF PEGGY. By Anthony Hope.
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262
(Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
THE CLARENDON PRESS
The Oxford History of Music.
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)
Vol. I. The Polyphonic Period. Part I. Method of Musical Art, 330-1330. By H. E. WOOLDRIDGE,
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Life and Letters of Thomas
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HENRY FROWDE:
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91 AND 93 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY.


1902.]
263
THE DIAL
By Story-Tellers You Know
By JACK LONDON
A Daughter of the Snow
A STRONG dramatic story about a woman. Its plot unique, its characters boldly drawn, and the love interest
intense. The first full length novel from a writer whose tales ~ The Son of the Wolf,” and “ The
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Illustrated. 12mo. Decorated cloth. $1.50
By PHILIP V. MIGHELS By LYNN R. MEEKINS
The Inevitable
Adam Rush
The hero of Mr. Mighel's book A NEW and interesting figure in
a love story with the cbarm of
is an interesting and good- country and village life in every
looking young fellow, wbose par- chapter. The character of the
entage is shrouded in mystery. new Adam Rush is an absorbing
His love story has the fascination piece of work. By an author well-
of uncertainty.
known to many thousands of read-
ers by his shorter writings.
Colored frontispiece.
Colored frontispiece. 12mo.
Decorated cloth. $1.50
Decorated cloth. $1,50
By ROSA N. CAREY
The Highway of
Fate
MRS.
RS. CAREY's new book is the
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same charm of sentiment and
character is bere wbicb marks the
large number of novels that have
won for her a high place.
12mo. Decorated cloth. $1.50
By CYRUS TOWNSEND BRADY
Woven with the Ship
MR.
R. BRADY's thousands of readers will derive fresh pleasure from this bis new book. It has an intensely
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Love and Louisa
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immediately.
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By JOHN STRANGE WINTER
Breachley- Black Sheep A Blaze of Glory
AN
NOTHER stirring story of the South Seas by the
author of " By® Reef and Palm,” « The Tapu of A
NEW novel by an author whose thousands of
Banderah," and other tales. Stamped by an intensely
readers attest to her continued popularity. This
dramatic imagination.
is is one of her strongest and brightest stories.
12mo. Decorated cloth, gilt top. $1.50.
12mo, Cloth. $1.25.
Publishers–J. B. Lippincott Company–Philadelphia
-
-


264
(Nov. 1,
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JUST PUBLISHED
The Most Brilliant of American Novels
THE TENTH COMMANDMENT
By MARGUERITE LINTON GLENTWORTH, author of "A Twentieth
Century Boy." With photogravure frontispiece of author. Richly
bound. Gilt top. Price, $1.50.
The late Frank R. Stockton, after reading the manuscript of the book, said that it was “bound
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JUST PUBLISHED
The YOUNG VOLCANO EXPLORERS
Or, American Boys in the West Indies. By EDWARD STRATE-
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CONCERNING POLLY
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trated by Charles Copeland. 12mo. Cloth. $1.50.
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is wholesome and entertaining.”—The Outlook.
For sale by all booksellers, or sent postpaid on receipt of price.
LEE AND SHEPARD, PUBLISHERS, BOSTON


1902.]
265
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THIRTY-THIRD THOUSAND
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LOTHROP PUBLISHING COMPANY, BOSTON


266
(Nov. 1,
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[Nov. 1, 1902.
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a poet of the people, like a new Burns.
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D. APPLETON & COMPANY, NEW YORK AND CHICAGO


THE DIAL
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THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
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No. 393.
NOV. 1. 1902.
Vol. XXXIII.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
THE GROWTH AND MISSION OF NATURE-
POETRY. Annie Russell Marble .
271
A BOSWELL FOR DUMAS. Ingram A. Pyle
274
THE “ VIRGINIA” POE.
William Morton Payne 277
DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION.
Cockerell
T. D. A.
278
THE WOODBRIDGE PHILOSOPHER. Percy F.
Bicknell. .
. 280
THE GROWTH AND MISSION OF
NATURE-POETRY.
Among current phrases, few have received wider
use and more frequent distortion than the herald
cry of Rousseau, « Back to Nature." In its incep-
tion a watchword of revolt against tyranny and ar-
tifice, it has inspired the most sincere reforms and
has clothed the most morbid sensationalism of the
past century. Despite occasional perversion, how-
ever, the nineteenth century reinstated Nature as
an inspiration to the noblest poetry, as an incentive
to educational vitality, as an agent to restore and
interpret life in its elemental sanity. While we
speak of Nature study and Nature poetry as evi-
dences of the advance of this age, we forget that,
in truth, we have receded to past ideals and re-
stated them with the knowledge and broader spirit
of our own century. We have yet to surpass the
Nature revelations of beauty and worship in the
primitive literatures. If we have a scientific accu-
racy, a logical interpretation of Nature's laws, have
we achieved any purer insight, any loftier imagin-
ation, than was attained by Moses on the Midian
hills, by David in the Palestine pastures, or by
Homer and Moschus on the shores of the Ægean?
We have yet to surpass the pastorals of Virgil and
Lucretius, the glowing visions of Celtic Ossian and
Persian Omar, or the grand and fervid narratives
of the Runic bards.
These primitive poets found Nature beautiful
and friendly ; more than that, she was a guide and
a protector. They embodied their love and worship
for her under symbols of their religion ; we do the
same. One may dispute the accuracy of these early
poetic fancies ; such criticism fails to nullify their
poetic insight. They could not understand the
scientific processes of growth, fermentation, and
decay, - laws explained by mere children to-day,
- yet they knew the value of Nature to humanity,
they recognized her inspiration and worshipped
her divinity. The facts which thousands of years
have discovered are of great value, but they do not
affect the real truth, the vital spirit of these pioneer
Nature interpreters. For their superstition, we have
instilled the spirit of research.
It is a far call from our age to these pastorals of
classic times; there have been many tangential
paths, hence the message “ Back to Nature.” Con-
fining oneself to English poetry, as example, one
notes the survival of early ideals in the pastorals of
Piers the Plowman, and Chaucer; then the grad-
ual transference of interest from Nature to hu-
MORALITY AND THE RELIGIOUS LIFE. Frank
Chapman Sharp
282
Palmer's The Field of Ethics. -- Ladd's The Philos-
ophy of Conduct. — Wundt's Principles of Ethics
and Departments of the Moral Life. ---Schuyler's
Systems of Ethics. — Lazarus’ Ethics of Judaism.
- Ritchie's Studies in Political and Social Ethics.
.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
284
Clever literary parodies and burlesques. An
American landscape architect. — Immature Psy-
chology. - Southey's diary of a visit to Waterloo.
- A misjudged soldier of the Revolution. - Con-
fessions, musical and otherwise. - Phases of Colo-
nial expansion. — A study of the English Chron-
icle Play. A box of Revolutionary War letters.
The best of Parkman in a single volume.- His-
tory of the Arts and Crafts movement.
BRIEFER MENTION
288
NOTES
288
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS
290
.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
290


