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WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE: Player, Playmaker, and Poet
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276
[May 1,
THE DIAL
Indispensable Books for Every Library
at Less than One-third Published Price
HA
AVING secured the entire remaining stock of the original
“Muses' Library,” published by Charles Scribner's Sons
in conjunction with Lawrence & Bullen of London, we are
able to offer this well-known series at less than one-third the
original price. The volumes are beautifully printed and bound,
and fully edited by prominent English scholars. Each contains
a portrait in photogravure. A list of the titles is given below.
POEMS OF JOHN KEATS
Edited by G. Thorn Drury, with
an Introduction by Robert
Bridges.
Two volumes.
“What was deepest in the mind of Keats was the love of loveliness for
its own sake, the sense of its rightful and preēminent power; and in the
singleness of worship which he gave to Beauty, Keats is especially the
ideal poet." - STOPFORD BROOKE.
POEMS OF THOMAS CAMPION
Edited by A. H. Bullen.
One volume.
“Few indeed are the poets who have handled our stubborn English
language with such masterly deftness. So long as 'elegancy, facility,
and golden cadence of poesy' are admired, Campion's fame will be
secure.” – A. H. Bullen.
POETRY OF GEORGE WITHER
Edited by Frank Sidgwick.
Two volumes.
“The poems of Wither are distinguished by a hearty homeliness of
manner and a plain moral speaking. He seems to have passed his life
in one continual act of innocent self-pleasing." - Charles LAMB.
a
POEMS OF WILLIAM BROWNE
OF TAVISTOCK
Edited by Gordon Goodwine,
with an Introduction by A. H.
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“Browne is like Keats in being before all things an artist, he has the
same intense pleasure in a fine line or a fine phrase for its own sake. .
In his best passages
and they are not few he will send to the listener
wafts of pure and delightful music.” –W.T. ARNOLD.
POEMS OF SAMUEL TAYLOR
COLERIDGE
Edited by Richard Garnett.
One volume.
“Although the best poetical work of Coleridge is extremely small in
bulk . . . yet his poetry at its best reaches the absolute limits of English
verse as yet written.” – GEORGE SAINTSBURY.
POEMS OF HENRY VAUGHAN
Edited by E. K. Chambers, with
an Introduction by H. C.
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Two volumes.
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emblems, but in spite of them, and even through them, it is easy to see
that he has a passion for Nature for her own sake; that he has observed
her works; that indeed the world is to him no less than a veil of the
Eternal Spirit, whose presence may be felt in any, even the smallest,
part." —H. C. Beeching.
Reduced from $1.75 to
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1909.]
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THE DIAL
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A History of German Literature
By CALVIN THOMAS, LL.D., Gebhard Professor of the Germanic Languages and Literatures,
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Modern Educators and their Ideals
By TADASU MISAWA, Ph.D. Sympathetically and significantly, Dr. Misawa gives a general idea
of the educational views of philosophers of modern times.
12mo. Cloth. $1.25 net.
Problems of City Government
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purpose is to present an analysis of the general principles involved in city growth.
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My Story
By HALL CAINE. Illustrated by intimate and hitherto unpublished photographs selected by the
author. In this account of his life the famous novelist incorporates the records of his friendship and
acquaintance with many of the most eminent literary men of the last century.
8vo. Cloth, gilt top. $2.00 net.
The House of Howard
By GERALD BRENAN and EDWARD PHILLIPS STATHAM. “No family in England has
been more concerned in the political, social, and religious developments of the English people.”
32 full-page illustrations, 2 photogravure plates. 2 volumes. Cloth, 8vo. $6.00 special net.
Human Speech: Its Physical Basis
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and interesting exposition of a very difficult and intricate subject." -- British Medical Journal.
Numerous illustrations. Crown 8vo. $1.75 net.
The Transformations of the Animal World
By CHARLES DÉPERET, Corresponding Member of the Institute de France and Dean of the Faculty
of Sciences at the Université de Lyon. It traces the different stages of evolutionary theory from the
time of Cuvier downward and forms a complete and trustworthy guide to the history of animals.
Crown 8vo. $1.75 net.
Man in the Light of Evolution
By JOHN M. TYLER, Ph.D., Professor of Biology, Amherst College. “ No reader will go amiss in
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novel.” Boston Transcript.
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Viva Mexico !
BY CHARLES M. FLANDRAU. Mexico as seen through the eyes of an American who tells
charmingly of the odd human things that interest everybody.
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A Year out of Life. A Novel
By MARY E. WALLER, author of “ The Woodcarver of 'Lympus." This exquisitely written story
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Our Village. A Novel
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Modern Accounting
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278
[May 1,
THE DIAL
a
The Home
Poetry Book
We have all been
wanting so
long
OOK publishers and book journals are
alike sustained by a book public. The
people who read book journals are the ones
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laneous journals have miscellaneous read-
ers, some of whom are bookish people. AU
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vated class.
a
Edited by
FRANCIS F. BROWNE
Editor “Poems of the Civil War,"
"Laurel Crowned Verse," etc. Author
"Everyday Life of Lincoln," etc., etc.
"GOLDEN POEMS" contains more of everyone's
favorites than any other collection at a popu.
lar price, and has besides the very best of the
many fine poems that have been written in
the last few years.
Other collections may contain more poems of one
kind or more by one author.
GOLDEN POEMS" (by British and American
Authors) has 550 selections
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THE
HE DIAL is more generally consulted
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.6
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1909.]
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66
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Andrew Jackson. It contains every important letter
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THE EDITOR is conceded to be one of the greatest author-
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280
[May 1, 1909.
THE DIAL
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The Faith and Works of Christian Science
By the author of Confessio Medici, which many remember for the charm of its spirit as well as its content. His
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writing - a small part of what physicians and surgeons know of the so-called science and its results.
Uniform with “ Confessio Medici.” $1.25 net; by mail, $1.35.
Mr. Percy MacKaye's new book The Playhouse and the Play
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By the author of "Jeanne d'Arc," " The Canterbury Pilgrims," "Mater," etc. $1.25 net; by mail, $1.35.
John Spargo's new edition, revised, of Socialism
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personal opinion as to the "Means of Realization" of the Socialist state. Cloth, 12mo. $1.50 net; by mail, $1.61..
Professor Francis B. Gummere's translation The Oldest English Epic
is singularly successful in preserving the form, half chant, half lilt, of all that survives of the narrative poetry
which the English brought from their German home. To students of Anglo-Saxon the work is of course all but
indispensable, but the fire and spirit of the old singers to the hall-thanes deserves a warm welcome from the
general reader also.
Cloth, 12mo. $1.10 net.
Mr. Sidney Lee's standard Life of William Shakespeare
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Dr. Irving E. Miller's The Psychology of Thinking
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THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
left us.
PAGB
>
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, 82. a year in advance, postage
SWINBURNE.
prepaid in the United States, and Mexico; Foreign and Canadian
postage 50 cents per year extra. REMITTANCES should be by check, or A world without poets -- such, it seems, is
by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL COMPANY.
the world in which we are henceforth to live,
Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current
number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of sub- now that the last singer of the great line has
scription is received, it is assumed that a continuance of the subscription
is desired. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All com
The Victorian glory was still ours as
munications should be addressed to
long as a single figure remained of the group
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
that made the Victorian age memorable ; its sun
Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office
at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879.
has now set indeed, and there are no signs of a
new sunrise to compare with that which flooded
No. 549.
MAY 1, 1909. Vol. XLVI. the heavens with light half a century or more
ago. On the fifth of April Mr. Swinburne
CONTENTS.
rounded out his seventy-second year; five days
later he had drawn his last breath. The
SWINBURNE .
281
“youngest singer” of the exquisite tribute paid
ROUSSEAU THE VAGABOND. Charles H. A.
in 1864 to Landor's memory had gradually, as
Wager
283
his great contemporaries one by one passed away,
CASUAL COMMENT
285
himself come to be “ the oldest singer that
French impressions of American newspapers.
A free library freely used. — The duplication of England bore," and the opening of the Twen-
book-titles. - The advertising of "fake" books tieth century had revealed him standing in soli-
and book-schemes.—A bar to originality in author-
ship. — The multiplicity of "book-fakes." — The
tary preëminence, the sole poet of the first rank
wear and tear of public-library books. — Linear
left to England, almost to the world. Now that
measurement applied to literature.—The final word he is gone, the best of those that remain seem
in literary journalism. — Thrifty utilization of lit-
erary material. — Buffalo's book-readers.—A little
ephemera, idle singers of empty days, voices
confusion of names. An up-to-the-minute news
ineffectual and unresonant.
We must accept
service.
the situation. The whole inheritance of past
COMMUNICATIONS
288
English poetry is still ours, for counsel and in-
Pennsylvania History in Poetry. Isaac R. Penny-
spiration ; but new occasions, as they bring us
packer.
Education and the State. Duane Mowry.
new obligations and new needs, will find no poet
THE CARLYLE-WELSH LOVE-LETTERS. Percy
to transmute their dross into spirit-gold by his
F. Bicknell.
290 wonder-working alchemy.
PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY. Joseph A later generation will, we make no doubt,
Jastrow
292 do Mr. Swinburne more substantial justice than
LORENZO THE MAGNIFICENT AND HIS TIME.
has been done him by his contemporaries.
P. A. Martin
294 Higher rank it can hardly give him than that
THE SEARCH FOR WHAT IS CLOSE AT HAND. already accorded by those who have really known
Edward E. Hale, Jr.
296 his work in its entirety, but it is sure to bring
LINCOLN'S LAST DAYS AND DEATH. Edwin a more wide-spread recognition than they have
E. Sparks
297 hitherto enjoyed of those superb qualities of
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
299 profound thought and imaginative expression
The “parochial” Englishman.-Side-lights on the that are characteristic of his genius. By a very
court of Queen Anne. — France and the French of
to-day.- Pseudo-Japanese humor and nonsense.—
large part of the public, even of the public that
A woman's diary of thirty-five years of European genuinely cares for poetry, he is still thought of
life.—A survey of education by a Japanese. — The in the terms of a tradition that fixed
world's most famous gardener. – Saunterings and
upon
observations in Northern Italy.
him in his early years, a tradition so distorted
from the truth as to be nothing less than gro-
BRIEFER MENTION
301
tesque. Many people still, in sheer simplicity
NOTES
302
of ignorance, imagine wordiness and sensuality
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS
302
to be the essential attributes of his work. This
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
303 estimate, as we have said elsewhere," is a com
.
.
.
.
-
was
.


282
[May 1,
THE DIAL
posite of hearsay, of superficial acquaintance uninformed attitude toward it of the general
with a few of the strays of his work, and of a reader. The volumes are about twoscore in
legend based upon the sensational journalism of number, many of them almost prohibitive in
more than a generation ago.” The charge of price, and some of them long out of print. Even
”
verbosity results from the fact that Swinburne the new collected edition fills eleven volumes,
“ does not fling his learning at the reader in and includes none of the prose writings, which
undigested lumps, but subordinates the exhibi- would fill as many more of equal size. Most
tion to the strictest law of artistic expression.” people who claim acquaintance with Swinburne
As for the charge of sensualism, we can only will be found, upon inquiry, to know little of
say that to those who know him, Swinburne is him beyond the contents of the 1866 volume
“the poet who almost more than any of his of “Poems and Ballads” that brought him
fellow-singers exalts spirit above sense, and notoriety rather than fame. The great odes,
transports his readers into an atmosphere almost the magnificent series of lyrics dedicated to the
too rarefied for ordinary mortals to breathe." cause of human freedom, the matchless elegies,
We urge these considerations, as we have the touching personal tributes, the tender songs
many times urged them before, because in much of childhood, the superb narrative poems, and
that has been written about the poet even since the noble sonnets, are alike unfamiliar to those
his death the old stereotyped formulæ have been who prate most confidently about his sound and
applied to him, and the old ignorance of the fury, his undisciplined emotionalism, and his
totality of his production has been displayed. Aleshly leanings. For a hundred who glibly quote
The perfunctory critic of Swinburne always “ Dolores ” and “ Laus Veneris,” there is hardly
begins by exalting him to the skies as a mel- one who knows “ Athens ” and “ Thalassius”
odic wizard and artist in rhythmical effects, and and “ The Armada” and “ The Last Oracle "
then proceeds to deplore his morbid tendencies, and “ By the North Sea
and “ By the North Sea” and “ Songs before
his vacuity of thought, and his uncritical enthu- Sunrise.” Yet these are the works which make
siasms. But all that was morbid in the “ Poems him one of the greatest of English poets ; the
and Ballads” of 1866 had been sloughed off, others are youthful indiscretions that we might
like a disease of youth, when the “ Songs before easily spare.
Sunrise" were published in 1871, and Swin- The dramatic poems of Swinburne's ripest
burne has revealed himself in many a subsequent creative period have suffered similar neglect.
volume of verse and prose both as a profound “ Atalanta in Calydon " is well known; the far
scholar and as a severe and serious thinker
upon nobler" Erechtheus "is ignored. The exuberant
the gravest problems that confront the human “ Chastelard was borne into favor
upon
the
intellect. As for his enthusiasms (and preju- wave of the author's popularity when he made
dices), while we may admit that they are at his startling appearance in the world of letters ;
times expressed with a vehemence that tends “ Bothwell” and “Mary Stuart," by reason of
to weaken their effect, we must in all fairness the very restraint and severity of their art, have
admit also that they are supported by a wealth not found one-tenth as many readers, although
of knowledge and a cogency of reasoning that they are incomparably finer productions. The
usually justify them in substance if not in form. average student of our literature who is asked
There are few matters of judgment, literary or to name the author of “ Marino Faliero'
historical, moral or philosophical, in which he speak of Byron and learn with surprise that
was not fundamentally right, and in face of that we owe to Swinburne a far greater treatment
fact there is no cause for serious censure in the of the same theme. As for 6 Locrine and
other fact that his pronouncements were colored “Rosamund,” they are known to very few read-
by his temperament in a very unusual degree. ers indeed. We do not expect the closet drama
Artificial restraint, and the affectation of a to become widely popular under the present
severely judicial manner, are qualities that do conditions of literary taste, but the greatest
not contribute to the vis viva of criticism ; the masterpieces in this kind that our age has pro-
qualities of exuberance and emotion have also duced are deserving of more recognition than
their legitimate place, unless we deny to the art they have thus far obtained. They represent,
any element of the persuasive function.
in Swinburne's case, about half of his total
The amount of Swinburne's work is very achievement as a poet, and they may possibly
great, and a large part of it has never been prove to be the more enduring half.
made easily accessible to the public, - a fact If Swinburne had given us no poetry at all,
which accounts in considerable measure for the his prose alone would have distinguished him
>
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1909.]
283
THE DIAL
a
«
a
and sev-
as one of the most forceful writers of his time. and sparkling through lovely levels, or lies quiet for
It is prose of the most extraordinary richness a moment in deep and shady pools. Such is the de-
and flexibility, concerned chiefly with the study scription of the journey that he made with his friend
of literature, but illuminating its judgments
Bâcle from Turin to Annecy. He was eighteen, the
with a wealth of allusions drawn from the whole protégé of the Count de Gouvon, who was evidently
realm of the intellectual life. More evidently ready to make the fortune of the homeless and pen-
.
niless young adventurer. But Bâcle, the droll, the
than his poetry, it refutes the laughable notion
gay, the amusing, was about to walk to Geneva.
that Swinburne was without scholarship or the
Rousseau remembered how delightful had been the
capacity for serious thought. In style it is far journey to Turin. In his thoughts,
from admirable, being tortuous and involved, The mountains, the meadows, the woods, the streams,
but those who thread its labyrinthine passages
the villages succeeded one another without end and always
with new charms. What would it be when, to the joy of
will be amply rewarded for their pains. The
independence, should be added that of travelling with a
prose writings include special studies of Shake- good-humored comrade of my own age and taste, without
speare, Jonson, Chapman, Blake, and Hugo,
worry, duty, constraint, or obligation to go on or stop, except
as we liked ? One must be mad to sacrifice such luck to
besides a volume on the Elizabethan dramatists,
ambitious plans that are slow, difficult, and uncertain of
three volumes of miscellaneous
essays,
execution, and which, supposing them to be one day realized,
eral smaller books. They give us criticism of
would not in all their splendor be worth a quarter of an
hour of true pleasure and freedom in youth.”
the most vital and penetrating sort, criticism
Only he who has no vagabondage in his soul will
that does not always satisfy the scientific fac-
deny this; and Rousseau never did. In spite of
ulty, but that always succeeds in kindling the the suffering of mind and body that clouded the
soul. A uniform collected edition of these greater part of his life, he never had occasion to
prose writings is greatly to be desired.
lament that his youth was dead within him. And
Algernon Charles Swinburne was born of so the two lads set out, their purses “lightly fur-
aristocratic parentage on April 5,1837. He was nished,” but their hearts “saturated with joy,
educated at Eton and Balliol, but left Oxford thinking only of enjoying this wayfaring bliss,"
without taking a degree. His first book was
cette ambulante félicité. They took with them a
published in 1860, and the year after he made
mechanical toy which was to help them get their
the visit to Italy which won for him Landor's
living on the road, and allow them to prolong their
travels indefinitely. While this expectation proved
friendship, and did much to determine the
to be ill-founded, the journey was almost as delightful
current of his poetical inspiration. The years as they had hoped ; and one regrets with Rousseau
1865-6 were the years in which “ Atalanta" that he kept no detailed record of it.
and the “ Poems and Ballads ” took an aston- One regrets still more that there is no journal of
ished world by storm. Practically the whole his travels, this time on horseback, as secretary and
of his manhood life was spent in London, the interpreter to the “Greek archimandrite” who was
last thirty years of it in the suburb of Putney, seeking funds to rebuild the Holy Sepulchre. Wan-
where he lived in the companionship of his dering one day in the country about Neuchâtel, where
closest friend, Mr. Theodore Watts-Dunton,
he was teaching music, he entered an inn at Boudry
to dine. There he “saw a man with a great beard,
and where he died on the tenth of last month.
a violet coat of Greek fashion, a fur cap,
and a suffi.
The comradeship thus ended is one of the most
ciently noble appearance and bearing," who was
beautiful in literary history, and we trust that struggling to make himself understood in Italian.
the surviving member of the household at " The The young musician, with an eye for adventure, came
,
Pines” may be prevailed upon to let the world to the rescue, joined the prelate at dinner, “and at
into some of the secrets of the intimate relation the end of the meal we were inseparable.” “With-
that so long existed between the two friends. out precaution, assurance, or knowledge, I gave
myself up to his guidance — and behold me, the
next day, on my way to Jerusalem !” The end of
this romanesque adventure was worthy of the begin-
ROUSSEAU THE VAGABOND. ning. After making, before the senate of Berne,
“ The thing that I most regret among the details
the only good speech of his life, in his capacity as
of my life of which I have lost the memory is that I
spokesman for the archimandrite, he was arrested
did not keep a journal of my travels,” says Rousseau;
at Soleure with his principal. The Greek disappears
and this regret every reader of the “Confessions
from the story; but Rousseau, as usual, finds friends,
has shared. The greatest of sentimentalists was
who send him with a hundred francs in his pocket
also the prince of vagabonds -- the inventor, Sainte-
to seek his fortune at Paris. He writes :
Beuve affirms, of le voyage pédestre. The stream of
“I gave to this journey a fortnight, which I can count
the “Confessions,” too often turbid with distressing
among the happy days of my life. I was young,
strong, I had enough money and much hope. I was travel-
or shameful things, flows sometimes clean and fresh ling on foot, and alone. You might be surprised at my
>
I was


