431 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARY 1 1 THE DIAL A Semi-Montbly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information VOLUME XLVI. JANUARY 1 TO JUNE 16, 1909 CHICAGO THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 1909 "to d 5 가 ​ 312093 INDEX TO VOLUME XLVI. PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ACADIA, BEGINNINGS OF ACTOR, BIOGRAPHY OF A GREAT ACTRESS, FIFTY YEARS AN AFRICA, DARKEST, AND OTHER LANDS AMERICA AND THE FAR EASTERN QUESTION AMERICAN HISTORY IN AMERICAN POETRY AMERICAN LIBRARIES THROUGH AN ENGLISH MONOCLE AMERICAN OPERA, CHAPTERS OF AMERICAN POETRY, RECENT AMERICA'S FIRST REPRESENTATIVE BODY APOSTLE OF Good CITIZENSHIP, AN ASIAN ART, ÆSTHETIC VALUE OF BIRDS, THE WORLD'S FAMILY OF Book, THE WORLD'S WICKEDEST CANADA, FEUDALISM IN . CARLYLE-WELSH LOVE-LETTERS, THE CHARACTERS OF THE LAST CENTURY, CELEBRATED CHAUCER AND HIS TIMES CHILD, THE CENTURY OF THE CHINESE WOMEN AND WAYS COLONIAL HISTORY, A CENTURY OF CONCORD MEMORIES CONFEDERACY, Right ARM OF THE COPYRIGHT ADVANCE, THE . COURTS, CONGRESS, AND EXECUTIVE CREATION AND CRITICISM EASTERN EXAMPLE, A FAR . ENGLISH LITERATURE, CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF Faust, THE NEWEST FICTION, RECENT FITZGERALD, TIME, POETRY, AND FUR TRADER, EMPIRE OF THE GARDEN PATHS, THROUGH GERMANY, THE New . HALE, EDWARD EVERETT HERCULANEUM, STORY OF HOLLAND HOUSE, THE LADY OF HOME RULE AND PUBLIC EDUCATION IDEAL DEMOCRACY, QUEST OF THE INSPIRING LIFE, RECORDS OF AN IRELAND OF TO-DAY, THE LETTERS OF THE WIFE OF A GREAT POLITICAL LEADER LIBRARY PRESS OF 1908, GLEANINGS FROM LIBRARY SUGGESTION, A. LINCOLN LINCOLN'S LAST DAYS AND DEATH LITERARY FRIENDSHIPS, A MEMORIAL OF LORENZO THE MAGNIFICENT MAID OF FRANCE, THE MARVEL, IK” MEREDITH, GEORGE MIRABEAU, YOUTH OF MODERN TYPES, SOME MOLIÈRE IN ENGLISH VERSE Moon, MOUNTAINS OF THE Lawrence J. Burpee 20 Munson Aldrich Havens 12 Percy F. Bicknell 41 H. E. Coblentz 364 Payson J. Treat . 324 Isaac R. Pennypacker 135 73 George P. Upton 398 William Morton Payne . 48 Walter L. Fleming 226 385 Frederick W. Gookin 257 Leander S. Keyser 361 Lawrence C. Wroth 315 Clarence Walworth Alvord 229 Percy F. Bicknell 290 Percy F. Bicknell 134 Clark S. Northup 185 Caroline L. Hunt 325 Percy F. Bicknell 254 St. George L. Sioussat 327 Percy F. Bicknell 396 James M. Garnett 255 217 James Wilford Garner: 138 Charles Leonard Moore 129 127 Lane Cooper 227 Ellen C. Hinsdale 188 William Morton Payne . 84, 262, 368 Warren Barton Blake 177 Lawrence J. Burpee . 139 Sara Andrew Shafer 367 W. H. Carruth 224 386 G. J. Laing 112 Anna Benneson McMahani 77 247 F. B. R. Hellems 15 T. D. A. Cockerell 189 Ellen FitzGerald . 80 W. H. Johnson 114 Aksel G. S. Josephson 71 69 101 Edwin E. Sparks 297 Annie Russell Marble 223 P. A. Martin . 294 Laurence M. Larson 260 7 353 Henry E. Bourne 46 Richard Burton 327 H. C. Chatfield-Taylor 78 H. E. Coblentz 184 . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . iv. INDEX PAGE . . Percy F. Bicknell May Estelle Cook Warren Barton Blake Paul Shorey W. E. Simonds Joseph Jastrow J. W. Garner . . u . MUSE IN THE MOUNTAINS, THE NATURE AND THE MAN PEACE CONGRESS, THE PoE, EDGAR ALLAN POET OF SCIENCE, THE POET's STUDY OF A POET, A PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY RACE FRICTION, PROBLEMS OF REALISM, THE NEW ROUSSEAU IN 1909 ROUSSEAU THE VAGABOND SANTIAGO DE CUBA CAMPAIGN, THE . SCHURZ REMINISCENCES CONCLUDED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, A LIFE OF SEARCHING FOR WHAT IS CLOSE AT HAND . SHELLEY THE “ ENCHANTED Child" SPANISH ARTS AND CRAFTS, EARLY SPEECH AND CONCORD SWINBURNE TYPOGRAPHY, A MASTERPIECE OF UNLITERARY TEMPERAMENT, THE . UNITED STATES, THE, IN WORLD POLITICS . WALPOLE, SIR SPENCER, AS HISTORIAN WHITMAN, WALT, INDIVIDUALITY OF WOMAN, NOTED, REMINISCENCES OF Warren Barton Blake Charles H. A. Wager James A. Le Roy . W. H. Johnson Percy F. Bicknell Edward E. Hale, Jr. Anna Benneson McMahan George Griffin Brownell 355 362 313 103 17 141 292 19 35 388 283 186 82 322 296 399 45 175 281 401 5 43 110 404 108 . . Frederick W. Gookin . Frederic Austin Ogg Ephraim D. Adams. W. E. Simonds George R. Sparks . ANNOUNCEMENT OF SPRING (1909) Books BRIEFS ON NEw Books BRIEFER MENTION NOTES TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS Lists OF New Books . 195 22, 52, 87, 115, 142, 190, 230, 265, 299, 329, 373, 405 25, 145, 193, 233, 301, 332, 374, 408 26, 55, 90, 118, 145, 194, 234, 268, 302, 332, 375, 408 27, 91, 147, 235, 302, 376 28, 56, 91, 119, 148, 202, 236, 269, 303, 334, 376, 409 . CASUAL COMMENT Abdul Hamid, the Book Collector.. Alliance Française, Next Lecturer Before. Amateur Librarian, Joys of An.. American Culture, An English Conception of. American Culture, Hungarian Impressions of. American Newspapers, French Impressions of. Angell, President, Resignation of... Atlanta Library, Activity of the.. Author of Inscriptions, An. Authorship, A Bar to Originality in. Bain, R. Nisbet, Death of.. Berlin Royal Library's Ampler Quarters. Biographers, Cruelty of.. "Book of Verses Underneath the Bough, A" "Book-Fakes," Multiplicity of.. Book-Lovers' Books, Readable Quality of. Bookstore, Function of the. Book-Titles, Duplication of Books and Book Schemes, Fake. Books, Hunger for, in the Country. Books, Of Making Many... Books, Rare, Auction Sales of. Brain-Fag, Best Cure for. Buffalo's Book-Readers Bunyan Memorial, in Westminster Abbey, A. Bureaucracy, The Pride of.... Burton's Bequest of Books. Chaucer, An Early Portrait of. Chaucer and the “New Thought". PAGE 393 106 75 131 10 285 181 250 391 287 392 39 9 219 287 130 180 286 286 76 183 321 359 288 320 132 75 106 183 Chesterton, G. K., Personality of... Children's Story-Hour Conducted by Children. Cipher Microbe, The Classifying Instinct, The College Man in the "Bread Line", Copyright Question, Aspects of The. Correspondence Schools, Possibilities of Crawford's Place in Literature. Culture, Democratizing of.. Culture, Organization for Spreading. Davidson, John, Suicide of.. District of Columbia's Public Library Dumb Animals' Advocate, The.. Educational Endowments, Insufficient. Encyclopædia, A Nation Without an. English Critic, Acumen of an... English, Linguistic Conquests of. English Spelling, A Foreigner's Opinion of. Eucken, Professor Rudolf Europe's Ignorance of America.. Fisherman's Solace at Sea, The. FitzGerald, Edward, Secret Enthusiasms of. FitzGerald Centenary, The.... Foresight, A Curious Instance of. Free Library Freely Used, A... French Literary Criticism French Novels, Signs of Decay in Genius, Weighing and Measuring. Greek Literature and Art, Achievements of. PAGE 219 11 393 74 359 357 40 320 359 131 320 74 221 8 133 251 131 392 37 76 131 181 222 319 286 249 219 105 37 ... INDEX V. 11 PAGE 392 358 74 251 75 392 319 38 221 38 318 132 105 358 182 287 40 38 Handwriting of Culture, The.. Harper Memorial Library, The Proposed. Harvard, The New Head of. Herbert, George, as the Originator of Fletcherism. Historian of Rome, The New... Howe, Mrs. Julia Ward, at Ninety. "Hundred Worst Books," Dr. Crothers's. Index, The Excitement of Reading an. "Jew of Malta, The," at Williams College. Journalism in China, The New.. Journalism, The Stylist in.... Knowledge, Useful, A Purveyor of. Language, Problem of Origin of. Library Activity, Westward Movement of. Library Books, Cost of Circulating.. Library Books, Wear and Tear of. Library Economy, The Literature of. Library Habit in Olden Times. Library of Pure Fiction, A.. Library on Wheels, A. Library Patrons, Honor among. Library Rules, Our Liberal. Library Tax, The Librarian, A Strenuous Librarian, A Variously Gifted Librarian, Precipitate Removal of a. Librarians, State Certification of. Libraries as Bureaus of Information. Light, Letting in the... Lights to Literature, Contemporary. Lincoln, A Memorial to... Lincoln Bibliography, A Useful. Linotype, Literature of the... Literary Journalism, The Final Word in Literary Material, Thrifty Utilization of. Literature, A County's Growth in the Love of. Literature as a Profession, Carlyle's View of. Literature, Current, Disparaging Literature, Linear Measurement Applied to. Literature, Litter and Mad-House, A Sure Road to the. "Manufacturing Clause" in the Copyright Law. 9 106 250 319 320 251 320 357 11 183 11 9 76 107 250 288 288 250 318 249 287 107 180 182 Menander on a Modern Stage... Monographs, The Making of Many. Monthly Magazines, Bewildering Array of. Mystery, Perennial Charm of Names, A Little Confusion of. National Graduate School, The Proposed. “New Theater," New York's.. Newberry Library's New Librarian. News Service, An Up-to-the-Minute. Novel, The Ending of a... Osler as Speaker at a Library Dedication. Parcels Post and the Public Library. Past, Living Reality of the..... Philosophy, An Iconoclastic. Plagiarism, Inverted, A Case of. Poetry and Business Publishers, Mutual Confidence Among. Reading, Age and the Love of. Reading Habit, Hard Times and the. Reading Matter, A Rubbish-Heap of. Reading-room, Sweetness and Light in the. Shakespeare, The Furness Variorum. Shelley, Two Opinions of.. Signatures, Thumb-prints for. Signed Review, Defence of the. Spelling-reform, Progress of. Spelling, Up-to-date, “Deformed" Spofford, Mr., The Successor of, at Washington. Stage Censorship by Reputable Actors.. Statistics-Handle with Care!... Story-teller, The Born Swinburne, Meredith's Estimate of. Swinburne, The Shelleyisms of.. Typography, Needed Improvements in. University, A Husky Young.. Veteran of Letters, A Youthfully Active. Ward, Mrs. Humphry, in a New Environment. World-Language, A New.. World-Languages to Suit All Tastes. Wright, Carroll D., The Late.. Young Folks' Reading, Supervision of. PAGE 250 38 359 320 288 220 40 133 288 220 107 132 181 221 392 75 358 319 221 251 106 10 391 10 182 107 222 39 393 220 132 321 358 318 11 251 40 220 8 181 359 AUTHORS AND TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED PAGE Aflalo, F. G. Sunset Playgrounds.... 374 Alden, Raymond M. Introduction to Poetry 194 "American Commonwealth Series". 115 “American Crisis Biographies". 255 "American Fields and Forests, In". 363 Anderson, Galusha Story of a Border City during the Civil War. 23 Anonymous. The Inner Shrine. 870 Austen, Jane, Novels of, illustrated edition. 146 Avebury, Lord. Peace and Happiness... 142 Babbitt, Irving. Literature and the American Col- lege 389 Baedeker's "Greece" and "Central Italy and Rome,” new editions.. 332 Barker, Edward H. France of the French. 299 Barnett, Samuel and Henrietta. Essays toward Social Reform. 301 Barrett, Eaton Stannard. The Heroine, new edition 333 Barrows, David P. History of the Philippines, new edition 117 Bartholomew, J. G. Handy Reference Atlas of the World, new edition. 90 Bashford, H. H. The Pilgrims' March. 369 Batson, Mrs. Stephen. A Summer Garden of Pleas- ure 368 “B. C. A.” My Life as a Dissociated Personality.. 333 Beale, Harriet s. Blaine. Letters of Mrs. James G. Blaine 114 Beale, . Sophia. Recollections of a Spinster Aunt. 300 Belloc, Hilaire. On Nothing and Kindred Subjects. . 143 Bernard, Auguste. Geofros Tory. 401 Berry, W. Grinton. France Since Waterloo. 406 PAGE Besant, Sir Walter. Early London.... 267 Bindloss, Harold. Lorimer of the Northwest. 264 Binyon, Laurence. Painting in the Far East. 257 Birdseye, Clarence F. The Reorganization of our Colleges 265 Bithell, Jethro. The Minnesingers. 408 "Book Prices Current, Index to," 1897-1906. 33: Bowker, R. R. State Publications, concluding vol.. 269 Brahms, Johannes. Herzogenberg Correspondence... 232 Braithwaite, William S. The House of Falling Leaves 50 Bray, Olive. The Elder Edda.. 118 Brooks, John Graham. As Others See Us. 54 Brown, Alice. The Story of Thyrza... 372 Bulwer's The Lost Tales of Miletus, new edition... 375 Butler, Nicholas M. The American as He Is...... 25 Cable, George W. Kincaid's Battery.. 87 Caffin, Charles H. The Appreciation of the Drama. 25 Caine, Hall. My Story.. 223 Cains, Georges. Walks in Paris. 373 "Cambridge Editions of the Poets". 333 Carlyle, Alexander. Love Letters of Thomas Carlyle and Jane Welsh.... 290 Carpenter, George Rice. Walt Whitman. 404 Carr, J. Comyns. Some Eminent Victorians. 134 Carruth, William H. Each in his Own Tongue. 50 Carter, Charles F. When Railroads were New... 406 Channing, Edward. History of the United States, Vol. II.... 327 Cheney, John Vance. The Time of Roses. 49 Chesterton, Gilbert K. Orthodoxy.. 52 "Churchill, Lady Randolph, Reminiscences of" 108 vi. INDEX a T. PAGE Churchill, Winston Spencer. My African Journey.. 364 "Class-Room Libraries for Public Schools,” new edi- tion 375 Clay, Arthur. Beaulieu's Collectivism... 301 Coerne, Louis A. The Evolution of Modern Orches- tration 407 Collins, J. Churton. Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rous- seau in England... 388 "Columbia University Lectures" 193 Compayré, Gabriel. Rousseau and Education from Nature 389 Conger, Sarah Pike. Letters from China. 254 Conover, James P. Personality in Education. 54 Conrad, Joseph. The Point of Honor.. 263 Cook, Albert S. Concordance to Gray's English Poems 26 Coolidge, Archibald C. The United States as World Power.. 43 Coulton, G. G. Chaucer and his England. 185 Courtney, W. L. The Literary Man's Bible, new edition 408 "Craddock, Charles Egbert.” The Fair Mississippian 86 Crowe and Cavalcaselle's History of Painting in Italy, new editions.. .118, 333 “Culbreth, David M. R., College Reminiscences of”. 193 Cushing, Mary G. Pierre Le Tourneur. 191 Dale, Allan. The Great Wet Way. 373 Dalliba, Gerda. An Earth Poem.. 51 Dana, John Cotton. Modern American Library Economy 406 Davidson, K. J. Gardens Past and Present. 367 Davis, Mary H. Chinese Fables and Folk Stories... 193 Davis, Norah. Wallace Rhodes..... 372 Dawson, William H. The Evolution of Modern Germany 224 Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe," Library edition.. 56 Deming, Horace E. Government of American Cities 331 Denys, Nicholas. Description and Natural History of Coasts of North America.. 20 Dewey, John, and Tufts, James H. Ethics. 146 De Witt, David M. The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln 297 Dickens's “Miscellaneous Papers," "Authentic" edi- tion 26 Dickinson, G. Lowes. Justice and Liberty. 15 Dickinson, Thomas H., and Roe, Frederick W. Nine- teenth Century English Prose. 268 Dole, Charles F. What We Know about Jesus. 118 Donahoe, Daniel J. Early Christian Hymns. 234 D'Ooge, M. L. The Acropolis of Athens. 408 Douthit, Jasper, Autobiography of... 331 Drummond, William Henry. The Great Fight. 145 Dummclow, J. R. Commentary on the Bible, one- volume edition.. ...56, 193 Eaton, Walter Prichard. The American Stage of To-day 53 Eliot, Charles W. University Administration.. 88 Eliot, George, Works of. “Warwickshire" edition... 375 "English Men of Letters" series.. 141 "English Men of Science" series. 189 Evans, Lawrence B. Writings of George Washington 25 Filippi, Filippo de. Ruwenzori.... 184 Finck, Henry T. Fifty Songs by Edvard Grieg. 145 Flexner, Abraham. The American College.. 23 Fling, Fred Morrow. Mirabeau and the French Revolution, Vol. I.... 46 Folwell, William W. Minnesota. 115 Ford, J. D. M. Selections from Don Quijote. 55 Foster, John. A Shakespeare Word-Book. 146 Frank, Maude M. Constructive Exercises in Eng- lish 408 Frazer, J. A. Psyche's Task... 407 Frothingham, Arthur L. Monuments of Christian Rome 143 Fry, William H. New Hampshire as a Royal Prov- ince 145 Gaige, Roscoe C., and Harcourt, Alfred. Books and Reading 89 Galsworthy, John. Fraternity. 369 Galton, Francis. Memories of My Life. 322 Gibson, Charles. The Wounded Eros.. 50 Gilder, Richard Watson, Poems of, "Household' edition 48 Gilman, Arthur. My Cranford. 231 Gilman, Lawrence. Aspects of Modern Music. 232 PAGE Gilman, Lawrence. Edward MacDowell.. 190 Gordon, Charles W. Life of James Robertson. 407 "Gordon, Lina Duff." Home Life in Italy. 231 Gottschalk, Louis M. Plano Compositions. 26 Graham, Harry. A Group of Scottish Women. 231 Grandgent, C. H. Dante's Inferno. 301 Grant, Robert. The Chippendales. 370 Gray, Andrew. Lord Kelvin... 189 Gribble, Francis. Rousseau and the Women he Loved 388 Griffis, William E. The Story of New Netherland.. 408 Guggisberg, F. G., and Decima M. We Two in West Africa 366 Haestel, Martin H. German Literature in American Magazines 90 Hardie, Martin. John Pettie. 267 "Harper's Library of Living Thought," first vols. 333 Hays, Helen Ashe. A Little Maryland Garden... 368 Henderson, Percy E. A British Officer in the Balkans 367 Hensman, Howard, and Webb, Clarence. When and Where of Famous Men and Women. 55 Herbert, Henry K. First Poems... 50 “Heroes of the Nations". 88 Heydrick, Benjamin A. One Year Course in English and American Literature.. 332 Higginson, Francis. New England's Plantation, new edition 375 Hodges, George. The Apprenticeship of Washington 268 Holder, Charles F., and Jordan, David S. Fish Stories 373 Hollins, Dorothea. Utopian Papers. 193 Holmes, Rice. Cæsar's Commentaries On the Gallic War 118 Horsburgh, E. L. S. Lorenzo the Magnificent. 294 Hough, Emerson. 54-40 or Fight.... 264 Howard, Frank W. Banbury Cross Stories. 332 Hueffer, Oliver Madox. Book of Witches. 330 Hughes, Amelia. James Vila Blake as Poet. 48 Hugo's Miscellaneous Writings, library edition. 301 Hulsen, c. The Roman Forum, second edition. 145 Huneker, James. Egoists... 327 Hutchinson, Woods. Instinct and Health. 24 Hutton, Edward. Country Walks about Florence... 26 Hutton, Edward. Dennistoun's Memoirs of the Dukes of Urbino, new edition... 26 Ilchester, Earl of. Journal of Lady Holland. 77 Irwin, Wallace. Letters of a Japanese Schoolboy. 300 Ives, Ella Gilbert. Out-door Music... 52 Jeykll, Gertrude. Children and Gardens. 367 Johnson, R. Brimley. Poems and Essays of Edgar Allan Poe, “Oxford" edition... 333 Jordan, David S., and Kellogg, Vernon L. Scientific Aspects of Burbank's Work.. 300 Kennedy, J. P., and McIlvaine, H. R. Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia... 226 Key, Ellen. The Century of the Child, English trans. 325 King, Henry Churchill. Laws of Friendship. 329 Kingsley, Rose G. Roses and Rose-Growing. 367 Kinross, Albert. Joan of Garioch.. 263 Kipling, Rudyard. Under the Deodars, pocket edition 375 Knowlton, Frank H. Birds of the World.. 361 Krehbiel, Henry E. Chapters of Opera.. 398 Kroeger, Alice B. Guide to the Use of Reference Books, new edition.... 118 Lang, Andrew. Sir George Mackenzie. 406 Lang, Andrew. The Maid of France. 260 Lasserre, Pierre. Le Romatisme Francais. 390 Laughlin, Clara E. The Death of Lincoln. 297 Laut, Agnes C. Conquest of the Great Northwest.. 139 Lawton, Frederick. The Third Republic. 406 Lea, J. Henry. The Ancestry of Abraham Lincoln.. 233 Lee, Sidney. Life of William Shakespeare, new edition 332 Lemaitre, Jules. Jean-Jacques Rousseau. 389 Leonard, William E. The Fragments of Empedocles 194 “Library Economics" 405 "Library of Southern Literature," Vols. I-II. 330 Lillie, Frank R. Development of the Chick. 267 "Lincoln Centennial Medal". 117 Locke, William J. Septimus. 263 Lodge, Sir Oliver. Science and Immortality. 22 Lowell, Percival, Mars as the Abode of Life. 87 Lynde, Francis. The King of Arcadia... 264 INDEX vii. PAGE Lyons, Andrew W. Grammar of Lettering... 332 MacConnell, W. F. Standard Songs and Choruses.. 333 Macdonald, Frederika. Jean-Jacques Rousseau.... 388 Mach, Edmund von. The Art of Painting in the Nineteenth Century 233 Macquoid, Percy. The Plate Collector's Guide. 118 Maeterlinck, Maurice. The Blue Bird.. 296 Mallock, W. H. An Immortal Soul. 84 Manly, John Matthews. English Prose. 375 Manucci, Niccolas. Storia do Mogor, concluding vol. 145 March, John Lewis. Theory of Mind. 54 Marquand, Allan. Greek Architecture. 302 Martin, Edward Sandford. In a New Century. 54 Masefield, John. Captain Margaret... 85 Masson, John. Lucretius: Epicurean and Poet. 17 Matthews, Franklin. With the Battle Fleet... 25 Maynadier, Emily W. A Perfect Strength. 26 Meany, Edmond S. History of the State of Wash- ington 405 "Medieval Library" 118, 145 Mencken, Henry L. A Players' Ibsen, first vols.. 268 Merwin, Bannister. The Girl and the Bill. 371 Middleton, J. A. Love Songs and Lyrics.. 51 Millard, Thomas F. America and the Far Eastern Question 324 "Miller, Joaquin, Collected Poems of." Vol. I.. 408 Miller, William. The Latins in the Levant... 117 Mills, Enos A. Wild Life on the Rockies.... 363 "Miniature Reference Library" 55 Minot, Charles S. The Problem of Age, Growth and Death 143 Misawa, Tadasu. Modern Educators and their Ideals 300 Molmenti, Pompeo. Venice, concluding vols.. 22 Montague, Margaret P. In Calvert's Valley... 86 Moore, Justin H. Sayings of Buddha the Ita-vuttaka 302 More, Paul Elmer. Shelbui'ne Essays, 6th series. 268, 388 Morgan, Anna. Selected Readings. 408 Morgan, Anna. The Art of Speech and Deportment. 408 Moses, Montrose J. Henrik Ibsen... 192 Moulton, Louise Chandler, Poems and Sonnets of.. 48 Mowry, William A. Recollections of a New England Educator 117 Müller, Margareth. Carla Wenckebach. 116 Munro, William B. Documents relating to the Seig- niorial Tenure in Canada.... 229 Münsterberg, Hugo. Psychotherapy. 292 "Musician's Library”. 145 Neeser, R. W. History of the United States Navy. 329 Nevill, Ralph. French Prints of the Eighteenth Century 233 Nevill, Ralph, and Jerningham, Charles E. Picca- dily to Pall Mall. 331 Newton, Joseph Fort. David Swing. 192 Nicoll, W. Robertson. "Ian Maclaren": Life of Rev. John Watson. 88 Nirdlinger, Charles F. “Echegaray's El Gran Galeoto" 55 “Nivedita, Sister.” Cradle-Tales of Hinduism. 192 North, Laurence. Syrinx... 369 Noyes, Alfred. The Magic Casement. 372 Noyes, Alfred. William Morris... 141 Noyes, George R. Poetical Works of John Dryden, “Cambridge' edition 333 Nyst, Roy. La Caverne.. 268 Ollivant, Alfred. The Gentleman. Orcutt, William Dana. The Spell. 265 Osler, William. An Alabama Student. 115 "Oxford Editions of Standard Authors". 118 "Oxford Editions of the Poets" .55, 333 Page, Curtis Hidden. Molière's Plays in English Verse 78 Paget, Valerian. The Revelation to the Monk of Evesham Abbey 268 Palmer, George Herbert, and Alice Freeman. The Teacher 22 Palmer, W. Hazell's Annual, 1909. 118 Parker, Theodore. Writings of, "Centenary" edition, Vols. I.-III... 147 Parsons, Eugene. The Making of Colorado. 118 Partridge, Anthony. The Distributors. 85 Paul-Dubois, L. Contemporary Ireland. 80 Payson, William Farquhar. Barry Gordon. 86 Peck, Ellen M. H. Travels in the Far East. 366 Pennell, T. L. Wild Tribes of the Afghan Frontier. 366 "Petrala, Under, with Some Saunterings". 301 Petre, F. Loralne. Napoleon and the Archduke Charles 266 PAGE Philips, Alexander J. A Dickens Dictionary.. 233 Phillips, David G. The Fashionable Adventures of Joshua Craig 264 Phillips, Stephen, and Carr, J. Comyns. Faust. 188 Poole, Fanny Runnells. Mugen... 52 Porter, Charlotte, and Clarke, Helen A. First Folio Shakespeare 302 Pownall, Charles A. W. Thomas Pownall. 331 Price, Collier. England and the English. 299 Quiller-Couch, A. T. Select English Classics, first vols. 193 "Rambuteau, Comte de, Memoirs of".. 230 Reinsch, Paul S. The Young Citizen's Reader. 234 Rexford, Eben E. The Home Garden.... 368 Reynolds, Stephen. A Poor Man's House. 116 Rickert, Edith. Early English Romances in Verse.. 145 Ritchie, Lady. Blackstick Papers.. 115 Robinson, Charles N. The British Tar in Fact and Fiction 329 Robinson, Lydia G. Spinoza's Short Treatise. 408 Rockefeller, John D. Random Reminiscences of Men and Events 330 Roget's Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases, new edition 375 Rolfe, W. J. A Satchel Guide to Europe. 194 Rossetti, William Michael. Family Letters of Chris- tina Georgina Rossetti... 24 Royce, Josiah. Race Questions.. 19 Ryan, P. F. William. Queen Anne and her Court... 299 St. Maur, Kate V. The Earth's Bounty.. 374 Saleeby, C. W. Health, Strength, and Happiness. 142 Sanborn, F. B. Recollections of Seventy Years..... 396 Sargent, Herbert H. The Campaign of Santiago de Cuba 186 Schouler, James. Ideals of the Republic. 88 Scott, James Brown. Texts of the Peace Confer- ences at the Hague.. 26 Seashore, Carl E. Elementary Experiments in Psy- chology 332 Seagers, Henry R. Political Economy. 301 Seton, Ernest T. Biography of a Silver Fox.. 363 Schurz, Carl, Reminiscences of, concluding vol. 82 "Shakespeare Library" .55, 146, 375 Shelley's translation of "The Banquet of Plato," “Riverside Press" edition... 90 Shurter, Edwin Du Bois. The Rhetoric of Oratory. 145 Sichel, Edith. Later Years of Catharine de' Medici. 89 Sidis, Boris. An Experimental Study of Sleep... 333 Smith, Arthur D. H. Fighting the Turk in the Balkans 191 Smith, Charles Sprague, Poems of. 49 Smith, Richard G. Ancient Tales and Folk-Lore of Japan 144 Snaith, J. C. Araminta. 368 “Sons of the Puritans" 144 Spears, John R. Story of the New England Whalers. 55 Springer, John M. The Heart of Central Africa.... 365 Spruce, Richard. Notes of a Botanist on the Ama- zon and Andes.. 332 Spurzheim's Phrenology, revised edition.. 145 Stanton, Theodore. Manual of American Literature, "Tauchnitz" edition 334 Starr, Laura B. The Doll Book. 116 Stedman, Edmund Clarence, Poems of, "Household" edition 48 Steegmann, Mary G. Blessed Angela of Foligno... 118 Stenton, Frank M. William the Conqueror and the Rule of the Normans..... 88 Stephen, Leslie. The Playground of Europe, new edi- tion 375 Sternberg, Charles H. Life of a Fossil Hunter.... 191 Stevenson, Burton E. Poems of American History.. 135 Stone, Alfred. Studies in the American Race Prob- lem 19 Swinburne, Algernon Charles. The Age of Shake. speare 53 Symonds, Margaret. Days Spent on a Doge's Farm, new enlarged edition... 90 Tandy, Francis. Epigrams and Sayings of Lincoln. 26 Tapper, Bertha F. Grieg's Larger Piano Composi- tions 145 Tennyson's Works. "Eversley" edition, concluding vol. 55 Terry, Ellen. The Story of My Life. 41 Thompson, C. B. The Churches and the Wage Earn- erg 301 84 viii. INDEX PAGE Thompson, Francis. Shelley. 399 Thurston, E. Temple. Mirage. 264 Thurston, Katherine Cecil. The Fly on the Wheel. 86 Tompkins, Eugene. History of the Boston Theatre.. 144 Towler, W. G. Socialism in Local Government. 332 Trevelyan, Sir George. Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay, new one-volume edition.. 302 Tyler, John M. Man in the Light of Evolution. 24 Uzanne, Octave. Drawings of Watteau.. 193 Vernon, William W. Readings on the Paradiso of Dante 333 "Viking Club Translation Series," Vol. II. 118 Villari, Pasquale. Studies, Historical and Critical.. 232 Waldstein, Charles, and Shoobridge, Leonard. Her- culaneum 112 Wallace, Charles W. Children of the Chapel at Blackfriars 55 Walpole, Sir Spencer. History of Twenty-five Years, Vols. III.-IV. 110 Walsh, William S. Abraham Lincoln and the London Punch 332 Walton, George L. Practical Guide to Wild Flowers and Fruits 374 Ward, A. W., and Waller, A. R. Cambridge History of English Literature, Vols. I.-II... 227 Warner, Amos G. American Charities, new edition.. 145 Watson, H. B. Marriott. The Devil's Pulpit..... 85 PAGE Webster, Henry K. A King in Khaki.. 371 Weitenkampf, Frank. How to Appreciate Prints... 144 Welch, Catherine. The Little Dauphin... 89 Wells, Charles. Joseph and his Brethren. .55, 193 Wells, H. G. Tono-Bungay. 262 Wells, H. G. The War in the Air. 85 Whistler's "Ten O'clock Lecture". 118 White, Henry Alexander. Stonewall Jackson. 255 Whiteing, Richard. Little People... 266 Wilcox, Walter G. Camping in the Canadian Rock- ies, third edition... 374 Wilenkin, Gregory. Political and Economic Organi- zation of Modern Japan.. 333 Williams, Jesse Lynch. Mr. Cleveland. 301 Williams, Leonard. Arts and Crafts of Older Spain. 45 Williams, Theodore C. Virgil's "Æneid". 52 Wilson, Woodrow. Constitutional Government in the United States 138 Wilstach, Paul. Richard Mansfield. "Who's Who," 1909. 118 Wollaston, A. F. R. From Ruwenzori to the Congo. 365 "World's Classics". .55, 118, 193, 375 Wright, Horace W. Birds of the Boston Public Gar- den 374 Wright, John. Some Notable Altars. 233 "Wyllarde, Dolf." Rose-White Youth. Young, William. Baxter's Saints' Rest, new edition. 234 12 86 MISCELLANEOUS PAGE “Biogra shized" as a Dictionary Word. Titus M. Coan 41 “Blue Bird, The," at Moscow. Margaret Pance... 322 Carnegie Institution and Literature. 8. Weir Mitchell 108 Carpenter Memorial 'Libray The Proposed. 334 Chelsea (Mass.) Public Liw ary, The New. 234 Copyright and the Importation Privilege. George Haven Putnam 252 Copyrighted Books, Importation of. George H. Putnam 394 Crawford, Francis Marion, Death of . 269 Cuyler, Theodore L., Death of 195 Davis, Mrs. M. E. M., Death of. 55 Esperanto and the Esperantists. E. Le Clercq. 40 Hart, Schaffner & Marx Prize Essays. 147 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Centennial of. 234 “Ido” and “Pigeon English." 0. H. Mayer. 76 "Ido," Esperanto and. Eugene F. McPike.. 76 Lamont, Hammond, Death of.. 375 LeRoy, James A., Death of. 194 Library Books, Cost of Circulating. 0. R. Howard Thomson 253 Library of Congress, Figures of. 146 Lillibridge, Will, Death of... 145 Literary Copyright League, From the. Bernard C. Steiner and W. P. Cutter 321 Literature in Libraries, Encouraging. Ara D. Dick- inson 183 PAGE Literary Seedsman, Another Charles Welsh...... 108 Mathews, William, Death of... 146 Modern Language Association, Fourteenth Annual Meeting of the Central Division of the... 83 Newberry Library, Annual Report of... 302 Paine, Thomas, and Roosevelt, Theodore. Inquirer.. 360 Pennsylvania History in Poetry. Isaac R. Penny- packer 288 Poems of American History. Burton E. Stevenson. 222 Roosevelt, Theodore, and Thomas Paine. James F. Morton, Jr., Frederic M. Wood.. 393 St. Louis During the Civil War. Galusha Anderson. 133 Shakespeare's Heroines, Beauty Spots of. Morris P. Tilley 360 Stedman, Edmund Clarence, Death of. 333 Sturgis & Walton Co., Organization of. 234 Sturgis, Russell, Death of.. 146 Sunday-Opening Movement, A Set-Back to. 302 Tennyson and “The Quarterly Review." Albert H. Tolman 108 Thacher, John Boyd, Death of. 194 Trenton (N. J.) Bibliography. 302 Typographical Reforms, Some Needed. George French 395 Vermont State Library Commission, Increased Powers of 302 Virginia State Library's Fifth Annual Report. 268 Whistler's Portrait of His Mother. Lydia A. Coon ley Ward 11 JAN A 1909 p> 1 R R 54 تن THE DIAL 3.97 hantui A SEMI-MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information FRANESITE.BROWNE} CHICAGO, JAN. 1, 1909. BY Volume XLVI. No. 541. 10 cts, a copy. S FINE ARTS BUILDING $2. a year. 203 Michigan Blvd. :{ Lewis Rand is not only the best novel which Mary Johnston has written, but it is the most popular book in the United States, and vies with one other in being the first choice in England. All this in a s ason which includes novels by the leading authors on both sides of the Atlantic. This only goes to show that the critics were right in acclaiming it one of the greatest American novels ever written, and in comparing Miss John- ston's work with that of Hawthorne. “Lewis Rand” is a novel of perma- nent value, a book to own, to read, and to discuss. Illustrated in color by F. C. Yohn. $1.50. BOSTON HOUGHTON MIFFLIN CO. NEW YORK 2 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL FOR LIBRARIANS A Reference List of A. C. McClurg & Co.'s Library Books of 1908 CARR, CLARK E. My Day and Generation. Over 60 illustrations. Indexed. Large 8vo, gilt top. Net $3.00 The author has known intimately as many of the great men and women of this country as any other man now living. Moreover, as Minister to the Court of Denmark, he came to know well various members of the Danish Royal Family, and he records his impressions of them in his latest book, of which it has been said that for general interest and timeliness it can be compared only to Andrew White's Autobiography.” DAVENPORT, CYRIL, and Others Little Books on Art. Each with frontispiece in color and 40 other illustrations. Square 18mo Per volume, net $1.00 JEWELLERY MINIATURES ENAMELS BOOKPLATES These four little volumes have an especial appeal to all persons of artistic discernment. They contain in compact form a vast amount of information for the student and collector, and they offer a complete history of the several arts of which they treat. FALLOWS, THE RT. REV. SAMUEL, D.D., LLD. Health and Happiness; or, Religious Therapeutics and Right Living. 12mo. Net $1.50 This volume is the outcome of Bishop Fallows's experiments in his church in Chicago, where wonderful results in the treatment of various afflictions have been accomplished through prayer and faith, upon a basis of practice original with him, but founded on the principles laid down by Dr. Hudson. HODGSON, MRS. WILLOUGHBY How to Identify Old Chinese Porcelain. 40 illustrations and index. Small 8vo. Net $2.00 A book containing much valuable information for collectors and all others interested in porcelain, by a capable authority. LEE, VERNON (Violet Paget) Studies of the Eighteenth Century in Italy. New edition, enlarged with new preface. With 41 full-page illustrations. Small 4to net $6.00 ““ Vernon Lee” has long been regarded as one of the most authoritative writers on Italy, and her studies of the Italian great of the eighteenth century are worthily supplemented with illustrations selected by Dr. Biagi, the learned head of the Laurentian Library at Florence. The book is elegantly printed. LIFE STORIES FOR YOUNG PEOPLE A Series of Popular Biographical Romances. Translated from the German by George P. Upton. Each in one volume, illustrated, small square 18mo net $ .60 New Volumes : Marie Antoinette's Youth, by Heinrich von Lenk. Arnold of Winkelried, by Gustav Höcker. The Duke of Brittany, by Henriette Jeanrenaud. Undine, by Baron de la Motte Fouqué. Previous Volumes : MUSICAL BIOGRAPHY: HISTORICAL: LEGENDARY: Beethoven Barbarosa Frederick the Great Frithjof Saga Mozart William of Orange The Little Dauphin Gudrun Johann Sebastian Bach Maria Theresa Hermann and Thusnelda The Nibelungs Joseph Haydn The Maid of Orleans The Swiss Heroes William Tell pictures hand-colored, special binding, per volume net $1.50. PEMBERTON, MAX The Amateur Motorist. With 68 illustrations. Large Svo net $2.75 The author has written both for those who own cars and for those who would own them - helping the former by a record of personal experiences, and the latter by a re-statement of those elementary facts which are often obscured by the more scientific discussion. . The same, A. C. MCCLURG & CO. PUBLISHERS CHICAGO 1909.) 3 THE DIAL FOR LIBRARIANS A Reference List of A. C. McClurg & Co.'s Library Books of 1908 MOLMENTI, POMPEO History of Venice. Translated from the Italian by Horatio F. Brown. 6 volumes, 8vo, profusely illustrated, frontispieces in color and gold. Part I. VENICE IN THE MIDDLE AGES, two volumes. Part II. VENICE IN THE GOLDEN AGE, two volumes. Part III. THE DECADENCE OF VENICE, two volumes. Each part sold separately.. net $5.00 The set of 6 volumes . . net $15.00 This monumental work on Venice, by one of the leading historians and scholars of present-day Italy, was issued simultaneously in Italy, England, and America. The translator is himself an authority on Venice, who has held the distinguished position of British archivist in that city. The volumes are printed in the beautiful Italian type cut by Bodoni, which was so famous a century ago, and has since been revived by the University Press. RAMSAY, DEAN Reminiscences of Scottish Life and Character. With 16 illustrations in color, from original water-color drawings by H. N. Kern. Crown 8vo, full gilt net $2.75 The favorable reception which has continuously been given to these Reminiscences since their first appearance a little more than fifteen years ago, at home, in America, in India, and in all countries where Scotchmen are to be found, warrants this new edition. This work was undertaken to depict a phase of national manners which was fast passing away, and social customs and habits of thought, characteristic of the race, are illustrated by a copious application of anecdotes. An especially attractive feature of this new edition is the beautifully colored illustrations of characters and scenes which are in sympathy with the spirit of the text. SINGLETON, ESTHER Handbook to the Standard Galleries of Holland. Uniform style “Sojourning and Shopping in Paris.” Small square 16mo, 50 illustrations net $1.00 Miss Singleton has recognized fully the special charm afforded by the study of the works of Hobbema, Ruisdael, Van Goyen, Rembrandt, and the other great Dutch and Flemish artists, amid the scenes and people that inspired their work. Not only does she show her tourist the best which the many large galleries contain, blending criticism with concise biographical sketches, but she calls his attention to the living types, the interiors of buildings, pictures of still life in the villages, country-houses reminiscent of Pieter de Hooch, and the like. Altogether, she has succeeded in formulating a handbook which presents an amazing amount of information, and thus enables the student to plan his visits to the galleries with the greatest economy of time. UPTON, GEORGE P. Musical Memories. My Recollections of Famous Celebrities, 1850-1900. With many portraits. Large 8vo, gilt top net $2.75 In addition to his authoritative musical knowledge, Mr. Upton has had the advantage of a long newspaper experience. His ability to avoid technical detail on the one hand and elementary generalities on the other, the secret of He has known more or less intimately nearly every great musical artist of the past half-century, and his recollections are as kindly and entertaining as his criti- cisms are incisive and just. The Standard Concert Guide. A Handbook of the Standard Symphonies, Ora- torios, Cantatas, and Symphonic Poems, for the Concert Goer. Profusely illus- trated. 12mo $1.75 WILLIAMS, LEONARD The Arts and Crafts of Older Spain. With over 150 full-page illustrations. In 3 volumes. Small 4to, boxed . net $4.50 A companion work to “The Arts and Crafts of Old Japan.” This work, by the most prominent authority on Spanish art, is the basis of much of the most inter- esting modern development in art and decorative design, and is of immense value to every student, art library, and school of design. Following is a list of the subjects : Furniture, Leather-work, Wood- carving, Iron-work, Bronze-work, Arms, Pottery and Porcelain, Textile Fabrics, Architecture, Glass, Gold, Silver, and Ivory-work. success. . A. C. McCLURG & CO. PUBLISHERS CHICAGO 4 [Jan. 1, 1909. THE DIAL THE MACMILLAN COMPANY begs to call attention to the list of important books in preparation for early publication. A GREAT WORK JUST COMPLETED Edited by Professor LIBERTY H. BAILEY, of Cornell University. President of the Association of American Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations, Head of the special Commission recently appointed by President Roosevelt to investigate the conditions of modern country life. Cyclopedia of American Agriculture Final Volume To be complete in four imperial octavo volumes. The set, cloth, $20.00; half morocco, $32.00. ready 1. Farms, Climates, Soils, etc. III. Farm Animals. in January II. Farm Crops (individually in detail). IV. The Farm and the Community. A New Volume of a Monumental Work The Cambridge Modern History Vol. XI. The Growth of Nationalities The two remaining series of this indispensable refer- ence work are actively preparing. Cloth, imperial 8vo, price, per volume, $4.00 net (carriage extra). Ready January 12. The United States as a World Power By A. C. Coolidge Harvard University. "Intensely interesting ... practically what he has done-and has done extremely well - is to examine the relations of the United States to other nations, and forecast their probable evolution." – New York Times. Cloth, $2.00 net; by mail, $2.14. The Fascinating History of the Making of a World. Mr. Percival Lowell's Mars as the Abode of Life The theme of the book is planetary evolution in general. Professer Lowell's fascinating studies of Mars are but a part of his study of planetology, bridging the evolutionary gap between the nebular hypothesis and the Darwinian theory. Mars and its Canals By the same author. “Those who have the most vague conceptions of astronomical studies will immediately feel the charm and earnestness of this unique volume," say the critics. Both volumes are illustrated with plates (some of them in colors) reproduced from exceptional photographs. Each, $2.50 net; by mail, $2.70. Mr. A. Lawrence Lowell's unique work of The Government of England “Mr. Lowell has successfully mastered a task which no other student of political science, English or American, has attempted.” - The Independent. Cloth. $4.00 net; by mail, $4.34. As Others See Us By John Graham Brooks Author of " The Social Unrest." "A book of singular suggestiveness and admirable temper which ought to sell by tens of thou- sands." — Boston Herald. Cloth, illus., $1.75 net; by mail $1.89. Friendship Village By Zona Gale Author of " The Loves of Pelleas and Etarre." "A book to smile and sigh over happily. to tuck upon the personal bookshelf where stand those favorite friends we never mean to part with.” - Record- Herald (Chicago). Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. Ella Higginson's Alaska, the Great Country Mrs. Higginson has put the very soul of picturesque Alaska into her pages, and done it with a degree of truth, sympathy, and enthusiasm that will make her book a classic.”- Record-Herald (Chicago). Cloth, illus., $2.25 net; by mail, $2.41. By the author of "The Pleasures of Life." Peace and Happiness By the Rt. Hon. Lord Avebury, P.C. better known perhaps even yet to many readers as Sir John Lubbock. Ready February 3. A New Book by the author of " The Inward Light." One Immortality By H. Fielding Hall By the author of "The Soul a People," etc. Ready January 20. The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln and its Expiation By David Miller DeWitt the author of The Impeachment and Trial of President Johnson." Ready very shortly. By A. Barton Hepburn Artificial Waterways and Commercial Development including a history of the Erie Canal. By the author of "The Contest for Sound Money." Ready shortly. The Acropolis of Athens By Martin L. D'Ooge University of Michigan. Illustrated, price, probably $4.00 net. Eden Philpotts's new novel The Three Brothers By the author of "The Secret Woman," Children of the Mist," etc. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. PUBLISHED BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 64-66 Fifth Ave., NEW YORK THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. THE UNLITERARY TEMPERAMENT. THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, 82. a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States, and Merico; Foreign and Canadian postage 50 cents per year extra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub- scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All com munications should be addressed to THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. No. 541. JANUARY 1, 1909. Vol. XLVI. CONTENTS. PAGE THE UNLITERARY TEMPERAMENT 5 . IK MARVEL 7 8 CASUAL COMMENT Insufficient educational endowments. World- languages to suit all tastes. — Lights of literature as viewed by contemporaries. — A public library of pure fiction. — The cruelty of biographers. — The Furness Variorum Shakespeare. - Hungarian impressions of American culture. - Thumb-prints for signatures. — A children's story-hour conducted by children. - State certification of librarians. — Letting in the light. – A husky young university. COMMUNICATION . Whistler's Portrait of his Mother. Lydia Avery Coonley Ward. A GREAT ACTOR'S BIOGRAPHY. Munson Aldrich Havens 11 There is a familiar classification of men that divides them into idealists and realists, or Platonists and Aristotelians. They might also be somewhat similarly divided into those who look out on life through the window of litera- ture, and those who look out on literature through the window of life; or those who never can get the full flavor of an action or event till it is served up with a literary sauce, and those who find no relish in a piece of literature till its substance is placed before them in concrete and tangible form. As to which of the two windows above-named offers the fairer and wider and richer view, there is room for differ- ence of opinion. Through which one the objects seen are less distorted by imperfections in the panes of glass, might be considered less open to dispute. A third question, whether the lit- erary or the unliterary person will write the better books, seems at first capable of but one answer, and that in favor of the man of letters. But let us pause and reflect. Professor Kuno Francke has of late been cheering his soul with the glad vision of a dawn- ing German renaissance, a new birth of Teutonic literature and art; quod honum faustum felix fortunatumque sit, say we, with old Livy. The Germans, however, are by common consent the most inveterately bookish of all nations; and in creative literature there is more hope of an unlettered backwoodsman than of a pedantic bookman. The Germans are unsurpassed as lexicographers and encyclopædia-makers; they write the most learned and elaborate prolego- mena to still more erudite and exhaustive studies of all things that eye hath seen, or ear heard, or that have entered into the heart of man ; they publish huge Bearbeitungen (belaborings) of earlier books that are only a little less pon- derous ; they philosophize voluminously on being and not-being, on the pure reason and the practical reason, on the finite act or object as viewed under the appearance of eternity; they refine on the categories till one is lost in amaze- ment at the fearful and wonderful subtlety of the human brain ; and they translate and edit, compile and revise, annotate and elucidate, till the wonder is that the very presses do not break 12 THE QUEST OF THE IDEAL DEMOCRACY. F. B. R. Hellems . 15 THE POET OF SCIENCE. Paul Shorey 17 PROBLEMS OF RACE FRICTION. J. W. Garner 19 20 22 THE BEGINNINGS OF ACADIA. Lawrence J. Burpee BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS The teacher and the taught. — The religion of a scientific man.-Venice at the coming of Napoleon. -Life in a Border city in war-time.—The defects of our colleges. — Evolution upside down. — The domestic correspondence of Christina Rossetti.- The dangers of overcaring for the health. — From Hampton Roads to the Golden Gate. Dramatic principles for the playgoer. BRIEFER MENTION a 25 NOTES 26 TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS 27 LIST OF NEW BOOKS 28 6 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL ance. us. down from excess of toil. In the zeal of scholar- symbols. At the ordination of Charles Francis ship one German philologist will wax wroth at Barnard, of whom the lamented Francis Tiffany another and shed whole bottles of ink in the wrote so excellent a memoir, William Ellery battle over a disputed iota subscript in Euripi- Channing spoke a true word. Its application des ; or he will consecrate his life to the study is broader than the special occasion of its utter- of the dative case in Dionysius of Halicarnassus, “The poor,” said Channing, are gen- or to counting the occurrences of the cognate erally ignorant, but in some respects they are accusative in the post-classical Latin poets. In better critics than the rich, and make greater short, your Berlin or Leipzig university pro- demands on their teachers. They can only be fessor will put into book form everything imag- brought and held together by a preaching which inable except what will make a book such as fastens their attention, or pierces their con- one would ever dream of reading, from cover to sciences, or moves their hearts. They are no cover, in preference to eating or sleeping. critics of words, but they know when they are Even the giants of German literature, Goethe touched or roused, and by this test, a far truer and Schiller and Lessing, are by no means free one than you find in fastidious congregations, from bookishness in the sense that Shakespeare they judge the minister and determine whether and Chaucer and Scott and Tolstoy are free from to follow or forsake him." its taint. How much of Homer's charm is due What is it that gives so undying a charm, to the fresh free atmosphere he breathes! How so satisfying a reality, to some autobiographies, little bookish is Cervantes! How unspoiled by but the fact that they are written by unliterary study the style of Defoe, of Bret Harte, of Mrs. yet not ungifted men ? John Woolman's jour- Stowe in "Uncle Tom's Cabin," of Mark Twain nal, Wesley's account of his itinerant ministry, in all his books, of Robert Louis Stevenson in Cellini's frankly egotistic life of himself, Grant's the best of his ! On the other hand, who but modestly direct and simple Personal Memoirs" “ scholars can thoroughly enjoy Virgil or Dante - it is books like these that, in Luther's phrase, or Milton, Dryden or Pope, Keats or Browning ? have hands and feet and take powerful hold on Even Tennyson appeals less irresistibly to the How present and real does Grant seem to great public than does our simpler and homelier the reader when he explains in his preface the Longfellow. circumstances attending the writing of his book. Is there anything in the world of letters more “At this juncture," he says, " the editor of the astonishing than the wild fancy that the book- Century Magazine asked me to write a few man Bacon, learned author of the Novum articles for him. I consented for the money it Organum and the De Sapientia Veterum, gave me ; for at that moment I was living upon could by any feat of intellectual gymnastics borrowed money. The work I found congenial, I have written the plays of Shakespeare — could and I determined to continue it.” Again, in the have even remotely conceived such characters later pages of the narrative, most agreeable is as Dogberry and Verges, Falstaff and Dame it to read what occurred when Lee called upon Quickly, Katherine and Beatrice, Juliet's nurse Grant to get the terms of surrender for his and Lear's fool ? Bacon's was a wonderful army. “Our conversation grew so pleasant, mind, but he had not Shakespeare's unliterary declares the unelated conqueror, “that I almost temperament, the mind not sicklied o'er with forgot the object of our meeting. ” Dr. Charles the pale cast of thought. When it shall have Conrad Abbott somewhere says of his boyhood been proved that John Locke, for example, friend and hero, Miles Overfield, whose mind wrote the Waverley Novels (which would seem hugged the things of daily life with extraor- to be a psychological as well as a chronological dinary tenacity: “Since his primer was tossed impossibility), then we will listen to arguments aside with a shout of joy, as of a prisoner set demonstrating the Baconian authorship of free, his eyes had seldom rested on a printed , Shakespeare. page, and never quite understandingly; yet The literary temperament is much given to Miles Overfield, though unlettered, was not juggling with words, and very pretty play it unlearned.” often is; but in the end, as was said of Glad- There is one glory of the literary tempera- stone, words have a way of juggling with the ment, and another glory of the unliterary; and juggler, which is as contrary to the fitness of which is the more radiant no man will ever be things as for the tail to wag the dog. The able to say. The artful charm of Walter Pater, unliterary man deals with things: he craves of Charles Lamb, of Cicero and of Horace, is so actualities and will not be put off with their seductive that in their genial company one won- 1909.] 7 THE DIAL II no - ders that other and ruder and simpler enter- known to the world, and that will do more than all tainers should ever be desired. Why turn one's his subsequent works now credited to Donald G. back for a moment on these aristocrats and Mitchell — to keep his memory green. seek plebeian society ? Some novelist (was it To young Mitchell's frail constitution, which could Anthony Trollope?) has pictured a pampered not endure the rigors of the law, on the study of which he had entered in New York, we owe his epicure who at times was overcome with so devotion to the manifestly far more congenial pur- violent a craving for a crust of dry bread and suit of literature interspersed with farming and an onion that he would slyly procure these travel. Threatened men live long; and so it was homely edibles, shut himself up in his room, that the physically defective young writer, nursing and, locking the door even against his valet, his pulmonary weakness at first on his grandfather would in stealthy privacy regale himself on the Woodbridge's farm at Salem, Connecticut, and later unaccustomed simple fare, before he could be in Europe and on his own estate of Edgewood, lived induced once more to return to the elaborate to number his birthdays well into the eighties — diet of his ordinary life. The bread and onions being, in fact, when death overtook him the other of literature the healthy mind persists in de day, not far from eighty-seven years old. This manding after a surfeit of banqueting on more turning to excellent account of a need for fresh air and an unconfined country life was characteristic of artfully prepared viands. It is as if the intel- all Mr. Mitchell's achievement. Familiarity with lect needed this occasional reminder to check its the soil and crops and farm animals led to a literary arrogance and recall it to the level of common connection with the Albany “Cultivator” (now things. The most aspiring balloonist cannot “ The Country Gentleman ”), and a journey to sever his connection with earth: panting for Europe in search of health in 1848 resulted in “ The breath in the rarefied atmosphere of the upper re- Battle Summer," an account of turbulent scenes in gions, he is forced to open the valve and descend Paris during that season of revolution. A previous to a denser stratum. Mr. Howells's account European visit had already supplied material for of Lowell's finding, in the failing health of his “ Fresh Gleanings.”. For at least three of his books last years, a singular solace in Scott's novels, a he did not have to stir beyond Edgewood to find comfort such as no other fiction could afford, is material; and that he could gain inspiration from his wood fire, his grate of burning coal, or even from more than a little significant. Lowell's was his cigar (which his “ Aunt Tabithy 80 cordially preëminently the literary, Sir Walter's the hated), the most popular of his books has made unliterary, or, perhaps better, the unbookish, abundantly evident. His brief Venetian consulship temperament. he planned to put to literary use by collecting materials for a history of Venice; but whether the shortness of his sojourn allowed him insufficient time for the needed study and research, or whether, IK MARVEL. as is far more likely, the writing of formal his- In that glad time before literature had burdened tory proved uncongenial to him, he never carried itself with the problems of modern life and society, out his intention. Less profitable, therefore, in a and before essayists had conceived it necessary, in literary way did this appointment prove than in the order to get themselves read, to write in a style that case of one of his successors in office a few years would have made Quintilian stare and gasp, and to later, the author of “ Venetian Life” and “Italian startle their readers by roundly asserting that what- Journeys.” ever is is wrong and that what the world has so long In this passing notice of Mr. Mitchell's work as held true and beautiful is in reality false and ugly, an author, reference should be made to his one we used to take innocent delight in Ik Marvel's novel, “ Dr. Johns,” the story of a New England gentle utterances on “Dream Life,” in his “Reveries country parsonage, which appeared originally in of a Bachelor,” and in his agricultural experiences “The Atlantic Monthly,” but which probably very at Edgewood. Before ultra-cynicism and super- few of this generation have read. The “ Atlantic sophistication became so much the fashion, we stamp is warrant of literary excellence, but the story enjoyed, unabashed and unashamed, his charming did not convince the world that its author was a pen-portrait of “A Good Wife," his peaceful medi- great novelist. Neither did his much later essays tations“ over a wood fire ” and “by a city gate," in literary criticism show him to be a very original and his harmless pre-matrimonial theorizing on the or very penetrating critic of others' work. “English subject of love, “whether" (in the words of Plotinus Lands, Letters, and Kings” and “ American Lands as quoted by Burton) " it be a God, or a divell, or and Letters” are stimulating and highly readable, passion of the minde, or partly God, partly divell, but hardly more than that. The collection of partly passion.” Those days are past; but it is sketches entitled “Seven Stories with Basement comforting to note that there is still a considerable and Attic” is drawn from the author-traveller's demand (as evidenced by abundant cheap reprints)“ plethoric little note books" of European wander- for the two little books that first made “ Ik Marvel ” | ings, three of the little narratives being French in a " 66 66 2 8 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL theme, one Swiss, one Italian, and one Irish. fact that the great and wealthy State of Pennsyl- Probably it is true that, as has been alleged, our vania richer, several times over, than all New young men would not care to write in this style to- England — has in her educational history provided day; and probably it is also true that they could endowments for education that would, collectively, not if they wished to. about suffice to build two modern battle-ships. And The style and methods of Ik Marvel tend to recall it is proposed to ask the legislature to make biennial Washington Irving ; they also remind one of George grants of half a million until, with funds raised William Curtis as we see him in “ Prue and I,” from other sources, the University shall have an and they more or less vividly bring back the days of endowment commensurate with its needs. That is Paulding, Halleck, Willis, Bryant, Bayard Taylor, all very well; but we have a far better scheme to and their fellow-craftsmen in letters. A precious propose. Legislative purse-strings are inclined to link with the past has been severed, and the world tie themselves into hard knots when poor colleges of literature is left the poorer. Yet undoubtedly and universities and state libraries, and other like our loss is the less keenly felt from the fact that the beneficent institutions, come a-begging up the capitol dead author's best and most characteristic work was steps. Now a sure and speedy financial return done half a century before he died. In fact it is would accrue if all our leading universities would but sixty-one years since "Fresh Gleanings” made its suspend for a few years, or even for one year, those appearance, and fifty-eight since the “ Reveries " lesser activities that have to do with books and lec- first delighted a wide circle of readers. Mr. tures and laboratories and examination-papers, and Mitchell's place in American literature was so se- would give their undistracted attention to the larger curely fixed long before his death that he might interests of the football field and the baseball nine. almost be said to have survived his fame a not By a carefully-planned and properly advertised altogether enviable fate. series of inter-university football and baseball cham- Appropriate for quotation in any obituary notice pionship games, with reserved-seat and admission of Ik Marvel are the subjoined sentences from his charges placed at a sufficiently high figure, the great own “Dream Life.” The passage occurs in the sport-loving public could be made to endow all our introductory chapter. higher institutions of learning, and everyone would “What is Reverie, and what are these Day-dreams, but have a grand good time in the process. On the fleecy cloud-drifts that float eternally, and eternally change morning after the late Harvard-Dartmouth contest shapes, upon the great over-arching sky of thought? You on the gridiron at Cambridge, it was reported that may seize the strong outlines that the passion breezes of to- day shall throw into their figures; but to-morrow may forty thousand spectators were present. The priv- breed a whirlwind that will chase swift, gigantic shadows ilege of spectatorship cost about a dollar and a half- over the heaven of your thought, and change the whole perhaps more if one occupied a favored position. If landscape of your life. “Dream-land will never be exhausted, until we enter the sixty thousand dollars, more or less, were to flow land of dreams; and until, in 'shuffling off this mortal coil,' into the college treasury with every match game thought will become fact, and all facts will be only thought. played on its campus, what would there be to pre- “As it is, I can conceive no mood of mind more in keeping vent the speedy filling of that treasury ? Our solu- with what is to follow upon the grave, than those fancies tion of what has so long been regarded as a grave which warp our frail hulks toward the ocean of the Infinite; and that so sublimate the realities of this being, that they problem is so simple and so satisfactory that we seem to belong to that shadowy realm, where every day's wonder it has not occurred to anyone before. But journey is leading." the greatest inventions are always the simplest. It may be a fanciful thought, but it seems not unfitting that the author of “Dream Life” and “ Reveries of a Bachelor” and “Fudge Doings” WORLD-LANGUAGES TO SUIT ALL TASTES, unless should have chosen “Marvel” for a pseudonym. one's taste is unreasonably exacting, have now been provided. Choice may be made from a long list of The very name is a protest against the nil admirari spirit, the blasé cynicism, the unenthusiastic tem- tongues, ingeniously and scientifically formed, and most delightfully free from exceptions. There are, perament of the worldly wise, which were so con- spicuously and so refreshingly lacking in Donald G. for example, Volapük, Lingua, Panróman, Inter- Mitchell. He felt warmly, and was not afraid to This last pretor, Esperanto, Ido, and Tutonish. ought to appeal irresistibly to Teutons and Anglo- show his feeling; and for that we like him. Saxons, including, of course, Americans. Its in- ventor, one Elias Molee, is a Norwegian, and his aim has been to compound a sort of Anglo-Germanico- CASUAL COMMENT. Hollando-Scandinavian compromise speech-a kind of North-European linguistic hash the scoffer may INSUFFICIENT EDUCATIONAL ENDOWMENTS give unkindly call it-for North-European use especially. rise, every now and then, to startling and humiliat- He thinks his predecessors in the fascinating art of ing comparisons. For example, the trustees of the language-manufacture have been too ambitious: they University of Pennsylvania, deploring the unsub- have selected their ingredients predominantly from stantial financial foundation on which that fainous the romance languages and then tried to impose old institution of learning rests, call attention to the their latinized compound on Teutonic peoples, or > a 1909.) 9 THE DIAL > > ness. they have proceeded the other way about. Mr. Quarterly Reviewer to a young poet of only twenty- Molee is less ambitious : he gives us a tongue com- four, surely that young poet is either more or less prehensible almost without study over a broad belt than human if he is not straightway convinced that of two continents, and does not trouble himself un- this world we live in is the very best possible world. duly with the rest of the world. But the rest of the world must be reckoned with. Why has it never A PUBLIC LIBRARY OF PURE FICTION that is, occurred to anyone to develop the large possibilities of nothing but fiction, pure or impure - in its own of pigeon-English as an inter-continental, not to say special building, and with its own trained librarian an inter-hemispherical, medium of communication ? and attendants, is a development that seems to Dr. Already it serves as a sort of linguistic bond between Louis N. Wilson, librarian of Clark University, not the white and the yellow races. Let the Mongols only worth serious consideration, but in a high de- prevail on their neighbors the Slavs to start corre- gree desirable. “The tendency among librarians," spondence schools for the teaching of this simple, he is reported as saying, "as among other edu- , flexible, picturesque, and pleasing tongue; let the cational institutions to-day, is to specialize, and I English avail themselves of their present cordial would give the fiction library full recognition. understanding with France to introduce the ancient With properly trained attendants in this field it and honored Anglo-Chinese commercial language would be possible to classify fiction, and even to paste into southern Europe ; let the colonies and depen- in each volume a typewritten list of other books deal- dencies of England and America extend and widen ing with similar subjects to be found in the library. the sway of pigeon-English over all the rest of the Thus historical novels would contain a list of the habitable globe; and very soon our observation, best histories of the countries referred to, or biog- with extensive view, will see mankind, from China raphies of the characters mentioned, or histories of to Peru, discoursing together in happy harmony and battles, and so on.” And let us also suggest that enjoying all but millennial blessings. psychological novels might contain a complete bib- liography of the literature of psychology in all LIGHTS OF LITERATURE AS VIEWED BY CONTEM- languages, and sociological novels might contain a PORARIES have not always been of dazzling bright catalogue of the social-science studies of Carey and Often these stars in the literary firmament Maine and Spencer and their thousand and one pre- twinkled so feebly to the upturned telescope that it decessors and successors, and religious novels might is hard to believe them the same as those luminous have a manuscript appendix giving the names of bodies now so resplendent to the naked eye. But especially entertaining works in dogmatic theology occasionally an instance is found of a writer of and theological controversy. But do we really wish genius whose genius received early and full recog- to take our pleasure so seriously as all that, Anglo- nition. From the English literary periodical entitled Saxons though most of us are? The systematic “ The Author,” which publishes monthly a "con- study of English prose fiction as a university elective somehow has an element almost - perhaps not quite temporary criticism,” it is pleasant to quote a few lines of “The Quarterly Review's” notice of -of absurdity in it, and the solemn dedication of a “Poems by Alfred Tennyson, pp. 163, London, library building to the art of the story-writer would lack a certain element of dignity. Novel-reading 12mo, 1833.” For lavish praise couched in some- what old-time phraseology, the review is really a is by no means to be frowned down or discouraged, masterpiece. 1. This is,” · says the reviewer, but it will probably continue to flourish in the future, some of his marginal notes intimate, Mr. Tennyson’s bibliographical aids or a specially designed architec- as it has flourished in the past, without elaborate se nd appearance. By some strange chance we tural environment. have never seen his first publication, which, if it at all resembles its younger brother, must be by this THE CRUELTY OF BIOGRAPHERS in making mer- time so popular that any notice of it on our part chantable copy out of those modestly shrinking but would seem idle and presumptuous; but we gladly irresistibly fascinating men and women of mark who seize this opportunity of repairing an unintentional have professed a vehement unwillingness to be biog- neglect, and of introducing to the admiration of our raphized (the word is not in the dictionary, but it more sequestered readers a new prodigy of genius ought to be), will manifest itself as long as biography another and a brighter star of that galaxy or milky continues to be one of the most attractive and best way of poetry of which the lamented Keats was the selling forms of literary composition, as well as one harbinger. We have to offer Mr. Tennyson of the easiest for the average writer to supply in a our tribute of unmingled approbation, and it is very tolerably acceptable fashion. The more urgently a agreeable to us, as well as to our readers, that our great man begs that the memory of him may be present task will be little more than the selection, interred with his bones, the more insistently will the for their delight, of a few specimens of Mr. Tenny- greedy and curious public demand the publication of son's singular genius, and the venturing to point his life, while those who would fain see themselves out, now and then, the peculiar brilliancy of some go down to posterity in two volumes octavo (in the of the gems that irradiate his poetical crown.” 920-class of Mr. Dewey's decimal system) are nearly When sugar and honey of this sort are offered by a always destined to speedy oblivion. Sir Leslie Stephen as O . 10 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL 9 publicly expressed his disinclination to be made the homo Americanus in his native habitat. Like most subject of a biography, and his published life was foreigners who have paid us the compliment of a one of the best and most popular books of the season. "write-up" — but not exactly like Mrs. Trollope and - Mr. Whistler, in a fragment of autobiography writ- Charles Dickens he expresses himself as pleased ten twelve years ago, made a picturesque struggle with what he has seen. Standing, for example, in against his all-too-probable fate." Determined,” he Copley Square, Boston, he was stimulated and edified “ declares, “ that no mendacious scamp shall tell the by those two monuments to letters and art, the Boston foolish truths about me when centuries have gone by, Public Library and the Museum of Fine Arts. They and anxiety no longer pulls at the pen of the pupil ' are, to his thinking, unique among their kind and who would sell the soul of his master, I now proceed most forcibly expressive of the mental qualities of to take the wind out of such speculator by imme- the cultured Bostonian. After extended observation diately furnishing myself the fiction of my own biog- and comparison, the courteous count reaches the raphy, which shall remain and is the story of my conclusion that our American Athens is still pre- life.” And now, as inevitable sequel to the Pennell eminently the city of culture, while New York rep- biography of the dead artist, his sister-in-law, who is resents wealth, and Chicago commercial activity. also his sole executrix and residuary legatee, writes Furthermore -- and perhaps here he lays on the to the London “Times" a lively letter of protest, honey with a trowel « Bostonians are always which will of course defeat its own purpose by increas- easily recognizable. They have an unmistakable ing the sale of the life of the modest Mr. Whistler. stamp, entirely their own, which, when travelling abroad, distinguishes them at once as citizens of THE FURNESS VARIORUM SHAKESPEARE, begun New England. Being reserved by nature, it is per- thirty-seven years ago with the issue of “Romeo and haps not always easy to get to know them intimately; Juliet,” has advanced to the sixteenth volume, but one cannot come in contact with them without “Richard the Third "; but with this latest publica- being conscious of their innate refinement." This tion the editorship passes from Dr. Horace Howard praise is, to be sure, sectional and partial; but if, as Furness to his son, Mr. Horace Howard Furness, Jr., has been seriously maintained, Boston is not so much who, born and bred in an atmosphere of Shake- a geographical location as it is a state of mind, what spearean studies, and early catching the Shakespeare is to prevent the country at large from meriting enthusiasm that has possessed his father ever since and appropriating the Hungarian count's graceful the latter, at fourteen years of age, heard Fanny encomium? Kemble in one of her Shakespeare readings, steps THUMB-PRINTS FOR SIGNATURES are the latest naturally into the place voluntarily vacated by his things in dactylology as practised in Cheyenne, father, and undertakes to carry to completion the in far-off Wyoming. Readers will remember the great work now nearly half finished. The delights curious experiments and studies in finger-prints rather than the drudgery of such work as this will conducted by that original genius and shrewd phil- present themselves to the imagination of most osopher, “ Pudd’n Head Wilson.” In Cheyenne, readers in handling these inviting volumes; but that where foreigners of almost every known race and the task entails a vast deal of downright hard work color are thicker than blackberries, and where every admits of no question. If an editor has to collate Pole or Bohemian ór Lithuanian is as like to his the eight quarto and four folio editions of a play, fellow Pole or Bohemian or Lithuanian as is one besides all the more important later editions, and blackberry to another, and where also few of these is obliged to read perhaps two or three hundred swarming sons of toil are expert with the pen, the volumes containing commentaries on or references bank in which many of them deposit their savings to the play, then a variorum editorship becomes no has taken a hint from Mark Twain's book and sinecure. To verify a single quotation perhaps the adopted a system of thumb-print signatures that is a better part of a library has to be ransacked. In said to give satisfaction to all concerned. Instead tracing to its exact source one line quoted by Knight of written names in every conceivable kind of as illustrating a passage in “Macbeth,” Mr. Furness alphabet and degree of illegibility, the immigrant read twenty-seven of Beaumont and Fletcher's depositors leave on file, not their mark, but their plays. A work in which a single footnote of two smudge – the impression made by touching the lines may represent a month’s toil is surely a work ball of the thumb (the right thumb, presumably) to to be viewed with respect. The completion of the an inked pad and then pressing it against a sheet Furness Variorum Shakespeare will be an achieve- These impressions no two alike, and ment of which American scholarship may well be defying the most skilful forger are to be seen proud. also as signatures to checks, and so adept has the HUNGARIAN IMPRESSIONS OF AMERICAN CUL- assistant cashier become in reading them that TURE, as well as of some things in America not he can recognize a great number without referring coming under the head of culture, are readably to the record. Which all goes to prove that not presented by Monseigneur Count Vaya de Vaya and only is there many a true word spoken in jest, but Luskod, who has paid two visits to our shores and also many a useful and practical thought written in has caught more than a passing glimpse of the genus fiction. of paper. 1909.] 11 THE DIAL " . A CHILDREN'S STORY-HOUR CONDUCTED BY CHIL- LETTING IN THE LIGHT on the foul spots of DREN is the latest thing in library work for the putridity and corruption is the first step toward a little ones. At the Pratt Institute Free Library, restoration of cleanness and sweetness and health. where three hours on as many days of each week A new departure in journalism has been taken by are devoted to story-telling, “the most interesting San Francisco, that city of so wide and so unen- development of the Friday evening story hour” (as viable a notoriety at the present moment. The the Librarian writes in her current Report) “was the “Municipal Record” shrinks not from revealing to establishment of two branches of the Junior Story the public all that is being done or left undone in Tellers' League, one for the boys of the Friday the various departments of the city government. evening story hour and one for the girls. These Every meeting of an official body is reported, awards meet on alternate Fridays after the regular story, of contracts are published, the names and salaries of and the children take entire charge of the proceed- new employees are made known. Spades are called ings, presiding, deciding, and telling stories. The The spades, and graft is called graft. The “Record” only restriction is that they must let Miss Tyler know was established in response to repeated and by no in advance what stories are to be told. No boy or means unnatural demands from many quarters for girl has ever tried to “be funny,' to tell a silly story, or such an organ of municipal publicity and frankness. in any way to disturb the meetings. The club An unvarnished, undistorted account of govern- meetings have averaged twenty-five [in attendance]. mental activities was insisted upon. 66 Thus it may The stories chosen have often been those already be," runs the plain and concise announcement, told in the regular story hour, and the retelling by “ that the publicity of such information may serve a boy or girl is especially valuable to the story teller. to stimulate the city's servants to extra endeavor, and The discipline, the self-control, even the amateur elec- possibly to incite appreciation by the citizen of all tioneering, have all been good for the children. One actions by the officials that are in any way commend- boy who wanted the presidency attempted to smooth able." Some such publication in every considerable the way to this important office by largess of candy, city might well be started, and that too without but he was ignominiously defeated - a real triumph waiting for the very strong and rather peculiar of civic righteousness." The children's story-hour, incentives that have operated in San Francisco. for, by, and of the children, is certainly less open to some of Mr. Dana's recent objections than the chil- A HUSKY YOUNG UNIVERSITY (if one may use dren's hour conducted by library assistants. Western slang to describe a Western institution) is the twenty-five-year-old University of Texas, which recently celebrated its quarter-centennial by inau- STATE CERTIFICATION OF LIBRARIANS, like the gurating a new president, dedicating a new law similar certification of doctors and lawyers, of pilots building, holding a barbecue (of a Texas steer, and chauffeurs, and of numerous other more or less undoubtedly), and indulging in a football game. exalted semi-public officials, has much to recommend These events occupied Thanksgiving Day and the it. At a recent meeting of the Ohio Library Asso- day before, and were witnessed by a notable gath- ciation the committee on legislation brought to the ering of persons prominent in educational work. attention of the assembled library workers a bill that Sidney Edward Mezes, Ph.D., is the newly installed it had draughted and that contained the following head of the University, and he was inducted into provisions : The appointment of a state board of office with services in harmony with the time and examiners of would-be librarians, the board to con- place. Important, indeed, is the institution that sist of five members, each member to serve five years stands at the head of the educational system of a and to receive his appointment from the state board State larger in territory than any European country of library commissioners. The examiners are to be except Russia, and destined in the not distant future all librarians in good and regular standing, and at to support a large population. But before that day least two of them must be women. Not fewer than arrives the recently suggested division of this vast two examinations shall be held each year, and, if territory into two or more States is likely to have possible, simultaneously in different parts of the state. been accomplished. Certificates shall be for a term of years, or for life to such as, are found duly qualified. Library experi- ence and also attendance at a library school shall COMMUNICATION. receive credit as the examiners may determine. Other minor provisions follow in some detail. All this is WHISTLER'S PORTRAIT OF HIS MOTHER. well, and the public library spirit again shows itself (To the Editor of The DIAL.) to be active in Ohio, greatly to Ohio's credit. We In the article on Modern Painting, page 340 of the may rest assured that the public library which once November 16 number of The Dial, Whistler's portrait appointed as its librarian the lowest bidder in a com- of his mother is said to hang in the Louvre. It is not petition for the combined librarianship and janitor- in the Louvre until ten years after the death of the there, but in the Luxembourg. No paintings find place ship was not an Ohio public library; nor will any artist who produces them. such system of appointment ever find favor in that LYDIA AVERY COONLEY WARD. enlightened commonwealth. Dresden, Germany, December 4, 1908. a 12 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL -a Glancing about to see what could be the occasion, she The New Books. discovered Richie, beside but somewhat behind her, frightened to stone, but firmly clutching the hem of her long train which his little hands had seized as she swept A GREAT ACTOR'S BIOGRAPHY.