272
(Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
| later
a
manity, and the era of artificial standards and will ever linger his epigram, defiant to the artificers
verbose, euphuistic form. Two poets, Spenser and of past verse,
Shakespeare, retained their love of Nature and ad- "God made the country and man made the town."
herence to her simple, sincere teachings. The Nature had a personal message of healing for this
former confessed to a desire to revive the Vir- poet in the tangled meshes of his life; he realized
gilian spirit. The latter painted marvellous tints
and poetized her sane, restorative powers.
of sunshine and forest shade; he used Nature as a
background for his finest scenes. With a magical eighteenth century portrayed Nature as a sensuous
insight he seemed to prophesy our later spirit of delight, a mental inspiration, and a shrine for the
scientific yet poetic interpretation, when his Jacques soul's worship and repose. Wordsworth embodied
found
all these attributes. To him, Nature, in wildness
"Tongues in trees, books in the running brooks, or repose, inflamed the senses and the imagination,
Sermons in stones, and good in everything."
incited observation and thought, revealed the true
Following these poets, who interpreted Nature meaning of creation and the divine. A type of the
in an age already becoming enslaved to form and
imaginative dullard of his time was “ Peter Bell.”
fashion, there was the era of apathy and decadence,
This apathy he combatted with far more vigor than
both in poetry of nature and of loftier life, from
he deplored extreme scientific dissection. Eager to
the later passing of Shakespeare to the advent of bring about harmony between the poet and the
Cowper and Wordsworth. For a time, Nature was scientist, Wordsworth was the pioneer in express-
regarded not alone with indifference but even with
ing this ideal unity, now far nearer its consum-
disgust. Dryden, Pope, and their associates, ex-
mation;
“ If the time should ever come when what
tolled the city and deplored the hardships of trips is now called science, thus familiarized to man,
into the country. In prose also was voiced this
shall be ready to put on, as it were, a form of flesh
same sentiment of repugnance: the hills were irk- and blood, the Poet will lend this divine spirit to
some, the streams were swollen, the ocean was wild aid the transfiguration, and will welcome the Being
and gloomy. With the exception of occasional
thus produced as a dear and genuine inmate of the
lines in Milton's masterpieces, Nature seemed a household of man.” Tennyson and Browning, af-
tabooed theme for poetic usage.
fected even more than were Wordsworth and Shelley
From such abnormal status there came a re- by the scientific trend of thought, blended accuracy
action, gradual and tentative for many decades. with tenderness, observation with passion. Emer-
At first it was in the revival of Nature similes, not son revealed in American poetry the influence of
to celebrate the glories of scenery, but to afford converging science and poetry, often substituting
more striking epithets for descriptions of town- the philosopher's query for the poet's fancy. In
life and simpering heroines of the drawing-room. “The Rhodora,” however, with dauntless defiance
One readily recalls the vacuous phrases, “ lithe as eculation and utilitarian theories, he has pro-
a willow," " cheeks like a damask rose,” and similar duced a marvel of poetic charm.
“millinery adjectives.” Nature, as either true illus- We apply the term Nature-poet without dis-
tration or incentive, was still unseen. In minor crimination. In fact, after the revival of this in-
strains one notes the first revival of simple, true spiration nearly all the Victorian poets of first rank,
appreciation of Nature forms and rural beauty. and the American writers in yet greater degree,
Gay’s “Shepherd's Week” contains a few rare in- used Nature freely in their “poet's cloth of gold.”
tuitive lines on bird habits and country life. The
Tennyson found her beauteous changes a never-
“ Pastorals” of Ambrose Phillips are meagrely failing illustration for his lyrics and dramas of life.
interlined with passages of Nature observation, “ In Memoriam " is tinctured by scenic stanzas,
though one still misses the note of comradeship. | analogies or accompaniment to human mood. Swin-
Allan Ramsay was the pioneer poet in this revival burne and Morris, with less skill and diversity, have
of sympathy between Nature and man; “The thus used Nature as illustration. Browning, in the
Gentle Shepherd ” emanated from an observant major part of his poetry, does not commingle in
mind and a sincere love of rural scenes.
loving relations man and the external world, either
Thomson, by concentration of theme and minute- in its glory or its peace. There are exceptional
ness of description, stimulated popular taste to a passages, as the delicate song of the Mayne in
new observation of English woods and flowers. “Paracelsus." From Nature, as a rule, he gains
While his scenery is vivid and often effulgent, solitary intellectual incentive. In “ Pippa Passes"
there is a lack of the emotional warmth noted in and "Saul," however, the poet interprets human
Ramsay, and soon to be fully vitalized in the responsibility and sanity through the allegorical
poetry of Gray, Beattie, and Burns. This spiritual and descriptive messages of Nature.
awakening found expression in the poetry of Lang- Few poets have had deeper fervor for solitary Na-
horne, Burns, Crabbe; it reached its fruition in ture, both broad and restricted, than Landor. Like
Cowper, Wordsworth, Bryant, and Whittier. Over Keats, a devotee of classicism, he peopled woods
the tender and significant Nature poems of Cowper, and hills with messengers of Phæbus and Bacchus,
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even as the English nightingale is to Keats a proclaimed allegiance in deep sympathetic Nature
“ light-winged dryad of the trees.” Occasionally worship.
in Landor's poems one meets a lyric, blending, in In American poetry there are yet more distinct
happy simile, Nature and heart-love:
stages of development and messages of joyance .
“From you, Ianthe, little troubles pass
and reverence in Nature communion. It is axiom-
Like little ripples down a sunny river;
atic to recall the early prose, and the so-called
Your pleasures spring like daisies in the grass,
poems, descriptive of the cold wild hills and forests
Cut down, and up again as blithe as ever."
that seemed “daunting terrible" to the colonists in
The ancients gave Nature animate shapes, yet their primal search for shelter and harvest. With
seldom human; they made her sympathetic with the conquest of the soil and relaxation of the Pur-
man, often creative for him. But it remained for
itan revulsion against all objects of taste and joy,
the nineteenth century to endow Nature with a soul,
came an awakening of the observant and descrip-
to apostrophize her as the highest conception of tive faculties, reflected in the pioneer Nature
Life, Love, and Truth. Wordsworth infused both
verses of Philip Freneau and Richard Alsop.
a mentality and a spirituality into the object of his
After a series of crude yet sincere efforts at picto-
worshipful companionship. Coleridge embodying rial vision, among such forgotten poets as Percival
his philosophy in his Nature poetry made the world and Wilde, wherein awe is replaced by comradeship,
the transcendental image of ourselves :
Bryant, in 1817, wrote “Thanatopsis " and de-
“Ah! from the soul itself must issue forth
clared himself our first true Nature poet. Like
A light, a glory, a fair luminous cloud
Wordsworth, he combined illustrative portrayal
Enveloping the Earth."
with fervent incentive and broad interpretation.
Shelley's poetry yet more personifies the elements Emerson and Whittier also revealed this reflective
with the spirit of life and love. His "Skylark"
His “Skylark.” and interpretative attitude. If the former often ac-
is a “ blithe spirit,” his “West Wind” a “spirit centuated the philosopbic strain, he never lost the
fierce,- impetuous one.” Love, embodiment of poet's charm. Whittier must ever suggest the simple
Nature and humanity, the ultimate sublime crea- and heartfelt bucolics of Blake and Burns. Less
tion, utters the magical finale of “ Prometheus Un- speculative but more trustful than his associates, he
bound,”
has poetized Nature in graphic and varied forms.
And folds over the world its healing wings." Lowell, like Tennyson, found incentive to keen im-
While for purposes of classification one may
aginative and emotional pictures in woodland walk,
divide the modern poets, in their treatment of Na-
brilliant flowers, or dashing ocean-spray. Long-
ture, into three classes—those who worked by illus-
fellow is especially the American poet of the sea
tration, by incentive, and by interpretation, such
-
and shore, and in these memories are found some
distinctions are far from absolute. Tennyson and
of his most perfect work. With a note of true
Browning, Longfellow and Lowell, are in the main revelatory inspiration, he wrote,
types of illustrative poets ; Byron, Scott, and Lan-
* The heart of the great ocean
dor, poets of mental incentive or inspiration ;
Sends a thrilling pulse through me."
Wordsworth, Shelley, Bryant, Emerson, and Whit- Bayard Taylor is yet to receive due recognition as
tier are interpreters of human and divine laws a poet. To bim Nature gave rich fancies and strong
through Nature communion. There are, however, interpretations of life and divine laws. The early
occasional poems by many of the modern exponents
“ Home Pastorals,” the later sensuous pictures of
of this age of speculation, suggesting queries and
the Orient, reveal the poet's insight and joyous
yearning for their solution in Nature's laws. In comradeship with widely-scattered Nature forms.
Tennyson's later work are many such hints ; for
In the rollicking music of “Wind and Sea,” as sung
he was the most perfect creation of his age. When to-day, do we not often forget the poetic beauty?
he plucks his “ Flower from the Crannied Wall,” Buoyancy and grace coalesce in his poems. In
his cry is,
occasional revulsion at Whitman's baldness and
“But if I could understand
scientific freedom, we may overlook two odes un-
What you are, root and all, and all in all,
equalled in tenderness and Nature interpretation
I should know what God and man is."
- the nocturne of the mocking-bird and the per-
The current poets have interwoven Nature in fume of the lilac.
varied ways, — especially as allurement to wearied Southern skies and color must ever lure the poet's
city-pent souls, and as antidote to devitalizing com- senses. America has claim to no poet more deeply
mercialism and greed. Nature vistas, in vigor. | infused with Nature communion than was Lanier.
ous and delicate outlines, are scattered throughout He possessed even more than comradeship. His
the poetry of Robert Buchanan, George Meredith, soul responded to personal affinity in the marshes,
William Henley, and Alfred Austin. They give the robin, and the “ Friendly, sisterly, sweet-heart
sensuous charm to the dramas of Stephen Phillips, leaves."
and to the tense and virile odes of Kipling. Wil- In later poetry, of whatever locality, there are
liam Watson, an avowed pupil of Wordsworth, has few distinctive Nature versifiers. The exclusive-
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ness of theme has given place to broader suggestions
of the complex incentives of the age. Wordsworth
The New Books.
and Bryant are still the pervasive influences in
Nature poetry. They were deeply imbued with the
A BOSWELL FOR DUMAS.*
mission of such authorship, — to educate the senses,
incite the imagination and thought, and inspire the
“Posterity for me begins at the frontier," said
soul to worshipful interpretation of higher truths.
Dumas. And it is only during the last quarter-
Nature will reveal her lessons only to the responsive century — since the death of their writer - that
soul.
“Yea, what were mighty Nature's self ?
the imaginative pages of “Monte Cristo " and
Her features could they win us,
“Les Trois Mousquetaires " have made Amer-
Unhelped by the poetic voice
ica no inconsiderable part of that frontier. It
That hourly speaks within us ?”
has recently been pointed out that it is chiefly to
The mission and the distinctive message of Nature
Mr. Andrew Lang and Robert Louis Stevenson
poetry have been assimilated in many other themes
of current verse. She utters her reproach, she
that the literary rehabilitation of Dumas with
offers her benison, to a restless civilization. The
the English-speaking public is to be credited;
exquisite lyrics of Mr. Aldrich, the symphonic the former having assured us that the adven-
hymnal stanzas of Mr. Stoddard, the lyric pictures
tures of the three musketeers belonged to a legi-
by Richard Burton and Dr. Van Dyke, Miss Reeve timate sphere of French literature, while the
and Miss Guiney, the flower-songs of Mrs. Moulton latter voiced his admiration of the unstrained
and Mrs. Deland, the bucolics of James Whitcomb and wholesome morality of his “ Vicomte de
Riley, — such are indicative of the variety and ef- Bragelonne."
fulgence of American Nature-lore. In the strange In his interesting narrative of the life and
focalized genius of Emily Dickinson are brilliant
works of Dumas, Mr. Arthur F. Davidson, a
descriptive flashes, as in “ The Blue Jay":
critical English student, has made good use of
“No brigadier throughout the year
the voluminous Dumas literature that pre-
So civic as the jay.
A neighbor and a warrior too,
ceded him. The various French works con.
With shrill felicity.”
cerning Dumas have all confined themselves to
Among our younger American poets, nearly all some particular side of his talent or some par-
of whom have written Nature verse of beauty, are ticular period of his life. Hence, the present
three with significant motives. The sonnets of Mr. volume is, from a biographical and literary
Lloyd Mifflin are unique and revelatory of the standpoint, the first comprehensive and con-
artist-student of woods and shore. If the metrical
tinuous work, and fitly commemorates the cen-
form is occasionally difficult to maintain with ease,
tenary of Dumas's birth — July 24, 1902. For
the mind-image is always lucid and stimulative.
Mr. Scollard is a poet of rare melodies. His excess
some time the belief was current that Dumas
of imagery seldom obscures the real simplicity and
was born in 1803. Says the present biogra-
fervor of thought. “ The Walk” which leads him
pher:
to “ The Hills of Song,” and more recently “ The “By a singular inadvertence - so persistent is error
Lure of the Woodland,” have traces of floridity,
this was the date which originally appeared on the
but are matchless in music and joyance. From our
monument in the Place Malesherbes, which has since
been corrected. It is reasonable to attribute the origin
fretting, rushing surface-impressions, Nature can
of this mistake to the ambiguity of the Republican Cal-
lure us by the "magicry " and harmony portrayed
endar. On the fifth day of Thermidor in the year X of
by this poet. For the tabulated facts of Nature, the French Republic' so runs the acte de naissance of
her poetry supplies loving observation and recogni- | Dumas; and only on the supposition that the first year
tion of the vital truths, “the verities of life.” Na- of the Republic began on September 22, 1793, would
ture to such a poet is not alone a picture but a X be 1803. But, in fact, the first year was considered
loving comrade. To give counterpoise to the scien- to end, not to begin, on September 22, 1793, so that X
tific analysis of the day, the poet trains imagination
would be 1802."
and soul for Nature-communion. Mr. Cheney, one The first pronounced literary influence ex-
of our lyrists of elemental glories and concrete perienced by Dumas came from a meeting
beauties, has well embodied the poet's mission as
with Adolph de Leuven, afterwards a prolific
interpreter of Nature:
writer of vaudevilles and comic operas. An-
* For him the June days never go,
other event bearing upon his career was a per-
For him the roses ever blow,
And bleakest hours that be
formance of tragedy called “Hamlet," by an au-
Are loud with melody;
thor named Ducis. So the play-bill announced.
He looks, his eye in darkness sightful is ;
He leans, his ear can hear the silences."
*ALEXANDRE Dumas (père): His Life and his Works.
By Arthur F. Davidson, M.A. Philadephia: J. B. Lippin-
ANNIE RUSSELL MARBLE.
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To Dumas the word “tragedy "suggested Cor- illustrating, as Dumas in a Pickwickian way
neille and Racine. He knew nothing of “ Ham- observes, “the mutability of human judgment."
let," nor of Ducis; still less that this was only Other light works were produced in quick suc-
an adaption from Shakespeare in which the cession. In 1827 a company of English actors,
French playwright sought to smooth over the chief among whom was Charles Kemble, visited
crudities of the original by certain doctorings Paris with a Shakespearian répertoire. “From
in the approved “classic" style.
this hour, as never before, I had an idea what
“ The demon of poetry was now awakened in the theatre really was,” says Dumas." It was
.
me, and would give me no rest,” said Dumas. the first time I had seen on the stage real pas-
Soon after, through a happy chance, he was sions animating men and women of flesh and
introduced to that happy coterie of privileged | blood.”
beings who made the plays and the laws of “ Henry III.,” - described as a faithful
the Théâtre Français.
picture of the period intended to be repre-
As this event marked a starting-point in his sented, - was a notable success. It was appre-
remarkable career, it may not be amiss to lay ciated the more for the reason that hitherto
aside for the moment Mr. Davidson's biogra. Dumas had been notorious for the freedom
phy and glance at the conditions then existing with which he poached in German preserves ;
The aberrations of the French dramatists arose while the talent displayed in dressing up his
principally from an egregious misconception of spoils, combined with his undoubted originality,
Shakespeare, whom they ambitiously attempted had silenced his critics. « Christine" and
“
to imitate and rival. His name, and those “Antony” followed “Henry III.” These
of Schiller and Goethe, were perpetually on preceded their author's short career of political
their lips ; and yet the only development they life, summing up which his biographer says:
aimed at was that of sensual propensities, “It is easy enough to criticise him from the vantage-
although these are the lowest in the scale of ground of secure indifference; we do better to remem-
themes for dramatic treatment, according to
ber bow hard it was in those incandescent' days to
avoid entanglements (witness, for example, all the
those great masters themselves. The old for-
ridiculous turmoil raised in 1833 about the interesting
mal classic drama had fallen into decay and condition of the Duchesse de Berry), and to admit that
disrepute ; a new order of things was demanded if Dumas sometimes made a fool of himself he did so
by the innovating spirit of the times. Great in a numerous and not undistinguished company."
models of other nations, indistinctly under- Page after page is devoted by Mr. Davidson
stood, seemed to form standards whereon their to the other theatrical works of Dumas. We
compositions might be moulded. Unsuited to are told how his “ Napoleon Bonaparte " was
French style and sentiment, the endeavor to written ; we are given descriptions and critical
imitate them led to productions of the most ano- comments on “Antony,” • Richard Darling-
"
malous character, wherein the stateliness of ton," "La Tour de Nesle," Catherine Howard,"
Shakespeare, the mysticism of the German, the “ Don Juan de Marana,” etc., on down through
impetuous frivolity and diseased imagination the list. Then follow entertaining chapters of
of France, were mingled in a heterogeneous anecdote and reminiscence. As he approached
compound. Wherever the influence of Shake middle age, the alert dramatist noticed with
speare is felt it must be ultimately beneficial. regret two tendencies of the times : the decline
Schiller's “ Wallenstein” and Goethe’s “ Tor- of supper parties as an institution, and the
quato Tasso ” sank into inferiority when com- growing habit of smoking. He regarded nico-
pared with Shakespeare. When the French tine as a stupefying drug, — the enemy of
-
public began to manifest the desire for a new esprit. At repartee, Dumas was always able
dramatic form — for a drama more in unison to hold his own. At the Français one evening,
with and expressive of the spirit of the times during the performance of a play by Soumet,
- Delavigne wrote his “Vepres Siciliennes."
a spectator was observed to be slumbering.
It appeared in 1824 (when Dumas was twenty- “Look,” said Dumas to the author of the play,
two years of age), and the sentiments of liberty who was sitting near him, " you see the effect
that abounded in it endeared it for a while to produced by your tragedy !” But next evening,
a fastidious public. It was the forerunner of a at the same theatre, it happened that the play
new school in French dramatic art.
was one of Dumas's own, and it happened that
“ La Chasse et l'Amour,” a vaudeville in the a gentleman in the stalls was overpowered with
Scribe fashion, marked Dumas's debut as a sleep. Soumet, being present, noticed this ;
dramatist. The piece was produced at once, - and with infinite satisfaction, tapping Dumas
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on the shoulder, he said : “ Please notice, my Reine Margot,” “Le Chevalier de Maison
dear Dumas, that your plays can send people Rouge,” “Joseph Balsamo," and so on. Says
to sleep as well as mine."
“Not at all,” was
Mr. Davidson :
the ready reply; “that's our friend of yester- “Human nature, as Plato long ago observed, has
day; he has not woke up yet!”
been coined in very small pieces ; and the sorting of
Mr. Davidson points out that between Scott
these, to form a just estimate of character, involved so
much balancing and counterbalancing that it ends in
and Dumas there are resemblances which al-
being perplexing without being any the more infallible.
ways strike the attention. Both, as boys, were For Dumas it has to be said tbat whenever be touches
what is scholastically called “idle”; both be history -- in novels, plays, or studies — he has the true
;
gan life as apprentices to the legal profession ; historical instinct; without either faculty or inclination
each essayed a form of literature different synthesis quite as convincing as any that can be reached
for the drudgery of analysis he somehow arrives at a
from that in which he eventually found his by the most minute methods."
widest popularity. Scott began with poetry,
“ The Three Musketeers,” – the loyal com-
Dumas with drama ; but the chief title to fame radeship of these seventeenth-century gallants,
for both was to be the historical novel. In
their reckless fighting, their impetuous love-
each case German romanticism was a powerful
influence; and by a curious coincidence both making, which typified to the French public
certain characteristics identified with France
Scott and Dumas in early years exercised them in her greatest days, — jumped into instant
.
selves in a translation of the same work -
popularity. Speaking of "The Count of Monte
Burger's ballad of “Lenore." Both authors, Cristo," written in collaboration with Maquet
it may be added, made much money by their and possibly Fiorentino, Blaze de Bury says:
,
writings; the one built his Abbotsford, the
“ Dumas in a way collaborated with everyone.
other his Monte Cristo, — and both fell into
-
From an anecdote he made a story, from a story he
financial difficulties. “ The qualities of Scott," made a romance, from a romance he made a drama;
said Damas, “ are not dramatic qualities. Ad- and he never let an idea go until he had extracted from
mirable in the portrayal of manners, charac-
it everything that it could yield him. Admit, as the
ter, and costume, he is unable to depict pas-
critics will have it, bis collaboration, plagiarism, imita-
tion: he possessed bimself what no one could give him;
sions. • Kenilworth 'is the only roman pas- and this we know because we have seen what his assist-
sione that he wrote, and it is the only one that ants did when they were working on their own account
has attained great success in stage form.
and separately from him."
My conviction was that France would be best The present biographer has gone carefully
suited by an equal fidelity in regard to man- through the long list of Dumas's writings, de
ners and characters, combined with a more scribing plots and analyzing motives. It would
lively dialogue and more real passions.” After be superfluous to follow him minutely through
reading the “ Waverley Novels,” he cherished the list; suffice it to say that the work is that
the idea of popularizing French history. of a scholar, and one who has breathed the at-
In Victor Hugo, France beheld the double mosphere of Damas for many years. As the
character of genius : the light-hearted poet and vogue of the historical novel began and ended,
the dismal humanitarian ; the lover of beauty so far as France is concerned, with the author
for the sake of beauty, and the conscious ad- of “ Les Trois Mousquetaires,” his biographer
mirer - not to say advocate — of ugliness, of is justified in adding that the influence of Damas
crime, of monsters. Balzac was survived by a has probably been the greatest in the sphere of
feeble school of imitators, and France was sub- the drama. Sardou considered him the best
jected to a tainted course of licentious literature all-round homme de théâtre of his century.
in which scandalous stories were covered Never,” wrote a friend, “were good humor,
over by a certain elegant varnish by describing cordiality, and sympathy more plainly stamped
the scenes as taking place in the drawing-rooms on any face than on that of Dumas."
and boudoirs of high life. Michelet was looked A vagrant by nature, Dumas was always on
upon as a professional historian. Merimée the move, and his movements were as swift as
was too delicate for the general public, though his repartee. It is said that when he left
his gems of art were prized by the connois- Paris for the last time, he brought with him
Such was the condition of things when all his worldly wealth in the shape of a single
Dumas conceived the idea of writing novels of gold-piece, which he solemnly deposited on the
historical significance, as Scott had done across mantel-piece of his room at Puys. One day,
the channel. « Le Chevalier d'Harmental” was toward the close of his eventful career, his eye
followed by “Une Fille de Regent,” “La wandered to this coin, which had remained un-
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1902.)
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46
touched, and pointing to it he said to his son : foundations of the new edition are supplied by
“See there ! Fifty years ago, when I came to Poe's own copy of the “ Broadway Journal
Paris, I had one louis in my possession. Why marked by himself, his own copy of “The Raven
have people accused me of being a prodigal ? I and Other Poems" (1845), with the poet's mar-
have preserved it and possess it still; look, there ginal corrections (amounting, in the case of
it is !” It was his last jest. On December “The Raven " alone, to no less than thirty-
5, 1870, the end came in an apoplectic seizure. seven changes), his own copy of the “Tales”
Mr. Davidson has been, on the whole, an (1845) with similar corrections, his own copy
appreciative and entertaining Boswell for of Eureka," also annotated by the author, and
Dumas.
INGRAM A. PYLE. the original files of the “Southern Literary
Messenger" and other periodicals to which
Poe contributed from time to time.
The work thus presented as Poe wished it
THE 6 VIRGINIA " POE.*
to be read is arranged in strictly chronological
When the edition of Poe, prepared under order, making it possible to study the evolution
the editorship of Mr. Stedman and Professor of his style, and his growth from the crudity
Wood berry, was published about ten years ago,
of his earlier writings to the almost absolute
it seemed as if editorial and critical skill had perfection of his best later work. In dealing
exhausted the possibilities of the case, and that with the “ Literati” papers, Griswold's sub-
the works of the author were at last brought stitution of his own work for that of Poe in no
together in a form that would remain definitive. less than five cases is exposed. The Margin-
But we are compelled to admit, after a care- alia” now includes some forty pages of matter
ful examination, that the existence of the new
that Griswold suppressed, and the papers on
Virginia” edition, edited by Professor James autography and secret writing are now for the
A. Harrison, is fully justified by the new matter
first time reprinted in full. There are various
which it offers, as well as by its corrections in appendices (for Mr. Harrison has aimed to give
the text of the matter already familiar. While us a Poe encyclopædia rather than a mere new
we cannot say that it supersedes the earlier edi- edition), among which we notice an examin-
tion- nothing could well supersede the critical
ation of the Poe-Chivers controversy which
and biographical work of the former editors - makes it clear that Chivers was the plagiarist,
it does provide a supplement to that edition several contemporary reviews of Poe, some new
which students of Poe will henceforth find in- matter found among the Griswold manuscripts,
dispensable.
and a complete . bibliography of all of Poe's
À précis of the new edition, based upon the known writings. Finally, we have all of Poe's
editor's statement, will make clear the reasons correspondence that the editors could find, in.
for the judgment above expressed. Quoting cluding many letters to the poet as well as
Poe's own words, “I am naturally anxious that those written by him. Something like two-
what I have written should circulate as I wrote
thirds of the contents of this volume of corres-
it, if it circulate at all,” the editor tells us that pondence consists of matter which is new even
he became convinced almost from the start of to the special students of the poet.
the necessity of extracting “a new and abso- This statement of the general results ac-
lutely authentic text from the magazines, per-
complished by the painstaking industry of the
iodicals, and books of tales and poems which editor must now be supplemented by an account
Poe himself had edited or to which he had
of the consecutive volumes of the new edition.
contributed.” In the application of this pro- The first of the seventeen volumes is occupied
cedure each one of the tales and poems has with a biography of the most searching and
been made the subject of a special study of its painstaking sort. The appendix to this volume
various “states," with the result that we have gives us the autobiographical memorandum
in most instances a very different text from that prepared for Griswold, Griswold's famous (or
published by Griswold. In two or three cases infamous) “Ludwig " article on the death of
only, the Griswold version has been reproduced the poet, and five additional articles and
for the simple reason that the original publi- essays by Lowell, Willis, and others. Next in
cation was absolutely not to be found. The order come five volumes of the tales. This
section has for an introduction the eloquent
*THE COMPLETE WORKS OF EDGAR ALLAN POE. Edited
by James A. Harrison. In seventeen volumes. Illustrated.
essay of Mr. H. W. Mabie on “Poe's Place
New York: Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.
in Literature,” prepared as an address at the


