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The Record-Herald refuses to print "get rich quick” and other deceptive advertisements. In fact, if you want to reach the people who read good books you can do so most directly and economically by advertising in The Chicago Record-Herald 208 [March 16, 1909. THE DIAL SOME OF HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY'S SPRING BOOKS PUBLISHED AT 34 WEST THIRTY-THIRD STREET, NEW YORK FICTION Bashford's THE PILGRIM'S MARCH Ready. $1.50. A novel of unusual merit. About a light-hearted pilgrim to the shrine of art who fell among puritans. “Somewhat of the temperament of Miss Sinclair's - Divine Fire.' . . . Reaches a powerful climax with intensely dramatic effect. . . . Will be one of the notable books of the season."-- Washington (D. C.) Star. Shaw and Beckwith's. THE LADY OF THE DYNAMOS Ready. $1.50. An appealing love story of a young electrical engineer and an English girl in Ceylon. Eaton and Underhill's THE RUNAWAY PLACE April. Probable price, $1.25. A fanciful idyll of Central Park that will attract attention. Parker's HOMESPUN By the author of “Way Down East.” May. $1.50. A story of New England village life that is quite exceptional, with much good realism and plenty of humor. Miller's LESS THAN KIN April. Probable price, $1.25. By the author of “ A Modern Obstacle," etc. An amusing and clever story of a clean-cut young fellow from South America, who is welcomed as a prodigal son into an exclusive New York family of entire strangers. » NON-FICTION IN THE AMERICAN NATURE SERIES Holder and Jordan's FISH STORIES Ready. $1.75 net. Alleged and experienced, with a little history, natural and unnatural. With colored plates and many illustrations. Comprises fishing lore, accounts of unusual exploits, and good fish stories. Sternberg's THE LIFE OF A FOSSIL HUNTER Ready. $1.60 net. A most interesting autobiography of the oldest and best-known explorer in this field. Knowlton and Ridgway's BIRDS OF THE WORLD March. Probable price, $7.00 net. A popular account. The most comprehensive one-volume bird book. Sixteen colored plates and several hundred other illustrations. 6 Carter's WHEN RAILROADS WERE NEW March. Probable price, $2.50 net. For general readers. Covers the railroad builders and the picturesque history of the great systems up to the time they cease to be unusual and become commercial. With 16 illustrations. Coolidge's THE CHINESE IN THE UNITED STATES April. Probable price, $1.50 net. A valuable addition to the American Public Problems Series. Earlier volumes are Hall's“ Immigration" and Haynes's “ Election of Senators.” Dudley and Kellor's ATHLETIC GAMES IN THE EDUCATION OF WOMEN An exposition of conditions and a manual for instructors and players. Ready. $1.25 net. Finch's THE BLUE AND THE GRAY Ready. $1.30 net. Besides the famous title poem this contains some forty-five other pieces, with an introduction by Andrew D. White. Seaman's SALVAGE Ready. $1.25 net. By the Editor of Punch and author of “Borrowed Plumes” and “A Harvest of Chaff.” FIFTY YEARS OF DARWINISM March. Probable price, $2.00 net. Eleven centennial addresses in honor of Charles Darwin, delivered before the American Association for the advancement of Science, January, 1909. McPherson's FREIGHT TARIFFS AND TRAFFIC April. Probable price, $2.00 net. By the author of “The Working of the Railroads." An elementary study of the freight rates of the railroads of the United States in their economic relations. JUVENILES BY CHICAGO AUTHORS Burton's BOB'S CAVE BOYS Illustrated by Victor Perard. March. $1.50. A sequel to “The Boys of Bob's Hill” already in its third edition. Hunting's WITTER WHITEHEAD'S OWN STORY Illustrated by H. S. De Lay. March. $1.25. A story for boys, about a lucky splash of whitewash, some stolen silver, and a house that was n't vacant. THE DIAL PRESS, FINE ARTS BUILDING, CHICAGO APA cel 009 chee THE DIAL A SEMI-MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information EDITED BY | Volume XLVI. FRANCIS F. BROWNE No. 547. } CHICAGO, APRIL 1, 1909. 10 cts. a copy. $2. a year. { FINE ARTS BUILDING 203 Michigan Blvd. > APRIL PUBLICATIONS DRAGON'S BLOOD By HENRY MILNER RIDEOUT A brilliant tale of adventure, danger, and love in China during & native uprising, notable for its rich description, varied but real characters, strong, stirring situations, and the mystery of the Far East. Illustrated in color. $1.20 net. Postage extra. OUR NAVAL WAR WITH FRANCE By GARDNER W. ALLEN A scholarly and readable account of a little-known episode in our history. Dr. Alen tells an interesting story of the hostilities between the United States and France during the last years of the 18th century which furnished some of the most stirring exploits in the early history of our navy. Illustrated. $1.50 net. Postage extra. THE STORY OF NEW NETHERLAND By WILLIAM E. GRIFFIS In this volume Dr. Griffis gives a vivid account of the coming of Dutch settlers to America, and the development of Dutch power and influence, especially in our Middle States. Fully illustrated. $1.25 net. Postage extra. A LINCOLN CONSCRIPT By HOMER GREENE An absorbing story of the Civil War, in which Lincoln figures prominently. The story centres about Two South Carolinians, a father and son, living in Pennsylvania, one detested by his neighbors as a copperhead," the other an intense patriot. The stirring events which take place before and after they enter the war will hold the attention of every young reader. With 8 illustrations. $1.50. THE GREAT DIVIDE By WILLIAM VAUGHN MOODY The most brilliant dramatic success on the American stage in the last three years, issued for the first time in book form. An important contribution to American literature. $1.00 net. Postpaid $1.10. HUMAN NATURE IN POLITICS By GRAHAM WALLAS In this volume Mr. Wallas analyzes existing forces and tendencies and presents a new statement of the problem of democracy. The fresh light thrown by recont experiments in government upon such problems as the proper position of the expert in legislation and administration, the struggle of interests in politics, and the new possibilities of international relations, forms the subject-matter of several chapters. $1.50 net. Postage extra. WHEN LINCOLN DIED, and Other Poems By E. W. THOMSON A collection of the work of one of the leading American poets of to-day. Mr. Thomson is an accomplished master of poetic style and his poetry is notable among contemporary volumes for the vivid life that moves in it. $1.26 net. Postage extra. GEOFROY TORY By AUGUSTE BERNARD An important contribution to the history of engraving and typography. This new Riverside Press edi- tion harmonizes admirably with the spirit and feeling of Tory's crisp and sparkling designs. Some of these are familiar to readers of the several monographs on the subject, but many have been taken from original sources and are here reproduced for the first time. Riverside Press edition, limited to not more than 850 numbered copies. Illustrated. Tall 4to. $37.50 net. Postpaid. THE SILVER CUP By CHARLES CUTHBERT HALL A series of practical religious talks delivered by Dr. Hall to the "children and youth" of his church. Like all of his other work, they are exceptionally fine in quality and have a marked fitness for their purpose. $1.25 net. Postpaid $1.37. THE VALLEY OF SHADOWS By FRANCIS GRIERSON A significant volume giving a vivid account of the author's early years in Illinois and Missouri. The book pictures & most interesting epoch in American history that has seldom been equalled in faithfulness and spirit, and gives recollections of Lincoln of special historic moment. $2.00 net. Postage extra. ILLUSTRATED SPRING BULLETIN SENT FREE ON REQUEST BOSTON HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY NEW YORK 210 > THE DIAL [April 1, A NEW HISTORICAL WORK OF FIRST IMPORTANCE THE CONQUEST OF THE GREAT NORTHWEST By Agnes C. Laut T: "HE romantic account of the daring “gentlemen adventurers who were concerned in the exploration and development of the northwestern part of North America. The author obtained her information from archives and documents never before touched by the historian, and the result is a work of great value and thrilling interest. ACCORDING TO The New York Times : « The historian who catches the spirit of a people or a movement is the true historian of humanity. . . . Agnes C. Laut has written a history of this sort.” The Chicago Tribune : “ Outside of Parkman's pages there is no more stirring chronicle of American history than that which Miss Laut has given us." Boston Herald: “Her history carries conviction at all points, and seems to reproduce the actual atmosphere of the days whereof it speaks.” . CLOTH. FULLY ILLUSTRATED. TWO VOLUMES IN BOX. PRICE, $5.00 NET. THE DOLL DOLL BOOK Besides conveying to the student an idea of the Doll's standing in matters relating to history, sociology, and ethnology, this book, by reason of its entertaining subject matter and beautiful illustrations in color and half-tone, is especially interesting to mother and child. By Laura B. Starr. $3.00 net. а - BY THE SHORES OF ARCADY Fannie Hardy Eckstorm says: “Can the quiet books compete with the sensational ones? Remember The Lady of the Decoration and Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch, and read this and see.” This book is unlike either, but it is quiet — and charming. By Isabel Graham Eaton. Price $1.25 WHY WE LOVE LINCOLN Mr. James Creelman's trib- ute to the Captain who stood at the Nation's helm during the stormy period of the Civil War cannot but em- phasize John Hay's estimate of Lincoln as the “greatest character since Christ.” It is written with great sym- pathy and understanding. Price $1.25 net. ALINE OF THE GRAND WOODS This is a novel for discrimin- ating people — one that will remind readers of the time when authors had not yet learned to write potboilers. It tells a dramatic story of the “Cajuns” in the rice ' fields of Louisiana, and is a refreshing piece of literature. By Nevil G. Henshaw. Price $1.50. > - THE OUTING PUBLISHING COMPANY, 35 WEST 31st STREET, NEW YORK 1909.] 211 THE DIAL DUFFIELD & COMPANY'S SPRING LIST NEW FICTION H. C. Chatfield-Taylor Autho women lidceA Biography.” “The Crimson Wing.” “ The Land of the Castanet,” and a ," etc. “FAME'S PATHWAY” A novel by the distinguished biographer of Molière, dealing with the early life and love romance of the great French dramatist. A book full of character study and action. Pictures by "JOB." $1.00 postpaid. H. Handel Richardson “MAURICE GUEST" A novel of musical student life at Leipzig. "There can be no doubt that Mr. Richardson's romantic realism is the best work of fiction of the present year.' - London Daily News. $1.50 postpaid. Mrs. Henry Dudeney “RACHEL LORIAN" A romance of life and temperament well worked out ... set before us sympathetically, and with skill and power.” – Detroit Free Press. $1.00 postpaid. Alice Perrin “IDOLATRY” A real triumph, for in this book Mrs. Perrin treads on territory scrupulously avoided by the ordinary Anglo-Indian novelist - that occupied by the missionaries.” – London Times. $1.50 postpaid. Helen Mackay “ HOUSES OF GLASS” Stories and Sketches of Paris, illustrated by E. F. FOLSOM. Paper covers. They are all better than the average of De Maupassant, and some of them press his best very close. They smack of genius." - WALTER LITTLEFIELD in Chicago Record-Herald. $1.00 net; by mail, $1.06. Lawrence North “SYRINX” A novel by a new author. with humor and pathos cleverly worked together: the story of an old scholar in love with a young and capricious girl. Frontispiece by John RAE. $1.60 postpaid. 1. Third Edition “TONO-BUNGAY” Third Edition in London is being received with an almost unanimous chorus of praise. Mr. W. L. COURTNEY writes of it in the Daily Telegraph in the following ecstatic terms: We think that “TONO-BUNGAY” will prove to be Mr. H. G. Wells's ‘David Copperfield.' One of the most significant novels of modern times, one of the sincerest and most unflinching analyses of the dangers and perils of our contemporary life that any writer has had the courage to submit to his own generation. Mr. Wells has certainly done nothing to approach this book, both for courage and conviction.'- Boston Evening Transcript. $1.80 postpaid. SECOND EDITIONS Marguerite Bryant “CHRISTOPHER HIBBAULT, ROADMAKER " The story is well worth while; not many of the new novels of recent months are more so. It has a distinctive quality, a strength that is convincing." - Brooklyn Daily Eagle. $1.50 postpaid. W. Somerset Maugham “THE MAGICIAN" "The writer of 'Jack Straw'and 'Lady Frederick'-plays in which John Drew and Ethel Barrymore have starred - and of a half-score of more or less well-known works, puts his name to this nightmare of a singular fascination over the reader." - Detroit Free Press. $1.50 postpaid. Theodora Peck Author of “Hester of the Grants.” “THE SWORD OF DUNDEE” “A story that will charm the hearts of true Scots.” — - Toronto Mail and Empire. Pictures by JOHN RAE. $1.00 postpaid. IMPORTANT RECENT PUBLICATIONS: “ Letters of Mrs. James G. Blaine" Edited by HARRIET 8. BLAINE BEALE. One of the most interesting collections of American letters that have appeared in many years."--Chicago Tribune. "In their unaffected charm they give a picture of political life all the more valuable from the fact of their private and domestic nature." San Francisco Argonaut. 2 vols., cloth, gilt top, boxed. $4.00 net; by post, $4,16. NEW VOLUMES IN THE MEDIEVAL LIBRARY “The Book of the Divine Consolation of St. Angela Da Foligno Translated from the Italian by MARY G. STEEGMANN, with an Introduction; with reproductions of the woodcuts of the original edition, Genoa, 1536. “Early English Romances of Friendship Edited, in modern English, with Introduction and Notes. by EDITH RICKERT. Illustrated by photogravures after illuminations in contemporary MSS. Brown pigskin, antique olasps. $2.00 net; by post, $2.08. The Lamb Shakespeare for the Young “A NIGHT WITH SHAKESPEARE” A charming programme for school entertainments. Leather, $1.00; cloth, 80 cents. AT ALL BOOKSELLERS OR FROM THE PUBLISHERS DUFFIELDS AND COMPANY NEW YORK 36WEST 37TH ST. 212 [April 1, THE DIAL The Story OF INTEREST to LIBRARIANS of a Great Love WE RA VIC The GLORY of the CONQUERED E are now handling a larger per- centage of orders from Public Libraries, School and College Libraries, than any other dealer in the entire country. This is because our book stock, covering all classes and grades of books, is more plete than that of any other book- seller in the United States, enabling us to make full and prompt ship- ments. Also, because we have a well equipped department looking after this special branch of the business. com- By SUSAN GLASPELL A. C. McCLURG & CO. LIBRARY DEPARTMENT CHICAGO This is the story of a love that changes the face of the world, overrides the impossible, and lifts defeat into wonderful victory. "Unless Susan Glaspell is an assumed name covering that of some already well-known author – and the book has qualities so out of the ordinary in American fiction and so individual that this does not seem likely "The Glory of the Conquered' brings for- ward a new author of fine and notable gifts.” - New York Times. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50 postpaid. - MASTERPIECES IN COLOR EDITED BY LEMAN HARE Each 6x 8 inches, brown boards, with 8 reproductions of the artist's work in full, accurate color. Text by recognized critics. Price each 65 cents net; post- paid 73 cents. Full leather, gilt top, $1.50 net; postpaid $1.58. NEW VOLUMES January March May Van Dyck Whistler Constable Da Vinci Rubens Memling Twenty volumes previously published. Send 2-cent stamp for sample illustration. Illustrated circular of all our art publications on application. ANY BOOK advertised or mentioned in this issue may be had from ROWNE'S DOOKSTORE Write for complete information about our spring novels and new publications. The Fine Arts Building Michigan Blva, Chicago FREDERICKA. STOKES COMPANY Publishers 333 Fourth Ave. New York 1909.) 213 THE DIAL BOOKS OF GENERAL INTEREST Unofficial Letters of an Official's Wife By EDITH MOSES. A volume of actual letters, written from the Philippines, and giving a vivid picture of the domestic life of the natives as seen and described by a brilliant woman. 12mo. Cloth. $1.50 net. Modern Educators and Their Ideals By TADASU MISAWA, Ph.D. Sympathetically and significantly, Dr. Misawa gives a general idea of the educational views of philosophers of modern times. 12mo. Cloth. $1.50 net. A History of German Literature By CALVIN THOMAS, LL.D., Gebhard Professor of the Germanic Languages and Literatures, Columbia University. A selection of the most representative and pregnant historical facts. 12mo. Cloth. $1.50 net. Problems of City Government By LEO S. ROWE, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor of Political Science, University of Pennsylvania. Its purpose is to present an analysis of the general principles involved in city growth. 12mo. Cloth. $1.50 net. My Story By HALL CAINE. Illustrated by intimate and hitherto unpublished photographs selected by the author. In this account of his life the famous novelist incorporates the records of his friendship and acquaintance with many of the most eminent literary men of the last century. 8vo. Cloth, gilt top. $2.00 net. Princesse de Lamballe By B. C. HARDY. A full account of this most pathetic victim of “The Reign of Terror,” the most loyal friend and confidant of Marie Antoinette. Handsomely illustrated from contemporary portraits. Demy 8vo. $3.50 special net. The War-Time Journal of a Georgia Girl By ELIZA FRANCIS ANDREWS. « This book should take first rank as one of the most valuable of the remarkable number of accounts of life in the Confederacy which have been finding their way into print.” — The Nation. Illustrated from contemporary photographs. 8vo. Decorated cloth cover, gilt top. $2.50 net. Viva Mexico! By CHARLES M. FLANDRAU. Mexico as seen through the eyes of an American who tells charmingly of the odd human things that interest everybody. 12mo. Cloth. $1.25 net. Our Village By JOSEPH C. LINCOLN. A delightful picture of life on Cape Cod thirty years ago. A splendid book for gift purposes. Many pen-and-ink sketches, four half-tone illustrations, ornamental cover. Printed on toned paper throughout. (To be published April 16.) 12mo. Cloth. $1.50 net. Modern Accounting By HENRY RAND HATFIELD, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Accounting, University of California, A presentation and discussion of the principles of accounting in their important relations. 12mo. Cloth. $1.75 net. The Story of Oil By WALTER H. TOWER, A.M., Ph.D., Professor of Finance, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. The history and growth of the oil industry from ancient times to the present day. Numerous illustrations. (In press.) 12mo. Cloth. $1.00 net. MORE DETAILED INFORMATION ON REQUEST Published by D. APPLETON & CO. 35 W. 32d St. New York 214 [April 1, THE DIAL Economic Prizes SIXTH YEAR In order to arouse an interest in the study of topics relating to commerce and industry, and to stimulate those who have a college training to consider the problems of a business career, a committee composed of Professor J. Laurence Laughlin, University of Chicago, Chairman; Professor J. B. Clark, Columbia University; Professor Henry C. Adams, University of Michigan; Horace White, Esq., New York City, and Hon. Carroll D. Wright, Clark College, have been enabled, through the generosity of Messrs. Hart, Schaffner & Marx, of Chicago, to offer in 1910 prizes under two general heads. Attention is expressly called to a new rule that a competitor is not confined to subjects mentioned in this announcement; but any other subject chosen must first be approved by the Committee. I. Under the first head are suggested herewith a few subjects intended primarily for those who have had an academic training ; but the possession of a degree is not required of any contestant, nor is any age limit set. 1. The effect of labor unions on international trade. 2. The best means of raising the wages of the unskilled. 3. A comparison between the theory and the actual practice of Protectionism in the United States. 4. A scheme for an ideal monetary system for the United States. 5. The true relation of the central government to trusts. 6. How much of J. S. Mill's economic system survives ? 7. A central bank as a factor in a financial crisis. Under this head, Class A includes any American without restriction; and Class B includes only those who, at the time the papers are sent in, are undergraduates of any American college. Any member of Class B may compete for the prizes of Class A. A First Prize of Six Hundred Dollars, and A Second Prize of Four Hundred Dollars are offered for the best studies presented by CLASS A, and A First Prize of Three Hundred Dollars, and A Second Prize of Two Hundred Dollars are offered for the best studies presented by CLASS B. The committee reserves to itself the right to award the two prizes of $600 and $400 of Class A to undergraduates in Class B, if the merits of the papers demand it. II. Under the second head are suggested some subjects intended for those who may not have had an academic training, and who form Class C: 1. The most practicable scheme for beginning a reduction of the tariff. 2. The value of government statistics of wages in the last ten or fifteen years. 3. Opportunities for expanding our trade with South America. 4. The organization of the statistical work of the United States. 5. Publicity and form of trust accounts. One Prize of Five Hundred Dollars is offered for the best study presented by Class C; but any member of Class C may compete in Class A. The ownership of the copyright of successful studies will vest in the doners, and it is expected that, without precluding the use of these papers as theses for higher degrees, they will cause them to be issued in some perma- nent form. Competitors are advised that the studies should be thorough, expressed in good English, and although not limited as to length, they should not be needlessly expanded. They should be inscribed with an assumed name, the class in which they are presented, and accompanied by a sealed envelope giving the real name and address of the competitor. If the competitor is in Class B, the sealed envelope should contain the name of the institution in which he is studying. The papers should be sent on or before June 1, 1910, to J. Laurence Laughlin, Esq. The University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois 1909.) 215 THE DIAL NEW SPRING PUBLICATIONS from MOTOR TOURS IN WALES AND THE Page's BORDER COUNTIES List By Mrs. Rodolph Stawell. With upwards of 70 full-page illustrations in duogravure. $3.00. Ready in March. A beautiful volume of travel covering the most interesting part of Great Britain and the most delightful country in the world. THE SPELL OF ITALY By Caroline Atwater Mason, author of “A Lily of France.” Illustrated from photographs selected by the author. $2.50. Ready in March. This volume includes visits to Naples, Capri, Rome, Padua, Florence, Milan, the Italian Lakes, and the baths of Lucca. FROM CAIRO TO THE CATARACT By Blanche M. Carson. With 48 full-page illustrations in duogravure from photographs taken by the author. $2.50. Ready April 1. An unusually charming narrative of a journey through Egypt. ITALIAN HIGHWAYS AND BYWAYS FROM A MOTOR CAR By Francis Miltoun, author of “In the Land of Mosques and Minarets," etc. Illustrated by Blanche McManus. $3.00. ” Ready. Mr. Miltoun's books of travel have the quality of stimulating the imagination and of arousing the reader's ambition to visit the places described. ") FICTION DAVID BRAN By Morley Roberts, author of “Rachel Marr,” etc. With frontispiece in color by Frank T. Merrill. $1.50. “ Among living novelists Morley Roberts holds a high place; but • David Bran' will enormously strengthen his reputation." – Rochester Post Express. A GENTLEMAN OF QUALITY By Frederic Van Rensselaer Dey. Illustrated. $1.50. A thrilling tale of mistaken identity, the scene of which is laid in England of the present day. THE QUEST FOR THE ROSE OF SHARON By Burton E. Stevenson, author of “The Marathon Mystery,” “The Holladay Case," etc. Illustrated. $1.25. Ready in April. A fascinating tale of mystery written in a quaint and charming style. THE FURTHER ADVENTURES OF QUINCY ADAMS SAWYER By Charles Felton Pidgin, author of “Quincy Adams Sawyer,” “Blennerhassett," etc. Illustrated. $1.50. Ready in April. A sequel to Mr. Pidgin's first great success, “Quincy Adams Sawyer," which contains all the popular appeal of the earlier story. THE MYSTERY OF MISS MOTTE By Caroline Atwater Mason, author of “The Binding of the Strong,” etc. Illustrated. $1.25. Ready in April. Mrs. Mason's story is a delightful combination of mystery and romance, the heroine being a young woman of remarkable personality and charm. L. C. PAGE & COMPANY, NEW ENGLAND BUILDING, BOSTON 216 [April 1, 1909 THE DIAL AN IMPORTANT WORK COMPLETED THIS WEEK Dr. L. H. Bailey's exceptionally valuable Cyclopedia of American Agriculture Edited, with the assistance of over three hundred experts, by L. H. BAILEY, Director of the College of Agriculture, Cornell University, and Chairman of the Commission on Country Life, whose report has recently been forwarded to Congress. In four quarto volumes, with 100 full-page plates, and about 2000 other illustrations. It tells what to do on any farm, and how to do it The work is indispensable to anyone who means to really live in the country. It treats logically the central idea of The Farm as a Livelihood, bringing together every feature of the making of a living, and the building of national life from the farm. CONTENTS VOLUME I. FARMS A general survey of all the agricultural regions of the United States, including Porto Rico, Hawaii, and the Philippines — Advice as to the Projecting of a Farm — The Soil- The Atmosphere. a VOLUME II. — FARM CROPS The Plant and Its Relations - The Manu- facture of Crop Products – North American Field Crops (individually). POINTS TO BE NOTED The whole work is new. Every cut was made, every article written, for this work. Each article is authoritative. All articles are signed ; each is written by the man who knows most of the farm industry of to-day in relation to that special subject. The work is complete. It covers every farm process from the choos- ing of the land to the accounting of receipts and expenses after marketing the crops. It is comprehensive and practical. The book discusses farming in all localities, from the northwestern wheatfields to the trop- ical islands, — tells what crops can be grown and marketed and precisely how to do it. It is broad in its points of view. One article tells how a large farm can be organized on an efficient scale; another, how the small farm can be run to the best advan- tage ; still others, what manufacturing of farm products is practical, and how the farm house- keeping can be made as perfect as possible. VOLUME III. — FARM ANIMALS The Animal and Its Relations — The Manu- facture of Animal Products-North American Farm Animals. VOLUME IV. - SOCIAL ECONOMY IN THE COUNTRY Just ready. Perhaps the most important volume of all; taking the broad view of the relation of the farm to the nation. It contains discussions on education, farm accounting, the costs of production, profitable handling and sale of perishable food crops, etc. Cyclopedia of American Agriculture Any farmer by the use of this work can unquestionably save its cost ten times over; the younger generation will find it tremendously educative. ; In four quarto volumes, fully illustrated, cloth. $20.00 net; half mor., $32.00 (carriage estra). Published by THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 64-66 Fifth Ave.. New York THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. PAGE " THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of THE COPYRIGHT ADVANCE. each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTIOX, 82. a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States, and Mexico; Foreign and Canadian postage 50 cents per year extra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or Among the measures rushed through the six- by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. tieth Congress on the last day of its official Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. When no direct request to discontinue al expiration of sub- existence was “an Act to amend and consolidate scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. Al com the Acts respecting copyright,” and on the first munications should be addressed to day of July the code then adopted will go into THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. effect as the w of the nation. It has taken Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office several years of hard work on the part of the at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. American Copyright League and of private No. 547. APRIL 1, 1909. Vol. XLVI. persons interested in the subject to secure this legislation, and the country is to be congrat- ulated CONTENTS. upon its enactment. It is, of course, a compromise measure in many respects, and it THE COPYRIGHT ADVANCE 217 retains the odious requirement of manufacture in the United States. As long as we shall con- CASUAL COMMENT 219 tinue to submit to the selfish exactions of typog- The compelling personality of Mr. Chesterton. "A book of Verses underneath the Bough." --A raphers and pressmen, and allow this blot to sign of decay in the French novel. -- The proposed disfigure our copyright law, we must remain national graduate school. - Statistics: Handle with excluded from the Berne Convention and keep care! — The ending of a novel. -- A new world- our heads lowered whenever the general question language. - An iconoclastic philosophy. - Hard of fair dealing among nations comes up for dis- times and the reading habit. --“The Jew of Malta ” at Williams College. — The dumb animals' advo- cussion. Nevertheless, there are gains in sev- cate. — The FitzGerald centenary. — “Deformed " eral directions, and we are perhaps brought a spelling up to date. little nearer the day when we may come to be COMMUNICATION. 222 counted among the really civilized nations in our “Poems of American History”- A Note from the treatment of literary property. Compiler. Burton E. Stevenson. First of all, we may be grateful that our A MEMORIAL OF LITERARY FRIENDSHIPS. copyright law is at last intelligently codified. Annie Russell Marble 223 Instead of a bewildering collection of separate acts, imperfectly related to one another, and THE NEW GERMANY. W. H. Carruth 224 few common principles, we now have AMERICA'S FIRST REPRESENTATIVE BODY. a single comprehensive statute, of sixty-four Walter L. Fleming 226 sections and approximately nine thousand words, THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF ENGLISH which makes it possible for a layman to find out LITERATURE. Lane Cooper 227 for himself with reasonable certainty what the law is. FEUDALISM IN CANADA. “ For this relief, much thanks.” We Clarence Walworth Alvord 229 may hope in time to secure a better law, now that this preliminary step has been taken, and BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 230 it is possible even for the reader who runs to Memoirs of a Prefect of Napoleon. -- Life in a New England Cranford. — Italian days preserved by pen survey the law which we now have, and thus get and pencil. -Scottish dames of distinction. — Final a clear idea of what is needed for its improve- views of a great historian. --Some German letters ment. for music-lovers. - The course of operatic art since It is very satisfying to know that the term of Wagner. — The honorable ancestry of Lincoln. - copyright is now extended from forty-two to Old French prints and their charm. fifty-six years, and that the benefit of this ex- BRIEFER MENTION 233 tension may be shared by copyrights now in NOTES 234 force. The practical working of this provision may be shown by saying that it will protect for TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS 235 fourteen years longer a large part of the writ- LIST OF NEW BOOKS 236 | ings of Longfellow, Whittier, Emerson, Holmes, based upon 218 (April 1, THE DIAL a a Lowell, and Aldrich ; nearly all of the works of the possession of which has been lawfully Bret Harte, Parkman, “ Mark Twain," Mr. obtained.” The system of fixed and uniform Howells, and Mr. James ; and many such pop- retail prices for copyrighted books, which our ular books as “Little Women," "The Man publishers and booksellers have been struggling without a Country,” “Ben Hur,” “Uncle " to secure, and which prevails generally in Remus,” and “Rudder Grange.' The books European countries, will probably be main- just named are a few of the many that would tained with greatly increased difficulty after have gone out of copyright during the coming this provision goes into effect. There may also fourteen years; the new law will postpone for be a joker” in the requirement of binding an equal period the date of expiry. The pirate within the limits of the United States for copy- who thought to make “ Little Women and righted books, and we should not be surprised · The Man without a Country " his prey next if one were discovered somewhere in the para- year, and “The Story of a Bad Boy” and graphs dealing with prohibition of importations. “ Innocents Abroad” the year after, will now The manufacturing requirement of the old have to curb his unrighteous inclinations until law providing for international copyright has at 1925 or thereabouts. Looked at in another least been freed from one of its most obnoxious light, it is to be observed that the fifty-six year features. American manufacture is no longer to term practically insures an American author the be a condition of copyright upon books printed control of his own writings as long as he lives ; in foreign languages. Since that stupid require- this provision falls far short of the Berne recom- ment was made in 1891, an average of about mendation of lifetime and fifty years thereafter, one foreign book a year has been given the full and of the practice of many of the more enlight- protection of American copyright, and even the ened nations, but it marks a substantial step in selfish greed of the typographical interests could the right direction. find nothing worth urging in its favor. From The vexed question of musical compositions, this year on, a Frenchman or a German may which has been largely responsible for the delay copyright his books in this country, unless some in coming to an agreement upon the whole sub- Dogberry shall examine them with a microscope, ject of copyright, is now settled by a compro- and find a tabooed English word concealed some- mise which embodies a new principle, but which where in the contents. This suggestion is not should prove reasonably satisfactory to the two a fantastic flight of the imagination, for it is the interested parties, the composer and the manu- incredible truth that books in foreign languages facturer of instruments for the mechanical repro- are occasionally held for duty in our custom- duction of music. To begin with, the composer houses because they contain some chance En- is free, if he wishes, to prevent any form of glish quotation, or book-title, or indexed word ! mechanical reproduction. In case, however, he It is needless to say that the new right now licenses such reproduction at all, or himself acquired by foreign authors will do not a little prepares and offers for sale the mechanical to promote international good feeling. Of the devices for such reproduction, no one shall have manufacturing requirement in general we must a monopoly of the composition in this form, of course say that it is inequitable, and Mr. since - any other person may make similar use G. H. Putnam neatly points out that it has no of the copyrighted work upon the payment to more foundation in logic than in justice. Other the copyright proprietor of a royalty of two countries have a protective policy, and give it cents on each such part manufactured." effect in their tariff laws. Ours is the only one law applies, of course, only to compositions here- to “ confuse copyright law with requirements after to be copyrighted ; the manufacturer of that are concerned simply with the interests of rolls and discs may continue to make free, as labor or of capital.” heretofore, with all works now in the market. One more subject calls for a brief analysis. Every complicated piece of legislation is likely For many years a triangular discussion has been to contain one or more “jokers,” and we imagine carried on between our bookbuyers, booksellers, that the new copyright law will be found fairly and publishers, concerning the importation from well supplied with them. The following words England of books copyrighted in both countries. seem innocent enough, but will probably be The publisher naturally wants a monopoly of found to mean a good deal more than the casual the American market. The bookseller is neutral, reader sees in them : “ Nothing in this Act being as willing to supply his customers with one shall be deemed to forbid, prevent, or restrict edition as with the other. The bookbuyer, being the transfer of any copy of a copyrighted work a person of individual tastes, thinks he ought to 1909.] 