284
[May 1,
THE DIAL
1
>
counting this an advantage if you were not already familiar those that please it, surrounds itself with charming images,
with my humor. My sweet fancies (chimères) kept me com- becomes intoxicated with delicious feelings. If, in order
pany, and never did the heat of my imagination produce to fix them, I amuse myself by mentally describing them,
more magnificent ones. This time my ideas were mar- what vigor of pencil, what freshness of tint, what energy of
tial. . . . I fancied that I saw myself already in an officer's expression I give them! I am told that people have found
coat and a fine white plume. My heart swelled at this all this in my works, even though written in my declining
noble idea.. However, as I came into the pleasant fields years. Ah, if they had seen those of my first youth, those
and saw the groves and brooks, this touching sight made me that I made on my journeys composed and never wrote !
sigh with regret; I felt in the midst of my glory that my Why not have written them ? you ask. And I reply, Why
heart was not made for so much tumult; and soon, without should I have written them? Why deprive myself of the
knowing how, I found myself back among my dear sheep- actual charm of enjoyment in order to tell others what I
folds, renouncing forever the toils of Marg."
had enjoyed ? What mattered to me, readers, a public, on
Few as these journeys were, a complete vaga-
the earth, while I was soaring in the heavens ? Besides,
did I carry pens and paper with me? If I had thought of
bond's manual may be compiled from the “Confes- all that, nothing would have come to me. I did not foresee
sions” and illustrated from the temperament of its that I should have ideas. They come when they please, not
author. All the peculiar gifts and graces of the when I please. They do not come at all, or they come in a
wanderer were his. The joys of the road at their
crowd, overwhelming me with their number and their power.
Ten volumes a day would not have sufficed. Where should
purest and keenest he knew, and
sang
them in a
I have found time to write them? When I arrived, I thought
prose that is all but lyrical. He was incorrigibly only of dinner. When I went away, I thought only of a good
young, hopeful, imaginative. Wherever he was, he walk. I felt that a new paradise awaited me at the door.
tells us, it was never far to the nearest Castle in
I thought only of going to seek it.”
Spain; though his castles not seldom proved to have
It is from revelations like this that we learn
material foundations. He delighted in the open
whence Rousseau drew the breadth and freshness
country and its life, and in the simplicity and friend- of his thinking, where he found “the first fine care-
liness of humble folk. His temper always remained
less rapture” of his style. Into his books passed
essentially rustic and unsophisticated, even after the simplicity, the passion, the serenity, the spon-
years of intimacy with the great. Beauty of land- taneity of nature. He became one of her voices ;
scape appealed, of course, to a taste that was in the through him she spoke to an urban cultivated society
strictest sense romantic.
that sorely needed his ministrations. He had much
“I love to walk at my ease and to stop when I like. The
of her frankness, too, her lack of shame, her toler-
wayfaring life, la vie ambulante, is what I demand. To ance for the unclean. The “Confessions " is not
make my way on foot, in fine weather, in a beautiful coun- the work of a fastidious man.' It has no touch of
try, without haste, and to have an agreeable object as my the Rabelaisian temper, or of Sterne's complacent
goal, this is the manner of life that is most to my taste.
Moreover, you know already what I mean by beautiful
indecency. It speaks of tacenda, sometimes, to be
,
country. Never did flat country, however beautiful, appear sure, with physical disgust, but, on the whole, with a
so to my eyes. I demand torrents, rocks, pines, black forests, humorous acquiescence and a freedom from severity
mountains, rough roads to climb and descend, fearful preci- that are Nature's own.
pices beside me.”
One touch in the passage last quoted is the very
It is the younger Pliny, who says (of a boar-hunt, mark and sign manual of the vagabond, “the separa-
to be sure) that bodily activity stimulates the mind; tion from everything that makes me feel my depend-
and Hazlitt is of the same opinion. “Give me,” he ence.” “Oh!” cries Hazlitt, “it is great to shake
writes, “the clear blue sky over my head, and the off the trammels of the world and of public opinion
green turf under my feet, a winding road before
to lose our importunate, tormenting, everlasting
me, and a three hours' march to dinner — and then
personal identity in the elements of nature, and
to thinking! It is hard if I cannot start some game become the creature of the moment, clear of all
on these lone heaths.” Stevenson, the idler, dis-
ties.” Without this, what were youth and hope and
sents. His ideal is an “open-air drunkenness” that imagination and a taste for the picturesque? If one
lays thought asleep, “that fine intoxication that ...
must intrude upon boon Nature his petty cares for
begins in a sort of dazzle and sluggishness of the the morrow, he had better stick to his desk and copy
brain, and ends in a peace that passes comprehen- his music to the end of his days. But if one can
sion.” But Rousseau is of Pliny's mind, and Haz- set forth as Rousseau did, with only his dear chi-
litt's. He writes :
mères for provision, to enter “the vast space of the
“Never have I thought so much, existed so much, lived world,” confident that his merit will fill it ; if, friend-
so much, been so much myself, as in those (journeys] that I
have made alone and on foot. Walking, somehow, animates
less in a strange city, one can regard twenty francs
and kindles my ideas. I can hardly think, when I remain
as an inexhaustible fortune, and dine superlatively
in one place. My body has to be in motion to start my
well for ive or six sous; if, absolutely without
mind. The view of the country, the succession of pleasant resource in Paris, one can abandon oneself tran-
sights, the open air, the good appetite, the good health that
quilly to one's indolence and the care of Providence,
I gain by walking, the freedom of an inn, the separation
from everything that makes me feel my dependence, that
and, in order to give Him time to do His work,
recalls to me my situation, all this frees my soul, gives me proceed to devour without haste one's few remain-
a greater boldness of thought, throws me, somehow, into the ing louis, going to the play only twice a week, - if
immensity of things, to combine them, choose them, appro-
priate them at will, without embarrassment and without
one can do these rare things, then one is indeed
fear. Like a master, I dispose of all nature. My heart,
sealed of the tribe of vagabonds forevermore. There
wandering from object to object, unites, identifies itself with is a passage in the “Confessions” that should be
>
:


1909.]
285
THE DIAL
>
roses.
It was
made a test of fitness for all who aspire to initiation. placed on a trunk that filled the width of the embrasure.
Rousseau is at Lyons with little money and no
In this situation, the window served as a table, we breathed
the air, we could see our surroundings, and the passers-by.
friends, when he writes :
Who will describe, who will feel the charm of these
“I preferred to spend the few sous that remained to me suppers, composed only of a quarter-loaf of coarse bread,
on bread rather than on shelter, because after all I was less some cherries, a bit of cheese, and a half setier of wine, which
in danger of dying for lack of sleep than for lack of food. we both drank? Friendship, confidence, intimacy, gentle-
The astonishing thing is that in this cruel state I was neither ness of soul, how delicious is your seasoning! Sometimes we
disturbed nor sad. I had not the least care for the future, remained there till midnight, without suspecting the hour."
and I awaited the answer that Madame de Châtelet was to
This is the Rousseau who introduced into French
receive, lying down under the stars, and sleeping stretched
literature what Sainte-Beuve calls “the sentiment of
out on the earth or on a bench as quietly as on a bed of
I remember even having passed a delicious night
domestic life.” And while this sentiment is not
outside the city, on a road that ran beside the Rhone or the ordinarily associated in our minds with vagabond
Saône, I do not remember which. Terraced gardens bor-
tastes, in Rousseau's case the two instincts were
dered the road on the opposite side. The day had been very
warm. The evening was charming. The dew moistened the
naturally and closely connected. A man who took
dried grass. There was no wind. The night was still. The his pleasure so frugally, who got so much from so
air was fresh without being cold. The sun, at its setting, little, provided only that it was seasoned with friend-
had left in the sky red vapors whose reflection turned the
ship and intimacy, who had an inexhaustible interest
water rose-color. The trees of the terrace were filled with
nightingales answering one another. I walked along in a
in people of all classes, and an evident faculty of
sort of ecstasy, abandoning my senses and my heart to the winning their interest and confidence in return, such
joy of it all, and breathing only a sigh of regret that I was a man is at home anywhere, and finds “the senti-
enjoying it alone. Absorbed in my sweet reverie, I pro- ment of domestic life” in even more unexpected
longed my walk far into the night without noticing that I
He
was tired. At last I perceived it. I lay down voluptuously places than a fourth floor apartment in Paris.
on the tablet of a kind of niche or false door sunk in a ter- found it, for example, in the unfurnished lazaretto
race wall. Tree-tops formed the canopy of my bed. A at Genoa, where he spent two weeks quite alone,
nightingale was exactly above me. I went to sleep as he was while the vessel on which he had sailed to Italy was
singing. My sleep was sweet, my waking sweeter.
broad day. As I opened my eyes, I saw the water, the
in quarantine.
He tells us that he made a bed of
verdure, an admirable landscape. I rose, shook myself.
his clothing, used his trunks for chair and table,
Hunger seized me, and I made my way gaily toward the arranged his paper, inkstand, and a dozen books,
town, resolved to spend on a good breakfast two pièces de and declared himself absolutely comfortable. In
six blancs that still remained to me. I was in such good
humor that I went singing along the way.”
spite of the self-consciousness that lurks in the nar-
rative, it is refreshingly free from any assumption
The song procured him, as usual, a dinner and a
of Spartan virtue. Being a man of simple tastes,
friend. Let all presumptive Knights of the Road
he good-humoredly makes the best of circumstances.
read this — and emulate it if they can.
Why pose as a philosopher?
Though there is doubtless a touch of self-com-
Except so far as a diseased imagination fettered
placency in Rousseau's repeated allusions to his own his free spirit, he was the prince of vagabonds to the
indifference to money, he gave unmistakable proofs end of his days, .“ a chartered libertine.” When at
that the indifference was genuine. It was not that forty he “determined to pass in independence and
he simplified his life in accordance with a theory. poverty the little time that remained to live,” he pro-
His life was naturally simple and his wants few. ceeded to lay aside forever everything that seemed
To borrow Richard Holt Hutton's fine phrase, he to him inconsistent with his chosen manner of
had Wordsworth’s “spiritual frugality.” His pleas- life. As he sold his watch, he exclaimed : “ Thank
ures were for the most part the rudimentary joys of Heaven, I shall never again need to know what time
men, though, being Rousseau and a sentimentalist,
it is !” Of all possible reflections on the occasion,
he made some demands of life that are not rudi-
this is surely the most characteristic of the vagabond
mentary: the perfection of friendship, for example, temper.
CHARLES H. A. WAGER.
to choose an instance that is quite discreet. Through
the whole unhappy story of his relations with men
and women, though it is quite evident that he was a
difficult friend, it is equally evident that he gave a
CASUAL COMMENT.
far greater measure of devotion than he ever re-
FRENCH
OF AMERICAN
ceived ; and late in life we find him, pathetically
PAPERS, of which we have already given a sample
enough, expressing the fear that in making friend-
or two, are not always wholly favorable. M. Emile
ship the idol of his heart, he had spent his life in Deschamps, writing in “La Revue,” stigmatizes our
sacrificing to chimères. Yet
, after all
, the funda- daily press as inferior in literary quality, lacking or-
mental Rousseau is the Rousseau of the following derly arrangement in make-up, and unduly devoted
passage, which describes the beginning of his life to the interests of advertisers and advertisement-
with Thérèse :
readers. Some of his strictures are undeniably
“ If our pleasures could be described, their simplicity wholesome. In France, we are told, writing is an
would make you laugh: our walks together out of town, in
art; but in America people write as they talk.
the course of which I magnificently spent eight or ten sous
at some public house; our little suppers at the casement of
“Style is in disgrace; it is accused of retarding or
my window, seated opposite each other on two little chairs obscuring or wholly masking the thought. Accord-
IMPRESSIONS
NEWS-