278
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
Here we
University of Virginia upon the occasion of services done for us by Mr. Harrison. Although
the Poe celebration three years ago. Here, many of Poe's letters have found a place in his
as elsewhere throughout the edition, the vari- various biographies, it yet remains true that
ants of the different printed texts are minutely many others are now for the first time printed,
recorded in a body of notes. The single vol. and that the letters have never before been col-
ume of the poems has an elaborate critical in- lected into a volume of their own. The value of
troduction by Professor Charles W. Kent, of this volume is greatly enhanced by its inclusion
which the most striking feature is a parallel in many cases of both sides of the correspond-
drawn between Poe and Chopin, a parallelence, and by the addition of many letters writ-
that
grows upon the reader the more he thinks ten about Poe by his friends and others. It
of it. The appendix to this volume includes should be said in closing this account, that each
several poems that have been attributed to volume of the seventeen has a frontispiece illus-
Poe, and reduces to an absurdity the charge tration, and that the entire set is presented in
of plagiarism made in behalf of Chivers. a handy form that makes its use a pleasure,
The tales and poems are followed by six whether for consultation or continuous reading.
volumes of literary criticism, of which nearly
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
four consist of matter now for the first time re-
printed. This fact alone would furnish ample
justification for the new edition, were it in any
way needed. Some of the notices may seem DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION.*
almost as unimportant as the forgotten books
A fractious critic of Professor J. M. Bald-
that they embalm, but there can be no serious
win's latest work, “ Development and Evolu-
question of the importance of making accessi; tion,” might head his review “The Circular
ble the entire output of our first professional Reaction," borrowing a favorite term of the
critic of high rank. The fourteenth volume con-
author's. The patient reader finds himself
tains essays and miscellaneous writings, about again and again confronted by the same argu-
one-fourth of the matter being new.
find in full the articles on secret writing, also viii. the author actually quotes portions “from
ments and the same definitions, and in chapter
“The Philosophy of Composition,” “The Ra-
an earlier page” of the same work, equivalent
tionale of Verse," and "The Poetic Principle."
when added together to about six pages! Fur-
The fifteenth volume gives us The Literati of
thermore, we are favored with long extracts
New York City” and the first reprint of the
" Autography papers, facsimiles and all. The from the writings of several authors, express-
"
ing again the views set forth in the book. In
editing of the “ Literati” has had the singular his preface, Professor Baldwin explains and
result of proving that five of the papers hitherto
defends this procedure at some length, and
included in editions of Poe were not written by
Poe at all, but were substituted by Griswold for says, what is certainly true, that repetition has
Poe's original articles. This is a particularly
its pedagogical justification.
Putting aside this peculiarity of the work,
interesting revelation, because in the case of
it
may
be said at once that there is much in it
Thomas Dunn English it shows that much of the
to interest any intelligent reader. No attempt
malice of the attack was Griswold's. A more
is made to adopt a "popular" style of writing,
cowardly and contemptible act is probably not
to be found in all the annals of editing. Mr.
or to enliven the pages with poor jokes ; but
the facts and arguments are clearly put for-
Harrison has now restored Poe's articles to
proper places, and printed Griswold's per- derstood. Ålso, as might be expected from
their
ward in language not too technical to be un-
versions in an appendix. The sixteenth volume
Professor Baldwin, the book represents orig-
gives us the fifteen papers called “Marginalia,”
inal thought of a high order, and not a rehash
exactly reprinted from the magazines in which
of other people's notions. In view of the large
they appeared. Then comes the “Eureka" in
amount of second-rate scientific literature in-
full, with the notes made by the author in his
own copy, and which he intended to em body in
tended for general reading, it is worth while to
a second edition. This volume closes with a Poe point out these distinctions.
The central idea of the book is that of “Or-
bibliography, followed by a general index to
the fifteen volumes of the works. Last of all, * DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION. Including Psychophy-
sical Evolution, Evolution by Orthoplasy, and the Theory
we have in the seventeenth volume the Poe cor.
of Genetic Modes. By James Mark Baldwin. New York:
respondence, which represents one of the chief The Macmillan Co.