219 THE DIAL be free to buy the author's rights being recog- the creatures of our time, thinking its thoughts, nized in both cases) whichever edition he pleases. wearing its clothes, rejoicing in its chains. . . . He So far, our sympathies are entirely with the book- is a wayfarer from the ages, stopping at the inn of buyer, since the publisher who fears the com- life, warming himself at the fire, and making the petition of the English edition needs just that rafters ring with his jolly laughter.” Zest and heartiness and the joy of living are qualities too stimulus to encourage him in making his own admirable not to be cordially welcomed, even though edition no less attractive. But here comes the their favorite medium of literary expression be the Copyright Act, telling the buyer that he may now much over-worked paradox. import a copy (two copies under the old law) for use, but forbidding the bookseller to import even “ A BOOK OF VERSES UNDERNEATH THE Bough," a single copy for sale. This is rather hard on but probably without any accompanying Jug of the bookseller, and we feel for him in his pre- Wine or Loaf of Bread, and certainly not in the dicament. But it cannot be considered a very midst of any Wilderness, may very soon be enjoyed serious matter, for the imported copy must pay by the patrons of the Los Angeles Public Library, a heavy duty, and ninety-nine purchasers out of in the large new roof garden of the new building ; a hundred will either not go to the trouble and and, if it were not for fear of disturbing other expense of getting the English edition, or will readers, doubtless some sweet-voiced “ Thou” would simply not know how to go about getting it at be pucni refinements of lettered ease have they all. Still, we should like to see the bookseller attained in that far-away city of the Pacific Coast. free to place his customers' orders for the English Let us quote the librarian's description of this gar- edition. If this were legalized, we cannot help den of delight, this aërial paradise crowning "the thinking that it would improve the looks of the magnificent new Hamburger Building at Eighth average American edition of an English work, and Broadway, one of the largest and finest modern besides exercising a wholesome restraint upon structures in the United States." “ The roof gar- its published price. den,” says Mr. Lummis — what went immediately before is the phraseology of the Board of Directors— * of which this library was the American inventor, was thoroughly enjoyed during the two years in the CASUAL COMMENT. Laughlin quarters. In the present location we have THE COMPELLING PERSONALITY OF MR. CHES- more than four times the space, viz., some 26,000 TERTON persists in thrusting itself on the attention. square feet. There is an added advantage of a It is his good fortune, or his misfortune, to be a magnificent outlook covering an unbroken horizon public character; and whether he is sympathetic or of mountains, city, and sea. The · flower pots' of unsympathetic to us, he cannot help being an object this garden are all in place — redwood receptacles of interest and curiosity. On the whole, there is to large enough to grow a tree a foot in diameter. most observers something irresistibly engaging in his As soon as this out-door reading room can be fitted generous amplitude of bulk, his outbursts of Homeric up, it will undoubtedly fulfill and increase the laughter, his unparalleled absent-mindedness, and, former popularity. All kinds of tropical, semi- withal, the serene independence with which he pur- tropical and other trees and plants will be included. sues his appointed course. From the A large fountain ten feet in diameter is already pen who has observed him well we take a few words of installed. There is also a special section of the graphic description. “Walking down Fleet street roof garden fenced off for the noon-day rest of the some day you may meet a form whose vastness blots young women of the staff.” Felt roofing, or carpet- out the heavens. Great waves of hair surge from ing one might call it, has been provided — almost under the soft, wide-brimmed hat. A cloak that as pleasant to the feet and as noiseless as turf. If might be a legacy from Porthos floats about his one were not unalterably attached to the “effete colossal franie. He pauses in the midst of the East,” what a temptation were here to emigrate to pavement to read the book in his hand, and a cas- Los Angeles ! cade of laughter descending from the head-notes to A SIGN OF DECAY IN THE FRENCH NOVEL seems the middle voice gushes out on the listening air. discernible in certain recent developments in literary He looks up, adjusts his pince-nez, observes that he Paris. To encourage writers of fiction and to stim- is not in a cab, remembers that he ought to be in ulate their best endeavors — and, possibly, for a less a cab, turns and hails a cab. The vehicle sinks disinterested purpose also — a literary periodical of down under the unusual burden, and rolls heavily that city has founded a prize of three thousand francs away. It carries Gilbert Keith Chesterton. Mr. to be awarded annually to the young author who Chesterton is the most conspicuous figure in the shall have produced the best novel in the preceding landscape of literary London. He is like a visitor . two years, the verdict to be rendered by a jury of out of some fairy tale, a legend in the flesh, a sur- Academicians. The degree of youthfulness neces- vival of the childhood of the world. Most of us are sary to entitle one to compete is not indicated in the of one а 220 (April 1, THE DIAL report that has reached us. M. Paul Bourget, who prepense or without malign intention, there occurs a has turned of late from fiction to the drama and has misquoting or misprinting of statistics, neither gods produced two plays of merit, writes an interesting nor men can foresee what planet-shaking catastro- letter on the novelist's art as compared with the phes may ensue. The Los Angeles Public Library dramatist's. “ At the time when I was entering has marked the completion of its second decade of upon a literary life," he tells us, “we all adopted a cheerful existence and increasing usefulness by the regular cult for the art of the novel, which was only issue of an unusually readable yearly account of equalled by our disdain for the art of the theatre; itself ; but in treating the subject of misleading and we had no difficulty in showing what differences registration figures as reported from other cities, it there were between the paintings of a Balzac, a has indulged in some pleasant banter at the expense Flaubert, a Goncourt, and those of their dramatic of Malden, Mass., whose “live registration " of rivals. Our immediate predecessors, Zola, Daudet, card-holders it gives as 140,568 — more than four Ferdinand Fabre, and Cladel, thought as we did, times the population of that city as recorded in the and about 1880 all the youthful French exi nts last national census, and nearly twice the registration of literature seemed to be novelists exclusively. of its big neighbor, the Boston Public Library. It The wind has turned since then, and there has been is not surprising that the President of the Malden an extraordinary growth of dramatic works, which library board replies to this in a letter for which he shows how foolish was our former disdain of the desires as much publicity as possible - to balance dialogue form. And judging from signs, it seems the publicity already given in various ways to this to be the other form the narrative against astonishing ratio. It appears that by some inadvert- which the injustice of the newcomers is now lev- ence in copying, or by some confusion of card- eled.” The literary weathercocks do not yet indicate holders with catalogue-cards, the Los Angeles a similar shifting of the wind with us. librarian or assistant librarian (or, let us say, the office boy) has written the above-named 140,568, THE PROPOSED NATIONAL GRADUATE SCHOOL, whereas the proper number, duly given in its right to be established at Washington and to enjoy the place in the Malden report, is 12,007. Hence these facilities afforded by all the government libraries smiles. (twenty-six in number), museums, collections, and laboratories, fails to commend itself irresistibly to THE ENDING OF A NOVEL is, to many readers, the our Congressmen, and the whole matter is pigeon- all-important part of the story. A glance at the last holed for indefinite future consideration when times page or the last chapter often settles the question, at are less strenuous and other pending issues less bookstore or library, whether the book shall be taken or coldly rejected. An English novelist writes to burning. Nevertheless two public-spirited men have undertaken a thorough preliminary investigation of “ The Author” a letter of indignant protest against the ways and means that must be considered before alleged unfairness on the part of a literary weekly intelligent action can follow. The Commissioner in publishing a synopsis of his new book under the of Education and the President of Yale have made guise of a "review,” but containing only “a single critical adjective” to lend coloring to its pretense inquiries and have submitted a report, which is published as a Bulletin of the Bureau of Education ; of being a review. This betrayal of the plot the and their findings are not in the highest degree injured correspondent is inclined to regard as wanton encouraging. Only the most advanced investigators, disregard of the printed caution, “ All rights re- served.” It is a nice question, in many cases, to it appears, are likely to work more profitably in a government bureau than in an ordinary graduate determine just how much of a story, or of any book, school. The preliminary theoretical training should should be outlined, or in some rough way repro be completed before the student turns his face duced, in order to whet without satiating the reader's toward Washington. The government has not at appetite, and also in order to illustrate or justify the present the necessary room or instructors to engage critical comments passed upon the work. But since in the post-graduate training of young men. Its so many readers of novels persist in entering them offices and officers are needed for other business. by the back-door--in beginning their perusal with This is not a positive barring of the door to per- “Finis" instead of “Chapter I.” — it is doubtful whether booksales have been materially injured by sistent knockers, but it is a cogent dissuasive to all but a few ripe students and original investigators who indiscretions of the sort complained of by the nov- know exactly what they want and how to obtain it. elist we have quoted. Yet the author should receive all the benefit possible to be derived from the curi- STATISTICS - HANDLE WITH CARE! Some such osity-stimulating elements in his book. cautionary label might well be attached to the sta- tistician's columns of harmless-looking figures. It A NEW WORLD-LANGUAGE swims into our ken, and is well known that anything and everything can be its peculiar merit, or fatal defect, lies in its thorough- proved by the proper manipulation of these serried going artificiality. It calls itself an a priori lan- ranks and ordered files of innocent numerals, and guage, builds itself up scientifically from the very that, too, without playing any tricks of misquotation bottom, and resolutely refuses to ally itself with or or other jugglery; but when, whether with malice base itself upon or take any faintest shade of coloring 1909.) 221 THE DIAL from any existing language or family of languages. loom or behind a counter or at a desk. Mr. Dana' Its originator we understand to be Mr. E. P. Foster, of the Newark (N. J.) Public Library, accounts for of Cincinnati, who is also editor-in-chief of the last year's great increase of book-circulation in that monthly “organ” of the new language, “Ro” being library and its branches “by (1) the dull times which the short and sufficient title of the paper as well as have given to many people more opportunities to of the tongue it essays to teach. Except that Ro visit libraries and read, (2) the greater number of makes use of our own alphabet, it is as hard for us new books bought by the library in the past two to learn as for Russians or Arabs or Cingalese. To years, (3) the extension of the library by branches, be entirely and impartially a priori, it should have and (4) persistent and now long-continued advertis- its own arbitrary symbols for letters, just as it has ing, for which we are chiefly indebted to the courtesy its own arbitrary and (without previous study) of the local newspapers.' Sweet are the uses of entirely unintelligible word-forms and derivative adversity, and this, the promotion of the reading endings. The initial letter of each word gives a habit and the library habit, is one of them. clue to its general meaning, - whether it is a verb or a substance or an abstract quality, or what not. “ THE JEW OF MALTA AT WILLIAMS COLLEGE Inflectional endings are used, and even the vexed will be an attractive feature of the coming com- question of gender has, to some extent, been left to mencement season. Its expected presentation will trouble the learner. Commendable is the modesty Commendable is the modesty add one more to the lengthening list, already printed of Mr. Foster and his co-workers: they do not declare in these columns, of Elizabethan and other early Ro to be the one final and perfect world-language, English plays acted in recent years by amateur but they do feel convinced that “the world will soon companies. Since its production in 1818, in an have an international language,” although “what altered version, by the elder Kean at Drury Lane, it will be no man as yet can tell. But Ro hopes to Marlowe's “Jew" has rarely been seen on any stage, gather an editorial staff of scholars from all over the The fact that the play was written and presented world, whose influence shall be a potent factor in only a few years before the appearance of Shake- deciding the question.” speare's “Merchant of Venice," and that there are AN ICONOCLASTIC PHILOSOPHY, characterized by some rough traits of resemblance between the two a strenuosity tense enough to suit the most violent infamous usurers of the two dramatists, adds a haters of easy-going convention and of ready-made special interest to the earlier piece. The present plan ideals, seems to have put forth its claims in conti- at Williams is to have the stage-setting modelled nental Europe as a rival of pragmatism. A certain after that of the old Swan Theatre in London, and Franco-Italian poet named Martinetti is said to be to have the ushers dressed in Elizabethan costume. the founder and expositor of the new creed, which Mr. George Sargent, of Princeton, 1907, who is known as “futurism.” The only beautiful thing, coached the Doctor Fanstus” company of last year, according to futurism, is fighting. All masterpieces has been engaged for similar service this year. are aggressive. Let us look behind us no longer. Time and space are no more; they died yesterday. THE DUMB ANIMALS'ADVOCATE, the lawyer whose War is the sole hygiene of the world. We will pull practice for the last forty years has been confined to down all museums and libraries; we will fight cases for the defense of misused horses, dogs, birds, moralism, feminism, and all utilitarian cowardice. and other sufferers from man's inhumanity, will plead The essential elements of our poetry shall be courage, their cause no more. George T. Angell, founder audacity, and rebellion. In this tune the valiant and president of the Massachusetts Society for the Martinetti goes on, picturing a veritable Sicilian Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, died in Boston, earthquake of tumbling monuments of the past and March 16, in his eighty-sixth year. Educated for levelled summits of ancient glory. He appears from the law, and brilliantly, successful in his profession, his words to be about thirty years old and to count he abandoned it for a nobler calling when, in 1868, on ten years of destructive activity before the Oslerian the driving of two horses to death in a race from age-limit shall consign him, as he expresses it, to the Brighton to Worcester, stirred his indignation and waste-paper basket like an old manuscript, when a prompted him to embrace the cause to which he younger man will promptly take his place in the battle devoted the rest of his life. As founder and editor line. Truly, the bacillus of "tough-mindedness" is of “ Our Dumb Animals,” and as instrumental in developing an appalling virulence these beautiful procuring the successful publication of " Black spring days. Beauty," which had met with flat failure until he HARD TIMES AND THE READING HABIT would took it in hand and gave it a circulation of half a seem to go hand in hand, in pleasant company million copies, Mr. Angell has rendered noteworthy pleasant intellectually, though often unpleasant for service to popular literature as well as to the cause the pocket and even for the stomach. The book- of kindness to animals. His place in his chosen buying habit can hardly be said to be developed and sphere of usefulness, where he found scope for all confirmed in seasons of great business depression ; his native inventiveness and shrewdness and resource- but enforced leisure does turn many toward the fulness, can never be filled, no matter who may be public library who would otherwise be standing at a chosen as his successor. 66 222 (April 1, THE DIAL " > a ܐܐ The FitzGERALD CENTENARY, the last day of As to beginning the history of the anti-slavery agita- March, did not pass without due observance. In tion which resulted in the Civil War, with Pastorius's his own country, unless unexpected hindrances inter- protest written in 1688, I might, no doubt, have found vened, his fragrant memory was revived at a banquet a precedent in the example of the illustrious Diedrich Knickerbocker; but it seemed to me sufficient to go back in the capital of his native county, the town of to the organization of the Anti-Slavery Society in 1833. Ipswich (on the 27th), and again on the actual day I do not state, as Mr. Pennypacker would have the reader of his birth at a dinner of the Omar Khayyám Club infer, that abolition agitation began in 1833; in fact, I in London. No one of the great men of his year, say very distinctly that “ by the beginning of the nine- so fertile in genius, is it pleasanter to recall than teenth century it (slavery] had been abolished in ” many the humorously self-depreciating poet-philosopher of of the states; but I saw no reason why I should attempt Woodbridge; and no one of them all would have so to trace this early growth of the movement. incredulously scoffed at and ridiculed the bare sug- The inclusion of the “ Hymn of the Moravian Nuns of gestion of these posthumous honors. Indeed, we Bethlehem,” in the chapter of the Revolutionary period cannot imagine anyone shrinking with more real dealing with “ The War in the South," seems greatly to dismay than he from the mere thought of being distress Mr. Pennypacker, but I can see nothing wrong with it, – though this, of course, may be due to a “local “ damned to everlasting fame.” predilection of which I am unconscious. As Count Pulaski played a brilliant, if brief, part in the campaign, * DEFORMED SPELLING UP TO DATE is compactly it seems to me natural enough to begin the account of presented in an “ Alfabetic List " embracing all the it with Longfellow's poem on the consecration of his banner. simplifications thus far sanctioned by the Board whose headquarters are at No. 1 Madison Avenue, With Mr. Pennypacker's charges of historical inaccu- New York. About 3300 approved spellings are racy it is, perhaps, scarcely necessary to deal. Whether given, including "1100 separate words, simplified Keenan really did lead a charge at Chancellorsville, whether Thaddeus Stevens was really the moving spirit in the root, and 2200 inflected forms (preterits, of a coterie, whether Pickett was really in the van of the participles, and participial adjectives ending in -ed, famous charge at Gettysburg, — all these are questions or, as simplified, in -d and -t), in which the change which I must leave to the analytical historian. I was not appears only in the inflection.” A sentence com- writing an original history of America -- I was writing posed to illustrate some of the more radical changes merely a running comment upon a series of historical wrought by our language-menders might run as poems, and I took my history as I found it from the best follows : Welthy soverens ward with malis against sources at my command. I may, however, remark in leagd heroins in dredful tho futil endevor to do them passing that for the statement concerning Pickett, I have to deth. the authority of so careful a historian as Mr. James Ford Rhodes (History of the United States, Vol. IV., p. 289). I note also that Mr. Rhodes calls the Union troops “Federals,” an expression to which Mr. Pennypacker COMMUNICATION. seems to object. I am aware, too, that the exact part played by Keenan at Chancellorsville has been the sub- * POEMS OF AMERICAN HISTORY”-A NOTE ject of a bitter controversy. My version rests upon General Pleasonton's account of the affair, which, as it FROM THE COMPILER. agrees with the poem, seemed to me to need no further (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) explanation, though I might have noted that its accuracy I have read the review of « Poems of American has been questioned. History,” signed by Mr. Isaac R. Pennypacker, which Concerning the poetic merit of some of the verses, I appeared in The Dial of March 1, with considerable can only say that estimates of this sort are largely a interest and amusement -- interest because of its impu- matter of personal equation. But I venture to believe tation to me of various motives and predilections which that few intelligent people will agree with Mr. Penny- I was wholly unconscious of possessing, and amusement packer's dictum that the cleverness of “The Biglow because of the evident animus which underlies it. Papers” has “evaporated,” or that “ New England's At the time the book was in preparation, Mr. Penny- Annoyances” or “ Lovewell's Fight” should have been packer saw a notice of it somewhere, and very kindly left buried. Much of the contemporary verse is negli- volunteered to assist me in its compilation, sending me gible as poetry, but was included for reasons clearly set a number of poems by himself and others, relating to forth in my introduction. Pennsylvania, with the suggestion that they be included. That some misprints and minor misstatements should Unfortunately, I found myself unable to use any of creep into a work of such magnitude was almost inev- them, although I expressed my obligation to Mr. Penny- itable. These will, of course, be corrected. Mr. Penny- packer in the introduction to the book. I certainly packer himself points out two. I am glad to note that have no prejudice of any kind against Pennsylvania, he considers the conception of the volume excellent, and and nearly fifty of the poems in my collection celebrate concedes that the task has been carried out with some events which took place on Pennsylvania soil; but I degree of patience and intelligence, and I can only regret know of no poetry “inspired by her civilization” suit- that these merits seem to be overshadowed in his opinion able for the collection. I can conceive of no reason by the “errors of commission and omission " to which why I should have included Whittier's six-hundred-line he takes exception. poem on Pastorius, with whom Mr. Penny packer seems Burton E. STEVENSON. to be somewhat obsessed. Chillicothe, Ohio, March 26, 1909. 9 66 1909.] 223 THE DIAL a The New Books. the first edition, both in treatment and tone. The Rossetti of this later portraiture is indeed more human and lovable. The general method, A MEMORIAL OF LITERARY FRIENDSHIPS.* however, is too pathological to be entirely Familiar knowledge of the methods, phrase- artistic as biography. The reader's taste is ology, and varied “tricks of the trade” of occasionally offended by too bald revelation of modern journalism has been shown by Mr. Hall certain détails intimes of Rossetti's physical and Caine in the autobiographical chapters which he mental sufferings; there seems to be too much has entitled “My Story.” This familiarity has loitering over the familiar craving for the fatal been expressed in racy comments on American chloral and its subsequent effects upon the newspapers and their interviewers; it has also mental and moral nature of Rossetti. impressed the general style of many pages of his “ As a “curtain-raiser," before the dramatic book. In his Introduction, Mr. Caine tells his chapters of Rossetti's life, Mr. Caine gives a readers that his original intention was to revise few glimpses of his own boyhood on the Isle of and enlarge his “ Recollections of Rossetti,” pub- Man. With vividness he recalls the impres- lished a few years ago, but that the plan expanded sions upon his youthful memory made by the into its present form of restricted autobiography. human drama enacted in this sequestered and The scope of the book has been necessarily con- patriarchal parish, with its loves, quarrels, super- fined to Mr. Caine’s limited, and incomplete, years stitions, ethical lapses, and religious fervor. of productivity, and he has devoted the larger Many of these characteristics have been previ- portion of his space to records of his friendly ously described by Mr. Caine in his interesting relations with literary artists and craftsmen. historical sketch, The Little Manx Nation." The chief interest is found in the nucleus of When he left this romantic environment to the story – the revelations of Rossetti and his become apprentice to a Liverpool architect, he small but choice coterie of friends as they were came under two strong influences. The first known by Mr. Caine during the last few years was Ruskin and his teachings, and the result of Rossetti's life. There is a vehement and anti- was certain "flamboyant criticisms" by Mr. climactic reaction for the reader, as he passes Caine upon modern architectural ideas and from the last impressive scenes in the life of the his advocacy of fraternal relations in society. poet-painter to the concluding part of the book, The second and more important influence was wherein Mr. Caine recites many details of his own Rossetti. Mr. Caine félt a deep interest in the experience as journalist and novelist, his mental personality and poetry of this man of genius, struggles and monetary successes, and his scat- and defended him valiantly, in writings and lec- tered notes on such literary acquaintances as tures, against the strictures of Buchanan and Blackmore, Wilkie Collins and Robert Buchanan. other critics who reviled Rossetti as a chief When Mr. Caine's reminiscent study of exponent of “The Fleshly School of Poetry.” Rossetti first appeared, it was more popular A printed copy of Mr. Caine's platform trib- with the general reading public than with the ute to Rossetti, in 1880, was sent to the poet family and oldest friends of the poet and by his young admirer. It brought a gracious painter. In the recently published - Family reply which was the first incident in a friend- Letters of Christina Rossetti ” there is a direct ship that lasted for two or three years, until reference to this book, in a letter from Christina Rossetti's death. The poet-painter seems to to her sister-in-law (p. 122): “We have been have reciprocated the interest of his young friend reading Mr. Caine's memoir. Considering the and estimated his abilities with kindness and circumstances under which his experiences oc- confidence. He urged Mr. Caine to abandon curred, I think it may be pronounced neither his poetical aspirations and to cultivate his unkind nor unfriendly; but I hope some day skill in “ fervid and impassioned prose.” To to see the same and a wider field traversed by Rossetti's suggestion that Caine should - “try his some friend of older standing and consequently hand at a Manx novel,” and his interest in the far warmer affection towards his hero ; who, Biblical stories that might be used as fictional whatever he was or was not, was lovable." models, may be traced the incentive which gave Comparing the earlier version of 1882 with to the public to the public “ The Deemster,” “ The Bonds- the present memorial to his friend, we realize man,” “ The Manxman stories of Manx that Mr. Caine, in his revision, has improved customs and human tragedy which represent the author's best work in literature. With reiterated conviction, Mr. Caine assures a а MY STORY. By Hall Caine. D. Appleton & Co. Illustrated. New York: 224 [April 1, THE DIAL his readers that Rossetti's melancholia and in- According to the biographer's own confes- somnia, and their aftermath of narcotics, may sions and self-reproaches, Mr. Caine bungled be explained as remorse for two allied causes. deplorably by his tactless remarks and mis- The first of these causes, he believes, was the taken though well-intentioned efforts to improve domestic tragedy of his friend's life — the mar- the condition of Rossetti's health and spirits, riage, from motives of loyalty, to his beautiful especially during those lonely and critical weeks model , and the realization later that his heart of companionship when the two men were house- was pledged to another. The second cause for mates in the Vale of St. John, as they had remorse — emphasized by Mr. Caine, but possi- been for a few previous weeks in Cheyne Walk bly open to question by others -- was Rossetti's and were later at Birchington. But in spite of its consent to exhume and print his little book of blemishes of style, and its incompleteness of verses after they had been buried for seven structure, “ My Story” is interesting and illu- years in the coffin of the wife who had inspired minating as a series of impressions of Rossetti them. This exhumation is called "an act of and his friends, Watts-Dunton, Madox Brown, desecration — forfeiting the tragic grace and Philip Marston, Shields, and others, and as a wasting the poignant pathos of his first consum- revelation of Mr. Caine's own personality and ing renunciation.” Mr. Caine need not assure convictions. In newspaper interviews and lec- us that this solution of his friend's sadness was tures Mr. Caine has expressed his liking for " written with a thrill of the heart and trem- Americans as he has known them during his bling hand,” for we realize his intensity of feel- four visits to our country. In one of the last ing; and he is sure that “it is the true reading of chapters of this book he emphasizes anew his the poet's soul.” In spite of his sincerity, how- admiration for our national traits : ever, we may not be wholly convinced that he is :-“I love America and the Americans. I love America right in all his premises and conclusions. Because because it is big, and because its bigness is constantly of his brief acquaintance with Rossetti, — for it impressing the imagination and stimulating the heart. I love its people because they are free with a freedom was brief, although intimate,- it is not certain which the rest of the world takes as by stealth, and they that he fully understood his hero's nature, even claim openly as their right. I love them because they in these later years, and he has seemed to over- are the most industrious, earnest, active, and ingenious emphasize certain temperamental traits. people on the earth; because they are the most moral, Perhaps the most graphic and dramatic religious and above all, the most sober people in the world; because, in spite of all shallow judgments of chapter in this book is that called "A Night superficial observers, they are the most childlike in their “ at Cheyne Walk.” Here is well portrayed Here is well portrayed national character, the easiest to move to laughter, the Rossetti's hospitality, his incisiveness of speech readiest to be touched to tears, the most absolutely and sensitiveness of feeling, and the spell-bound applause. I love the men of America because their true in their impulses, and the most generous in their admiration with which Mr. Caine first beheld bearing towards the women is the finest chivalry I have the painting " Dante's Dream," in his friend's yet seen anywhere, and I love the women because they studio. In certain portions of his reminiscences, can preserve an unquestioned purity with a frank and Mr. Caine has used a Boswellian method. He natural manner, and a fine independence of sex.” seldom gives letters or conversations in their ANNIE RUSSELL MARBLE. entirety, but introduces excerpts and para- phrases, with occasional epigrams and retold stories such as Rossetti's comments on Pre- THE NEW GERMANY.* Raphaelitism ; his advice to young authors, Since Bayard Taylor's “ Views Afoot,” it has “ Work your metal as much as you like, but been common for Americans to depend on first take care that it is gold and worth work- letters of casual travellers and on illustrated ing ”; or this amusing recollection of Long- travelogue” lectures for their impressions of fellow: “ The poet had called upon him during Germany. The majority of summer wanderers his visit to England and had been courteous and do not go far beyond the Rhine boundary, kind in the last degree, but having fallen into regarding the interior as a dulsome district the error of thinking that Rossetti the painter inhabited by a poky people with a difficult lan- a and Rossetti the poet were different men, he had guage and nothing worth looking at in compar- said, on leaving the house : • I have been very ison with London and Brussels and Paris and glad to meet you, Mr. Rossetti, and should like Switzerland. But since the label « Made in to have met your brother also. Pray tell him Germany" has come to have a market value, how much I admire his beautiful poem, 6. The * THE EVOLUTION Blessed Damozel." - 9 > OF MODERN GERMANY, By William Harbutt Dawson. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1909.] 