286
[May 1,
THE DIAL
ing to the Americans, we Frenchmen waste precious observes the librarian. “Why should it not be
time in word-hunting. Euphony counts for nothing applied in a city's library?” Happy indeed is that
with them; it is not appreciated.” Again, the city whose citizens number such competent critics
higgledy-piggledy arrangement of matter in our as appear to be found in considerable numbers in
newspapers is censured, as it should be. Who has East Orange.
not been driven to the verge of wicked language by
THE DUPLICATION OF BOOK-TITLES has given rise
the difficulty of finding a news item or other article
to some correspondence, aggrieved or expostulatory
that he has reason to believe is somewhere in the
on the one side, and apologetic on the other, in an
paper, or that he has himself already seen and
English literary journal. Canon Vaughan permits
wishes to consult again? The editorials constitute
himself to feel a little injured because Mr. S. C.
about the only matter that one feels reasonably sure
Gayford has written a book and named it “Life
of being able to find readily. “ But these trifling After Death,” regardless of the earlier appearance
items,” continues the critic after some pretty gener- of a work thus entitled from the Canon's pen. Mr.
ous slashing, “are as nothing compared with the
Gayford avers in self-defense that he was utterly
great trashiness of American journalism. Trash
unaware of this earlier book's existence — which
you may find in the newspapers of all countries,
perhaps makes his crime all the blacker in Canon
but in this respect the land of Uncle Sam (and of
the canard) leads all the rest.” However, a word of ingly original title, “ The End of the Middle Age,”
Vaughan's eyes. A recent book bears the not strik-
comfort and of hope is vouchsafed us at the very end.
and Mr. T. Fisher Unwin takes occasion to remind
Journalism is in endless evolution, “and while the
the public, but in no injured tone of voice, that some
French press seems at present to feel the influence
years ago he pnblished a book by Mme. Duclaux
of American exuberance, the American press is here called “The End of the Middle Ages.” It is a
and there developing a tendency to conform to the
puzzling question how far the moral copyright (legal
standards of European Journalism." But the sal-
”
copyright would seem to be out of the question) ought
vation of the newspaper must be sought in raising to extend in protection of exclusive rights to titles.
“the intellectual lever of the public it addresses."
A recent “ Atlantic” article has acquainted us with
the far-sighted self-interest of a successful soap-
A FREE LIBRARY FREELY USED presents an agree-
manufacturer in preëmpting, by legal means, some
able spectacle to gods and men, especially to that hundreds of attractive and desirable names for soap,
portion of the latter who are connected with its thus excluding much dangerous rivalry. Titles for
management. The Free Public Library of East future novels no popular writer has yet seriously
Orange, New Jersey, is conducted on principles of demanded the privilege of appropriating, to the
exceeding liberality, and is used, not abused, by a
embarrassment of his fellow-novelists; and only very
notably large proportion of the denizens of that fair distinctive and original titles could put forth any
city. Some items of significance arrest the eye in
plausible claim for protection. But as
But as books mul.
the library's Sixth Annual Report. Mr. James Duff tiply and the domain of unused names suffers
Brown, the well-known London librarian, recently increasing shrinkage, the question here touched
called attention to the large proportion of book- upon may become something more than a purely
borrowers in East Orange. That proportion last
academic one.
year (excluding “dead registration” and counting THE ADVERTISING OF "FAKE" BOOKS AND BOOK-
only the actual borrowers within the twelve months) SCHEMES is usually done through circulars and the
was nearly one-third of the entire population — a lower order of periodicals; but frequently, we are
fraction far larger than the greater cities can report. sorry to say, it appears in otherwise reputable maga-
,
In freedom of borrowing the East Orangeites are zines. We noted recently in “ Current Literature
unusually favored: with the exception of current a full-page announcement headed, in large type,
fiction, works in special demand, and recent period- “ Stevenson's Complete Works at a Bargain.” The
icals, they are allowed to draw at one time as many phrase " complete works” is repeated several times
books as they wish and to keep them as long as any in the course of the advertisement, and we are told
reasonable person could possibly wish - four weeks, that now for the first time is presented to the count-
with privilege of renewal if not called for by anyone less admirers of Stevenson the opportunity of pos-
else. Even reference books, those fixtures of most sessing his famous works in form worthy of the
library reading-rooms, "may be borrowed for over author's genius." Comparison of the printed list of
night, or over Sunday, as at such times no one is contents with the contents of the authorized copy-
deprived of their use." A telephone inquiry depart-
A telephone inquiry depart right edition of Stevenson issued by the Messrs.
ment, similar to that at Cardiff which we recently Scribner shows that this “complete edition "contains
described, is in successful operation, and has answered in actuality something over half of Stevenson's pub-
questions of an astonishing amplitude of range. Fin- lished writings. In its fraudulent claims this adver-
ally, and this is the most admirable of all, the readers tisement is hardly more than typical of the numerous
themselves do a large part of the book-selecting and announcements of “editions de grande luxe," "pub-
book-reviewing required for intelligent purchase of lishers' remainders,” the “exclusive sale” of some
new works. “Co-operation is the order of the day,” | time-honored plug of the book-jobber, “world's
>
a
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1909.)
287
THE DIAL
a
greatest extracts,” and other literary junk, which “the prettiest Summer resort in Southern California,
confront us shamelessly in many of our prominent just a short ride from Los Angeles," is offered free
magazines. It is not likely that bucket shops, medi. to subscribers to a work“ in thirty-one beautiful vol-
cal “specialists,” lotteries, astrologists, etc., would umes ” in which has been gathered “all that is worth
be permitted by these magazines to prey upon their preserving of the literature, the science and art of
subscribers ; yet the book swindler, no matter how the world”! A work so wonderful would be cheap
barefaced his pretensions, seems never to be barred. at any price — building lot or no building lot.
Perhaps the most effective way of bringing about a
reform would be for reputable book publishers to THE WEAR AND TEAR OF PUBLIC-LIBRARY BOOKS
refuse to advertise in periodicals that lend their pages almost passes belief. For example, the Buffalo lib-
to the exploitation of “fake" book schemes.
rary was obliged last year to withdraw (and, we
infer, replace with new copies) 21,148 volumes, or
A BAR TO ORIGINALITY IN AUTHORSHIP is the
nearly ten per cent of the total number of books in
reading of current fiction. Distinction of style can-
its possession.
It must have been the case with
not thus be cultivated, nor will depth of thought be many of these discarded books that, though too
developed. Mr. John Trevena, the Dartmoor novel- shabby for circulation or even for rebinding, they
ist, whose stories are gaining an international repute, were still readable and in a condition to prove accept-
appears to lead a secluded life in his Dartmoor able gifts to hospitals, asylums, mining camps,
retreat, shunning not only his fellow-workers in lit- prisons, forest-dwellers, sailing-ship crews, night-
erature, but also their literary works. He cannot watchmen, or other persons of enforced leisure and
see how it is possible for a writer to be original if blessed with more appetite for reading than the
he reads the books of the day. He is said to be a wherewithal to satisfy it. The current report of the
good classical scholar, and to have a good classical Minnesota Public Library Commission has a para-
library — which he reads. The newspapers he does graph pertinent to this matter. “ Each year a num-
not disdain, for in them he thinks the life of a coun- ber of lumber camps throughout the state are given
try and real human nature are to be found. The a supply of reading matter. Boxes are filled with
village people about him, too, he studies with care, books which have been withdrawn from the travel-
and no one has depicted the Dartmoor manners and ling libraries for various reasons, and which are in
customs and inhabitants so faithfully. From his readable but short-lived condition, and with popular,
publishers' account of him it appears that “when illustrated magazines from the clearing house. Only
working he often retires to a lonely little cottage on books of live interest are sent, and these are varied
the top of a hill with a fine view of the tors. There to appeal to different tastes. In the past two years
he lives absolutely alone with his dogs, doing his own 36
camps have been supplied, and in this way
478
cooking and housework for nionths together. Often books and 1159 magazines were distributed.” There
he does not speak to anyone for over a week. He are doubtless many neglected opportunities for this
seems to be a source of some terror to the nearest sort of benefaction in both city and country.
village, as the people, who are still superstitious,
regard him as a magician.” Physical frailty as
LINEAR MEASUREMENT APPLIED TO LITERATURE
well as natural inclination seems to have imposed
is something novel and a little amusing. Whether
the simple life on Mr. Trevena, who declares, char-
a certain distinguished man did or did not recently
acteristically : “My aim above all is to preach not
assert that a shelf five feet long would hold all
80 much kindliness as ordinary justice towards
animals ; and to remind men and women that they whether, if he did say this, it was but in a semi-
the books needed to impart a liberal education, or
are animals too.”
jocose mood, is not of supreme importance. That
THE MULTIPLICITY OF BOOK-FAKES ” indicates this casual seed of suggestion should have produced
the continuance of prosperity in those deleterious a crop of world's-best-book-lists from numerous
forms of commercial rather than literary activity. quarters is what might have been expected. The
These schemes are of infinite variety as to form and drawing-up of such a list, ruler in hand, is a rather
method, but are animated by the same spirit — the fascinating exercise, and not the less so that prob-
spirit of fake and humbug. Their dependence is ably no two persons could be found to agree in their
largely upon their boldness. Their credulous victims, choice. Nevertheless the shelf might be filled in
“ fed on boundless hopes ” of stupendous bargain- such wise as to leave no room for criticism. No one
chances special to their case, pay enormous prices for as yet has hit upon the idea, so here it is : Take a
cheap or worthless books, and “spurn the simplermany-volumed edition of Shakespeare -- if one of
fare” offered by the bookstores, where far better the requisite proportions cannot be found, let it be
editions
may be had at a fraction of the “bargain” manufactured — and fill therewith your five-foot
prices. The notorious twenty thousand dollar shelf; and if you have not then five feet of the
swindle perpetrated last year near Chicago heads world's very best literature, what have you, one
the list of these adventures ; but there are others would like to know. And if its faithful perusal does
hardly less barefaced. The latest that has come to not liberalize the mind, the reader must be regarded
our notice is one wherein " a large building lot” in as an all but hopeless case.
a
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288
[May 1,
THE DIAL
a
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6
6
THE FINAL WORD IN LITERARY JOURNALISM is, ment often has to be repeated for the benefit of the
it seems, about to be uttered. A Boston publisher overflow. But we are assured that “it is far more
who (if we may believe his letter-head) is already than a pastime for the hour, and is legitimate library
engaged in issuing no less than six periodicals, de work, which should be greatly extended.” The
voted to such seemingly various yet perhaps not crowded condition of the children's room suggests
wholly unrelated subjects as Inebriety, Bridge the providing of an “intermediate department" for
Whist, Occultism, Abnormal Psychology, and Skat, a somewhat older class of readers, and it is hoped
finds still some spare moments upon his hands, and that the experiment may be tried this year. Note-
these he intends to dedicate to a new “bi-monthly worthy and praiseworthy is the Buffalo children's
magazine of Belles Lettres.”
“ For fifteen years,
appetite for non-fiction, which embraces forty-five
he tells us, “I have watched American magazines per cent of their total book-drawings. This record
particularly literary magazines, and I know what will puts to shame the average book-reading adult.
interest and what will not.” Happy mortal! An-
other paragraph in his announcement outlines this A LITTLE CONFUSION OF NAMES, which annually
gloomy picture of conditions just previous to what recurs at about this season, brings forth with like reg-
in after years will probably be termed the Taxidean ularity the explanation that the Ingersoll lectureship
Americana period of literary journalism : “ There at Harvard on “The Immortality of Man” is not in
is no adequate literary review in the country. “The memory of the late Colonel Robert G. Ingersoll, but
Dial' is the nearest approach, and that is a list too
was founded by Miss Caroline Ingersoll in 1893 in
ponderous. Years
ago there was “The Book Buyer' obedience to the instructions and in the name of her
which was excellent, but that was discontinued ; deceased father, George G. Ingersoll, a Harvard
then there was “The Critic' and · The Bookman,' graduate. The choice of lecturer, not limited to any
neither so interesting as "The Book Buyer' but still one denomination or profession, has already fallen
readable, now they are both general magazines.” on men distinguished in various walks of science and
That “ list too ponderous” is indeed a heavy indict- literature. This year it was the good fortune of
ment, though we confess to some haziness regard those in attendance to hear Mr. G. Lowes Dickinson
ing its exact meaning.
present his views on the general theme—the exact title
of his discourse being, “ Is Immortality Desirable ?”
THRIFTY UTILIZATION OF LITERARY MATERIAL The May number of the " Atlantic" publishes this
is one of Mr. J. M. Barrie's virtues, or vices, as welcome contribution of a scholarly and original
a writer. When an American lady twitted him thinker on a subject of almost universal interest.
recently on his tendency to repeat himself in the
matter of jokes, the novelist-playwright laughed and
AN UP-TO-THE-MINUTE NEWS SERVICE is enjoyed
said his nationality was to blame. “I am a Scot,” by the people of that semi-oriental, one is tempted to
he explained, “and we Scots abhor waste.” He say semi-somnolent, historic old city on the Danube,
then asked his interlocutor if she had ever heard Budapest. The telephone, not the printing-press,
of old Saunders Carlyle, who always drank off his
is made the medium of an almost hourly transmis-
whiskey to the last drop the very instant it was sion of news items, --stock-quotations, weather-
poured out for him. When asked why he gulped forecast, parliamentary doings, closing prices on the
.
it down so greedily, the old man replied that he had exchange, extraordinary events, and so on; while
once had his glass knocked over between the filling toward evening there follows a music programme
and the drinking. An even better illustration of from café or beer-garden, and later the subscriber
thriftiness than Mr. Barrie's could be adduced in can enjoy an opera from the Royal Opera House or
the economical but not exactly close-fisted Yankee
listen to the dialogue of a play that is being pre-
who always took his seat in church near the door,
sented at one of the theatres. And all this the
where the contribution box in its rounds would fortunate Budapest citizen, reclining at ease in
reach him last, his motive being to lose as little in- dressing-gown and slippers, can obtain for about
terest as possible on his donation.
what the rest of the world pays for its daily paper.
There are some things, it appears, that the enter-
BUFFALO'S BOOK-READERS appear to appreciate prising West can still learn from the effete East.
their public library, which even the casual visitor
will remember as one of the best-equipped and most
active in the country. Its energetic work among
COMMUNICATIONS.
young readers, in the children's department and in
the schools, is worthy of notice. The current annual
PENNSYLVANIA HISTORY IN POETRY.
report has three full-page illustrations of some of
(To the Editor of The DIAL.)
our potentially great men and women (scholars,
Mr. Burton E. Stevenson, in a letter printed in The
writers
, scientists
, publicists ) of the future engrossed spired by the civilization of Pennsylvania suitable for
Dial of April 1, says that he knows of no poetry in-
in the absorbing occupation of choosing a book, or
his recently-published anthology entitled “ Poems of
clustering in an eager group over the
open pages of
American History."
a favorite volume. The Saturday morning story Years ago I made a collection of historical poems
hour is reported to be so popular that the entertain- from which, from time to time, either by request or other-


1909.]
289
THE DIAL
66
wise, I have sent selections to compilers of various anthol- Fitz Greene Halleck also wrote a poem on Wyoming,
ogies. It would have given me pleasure to forward to several of his lines showing that there was a greater
Mr. Stevenson, along with
other poems relating to the familiarity with Campbell's poem in New York in the
history of New Jersey and Pennsylvania and several ref- nineteenth century than there would appear to be in
erences to certain private and printed collections, which Ohio in the twentieth, for Halleck says:
I sent him, a clue to a number of poems by poets of wide "Nature hath made thee lovelier than the power
fame called forth by the civilization of Pennsylvania. Even of Campbell's pen hath pictured.”
Whether these poems would have proved suitable for Byron in “Don Juan ” gives two stanzas to the Penn-
his collection would depend I think upon the compiler's sylvania poem, but there is no extract from either the
willingness to throw open that closed shutter of the mind English poem or the American poem in “ Poems of
which should have looked out upon the broad field of American History.”
Pennsylvania history. It would be strange indeed if Thomas Moore left as a record of his life in Phila-
the colony and commonwealth which led the way in the delphia, where tradition says he occupied a cottage on
great changes of the criminal law, in religious tolera- the banks of the Schuylkill, a poem which for its bear-
tion, in the founding of charities and the human uplift ing upon social and literary history was as much entitled
in so many directions, which early became the American to a place in Mr. Stevenson's book as was Halleck's
centre of literature, law, medicine, and science, and tribute to Drake or many another included in the an-
within whose borders are the birthplace of the Declara- thology.
tion of Independence and the Constitution, Valley Forge Of the many historical poems relating to Pennsylvania
and the battlefields of Brandywine, Germantown, and only a very few, and most of these of minor historical
Gettysburg, had called forth no poetry suitable for an significance, are to be found in “Poems of American
anthology of historical poems.
History.” Buchanan Read's “ The Treaty Elm,” cele-
The internal evidence supplied by Mr. Stevenson's brating Penn's famous treaty with the Indians, "the
compilation itself raises a doubt as to whether his plea of treaty never sworn to and never broken,” is missing. So
unfamiliarity with the poetry relating to Pennsylvania is the same author's spirited description of the cele-
is entirely frank. Can it be possible, for instance, that brated “ Meschianza,” the entertainment given in Phil-
he did not know of Wordworth's sonnets upon the adelphia during the British occupation, for which Major
founding of the Episcopacy in the American branch of Andre acted as a designer. Absent, too, is any extract
the Church of England and their tribute to Bishop White from George H. Boker's patriotic poem delivered before
of Pennsylvania, “ the Saintly White,” Wordsworth the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard in 1865. Bayard
calls him? The figure of Bishop White is a large one Taylor's poem on the battle of Brandywine is missing.
in the religious history of America. The founding of A half dozen poems on Bennington are given, but there
the Episcopacy was an important historical event, and is room for only one relating to that spot of holy ground
as a poet Wordsworth seems to meet with Mr. Steven- of which the orator said " Lips in every language have
son's partial approval. For, though these interesting lisped the name of Valley Forge."
sonnets are missing from his book, the accompanying From the fields of his local preference Mr. Stevenson
sonnets by the same poet, printed side by side with them has garnered with care and enthusiasm. He appears to
in the poet's works, but relating to the New England have rushed through Pennsylvania history in an auto-
section of the country, of which the compiler is a native, mobile driven beyond the speed limit, seeing little beyond
are present. It is difficult to reach any other conclusion his own roadway.
than that Mr. Stevenson chose the one set of Words- Mr. Stevenson's suggestion that Whittier's poem
worth's sonnets and rejected the other set, and his plea “ The Pennsylvania Pilgrim” was too long for his pur-
of unfamiliarity, therefore, would seem to fall to the pose is not warranted by the brevity of the lofty address
ground.
to posterity by Francis Daniel Pastorius written in 1688,
There is another sonnet by Wordsworth addressed which consists of twenty-three lines. Whittier's poem
“To the Pennsylvanias.” It mingles praise of Penn readily lends itself to the making of such extracts as the
and the early times with censure of the financial straits compiler took from long New England poems. More-
in which Pennsylvania found herself for a period in the over, Whittier wrote many short poems inspired by
first half of the nineteenth century because of her en- Pennsylvania civilization. One of the best of them, one
thusiasm in making canals and other internal improve- of the best short poems the Quaker poet ever wrote, is
ments. The historical significance of the sonnet is too his “Hymn of the Dunkers,” in which, while historical
important to be ignored. Although Mr. Stevenson dis- fact is reflected in verse with unusual art, the poet made
claims familiarity with it, I think he is entitled to the unwitting return for the service rendered by one of the
benefit of the doubt.
Brethren to the Continental Congress in translating at
When Joseph Priestly, the discoverer of oxygen, in their request the Declaration of Independence into most
the year 1794 sought refuge in Pennsylvania from the of the languages of Europe.
violence of an intolerant English mob, which had pil- Charles Godfrey Leland of Philadelphia says that his
laged his house and scattered his scientific apparatus, inimitable creation, “ Hans Breitmann," was suggested
another famous English poet, Coleridge, addressed him by a trooper of a Pennsylvania cavalry regiment. In the
a sonnet inspired by Priestly's expatriation. It might Breitmann ballads Leland preserved with humor, phil-
be thought that this sonnet would have interested a osophy, learning, and spirit an interesting phase of civil
native of New England because of Dr. Priestly's promi- war life. The reader not unnaturally asks, why is then
nence as a Unitarian, if for no other reason.
given the ballad about Dawes and nothing from Breit-
The Wyoming Massacre inspired still another English mann? If we assume that Mr. Stevenson's book has
poet, Thomas Campbell, to write “Gertrude of Wyo- some other purpose than that implied by the title, even
ming,” inaccurate as to its ornithology and in some other if his compilation were primarily intended for use in
respects, but sufficiently accurate in the spirit of its schools such purpose makes even more noticeable the
description of the actual massacre. The American poet omission of Leland's poem beginning:


290
[May 1,
THE DIAL
..
a
а
One day when I was on the march
In eighteen hundred and sixty-three,
The New Books.
The very day when General Meade
Was driving General Lee
Before him out of Maryland.”
THE CARLYLE-WELSH LOVE-LETTERS.*
The
poem
describes Leland's visit, while on the march
from Gettysburg, to an empty schoolhouse, where a Con-
In view of Carlyle's vehemently expressed
federate on the advance into Pennsylvania, had written desire that the sanctities of his domestic life
a boasting sentence upon the blackboard. Under it should never be profaned by biographer's pen,
Leland inscribed a witty Latin phrase, and
it is a curious freak of destiny that has caused
No doubt it pleased the schoolmaster
his marital relations and all his home privacies
When he returned again."
This poem would seem to be one of special interest to to be more minutely and relentlessly pried into
young people still engaged in school work.
and laid open and publicly discussed than those
Mr. Stevenson's explanation of certain irregularities of almost any other famous personage in the
in his book does not call for extended comment. The
term “ Federals” was applied to the Northern troops by
world's history. And in all this peeking and
the Southern people and their European friends. The prying and gossiping there has necessarily been
Northern soldiers were fighting for the preservation of
more than a little of misrepresentation, of innu-
the union; they called themselves Union soldiers, and endo, and even of scandal, until by this time
they have not since ceased to prefer the term chosen by
the public ought to be in that reactionary mood
themselves to the one conferred upon them by their
opponents. The citation of authority for the errors of
which will make acceptable and easily credible
the note upon the ballad, “ Keenan's Charge,” will not
a saner, soberer, less sensationally dramatic
greatly impress anyone familiar with Civil War history. presentment of the gifted dyspeptic and his
As has been indicated, an anthology of bulk and talented wife in their mutual relations and their
poetic excellence could readily be compiled from the
daily life.
historical poems inspired by Pennsylvania civilization
said by Mr. Stevenson to be unknown to him.
It is largely in the hope of righting past
Isaac R. PENNYPACKER. wrongs — wrongs that he lays primarily at the
Haddonfield, N. J., April 20, 1909.
door of Carlyle's biographer - that Mr. Alex-
ander Carlyle now publishes, in approximate
completeness, “The Love Letters of Thomas
EDUCATION AND THE STATE.
Carlyle and Jane Welsh,” in two volumes uni-
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
form with the “ New Letters,” which he has
Your discussion of “Home Rule and Public Educa- already edited from the pens of both. Of this
tion,” in THE DIAL of April 16, is an interesting and
hopeful sign of these entirely too material times. When
pre-matrimonial correspondence, which Carlyle
you say that it has been the recognized duty of the expressly wished to remain unpublished, the
State to see that the means of education are provided editor writes in his preface : “ The holy of
for its youthful citizens,” you state what cannot be suc- holies having been sacrilegiously forced, dese-
cessfully controverted. But if you were to add that this crated, and polluted, and its sacred relics de-
“ recognized duty” has always been religiously dis-
faced, besmirched, and held up to ridicule, any
charged, you would find a large army of dissenters.
The truth of the matter is that the “duty” has been too
further intrusion therein — for the purpose of
often transferred to “ the local community," and this, in cleansing and admitting the purifying air and
turn, refuses “ the needed financial support.”. While light of heaven can now be attended, in the
the principle is well fixed in our American institutions, long run, by nothing but good results."
His
its practical workings have not met the expectations of
those who firmly adhere to the belief that, in a repre-
present task, therefore, is but a continuation
sentative government, the only true education is that and, one may hope, a completion of what was
which is furnished by the State. All others are par- begun in the earlier publication of the carefully
tial, one-sided, and incomplete. So, when you assert annotated “New Letters," — the correcting,
that “education is the function of the State, not of the
county, or town, because it is a matter too essential to
namely, of false reports, and the silencing of
the common welfare to be left to the caprice of the
mischievous gossip. In characteristic style he
locality,” I feel like exclaiming: Amen and Amen! For
vents a little of his bottled-up wrath upon poor
in that you have stated what ought to be conceded uni- Froude and his unspeakable Froudacities. To
versally, but which many well-meaning citizens have yet
some of us in whose veins there runs no drop
to appreciate. Nevertheless, the emphasis which you
give to public education as a State function is well put
of Carlyle blood it almost seems as if that
and is greatly needed in this country at this very moment. strangely irresponsible but highly entertaining,
As a school officer, I have seen the need of constant even inspiring, writer of biography and history
repetition of this important and valuable truth. Indeed, had already been sufficiently castigated for his
it cannot be brought home to the individual and the
community too often.
9
66
* THE LOVE-LETTERS OF THOMAS CARLYLE AND JANE WELSH.
DUANE MOWRY.
Edited by Alexander Carlyle, M.A. In two volumes. Illustrated.
Milwaukee, Wis., April 23, 1909.
New York: John Lane Co.