* away from him into the presence of the audience." Richard's father died in 1861. His mother's Perhaps the saddest spot in the sad life of engagements in the first opera houses of Great the actor," wrote Richard Mansfield, is to be Britain and Europe continued. As most of her forgotten. Great paintings live to commem- time was spent upon the continent, it was orate great painters; the statues of sculptors decided that the children should be sent to Jena. are their monuments ; and books are the in- There Richard and his brother Felix attended a scriptions of authors. But who shall say, when private school, kept by a Professor Zenker, a this generation has passed away, how Yorick famous master. Early in his school career played? When the curtain has fallen for the Richard painted one of the class-room doors a last time, and only the unseen spirit hovers in vivid green, and in the high pride of his achieve- the wings, what book will speak of all the mum- ment signed his initials to his handiwork. The mer did and suffered in his time?" boy spent two years at the school Am Graben ; Mr. Paul Wilstach's biography of Mansfield then two years at Paul Vodos's school in the goes far toward preserving our recollection of little town of Yvredon, in Switzerland ; and his consummate art, and gives us, besides, a later at Bourbourg, France. Early in 1869 he faithful portrait of Mansfield the man—a por- entered on the experience which in after years trait that does its distinguished original ample remained clearest as a retrospect of boyhood. justice, without concealing those temperamental He was sent to Derby School. Here he was faults that marred his character. Taken as a distinguished in the athletic sports of the period, whole, it is the most satisfying biography of a but not as a student; among the boys he was player of which the present reviewer has knowl- known as “Cork” Mansfield, -perhaps because edge. The book itself, with its wealth of illus- of his remarkable feats as a swimmer. He did, trations and its dignified binding, its clear type however, become the star performer among the and fine paper, compels a word of favorable schoolboys on “ Speech Day,” acting his first , comment. role — Scapin, in Molière's “ Les Fourberies de Richard Mansfield's father was Maurice Mans-Scapin ” — during his first year at the school. field, a London wine merchant; his mother, a famous singer, Erminia Rudersdorff. Richard, occasion, as Shylock; and the next year's Speech In the following year he appeared, on the same their third child, was born on the 24th of May, Day witnessed young Mansfield's acting in a 1857. The boy's public life began in his fourth German, a French, and three English scenes, — year. His mother was dressing for a concert and taking a leading part in each. at the Crystal Palace. Refusals and threats In the spring of the following year (1872) only stimulated Richard's determination to he left Derby. It was his mother's wish that accompany her. Finally, the imperious mother he should enter Oxford or Cambridge ; but the yielded to the imperious boy. He was hastily World's Peace Jubilee in Boston offered her dressed in his best black velvet skirt and coat, opportunities she could not neglect. These a wide embroidered collar falling over his ripened into attractive offers to make Boston shoulders, and together they rattled away in her future home; and, this course being decided her carriage. His mother's dressing room, the upon, the children were brought to America, vastness of the stage, the lights, the strange and Madame Rudersdorff's rooms in the Hotel noises and confusion, frightened the child and Boyleston, and her studio, became one of the he clung close to his mother. artistic centres of the city, to which artists from “ When the stage manager came to the door to say the four quarters of the globe were attracted as that Madame's turn had arrived, and that the orchestra certainly as they visited Boston in the course of was waiting, she strode majestically forth, as was her their American tours. custom, from her own room straight to the centre of the For two years young stage. Her appearance was greeted by a roar of ap- Mansfield knew the drudgery of a desk in the plause, which she acknowledged with queenly bows. great Washington Street store founded by Eben She did not observe a subdued ripple of laughter, how- D. Jordan. It was the young man's duty to ever, and signalled the conductor to begin. The music translate letters destined for or received from quieted the applause, but it did not hush the increasing titter, of which she soon became painfully conscious. France, Germany, and Italy ; he exercised his originality also upon advertisements for the RICHARD MANSFIELD: THE MAN AND THE ACTOR. By Paul firm. From such prosaic details Richard must Wilstach. Illustrated. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1909.) 13 THE DIAL rooms. have escaped eagerly at night to the brilliance Someone suggested that he give lessons in the of the company always gathered in his mother's languages he knew so familiarly. For a month a he had a fashionable class of young ladies who Mr. Wilstach gives us an amusing reminis- were taught French, Italian, or German, and cence of this period, from the recollections of were, moreover, stayed with tea and comforted Mrs. Julia Ward Howe. with music. At the end of the month the parents “I remember [Mrs. Howe is quoted as saying) a of the young ladies remitted promptly, and surprise party Madame Rudersdoff gave on Richie's Richard had a spread in his studio remembered birthday. They were nearly all young people present to this day. Two days later he was hungry and excepting myself. It was not a surprise party in the ordinary sense, but you will understand when I tell you. penniless. In those days we were continually invited to meet dis- The Sock and Buskin Club, which had been tinguished musical artists at Madame Rudersdorff's organized in 1875 by Mansfield and some of his home. She provided unsparingly as a hostess; she was friends, was now thought of, and the young men really queenly in her hospitality. Hence her invitations were snapped up in every quarter. On this occasion we gave a performance of Robertson's * School.”' were invited to meet a newly arrived prima-donna, - I It was so successful that Mansfield, who had forget her name. The hostess and her distinguished taken the part of Beau Farintosh, announced to guest received together. I remember her as if it were his friends that for the advantage of himself and yesterday. She was youthful in appearance; uncom- his creditors he proposed to give a benefit to monly modest in demeanor. She wore a red and white himself. Boston's artistic set had its curiosity silk dress with a prodigiously long train, and had many jewels and an abundance of thick wavy dark hair which piqued by learning of “ An Entertainment to was the admiration of everyone. Some of us were put be given at Union Hall, on Thursday evening, to it to talk to her, for she spoke only the European June 1st, by Mr. Vincent Crummels, on the languages. The announcement finally that the great Singers and Actors of the Day.” It was whis- prima donna would sing produced an expectant silence. We were all struck by the phenomenal range of her pered about that Crummels was no other than voice. She seemed to be able to sing with equal facility the famous Madame Rudersdorff's son Richard a soft, dark contralto, or a silvery soprano, capping off Mansfield. Of course the hall was crowded. with an octave in falsetto. After responding to several With wonderful effrontery, Mansfield occupied encores, she at length astounded us all by lifting off her towering coiffure and announcing unaffectedly: • I'm the entire evening with imitations of all the tired of this, mother. Let's cut the birthday cake.' It famous actors and singers known to his audience was Richie. He and his. mother had conspired in the - including his own mother, who witnessed the surprise party.” burlesque from her box, and laughed as heartily Toward the end of his fourth year in Boston, as anyone. Richard became the dramatic and musical critic Early in 1877, with the promise of a contin- of a feeble daily newspaper, “ The News.” uance of his mother's allowance, Richard Mans- When he resigned, he told the editor it was field returned to England, to study drawing impossible to criticise for a man who was the and painting. But brush and palette were not friend of so many bad actors.” for him. His pocket-book was soon flat the The pyrotechnical temper of Madame Ruders- sooner, perhaps, because of the extension of his dorff, and the gradual development of an explo- acquaintance with the London bohemians. His sive capacity on his own part, led eventually chambers became one of the popular rallying (1875) to the selection of separate quarters for points. For such evenings his scanty allow- the young bachelor a modest room at 23 ance forced him to pay the penalty of abstinence Beacon Street. Here he disposed his few and exhausted credit. By April he was over- pieces of furniture, bought a piano, and, since joyed to accept an offer of eight pounds a week his allowance did not permit the purchase of in the German Reed Entertainments. His many pictures, he drew and painted them on the friends crowded St. George's Hall for his first walls himself. Painting was supposed to be his appearance. He had a small rôle in the metier at this time; his mother gave him an comedietta which opened the evening; later, he allowance; the position in Mr. Jordan's office was expected to occupy the stage for an hour was given up, and Richard's friends came for- by himself. When his time came, he sat down ward at intervals to buy his pictures." But,” · at the piano and fainted dead away. He had he afterward explained, “when I had sold not eaten for three days. Meanwhile, Madame pictures to all my friends, I discovered I had Rudersdorff, in Boston, had learned that her son no friends." Exhausted credit soon closed had given a few entertainments in English coun- various streets to him. A knock at his door try homes for pay. She was superb in her wrath; became the sure precursor of an insistent dun. she would at once cut off his allowance. And > > 14 [Jan. I, THE DIAL 6 a corner. > a she did, punctually, in a letter which,“ beginning that had escaped the pawn-shop. It did not take long in very plain English, emphasized her resent- to complete my toilet, and then I sat down to think. ment in French, German, and Italian, and ended Presently, when I had reached the extreme point of de- jection, a cab rattled up, there was a knock, and there in Russian, with a reserve of bitter denuncia- stood D'Oyly Carte's secretary, just as I saw him in my tion, but no more languages to express it in.” dreams. He seemed to be in a great flurry, and cried The struggle of Mansfield's life began now out, .Can you pack up and reach the station in ten min- in earnest. Long afterward, when at the utes to rejoin the company?' I can,' said I, calmly, meridian of his fame, he told the story. pointing to my bag, for I was expecting you.' The man was a little startled by this seemingly strange re- “ For years I went home to my little room, if fortu- mark, but bundled me into the cab without further ado, nately I had one, and perhaps a tallow dip was stuck in and we hurried away to the station exactly in accord the neck of a bottle, and I was fortunate if I had some- with my dream. That was the beginning of a long thing to cook for myself over a fire, if I had a fire. engagement; and although I have known hard times That was my life. When night came I wandered about since, it was the turning-point in my career.” the streets of London, and if I had a penny 1 invested it in a baked potato, from the baked potato man on the For more than three years Mansfield played I would put these hot potatoes in my pockets, in minor opera and minor comedy; engagements and after I had warmed my hands I would swallow the being now the rule rather than the exception. potato. That is the truth." He received the news of his mother's death, and The sale of an occasional picture, or the accept- of her will, which made him her sole heir but ance of a story or a poem by a magazine, were contained the capricious proviso that no portion the sources of his scanty income. He strove to of the inheritance should pass into his hands so keep his appearance respectable in order to ac- long as he remained unmarried. Then, one night cept fortuitous social invitations for the sake of in the spring of 1882, in his dressing-room, , the cold collations without which he would have Mansfield heard a familiar voice ; his old friend gone hungry. Often he stayed in bed and slept Eben Jordan of Boston grasped his hand, and in order to forget the hunger of the hours of that night persuaded him to return to America. wakefulness. Food seen through the windows It was on the night of January 11, 1883, that of bakeries and restaurants seemed to him the Mansfield played Baron Chevrial for the first most beautiful sight in the world. time, and woke on the following morning famous. The year 1878 found him, with a second or There were many ups and downs in the years that third rate company, playing the role of Sir followed, but “Cork” Mansfield sustained the Joseph Porter, K.C.B., in “ Pinafore,” in the qualities of his cognomen. smaller towns of England, Scotland, and Wales. For most of us, the remaining pages of Mr. His salary was three pounds weekly; and when Wilstach's book, which are devoted to Mans- he demanded an additional six shillings, he was field the actor, will stimulate personal reminis- cut adrift, and returned to London in desperate cences of the gifted artist. - Prince Karl,” straits. The turning point of his career was “ Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,” “ Richard III.," accompanied, as he told it, by a remarkable “ Beau Brummel," " Don Juan," “ Monsieur experience. Beaucaire,” “ Cyrano de Bergerac,” “ Arthur “ This was the condition of affairs when a strange Dimmesdale,” “Shylock,” “ Captain Blunt- happening befell me. Retiring for the night in a per. sehli," “ Dick Dudgeon,' " Alceste," “ King fectly hopeless frame of mind, I fell into a troubled sleep, and dreamed dreams. Finally, toward morning, Henry V.,” “Peer Gynt,' these names repre- this fantasy came to me. I seemed in my disturbed sent the story of the wonderful years, wonderful sleep to hear a cab drive up to the door as if in a great in the development of his own genius as an actor, hurry. There was a knock, and in my dream I opened and wonderful in the development of his equally the door and found D’Oyly Carte's yellow-haired secre- marvellous breadth of view and mastery of detail tary standing outside. He exclaimed : •Can you pack up and catch the train in ten minutes to rejoin the com- as stage manager and producer. Mr. Wilstach, pany?' •I can,' was the dreamland reply. There with intimate personal knowledge of his subject, seemed to be a rushing about, while I swept a few with every facility in the way of materials at his things into my bag ; then the cab door was slammed, command, and with a discriminating judgment and we were off to the station. This was all a dream. and taste that qualify him perfectly for the task, But here is the inexplicable denouement. The dream was so vivid and startling that I immediately awoke gives us so true a picture of the actor in each with a strange, uncanny sensation, and sprang to my several part that he essayed as makes him fairly feet. It was six o'clock, and only bare and gloomy live again before our eyes. surroundings met my eye. On a chair rested my Of Mansfield the man, Mr. Wilstach speaks travelling bag; and through some impulse that I could He not explain at the time, and cannot account for now, I apparently with equal fidelity to truth. picked it up and hurriedly swept into it a few articles does not seek to ignore, or even to condone, those 66 1909.] 15 THE DIAL > outbursts of temper which robbed Mansfield of scene, it was the character. By some process and it the affection of American playgoers, however has been called self-hypnotism - he became the person he was playing He carried the manner to and from they might yield him their admiration. Mr. and into his dressing-room. He acted the rôle all the Wilstach says : evening on and off the scene, and it fell from him only “ Most of his outbursts were the outbursts of nervous as he put aside the trappings and emerged from the despair. At times before acting a new rôle there were dressing-room his own self, bound for home.” moments when his confidence appeared to desert him, Mr. Wilstach gives some delightful pictures and he would break down entirely. Then he would toss of Mr. Mansfield's home-life, with his charming away his part and pace the stage in voluble agony, declaring it would be impossible to give the production; and talented wife (Miss Beatrice Cameron), everything and everybody, including the play and him- and his little son, George Gibbs Mansfield. self, were beyond hope; the opening must be postponed, A number of letters to this little chap from his etc., etc. At such moments no one had influence with father are given, and they alone are worth the him but his gentle wife. With soft words of agreement price of the book. Mr. Wilstach and his pub- the tender terms with which a mother would propitiate a child, she would calm the spirit of this mighty child, lishers, and the family of Mr. Mansfield, and and in five minutes have him quieted, comforted, and all who loved or admired him, may be con- back at work again.” gratulated in all sincerity upon the appearance To say to a workman “You're discharged!” of this really notable biography. meant nothing from Mansfield more than a MUNSON ALDRICH HAVENS. reproof. “ It was the habit of exaggerated words,” according to the biographer. His unfailing patience and gentleness during the rehearsals of “ Ivan the Terrible” were a matter THE QUEST OF THE IDEAL DEMOCRACY.* of ominous comment among the company. He We need a word that should stand in the seemed, says our author, to be holding himself same relation to amicus as socialism to socius, under a strain which would break him. This a word that all readers might approach without endured until the dress rehearsal, which passed | bias or nervousness. Socialism was an ideal swimmingly up to the fourth act. « There, name for a theory and system of political organ- in the passionate confession scene, the tricky ization based on comradeship and coöperation ; lines slipped, and with them slipped his self- but strange perversions and confusions abroad possession. There were five minutes of realis- and certain disagreeable events in our own tically improvised Tzar Ivan before he settled country have brought it into unfortunate dis- down, but the burst was welcomed by everyone. repute. Fellowship might have been found An old-timer of fourteen years in the company adequate, had it not been for established said : I was afraid for him. And I was afraid connotations and a flavor of the archaistic. for this piece. It seemed as if he hadn't blown Collectivism and Communism are too cold. in the trade-mark. But it's all right now. Brotherhood suggests too close an intimacy; « The evolution of a character in Mansfield's mind and it also carries with it a certain disturbing remained unexplained. He retired into what Pater echo from the French Revolution. The Society called mystic isolation.' Like Rossetti, he became of Friends would be an almost perfect designa- a racked and tortured medium.' But when he came to rehearsal, even to the first, it was with full possession tion of the ideal state in question, were it not of the new character, just as later, when he went on the already appropriated by an amiable religious stage to give the character to the audience, it had full denomination. As it is, we see no other alterna- possession of him. His performance of a rôle — even tive than the adoption of a new word. Thereby of those which he retained in his repertoire from his we should be freed from the risk of repelling our early successes whether in comedy or tragedy, was to him a sacred work, almost sacramental. He was first more conservative readers, and could describe in the theater, never less than two and sometimes three Mr. Dickinson's latest volume as a dialogue on hours before his first entrance. This time he spent in the new term ; for under “ Justice and Liberty the seclusion of his dressing-room. But the preparation he has given us a delightful interchange of views did not begin there. In the afternoon he took a long walk. When he returned he would see no visitors, none on some of the questions we commonly find of his household, and his servants attended him in emphasized by socialistic writers. silence. He ate a light repast at five o'clock, with a “If every man thought it his duty to think book for company at table. Then he retired to his own freely and trouble his neighbor with his thoughts apartment for a short nap and a bath, and rode away in (which is an essential part of free-thinking), it his unbroken silence to the theater. And so into the dressing-room. When the call came for his entrance, would make wild work in the world,” sermonizes and he emerged from his room, a metamorphosis had * JUSTICE AND LIBERTY. A Political Dialogue. By G. Lowes taken place. It was not the actor who went upon the Dickinson. New York: The McClure Co. ) 6 16 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL the irrepressible Dean of St. Patrick's; and it is place of reality not to be hazarded for distant probably true. The question is whether there goals, seen only in barest outline and often lost is not need of “ wild work” in some quarters. in cloud. Then the comfortable loiterers are And whatever else may be said of the earnest either guided upward by the seer with the torch socialist, or the intellectual “ perplexed inquirer of the ideal, or driven reluctantly onward by the socialistically inclined," he at least promotes less fortunate of their fellows, whose cry is no thought. It is always easy to demolish certain less bitter than blind. And between these two features of advanced collectivism ; it is never forces, the reasonable appeal of the leader and quite possible to destroy the ideal of fellowship the unreasoning impulse of the luckless throng, as cherished by thinking men like William it is probable that for the future we shall give Morris or the central speaker in the volume good heed to the problem of better social con- before us. There is something appealing in ditions. the cry, "We open the gates of the Temple of , But we must return to our volume,-although Humanity; make yourselves clean that you we have not wandered so far as might be sup- may enter in.” There is a genuine ring in the posed. In the course of his dialogue, Mr. challenge, "To unseat things from the saddle of Dickinson treats such topics as Forms of Society, destiny and to seat there the human soul.” the Institution of Marriage, the Institution of Nor does the cause stand still. To-day we Property, Government, the “Spirit” of the are a little less sure than yesterday that the communities under consideration, naturally with stimulus of self-interest is as fundamental in various subdivisions and incidental topics in- economic life as the law of gravitation in the evitably suggested by these general subjects. physical world. Just now we are set thinking Then toward the close we have some rather by a comparison of the most active quarter of impassioned but orderly passages on “ The a century in Mr. Rockefeller's career with the Importance of Political Ideals as Guides to twenty-four years covered by Lord Cromer's Practice” and “ The Relations of Ideals to unremitting efforts on behalf of the fellaheen of Facts." Such a cold summary is of course en- Egypt. There is some evidence for the validity tirely misleading. The effectiveness, the justi- of such a stimulus as good citizenship, or love fication of the volume must depend on the of one's fellow creatures. Again, we suspect winning method of treatment in the dialogue rather frequently that the present arrangements form. as to property may not be as final as the course Sir John Harrington, a frankly aristocratic of the earth about the sun. With reference gentleman of leisure, we remember from “A to marriage, hardy souls like Galton will even Modern Symposium "; and Henry Martin, an point out that mating and procreation are at idealizing professor, we recall from the same least as important as gambling or some other volume and “ The Meaning of Good” as well. subjects of legislation ; and that there is a pos- The third sharer in the discussion is Charles sibility of improving the quality of the popula- Stuart, a banker of broad experience, who keeps tion. A few of the most daring go so far as his feet stoutly on the earth. “ Never mind to dream that marriage might be more happy ; Plato and Aristotle! Modern philosophers are and one of them in his plea actually adduces bad enough without dragging in the ancients at the reports of our Illinois divorce courts. As every point.” Or, “ I am learning from this to social classes, many Englishmen and most conversation that an ideal standpoint is one from Americans have rejected the hierarchic view which everything is seen out of proportion.” that God placed men in wisely ordered ranks Stuart and Harrington find the Professor in one and there they ought to remain in outward sub- of his favorite haunts, recalling in spirit rather mission and even inward gratitude. Because than by topographical detail the scene of the our institutions are an inheritance from the “ Phædrus." "I love the sound and sight of past, we no longer believe they are incapable running water, the great green slopes fragrant of improvement. In short, there is a growing with pines, and the granite cliffs shining against . recognition of the obvious fact, albeit so long the sky.” But if he is dreaming in this idyllic and stubbornly disregarded, that human nature spot to-day, he must return to his constituency is " a Being in perpetual transformation.” In to vote to-morrow. And this contact, this in- man's struggle up the endless steeps of the terplay of the ideal and the actual, runs through ages, he comes now and then to a plateau that the whole dialogue. The three friends spend appears to the more short-sighted climbers to their last day together in discussing the value be the final height, or at worst a fair dwelling of political ideals in general and the relative 1909.] 17 THE DIAL merits of their three preferences. Given the among the vanished ages,” inspiration of Dante, persone and the subjects, our readers would Racine, and Tennyson — belongs to a past which surmise the general division of the treatment. had leisure to appreciate the elegant and the In one sense, the dialogue cannot be said to exquisite. Lucretius, the supreme, the only, make any contribution to socialistic thought. poet of science, still influences the thoughts of Parts of it, without being in any way copied, the leaders of thought, and will hold his place recall some of the lofty and glowing passages of until the long-heralded epic of evolution is Morris ; and every point could be traced to one evolved. source or another. But it is a commonplace that More than a century has elapsed since André appropriate setting and effective re-statement of Chénier justified the plan of his “ Hermes" by problems and arguments often constitute a more the now familiar argument that the world of real service than the introduction of new mat- science is more poetic than the world of fable, ter. The topics here discussed are of such a and boasted that his Pegasus, soaring on the nature as to justify frequent treatment; and wings of Buffon, should pass with Lucretius, the indirect method of our dialogue is an invalu- by the light of Newton's torch, “ La ceinture “ able auxiliary to the positiveness of the avowed d'azur sur le globe étendue.” But the verse apostles of the cause. Sometimes we wish Mr. of the Roman poet which he thus translates still Dickinson were not keeping his English audi- remains the inevitable expression of modern ence quite so strictly in mind; and one might pride in the wonders of science. It is still the hazard the conjecture that a more intimate text of our greatest living poet and radical, acquaintance with some of our Western States when he hymns the achievements of the liberated would not be without value for a man who spirit of man : would understand them as quickly as this sym- “ Past the wall unsurmounted that bars out our vision pathetic Cambridge economist. With some of with iron and fire, their experiments before him, he might intro- He hath sent forth his soul for the stars to comply duce at least a parenthetical modification in one with and suns to conspire." or two paragraphs. But herewith we are de- There has been ample time for both the poet scending to details, for which there is no space. and his readers to acquire that familiarity with We may merely say, in closing, that we think the processes and results of science which the book is worthy of Mr. Dickinson ; which Wordsworth said must precede the effective use implies our belief that it deserves to be widely of scientific matter in poetry. But nothing has read by thinking people. come of it except Tennyson's cautious experi- It is unnecessary to state that the English of ments in dainty paraphrase ; and a few crudely “Justice and Liberty" is lucid and attractive. ambitious epics of evolution and the rise of man, It does not seem to us that the finest passages which posterity, if it remembers them at all, will reach quite the highest levels of our author's class with Darwin's “ Botanic Garden” and his “Syınposium "; but the style is admirable “ Temple of Nature.” The vein of Shelley's throughout. One sentence, however, on page Queen Mab" and André Chénier's fragment- And 125, made us pause; and we are still wondering ary “Hermes” has not been excelled. whether “ He's no worse than you or me” is that at its best is a dilution of the austere sub- due to deliberate antinomianism or merely to limity of Lucretius with the optimism of the human frailty. We hope it is the latter. eighteenth century's utopian faith in progress F. B. R. HELLEMS. and perfectibility. And so it is to the Roman versifier of a sond-rate and obsolete Greek system of philosophy that our Langes, our THE POET OF SCIENCE." Tyndalls, and Huxleys will still turn in their Lucretius, in pure poetic charm and natural most exalted and enthusiastic moods, so long as magic, is probably not the “chief poet on the the new pedagogy allows them to construe the Tiber side” that Mrs. Browning saluted in him. Latin. There are single cadences of Virgil for which They do not find in him, and they do not seek, the adept would cheerfully sacrifice the whole a formulation of the atomic theory that will fit of Latin literature and all the Res Romance the new synthetic chemistry and the new physics perituraque regna—“ Kings and realms that Kings and realms that of radio-active bodies. of radio-active bodies. But they do find the pass to rise no more.” But Virgil — " light consummate poetical expression of all the large moral and imaginative ideas which even the LUCRETIUS, EPICUREAN AND POET. most advanced science can contribute to litera- 66 By John Masson, M.A., LL.D. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co. 18 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL 1 > > ture and life — ideas for the most part not will serve in a passage of curious philosophic peculiar to the philosophy of Epicurus, but the meditation. common possession of all philosophically edu- “Still as, while Saturn whirls, his stedfast shape cated ancients, even of those who rejected the Sleeps on his luminous ring” absolutism of their dogmatic Epicurean formu- presents a definite picture, and belongs to the lation ; I mean such ideas as the reign of law, science (astronomy) in which the imaginative the continuity of natural process, the univer- familiarity postulated by Wordsworth is most sality of mechanical causation, the infinity of likely to be attained. space and time, the recurrence of cosmogonical “ Break thou deep vase of chilling tears cycles, and the insignificance of man in the That grief hath shaken into frost," face of infinite Mutability. Only the laws interests by its subtlety even when not fully that determine the apparition of genius could understood. But these experiments in orna- explain how it happened that the “ De Rerum mentation are not the predicted poetry of science, Natura” was written, not by a Greek but by a and Tennyson's taste seems to have marked the of what apart from the vigor of its assertion of a It remains for our poets to surpass Lucretius few fundamental truths was the least scientific in his own domain — if they have the mind to. of the Greek philosophies. But that the poem, It would be idle to predict that no modern poet once written, should not have been superseded will ever achieve this. But it is the plain fact by any poetic interpretation of nineteenth cen- that no poet has yet done so. Two great clas- tury science is no paradox except to the most sical books seem to have expressed once for all superficial consideration. Science may be in the the two fundamental imaginative conceptions of itself more poetical to the scientific mind than the world - the “Timæus" of Plato, a “hymn myth. But there are only two or three ways to the universe" conceived as the work of benefi- in which the poet can make use of it. He cent intelligence subordinating chaos and neces- may expound it in a frankly didactic poem ; he sity to design ; the “ De Rerum Natura," a may experiment in the method of Tennyson ; hymn to the scientific spirit emancipated from he may try to rival the eloquence of Lucretius in superstition, a hymn to Nature manifold in the domain where the verified detail of modern works, freed from the yoke of the gods, change- science gives him no advantage over Lucretius. less in the sum amid eternal change, and suffi- Now, though science is a new thing under the cient unto the didactic poem is not. It has been tried from Hesiod’s “ Works and Days” to Philips's dreariest and silliest of systems of philosophy “ Cider” and Armstrong's “ Art of Preserving should have produced the sublimest of philoso- Health.” Its literary value has never resided phic poems. But the poetry of the “ De Rerum in the ostensible theme, but always in the Natura” owes little to anything specifically episodes or a few informing ideas. The pleas- Epicurean. Its inspiration is first the whole ure derived from the exposition of the nominal scientific and rationalistic tradition of antiquity subject is at most the expert's interest in the from Empedocles and Democritus down, and ingenious expression in verse of what could be second the poet's own passionate abhorrence of better said in prose. It is the curiosity of the superstition, anthropomorphism, and the petty professional latinist who reads Vida's “Game of carpenter theories of creation and design which Chess or Addison's “ Battle of the Cranes and the official apologists of religion opposed to his Pygmies.” This æsthetic law is not abrogated picture of the self-sufficing life of universal by the fact that the detail of ancient science was nature. The causes of this anti-theological pas- erroneous and that of the science of to-day is sion, of which there are few traces in the extant supposed to be true. Minute and didactic expo- fragments of Epicurus, we are left to conjecture. sition is not poetry, whether the thing expounded Its effects on the fortunes of the poem would be true or false. make an interesting chapter of literary history. The method of Tennyson yields a genuine Mythology and religion have always been the but slight effect of Alexandrian prettiness. chief inspiration of poetry and art. But the “ There sinks the nebulous star we call the sun, impassioned revolt against superstition and If that hypothesis of theirs be sound,” sophistical apologetics has played a far greater is intentionally and playfully pedantic. part than the conventional histories of literature “ Before the little ducts began and philosophy recognize. Every generation To feed thy bones with lime since the Renaissance has had its Mirandolas, sun, od Macaulay marvels that what he deems the 1909.] 19 THE DIAL its Brunos, its Spinozas, its Shelleys, enthusias- PROBLEMS OF RACE FRICTION.* tio imaginative rationalists who, beneath transpa- rent veils of mysticism, Platonism, or Cartesian- The last few years have seen an increasing ism, have in their inmost souls been dominated accentuation of race-friction in many parts of by this passion for which they could find relief the world, and it is no exaggeration to say that only in declaiming the verses of Lucretius. the problem of the races is everywhere becoming Add to these the readers who, like Tennyson, more acute, and must continue to become so on are alternately fascinated and repelled by the account of the greater intermingling of alien supreme poetic statement of the doctrine which races where they formerly lived apart. Happy they cannot endure to accept, and the chief indeed is the land which has no such problem! source of the permanent power of the De Rerum We find it to-day a disturbing element in many Natura over the minds of men is made plain. of the possessions of England, notably in certain In spite of the enormous Lucretian literature, of the West Indian Islands; in South Africa, there is still room for a study of the poem from in Australia, in India, and in Northwest Canada; this point of view. we find it in Austria, Hungary, Germany, and Professor Masson, whom these introductory Russia ; and of course it is always with us in observations have kept waiting too long, can America. hardly be said to attempt this in his brief study The nature and causes of race-friction, and of Lucretius's influence on his own age, or in his the possible ways of removing it, are matters concluding chapter on what the world owes to which are now claiming the attention of more Lucretius. His estimable but not especially pen thoughtful men than almost any other questions. etrating or original book is not easily reviewed Each year brings us a new group of books deal- with fairness by a specialist. It is in part a ing with this peculiar and difficult problem. revision and expansion of the author's standard Two of the latest contributions to this group are work on the “ Atomic System of Lucretius Professor Josiah Royce's “ Race Questions, and published in 1884. In seventeen discursive and Other American Problems," and Mr. Alfred not perfectly welded chapters of very unequal H. Stone's “ Studies in the American Race merit and fulness of detail, it treats in the Problem." The author of one of these books main competently and readably most of the is a Harvard professor ; the other is a young topics that belong to a complete monograph, the Mississippi planter of education and practical life and times of the poet, the atomic theory, experience. Professor Royce's volume is a col- the Epicurean view of the world, the Epicu- lection of largely unrelated essays, only two of rean ethics, the Epicurean gods, the sources of which call for mention in this review. These Epicurus's doctrine, poetry and science, etc. are entitled “ Race Questions and Race Preju- The scholarship is sound but old-fashioned and dices” and “ Provincialism.” In the former he not always critical or up to date. Professor examines into the causes and nature of race- Masson appears to be unacquainted with recent prejudice; in the latter he discusses the meaning attempts to acquit Democritus of the blunder of provincialism, its uses and its evils. Profes- of affirming that a heavy body falls faster sor Royce contrasts the situation in the United than a light one in a vacuum. He has appar- States with that in Jamaica and Trinidad, where, ently not read Diels, and cites the pre-Socratics he asserts, race-friction has been reduced to a from the obsolete edition of Mullach, thus minimum by the peculiar character of English attributing to Democritus some ethical sayings administration and by English reticence. The which are plainly spurious. He labors unneces- maintenance of an efficient country constab- sarily some obvious points, and fails to go to ulary into which negroes are admitted is one the bottom of subtler questions, especially in of the many policies which, in the opinion of the Epicurean psychology. His literary and Professor Royce, have been adopted to secure moral criticism is pleasant and true enough, but the loyalty and respect of the negro popula- less trenchantly and vividly expressed than that tion. Moreover, the English habit of ruling of Mallock or Sellar. He still thinks it neces- the inferior race without publicly claiming sary to apologize for Lucretius. The book is the virtues of superiority tends very greatly, the good and sufficient monograph for the general he thinks, to remove a source of irritation reader and the undergraduate. But it is not a *Race QUESTIONS, and Other American Problems. By Josiah notable contribution to literature or scholarship. PAUL SHOREY. New York: Doubleday, Page & Co. Royce. New York: The Macmillan Co. STUDIES IN THE AMERICAN RACE PROBLEM. By Alfred Stone. 