225 THE DIAL - Germany has acquired a new interest to us manufacturer has put away from him the anti- Anglo-Saxons. A year ago last fall a large quated idea that the consumer exists for his delegation of English mechanics visited some benefit, and instead he acts on the principle of the principal North German manufacturing that the buyer has a right to have what he cities, and spent some weeks examining into wants, if it can be made. It is impossible to such secrets of trade as were not guarded say how much trade has left England, never, against prying competitors. The growing good perhaps, to return, owing to obstinate refusal feeling between the rank and file of the two to recognize this not unreasonable principle.” countries made the visit pleasant and probably And the merchant is equally alive to his profitable to the visitors. patron's convenience and his own interests. “He It is not in evidence that Mr. Dawson, does not expect foreigners to be expert in the author of the latest sociological report on Ger- German language, but addresses them in their many, was among the visitors, but he may have own tongues — often, no doubt, with peculiar gathered much of his material from that inspec- variations of his own, and if letters will not tion. His book on The Evolution of Modern answer the purpose the merchant goes himself Germany" is written to tell British readers what or sends some one who is well able to do his they ought to know, and must know, if they business for him." An interesting instance is would understand how it is that Germany has cited of the Commercial Association of the city gone ahead so rapidly during recent years, not, of Stettin, which for thirty years has prepared however, by way of discouraging but of reassur- and sent abroad to America and the British ing them. For there is really little mystery colonies a certain number of young men with a about Germany's industrial progress ; it has been stipend of $375 annually, whose business was achieved by means and methods which are open to make commercial reports to the Association to all the world if only people will employ them. and in general to “tout ” the commerce of Science, education, application, and an equal Stettin. - The whole theory of trading as regard for small as for large things, — these in understood in Germany is that if business is the main are the causes of Germany's success.' worth having it is worth seeking.” Perhaps But Mr. Dawson deals, in his twenty-three the United States does not need instruction in chapters and five hundred pages, quite as this principle, and our consular agents are sup- much with political as with economic questions. posed to do for us what the young men of There is a certain British bulkiness in his ma- Stettin are pledged to do for their city. terial; yet for reference if not for continuous Personally, as Mr. Dawson observes, the reading, for instruction if not for entertainment, German workman" walks well, works well, the bulkiness may be condoned. A slight addi- and looks well," which cannot be said with so tion to the bulk - to wit, in the title — would little reservation of his English fellow. The have precluded unwarranted expectations of pic- German's superiority in this respect is attributed tures of literary and artistic Germany; for it is in part to his military training, to the Govern- extraordinary how conscientiously all but indus- ment's care for him, and to his frugal habits, trial and political phases of life are avoided. his Genügsamkeit, as manifested in the satis- The general reader will doubtless find among faction that he takes in simply sitting in the the most interesting chapters those on “ The Per- parks and visiting. sonal Equation," “ Capital and Labour," “ The Capital and Labour,” “ The “ There is a certain negativeness about this form of Workman,” “ Coöperation,” “ The Population enjoyment which a man of active temperament might Question,” and “The Outlook of Socialism.” not readily appreciate, for a German workman can Commercial Germany has gained enormously patiently sit for hours together upon a bench or a patch of sward silently smoking his cigar and gazing into by her dependence upon science, by her exact- space. It would be unfair to say that such a condition ness of method, and by her consideration for of mental inertia is necessarily unintelligent; rather, it the customer's wishes. “ It is a common com- goes with the essential simplicity and naïveté of the plaint that there are English dyers who will not German nature, which is still on the whole frugal in its hedonism as in other things, requires no violent relaxa- bring theory (in other words, science) to bear tions, can make a little pleasure go a long way, and can upon their practice, but persist in the old guess- derive satisfaction from trifles. The Germans have work which was good enough for their fathers.” coined a word to describe this mood of passive content: In the chemical industries there is a university- it is the untranslatable word, Behagen” (p. 154). - " trained chemist to every forty workpeople, a Among the improved conditions of the work- а ratio of science to labor probably excelled in no other country in the world. 66 The German men, Mr. Dawson notes the growth of partial or total abstinence from alcoholic drinks. The 226 (April 1, THE DIAL a - > . a growth of Germany in this direction has been almost as startling as that of the United States, AMERICA'S FIRST REPRESENTATIVE BODY.* though the two countries are still far apart in In Virginia, in 1619, a House of Burgesses their attitude toward “the drink.” Twenty “ broke out”. - to use the language of an angry years ago it was difficult to obtain drinking official of the time. This was the first repre- water on railways and at hotels in Germany; sentative body on American soil, and for more to-day it is universally provided, and its use than a century and a half it was the most import- does not occasion comment. Germany has her ant assembly in the colonies -- as Virginia was, Good Templar Lodges, her “Society for the before the Revolution, the leading English Suppression of the Traffic in Alcoholic Drinks.” colony. Throughout its existence the House “ Trade union conferences exclude alcohol from of Burgesses demanded and obtained for the their meeting-rooms,” and Mr. Dawson finds Virginians all the rights of Englishmen, and that the Socialists seek to wean the working- some other rights in addition. The history of classes from alcohol on the theory that Capital the political and constitutional development in deliberately uses the drink as a means to de- Virginia is to a great extent the history of the grade them. “ When large public works are development of the representative assembly, its constructed, the authorities require the contrac- disputes with the governor and others, and its tors to keep alcohol in the background in all growing influence over all other political institu- their canteens and to give prominence to non- tions of the colony. alcoholic drinks. ... The conviction has taken History has shown in large degree how import- hold of a large section of the workers that their ant this body was, but the records which afford industrial efficiency and their value as members the opportunity for a final estimate have not of society will be increased by the practice of hitherto been generally accessible. Now, how- temperance.” It It may be added that since the ever, we are promised the publication of mate- preparation of Mr. Dawson's book another step rial that will throw light over the long existence in this direction has been taken in the prohibition of the House of Burgesses. The Library Board of the sale of alcohol to soldiers in transit. of the Virginia State Library has authorized The chapter devoted to Coöperation is inter- the State Librarian to publish all that can be esting but too brief. It is remarkable how the obtained of the Journals of the House of Bur- intensely individualistic Germans have learned, gesses back to 1619. At present inany gaps partly under state tutelage, to combine for the exist, but some of these will be filled before the common good. One German in every fifteen enterprise is completed. The plan was formu. belongs to a coöperative society of one sort or lated and four volumes were carefully edited by other. In two squares the reviewer counted State Librarian John Pendleton Kennedy; the last year the offices of nineteen unions or com- editorship is now continued by his successor binations of some sort. Dr. H. R. McIlvaine, who seems likely to keep The Population problem is being studied the work up to the high standard set by Mr. intelligently in Gerniany. There is no foolish Kennedy. and unreasoning demand for larger families, but The publication is in the reverse of chrono- prudent study to care better for the children that logical order. The six volumes already printed are born. The Motherhood Protection League reach from 1776, when the House of Burgesses has for its object “ to improve the position of passed out of existence, back to 1752. Each women as mothers in legal, economic, and social volume contains, in addition to the Journal of matters,” and in general to check infant mor- the House of Burgesses, an Introduction by the tality. Yet it may be said in general that editor, the proclamations of the governor, lists England spares its women, where Germany of the members of the assembly, and a good spares its children." Each country has ample index. The fifth volume contains also the room for improvement in the other direction. minutes of the Committees of Correspondence. A score of other subjects are handled with The bibliographical notes in the Introduction more or less completeness. • The Outlook of explain how scarce and scattered the printed Socialism”is not treated with entire clearness, per- and manuscript journals are. Some were found haps for the reason that the outlook is indeed hazy. in America in the collections of the Virginia Mr. Dawson is discreet in avoiding prophecy. State Library, some in the Library of Congress, But his book is a valuable granary of fact for > JOURNALS OF THE HOUSE OF BURGESSES OF VIRGINIA - 1758- every student who would understand political 1776. Four volumes edited by John Pendleton Kennedy; one and economic Germany. W. H. CARRUTH. volume edited by H. R. Mollvaine. Richmond: The Colonial Press. 1909.] 227 THE DIAL in the Massachusetts Historical Society, in the read in the light of history, the dry entries of Philadelphia Library Company, and some were the eventful twenty years before the Revolution in private possession ; others were found in the become intensely interesting. Now for the first British Public Record Office and in the British time can be satisfactorily traced the history of Museum. Each volume has as a frontispiece the leading American colony from the beginning a facsimile of some interesting page of an old of the French and Indian War to the outbreak journal. of the Revolution. These volumes are especially One feature of the work deserves, in the valuable for the information made available opinion of the present reviewer, severe criti- relating to the closing years of the last inter- cism : that is, the use of antique type with the colonial war; the growth of the West, and the long ſ, and similar peculiarities, not only in the Indian troubles that resulted ; and the develop- documentary part of the work but also in the ment of the spirit of independence which led to editorial notes and introductions. The Jour- The Jour- the Revolution. When completed, the series nals are reprinted for use, and such printing will form the most valuable historical work makes use more difficult; it also causes more undertaken by any Southern State. slips in proof-reading. Nor are any of the fre- WALTER L. FLEMING. quent abbreviations written out in full. AU this exact reprinting serves no good purpose, but is troublesome to the eye. It is not necessary to reproduce historical documents with such stere- THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.* otyped exactness. The little sheet of suggestions in regard to such matters, sent out some years Partly as a result of influences emanating ago by a committee of the American Historical from Germany, the home of the grundriss, and Association, should have furnished a guide to France, the home of the encyclopédie, an era the editor. The printing and binding are good — of organized effort in modern scholarship seems the best ever done in the South, it is safe to say; to have set in throughout Great Britain. Such and for this, credit is due to the Colonial Press a tendency is well worth fostering, if it be of Richmond. fostered in the proper way. Not least among The introductory sketches written by the the benefits conferred by a history of English editor furnish the historical background to the literature whose fourteen volumes are to embrace text of the Journals. Mr. Kennedy, in his an account of both main and lesser literary move- introductions, amounting in all to nearly 200 ments, and of secondary writers as well as those pages, reprints many documents bound together of first importance, from the beginnings down by a slight thread of editorial narrative. These to the present day, and to whose making com- documents, incomplete as the selection is bound petent scholars in their several departments, to be, serve to throw light on the text, and will scholars not only in England but the most eminent be of service to students who cannot easily get wherever they may be enlisted, are supposed to access to the originals. For the most part, these contribute, — not least among the benefits con- documents are taken from Hening's Statutes, ferred by a work of such an origin and scope must the Virginia Gazette, the Draper MSS. in the be the strengthening of a sense of solidarity Library of the Wisconsin Historical Society, among professed students of English throughout the Bancroft Transcripts, and other materials in England and the English-speaking world. the Library of Congress. Mr. Kennedy's narra- Aside from this unquestionable advantage, tive is sometimes carelessly put together. In the the precise function of " The Cambridge History fifth and sixth volumes, Dr. Mcllvaine changes of English Literature” will to some of us remain slightly the editorial plan. The introductory obscure. In relation to its subject, the work sketch is much shorter, and is confined strictly is not an encyclopédie or a grundriss in the to an account of the House of Burgesses during French or German sense, although while plan- the period covered by the volume ; illustrative ning it the editors have had comprehensive documents are relegated to an appendix; lists of French and German works in mind, and it is members are printed once for each House, not not a history conceived in harmony with any once for each session ; and duplication of foot- model of long standing. It represents an effort note references is reduced to a minimum. to furnish a general survey of an entire field of a The journals themselves are reproduced ex- actly. The contents of such documents are so - by A. W. Ward and A. R. Waller. Volume I., from the Begin- varied that comment is made difficult. But Middle Ages. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. Edited nings to the Cycles of Romance. Volume II., The End of the 228 [April 1, THE DIAL a a scholarship, to sum up the more or less tentative guage and literature has been in the monumental results of all investigations in the several parts work of Petit de Julleville ; or, let us say, as the of the field, and at the same time to perform history of Greek literature has been by those the office of a completed work of art, such as any masters of their art and science, the brothers true history of literature aims to be. Unfor- Unfor- Croiset. But the conditions are very different. tunately, for the present at least, and perhaps For a history of French literature, and still , , for centuries to come, an attempt to identify the more for a history of the literature of ancient offices of the scientist and the artist in dealing Greece, the preliminary work has been accom- with the course of English literature as a whole plished. One may say that preparations for the and in detail must involve a confused perform- achievement of Alfred and Maurice Croiset ance of either function. It would be possible, began with the critics of Alexandria. For a under the right kind of leadership, for a frater- definitive history of English literature the fun- nity of scholars to organize a purely scientific damental labors have hardly begun. Texts must and structural work - in this sense artistic be edited, concordances and indexes made, final which should do for English studies in particular biographies written, — all the care that has — what Paul's Grundriss has done for Germanic been lavished on the masterpieces of Greece and philology in general ; that is, it would be pos- Rome must be lavished on the masterpieces of sible, as it would be altogether desirable, to English ; and the chaff must be blown away. produce an encyclopædia and methodology He that will have a cake out of this wheat must which should bring together the assured results tarry the grinding, the bolting, and the leaven- of past investigation in the domain of English ing, and after that the kneading, the making of language and literature, and draw sharp lines the cake, the heating of the oven, and the bak- between what is clearly known, what is probable, ing ; even then he must stay the cooling too, or what is less probable, and what is certainly he may chance to burn his lips. Of how many unknown. Such a work would have a definite periods or writers in English literature may it function, as either Paul's or Gröber's Grundriss be affirmed that the intensive study of them has has a definite function ; with an eye to a final gone beyond the grinding and the bolting ? synthesis, its immediate purpose nevertheless Although a larger share of systematic study has would be analytical, and for the mind first of been accorded to the period of Old English than all; it would be in the nature of a new organon to any other, still, up to the year 1900, when for the study of the English language and Professor Cook brought out his edition of literature, taking the place of books like those Cynewulf's “ Christ," not a single Old English of Elze and Körting, which were well enough text had received the measure of scholarly for their time, but should now give way to a attention which the veriest fragments of Greek large coöperative undertaking. Although it have been winning since the Italian renaissance. would not seek to anticipate the one far-off Of how many authors in English must we con- divine event toward which the world of English fess that in their case not even the grinding has scholarship doubtless moves, although it would begun ? On the other hand, for what material not be an inclusive history of English literature, in the literature of ancient Greece was not the it would be a decisive step nearer to that wished- oven fairly hot before the middle of the last for consummation. On the other hand, a gifted century? scholar like Ten Brink, a man of varied powers To the present writer, then, the editors of and mature training, one who had himself made ** The Cambridge History” seem to have paid “ notable additions to our knowledge in diverse insufficient heed to the Aristotelian query, which parts of the subject, and was possessed of the the author of any work of science or of art tact and perspective of genius, might again com- ought to propound to himself at the outset, pose a relatively brief account of the main namely: What is the precise and single main currents and personalities in our literature, and effect which we wish, and can hope, to bring offer us perhaps the most stimulating book, about by the use of such and such means, which short of some congenial poet, that could be put are at our disposal, in the mind of such and such into the hands of a beginner in English scholar- a person ? Instead, they seem to have said to ship. themselves : Whereas there are adequate his- The truth is, the editors of " The Cambridge tories of certain other literatures, but none of History” seem to have gone upon the assump- English, let us forthwith proceed to organize tion that the history of English literature can one which in some respects shall be like a be recorded as the history of the French lan- German grundriss, but in others like a finished a a 1909.] 229 THE DIAL artistic narrative. The result, however valuable possible to dispose of a few hundred copies to in parts, can have neither scientific nor artistic students who find the annual dues of the society unity if considered as a whole. almost prohibitive. ( When the whole is published, in all likelihood The conception of the present volume arose we shall find that “ The Cambridge History” from the fitness of the editor to produce such will mainly serve as a work of reference; that a work, rather than from the reverse process, the bibliographies and other critical apparatus more usual in societies, of deciding to publish will be of greater value than most of the sepa- a volume and then selecting an editor. The rate chapters; that in particular the account of result is that this collection of documents is the Middle English literature, of which our knowl-product of a mind well trained for the work, edge is in a singularly chaotic state as com- and not the customary assemblage of illustrative pared with our knowledge of any other province material of slight coherence, bound within the in the literary history of the Germanic peoples, covers of a book. will have to be much revised ; that certain chap- In the well conceived and well written In- ters, like those of Professor Ker on the Metrical troduction, and in the selection of documents, Romances, 1200-1500 (vol. 1, chap. 13), Mr. | Professor Munro has presented to the public a Bradley's on Changes in the Language to the unified picture of Canadian Feudalism in all Days of Chaucer (vol. 1, chap. 19), Maitland's its essential aspects, from its inception to its on the Anglo-French Law Language (vol. 1, abolition in 1854. The editor has already pub- chap. 20), the chapters by Professor Gregory lished the results of his researches in this field Smith and Mr. Macaulay in the second volume, in his monograph on “ The Seigniorial System and several which are announced for succeeding in Canada," in the Harvard Historical Studies. volumes, among them Professor Cook's on the We should not expect, therefore, and do not Position and Influence of the Authorized Ver- find, much that is new in the Introduction ; in sion, will stand out as possessed of a more lasting fact, the aim has been to illuminate the printed excellence; that the unevenness which charac- documents rather than to make a study of the terizes the first two volumes both in style and problems presented by Canadian Feudalism. matter will not tend to decrease in later ones; Hence there is sufficient justification for the that conscientious teachers will be forced to moderate use of footnotes and the avoidance warn the guileless student against sundry chap- of monographic style in the volume. ters which have been written with such skill Professor Munro may be counted among the that, while disavowing finality in the discussion adherents of the “new school ” of American of open questions, they nevertheless lead one to historians, if the movement among the leaders believe that the discussion is closed ; that, in of our younger historians may be dignified by fine, we shall all need a guide to this guide-book, such a name. The scholars of this movement and a guard to protect us against our guardians are not distinguished from their predecessors so - sometimes our guardians against one another. much by a difference in method, carefulness of LANE COOPER. procedure, or the discovery of new facts in American history, as by their point of view and the facts which they select for emphasis. In the present case, the comparison between FEUDALISM IN CANADA.* Parkman's interpretation of Feudalism and that The third volume of the Publications of the of Professor Munro is inevitable. Although Champlain Society maintains the high standard Parkman's “ Old Regime in Canada " appeared of excellence established by the preceding ones. in 1874, it has held its place among scholars, As these successive volumes appear, the regret and on our college reference-shelves, as the on the part of the book-buying public will final word, for English readers, on Canadian increase that the Champlain Society does not Feudalism, until the present time. So much reserve a few of each issue for the public mar- is this the case that it is a common saying among ket, so that separate volumes may be purchased Canadian historians that no important work on without the necessity of subscribing to the their history has been done since Parkman. entire series. In the case of publications so . There can be no question of Parkman's unique as the present work, it should be quite industry in collecting the material for his studies; • DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE SEIGNIORIAL TENURE IN for anyone who has followed him closely realizes CANADA, 1598-1854. Edited, with an Historical Introduction that very little escaped him, and that the facts and Explanatory Notes, by William Bennett Munro. Toronto: The Champlain Society. of the subject were well known to him. Nor in of > 230 [April 1, THE DIAL can there be a question of his honesty. After by the Intendants or the Superior Council. In collecting his material he has tried to give a these, the existing system is better displayed judicious interpretation ; and it is here that he than in charters, edicts, dispatches, or instruc- has failed to satisfy modern scientific require- tions, such as have been selected. This is pecu- ments. At the basis of his interpretation lie liarly the case in the economic relations of the those New England experiences which had be- seigneurs to their habitants, a phase of the sys- come so much a part of his consciousness that tem that has been somewhat neglected by the they were never dispelled by his travels. His editor in this volume. The institutions of judgment is provincial, not cosmopolitan. To Canada were not always what the French gov- him, French Canada spells absolutism, ecclesias- ernment desired, nor what the magistrates of ticism, and feudalism; and out of these have New France chose to describe. For the actual developed the institutional history of the north- workings of Canadian Feudalism, therefore, it ern province. will be necessary to supplement the study of this Professor Munro, on the contrary, sets him- volume with careful research in documents of a self the task of discovering the causes of the different kind, which are easily available in peculiar institutions of Canada, and what were printed form, a fact which may justify their the elements of strength which made them fitted omission here. to survive in the primeval forest. He does not Professor Munro has not attempted to trans- find in the conquest of the French colonies by late the French documents, since “a perfect England a reason for condemning their institu- translation would tax the knowledge of a trained tional system ; but rather is he interested in the jurist as well as the literary skill of a historical "remarkable defensive vigour of New France," scholar.” It seems to the reviewer that this was the reason of which was this : “ New France a sufficient reason for making a translation derived advantage from the homogeneity of her rather than an excuse for its omission. The population, her unity of interest and purpose, special knowledge of the editor would have then and her policy of diverting all political, social, been available for the interpretation of these and economic development into those channels extremely technical but valuable documents, which were considered most conducive to mili- and would have justified the extension of the tary efficiency." This was the more necessary work to two volumes if necessary. on account of the large extent of territory which These criticisms are, after all, due to a differ- she was attempting to control, wherein the con- ence of opinion, and in no way touch the schol- ditions were not “unlike those existent in arly method of the editor. The volume is an Western Europe during the ninth and tenth " excellent example of American scholarship, centuries. “A comparatively small body of bound and printed in a dignified style ; and the French colonists, surrounded on all sides by Champlain Society is to be congratulated on the active enemies both white and red, unable at success of its undertaking. Should succeeding any time to rely upon aid from without, and volumes reach the level of scholarship of the dependent for their very existence upon their own first three, the society's publications will form military efficiency, might well have found in a one of the most important collections of source system of feudal organization an institution well material issued in America. adapted to colonial conditions.” (Introduction, CLARENCE WALWORTH ALVORD. pp. XVIII. and xix.) Starting with this new view-point, Professor Munro has been able to make a new interpretation of Canadian Feu- dalism. BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. When the selection of documents to be pub- Memoirs of With the exception of the history of lished has been so carefully made as in this legislation, nothing more clearly em- volume, the reviewer should be cautious in crit- phasizes the continuity of the life of icizing. The mass of materials passed under France across the confines of successive régimes review has been enormous, and the final choice than the experience of men like the Comte de Rambuteau, as revealed in his recently published of those to be printed was reached only after a Memoirs (Putnam). He served the Emperor due consideration of the needs of various classes Napoleon both as chamberlain and as prefect; he of students. The omission of certain documents remained a prefect during the First Restoration, is therefore easily defended. Still, it is sur- and when Napoleon came back for the Hundred prising that the editor has not chosen to include Days he still remained a prefect. After a long some of the decisions in lawsuits handed down interval he again became prefect, this time of Paris, а a Prefect of Napoleon. 1909.) 231 THE DIAL retiring to private life once more with the fall of An especially alluring chapter to those of bookish Louis Philippe. In holding office under three or antiquarian tastes is entitled "The Public Library," régimes within a year, Rambuteau felt he was and begins in this pleasant strain : “As I pass along serving France, rather than exhibiting any unusual early this summer evening I notice that the windows facility in changing masters. It was well that in the of the Public Library are aglow, and I drop in to disastrous years of imperial collapse and abortive inquire of the fair one who presides over it on week- restoration there were men of trained administra- days about the time-stained volumes on the lower tive capacity who could see that the great organs shelves that tell me of the days when Cranford was of public life performed their ordinary functions a-growing, and about the habits of the fathers and until the crisis was over and the controversy be- mothers of a hundred or two years ago.” There is tween Napoleon and his enemies determined finally. no thread of romance whereon the chapters are Although Rambuteau was of the ancient nobil. strung, as there is in the English “Cranford,” but ity, and not of the imperial mintage, he remained the descriptions and reflections and reminiscences at heart a Bonapartist. In 1830 he would have are able to stand on their own merits. contributed to the enthronement of the Duke of Reichstadt had there been any chance of success. Italian days, More sentiment lingers about the These Memoirs were written, or rather dictated, in preserved by name of Italy than of any other his old age. At this time his memory, said by his pen and pencil. country. Doubtless that is why so grandson to have been remarkable, was not free many persons write books about Italy, and why so from liability to lapses. So many scenes pass be- many others are ready to read them; and this is fore his mind that few of them are described with doubtless why " Home Life in Italy" (Macmillan) that distinctness of outline and variety of color has been written by “Lina Duff Gordon.” For some which make the charm of some French Memoirs. months she and her family dwelt in an old fortezza One is puzzled to know what reliance can be placed in an isolated valley of the Carrara mountains, while upon the details of conversations repeated after an her husband (Aubrey Waterfield) made paintings interval of more than thirty years. It may be that, or drawings of the scenery and the people. They according to the classical example of Thucydides, came in somewhat closer touch with the Italian peas- where he could not recall the words or the drift of the talk he repeats what the personages ought to they entered into the village life with sympathetic have said under the circumstances. This precaution appreciation. The book is a pleasing record, by need not apply to the repetition of the witty sayings means of pen and picture, of their individual experi- of the men of the old régime who graced Napoleon's Lovers of Italy will enjoy sharing these, court. The best of these is the reply of the but the title “ Home Life" is somewhat delusive and Comte de Narbonne to Napoleon, when, speaking altogether too large for the occasion. There are of Narbonne's mother, the Emperor said : “She has indeed some chapters of generalities relating to such got no great liking for me, eh?” “No, sire," was subjects as courtship, marriage superstitions, country the response, so far, she has got no further than fairs, etc., but most of this is already familiar knowl- admiration." In the later pages of the Memoirs edge. The chief merit of the book is its somewhat is a detailed analysis of the improvements which piquant way of describing the daily household inci- Rambuteau introduced in Paris as prefect. To stu- dents, those that involve the doings and sayings of dents of Parisian history this will be particularly children and servants, the marketing, the hours in interesting the garden, etc., such minor but interesting things One will not need to be familiar with as we welcome in the well-written letters of a per- Life in a sonal friend. Besides thirteen illustrations made New England Mrs. Gaskell's masterpiece in order Cranford. to enjoy“My Cranford” (Houghton), from Mr. Waterfield's pictures, there are fifteen a little book calling itself, in its sub-title, “ A Phase more from photographs taken by the author and her friends. of the Quiet Life,” from the pen of Mr. Arthur Gilman. A town near Boston, literary in its tastes, “A Group of Scottish Women" independent in its ways, of glorious Revolutionary (Duffield) is the title chosen by Mr. renown, and the mother of many famous sons, distinction. Harry Graham for his collection of such is My Cranford ; and the illustrations from character sketches of representative North British photographs, together with the scattered historical leaders of the fair sex. Seven centuries, from the references, make it not very difficult to conjecture thirteenth to the nineteenth, have been drawn upon what rural community the author had in mind, or for illustrative matter, and a score or more of noted chiefly in mind (for My Cranford seems somewhat hat w women, from Dervorguilla to Miss Clementina composite here and there), when he wrote his book. Stirling Graham, are passed in review, with fifteen . Proper names, of course, are carefully changed, and more or less authentic portraits to increase the a tantalizing vagueness enshrouds the ostensibly clear interest. Various are the types of character repre- and minute details. But each reader will like to do sented : thus we have Elspeth Buchan, the religious his own guessing; therefore any surmise on the fanatic ; Lady Grisell Baillie, the stout-hearted and reviewer's part would be out of place and unfair. resourceful patriot, "a pattern of her sex, and an ences. 