1909.]
291
THE DIAL
:
sins and might by this time be suffered to rest that is not easily ruffled. His letter begins as
in peace as the helpless victim of unaccountable follows:
prepossessions and fixed ideas.
“I have read your Letter over and over; and ad-
Let us now dip into the letters themselves mired the talent displayed in it not a little. I have a
and allow them to tell their own story. Only
small, exceedingly small vein of satire myself: but there
four days after his first call, under Irving's fend me in the present instance: you know well enough
is no need to conjecture whether it would serve to de-
escort, on Mrs. Welsh and her daughter at I dare not try. It was once reckoned generous, I be-
Haddington, young Carlyle wrote his opening lieve, to crush the haughty, but spare those who cannot
letter, in semi-sentimental vein, to the owner of
resist'; – however I do not complain. This conflict of
the bright eyes that seem to have pierced his
sarcasms can hardly gratify or punish any very noble
feeling in either you or me; and I am content to have
armor at the very first glance. Amorous impet-
my vanity humbled since you wish it so."
uosity on his part, and maidenly reserve amount-
Pass on now to a date less than two years
ing even to coldness and severity on hers, are,
later, and mark the tone in which the once
naturally enough, plainly in evidence in the first
few letters. But the suitor was not so blinded haughtily reserved damsel meets her wooer's
advances. The letter is dated “ Hell (meaning
by his passion as to fail to perceive that a
woman's No is not always to be literally inter- Templand, the home of the writer's maternal
woman's No is not always to be literally inter- grandfather), 19th August (1823}," and begins
)
preted. Chilly silence and harsh rebuffs did not
in this delightfully cordial fashion :
discourage him ; and before the first eighteen
months of the five years' wooing were over, the
“ Your last Letter was especially welcome: it came
in a lucky moment. I had just been (or fancied I had
two had arrived at a more than friendly footing, been) most barbarously dealt with, and was ready to
and thenceforward there was little but smooth-hang or drown myself in good earnest; but the sight of
ness to the course of their true love. A few your handwriting can cheat me out of ill-humour at any
sentences from Miss Welsh's third letter must
time; it always presents so many delightful images, and
here be quoted. After thanking her corre-
excites so many delightful expectations! Oh, you have
no notion how great a blessing our correspondence is to
spondent for a book he had sent her, the writer me! When I am vexed, I write my grievances to you;
proceeds:
and the assurance I have that your next Letter will bring
“I have moreover read your Letter. For it I do not
me consolation, already consoles me. And then, when
thank you. It afforded me neither pleasure nor amuse-
your Letter comes — when it repeats to me that One
ment. Indeed, my Friend, this Letter of yours has, to
in the world loves me will love me ever, ever,-
- and
my mind, more than one fault. I do not allude to its
tells me more boldly than Hope, that my future may yet
being egotistical. To speak of oneself is, they say, a
be glorious and happy, there is no obstacle I do not feel
privilege of Friendship. . . . But there is about it an
prepared to meet and conquer. I owe you much! feel-
air of levity which I dislike; which seems to me to form
ings and sentiments that ennoble my character, that
In
an unnatural union with the other qualities of your head
give dignity, interest and enjoyment to my life.
and heart, and to be ill-timed in treating of a subject to
return, I can only love you, and that I do, from the
you the most important of all subjects — your own
bottom of
my
heart."
Destiny. Besides this there is about your Letter a To balance this extract a paragraph must be
mystery which I detest. It is so full of meaning words
underlined; meaning sentences half-finished; meaning quoted from Carlyle's last letter to Miss Welsh
blanks with notes of admiration; and meaning quotations
The first sentence, as a footnote explains, has a
from foreign languages, that really in this abundance of
double allusion, — first, to Swift's article en-
meaning it seems to indicate, I am somewhat at a loss titled “ The last Speech and dying Words of
to discover what you would be at. I know how you will Ebenezer Elliston,” and, secondly, to the old
excuse yourself on this score: You will say that you ballad called " The Unfortunate Miss Bailey."
knew my Mother would see your Letter; and that, of
course, you cared not to what difficulties l'as Interpreter This, then, is the self-congratulatory tone in
might be subjected, so that you got your feelings toward
which the soon-to-be-married man begins :
me expressed. Now Sir, once for all, I beg you to
“ • The Last Speech and marrying words of that un-
understand that I dislike as much as my Mother dis-
fortunate young woman Jane Baillie Welsh,' I received
approves your somewhat too ardent expressions of
on Friday morning; and truly a most delightful and
Friendship towards me; and that if you cannot write swan-like melody was in them; a tenderness and warm
to me as to a man who feels a deep interest in your devoted trust, worthy of such a maiden bidding farewell
welfare, who admires your talents, respects your virtues, to the (unmarried) Earth, of which she was the fairest
and for the sake of these has often, — perhaps too often, ornament. Dear little Child! How is it that I have
overlooked your faults; if you cannot write to me as
deserved thee; deserved a purer and nobler heart than
if — as if you were married, you need never waste ink falls to the lot of millions? I swear I will love thee
or paper on me more."
with my whole heart, and think my life well spent if it
Let us now see in what temper the rebuked can make thine happy."
lover replies to this. He shows himself pos- Where, all this time, some may ask, has
sessed of a certain self-respecting good-nature Edward Irving been keeping himself, and what
a


292
[May 1,
THE DIAL
are his feelings for Miss Welsh and hers for him The two volumes contain one hundred and
throughout this courtship? It will surprise seventy-six letters and ninety pages of appended
most readers to be assured by the editor that, as matter, including seventeen poems, chiefly by
to any alleged attachment between the young “T. C.” and “ J. W.” Especially interesting
lady and her former teacher, there is, in collo- is it to note the early appearance and the increas-
quial phrase, “ nothing in it." And in Appendix ing prominence of those distinctive features that
B, Note Three, twenty-five pages of fine print place the letters of both Carlyle and his wife
are devoted to demolishing the Irving-Welsh among the very best that literature contains.
love legend. A pre-Carlylean love affair there No uncertain or tedious scrawl ever comes from
does appear to have been ; but the object of their pens; but from the first they write with
Jane's girlish affection was not Irving, but one a mastery of their medium, a command of vigor-
George Rennie, who, manifestly unworthy of, ous and vivid English, that is a source of unfail-
and perhaps unconscious of, the young maiden's
maiden's | ing delight.
ing delight. The many illustrations and the
favor, took himself unceremoniously off the scene abundant footnotes and full index are all that
and became lost to fame. Irving seems to have one could desire for so important a work. If
cherished an elder brotherly regard for his the last word has not now been said on the
former pupil, and to have been interested, as a relations of Mr. and Mrs. Carlyle to each other,
minister of religion, in her soul's welfare ; but the fault is not Mr. Alexander Carlyle's.
the evidence adduced by the editor certainly
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
undermines the romantic fable of the insuper-
able obstacle (in the shape of the woman Irving
eventually did marry) to the union of two break-
ing hearts. Proof is offered, from Mrs. Oli-
PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY.*
phant's pen, of the entire harmony and happiness How shall a knowledge of our mental nature
prevailing in Mr. and Mrs. Irving's relations to contribute to the efficiency and worth of the life
each other. But who can read a woman's
of high purpose which our ideals commend ?
heart? Whether Jane Welsh ever felt senti- That is the dominant, though not the exclusive,
mentally inclined toward her talented and attrac- problem of applied psychology. The parallelism
.
tive teacher — - and such a feeling would have of the two streams of human interest thus sug-
been no more than natural, perhaps almost gested is historically and actually more conspic-
inevitable at her age and in her seclusion from uous than their bond of connection; and the
much other society — or, indeed, whether Irving
manner of portraying this underlying affiliation
ever conceived a tender affection for his pupil, commits the psychologist to a fundamental
a
who at their first meeting was little more than aspect of his profession. The issue appears in
half his age, no one can now pronounce with every field of human endeavor in which the
certainty ; nor does it much matter how the case
commendable is to be separated from the unde-
stood. There is at most but very slight foun- sirable, the socially fit from the socially unfit.
dation for the elaborate superstructure that has Morality, education, hygiene, art, literature, and
been built up concerning these two and their religion, the industrial pursuits and the political
alleged desperate fondness for each other.
welfare, are affected by the trend and temper of
To an impartial reader these love letters the attitude that is reached and made effective.
must strengthen the impression already pro- The result becomes the contribution of psy-
duced by the post-nuptial correspondence of chology to the philosophy of life.
their writers,—an impression of a deep and last- No more concrete and valuable application of
ing attachment between two somewhat similarly the larger problem appears on the vista of our
gifted, and perhaps for that reason somewhat
present interests than that which affects the atti-
mutually incompatible, natures. A more pla- tude toward the maintenance of human health, ,
cidly humdrum domestic existence would un- which means sanity; and Professor Münster-
doubtedly have been theirs if each had chosen berg's book entitled “Psychotherapy” finds its
a mate constitutionally adapted to undergo, with significance as a worthy and wholesome influ-
out irritant friction, daily contact with his or her ence to this end. The term “psychothera-
angularities and asperities. But in a world of peutics” has found popular currency, but the
only approximately perfect adjustments theirs meaning that we attach to it makes of it either
is to be regarded a
as a far from unhappy union, dross or gold. The genuine and the counterfeit
and one whose history mankind will long take
* PSYCHOTHERAPY. By Hugo Münsterberg, Professor of Psy.
pleasure in reading.
chology in Harvard University. New York: Moffat, Yard & Co.
-


1909.]
293
THE DIAL
a
circulate with almost equal acceptance; and it irritably asks why the body should be com-
is the business of those professing some expert- plicated by a mind, and the other's disdain
ness in this complex field to furnish the ready cannot understand why the mind should be
means for their intelligent discrimination. It handicapped with a body. The modern varieties
is far more important that this shall be done, of the latter type of ignoring the obvious has
than that we shall at once reach a consensus in certainly led to the most elaborate nonsense to
regard to how it shall be done, or whose busi- which practically-minded individuals ever sacri-
ness primarily it is to do it. Professor Mün- ficed time or dollars. The former is a much
sterberg's contribution consists of three logically more modest prejudice, an uneasiness in the
arranged steps: the first setting forth the man- presence of mental symptoms and mental
ner of connection between the doctrines and methods of treatment, as of things irregular,
findings of psychology and the utilization of untrustworthy, and obscure. To the one, mind
the mental influences in the relief of disabilities can move mountains ; and the other tries this
and impediments ; the second furnishing some motive power only with hesitation and reserva-
living pictures of these influences in action; the tion on mole hills. The rational use of mental
third presenting the manner in which principle influences on the ills that flesh — or is is mind ?
and procedure affect the interests of the physi- is heir to is neither a miracle nor a revelation.
cian, the minister, the psychologist, and the It is a legitimate outcome of legitimate study;
public.
and it is high time that in the judgment of
It may be questioned whether the layman (to fair-minded men, the bar sinister of its ancient
whom the volume is addressed) will derive any pedigree (and may one add, of its bastard
very direct benefit from the reading of the in- descendants ?) should be ignored. The grudg-
troductory presentation; and he has the author's ing scepticism of the physician is as misplaced,
frank permission to skip it. Yet even if he though very differently motived, as the uncrit-
reads casually, he is likely to gather that the ical propagandism of the drugless, matterless,
determination of the relations of body and mind bodyless healers.
is a very intricate and evasive task, - an impres- It is not necessary for those who endorse
sion that may render him less susceptible if not Professor Münsterberg's intermediary point of
wholly immune to the assertive and aggressive view, to endorse even this in its details, or to
advances of the impatient practitioner of what- have an opinion favorable or otherwise upon his
ever “ism ” or “pathy." The central theme
”
own treatment of his own cases.
that the causal point of view — which is psy- thetically inclined, they will recognize that as a
chology's along with her sister sciences — must professor of psychology, who is also by training
be held apart from the purposive, which is the a doctor of medicine but not a practitioner, he
attitude of ethics, religion, and the ideals of life, has been willing to bend his interests and his
commands consent but not conviction. And as expertness to the relief of some selected cases.
the reader becomes interested in the account of There is no obligation or intent to convert the
cases cured, the manner of their treatment, and psychological laboratory into a clinic ; and the
in the practical bearings of this therapy in the recorded opinion of the volume is against such
actual situations of life, he cannot see that these procedure. The position consistently adhered
appear more comprehensive to his understanding to is that the field of practice belongs by war-
from any belief or scepticism of the aforesaid rant of training and profession to the medical
principles. Indeed, the whole may be read as man; and that the psychologist, like the minis-
in apologia for the author's former disavowal ter, is a coadjutor,—though summoned for very
that psychology has much of a message for edu- different reasons and occasions. The evidence
cation or the practical arts of life.
that psychic measures are effective in the treat-
To achieve a rational attitude toward the ment of disease is extensive and convincing.
psychic ministrations of a mind diseased seems That it is particularly effective in that inesti-
no easy matter, so entangled is the subject with mably vast and important mass of disabilities,
prejudices, dubious practices, and theories which inefficiencies, and impediments of mental origin,
are not dubious but conspicuously perverted. that wreck as many lives and cause as much
This is the field in which materialism (a term havoc and agony as the minor ravages of
by which to condemn) and idealism (an epithet microbes. or the obvious crippling of detectable
of disparagement) seem determined to quarrel injury, is equally clearly spread upon the min-
at every encounter, when indeed they can be utes of every observing physician's case-book.
persuaded to enter a common arena.
Accepting its utility and wise applicability, we
If sympa-
-
The one


294
[May 1,
THE DIAL
;
are prepared to find a modus vivendi for its taken in vain in support of measures which she
step-by-step introduction into the practical con- knows not of; and because the practical desire
cerns of modern life.
to shake off this mortal coil of pain and disa-
On the medical side the moral is obvious.bility is amongst the most urgent of all motives
The psychologist, if his interests do not happen for the study of mind and the things of earth and
to turn him that way, need not be a practitioner; heaven, that the right understanding of the rela-
but the practitioner should be something of a tions of psychology and healing becomes a matter
psychologist. And, moreover, he should be just of public concern. The dominant temper and
that kind of psychologist who has an insight into central bearing of Professor Münsterberg's work
the minor psychic failings of a complex but very
is a contribution to that desirable end.
prevalent humanity. He may, if he is crowded
JOSEPH JASTROW.
in his preparation, know only enough of insanity
and the larger abnormalities to recognize them,
and turn them over to a proper specialist ; but
LORENZO THE MAGNIFICENT, AND
the lesser disabilities, like the poor, he will
HIS TIME.*
always have with him. If he wishes to serve
Lorenzo de Medici has been so favorite a topic
his patients with the full equipment of modern
resources, his quiver should be as well provided with writers of both history and literature, that a
with psychic shafts as with the keen-cutting or
new work on the subject must lay claim to some
Mr.
drugged points of his ominous black bag. For special merit to justify its appearance.
the parties of the other part argument will avail Horsburgh fully meets this condition ; his life
little. Psychology is as hopeless to provide an
of Lorenzo the Magnificent occupies a very
antidote for quacks as for their dupes; and few unique position, and deserves a hearty welcome
of either kidney present themselves without a
not only from the general student of the Italian
letter of recommendation, which they have some-
Renaissance but from the specialist in Floren-
how extracted (or forged) from that abused and
tine history as well. Of the previous literature
complacent scion of learning. But a word must
on the subject, only three works can lay claim
be said in regard to an alliance of most worthy Reumont's elaborate work, and Armstrong's
to adequate treatment — Roscoe's life, Von
intent, now incorporated in what is known as
the Emmanuel movement." At best this is monograph. Roscoe's book, written nearly a
but a passing phase of a larger interest. Other century ago, is obviously not abreast of modern
and better modes of providing for this service scholarship; Von Reumont's work, though based
are certain to be developed. Professor Mün-
on diligent study and careful research, is de-
sterberg takes the commendable position that signed rather for reference than for general
the minister's mode of appeal should be utilized reading, while the English version is written in
with discretion when it is needed as a therapeu-
such a style as to make consecutive reading im-
tic aid ; but that the latter's usurpation of the possible ; Armstrong's scholarly work is ideal
medical man's function is unwise, is dangerous,
as far as it goes, but it makes no attempt to
and cannot be supported by the arguments that portray all the phases of Lorenzo's many-sided
enforce the psychologist's coöperation and
activities.
guidance.
Even the briefest perusal of Mr. Horsburgh's
But physician, minister, and psychologist work, discloses a ripe scholarship combined with
alike, directly or indirectly, have an obligation
a high degree of appreciation of the requirements
to serve the sanity of the community; and a
of his task. Within the compass of five hun-
right and rational understanding of what psy-
dred pages he has given us a complete portrai-
chology means, and what the psychologist's pur- has also sketched a vivid picture of Florentine
ture of his hero from every point of view, and
poses are, is as essential to these professions as
it is to the integrity of just those phases of the history during the fifteenth century. Lorenzo as
public sanity that are to-day most affected by statesman, diplomatist, patron of art and letters,
pseudo-scientific folderol about the subconscious
humanist, author, - every side of this marvel- .
mind, and psychic waves, and new thought, and
lous man receives adequate and in some cases
other disguise of old superstition. It is, in brief, original treatment.
because psychology desires to minister to prac-
Mr. Horsburgh is frankly an admirer of
tical needs, and is in a position to perform a
Lorenzo, and is anxious to present his hero in
modest service; and because, whether willing or
unwilling, psychology is certain to have her name
a Lo
* LORENZO THE MAGNIFICENT, and Florence in her Golden
Age. By E. L. S. Horsburgh, B.A. New York: G. P. Putnam's
Sons.