20 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL is written in old French, and in a manner so faulty which lies at the bottom of much of the trouble THE BEGINNINGS OF ACADIA.* in North America. Mr. Stone's work is a much more elaborate The Champlain Society of Toronto published study of the negro problem, and is based on his last year the first volume of Grant and Biggar's experience and observations as an extensive edition of Lescarbot's "History of New France," employer of negro labor on a Mississippi planta- of which two other volumes are to follow. It tion. To his personal observation he has added now issues Nicolas Denys's “ Description and ten or fifteen years of systematic and almost Natural History of the Coasts of North Amer- continuous study of the literature dealing with ica,” translated and edited by Dr. William F. the history of the negro race in America. His Ganong. If it never publishes anything better, equipment, therefore, is such as to inspire the from every point of view, than these two works, reader of his volume with a feeling of confidence. it will have more than justified its existence. He contrasts the attitude of the Northern and Professor Ganong has brought within reach of Southern white people, discusses the grounds of the ordinary reader one of the essential sources difference, reviews at length some plantation of early Canadian history, and one which experiments of his own with the negro, describes hitherto has been inaccessible to all except a the somewhat remarkable condition of affairs in few special students — inaccessible for two rea- the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta (the great black sons: first, because the original edition is belt of Mississippi, where he declares there is exceedingly rare; and second, because it is but little race-friction), considers the economic , future of the discourses negro, upon and confused that more than one scholar has the causes and results of the increasing friction between dismissed it as unintelligible. The task pre- the races, criticises President Roosevelt's negro sented to the translator has been “not simply policy and compares it with that of President to render a book of bad French into one of McKinley, emphasizes the factor of the mulatto good English, but also to discover, and to show element in the question, and considers at length by proper annotation, the author's real meaning the political aspects of the negro problem. On when he is obscure, and the actual truth when the whole, Mr. Stone's point of view is that of he is in error. In other words, the book de- the Southern white man, though his discussion manded not only a translator, but also a com- is so free from evidence of passion and his con- mentator who had local knowledge of the places, clusions are based on such wide study and ex- the objects, and the contemporary records bear- tended observation that they command respect ing on the events which Denys describes.” How even where they do not compel conviction. So happy Professor Ganong has been in fulfilling far, no study of the negro problem has been these requirements, an examination of his work produced which throws so much light on the will abundantly prove. It is not too much to whole question of the social, economic, and polit- say that the Champlain Society could hardly ical life of the negro race in America. It is have found any other scholar so competent in the work of a man who not only knows the every way to interpret this most difficult of situation from personal contact with the early Canadian narratives. negro, but possesses in addition a rare theoretical In spite of its ambitious title, Denys's book knowledge based on wide and systematic reading. is confined to the coasts of Acadia, or to what Three chapters of the book are contributed now form the provinces of Nova Scotia and by Professor Walter F. Wilcox; these deal New Brunswick; but it is nevertheless, within with the criminality of the negro, the causes of this restricted field, a work of the first impor- its increase, and the resulting influence upon tance. It narrates events, a knowledge of which race relations ; census statistics relating to is essential to a clear understanding of the the wealth, population, occupations, education, history of Acadia in the seventeenth century, and death rate of the race; and the probable in- which are not to be found elsewhere. It crease of the negro population in America. Mr. describes the country and its inhabitants as Wilcox shows that the increase of crime among they were in Denys's day; gives a good deal of the negroes has been much larger relatively than attention to its natural history, sometimes accu- that among the white race. The predicted in- rate, but oftener the reverse ; and devotes nearly crease of population among the negroes, how- * THE DESCRIPTION AND NATURAL HISTORY OF THE COASTS OF NORTH AMERICA (ACADIA). By Nicholas Denys. Translated ever, he declares is not justified by the teachings and edited, with a memoir of the author, collateral documents, of the census. and a reprint of the Original, by William F. Ganong, Ph.D. J. W. GARNER. Toronto: The Champlain Society. > 1909.] 21 THE DIAL half the second volume to an elaborate account the branch. These are the carpenters. Others have to of the cod-fishery. Despite its apparent tedi- carry the wood to the place of the work where the masons ousness and present uselessness, this portion of are, (thus acting) like the masons' men. Others are destined for the land; they are the old ones, which have Denys's narrative is, as Professor Ganong says, the largest tails, and they act as hod-carriers. There “replete with interest from start to finish. are some which dig the ground and scrape it with their It constitutes “ by far the most complete and hands; these are the diggers. Others have to load it. authoritative exposition we possess of that sum- Each does his duty without meddling with anything else. Each set of workmen at a task has a commandant with mer fishery for cod which played so large a them who overlooks their work, and shows them how it part in the early relations between Europe and should be done. The one who commands the masons North-eastern America. It is, moreover, the shows them how to arrange the trees, and how to place best and clearest part of the book, the only part, the earth properly. Thus each one shows those who are apparently, which Denys really enjoyed writing. he chastises them, beats them, throws himself on them, under his charge. If they are neglectful of their duty , With excellent arrangement and all complete and bites them to keep them at their duty. ness, and withal by aid of many a vivid phrase, “Everything being thus arranged, which indeed is soon happy turn, and illustrative incident, he brings accomplished, every morning each one goes to his work. before us with the greatest clearness every de- At eleven o'clock they go to find something to eat, and tail of that business of which he was a thorough do not return until about two o'clock. I believe this is because of the great heat, which is against them, for if it master, and a master in love with his work.” is bright moonlight they work at night more than by day. One of the principal objects which Denys had “ Let us watch them now all at work making their in view in writing his book was, in fact, to dam. There are the masons; their helpers bring them arouse the government and people of France the wood cut into lengths. Each brings his piece to the possibilities of the cod-fishery of Acadia. according to his strength upon his shoulders. They This portion of the narrative furnishes a rather walk entirely upright upon their hind feet. Arriving there they place their piece near the masons. The hod- curious illustration of the fact that a man never carriers do the same; their tails serve them as hods. writes so effectively as when he is describing To load these they hold themselves fully erect, and lay something with which he is thoroughly familiar, their tails quite flat on the ground. The loaders place and in which is absorbingly interested. the earth upon the tails, and trample it to make it hold, Some of the most entertaining pages of the (building it) as high as they can, and bringing it to a sharp ridge at the top. Then those which are loaded book are those in which Denys describes the march quite upright drawing their tails behind them. beaver and its wonderful works. None of our They unload near the masons, who, having the materials, contemporary “Nature fakirs"-as Mr. Arthur . as Mr. Arthur begin to arrange their sticks one above another, and make of them a bed of the length and breadth which Stringer unkindly calls them — could hold a they wish to use for the foundation of the dam. In candle to this unimaginative chronicler, in the proportion as some place the wood, others bring hand- more than human intelligence attributed to the fuls of earth which they place upon it, packing it down industrious and long-suffering beaver. to fill up the interstices between the sticks. When it is “It is necessary to know first of all that the Beaver upon the sticks, they hammer it with the tail, with which they strike it above to render it firm. This layer being has only four teeth, two above and two below. The made of earth and of sticks the length of the dam, they largest are of two finger-breadths, the others have them add sticks and then earth on top as before, and go on in proportion to their size. They have rocks for sharp- ening them, rubbing them on their tops. With their extending it always in height. The side to the water, teeth they cut down trees as large as half barrels. in proportion as it rises, is lined with earth, which Two of them work together at it, and a man with an place there to fill up the holes which the sticks might axe will not lay it low quicker than do they. They have made. In proportion as they deposit this earth, make it always fall on the side which they wish, and they place their posterior end on the edge of the dam, where it is most convenient for them. so that the tail hangs down; then raising the tail they “ To place all these workmen at their business, and to strike against the earth to flatten it, and to make it make them do their work well, there is need of an archi- enter towards the water, so as to keep that from possi- tect and commanders. Those are the old ones which bility of entering. They even place there two or three have worked at it formerly. According to number there layers of earth, one upon another, beating it from time to time with the tail, so that the water cannot pass are eight to ten commanders, who nevertheless are all under one, who gives the orders. It is this architect through their dam. When they are beating like that who often to the atelier of one, often to that of the with their tails, they can be heard for a league in the goes woods." other, and is always in action. When he has fixed upon the place where it is necessary to make the dam, he In addition to the translation, and an exact employs there a nuinber of the Beavers to remove that reprint of the original text of Denys's book, which could injure it, such as fallen trees, which would Dr. Ganong furnishes a very full bibliography be able to lead the water underneath the dam, and cause loss of the water. Those are the masons. He sets others of material bearing on Denys, to which Mr. to cut down trees, and then to cut branches of the length Victor H. Paltsits has added a bibliographical of about two feet or more according to the thickness of description of the original work. All the maps > 22 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL The religion of The teacher - and plates of the original, as well as those of Some months ago the cable that the Dutch translation of 1788, are reproduced transmits just and unjust things a scientific man. here, as well as a number of maps drawn by alike, brought the news that Sir Dr. Ganong to illustrate the topography of the Oliver Lodge had proved by scientific evidence the narrative, and photographs of the sites of immortality of the soul. The more complete accounts in the English press reflected what had really been Denys's establishments at Port Rossignol, said more soberly, but sufficiently corroborated the La Have, Chedabucto, Saint Peters, Miscou, trend of it all to explain the cruder interpretation. and Nepisguit. LAWRENCE J. BURPEE. There is accordingly a considerable interest in the volume which has just been issued by Messrs. Moffat, Yard & Co., with the title “Science and BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. Immortality." The book is divided into four dis- ” tinct parts : the first is concerned with science and Although Professor George Herbert faith; the second with ecclesiastical problems of Palmer has chosen “ The Teacher” and the taught. worship and service in the Church of England; the as title for the collection of educa. third with the problem of immortality; the fourth tional essays and addresses – twelve of his own and with the relations of science and Christianity. It four of Mrs. Palmer's - which he issues (through thus appears that Sir Oliver Lodge as a layman is the Houghton Mifflin Co:), he possesses to such a particularly interested in the church and in religions degree that essential quality of the good teacher, matters; that he is abundantly persuaded of the vicariousness, that he has made his book almost truth and value of a liberal religious belief; that he as attractive and useful to the learner as to the is desirous to rationalize his faith with his scientific instructor. Especially interesting to the general view of the material universe; that he recognizes as seeker for knowledge are his chapters on “Self- Cultivation in English," "Specialization,” “ Doubts » equally real and equally a part of the order of nature the inner spiritual life, which must once more be about University Extension,” “The Glory of the harmonized with the more objective uniformities of Imperfect," "A Teacher of the Olden Time," and nature and which must be made significant in con- “College Expenses.” Even his paper on “The nection with the historical unfoldment of the religions Ideal Teacher” and the two discussing the elective of men, and notably of Christianity. All this is system as in use at Harvard are readable as well as clearly stated, and will carry conviction, or fail to professionally important and valuable. It is note- do so, largely according to the proclivities and con- worthy that this teacher of ethics is opposed to the victions of the reader. There is nothing notably formal teaching of ethics in schools ; the dissection new in the way of argument, and much of it comes of conduct and motives he very sensibly holds to suspiciously near to what may be termed special be fruitful of nothing but morbid self-consciousness pleading. Thus, returning to the report of the and moral indecision, in the young. " I declare, proof of immortality, it appears that the author is he says, “at times when I see the ravages which already convinced of it on the grounds of faith, and conscientiousness works in our New England stock, yet is sympathetic to such additional truths as may I wish these New Englanders had never heard moral come from seeming non-conformities and transcend- distinctions mentioned. Better their vices than their ings of ordinary experience in the way of telepathy virtues. The wise teacher will extirpate the first and spiritual communications. In all this he quotes sproutings of the weed; for a weed more difficult approvingly from Myers, and sets before us once to extirpate when grown there is not. We run a more the combination within one mind of a man serious risk of implanting it in our children when carrying on rigorous impersonal research by one we undertake their class instruction in ethics.” Yet set of methods and standards of evidence, and yet he would have all teaching, in the best and largest equally engaging in another in which he gives ad- sense, ethical — instilling, unintrusively, right prin- herence to quite different orders of probabilities. ciples of thought and feeling and action. His “ideal As a personal attitude, this is interesting and legiti- teacher” is "big, bounteous, and unconventional,” mate; what is unfortunate is that the reputation of and is also endowed with the following four funda- the physicist should become subtly involved in the mental qualities, - an aptitude for vicariousness, an . already accumulated wealth, an ability to invigorate personal predilections of the man of faith. , life through knowledge, and a readiness to be for- The two closing volumes of Professor gotten. The four papers from Mrs. Alice Freeman Pompeo Molmenti's “ Venice" (Mc- Palmer's pen-three of them reprinted from pe- of Napoleon. Clurg) deal with Venetian life in the riodicals and the fourth taken from the short-hand age of decadence. The account covers the period report of an address will make the reader share from the middle of the sixteenth century to the fall Professor Palmer's regret that his gifted wife did of the republic in 1797, an age of much splendor and not oftener give literary expression to her thoughts outward magnificence, of vast activities and many and ideals. The entire volume has a breadth of real triumphs, but also a period of positive decline view and of interest and a charm of style such as in commerce, in industry, in military efficiency, and few books on education possess. in moral strength. Consequently, when Napoleon > - Venice at the coming > 1909.] 23 THE DIAL appeared in northern Italy all power of resistance was peculiar conditions in such a community, and much gone and the terrified patricians hastily abdicated. of it would apply to conditions that existed in the In his essay on the fall of the republic (the closing other Border States. The story holds the attention chapter of the work) the author appears to believe from beginning to end. It tells how a city strongly that the city should have refused to yield to the Southern in sentiment was held by force in the Corsican; but the story of general decline that runs Union; how Unionism was strengthened ; how the through every chapter in these two volumes is likely neutral and indifferent were converted into Union- to convince the reader that all resistance would have ists ; how the people were divided in religious, been useless. While the author admits that Vene- social, and political matters. Dr. Anderson makes tian weakness was in large measure due to decay of it clear that it was the German element in Missouri character, external factors, he believes, were respon- which saved the State to the Union. One of the sible to a far greater extent. The discovery of new best things in the volume is the account of the psy- trade routes diverted the Oriental trade to other chological influences brought to bear by the Union- ports; the competition of England and Holland ists upon the members of the Convention of 1861. ruined Venetian commerce in the north and the The writer aims to be impartial, and is certainly not west ; incessant wars with the Turks in the Archi- bitter ; but he never sees, probably never saw, the pelago consumed the vigor and the resources of the other side of the case. On all that concerns the state. Of the increasing helplessness, the rulers troubles in the churches, the fight over secession, were keenly conscious ; the motion for the abolition the question of slavery, of partisan politics, of the of the old regime came from the doge himself; of bitter feelings that resulted from the many contro- the five hundred and thirty-seven patricians present versies of the time, he is wholly partisan; he simply at the final meeting of the Great Council, “only states one side, and appears never to have heard of twenty voted against the sacrifice of their country; any other. This causes his text to give the impres- five abstained.” In general, the plan followed in sion that the Unionists of Missouri, though in con- these volumes is the same as in the earlier ones : trol of the state and of the city, were continuously the treatment is topical and descriptive, not chrono- persecuted by the Confederate sympathizers; and logical and narrative. They have all the excellences also makes it appear, although without intention, that of the earlier parts, and also share in their defects; the Southern women were frequently coarse, brutal, but these have been discussed in earlier issues of this and at times addicted to the use of profanity. The journal (see THE DIAL for July 16, 1907, and Jan- work is worth much as a source which the historian uary 16, 1908), and need not be recounted here. may later make use of. Its onesidedness may be However, after all possible points of adverse criti- offset by the opposite bias of Confederate memoirs. cism have been urged, the fact remains that in no other work is the student of Italian society likely to The most direct method of acquiring a The defects of find so clear, vivid, and exhaustive a discussion of pessimistic attitude towards the value our colleges. of American education is to attend a Venetian life, both public and private, as in these six volumes by Professor Molmenti. For the pub- few teachers' meetings. A vaguely enthusiastic lishers' part in the production of this work no critic audience responds, with a zeal mistaken for loyalty, can have anything but the highest praise : rarely to a wildly extravagant laudation of the teacher's does one find a set of books in which artistic effort calling, or to an oratorically brilliant and empty is evident to such a high degree. The beautiful appraisal of education as a panacea for all ills binding, the clear type, and the numerous illustra- except apparently this vain exhibition of the futility tions give the publishers an undoubted right to claim of it all. It is accordingly with a very unusual that this set is “in every respect a monumental piece cordiality that one greets the little volume by Mr. of bookmaking." Abraham Flexner, The American College: A Criticism” (The Century Co.). For it contains a Books about the Civil War continue serious, large-viewed survey of what is really going Life in a to multiply, and for many of them on in school and college, a sober appreciation of there is genuine need. The recent what education may be expected to do, a sane per- war books of greatest worth are those volumes of spective of values amid the practical possibilities of reminiscences by civilian participators in the con- the situation, and a clear appraisal of the merits and flict — the women and the non-combatant men. To defects of current institutions. The emphasis is this class belongs Dr. Galusha Anderson's “Story of consistently placed upon the college — not the a Border City during the Civil War" (Little, Brown specialist's university as the institution best & Co.). Dr. Anderson was a Baptist minister in adapted to carry the young man (and young woman) St. Louis from 1858 to 1866; his work is based on across the most vital period of his formative career his own recollections, on the published writings of and secure for him the realization of his capabilities others, and on the material in the great War Records and their proper training for efficiency. Mr. collection. The list of subjects treated is compre- Flexner finds that the American college “is peda- hensive and attractive. As a story of life in a Border gogically deficient, and unnecessarily deficient, alike State city, the book is valuable. It is easily the best in earnestness and in intelligence; that in conse- and most comprehensive account we have of the quence our college students are, and for the most part a Border city, in war-time. - a 24 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL The domestic Rossetti. emerge, flighty, superficial, and immature, lacking, Chinese potentate. The book is a curious mixture as a class, concentration, seriousness, and thorough- of about equal parts of, first, the sort of biology in- ness.” The elective system in its unrestrained dicated in the passages quoted; second, a very thin form is held accountable for some of this, the ab- and innutritious social philosophy; and tbird, per- sence of clearly conceived ideals on the part of those fervid religious enthusiasm. It cannot be regarded in charge of education for more, and the false strain- as a particularly significant contribution to the ing in behalf of graduate study, and the general literature of evolution. tendency to look to numbers, statistical growth, and administrative success, for other aspects of the gen- “The Family Letters of Christina correspondence eral failure. Lack of good teaching is recognized of Christina Georgina Rossetti” (Scribner), edited as at once a cause and an effect of the wrong em- by her brother, Mr. William Michael phasis of things. “Emphasis of the teaching motive Rossetti, reveal, as the editor says in his preface, “ a will put an end to commercialism. Efficient teaching beautiful and lovable character.” The substance of is utterly irreconcilable with numerical and commer- the letters, in truth, is slight; and of the style noth- cial standards of success.” Diagnosis is the first con- ing can be said except that it is simple, unaffected, dition of scientific treatment. Mr. Flexner's analysis sisterly, and daughterly, in tone. Little of import- is essentially of this type; yet he is not without rem- ance is to be gained from the collection that is not edies, which he prescribes discerningly. The whole already known; but excuse for publishing, if any be forms an admirable and timely criticism of an im- needed, may be found herein, that, as the Preface portant factor in the American problem, and one declares, “Christina Rossetti, by her work in poetry upon which a good deal more remains to be said and and authorship, made herself interesting to a great to be thought and done. number of persons; and that anything which tends to show forth her genuine self, her personality and When one takes up a book dealing tone mind and feeling, cannot therefore be totally Evolution with man and with evolution, the no- upside down. insignificant. Nothing could evince these more per- tion in his mind is that the discussion fectly than her family-letters do.” Supplemented will in general be about what evolution has done or by a few letters to persons outside the family, by is doing for man. The attitude of Mr. Tyler's some addressed to herself (by Dante Gabriel, by “Man in the Light of Evolution" (Appleton) is the Swinburne, Cayley, and others), and by extracts exact opposite of this. It concerns itself with what from her diary, the correspondence fills an octavo man is doing for evolution ! We are told (p. 188) volume, which is further provided with appropriate that “Man's share and work in the process of portraits, views of houses, facsimiles, and other illus- evolution is the higlier development and complete trative matter. A useful index, too, is added. A supremacy of the moral and religious powers, just as random quotation from a letter to “my dear Gabriel" it was the business of the worm to develop viscera (dated August, 1880) may serve to close this brief and of the lower vertebrates to add new muscles and notice. “Startling, portentous, quasi incredible is motor nerve centers." This sentence strikes the the climax of Lady Burdett Coutts's noble life. Can keynote of the constructive (sociological) portion of such ends come of such beginnings? If so, may I the book. It well illustrates the author's unique never have gift, grace, or glamour, to woo me a hus- outlook on organic evolution. Organisms play a band not half my age!!! I had heard of the intended very active part in their own evolution. In illus- marriage, though I knew not whether truly reported : I tration of this curious attitude the following passage but of the disparity of years I had not an inkling. (p. 28), typical of what occurs throughout the book, All amazements pale before this.” worth quoting: “Worms lifted life to a plane far higher than that of coelenterates. After their The contrast of nature and nurture The dangers appearance only muscular and seeing forms could of overcaring -- the biological forces that shape hope to play any leading part in the world. They for the health. our ends, rough-hew them as we will developed weapons of offense and defense. Life appears nowhere more characteristically than in became harder, the struggle more severe, competi- the making or marring of health. To keep well and tion more marked and harsh. A strong, tough, sane, shall we let ourselves fall back upon a tem- agile, alert body was to be developed. Worms led pered inclination, or struggle thoughtfully to regu- . the way toward this. But they had only begun to late our ways in obedience to a system? Are we utilize and realize the possibilities of the muscular more likely to succeed by reason or by instinct? Dr. system. As soon as this and the visceral organs Woods Hutchinson is a naturalist, not an artificialist. needed for its support and service had been fairly In his thesis entitled “ Instinct and Heath” (Dodd, started, the worm began to experiment in building Mead & Co.) the two are one. He is a bold and a skeleton.” It seems almost inconceivable that it incisive advocate, and his strokes tell. Like all his was intended that this sort of crude anthropomor- kind, he frequently overstates his own side of the phism should be taken seriously. Yet if it is meant case, thereby missing the benefit of the confidence only for a figurative mode of presentation, the facil- that goes out to the moderate, and bringing upon ity exhibited by the author in long-sustained indirect himself the suspicion of less thorough command of and figurative discourse might well be envied by a his data than is essential to an authoritative wisdom. a 1909.] 25 THE DIAL ness. you can. Roads to the Yet it is equally pertinent to remember that his aim and the play, the genesis and development of a plot, is practical and his appeal a popular one. His knife etc. The salient points in the general history of the is out for fads and superstitions, prejudices, and drama are lucidly presented with practical succinct- the over-zealous regimen. Diets are as apt to make Mr. Caffin points out that the American dyspeptics as to help them. Pleasant things are not dramatist shows a tendency to be an opportunist, inherently noxious, as our Puritanic or proverbial to take advantage of some theme uppermost in the misconceptions lay down, but are in the main pleas- public mind and to treat it from the point of view ant because they are in accord with nature; pleasure of the man in the street (witness “The Lion and is the stamp of approval that nature gives them as the Mouse” and “The Witching Hour”). He their reward. Early rising may be economically believes that when the truly characteristic American desirable, but physiologically it is better to sleep all drama arrives it will be distinguished by largeness While one man's meat is another's poison, of outlook and treatment, by the equivalent of that it is so mainly in exceptional instances. For the spirit which has opened up the West and has raised average man meat is just what he needs, and its the material and political importance of the country place cannot be taken by any of the substitutes for to its present height; that it will be essentially a food. Appetite, reaction, cheer, unconcern, these drama of liberty — viewing the problems that it pre- are the signs of health and vigor; they are normal, sents in relation to the national idea of equal chances and to be trusted. All this is sound doctrine, most for all, and with an independence of judgment that forcibly inculcated. It is a good thing to have so has in it something of prophetic vision. much of this side of the health question popularized, as against the endless systems that claim in a single experience to establish the falsity of generations of BRIEFER MENTION. instinctive wisdom. Dr. Hutchinson's prescriptions may be freely taken, though the prudent will add their “Writings of American Statesmen” is the title of a own dose of salt. new series of books to be edited by Professor Lawrence Mr. Franklin Matthews's vivacious B. Evans, and published by Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons. From Hampton If we may judge from the volume of “ Writings of account of our Atlantic fleet's recent George Washington ” which now inaugurates the series, Golden Gate. cruise from Hampton Roads over the this enterprise gives much promise of usefulness. Most waters of two oceans to San Francisco, as contained of the statesmen to be included already exist in “Works,” in letters sent from the fleet itself to the New York but in this form are too voluminous for either the ordinary “Sun” (and printed simultaneously in various other library or the average student. Such a selection as is newspapers throughout the country), is now pub- now to be provided will do much to extend acquaintance lished in attractive book form, under the title, “ With with a department of American literature too often the Battle Fleet” (Huebsch). Four of Mr. Henry ignored because of the mass of its material . Each vol- ume of the new series will include three classes of Reuterdahl's drawings of the fleet are reproduced matter: first, those documents which are of themselves from “Collier's Weekly," and a few illustrations important state papers; second, accounts of important from photographs are added. As is already widely events in which the writer participated; and, third, papers known, Mr. Matthews does not in this narrative expressing the opinions of their writers upon public ques- confine himself to a bald statement of facts; he tions of importance. In the case of the Washington clothes the skeleton of more important events with volume, this three-fold purpose seems to be very satis- the flesh and blood of humor and fancy, of human- factorily accomplished. nature study and portrayal, of bright conversation “ The American as He Is,” by Dr. Nicholas Murray and vivid description. Among his most successful Butler, is a small volume published by the Macmillan chapters are the one describing the ceremonies Co. Its contents consist of three lectures given a few weeks ago before the University of Copenhagen, in attending the crossing of the equator; that relating pursuance of the exchange arrangement recently made the passage through Magellan Strait; the unex- between Danish and American professors. The lectures pectedly amusing description, from the mouth of a are neatly dedicated to the University before which boatswain's inate, of a bull fight in Peru; and the they were delivered, an institution “ whose beneficent account of the social life on a man-of-war. All those activity began before America was discovered.” The who like sea-yarns, and probably some who are not lectures consider the American in his three-fold char- especially fond of them, will enjoy the book. acter of a political, social, and intellectual being, and are characterized by breadth of treatment and a clean- Mr. Charles H. Caffin furnishes the cut style. To draw, in large lines, a picture of that principles for sixth volume of the well-known part of present-day civilization which the world knows the playgoer. Appreciation Series ” (Baker & as American is the avowed aim of the writer, and he Taylor Co.). It is entitled “ The Appreciation of reaches it with marked success. The closing sentence of his brief introduction is pregnant with meaning : the Drama,” and aims to deduce from the experi- ence of the past and the present certain necessary • For a genuine understanding of the government and of the intellectual and moral temper of the people of principles that will form a basis of critical appre- the United States, one must know thoroughly and ciation, on which the playgoer may establish his own well the writings and speeches of three Americans, judgment. He treats of the psychology of the Alexander Hamilton, Abraham Lincoln, and Ralph audience, the plastic and pictorial stage, the actor Waldo Emerson." Dramatic 66 26 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL DIAL > 99 66 > 2 As the date of the Lincoln centenary approaches, NOTES. interest in everything connected with Lincoln's life “ The Romance of American Expansion,” by Mr. H. increases. An important historical study announced for Addington Bruce, which has been appearing in “The early publication is “The Assassination of Abrabam Outlook” during the past year, will be published in book Lincoln,” by Mr. David M. DeWitt, whose scholarly form early in 1909. work on “ The Impeachment and Trial of Andrew English Composition,” by Professors Franklin T. Johnson is known to historical students. Baker and Herbert V. Abbott, is a small text-book for An additional volume in the “ Authentic Edition" of the first years of high school work, published by Messrs. the writings of Charles Dickens is entitled “Miscel- Henry Holt & Co. laneous Papers,” and is published by Messrs. Charles Mr. Charles Frederick Carter is soon to publish a Scribner's Sons. The contents of this volume consist of book entitled “When Railroads Were New," which tells contributions to various newspapers and magazines, now the full story of our first railroads with much picturesque brought together by Mr. B. W. Matz, and filling a vol- detail. The illustrations will be a special feature. ume of over seven hundred closely-printed pages. A pretty little anthology of love poems is compiled James Dennistoun's “Memoirs of the Dukes of by Miss Emily W. Maynadier, and entitled “ A Perfect Urbino" has long been a standard work, but has for Strength” (“ Are not two prayers a perfect strength?”). many years been unprocurable except from the dealers The booklet is published by Messrs. John W. Luce & Co. in second-hand books. No apology is needed for the The Francis D. Tandy Co. publish a little book, edited handsome new edition, in three volumes, which has been by Mr. Tandy, devoted to “ An Anthology of the Epi- edited and annotated by that approved lover of Italy, Mr. grams and Sayings of Abraham Lincoln." There are Edward Hutton. The John Lane Co. publish this work. upwards of two hundred brief passages, collected from The Oliver Ditson Co. send us the first of two volumes various sources. of “ Piano Compositions” by Louis Moreau Gottschalk, Country Walks about Florence," by Mr. Edward with a biographical sketch by Mr. William Arms Fisher. Hutton, is a charming little book of description, with Here we have “ The Last Hope,' ;" « The Maiden's Blush,” many illustrations, by a writer who has many times “ The Dying Poet," and a dozen others of the sentimental proved his fitness to write of things Italian. Messrs. pieces so familiar to the last generation, and so vastly Charles Scribner's Sons are the publishers. better than the “ popular” music upon which the young Mr. H. G. Wells's new novel, “ Tono-Bungay,” will people of to-day are surfeited. be published in book form on January 16. “ Tono- The first fruits of the labors of the recently organized Bungay” is the third real novel that Mr. Wells has Concordance Society come to us in “A Concordance to the produced. He has had it in hand and worked at it inter- English Poems of Thomas Gray,” edited by Professor mittently ever since the publication of “ Kipps” in 1905. Albert S. Cook, and published by the Houghton Mifflin Miss Mary Garden, in “The Tumbler of Our Lady,” Co. The volume is of moderate compass, and its early is attracting much attention from New Yorkers this appearance has been made possible by the friendly col- winter. Massenet's opera is based on a quaint medieval laboration of a dozen or more scholars who have made legend of which a translation by Miss Lucy Kemp Welch the excerpts and read the proofs. has been published recently in Messrs. Duffield's “ New The popularity of Mr. George P. Upton's handbook, Mediæval Library." “ The Standard Operas,” is evidenced by the announce- “ The Emmanuel Movement, Its Principles, Methods ment of the publishers that they are just putting to and Results,” is announced for spring publication by press the fifth printing of the new illustrated edition. Messrs. Moffat, Yard & Co. The authors are Drs. This edition was first issued in October, 1896, at which Elwood Worcester and Samuel McComb, some of time the book was entirely rewritten and illustrations whose lectures recently given in New York City will added. The work originally was published in 1885, was form a part of the work. revised in 1896, then reset in 1906, and the present is the The dramatic rights of “A Little Brother of the twenty-fourth edition of the book since the beginning. Rich” have been acquired by Messrs. Liebler & Co., The Champlain Society of Toronto has decided to of New York, who have already arranged with the undertake, with Mr. H. P. Biggar as editor, a transla- Grand Opera House of Chicago to stage the play for tion of the complete works of Champlain, and at the the first time at that theatre on January 18 next. Mr. same time to reprint the French text. The whole Patterson will dramatize the novel himself. work will run to four considerable volumes. Mr. A new book by the author of that delightful volume, Biggar is known as the author of " The Early Trading “ Confessio Medici,” is announced by The Macmillan Companies of New France,” and other historical works. Co. The title is « Faith and Works of Christian The publications of the Society are in limited editions Science,” and the various chapters will deal with such of 500 copies — 250 for members and 250 for subscrib- subjects as The Reality of Nature, Disease and Pain, ing libraries. Common Sense and Christian Science, and Authority Following up the success of Dr. Walton's “Why and Christian Science. Worry?” which has gone through five editions in six Messrs. Ginn & Co. publish for the “International months, the Messrs. Lippincott expect to publish this School of Peace" a valuable work containing the “ Texts month another volume on an allied subject by Dr. of the Peace Conferences at The Hague, 1899 and J. A. Mitchell. It will be called “ Self Help for the 1907.” The texts are given in French and English (in Nervous.” Among the outdoor books planned by the parallel columns), and certain related documents, such same publishers for the spring season are « The Home as the Geneva Convention and the United States Articles Garden,” a new volume by Mr. Eben E. Rexford, of War, are given in an appendix. The work is edited author of “ Four Seasons in the Garden," and a book by Mr. James Brown Scott, and prefaced by Mr. Elihu on the subject of wild flowers by Dr. George L. Walton, W. Root. author of “Why Worry.” 