1902.]
279
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ganic Selection," whereby those individuals are transmitted ; and the best structures are
(plants, animals, or men) survive which ac- those built on solid foundations. Who has not
commodate themselves to their environment. seen acquired characters collapse because of
In the simplest form of Natural Selection, cer- the lack of hereditary power? and who has not
tain individuals survive because best fitted for seen the effects of an evil inheritance? Hence,
their surroundings; while others, possessing so far from modification being an impediment
inherent weaknesses or defects, die or fail to to progress through selection, it is the very
leave offspring. For example, a bird or a rep- thing which renders such progress possible,
tile or an insect may survive because its color because it gives value to that which would
is such as to make it inconspicuous. Its nat- otherwise be valueless. It is the parable of the
ural enemies, ever on the lookout for food, talents over again: only those who put what
fail to detect its presence, while they detect they have to good use, whereby it is increased,
and devour individuals less fortunately colored. are judged fit.
Suppose, however, that the creature has the It will be apparent, also, that the congenital
power of changing its color to suit its sur- acquirements, which in adult life are over-
roundings, as has the chameleon. It escapes shadowed by those acquired, must be of extreme
just as well as if it had originally been of the importance at an early and critical stage. A
necessary color. Suppose, again, that it has no slight tendency or ability, at the proper mo-
,
chameleon-like power, but has intelligence, so ment, may be worth as much as the highest
that, being green, it hides amongst green leaves; powers later on. It is like the small capital
or being brown, amongst the rocks. Again it with which many a merchant begins business :
escapes destruction. Suppose that, instead of a trilling thing in itself, but how significant
hiding, it learns to fight, and defeats its ene- when considered in relation to subsequent
mies. The result is again the same. In short, events !
many creatures survive through a process of Professor Baldwin certainly does a service
accommodation to their surroundings, — and in calling attention to these things, and at the
this is “Organic Selection."
same time to the immense importance of mind
It has been difficult for evolutionists to ac- in the evolution of higher types. He shows
count for the origin of instinct or physical pe- how the power to learn is in many cases better
culiarities which, in a slightly developed form, than the ability, through instinct, to do as was
,
would not be of any apparent value. How can done before. Suppose that we could inherit
natural selection preserve that which is merely the thoughts and customs of our ancestors, in
,
prophetic of a coming utility? The explana- a biological as well as in a social sense ; what
tion lies partly in the fact that such characters would be the result? The people of America,
may be correlated with others which are useful for one thing, would still be firm believers in
at the time, but also very largely in “Organic monarchy and slavery; they would still believe
Selection," which preserves individuals capable the world to be filat, and the sun to go around
,
of adaptive modifications. To take a simple the earth. It is well, indeed, that every gen-
instance, the native intelligence of man, under eration has to learn afresh. Yet, with all this,
the conditions of civilized society, would by each generation receives abundantly from its
no means secure survival. Even a genius, if predecessors of the fruits of learning. Through
brought up in isolation and totally uneducated, books and speech we have the social transmis-
would be a very poor sort of human being. sion of that which cannot be inherited. Note,
Man, however, has immense powers of adapta. however, this distinction : we choose what we
tion, and is able to supplement his original will receive from the past; the lower types,
endowment by a process of learning which gives governed by instinct, have to take what comes,
him command of the greater part of the earth. without choice. Thus, through the power of
However, this acquired learning, like every the mind, progress becomes increasingly rapid,
other acquired character, apparently cannot be all sorts of conditions being successfully met.
inherited, and the new-born child has to learn It does not seem to the present writer that
as did his parents. It has been suggested that “Organic Selection ” is quite a happy term, or
this fact would put a stop to progress, because that it should be contrasted with “ Natural
the means of survival would not be transmitted. Selection." All these forms of selection are
This, however, is not at all the case, for in every included in the Natural Selection of Darwin,
instance the acquired characters are built upon though the emphasis may have been placed on
congenital ones. The foundations, as it were, one special type. I should prefer, then, to use
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280
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e
the term Natural Selection in a very broad to the conquest of the world in his own way,
sense, and to call the restricted Natural Old Fitz, conscious though he must have been
Selection" of Professor Baldwin “ Direct Se- of not inferior powers, retired to view the strife
lection,” while Organic Selection might be from an obscure corner of Suffolk, whence the
known as “ Indirect Selection."
glittering vanities of the world seldom lured
There are so many interesting ideas in the him forth. “Travelling, you know, is a van-
book that any limited review must fail to do it ity,” he declares, with Emerson and Horace;
justice. The “ Theory of Genetic Modes” is “the soul remains the same." Even near-by
worth a special article, and cannot be well dis- London he visited only at long intervals; for
cussed in a few lines. The chapter on “Se- the people there, he said, were “all clever, com-
lective Thinking” is an important one.
It is posed, satirical, selfish, and well-dressed. One
shown that intelligent attention can only be finds but few serious men in London. I mean
given to ideas or facts which can in some way serious even in fun, with a true purpose and
be connected with our platform of thought of character, whatsoever it may be. London melts
the time being. Thus, the adult rejects ab- away all individuality into a common lump of
surdities which do not seem at all incongruous cleverness. . . . The dulness of country life
to the child. The evolution of thought in the is better than the impudence of Londoners."
life of the individual is thus comparable to the Fishermen and farmers he enjoyed, and com-
evolution of a series of types : at the beginning, munion with his books he found infinitely
a
several alternatives may be possible, but the better than idle talk. Compliments were in-
highly-developed type has to follow along the tolerable to him, and even thanks for gifts he
path it has chosen, with no great deviation thought were better withheld.
therefrom. Hence it may be that the music of So feminine a sensibility is rarely found
the spheres is inaudible to us, and a little child united with so masculine an intelligence. The
may understand things which are hidden from former, however, is perhaps the more strongly
the adult. And after all, the great secret of marked. “Taste," he was fond of saying, " is
human superiority lies in the fact that we begin the feminine of genius "; and to taste be laid
life as children, with the power to choose be- some modest claim, but none whatever to gen-
tween good and evil. We have thus taken upon ius. A humorous sense of the ironies and
per.
ourselves the functions of the Creator.
versities of this life, of the tendency of all
T. D. A. COCKERELL. things to pass over into their opposites, is man-
ifest on every page of bis letters. His virtues
had more power to put him to shame than his
frailties. With the Concord sage, be stood in
THE WOODBRIDGE PHILOSOPHER.*
considerable awe of his good qualities. Like
old Donne he held that “ he who knows his
The appearance of a complete edition of
virtue's name and place, hath none." To
Edward FitzGerald's writings is gratifying Tennyson, poor and as yet unknown to fame,
proof of increasing appreciation of that rare
he writes :
genius. It is a question whether the modest
“I have heard you sometimes say that you were
recluse himself would have been more amused bound by the want of such and such a sum, and I vow
or outraged at the intimation that within to the Lord that I could not have a greater pleasure
twenty years of his death he should be ad- than transferring it to you on such occasions ; I should
vanced to the dignity of a “Variorum and
not dare to say such a thing to a small man, but you are
Definitive Edition” in seven sumptuous vol-
not a small man assuredly, and even if you do not make
use of my offer, you will not be offended, but put it to
umes in Japan vellum. For, as Fanny Kemble the right account. It is very difficult to persuade peo-
said of him, he “took more pains to avoid fame ple in this world that one can part with a bank-note
than others do to seek it."
without a pang. It is one of the most simple things I
have ever done to talk thus to you, I believe ; but here
I
With most of us, “ when the veil from the
is an end, and be charitable to me.”
eyes is lifted, the seer's head is gray.” In
To his friends no one could be more loyal.
FitzGerald's case, the clearer vision, or at least
He never knew when to cast off an old acquaint-
the philosophic calm, was his from the cradle.
ance—or article of dress. The tall bat that he
While friends and contemporaries turned each
wore tilted on the back of his head, and seldom
*THE WORKS OF EDWARD FITZGERALD, Variorum and
removed in the daytime, except when he wanted
Definitive Edition. Arranged and edited by George Ben-
with Introduction by Edmund Gosse. In seven vol-
a red handkerchief from its interior, was bat-
ames. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co.
tered and shabby. His shirt-front, over which
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1902.)
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a
E
6
fell a carelessly tied black silk scarf, was not comes again must take to some dull study to
too ostentatiously suggestive of the ironing keep from suicide, I suppose. The river, the
.
,
board. His impatience of sham finds manifold sea, etc., serve to divert one now.” To admir-
forms of expression. Leaves and whole sec- ers of his matchless translations—his “impu-
tions he ruthlessly tore out of his books when dencies," as he called them, referring to their
he thought them mere padding. His library wide departures from the original—the fol-
was made up chiefly of fragments of authors. lowing is of interest:
Only in the case of Shakespeare and a few others “I suppose very few people have ever taken such
would he tolerate a writer's opera omnia. And pains in translation as I have : though certainly not to
yet he so cheerfully endured the dreary length
be literal. But at all cost, a thing must live : with a
transfusion of one's own worse life if one can't retain the
of “Clarissa,” and the long-windedness of his original's better. Better a live sparrow than a stuffed
favorite Crabbe, that we find him reading the eagle."
former for the fifth time twenty years before His hearty dislike oi the "ambition of fine
his death, and the latter was for decades his writing" finds frequent expression.
vade mecum. His letters abound in references « Boccaccio's humor in his country people, friars,
to what Carlyle called his “innocent far-niente scolds, etc., is capital : as well, of course, as the easy
life.” To Frederic Tennyson he writes :
grace and tenderness of other parts. One thinks that
“I live on in a very seedy way, reading occasionally
no one who had well read him and Don Quixote would
in books which every one else has gone through at school:
ever write with a strain again, as is the curse of nearly
and what I do read is just in the same way as ladies
all modern literature. I know that easy writing is
work: to pass the time away. For little remains in my
d-d hard reading.' Of course the man must be a man
head. I dare say you think it very absurd that an idle
of genius to take his ease : but if he be, let him take it.
man like me should poke about here in the country,
I suppose that such as Dante, and Milton, and my Daddy
when I might be in London seeing my friends: but [Wordsworth), took it far from easy: well, they dwell
such is the humour of the beast ... for all wbich idle
apart in the empyrean; but for human delight, Shake-
ease I think I must be damned. But idleness is a test
speare, Cervantes, Boccaccio, and Scott ! ”
of virtue. The greater the idleness the greater the
To FitzEdward Hall he has something to
merit (in being virtuous).”
say about so-called Americanisms.
And when at rare intervals be so far forsook his “ I remember old Hudson Gurney. cavilling a little
" idle ease" as to appear, with modest anony.
at realize,' as I innocently used the word in a memoir
mity, in print, he immediately felt somewhat
of my old Bernard Barton near thirty years ago: this
word I have seen branded as American; let America
ashamed, as he said, of having allowed his lei-
furnish us with more such words; better than what our
are to drive him into print when so many much old English' pedants supply with their «fore-word' for
more capable people kept silent. “I have not preface,'• folk-lore,' and other such conglomerate con-
the strong inward call," he declares, “por
•
sonants.'
cruel-sweet pangs of parturition, that prove the
The following, written forty-one years ago, is
birth of anything bigger than a mouse."
still timely:
The world may well be thankful for “ that “We should give up something before it is forced from
very young-lady-like partiality to writing to
The world, I think, may justly resent our being
those that I love." The only regret is that all
and interfering all over the globe. Once more, I say,
would we were a little, peaceful, unambitious, trading
his letters could not have been preserved. One nation, like—the Dutch!”
feels tempted to say hard things of John Allen Best of all FitzGerald's letters are those to
and James Spedding for their heedless destruc- Fanny Kemble, perhaps because they are to a
tion or loss of the letters they received from the
woman whose sympathetic nature calls forth
Laird of Littlegrange. The Chelsea sage bet- .
the writer's most intimate self-revealings. Here,
ter appreciated those kindly human messages; too, the play of fancy is most unrestrained. .
indeed, he complained that they came not often
His odd stringing together of ideas, each one
enough. It is difficult to write about these let- suggesting the following, is often amusing.
ters without transcribing whole pages of them, For example, he thus closes one letter:
so happily do they picture the quiet life of the
“ Also I beg leave to say that nothing in Mowbray's
recluse. “I believe," he writes, “I love poetry letter set me off writing again to Mrs. Kemble, except
almost as much as ever: but then I have been her address, which I knew not till he gave it to me, and I
suffered to dose all these years in the enjoy-
remain her very humble obedient servant, The Laird of
ment of old childish habits and sympathies,
Littlegrange-of which I enclose a side view done by a
Woodbridge artisan for his own amusement. So that
without being called on to more active and seri-
Mrs. Kemble may be made acquainted with the habi-
ous duties of life. I have not put away childish tat' of the flower
- which is about to make an omelette
things, though a man.” Again, “I read very for its Sunday dinner.”
little: and get very desultory : but when winter | Again and again he begs her to spare bis eyes
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282
[Nov. 1,
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a
and not cross her letters, and especially not to Edmund Gosse has pointed out, it is a render-
cover ber address (when she gives it) with ing of neither the Persian nor any other lan-
cross-writing. He reiterates his entreaty that guage. The admirable quatrain we owe purely
she shall not feel in the least obliged to answer to FitzGerald. But, as if to fall in with the
his letters. The amiable quarrel over these joke and humor his critic, he twice altered the
matters, and the amusing criminations and lines, how much to their ultimate detriment the
recriminations regarding illegible penmanship, reader may see by turning to the poem as it is
appear to have gone on to the end, each party now printed.
to the friendly bickering having pet babits and That FitzGerald is coming to his own will re-
whims that positively refuse to listen to dicta- joice his admirers. His coming to it is largely
tion-although we once find the lady spelling because he lays no claim to, nor even seems in
out her letter on a typewriter in a desperate any way burdened with a consciousness of, his
attempt at clearness.
desert. But we are like the gods : to him who
Of FitzGerald's published prose, aside from scorns our charities our arms fly open wide.
his letters, the short preface to “ Polonius " is
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
the most characteristic. Its brief paragraphs
are packed full of the writer's quaintly shrewd
reflections. Of death he says one first realizes
that he must die about the time be becomes con-
MORALITY AND THE RELIGIOUS LIFE.*
scious of being a fool. The earlier « Eu.
The problem of presenting to a popular audience
phranor," with its occasional suggestion of certain fundamental facts of ethics has been solved
“fine writing," of which the author afterward by Professor Palmer, in his work entitled “The
found it guilty, shows us FitzGerald in some- Field of Ethics,” in a manner that is novel, and at
thing nearer a studied pose than he elsewhere the same time interesting and successful. The most
exhibits.
important terms in the vocabulary of the science are
Of FitzGerald as a poet these haphazard defined, and its leading phenomena described by
notes have said nothing, because he has thus passing in review the affinities and differences be
been chiefly treated by others. That he was
tween a historical law and a law of morality,
between the latter and the law of the state, between
a master of that other harmony of prose, de-
beauty and goodness of character, and between
serves also to be emphasized. Perhaps the
the religious and the moral life. The greatest
prime excellence of his style is its scorn of lit.
amount of space is naturally devoted to this last
erary finery. Never chasing after the one elu- topic. Every act, it is declared, may be regarded
sive best word, he yet never seems at a loss for in a finite and an infinite way. In so far as it is
a fitting expression ; and while his English is performed in order to realize the best in human life,
of the best, the reader feels that it is just such it is moral; in so far as it is done for the sake of
English as FitzGerald would use in familiar its infinite implications for the love of God - it
conversation. His modest estimate of his own
is religious. Actions are often performed with only
the former end in view ; on the other hand, expe-
verse finds expression in a letter to Bernard
rience shows that “a good many persons who are
Barton.
sincerely religious are not quite responsive to the
“I am a man of taste, of whom there are hundreds
demands of the moral code." But the life in which
born every year: only that less easy circumstances than
the finite and infinite are thus separated is pro-
mine at present are compel them to one calling: that
calling perhaps a mechanical one, which overlies all
nounced mutilated and unsatisfying. The man who
their other, and naturally perhaps more energetic im-
succeeds in realizing all that is best within him
pulses. As to an occasional copy of verses, there are
is he who walks in the light of both worlds, com-
few men who have leisure to read, and are possessed of prehending their demands in a unity which only &
any music in their souls, who are not capable of versi-
*THE FIELD OF ETHICS. Noble Lectures for 1899. By
fying on some ten or twelve occasions during their nat-
George H. Palmer. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
ural lives: at a proper conjunction of the stars. There
THE PHILOSOPHY OF CONDUCT. By George T. Ladd. New
is no harm in taking advantage of such occasions.” York : Charles Scribner's Sons.
One item regarding the “Rubáiyát." The first
Ethics. By Wilhelm Wundt. Volume III., Principles
of Morality and Departments of the Moral Life. Trans, by
stanza originally appeared thus :
M. F. Washburn. New York: The Macmillan Co.
“ Awake! for morning in the bowl of night
SYSTEMS OF ETHICs. By Aaron Schuyler. New York:
Has flung the stone that puts the stars to flight; Jennings & Pye.
And lo! the bunter of the East has caught
ETHICS OF JUDAISM. By M. Lazarus. Trans. by H. Szold.
The Sultan's turret in a noose of light."
Volumes I. and II. Philadelphia : Jewish Publication Society
of America.
Some sapient critic censured this as too literal
STUDIES IN POLITICAL AND SOCIAL ETHICS. By D. G.
a rendering of the Persian, whereas, as Mr. Ritchie. New York: The Macmillan Co.
.
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1902.)
283
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a
theoretical analysis can resolve into distinguishable of morality. Right action, he holds, is action con-
elements.
ducive to welfare; the welfare, however, is not that
The comprehensive treatise of Professor Ladd of any individual, but that of the community. The
on “The Philosophy of Conduct” will appeal to a community is here thought of, not as a mere name
different audience from that for which Professor for certain persons living in social relations, it
Palmer wrote his lectures. It addresses itself to the is an entity, composed indeed of such persons, but
specialist, and aims to make an original contribution more permanent than they, and independent of any
to the theory of ethics. Professor Ladd does not one of them as the body is independent of any one
believe that morality can be exhaustively defined of its constituent cells. The ultimate grounds for
as an instrument of human happiness. He sees that Professor Wundt's position can be found only by
Hume is in error when he writes: “Utility is the connecting his ethical inquiries with the results of his
sole source of that high regard paid to justice, fidel- speculations in metaphysics. But however bolstered
ity, honor, allegiance, and chastity." This plus, how- up, the position remains decidedly paradoxical; and
ever, he is entirely unable to analyze; and so the in the sixteen years that have intervened since its
nature of morality is left in the end as unintelligible publication in the German edition of the “ Ethics
as at the beginning. Thereupon, as invariably hap- it seems to have obtained few adherents. Professor
pens in such cases, recourse is had to a theological Wundt's view of the relation between religion and
explanation. The unique and mysterious emotion of morality differs considerably from those above re-
obligation appears as something directly implanted viewed. In Volume I. he shows in an interesting
by God, and conscience as a specially created chan- way that the majority of the forms of contemporary
nel for the communication of the Divine Will. It social life owe their origin to the religious ceremo
is probable that this explanation will not satisfy the nies of our primitive ancestors. On the other hand,
majority of moralists. There is a sense in which the objects of religious veneration are held to have
not merely the moral life, but the entire content of had their source in the moral ideal itself. “ That
consciousness, will be admitted to be an emanation which man early feels to be the content of his moral
from the life of God. Few authorities, however, consciousness, his imagination represents as a world
will agree that anything is gained by explaining objective and yet permanently related to himself.”
any one of its elements, as instinct, memory, or The destruction of this world by criticism is inevit-
conscience, by means of the creative fiat of Om- able, but obviously its annihilation cannot destroy
nipotence. If such a view be correct, little positive the forces that gave it birth. Not wholly devoid of
help toward the solution of the fundamental prob- religion, however, will be the morality of the future.
lems of ethics will be found in Professor Ladd's The most important element of the religious con-
treatise. Its main value lies in certain detailed de- sciousness is its outlook upon infinity. But the moral
scriptions which demonstrate the breadth and com- ideal presents before the race an endless task, the
plexity of the moral experience and call attention to reduction of all individual wills to one great har.
facts that have not infrequently been overlooked. monious system. As this implication of right doing
The author's position on the relation of religious becomes increasingly clearer the religious attitude,
belief to morality is not easy to characterize in a thus defined, will become more and more habitual.
few words. That such belief may, in a high degree, Professor Schuyler's “Systems of Ethics
strengthen and steady the will to do right, is hardly introductory work dealing with the subject in its
open to serious doubt. The question which the mor. theoretical, practical, and historical aspects. The
alist is called upon to answer is, rather, whether the influence of Sidgwick and Janet seems to be most
moral life is possible without a religious foundation. pervasive. In its comprehensiveness and catholicity
From the main doctrine of Professor Ladd's book it the work repeats the note of the representative mod-
ought to follow that the appeals of duty are ad- ern treatises ; but its usefulness is marred by the
dressed to elements common to all men, whatever autbor's failure to formulate clearly the problems
may be their thoughts about the supersensible of his science and to distinguish properly between
world. This, in fact, is explicitly asserted to be the the various answers that have been given to them.
-case. But the admissions made on one page of the The account of the ethical theories and the moral
book are almost immediately qualified on another, ideas of the Hebrews recently written by Professor
antil the writer's real opinion becomes finally an Lazarus, of Berlin, has now been made in part ac-
enigma. This outer obscurity would seem to be the cessible to English and American readers through
sign of an inner conflict whose contending forces are the excellent translation of Miss Henrietta Szold.
· no mere creatures of logic, but rather the represen- Professor Lazarus' work is unequal in value. The
tatives of powerful ideals, partially, but only par- attempt to prove that the Hebrew writers had for-
tially, conscious of their incompatibility.
mulated the fundamental principles of the Kantian
After an interval of several years, the English ethics must be pronounced unsuccessful. It is true
translation of Part III. of Professor Wundt's that passages in the Old Testament can be cited
“ Ethics" has followed the translations of Parts I. which logically imply one or two — but not more
and II. These latter were reviewed in THE DIAL, of these principles. But from this fact, as is shown
Vol. 25, pp. 300-301 (Nov. 1, 1898). Of most in. by the history of Christian ethics, we can make no
terest in the new volume is the author's definition immediate inference to the theories actually held by
is an