1909.]
295
THE DIAL
the best possible light; in fact, one might almost system of government. The most damaging of
consider his work an apology for the whole these accusations is the alleged appropriation of
Medician régime. This attitude, a result of public funds for private uses. Mr. Horsburgh
sympathetic appreciation, rather than strict his rightly considers this the crux of the whole
torical criticism, appears most prominently in question ; if he can explain away this charge,
the chapters on Lorenzo's methods of govern- the rehabilitation of Lorenzo will be complete.
ment. The author rejects absolutely the view
.
After emphasizing again the desire of the
that Lorenzo was a cold and calculating tyrant Florentines to enjoy all the luxury and advan-
who had deliberately set himself to destroy tage of a monarchy without paying for it, and
the liberties of a free republic. Lorenzo, he without providing the machinery for its main-
declares, was invested with his power by the tenance, he adds :
voluntary act of the ruling class of Florentine “ In modern monarchies, a Civil List, amply sufficient
citizens; he slipped naturally into the place for the dignity and needs of the monarch, is provided
at the expense of the public revenue. In Florence,
prepared for him by his grandfather, Cosimo.
Lorenzo's anomalous position as a private citizen, some-
Moreover, no other course was left open to him ;
how invested with the dignity of Head of the State,
such was his wealth, his influence, and his repu- produced a corresponding financial anomaly. In all
a
tation, that if he was to be a public man he must State ceremonial he was required to take the lead. He
be first or nowhere : the Medici once removed, was expected, as a matter of course, to entertain splen-
the rule of the Albizzi or Pazzi would inevitably didly royal or distinguished visitors who came to Flor-
ence for their pleasure or diplomatic business. No
follow. The Florentines, thinks Mr. Hors-
allowances from the public funds were made to him for
burgh, had not only lost their capacity of self- these purposes. It was at his own expense that he was
government, but a thorough-going republican required to perform absolutely necessary public services.
régime would have been a fatal anachronism.
When, therefore, he struck a balance between what the
State owed to him, and what he owed to the State, it
Florence was surrounded by a cordon of unscru-
was not unnatural that he should conclude that the debt
pulous and grasping neighbors, and an abso- was not all on one side; that if there was little discrim-
lutism in some form must stand between her ination on the one part there need not be very much
and destruction. Hence in the establishment discrimination on the other. The fact is that Lorenzo
of his personal government Lorenzo has ample and standards of to-day that we almost instinctively
is so modern, he is so nearly in touch with the thought
justification on the grounds both of practical judge him from the point of view of to-day. We apply
necessity and patriotic duty. While advancing to him an ideal of conduct which we should never dream
the fortunes of his own house, he was performing of applying to Tudors, or even to Bourbons.
,
an inestimable service to the State as well.
Critics of Lorenzo are constantly forgetful of the con-
ditions of government and life which existed in his day.
Assuming, then, that the government of the
It is the highest testimony to the real greatness of
Medici was a logical necessity, the author goes Lorenzo that he should be so judged -- that we are not
on to show how well Lorenzo acquitted himself content to palliate in him faults which in other rulers
of his task. And in truth the problems to be of the time we readily condone. Lorenzo is one of the
faced were no easy ones.
The Florentines
few men in history for whom the world has never been
ready to admit the extenuating plea of circumstances
must be accustomed to a veiled despotism while
and environment. It is instinctively felt that he had
their vanity was to be flattered by all the exter- the higher light, and that where he sinned, he sinned
nal trappings of republicanism. Florence must against that light.”
wax powerful and prosperous by the mainten- It would be an injustice to Mr. Horsburgh to
nance of a nicely adjusted balance of power limit this brief review to those portions of his
within Italy, and above all no pretext must be work dealing with Lorenzo's government. Other
given for foreign interventions from beyond the chapters, though less original in treatment, are
,
Alps. These were but a few of the many diffi- extremely interesting. The section devoted to
culties which Lorenzo met and overcame. the Pazzi conspiracy — that all but successful
It is entirely beside the mark to upbraid attempt of the disgruntled Pazzi nobles, abetted
Lorenzo with sordid manipulation of political by Pope Sixtus IV., to assassinate Lorenzo and
machinery or unblushing bestowal of state his brother in the Duomo of Florence – reads
offices, of finesse and corruption. Such things more like a romance than sober history. The
were the inevitable result of Lorenzo's anom- chapter describing Lorenzo's last days also has
alous position, of trying to maintain the delusion a distinct historical value. Mr. Horsburgh
of freedom while exercising the powers of an rightly rejects the traditional account found in
autocrat. With the aid of these considerations, most of the biographies of Savonarola, that
the author boldly grapples with the various Lorenzo died unshriven owing to the impossible
charges that have been made against Lorenzo's conditions imposed by the uncompromising
a
-


296
[May 1,
THE DIAL
a
a
-
a
Dominican monk. The last hours of the great again find something of that which they enjoyed
Medici were spent with his friends Poliziano a long time ago.
and Pico della Mirandola, and he passed away
“The Blue Bird” is certainly a very charming
in the bosom of the Church.
piece. I do not know whether it has been acted,
Mr. Horsburgh's work is a distinct contribu- or if so how it succeeded upon the stage, but
tion to Italian literature and humanism, as well certainly as we have it in the book (excellently
as to Florentine history. After briefly but translated by Mr. de Mattos, as are many other
clearly indicating Lorenzo's relation to the of Maeterlinck's books), it makes as real and as
Renaissance, the author devotes some sixty intense an impression as did any of M. Maeter-
,
pages to Lorenzo as poet and writer. At first linck's earlier successes.
It is true it appears
sight it would seem as if Mr. Horsburgh could to us under the guise of a slight, a trivial piece,
glean but little after so full a harvest had been a fairy play, something perhaps for the children
reaped by such specialists as Symonds and at Christmas-time. But of course we understand
Gaspary; but here again a well-worn sub that a man need not become serious, need not be
enlivened by distinct originality of treatment. in deadly earnest,
in order to do something worth
The sonnets, lyrics, miracle plays, dance songs, doing . “ Peter Pan,” for instance, is a slight
the Canti Carnascialeschi, are all passed in child's play, but it misses only by a little being
review. And in his analysis and appreciation a very wonderful and beautiful piece. And so,
of Lorenzo's prose commentary to his sonnets, on the other hand, many plays much more serious
and the satirical poem of Nencia da Barberino, and much more important in form and topic than
Mr. Horsburgh has rendered the student of “ Peter Pan” or “ The Blue Bird ” become, with
Italian literature a genuine service ; as ar all their serious importance, things that nobody
as I am aware, the Commentario has never can bear to see or read a second time perhaps
before received treatment commensurate with not even a first.
its importance.
Of course a fairy play is rather after our
One lays down the work of Mr. Horsburgh earlier idea of M. Maeterlinck, — not that his
with a feeling that one has read a book distinctly earlier plays were fairy plays, but they had
worth while. Had the author made his work a certain independence of ordinary conditions
a little less popular in tone, and supplied it with (most of them) that was much the same thing.
critical footnotes, citations from contemporary A fairy play will permit all sorts of dramatic
authorities, and voluminous appendices, it might conveniences, but then so did many of M. Maeter-
,
not fear comparison with such classics in their linck's earlier plays. This play, however, is freer
field as Villari's biographies of Savonarola and than were they ; M. Maeterlinck perhaps has
Machiavelli. But the general reader will not not in mind so much of dramatic theory as in
regret the absence of this critical apparatus, earlier days. It is also fuller of thought, perhaps
especially as its place is taken by a series of because, not having certain definite ideas to
,
excellent illustrations drawn from the Florentine express, M. Maeterlinck is the better able to
art of the period.
P. A. MARTIN.
express the wealth of ideas on things in general
which the last few years have brought him.
Certainly the main idea is not profound.
Two children are sent by the Fairy Bérylune
THE SEARCH FOR WHAT IS CLOSE
AT HAND. *
to search for the Blue Bird which her little
Many who have got away from M. Maeterlinck
daughter wants. They seek in all manner of
in the last few years, or from whom he has got in their own backyard. It is not on any such
strange places and return to find the Blue Bird
away, will be glad to get back to him by way of
6. The Blue Bird.” There were those who had
main idea (how often has that particular one
read with a curious delight the strange little
been presented to us) that the play depends, but
early pieces, the romantic dream-fantasias like
on the opportunity which such a theme gives the
“Pělléas et Mélisande,” and the more definite analogies. The children start off accompanied
author for suggestive and subtle remarks and
adventure of “ Monna Vanna," who did not
readily follow him in his studies on bees and
by the Dog and the Cat, by Bread and Sugar,
and by Light. It is very possible, of course,
flowers, or on social justice and social reform.
that with a heavier hand all this would simply
Here, however, the merely light-minded will
be conventional and stupid; but with M.
Maeterlinck it is full of genius, evinced in the
Maeterlinck.
first frantic leaps and jumps of the Dog, and
a
THE BLUE BIRD. A Fairy Play in Five Acts. By Maurice
Translated by Alexander Teixeira de Mattos.
New York: Dodd, Mead & Co.


1909.)
297
THE DIAL
.
the self-considering ceremoniousness of the Cat. come, a world in which we can enter into the
We see at once that we have here no lay figures life of the trees and of the beasts of the field,
presented merely to point a moral and adorn a and of night. That is a world of which M.
tale, but real creations, real dog and cat. With Maeterlinck has spoken much of late, of which
such companions the children set out. The boy others have spoken too. In “The Blue Bird”
wears a green hat with a shining diamond in he presents to us in suggestion and in symbol
the cockade : turn it and one sees " into the life much that has perhaps crossed our minds in
of things.” And first they come to the Land more definite and serious thought.
of Memory, where are the dead who pass the This, I rather think, is what the drama can
days in peaceful sleep except when we remember well do and is at its best in doing. A play is
them; and here they rouse their old Granny, not, I believe, a very good opportunity for the
and old Gaffer Tyl their grandfather, and their argument of causes, and I have always thought
little brothers and sisters. “Yes, we get plenty that problems in plays were rather out of place,
.
of sleep, while waiting for a thought of the at least if we wanted solutions to them. Yet it
Living to come and wake us,” says Gaffer Tyl. is not quite enough either that a play should
“Ah, it is good to sleep when life is done. But stir our sentiments, our emotions, our passions
it is pleasant also to wake up from time to time.” at random and without connection with our more
Then they come to the Palace of Night, still rational moods or moments. But though it is
searching for the Blue Bird. They are led on by no place for argument, the drama gives a won-
Light. The Cat runs on ahead (familiar with derful opportunity for putting ideas into actual
the region) to warn Night that Man is getting forms, into figures and actions so suggestive, so
at the secrets of things. The Cat is a conspir- poignant, so appealing, that they remain in our
ator, but the Dog is a great galloping friend. minds with an impressiveness that no argument
So the children wish to look in Night's closets, can equal. If a play does that, it fulfils one
searching for the Blue Bird. Poor Night! She great possibility of the drama, whether it do it
has but few terrors left, - a few poor Ghosts by a child's fairy-tale or a tragedy of everyday
and Sicknesses. Then to the Forest among the life. The great dramas generally do stand in
Trees; and here again the Cat would betray the our minds for something, or else they give us
children, - children as they are of the old wood- figures or situations that stand for something.
cutter. And here the Trees and the Animals And according as this something is more or less
would overpower the children, judge them, and worth while, and more or less seriously impressed
put them to death. But the Man single-handed upon us, why by so much do we value the drama.
is too much for Nature. And then they come Hence one will read “The Blue Bird”with more
to the Graveyard, to ask of the dead who lie attention to the moments of intense appreciation
there about the Blue Bird ; and as twelve o'clock and intuition than to questions of technique and
.
sounds there rises from the gaping tombs a sort structure. Such, indeed, has always been the
of evanescent mist, but there are no dead. And case with M. Maeterlinck, although he would
then they come to the Kingdom of the Future, at times have had it otherwise. But never has
where live those who are to be born in days to it been more so, nor has such care been more
come, children with all sorts of things that they rewarded, than in his latest play.
are to bring to earth,-inventions, crimes, and
EDWARD E. HALE, JR.
other wonders. But still no Blue Bird. And
then they find themselves back again in front
of their own house, and Bread and Sugar leave
LINCOLN'S LAST DAYS AND DEATH.*
them, and the Dog and the Cat become silent,
and Light says good-bye, and they wake up and
The additions to Lincoln literature due to
find the Blue Bird in their cage at home, and
the centenary celebration include two volumes
give it to an old neighbor to please her little girl
. closely related, although emanating from different
All this is fanciful enough, one will easily sources. That each has for its theme the death
see; but also it suggests, or it may suggest, so
of Lincoln is a testimonial to the public interest
much more than it
says.
in every detail of our most original American,”
to us a new
opens
world, a world of apprehensions different from
as well as an illustration of the painstaking
those of every day, that was always M. Maeter-
methods of historical investigation of the present
linck's world, a world in which we can speak
to the dog and the cat, a world in which we can
-
.
It
tion. By David Miller De Witt. New York: The Macmillan Co.
see those who are gone and those who are to
• THE ASSASSINATION OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN AND ITS EXPIA-
THE DEATH OF LINCOLN. By Clara E. Laughlin. Illustrated
New York: Doubleday, Page & Co.


298
[May 1,
THE DIAL
day. The tragic nature of Lincoln's taking-off, is attacked, and instances are cited where the
as well as the preëminent position he occupied common law of war was held by the highest
at the time, are warrants against the possible court to be beyond the power of Congress to
charge of gratifying a morbid curiosity. grant or the President to exercise. A special
The two volumes under consideration vary chapter is given to " The Dwindling of the
widely in treatment. Mr. De Witt’s will appeal • Great Conspiracy'” charge, at a later time,
more to the student, while Miss Laughlin's will when Congress was attempting to fasten upon
attract rather the general reader. The one President Johnson the responsibility for the
approaches the subject in the mood of the crime in order that he might succeed to the
jurist who tests every point; the other in the presidency.
attitude of the witness who gives a narrative. “ To this ignominious end was brought the Great
The one dwells largely on the crime and trial of Conspiracy' which Stanton heralded to the world on the
the “conspirators”; the other, on the harrowing morning after the assassination. It accomplished noth-
ing in furtherance of the purpose for which it was fab-
incidents of Lincoln's last days. Both denounce
ricated. Jefferson Davis — all hope of trying him by
the injustice of the trial, and both criticize
military commission being abandoned -- was surren-
President Johnson for withholding clemency dered by the military to the civil authorities, and
after it. Mr. De Witt is severe upon the
admitted to bail on an indictment for treason; Clay had
been released on parole a year before; Thompson and
government for failure to punish Boston Cor-
bett, the slayer of Booth, who, “unrebuked, forgotten if not forgiven. The sole result of its blind
Sanders and Tucker and Cleary were roaming at will,
left the stand to start on a triumphant tour over advocacy on the part of the prosecuting officers was to
the North, everywhere welcomed as an avenger sweep within the purview of the judgment of the court
of blood. He received his proportionate share
the woman who stood at the bar with Payne, Atzerodt,
of the reward for the capture, notwithstanding
and Herold; and to banish to a prison on the Florida
reefs four men, all of whom but the one who died of
(if his story is to be believed) it was his own
yellow fever, were about to be pardoned."
wanton act that saved the captive from paying
Miss Laughlin's volume presents a plain nar-
the penalty of his crime.” He is severe also
rative of the facts connected with the assassi-
in his arraignment of the action of those in
authority during the reign of terror” imme- nation, the trial, the execution, and the im-
diately following the assassination. The prose, attempting judgment. The narrative occupies
prisonment of the alleged accomplices, without
cution, he says, exercised a “cruel ingenuity
,
but little over half the volume, the remainder
in its activities.
being given to Appendices, causing an unfor-
“ Death had snatched an arch-assassin from their
tunate lack of balance. Many of these additions
grasp; Payne, Atzerodt and Herold they might have
hung in a corner,' with none to call in question the
are less than two pages in length, and frequently
validity or justice of the process. But an expiation so are not germane to the general subject, thus
unspectacular would have been but a sorry afterpiece emphasizing the impression that they are ves-
to a world-historic tragedy. To fill the measure of the
tigia of the note-book. Nevertheless they con-
people’s vengeance, they must bring within the sweep of
the sword of the republic every participant, high or low,
tain matter of general interest. The illustrations,
far or near, active or passive, from the fugitive president copies of originals, are in many cases remotely
of the moribund Confederacy, his cabinet ministers, and connected with the title of the volume.
his agents in Canada, down to the lackey who swept out
If the author of the first volume here reviewed
the building within whose guilty walls the tragedy was
enacted.”
has the advantage in point of authenticity and
Of the trial, held in the casemates of Fortress research, the second easily surpasses in style of
Monroe, the author says:
composition. The first has an exasperating
habit of changing the narrative from the past to
“ The brutality of loading down with fetters the seven
male prisoners, guarded as they were, while in the
the present tense, a style at one time supposed
presence of their judges, passed with indifference if not to add to liveliness of narrative, but now gen-
with positive approval --- so cruel was the humor of the erally abandoned save in bombast. The same
time;
but the presence of a helpless woman in that iron-
authorities are used by each, being the official
bound row before a court composed of nine officers of
documents of the trials and the narrative of the
the army with swords by their sides, sent a shock through
the civilized world. . . . Indeed, throughout the entire various parties concerned ; each author rejects
trial the commission acted upon the theory that false the many exaggerated stories concerning the
swearing was to be expected from any witness for the
disposition of the body of Booth, and each con-
defence who had participated in the rebellion either in
signs it to a grave dug beneath the pavement
word or deed.”
The validity of the trial before the Military
in the ground-floor of the old Penitentiary in
Washington.
Commission, composed of officers of the army,
EDWIN E. SPARKS.


1909.]
299
THE DIAL
a
are.
of domestic events. The work is, therefore, neither
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
a history nor a biography, as no attempt is made to
The English and their traits have give a complete or connected account either of the
The "parochial"
Englishman.
always interested us, whether por- period generally or of the life of Anne Stuart. The
trayed and commented upon by some author has selected a series of dramatic episodes and
philosophic Emerson, or “written up" in journalistic interesting situations to each of which he generally
style by a newspaper man after a week's tour of the
gives a separate chapter. Selection of a sort that
island kingdom. Mr. Price Collier, with thirty omits what is prosy or dull and includes only such
years' acquaintance of John Bull and his peculiar- matters as have an abiding human interest cannot
ities, has issued a goodly volume embodying his fail to produce a readable narrative, and Mr. Ryan's
matured opinions and convictions regarding a num- volumes are exceedingly readable; but the result
ber of things British, and has entitled his book will hardly take the place of sober history. For a
“England and the English from an American Point work of this sort the later Stuart period offers splen-
of View” (Scribner). In his penultimate para- did opportunities: for devious diplomacy, intellectual
graph he deliberately asserts of our transatlantic brilliancy, elastic morals, questionable ambitions,
cousins that “if they were not so parochial, if they and consummate treachery, the age has long been
did not so confidently believe, as Dr. Johnson once famous. Of the doings of this age, the author writes
said, and as some of their statesmen have broadly in the style of the sensational novelist, a style that
hinted many times since, that all foreigners are seems well adapted to the subject matter. Never-
mostly fools,' they would be much nearer a realiza- theless, he apparently wishes to have his story taken
tion of " certain wholesome truths than they now seriously, for he has evidently made considerable
He shows us the dominant and domineering use of primary sources, such as diaries, memoirs, and
Briton, heavy, beef-fed, substantial, as irresistible as letters — especially the letters written by Anne to
he is massive and deliberate, holding imperial pos- her sister Mary of Orange. His fancy, however, is
session of one-fifth of the earth's land-area, and not always under proper restraint; but as he employs
exercising imperial rule over twenty-two per cent it principally in describing weather conditions, park
of its population. Speaking of the English love of scenery, and the agonies of love and lovers, his imag-
law and order, their discipline, their unquestioning inative flights are harmless as a rule. Mr. Ryan is
obedience to authority, the writer says: “No wonder not sympathetic toward the age that he describes,
the average Englishman cannot be terrified, or even and his chapters consequently cannot be relied on
aroused, to take decent precautions against invasion. for a fair and impartial impression or estimate of the
They do not need the training of other peoples. great men and women of the period; but as side
They are already trained. When I see this quality lights on the court of the later Stuarts they will prove
of the race I smile to think what would become of of great interest and of considerable value.
a hundred or two hundred thousand Germans landed
Mr. Edward Harrison Barker's vol-
on these shores, with their machine-like methods,
their lack of initiative, and their dependence upon
the French
“ France of the French
of to-day.
a bureaucracy. They would be swallowed up, or
(Scribner) meets a want which, if
dispersed like chaff.” And yet other men, even cool
not yet long-felt, is none the less genuine. It is
heads like Mr. Frederic Harrison, are not just now
easy to find information with regard to the French
smiling at the thought of what might happen in such
of yesterday and the remoter past, but a reference
a contingency. But no sane person can wish the
book on the French of to-day has a distinct value.
matter brought to a test. Mr. Price's book contains,
The term “reference-book” is used advisedly: Mr.
first and last, a good many statistics, and he twice
Barker's volume is a small cyclopædia of things
states the population of London,
French, with logical division and chronological sub-
four million six hundred odd thousand inhabitants,"
division instead of the customary alphabetical
and again as 7,113,561. The book leaves an impres-
arrangement. Ten of its fourteen chapters are lists
sion of fairness, even of warm friendliness, toward
of biographies, in which the subjects are grouped as
the English, and of carefully matured opinions and
“Statesmen and Politicians," " Painters," "Sculp-
well-informed judgments on a number of timely and
tors,” and so on; and the list of names is so long
interesting topics.
that few individuals are allowed more than a short
paragraph or two. Every work of so condensed a
Mr. P. F. William Ryan's study of character must do violence to the truth by stating its
Side-lights on
“Queen Anne and Her Court” conclusions too categorically — or fail to leave defi-
Queen Anne.
(Dutton) is a work of exceptional nite impressions, as Mr. Hamerton's "French and
interest. The first volume carries the narrative on | English
English” fails ; but Mr. Barker is so quiet and well-
from the Restoration in 1660 to the close of William bred in his assurance, that it seems impertinent to
III.'s reign forty years later; the second is devoted question him, even when he denies that the French
to developments during the reign of Anne. The are frivolous, or when he insists on the unsurpassed
purpose of the author is to describe the personal depth and genuineness of their “home feeling.”
phases of palace life, political matters being noted Other writers havé ventured to discuss the subject
only where they are directly influenced by the course from a second-hand acquaintance, or perhaps a fly-
France and
ume on
first as
some
6
the court of