1909.] 27 THE DIAL TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. January, 1909. Advertisement. Edward S. Martin. Atlantic. 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Book publishers and book journals are alike sustained by a book public. The people who read book journals are the ones who buy books. Daily papers and miscel- laneous journals have miscellaneous read- ers, some of whom are bookish people. All the readers of a book journal are bookish people. THE DIAL is preeminently a book journal, published solely in the interests of the book class, - the literary and culti- vated class. THE HE DIAL is more generally consulted and depended upon by LIBRARIANS in making up ORDERS FOR BOOKS than any other American critical journal; it circu- lates more widely among RETAIL BOOK- SELLERS than any other journal of its class; it is the accustomed literary guide and aid of thousands of PRIVATE BOOK-BUYERS, covering every section of the country. 1909.] 31 THE DIAL The Home Poetry Book We have all been wanting so long. OUR LIBRARY SERVICE WE have recently supplemented our service to Libraries. by procuring Out-of-Print and Scarce Books, and by importing English books. Our EDUCATIONAL CATALOGUE contains a full list of Supplementary Reading, indicating the grade to which each title is adapted. Our CLEARANCE CATALOGUE contains overstock at special prices, and an alphabetical arrangement by authors of all cheap editions of Recent Popular Fiction and Standard Library 12mos in one list. Our LIBRARY CATALOGUE of 3500 approved titles, fol- lowing A. L. A. lines, is of great convenience to small libraries. Our MONTHLY BULLETIN notices promptly every new book of importance. These Catalogues are sent on request. Three notable features of our service are: promptness, thoroughness, and low prices. THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO. WHOLESALE DEALERS IN THE BOOKS OF ALL PUBLISHERS 33 East Seventeenth Street, New York Edited by FRANCIS F. 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The selections in “GOLDEN POEMS"are classi- fied according to their subjects: By the Fire- side; Nature's Voices; Dreams and Fancies; Friendship and Sympathy; Love; Liberty and Patriotism; Battle Echoes; Humor; Pathos and Sorrow; The Better Life; Scattered Leaves. "GOLDEN POEMS,” with its wide appeal, at- tractively printed and beautifully bound, makes an especially appropriate Christmas gift. In two styles binding, ornamental cloth and flex- ible leather. Of booksellers, or the publishers, A. C. McCLURG & CO., CHICAGO. Price, $1.50. OF INTEREST to LIBRARIANS WE OLDEN OEMS GOLDEN POEMS TUTTED BY 13ROWNE E are now handling a larger per- centage of orders from Public Libraries, School and College Libraries, than any other dealer in the entire country. This is because our book stock, covering all classes and grades of books, is more com- plete than that of any other book- seller in the United States, enabling us to make full and prompt ship- ments. Also, because we have a well equipped department looking after this special branch of the business. EDITED BY FRANCIS E BROWNE Goa A. C. MCCLURG & CO. LIBRARY DEPARTMENT CHICAGO 32 [Jan. 1, 1909. THE DIAL The Magapin you need a magazine that keeps you in touch with the life and progress of our day . 3100 Year Pure » Coa ACURRENT LITERATURE CURRENT LITERATURE is an illustrated review of the world's opinions and the world's events. It keeps the busy man and woman thoroughly posted, and is an ideal magazine for every home-of interest to each member of the family. Every de- partment of human interest is treated: Edited by EDWARD J. WHEELER TO AN ILLUSTRATED NEWS MAGAZINE OF CURRENT LIFE Review of the World. Persons in the Fore. ground. Literature and Art. Music and the Drama. Science and Discovery. Religion and Ethics. Recent Poetry. Recent Fiction. The Humor of Life. 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Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current terms that invited much sarcastic comment, that number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub- “ the art of fiction has, in fact, become a finer scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All com art than it was with Dickens and Thackeray. munications should be addressed to We could not suffer the confidential attitude of THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. the latter, nor the mannerism of the former, Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. any more than we could endure the prolixity of Richardson or the coarseness of Fielding.” But No. 542. JANUARY 16, 1909. Vol. XLVI. it seems fair to urge that we do suffer the con- fidential attitude of, let us say, Mr. De Morgan, CONTENTS. and the mannerism of Sir George Meredith THE NEW REALISM 35 without feeling that we are going critically very CASUAL COMMENT 37 far wrong. And we can without much difficulty Professor Rudolf Eucken. The indisputable fancy some critic a score of years hence claims of Greek literature and art. The excite- dering how it was that much popular fiction of ment of reading an index. — The new journalism in China. — The making of many monographs. - the period about 1900 could have been taken The public library habit in olden times. - Mr. for serious literature, in view of its lack-lustre Spofford's successor at Washington. — The Berlin Royal Library's ampler quarters. — New York's manner, its photographic hardness of line, its “New Theatre.” — The possibilities of the corre- preoccupation with trivialities, and its dulness spondence school. – Mrs. Ward in a new environ- of imagination. Our supposititious critic would ment. — The literature of library economy. be as wide of the truth, as unjust in his balanc- COMMUNICATIONS 40 ing of values, as was his actual prototype above Esperanto and the Esperantists. E. Le Clercq. Biographized” as a Dictionary Word. Titus M. cited, and both would appear, to a vision trained Coan. in observation of the ebb and flow of literary FIFTY YEARS AN ACTRESS. Percy F. Bicknell. 41 fashions, to have mistaken the accident for the THE UNITED STATES IN THE GAME OF substance, to have failed in discernment of the WORLD POLITICS. Frederic Austin Ogg 43 qualities which make literature vital and en- EARLY SPANISH ARTS AND CRAFTS. George during Griffin Brownell 45 The pressure of every age remoulds the stuff THE YOUTH OF MIRABEAU. Henry E. Bourne. 48 of life to its own liking, and invests it with the RECENT AMERICAN POETRY. William Morton garb of what at the given time passes for reality. Payne 48 The Poems of Edmund Clarence Stedman. — The A clothes-philosophy is as needful for the under- Poems of Richard Watson Gilder. - The Poems standing of literature as Carlyle showed it to be and Sonnets of Louise Chandler Moulton. for the understanding of morals, but criticism Hughes's James Vila Blake as Poet. — Cheney's The Time of Roses. — Smith's Poems. -- Herbert's does not often get far enough away from its First Poems. - Braithwaite's The House of Falling object to see the trappings for what they are, Leaves.--Gibson's The Wounded Eros.-Carruth's Each in His Own Tongue.- Middleton's Love Songs or to distinguish true from sham reality. It is and Lyrics. — Dalliba's An Earth Poem. - Ives's universal life that really matters, not the guise Out-Door Music. — Poole's Mugen. that life assumes in any particular age. As Mr. BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS Woodberry says, “ The secret of appreciation Mr. Chesterton's confession of faith.-A new poeti- is to share the passion for life that literature cal rendering of the Æneid. — Factors in the creation of the American drama. — Essays on itself exemplifies and contains : out of real ex- Elizabethan dramatists. — Current topics trench- perience, the best that one can have, to possess antly treated. — An unconvincing theory of mind. - oneself of that imaginary experience which is A plea for personality in education. - Studies of our national life and progress. — The story of our the stuff of larger life and the place of the ideal whaling industry in America. expansion of the soul, the gateway to which is NOTES 56 art in all forms and primarily literature ; to LIST OF NEW BOOKS 57 avail oneself of that for pleasure and wisdom . - - 52 - . 36 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL > - > a and fulness of life.” It is well, for most of us Alden's pages, we grow more and more bewil- it is necessary even, that life should be con- dered. One William Smith, an estimable con- stantly presented anew, since its familiar modes tributor to “ Blackwood's Magazine,” was, we are those which are most likely to bring to our are told, the author of the "two greatest philo- consciousness its more secret and intimate mes- sophical novels in the English language, but sage. This principle concerns the historian, we defy all casual readers, and most students of no less than the novelist or the poet. Signor English literature, to name them. The phrase, Ferrero just now is giving a new reality to the “from Sidney Smith to Charles Whibley,” is at annals of ancient Rome by relating them from least a singular way of designating the line of the sociological angle of vision whence our " the great English essayists.” And we never present-day consciousness finds it most natural saw quite such a jumble of names some fairly to view human affairs, whether past or present. noteworthy and some absolutely insignificant He tells the same old story, but gives it fresh as Mr. Alden gives us upon a single page (179) effectiveness by linking with it all sorts of by way of exemplifying “the new quality of familiar associations. So the imaginative writer imaginative writing.' It would be unkind for will make his strongest appeal by keeping close us even to mention some of them in such a con- to an idiom that is understanded of the people, nection, and the best of them seem but shadows only he must not, upon peril of swift forgetful- when compared with the names of the beacon ness, lapse from the essential dignity of his lights of our literature. We can easily agree mission, or forget that he is one of the long with the author when he says: “Mrs. Ward succession of torch-bearers that are lighting the is probably not a greater genius than Fielding, path of humanity pressing toward its ultimate any more than the intellect of Herbert Spencer goal. was greater than that of Aristotle, or the crea- Mr. Henry Mills Alden has recently given us tive power of Tennyson mightier than that of whole book about what he calls “ the new real- Æschylus.” But what are we to make of the ism,” “ the new literature," and "the new psychi- implied suggestion that the members of such cal era," and he really seems to think that the strangely-assorted couples are for one moment thoughts of men, as expressed in their imagina- to be thought of as occupying the same intel- tive writings, have become so “ widened with the lectual plane? process so clarified by science and We have made some effort to find out just philosophy, that literature has at last come to what are the qualities of the new realism” that its full stature. The works of Scott were mere Mr. Alden claims to have discovered. As far literary gropings in comparison with the novels as his elusive method admits of logical statement, of “the greatest master of English fiction,” Mr. such passages as the following offer the best Thomas Hardy, or even with the writings of the available clues to his thought : modern magazinist, whose firm and assured step “We take the evil along with the good, making no makes the great men of the past seem stumblers problem of their reconcilement, since they are elements by comparison. A new “ Faerie Queene” would in a natural solution." be unwelcome to-day, and a new “ Republic “ Literature, rejecting the unreal, has become homely of feature, with home-like sympathies, graces, and would fall upon dull ears. 66 We do not want charms, and at the same time more subtle and wonder- another Dickens. We are willing to turn him ful in its disclosure of the deep truths of life than it ever over with that other old playwright, Shake- was in its detachment from life or in its reflection of a speare, to the tender mercies of Tolstoy.” life which has not found its true centre in a spiritual harmony and was therefore itself untrue, wearing all The modern magazine, that instrument which sorts of illusive or monstrous disguises." brings the writer “ into intimate accord with the “ The very content of the art, the kind of human idiomatic expression of a general audience,” has phenomena emerging at the stage of psychical evolution so refined our standards that the present age which we have reached, is unprecedented. All the old be said to be the only one which has the signs fail us; the well-worn tokens have given place to may an ever-fresh coinage. The creations of the human complete retrospect within the range of its clear spirit are wholly its own, born of it, not made in con- vision and catholic appreciation.” If we mod- formity with any logical proposition or mental notion, erns, in comparison with our predecessors in and they bear no stamp of extraneous authority; what- literature, “ do not loom up in so singular and ever of divinity they may have is in their purely human genesis." striking eminences, we strike deeper and have a Formerly the imagination dwelt in the house of broader vision.” Fame, exalting heroic or saintly deeds and personali- As these amazing dicta multiply in Mr. ties; now it is not busy with things that are memo- of the suns, 1909.] 37 THE DIAL - 66 ) rable or monumentally lasting; it dwells in the house of Life.” CASUAL COMMENT. This is the best that we can do in the way of PROFESSOR RUDOLF EUcken, the winning “dark exposition. Probably these ideas are all implicit horse” in the Nobel-prize race — though it should in the single phrase, “ It is the mild season in not be for a moment thought that he was voluntarily literature," which evokes our hearty agreement, or consciously a competitor — is an interesting and Prominent although we cannot interpret the saying in Mr. attractive as well as highly gifted man. Alden's sense. in German philosophic and speculative thought for It is certainly a mild kind of literature that is purveyed by the type of maga- writer and teacher was little known to the outside the last third of a century, this Jena scholar and zine with which the author has been associated world until about six years ago. An idealist in for forty years, but all its graces and refine- philosophy, and a Lutheran in religion, he repudi- ments cannot disguise its obvious lack of virility ates the notion, entertained by his friend and and penetrating vision. neighbor, Professor Haeckel, of a mechanical and To support his thesis respecting the new real- necessarian universe and a materialistic origin of ism, Mr. Alden is forced to postulate a new spiritual forces. The two men are earnest and human nature, and he does not balk at the enthusiastic students of the same great problems ; necessity. Since 1870, he tells us, there has but how different the solutions they arrive at ! been “a new era of psychical evolution, involv- · Nobody since Martineau,” says one who knows Professor Eucken well and is thoroughly familiar ing something far deeper than an increased re- with his writings, “has written more eloquently or finement in manners - a revolution in human thought more deeply concerning the reality of a thought and feeling, a changed attitude toward super-sensual world, the inevitableness of a self- life and the world." Furthermore, “ within revelation of divine purpose to the human soul, the the memory of men who have reached the age necessity of a spiritual rebirth through ethical en- of fifty the human spirit has found its true deavor, the freedom of man's moral personality, and centre of active development and of interpreta- its continuance beyond the limitations of space and tion — its real modernity, which does not mean time.” His published works, which unite depth of the depreciation of the past, but a deeper and thought, elevation of tone, and charm of style, are truer appreciation, nor any break in the con- as yet little known to English readers ; but his most famous book, “ The Problem of Human Life as tinuity of culture, which is rather led into Viewed by the Great Thinkers,” is even now in fresher and more fertile fields of expansion." We fear that this disclaimer will not avail to published soon. process of translation into our language, and will be It is not surprising to learn that offset that “ depreciation of the past ” which is miracles have no place in his universe of law and implicit in the whole argument of the book. order, that divine attributes have never been granted However the fashion of literary expression may exclusively to any one man, that there has never change from age to age, the substance of thought the substance of thought been a special creation of the world or a special remains about the same, and in the deeper sense revelation to any favored race. In personal appear- we have no problems that the ancients did not ance, to one who visited him at Jena, Professor Eucken appeared as ponder. The angle of our vision is shifted, but " a square-built man, a little under the normal size, blond in type, betraying his the object viewed remains fixed. Mr. Alden's sturdy Frisian descent from a stock said to resemble effort to reveal in this twentieth century a new most among Germans the English race. Threescore literature and a new human nature seems to us years have silvered his hair and beard and furrowed nothing more than an elaborate mystification. his brow. Nothing could surpass the simplicity, And, far from taking our current modes of ex- genuineness, and heartiness of his greeting. One pression to be praiseworthy, we think that they could well understand the saying of his pupils that err in over-subtlety and preciosity. The London Professor Eucken wins not only their admiration as “ Nation” recently said : “ Irrationalism in a teacher, but their affection as a man." There is various shapes is for the moment the dominant cause for congratulation in the better acquaintance with this man and his works that we are now in the note in every department of life, and it is at way of making least as powerful in philosophy as in sociology and in literature.” As far as literature is THE INDISPUTABLE CLAIMS OF GREEK LITER- concerned, we take this fact — since fact it - ATURE AND ART have a valiant champion in Pro- seems to us - to be the direct outcome of our fessor Mahaffy, who has come all the way from Dublin to remind us once more, in a course of departure from the approved ways, of our fev- Lowell Institute lectures, that if we choose to for- erish desire to find new things to say, and new get the glory that was Greece, and to make the ways of saying them. “practical" the idol of our worship, we are likely " 38 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL - than ours, soon to be confronted with the paradox that the most well as physical deterioration race suicide and all practical of all are the things that are beautiful and its horrors is obvious. “Polly Stevens's Calf's useless. Some of the lecturer's reported utterances Skin" vies in piquancy of appeal with three articles outside the lecture room are worth quoting. To him on Marco Polo that immediately follow. « Author- Greek is by no means a dead language. “To con- ship and Artificiality” has fine possibilities ; and sider a language dead which is the medium of com- so, too, it may be, to other eyes the page munication of a numerous people is sufficiently and a quarter of automobile headings may look absurd on the face of things. Its living importance irresistibly captivating. But the charm of the is too little considered in the teaching of it. The mysteriously suggestive is not confined to Poole. mistake has been that students are not made to hear Take so apparently forbidding an index as that to the language. Its study ought to be supplemented the weekly “Financial Supplement” of the New by discourse in modern Greek.” He even maintains York “ Evening Post.” In its twelve closely printed that the pronounciation of modern Greek is fairly columns occur such richly potential titles as these :- close to that of ancient. The doing away with com- “ Hard Times, Meeting with Courage,” “Hard pulsory Greek in the college course he deplores. Times, Enterprises which may be helped by,” An idea gets abroad that Latin will do ; but I Magnates, Illness of,” “ Optimists,” « Chelsea notice that our finest type of scholar still takes Fire, Destruction of Capital seen in another Mood,” Greek studies. As an examiner, I constantly have “ Chicago, one Industry there that is looking up." brought to my attention the difference between those How comforting the assurance that while all other who have and those who have not submitted to a Chicago industries go about with eyes downcast, drill in the classics. Those who come up for exam- there is still one that bravely and hopefully looks ination in French and German make mistakes which up and not down, forward and not back, out and not no classical scholar would ever make. The ushers in, and lends a hand! Who, we beg leave to in- who teach the modern languages are not so proficient; quire, can find this a dull world as long as there are their services come at a cheaper rate, and a general indexes to read ? relaxation of the standards of scholarship sets in.” THE NEW JOURNALISM IN China is one of the Surprising to relate, our Dublin visitor finds one of forces making for the enlightenment of that vast the strongest characteristics of American scholarship realm. More than two hundred to be “ its extreme laboriousness.” He further says: have newspapers “ Professor Goodwin set the fashion with his Greek been started within the last few years, and active Grammar, and the rest have followed. . . . Amer. published but read. In some of the provinces the measures are taken to ensure their being not only ican scholars tend to be more minute even than the Germans, and if they have a failure it is just that, - viceroys provide public halls where the illiterate the emphasis on the grammatical. In one respect, gather to hear the news read aloud. Hitherto the however, America ought to take the first rank, and chief newspapers of China were conducted by for- that is in the finely systematized and organized eigners and were mostly in the English language ; libraries. I have noticed this wherever I have and even now many native newspapers publish a gone, column or more of matter in English. China ought especially at Harvard and Chicago.” There is com- to have a vigorous native press, for it is the home of pliment in both the censure and the praise ; but that what we are yet conspicuously at fault in being unduly the world- was, until a year ago, the oldest newspaper in - fifteen centuries or more old. It ceased minute and painstaking in our scholarship, is open to question. publication because of its resentment at government interference with its claimed rights and privileges. THE EXCITEMENT OF READING AN INDEX may It is expected that the modern newspaper will act not be the most thrilling in the world, but, given a as a powerful battering-ram on this Asiatic strong- sympathetic and imaginative reader, it is consider- hold of ignorance and superstition and stupid con- able. This is the season of the annual index - the servatism. But the daily issue of a journal that way-finder to the past year's treasures of periodical uses type embracing eleven thousand different char- literature. In his latest volume of essays Dr. acters is an undertaking whose magnitude none but Crothers expressed his preference for the dictionary a compositor can appreciate. if he were obliged to choose one book to relieve the tedium of solitary existence on a desert island. Far THE MAKING OF MANY MONOGRAPHS on economic more stimulating, however, and infinitely richer in themes was strongly deprecated by Professor Patten suggestion, would be a volume of Poole's Index. of the University of Pennsylvania in his presidential Opening the latest instalment of that indispensable address at the late annual meeting of the American work, we hit upon such attractive and curiously Economic Association at Atlantic City. In his juxtaposed entries as the following: “Revel of opinion, our libraries are congested with those pon- the Sacred Cats ” and, immediately after,“ Revela- derous volumes of transactions and proceedings, tion, Divine, Need of Belief in ”; “ Determined technical journals, and special studies, that accumu- Celibate” and, just before it, “ Deterioration, Na- late so rapidly, take up so much room, are so little tional” and “ ditto, Physical.” The causal connec- read and, let it be added, are often such a source tion between determined celibacy and national as of bother aud perplexity to the cataloguer. He а 1909.] 39 THE DIAL 9 resources. urges the economist to abandon the dry and tech- ignorant People.” “ The History of the New York nical treatment of his subject, to write for the news- Society Library," with an introductory account of papers and magazines, and to "arouse the imagina-“The Library in Colonial New York” from 1698 to tion by striking phrases and vivid contrasts.” 1776, has been well written by Mr. Austin Baxter Furthermore, spurning the pile of learned tomes Keep, and printed for the Trustees by the De Vinne bequeathed to us by the earlier economists, he does Press. not hesitate to declare that “ there is no renown MR. SPOFFORD'S SUCCESSOR AT WASHINGTON as worth having but that of the newspaper and the assistant librarian appears to be a man of mark. magazine and the class-room,” and that “there can be no economic literature apart from general liter- Mr. A. P. C. Griffin, former chief of the division of ature. We give the content to which others give bibliography, is endowed in no small measure with the form. To separate ourselves from the general distinguished his predecessor. No one has been more some of those qualities of mind and memory that literary movements of the age is to deprive our- selves of influence, and literature of content.” He in demand on the part of congressmen and others exalts the editor, advises his hearers to desert the engaged in “getting up” subjects for oratorical or library for the sanctum, and speaks with no pro- argumentative or literary presentation. We are told that so much has bibliography become the warp found respect for the reputation based on books that no one reads. The economist should take his and woof of his being that his brain is now a better place on the firing line of civilization. "No fact and more complete catalogue than any the library is valuable to the economist unless it is also valuable possesses. Without a moment’s warning he is likely to the journalist who summarizes events, the editor to be called upon for information on any conceiv- who comments on them, and the reformer who uses able subject; but he is said to be unfailing in his them.” This manifestation, on Professor Patten's No library in the world enjoys the serv- ices of one who takes greater pains to satisfy the part, of a reaction from excessive specialization is a wholesome sign; and yet it is also a danger signal, public; and this unflagging zeal, and the quickness with which books or other material, or verbal in- for it may serve as encouragement to superficiality, formation, are forthcoming at the applicant's request, dilettanteism, the courting of popular applause, and various other sorts of unscholarly conduct. His are a constant source of surprise to foreigners. The British Museum, the National Library in Paris, and exhortation is for the Dryasdusts ; let all others listen with mental reservations. the great Berlin and Munich libraries are justly praised for the careful service they render to all THE PUBLIC LIBRARY HABIT IN OLDEN TIMES admitted to their privileges; but it is conceded by was rather slow of acquirement, partly for the very those who have worked in libraries both here and sufficient reason that public libraries were few and abroad that our methods are simpler and better, and far between, and also because, in this country at our librarians and assistants less bureaucratic than least, so many other things, of more urgent import- those of Europe. It is the quick intelligence, the , ance than keeping abreast of the literature of the ready sympathy, and the well-stored minds of men day, were clamoring to be done. In the autumn of and women like Mr. Griffin that help to make the 1754, just after a shipment of books for the New practical efficiency of our libraries unequalled. York Society Library had arrived from London, there appeared in the New York “Mercury” this THE BERLIN ROYAL LIBRARY'S AMPLER QUAR- timely and stirring exhortation : “We hope that all TERS, into which it will soon move, if indeed the re- who have a Taste for polite Literature, and an moval has not already been accomplished, will make Eager Thirst after Knowledge and Wisdom, will possible, one may confidently hope, far better and now repair to those Fountains and Repositories from prompter service than was rendered in the old build- whence they can, by Study, be collected. ing. Some of our readers may recall the tedious heartily wish that the glorious Motives of acquiring wait of twenty-four hours between application for that which alone distinguishes human Nature (we and delivery of books under the old régime. No mean Science and Virtue joined to the noble Prin- wonder German visitors to our great libraries are ciples of being useful to Mankind and more espe- astonished at the quickness and informality with cially to our dear Country) will be sufficient to excite which the resources of those libraries are placed at the most Lethargic, to peruse the Volumes pur- the applicant's disposal. From the latest annual chased for this End by Means of the Advice and report of Dr. Adolph Harnack, general director of Endeavours of Gentlemen whom we and future the great Berlin institution, it is interesting to learn Generations will have reason, we hope, to praise that the library now has a million and a quarter and extoll: and whom we cannot help saying are volumes, that it employs forty-five librarians, fifty- an Honour to their Country : We finally wish that seven assistants of both sexes, forty-five attendants, New York, now she has an opportunity, will show and so on, the whole force numbering more than that she comes not short of the other Provinces in one hundred and fifty. Last year there were lent Men of excellent Genius, who by cultivating the 344,000 volumes in Berlin, and 36,000 elsewhere, Talents of Nature, will take off that Reflection cast while the average daily demand in the reading-room us by the neighboring Colonies of being an was 888. Sixteen persons are constantly engaged And we on 40 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL shall we say - in cataloguing, and the number of leaves added of bravery and modesty, of altruism and self-denial, during the last twelve months to the catalogue- of truthfulness and charity and self-control. The an ungainly, space-filling series of folio manuscript lowering of letter-rates, now going on, will help not volumes was about 6700, the number of titles a little in this matter about 18,000. The accessions, in new and old vol- umes, amounted to 57,000. The music department, MRS. WARD IN A NEW ENVIRONMENT excites now two years old, has received many gifts from one's curiosity. Will she, in her “Marriage à la music-publishers, and is already so important a Mode,” which begins in the current number of part of the library that it furnishes employment to “McClure's Magazine," succeed in avoiding those twenty persons. little betrayals of unfamiliarity with our ways and traditions that are all but inevitable in European New York's “New THEATRE,” the corner-stone pictures of American society? The story opens of which was recently laid although the building well, with a visit to Mt. Vernon on the part of the itself is outwardly nearly completed - gives promise chief characters, and just about enough of reference of achievement long desired by friends of high-class to the historic interest and the natural beauties of drama. And the wealth that is behind the enter- the spot ; but a conversation, on the way back to prise wealth pledged to self-denial in the matter Washington, between the hero and heroine, on the of pecuniary gain - inspires reasonable hope that at subject of divorce as practised in this land of free- least monetary considerations will not bring to igno-dom, rather tends to wearisomeness and platitude. minious failure this latest and most considerable At any rate, it is not exactly novel to American attempt to elevate the stage. The reported plans of readers. A passing reference to a lumber king of the administration make agreeable reading, to say Illinois might (perhaps unjustifiably) suggest the the least. Only the best plays, whether classic or query whether Mrs. Ward conceives of the Prairie modern, are to be presented; “stars ” will not be State as still covered with primeval forest. What encouraged to scintillate at the expense of the com- she will do for lack of English politics and English pany as a whole, which company, it is hoped, will nobility to supply the necessary be virtually an “all-star” organization, so that the longueurs ? we wait with considerable interest to playwright will be enabled to bring his conceptions discover. to the fullest developnient; a certain low annual rental the theatre will be expected to earn, but any THE LITERATURE OF LIBRARY ECONOMY, already income above expenses will go toward perfecting the considerable in volume, is still growing. Although work undertaken. The courting of custom is thus one cannot learn from books, or even by taking a provided against (it is hoped), and also the necessity course in a correspondence university, how to manage of earning a certain income will obviate the danger a library with entire success, it is indispensable to of altogether ignoring public opinion and succumb- acquire in some way a right theory as the guiding ing to that complacent apathy which unfortunately principle of one's daily practice. A serial work characterizes some of the European subsidized play- descriptive of the methods pursued by the Newark houses. Further developments, with the opening of (N.J.) Public Library has been undertaken by Mr. the New Theatre next November, will be watched John Cotton Dana, with the aid of his assistants in with interest not unmixed with anxiety. the Newark library. “Modern American Library Economy” is the title of the work, and the first sec- THE POSSIBILITIES OF THE CORRESPONDENCE tion of the first part --- treating of " The Registration SCHOOL seem not yet to have been half exhausted. Desk,” the Part as a whole having to do with “The Not only can everything in languages and literature, Delivery Department ” — is now issued from the Illustra- Elm Tree Press of Woodstock, Vermont. in art and science, in trades and professions, and in almost every conceivable human industry, be taught lucid explanations and rules. Mr. Dana's is no new tions and facsimiles help to make still clearer the by correspondence; not only can one become a law- yer or a linguist, a painter or a plumber, a carpenter hand in this domain of authorship, and his book or (perhaps) a car-conductor, by subscribing to some promises well. inter-continental correspondence school; but one may also hope by the same means to learn the most effec- tive method of courtship and, finally, to win a wife COMMUNICATIONS. from the school's selected list of candidates for mat- rimony. Friendship, too, as well as love-making, is ESPERANTO AND THE ESPERANTISTS. now taught by mail. In the advertising section (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) of a London literary review occurs this item, most The argument in your issue of the 16th of December, alluring to the friendless : " TO SECURE FRIENDS by an Esperantist, against reforms in Esperanto, is and FRIENDSHIPS join the CORRESPONDENCE CLUB, largely an attack against the person and motives of 10s. 6d.” If the correspondence method proves M. de Beaufront, one of the sponsors of the simplified Esperanto (“ Ido"). These personal remarks I pass equal to teaching virtues and inculcating abstrac- over without answer. tions, how widely beneficent will be its scope! Pres- It then goes on to aver that Esperanto can no more ently we may see classes started in the cultivation be simplified than English could. What a modest : 1909.) 