284
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a
those who acknowledged its authority; and other to be content with parody pure and simple. We
data are not supplied us. Indeed, the conclusion make room for one quotation.
is almost irresistible, even on Professor Lazarus’ " “Dan'l Borem poured half of his second cup of tea ab-
own showing, that the writers who gave to the world stractedly into his lap. Guess you've got suthin' on yer
the Old Testament and the Talmud were innocent
mind, Dan'l,' said his sister. 'Mor 'n likely l've got suthin'
on my pants,' retorted Dan'l with that exquisitely dry, though
of any ethical theory whatever. On the other band,
somewhat protracted humor which at once thrilled and bored
the descriptions given of the moral ideals of the his acquaintances."
Hebrews is admirable. The most impressive fea- Enjoyable as these “Condensed Novels" are made
ture presented to the reader is the attitude taken by their combination of story-telling with rollicking
toward the foreigner living in the land. The spirit burlesque, it must be admitted that as a parodist
in wbich he was treated, so far as law and custom strictly speaking, Mr. Owen Seaman exhibits a finer
can regulate such matters, is faithfully exhibited in
art. His volume of “ Borrowed Plumes” (Holt)
the words of the Levitical code: “The stranger that is not only fun, it is also delicate literary criticism.
sojourneth with you shall be unto you as a home-
More than a score of the popular writers of the day
born among you, and thou shalt love him as thyself.”
are used as targets for the deadly arrows of his wit,
Professor Lazarus is entirely justified in asserting and his aim is always true. Mr. Maurice Hewlett's
that in this respect Judaism “occupies the most pseudo-archaism, for example, is thus deftly imi-
honorable place in ancient times.”
tated :
Professor Ritchie's “Studies in Political and
“But for relief of the pent roads there was devised a hollow
Social Ethics” deals with a number of problems mine-way, such as coneys affect; and engines, fitted thereto,
that concern, in the main, the application of ethical
to draw men through the midriff of earth, betwixt its crust
theories to the conduct of social life. In a series
and fiery omphalode. And it was named Le Tube à Deux
Deniers; for, fared they never so far, serf or margrave, dif-
of eight essays are discussed, among other topics,
ference of price or person was there none.'
the principles of state interference with individual
Here is Mr. Chamberlain done in Meredithian
liberty, the truth of the dogma of the equality of
verse:
human rights, the casuistry of war, the help to be
“ Behold him stand,
gained from biology in the solution of social prob-
Brummagem-factured, monocled, aloof,
lems, and the possibility of a moral life without
Unspoiled of admiration, envy-proof,
Intolerably self-complete:
religious belief. It will be seen that the subjects
Janus of War to ope and shut at will;
are much the same as those treated with pretentious
An orb of circumvolvent satellites,
ignorance in certain recent well-known books. It is
Portentous past belief."
to be hoped that the popularity they have succeeded This quatrain is evoked from Poet Watson by the
in achieving will fall to the share of this modest vol. news that some misguided yokel has attributed
For Professor Ritchie knows whereof he “Abdul the D-d” to Parson Watson:
speaks, and has things to say of which no student “Great Muse! and can it be this godless isle
of social problems can afford to be ignorant. Prob.
Breeds any so impervious of pelt
ably no elementary treatment of the subjects dis-
That they confound my chaste and Greekish style
With kailyard cackle of the so-called Kelt?"
cussed, comprehended within the covers of asingle
And this is the cruel fashion in which the common-
book, could he recommended with equal confidence
to the general reader.
place philosophy of Lord Avebury is mimicked:
“Water is recognized as a necessity to ships. What should
FRANK CHAPMAN SHARP.
we do if anything went wrong with the ocean? Suppose the
deep did rot!' (Coleridge)."
“Much has been written about the 'uses of adversity.'
Let us hope it is true."
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
A pious duty has been performed in
Clever literary
Among the many books of Bret landscape behalf of the memory of a life closed
parodies
architect.
Harte not one is more strictly a
in its prime, by the compilation and
and burlesques.
source of perennial delight than the publication of the volume entitled “Charles Eliot,
“Condensed Novels” that he wrote, following an Landscape Architect” (Houghton), the title-page
example set by Thackeray, early in his career. going on to describe the subject of the memoir as
During the last years of his life, he set to working “A lover of nature and of his kind, who trained
the vein once more, and we now have a posthumous himself for a new profession, practised it happily,
second series of these happy burlesques (Houghton), and through it wrought much good.” Charles Eliot
in which some of the literary fashions of a later day was born in Cambridge, Mass., November 1, 1859,
are effectually parodied. The names of his recent the son of the distinguished administrator and eda-
victims will readily be inferred from such titles as cator, then assistant professor of mathematics and
“Rupert the Resembler,” “Golly and the Christian,” chemistry, and now and for many years the Presi-
“Dan'l Borem," and "Stories Three.” The first of dent of Harvard University. Young Eliot's school-
these titles belongs to a production which is almost ing was had in Cambridge, and he was graduated
as good as the original, for Bret Harte was some- cum laude from Harvard in the class of 1882,
thing of a story-writer himself, and was not likely | having shown during his college course, in his selec-
ume.
An American
a


1902.)
285
THE DIAL
-
.
a
tion of studies as well as in the manner in which over-erudition, and boldness of venture of a tradi-
he passed his vacations, some leaning toward the tion-bound narrowness of outlook. When the can-
profession he was to select for his life-work. But didate for the post of psychological expounder to
his determination was finally made during the sum- the public has profoundly realized the difference
mer after graduation, and he entered the Bussey between explanations that really explain and those
Institution — virtually the agricultural school of that go through a mimic performance of this pro-
Harvard the following autumn, only to leave it cess, clever enough to deceive the casual onlooker,
for the office of Mr. Frederick Law Olmstead the he has gone a long way toward rendering his ser-
next April. Here his life was varied by study vices of real value. Neither of the present authors
and work of various kinds, especially in the Arnold has made sufficient progress along this straight and
Arboretum, and by extended travel and observation narrow path. The volumes are not wholly bad (few
in America and Europe. In 1886 he opened his books are), and that of Mr. Brooks shows evidences
own office in Boston, at a time when his profession of some grasp; yet both suggest quite unmistakably
was so little understood that he debated for a time
the need of a psychological adviser to some of our
whether he should call himself a landscape gardener prominent publishers.
or a landscape architect. The professional connota-
tion of the latter phrase insured its selection, and he Southey's diary
Considering the enormous amount of
of a visit
800n secured a valuable clientage. Intimately con-
writing done by Robert Southey, it
to Waterloo.
cerned in the various steps which have been taken to
is not as astonishing as it might
give Boston so many beautiful glimpses into nature,
otherwise seem that a manuscript from his busy
he was made a member of the Olmstead firm early
pen should remain unpublished until now. But the
in 1893. Never very strong, but with excellent gen-
- Journal of a Tour to the Netherlands,” just issued
eral health, he succumbed to an attack of cerebro-
from the “limited edition” department of Messrs.
spinal meningitis, then epidemic, on March 24, 1897, Houghton, Mifflin & Co., has remarkable interest
leaving a widow and several children, and a large for a publication so long deferred. “A few weeks
circle of devoted friends. The book which tells the
after the battle of Waterloo,” Southey himself ex-
simple and faithful story of this well-spent life is
plains, “my brother Henry, who was just married,
enriched with extracts from his journals, letters,
asked me to join him in a bridal excursion which he
and public papers, and is not the least beautiful
was about to make with his wife's mother and sister.
of the many testimonials, all making for loveliness ... They proposed to go by the way of Ostend to
in life, which his profession has secured for his
Brussels, visit the field of battle, ... and take
memory
Antwerp on their return. Tempted by this pro-
posal ... and being moreover in some degree
It would almost seem as though two bound to celebrate the greatest victory in British
Immature
out of every three books on psycho- history, I persuaded myself that if any person had
psychology.
logical topics contributed more to
a valid cause or pretext for visiting the field of
the confusion than to the illumination of the prob- | Waterloo, it was the Poet Laureate.” It cannot
lems of mind. The one type of effort, represented be said that much came out of the journey in the
in the present instance by Mr. H. Jamyn Brooks's way of poetry, but this simple and straightforward
“ The Elements of Mind, being an Examination volume of prose is a worthy memorial of an occa-
into the Nature of the First Division of the Ele- sion worth remembering. The manuscript remained
mentary Substances of Life” (Longmans), suggests in the hands of the Southey family, after the poet's
an author of moderate ability, over-impressed with death, until 1864, when it was bought by a well-
the sense of his own originality, not conversant known antiquarian, and it is only now that it has
witb or appreciative of the real status of the prob- come into a publisher's hands. The resulting
lems which he boldly attacks, yet capable of holding book is beautifully printed in the general style of
and setting forth with some acumen an elaborate Southey's time, forming in many ways a companion
and painfully wrought argument. The other type, volume to the reprint of Thackeray's “ Mr. Brown's
represented by Mr. Albert B. Olston in “Mind
Letters to a Young Man about Town,” issued last
Power and Privileges” (Crowell), is the result of
year. The paper is of the old fashion, and the
failure to appreciate in any clear-cut fashion the binding of marbled paper boards with cloth back
real gist or spirit of scientific investigation, and a
paper
label. The edition is limited to five
consequent obfuscation of a popular topic - the hundred and nineteen numbered copies.
relation of the conscious to the sub-conscious activi-
ties, and the possible utilization of the latter in the
A misjudged
To correct the errors and misstate-
treatment of disease. The latter form of human
ments of many historical writers,
document is now 80 widespread among us as to
the Revolution.
and to set down correctly and pre-
make relevant the query, whether and why this is serve unstained the truth of history, is the aim of
a truly American form of intellectual failing. Both a monograph entitled “ Colonel John Gunby of the
volumes reflect the danger of word-intoxication-a Maryland Line” (Robert Clarke Company) written
sort of transformed and modernized type of schol- by Mr. A. A. Ganby of Louisiana, presumably a
asticism in which superficiality takes the place of descendant of the subject of his sketch. Colonel
and
soldier of


286
(Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
Gunby was an eminent officer in the war of the the new violinist, and I have often heard Joachim;
Revolution, whose services in the cause of Amer. but many years ago there used to be an amateur, a
ican liberty were unstinted, and whose worth as a Dr. Phipson, who lived at Putney, who was better
patriot and a soldier has always been conceded. than either of them!” The italics are in the book.
But the accidents of the critical battle of Hobkirk's But, cavilling aside, the chapters on Rameau, Auber,
Hill, as set forth in the recitals and reports of Wieniawski, Artot, and others, though not developed
General Nathaniel Greene, have given rise to the enough to be very valuable, are interesting, and give
aspersion that Colonel Gunby's misconduct on that some matter that is new. And one of the stories,
field, and the failure of his Maryland soldiers to “ The 'Cello Player of Swartzfeld,” is really
sustain their previously fine reputation as fighters, delightful.
caused the loss of that battle by the Americans.
Professor Reinsch's work on “Colo-
This version of the engagement has been perpet- Phases of colonial nial Government” (Macmillan) may
uated by Bancroft, Senator Lodge, and Professor
expansion.
Fiske, in their histories. Bat Mr. Gunby brings the title alone as a promise of its contents. It is a
disappoint those who depend upon
against these historians the contrary evidence gath- collection of essays on phases of colonial expansion,
ered by Moultrie, Colonel Henry Lee, Judge William
and as such, lucid and entertaining, rather than a
Johnson, and Judge Marshall, whose conclusions are
in favor of the conduct of both Colonel Gunby and
thorough and systematic treatmentof the entire mat-
ter involved. One section is devoted to the methods
his men, as gallant, skilful, and heroic. One unfor-
and motives of colonization; and among the latter
tunate phase of this controversy is that all the
far too much credit is given to religious missionary
critics of Gunby are Northern writers, and all of
zeal. This impression would be still stronger if the
bis champions are of the South. But the writer
colonizations of ancient times were included in the
of this book certainly builds up a strong case in
survey. But even in modern times, more credit is
favor of both Gunby and bis soldiers, and he does
due to commercial interest, governmental neces-
this without bitterness or even harshness toward
General Greene, the author of the aspersions on
sities, and the pressure for subsistence. Another
section deals with certain forms of colonial govern-
Gunby. The monograph ably illustrates a most
ment, containing a particularly interesting chapter
interesting and crucial hour in the history of the
on “Spheres of Influence,” wbich shows the author's
Revolutionary War. The high character of the
full understanding of modern world-politics, - &
author's patriotism is evidenced by his exaltation
of the stage of action on which Gunby appeared chapter well worth reading by anyone interested in
the Eastern question. Part Three, though only a
as “ the loftiest in the annals of the world." He
partial outline of present colonial administrative
seeks to illustrate “the true significance of the War
of Independence," and he correctly characterizes it
organizations, throws light on some of the troublous
as a battle “for the recognition of the rights of man
questions that now confront the United States.
Those who undertake to change over-night the tra-
to self-government"; for such, in its last analysis,
was the Revolutionary struggle.
ditions and customs and institutions of alien peoples
might profitably read bere the long list of failures
Confessions,
The good old word “confession” is in the attempt to “make over oriental races.
certainly open to the charge of long Merely by relating the lessons learned by the French
of seriousness in some of its recent and English in the far East at such a cost of blood
manifestations. As used in Mr. Phipson's “Con- and treasure, Professor Reinsch has justified the
fessions of a Violinist” (Lippincott), for example, publication of his book. There are typographical
the word has very little of the esoteric cast. The errors not a few; and fault may be found with the
anecdotes of travel, family history, and concerts, space given to bibliography — 40 pages in 386 —
which it is made to cover, - one of them relating in a popular work. In the list of great colonial
the discovery of a trap-door on a concert platform governors, page 249, the name of Sir George Grey
just in time to save the writer from precipitation, is missing. The constitution of the Judicial Com-
are thoroughly light-hearted; while the comments
mittee of the Privy Council is criticized, pp. 350-
on great violinists and the bits of imaginative story- 51, because it does not contain a member learned
telling which make up the rest of the little volume in Hindu law; whereas in fact at least one of the
are neither personal nor penitential. The book members of this committee has always been a man
might well have been called “Apropos of the Vio-
of considerable legal and judicial experience in
lin," since references to that instrument form the
India.
only thread of connection between these diverse
A study of the
In his volume entitled “The English
subjects. Perhaps, however, the verdict should be English
Chronicle Play" (Macmillan), Pro-
“ Confessions in the second degree,” since some
Chronicle Play.
fessor Felix E. Schelling, of the Uni-
grounds for repentance are discoverable in the spirit versity of Pennsylvania, presents a study of the
of the book, which is sub-conscious, rather than in popular historical literature of the time of Eliza-
the matter, which is prepenge. An exquisite exam- beth. The dramatic being the most potent form of
ple of this spirit is the author's reference to himself, literary expression in that favored age, the Chron-
quoted from a friend : “I have just heard Kubelik, icle Play was the crown of a deeply-rooted interest
musical
and otherwise.
9