300
[May 1,
THE DIAL
humor and
nonsense.
A survey of
education,
the
ing trip to Paris ; Mr. Barker has lived in various people, things, and places. The contents of the book
parts of France for thirty years, and speaks from are too varied in subject to catalogue. In a charm-
personal knowledge. He writes well, and seems to ingly unconnected fashion are recorded the child's
have thought maturely on the most widely separated first ideas of “Don Giovanni,” of the Queen and
subjects. He has a very definite opinion on every Prince Albert, and of the opening of Crystal Palace.
matter that comes within the broad boundaries of his Then follow the art student's impressions of London
book, from the symbolism
of Rodin's statuary to the and Paris; and we are shown glimpses of an intimate
value of Dr. Metchnikoff's discovery concerning acquaintance with the art of Europe, with English
phagocytic cells. He concludes with a statement politics, letters, religion, and music, all in the simple
heard frequently from the other side of the channel, personal narrative of an evidently unusual and inter-
which it should warm the French heart to hear esting woman. Some of the twenty chapters could
echoed across the water: “There are no two nations be skipped without loss, but three or four sections
in Europe with such community of aims, views, have elements of real power: the letters written in
aspirations, and political interests as have the French Paris at the time of the Franco-Prussian war picture
and the English.”
the situation with vivid reality, - the weak Emperor
hoping to gain popularity through a final coup d'etat,
Pseudo-Japanese
A Japanese Mr. Dooley airs his
the excitable Parisians confident of victory until with
opinions and proffers his suggestions
in Mr. Wallace Irwin's “ Letters of
the gradual realization of their position there came
a Japanese Schoolboy” (Doubleday). “ Hashimura
“
the quick reaction of sentiment. Added to this is
Togo” is the name of the naïve and delightful letter-
the very human interest in the English art student,
writer who gives his age as thirty-five; and his oft-
a girl quite alone in a city bitter against foreigners.
quoted Cousin Nogi corresponds to the Hennessey
To the catholicity of interests is added an unusual
of the Dooley sketches. The letters have already lucidity and delightful simplicity of style.
been enjoyed by readers of “Collier's Weekly,” but
A useful compendium setting forth
they bear collection and republication unusually well.
the successive contributions to the
Being written by a Californian with an intimate by a Japanese. ideals that have influenced the educa-
knowledge of the San Francisco Japanese immigrant tion of man comes from such an unexpected source
and his ways, the book naturally touches upon as a Japanese student at an American university.
strained relations now existing between the Occi- Dr. Tadasu Misawa, in the compass of three hun-
dentals and the Orientals there brought into contact;
dred pages, sets forth, forcibly, clearly, and devel-
and as there is no better harmonizer of differences
opmentally, the problems of “Modern Educators
than a good laugh, these laughter-provoking letters
and their Ideals” (Appleton). He begins with
should serve a pacificatory purpose. From an early Comenius and ends with Dr. Harris and President
letter they are all, be it noted, ostensibly as well Hall. The survey is of educational ideals, not of
as really written for newspaper publication -
methods or measures or institutions, and keeps con-
we quote Hashimura's very reasonable question:
sistently to the task. The contrasts and individu-
“Which is more better citizen, thank you - Mr.
alities of the thinkers are well handled; and the
Whee of opium-smoking and Gumowsky of whiskey-
reader takes away the very vital impression that
drunking or Japanese Boy of derby hat, frockaway
, the systems presented grew out of much the same
coat and all other white manners of civilizedation?"
sets of intellectual problems through the increasing
Again : “Must Japan shoot American ship for going purpose of the ages.
purpose of the ages. It is certainly a creditable
to Pacific ocean? This is question for editor. I
achievement for one of such alien heredity to enter
answer, No, please! Pacific ocean still have too
so sympathetically yet discerningly into the spirit
much water for Japan to cover with torpedo boats. of the modern thought that has expressed one phase
Thank you, America fleet may call at San Francisco,
of its purpose and interests in the realm of educa-
San Diego, Seattle without angry rage from Tokyo tion. The work is concise and commendable.
government which is busy civilizing Corea. Hon.
Mr. Roosevelt is welcome to travel.” The book is
Four or five years ago there appeared
wholesome in tone, as well as mirth-provoking. The most famous in the "Popular Science Monthly"
numerous illustrations, though not triumphs of art, gardener.
a couple of articles on the work of
are in cheerful accord with the text.
Mr. Luther Burbank as viewed from the standpoint
of science by two very competent observers, Presi-
A woman's diary In the Foreword to “ The Recollec- dent Jordan and Professor Kellogg of Stanford
of thirty-five
tions of a Spinster Aunt ” (William University. The great increase of public interest in
European life. Heinemann, London; Paul Reynolds, Mr. Burbank's activities since the essays appeared
New York), the editor, Miss S. Sophia Beale, has led to their republication in an attractive volume,
explains that the Spinster Aunt was not a celebrity, with various illustrations and a frontispiece portrait
but only a quiet, observant person, who, through of Mr. Burbank, issued by Mr. A. M. Robertson of
letters and a diary (covering the period from 1847 San Francisco. The book is interesting as record-
to 1882), has left a desultory record of her observa- ing the judgment of two distinguished zoologists
tions and impressions of a number of interesting upon the work of the most famous gardener of the
66
The world's
"
vears of
a


1909.]
301
THE DIAL
a
a
world. Two essays are here, since each writer would critical, although he means to be fair. The recom-
give his own individual impression of Mr. Burbank's mendations for practical methods in the latter part of
oft-recorded achievements. The first author quotes
the book are suggestive but do not carry us very far
into details.
largely Mr. Burbank's own words, his own account
of results attained, and simply credits the gardener
Professor Henry Rogers Seager's “Political Econ-
with an artist's genius in putting into practice the
omy” is a briefer treatment of the science than is given
in the author's « Introduction to Economics." It is a
principles of Darwin. Dr. Kellogg tells us the same
book fitted to provide a rather stiff course for high
things, cites many of the same facts by way of
schools, and a fairly satisfactory one for colleges. Clear-
illustration, declares that Mr. Burbank has brought ness of statement, logical cogency, and the quality of
to light no new principle, but has excelled all other up-to-dateness are the distinguishing marks of this
experimenters among plants by his delicacy of touch, admirable treatise, which we take pleasure in commend-
his boldness, and the magnitude of the scale on which ing. Messrs.Henry Holt & Co. are the publishers.
experiment is conducted. Each author contributes In Sir Arthur Clay's translation of M. Leroy Beau-
also a vorwort, or introductory note; the first a
lieu's “Collectivism” (Dutton), English readers are
biographical appreciation, the second more nearly
enabled to come into contact with one of the ablest
economists of modern life. Beaulieu is known as an
prefatory.
individualist of somewhat extreme type, but he is intelli-
Saunterings and
People and scenes of Northern Italy, gent and critical in his analysis of the teachings of the
observations in together with plants and pets, form socialists. Making proper allowance for his bias, one
Northern Italy. the subject of “Under Petraia, with may trust the descriptions and definitions of this writer
some Saunterings" (John Lane Co.), by the author as fairly representative. With the enormous growth of
of “ In a Tuscan Garden.” The writer is an amiable,
socialistic thought and action in America, this translation
cultured, travelled woman, who deliberately lays
of a classic comes at the right time and deserves attention.
claim to advancing years, and allows her pen to
A new book by Canon Barnett and Mrs. Barnett is wel-
come at this time, because they both have dwelt among
wander with entertaining inconsequence from Jackie,
a beloved cat, to the moral regeneration of Italy.
the people of London and studied their needs. The
The spirit of the first part of the book may be caught Macmillan) covers the subject of social reforms, pov-
present collection of “ Essays toward Social Reform”
from the printed summary of Chapter I.: "How erty, education, recreation, and housing. Of course
Eugenio broke the Gamberaia Pot and came to a these papers are written from the standpoint of a care-
Bad End Antonio the Childlike and Bland - The ful and sympathetic observer of English conditions, but
Cow that died and lived again -Additions to the there is in them a universal human element which gives
Live-stock.” Probably the most interesting division
them more than common interest for us in America,
is the sixth, describing what goes to the making of a
where the same problems are pressing for solution.
Buona Signora. (Cuore is the key which unlocks
To most people it will seem strange to think of
all doors, the cloak that covers any number of sins.)
Grover Cleveland as a shy, sensitive, companionable,
The later essays recall various “saunterings," now
warm-hearted man, fond of children and adored by
them. We have come to admire him as a statesman
to Bologna la Grassa, now in the Euganean Hills,
of rugged honesty, wisdom, high ideals, and splendid
now over the border to an idyllic and unspoiled fighting qualities; we now see through the revelations
valley of Switzlerland. The volume is frankly of those who knew the man that he was one to be
unambitious ; but if one cares to read in the writer's loved as well as to be admired. The little book,
spirit, an hour with its pages will give much quiet “ Mr. Cleveland: A Personal Impression,” by Mr. Jesse
enjoyment.
Lynch Williams, a friend and neighbor of the former
President, gives a charming portrait of the man in his
later years, that shows him lovable as well as great.
BRIEFER MENTION.
(Dodd, Mead & Co.)
To the fourteen volumes of their library edition of
Professor C. H. Grandgent is preparing for “ Heath's the novels of Victor Hugo in English, Messrs. Little,
Modern Language Series” an annotated edition of “The Brown, & Co. have now added eight volumes of the
Divine Comedy," and the “Inferno” volume is now at miscellaneous writings in prose and verse. Three of
hand. This appears to be the first American edition of these volumes are occupied by “Napoleon the Little "
the poem to be presented in the orthodox text-book form
and « The History of a Crime,” three by the dramatic
for the use of college students. The notes are at the works, and the remaining two by a selection of the
bottom of the page, and not voluminous to overburden poems. The translations of the prose volumes are
readers; each canto is prefaced by an “argument,” and unacknowledged ; of the thirteen dramas, ten are trans-
there is a condensed and useful introductory essay. lated by Mr. George Burnham Ives, two by Mrs. Newton
Dr. C. B. Thompson has offered church workers a Crosland, and one by Mr. Frederick L. Slous. The
very careful study, within certain limits, of the attitude poems are done into English by a great variety of hands,
of wage-earners toward the church and religion, and and it is evident that the edition has searched far and
the duty of those who are identified with these institu- wide for the best versions. Mr. Henry Carrington, Sir
tions. It voices a call which ought to be heeded. The George Young, and Mr. N. R. Tyerman are responsible
author discusses the alienation of the wage-earners from for the greater number of translations. Miss Toru
the churches, the attitude of the churches toward the Dutt's versions are also represented, and there are a few
workingmen, institutional methods, missions, settle- by such men as Mr. Andrew Lang, Sir Edwin Arnold,
ments, and Christianity and socialism. In his crit- and Dr. Richard Garnett. We miss examples of the
icism of socialism the author is not always happy and remarkable translations made by Mr. W. J. Lenton.
6
>


302
[May 1,
THE DIAL
"
upon mate-
NOTES.
To the “Oxford Library of Practical Theology," pub-
lished by Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co., a volume
on “ Immortality,” by Mr. E. E. Holmes, is now added.
“ The Christian Doctrine of God,” by Dr. William
Newton Clarke, has just been added by Messrs. Charles
Scribner's Sons to their “ International Theological
Library."
A new edition of the Abbé Loisy's “ The Gospel and
the Church,” translated by Mr. Christopher Horne, with
an introduction by Dr. Newman Smyth, is published by
the Messrs. Scribner.
Herbert's “ A Priest to the Temple,” with an intro-
duction and notes by the Rev. Joseph B. Cheshire,
Bishop of North Carolina, is a recent publication of
Mr. Thomas Whittaker.
“The Wisdom of Solomon," edited by the Rev. J. A.F.
Gregg, is now added to the “Cambridge Bible for
Schools and Colleges," of which the Messrs. Putnam
are the American agents.
To the series of “ Handbooks of Archæology and
Antiquities,” published by the Macmillan Co., there is
now added a treatise on “Greek Architecture," the
work of Professor Allan Marquand.
“Shakespeare's Complete Sonnets,” in a new classi-
fied arrangement made by Mr. C. M. Walsh, and fur-
nished with both introduction and notes, is a recent
publication of Mr. T. Fisher Unwin.
The publication plans regarding Mrs. Humphry
Ward's new novel, “ Marriage à la Mode," previously
announced for next Fall, have been changed and the book
will appear during the present month.
The veteran dramatic critic, Mr. William Winter,
whose volume of literary recollections entitled “Old
Friends” will appear this month, is busily engaged in
preparing a biography of Richard Mansfield for publi-
cation next Fall.
“ Sayings of Buddha the Iti-vuttaka,” a Pali work
of the Buddist Canon, is now for the first time translated
into English, and published at the Columbia University
Press. The translation and editorial matter are the work
of Dr. Justin Hartley Moore.
Messrs. Harper & Brothers publish a new and enlarged
edition, two volumes in one, of « The Life and Letters
of Lord Macaulay,” by Sir George Trevelyan, made
more desirable than any previous edition by the incor-
poration of the recently published marginal notes of
Macaulay.
“ Measure for Measure,” “ The Merry Wives of
Windsor,” and “ All's Well That Ends Well,” edited
by the Misses Charlotte Porter and Helen A. Clarke,
are late additions to the First Folio Shakespeare,
now about half complete. The Messrs. Crowell are the
publishers.
« The Color of Rome" is the title of an important
illustrated book which is in preparation by Messrs.
George W. Jacobs & Co. for publication this year. It
is the work of Mr. O. M. Potter, and will be profusely
illustrated from water-color drawings and sepia studies
by the Japanese artist, Yoshio Markino.
The Newberry Library issues its annual report in a
thin pamphlet whose seven sections, called “ exhibits,"
attend strictly to business. The essential facts of the
year's work and the year's growth are stated with no
waste of words, the librarian's report occupying but two
pages. The longest “exhibit " is the list of donors and
their donations, covering seventeen pages.
From the
printed “ statement of assets," wherein is set down a
balance in bank of thirty-six thousand dollars, it is
manifest that the library continues to enjoy material
prosperity.
A bibliography of Trenton, N. J., based
rial in the local public library, and making a pamphlet
of twenty-eight pages, has been prepared and published
by the library authorities. Among much of honorable
record in the city's history, the patriotic Trentonian
will read with some shock to his civic pride that before
the place took its present name from William Trent
(ob. Dec. 29, 1724) it was contumeliously styled “Little-
worth.”
The following books, not previously announced, will
be published by Houghton Mifflin Co. next month:
“Military Hygiene," by Maj. Percy H. Ashburn, U.S.A.;
“Economic Heresies," by Sir Nathaniel Nathan; “Mon-
cure D. Conway: Addresses and Reprints, 1850-1907";
and “Charles Edward Garman: A Memorial Volume."
The new edition of “The Life and Letters of George
Ticknor,” announced by this house, has been postponed
until the early autumn.
The new library law passed by the Vermont legisla-
ture considerably enlarges the State Library Commis-
sion's powers by authorizing it to render more substantial
aid to struggling town libraries and to hold each year a
school of instruction for such library workers of the state
as may choose to attend; "and the necessary expense
of each such librarian in attendance ... may be paid
by the town, city or incorporated village in which said
librarian is employed.” Vermont is little in area and
population, but big in public spirit and in its devotion
to the education and enlightenment of its people.
The Sunday-opening movement agitated by those who
have at heart the best interests of the humbler fre-
quenters of public libraries, museums, and art-galleries,
has received something of a set-back where one would
least expect it. The city of Malden, a suburb of Boston,
has found its extension of library and art-gallery priv-
ileges to Sunday visitors so little appreciated, and so
inadequately supported by municipal appropriation of
funds for the purpose, that it has been regretfully dis-
continued by the board of trustees of the combined
public library and gallery of art.
a
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
May, 1909.
66
>
Abstraction, An Abuse of. William James. Popular Science.
Africa, East, Hunting in. P. C. Madeira. Metropolitan.
Africa, East, The Hunter's Paradise. D. A. Willey. Putnam.
Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition. A. Wilhelm. Putnam.
Allison, Senator, Recollections of. A. W. Dunn. Rev. of Revs.
Amendments, The War. A. E. Pillsbury. No. Amer. Review.
Amusements, New York'8. E. S. Martin. Harper.
Anarchist, Making an. Frank Bailey. World's Work.
Antarctic Continent, The. C. C. Adams. Review of Reviews.
Architecture, Domestic, Recent Designs in. Studio.
Army, An International. A. H. Dutton. World To-day.
Army Letters from an Officer's Wife. F. M. A. Roe. Appleton.
Art Shows, Three Recent. Elizabeth L. Cary. Putnam.
Astronomical Problem, A Famous. Popular Science.
Austen, Jane, at Lyme Regis. A. C. Benson. Putnam.
Author's Vade Mecum. F. W. Crowninshield. Bookman.
Banks, Postal Savings. F. W. Fitzpatrick. Appleton.
Baseball, Fine Points of. H. S. Fullerton. American.
Beauvais. Elizabeth Robins Pennell. Scribner.
Birth Rate, Decline in. F.L. Hoffman. North American Review.
Black Hand, Problem of the. A. Woods. McClure.
Blind, The New Work for the. S. H. Bishop. Scribner.