11 THE DIAL . > comparison! English exists primarily for those nations that speak it to-day, the Anglo-Saxons; hence English, The New Books. as a national language, is a fact. Esperanto claims to exist for the whole world; and since the whole world is still very far from speaking Esperanto, Esperanto as a FIFTY YEARS AN ACTRESS.* world-language is still a project. English is the natural Thoroughly wholesome, warmly human, un- tongue of a hundred and thirty millions of men, and has had an individual existence for fifteen centuries; Esper- failingly good-tempered, and finely character- anto does not count a single man among its adepts who istic are the “ Recollections and Reflections” of has learned it as his mother tongue, and it was pub- that long-time stage favorite, Miss Ellen Terry, lished but little more than fifteen years ago. whose book, bearing the main title, “ The Story The correspondent proceeds to name Ostwald of Leipsic, the famous chemist, as an approver of primitive of My Life," appears after various complica- Esperanto. With the same right Washington could be tions and misunderstandings that at one time described as a partisan of King George III., ignoring threatened to cut short its serial issue before all of his later Revolutionary career. The truth is that it had well begun. Reminiscences of the stage to Ostwald, to the philologist Jespersen of Copenhagen, commonly have something of the glamour and to the philosopher Couturat of Paris, and to some other eminent men, the very reform is due; as they found the fascination of the stage itself, and Miss Terry's old Esperanto too full of crudities, cacophonies, and rich store of professional memories, covering illogicalities, to admit of their endorsing it finally as an more than half a century, forms no exception to international auxiliary language. the rule; but her notes and comments on persons The contributor, speaking as self-styled advocate of and scenes and events wholly extra-theatrical the “new generation " (whatever he may mean by that), pleads for the stability of an artificial language against are also full of interest, though necessarily her the reform attempts of “a band of childish malcon- chapters treat most largely of actors and actresses tents.” This childish band (see the names above) has and her own dealings with them. given to Esperanto the firm principles without which it “A child of the stage " she calls herself, her would be, and was heretofore, resting on sand, and father and mother having been players before remained at the mercy of any competent critic. In its simplified and corrected form, Esperanto is no longer an her, and her own stage experience dating from arbitrary mixture of Romance, Teutonic, Slavonic, and 1856, when she was but eight years old. Six Utopian (that is, freely invented) roots, but it obeys out of nine brothers and sisters who grew old the law of maximum internationality. Instead of enough to feel the compelling influence of hered- copying in a slavish way the capricious and inconsistent word-building methods of German, it now has a set of ity and environment took to the stage ; and three rules for forming derivatives according to the uniform are still treading the boards. There were, by dictates of logic. Instead of forcing on printing-offices the way, eleven children in all which makes an alphabet with half a dozen accented letters which are one marvel that the mother ever found time or not met in any, even the least important, language in the world, it can now be printed with the ordinary strength to assume any other part than that of Roman alphabet. Instead of emulating the Slavonic materfamilias. materfamilias. The manifest aptitude of the languages in sibilants, and an infantine wail in diph- eight-year-old Ellen for the stage, as well as her thongs, it is now as easily pronounceable and as eupho- strength of character even as a child, is illus- nious as Italian. Instead of dragging along a system trated by her heroic behavior in a painful acci- of inflections as severe as the dead languages, it has now been modernized by applying to it the simple dent that occurred to her when she was playing common-sense grammar of English. Puck in "A Midsummer Night's Dream Primitive Esperanto was published about twenty her second part on any stage. Coming up years ago by a talented young man of no special philo, through a trap at the end of the last act to de- logical knowledge and of no experience; what unbiased liver the final speech, she had her foot caught examiner can deny that the Parisian experts have ren- dered a service to the world by placing that layman's by a too-speedy closing of the trap-door, and a attempt on strong scientific foundations, and thus mak- toe was broken. Nevertheless, when she had ing it safe against the very changes from which the been extricated, she stifled her screams and sobs zealous correspondent professes to protect the coming and went through with her part, even as many generations? E. LE CLERCQ. an older player has been forced to forget per- Chicago, January 10, 1909. sonal agony and go on with the mimic scene. The child showed herself true mother of the “ BIOGRAPHIZED” AS A DICTIONARY WORD. and she had her salary doubled for (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) doing so. In THE DIAL of January 1, page 9, I read: Bio- graphized (the word is not in the dictionary).” But it Of certain malign influences to which all is, and has been since 1887, in the greatest of diction- followers of the stage are more or less subject aries – the Oxford: with examples from Southey (1800) she thus writes in an early page : and the “Spectator" (1868). Titus M. Coan. New York, January 7, 1909. - a woman 66 THE STORY OF MY LIFE. Recollections and Reflections. By Ellen Terry. Illustrated. New York: The McClure Co. 12 THE DIAL [Jan. 16, . > > time was the scandal which was talked in the theater.s change tour friend had no difficulty in recognizing as a born poet, contrast the following rapid sketch of the better has taken place in this respect at any rate, in conduct. People behave better now, and in our pro- another: fession, carried on as it is in the public eye, behavior is “ That Browning, with his carefully brushed hat, everything. At the Haymarket there were simply no smart coat, and fine society manners, was a poet, always bounds to what was said in the greenroom. One night seemed to me far more incomprehensible than his poetry, I remember gathering up my skirts (we were, I think, which I think most people would have taken straight- playing · The Rivals ’ at the time), making a curtsey, forwardly and read with a fair amount of ease, if certain as Mr. Chippendale, one of the best actors in old comedy enthusiasts had not founded societies for making his I ever knew, had taught me, and sweeping out of the crooked places plain, and (to me) his plain places very room with the famous line from another Sheridan play: crooked.” · Ladies and gentlemen, I leave my character behind Miss Terry rejoices that, although similar me!' I know that this was very priggish of me, but I attempts have been made in Shakespeare's case, am quite as uncompromising in my hatred of scandal now as I was then. Quite recently I had a line to say in they have failed. “Coroners' inquests by learned ' • Captain Brassbound's Conversion, which is a very help- societies can't make Shakespeare a dead man. ful reply to any tale-bearing. As if any one ever The boundless esteem in which Shakespeare is knew the whole truth about anything!'” held by the writer, and her thorough familiarity Charles Reade, who was the means of closing with his plays, show themselves repeatedly in Miss Terry's second interegnum and of recalling quotation and allusion throughout the book. her to the stage a second time, after her second Miss Terry's quick recognition of living genius , trial of married life and domestic happiness, is again illustrated by the following paragraph : plays a conspicuous part in her book. Coming “ The most remarkable men I have known were, with- upon her by chance as he was riding in Hert- out doubt, Whistler and Oscar Wilde. This does not fordshire, where she had hidden herself from imply that I liked them better or admired them more than the others, but there was something about both the world, he abruptly offered her the part of of them more instantaneousiy individual and audacious Philippa in “ The Wandering Heir,” at the than it is possible to describe.” New Queen's Theatre, of which he was the lessee. A good third of the volume has to do with A laughing acceptance on what she thought he Miss Terry's connection with Henry Irving and would consider impossible terms -- she jokingly with the plays produced at the Lyceum. Speak- demanded forty pounds a week --- speedily led ing of Irving's aloofness and reserve and his to an actual engagement on those terms; and inability or unwillingness to form intimate friend- thus the theatre-going world was not deprived ships, the writer questions whether anyone ever of its Miss Terry, before it well knew what it “really knew him.” She believes that he never would have lost. She thus sums up her impres- wholly trusted his friends, and she finds a pos- sions of that many-sided man of genius : sible cause for this lifelong distrust in two “Dear, kind, unjust, generous, cautious, impulsive, experiences of his early days. passionate, gentle Charles Reade. Never have I known “From his childhood up, Henry was lonely. His anyone who combined so many qualities, far asunder as the poles, in one single disposition. He was placid and chief companions in youth were the Bible and Shake- speare. He used to study · Hamlet” in the Cornish turbulent, yet always majestic. He was inexplicable and entirely lovable- - a stupid old dear, and as wise as fields, when he was sent out by his aunt, Mrs. Penberthy, to call in the cows. One day, when he was in one of Solomon! He seemed guileless, and yet had moments of suspicion and craftiness worthy of the wisdom of the deep, narrow lanes common in that part of England, the serpent. One moment he would call me dearest he looked up and saw the face of a sweet little lamb gazing at him from the top of the bank. . . With some child'; the next, with indignant emphasis, · Madam!'” difficulty he scrambled up the bank, slipping often in Intimate memories of other and even more the damp, red earth, threw his arms round the lamb's famous men than Charles Reade abound. Here neck and kissed it. The lamb bit him! ... He had is a pleasant glimpse of Tennyson, in that brief another such set-back when he first went on the stage, and for some six weeks in Dublin was subjected every time when Miss Terry was known as “ Nellie night to groans, hoots, hisses, and cat-calls from audi- Watts”; ences who resented him because he had taken the place In the evening I went walking with Tennyson over of a dismissed favorite. In such a situation an actor is the fields, and he would point out to me the differences not likely to take stock of reasons. The bitterness in the flight of different birds, and tell me to watch their of this Dublin episode was never quite forgotten. It solid phalanxes turning against the sunset, the compact colored Henry Irving's attitude towards the public." wedge suddenly narrowing sharply into a thin line. He These are trivial incidents, it is true, but signi- taught me to recognize the barks of trees and to call wild flowers by their names. He picked me the first bit of ficant as helping to a better understanding of a pimpernel I ever noticed. Always I was quite at ease rather enigmatic character. Miss Terry's cor- with him. He was so wonderfully simple.' dial admiration, esteem, and even love of her With this picture of one poet, whom his young illustrious fellow-player, and the whole history 6 0 CG 1909.] 43 THE DIAL 66 6 of her connection with the Lyceum Theatre and her noteworthy appearances on its stage, are too THE UNITED STATES IN THE GAME OF WORLD POLITICS. * familiar to the general public to call for further reference here. Passing on to the chapter deal- During the winter of 1906-7, the annual ing with America, where Miss Terry made eight series of Harvard lectures provided at the Paris professional tours, we are tempted to quote her Sorbonne on the Hyde foundation was delivered impressions of American women : by Professor Archibald Cary Coolidge, who, Beautifully as the women dress, they talk very being a specialist in international history and little about clothes. I was much struck by their cul- politics, selected, very appropriately, as his sub- ture — by the evidences that they had read far more ject 6. The United States as a World Power." and developed a more fastidious taste than most young Under this same title the lectures, liberally English women. Yet it is all mixed up with extraor- dinary naïveté. The vivacity, the appearance, at least, recast, have lately been put forth in book form. of reality, the animation, the energy of American women With the exception of Professor Latané's delighted me. They are very sympathetic, too, in spite “ America as a World Power," the volume of a certain callousness which comes of regarding constitutes the only attempt that has been made everything in life, even love, as • lots of fun.' I did to present at length and in a scholarly fashion not think that they, or the men either, had much nat- ural sense of beauty. They admire beauty in a curious the part which the United States plays, and has way through their intellect. Nearly every American played, in the great drama of world politics ; girl has a cast of the winged Victory in her room. She and though Professor Coolidge's book is devoted makes it a point of her education to admire it.” predominantly to the decade since the Spanish- Miss Terry is, naturally enough, attached to American War, it does undertake, as Professor the old ways and the old days and somewhat Latané's does not, to bring before the reader doubtful of the superiority of the new. Yet the whole sweep of American foreign policy and she wishes not to be thought a fanatical wor- diplomatic history since 1789. shipper of the past. “Let me pray,” she ex- What is a world power? And at what point claims, " that I, representing the old school, in her history did the United States become a may never look on the new school with the world power? These are inevitable questions, patronizing airs of Old Fitz' and Fanny but difficult ones to answer. Twenty years ago, Kemble. I wish that I could see the new school the expression “ world power” was practically of acting in Shakespeare. Shakespeare must be unknown. To-day it is a commonplace of poli- kept up, or we shall become a third-rate nation!" tical discussion, though admittedly conveying Again and again the writer laments her lack often no scientifically exact meaning. World of experience with the pen. But, perhaps partly powers, as Professor Coolidge conceives them for because of that lack, her chapters have a fresh- purposes of his treatise, are those " which are ness and life about them that attract and hold directly interested in all parts of the world, and the reader's attention. Shrewd reflections and whose voices must be listened to everywhere." bits of keen womanly insight sprinkle her pages Great Britain, France, Russia, Germany, and most agreeably. Speaking of some of Charles the United States belong unquestionably to the Reade's early counsel to her, and her own pres- category; Japan probably does, or at any rate ent increased facility as an actress, she says: “I soon will; China, Austria, Italy, Brazil, the am able to think more swiftly on the stage now Argentine Republic may eventually possess such than at the time Charles Reade wrote to me, world-wide importance, but at present do not. and I only wish I were young enough to take As to the point at which the United States advantage of it. But youth thinks slowly, as became a world power, there is the widest pos- a rule.” And again, of eccentricity she writes : sible diversity of opinion. Early in the year 6. There is all the difference in the world between 1901 a foreign diplomat at Washington made departure from recognized rules by one who has the assertion that, although he had been in learned to obey them, and neglect of them America but a short time, he had seen two dif- through want of training or want of skill or ferent countries the United States before the want of understanding. Before you can be war with Spain, and the United States since that eccentric you must know where the circle is.” war. This was an epigrammatic way of stating The book has a great abundance of appro- the generally accepted fact that the war of 1898 priate illustrations, especially portraits of Miss was a turning-point in our national history. Terry and of Henry Irving in divers characters Whether the great change consisted in the pre- and at different periods of their lives. THE UNITED STATES AS A WORLD POWER. By Archibald PERCY F. BICKNELL. Cary Coolidge, Ph.D. New York: The Macmillan Co. 9 44 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL a a cipitate conversion of the United States into a three upon the relations of the United States world power depends pretty largely upon the with the Orient. The treatment of the vexed meaning one attaches to the phrase "world problems connected with the acquisition and power.' One school of writers maintains that government of our colonial dependencies appeals the United States has always been a world power. to the reader as eminently sane. Prepared, as Another holds that it has never been such, and the chapters originally were, for a foreign audi- is not such to-day. And a third contends that ence, they undertake first of all to recount the dignity, and the perils, of the rank came accurately the history of the Spanish war and only with the Spanish War and the acquisition of the colonial acquisitions, and subsequently to of our colonial dependencies. set forth, in impartial though not colorless Professor Coolidge evidently considers the fashion, the controverted aspects of the Philip- United States as approximating very closely pine question from 1898 to the present day. the status of a world power before the events of The conclusion is that it is yet “too early to 1898, but as in any case clearly exhibiting that sum up the results of American rule in the last character since the epochal changes brought eight years ”; but for a clear and brief state- about by those events. The first five chapters ment of the factors involved, one can hardly do of his book comprise a rapid but suggestive better than read Professor Coolidge's narrative. . sketch of the fundamentals of American foreign The most striking assertions of the claim of relations as developed during the first century the United States to be a world power are those of our national career. Particularly note- which have been made in the Far East; and worthy in a volume of this sort are the discus- probably most readers will agree that those sions of “ Nationality and Immigration” and portions of Professor Coolidge's volume which “ Race Questions,” for these topics constitute are concerned with American interests in the aspects of America's world relations which are Orient are not alone the most timely but also seldom taken account of from the present point the most carefully considered. Following an of view. The space allotted to them affords historical chapter on the United States in the evidence of the fact that Professor Coolidge's Pacific, the author analyzes at length the rela- book is concerned, not simply with diplomacy, tions of the nation, first with China and secondly but with the international relations of the United with Japan. With both of these powers, rela- States in the broadest sense. Somewhat orig- tions are declared at present to exceed in intri- inal, too, is the query which is raised in a chapter cacy and in difficulty, when not in actual on the seemingly thread bare topic of the Monroe importance, those with any power in Europe. Doctrine, as to whether this phase of American And it is also asserted that the position of the foreign policy is to have any bearing upon the United States on the Pacific offers it greater relations of the United States with the Orient. advantages, and imposes upon it graver respon- Upon the territorial limits of the Monroe Doc- sibilities, in its dealings with China and Japan, trine, Captain Mahan is quoted approvingly to than fall to the lot of any European power the effect that " Europe construed by the except Russia. With China the prospect of Monroe Doctrine would include Africa with the American relations is regarded as “clouded, Levant and India, but would not include Japan, though not disheartening,” by reason chiefly of China, nor the Pacific generally." This defi- the inevitable American policy of Chinese ex- nition, though admittedly arbitrary and not clusion and the friction which is more and more necessarily final, is declared to represent fairly likely to spring from it. With Japan, the out- well the present geographical limits of the look is also distinctly less serene than formerly. Doctrine in the American mind. Obviously, Professor Coolidge, in speaking of American- the Americans, in forbidding Asiatic interfer- Japanese relations, says: ence in the western hemisphere, cannot fall back “ We may as well recognize that the two countries upon the argument of reciprocity which they can never again be on quite the same terms that they apply to Europe. were ten years ago. Their feelings toward one another may be of the most cordial kind, but both have changed The body of Professor Coolidge's volume falls too much for the old relation, which was almost that into four principal parts, consisting successively of benevolent teacher and eager pupil, to be possible in of four chapters on the Spanish-American war the future. The Americans are no longer the mildly and its effects, four on the recent relations of interested spectators in the Far East that they once the United States with the world powers of were, and Japan has outgrown the need of their tutelage. Europe, three on the dealings of the United In the past they have applauded her successes, some- times without stopping to consider whether these would States with her American neighbors, and, finally, in the end be to their advantage; and now they can 1909.) 45 THE DIAL claim no grievance if her altered position gives her new discusses gold, silver, and jewel work, iron work, interests and inspires her with new ambitions which are bronzes, and arms. Here he shows himself at not invariably in accord with their own desires. Amer- ica, who has grown to be the rival of so many older home, giving us the interesting results of long states, cannot complain when she in her turn is con- study under most favorable advantages. In fronted by the rivalry of a younger one. The world is the second and third volumes, which treat of still large enough for many nations to compete without furniture, ivories, pottery, glass, and textile quarrelling; but when the aspirations of one conflict with those of another, it serves no good purpose to blink fabrics, he quotes largely from Spanish and the truth. It is saner to accept the situation frankly, French authorities, accompanying his transla- and to try to see what can reasonably be expected on tions however with a valuable running com- both sides; for without such an understanding, a fair mentary. Surely a man may be excused for adjustment cannot be arrived at.” not showing the same degree of intimacy with One may well wish that Professor Coolidge's all the crafts, from iron to lace; while inasmuch international philosophy were certain of univer- as almost nothing has been published until now sal acceptance. It is at least comfortable to in English upon Spanish craftsmanship, the believe that the candor and logic with which attempt to spread over the whole ground should he has written will not fail of effect wherever not be censured too severely. his volume shall be read. It is not often that Mr. Williams traces the history of each craft, a book is brought out simultaneously in three and gives descriptions and photographs of its languages. The United States as a World earliest and most important examples. Gold Power" has had that honor, appearing within and silver objects, owing to their durability and a few weeks in English, French, and German the care given to their preservation, furnish editions. It is distinctly to be hoped that it will some of the oldest specimens of the skill and command the attention which the temper, per taste of early craftsmen. Visigothic crowns haps more conspicuously than the scholarship, still exist which date back to the seventh cen- of the volume so abundantly deserves. tury. Many royal treasures of later ages, FREDERIC AUSTIN OGG. caskets, table ornaments, custodia, crosses, and altars have been guarded in private palaces or in those great storehouses the cathedrals. Often the delicacy of form or decoration proves the EARLY SPANISH ARTS AND CRAFTS.* workmanship to be of greater value than the The publishers of The World of Art Series" precious material. The names, dates, and spe- cialties of the most celebrated craftsmen make have done well to secure the author of - The Land of the Dons” to prepare for them a work an interesting catalogue, but the list dwindles with the expulsion of the Moors and the dis- on “The Arts and Crafts of Older Spain.” Probably no man to-day, not a Spaniard, is covery of America. By the time that the gold and silver of the New World began to pour into equally familiar with that country. Long a Seville the whole country was in an impoverished resident of Madrid as correspondent of the Lon- state and had lost her best native craftsmen. don “ Times,” and now a corresponding member of the Royal Spanish Academy, the Royal cularly after the royal pragmatic of 1623 Foreign artificers in consequence (parti- Spanish Academy of History, and the Royal Spanish Academy of Fine Arts, Mr. Leonard encouraging their immigration), attracted by Williams represents to this generation, as the treasure fleets that anchored in the bay of Richard Ford did to the last, the chief English pockets from the national purse, fashioning, in Cadiz, came trooping into Spain and filled their authority upon Spanish life and customs. The present material could have been gathered only abroad, luxurious gold and silver objects that return for money which they husbanded and sent by one thoroughly conversant with the Spanish language and intimately acquainted with the were merely destined to stagnate within her churches and cathedrals.” A century later for- libraries, public and private art collections, and the people themselves. tunes were everywhere spent in luxurious dis- Considered mathematically, the three vol play, the very pies at banquets being washed umes contain 834 pages, 173 full-page plates, with gold or silver. It is to this period that we owe some of the finest treasures preserved to-day. and 97 titles of books consulted. Volume for volume the first is the best. An inventory of the ducal house of Albu- In it the author querque is quoted, showing fourteen hundred dozen plates, with a corresponding number of Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co. gold and silver cups, bowls, trenchers, salt- By Leonard *THE ARTS AND CRAFTS OF OLDER SPAIN. Williams. In three volumes. Illustrated. 46 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL cellars, and spoons, also a mighty sideboard leaves us our illusion, saying : “ It is certain that mounted by forty silver stairs. This love of the archives of the cathedral have been deposited lavish display, and the satisfaction of it made in this chest for many centuries. Evidently, too, possible by the sudden great wealth from it dates from about the lifetime of the Cid, while America, together with the Spanish tenacity in the rings with which it is fitted show it to have preserving what is old, make Spain a more been a kind of trunk intended to be carried on profitable field of study than many a more pro- the backs of sumpter-mules or horses." gressive country. Throughout the book many side-lights are In iron work the splendid rejas or grills are thrown upon the customs and daily life of older among the glories of Spain. Mr. Williams Spain by means of excerpts from chronicles, gives as much space as is possible in a work fueros, inventories, and municipal ordinances. of this character to the subject, which really The strict regulations governing the manufac- requires a book to itself. Unfortunately, views ture of various articles are quoted, and the dis- of but two of these fine screens are given, astrous legislation which resulted in the decrease those of Seville and Granada, the latter, enclos- of looms at Granada from fifteen thousand to ing the tombs of Ferdinand and Isabella, being six hundred is reviewed. The list of these a familiar picture to English readers. sources and of the printeil articles and books The chapter on arms is an excellent one. Into consulted forms one of the most important por- it the author has put his best work, while at the tions of the work. Indeed, this bibliography, same time he has a most fruitful subject. He together with the photographic plates, would says: “ Lovers of the old-time crafts approach alone have been well worth publishing. The a fertile field in Spanish arms; for truly with plates are without exception excellent, being also this war-worn land the sword and spear, obsti- refreshingly new and unfamiliar. They receive nately substituted for the plough, seem to have an added value by being labeled with the name grown wellnigh into her regular implements of of the collection in which the objects may be daily bread-winning ; and from long before the found, and together form a Spanish Musée de age of written chronicle her soil was planted Cluny containing the gems of Spanish crafts- with innumerable weapons of her wrangling manship from the beginning. tribesmen.” Lovers of the Poem of the Cid GEORGE GRIFFIN BROWNELL. will be pleased with the picture of a beautiful adarga from the Royal Armory. Mr. Williams states that the supposed Colada preserved in THE YOUTH OF MIRABEAU.* the same collection really dates from the thir- teenth century, and can therefore never have It is rare that an American scholar ventures been the sword of the famous Campeador. The to undertake a work like Professor Fling's general reader will be somewhat surprised at the "Mirabeau and the French Revolution," for he following information : “ The Royal Armoury realizes that an adequate examination of the at Madrid is often thought by foreigners to con- material, much of which is still in the manu- tain a representative collection of the arms, offen- script collections of public and private archives, sive and defensive, used by the Spanish people implies a prolonged residence abroad or repeated through all their mediæval and post-mediæval journeys across the Atlantic. The law of neces- - history. This is not so. Although it is the sity has, therefore, forced American historical choicest and the richest gallery in Europe, the writing to cultivate almost exclusively the field Armería Real was formed almost entirely from of American history, and has left the general the cámaras de armas or private armouries of reader dependent upon “ importations ” for the Charles the Fifth and of his son, and is, as knowledge he is to gain of European history, Mélida describes it, ' a splendid gallery of royal save as this may be found in manuals and brief arms,' dating, with very few exceptions, from biographies. Professor Fling should be credited the sixteenth century." with the courage of his undertaking. It has The term furniture has been construed with been truly a work of " longue haleine," for he sufficient liberality to include doors, doorways, chose his subject twenty years ago, when he was choir-stalls, altar-screens, wood statues, and wood a student in Leipsic. At that time neither the carving of all sorts. Perhaps the most typically biography by Stern nor that by the Loménies, , Spanish article is the arcón or chest, of which MIRABEAU AND THE FRENCH Revolution. By Fred Morrow seven classes are described. Respecting the Cid's Fling, Ph.D., Professor of European History in the University of Nebraska. In three volumes. Volume I., The Youth of Mira- coffer in the Cathedral at Burgos the author beau. Illustrated. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1909.] 47 THE DIAL > father and son, had appeared. The publication a love affair, with horrifying possibilities of a of these biographies has not lessened the im- mésalliance, Mirabeau had deserted his regiment portance of this contribution, for there does not at Saintes and taken refuge in Paris, in order, yet exist in English an adequate treatment of from a secure retreat, to ward off by negotiation Mirabeau's career. Professor Fling has entitled the effects of parental wrath. Incidentally he his work - Mirabeau and the French Revolu- was moved to vilify the colonel of the regiment. tion,” because he intends to deal with the According to his father, he opened against M. de Revolution also, at least so far as it is involved Lambert a “pack of recriminating lies, almost in the life of its greatest statesman. The seri- convincing by the force of his eloquent effront- ous student of this period will find his discussion ery." This marvellous gift of persuasive utter- of the value of the manuscript material, and of ance, so little dependent upon truth for its the printed books, especially opportune and effectiveness, had, said Lambert, won over to instructive. It is characteristic of the thor- Mirabeau's view of the affair half the city of oughly workmanlike quality of the book. Saintes and the province; and Lambert added, The first of the three volumes covers Mira- he is believed to have found in the city 20,000 beau's life up to his imprisonment at the livres that are no longer there.” The mystery Chateau d'If, September 20, 1774, by virtue is where he got these qualities. Was it from of a lettre de cachet which that peculiar Friend the stormy race of which he came? Were they of Men," his father, had procured from the the consequences of the unsympathetic and government. Mirabeau was twenty-five years pedantic attitude which his father took toward old, and this was the fourth time a lettre de the boy almost from the first ? Was it in part cachet had placed him under restraint. It is because at a critical time in his later childhood evident that he had already accumulated much his mother was forced to withdraw from the perplexing material for historical investigators unhappy home in order to make room for a and psychological specialists, particularly for mistress ? Professor Fling suggests that each those acquainted with the phenomena of ado- of these things may have had their influence, lescence. Such a varied experience suggests but he is unwilling to do more than indicate the that in the study of this period we may satisfy probability, for the references in the letters of an eager curiosity to learn the foundations of the father, the principal source of information that strange character so vividly illustrated in for this early period, are not full enough or the first two years of the Revolution, — a great sufficiently clear to enable him to draw a com- intellect, boundless initiative and force, acting plete portrait of this strange youth. He has apparently without those ordinary restraints given special care to the history of the father's which we call scruples. In order that we may attitude toward the son, tracing its phases with have the whole case before us, Professor Fling greater exactness than have previous biographers. has devoted careful consideration to the career Certainly no father ever spoke of a child with of his father, “l'Ami des hommes," and to that more brutal frankness. At ten the Marquis of his uncle - the Bailli." describes him as bearing “a striking resem- Several elements of Mirabeau's mature char- blance to Punch, being all belly and back.” acter had appeared, Professor Fling believes, Four years later, when he was out of humor long before the end of this first period. He with the boy, he wrote that he was quotes from a letter which Gilbert Elliott, once of a caterpillar," and added, “ he will find diffi- the schoolmate of Mirabeau in the establishment culty in uncaterpillaring himself.” But there of the Abbé Choquard in Paris, wrote to his was a time when he and his son were on good brother years later when Mirabeau was visiting terms, the history of which Professor Fling him. “ Mirabeau," says this letter, “ although gives in the chapter, “ In the Confidence of his considerably ripened in abilities . . . is as over- Father." bearing in his conversation, as awkward in his Throughout the volume, the author's attitude graces, as ugly and misshapen in face and per- is that of the sympathetic historian. He is son, and withal as perfectly sufficient, as we not an apologist; he neither attacks nor defends remember him twenty years ago. I loved him Mirabeau, he tries to explain him so far as this then, however, and so did you. This may be done historically. In one passage he refers to a time when Mirabeau was fifteen. refers to Mirabeau as a “notorious literary Three or four years later, in the incidents which buccaneer"; but this is not said in severity, led to the imprisonment in the Ile de Ré, other but as a simple statement of fact. The interest peculiarities of the boy and man appeared. After which his narrative arouses in the youthful . very much > 1 . 48 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL 6 > Mirabeau predisposes the reader to look for- tained him amid the trials of his later years and the ward to the appearance of the second volume, personal qualities that endeared him to all who had which will conduct the career to 1789, and to the privilege of his friendship. We will quote the the third, which will complete its story. closing paragraph, which tells us how the end came. “Soon after the death of his wife Mr. Stedman moved HENRY E. BOURNE. back to New York. He took an apartment up-town and settled himself for the last time with his beloved books around him. Here, in spite of loss, ill-health, and increas- ing age, he enjoyed life as only life's inveterate lovers may, and at the end the gods were kind. There came three or RECENT AMERICAN POETRY.