66 fro Scottish dames of 232 [April 1, THE DIAL Some German letters for honour to her country,” as her epitaph puts it; Jane, However, it is unfair to single out any one of the Duchess of Gordon, the politician; “ Black Agnes seven essays, as if all of them were not character- of Dunbar, the Scottish Amazon ; Miss“ Nicky” ized by delicacy of touch, richness of allusion, Murray, the leader of fashion; Miss Anne Barnard, strength of perspective, and a crowning philosophy the woman of the world ; Mrs. Grant of Laggan, in which the activities of the historian, critic, edu- the blue-stocking; and others of sundry sorts of cator, and patriotic statesman are made one. The eminence. Of remarkable range has been the illustrations, beginning with a photogravure of the author's reading among old memoirs and chronicles, author and including one of DeSanctis, deserve and most diligent his note-taking. His authorities special mention. of course vary in historical value, but are given for Six years before his death in 1879, no more than they are worth. In referring to the Johannes Brahms sent to his pub- death of the Regent Murray, Mr. Graham says that music-lovers. lisher a document which he called “ an old historical legend long attributed the murder his last will and testament, wherein he gave direc- ... to Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh”. as if there tions that all letters found in his house were to be were any reasonable doubt in the matter, whereas destroyed. But when his executor took charge of the time, the place, and the manner of the assassina- his effects, it was decided that the so-called will was tion are definitely determined on good evidence, the too hastily and informally drafted to be legally valid, very weapon with which the deed was done is pre- and that it had probably been written in a moment served, and the red-handed James Hamilton, noted of irritation and was not to be interpreted literally. for such bloody enterprises, stands pretty clearly Accordingly there was rescued the budget of letters convicted of Murray's untimely taking-off. The from Heinrich and Elisabet von Herzogenberg, and book is the work of a hand experienced in this sort they, with Brahms's letters to these warm friends of collective biography, and shows care and skill in ial version of the correspondence, entitled “ Johannes of his, were edited and published. An English its making, though one error at least (probably a misprint) has crept in, by which Patrick, tenth Earl Brahms: The Herzogenberg Correspondence” of Dunbar, is made to die three centuries after his (Dutton), is now issued ; the translator, whose work time. There is abundance of anecdote and other seems to be very carefully done, being Miss Hannah entertaining as well as historically memorable matter Bryant. The musical experiences and compositions, in the volume. the professional ideals and aspirations, of the three A volume of Professor Pasquale writers of these letters are the favorite topics dis- Final views of a great Villari's “ Studies, Historical and cussed by them, with all sorts of variations and with historian. Critical,” translated by the venerable the occasional introduction of homelier themes. The historian's devoted wife, has been issued by Messrs. friendship between the bachelor composer and the Scribner's Sons. The first and longest of these Herzogenbergs was intimate and beautiful. Brahms seven essays, turning on the question, "Is History writes, in a letter to Heinrich on the death of his a Science ?" possesses unusual value, not only as a wife, near the end of the volume: “You know how summary of past and current thought on the relation unutterably I myself suffer by the loss of your between investigation and literary art, but as coming just to sit beside you quietly, press your hand, and beloved wife, . . It would do me so much good at the end of a fruitful career from a scholar who has , known how to combine the methodical diligence of share your thoughts of the dear marvellous woman." the Germans with certain more gracious qualities of A portrait of Brahms precedes the letters, and sentiment and style which now seem to be the abundant footnotes clear up all perplexities in the prop- erty of the Italians even more than of the French. text. To this greatest of living historians, the amassing Mr. Lawrence Gilman belongs to the and ordering of minute detail, and the whole rational operatic art class of musical critics and essayists procedure of scholarship, are nothing if they do not since Wagner. capable of dissecting what might be contribute to the advancement of an ideal and an called the anatomy of music. He points out that art of human life. As with the purely rational since Richard Wagner ceased to be a dynamic fig- element in historical investigation, so with a mere ure in the life of the world, the history of operatic political faith: this “cannot suffice to consolidate art has been, save for a few conspicuous exceptions, the existence of a free and civilized people unless it a barren and unprofitable page. In “Aspects of be sustained by a nobler human ideal. Wherefore, Modern Music” (John Lane Co.), Mr. Gilman the chief aim of our literature and science should gives us, with uncommon discrimination and power be to revive this ideal in the heart of our nation." of analysis, chapters on the Wagnerian aftermath, Of the other six essays on Cavour, Settembrini, a view of Puccini, the art and morals of Strauss's DeSanctis, Morelli, Donatello, and Savonarola – “Salome," and his conception of a perfect music possibly the most inspiring is that on DeSanctis, drama. The author's views and opinions are care- since it is a subtle and loving analysis of the method fully formed though sometimes radical in expression. and achievement of Professor Villari's own teacher, He pronounces Debussy's “ Pelleas et Melisande ” in the light of more recent tendencies students a masterly piece of psychological and subliminal and critics of literature and the other fine arts. delineation, and believes that there is nothing in among The course of a 1909.] 233 THE DIAL Lincoln, contemporaneous musical art which in the remotest prints, with some general suggestions for amateur degree resembles it in impulse or character. “That, collectors; and a catalogue of the most important as an example of the ideal welding of drama and French engravings of the eighteenth century, grouped music, it will exert a formative or suggestive influ- under an alphabetical arrangement of artists' names, ence, it is not now possible to say; but that its and accompanied by brief descriptions, and notes on extraordinary importance as a work of art will the various states. There are two indexes, one to compel an ever-widening appreciation seems to artists, the other to paintings and engravings; and many certain and indisputable. Thinking of this fifty full-page plates, illustrating varied and delight- score, Debussy might justly say, with Coventry Pat- ful examples of the estampe galante, with its pretty more, I have respected posterity.'" Mr. Gilman's ' Mr. Gilman's portrayal of the dainty, frivolous, eminently deco- book is well worth reading, as it contains matter rative pastimes and follies of the old régime. The that will awaken new thoughts and stimulate dis- second part of the book is of course for reference; cussion on musical themes. the first is not too detailed or technical to lack interest for the general reader. Mr. Nevill laments The honorable One does not associate genealogical the slight attention paid, outside of France, to ancestry of investigations with Abraham Lin- French prints which, both as art and as a reflection coln; his genius has always stood as of life, are worthy of serious consideration. typical of the democratic ideal, which makes no account of ancestors and moulds the most discourag- ing environment to its own ends. But with the BRIEFER MENTION. centenary appears an admirer of the great American who believes firmly in hereditary genius, resents the Mr. Alexander J. Philips is the compiler of “ A Dickens slurs that have been put upon Lincoln's family, par- Dictionary” now published by Messrs. E. P. Dutton & ticularly upon his father and mother, and who has Co. It provides, in a stout volume, an alphabetical index of both the characters and the scenes that appear pursued his favorite occupation of record-hunting in this country and England to the end of showing that in the novels and miscellaneous writings of Charles Dickens. The letters are not catalogued, nor is the the Lincolns occupied an honorable position in both “ Child's History of England.” The compiler expects countries. “The Ancestry of Abraham Lincoln ” in course of time to give us a “ Dickens Encyclopædia,” is the title of Mr. J. Henry Lea's book. In the still more comprehensive in its plan than the present investigations conducted in England he had the work. assistance of Mr. J. R. Hutchinson, who is acknow- It is much easier to find authorities for the study of ledged on the title-page as joint author. The the old masters of painting than for the study of modern Houghton Mifflin Co. publish the work in the form painters — those who are living and working to-day, or of a large octavo, with elegance of typography and who have but recently left us. « The Art of Painting in binding, and many interesting illustrations repro- the Nineteenth Century” (Ginn) is a convenient hand- duced in photogravure. Mr. Lea's conclusions are book prepared by Dr. Edmund von Mach, recently Instructor of the Fine Arts at Harvard. French, Ger- to the effect that the Lincolns of Hingham, England, man, British, and American Painting are discussed, each “ ostensible yeomen with a dominant strain of in a separate chapter; Italy, Spain, and the Netherlands gentle blood in their veins," while the Ketts of are classed together in one chapter; Russia, Denmark, Wymondham were true patriots, though unfortunate and Scandinavia in another. A book of 170 pages ones, two of them dying in behalf of the common covering so large a field implies that little more than weal. In America, also, the family can boast many brief sketches of principal names has been possible. But worthy and even distinguished members. As for the preface warns us not to expect “art-criticism, nor Thomas Lincoln, he was a good man, though not a clever and pithy sayings,” so we need not be misled. There are thirty-two full-page illustrations. great one; a rover perhaps, but not a thriftless “Some Notable Altars in the Church of England and rolling-stone or a “ restless squatter." He fought the American Episcopal Church a good fight against cruelly heavy odds ; and his are pictured in fine quarto-sized plates and briefly described by Rev. John honesty, truth, humor, and good-nature were a Wright, D.D., rector of St. Paul's Church in St. Paul, valuable heritage to his famous son. An appendix in a handsome volume published by the Macmillan Co. contains a number of documents, in the original As the principal object of the work is to furnish definite wordings, — wills, deeds, letters, etc. Altogether Altogether information and practical suggestions for the building Mr. Lea's contribution is decidedly the most original or enrichment of altars, the descriptions are brief but that the centenary has evoked. explicit; and wherever possible names of architects and the cost of construction are stated. It is only within Collectors or would-be collectors of the last century that the American Episcopal Church prints and has paid much attention to church enrichment, but some prints will find Mr. Ralph Nevill's their charm. French Prints of the Eighteenth beautiful effects have been secured, less pretentious but no less artistic than those of the great old-world Cathe- Century” (Macmillan) an excellent guide to a little- drals, and particularly rich in mural paintings. The known division of an art of which almost nothing examples illustrated in the present volume exhibit a has been written in English. There are two main wide variety in style and in expense, especial effort hav- parts of the book : An account of the lives and working been made to furnish suggestions for moderate of the great line-engravers and makers of color- | priced designs. were Old French 234 [April 1, THE DIAL a a ernment," a book for elementary schools by Dr. S. E. NOTES. Forman. We can particularly recommend the last- Mr. Bliss Perry, editor of “The Atlantic Monthly," named book, written by the author of the “ Advanced has just been appointed Hyde Lecturer at the University Civics” which a good many teachers have recently of Paris for the academic year 1909-10. Mr. Perry discovered to be the best text-book of the subject that will discuss American Institutions, but the exact nature has ever been prepared for use in the American high of his subject is not yet announced. school. “The New Philosophy of Life Series," a series of The city of Chelsea (Mass.), fire-swept a year ago essays by Rev. J. Herman Randall of Mount Morris and bereft of its public library, together with other Baptist Church, New York, is announced by the H. M. municipal buildings and hundreds of private dwellings, Caldwell Co. The first volume of the series, entitled is soon to have a new library building, largely through “ The Real God,” will appear this month. the generosity of Mr. Carnegie, who has given $50,000 An admirable little book for boys and girls who are for the purpose. Plans have been drawn and accepted beginning to take a serious interest in the world around for an attractive and, in its internal arrangement, admir- them is Professor Paul S. Reinsch's “The Young ably convenient and serviceable structure, on which Citizen's Reader,” published by Messrs. B. H. Sanborn building operations are expected to begin immediately. & Co. It makes a good school reader, and a good book The American publishing rights for General Kuro- for young people to read outside of school. patkin's “ Military Memoirs ” have been secured by Mr. William Young has edited from the (third) edition Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co., who will issue the work of 1652, “ The Saints' Everlasting Rest,” by Richard almost immediately. In the Memoirs, General Kuro- Baxter. Extensive omissions have been made, but the patkin frankly discusses the policies which led up to the volume is still a stout one, and gives us the substance Russo-Japanese War, and gives a full account of the of this famous religious classic in handsome library conflict. The English version of the book is by Captain form. The J. B. Lippincott Co. are the publishers. A. B. Lindsay, translator of Nojine's “The Truth The spring publications of Mr. B. W. Huebsch will about Port Arthur,” and it is edited by Major E. S. include a volume of short stories, “ Beyond the Sky Swinton, D.S.O. Line,” by “ Robert Aitken ”; “The Marvellous Year," Ibsen's posthumous works, as we learn from the a memorial volume of the present year of great cen- London “ Nation,” are now in the printers' hands, and tenaries, to which Mr. Edwin Markham supplies an are announced to appear within the next few months. introduction; and “ Product and Climax," by Mr. S. N. The volumes will undoubtedly throw a new and clearer Patten, a new volume in “The Art of Life" series. light upon many Ibsen problems. They will, we under- Besides a number of novels, Mr. Mitchell Kennerley stand, prove the futility of much speculation and criti- will publish this Spring a two-volume study of “The cism, at which Ibsen himself often smiled as being too Empires of the Far East," by Mr. Lancelot Lawton; subtle and far-fetched. The contents include first drafts “ The Cities of Spain,” by Mr. Royall Tyler; “ Apollonius of many of Ibsen's works, and thus show the original of Tyana,” a study of his life and times, by Dr. F. W. keynote from which he started. Groves Campbell; a brief biography of Rossetti, by Mr. The one hundredth anniversary of the birth of Oliver Frank Rutter; and “ Effective Magazine Advertising," Wendell Holmes occurs on August 29 next, but it will by Mr. Francis Bellamy. be celebrated by a memorial meeting in Sanders Thea- Through an error, it was recently announced that the tre, Cambridge, Mass., on Tuesday evening, April 27. biography of the Hon. Mrs. Norton, to be brough thn delivered by Dr. Edward Waldo Emerson of Concord, out President Eliot will preside, and brief addresses will be here by Messrs. Holt, and in England by Mr. John Murray, was the work of “Miss Alice Perkins.” It Col. Thomas W. Higginson, Dr. David W. Cheever, and should have been credited to Miss Jane Perkins, who is the Rev. Samuel M. Crothers. Music will be furnished a sister-in-law of Professor Edward Everett Hale, Jr., by the Harvard Glee Club and the orchestra of the the author of “Dramatists of To-day" and editor of a Cambridge Latin school. Mr. Charles Townsend Cope- number of English classics. land will read two of Dr. Holmes's poems, « The Last A new book by Professor Hugo Münsterberg, of Leaf” and “The Chambered Nautilus.” The meeting Harvard University, is announced by Houghton Mifflin will be under the auspices of the Cambridge Historical Company “ The Eternal Values," as it will be called, Society, and among the invited guests will be the grad- first appeared last year in Germany. The success of uates of the Harvard Medical School between 1847 and the German edition now leads the author to publish the 1882. work in English, not as a mere translation, but with Sturgis & Walton Company is the style of a new certain side issues omitted, and many new parts added publishing firm which has just been established in New which link it more closely with practical life. York City. The members of the firm are Lyman B. The Grafton Press publishes a volume of translations, Sturgis, who was vice-president of the Macmillan Com- by Mr. Daniel Joseph Donahoe, of “ Early Christian pany for a number of years, and Lawton L. Walton, Hymns," including the most famous examples of these who was secretary of the Macmillan Company and head compositions from the time of the Fathers down to such of the manufacturing department for upwards of sixteen men of a later period as Abelard, Bernard of Clairvaux, years. Sturgis & Walton Company announce for early Bonaventure, Thomas Aquinas, and Pope Urban VIII. Spring publication a revised and enlarged edition of a This gives us a Christian anthology of great value, the work by James J. Williamson, on “ Mosby's Rangers,” versions being both scholarly and melodious. a record of the operations of the Forty-third Battalion The American Book Co. publish “ Aiken's Music Virginia Cavalry known as “Mosby's Rangers ”; an Course," by Mr. Walter H. Aiken, in a single volume; attractive edition of “The Lost Tales of Miletus," by “ Nature Study by Grades," a teachers' manual by Mr. Sir Edward Bulwer-Lytton, which has been out of print Horace H. Cummings; and “ Essentials in Civil Gov- for many years; a new edition of Charles Waterton's - a " 9 1909.] 235 THE DIAL - » “Wanderings in South America,” with a memoir of the author by Dr. Norman Moore, an introduction and six- teen full-page illustrations by Charles Livingston Bull, who made a trip to Guiana in the Spring of 1908, going over exactly the same ground covered by Waterton; also, a reprint, in two volumes, with illustrations and map, of the second edition of Benjamin F. Thompson's “History of Long Island.” Besides these works they have in preparation three series, — “ The Swan Dram- atists,” a selected series of the great plays in English literature, such as Christopher Marlowe's “ Doctor Faustus,” John Webster's “ Duchess of Malfi,” Gold- smith's “She Stoops to Conquer,” and others equally important, which will contain sufficient critical matter to make them of interest to the general reader and also suitable for class use; “The Deepwater Series,” popular tales of the sea, including classics like “Two Years before the Mast” by Richard Henry Dana, Jr., “The Red Rover” by J. Fenimore Cooper, “ The Wreck of the Grosvenor" by W. Clark Russell, and others; “ Familiar Friends Series," a collection of good books for boys and girls, to include “Cousin Phillis" by Mrs. Gaskell, “Milly and Olly" by Mrs. Humphry Ward, “The Heroes” by Charles Kingsley, “Gypsy Breynton" by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, and others. TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. April, 1909. Alaska-Yukon Fair, The. L. P. Zimmerman. World To-day. Alcoholism: Its Cause and Cure. S. McComb. Everybody's. America, A United. L. S. Rowe. North American. America's Plant Food, Saving. G. E. Mitchell, Rev. of Revs. American Art, Sincerity Needed in. Craftsman. American Racing on British Turf. O. Sevier. Munsey. American Shrines, Famous. Harry Thurston Peck. Munsey. Antony and Cleopatra. Guglielmo Ferrero. Putnam. Architecture and National Character. Craftsman. Army Post, a Western, Letters from. G. M. A. Roe. Appleton. Authors and Public Affairs. Brander Matthews. No. American. Babies, A Square Deal for the. Rheta C. Dorr. Hampton's. Bachelor Girls, Royal. F. Cunlifte-Owen. Munsey. Backyard Gardens. M. R. Cranston. Craftsman. Bastida, Joaquin Sarolla y. J. W. Pattison. World To-day. Bastida, Joaquin Sarolla y. K. M. Roof. Craftsman. Battleships, Dangers to Our. Robley D. Evans. Hampton's. Beersheba, Beyond. Norman Duncan. Harper. Biology, Predarwinian and Postdarwinian. Popular Science. Booth, Edwin, and Lincoln Century. Business, Imagination in. L. F. Deland. Atlantic. Byron and the Countess Guiccioli. L. Orr. Munsey. Caine, Hall, Autobiography of - VIII. Appleton. Cardinals, For Six American. H. J. Desmond. No. American. Carving in Architecture. E. A. Batchelder. Craftsman. Cave Men. In the Day of the. Harvey B. Bashore. Lippincott. Chariot Races, The American. C. F. Holder. World To-day. Chicago. Charles Henry White. Harper. Chicago's Italian Pageant. M. Johnson. Putnam. Child Labor and the Churches. C. F. Aked. Appleton. Child Laborin Textile Factories. F. L. Sanville. No. American. China, Empress Dowager of. I. T. Headland. Cosmopolitan. Chun, Prince of China. I. T. Headland. Century. Civic Improvement in Boston. Craftsman. Cleveland's Opinions of Men. G. F. Parker. McClure. Concrete for Church Architecture. Craftsman. Congo Question, The. Felix H. Hunicke. North American. Cotton Trade, Building up Our. D. J. Sully. Cosmopolitan. Critics'Strike, The. James L. Ford. Appleton. Cymbeline, Shakespeare's. T. Watts-Dunton. Harper, Darwin and Botany. Nathaniel L. Britton. Popular Science. Darwin and Geology. J.J. Stevenson. Popular Science, Darwin and Zoology. H. C. Bumpus. Popular Science, Darwin, Charles. Leonard Huxley. Putnam. Darwin, Charles, Individuality of. C.F. Cox. Popular Science. Darwin, For. T. H. Morgan. Popular Science. Darwin, Life and Works of. H. F. Osborn. Popular Science. Decoration, Medieval. E. A. Batchelder. Craftsman. Dry Farming, The Truth about. C. M. Harger. Rev. of Revs. Dyestuffs, Modern, in Stencilling. C. E. Pellew. Craftsman. Earle, George H., Jr. Richard Jarvis. Hampton's. Education, The New, in China. Paul S. Reinsch. Atlantic. English Town. An, from an American Viewpoint. Scribner. Evolution of Man. John Burroughs. Atlantic. FitzGerald, “Omar.” Henry D. Sedgwick, Putnam. Fur-Traders as Empire-Builders – II. C. M. Harvey. Atlantic. Gardens, Water in Small. Craftsman. Hadley, Governor, of Missouri. L. C. Dyer. Munsey. Hague, the, Diplomatic Life at. Mme. de Bussen. Harper. Harem, Prisoners of the. E. A. Powell. Everybody's. Harmon, Governor Judson, of Ohio. S. Gordon. Munsey. Harris, Joel Chandler. J. W. Lee. Century. Housemaid, The Mechanical. M. McDowell. Appleton. House Rules, The: A Criticism. C. A. Swanson. Rev. of Revs. House Rules. The: A Defense. F. C. Stevens. Rev. of Revs. Immortals, The Forty. Jeanne Mairet. Atlantic. Inaugurating Taft. Hugh Weir. World To-day. India, The Future of. Charles F. Thwing. North American. Indian, Last Stand of the. Emerson Hough. Hampton's. Industrial Civilization. E. Björkman. World's Work. Insurance Risks. G. W. Wharton. World's Work. Insurance Supervision. D. P. Kingsley. North American. Ivory Trade, The. Mrs. H. R. Childs. McClure. Japanese Trade and the Peace of Asia. World's Work. Jefferson, Joseph, at Home. E. P. Jefferson. Century. Jericho Rediscovered. R. C. Long. World To-day. Joan of Arc. Henry J. Markland. Munsey. Knox's Qualifications for the Cabinet. World's Work. Lawlessness. Charles W. Eliot. Putnam. Lawns and Gardens, Adorning. C. A. Byers. Craftsman. Life Insurance, Romance of-XI. W.J.Graham. World To-day. Lincoln and Wilkes Booth. M. H. P. Mons. Century. Lincoln's Assassination. Julia A. Shepard. Century. Lincoln's Interest in the Theatre. L. Grover. Century. Lowell, A. Lawrence. Wm. R. Thayer. Century. MacKay, Mrs. Clarence, on Woman Suffrage. Munsey. Margin Game, Workings of the. John Parr. Everybody's. Meissen and Dresden, R. H. Schauffler. Century. Messina Earthquake, After the. Robert Hichens. Century. Messina Earthquake, Tho. F. A. Perret. Century. National Budget, Regulating the. G. B. Cortelyou. No. Amer. Natural Resources, Wasting Our. R. Cronau. McClure. Natural Selection, First Presentation of Theory of. Pop. Science, Natural Selection, Origin of Theory of. Popular Science. Naval Gunnery Records, Breaking. 8. E. White. World's Work. Navy, Our, Cost of. Lucia A, Mead. World To-dav. Nero. Guglielmo Ferrero. McClure. Night-Riding. Eugene P. Lyle, Jr. Hampton's. Opera in New York. W. J. Henderson. World's Work. Opium Crusade in China, The. J. S. Thomson. World To-day. Painting, Mural, and Architecture. W.L. Price. Craftsman. Panama, The Situation at. Forbes Lindsay. Review of Reviews. Parthenon, The, via Europe. F. Hopkinson Smith. Scribner. Photography as an Art. G. Edgerton. Craftsman. Platt, Thomas C., Reminiscences of. Cosmopolitan. Plotting the Upper Air. P. P. Foster. Review of Reviews. Poets, Spring, A Nosegay of. L. Hatch. Atlantic. Porto Rico as a Fruit Garden. H. M. Lome. World To-day. Race Problem, The Ultimate. Kelly Miner. Atlantic, Rag-Fair Day in Rome, A. Gardner Teall. World To-day. Railroad Problem, Heart of the. C. E. Russell. Hampton's. Railroads and Efficient Service. J.O. Fagan. Atlantic. Railway Rates and the Diminished Dollar. North American. Railways, Valuation of. J. L. Laughlin. Scribner. 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Perception, Interpreting and Associat- on credulous investigators of psychic ing Functions of the Mind, Memory, phenomena. With rare skill and tact Dissociation and Oblivescence, Illu- By CAMILLE FLAMMARION Mr. Carrington, who has had many sions, Hallucinations, Pseudo-Spiritis- Director of the Observatory at Juvisy. years of experience, shows exactly how tic Phenomena, Subconscious Action Large 12mo, illustrated, $2.50 net, the tricks are done. His book is written and Secondary Personality, Mind and Body, Hypnotism and Therapeutics, or, by mail, $2.70. wholly without prejudice, in a calm, Reincarnation, Reservations, and Mysterious Psychic Forces courteous. judicial style, and the facts Morals. are presented with precision and order- A comprehensive review of the work “It treats perplexing questions conserv- liness. The latter part of the book is done by European scientists of inter- atively, and with a view to create an intelli- national reputation in investigating devoted to the consideration of what gent public interest in the baffling problem psychical phenomena, written by a the author believes to be genuine phe- of psychical research. It is a book none scientist of world-wide fame. The vol- nomena. should neglect who is attracted by the ume includes the investigations of Sir recondite mystery to whose solution it “He writes from the point of view of one William Crookes, Professor Richet, looks forward and attempts to clear the who believes that such phenomena as come Professor Morselli, Professor Lom- way." - The Outlook. within the realms of spiritualism, popularly broso. Count de Roches, Professor conceived, do occur, and on that account Porro, Professor Alfred Russell Wallace, Enigmas of Psychical Research Professor Thiory, Dr. Dariex. Victor he is particularly anxious to expose the An account of the scientific invest- Sardou, Aksakot, and many others. fraud connected with them, since it is only by so doing that the world can reach the igation and consideration of such "Such a book, from such a writer, is genuine which lies behind." well-established phenomena as crystal- more than interesting. It is timely. And - Boston Transcrint. gazing, telepathy,dreams, apparitions, the reader must admit, whatever his pre- premonitions, clairvoyance, medium- judices or presuppositions, that, taking istic phenomena, etc. Professor Flammarion's book as an honest The Coming Science “Professor Hyslop, be it observed, does record of long and careful scientific study, not write as one who has fully made up his which it is entitled to be considered, it With an introduction by JAMES H. mind, and is determined to make others see amply sustains the author's conclusions." HYSLOP. with his eyes. On the contrary, he is care- - Literary Digest. ſul to preserve an attitude of caution, the " The book is one of the most interesting 12mo. $1.50 net, or, by mail, $1.62. attitude, in short, of the trained investi- that have ever been written on the subject. This book fills a place in the literature gator who feels that the end is not yet in Those who have the least liking for the sub- of psychical research not covered by sight. Perhaps this, more than anything ject will find it entertaining beyond expec- any other book that has thus far ap- else, is responsible for the praise his book tation." - Cleveland Plain Dealer. peared. Its aim is threefold: (1) To has elicited." - Literary Digest. form an introduction to the study of By ROBERT J. THOMPSON Science and a Future Life the subject, so that any one may feel Proofs of Life After Death familiar with the general problems and In this volume the author discusses results without having previously read the scientific investigation of psychic 12mo. $1.50 net, or, by mail, $1.62. extensively upon it; (2) to approach phenomena. A collation of opinions as to a future “Professor Hyslop discusses the problem lite by such eminent scientific men and the baffling questions from the stand- of life after death from data accumulated thinkers as N. S. Shaler, C. Richet, point of physical science, and point by the Society for Psychical Research. He Camille Flammarion, Professor Bru- out exactly what the difficulties and considers the evidence scientifically, basing not, Sir William Crookes, Th. Flour. objections are to the scientific man; his argument upon experiments conducted noy, Elmer Gates, William James, Dr. (3) to summarize the various explana- by Sir Oliver Lodge, the late Professor Paul Joire, Dr. Lombroso, Simon New- tory theories that have been advanced Henry Sidgwick, Professor James, of Har- comb, Professor Hyslop, Dr. M. J. Sav- vard, the late Frederic W. H. Myers, and age. Sir Oliver Lodge, Alfred Russell from time to time to explain the facts a number of others, including some valu- Wallace, Cardinal Gibbons, Andrew of psychical research. able experimental work of his own." Lang, and many others. The book con- " The great importance of the book lies – Review of Reviews. tains many arguments from a scientific in its pointing out that materialism must " His argument is like the charge of a standpoint that will interest all who ultimately triumph, if no facts can be judge to a jury, clear, definite, logical, wish evidence other than theological. brought forward to prove it erroneous, and leaving no doubtful point untouched, and “Seeking for comfort in a great sorrow, this would mean the destruction of the no interrogation unanswered. Altogether the author made a colloction of opinions as religious consciousness of the age. It is the book is one of the most important in its to a future life by some of the world's most of prime importance, therefore, that the particular branch of literature that has ever eminent scientific men and thinkers." average reader,' if there is such a thing, yet been given to the public. It should Chicago Record-Herald. should be properly introduced to the prob- have a multitude of readers." “It should find a place on the shelf of lems of the coming science.'" - Boston Transcript. every thinker." — Boston Transcript. - Boston Transcript. A special pamphlet, fully describing these books, will be sent free to any address on application. . Publishers of the Beacon Biographies SMALL, MAYNARD & COMPANY PUBLISHERS BOSTON Publishers of the Beacon Biographies (INCORPORATED) THE DIAL PRESS, FINE ARTS BUILDING, CHICAGO. THE E DIAL AF!!! 1909 A SEMI-MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information FRANCIS T. BROWNE } Volum.BAL. VI. CHICAGO, APRIL 16, 1909. 548 10 cts. a copy. S FINE ARTS BUILDING $2. a vear. 1 203 Michigan Blvd. IMPORTANT BOOKS OF THE SPRING SIENA: The Story of a Mediaeval Commune By FERDINAND SCHEVILL, Professor of History, Chicago University. Illustrated. $2.50 net. Postpaid $2.76. A fascinating and comprehensive account of the history and art of one of the most interesting cities in the world. “ The book will give the general reader a more intimate knowledge of Siena than he would probably gain from a library of historical treatises. . . . It will also give him something of the distinctive personality of the place, of the charm and diffused fragrance of the local spirit of truth and beauty." -- Boston Herald. EGOISTS: A book of Supermen By JAMES HUNEKER 81.80 net. Postpaid $1.60. ENGLAND AND THE ENGLISH From an American Point of View By PRICE COLLIER $1.80 net. Postpaid $1.60. Of one of the chapters which recently appeared in Scribner's Magazine, an English reviewer wrote: “We take off our hats to this writer and congratulate him on his powers of observation and his faculty for dissecting character." Manchester Weekly Times. “ His concern is to make the picture very vivid in a way of his own and leave it at that. And how brilliantly, how sympathetically, with what insight and spirit and wit he paints it!” – New York Tribune. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION: A Study of the Larger Mind By CHARLES HORTON COOLEY, Professor of Sociology, University of Michigan. $1.00 net. Postpaid $1.60. A remarkably elaborate and systematic exposition of the social relations as distinguished from the individual constitution of man, and of their effect on his conduct and activities, moral and material. Poetry SHELLEY ARTEMIS AND ACTAEON And Other Verse By EDITH WHARTON $1.00 net. Postpaid $1.10. Mrs. Wharton's first volume of Collected Poems. They are remarkable for their power and beauty of expression. By FRANCIS THOMPSON $1.00 net. Postpaid $1.10. A fascinating and astonishing study of one great poet by another. A masterpiece of critical interpretation. CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 153 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK 242 [April 16, THE DIAL New Books of Standard Interest Not only are these works authoritative in their treatment of important questions and illuminating in their treatment of the arts, but in appearance, format, and illustrations they are among the notable books of the season. a a LETTERS FROM CHINA: With Particular Reference to the Empress Dowager and the Women of China. By SARAH PIKE CONGER. Mrs. Conger lived in China from 1898 to 1904 as the wife of the American minister. After passing through the siege of the Legations, she was instrumental in bringing about good feeling between the Empress Dowager and the Allied Powers. These letters throw a unique light on conditions then and now in the Chinese Empire. They are profusely illustrated from Mrs. Conger's own photographs, which include those of the late Empress Dowager and her retioue, published by special permission. Profusely illustrated. Index. Crown 8vo, red cloth, stamped in white, gold, and green. $2.75 net. By mail, $2.95. Ready in April. THE ANDEAN LAND By CHASE S. OSBORN. Mr. Osborn's work is not only a vivid travel story, told with a wealth of anecdote, but is a serious effort to depict the recent progress of South America which so far has outstripped altogether the historian. The American exporter will find here some trenchant criticisms of his usual methods in handling South American trade. The man who wishes to cover the ground himself will find the work a complete guide to the lands of our Southern neighbors. Two volumes. with over 50 illustrations and 4 maps. Indexed. Large 8vo. $5.00 net. By mail, $5.32. Ready in April. A SUMMER IN TOURAINE By Frederic LEES. The banks of the Loire, Vienne, and Cher are here described as they appear to a leisurely and cultured traveller who sees, as he passes along the river banks, and wanders through the old chateaux, not the pageant of a summer only, but the whole pageant of the Renaissance in France. Mr. Lees, however, gives definite information for the present day traveller, who wishes to see the most of Touraine, as well as historic insight for the fireside traveller, who will find every notable chateau represented in Mr. Lees's pictures of historic houses and rooms. With 12 plates in full color, and many other full-page illustrations, and a map. Large 8vo. $2.75 net. By mail, $2.92. THE EMPIRE OF THE EAST: Japan As It Was, Is, and Will Be. By H. B. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Montgomery takes Japan seriously and consistently endeavors to get beneath the bizarre surface appearances, and at the real Japan. He presents, therefore, a comprehensive picture of a nation intensely utilitarian even in its art, bending all its energies toward national progress. His chapters on Japanese art are unusually explicit. The illustrations are from Japanese masters. With frontispiece in color and other illustrations. Index. Large 8vo. $2.50 net. By mail, $2.64. THE SUMMER GARDEN OF PLEASURE By Mrs. Stephen BATSON, author of “A Concise Handbook of Garden Flowers.” That one's garden may bloom from early to late summer with no flowerless interregnum is the ideal that Mrs. Batson sets forth with Mr. Osmund Pittman's admirable illustrations in color. After a chapter on the Wild Garden, at once the most fascinating and least exacting of all gardens, Mrs. Batson treats the flowers in detail and prepares the reader for the perils and pleasures of the seasons. In literature, gardens have ever sought the permanence denied by nature, and Pliny, Tacitus, Bacon, and many lesser lights contribute to the literary value of this volume. With 36 illustrations in color by Osmund Pittman. Index. Large 8vo. $3.50 net. By mail, $3.66. ART OF SPEECH AND DEPORTMENT By Anna MORGAN. SELECTED READINGS Compiled by AnnA MORGAN. A pioneer producer of the higher order of drama, Miss Morgan speaks with authority in all that pertains to inter- pretation. In this work she gives detailed treatment to the elements that go to make the finished and powerful speaker in the drawing-room or before an audience. A notable part of the work is that dealing with the drama, and Miss Morgan's own experiences as a producer are given in an appendix. From Tolstoi to O. Henry and from Boccaccio to Edward Everett Hale, the field of literature pays tribute to this volume. Many of the selections are published for the first time apart from their author's works and only by special permission. The dramatic section includes Shaw and Stephen Phillips, as well as the older dramatists. Two volumes, 12mo, each $1.50 net. By mail, each, $1.64. Ready in April. A. C. McCLURG & CO. PUBLISHERS CHICAGO 1909.] 