1902.]
287
THE DIAL
Parkman in a
in historic tradition. Its extreme popularity during edited by Mr. Charles Knowles Bolton, and are now
the sixteenth century is shown by Professor Schell. published in an attractive little book of eighty-eight
ing's list of over three hundred separate dramas on pages, under the caption, “ Letters of Hugh Earl
English historical subjects. They began with the Percy from Boston and New York, 1774-1776"
tide of patriotism which united all England to re- (Boston: Charles E. Goodspeed). Together, they
pel the threatened invasion by Spain; they flour- make a valuable addition to Revolutionary War
ished famously under Elizabeth, and lost their na- literature. The several letters which tell of the re-
tional character under the un-English monarch treat from Lexington and of the battle of Bunker
James I. With little of the learning of the schools Hill are the most interesting, perhaps, although
upon it, and less of the exotic culture of Italy, the nearly every one contains some item of interest or
Chronicle Play was but slightly related to other value.
varieties of the drama, while it was very closely The best of
No phase of American history has
affiliated to the wealth of historical literature, in
ever received more fascinating treat-
single volume.
verse and prose, that was springing up about it.
ment than that to which Francis
Its importance is realized when we note that over Parkman devoted the best energies of his life. For
a third of Shakespeare's plays are in this form, and reading at once instructive and delightful, it would
that nowhere else is he seen to be so fully and so be difficult to find anything better than the series of
logically the product of his age. In Shakespeare's masterly volumes which describe the epic effort of
trilogy of Henry IV. and V., the main stock of the France to gain and maintain a foothold in the
Chronicle Play reached its height; later, it passed New World. They have nearly every sort of his-
beyond local and national limitations and strayed torical interest, from the romantic to the philo-
into regions of folk-lore and pseudo-history, becom- sophical, and no one who has read them regrets the
ing in “ Lear” and “Macbeth a world-drama of time spent in their company. But they number
universal appeal. Finally, the romantic drama led twelve large volumes, and life is short. To provide
the historical drama away from English topics to
the reader of scant leisure with some notion or
those of strange countries in which the fancy might foretaste of this wealth of picturesque material,
wander and the playwright feel himself untram- Dr. Pelham Edgar has arranged the essentials of
meled by the narrowing claims of consistency. the whole history in a single volume which he calls
Professor Schelling has done an important and “The Struggle for a Continent” (Little). The work
original service in eliminating from the mingled is a continuous history, in Parkman's own words
elements of the English drama as a whole the his- (except for a few connecting links marked by in-
tory of one particular type, which has been rather clusion in brackets), of the history of New France
slighted by previous writers in order to give in more from the Huguenots in Florida to the fall of Quebec
detail the Italian influences and the classical move- and the defeat of Pontiac. It gives us the best
ment of the period.
of Parkman in a series of about seventy-five short
chapters, well furnished with portraits, maps, and
A box of
When the Reverend Edward Griffin
other illustrative material. It is a most praise-
Revolutionary Porter, of Lexington, Massachusetts, worthy performance, and comes near to justifying
War letters.
was gathering materials for a history
of that town, to be read at the Centennial Celebra-
the publishers' claim that “no book on American
tion of its famous Revolutionary battle, he entered
history has ever been published containing as much
into correspondence with the Duke of Northumber-
instruction and entertainment.” Especially for the
school library is this volume indispensable, and it is
land, as a result of which he was invited to visit
within the reach of the smallest of such collections.
Alnwick Castle. “While a guest there, a certain
alcove and shelf were pointed out to him; after
History of the Setting down in due order the pro-
glancing over numerous books, he espied, in an ob- Arts and Crafts gressive steps taken in a most mod-
scure corner, what proved to be a tin box covered
ern industrial movement, Mr. Oscar
thickly with dust, and tied with a frayed blue rib- Lovell Triggs is both historian and sociologist in
bon. In answer to inquiry, the Duke's librarian the handsome book entitled “Chapters in the
told him that the box contained letters, but he never History of the Arts and Crafts Movement,” pub-
remembered to have seen it opened. It was dusted lished by the Bohemia Guild of the Industrial Art
and opened forthwith, disclosing a budget of faded League of Chicago. In the historical spirit Mr.
and yellow letters, the veritable ones that Earl Triggs follows the trend of thought which, starting
Percy had written to his father, beginning at the from Carlyle and Ruskin, reached practical and
moment of his landing in Boston, and ending at theoretical exposition in the person of William Mor-
the time of his return to England. Mr. Porter had ris, and is now working out through Mr. Ashbee
the satisfaction, with the permission of his host, of in England and the Rockwood shops in the United
spending that day and the two succeeding ones States. Here the treatment is rather obvious, and
copying these letters.” The letters thus discovered, little originality is to be looked for. But in the
and others taken from the Reports of the Royal last of the chapters Mr. Triggs does say something
Commission of Historical Manuscripts, or from the now, when he comments on “ The Development of
collections of the Boston Public Library, have been Industrial Consciousness," and the one fault to be
movement.


288
(Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
à
9)
found is the failure to take time and space to work
NOTES.
the theme out fully and logically. Briefly stated,
it is held that industrialism is passing through steps “ The Story of Fish Life," by Mr. W. P. Pycraft, is
closely analogous to those that have attended the a small book of popular ichthyology published by the
evolution of society in the political sense. Not long A. Wessels Co.
ago in a condition of industrial savagery, in which Goldoni's “Il Vero Amico," edited by Messrs. J.
every man's hand was against his neighbor and un-
Geddes, Jr., and F. M. Josselyn, is published for col-
restricted competition was the only accepted law, leges by Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co.
human society on the industrial side seems passing Torrey, is a manual of the Graham system of phonog-
Instructions in Practical Shorthand," by Mr. Bates
into a condition of feudalism, and mankind may
yet see a general working out of Thomas Jeffer raphy, published by Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co.
“ A School Grammar of Attic Greek,” by Professor
son's dictum in effect — Who controls a man's
Thomas Dwight Goodell, is a new “Twentieth Century
subsistence, controls the man.” But as feudalism led
Text-Book” just published by Messrs. D. Appleton & Co.
to constitutional monarchy and it in turn to dem-
Matthew Arnold's “ Literature and Dogma” is re-
ocracy, so a similiar advance toward individual free-
printed in a pretty edition by the New Amsterdam
dom may be looked forward to in industrial life. Book Co., as a volume of the “Commonwealth Library."
Mr. Triggs does not develop the idea that the in. “The Significance of Sociology for Ethics,” by Pro-
creased tension and speed of modern life may ac- fessor Albion W. Small, is a new preprint from the
complish in decades what used to be the work of forthcoming decennial publications of the University
centuries ; but neither does he work out his central
of Chicago
thought fully at any point, though it abundantly “ Le Roi Apépi,” one of the briefer novels of Victor
deserves a volume of its own.
Cherbuliez, is published in the “ Romans Choisis” of
Mr. W. R. Jenkins, with notes by Professor Albert
Schinz.
From Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons we have a
charming new edition, with scenic illustrations from
BRIEFER MENTION.
photographs, of “An Inland Voyage," by Robert Louis
Stevenson.
Mr.J. Potter Briscoe has made a collection of « Tudor
“A Laboratory Guide for Beginners in Zoology,"
and Stuart Love Songs," and the volume (one of the
by Messrs. Clarence Moore Weed and Ralph Wallace
prettiest of the season) is published by Messrs. E. P.
Crossman, has just been published by Messrs. D. C.
Dutton & Co. The selections begin with Wyatt and
Heath & Co.
Surrey, and run down well into the eighteenth century.
“ The Writing of the Short Story," by Mr. Lewis
Nearly fourscore poets are represented, mostly by one
Worthington Smith, is a pamphlet for the use of col-
or two examples. Herrick, with four lyrics, occupies a
place by himself
. Many of the old favorites are here, lege students of English, just published by Messrs. D.C.
Heath & Co.
and many other songs less familiar to the average
The “Critic" series of “ Authors at Home " papers,
reader.
« The Works of Francis Bacon " and « The Poetical
edited by Miss J. L. Gilder and Mr. J. B. Gilder, is
Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley " are two new volumes
reprinted by the A. Wessels Co. in an attractive volume,
with portraits.
in the series of thin paper editions imported by the
Messrs. Scribner. The precept of multum in
“The Atheneum” is authority for the statement
parvo
is
not often as well illustrated as in these dainty and com-
that there will be published during the coming year a
papionable volumes. The Bacon, in particular, is a
collection of the letters of Dr. Henrik Ibsen, compiled
with the sanction of the writer.
treasure, including as it does all of the prose that any
one but a specialist cares to read. From the same source
Readers of The Dial having in their possession let-
we have, in the “Caxton Series," a two-volume reprint
ters of Stephen A. Douglas which have a biographical
of Irving's “Sketch Book," also most attractive and value, are invited to correspond with Mr. Allen John-
profitable.
son, Iowa College, Grinnell, Iowa.
Professor Benjamin Terry has written, and Messrs.
Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. publish a new edition, in
Scott, Foresman & Co. have published, “A History of
a single large volume with illustrations, of “The Poetical
England from the Earliest Times to the Death of Queen
Works of Robert Burns." The life of the poet and the
Victoria.” It is a bulky volume of no less than eleven
notes are provided by Dr. William Wallace.
hundred pages, and the narrative is both easy and ani-
“Out-of-Doors," sent us by the Dodge Publishing
mated. The work is comparable in size with the single Co., New York, is a book of quotations in verse and
volume histories of Green and Gardiner, and is well prose for the delectation of nature lovers.” Miss
adapted for teaching purposes. We consider its gen-
Rosalie Arthur is responsible for the selection.
erous dimensions an advantage for that use, especially “ Essentials of English Composition," by Mr.
in high schools, for the average student, no matter how Horace S. Tarbell and Miss Martha Tarbell, is pub-
much he is urged, will rely chiefly upon the text that is lished by Messrs. Ginn & Co. It is designed for gram-
in his own possession. This being the case, the more mar schools and the lower grades of the high school.
material offered him the better, and there is certainly Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons are the importers of
no lack of material in Professor Terry's volume. Con- a thin-paper edition of Carlyle's “ French Revolution,"
stitutional and social developments occupy a large space three volumes in one, bound in limp leather, containing
in this work, which thus represents the best modern over eight hundred pages, although hardly more than
opinion in the teaching of the subject.
half an inch in thickness.


1902.]
289
THE DIAL
9
“ Interpretative Reading," by Miss Cora Marsland, has long been favorably known. In his very interesting
is a volume of selections for elocutionary purposes, preface, the editor discusses the underlying principles
combined with exercises in vocalization and gesture. upon which the dictionary is based, and points out the
It is published by Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co. difficulties that spring from the lack of a generally
Messrs. Newson & Co., publish a prose translation of accepted standard of German pronunciation. Inciden-
“ Beowulf” based upon Wyatt's text, and made by Mr. tally, he says a good word for the pronunciation cur-
Chauncey Brewster Tinker. The translator has per- rent in Berlin, and for the language as spoken on the
mitted himself a reasonable freedom, and his version
German stage.
reads easily and interestingly.
To the “ Windsor " edition of the novels of William
“ Popular Literature in Ancient Egypt,” by Dr. A. Harrison Ainsworth, published by the J. B. Lippincott
Wiedemann, and “ The Heroic Mythology of the Co., there bave been added two volumes of “The Miser's
North,” by Miss Winifred Faraday, are the latest issues Daughter,” two of “Crichton,” and one of “The Spend-
in Mr. David Nutt's pamphlet series of studies, already thrift.” These five new volumes complete the set of
many times noted in these columns.
twenty, and bring the entire work of this good old-
“Strange Lands Near Home,” published by Messrs. fasbioned novelist once more within the easy reach of
Ginn & Co., is a geographical reader for very young
the public.
people. It is the work of several hands, among the Three more preprints from the “Decennial Publica-
authors being Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, Mr. Joaquin tions of the University of Chicago" are at hand. They
Miller, and Mr. Frederick Schwatka.
are, respectively, “On Amorphous Sulphur," by Messrs.
“ A Book of Old English Ballads," edited by Mr. Alexander Smith and Willis B. Holmes; “ The Pro-
Hamilton W. Mabie, and illustrated by Mr. George consulate of Julius Agricola,” by Mr. George Lincoln
Wharton Edwards, appears to be a reprint without Hendrickson; and “Ă Greek Hand-Mirror : A Can-
alterations of the volume as first published six years tharus from the Factory of Brygos,” by Mr. Frank
ago. It comes from the Macmillan Co.
Bigelow Tarbell.
Messrs. Ginn & Co. publish a “ Handbook on Linear The New Amsterdam Book Co. publish a neat two-
Perspective, Shadows and Reflections,” by Mr. Otto volume edition of Alexander Mackenzie's “Voyages from
Fuchs; also in the same field, Mr. 0. E. Randall's Montreal through the Continent of North America to
“Shades and Shadows and Perspective," a text-book the Frozen and Pacific Oceans in 1789 and 1793." This
based on the principles of descriptive geometry. work, which includes “A General History of the Fur
A new edition of “ The Seven Little Sisters," by Miss Trade from Canada to the North-West,” is one of the
Jane Andrews, has just been published by Messrs. Ginn classics of early American exploration, and its reissue in
& Co. This old-time favorite of children is provided in the present convenient form is a real boon.
its new form with several colored illustrations, and a “ Little Masterpieces of Science,” edited by Mr.
memorial of the author by Mrs. Louisa Parsons Hopkins. George Iles, is a series of six small volumes just pub-
Mr. Ellwood P.Cubberley is the author of a “ “Syllabus lished by Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co. The titles of
of Lectures on the History of Education," published the several volumes are as follows: "Mind,” « Explor-
by the Macmillan Co. This is no mere pamphlet pro- ers," « The Naturalist,” “Skies and Earth,” “ Health
duction, but a stout octavo, very full in its analysis, and Healing,” and “Invention and Discovery.” Each
and provided with copious bibliographical references. volume contains eight or ton papers, often condensed
It covers a three years' course of lectures.
from larger works, and mostly written by men of high
Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co. publish a new library authority.
edition, in six volumes, of the works of Samuel Lover. The two substantial volumes of Sir Leslie Stephen's
“ Rory O'More,” “ Handy Andy," and “Treasure “ History of English Thought in the Eighteenth Cen-
Trove” occupy three volumes of the six, the remaining tury” (Putnam) reappear in a third edition of this
three containing, respectively, the poems, the dramatic great work. The author has corrected the work in some
works, and the legends and stories of Ireland. Each respects, but admits that he has not given it the thor-
volume has an etched frontispiece.
oughgoing revision that he could have wished. “I have
“Colonial Children,” and “Camps and Firesides of discovered,” he says, " that it was written with an au-
the Revolution,” are the titles of the first two volumes dacity or light heartedness which I no longer possess.
in a new series of source-readers in American history, I made blunders and I gave estimates of various books,
edited by Professor A. B. Hart and Miss Mabel Hill. corrections of which might be suggested by later read-
The volumes are illustrated, and both the spelling and ing and reflection. To make the book fully satisfactory
the language of the selections have been modernized. even to myself would require the rewriting of a consid-
The Macmillan Co. publish this series.
erable part. But, in the first place, I am not sure that
The Messrs. Scribner import the fourth edition of I should not spoil instead of improving; and, in the
Baedeker's “ Southern France,” which includes also the second place, I am now quite unequal to a task which
island of Corsica as well as Geneva and its neighbor-
would demand much time and labor."
hood. There are no other such guide-books as these, as English History Told by English Poets” (Mac-
every traveller knows, and not the least of their merits millan) is a reader for school use, compiled by Miss
is found in the frequency with which they are brought Katharine Lee Bates and Mrs. Katharine Coman. It
down to date by conscientious revisions.
is quite as important to study the history of England
We noticed a few months ago the English-German in its noblest literature as it is to delve in its dusty
section of the new edition of Grieb's Dictionary, as pub-chronicles, and we welcome this book as a reaction
lished by Mr. Henry Frowde. The German-English against the tendency which seeks to make original in-
section of the work is now at hand, a volume of twelve vestigators of our boys and girls of tender age. Here
hundred pages of three columns each. Dr. Arnold are some four hundred pages of good poetry, chrono-
Schröer is the editor of this enlarged form of a work that logically arranged, and supplied with what few notes
a
66