* four days and nights of unusual well-being and high spirits. The evening before he died some of his near relatives dined Before turning to the consideration of poetry that with him and his infectious boyish gayety was the life of the is recent in the literal sense, a few words should be occasion. The next day, after a morning devoted as usual said of three recent collections, which give us in to literary work, he called up an old friend over the telephone and demanded that he dine with him, on the plea that his definitive form and arrangement the complete work dinner was to be an unusually good one that night. The of three of our most honored American poets. First invitation was accepted, and he made gleeful preparation of all, and published within a year from the time of for an evening of the reminiscent talk that was his favorite his taking-off, we have the new “ Household” edition form of entertainment. In the middle of the afternoon he of Stedman. In this edition, which includes all of fell without a word. 'Give me to die unwitting of the day, he had sung : his prayer was granted, and for him who had his verse which the author deemed worthy of pres- fenced with death so long and with such gay courage the end ervation, we find the contents of the old “ House- came with one swift stroke." hold” edition (omitting a few juvenalia ) and of the Also included in the “Household edition, and “ Poems Now First Collected,” besides seventeen well deserving of admission to that choice company, other pieces (including Mater Coronata ") of later we have the complete poetical works of Mr. Richard date, and two fragments from Theocritus. These Watson Gilder. This volume contains no prefatory fragments are all that the poet left in shape for pub- matter, but simply reprints, in the order of their lication of his long-contemplated version of the idyls original publication, the many small collections of of the three Sicilian poets. In accordance with his refined and graceful verse that Mr. Gilder has been expressed desire, this new edition of Stedman adopts producing during the last thirty years and more. a classified arrangement, in which the order of com- No less than seventeen copyright entries are in- position is largely ignored. Besides the long poem, cluded, the first of them dating from 1875, exactly The Blameless Prince,” there are ten categories, a generation ago. It makes us realize for the first “ In War Time,” “ Poems of Manhattan," "“ Poems time how prolific a poet he has been, and also deepens of New England,” “Poems of Occasion,” “Poems our sense of the fine intrinsic quality of his work, of Greece “ Poems of Nature," “ The Carib both early and late. Sea,” “Songs and Ballads,” “ Various Poems," and The third poet whose work now comes to us in 6 Shadow-Land.” Mr. Stedman's work gains greatly collected form is the late Mrs. Louise Chandler in effectiveness by this re-arrangement, and no mis- Moulton, and the pious task of bringing it together, take has been made in adopting it. A brief and and of providing it with the fitting prefatory words, loving memoir gives the essentials of the poet's life, has fallen to her friend, Mrs. Harriet Prescott and makes clear both the noble fortitude which sus- Spofford, who bears a name equally honorable in * THE POEMS OF EDMUND CLARENCE STEDMAN. the history of New England letters. The contents Houghton Mifflin Co. of Mrs. Moulton's three volumes of verse are here THE POEMS OF RICHARD WATSON GILDER. Boston: Houghton put between a single pair of covers, and a few THE POEMS AND SONNETS OF LOUISE CHANDLER MOULTON. additional poems round out the volume. Mrs. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co. Spofford's memoir is the work of a devoted friend, JAMES VILA BLAKE AS POET. By Amelia Hughes. Chicago: and is written in the strain of eulogy, but so many Thomas F. Halpin & Co. THE TIME OF Roses. By John Vance Cheney, Portland, other voices have borne witness both to the beauty Me.: Thomas B. Mosher. of the poet's character and to the exquisite artistry POEMs. By Charles Sprague Smith. New York: A.Wessels Co. of her lyrics and sonnets, that even friendship may FIRST POEMS. By Henry K. Herbert (H. H. Knibbs). Roch- ester: The Genesee Press. hardly be said to exaggerate in this instance. Certain THE HOUSE OF FALLING LEAVES, with Other Poems. By it is that no writer stands higher upon the roll of William Stanley Braithwaite. Boston: John W. Luce & Co. our woman poets than the gracious personality which THE WOUNDED EROS. Sonnets by Charles Gibson. Boston: The Author. this volume discloses. EACA IN His Own TONGUE, and Other Poems. By William The Rev. James Vila Blake professes his poetical Herbert Carruth. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. LOVE SONGS AND LYRICS, By J. A. Middleton. faith in the following sonnet: John W. Luce & Co. “I know not what my soul hates more and worse AN EARTH POEM, and Other Poems. By Gerda Dalliba. Than the pale brows of whimpering poets — they New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Who not e'en love but must go 'faint,'* fall,' say OUT-DOOR Music. Songs of Birds, Trees, Flowers, The Road, * We sicken,' pine,' and ' die,' in weeping verse. Love, Religion. By Ella Gilbert Ives. Boston: The Arakelyan Press. O fine-voiced harmonies, must ye rehearse A Book of Verse. By Fanny Runnells Poole. These feeble folk, who swim or swamp in whey Bridgeport, Conn.: The Niles Publishing Co. Like meagre curds, more thin than ghosts by day, 66 " Boston: Mifflin Co. Boston: 6 MUGEN. 1909.] 49 THE DIAL : 66 Or evening scud that caps of wind disperse ? “ And O, the troops of nuns, my dear, What! must sweet words, fine vocables, and song, The troops of nuns that white appear That link all men and mark mankind, serve them There where the picket rows up-rear, Who suck a jaundice from th' inveterate green ? In rows where snow Out wi' the pack! I love bards firm and strong: The rows doth now o'er-blow, My soul doth void the pulers - broods I'd hem And hood them here. Like bats in rosy fogs, nor seeing nor seen." “And O, the evergreens, my dear, It is clear that the writer of these lines is no " whim- The evergreens that mock and feer, That mock at storms, and shine in gear pering poet,” but it seems also that his love for Of shining ice, “bards firm and strong ” sometimes gets the better That shining in a trice of his natural sense of smooth diction and flowing Berobes them sheer." melody. There may be compact thought, but there Mr. Blake's verse is singularly conscientious and is no poetry, in such lines as these, suggested by an thoughtful; it is also strongly individual. It is old circus ring : comprised in five collections, printed between 1887 ** Where be your gibes now,' thou chalked mock, and 1907, from all of which " James Vila Blake as And thy heart-sick gags ? Art gone of thine old staleness ? Poet,” the little volume now before us, takes judi- And all the melancholy players, over whose paleness cious toll. It seems to echo, at times, the accents Were dabbed the lies of smiles and ruby stock of such old singers as Herbert and Vaughan, at Of health? Yon old ring, like a ghost, doth knock At my heart strangely, with vehement love, and the frailness others, the more modern notes of Emerson, Lanier, Of our mortal state stares from the painted haleness and Sir George Meredith. On the tan where dizzy phantom-riders flock.” Mr. John Vance Cheney's newest book of song, Miss Amelia Hughes, who has made the selection “In Time of Roses," gives us thirty-five (Shake- of Mr. Blake's poems now before us, calls the son- spearean) sonnets, with a score of lyrics appended net of which these lines are the octave " a flower of or interspersed. From work so exquisite it is perfected genius." In fact, her introductory essay difficult to select, and it is almost at random that rather repels than invites our admiration for the we quote this sonnet with its song-commentary : poet, and her hope “ that the sincerity of its intent “The summer gone, and all the day's desire, may retrieve for him any gaucheries of an inhabile Thick in the field stand, ranked, the stately sheaves ; and unaided pen” is a brave one in the face of her The woodland blazes with baptismal fire Of Horeb's bush, an angel in its leaves. strained and unconvincing argument. Mr. Blake's Up through the dusk upon the sky I gaze, verse is also strained, but at the best it is worth Where flows the molten gold, while from it loom while. As an example of what is the best, because The silver cloud-ships of the windless ways, the most unaffected, we may take the following Among the lilac islands brushed with gloom. These colors all are love and memory's own, sonnet: This near, appealing pomp the summer wore ; “ If I be questioned whether 't be the day 'Tis wafted back on all the winds that moan, Doth follow night around the flowery world, Heightened to brightness it had not before. Or whether night, with sandals dewy pearled The glories of Love's morning, safe they are ; Pursue the morn, that wooed will not delay, - Evening shall burn them in her early star." I answer thus: First tell me, which makes way, My love to me, or I to her, when furled “ The field wears more than glory of the year. The camping light's gold streamers be, and curled Pilgrims, unseen, walk here; With spiral vapors falleth twilight ray ? Mortals who crossed it long since, still they pass If 't is my part to woo with will, hath erst Over the kind, remembering grass, – Her beauty not pursued me, will or no, All they once in its smile went by, And natural the more as 't is not willed ? And, now, lapt in its pity lie. Like day and night, a twain without a first, True lovers know not either follows so, “ The moon wears more than glory of the sun. Or either leads whom both one love hath filled." By her is death undone; Forever from the unforgetting skies Mr. Blake's lyrical quality may be exemplified by Downward she looks with all the eyes Once lifted to her, yearning so, stanzas from his “ January Song,” taken from “ The In the sweet evenings long ago." Months,” his latest production: In this collection of verse, Mr. Cheney seems to "And 0, if I shall tell, my dear, us to have achieved a more even excellence, a closer If I shall tell the time o' year The time that giveth most o'cheer, approach to faultlessness, than in any earlier one, And most 's our own and his title to a high place among our lyrists is And most by love is known, more clearly to be read than ever before. What shall it be?" Says Mr. Charles Sprague Smith, The answer to this question is the New Year season, “My muse, thou art a simple thing," - For 0, th' angelic snow, my dear, and her service may be commended to many more Th' angelic snow, and ice how sheer, pretentious versifiers. Mr. Smith's notes are nature- The ice that tinkles frosty clear, worship, patriotism in the good sense, social brother- And frosty fills With frosted light the sills hood, and religious aspiration. These stanzas open O'the opening year. the longish poem called "Unity": а 50 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL 66 “By many paths man seeks for God, And can it be, in error's maze All wander save the few whose ways Are those our sainted fathers trod ? Lo, deep within its bosky glen, Bending in coy humility, The faintly flushed anemone Would fain, I ween, be hid again. “ The ruddy rose, the garden's pride, Unveils her beauty to the sun, Exulting in the life new won, Casting her chrysalis aside. “ The cereus in wondrous way, Uplifts her chalice pearly white, For, in the mystery of night, Wakens the force received by day. “In varying forms, the life within, Bursting the bonds of winter's night, To leaf and flower transmutes the light, When the moist April days begin. 6. So human souls will ever climb By separate paths the bristling peak, When yearning hearts with patience seek To find eternity in time." Mr. Smith’s pieces are simple, but they are not often marred by faulty expression, and his blank verse is particularly good. Mr. Henry K. Herbert (or H. H. Knibbs ), whose “First Poems" are printed in a small private edition, is, we are told, a stenographer in a railway office. That he has kept the freedom of the spirit, even amid such surroundings, is made evident by the highly imaginative and deeply felt contents of his little book “ The Wander-Lust" shall be our chief example: “ Thou soft, persuading, still insistent breeze, Hiding thy swelling breast within the sail That nods across the undulating seas, (Prow-kissing seas that lap the dripping rail), Thou bearest from unremembered idle isles, Within whose harbors alien anchors rust, Sweet singing dreams that sleep beneath thy smiles And break, – to wake the slumbering Wander-lust. “The inward tears, the unavailing word, The uplifted tender mouth's unspoken prayer, Are things to me unseen, unfelt, unheard, When the wild Wander-lust, with siren-rare Enchantment, sings my soul to pathless ways O'er fields where Hunger, Grief, and Terror ride, Pace with my pace, - gaunt wolves of questing days, Must I, with these, explore the Other Side ? What shall I gain when I at last have found The secret garden hid behind the hill ? An unremembered grave in quiet ground, Or trail defined that lures to wander still, Till Time's essential ministries shall change This atom to diviner flower-dust That on the breath of God shall ever range His Seas, in soul-immortal Wander-lust? If only this moving poem were not marred by the impossible rhyme at its close! Here is a pretty little thing that seems worth quoting: “ I am a miller of tranquil mind, Content, as my little grist I grind. The simple folk in our valley know That my meal is pure though my wheel is slow. God's clouds loosed the water that turns my wheel, His sun grew the maize that I turn to meal. Though the toll comes scant to my measure's brim, I am well content, for I grind for Him.” There is a whole philosophy of life in this happy expression of a simple thought. Mr. William Stanley Braithwaite, in “The House of Falling Leaves,” shows himself to be a sonneteer of thoughtful dignity and an effective poet of occa- sions. His ode for the Whittier centenary is strong and sympathetic, as may be seen from its third and fifth stanzas, here reproduced : * In the rough farmhouse of his lowly birth The spirit of poetry fired his youthful years; No palace was more radiant on earth, Than the rude home where simple joys and tears Filled the boy's soul with the human chronicle Of lives that touched the soil. He heard about him voices - and he fell To dreams, of the dim past, 'midst his daily toil ; Romance and legend claimed his Muse's voice Till the heroic choice Of duty led him to the battle's broil. “ He helped to seal the doom. His hope was peace With the great end attained. Beyond his will Fate shaped his aims to awful destinies Of vengeful justice; - now valley and hill Groaned with the roar of onset; near and far The terrible, sad cries Of slaughtered men pierced into sun and star; Beyond his will the violence -- but the prize Of Freedom, blood had purchased, won to God His praise that all men trod Erect, and clothed in Freedom, 'neath the skies." Mr. Braithwaite, besides giving us his own volume of verse, appears also as sponsor for a sonnet se- quence, “ The Wounded Eros," Mr. Charles Gibson, and writes for the book an elaborate intro- ductory essay. Mr. Gibson's sonnets number one hundred and thirty, and this is one of them : “How sweet to me are these soft days of spring; But how much sweeter, did thy beauty bear, Like cherry blossoms o'er the flowering air, Its scented fragrance to me; and did bring Some songs of love, like birds upon the wing, To tell me that my love, with thine, might share These lovers' hours, that in the spring appear, And o'er the earth their efflorescence fling. Ah, Love! thy winter's waiting hath well-nigh This heart of mine, for love of thee, so broken, That it hath scarce the power to beat to-day. "T were time, indeed, to compensate my sigh At last with Love's unutterable token, That shall not with the seasons fade away." From this, and the other sonnets, we gather that the poet's love is scorned; else it would not be free to languish through one hundred and thirty sonnets. We are informed that the book tells “the story of an oblation full of inexplicable shadows,” which seems to be a fairly accurate description. There is little subtlety in the imagery, and the poet's senti- ment is of the obvious kind, sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought rather than glowing with passion. “ Each in his Own Tongue” is a poem that was printed in a magazine many years ago, and has beeu widely copied since then, although not always with of song : 66 % 1909.] 51 THE DIAL a 6 66 the acknowledgment due its author. It was written “I blew a kiss, on wings of love to rise by Professor William Herbert Carruth in a happy Unto her eyes; hour of inspiration, and bids fair to keep his name Alas, the wanton breeze before had pressed A dozen kisses on her snowy breast. in the anthologies for a long time to come. He in fact, come to share the distinction of Joseph “I took a rose – may, - but, ah! her favorite tree Outwitted me; Blanco White, whose memory a single sonnet has For, kneeling like a saint before a shrine, kept alive. For the present, however, we must He offered handfuls, lovelier far than mine." think of Mr. Carruth as more than a man of a single poem, for he has just given us a collection of There are only a scant score of these songs; the rest of the little book is devoted to an incident in some fourscore pieces, many of which approach in seriousness of thought and felicity of expression the dramatic form, “ Red Sefchen,” which readers of one widely-known example which provides his book Heine will not need to have explained. This is the with its title. Rather than quote the familiar lines poet's declaration upon the occasion of the lovers' we will reproduce the stanzas called “ Dreamers of last clandestine meeting : Dreams": “ As dusk to Nightingale, as sun to flower, “We are all of us dreamers of dreams; As star to some benighted wanderer, On visions our childhood is fed; As cool palm-island in a sea of sand, And the heart of the child is unhaunted, it seems, As light to ardent seeker after Truth By the ghosts of dreams that are dead. Grappling with Doubt and Error till the full Fierce fire of Trial hath refined his faith “ From childhood to youth 's but a span, And made it tenfold purer than before : And the years of our youth are soon sped; As celandine unto the lovesick bee Yet the youth is no longer a youth, but a man, That draws, with thrills of exquisite delight, When the first of his dreams is dead. The honey-heart it covets. As the pulse To life - so thou to me. Our spirits twine, “There's no sadder sight this side the grave And in one tender growth of mutual love Than the shroud o’er a fond dream spread, Spring upward, bearing fruit of perfect bliss, And the heart should be stern and the eyes be brave Which shall endure when life itself shall pass." To gaze on a dream that is dead. The consummation of this tragedy in miniature 'Tis as a cup of wormwood and gall comes swiftly. Feeling herself disgraced by her When the doom of a great dream is said, And the best of a man is under the pall father's unhallowed calling, Sefchen, after the poet When the best of his dreams is dead. has left her, slays herself with the executioner's sword. “ He may live on by compact and plan When the fine bloom of living is shed, Miss Gerda Dalliba (if that is a real name) is the But God pity the little that 's left of a man author of “ An Earth Poem, and Other Poems.” When the last of his dreams is dead. The intent of " An Earth Poem” is, in the author's “Let him show a brave face if he can, words, “to express in words Man's needs, capabil- Let him woo fame or fortune instead, ities, and progress, accepting as a premise that, gen- Yet there's not much to do but bury a man erally speaking, his course has been one tending When the last of his dreams is dead." 'from the mere materialism of Nature to a more One other example of Mr. Carruth's simple and refined and spiritual outlook, as is the case with an sincere workmanship may be given: individual turning from childhood's idealistic pan- theism through the material of fact and divergent "A carpet all of faded brown, On the gray bough a dove that grieves; emotions towards the necessity of a formulated Death seemeth here to have his own, Deism, or the slow progression of the Mass by the But the spring violets nestle down care of civilization and cultivation to a penetrating Under the leaves. view of essential needs.” It takes a long breath to ** A brow austere and sad gray eyes, get through this descriptive sentence, and many of Locks in which Care her silver weaves; them to get through the dithyrambic outpouring of Hope seemeth tombed no more to rise, But God he knoweth on what wise the poem itself. We are more than ever inclined Love for Love's sunshine waiting lies to think with Poe that the expression “long poem Under the leaves." involves a contradiction of terms. It is an amor- phous composition, in which nuggets of poetic dic- A fine sense of the essential realities pervades Mr. Carruth's verse. He is an academic poet, but one tion may be found imbedded. Here is one of them : whose sensibilities the academic environment has not “If I go on, O soul, what will betide ? deadened. Shall I grow weary of the weight of light? I, who before was novice to the Sun, Mr. J. A. Middleton's " Love Songs and Lyrics Shall Paradise to me seem dark with prayer are pretty trifles which may be illustrated by “The And ecstacy the dust upon the streets Lost Serenade": Where the man angel, joins the hallowed saint - And prophet, the diviner angel meets - “I sang a song. Alas, the nightingale Where sin, like a pale woman nun, grows faint A-down the vale With too divine a beauty, born from tears ? Sang too; and as I told my passion's pain Or on the long night's darkness, long and wide He murmured his, and hushed my humble strain. Become an essence which is spiritualized ?" 52 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL 66 66 An " 66 These questionings leave us baffled. Miss Dalliba's BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. other poems are sonnets and miscellaneous pieces in about equal measure. Mr. Edwin Markham intro- Mr. Chesterton's reasons for accept- Mr. Chesterton's duces the collection with a few ingratiating words confession ing orthodox Christianity are, as a finding “a rift of genius in this ledge of song." of faith. matter of course, thoroughly charac- But we must call the book the work of a nature at teristic. They are rather brilliantly set forth in his present utterly unregulated, from both the intel- little book named “ Orthodoxy” (John Lane Co.), lectual and the artistic points of view. which is intended to be a companion volume to The « Out-Door Music" of Miss Ella Gilbert Ives “Heretics" — affirmative and constructive where is classified under six categories — Birds, Trees, that was negative and critical. The reason for the faith that is in him Mr. Chesterton might briefly Flowers, The Road, Love, and Religion. have declared to be this, - credo quia impossibile. April Birch” becomes the occasion of this pretty “ All other philosophies," he tells us, " say the things simile : that plainly seem to be true; only this philosophy “ The breath of God is in the breeze And touches all the quivering trees. has again and again said the thing that does not But one, in maiden mood apart, seem to be true, but is true.” And again: it is To hold communion with her heart, convincing and irresistible for the reason “not In awe-struck beauty now receives merely that it deduces logical truths, but that when The heavenly tidings in her leaves : Resistless as the golden shower it suddenly becomes illogical, it has found out, so to That entered Danaë's brazen tower, speak, an illogical truth. It not only goes right God's sunbeams on her whiteness fall about things, but it goes wrong (if one may say so) And life leaps up to meet his call." exactly where the things go wrong." The Chris- And here is “The Cardinal Flower,” no less tian's creed is paradoxical, hence it is incontrovert- charming : ible. This, amply elaborated and illustrated, is the substance of the book, and is exactly what a “In dim and cloistered nook, Where slips a quiet brook, careful reading of Mr. Chesterton's previous works A stolèd priest intones might have led one to expect. To some the very To liquid sighs and moans unreason of the whole reasoning will be delightfully A penitential psalm. satisfying; to others it will be foolishness. Inci- The pallid sunrays glide dentally some sparks of truth are struck out in Across his vestments, dyed almost startling fashion; as, for instance, the essence In Golgotha's deep hue, of insanity is not its unreason, but its reason: it And damp with chrism-dew From Calvary's nailed palm.” moves in a perfectly flawless and unbreakable circle (a vicious circle) of unanswerable reasons, and can These songs have simplicity and grace, qualities only be reduced to sanity by introducing an illogical , often denied to strains of more pretentious flight. element. Incidentally, too, some refreshingly frank , “Mugen” is the title of a book of verse by Mrs. self-revelations are made. “Mere light sophistry," Fanny Runnells Poole, and the word, we are told, the author declares, “is the thing that I happen to is Japanese, meaning " in dream and reality." That despise most of all things, and it is perhaps a whole- Mrs. Poole can write tunefully may be evidenced by some fact that this is the thing of which I am gen- the subjoined stanza : erally accused.” And on his first page, in explaining how his book came to be written, he acknowledges “O the heart, the heart hath seasons, himself to be “only too ready to write books upon The heart, memorial flowers, And memory wells like vesper bells the feeblest provocation.” The volume is evidently To thrill the dreaming hours ! written currente calamo, and with little attention to The fancies we have cherished, the best order and the most concise form of state- The affections' myriad springs, ment; but it is, on the whole, one of the best pieces Reach out betimes in rippling rhymes To hearts who love such things." of work Mr. Chesterton has given us. Several of her pieces are translations, among these A new poetical Perhaps the best thing one can say being versions of five of Heredia’s sonnets, done rendering of of Mr. Theodore C. Williams's trans- the Eneid. with sympathy and intelligence. lation of the “ Æneid,” now published WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. by the Houghton Mifflin Co., is that it tempts to a re-reading of the entire epic, no matter how familiar it be already. Wherever we have opened the vol- ume, the smooth flow and graceful diction of its The announcement that the Nobel prize in literature blank verse has beguiled us to linger, and to read a has gone to Professor Rudolf Eucken has stimulated interest in an author who has hitherto been little page where we had intended to read a passage only. known outside of academic circles. One of his English The translator's justification of his work is interest- disciples, Mr. W. R. Boyce Gibson, has written a study ing. He says: “My first experiments grew out of entitled “ Rudolf Eucken’s Philosophy of Life,” which the exigencies of teaching. I thought it important has been published in America by The Macmillan Co. that a class in Virgil should sometimes lay its Latin 6 1909.] 53 THE DIAL a 6 by, smooth out its frowning forehead, and just hear assimilative power as the earlier work, it is inform- Sordello's story told.' But all the rhymed versions ing to the student who feels an intelligent interest seemed to have a touch of the comic; and the prose in the contemporary drama. It treats principally ones, of course, were in that mongrel, base-bred jargon of those authors who are bringing to bear on the of which a man would hardly care to own the paternity problem of creating an American drama the largest unless he were a translator of the classics. Even the amount of dramatic skill, truthful observation, in- most scholarly and elegant versions did not admit of telligent reflection, and passion for reality, and are continuous reading aloud. It therefore became my thus keeping our drama connected with life, leading rather desperate practice to write out certain selected our stage on toward better things by making it a passages, both in prose and verse, in renderings vital force in the community. As a corollary, in intended first of all to appeal to the ear.” considering the question of reality on the stage, Mr. account of the genesis of the translation preparės us Eaton says: “ The world knows that reality is for- for a lucid and easily-moving text, and we could wish ever in the making. What we called real yesterday the school-boy no better fortune than to have his is unreal today; truth is what we would have it; Virgil in this form to read side by side with the reality will only be perfect as we shape it so. To original. He could use it neither as a "pony” nor deny the mission of the stage, one of man's most as a lexicon, because the translator's starting-point cherished fields of æsthetic endeavor, in this high is the phrase rather than the single word, but he task of remoulding the world 'nearer to the heart's could get from it much understanding of the power- desire' – the real world, not the make-believe -- to ful appeal which the poet has made to the cultivated call it from the work for which it is above all other elect of all ages. No brief quotation can do much art-forms fitted, and set it the trivial task of aping to exhibit the simple charm of this version, but we unrealities, is to deny the laws of change and growth, will permit a few lines to speak for it, taking one of to belittle the power of æsthetic imagination, hope- the most familiar of passages : lessly to undervalue the worth of dramatic form.” “ Æneas thus replied : * Thine image, sire, thy melancholy shade, Essays on A new book by Mr. Swinburne is an Came oft upon my vision, and impelled Elizabethan event, even if, as in the case of “The My journey hitherward. Our fleet of ships dramatists. Age of Shakespeare” (Harper), it Lies safe at anchor in the Tuscan seas. Come, clasp my hand! Come, father, I implore, contains little new material. The present volume is And heart to heart this fond embrace receive!!! a collection, with slight changes, of nine scattered So speaking, all his eyes suffused with tears; papers upon Elizabethan dramatists. Most of the Thrice would his arms in vain that shape enfold. matter offered was written from twenty to thirty Thrice from the touch of hand the vision fled, Like wafted winds or likest hovering dreams.' years ago, and we have long wished that it might be The translation is truthful in the best sense, avoid- brought together in book form. It seems to us, how- ing pedantry and fussiness, preserving the argument ever, that the present collection is less complete than and the dramatic effect of the long speeches, and it might have been made. If recollection serves, Mr. Swinburne's contributions to the English monthly using a vocabulary rich in suggestiveness and emo- reviews during the eighties and early nineties included tional association. Either this or William Morris would be our counsel to the reader, young or old, considerably more work than is now brought to- who should ask us for the best approach to Virgil gether. However, the volume is too precious for us to quarrel with because it is not bigger, and at once by means of the English language, and Mr. Williams has over Morris the advantage of closer texture and takes its place beside the author's “Study of Shake- a style more comfortable to the general ear. Jonson and speare” and his separate We had not supposed a new Virgil in English could Chapman. The subjects of his nine essays are Marlowe, Webster, Dekker, Marston, Middleton, prove so welcome. Rowley, Heywood, Chapman, and Tourneur. They Some eight years ago Mr. Norman take up, one by one, the important plays of each of Hapgood gave us a work on the con- these dramatists, and discuss them with a penetrative drama. temporary stage, which treated those insight and a certainty of judgment that no other aspects of the acted drama that were then playing a student of the Elizabethan drama would be likely to leading part in American theatrical history, besides equal. The discussion is, of course, impetuous and presenting a critical consideration of current histri- heated, and at moments unnecessarily discursive, onic notabilities. In “The American Stage of but it has the illuminating quality which is the signi- Today" (Small, Maynard & Company), Mr. Walter ficant thing in criticism, and for which no weight of Pritchard Eaton has done a like service, giving a mere scholarship can provide a satisfactory substitute. vital treatment of the drama in America as it is That being the case, we may allow him without too developing at the present day, and rescuing from much indignation an occasional light-hearted irrel- unmerited oblivion records of productions worthy of evancy, like the remark about "such constitutions as a more enduring place than the newspaper. Mr. could survive and assimilate a diet of Martin Tupper Eaton's book is written in that piquant journalistic or Mark Twain," or the playful comparison of style which is cultivated through labor on the daily Euripides to "a mutilated monkey.” The volume press; and, while it is not characterized by the same has a sonnet-dedication “ to the memory of Charles 19 volumes upon Factor's in the creation of the American a 54 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL a treated. - Lamb,” whose “Specimens " were published just a in the nature of impulses and instincts; that psy- century ago. It is a tender and beautiful tribute, chology must be written wholly in the terms of such which no one has a clearer right than Mr. Swinburne instincts and impulses, and that we may use such to lay at the feet of the man who rediscovered the terms as ideal impulses, home-building impulses, great Elizabethans for the modern world. and other specialized impulses, to account for every phase of social, personal, or material action. All Current topics It is surprising how many things, this is further incorporated in terms of a Monistic trenchantly new and old, wait only for the right hypothesis, which helps expression but not interpre- person in order to be made the sub- tation. In brief, the temptation is irresistible to jects of interesting and edifying discourse — spoken apply to this set of doctrines - - not devoid of ability or written. Mr. Edward Sandford Martin, author or insight -- the familiar comment, that persons who of that alluringly entitled book, “Windfalls of like this sort of thing will probably find in this sort Observation,” and other volumes, has issued a fresh of book the things they like. For the general stu- collection of brief essays under the name, “In a New dent of psychology it will carry but moderate mean- Century” (Scribner). A score or more of topics ing and less conviction. (Scribner.) . currently or even, in many cases, perennially inter- esting are handled with adroitness and grace, and Educational experience is difficult to A plea for usually in such a way as to strike out some novel or personality transform into helpful words; yet significant thought. Even in his chapter on writing in education. the attempt is worth making, and for publication a rather threadbare theme, surely will continue to be made. Though not notable, the the author is not altogether unsuccessful in avoid. volume by Mr. James P. Conover, Master in St. ing the hackneyed. He offers a novel and perhaps Paul's School, Concord, N. H., brings the well- useful suggestion in the following: “A man who directed thinking of the schoolmaster to bear upon has been a fairly successful writer for a good many the larger interests of his calling. The general years has been heard to attribute hiß, success to emphasis implied by the title –“ Personality in Edu- the exceptionally feeble quality of his mind, which cation” (Moffat, Yard & Co.) — contains a timely brought it about that he always got tired of any line and welcome protest against the machine-made of thought he was expounding before the reader pupil and the method-crammed teacher. The spirit did.” The not very lively topic, “ Deafness," is of it all is sane, the perspective sound, the treatment responsible for fifteen pages of matter that bears judicious. The several factors of the educative evidence of personal experience. Among consola- - the teacher, the child, the school, disci- tions for the loss of hearing he fails to emphasize the pline, studies, and the routines of work, play, and appreciable increase in value gained by the remain- examinations examinations -- are passed in review with a unity ing senses; and in aids to intercourse he omits to of consideration derived from a large and well- include lip-reading - which, however, is incidentally interpreted experience. A significant though not A mentioned later. His style is so pleasing and so emphasized opinion of the volume is that contained suited to his ends that one is surprised and even in the supplementary chapter on the College, which mildly shocked to find him using, wantonly and expresses profound disappointment with what that under no sort of provocation, the unlovely adjective institution has been able to accomplish even with “dratted.” “Would” for “should” is regrettable, promising boys from good schools. That here but, alas, to be expected. A good deal of entertain- again the absence of the personal touch and the ment, and not a few pregnant and profitable sug- contact with the really educative relations of life gestions, are to be had from the book. has much to do with the failure, is an opinion held alike by Mr. Conover and by many who have been It may be said with no undue dis- reflecting upon problems akin to his. An unconvincing theory of mind. paragement that the “Theory of Mind” by Professor March of Union Professor John Graham Brooks, in Studies of our College will give no higher satisfaction to any reader national life his book entitled “As Others See than it did to its author in the writing. There is Us” (Macmillan), has collected a a certain novelty of statement, and emphasis of great variety of criticisms on American life and points of view that lead the author to regard the manners, from English, French, German, and other whole contribution as profound and novel and com- European visitors, during the past century. Now prehensive. All that can be said is that there are and then he uses the lash of the foreigner to chas- few types of mind affected by the spirit and the tise some of the faults which he personally desires methods of modern psychology that will feel at all to correct. The American habit of bragging, and in sympathy with this form of exposition. It re- of regarding matters from the provincial standpoint, solves itself largely into a matter of terminology and is thoroughly dissected and duly castigated. The emphasis ; and Professor March's attitude in this chapters at the close of the work, on the signs of matter repels not alone because it is strange, but progress in this country, are full of optimism, and because it seems to distort and to offer for the most show that the destructive criticism of the earlier part only the consolation of a vocabulary. The chapters was not intended to end in fatalistic nihi- theory, in brief, is that all essential human traits are lism. Professor Brooks has not only travelled in process - and progre88. 