243 THE DIAL Is Shakespeare Dead ? ? By Mark Twain "HIS new volume is quick with keen, poignant humor, pierced with vigilant wit—one that in the guise of fun carries a message of real im of real importance. It is a valuable contribution to the literature of the subject—and it is written with all the discerning analysis of Mark Twain at his best and funniest. Crown 8vo, Cloth. Gilt Top. Rough Edges. . $1.25 net. A New Novel by the author of Nancy Stair The Hand Made Gentleman Katrine BY ELINOR MACARTNEY LANE. In “Katrine” a new heroine has come into her own, the most beautiful and compelling figure that the author has given us. The romance opens amid historic surround- ings in North Carolina, where Francis Ravenel meets Katrine, and idyllic scenes pass before the reader among the roses of the South. The action changes to Paris and an atmosphere of art and intrigue, and again to New York. It is a great romance, but most of all the romance of a woman's all-conquering love. With Frontispiece. Post 8vo. Cloth, $1.50. Like another " Eben Holden," only better the author's best. BY IRVING BACHELLER. This new novel fol. lows Mr. Bacheller's favorite style, treating of rural types and abounding in local dialect, grim wit, and good-natured humor--better than anything he has done before. “The Hand Made Gentleman conceives a plan for combining railway lines, which he submits to Commodore Vanderbilt, and, his idea being approved, he has an interview with "a man of the name of Andrew Carnegie." The story, indeed, forms a romance of the wonderful industrial development of the past half-century in New York. And there is a wonderfully beautiful love story. Price, $1.50. Wallace Rhodes The ACTRESS BY NORAH DAVIS. An unconventional novel -father and son in love with the same woman; but the story is sincerely free from all questionable incident or suggestion, and is, besides, dramatic, well-analyzed, and exciting in its development. It takes its color mainly from the personality of an exquisite, alluring woman, who by the world's test is something worse than a coquette, and as a matter of fact is only a lovely and very feminine woman. Post 8vo, Cloth, $1.50. BY LOUISE CLOSSER HALE. It is different-from the very heart of actor life. It stands alone in re- vealing the true-not the scandal-stagedom through this charming girl, her associates, and the man she loves. He's a prosperous, level- headed business man, and natu- rally hasn't much sympathy with hier "career". But the actress tells her heart-story better than any one else can. Illustrated. Post 8vo, Cioth, $1.50. The Planter By Herman Whitaker Harper & Brothers A YOUNG man from Maine, where the Commandments still hold, finds himself in the tropics. Here all his harder virtues are set upon by the hot winds that blow, by quick gusts of passion, by emotions all new and overpowering. Here even the “lascivious stars" are against him. It is the story of a naked soul struggling in the toil of compelling emotion- with all the impulses towards soft wrong.doing dragging at him. Post Svo, Cloth, $1.50. 244 (April 16, THE DIAL The Garden of Girls Credo A remarkable statement of belief, - the work of one individual, although submitted to and approved by many leading religious thinkers. The New Righteousness By Professor VIDA SCUDDER of Wellesley College. Being the second part of “The Social Conscience of the Future,” keen articles on Socialism begun in the January issue. The Message of Gilbert K. Chesterton By John A. Hutton, of Glasgow. The reasons for Chesterton's belief in God " with heartiness and uproariousness,” and his condemna- tion of all the “isms." Islam, the Religion of Common Sense By"IBN ISHAK, a Muslim graduate of the Anglo- Muhammadan College. Showing the sane and reasonable grounds of belief of this ancient Oriental religion. The Message of Modern Mathematics to Theology By Professor C. J. KEYSER, of Columbia University. In which he shows that the doctrine that each of the three Persons of the Trinity is equal to the One composed by all, is rigorously thinkable and mathe- matically demonstrable. By MARIAN A. HILTON IF you know a girl who has outgrown juvenile books but is not yet ready for the modern novel - this is HER BOOK. It tells the story of two high-bred girls who come to New York to make their way. Their home-making in a model tenement, their girl friends, their chicken ranch, their sorrows and griefs, their rise to fortune, their innocent romances - all this is told with a humor, vivacity, and understanding of young life that will hold the interested attention of a girl reader from the first to the last page. Its unobtrusive teaching of all that is Finest and Best in Girl Life and Womanhood cannot fail to influence overy Girl who reads it. Ask Your Bookseller. Fully illustrated. 560 pp. 12mo. Cloth. $1.50. THE TANDY-THOMAS CO., NEW YORK: 31-33 EAST TWENTY-SEVENTH STREET. FOR THE ABOVE AND EQUALLY STRIKING ARTICLES, SEE THE APRIL HIBBERT JOURNAL OF INTEREST to LIBRARIANS A QUARTERLY REVIEW OF RELIGION, THEOLOGY, AND PHILOSOPHY An Unusual Number of An Unusual Periodical 75 cents per copy $2.50 por annum Subscriptions can begin with any issue, but the January number, an exceedingly strong one, ought not to be overlooked by new subscribers. Published by SHERMAN, FRENCH & CO. 6 Beacon Street Boston, Massachusetts WE E are now handling a larger per- centage of orders from Public Libraries, School and College Libraries, than any other dealer in the entire country. This is because our book stock, covering all classes and grades of books, is more plete than that of any other book- seller in the United States, enabling us to make full and prompt ship- ments. Also, because we have a well equipped department looking after this special branch of the business. com- a OUR LIBRARY SERVICE WE have recently supplementod our sorvice to Libraries. by procuring Out-of-Print and Scarce Books, and by importing English books. Our EDUCATIONAL CATALOGUE contains a full list of Supplementary Reading, indicating the grade to which each title is adapted. Our CLEARANCE CATALOGUE contains overstock at special prices, and an alphabetical arrangement by authors of all cheap editions of Recent Popular Fiction and Standard Library 12mos in one list. Our LIBRARY CATALOGUE of 3500 approved titles, fol- lowing A. L. A. lines, is of great convenience to small libraries. Our MONTHLY BULLETIN notices promptly every new book of importance. These Catalogues are sent on request. Three notable features of our service are : promptness, thoroughness, and love prices. THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO. WHOLESALE DEALERS IN THE BOOKS OF ALL PUBLISHERS 33 East Seventeenth Street, New York A. C. McCLURG & CO. . LIBRARY DEPARTMENT CHICAGO 1909.) 245 THE DIAL READY APRIL 15 The strongest depiction of character published this year The Seven Who Were Hanged By LEONID ANDREYEV Translated from the Russian by Herman Bernstein This story, which is considered by Russian and European critics the best that has appeared from the pen of the “successor of Tolstoy,” is the first story of any length by Andreyev translated into English. It created a literary and political sensation upon its publication in Russia last year. And it has been translated into several languages, and in Germany is at present attracting much attention both for its powerful theme and its artistic worth. “ The Seven Who Were Hanged" tells seven stories of persons who have been condemned to death, two of them women revolutionists. It is a powerful study of these seven distinct, and as Andreyev has drawn them, wonderfully contrasted types. 12mo. Frontispiece of the author. Cloth. $1.00. In continuation of the new departure made by us of publishing new books at a popular price, we desire to announce the addition to our line, of A Gentleman From Mississippi founded upon the successful and popular play of the same name, the 200th successive performance of which in New York has just been given. The story is a truthful picture of government at Washington; a shameful but accurate picture of Senatorial dishonesty and American business methods injected into politics. Amusing, full of laughter and sentiment from beginning to end, but above all instructive.” — New York Evening Journal. We predict as large a sale for this book as that of « The New Mayor,” founded on Broadhurst's “ Man of the Hour." 12mo. Cloth. 8 full-page illustrations from the Play. 50 cents net. Postage ten cents additional. . . We desire to announce the addition of four other titles to our line of popular cloth copyrights, making eight titles as follows: *THE NEW MAYOR Founded on the Play. “The Man of the Hour" *THE DEVIL Ferenc Molnar THE HOUSE BY THE RIVER Florence Warden *A GENTLEMAN FROM MISSISSIPPI Founded on the Play THE KREUTZER SONATA AND OTHER STORIES. (140th Thou- sand; New edition from new plates) Count Tolstoy 'WAY DOWN EAST (Over 260,000 copies of the story have been sold) Joseph R. Grismer THE PEER AND THE WOMAN E. Phillips Oppenheim A MONK OF CRUTA E. Phillips Oppenheim * Books marked with an asterisk are 50 cents net, retail, the others, 75 cents. Liberal discount to the trade. The above books are all issued in attractive cloth binding with new and separate cover design on each. Most of them are fully illustrated. The new books announced and the additions to the popular copyright line will be ready April 15. Advance orders solicited. . . J. S. OGILVIE PUBLISHING COMPANY, 57 ROSE ST., NEW YORK 246 (April 16, 1909. THE DIAL NOW READY COMPLETE IN FOUR VOLUMES DR. BAILEY’S Great Cyclopedia of American Agriculture Edited, with the assistance of over 300 Agricultural Experts, by L. H. BAILEY, Director of the College of Agriculture, Cornell University, and Chairman of the Commission on Country Life. In four quarto volumes, with 100 full-page plates, and about 2,000 other illustrations. It tells both what to do on the farm, and how to do it This is the book of reference for the country place. It will save its cost many times over on every country estate. It is indispensable for reference on any subject connected with the farm or the outdoor affairs of a country home. CONTENTS POINTS TO BE NOTED VOLUME I. — FARMS – A general survey of all the Any man who wants a country home can get agricultural regions of the United States Advice from it the best advice on buying land, on the lay- as to the Projecting of a Farm - The Soil — The out of a farm or country place, the best way of Atmosphere. planning operations, and the capital required for VOLUME II.- FARM CROPS — The Plant and Its purchase, equipment, and operation. Relations - The Manufacture of Crop Products North American Field Crops. Any man who has a country home can, by com- paring his experience with the detailed information VOLUME III.-FARM ANIMALS--The Animal and in this work, find out whether he is getting the Its Relations-Manufacture of Animal Products- North American Farm Animals. best possible returns for his work and where to make improvements if needed. VOLUME IV.-SOCIAL ECONOMY IN THE COUN- TRY- Just ready. Perhaps the most important Any man who has to attend to the construction of volume of all. It contains discussions on all phases farm buildings, drainage, tillage, the growing or of country life: - Education, farm accounting, the marketing of any crops, the care of any kind of farm costs of production, profitable handling and sale of stock, the manufacture of any agricultural product perishable food crops, etc. whatever, will find this work indispensable. Send for a full prospectus, with names of contributors, outline of contents, etc. In four quarto volumes, fully illustrated, cloth, $20.00 net; half mor., $32.00. THE LATEST NEW MACMILLAN BOOKS Kate V. Saint Maur's new book Frank Danby's new novel The Earth's Bounty Sebastian By the author of A Self-Supporting Home.” In Wherever a father's ideals conflict with a mother's the same attractive, clear, absolutely practical way, hopes for the son of their dreams you meet the cur- she deals with the wider problems of the country rents underlying the plot of the new novel by the home. Cloth, illus., $1.75 net; by mail, $1.90. author of " The Heart of a Child.” Cloth, $1.50. A good companion to this issued last year. Rina Ramsay's The Straw Allen French's An unusually good story, in the outdoor atmosphere of a gay “hunting set.' Cloth, $1.50. Handbook and Planting-Table of Vegetables and Garden Herbs Eden Phillpotts's The Three Brothers A book which should be on the book-shelf in every home where there is a garden. Distinctly a masterpiece - the best of his Dartmoor Cloth, $1.75 net; by mail, $1.89. books. Cloth, $1.50. . PUBLISHED BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 64-66 Fifth Ave., NEW YORK THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. . PAGE THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of each month. TERMS or SUBSCRIPTION, 82. a year in advance, postage HOME RULE AND PUBLIC EDUCATION. prepaid in the United States, and Mexico; Foreign and Canadian From the time when the General Court of the postage 50 cents per year extra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY. Massachusetts Bay Colony ordered that a com- Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub- mon school should be established in every town of scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription fifty householders, at the expense of those house- is desired. ADVERTISING Rates furnished on application. Au com munications should be addressed to holders, and fixed a penalty for non-compliance THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. with this law, it has been the recognized duty Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office of the State to see that the means of education at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879. are provided for its youthful citizens, and to No. 548. APRIL 16, 1909. Vol. XLVI. make it impossible for any miserly or short- sighted local community to withhold the needed CONTENTS. financial support. No principle is more firmly fixed in our practice than this, and none is HOME RULE AND PUBLIC EDUCATION 247 more fundamental to our existence as a Federal CASUAL COMMENT 249 Union of free democratic commonwealths. The The disparagement of current literature. - French advancing years have witnessed an extension of literary criticism.- A county's growth in the love this principle undreamed of by the pioneers who of literature. — The literature of the linotype. Menander on a modern stage.—The activity of the first gave it a legal phrasing, but the embryo Atlanta library. — Honor among public library of all that we have grown into educationally patrons.—A youthfully active veteran of letters.- is found in the Massachusetts law above men- A rubbish-heap of reading matter.—The acumen of tioned. Education is the function of the State, an English critic.—A strenuous librarian.-George not of the county or town, because it is a matter Herbert as the originator of Fletcherism. too essential to the common welfare to be left COMMUNICATIONS 252 to the caprice of the locality. The small com- Copyright and the Importation Privilege. Geo. munity may cut its coat according to its cloth Haven Putnam. in such matters of local concern as police and The Cost of Circulating a Library Book. 0. R. Howard Thomson. fire protection, road-making and street-paving, CHINESE WOMEN AND CHINESE WAYS. Percy drainage and sanitation, because the neglect of F. Bicknell. 254 these things has consequences which, however disastrous, are confined to a limited area ; but a THE RIGHT ARM OF THE CONFEDERACY. James M. Garnett . failure to provide suitable public education has 255 effects so far-reaching that the State is bound to THE ÆSTHETIC VALUE OF ASIAN ART. Frederick W. Gookin 257 interpose, and to assert its paramount interest in the training of its future citizens. THE MAID OF FRANCE. Laurence M. Larson 260 This principle once granted (and we all grant RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne . . . 262 it in the abstract), questions of the degree Wells's Tono-Bungay.-Locke's Septimus. — Con- and kind of education become questions of the rad's The Point of Honor. — Kinross's Joan of Garioch.—Thurston's Mirage.—Bindloss's Lorimer merest detail. Whatever system of public edu- of the Northwest. — Phillips's The Fashionable cation the consensus of State opinion determines Adventures of Joshua Craig.- Hough's 54-40 or upon must be accepted, and in good faith pro- Fight. - Lynde's The King of Arcadia. — Orcutt's vided for, by the local political units of which The Spell. the State consists. If it range from the lowest BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 265 elementary teaching to the highest university Colleges as education factories.— Napoleon's Aus- training, no section has a right to refuse its trian campaigns. - The pleasures and pains of the share of the burden. We used to hear much toiling millions.-Beginnings of the greatest city in the world.- A notable contribution to biology. — of the foolish argument that the local commu- John Pettie, Scotch painter. — Dualism in religion nity, while bound to provide common schools, and philosophy.-Some colonial characters in life- might or might not provide high schools at its like attitudes. own pleasure, as if this decision involved some NOTES 268 fundamental principle, instead of being a minor LIST OF NEW BOOKS 269 | aspect of the general question of State policy. . . a 248 (April 16, THE DIAL a We hear little of that contention of late years, Davis law has been so abundantly justified by its because it is too logically evident that manda- effects that it would seem as if no rational person tory support of common schools and of a State could desire its abrogation ; yet at the present university makes provision for the intermediate time a Charter Commission is doing its best to period of education equally mandatory. But we secure repeal, and to restore to the Board of still have many examples of local communities Estimate its former power to determine from year which, from motives of economy, sheltering to year, as the exigencies of local politics may themselves under the specious demand for home dictate, the conditions of the teacher's existence rule in educational affairs, seek to evade their in the public schools of the city of New York. full educational obligations. The principle of The present situation in Chicago is essentially home rule is a sound one in all matters that the same, although the State safeguards, which concern local interests alone ; in its relation to it is now sought to remove, are of a widely dif- education, its legitimate sphere is strictly admin- ferent nature. ferent nature. In Illinois, these safeguards istrative, and it must not be permitted to hamper take the form, not of guaranteed minimum rates the declared policy of the commonwealth. of compensation for individuals, but of a guar- These considerations need particularly to be anteed minimum of the total appropriation for urged at the present time, because in the two the purposes of the Chicago schools. Under the largest cities of the country there are now in existing law, which is of many years' standing, progress powerfully supported movements to a fixed percentage of the tax levy must be applied make a most injurious application of the prin- to educational purposes. The amount realized ciple of home rule to school affairs. In both may go up or down with the annual assessment New York and Chicago, the attempt is being of taxable property, but the share is secured by made to withdraw from the city schools the law, and no part of it may be diverted to any fundamental safeguards which the State has other use. Without going into the details of a wisely established for the protection of public very complicated matter, we may say and it is education against the ignorance or caprice of sufficient for our present purpose of making the local politicians. In each case, the attempt is situation clear situation clear — that the city Board of Educa- - concealed in a plan for a new city charter, and tion has a right, for current educational expenses is likely to escape the attention it should receive (exclusive of the erection of school buildings) to from the public because of the multiplicity of five dollars for every four dollars that may be other matters with which it is associated. An applied to the other purposes of city government issue of the first importance is thus in danger from the annual tax levy. In order that this of being so befogged that serious mischief may ratio may be properly understood, we must add be done before the public becomes aware that that the city gets, from licenses and other sources mischief is designed. outside the tax levy, approximately four dollars The situation in New York City may be more in which the schools have no share. It briefly outlined. About ten years ago, a benefi- may enlarge its special revenues indefinitely by cent piece of legislation, known as the Davis various forms of indirect taxation, but it cannot law, was enacted at Albany. Its provisions intrench upon the educational fund. As a matter assured the teachers of the metropolis, for the of form, the City Council makes the educational first time in their history, of adequate compen- appropriation, which may be reduced if it wish, sation, secure tenure, and suitable allowances but since it cannot itself benefit by such a reduc- after retirement. It transformed as by magic tion, and since the full amount authorized by the whole educational situation, gave stability law is inadequate for the needs of the schools, to the teaching profession, improved its morale, this power of reduction is never exercised. and inaugurated a new era of efficiency. The Two years ago a new city charter was adopted unspeakable demoralization of the former sys- by the Illinois Legislature, but overwhelmingly tem of local control was done away with ; the rejected by a referendum vote. This charter unrest of the past became an old, unhappy, far- gave the City Council full control over the appor- off thing, and the members of the teaching force, tionment of funds, and placed the Board of Edu- no longer compelled to intrigue for retention cation completely at its mercy. This provision or deserved promotion, no longer uncertain of was one of the chief reasons for the defeat of what the coming year might bring forth for them the proposed instrument of municipal govern- out of the witch's cauldron of Tammany politics, ment, and yet, with amazing fatuity, a charter were free to devote themselves to the legitimate embodying the same vicious principle is now duties of their profession. The wisdom of the l again submitted to the Legislature and will very a 1909.] 249 THE DIAL likely again come before the voters. However CASUAL COMMENT. great its merits in other respects, such a charter must be resolutely opposed by all the friends of THE DISPARAGEMENT OF CURRENT LITERATURE, public education. To put the schools at the as compared with the literature of a more fortunate mercy of the City Council, to remove from them earlier time, seems to be as inevitable as teething the existing legislative safeguards respecting in children or rheumatism in old age. In looking their share of the tax levy, would be to deal back at the early and middle Victorian era, when them the severest blow conceivable. No col- Tennyson and Browning were beginning to be lateral benefits to other departments of the city firmament, we are not wont to consider it an age known, and many lesser lights spangled the literary government could outweigh or offset this evil . devoid of illumination. And yet, opening “ Jane There can be no doubt whatever as to how the Eyre,” which appeared in the autumn of 1847, we plan would work. The demands of the city The demands of the city find in the thirty-second chapter an almost tearfully government are insatiable, and the pressure regretful mention of the good old times. St. John exerted to enlarge the police force or the fire Rivers had just brought Jane a copy of “Marmion” a department, to increase the appropriations for "one of those genuine productions so often vouch- the cleaning and the paving of streets, all of safed to the fortunate public of those days -- the which things, and others, might so easily be golden age of modern literature,” comments the writer, and then continues: “ Alas! the readers of done at the expense of the schools, would prove irresistible. Every year would witness a relative our era are less favoured. But courage! I will not pause either to accuse or repine. I know poetry is shrinking of the school fund, and a consequent not dead, nor genius lost; nor has Mammon gained retardation of educational development. There power over either, to bind or slay: they will both has not been a single year of the last twenty in assert their existence, their presence, their liberty which the Council would not have done this very and strength again one day.” Curious indeed is it thing had it possessed the legal power, in which to observe how the same old mental attitudes, it has not cast longing eyes at the school revenue despair of the present, backward glances of mourn- lying so temptingly just beyond its reach. To Το ful regret at the past, and (though less invariably) give it, as the proposed charter contemplates, hope of better things to come, - are assumed by one this long-coveted power would be the extreme generation after another, with a naïve unconscious- ness that there is nothing novel and nothing excep- of unwisciom. tional in the situation. But of such old stories ever We think it necessary to sound this note of new is human experience composed. alarm because the matter has been intentionally obscured by the sponsors of the pending charter FRENCH LITERARY CRITICISM has long been re- legislation. They say a great deal about the garded by other nations as a model in its kind. Of importance of a unified administrative system more than local interest, therefore, is the series of and the consolidation of our local governments, four public lectures delivered in Cambridge, in con- and carefully refrain from explaining how radi- nection with his longer course to students, by Pro- cally their plan would affect the public schools. fessor Abel Lefranc, this year's Hyde lecturer at When the point is pressed upon them, they talk Harvard. In his opening address he touched upon airily of increased revenues in which all depart the three chief features of what he called the new ments would share, and affect injured surprise or historical method in literary criticism. First, it seeks to reconstruct the circumstances in which a at the suggestion that the schools might not be generously dealt with. But the bird which our work of literature was produced ; second, it studies sources and takes note of imitations; and “the third city education now has in the hand is worth sev- feature of the historical method is the search for real eral of the elusive songsters that may be imagined personal elements in the great writers. All works to lurk in the bush of the proposed charter. have been questioned as to their authors, and very Whatever happens, the friends of our school few of the works have been mute. Whether it be system must insist upon retaining the present d'Urfé, or Montaigne, or Rabelais, or Villon, or provision of a fixed fraction for school purposes, Ronsard, or Boileau, or the Abbé Prévost, some por- or, if this be not granted them, must reject, tion of the heart and soul has found a lodgement in regretfully but firmly, the entire measure which the work. This questioning of the works for confi. would otherwise prove their undoing. We have dences, for indiscretions, it may be, about their no fear of the outcome if this vital matter can authors, is only an expression of a taste and a pas- sion for truth. ... We are tending to isolate lit- be brought squarely before the public eye, but erature less and less from life and reality; as we we confess to no little fear lest the case go against connect them closer, and as we study literature more the schools by default of that alert interest in intelligently from this viewpoint, our literature grows their welfare which is now so imperatively needed. | in greatness in our eyes." in greatness in our eyes.” This “third feature 9 250 [April 16, THE DIAL might well have been treated as first and foremost. MENANDER ON A MODERN STAGE constituted an If we take from the works of an author that which event at Cambridge that was unique in the literal is distinctive and personal, how little of human sense of that much misused adjective. « The interest and real importance remains ! Epitrepontes,” the most considerable of the Men- ander fragments unearthed in Egypt four years ago A COUNTY'S GROWTH IN THE LOVE OF LITERATURE by M. Gustave Lefebvre, was successfully staged is remarkably illustrated by the literary awakening and acted last month by the Classical Club of Har- that has taken place within the last three years in vard. Perhaps one should not say "staged,” how- Multnomah County, Oregon. The Portland Library ever, for the play was presented in a private house Association (or public library, as it might better style with a truly Greek simplicity in the matter of itself) prints in its forty-fifth annual report some “ "properties” - with little, in fact, to hinder the - figures that reveal a hopeful state of affairs in that imagination from transferring the scene to the prim- far-off corner of our great Northwest. The Asso- itive classic theatre of twenty-two centuries ago. ciation, supported by city and county alike, supplies The comedy itself is, of course, one of domestic reading matter to the farmer and the merchant, to intrigue, and seeks to amuse by the sprightliness of the wood-hewer and the banker, without distinction the dialogue in which the rather hackneyed plot is of person. The librarian takes pleasure in announc- developed. Enough of the original remains — 532 ing that this county work has passed its experimental lines — to render the play intelligible and enjoyable; stage, and now " it is no longer a question of devising and the Greek department of the University was ways to advertise the Library or to make its books unsparing in its efforts to do the great comedy- attractive, but rather one of how to satisfy the clamor writer justice. A small chorus executed the ele- for more books. In 1905, the first year of county mentary dancing required, to the music composed work, the circulation of books was 3,955, in 1906 for flutes by the late Professor Allen on the occa- it grew to 13,358, in 1907 to 37,521, and in sion of a Terence performance some years ago, and 1908, still maintaining its rate of growth, it reached the ten actors acquitted themselves well. Plautus and 58,169.” Seven reading-rooms, fourteen deposit Terence are no strangers to the modern stage; but stations, and nine fire companies (the last item is a Menander, their master and model, is now revived little perplexing to a stranger) are scattered through- for the first time after his slumber of centuries. out the county. This rural activity, controlled by a central library, has interested us and others of late ; THE ACTIVITY OF THE ATLANTA LIBRARY, which, and it promises to produce excellent results in the by the way, is one of the numerous Carnegie libra- more thinly populated sections of the country. The ries that shed their blessings on the just and on the county library's usefulness in creating a demand for unjust alike throughout our favored land, is strik- books would seem to be not inferior to the service it ingly illustrated by a few facts gleaned from the renders in supplying that demand. librarian's tenth annual report. For example, the circulation has increased more rapidly in the last THE LITERATURE OF THE LINOTYPE, the machine twelve months than in any previous year, being whose general introduction fifteen years ago was 32,350 over that of 1907, and amounting to 164,600 momentous to the newspaper-printing industry, has increased in vogue within that comparatively short in all. A rent collection, to appease the clamor for period to an astonishing extent. In 1894, as we new fiction, was installed on the first day of June, learn from a late issue of “ Printers' Ink,” there was and 699 volumes had been bought at the close of the consumed in the newspaper trade of this country an year, at a cost of $585.54. These volumes circu- lated 11,273 times, and the rent fee (one cent a day) amount of paper weighing four hundred thousand exactly equalled in its total the amount spent in pur- tons, and only thirteen years later the figures had chasing the books - a triumph in the fine art of risen to thrice that annual tonnage. The daily news- making an institution exactly self-supporting, with papers increased from 1855 in number sixteen years 'neither surplus nor deficiency (unless this remark- ago to 2374 last year, with a considerable gain also able and beautiful coincidence is an error of the in weeklies. The discontinuing of the wetting pro- types). The year 1908 was the first year of a new cess preparatory to printing (we no longer dry our librarian, Miss Julia T. Rankin; and it is safe (as morning paper over the register) is another of the well as complimentary to her) to infer that no small mechanical improvements that marked the adoption of the labor-saving linotype, while methods and part of the library's increased usefulness is attribut- able to the energy and wisdom of the new adminis- ideals have undergone no less a transformation in tration. the editorial and administrative departments. Is it surprising, with all these acres of more or less irre- HONOR AMONG PUBLIC LIBRARY PATRONS ought sistibly attractive printed matter clamoring every to be a matter of course; they ought to respect one morning to be bought at prices ranging from a another's rights. The old phrase, “honor among quarter to half a cent per square yard, that the Amer- thieves,” implies this mutual consideration in a ican bookstore is not quite so conspicuous a feature much lower social stratum. Unregistered borrow- of the urban landscape as, for instance, the saloon, ings and law-forbidden mutilations are acts that the cigar shop, and the ice-cream establishment? sorely try the patience (to put it mildly) of a whole > 1909.] 