290
(Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
are needful. Nearly a fourth of the matter comes from
the chronicle plays of Shakespeare ; Tennyson is also
largely drawn upon. These dramatic excerpts, with a
plentiful support of lyrics and ballads, provide the
young student of history with an adjunct to bis work
that cannot fail to prove helpful and inspiring.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
(The following list, containing 200 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
November, 1902.
pp. 257.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
Madame de Pompadour. By H. Noel Williams. Illus.
in photogravure, 4to, gilt top, uncut, pp. 431. Charles
Scribner's Sons. $7.50 net.
The Emperor Charles V. By Edward Armstrong. In
2 vols., large 8vo, uncut. Macmillan Co. $7. net.
Tennyson. By Sir Alfred Lyall, K.C.B. 12mo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 200. "English Men of Letters." Macmillan
Co. 75 cts. net.
Daniel Webster. By John Bach McMaster, Illus., 8vo,
gilt top, pp. 343. Century Co. $2. net.
A Short Life of Abraham Lincoln. By John G. Nicolay.
Condensed from Nicolay and Hay's "Abraham Lincoln :
A History." With portrait, 8vo, gilt top, pp. 578. Century
Co. $2.40 net.
Daniel Boone. By Reuben Gold Thwaites. Illus., 12mo,
*Series of Historic Lives." D. Appleton & Co.
$1. net.
Seven Roman Statesmen of the Later Republic: The
Gracchi, Sulla, Crassus Cato, Pompey, Cæsar. By Charles
Oman, M.A. Illus., 12mo, pp. 348. Longmans, Green &
Co. $1.60 net.
Authors at Home: Personal and Biographical Sketches of
Well-Known American Writers. Edited by J. L. and J.
B. Gilder. New edition; with portraits, 12mo, pp. 398.
A. Wessels Co. $1. net.
HISTORY.
The Scotch-Irish; or, The Scot in North Britain, North
Ireland, and North America. By Charles A. Hanna. In
2 vols., large 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$10. net.
The Expedition of Lewis and Clark. Reprinted from
the edition of 1814. With introduction and index by
James K. Hosmer, LL.D. In 2 vols., with photogravure
portraits and facsimile maps, 8vo, gilt tops, uncut.
À, C. McClurg & Co. $5, net.
Paths of the Mound Building Indians and Great Game
Animals. By Archer Butler Hulbert. Illus., 12mo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 140. _“Historic Highways of America."
Cleveland : Arthur H. Clark Co. $2. net.
The Anglican Episcopate and the American Colonies.
By Arthur Lyon Cross, Ph.D. 8vo, pp. 368. “Harvard
Historical Studies.” Longmans, Green & Co. $2.50 net.
Universal History,– From the Earliest Times to the
Present- In the Light of Recent Discoveries, with Gen-
ealogical and Geographical Illustrations. By Robert H.
Labberton. 4to, pp. 221. Silver, Burdett & Co. $2,40.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
A History of German Literature. By John G. Robertson.
8vo, pp. 634. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3.50 net.
History of English Thought in the Eighteenth cen-
tury. By Sir Leslie Stephen, K.C.B. Third edition; in
2 vols., 8vo, gilt top, uncut. G. P.Putnam's Sons. $8. net.
Literature and Life: Studies. By W. D. Howells. Illus.,
8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 323. Harper & Brothers.
$2.25 net.
Anthology of Russian Literature, From the Earliest
Period to the Present Time. By Leo Wiener. Part I.,
From the Tenth Century to the Close of the Eighteenth
Century. With photogravure frontispiece, 8vo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 447. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3. net.
The Poetry of Robert Browning. By Stopford a.
Brooke, M.A. With portrait, 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 447.
Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. $1.50 net.
Haunts of Ancient Peace. By Alfred Austin ; illus. by
Edward H. New. 12mo, uncut, pp. 184. Macmillan Co.
$1.50 net.
Select Translations from Old English Poetry. Edited
by Albert S. Cook and Chauncey B. Tinker. 12mo,
pp. 195. Ginn & Co. $1. net.
How to Live. By Edward Everett Hale. New edition;
12mo, pp. 201, Little, Brown, & Co. $i.
The Blood of the Nation: A Study of the Decay of Races
through the Survival of the Unfit. By David Starr
Jordan. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 88. Boston: Amer-
ican Unitarian Association. 40 cts. net.
American Character, Is It Declining? World's Work.
American Moral Soundness. Julian Ralph. World's Work.
Arbitration, Compulsory. J. A. Hobson. North American.
Arizona, Ancient Peoples of Petrified Forest of. Harper.
Art, Decorative, New Era in. P.S. Reinsch. World's Work.
Beef Trust, The So-Called. George B. Fife. Century.
Bible, How It Came Down to Us. F. G. Kenyon. Harper.
Cañon, Grand, of Colorado. John Muir. Century.
Chavannes, Puvis de, Caricaturist. L. Roger-Miles. Harper.
China, America in. John Barrett. North American.
Coal Strike Settlement. Walter Wellman. Rev. of Reviews.
Coal Wars, Australasian Cures for. H. D. Lloyd. Atlantic.
Economic Cycle, End of an. F. C. Howe. Atlantic.
Ethics, The New. William DeWitt Hydo. Atlantic.
Evolution and the Present Age. John Fiske. Harper.
Eyes, Care of the. A, B. Norton. Atlantic.
Farm Colony, Successful, in Irrigation Country. Rev. of Rers.
Farm, Story of our Lady Somerset. North American.
Finance, American, Decade of. Jay Cooke. No. American.
Finance, American, New Centre of. Ivy Lee. World's Work.
Fisher-folk, New England. G. W. Carryl. Harper.
Fisheries, Our Inland, Saving of. World's Work.
Gold, Another Revolutionary Increase of. World's Work.
Handicraft, Modern Artistic. C. H. Moore. Atlantic.
Immigration, In Paths of. J. B. Connolly. Scribner.
Japan, Political Parties in. W. E. Griffis. North American.
Legislation, American, Tendencies of. S. J. Barrows. N. Am.
Jimville: A Bret Harte Town. Mary Austin, Atlantic.
Johnson, Samuel, A Possible Glimpse of. Atlantic.
Labor Unions, Human Side of. M. G. Cunniff. World's Work.
Life, Newest Conceptions of. Carl Snyder. Harper.
London, Rebuilding of. Chalmers Roberts. World's Work.
Memories, A Slender Sheaf of. “Senex.” Lippincott.
Mitchell, John. F. J. Warne. Review of Reviews.
Natural History for Masses. F. M. Chapman. World's Work.
Nature Writers, Rise of. F. W. Halsey. Review of Reviews.
Naval Efficiency, Transition in. J. R. Spears. World's Work.
New York Police Court. Edwin Biorkman. Century.
Oriental Dependencies, Self-Government in. Rev. of Reviews.
“ Pagliacci,” How I Wrote. R. Leoncavallo. No. American.
Philippines, Government in. A. W. Dunn. Rev. of Reviews.
Poe's Last Night in Richmond. J. F. Carter. Lippincott.
Rainfall, Distribution of. A. J. Herbertson. Harper.
Revolution, Prologue of the. Justin H. Smith. Century.
Roumania and the Jews. M. Gaster. North American.
Russia's Real Rulers. W. von Schierbrand. World's Work.
Salvini, Gustavo. W. A. Lewis. Century.
Sheppard, Jack, of Newgate. Charles Morris. Lippincott.
Ship, American, in 1902. W. L. Marvin. Scribner.
Siberia, Through, to Bering Strait. H. de Windt. Harper.
South Africa, Peace in. F. W. Reitz North American.
Spellbinder, The. Curtis Guild, Jr. Scribner.
Strikes, Quarter Century of. A. P. Winston. Atlantic.
Surrey Downs. Arthur Colton. Harper.
Tenement, Book in the. Elizabeth McCracken. Atlantic.
Things Human. Benjamin I. Wheeler. Atlantic.
Trust Companies, Growth of. C. A. Conant. Rev. of Revs.
Vesalius in Zante. Edith Wharton. North American.
Virchow, Recollections of. Karl Blind. North American.
Wayne, Anthony, A Sane View of. J. R. Spears. Harper,
White, Ambassador, Work of. W. von Schierbrand. No. Am.
Wright, Carroll D. H. T. Newcomb. Review of Reviews.
Zola, Emile. Review of Reviews.
Zola, Emile, W. D. Howells. North American.
66


1902.]
291
THE DIAL
The Edda: II. The Heroic Mythology of the North.
By Winifred Furaday, M A. 18mo, aucut. pp. 60. “Popu-
lar Studies in Mythology, Romance, and Folklore." Lon-
don: David Nutt. Paper.
Popular Literature in Ancient Egypt. By A. Wiede-
Mand; trang. by J. Hutchinson. 12mo, pp. 51. "The
Ancient East." London : David Nutt. Paper.
John Ruskin: The Voice of the New Age. By J. S.
Montgomery, 16mo, pp. 53. Jeppings & Pye. 35 cts. net.
Indo Wiedom. Trans. and edited by Henry Barnard.
12mo, pp. 22. New York: Peter Eckler. Paper, 15 cts.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
Complete Works of Samuel Lover, New Library Edi-
tion. Wirh biographical and critical Introduction by
James Joffrey Roche. In 6 vols., illus in photogravure,
12mo, gilt tops, unent. Little, Brown, & Co. $9.
Poetich) Works of Robert Burns. With Life and Notes
by William Wallace, LL.D. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 553. E P. Dutton & Co. $1 50.
Novels of William Harrison Ainsworth, “Windsor"
edition, Concluding volunues : The Spendıbrift, Crichton
(2 vols ), The Miser's Daughter (2 vols.). Each illus in
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Per vol., $1. net.
Temple Bible. New volumes: Proverbs. Ecclesiaster, and
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W. E. Addis. M.A. Each with photogravure frontispiece,
24mo, gilt top. J. B. Lippincott Co. Per vol., leather,
60 ets. net.
BOOKS OF VERSE.
Ralegh in Guiana, Rosemoud, and A Christmas Masque.
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Charles Scribner's Song. $1 50 net
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Moses: A Drama By Charles Hovey Brown. 12mo, un-
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Atala: An American Idyl; and Other Poems. By Anna
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Dutton & Co. $1. net.
English Lyrics of a Finnish Harp. By Herman Montagne
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Love Songs and Other Poems. By Owen Innsly. 18mo,
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A Treasury of Humorous Poetry. Edited by Frederic
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When the Birds Go North Again. By Ella Higginson.
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The sir Voyager. By William E Ingersoll. 24mo, uncut,
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Eugene Field's Favorite Poems. Compiled by Ralph
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The New Hamlet. By Wm. Hawley Smith and the Smith
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Donovan Pasha, and Some People of Egypt. By Gilbert
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The Intrusions of Peggy. By Anthony Hope. Illus., 12mo,
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Confessions of a Wife. By Mary Adams. Illus., 12mo,
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In Kings' Byways. By Stanley J. Weyman. With front-
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Houghton, M fiilin & Co. $1.50.
The Conquest of Rome. By Matilde Serao. 12mo, uncut,
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Our Lady of the Beeches. By the Baroness von Hutten.
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The Splendid Idle Forties: Stories of Old California.
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Bondman Free: The Remarkable Adventures of a Gentle
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New York: Federal Book Co. 50 cts.


292
(Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
The New Christians. By Percy White. 12mo, pp. 468.
New York: Federal Book Co. 50 cts.
A Lady's Honor: A Chronicle of Events in the Time of
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Sutherland's Christmas: A Chapter from Two Lives.
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TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
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Ireland, Industrial and Agricultural. Prepared by the
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The Land of the Latins. By Ashton Rollins Willard.
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wealth Library.” Now Amsterdam Book Co. $2.
.
THEOLOGY AND RELIGION.
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Samuel and bis Age: A Study in the Constitutional Hig-
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The Spiritual Outlook: A Survey of the Religious Life of
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Prayers, Ancient and Modern. Selected and arranged for
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The Lens: A Practical Guide to the Choice, Use, and Testing
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Thumb-Nail Series. New volumes: Tennyson's In Memo-
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on Japan paper, with the etchings in two states. Price, net $25.00. Postage extra.
CHARLES E. GOODSPEED, PUBLISHER
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NOV 17 1902
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}
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CONTENTS
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VI. The Citizen and the State.
A Really Exquisite Book for Children by THOMAS NELSON PAGE entitled
A Captured Santa Claus
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AN
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holiday book.
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, NEW YORK


302
(Nov. 16,
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Sixtieth Thousand
By RICHARD HARDING DAVIS
His Spirited Novel
CAPTAIN MACKLIN
“A novel of exceptional distinction; the scenes are fresh and
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.
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has produced.”-Pall Mall Gazette.
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JOHN GAYTHER’S GARDEN
AND THE STORIES TOLD THEREIN
$1.50


1902.)
303
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New Scribner Books Now Ready
The Book of Joyous Children
Profusely Illustrated by Will VAWTER.
JAMES
$1.20 net. Postage 8 cents.
HE sweetness, the grace, the laughter, and the tenderness that
WHITCOMB THE
are characteristic of Mr. Riley's best verse are found to the full
in this book of charming poems for and about children. The types
RILEY'S
are, of course, Hoosier, but the traits of human nature in its most
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An Extremely Important Work Re-cast and in Part Re-written
The Grounds of Theistic and Christian Belief
By GEORGE P. FISHER, D.D., LL.D.,
Professor of Ecclesiastical History in Yale University. Revised Edition; in great part re-written.
THE
HE London Spectator says: “This is really a good book, full of learning and full of thought -- learning
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thought. . . . And those portions which deal with the recognized basis of faith are equally able. Indeed,
we have seldom seen the current arguments — from design, causation, order, and the rest — so well or so
pointedly stated."
A Fighting Frigate
The American Merchant
And Other Essays and Addresses
Marine:
By HENRY Cabot Lodge, author of “The Story of
Its History and Romance from 1620 to 1902
the Revolution," etc. $1.50 net, postage 12 cents.
A VOLUME of sane, illuminative writings on these
By WINTHROP L. Marvin, Associate Editor of the
subjects: A Fighting Frigate; John Marshall; Boston Journal. 8vo, $2.00 net, postage 22 cents.
Oliver Ellsworth, Daniel-Webster-His Oratory and IT has the interest of a romance, especially the
The Treaty-Making Power Sen- chapters the East India
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Wolcott ; Some Impression of Russia ; Rochambeau. can ship-builders is not easily overestimated.
Through Hidden Shensi
By FRANCIS H. NICHOLS
Profusely illustrated from photographs taken by the author. 8vo, $3.50 net, postage 18 cents.
THIS
HIS important book of travel details the story of a journey in the autumn of 1901, from Pekin to Sian.
The route lay through the heart of the “Boxers' Country” and across the oldest two provinces of China.
It is essentially a story of untraveled roads over which few white men have ever ventured.
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, NEW YORK


304
(Nov. 16,
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The Queen of Quelparte
90
The Shadow of the
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Tower or Throne
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Retrospect and Prospect
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Samuel Lover's Writings
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American Literature In Its Colonial and National Periods
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The Struggle for a Continent
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Boston Days
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LITTLE, BROWN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, BOSTON