1909.]
303
THE DIAL
DIAL
..
Books, The Hundred Worst. S. M. Crothers. Atlantic.
Brass, Italico, Paintings of. L. Brosch. Studio.
Brazil, The New. Paul Reinsch. World To-day.
Caine, Hall, Autobiography of — IX. Appleton.
Canadian Northwest and the Railroads. World's Work.
Canadian Northwest, Immigration to. A. C. Laut. Scribner.
Charter-Making in America. C. R. Woodruff. Atlantic.
Children's Court Cases. Jessie M. Keys. World's Work.
China, Constitutional Government in. No. American Review.
China, The New Régime in. E. F. Egan. Everybody's.
Church and State, Separation of. W. Schoenfeld. No. Am, Rev.
Church Building, The Modern. J. S. Barney. Munsey.
Circus, The, Taken Seriously. R. Bergengren. Atlantic.
Cities, Beautifying Our. C. R. Woodruff. World To-day.
Cleveland's Estimate of his Contemporaries. McClure.
Coal-Mine Disasters, Avoiding. G. E. Mitchell. Rev. of Revs.
College vs. the High Schools. J. P. Monroe. World's Work.
Crawford, Francis Marion. F. T. Cooper. Bookman.
Crawford, Marion. Review of Reviews.
Curtis, Wm. Fuller, Wood Panels by. Studio.
Dickinson, Jacob M., Secretary of War. Munsey.
Disease, Occupational, C. E. A. Peabody. Atlantic.
Divorce. James Cardinal Gibbons. Scribner.
Divorce, Increasing, Meaning of. E. A. Ross. Scribner.
Emmanuel Movement, The. L. P. Powell. Review of Reviews.
Emmanuel Work, The. Dr. J. C. Fisher. Review of Reviews.
Emmanuel Worker's Record, An. Review of Reviews.
Engineer, The Web-foot. Benj. Brooks. McClure.
Engineering College, A Novel. E. F. Du Brul. American.
English as the World Language. A. Schinz. North American.
English Capitals of Industry, Three. W. D. Howells. Harper.
English, The, in India. Charles Johnston. North Am. Review.
Enneking, John J. Charles H. Pepper. World To-day.
Everglades, Reclaiming the. D. A. Simmons. World To-day.
Fiction, Types of. John Wolcott. Bookman.
Finance and Business. Review of Reviews.
Fire Losses in the U.S. L. Windmüller. No. American Review.
French Streets, Humanness of: W. B. Blake. Scribner.
Gabrilowitsch, Ossip, A Talk with. D. G. Mason. Scribner.
Game, Big, in East Africa. E. B. Bronson, Scribner.
Ghetto, the, Club Houses of. Elias Tobenkin. World To-day.
Ghost, On the Trail of the - II. Vance Thompson. Hampton.
Gibbs, Josiah Willard. F. H. Garrison. Popular Science.
God, The Unspeakable Name of. H. J. Markland. Munsey.
Golf Links, The Ideal. H. J. Whigham. Scribner.
Gun, The Noiseless. Hiram P. Maxim. World's Work.
Handy Man, The. Eugene Wood. Hampton.
Harlem, In and Around. Bookman.
Harpswell Laboratory, The. Max Morse. Popular Science.
Hawthorne, Charles W. Arthur Hoeber. Studio.
Healing, Mental, and the Church. W.A.Purrington. No.Am.Rev.
Henry V.," Shakespeare's. F. Warre Cornish. Harper.
Hetch-Hetchy Valley. F. M. Fultz. World To-day.
Home, The Sanctity of the. Chas. F. Aked. Appleton.
Howe, Julia Ward. Florence Painter. Putnam.
Howells, W.D., at Seventy-two. Van W. Brooks. World's Work.
Ibis, Hanting the. Charles L. Bull. Metropolitan.
Immortality: Is it Desirable? G. L. Dickinson. Atlantic.
Investor. The Country, and His Mortgages. World's Work.
Italy and the Bookmakers. Charlotte Harwood. Putnam.
Japanese Color Prints - VI. Studio.
Japan's Financial Condition. A. Kinnosuke. Rev. of Reve.
Legal Development, New Era in. H. Taylor. No. Am. Review.
Life, Chemical Interpretation of. R. K. Duncan. Harper.
Life Insurance Ambassador, The. W.J. Graham. World Tu-day.
Life Insurance in Local Companies. World's Work.
Lincoln and the Boy Regiment. M. S. Gerry. Hampton.
Lion, The Land of the-I. W. S. Rainsford. World's Work.
London, The Fascination of. F. M. Hueffer. Putnam.
Mac Veagh, Franklin, Secretary of Treasury. Munsey.
Memory, Tricks of. W.T. Larned. Lippincott.
Ménard, René. Achille Segard. Studio.
Messina Disaster, Letter Written after the. McClure.
Mexico, Progressive. Nevin 0. Winter World To-day.
Munich, City of Good Nature. R. H. Schauffler. Scribner.
Navy, Our Undermanned. Robley D. Bvans. Hampton.
Negroes, Georgia, Savings of. W. E. B. DuBois. World's Work.
Newspapers as Historical Sources. Y. F. Rhodes. Atlantic.
Oklahoma and the Indian. Emerson Hough. Hampton.
Opera Singers, Earnings of. George Middleton. Bookman.
Ostrich, Naturalizing the. W. Robinson. Review of Reviews.
Panama Canal, Type of. C. E. Grunsky. Popular Science.
Panama Critics, Answer to the. W. H. Taft. McClure.
Payne Bill, The, and Canada. E. Porritt. North Am, Review.
Philippines, Future of the. E. Winslow. North Am. Review.
Plagues, Conquered and Unconquered. V. Thompson. Munsey.
Portraits in Enamel, Alexander Fisher. Studio.
Primary, The Direct. Judson C. Welliver. Munsey.
Public Sentiment: Recent Results. W. A. White. American.
Public Service Commissions. W. M. Ivins. Scribner.
Racquets, The Game of. Harold F. McCormick. World To-day.
Railroad Problem, Heart of the -II, C. E. Russell. Hampton.
Railroads and Publicity. James O. Fagan. Atlantic.
Revivalists, Great. Arthur B. Reeve. Munsey.
Rothenburg, The Old Red City of. R. Shackleton. Harper.
Russia and Our Pacific Coast. Mrs. Atherton. No. Am. Review.
Saloons, A Year of Defeat for. F.C.Iglehart. Review of Reviews.
Savers, A Nation of Little. C. F. Speare. Review of Reviews.
School, A Public, in the Slums. W. Talbot. World's Work.
Schools, English Public. E. T. Tomlinson, Scribner.
Scientific Congress, Pan-American. L. S. Rowe. Rev.of Revs.
Sea-elephant Hunting. B. D. Cleveland. Hampton.
Secret Service of the U.S. A. D. Albert, Jr. Munsey.
Sherman, General, Letters of. M. A. De W. Howe. Scribner.
Sick, Two Million, Cure for. F. M. Björkman. World's Work.
Socialism, a Cult of Failure. J. L. Laughlin. Scribner.
Sorolla and Zuloaga. Christian Brinton. Scribner.
Sorolla, Joaquin, y Bastida. T. Y. Ybarra. World's Work.
Southern Problems. Harris Dickson. Everybody's.
Spectator," the, Advertisements of. L. Lewis. Atlantic.
Stage, The Indecent. S. H. Adams. American.
Stereoscope in Art Instruction. W. M. Johnson. Studio.
Swinburne, Last Victorian Poet. Review of Reviews.
Tariff Bureau, A Permanent. 8. C. Loomis. Popular Science.
Tarify Revision: Consumer's Standpoint. Popular Science.
Tariff Revision: Importer's Standpoint. Popular Science.
Tariff Revision: Manufacturer's Standpoint. Popular Science.
Tariff, The, and Adolescent Industries. World To-day.
Thackeray and Mrs. Brookfield. Lyndon Orr. Munsey.
Theatre, The New. James L. Ford. Appleton.
Theatres, Our Foreign. Lucy F. Pierce. World To-dav.
Trinity, The Case against. R. S. Baker. American.
Tuberculosis and the Red Cross. Metropolitan.
Tuberculosis, War on - II. O. F. Lewis. Metropolitan.
Twain, Mark. Archibald Henderson. Harper.
Twain, Mark, at Stormfield. A. B. Paine. Harper.
Unionism, The Crisis in. Henry White. No. American Review.
Venezuelan Wilderness, The. C. W. and M. B. Beebe. Harper.
Vine, The, in Roman History. G. Ferrero. McClure.
Violinists, Great. James Huneker. Everybody's.
Wagner, Cosima. Willis Steell. Munsey.
Wall Street Game. Cost of the. F. U. Adams. Everybody's.
Water Power Trust, The National. J.C. Welliver. McClure.
Weather Bureau, Value of. Emerson Hough. Everybody's.
Welles, Gideon, Diary of. Atlantic.
Woman Problem, The-1. Ouida. Lippincott.
Women, The Rights of. Joseph C. Lincoln. Appleton.
Wood Engraving, The Return of. Gardner Teall. Bookman.
Wrought Iron Work. E. and W. Spencer. Studio.
Yosemite, Camping above the. Harriet Monroe. Putnam.
Young Turks Movement, Women in. Demetra Brown. Atlantic.
Zoological Park, New York's. E. R. Sanborn. Metropolitan.
10
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
(The following list, containing 129 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
The M.P. for Russia : Reminiscences and Correspondence of
Madame Olga Novikoff. Edited by W. T. Stead. In 2 vols.,
illus. in photogravure, etc., 8vo. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$7.50 net.
Gentlemen Ertant: Being the Journeys and Adventures of
Four Noblemen in Europe during the Fifteenth and Six-
teenth centuries. By Mrs. Henry Cust. Illus., 8vo, pp. 551.
E. P. Dutton & Co. $4. net.
The Valley of Shadows : Recollections of the Lincoln
Country, 1858-1863. By Francis Grierson. Large 8vo, pp. 278.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $2. net.
Tragedy Queens of the Georgian Era. By John Fyvie.
Illus., large 8vo, pp. 316. E. P. Dutton & Co. $4. net.
Charles-Augustin Sainte-Beuve. By George McLean
Harper. French Men of Letters." With portrait, 12mo,
pp. 389. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50 net.
A Favourite of Napoleon : Memoirs of Mademoiselle George.
Edited by Paul Cheramy. Illus. in photogravure, 8vo, pp. 320.
John McBride Co. $2.50 net,
Random Reminiscences of Men and Events. By John D.
Rockefeller. With frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 188. Doubleday
Page & Co. $1. net.


304
[May 1,
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.
HISTORY.
The Third French Republic. By Frederic Lawton, M.A.
Illus., large 8vo, pp. 395. J. B. Lippincott Co. $3.50 net.
The Story of New Netherland. By William Elliot Griffis.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 292. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
The Development of the English Law of Conspiracy.
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Press. Paper, 75 cts. net.
Evolution of Seward's Mexican Policy. By James Marton
Callahan. 8vo, pp. 88. Morgan, W. Va.: Department of
History and Political Science, West Virginia University.
Paper, 75 cts. net.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Shelley. By Francis Thompson, with Introduction by George
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A Georgian Pageant. By Frank Frankfort Moore. Illus. in
photogravure, etc., large 8vo, pp. 346. E. P. Dutton & Co.
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Is Shakespeare Dead! From My Autobiography. By Mark
Twain. With portraits, 8vo, pp. 150. Harper & Brothers.
$1.25 net.
Letters and Memorials of Wendell Phillips Garrison,
Literary Editor of “The Nation," 1865–1906. With frontig-
piece in photogravure, 8vo, pp. 298. Houghton Mifflin Co.
$1.50 net.
Tales Within Tales : Adapted from the Fables of Pilpai. By
Sir Arthur N. Wolliston. 12mo, pp. 118. “Romances of the
East Series." E. P. Dutton & Co. $1. net.
Library of Southern Literature. Edited by Edwin Ander.
son Alderman, Joel Chandler Harris, Charles William Kent,
and Others. Vols. I., II., and III. Each with portraits in
photogravure, large 8vo. Atlanta, Ga.: Martin & Hoyt Co.
Verse Satire in England Before the Renaissance. By
Samuel Marion Tucker, Ph.D. 8vo, pp. 245. " Columbia
University Press Studies in English.” Macmillan Co. Paper,
$1. net.
The Functions of Criticism: A Lecture Delivered before the
University on February 22, 1909. By D. Nicoll Smith, M.A.
8vo, pp. 24. Oxford University Press. Paper.
VERSE AND DRAMA.
Artemis To Actæon, and Other Verse. By Edith Wharton.
12mo, pp. 90. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net.
Star-Glow and Song. By Charles Buxton Going. 8vo, pp. 204.
Harper & Brothers. $1.20 net.
The World's Triumph: A Play. By Louis James Block. 12mo,
pp. 166. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25 net.
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The Complete Poetical Works of Edgar Allan Poe, With
Three Essays on Poetry. Edited, with Memoir, Notes, and
Bibliography, by R. Brimley Johnson. With portrait, 12mo,
pp. 316. Oxford University Press. 75 cts. net.
Wilson's Art of Rhetorique, 1560. Edited by G. H. Mair.
12mo, pp. 236. Oxford University Press. $1.75 net.
The Novels and Tales of Henry James, New York edition.
Vol. XV., The Lesson of the Master, The Death of the Lion,
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Shakespeare's Complete Sonnets: A New Arrangement.
Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by C. M. Walsh. 12mo,
pp. 285. London: T. Fisher Unwin.
Rabbi Ben Ezra. By Robert Browning. Square 16mo, pp. 22.
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Pope's Rape of the Look. Edited by George Holden. 12mo,
pp. 102. Oxford University Press.
Selected Poems of Matthew Arnold. Edited, with Intro-
duction and notes, by Hereford B. George and A. M. Leigh.
12mo, pp. 124. Oxford University Press. 50 cts. net.
Soenes of Clerical Life. By George Eliot, with Introduction
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The Climber. By E. F. Benson. American edition; with
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Fate and the Butterfly. By Forrest Halsey. Illus, in color,
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Father Abraham. By Ida M. Tarbell. Illus., 12mo, pp. 39.
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The Rockies of Canada: A Revised and Enlarged Edition of
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Sunset Playgrounds : Fishing Days and Others in California
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My Experiences of Cyprus. By Basil Stewart. Enlarged
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Central Italy and Rome: Handbook for Travellers. By Karl
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The Methods of Taxation Compared with the Established
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The Panama Canal and Its Makers. By Vaughan Cornish.
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Neglected Neighbors : Stories of Life in the Alleys, Tene-
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The Fate of Iciodorum : Being the Story of a City Made Rich
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Ideals of Democracy: Conversations in a Smoking Car. By
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The Political and Economio Organization of Modern
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RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.
The Laws of Friendship, Human and Divine. By Henry
Churchill King. 12mo, pp. 159. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
The Teaching of Jesus. By Leo Tolstoy; trans. by L. and A.
Maude. 16mo, pp. 120. “Library of Living Thought." Harper
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Modern Thought and the Crisis in Belief: The Baldwin
Lectures, 1909. By R. M. Wenley. 12mo, pp. 364. Macmillan
Co. $1.50 net.
The Truth and Error of Christian Science. By M. Carta
Sturge. 8vo, pp. 185. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50 net.


1909.]
305
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The Being and Attributes of God. By the Rev. Francis J.
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A Valid Christianity for To-Day. By Charles D. William,
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Systematic Theology. By Augustus Hopkins Strong, D.D.,
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Aspects of Christian Mystioism. By the Rev. W. Major
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Personal Religion in Egypt Before Christianity. By W.M.
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History of the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church of
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A Pluralistio Universe : Hibbert Lectures at Manchester
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My Life as a Dissociated Personality. By B. C. A., with
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Psychological Interpretations of Society. By Michael
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Freehand Perspective and Sketching: Principles and
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Human Speech: Its Physical Basis. By N. C. Macnamara,
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(Continued on next page)
By EDWARD BULWER LYTTON
Little imagination is necessary to fancy these poems as actual
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A History of Theatrical Art in Ancient and Modern Times.
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Nature and Ornament. By Lewis F. Day. Part I., Nature
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No. 550.
MAY 16, 1909. Vol. XLVI.
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profession. — Our liberal library rules. — The effect
the African jungle. The Congress ended with
of age on the appetite for reading. – A curious a huge banquet, attended by upwards of a
instance of foresight. — Dr. Crothers's “ hundred
thousand guests, and was altogether a highly
worst books." — A Bunyan memorial in West-
successful affair.
minster Abbey.- Crawford's place in literature.-
A variously gifted librarian. — The suicide of John
When one looks back upon an occasion like
Davidson. - The perennial charm of the mysteri-
this, and tries to form some sort of estimate of
ous. — The public library's three-tenths of a mill.- its power for good, it is only too easy to come
Mr. Meredith's estimate of Swinburne. - Auction
to a discouraging conclusion. To the news-
sales of old and rare books.
papers, it is something less than a nine days'
COMMUNICATIONS
321
wonder, and when it is over, leaves hardly an
From the Library Copyright League. Bernard
echo to remind us that it has been. To the
C. Steiner and W. P. Cutter.
public at large, it is the focus of a temporary
“The Blue Bird" at Moscow. Margaret Vance.
interest, soon displaced by the jostling of other
A LIFE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH. Percy F.
interests. And this incurable vagrancy of atten-
Bicknell
322
tion on the part of the world is apt to react upon
AMERICA AND THE FAR EASTERN QUESTION.
the most devoted worker for peace, bringing him
Payson J. Treat
324
perilously close to despondency, and making
THE CENTURY OF THE CHILD. Caroline L. Hunt 325
him wonder if, after all, his effort has been
SOME VERY MODERN TYPES. Richard Burton 327 worth the while. It takes a stout heart to
A CENTURY OF COLONIAL HISTORY. St. George remain unaffected by the apathy into which
Leakin Sioussat
327
most men fall back after their brief excitement
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
329 is over, to look with hopeful gaze toward the
Jack afloat and ashore. — Fundamentals of friend- intrenchments behind which folly and wrong
ship. — An important naval history. - Memoirs of
sit in what seems to be the old unimpaired
a millionaire.— The literature of the South.
The witch and her magic. — A possible author of
security. Menaced by this mood of despair,
the “ Junius" letters. — A new-old cure for civic
we need the tonic medicine of the poets, the
misgovernment. — Anecdotes of London manners best friends of man, and the most helpful. We
and morals. — A pioneer's autobiography.
need the fire of Arnold's exhortation :
BRIEFER MENTION
332
“Charge once more, then, and be dumb!
Let the victors, when they come,
NOTES
332
When the forts of folly fall,
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
334
Find thy body by the wall!”
:


314
[May 16,
THE DIAL
men.
66
>
a
We need the inspiration of Sill, whose reformer It deliberately ignores the fact that in
Fights alone, and from the cloudy ramparts these armaments is the greatest possible incen-
A thousand evil faces gibe and jeer him.
tive to warfare, and that history is full of
Let him lie down and die: what is the right,
conflicts brought about by the self-conscious
And where is justice,' in a world like this?
But by and by, earth shakes herself, impatient;
strength and arrogant pride of armed powers,
And down, in one great roar of ruin, crash
seeking to enforce their unreasonable dictates
Watchtower and citadel and battlements.
upon weaker members of the family of nations.
When the red dust has cleared, the lonely soldier It is also characterized by a reckless disregard
Stands with strange thoughts beneath the friendly stars.”
of the economic aspect of militarism. The cost
We need the triumphant vision of Swinburne, of a possible attack is held before the imagination
voiced by his pilgrims of invincible faith : of the populace; the cost of safeguarding the
Nay, though our life were blind, our death were nation against such an attack is never brought
fruitless,
home to the general consciousness. If we were
Not therefore were the whole world's high hope calmly to reckon up the two costs, and set them
rootless;
But man to man, nation would turn to nation,
side by side for comparison, we should be far
And the old life live, and the old great word be less eager to waste our substance upon the instru-
great.”
ments of destruction. The battlefield takes its
We must all recognize the fact that in any toll of wealth and human life in a spectacular
matter that involves the regeneration of the way, but the heavy taxation which builds navies
human spirit progress must always be slow. The and supports armies and pays pensions is quietly
secular iniquity of warfare will not yield to the taking its toll in the same kind year after year,
first assault, or the hundredth ; all we may hope steadily and remorselessly. In the case of our
to do at any given time is to sap by ever so little own country, the policy pursued during the past
its foundations. Here, again, the poet has a ten years has been a policy of wanton waste, for
word of cheer for us.
we cannot urge the plea of self-defence which to
“For while the tired waves, vainly breaking,
some extent justifies the European powers in
Seem here no painful inch to gain,
keeping up the burden of their armaments. No
Far back, through creeks and inlets making,
power upon earth is likely to make war upon
Comes silent, flooding in, the main."
the ninety million people of the United States,
The advocate of peace finds himself everywhere and should that wellnigh inconceivable event
confronted by two types of the cynic, the type become a reality, the amount of damage inflicted
that refuses to look toward the future, asserting upon us could hardly equal the damage we are
our present miserable estate to be irremediable, inflicting upon ourselves in any ten-year period
and the type that is too impatient to think small
of our present course.
We should, moreover,
steps worth taking at all. It is difficult to say
as all the world knows, in the end exact retri-
which of the two resists the onward movement bution to the last dollar for the injury done us
with the greater inertia. The despair of the by any act of foreign aggression. This nation
idealist is always the man who will cheerfully can best aid in furthering the world's peace by
admit the existence of an evil, agree that the becoming once more the world's example of a
world would be much better for its removal, nation resting upon moral ideas, by retracing
and refuse to shape his actions in the slightest the downward path of the last decade, by ceasing
degree toward that desirable end. He is, if to share in the senseless rivalry for power that
anything, worse than the man who, whether
is slowly but surely bankrupting the nations of
plain voter or high-placed statesman, is always the older world.
ready to pay voluble lip-service to the ideal of
Turning for a final word to the peace prob-
peace, but whose every political act favors in-
lem in its world-wide aspect, we may say with
creased taxation for war purposes, and is exerted confidence that the signs have been steadily
for the encouragement of the military spirit. brightening for years.
The hypocrisy or the moral cowardice of this
“ Forward then, but still remember how the course of
man soon becomes fairly evident to his fellows,
time will swerve,
and his protests come to be taken at their true Crook and turn upon itself in many a backward
value.
streaming curve."
The notion that bristling armaments con- Tennyson's admonition should keep us from
stitute the most effective means of preserving being unduly depressed by temporary happen-
the world's peace is probably the most mischiev- ings that seem to put back the hand upon the
ous notion at present perverting the minds of dial. The Hague conferences are solid facts
>