251 THE DIAL community. In process of time, it may be hoped, one approves this foolish expenditure — except per- there will be developed so universal and deeply- haps the recipients of the money spent, and probably planted a sense of the entire unfitness of such out- not even these recipients in their lucid and honest rages on the public that no person, with a grain of moments. self-respect, will dream of violating the wholesome and necessary rules of the hospitably open free THE ACUMEN OF AN ENGLISH CRITIC displays itself to the reader's wonderment in a recent review library, any more than one would now dream of poisoning a public well or wantonly vitiating the of President Eliot's “University Administration.” The reviewer, whose article appears in one of the air of heaven. Encouraging in this connection is an announcement in the current report of the John foremost London literary weeklies, gravely discusses Crerar Library that whereas in 1907 twenty-one the book as if it were from the pen of a hitherto books were lost from the open shelves of its reading world, and one that it has been reserved to the unknown writer, a new light in the educational room, in 1908 only eight such losses were noted. Presumably, too, the use of the room was greater further instruction of that public the conjecture is reviewer to make known to the public; and for the in the latter year, and perhaps also the number of hazarded that Mr. Eliot is “presumably an Ameri- books exposed. Let us make the most of all such signs of increasing honor and enlightenment. can.” Verily, the Dutch have taken Holland. Had it but been possible for Dr. Eliot to gratify the desire of his fellow-countrymen by accepting the English A YOUTHFULLY ACTIVE VETERAN OF LETTERS, ambassadorship, our London reviewer might, by whom his many juniors and few contemporaries can- some lucky chance, have discovered that his conjec- not but behold with admiration, as well as respect, ture was correct. As it is, he is likely to go to his and whom we have before paid tribute to in these grave with no more definite knowledge of one columns, sets forth on the European tour, in his Charles W. Eliot than that he is "presumably an ninety-second year, apparently with all the zest and American." expectancy of a stripling, and with far more likeli- hood of turning his foreign experiences to good A STRENUOUS LIBRARIAN (for such there are account, both for himself and for the world at large. in the library-world) is lost to us in the death of Dr. Mr. John Bigelow departed for France last month James H. Canfield, for many years prominent in the to indulge once more his old and cultivated fondness educational and especially the college world, and for for “ doing Europe” or at least some small part the last ten years at the head of the Columbia Uni- of it. Whether, on his return, he will have some- versity Library. For robust vigor and personal thing new to tell us about Franklin in France, or force few librarians are to be compared with him. some other contribution to make to biography or Those who have ever seen him on the speakers' plat- history, will appear in the sequel. Not even the form or met him in personal intercourse will retain elder Cato, with his octogenarian zeal for new enter- this impression of abounding vitality. We remember prises - including the learning of Greek and the the applause of mirth and approval that greeted one (less laudable) instigation of the third Punic war of his utterances before a university graduating and not even Dr. Martineau, with his greatest liter class some years ago, when he assured the young ary work executed in his nineties, are more worthy hopefuls before him that if they wished to succeed of admiration and emulation from the youngsters of in life it must be quite as much by perspiration as seventy and under. by aspiration; and he mopped his steaming brow as A RUBBISH-HEAP OF READING MATTER that no the sun poured in on him that hot June afternoon. one has ever read or ever will read goes on piling It was he, by the way, who proposed, not long ago, itself up in Washington at a fearful rate. A com- a plan that might be called the syndicating of our mittee of investigation has found nine thousand five public libraries for their mutual benefit and the hundred tons of accumulated government publica- advantage of the public - a scheme that, not wholly tions stored away at a cost of thousands of dollars to our regret, still slumbers in the embryo. yearly for storage. A railway freight train loaded with these useless volumes would extend some three GEORGE HERBERT, AS ORIGINATOR miles in length. Is there another country in the FLETCHERISM, under another name, is doubtless less world that prints so many unspoken speeches and well-known than George Herbert the early seven- unimportant reports? It is significant that the terms teenth-century poet. According to Professor George of the recent pension bill allow the pension printing Herbert Palmer, a recognized authority in matters to be done by private contract, this being more concerning his great namesake, Herbert's “ Hygi- economical - less lavishly uneconomical, rather - asticon,” which in turn is the offspring of Luigi than government printing. Curious and deplorable | Comaro's “Trattato della Vita Sobria,” teaches the is it that while millions perish of hunger in India, principles of Fletcherism, three centuries before and other millions undergo intellectual starvation the Mr. Horace Fletcher's time. Yet it may very well world over, this free and enlightened country spends be that Mr. Fletcher had never read or even heard millions of dollars in printing and illustrating and of the “Hygiasticon” when he wrote his little book binding and storing books that nobody needs. No on the art of correct mastication; and the Harvard a THE OF 252 [April 16, THE DIAL а 7 professor's perhaps rather unkind disclosure of its Great Britain, for the British Empire, and for Europe. existence and its nature only illustrates anew an old He also secures, under the inconsistent provisions of the saw too familiar to call for repetition here. But American law, the right to distribute copies of his edi- whether we Herbertize or Fletcherize our daily tions throughout the United States, a right of which he bread, the hygienic effect will probably be the same. is naturally availing himself to an increasing extent from year to year. The American publisher, on the other hand, is entirely excluded from Great Britain and from Europe, and secures in his own market not the exclusive control, COMMUNICATIONS. which is the theory of copyright law, but simply the privilege of selling in competition with the English COPYRIGHT AND THE IMPORTATION publisher. PRIVILEGE. Such an operation of the law works injustice and, ne- (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) cessarily, discourages international publishing arrange- In the summary presented in the April 1 number of ments and joint publishing undertakings. It constitutes THE DIAL of the changes in the copyright law that will what might be called “boomerang" protection, — that go into effect under the new statute, the opinion is is to say, it is a specific advantage given by American expressed that the privilege of importing, irrespective law to a foreign competitor. of the permission of the owner of the copyright, copies The American publisher does not ask for any special of books which have secured copyright in the United privileges. He does ask, and he has a right to secure, States should not be restricted to libraries, associations, under any civilized system of copyright, the control of and individuals, as is the case under the new statute, but the property that he purchases and in which he is called should be extended also to booksellers. upon to make investment. The American reading pub- The provision as it now stands concedes practically to lic has, apart from the matter of doing justice to the all the citizens of the United States, excepting only American publisher, a direct interest in securing an booksellers, the privilege of being placed outside of the equitable and consistent copyright law. It is important ordinary and logical restrictions of copyright law. for the literary and higher educational interests of the If your view of the matter should have prevailed, or country, and for the requirements of American book- if, with any future reshaping of the law, such an exten- buyers, that the business of producing American editions sion might be brought into force, there might well be of books originating abroad, shall be encouraged. It is question as to the character or the value of the property also important for the same interests that the business that came into the hands of the publisher who made should be encouraged of bringing into publication inter- purchase, from the producer, of an American copyright. national series the contributions for which shall be The privilege of importing, irrespective of the per- secured from all parts of the world. The American mission of the owner of the copyright, foreign editions reader is entitled to the best that there is in the matter of books that have secured American copyright, is of of science or literature. This can be secured only if course entirely inconsistent with the principle and prac- the production of American editions of international tice of copyright law. In no country other than the series can be furthered. Under existing conditions, the United States has the attempt ever been made thus to publication of such series and of American editions of restrict and undermine the value of copyright property. transatlantic books is, of necessity, discouraged. In the United States, the several copyright statutes that 1 may give as an example the “Cambridge History had been in force prior to 1891 were consistent in this of English Literature.” The publishers are called upon matter of securing for the owner of the copyright, and to make in the production of the American edition of for his assign, the exclusive control of the book or other this work an investment that will amount to some thirty article copyrighted. thousand dollars. The work, from its compass and The provision in the existing law (which has been character, must depend for its chief demand upon copied into the new statute) under which the privilege libraries, or upon the wealthier of individual buyers, of importing such copyrighted books, irrespective of the those who are likely to have connections and accounts permission of the owner or of the assign, is accorded on the other side of the Atlantic. A large portion, practically to everybody who is not a bookseller, was and an increasing portion, however, of the American interpolated into the act of 1891 during the last hours demand for this set is being supplied, through London of the session. purchasing agents, with copies of the English issue. The law of 1891 had been the subject of discussion This is not because the English issue is more attractively for a period of five years. At no time during those printed, for the typography of the American volume discussions was any suggestion made that in conceding, is more satisfactory. The difference in price is but under reciprocity provisions, copyright to authors who trifling. The librarians, however, who have standing were citizens or residents of other states, those authors arrangements with purchasing agents in London, find it should not be placed in a position to transfer to their an inconvenience to instruct these agents to except from assign, the American publisher, the full control of a their shipments books which are being produced in copyrighted work. copyrighted American editions, while the purchasing Under present conditions, when an American pub- agent is, naturally, interested in making his shipments lisher divides with an English publisher a publication as large as possible. As a result of such standing in- originating in Great Britain, or a series of an interna- structions, it is frequently the case that the American tional character contributions for which are secured librarian purchases the English edition of a work at from all parts of the world, the English publisher a considerably higher price than he would pay for an obtains, under the British law and under the provisions American edition equally attractive in form, and often of the Berne Convention, the full control and advan- better suited for the needs of the American market. tage of the editions brought into print by himself, for It is, however, quite in order that in the cases in which 1909.] 253 THE DIAL a purchaser, whether a librarian or an individual buyer, fairer, divide the amount spent on salaries by the vol- prefers the transatlantic to the American edition, he umes circulated, and quote the result thus obtained as should be placed in the position to secure such trans- the cost. atlantic issue. Under the American law back of 1891, Both methods are plainly inaccurate. The first sys- there was no difficulty, and under the present English tem charges up as part of the cost of circulating a book statute, there is no difficulty, in importing, under the per- the upkeep of grounds, lecture courses, and reference mission of the owner of the copyright, copies of the trans- work; also the cost of the books themselves. When atlantic edition. Such an order can be placed either this last item is included the library that circulates tech- directly with the publisher controlling the copyright, or nical books that average between $3. and $4. each, with any intelligent bookseller, whose importation is makes an infinitely worse showing than the library that then made through the publisher. Such an arrange- circulates the “Duchess" books, which cost between 30 ment would meet your suggestion that a customer who and 40 cents each. The second method is faulty because may not have a transatlantic account should be placed a library's salary list includes the salaries of persons in a position to purchase, through a bookseller, a copy connected solely with regular reference work, attendants of the English issue, securing the same privilege that for the bulk of the books on stacks which are rarely is accorded to the individual who happens to possess circulated, and cataloguers and bibliographers. Again, an account in London. The only requirement made as it costs more to engage cataloguers who can catalogue under a consistent and equitable copyright law is that Incunabula than it does to hire those who can handle the importation must be made through the publisher to the “ Duchess,” the higher the class of books accumu- whom has been assigned the American copyright. lated by the library the worse its comparative showing. There is no little confusion in the mind of the public Or take the Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institu- generally, and of their representatives the legislators, tion. Printed analytical cards for the 1907 volume in regard to this matter of a consistent and equitable cost $1.16: the clerical labor in accessioning, preparing copyright, a copyright that shall carry out the expressed the book for the shelves and filing the cards would not purpose of copyright law, - the furthering of literary be less than 25 to 35 cents, so that the total cost of production. cataloguing such a book is nearly $1.50. Those who are interested in the work of bringing the Many libraries, too, when books that are called for United States in this matter of copyright into line with are out, reserve them, and send postal notices when they the other civilized states of the world, are naturally are returned, without charge. Each such case adds one anxious that the influence of a journal like The DIAL cent to the cost of circulation, in addition to necessary should not be given to furthering a confused under- clerical work. standing of the nature of copyright or of the actual work- A branch library in Philadelphia, of which I had ing of copyright law with reference to the interests not charge, circulated over 300,000 volumes at a cost, if only of authors and of publishers, but of the book-buying figured by the first method, of about four and one-half community. cents. That was remarkably low, but the cost of As an appendix to this communication I quote an administration in a branch library is always proportion- opinion that has come to me from Mr. L. E. Scaife, one ally lower than that in a regular library. This library of the leaders of the Suffolk Bar (Boston) in regard to last year circulated over 150,000 volumes, and as its the right on the part of the owner of a copyright, or of total expenses were less than $7,200 the cost per vol- an assign, under the English and American statutes, to ume circulated, figured by the first method, was about control the matter of importations of the copyrighted four cents. But last year was its first year of opera- article. tion, and in addition to its reference work not being "Since the year 1710, nobody but the owner of the English fully developed, repairs to plant, bindery bills and copyright of book has had the right to import into England replacements were lower than they can ever be in the such copyrighted book without the written consent of such future. As increased reading and research work is owner; and from 1790 down to the passage of the United States done in the building the cost of operating the library as Statute, of 1891, nobody but the owner of the United States Copy- compared with the number of volumes circulated will right of a book had the right to import into the United States increase and we are looking forward to such develop- such copyrighted book without the consent of the owner. The ment. United States law concerning importation was so clearly adapted from the English statute of 1710 that the English decisions have One word more. A Children's Room over which 1 of necessity been given great weight in the American courts. . . had charge at one time had but 2,500 volumes, yet it The provisions of the act of March 3rd, 1891, ought to be inter- circulated annually over 60,000 volumes, a turnover preted in connection with the entire history of the copyright law circulation of 24. On no day throughout the year were there more than 800 volumes in the library at one time, GEO. HAVEN PUTNAM. so that there was little shelving to keep in shape, while New York, April 6, 1909. the room itself was small, with but three tables. The cost of administration was so low that it probably was THE COST OF CIRCULATING A LIBRARY BOOK. a record breaker, but it should not be quoted, because (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) neither sufficient books nor adequate facilities were pro- The extent of THE DIAL's circle of readers would vided for the children. seem to justify some comment on your recent remarks, Does it not seem that the discussion of circulation even assuming that they were “writ sarcastic," on the costs, as at present figured, is really not only useless, cost of circulating a library book. but likely to do much harm to libraries that are endeav- Whereas it would undoubtedly be possible to obtain oring to put more useful and therefore more expensive the actual cost, I know of no library in which it is done. books in the hands of their readers? For the most part, critics divide the total expenditures 0. R. HOWARD THOMSON by the number of volumes circulated, and quote the The James V. Brown Library, result as the cost per book. Some, endeavoring to be Williamsport, Pa., April 1, 1909. - of the world.” 254 [April 16, THE DIAL > a a The New Books. country and to breathe its atmosphere, one must not constantly carry one's home with one, and hug the pleasing notion of American superiority CHINESE WOMEN AND CHINESE WAYS.* to all other nations. She descended from her Little by little, through the letters and diaries imaginary height “ with the determination to of missionaries and travellers, the western world seek with open eyes and a willing heart," and is becoming better acquainted with that vast found herself amply rewarded. An autumn out- domain of the mysterious, the unexpected, the ing that took the form of a visit to the Great bewildering, and the anomalous, the Chinese Wall gives occasion for the following cheerful Empire. But it will be long ere the mammoth observations : puzzle is so completely solved as to lose its charm “ Such a happy ride! On our way we saw many hun- for lovers of the novel, the curious, and the dreds of fine camels; these camels rest during the day and travel with their packs at night. The prosperity baffling. Mrs. Conger, widow of our late Min- of the country was shown by the fine flocks of sheep, in ister to the Court of Peking, writes her“ Letters the hundreds of mules laden with wool, hides, tea, fruits, from China” with all the zest, all the fresh grain, fodder, cotton, and other commodities. We met curiosity, of an intelligent and observant woman pack-cattle from Mongolia with red-faced Mongol drivers. We also met a number of mule litters, a few visiting new and, in some instances, startling carts drawn by mules, and many men riding on don- scenes for the first time. The character of her keys. All were bent on business, and we were forcibly book, and its claims upon our serious attention, impressed with the fact that the Chinese do not seek may be indicated by a few explanatory sentences their pleasure in travel. This well-kept road is a direct from her “ Foreword." pass over the mountains from Peking to Mongolia and Russia.” “ From my entrance into China, on through seven years, I worked with a fixed purpose to gain clearer An event of considerable importance is chron- ideas. To avoid all formalities and to simplify the icled in an early page. Mrs. Conger formed one recording of events, I have chosen, and here present, of a party of foreign ministers' wives who were some of my private letters written to our daughter, the first women from the outer world to visit sisters, nieces, and nephews. In these letters many heart- stories are told. May each letter carry a ray of light the imperial court and to be received by the into the hearts of its readers, and reveal a little of the imperial majesties. December 13, 1898, was real character of the Chinese as it has been revealed to the epochal date of this sublime function, and me. Our experiences in China were unique and extreme the account of it, too long to reproduce here, in many ways. Through the smaller and larger avenues of the almost iron-clad customs of China I was permitted is worthy of the occasion. Concerning the to pass and to enter places where I beheld many won- Empress Dowager herself, the centre of interest derful things. That others may look upon a modified throughout the gorgeous pageant, we read : panorama of these views and help to correct the wide- “ She was bright and happy and her face glowed spread and erroneous ideas about China and her people, with good will. There was no trace of cruelty to be I present this letter compilation." In simple expressions she welcomed us, and her It is but natural that the women of China, actions were full of freedom and warmth. Her Majesty and especially the most conspicuous woman of arose and wished us well. She extended both hands her time, the late Empress Dowager, should toward each lady, then, touching herself, said with much have most interested this American sojourner. enthusiastic earnestness, One family; all one family.'” “The many conversations awarded me with Her Upon the death of this masterful woman a Majesty," writes Mrs. Conger, “ revealed much few months ago, Mrs. Conger wrote an appre- of the concealed force and value of China's ciation of her character, and from this obituary women. Ignorance of these qualities has brought eulogy, which is printed as an “ Afterword” a pronounced misrepresentation of China's to her narrative, a few sentences may here be womanhood.” quoted. They are of value as coming from Early in 1898 Mr. Conger was called upon to one who was admitted to “ an acquaintance that transfer his diplomatic services from Brazil to grew into friendship.” the far East, and in the summer of that year “Her Majesty's keen perception knew the nations, we find his wife writing her first impressions of and she often spoke to me with deep appreciation of America's attitude toward China. . . . For forty-seven things Asiatic from the American Legation at years this able woman has stood at the head of the Peking. She had learned from her Brazilian Chinese Empire, and strong men have given their sup- experience that, to learn to understand a foreign port. In a land where woman has had so little official standing, Her Majesty's achievements make her ability * LETTERS FROM CAINA. With Particular Reference to the and strength more pronounced; and China, surely, must Empress Dowager and the Women of China. By Sarah Pike Conger (Mrs. E. H. Conger). With eighty illustrations from be jealous for this reign in the sight of other nations photographs, and a map. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co. Through this woman's life the world catches : seen. > a 1909.] 255 THE DIAL > 6 glimpse of the hidden quality of China's womanhood. spoke no English and I no Russian, but we both under- It savors of a quality that might benefit that of the stood the language of the situation. Other people rallied Western World." about us, and we soon stepped aside. Our work was In one of her earlier letters Mrs. Conger says finished. This scholarly Chinese was of the American that “ the honor of woman is her child-bearing, Legation's staff helpers. As rank is so respected in China, and as the Chinese do not wish to degrade the and the more boys the greater the honor. The ranks, this man, from his point of view, could not fill better classes of Chinese women never see for- sand bags. Mr. Conger talked with him, saying, “ Your eign men and seldom meet men of their own life as well as ours is to be protected here, and you must people. I am told that they do not labor; a do your part or we cannot feed you. The man was in noble life-work is done if they bear even one hiding three days. As our coming troops did not come, and he was near to starvation, he came to the front, or two children.” As to those who do labor, willing to do what he could.” the servants of both sexes, she has much to say, Still more vividly is the peril depicted in an chiefly commendatory. earlier passage, from which a brief extract “I never knew such wonderful servants in my life; solicits space for insertion. they are quiet, gentle, kind, and willing. Each knows his own work and does it. The Chinese are quiet “ This morning three quarts of bullets were picked and accurate in their methods. They handle large up that the enemy had fired into the American Legation. columns of figures, make delicate calculations, and no They are to be melted and made into balls for the big amount of confusion or jostling disturbs them; they gun belonging to the Italians. All the temple candle- work calmly on and seldom make mistakes. In Japan sticks, vases, images, in fact everything that can be and in the foreign concessions I noticed that the banks melted, have been gathered and moulded into ammuni- employ the Chinese for their most important detail tion. . . . A large iron ball just fell below our window, but it did no harm. The ball is still warm. Another, work. When in one of the large banks, I asked why the at least six inches in diameter, went whizzing through Chinese were employed in these responsible positions. the walls of the British Minister's dining-room. For- The reply was: “The three principal reasons are that they are honest, self-possessed, and accurate. They tunately it passed near the ceiling, so it did no damage move so quietly that we are astonished at what they aside from knocking off a corner of the frame of Queen accomplish."" Victoria's portrait. The Chinese are firing their big guns by far too much for our comfort.” The Boxer disturbances, falling within the period of Mr. and Mrs. Conger's residence in Among the now somewhat numerous pub- lished diaries and letters and reminiscences of Peking, afforded material for many anxious diplomats' wives — which have a way of being entries in the diary kept by the wife during much more agreeable and sprightly reading than that trying time, when communication with the outside world was almost entirely suspended and their husbands' official despatches - Mrs. Con- the long days of harrowing suspense dragged ger’s volume is worthy of a high place. In range of observation and in fluency of descriptive slowly by. For weeks every entry in this diary narration she is not unlike Madame Waddington, must have been made with little expectation that also an American by birth and breeding. The it would be followed by another. The wonder is that the writer, distracted by so many other photographic illustrations of persons and places claims on her time and attention, and with an are generous in number and excellent in work- intermittent hail of bullets and cannon-balls manship, and combine well with the handsome style of the book and its large, clear type to dealing death on every side, could have com- manded sufficient composure to carry on her make it a very attractive volume. PERCY F. BICKNELL. journal of horrors. But the besieged, even those of the weaker sex, have done this before, as at Lucknow, at Ladysmith, and at many another place stormed at by shot and shell and THE RIGHT ARM OF THE CONFEDERACY.* in momentary expectation of the worst. After Dr. White's volume on Stonewall Jackson is the concentration of the foreign ministerial per- one of the “ American Crisis Biographies,” in sonages and their servants, dependants, and which Bruce's life of Robert E. Lee has already military forces within the fortified enclosure of the British Legation, Mrs. Conger recorded, Conger recorded, appeared ; these being the only two Confederate when the agony was at its height, the following generals included in the series. The present volume follows the bad practice of omitting the incident: “ The other day I said to a scholarly Chinese, · Will date of publication from the title-page — a fault you help to fill these sand bags?' He replied, “I am that is continued in the bibliography, which fails no coolie.' Then I in turn said, • I am no coolie either, to give the date of publication, as well as the name but we must all work here and now. I will hold the bag * STONEWALL JACKSON. By Henry Alexander White, A.M., and you come and shovel the sand.' I took a bag and American Crisis Biographies.” Philadelphia: George a Russian-Greek priest stepped forward and filled it. He 6 Ph.D. W. Jacobs & Co. 256 [April 16, THE DIAL 7 of the publisher, of books to which reference is said : “ The time may come when your State made. The bibliography is fairly complete, but will need your services; and if that time does although giving Colonel William Allan's “ Jack- come, then draw your swords and throw away “ son's Valley Campaign” (1880), it omits his the scabbards.” This tersely shows the spirit “ Army of Northern Virginia in 1862" (1892), of the man ; and it is credibly stated that later the best work that has been published on this in the war he was in favor of raising the black campaign, Colonel Henderson's excellent life of flag. Whatever he did, he believed in doing Jackson not excepted; it also omits Hotchkiss thoroughly. He accepted, with General Sher- ; and Allan's book on Chancellorsville (1867), the man, the dictum that “War is hell," and was first complete account of this notable battle that ready to act upon it. . was published after the war. Whoever compiled Dr. White has given a succinct and well- the index to Dr. White's book has been guilty selected account of the chief events in General of the error of confusing the references to two Jackson's life, and has written a book that will officers, General Richard B. Garnett, command- serve as a good résumé of his military career. ing the “ Stonewall Brigade" in the battle of We should have liked a fuller criticism of his Kernstown, and Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas S. generalship; but that want has been already Garnett, 48th Virginia regiment, commanding well supplied in Colonel Henderson's book, to the second brigade of Jackson's division at the which we have referred. His military talents battle of Cedar Mountain. The last two refer- were not appreciated until after his Valley cam- ences (pp. 241, 242) are to the latter, whose paign, which was, indeed, the first occasion on name is omitted in the index. which he had an opportunity to display them. Dr. White's book gives us the usual accounts While in command at Harper's Ferry, in of General Jackson's early life, his career at 1861, Jackson formed the First Brigade of the , West Point, in Mexico, and at the Virginia Army of the Shenandoah, composed of the 2d, Military Institute to the spring of 1861. In 4th, 5th, 27th, and 33d Virginia regiments, and this portion of his work the author draws upon the Rockbridge Artillery, which last had been the Rev. Dr. Dabney's “Life and Campaigns of organized at Lexington, Virginia, and was com- General Jackson ” and Mrs. Jackson's “Life manded by the Rev. Dr. William N. Pendleton, and Letters," both excellent authorities, and rector of the Episcopal Church in Lexington and the latter a vivid portraiture of his domestic a graduate of West Point. When General life. He shows us how conscientious and delib- Joseph E. Johnston was placed in command at erate were Jackson's position and actions in Harper's Ferry, Colonel Jackson was assigned the Civil War. With respect to the questions to the command of the First Brigade, and was agitating the country at the outbreak of the soon promoted to the rank of brigadier-general, war, Dr. White says truly : “ His judgment receiving his commission at Winchester, July 3, and his sympathies were in full accord with the 1861. The name of “ Stonewall ” was due to an views that prevailed among the people of the exclamation made by General Bee, when rally- South with reference to political and social ing his own brigade at Manassas (Bull Run) on affairs.” Dr. White also makes clear the fact July 21 of that year. The phraseology is given that Jackson “ was always a friend and bene- differently by different writers, but that given factor to the colored man, as was shown by his by Dr. White will answer as well as any other : teaching in and contributing to the support of “ Look! There is Jackson standing like a stone a colored Sunday-school in Lexington. " He wall! Rally behind the Virginians!” (pp. 87–8). believed, however, says his wife, that the Bible There is no question that Jackson's charge taught that slavery was sanctioned by the at the opportune moment gained the day at Creator Himself . . for ends which it was Manassas. He was always in favor of a charge, not his business to determine.' He believed, and of “ giving them the bayonet.” too, that “the South ought to resist aggression, On the occasion of this memorable battle, the if necessary by the sword,” and that any of the Rockbridge Artillery - to which body the writer States had the right to secede from the Union. of the present article belonged—had been firing Therefore, when Virginia chose to exercise that for about two and a half hours, chiefly at Griffin's right, he was found in thorough accord with and Ricketts's batteries near the Henry house, all her people except some dwelling in West Jackson's brigade meanwhile lying down in the Virginia. In a short speech to his student woods in the rear, - when the artillery was cadets, on the occasion of raising the Virginia suddenly ordered off the field, much to their flag at the Military Institute at Lexington, he surprise. As soon as they had cleared the >> a 6 1909.) 257 THE DIAL the war- ground, the infantry were ordered to rise and an opportunity to attack the next day, which charge; and as the other troops did the same, he did not take, General Lee retired across the and Early's and Kirby Smith's brigades came Potomac. A little later McClellan was suc- in on the left, the enemy were soon put to flight ceeded by Burnside, whose bloody attack and , and did not stop before reaching Centreville. repulse at Fredericksburg soon followed. Then, It is the writer's belief that our victorious troops in May, with Hooker in command of the , should have pressed on to Washington, as Northern army, Jackson performed his brilliant General Jackson wished, supplies or no supplies, feat of marching around and surprising the and there seems little reason to doubt that we Union right, effecting again a Confederate vic could have reached the Federal capital. tory, which was clouded by the loss of his own life The limits of this article will not permit even from wounds received from some of his men while an outline of General Jackson's full career. It venturing on a personal reconnoissance beyond will be found well stated in Dr. White's book. his lines in the dark. It is hardly too much to For the early portion of it, the reader is directed say that in that dire mishap perished the hopes especially to Colonel Allan's “ Jackson's Valley of the Confederacy. How great, how irrepar- Campaign,” for it was this campaign that called able, was that loss was shown only a few weeks attention to Jackson's military abilities, and it later at the battle of Gettysburg, which has affords material for a special study in military been rightly regarded as the turning-point of strategy. His main object was to prevent the With Jackson's genius in strategy reinforcement of McClellan near Richmond ; and and power in action added to the strength of the in this he succeeded to his complete satisfac-Confederates, who can say how different might tion. After routing Milroy and Schenck at have been the issue of that great battle, and McDowell, Jackson hastened back to the Valley even of the war? JAMES M. GARNETT. and there overthrew Banks. Then, escaping “ by the skin of his teeth ” between Frèmont and Shields, he routed them both on successive TAE ÆSTHETIC VALUE OF ASIAN ART.