1902.]
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THE DIAL
SOME IMPORTANT BOOKS
A History of the Five Indian Nations
- The Iroquois —
By CADWALLADER COLDEN
With facsimile maps and a photogravure portrait. Two volumes, cloth, gilt top, $1.00 net per volume.
An unabridged reprint of this valuable work on the famous Iroquois Indians. The original edition
is now so scarce it is worth $1,500.
Cadwallader Colden was considered the best informed man in the British-American Colonies on Indian
affairs. He was Surveyor-General of the Colony of New York, and by reason of his official position had
access to sources of information not usually open to writers, of which he made full use. His book is a
masterpiece in its intimate and comprehensive review of Indian life.
Mackenzie's Voyages
FROM MONTREAL THROUGH THE CONTINENT OF NORTH AMERICA
TO THE FROZEN AND PACIFIC OCEANS IN 1789 AND 1793.
INCLUDING THE RISE AND STATE OF THE FUR TRADE.
By ALEXANDER MACKENZIE
With three maps and a portrait in photogravure reproduced from a very rare stipple engraving. Two
volumes. Post 8vo, cloth, gilt top, $1.00 net per volume. Large paper edition of 210 numbered
copies on Dutch hand-made paper, with portraits on India paper, $3.00 net per volume.
SIR ALEXANDER MACKENZIE'S journey to the unknown regions of the wild north and his explor-
ation of the great Mackenzie River from its sources to the Arctic Ocean may easily rank among the greatest
achievements on this continent. In view of the fact that the opening of the territory west of the Rocky
Mountains followed quickly after Mackenzie's Voyages, and the great Hudson Bay Company immediately
started to stud the whole northern country with small trading posts, the quiet, unimpassioned story of the
sturdy Scotchman's victory over almost incredible privations and obstacles is invaluable as a contribution to
our knowledge of early American exploration.
THE CHEAPEST AND MOST CONVENIENT EDITION OBTAINABLE.
The Expedition of Captains Lewis and Clark
AN UNABRIDGED REPRINT OF THE 1814 EDITION, TO WHICH
ALL THE MEMBERS OF THE EXPEDITION CONTRIBUTED.
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Large paper edition on Dutch hand-made paper, 210 numbered copies, steel portraits by Hollyer,
on India paper (the only steel portraits of Lewis and Clark in existence except those on the
Government notes). A few unsold copies, $5.00 net per volume.
Literature and Dogma Romance of Natural History
By MATTHEW ARNOLD, D.C.L.
By P. H. GOSSE
With photogravure portrait, cloth, gilt top,
With photogravure frontispiece, cloth, gilt top,
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$1.00 net.
New editions of these standard works printed from new plates specially made for the editions. A large
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1
Send for Prospectus and Catalogue.
NEW AMSTERDAM BOOK COMPANY
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306
· [Nov. 16,
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RECENT IMPORTANT PUBLICATIONS
ONE OF THE MOST INTERESTING AUTOBIOGRAPHIES PUBLISHED.
George Francis Train's Autobiography.
MY LIFE IN MANY STATES
AND IN FOREIGN LANDS
By GEORGE FRANCIS TRAIN.
Written in the Mills Hotel in his seventy-fourth year. Illustrated. 12mo. Cloth, $1.25 net;
postage, 12 cents additional.
This volume is certain to prove one of the most interesting autobiographies published during the
past quarter of a century. There have been few great events in the history of the country during
Citizen Train's lifetime in which he has not had some active interest or personally taken some part.
His experiences were so numerous that it has been a great difficulty to condense his narrative into con-
venient limits for a single volume.
APPLETONS' BUSINESS SERIES
FUNDS AND THEIR USES
A Treatise on Instruments, Methods, and Institutions in Modern Finance. By Dr. F. A. CLEVELAND,
of the University of Pennsylvania. Illustrated. 12mo. Cloth, $1.25 net; postage 12 cents additional.
In these days of colossal monetary expenditures, the manipulation of private financial enterprises has
become a science in itself. Dr. Cleveland has gone exhaustively into the subject, and the results of his study
are systematically set forth. The literature on the subject is decidedly meager, and Dr. Cleveland's addition
can be welcomed as an authoritative volume in this branch of economic science.
NEW FICTION
Fortieth Thousand.
DONOVAN PASHA
By SIR GILBERT PARKER. Illustrated. 12mo.
Cloth, $1.50.
“If anything were wanting to prove that Gilbert Parker
has won a place among the strongest of living English-writ-
ing novelists this latest book which the author of The Seats
of the Mighty' and 'The Right of Way' offers, would
supply the proof."--St. Louis Globe-Democrat.
A New Volume in the “ Novelettes
De Luxe Series."
“ THE TALK OF THE TOWN'
By ELIZA ARMSTRONG BENGOUGH. 16 mo.
Gilt top, $1.25.
Many will recall reading that bright, sparkling novelette,
“While Charlie Was Away," which furnished the first issue
in the series. In this latest novelette Mrs. Bengough has
portrayed with unerring accuracy the life of the well-to-do
working classes in a thriving American manufacturing town.
Their life, loves, and tragedies are faithfully drawn, and
present a picture that will appeal directly to all readers.
THE KING'S AGENT
By ARTHUR PATERSON, author of “ The Gospel
Writ in Steel.” 12mo. Cloth, $1.50.
That great general, splendid earl, and arch-plotter, John
Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, and his no less dashing and
intrepid wife, the famous and beautiful Sarah Jennings, are
the most striking figures in this brilliant romance of the
days when William and Mary sat on the throne of England.
ERB
By W. PETT RIDGE. 12mo. Cloth, $1 ; paper, 50c.
The hero is a London labor leader, and the dramatic
phases of his career will touch a sympathetic note, especially
in view of our own industrial disturbances.
D. APPLETON & COMPANY, NEW YORK AND CHICAGO


1902.)
307
THE DIAL
Rudyard Kipling
Just So Stories
9
Illustrated by the Author
“The pictures present a new phase of Kipling's genius."-- American.
“THACKERAY could not draw better." -New York Herald.
“It takes its place beside ALICE IN WONDERLAND.”- New York Tribune.
“We suspect that parents will read these stories to their children for the same reason
that fathers take their boys to the circus.”—Chicago Record-Herald. Net $1.20.
Gilbert Parker
The Lane that Had No Turning
A beautiful edition of one of Sir Gilbert Parker's latest and strongest stories. Most elaborately illustrated
by Frank E. Schoonover, with ten full pages in tint, head and tail pieces, decorated cover, lining pages
and front matter.
$1.50.
Alfred Ollivant
Danny
A new story by the author of “Bob, Son of Battle” (54th thousand). While the dog is still the central
character, the figures of the stern old Laird, last of the "stark Heriots,” his fascinating child-wife, old
Deborah Awe, and Robin are full of life and interest.
Illustrated, $1.50.
Sidney Lanier
Shakspere and His Forerunners
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1902.]
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312
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
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The late
Historical and Literary Essays.
JOHN FISKE'S
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[Nov. 16, 1902.
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FOUR GREAT WORKS OF REFERENCE
JUST READY, VOLUME II. OF THE
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65
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No. 394.
NOV. 16, 1902. Vol. XXXIII. the public, but be can think of nothing less
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CONTENTS.
purposes, every one of them, and such founda-
tions can hardly be multiplied in excess of the
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315
public need, but they are far from exhausting
THE LOST ART OF BLANK VERSE. Charles the possibilities of philanthropic endeavor. The
Leonard Moore
317 man who devises a new outlet for philanthropy
A CENTURY'S RETROSPECT. Percy F. Bicknell 319
becomes a public benefactor in a double sense,
for, while making his contribution to humanity,
VARIETIES OF RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE.
he at the same time enlarges the horizon of his
T. D. A. Cockerell
322
class and discloses new aspects of human help-
THE DEAN OF AMERICAN LETTERS. Edward fulness. Mr. Carnegie's recent activities have
E. Hale, Jr.
323 given some notion of the wide range of the
SCOTCH AND IRISH IN AMERICA. Francis good that may be wrought by a mind that has
a
Wayland Shepardson
325 some fertility of suggestion, and the brilliant
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne.
conception of the late Cecil Rhodes may almost
326
be said to have projected a new idea into the
Smith's The Fortunes of Oliver Horn. – Davis's
Captain Macklin.— Risley's The Life of a Woman. philanthropic field.
- Tarkington's The Two Vanrevels. — Stevenson's New ideas of this sort, or ideas that have
The Heritage. — Ellis's The Holland Wolves. - even the touch of novelty, are not so common
Mrs. Foote's The Desert and the Sown. ---- Miss
that we can afford to pass by the most modest
Higgins's Out of the West. - Mrs. Craigie's Love
and the Soul Hunters. — Miss Gerard's The Blood
of them. The subject of the present article is
Tax. ---Pem erton's The House under the Sea. - an idea of Mr. Edwin Gion, the well-known
Wells's The Sea Lady.
publisher of educational books, an idea which
NOTES ON NOVELS
329
is perhaps as nearly novel as we have any right
to expect, and to which its sponsor proposes to
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
334
give practical effect as far as may be done by
Secret letters about Marie Antoinette. — The evo-
lution of political theories. — The romance of a real
the application of a considerable share of both
life. The completion of a great reference work. –
his time and his fortune. The idea is that of
Some worthies of old Charlestown, Massachusetts. promoting an extensive educational propaganda
-- An anthology of Russian literature. - Literary in the interests of the world's peace, of arousing
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Greek and English. -- The history of a famous Eng-
tion of the public some sense of the enormous
lish college. — The note-book of a rambler at the folly of national armaments and of the war.
English lakes.
fare which they necessarily tend to provoke.
BRIEFER MENTION
“ Deeply impressed,” says Mr. Ginn, “ by our
338
obligations as Americans at this juncture in
NOTES
338
our history, I have felt that the most effec-
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
339 tive influence against the military spirit would
a
.


316
(Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
1
be the wide circulation among our people of to hasten the time when the International Tribunal shall
the best international books, condemning the
fulfill for a united world the office which our Supreme
Court has for a century so beneficently fulfilled for the
methods of force and inculcating the methods
United States. Is it not the duty of our country to be
of reason in the settlement of all the rivalries
the leader of the nations in this work of universal organ-
and differences between nations."
ization, disarmament and peace? Let the Americani-
zation of the world,' of which men at home and abroad
What Mr. Ginn proposes is, in brief, the
are now talking so much, find its chief and real character
organization of a society under some such name
and distinction in the spread throughout the world of
as “ The International Union,” having for its the highest ideals of good government and good educa-
purpose the promotion of the cause of peace tion, the lending of the helpful hand, and love and justice
and international disarmament. As a first step
between man and man. Let us jealously hold the repub-
toward such an organization, he has enlisted
lic up to the level of its best ideals, and let us keep our
children in the schools and our families in their homes
the services of that zealous worker in many alive to those ideals and to their duties in behalf of peace
good causes, Mr. Edwin D. Mead, under whose and order and the rights and welfare of mankind.”
editorial supervision a series of publications Here is an educational ideal for which no Amer-
will be undertaken. The literature of the peace ican need blush, a declaration of principles
movement is already considerable, but much standing in the sharpest of contrasts with those
good work may be done by making this liter. by which the Republic has been so grievously
ature more generally accessible. The initial led astray during its recent access of emotional
publication of the series is a translation of the insanity on the subject of warfare.
late Jean de Bloch's epoch-making work on Having quoted Mr. Mead in the abstract, let
“The Future of War"-not the complete work us now quote him in the concrete. Speaking
in its formidable array of volumes, but the at the Mohawk Arbitration Conference of last
single-volume summary of the whole. This May, he used the following striking illustration:
book is now offered to the public at the price “ There is no subject on which our people are more
of fifty cents a copy, which is about the cost of at sea than on this of patriotism. I saw the other day
production, and it is expected that funds will
a picture which was one of the most mournful I ever
be forthcoming for its free circulation among
saw, but one of the most natural, — mournful precisely
because so natural. It was a picture which bore the
those to whom even this moderate price may title, ' A Lesson in Patriotism,'— and the picture was
prove an obstacle. The next publication will be of an old man in his shirt-sleeves showing a boy a gun.
a volume containing the three great peace ora-
Now I say that was the most natural picture in the
tions of Charles Sumner-" The True Grand-
world and the most natural title ; but it is the precise
measure of our civilization — or of our barbarism. The
eur of Nations," "The War System of Nations,'
fact is that the general public has got no further yet in
and "The Duel between France and Germany." this whole question of patriotism than that the gun is
Among other peace classics that may soon see the natural symbol of it. All honor to the gun when it
the light in popular form are Penn's “ Plan is used in its place, - I am not the kind of man to
apologize for Lexington or Bunker Hill; but so long
for the Peace of Europe," and Kant’s “ Eternal
as the boys and girls of this country grow up with the
Peace.” We would suggest on our own account notion that the gun and the soldier are the only proper
as particularly suitable for this purpose a vol- symbols of patriotism, then we are yet, I say, in the
ume of selections from the writings of John age of barbarism."
Ruskin and a cheap English edition of Frau Mr. Mead rightly says that “ the schools must
von Suttner's famous novel, “ Die Waffen be captured for peace.” How much this means
Nieder.” This series of publications may be will be fully appreciated only by those who
counted upon to exert a widely beneficient in- know by experience the vainglorious and
fluence, and no other missionary enterprise can
mournful stuff that is still foisted upon our
be half as important as that of bringing the
school children in the name of patriotism.
light of such books into the dark places of the The thoughtful teacher looks forward with ap-
world of statecraft.
prehension if not with terror to the occasional
Mr. Mead's prospectus of the undertaking is
memorial exercise that is supposed to inculcate
introduced by the following eloquent appeal:
the lesson of patriotism in the school, for he
“ The experiences of America and England during knows that the performance will at its best be
the last five years have been such as to force home in merely perfunctory, and at its worst may be
all sober and thoughtful circles the inquiry how really subversive of all the finer ethical standards
desirable international ends may be and ought to be
that it is likely to substitute emotion for rea-
achieved. The Hague Convention and Tribunal, es-
tablished in this very time, are a beacon to the nations.
son, to do lip-service to ideas that have their
Every good citizen of every land is called upon to reën-
proper content carefully concealed, and to en-
force the sentiment which called them into being, and courage that fatal complacency which lies at the
> >
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317
THE DIAL
root of most of the evils of our national life. ideal as the mere cessation of warfare among civ-
Yes, there is work to be done in the schools, ilized peoples is certainly discouraging enough,
but not of the kind that is now being done; and at times plunges the strongest of souls into
and there is work to be done in the homes, the mood of bitter indignation that has been
but not of the kind that is wrought by news- voiced by Mr. Swinburne and Mr. Hardy.
paper editorials and the reports of political Such moods are even salutary if they are but
leaders; and, above all, there is work to be temporary, if they may be dispelled by some
done in the hearts of men without regard to ringing sursum corda of the nobler self. Per-
the delicate sensibilities that take offence at the haps, after all, it may be reserved for the
least suggestion of what, with amusing inac- twentieth century to do what the preceding
curacy, is commonly styled pessimism. And centuries have failed to do. We, at least, who
the wide circulation of what the really great live in the youth of a century that may be
thinkers of the world have said about the folly hopeful because it is young, will do well to
of warfare is one of the most effective means keep still in view the vision of the sages, and
of making that folly apparent. Perhaps the
.
to believe that, if reason ever comes to triumph
time is more nearly ripe for the advent of the in the affairs of men, the glory of its victory
gospel of peace than surface indications would will be, not to the “ too quick despairers,” but
lead us to imagine. It is true that there have to those who
“ Marched breast forward,
been needless wars in our own times, and that
Never doubted clouds would break,
the most distressingly wanton of them all has Never dreamed, though right were worsted, wrong
been waged by our own dear country, but there
would triumph,
has been no mortal struggle between two great
Held we fall to rise, are baffled to fight better,
powers since the Second Empire of the French
Sleep to wake.”
went down in shame more than thirty years ago.
And the nightmare vision of such a struggle
seems to be less of an obsession upon the Eu- THE LOST ART OF BLANK VERSE.
ropean consciousness than it was a few years
In one of Tennyson's letters, he makes an enthu-
ago. The grimly suggestive phrase attributed
siastic mention of Keats ; and then goes on to say:
to Bismarck — saigner à blanc — as indi-
.
6 But Keats's blank verse is bad.” This is enough
cating Germany's future treatment of her
to make one stare. Tennyson's own blank verse is
enemies should occasion arise, foreshadowed a admirable for the purpose to which he best puts it
possibility that the European chancelleries have the composition of idylls, of little pictures com-
grown less and less willing to face. And now plete in themselves. It winds like a brook among
we have the plain unsentimental argument of
meadows and copses, dallying with its own beauty,
M. de Bloch, happily fortified at almost every
and so delighted with the images it reflects that it
point by the experience of the English in South
is loth to leave them and hurry on. But Keats's
Africa, to the effect that the next war between
blank verse—the verse of “Hyperion”—has a large-
ness, vividness, swiftness, stride, that fit it for epic
two powers of the first class will prove a stale
uses. It has not discarded all superfluous beauty and
mate and force them both into bankruptcy become mere sinewy strength, like Shakespeare's
On the whole, it seems to us that the advocates
later verse; nor is it crusted and overloaded with
of peace and disarmament have hit upon some- ornament and pomp, like Milton's greatest lines.
thing very like the psychological moment for a It combines simplicity with sensuousness, and is, I
revivified endeavor in behalf of their most should say, the best model of English narrative
sacred cause.
poetry.
It was something like half a century ago
Blank verse is largely a thing of the past. It is
that Horace Mann wrote these words :
an instrument of speech intellectual and spiritual,
thousandth part of what has been expended in
and has shared in the decline of intellectual and spir-
itual things. The immense tangle of later lyric
war and p