1909.] . THE DIAL 55 > America and Europe with keen powers of observa- edition desirable beyond all others. The present Lord tion, but he has carried with him a worthy standard Tennyson has edited the work, and now and then given by which to judge his own countrymen with fair- us an explanatory note of his own. ness and without flattery. The result is a book “ The Taming of a Shrew,” edited by Mr. F. S. Boas, worthy of being read, and wholesome in its lessons. is published by Messrs. Duffield & Co. in their “ Shake- speare Classics.” To their “Old-Spelling Shakespeare The story of Mr. John R. Spears has collected is now added “ As You Like It,” edited by Messrs. F. J. the whaling industry in from various sources the materials Furnivall and F. W. Clarke. America. for a book on the American whaling “ The Independent” has recently begun publication industry which is at once fairly comprehensive and of a series of articles on the Great Universities of this interesting. It is entitled " The Story of the New country, written by Dr. Edwin E. Slosson of the edi- torial staff. The articles are critical and comparative, England Whalers,” and appears in the series of with a large amount of new material. “Stories from American History" (Macmillan). Sidney McCall,” the author of “Truth Dexter,” The portions of Mr. Spears's book which relate to the “ The Dragon Painter," etc., is at work upon the manu- origin and conduct of whaling operations in colonial script of her new book, which will be brought out this days are rather better than the later chapters which coming season by Messrs. Little, Brown & Co. The are principally concerned with the more complex and basic theme of the book will be child labor in the diverse features of the industry in the nineteenth Southern mills. century. The purposes of such a work would be Continuing their practice of several previous years, better served by tracing the connection more closely the Chicago Madrigal Club offers a prize of $50. for between the whalers and the palmy days of Amer- an original poem which shall be used in its musical ican shipping, and between the spread of whaling competition of 1909. Full details of the contest may activities to the Pacific and the awakening of Amer- be obtained from Mr. D. A. Clippinger, 410 Kimball Hall, Chicago. ican interest in California, Honolulu, the North An important addition to the “World's Classics,” to Pacific, the fur trade, and to the Orient in general. be published immediately by the Oxford University While all these things are hinted at in the book, their Press, is “ Joseph and his Brethren,” the famous poem relationships in the development of American history by Charles Wells, with an introduction by Mr. A. C. might well be made plainer for young readers, and Swinburne and a long note on Rossetti and Wells by for some older readers as well. Mr. Theodore Watts-Dunton. An Oxford edition of the works of Charles and Mary Lamb, in two volumes, is to be published immediately by the Oxford University Press. An Oxford India paper NOTES. edition in one volume will also be issued. The editor is Mr. Thomas Hutchinson, editor of the Wordsworth Mr. Booth Tarkington's deservedly successful play, and the Shelley volumes in the “Oxford Poets" series. “ The Man from Home,” is now published in book form, Two centuries ago the Oxford Chair of Poetry was with illustrations, by Messrs. Harper & Brothers. inaugurated, and a tribute to its almost forgotten founder, A monograph on George Cruikshank,” by Mr. Henry Birkhead, was paid when the anniversary came W. U. Chasson, with many illustrations, is published by round a few weeks ago, by Mr. J. W. Mackail, who Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. in their “ Popular Library devoted a public lecture to his memory. The lecture is of Art.” now published in pamphlet form at the Oxford Claren- An edition of Dr. Richard Burton's biblical drama, don Press. Rahab," illustrated from pictures of Mr. Donald Mrs. M. E. M. Davis, a well-known Southern writer, Robertson's production of the play, will be issued soon died at her home in New Orleans on January 1 after a by Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. long illness. She was the wife of Major Thomas E. “The Eleanor Smith Music Course,” in four graded Davis, editor of the New Orleans “ Picayune.” Her volumes, is a recent publication of the American Book last book, “ The Moons of Balbanca," a story for young Co., who also put forth a “ Plane and Solid Geometry,” people, was published by Houghton Mifflin Company by Professor Elmer A. Lyman. last September. When and Where of Famous Men and Women," « The World and his Wife" is, as theatre-goers edited by Messrs. Howard Hensman and Clarence know, the title given to a recent version of Señor Webb, is a vest-pocket biographical dictionary pub- Echegaray's “ El Gran Galeoto,” as enacted by Mr. lished in the “Miniature Reference Library” of Messrs. William Faversham's company not long ago. This E. P. Dutton & Co. translation, the work of Mr. Charles Frederic Nirdlinger, “Selections from Don Quijote,” edited by Professor is published in book form, with stage-pictures, by Mr. J. D. M. Ford, is a new volume in “ Heath's Modern Mitchell Kennerley. Language Series ” of school texts. Eighty pages of “ The Children of the Chapel at Blackfriars, 1597– text to fifty of notes is the scale of proportion, and 1603,” by Professor Charles William Wallace, appears there is a vocabulary. as an issue of the “University Studies of the Uni- With the publication of the sixth volume, the versity of Nebraska. It is the result of an extensive “Eversley” Tennyson (Macmillan) is now complete. original investigation of the history of the Elizabethan The special feature of this edition is found in the anno- children-companies of players, and is only a foretaste of tations, which are the poet's own, either left in his what is to come, for the writer contemplates extending autograph, or taken down verbatim from his table-talk. the work until it shall fill three large volumes, including They are of the utmost value, and make the present the many documents which he will reprint. Some of a 66 66 " 22 56 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 36 titles, includes books received by The Dial since its last issue.] : these documents are of extreme importance to Shake- spearean students, and are of the author's own un- earthing. They are merely referred to in the present monograph, but will be published in full when the com- plete work is ready. In connection with the Lincoln centennial, Messrs. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. have reprinted in their well- known “ Astor" series the work entitled: “ Abraham Lincoln: Tributes from his Associates, Reminiscences of Soldiers, Statesmen, and Citizens." This book, first published in 1895, is one of the most interesting of the innumerable volumes on Lincoln. An edition of “ Robinson Crusoe,” intended to com- bine “an embodiment of appropriateness and charm with an appeal for the booklover, for the sophisticated reader," has just been published by the Houghton Mifflin Co. This handsome library edition fills two volumes, uniform with the James Howell of the same publishers, and is illustrated by Stothard's designs, reproduced in photogravure. Some recent English texts are the following : “Mac- beth," “ Julius Cæsar,” and “King Henry the Fifth " (Ginn), being new volumes of the “Hudson Shake- speare "; the “ Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin ” (Heath), edited by H. A. Davidson; Bacon's “ Essays (Heath), edited by Mr. Fred Allison Howe; and Lowell's “ The Vision of Sir Launfal, and Other Poems (Merrill), edited by Professor Julian W. Abernethy. Appropriate to the several centenaries recently or soon to be celebrated, the Directors of the Old South Work announce the following additions to their series of “Old South Leaflets": Milton's Treatise on Education; Lin- coln's Message to Congress, July 4, 1861; Gladstone's “Kin Beyond Sea”; Robert C. Winthrop's Fourth of July Oration, 1876; Dr. Holmes's Fourth of July Ora- tion, 1863; Gladstone's Essay on Tennyson; Darwin's account of his education, from his Autobiography; Winthrop's address on Music in New England. The “Old South Leaflets,” by the way, now comprise nearly two hundred titles. In a volume dainty enough to be deserving of the text, Mr. St. John Lucas has chosen, and Mr. Henry Frowde has published, “ Selected Poems of Pierre de Ronsard” at the Oxford Clarendon Press. From the same source we have a set of five small volumes of good literature, being the following: “Poems by John Clare,” edited by Mr. Arthur Symons; “Select Poems of William Barnes,” edited by Mr. Thomas Hardy; 66 War Songs,” from the fourteenth-century balladists to Tenny- son, selected by Mr. Christopher Stone; Galt's “ Annals of the Parish,” with an introduction by Mr. G. S. Gordon; and a new edition of " Echoes from the Oxford Magazine." A one-volume Commentary on the entire Bible, written by some of the best Biblical scholars of England and America, and edited by the Reverend J. R. Dummelow, is announced by The Macmillan Company. Its purpose is to meet the wants of the ordinary Bible reader by furnishing adequate introductions to the vari- ous books, and notes explaining the principal difficulties which arise in connection with them. The volume includes not only a Commentary on each of the Books of the Bible, but also a series of articles dealing with the larger questions suggested by the Bible as a whole. It has been edited on the principle of incorporating the assured results of modern scholarship, while avoiding extreme or doubtful opinions. BIOGRAPHY. The Maid of France : Story of the Life and Death of Jeanne d'Arc. By Andrew Lang. With portraits in photogravure, etc., 8vo, pp. 379. Longmans, Green, & Co. $3.50 net. Edward Macdowell: A Study. By Lawrence Gilmour. With portraits, 12mo, pp. 190. John Lane Co. $1.50 net. David Swing : Poet-Preacher. By Joseph Fort Newton. With photogravure portrait, large 8vo, uncut, pp. 273. Chicago: Unity Publishing Co. $2. net. Abraham Lincoln : Tributes from his Associates. With introduction by William H. Ward. New edition; with portrait, 12mo, pp. 295. T. Y. Crowell & Co. 60 cts. Sir William Temple: The Gladstone Essay, 1908. By Murray L. R. Beaven. 12mo, uncut, pp. 130. Oxford University Press. HISTORY. old Times on the Upper Mississippi: Recollections of a Steamboat Pilot, from 1854 to 1863. By George B. Merrick. Illus., large 8vo, uncut, gilt top, pp. 323. Cleveland, O.: Arthur H. Clark Co. $3.50 net. Calais Under English Rule. By G. A. C. Sandeman, 12mo, uncut, pp. 140. Oxford University Press. GENERAL LITERATURE. Under Petraia ; with Some Saunterings. By the author of "In a Tuscan Garden." Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 310. John Lane Co. $1.50 net. The Children of the Chapel at Blackfriars, 1597-1603. By Charles William Wallace. Limited edition, large 8vo, uncut, pp. 206. Privately printed by the author. $2.50 net. Balthaser. By Anatole France; trans. by Mrs. John Lane, 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 225. John Lane Co. $2. Heart Thoughts : Papers and Addresses. By Mrs. H. B. Folk. With portraits, 12mo, pp. 80. Philadelphia: Amer- ican Baptist Publication Society. FIOTION. The Missioner. By E. Phillips Oppenheim. Illus.. 12mo, pp. 312. Little, Brown & Co. $1.50. The Red Mouse. By William Hamilton Osborne. Illus. in color, 12mo, pp. 320. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50. The Confession of Seymour Vane. By Ellen Snow. 12mo, pp. 77. R. F. Fenno & Co. Heroines of a Schoolroom. By Ursula Tannenforst. With frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 484. John C. Winston Co. Every Man His Chance. By Matilda Woods Stone. 12mo, pp. 202. Boston: The Gorham Press. Reincarnated: A Romance of the Soul. By Charles Gould Beede. 12mo, pp. 224. Ames, Ia.: Newport Publishing Co. $1.25. VERSE AND DRAMA. The Poems of A. O. Benson. With photogravure portrait, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 320. John Lane Co. $1.50 net. Toward the Uplands: Later Poems. By Lloyd Mifflin. With photogravure portrait, large 8vo, uncut, pp. 76. Oxford University Press. A Florentine Tragedy. By Oscar Wilde; Opening Scene by Sturge Moore. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 66. John W. Luce & Co The Tragedy of Man: A Dramatic Poem. By Imre Madách trans. from the original Hungarian by William N. Loew. 12mo, uncut, pp. 224. New York: The Arcadia Press. $1.50 net. A Man of Destiny: The Story of Abraham Lincoln. By Ernest Linwood Staples. With portraits, 12mo, pp. 71. Springfield, Mass.: Lincoln Publishing Co. Sun Time and Cloud Time: Minor Chorda, Verses, Sketches, and Tales. By Andrew Harvey Scoble. 12mo, pp. 200. R.F. Fenno & Co. The Angel of Thought and Other Poems: Impressions from Old Masters. By Ethel Allen Murphy. Illus., 8vo, gilt top. Boston: The Graham Press. $1. THEOLOGY AND RELIGION. The Greek and Eastern Churches. By Walter F. Adeney. 12mo, pp. 634. "International Theological Library." Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50 net. The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria, especially in its Relations to Israel. By Robert William Rogers. Mus., large 8vo, pp. 235. Eaton & Mains. $2. net. 1909.] 57 THE DIAL You can preserve your current numbers of The DIAL at a trif- ing cost with the PERFI ERFECT AMPHLET RESERVER The Church and the Slum : A Study of English Wesleyan Mission Halls. By William H. Crawford. Illus., 12mo, pp. 146. Eaton & Mains. $1.75 net. Stewardship and Missions. By Charles A. Cook. Illus., 12mo, pp. 170. Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society. MISCELLANEOUS. The Law of War between Belligerents: A History and Commentary, By Percy Bordwell. Large 8vo, pp. 374. Chicago: Callaghan & Co. Semitio Magic: Its Origins and Development. By R. Campbell Thompson. 8vo, pp. 286. London: Luzac & Co. Phrenology; or, The Doctrine of the Mental Phenomena. By J. G. Spurzheim; edited, with Introduction, by Cyrus Elder. Revised from second American edition; illus., 8vo, pp. 459. J. B. Lippincott Co. $3. net. Gillette's Industrial Solution: World Corporation. By Melvin L. Severy. Large 8vo, pp. 598. Boston: Ball Pub- lishing Co. $1.50 net. Human Body and Health. By Alvin Davison. Illus., 12mo, pp. 320. American Book Co. 80 cts. Bornier's La Fille de Roland. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by C. A. Nelson. 16mo, pp. 116. D.C. Heath & Co. Profit and Loss in Man. By Alphonso A. Hopkins. 12mo, pp. 376. Funk & Wagnalls Co. $1.20 net. Westward 'round the World. By E. S. Wright. Illus., 12mo, pp. 245. E. P. Dutton & Co. Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution, 1907. Illus., large 8vo, pp. 726. Washington: Government Print- ing Office. Sardonics : Sixteen Sketches. By Harris Merton Lyon. 12mo, pp. 225. New York: Metropolitan Syndicate, Inc. An improved form of binder holding one number or a vol- ume as firmly as the leaves of a book. Simple in operation, and looks like a book on the shelf. Substantially made, with “THE DIAL" stamped on the back. Sent, postpaid, for 25 CENTS THE THE MOSHER BOOKS CATALOGUE THE DIAL COMPANY, CHICAGO Mosher Books The only collec- tion of genu- ine band-made paper books at popular prices in America. My New Catalogue covering every title I have published, 1891-1908 inclusive, is now ready, and will be mailed free on request. It is without ques- tion a bibelot in itself and as choice a production as I can hope to offer. THOMAS B. MOSHER PORTLAND, MAINE BOOK OOK publishers and book journals are alike sustained by a book public. The people who read book journals are the ones who buy books. Daily papers and miscel- laneous journals have miscellaneous read- ers, some of whom are bookish people. All the readers of a book journal are bookish people. THE DIAL is preeminently a book journal, published solely in the interests of the book class, - the literary and culti- - vated class. NEW YORK'S LARGEST BOOK STORE Has an exceptional array of Book-Bargains to offer collectors in the January CLEARANCE CATALOG just issued, and which will be sent post free on request to HENRY MALKAN Nos. 42 BROADWAY and 55 NEW STREET Telephones : 3900, 3901, and 3902 Broad. 3 The Bed Rock of Religious Liberty. The Origin of the Golden Rule. Who is Responsible for Present Moral Conditions ? The Philosopher's Solution of the Devil Problem. Jesus Christ's One Church for the World. The Philosopher's Protest Against the Illogical Teaching of the Atone- ment Doctrine. These booklets are all along new lines of thought. All sent postpaid for 25 cents. Address H. G. LYONS, Stamps taken. BARRYTON, KANSAS. THE HE DIAL is more generally consulted and depended upon by LIBRARIANS in making up ORDERS FOR BOOKS than any other American critical journal; it circu- lates more widely among RETAIL BOOK- SELLERS than any other journal of its class; it is the accustomed literary guide and aid of thousands of PRIVATE BOOK-BUYERS, covering every section of the country. RARE and unusual BOOKS on South America, Texas, Mexico, West Indies, etc. LATIN-AMERICA BOOK COMPANY, Catalogue on application. 203 Front St., NEW YORK CITY. 58 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL JAMES D. BRUNER'S HUGO'S DRAMATIC CHARACTERS The Home Poetry Book 00 Able Hugo criticism." - Courier-Journal. Deeply interesting literary criticism." - The Dial. A fine specimen of literary criticism of the inductive type." - The Outlook. GINN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS » We have all been wanting so long. STUDY and PRACTICE of FRENCH in Four Parts L. C. BONAME, Author and Publisher, 1930 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. Well-graded series for Preparatory Schools and Colleges. No time wasted in superficial or mechanical work. French Tert: Numerous exercises in conversation, translation, composition. Part I. (60 cts.): Primary grade; thorough drill in Pronunciation. Part II. (90 cts.): Intermediate grade; Essentials of Grammar; 4th edition, revised, with Vocabulary; most carefully graded. Part III. ($1.00): Composition, Idioms, Syntax; meets requirements for admission to college. Part IV. (35c.): handbook of Pronunciation for advanced grado; concise and com- prehensive. Sent to teachers for examination, with a view to introduction. Edited by FRANCIS F. BROWNE Editor “Poems of the Civil War," "Laurel Crowned Verse," etc. Author "Everyday Life of Lincoln," etc., etc. "GOLDEN POEMS" contains more of everyone's favorites than any other collection at a popu. lar price, and has besides the very best of the many fine poems that have been written in the last few years. Other collections may contain more poems of one kind or more by one author. “GOLDEN POEMS" (by British and American Authors) has 550 selections from 300 writers, covering the whole range of English literature. WILLIAM R. JENKINS CO. Stationers , and Printer: Booksellers, 861-863 SIXTH AVE., Cor. 48th St., NEW YORK FRENCH READ OUR ROMANS CHOISIS. 26 Titles. Paper AND OTHER 60 cts., cloth 85 cts. per volume. CONTES TOREIGN CHOISIS. 24 Titles. Paper 25 cts., cloth BOOKS 40 cts. per volume. Masterpieces, pure, by well- Complete cata known authors. Read extensively by classes; logs on request. notes in English. 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Price, $1.50. THE NEW YORK BUREAU OF REVISION Established in 1880. LETTERS OF CRITICISM, EXPERT REVISION OF MSS. Advice as to publication. Address DR. TITUS M. COAN, 70 FIFTH Ave., NEW YORK CITY “The Memoirs of a failure" WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE MAN AND HIS MANUSCRIPT. By DANIEL W. KITTREDGE. Cloth, $1.25 net. U. P. JAMES, Bookseller, Cincinnati. GOLDEN GOLDEN POEMS F. M. HOLLY Authors' and Publishers' Representative Circulars sent upon request. 156 Fifth Avenue, New YORK. BOOKS. ALL OUT-OP: PRINT BOOKS SUPPLIED, OEMS correo By 1:20WKE no matter on what subjoct. Writo us. Wo can get you any book ovor published. Plonso stato wants. Catalogue troe. BAKER'S GREAT BOOK SHOP, 14-16 Bright St., BIRMINGHAU, Exe. 3 PRIVATE LIBRARY FOR SALE Rare and Valuable Books in Science, Mechanics, Literature, Shakespeareana. Prices low. Send for catalogue. JOHN C. PHIN, PATERSON, N. J. SCARCE AND FINE BOOK CATALOGUE Issued monthly and mailed free on request. ALWAYS INTEREST- ING. PRICES LOWEST. Send for one. JOSEPH MODONOUGH CO. (Established 1870.) 98 State Street, ALBANY, N. Y. EDITED BY FRANCIS E BROWNE SYURG “TOM JONES" GRATIS! Send address and receive Fielding's masterpiece, cloth bound, all charges paid. Richest and rarest of novels; Scott called it "true to life and inimitable." Hard to find in bookstores and then costly. Send only $1. for the Pathfinder a year - the well-known national weekly review - and get book free. PATHFINDER PUBLISHING CO., WASHINGTON, D. C. 1909.] 59 THE DIAL MODERN PHILOLOGY THIS HIS JOURNAL, the leading periodical of its kind in this country, will contain in the January number an article on the authorship of Piers Plowman by M. Jusserand, French Ambassador to the United States. Professor Manly, of the University of Chicago, some time ago announced the discovery of a composite authorship in this poem. No less than five hands, Professor Manly believes, can be traced in the poem. M. Jusserand replies with a vigorous defense of the single-author theory. The journal is issued quarterly. $3.00 a year, single copies $1.00, foreign postage 41 cents. CLASSICAL PHILOLOGY A : and archæology. The list of contributors includes the chief scholars of this country and many of those in Europe. The journal is now beginning its fourth volume. Issued quarterly. $2.50 a year, single copies 75 cents, foreign postage 23 cents. THE CLASSICAL JOURNAL HIS PERIODICAL is devoted to the interests of classical teachers in academies and colleges. on and to serve as a rallying point and a bond of union. Textbooks are reviewed promptly and carefully, and all events of interest to classical teachers are fully described. Published monthly except July, August, September, and October. $1.50 a year, single copies 25 cents, foreign postage 24 cents. CHICAGO ADDRESS DEPARTMENT 20 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS NEW YORK For ENGLAND: LUZAC AND COMPANY, 46 Great Russell St., W. C., London. MSS. . 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LIBRARY DEPARTMENT THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO. WHOLESALE DEALERS IN THE BOOKS OF ALL PUBLISHERS 33 East Seventeenth Street, New York CHICAGO 60 [Jan. 16, 1909. THE DIAL The Magapine. you need а a magazine that keeps you in touch with the life and progress of our day. . 5100 Year Pea Cala **CURRENT LITERATURE FOR DIO THE CURRENT LITERATURE PUBLISHING CO, 41-43 Wert 25th Street, New York CURRENT LITERATURE is an illustrated review of the world's opinions and the world's events. It keeps the busy man and woman thoroughly posted, and is an ideal magazine for every home-of interest to Edited by EDWARD J WHEELER : each member of the family. Every de- partment of human interest is treated: AN ILLUSTRATED Review of the World. Science and Discovery. NEWS MAGAZINE Persons in the Fore. Religion and Ethics. ground. Recent Poetry. OF CURRENT LIFE Literature and Art. Recent Fiction, INDISPENSABLE TO Music and the Drama. The Humor of Life. 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This department is of surpassing interest and value to its readers because it brings into proper perspective the big events of the month-the vital things, those that keep the world moving. Ask your newsdealer for a copy or write us for a Sample, 25c. a copy, $3.00 a Year Current Literature Publishing Co., 41 W. 25th St., New York THE DIAL PRESS, FINE ARTS BUILDING, CHICAGO JAN 29 1909 Х THE DIAL E A SEMI-MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information EDITED BY | Volume XLVI. FRANCIS F. BROWNE S No. 543. OWNE] CHICAGO, FEB. 1, 1909. 10 cts. a copy. S FINE ARTS BUILDING $2. a year. 203 Michigan Blvd. Lincoln Centenary 1809 February 12 — 1909 POPULAR AND VALUABLE BOOKS ON LINCOLN JUST PUBLISHED THE ANCESTRY of ABRAHAM LINCOLN By J. HENRY LEA and J. R. HUTCHINSON An important new contribution to Lincoln lore, in which his English ancestry is traced four generations further back than it has been before, and many new facts concerning his ancestors in this country are brought out. Handsomely printed and richly illustrated in photogravure. Special Edition of 1000 copies. Quarto, $10.00 net. Postpaid. A LIFE of LINCOLN for BOYS and GIRLS By CHARLES W. MOORES A simple, clear, and interesting story of Lincoln's life written particularly for younger readers. The chief events in his public life are given in such a way as to reveal the unique personality and the great character of the man. With six half-tone illustrations. 60 cents net. Postpaid. STANDARD WORKS .. LINCOLN: MASTER OF MEN By ALONZO ROTHSCHILD “The best book, both in style and in content, yet written on this phase of Lincoln's character. It is one of the books that will last." - Chicago Record-Herald. Anniversary Edition. With photogravure portrait. Crown 8vo, $1.50 net. Postpaid, $1.65. ABRAHAM LINCOLN By CARL SCHURZ and TRUMAN H. BARTLETT This is a volume that no one interested in the subject can afford to overlook. Schurz's tribute has an imperishable place in the literature of the subject. But were the contents of the volume less worthy, the book itself is an artistic achievement of which the publishers have every reason to be proud.” – New York Post. Special Edition of 1000 copies, of which the greater part have already been sold. Quarto, $10.00 net. Postpaid. ABRAHAM LINCOLN By JOHN T. MORSE, Jr. "Mr. Morse has the biographical instinct. He knows what things to select and what to reject to illustrate a great career, and his power of condensation is admirable." - New York Post. In two volumes. With portrait. $2.50. THE GETTYSBURG SPEECH LINCOLN'S EMANCIPATION and Other Papers PROCLAMATION By ABRAHAM LINCOLN A Broadside limited to 175 copies, specially printed In the Riverside Literature series, for use in schools and on handmade paper under the direction of Mr. Bruce elsewhere. Paper, 15 cents net. Postpaid. Together with Schurz's Lincoln, one volume, linen, Rogers. 20 x 30 inches. Suitable for framing. 40 cents net. Postpaid. $4.00 net. Postpaid. Special Circulars describing these books will be sent Free on request to the Publishers. HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY BOSTON AND NEW YORK 62 [Feb. 1, THE DIAL IMPORTANT 1908 BOOKS FOR LIBRARIES Published by LITTLE, BROWN, & COMPANY, Boston, Mass. General Literature HOWE, MAUD. SUN AND SHADOW IN SPAIN. With four plates in color and numerous other illustrations. 410+8 pp. Cloth, $3.00 net; half morocco, $5.50 net. More personal and intimate than either 'Roma Beata' or Two in Italy.'" — Chicago Record-Herald. SHELLEY, HENRY C. UNTRODDEN ENGLISH WAYS. With plates in color, half-tones, and illustrations in text from photographs taken by the author. 341 + 15 pp. Cloth, $3.00 net; half morocco, $5.50 net. "He has brought to light many forgotten pages of English history, and he has led us deep into the heart of many forgotten scenes in literary England." — Boston Transcript. fiction - Continued BURTON, RICHARD. THREE OF A KIND. Illus. 267 +8 pp. $1.50. “It has humor and quaintness; it exalts, not the fashions of the hour, but the eternal symbols of honor - courage, simplicity, loyalty, unselfishness. 'Dun' deserves to line up beside Rab, and the mute friend of Ulysses, and Hogarth's 'Trump,' and even the brave 'Barry,' whose noble career is memorialized at Berne." - New York Times. - ANDERSON, ADA WOODRUFF. THE HEART OF THE RED FIRS. Illus. 818 pp. $1.50. “The very breath of the wilderness, wild, pungent, enchant- ing, seems to blow through this good novel. The tense yet repressed and low-keyed life of a new, undeveloped country thrills from it. And there is effective character drawing as well." - - Chicago Record-Herald. JAMES, GEORGE WHARTON. THROUGH RA. MONA'S COUNTRY. Fully illustrated from photo- graphs. 406 + 11 pp. Cloth, $2.00 net; half morocco, 4.00 net. "Reveals unsuspected facts regarding the true and fictitious features of Mrs. Jackson's story." – Philadelphia Press. WHITING, LILIAN. PARIS THE BEAUTIFUL, Colored frontispiece and numerous plates. 399 pp. Cloth, $2.00 net; half morocco, $4.00 net. "She pictures outside Paris for us, but she turns an equal attention to the other Paris, the Paris of art and thought, imagin- ative Paris, the spirit of a city unusually original and distinc- tive." - Bookseller, Newsdealer, and Stationer. WARNER, ANNE. AN ORIGINAL GENTLEMAN. Frontispiece. 389 pp. $1.50. "Sympathy far removed from the maudlin and wit untainted by cynicism; clear understanding of character and crisp style – these are her conspicuous virtues." — Boston Advertiser. COMSTOCK, HARRIET T. JANET OF THE DUNES. Illus. 297 + 8 pp. $1.50. “The breath of the sea is in it and the freedom of the dunes. The heroine is an exquisite creation.” – Margaret Sangster. . CURTIN, JEREMIAH. THE MONGOLS IN RUSSIA. Companion volume of “The Mongols." Photogravure frontis- piece and map. 481 + 20 pp. $3.00 net. “His work possesses vivid and dramatic qualities, and embodies facts inaccessible to the ordinary student of history." - Rochester Herald. MAHAN, CAPT. A. T. NAVAL ADMINISTRATION AND WARFARE. 409 + 14 pp. $1.50 net. "Illuminating essays. Wise suggestion and patriotic instruc- tion find place on nearly every page of this valuable book." - Philadelphia North American. Children's Books RAY, ANNÁ CHAPIN. SIDNEY AT COLLEGE. Illustrated. 289 pp. $1.50. When in doubt about a new book, buy an old one by Miss Ray,' is the maxim by which & competent maiden aunt guides successfully the Christmas shopping for her nieces and others. It is a good rule, the merit of which will not be impaired by the new volume of the Sidney Series. This is among the very best of the college books, and it neither idealizes nor minimizes the work, the fun, and the opportunities." - Boston Christian Register. > Fiction 1 TILESTON, MARY W. CHILDREN'S TREASURE. TROVE OF PEARLS. Illus. 378 + 9 pp. $1.50. A capital idea has been carried out by Mrs. Tileston. She has gone back to the story books of fifty years ago for selec- tions, and these are so well forgotten that the stories will be perfectly new to little readers; newer than most of the novelties gleaned from folklore, for these are pretty sure to be only vari- ants of stories with which they are familiar." – New York Sun. BOURGET, PAUL. THE WEIGHT OF THE NAME. Translated by George Burnham Ives. 349 pp. $1.50. "Easily the leader among recent works of fiction. Here is more than a powerful story excellently told. Without offering a line of historical writing, M. Bourget's pages present the social history of France through the transitions of late genera- tions, as long chapters of a formal account might fail to do." - New York World. GODFREY, HOLLIS. THE MAN WHO ENDED WAR. Illustrated. 301 pp. $1.50. One of the most startling books of the season, and from a literary standpoint one of the best. This is really a sterling piece of work." - Chicago Unity. ELLIS, KATHARINE RUTH. THE WIDE-AWAKE GIRLS. Illus. 317 pp. $1.50. So cleverly and interestingly written that the other volumes will be looked forward to with impatience. The book abounds in bubbling humor and keenest wit, and the author shows a clear understanding of young girls' natures at school both abroad and at home. The German-American atmosphere of the book is delightful." — " — Boston Journal. OPPENHEIM, E. PHILLIPS. THE LONG ARM OF MANNISTER. Illus. 278 pp. $1.50. “Mr. Oppenheim hits the bull's eye of popular taste with the certainty of a marksman who has fixed his rifle in a vise. He has always the same success at chaining sensations together and hiding one mystery inside another. Unlike most detective stories his plots are not mechanical and his people not marion- ettes." - The Independent. JOHNSON, CLIFTON. THE ELM-TREE FAIRY BOOK. Illus. 338 + 13 pp. $1.50. “Folk stories from different countries are here brought to- gether in the third volume of fairy tales collected by Mr. John- son. A much larger proportion of them are unfamiliar than is usually the case with such collections." - Boston Christian Register. LITTLE, BROWN, & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, BOSTON, MASS. . 1909.] 63 THE DIAL Now Ready : Mrs. Henry de la Pasture's CATHERINE'S CHILD Cloth, $1.20 net. (Postage 14 cents) R EADERS of Mrs. de la Pasture's previous novels will welcome this new one in her best manner. The author's name is sufficient guaranty for “Catherine's Child," which is one of the most charming books she has written. There is delightful character drawing and a wealth of the atmosphere that attracted people in “Peter's Mother." The scene is laid in London and Devon, which furnishes a picturesque setting for the story. 9) OTHER BOOKS BY MRS. DE LA PASTURE Each Volume $1.50 PETER'S MOTHER “The whole story is delightful.” - Church Standard. “One of the most charming novels it has been our good fortune to meet." Boston Herald. . THE LONELY LADY OF GROSVENOR SQUARE "A charming successor to 'Peter's Mother.'” - North American. “In 'The Lonely Lady' the author is at her best." — St. Paul Dispatch. > (6 - THE MAN FROM AMERICA: A Sentimental Comedy “Comedy of the most charming kind." - New York Times. “We do not know a more just and appreciative study of a cultivated and thoroughly American American than the picture of Iron P. Brett.” Outlook. THE GREY KNIGHT The subsidiary characters in the beau- tiful and engrossing story are all drawn with fine literary skill, and this novel will take its place among the best of the year.” Boston Herald. “The story is told with Mrs. de la Pas- ture's delightful appreciation of the fine shades." – Chicago Evening Post. - CATHERINE OF CALAIS "We highly commend the new novel - Catherine of Calais' - by Mrs. de la Pasture.” – Outlook. "It is pleasant to be able to acknow- ledge so clean and so sweet a book.” - New York Times. 6 DEBORAH OF TOD'S “The same charm of style that made ' Peter's Mother' a favorite." - Chicago Evening Post. “In 'Deborah' we would not have one word eliminated.” — Chicago Tribune. . E. P. DUTTON & CO. . 31 WEST 23D ST. NEW YORK CITY 64 [Feb. 1, THE DIAL INDISPENSABLE BOOKS FOR LIBRARIES а Modern Constitutions By Walter Fairleigh Dodd This collection contains the texts, in English translation, where English is not the original language, of the constitutions or fundamental laws of the Argentine nation, Australia, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chili, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. These constitutions have not heretofore been available in any one English collection, and a number of them have not before appeared in English translation. Each constitution is preceded by a brief historical introduction, and is followed by a select list of the most important books dealing with the government of the country under consideration. 2 vols., 750 pages, 8vo, cloth; net $5.00; postpaid, $5.42. Primary Elections By C. Edward Merriam For students of American political history and especially of American party history, this volume will be par- ticularly valuable. It gives a clear account of the various laws and cases and a critical discussion of the present primary question. The absence of literature on this subject makes the appearance of the book especially timely. Many general readers as well as the special students will find it of interest. 300 pages, 12mo, cloth; net $1.25; postpaid $1.35. Industrial Insurance in the United States By Charles Richmond Henderson This describes the systems of industrial insurance in Germany, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, Austria, Spain, Finland, and Australia: it explains the plans now used by American business firms, such as Swift & Co., Studebaker Bros., The International Harvester Co., Western Electric Co., New York Edison Co., Steinway & Sons, and the Standard Oil Co. Compulsory insurance is no more unreasonable than compulsory education or compulsory tax- ation. It is a logical social development, and this book is the most comprehensive analysis of the movement yet published. 448 pages, 8vo, cloth; net $2.00; postpaid $2.19. ADDRESS DEPARTMENT 20 CHICAGO THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS NEW YORK DAYBREAK IN TURKEY Literature and the American College ESSAYS IN DEFENSE OF THE HUMANITIES By IRVING BABBITT “ Now and then out of a mass of books on educational topics — words, words, words,'— there emerges a volume of real value and epoch-making significance. Such is Pro- fessor Babbitt's discussion of the problem confronting the teachers of ancient and modern literature in American colleges. It is noteworthy for its insight, its good sense, its courage, and withal its wide philosophical perspective." - South Atlantic Quarterly. “In the murky state of the educational atmosphere Professor Irving Babbitt's · Literature and the American College' comes like a stroke of clear lightning. For cutting satire nothing equal to this arraignment has been produced since Lowell's day. And it not only sets forth the evil of the present system of instruction, but points the way constructively to a wholesome reform.". The Independent. • To all scholarly persons the volume will be interest- ing, but to the graduate at large it will be much more than that. If he absorbs and understands its message, the reading of it may rank as an experience."— Yale Alumni Weekly. $1.25 net. Postpaid, $1.36. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company New York By JAMES L. BARTON Turkey is attempting to carry out one of the most stupen- dous reformations ever undertaken by a nation. It amounts to a sweeping revolution brought about without the shed- ding of blood. The eyes of all the world are turned to the Bosphorus as her new parliament assembles and attempts to enact her constitution into practical laws. This is one of the most timely books of the year. The author of "Daybreak in Turkey" especially qualified himself for producing this work by a residence of seven years in the heart of the country. He has personally visited the principal cities in the empire, having travelled upon horse- back and otherwise many thousands of miles from Constan. tinople to the head waters of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, across Armenia and Koordistan again and again, and into Mesopotamia and Syria. His practical knowledge of some of the languages spoken by the people of the country gave him special facilities for securing accurate first-hand information from all classes. His office as Secretary of the American Board has helped him in the closest relations with both Americans and natives in all parts of Asia Minor, Northern Syria, Armenia, and Koordistan for the last decade and more. These are the regions that are most closely related to the administration of the country, and the ones most disturbed politically and socially during the past century. His official responsibil- ities have demanded a knowledge of all international ques- tions relating to the protection in the country of American interests. DESCRIPTION OF BOOK 872 inches length, 534 inches width. 296 pages, 6 full-page illustrations, decorative binding, gold top. Price, $1.50 net. The Pilgrim Press BOSTON, 14 Beacon St. CHICAGO, 175 Wabash Ave. 1909.] 65 THE DIAL NEW BOOKS FOR LIBRARIES Published by J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, PHILADELPHIA, during 1908 MISCELLANEOUS EMERSON, ARTHUR I., and WEED, CLARENCE M. Our Trees: How to Know Them Illustrated. Size, 742 x 10 inches. Cloth, $3.00 net. FROBENIUS, LEO The Childhood of Man Translated by A. H. Keane, LL.D. Illustrated. Octavo. Cloth, $3.00 net. FURNESS, HORACE HOWARD, Jr. Richard the Third The New Variorum Edition of Shakespeare Royal Octavo. Extra Cloth, uncut edges, gilt top, $4.00 net; Three-quarter Levant, $5.00 net. MAYNARD, SAMUEL T. The Small Country Place Illustrated. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50 net. WALTON, GEORGE LINCOLN, M.D. Why Worry ? Frontispiece. 12mo. Cloth, $1.00 net. WHARTON, ANNE HOLLINGSWORTH An English Honeymoon Illustrated. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50 net. WEED, CLARENCE M., D.Sc. Wild Flower Families 80 illustrations from photographs. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50 net. HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, AND TRAVEL BRUMBAUGH, MARTIN G., Ph.D., LL.D. The Life and Works of Christopher Dock Illustrated. Octavo. Cloth, in a bo