* days, so that one retreated to Strasburg and the other to Front Royal. After a short breathing- Disillusionment is not always desirable. The space, Jackson hurried to Richmond and aided delectable domain of the imagination affords a General Lee, forcing McClellan's army back to welcome retreat from the wear and tear of the Harrison's Landing on the James River — the work-day world. - work-day world. But it is a land wherein the so-called “change of base." 80 There was a verities are not physical ; and in contemplating change of base,” but the prevailing cause of the sober facts of the universe there is gain, not it was the defeat of Porter's corps at Gaines's loss, in being able to see them as they really are. Mill, June 27, caused by Jackson's well-timed This is peculiarly true as regards the finer attack on the Confederate left. While Jackson achievements of Oriental art. One by one, failed to accomplish what Lee had wished at Western misconceptions of the East have given White Oak Swamp, and the army failed at way before the tide of advancing knowledge. Malvern Hill by reason of its irregular and No longer do we speak of that part of the world disjointed attacks on that formidable position, as “ gorgeous,” “ magnificent,” or “unchang- the general result was the relief of Richmond ing." These phrases belong to a day when and the withdrawal of McClellan's army to nearly the whole sum of available information Alexandria. The battle of Cedar Mountain was supplied by such books as “The Arabian and the defeat of Banks's troops on that field Nights” and “The Travels of Marco Polo,” were but an episode in Pope's campaign. His and found its echo in poems like Coleridge's turn came at Manassas, from which his “ grand “ Kubla Khan,” and in the paintings of Dela- army” took refuge in the fortifications around croix and other artists of the Romantic school. Washington. Jackson's corps withstood Pope Testifying to the existence of the opulent splen- at Manassas until Longstreet arrived and made dor that inspired these works were the marvel- his attack on the right, which lack of daylight lously beautiful carpets and other fabrics that alone prevented from being a complete success. for hundreds of years have found their way to A few weeks later the battle of Sharpsburg Europe through the bazaars of Constantinople, (Antietam) followed, a battle of one to two and a the decorated pottery from Persia, the inlaid half — 35,000 to 87,000 — and rightly charac- * PAINTING IN THE FAR East. An Introduction to the History terized as “the best-fought battle of the war the Confederate side. After giving McClellan 66 > > on of Pictorial Art in Asia, especially China and Japan. By Laurence Binyon. Illustrated. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co. -258 [April 16, THE DIAL a arms and armor, and the precious stones mended. By those who have passed beyond brought from India by the early traders and the stage of art appreciation where that all too soldiers who visited that far-away land. Then common heresy is tenable, his words will be came the glowing accounts of visitors to China read with keen satisfaction. and Japan, and the lovely porcelains, the rich With Hsieh Ho, the Chinese artist and critic silks, the charming lacquer, brought from these of the sixth century, whose theory of æsthetic countries. What wonder that these things should principles formulated in his “ Six Canons " is give rise to visions of abounding wealth and à classic unanimously accepted by posterity, luxury? Mr. Binyon rightly holds that rhythm, organic Gradually we have learned that the people of structure, and harmony are the paramount the East are not rich but poor; that the sensu- qualities in all works of art. Only as we grasp ous magnificence was never widespread, but this concept are the higher beauties revealed to chiefly found in the trappings of a few Moham- us, and their spiritual meanings made visible. medan princes. We have learned, too, that the Only through it are our eyes opened to the full influence of Mohammedanism upon the creative significance of the truth that art consists in the arts has been blighting through the restrictions welding of forms, hues, and tones into synthetic it has imposed. We have studied the decorative and organic unity, and that its vital essence is arts of India, Persia, China, and Japan, and not imitative but creative. With deep insight have found them rich in suggestion and full Mr. Binyon writes : of lessons for our artists and art lovers; we have “In this theory every work of art is thought of as an even, in the color prints of Japan, caught a incarnation of the genius of rhythm, manifesting the glimpse of the pictorial art of the East at the living spirit of things with a clearer beauty and intenser power than the gross impediments of complex matter point where it most nearly approaches that of allow to be transmitted to our senses in the visible world the West. What in any general sense we have around us. A picture is conceived as a sort of appari- not yet apprehended is that back of all these tion from a more real world of essential life.” manifestations there is a central tradition of Alone among all the great art movements in Asian painting, based upon a coherent, clearly- the world's history, Asian painting has followed visioned, and completely thought-out funda- unswervingly the guidance of this concept. Even mental metaphysic; that in its essence it is an the noble art of ancient Greece fell from its high art of form rather than of color, an art domi- estate into the slough of realism for realism's nated by poetical ideas, distinguished by extreme sake. But in the Far East, throughout all the simplicity, exquisite refinement, and rigorous changes in style caused by the coming into vogue adhesion to æsthetic principles, and requiring of novel phases or manners of representation,- for its expression a masterly technique. changes as numerous and varied as similar This art forms the theme of Mr. Laurence fashions and styles evolved in the course of cen- Binyon's “ Painting in the Far East.” His turies in the several countries of Europe, the book is a notable one, comprehensive in its out- central tradition has never been lost sight of or look, clear in its statements, and irrefragable in departed from, until within very recent years its philosophy. Realizing that the criteria by through a baleful influx of Western ideas. The which the art of the East should be judged are consequence is -- or rather was, for the pale not other than those we should apply to the art reflection that survives cannot be said to be of the West, he has approached his subject more than half alive - an art absolutely self- with an open mind, and has not been led astray contained, homogeneous, consistent, and, in its by either the strangeness of the conventions higher reaches, of tenuous but nevertheless employed or by differences in the things repre- entrancing purity. As aptly expressed by Mr. sented. These criteria are set forth with admir- | Binyon: able clarity in a remarkable opening chapter on “ Who shall say of such an art that it is not mature, “ The Art of the East and the West,” which as still less that it is impotent to express ideas? In its coherence and its concentration, in its resolute hold on an exposition of basic principles could hardly be the idea of organic beauty, this tradition, so old in the surpassed. To those who are imbued with the East, manifests the character of an art that has reached notion “absorbed from an age of triumphant complete development.” science,” as Mr. Binyon puts it, that the test of It is not strange that this art should as yet artistic merit is in fidelity to an external objec- be little understood or appreciated in Western tive standard, having the utmost attainable lands, except by a small group of enthusiasts. . realism as its shibboleth, his telling phrases and Opportunities for seeing and studying fine works forceful arguments may be especially com- are extremely limited. Though a considerable - be 1909.] 259 THE DIAL - number of paintings bearing the names of, or monumental “ Descriptive and Historical Cata- confidently attributed to, illustrious Chinese and logue of Japanese and Chinese Paintings in the Japanese artists, have found a market in Europe British Museum ” was issued, and in the same and America, many of them — in fact a very year, also, his “Pictorial Arts of Japan," a large percentage — are spurious or of doubtful are spurious or of doubtful sumptuous folio containing many elaborate repro- authenticity. Besides the forgeries, there are ductions of paintings. But the largest supply ancient copies, some of them extremely clever, of material for study has been yielded by the and works by lesser men with the signatures Japanese magazine called “Kokka,” now in its erased and others substituted. Even the for- twentieth year, and by the splendid reproduc- eign dweller in the East may pass a decade there tions in “ Select Relics of Japanese Art,” pub- without getting a glimpse of a painting of the lished in Tokyo and edited, with text in Japanese first rank. The owners of important works and English, by Mr. S. Tajima. Various minor keep them carefully packed away in fire-proof sources of information might also be enumerated ; storehouses, and though they are occasionally and in this country the illuminating lectures of brought forth and exhibited to a chosen few, it the late Professor Ernest F. Fenollosa brought is rarely indeed that a Western barbarian is a precious fund of first-hand knowledge within included among those deemed worthy of the reach of those so situated that they could attend honor of seeing them. Why should such trea- them. sures be shown to those whose judgment in Aside from these lectures there has hitherto matters of art is hopelessly warped through the been no presentation of a broad view over the importation of scientific views ? This attitude entire field of Asian painting, following its of mind is well illustrated by an incident that development not only in China and Japan, but, occurred during the Columbian Exposition. so far as material exists, in Thibet, Persia, and One of the Japanese Commissioners brought other countries. Such a view is now furnished with him when he came to Chicago a highly by Mr. Binyon's book. It is, as he says in the valued painting by one of the old masters. preface, “ an attempt to survey the achievement Showing it one day to a gentleman who was and to interpret the aims of Oriental painting, able to appreciate its full worth, he was asked and to appreciate it from the standpoint of a why he did not hang it up where others might European in relation to the rest of the world's have a chance to enjoy its beauty. Note the art." In this he has succeeded well, remark- reply: “I could not bear to see people pass it ably well, considering that his knowledge has by without pausing to admire.” When feeling been gained in the course of his official duties is so intense as that indicated by these words, it as keeper of the Chinese and Japanese paint- is easy to understand how deep a wound may be ings and prints in the British Museum, and that inflicted by a flippant remark, or even by well- he has not been able to visit China and Japan, intentioned but ignorant and inept comment. nor even to see the masterpieces of Oriental From such suffering the Oriental saves himself painting in the Boston Museum and in the mag- by not casting his pearls where Circe's herd nificent collection formed by Mr. Charles L. may come. Freer of Detroit. With wider opportunities it For those in Europe and America who have is possible that he would feel called upon to cared to look into the merit of Asian painting modify his conceptions of the work of particular the collections in the Boston Museum of Fine artists, but the general historic outline and state- Arts and the British Museum, and works pass- ment of guiding principles are all that could be ing through the hands of dealers, have afforded desired. While future research may add ma- the chief opportunities. Besides these, paintings terially to our knowledge, it does not seem prob- in private collections have furnished further able that there will be occasion to alter widely sources to the few having access to them. Some the main lines as here laid down. information has been available from books, for In one respect, and one only, the book is the most part publications that are costly or not disappointing. A few minor blemishes, such as readily obtainable. The first glimpse of the sub- the retention of a form of spelling of Japanese ject was given by Dr. William Anderson in an names which does not correctly transliterate essay read before the Asiatic Society of Japan them, and which is now abandoned by Japanese and printed in its Transactions in 1879. Next, scholars—more particularly the use of the silent - in 1883, came the very inadequate chapter on y before the vowel e, - may be passed over painting in Louis Gonse's elaborate “L'Art without further mention. But the illustrations, Japonais.” Three Three years later Dr. Anderson's though they include some exceptionally splendid 260 [April 16, THE DIAL : a and impressive works, fall far short, on the century ago), no English historian of any repute whole, of being either adequate or fairly repre- has shown the least hostility either toward the sentative. Indeed it is not impossible that Maid or toward her work. It is agreed on all for some readers they may have the effect of sides that when the awakened French patriotism controverting the author's cogent words, since of the fifteenth century hurled the British inva- pictures are likely to be more convincing than sion back across the Channel, it saved England anything that can be said about them, more from embarrassments and perils that might have especially when their unfamiliar character makes proved serious difficulties in the future. it difficult to allow for the inevitable loss in But the Maid of France is more than a great reproduction by a mechanical process. At its figure in history: she is a mysterious problem best the collotype yields a lifeless result; and in psychology, and as such has begun to interest when it is employed to reproduce ancient paint the modern scientist. Out of this new interest ings of which good photographs cannot be made, a bitter quarrel has developed, for the results of the feeble travesty that ensues is absolutely this scientific study have not been wholly in the meaningless. It is fair to state that the choice Maid's favor. was governed in this instance by the necessity “She is represented as a martyr, a heroine, a puzzle- of keeping the cost within reasonable limits. headed hallucinated lass, a perplexed wanderer in a Mr. Binyon's book is worthy of more fitting priests, herself once doubtfully honest, apt to tell great realm of dreams, the unconscious tool of fraudulent illustration. Should another edition be called palpable myths to her own glorification, never a leader in for it is hoped that such illustrations as are given war, but only a kind of mascotte, a “ little saint,” and a will be of authenticated masterpieces, upon a beguine in breeches." scale and by a process that will reveal something And now comes Mr. Andrew Lang, the of their qualities. Those in the present volume poet-philosopher of Scotland, who is also both help the reader but little to realize the truth so an historian and a scientist, with a book in well expressed in the sentences with which the defence of the remarkable Maid. That such a book closes : work of apology should come from Scotland “If we look back over the whole course of that great seems exceedingly appropriate ; for the Scots, Asian tradition of painting which we have been follow- the author tells us, " did not buy or sell, or try, , ing through the centuries, the art impresses us as a whole by its cohesion, solidarity, order, and harmony. or condemn, or persecute, or burn, or — most But these qualities are not truly perceived till we know shameful of all - bear witness against and something of the life out of which it flowered. We then desert the Maid. The Scots stood for her see that paintings which in themselves seem slight, light, always, with pen as with sword.” Mr. Lang's and wayward are not mere individual caprices, but answer to the common thoughts of men, symbolize some defence, however, is not a barrister's plea, but a spiritual desire, have behind them the power of some thorough, sympathetic study of Jeanne's career, cherished and heart-refreshing ideal, and are supported the results of which disprove all the assertions by links of infinite association with poetry, with religion, of the hostile critics. yet also with the lives of humble men and women. We Biography is frequently dull reading. The shall study this art in vain if we are not moved to think more clearly, to feel more profoundly; to realize in the author's sense of duty too often leads him to unity of all art, the unity of life.” include trivial matters with the really important FREDERICK W. GOOKIN. ones, and the result is an inartistic product. But in the present case no such criticism applies. Mr. Lang's book is a work of great interest; every page is alive with the zeal and the energy THE MAID OF FRANCE.* of the brilliant biographer. Critics may not It would seem that there can be at present no always approve of Mr. Lang's literary methods, great need for either a biography or a defence but they rarely accuse him of being dull. It of Jeanne d'Arc. Her story is well known; might be said with truth that the present study her achievements are admitted, and her place in does not display the calm judicious temper that history is secure; the Church has placed her the historian ought to possess. Indeed, the author only a little lower than the saints. There was seems inclined toward Herr Treitschke's belief a time when the verdict of history was not so that history should be written in anger. In favorable ; but, so far as England is concerned, speaking of the trial of the Maid at Rouen, he that time has long been past. Since the days characterizes the leading judges and assessors in of Dr. Lingard (and Lingard wrote nearly a the following terms : * THE MAID OF FRANCE. By Andrew Lang. With portraits. “ De la Fontaine, Le Maitre, Midi, and Feuillet were New York: Longmans, Green, & Co. the examiners who sought their own damnation on this - a 1909.] 261 THE DIAL day. Who are we that we should judge them, crea- thoughts which finally became so definite and so tures as they were, full of terror, of superstition, and real as to lead her to think that they came from of hatred; with brows of brass and brains of lead; scien- the outside is also rather unsatisfactory. How tific, too, as the men of their time reckoned science.” This is not in the style of the doctor's disserta- did the young illiterate peasant girl in distant Lorraine come to have such remarkable uncon- tion, but it is far more effective ; and, from a writer who is a member of so many literary information? And what shall we say of her scious thoughts? Whence did she obtain her guilds, we cannot expect a dispassionate treat- foreknowledge of events ? For we have evidence ment throughout, especially when the theme is so dramatic as is the life and death of Jeanne knowledge. She predicted in April, 1429, that that in a few instances she possessed prophetic d'Arc. she would be wounded by an arrow, but not No doubt the parts of Mr. Lang's work that fatally; she was actually wounded on May 7. will attract the most attention are his discussions She also had foreknowledge of her capture; but and analyses of the various problems that make this for obvious reasons she kept secret. up such a large part of the Maid's history. Some Mr. Lang also discusses the question of the of these are satisfactorily treated; but a suffi- Maid's military abilities. His reply to the cient number remain unsolved to call forth many critics who deny that Jeanne was more than an future studies. In a review it is, of course, influence for patriotism is a summary of her impossible to follow out the author's arguments ; military record. the leading conclusions alone can be stated. “ A girl understood, and a girl employed (so profes- First and greatest of the problems is that sional students of strategy and tactics declare), the of the 6 voices" and the visions. These matters essential ideas of the military art; namely, to concen- are discussed in various sections of the narrative, trate quickly, to strike swiftly, to strike hard, to strike and are also made the subject of an appendix. at vital points, and, despising vain noisy skirmishes and valiances,' to fight with invincible tenacity of purpose. Nobody now asserts that her psychological She possessed what, in a Napoleon, a Marlborough, experiences were feigned by her; nobody denies a Kellermann at Alba de Tormes (1809), would be that she had the experiences; nobody ascribes reckoned the insight of genius. them, like the learned of Paris University, to At the same time the author admits that the Satan, Belial, and Behemoth.'» Mr. Lang, greatest service of the Maid lay along inspira- therefore, concludes that so far as Jeanne was tional lines. What France just then needed concerned the “ voices were real; but what was patriotism, courage, and confidence. was their nature? In his discussions he examines Historical writers usually tell us that Jeanne and rejects various explanations recently pro- understood her mission as including two achieve- posed by scientific minds. Hysteria, underde- ments only: the relief of Orleans and the velopment, or nervous disorders of various sorts coronation of the Dauphin at Rheims. The have been suggested; but the evidence points inference is that her subsequent campaign was to none of these ; Jeanne appears in every other carried on in defiance of the " voices and respect to have been sane and normal. The against her own wishes. For these statements attempt to classify Jeanne's experiences with Mr. Lang finds no warrant. The reluctant ones those of ecstatics also seems to have failed; she were the king and his advisers ; Jeanne was is never known to have been subject to trances; eager to continue the warfare with a view to when the voices came to her and spoke to her, seizing Paris. The campaign failed, but the she still remained perfectly conscious of every- failure is not to be charged to the Maid's thing about her; her understanding of the com- account she displayed the same courage as mon things of life was not in the least disturbed earlier; it was the inevitable result of cowardice Mr. Lang apparently subscribes to the opinion and divided councils at court. Even after her that the “ voices” were expressions of uncon- capture she seems to have been anxious to con- scious thinking (whatever that may be). He tinue fighting the English ; " could she have confuses the matter somewhat in one of his clos- escaped from prison at any time in 1431, she ing sentences : “I incline to think that in a sense would have taken up arms again.” not easily defined Jeanne was “inspired,' and I The Maid had a presentiment that her career am convinced that she was a person of the high-would not be long; she knew that she would est genius, of the noblest character." But last but a year or little more.” The relief of inspired is a broad and vague term that gives Orleans began in May, 1429 ; Jeanne was cap- little definite information. The theory that the tured at Compiègne, May 23, 1530. January “ voices” were the Maid's own unconscious | 3, 1431, she was turned over to Cauchon, bishop 6 262 [April 16, THE DIAL - of Beauvais, for trial; on May 30 she was gotten the needs of the serious student: the work burned. Whether the Maid had a fair trial is is provided with a fair index, and all the import- a a question that has been “angrily debated.” ant statements are fortified with references to Some historians have argued that, as the laws the authorities used. The notes are, however, and customs were in the fifteenth century, the placed at the close of the volume instead of at judges were not unfair. Mr. Lang holds to a the foot of the pages. The illustrations consist different view : in cases where the accused were of two pictures of the Maid (miniatures from believed to have been in the service of the evil the close of the fifteenth century), a portrait of powers, the aim was not to find out the truth Charles VII., and three maps. but to convict; “no person in the situation of LAURENCE M. LARSON. Jeanne, a feared and hated captive in hostile hands, no man accused of high treason or of witchcraft, — had anywhere, for centuries after RECENT FICTION.* 1431, the slightest chance of being fairly tried.” And the record of the trial as given in the clos- “This is a novel, not a treatise,” says Mr. Wells midway in “ Tono-Bungay,” but we have doubts. ing chapters of Mr. Lang's biography is not Nevertheless we persevere, and are rewarded by such as to convict the judges of the least desire witnessing the play of an active and original mind to be fair and just. about most of the problems, individual and collective, A difficult problem in connection with the with which modern man is confronted. It would be trial is that of Jeanne's abjuration. About a vain to expect Mr. Wells to keep his social philos- week before the final tragedy, she was induced ophy out of a novel, or his technical scientific knowl- to submit to the commands of the church and edge, or his peculiarly mean conception of average to denounce her “ saints ” as spirits of evil; at humanity. He seems to work upon the theory that least such is the accepted account. We have a the best way to arouse man to a sense of what he might become is to make a merciless exposure of document of some length in which the Maid what he actually is, studied in a selection of the goes to the full extent of abjuration and sub- most despicable instances. This negative method mission. This document the author, on appar- of exalting an idealism may be effective when em- ently good grounds, calls into question. But ployed by such indignant spirits as Swift and Ibsen, even if this particular document is a forgery or a but when it is developed in the vein of comedy nearly falsification of the record, it seems probable that always worked by Mr. Wells, it becomes almost at this time Jeanne's heroism suffered a momen- futile for any higher purpose than that of entertain- ment. tary eclipse. “Tono-Bungay” has many longueurs, but “ The question is regarded as important, for, it is despite them is a vastly entertaining novel. It is argued, if Jeanne pronounced the words of the long the story of a great fortune erected upon a founda- form of abjuration, she perjured herself, and cannot be tion of humbug, for its title is the name of the patent regarded as a person of "heroic' and saintly virtue. medicine which raises its exploiter from poverty to Considering her circumstances, her long sufferings, the affluence. That Napoleonic charlatan reminds us mental confusion caused by the tumult; the promises not a little of the elder Vance in Mr. De Morgan's of escape from the infamous company of base English novel, but with just the difference that distinguishes grooms; and the terror of the fire, I cannot regard her, caricature from character-drawing. The story is - even if she recited and set her mark to the long abju- told by his nephew, who shares in the fortune, and ration,- as less heroic' than St. Peter was when he thrice denied his Lord. It is cruel, it is inhuman, to just escapes discredit in its collapse. As autobi- blame the girl for not soaring above the apostolicography, it is largely concerned with the latter's love heroism of the fiery Galilean; for being, at one brief affairs. There are three of them, the first the sort moment, less noble than herself.” * TONO-BUNGAY. By H.G. Wells. New York: Duffield & Co. By William J. Locke. New York: The John Mr. Lang has produced a useful and interest- ing biography, but it cannot be regarded as final. THE POINT OF HONOR. A Military Tale. By Joseph Conrad. New York: The McClure Co. Until the borderlands of thought have been more By Albert Kinross. New York: The thoroughly explored, the career of the Maid will Macmillan Co. MIRAGE. By E. Temple Thurston. New York: Dodd, Mead remain a mystery. The nature of the evidence is also such as to make the matter of interpreta- LORIMER OF THE NORTHWEST. By Harold Bindloss. New York: The Frederick A. Stokes Co. tion an extremely difficult task: it is largely THE FASHIONABLE ADVENTURES OF JOSHUA CRAIG. By David made up of the records of two trials, the first Graham Phillips. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 54 - 40 OR FIGHT. By Emerson Hough. Indianapolis: The for the purpose of condemnation (1431), and the Bobbs-Merrill Co. second (twenty years later) for the purpose of THE KING OF ARCADIA. By Francis Lynde. New York: rehabilitation. While the author has apparently Charles Scribner's Sons. THE SPELL. By William Dana Orcutt. New York: Harper written for the general reader, he has not for- & Brothers. SEPTIMUS. Lane Co. JOAN OF GARIOCH. & Co. 1909.] 263 THE DIAL of mistake that unthinking youth frequently makes, contact sees a renewal of the quarrel, and another the second distinctly disreputable, and the third an duel. They advance in grade and become generals, affair that ends with the rocket-like fall of the Tono- then, after the Restoration, they live on as grizzled Bungay enterprise. The author tries very hard to veterans, and still the feud persists. It has become make this third affair a matter of real passion and a tradition in military circles, although no one seems appeal to sympathy, but is imperfectly successful. to know the fons et origo of all this animosity. The A hero of fiction must have heroic qualities some- original quarrel, forced by a hot-headed and envious where latent within him, and such qualities are not soldier upon his generous rival, is kept alive by the here discernible. There is good comedy in the book, unreasonable attitude of the former, and the latter, but nothing that strikes deeper, unless we look for despite his abhorrence of the situation, finds a point , it in the pages that are frankly philosophical, and of honor in accepting the challenges that come from have nothing to do with the action. year to year. In their last duel, however, the chal- Curiously enough, Mr. William J. Locke's “Sep lenger is at his rival's mercy, and his life is forfeit timus” is also in large measure the story of a patent according to the code. He is spared under these medicine. Clem Sypher, however, is unlike the humiliating conditions, and for the rest of his life inventor of Tono-Bungay in that the former believes can do nothing more serious than vent his spleen by in his Cure, and in its divine mission of healing the grumbling. Meanwhile, as a disgraced Bonapartist, skins of all mankind. There is something almost Tie is in sore straits, but his rival finds a way of tragic in his dejection when he is informed by a man supporting him without his suspecting the source of of science, in the plainest of language, that it is a supply. The story is crisply told, with much acute device of quackery, and at the same time discovers comment and humorous observation. It is in reality that it is without efficacy when applied to the a grave comedy of cross-purposes keyed to a certain blistered heel of its own inventor. Clem is a good moderate pitch of dramatic intensity which is hardly deal of a man, however, and we are not deeply per- changed from beginning to end. turbed when the heroine — magnificent creature A variant from the usual type of the sensational though she be — finally rewards his devotion, and fiction which deals with things Russian is offered in accepts the responsibilities of her sex. As for Sep- “ Joan of Garioch,” by Mr. Albert Kinross. Instead timus, who also loves her in dumb ecstasy, we feel of the old-fashioned tale of nihilist conspiracies and that reality has shaped for him a better life than that Siberian horrors we have an up-to-date story of the of his dreams when his fortunes are at last annexed recent Russian revolution, with the Baltic provinces, to those of the heroine's less imposing but more and especially Riga, for the scene of its action. The domestic sister. Septimus is an inventor also, but hero is an English soldier who returns from South of machines, not medicines. He is a shy creature, Africa to learn that his betrothed has married a whose simple goodness wins our affection, and whose mysterious foreigner and disappeared. It seems that unconsciously humorous observations upon all sorts her father has been involved in a speculative enter- of subjects keep us in a cheerful mood. There is prise that has wrecked his fortune and threatened not much story in this entertaining book, nor is there his honor, and that the heroine has given herself as anything like reality of human characterization, but a sacrifice to the man who has offered to save her there is satirical wit in abundance and there is the father's reputation by paying his debts. We call most delicious whimsicality. The satisfaction which her the heroine in default of a better, but she hardly we get from this, as from Mr. Locke's other recent appears during the whole course of the narrative, novels, is intellectual rather than emotional, and is which is chiefly concerned with the hero's efforts to of the keenest sort. Something less successful, on discover her hiding-place. For the name given by the whole, than “The Morals of Marcus Ordeyne’ her husband, the Count de Jarnac, is a fictitious one, and “The Beloved Vagabond,” this new book is and the address which he has left upon his departure nevertheless a delightful affair, and it would be from England is a blind. In fact, he is a Russian ungrateful to place much stress upon the slight feel- of high standing, and when he learns that the lover ing of disappointment that comes from a comparison is in hot pursuit, he resorts to all sorts of villainous with its predecessors. devices for the deceiving and undoing of his rival. Mr. Conrad works upon a small canvas in “The This is the framework of a very pretty story of wild Point of Honor,” and the product more than justifies adventure and hairbreadth escape, which naturally the self-imposed limitation. His longer books are ends with the death of the villain and the union of often hard to read because of their diffuseness and the faithful lovers. Although the love-interest is over-indulgence in analysis, but this one offers no kept well in the background, there are all sorts of such impediment to the reader's sustained satisfac- romantic compensations for this defect, and the inter- tion. It is a tale of the Napoleonic wars, which, est of the story does not flag in a single chapter. however, form only a background for the single “Mirage," by Mr. E. Temple Thurston, is a ten- personal relation which is the substance of the der and pathetic story of belated love and unselfish narrative. Two minor French officers get into a renunciation. The Vicomte du Guesclin has lost quarrel over a trivial matter, and a duel results. his fortune, gone into English exile, and is eating During the following years, their paths diverge and his heart out in a London lodging-house. An unex- come together many times, and each time of renewed pected legacy gives him a simple country pied-a-terre a a 264 [April 16, THE DIAL (also in England), and he finds among his neighbors it possible that Mr. Phillips thinks his politician- a young French girl whose mother had been the love hero an admirable person in any aspect of his char- of his youth. In his association with this girl, both acter or in any sense of the word ? A boor through youth and love are renewed, and when the prospect and through, without any conception of the gracious of restored fortune opens before him, he seeks to side of life, he comes from the West into the political make his dream a reality, and wins the girl's con- life of the capital, forces his way to high office by sent to become his wife. It is affection rather than making himself a holy terror, elbows his way into love that she has to give him, but for a time he is polite society and acts like a bull in a china-shop, persuaded that it is the deeper sentiment. Then and finally captures a patrician wife by the primitive the castle in Spain crumbles, for fortune again eludes methods of the cave-dweller. We say “patrician," him, and the girl's heart is instinctively given to a because Mr. Phillips clearly thinks that he is describ- young Englishman who appears opportunely (or ing the woman as of that type. This is the most inopportunely) upon the scene at the critical mo- amusing of all his miscalculations, for his heroine is ment. The Vicomte is too fine a gentleman to also essentially a vulgarian, and the refinements with permit her to make the sacrifice which she is yet which he tricks her out do not long deceive us. Con- willing to make, and the light goes out of his life. sidering the story as an extravaganza, it is rather It is a delicate and charming tale, with soft lights good fun to follow the progress of the forceful Josh, and subtle characterizations. This theme of the St. as he swings his club, and bowls over such lay Martin's summer of love has been used many times figures of politicians and sy barites and dowagers as in fiction, but rarely (by English writers) to equally come within its destructive range. In the end, he artistic effect. There is also a vein of happy humor refuses a position in the Cabinet, and drags his wife running through the pages, which notably relieves off to Minnesota, which is probably a good place in the burden of their essential pathos. which to leave this precious pair. The story of “Lorimer of the Northwest” is now Mr. Emerson Hough, in his “ 54-40 or Fight," much more than a twice-told tale, for it already has become an adept in the “big bow-wow" style. exists in more than half a dozen replicas. But as This historical novel of two generations ago is simply long as Mr. Bindloss is able to compose equally reeking with the kind of patriotic sentiment that interesting variations upon the theme his books will exuded from our old-time spokesmen of manifest have enough novelty to continue attractive. The destiny, whose monthings were a mixture of blatant story, in substance, is that of the English settler in assertiveness, provincial prejudice, and lofty scorn the Canadian Northwest, of his struggle to wrest a of effete old-world examples. It tells of the period living from the soil, of his bitter reverses and des- of our history when people of heated imaginations perate plights, of his eventual triumph over difficult thought that England was intriguing with Mexico conditions, and of his winning of the woman upon to bar our progress toward the Rio Grande, and was whom his heart is set. It is essentially one of the about to make war upon us for the possession of the best of all stories, and both hero and heroine are of Oregon country. The scene is laid first in Wash- types that are perennially interesting because they ington, afterwards in the Northwest. The figure are both strong and wholesome. The present variant of Calhoun dominates the book, although a more of the story begins in England, but soon the char- | youthful hero of the conventional sort is provided acters are all transplanted oversea, and the plot by his private secretary and trusted agent. Spice enters upon its development. The hero has to con- is added to the romance by the figure of an Austrian tend, not only with the soil and the elements, but baroness, supposed to be in the pay of England, who also with various forms of human malice and rascal- flits from scene to scene, making unexpected appear- ity, and nothing but pluck and resourcefulness save ances when needed. Respect for Calhoun's demo- him from going under. Thus the reader is kept in cratic simplicity and a sentimental attachment to his a constant state of tension, which is not disagreeable dashing young secretary finally win her to the because his previous experience with the author American cause, and she becomes the chief instru- assures him that there will be a bonanza harvest in ment in effecting the boundary compromise. This the end, or a gold mine, or a fat contract, and that success of petticoat diplomacy is unrecorded in his- the hero's honest determination will have its due tory, but it makes pretty material for Mr. Hough’s reward, both material and sentimental. In his romantic purposes. The story has another heroine, dealings with nature, as exhibited in that part of of domestic origin, evidently intended for the hero America which he has made his own, it seems to us after he has closed the chapter of his philanderings that Mr. Bindloss is steadily growing in fineness of with the foreign adventuress, and we leave him in her observation and power of description. possession when all misunderstandings are cleared It is impossible to take seriously such a novel as away in the last chapter. “ The Fashionable Adventures of Joshua Craig.” “The King of Arcadia," by Mr. Francis Lynde, The straining for sensational effect and the deter- is a thrilling modern romance dealing with a Colo- mination of the author to be startling at any cost rado feud. The quarrel results from the efforts of are so obvious that the total result is repellent, and an irrigation company to construct works that will this quite apart from the commonness of the style flood the lands and make useless the residence of a and the unredeemed vulgarity of the treatment. Is | ranchman — the fine old Southern gentleman who is nt of a - 1909.] 265 THE DIAL Colleges as ence. known as the King of Arcadia. The successive BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. engineers engaged for the work all come to mys- terious or violent ends, and all sorts of suspicious That the problems presented in Mr. accidents delay its progress. It seems as if the education Clarence F. Birdseye's volume on King” were responsible for all these villainies, factories. "The Reorganisation of our Col- but we learn in the end that they are chargeable to leges” (Baker & Taylor Co.), and the aggressive a too zealous Mexican herdsman in his employ. The mode of their presentation, will stimulate discussion, hero of this tale is the new engineer, who, undaunted seems a consummation both likely and desirable. by the fate of his predecessors, accepts the commis- Much of the emphasis of the book is timely, and sion, and does his best to make good. The heroine some of it commendable. The urgent need of rais- is the “King's” daughter, who tries to be loyal to ing the social and moral standards and the general both lover and father, although for a time she also educational influences of the student's environment;. suspects the latter of criminal activities, charitably the need of restoring somehow the direct influence believing them to be the result of a disordered mind. of the teacher and the placing of the calling in its After the reader has had his surfeit of explosions proper professional status ; the checking of the am- and land-slides and floods and sudden deaths, he ends bitions of the colleges for numbers, and their showy in a love-feast, with explanations and reconciliations, forms of attaining publicity; a more simple and while idyllic peace reigns over the whole situation. effective supervision of the machinery of the college It all makes an entertaining, good-humored, and per- plant,” in these and similar topics there is com- fectly superficial story, well supplied with dramatic mon ground for the interchange of views and sug- incident, and told, for the most part, in a form of gestions. But when so much is conceded, every dialogue too smart to bear much relation to ordinary discerning critic of educational processes who has human speech. the least appreciation of the conditions under which “The Spell” of Mr. William Dana Orcutt's novel the fruits of the tree mature, must protest emphati- is that cast by the study of the Italian Renaissance cally against the temper and trend of this ambitious upon the life of a young American scholar in Flor- volume. We are told repeatedly and variously that Just happily married, he has brought his the college is a factory — when it is not a depart- – wife to Italy, in order that he may combine intel. ment store; that the methods of the great industries lectual delights with those of the honeymoon. Work- and of the trusts are the only ones that can save the ing in the Laurentian library under the guidance of situation; that a separate department of administra- a famous Italian scholar whose identity is hardly tion is what colleges need to save their souls and those concealed, he soon becomes so absorbed in his re- of the “problem-solvers ” and “citizen-thinkers" searches that his wife quite properly feels herself committed to their charge. There is waste in the neglected. To make matters worse, the young plant (doubtless there is), and to discover it each woman whom she has invited to become a guest at student should be sent through the mill with a cost their villa shares his interests and becomes the daily and production slip following him and telling in the companion of his labors. Neither the man nor his end what he is worth. The analogy to the ends companion realize the wrong they are doing, so and means of a great business house is believed in interested do they become in their joint studies, so to the logical finish. It is well that someone has compelling is the spell of the old humanism which the courage to carry this view to its extreme. But they are engaged in making their intellectual pos- the position is more sad than ridiculous, and may session. Husband and wife at last stand upon become serious. When the volume reaches the hands verge of permanent estrangement, when a fortunate of our foreign critics, some vigorous pronouncements automobile accident saves the situation by laying may be expected ; and there is some consolation in him up for some weeks, and bringing him to a the thought that the spirit of Matthew Arnold is wholesome realization of his unconscious neglect of beyond the reach of such offence. Not once in the an obvious duty. The spell is thus broken, and course of four hundred pages is there a bit of proof reality resumes the place of the dream that has that the conditions complained of are really in any usurped it. The novel is well written, and exhibits way connected with the proposed remedy. The both artistic feeling and delicate analytical power ; analogy is never under suspicion, though the vision its chief fault is that it lacks sufficient substance for is obstructed by motes and beams of all sorts and a novel of its length. WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. sizes. Surely it may be urged with greater force that the evils in question are due to just so much emphasis of administration and the business view PROFESSOR BRANDER MATTHEW8 is preparing for as has already crept into our colleges ; that what we Houghton Mifflin Co. a book on the Drama, which will need is to save ourselves from any more of it, and give in brief compass the fundamental facts needed by to resist to the last the encroachments under way. any student who is studying the drama and dramatic literature. This book will be uniform in size with The total aim and spirit and method of the college Professor Perry's “Study of Prose Fiction,” and will is foreign to that of the business world; and that is deal with the subject of the drama in the same manner just why we cherish it. It is easy for Mr. Birdseye in which Professor Perry deals with fiction. and his followers to say that he wants culture and the 266 [April 16, THE DIAL - Austrian - effective teaching and personality. If he really does, effectives. Among the author's descriptions of bat- he must sacrifice everything to the spirit out of which tles, the most successful is the account of Essling. such things grow; and the spirit that gives such With the description of the battles of the Ratisbon things life is to the spirit that must follow in the campaign, which are treated together, the principal wake of his reorganized business-dominated college difficulty is the complex topography of the country as May to December. The first requisite in the over which the operations were carried, a difficulty handling of intellectual interests is some appreciation which is not removed by the sketch-maps at the close of the forces that produce them and make their pur- of the volume. (John Lane Co.) suit worth while. To enter the arena of discussion without these is to raise the fundamental issue In a spirit of delightful comradeship The pleasures whether the end in view is worth the tremendous and pains of the with the undistinguished many, who toiling millions. after all are the salt of the earth, cost. For the reconstructed college — or the present college in the view of the “reconstructionists” Mr. Richard Whiteing has written a score or more is logically not worth maintaining. Let the factories, of short essays and sketches on unpretentious themes, the railroads, the banks, and the trusts, educate the and has called his book "Little People" (Cassell). youth of the land, and do it by business methods ; More than once he touches feelingly on that baffling why bring in the college professor ? mystery that has caused such bitterness of despair in many a Little Person's breast, the seeming un- Napoleon's Although one might infer from the fairness of fortune, the inequality in the human lot. title “ Napoleon and the Archduke “Why do our efficients,” is his unanswerable ques- campaigns. Charles,” which Mr. F. Loraine Petre tion, “demand such monstrous and altogether indi- gives to his volume on the campaign of 1809, that gestible helps of the pride of life? An opera singer it includes a large biographical element, the work is warbles a few notes into the gramophone — merely primarily an historical discussion of the Ratisbon to clear his throat — and is instantly dowered in campaign and of the campaign of Essling-Wagram. royalties with a sum equivalent to a substantial an- Mr. Petre has drawn new material from the corre- nuity.” The keynote to many a life-failure, as the spondence in Saski's Campagne de 1809, and from world estimates failure, is struck in the account of the papers of the Archduke Charles. He believes a humble friend who “ began life thinking he was that the English reader has had little opportunity going to fail in it. . . . He had no sense of exist- to correct traditional misapprehensions, which had ence as a struggle; he dreamed of it as a thing that their origin in the efforts of that incomparable ad- was all, more or less, an exchange of knightly offices vertiser, Napoleon himself, to propagate, by bulle- foolish child ! He generally muddled matters, tins at the time, and later in his conversations at and could not conceive of himself as clever or any- St. Helena, an account of his operations which should thing of the sort. He thought it would be delight- finally be accepted as orthodox. As in his previous ful just to live, doing nice things and getting your volumes on the campaigns of 1806 and 1807, the share of nice things done in return-exchanging author begins with a full account of the organization good offices, in fact, as the Utopians of the story and value of the two armies. He finds the strategy exchanged their washing." In admirable story- at telling vein is a chapter entitled “ As a March Hare,” fault on more than one occasion, and markedly describing the comical efforts of a well-meaning man below the standard set by the compaign of 1806. to get himself shut up in a mad-house, in order to He thinks Napoleon was influenced by a mistaken effect the release therefrom of a friend unjustly con- idea that Vienna was his true objective, rather than fined. On quite Chestertonic principles he at last the Archduke's army wherever it might go. He succeeds, not by feigning madness, but by behaving finds evidence that, until after the check at Essling, with rigid regard to reason. Terseness of phrase Napoleon underestimated the fighting qualities of and vigor of thought mark this book as they do not the Austrians; and this accounts for the contrast always succeed in marking the author's novels. between the haste with which he made the first Readers of the latter should not fail to read “ Little crossing of the Danube and the infinite pains with People,” if they desire a more intimate acquaintance which he prepared for the second. One of the with Mr. Whiteing at his best. most curious features of the struggle was the influ- ence of the presence in the army of a large number The publication of the several parts of Beginnings of of young recruits who should have been called in the greatest city the late Sir Walter Besant's magnum 1810, and of half-trained men of previous classes, opus, the “Survey of London," has upon the manœuvres on the field of battle. For been somewhat erratic. The first volume, appear- example, the formation of Macdonald's great columın ing in 1903, soon after the author's death, was his at Wagram, composed of thirty battalions in front “ London in the Eighteenth Century.” It was with six in column behind the right and seven behind announced in this volume that the entire work was the left, is attributed to this cause. It was expected nearly ready for publication at the time of Sir that such soldiers would be more stanch in heavy Walter's death. Other volumes have appeared at masses; but this advantage was gained at terrible cost, intervals, in the following order : “London in the for the column of 8000 was soon reduced to 1500 Time of the Stuarts,” “ London in the Time of the - a in the world. 1909.] 267 THE DIAL his own Tudors,” and two volumes on “Mediæval London." day by day up to the time of batching of the chick. Now appears what might naturally be regarded as All of this ground has of course been covered in the initial volume of the series, “Early London: other books. The superiority of the present work Pre-Historic, Saxon and Norman"(Macmillan), leav- lies rather in the manner of treatment than in the ing a volume on Modern London to appear shortly matter discussed. What impresses one most in going and to complete what its busy author intended through the volume is the thoroughness and pains- should be the great work of his life. In the volume taking care with which the book has been prepared. now before us, Sir Walter's account of Pre-historic Practically the whole of the work is based on the London is prefaced by a chapter on the geology of author's own personal observations. The few minor the site, by Professor T. G. Bonney, F.R.S. This inaccuracies of statement which the reviewer has is in accordance with Sir Walter's original scheme, noted have without exception been upon points where which was to have certain phases of his exhaustive the author relied on some statement in the literature survey prepared by acknowledged experts in those of the subject, rather than upon observations. special fields. This seems, however, the only in- The illustrations are nearly all original, and, from tance in which he availed himself of ich assist- the standpoint of scientific illustrations, very fine. It ance, and the account of the city's growth upon the is with real pleasure that one notes the absence of unpromising site which is described in this first the hackneyed old figures that have done duty in so chapter is in Sir Walter's inimitable style. Paying many text-books of embryology. Altogether, the work all due attention to the tradition of the founding of is a very notable contribution to the literature of Troynovant, or Trenovant, in the year 1108 B. C., elementary biology. he goes on to collate all the available testimony regarding the earliest settlers and inhabitants of the “No one will ever write my life,” John Pettie, forbidding spot upon which was destined to grow up said John Pettie ; "it has been much Scotch painter. the greatest city in the world, and gives us all that too uneventful.” Nevertheless, fif- can be known of Pre-historic London, augmenting his teen years after his death, he has found a biographer account with valuable appendices. The subsequent in his nephew, Mr. Martin Hardie, who draws a books on Roman, Saxon, and Norman London, delightful picture of the kindly, generous, tremen- bringing the survey down to the time of Henry II., dously forceful Scotch artist, and makes up for are written in a similar style, alike erudite and pop meagreness of biographical incident by fulness of ular, making this volume full of interest to the descriptive matter about Pettie's paintings. Diligent student of topography as well as to the student of search through the artist's note-books and in exhibi- manners and customs. And this volume will, no tion and sale catalogues, as well as in correspondence less than the others, stimulate in whoever or interviews with private owners of his work, has look may into its pages the same affectionate enthusiasm for resulted in a practically complete catalogue, chron- the London of the remote past which its distin- ologically arranged. Mr. Hardie barely remembers guished author had for the London of every age of his artist uncle, but he has had many conversations its history. with relatives and friends, as well as access to many letters, and from these he has reconstructed Pettie's A notable Text-books of embryology are much personality with almost the vividness of a first-hand too common to make the appearance portrayal. This is lavishly illustrated by remark- to biology. of a new one per se an event of ably fine color-plates which go far to substantiate particular scientific or literary significance. To Mr. Hardie's claims for his uncle's talent as a attract any especial attention, a book of this kind colorist. Characteristic of Mr. Pettie's indomitable must be markedly superior to others in the same perseverance was his resolve to conquer the prob- general category. This requirement is well fulfilled ler of color, which seemed harder for him than by Professor Lillie's recent work, “ The Develop draughtsmanship. “If other men become colorists ment of the Chick; an Introduction to Embryology” by working ten hours a day,” he declared, “ I'll (Holt). It has already taken the foremost place work twenty !” Both as an individual study and among existing accounts of the embryonic develop- as a contribution to the history of Scotch art in the ment of the chick, that “never failing resource of last century, Mr. Hardie's biography, which is pub- the embryologist.” The arrangement of the material lished by the Macmillan Co., is well worth while. and the plan of the book are in general much the same as in other embryological treatises, and embody The lengthening series of Mr. Paul the conventional ideas regarding the presentation of religion and Elmer More's “Shelburne Essays the subject to students. An introduction, dealing philosophy. (Putnam) is beginning to assume briefly with certain of the general biological prin proportions that make it not unnatural or unfit to ciples on which any study of embryology depends, compare these searching and scholarly disquisitions prepares for the detailed consideration of with the famous “Causeries” of Sainte-Beuve. For the course of the developmental processes in the if he has made choice of any predecessor in the same chick. The account begins with the formation of department of literature as his model, the French the egg, and follows this with the detailed descrip- essayist would seem to be the man. There are in tion of the development of the embryo and its organs each the same methodical and thorough working-up the way а contribution Dualism in 268 (April 16, THE DIAL a a Some colonial characters in of the subject chosen, the same effective intermin- the person who claims to talk with God.” Dean gling of quotation and critical comment and illustra- Hodges has made a valuable, and at the same time tive allusion, and the same admirable command of quite unpretentious, contribution to our historical the right turn of phrase with which to enforce the literature. meaning; and if the later writer displays somewhat less than the Frenchman's acuteness and wit, he on the other hand draws upon a wider range of reading NOTES. and thought and observation. His sixth volume, sub- What will doubtless prove a book of much importance titled “Studies of Religious Dualism,” takes up a to sociological workers is announced in Dr. Edward T. half-score of subjects of enduring interest to scholars, Devine's “ Misery and its Causes,” to be published by ” - the Forest Philosophy of India, the Bhagavad the Macmillan Co. in their “ American Social Progress Gitâ, Saint Augustine, Pascal, Sir Thomas Browne, Series." Bunyan, Rousseau, Socrates, the Apology, and Plato. Mrs. Theodosia Garrison, well known through her Three of the essays are now first published, and the contributions to the magazines, has made a collection of others have been altered and considerably amplified her poetical work, which will be published at once by in lifting from periodical to book. The writer is on Mr. Mitchell Kennerley under the title “ The Joy o’Life, and Other Poems." congenial ground in these papers, the irreconcilable “ The Doll's House" and "Little Eyolf” are the first antinomies of existence presenting for him, as for two volumes of “ A Players' Ibsen," a new edition of the all meditative minds, a fascinating though teasing plays of the Norwegian dramatist, which Mr. Henry L. and not over-fruitful subject for thought. A shade Mencken is engaged in preparing. Each volume has an too much of oriental fatalism and pessimism is introduction, a supply of notes, and a brief bibliography. inclined to color the utterances of him who lingers The translations are newly mader for this edition. unduly in this boundless domain of unanswered and Messrs. John W. Luce & Co. are the publishers. unanswerable inquiry. That the high standard of “ Nineteenth Century English Prose,” edited_by the series is here maintained, if not indeed raised Messrs. Thomas H. Dickinson and Frederick W. Roe, even higher, goes almost without saying. Readers is a recent publication of the American Book Co. It of the earlier volumes cannot afford to neglect this gives the text of ten critical essays, with brief introduc- tions and a few notes. The essayists represented are latest. Hazlitt, Carlyle, Macaulay, Thackeray, Newman, Bage- Five short and readable, as well as hot, Pater, Stephen, Morley, and Arnold. scholarly and painstaking, chapters “La Caverne,” by M. Ray Nyst (if that is a real lifelike attitudes. from our colonial history make up name), is an imaginative French tale of primitive man, “The Apprenticeship of Washington, and Other or rather of the man-monkey as he lived, loved, fought, and died in the luxuriant forests of tertiary Europe. A Sketches of Significant Colonial Personages" documentary introduction, which is essentially an essay (Moffat, Yard & Co.), by George Hodges, D.D., on the ethnology of the tertiary epoch, precedes the D.C.L. Written by a descendant of both the Pil- story proper. Mr. David Nutt is the English agent for grims and the Puritans, though himself a minister this publication. of the Church in protest against which his ancestors “The World's Triumph” is the title of a dramatic migrated to this country, these sketches have the poem in blank verse which the Lippincotts announce freshness of a rather new point of view, while at the for publication early in the present month. It is the same time they show a large-mindedness and fairness work of Mr. Louis James Block, a Chicago educator and that must win the approval and sympathy of all author, and is described as a symbolic production, the readers. Besides the title-chapter, there are accounts scenes being laid in Modena in the fourteenth century, of “The Hanging of Mary Dyer,” “The Adventures a prose prologue and epilogue connecting the theme with modern conditions. of Captain Myles Standish," "The Education of John “ The Revelation to the Monk of Evesham Abbey,” Harvard,” and “The Forefathers of Jamestown." A a work which dates from 1196, is done into modern genial and sometimes quietly humorous style makes English by Mr. Valerian Paget, and published by the the book excellent reading. In referring to the John McBride Co. It was first printed on the Continent ancient and honored stories of Washington's boy-in 1482, and a unique copy of that edition is preserved hood, the author is restrained by no reverence for in the British Museum. Professor Arber has reprinted Parson Weems's sacred calling from demonstrating it in our own time, and now we have a modernized ver- his untruthfulness. “The talk which goes on between sion of this extremely interesting product of the media- the lad [George Washington) and the father," he val religious spirit. A similar modernization of More's asserts, "is as far removed from reality as the con- Utopia” is promised from the same source. ferences between Adam and Eve which are reported The Virginia State Library issues its fifth annual by John Milton.” The writer's tone of fairness in report in a pamphlet volume of nearly six hundred treating our religious history may be illustrated by pages, comprising, besides matters ordinarily treated in such publications, a list of the year's accessions, a 300- a single short sentence from the chapter on Mary page report from the State Archivist, and a report, half Dyer : "The followers of the Inward Light have as long, from the State Bibliographer. The library is always been obnoxious to the established order”; he doing much excellent work, and apparently is none too understands but does not share the instinctive irrita- generously supported by the appropriations committee tion and enmity of the conservative mind against of the Virginia legislature. Significant of its variety 1909.] 269 THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 74 titles, includes books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.) and scope of usefulness, and illustrating its departure from the time-honored routine still observed by some of its sister state libraries, is its activity in circulating one hundred and thirty-two collections of books under the name of travelling libraries and school libraries. The bibliography of “State Publications,” begun ten years ago by Mr. R. R. Bowker, has just been com- pleted in the publication of Part IV., comprising The Southern States. The wealth of information, — his- torical, statistical, descriptive, and scientific, hidden, because of imperfect bibliographical record, in the pub- lications of the several States of the American Union, is second only to that in the publications of the Gov- ernment, which also until recent years had been poorly recorded and inadequately known. The present work, covering more than one thousand pages, is issued by “ The Publishers' Weekly," New York. “ The Letters of Percy Bysshe Shelley,” collected and odited by Mr. Roger Ingpen, is an important announce- ment of Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons. The collection consists of about 450 letters gathered from every avail- able source some of which have only been printed privately in a strictly limited issue; while many have not appeared in print before. Indeed, the largest number of Shelley letters previously printed in one collection amounts only to 127. The letters are printed in chron- ological form, are annotated, and fully indexed. The illustrations comprise a unique collection of portraits of Shelley and his friends, and views of the places where he lived, besides facsimiles of his MSS. FRANCIS MARION CRAWFORD. Francis Marion Crawford died on the evening of April 9 in his villa at Sorrento. His death was un- timely, for he had not completed his fifty-fifth year. His life was spent largely out of doors, and was filled with healthy activities. He should bave been good for another score of years, and this thought is an added grief to the host of his friends. He was an American in ancestry and spirit, although the greater part of his life was spent abroad. Born in Italy in 1854, he got his education successively in his native country, the United States, the Universities of Cambridge, Karlsruhe, Heidelberg, and Rome. This training marked him out for a cosmopolitan, and few other American writers have had interests that ranged so freely over the whole civilized world. Thrown upon his own resources at the age of twenty-four, he essayed literary work in India, Italy, and America, and in 1882 conceived the happy thought of writing a novel. This was “Mr. Isaacs,” the first of the long series, and its success was immediate and pronounced. His voca- tion was now determined, and was pursued with unflag- ging industry for the twenty-seven remaining years of his life. He wrote more than forty books, two-thirds of them novels, and became one of the most popular of our writers. The fluency of his pen was in a sense his misfortune, for no one can write as much as he did and at the same time realize his highest possibilities. His books are workmanlike and entertaining, but excessively diluted with rather commonplace philosophizing, and the best of them fall short of distinction. He was at his best in the delineation of Italian life and character, and the highest mark of his achievement was probably reached in the “Saracinesca" trilogy of novels. He also made important studies in Italian history, and the books resulting from these studies are almost as read- able and entertaining as his books of fiction. BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. The Life of Edgar Allan Poe. By George E. Woodberry. In 2 vols., illus. in photogravure, etc., 8vo. Houghton Mifflin Co. $5. net. The Making of Carlyle. By R. S. Craig. Illus. in photo- gravure, large 8vo, pp. 519. John Lane Co. M. net. Walt Whitman. By George Rice Carpenter. 12mo, pp. 175. "English Men of Letters Series." Macmillan Co. 75 cts. net. Ladies Fair and Frail: Sketches of the Demi-monde During the Eighteenth Century. By Horace Bleackley. Illus. in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, pp. 328. John Lane Co. $6. net. Memoirs of My Life. By Francis Galton, F.R.S. Illug., large 8vo, pp. 339. E. P. Dutton & Co. $3.50 net. Jasper Douthit's Story: The Autobiography of a Pioneer. With Introduction by Jenkin Lloyd Jones. With portrait, 12mo, pp. 225. American Unitarian Association. $1.25 net. Apollonius of Tyana: A Study of his Life and Times. By F. W. Groves Campbell, LL.D., with Introduction by Ernest Old. meadow. 12mo, pp. 120. Mitchell Kennerley. $1. net. Mr. Cleveland: A Personal Impression. By Jesse Lynch Williams. 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NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. The Essayes of Michael Lord of Montaigne. Done into English by John Florio; with Introduction by Thomas Seccombe. In 3 vols., with photogravure portraits, 8vo, uncut. E. P. Dutton & Co. $10. net. The Poetical Works of John Dryden, Cambridge edition. Edited by George R. Noyes. With portrait and vignette in photogravure, 8vo, pp 1054. Houghton Mifflin Co. $8. Thais. By Anatole France; translated by Robert B. Douglas. Large 8vo, pp. 234. John Lane Co. $2. Life and Letters of Lord Macaulay. By Sir George Otto Trevelyan. Enlarged and complete edition, including Ma. caulay's marginal notes; with frontispiece, 12mo. Harper & Brothers. $2. FICTION. The Chippendaleg. By Robert Grant. 12mo, pp. 602. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50. With the Night Mail: A Story of 2000 A. D. (Together with Extracts from the Contemporary Magazine in which It Appeared). By Rudyard Kipling; illus. in color by Frank X. Leyendecker and H. Reuterdahl. 12mo, pp. 77. 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With frontispiece in color, 12mo, pp. 322. John McBride Co. $1.50. Servitude. By Irene Osgood. 12mo, pp. 421. Dana Estes & Co. $1.50. The Outcast Manufacturers. By Charles Fort. 12mo, pp. 328. New York: B. W. Dodge & Co. $1.50. Old Lady Number 31. By Louise Forsslund. 16mo, pp. 275. Century Co. $1. On the Road to Arden. By Margaret Morse. Illus. in tint, 12mo, pp. 252. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1. net. The Diary of a Show-Girl. By Grace Luce Irwin. Illus., 16mo, pp. 177. Moffat, Yard & Co. $1. TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION. The East End of Europe: The Report of an Unofficial Mission to the European Provinces of Turkey on the Eve of the Rev. olution. By Allen Upward: with preface by Sir Edward Fitzgerald Law. Illus., large 8vo, pp. 368. E. P. Dutton & Co. $4. riet. The Empire of the East : A Simple Account of Japan, As It Was, Is, and Will be. By H. B. Montgomery. Illus. in color, etc., large 8vo, pp. 303. A. C. McClurg & Co. $2.50 net. 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HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY BEG TO ANNOUNCE THAT AFTER MANY DELAYS INCIDENT TO PREPARATION AND PRINTING, THE RIVERSIDE PRESS EDITION OF AUGUSTE BERNARD'S LIFE OF GEOFROY TORY, TRANSLATED BY GEORGE B. IVES, IS NOW READY FOR DELIVERY. Aside from its interest as an important contribution to the his- tory of engraving and typography, it will have a special appeal for those who have followed the work of Mr. Bruce Rogers, for no other volume in the series has been given closer study, more careful scrutiny, or greater wealth of treatment in design. The edition is printed from the Riverside Caslon, a type re-cut espe- cially for it by Mr. Rogers, from original Caslon letters. This new face harmonizes admirably with the spirit and feeling of Tory's crisp and sparkling designs, which are the chief raison d'être of this publication. 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