1909.]
315
THE DIAL
me.
a
a
that outweigh in significance any recent exhibi- He turned and became one with the shadows
tions of the military spirit. The principle of
of the middle distance, and so went from my sight
arbitration is becoming more generally accepted and memory;
all the time, and the list of its triumphs of
I moved slowly down one side of the room, recog-
recent years — of possible wars which it has nizing old friends here and there, smiling at a
averted— is, if read intelligently, extremely
memory of this one, taking down another, or reading
impressive. There is a new hope in the minds irregular line of progress brought me in time to a
the title-page or a line or two of a third. An
of those who love mankind, and it is fed from
spot which had been my goal from the moment of
many springs. The questions of peace, the my entering the room. This was a corner where
reduction of armaments, arbitration treaties, a the ten or twelve lower shelves held what I knew to
humaner code of international law, the federa- be a rarely interesting collection of works on a special
tion of nations, and international parliaments subject. I knew this ; but how, it is not clear even
and tribunals, are no longer debated with to me, except I know that to those who give their
scholastic nicety as mere intellectual exercises ;
lives to working and playing with books there is
they are escaping from the academic into the
vouchsafed in return a subtle power of reading them
from the outside. I knew this was an unusual
practical sphere, and are being taken seriously
collection. It looked it, – that is all.
by men of affairs. Something must result from
Here were Strozzio Cigogna, Martin Del Rio,
all this ferment of enlightening discussion, not Ulric Molitor, Johann Osiander, William Perkins,
all that we hope, for many weary generations Flood, Pomponazzi, Salverte, Wier, Bodin, and
perhaps, but enough to make us feel that our threescore more, writing on the nature, methods, and
efforts are anything but futile, to make us fore- history of that great department of human folly
see for our descendants a fairer and saner world known broadly by the terms “ Magic, Sorcery, and
in which to work out their destinies.
Witchcraft." I scanned a few of the titles with the
feeling of wonder and the sense of the mysterious
which anything connected with these exploded faiths
and theories of our forefathers always engenders.
THE WICKEDEST BOOK IN THE
I took from its shelf a particularly fine copy of
Martin Del Rio's Disquisitionum magicarum, libri
WORLD.
sex. His engraved title-page held me for a moment ;
Not long ago I had occasion to visit an ecclesias- but muttering, “lesser men, lesser men,” I searched
tical library in one of our older American cities. the range before me for the master, the father of
To one whose work has been for years under the them all, the Inquisitor Sprenger, the cursed of
somewhat deadening influence of the routine of a
many, the arch-fiend.
perfectly-appointed conventionalized modern public There he was, right at my hand, bound in dark-
library, this day spent in an atmosphere stuffy with green half-morocco and boards of the same modest
tradition and with the things that come with tradi- and unobtrusive shade, in appearance an indeter-
tion was as a sip of forbidden wine.
minate sort of book. On its back was stamped in
My business with the keeper early finished, he severe roman capitals the simple legend Malleus
gave me the freedom of his shelves, leading me from maleficarum (“ Hammer of witches ”). Its former
one room to another, each in turn a fresh delight to owner had bound it in this inconspicuous fashion, it
my antiquity-starved soul. It was a very patriarch may be, that its individuality might be lost in the
of a library, with old-fashioned shelving from floor high-piled shelves of his
high-piled shelves of his great library - a fitting
to ceiling, laden to the breaking point with the trea- punishment for its iniquities, which are as scarlet.
sures of the ages, and these for the most part in Else would he have covered it with leather stained
their original editions. Here were shelf upon shelf blood-red, and tooled around the edges and on the
of folios dressed in vellum, pigskin, and calf; of back a design of bodies writhing distortedly in pain ;
graceful aristocratic quartos in like subdued splendor, for this is a book of blood and human suffering, of
and of octavos without number in every sort of bind- | burnings and drownings, of slow death by torture,
ing material known to the craft.
and of sudden awful death.
At last we passed through a dark
passage
into Jacob Sprenger! The name means nothing to
room of the width and length of a railroad passenger you and me to-day, but not Herod and not Nero,
coach and as high as six of them piled one upon villianously intentioned though they were, have on
another. From floor to ceiling the side walls were their heads or hands more than one small part of
made beautiful by a king's ransom in books - books the blood and pain that must one day be answered
of every shape, size, and color, and on every possible for by this black-browed fanatical tool of popes, this
subject. At either end the light filtered sleepily Satan's whipper-in, who scourged the world in his
through Gothic windows of colored glass, obstructed lifetime and dying left his heritage, this “maul for
in its passage by the thick ivy which covered the the sorcerers to carry death and heart-breakings
building, not sparing even the windows. The keeper into parts far beyond his mortal reach. During his
went with me to one end of the room, and there left life he swept restlessly through Germany and the
a
a
>


316
[May 16,
THE DIAL
its
In one
the copy
A
a
Tyrol, burning and torturing, sending two or three be the parent of. In appearance it seems to tell of
hundred persons to the stake with every year of his
the service it has done; the dark splotches upon
mission. The little town of Ravenspurg alone paid pages might almost be the blood-stains of its victims.
toll to the persecution at the rate of ten slaughtered Those marginal notes in mediæval Latin doubtless
innocents a year for five successive years.
spell the condemnation of many an honest burgher's
district the convictions were so niany that the people wife or daughter. A bundle of paper
and printer's
rose in rebellion, reasoning perhaps that the death ink it is now, and innocuous; but what a compact
,
of the sword was a cleaner and a sweeter one than mass of villainy does it represent, this book, the
that of roasting in a wood fire. What darkening of “ wickedest book in the world ”! One might read
counsel had this man hearkened to ?
here on almost any page that which would bring a
He was very
much of a modern in some ways, was smile to his face unless he remember the piteous
this Sprenger. To-day if king or president commis- throng of those whose bodies twisted and strained
sion a man to an unusual field of labor, he makes at their bonds, shrieking and writhing as the red
notes assiduously with the view of publication when flames touched their flesh. Then he is inclined to
his work is done. Pope Innocent VIII. had laid regard more gravely the vast credulity and the terri-
upon Sprenger the duty of exterminating the heresy ble sincerity of the old persecutor, upheld as it was
of witchcraft, giving him extraordinary powers that by the banal logic of the age in which he lived.
the work might be done quickly and thoroughly. Sprenger divides his book into three sections
After many years of unceasing devotion to the cause, treating of what witches are, how to combat them,
Sprenger brought out his book. He made a more and how to obtain their sure conviction in the courts
profound study of the whole subject of the super- of law; the last, if we may believe him, a very diffi-
natural than anyone had been able to do before him, cult process because of their demonic relationship.
and the result of his reading and of his observation If there were not in us to-day an attitude of mind
he compiled into this treatise, the "Hammer of toward these things which assures us that they are
Witches."
Folly's very self, no one reading here could withstand
As I looked
upon
before me, I seemed the combined weight of the aggregation of authori-
to enter for a moment a gloomy Inquisitorial cham- ties and of the mass of authenticated instances of
ber, where sat the black-gowned tribunal. I went demonic influence which are piled one upon
another.
And it is equally certain that but for the horrible
would not confess to having kept in his possession a results of the author's simplicity, no one could read
Baptized Toad. He was taken into another room without amusement some of the passages wherein
and things were done to him which made
my
blood he discusses in all good faith such mooted points as
chill in its course. When he was led back, he con- the possibility of demons exercising their hellish
fessed himself guilty of everything whereof he was functions among men in the form of animals ;
accused, and that night he died of his hurts. whether they are capable of procreation; and why
I returned with a shudder to the book in my hand. women are found practising demonic arts more
It was as though I were looking in reality upon the generally than men. In the second book the author
.
hideous machine by which in my vision I had seen is concerned with methods of withstanding the crafts
a human being twisted and torn to his death; for and assaults of the Adversary. One refrains from
this
copy
of the “ Malleus was one of a fifteenth- laughing here, too, for through it all runs a childlike
century edition, published during the life of Sprenger. faith in God and His Son; and no matter how
It
may
be that he once held this very copy in his absurd the setting, the picture of Faith is never
hand, and presented it to some younger Inquisitor funny, although, as in this case, it may be pitiable.
in order that the flaming torch of ignorance and He tells of the cooperation one may look for from
fanaticism might go down undimmed from one gen- the angels in this age-long battle, of the power of
eration to another. This harmless looking compound exorcism inherent in Holy Church, and of the every-
of paper and printer's ink has doubtless been the day precautions one may take against the loss of
death of many a victim of the persecution which sent homes, human life, and cattle. The third book gives
its tens of thousands of persons to the stake, sacri- the forms of action in the civil and ecclesiastical
fices to the blood-lust, prey of the forces of selfish courts against a person accused of demoniacal
fear and superstition. Reading here, some judge, relationship. It tells how to follow the evil spirit
ecclesiastical or civil (for both were in it), has been through his transmutations, how to catch him nap-
convinced for once and all time of the justice of the ping, how to entrap him into admissions, of the
death penalty for witches. Some devil's advocate, examination of witnesses, of the amount and kind
quoting hence, has sent a maiden, torn from her of torture to be applied. The case was to be begun
lover's arms, to the arms of the executioner and the invariably by the notary with the words, “ In the
kisses of the flames.
name of the Lord Amen."
It has a sinister look, this copy of the “Malleus." The radical defect in the character of our fathers
Its narrow columns of unusually crabbed gothic of the “wonderful fifteenth " century seems to have
letters, its soiled pages, its gnawed and blackened been the absence of a sense of humor in viewing
edges, make of it an evil-looking volume, - such a their own actions and experiences. It is conceivable
one as that persistent, hot-eyed Sprenger would fitly that of a winter's midnight they should believe them-
a
2


1909.]
317
THE DIAL
>
a
a
a
-
selves visited by a succubus, or carried off astride a philosophy, with all its pitiful illogic, its syllogisms
broomstick to make merry at a Witches' Sabbath, and enthymemes, its fallacies and idols, its dialectic
for their houses were gloomy and cold, and their disputations, its quiddities and quoddities, its endless
beds hard and not overclean ; but the wonder to us controversies about the nature of things which matter
is that in the clear light of the morrow they should nothing-vanity, vanity! It is no great wonder that
insist upon the reality of their night's experiences. he and his age lost the clear vision ; that they went
Few men are so bold at midnight, even now, as to mad on the subject of demons, vampires, witches,
express a positive disbelief in the supernatural ; but and diviners. His parents had doubtless accepted
at nine in the morning they will laugh at the idea, these things as an article of faith. It may be that
and at themselves for their momentary weakness. his mother's cousin had been burned for attending
Nobody laughed at Sprenger, though, when he a “Sabbath,” or for sundry other occasions of inter-
S
published his "Malleus." He had the Pope's appro- course with Satan, confessing her guilt after the
bation, and a letter from the faculty of the University first half hour of the strappado, willing to acknow-
of Cologne prefixed to the text, the latter instrument ledge herself Antichrist for surcease from that tear-
expressing unqualified assent to the matter and pur- ing of flesh and wrenching of joint. It would have
pose of the book. It ran into several editions during been strange had he not held the beliefs of his age;
his lifetime. It found its way into the libraries of Erasmus, Martin Luther, Sir Thomas Browne, John
the various chapters of the Holy Office throughout Wesley, Sir William Blackstone, these are some
Europe. It became the Inquisitor's vade mecum, of the men who, with better opportunities than his,
his handbook of instructions for daily use; for dur- have believed in witches. We to-day have broken
ing the next hundred years the heaviest work of the ourselves of the habit of credulity; that is the
Inquisition was the extirpation of the witchcraft difference.
heresy, and this book pretended to show how that With my point of view changed somewhat by the
could be brought about. Sprenger's book was un- byway into which my thoughts had wandered, I
doubtedly a success. It probably held its place as replaced Sprenger's "maul ” upon its shelf. I had
“ best seller” for several years after its publica- taken it down in a sort of rage, calling its author
tion, and no wonder, for it was racy entertainment arch-fiend ; but now something of the large charity
indeed compared to the long sermons and the heavy of that library had entered me. It held within its
philosophical disquisitions with which the presses of walls all the conflicting opinions of the world, offer-
that day were burdened.
ing to no one of them more space than to another,
I turned again to the letter of the faculty of the or more protection against the enemies of books. It
University of Cologne. Its first words were enclosed them all within its warm dim bosom, and
the name of our Lord, Jesus Christ, Amen,” phrases they and it were at peace.
which flowed readily from the pens of the church- “ Yonder are brave books,” I thought, passing to
men of that day, and their presence here could another range. I removed from an upper shelf, and
be but the conventional use as a form of opening bore to the window for better light, a copy of the
in letters and documents. But as I thought more "Angelic Doctor" Thomas Aquinas, Super quarto
about it, their position as almost the first words in sententiarum, printed, its colophon said, " by Nich-
,
the book became significant. For what, if not for olas Jenson in Venice in 1481. Praise be to God.”
Christ's sake, was this witchcraft persecution waged? After four hundred and odd the
paper was as
To Sprenger, all the varied forms of the delusion white as on the day of its manufacture, the ink as black
with which he had come in contact were evidences as in its first moment of impression, and the binding
of the activity of Satan and his legions embattled of stamped pigskin stretched over oaken boards was
against Christ and the Church. It was a pious duty unblemished by scratch or wormhole. The types
to fight it, - with the word of God first, and if not were beautiful and individual. Relieving the mo-
successful with that weapon, then with fire and notony of black against white were blue and red
sword.
initial letters and paragraph indications. Reluc-
We are told by Lecky, Lea, and the others who | tantly, — for time called, — I was about to put it
have studied this man's life, that his was not a cruel away, when a single shaft from the setting sun stole
disposition. If his lines had fallen outside the through the stained-glass window and fell upon the
Church, we should likely never have heard of him. exposed bosoms of the book. The mellow light
Like his father and his father's father he would softened and glorified the contrasted colors. I caught
have passed into oblivion, a kind husband, a kind my breath in a gasp almost of pain. It was a thing
parent, a worthy burgher of some German town. of perfect beauty, the perfection of art. I closed
Perhaps he would even have become an alderman the book, half ashamed; I felt as one who has seen
and
grown fat. As it is, he has lived to be cursed Diana naked.
justly, doubtless, - but only for doing his duty, or Unconsciously my thoughts went back to Sprenger,
what according to his lights seemed his duty. He as I realized that the age which had produced this
was deep in ignorance, criminal ignorance; but his beautiful book had also burned some hundreds of
education had not been of the kind that enlightens thousands of human beings. Sympathy for and appre-
ignorance. How had they, his masters, befuddled ciation of the fifteenth century, and its forerunners,
his straight-thinking boy's mind by their scholastic which men sometimes call the Dark Age, were
6 In
9
6
66
years


318
[May 16,
THE DIAL
IN
"
upon me ; sympathy for the generous error and the that marred, but everything that heightened, the
misdirected effort that pervaded it - appreciation perfect presentment of Mrs. Brown at her daughter's
of the wonderful accomplishment of which its annals wedding. As she stood upon the dais it seemed to
tell. This age burnt human beings by the thousand, the writer the imperial votress should have been
but it sent its hosts to die for the Sepulchre; it gave robed in a radiant diamond spangle[d] tunic, such
birth to Cæsar Borgia and that dog-brotherhood, but as Græco-Roman matrons wore, with a leopard skin
the mild Saint à Kempis is on more men's tongues over her shoulders and crowned with an ivy wreath.”
to-day, and Machiavelli is overbalanced by Savon- As a jumble of choicely inappropriate classical allu-
arola, Dante, and Petrarch. It drew the teeth of sion and flatulent rhetoric, the entire “story” well-
.
Jews to force them to discover their gold, but it nigh achieves the impossible.
nourished Wiclif, Chaucer, and the author of “ Piers
the Plowman"; against its pseudo-scientists, its NEEDED IMPROVEMENTS TYPOGRAPHY are
alchemists, its astrologers, its Mandevilles, it offers
now on the way, let us hope, to get themselves intelli-
Galileo, Copernicus, and that bold spirit Christopher gently devised and generally adopted. With a view
Columbus. If it was the most short-sighted era in to the prevention of unnecessary eye-strain among
the history of the nations, it was also the most re-
readers a movement likely to lead to important
splendent with genius, the most prolific in the inven- results was inaugurated at the April meeting of the
tion and growth of new arts and sciences. It
Boston Society of Printers. Upon motion of Mr.
produced such a book as the Malleus maleficarum ; Harry Lyman Koopman, librarian of Brown Vui-
but it perfected the printing-press, the mechanism versity, a committee was appointed to urge upon the
that was to make its teachings folly and the witch a Carnegie Institution the establishment of a depart-
bogey for children.
LAWRENCE C. WROTH. ment of research to make scientific tests of printing
type, in regard to the comparative legibility of differ-
ent letters and the possibility of improving certain
of their forms. This type-reform movement will
CASUAL COMMENT.
meet with more hearty and more nearly unanimous
THE STYLIST IN JOURNALISM is likely to encounter
approval than its sister movement for making obso-
certain embarrassments and difficulties in the pursuit lete our present spelling-books. A little reflection
of his calling. As the editor of "The Spectator
will convince anyone of the wide possibility of im-
remarks in a current magazine article (“ Are Jour-
proving our type. Small e is the worst offender of
nalism and Literature Incompatible ?” in “The
the alphabet, as proved by laboratory tests, while the
other six (t, a, i, n, o, s) of the seven most largely
Fortnightly Review” for April), “the trade of
used letters of the printer's font are also notoriously
journalism” and “the art of letters
are not per-
haps at irreconcilable odds, but their happy marriage
bad characters. Small i with its dot has a general
is a difficult matter. Plausible reasons readily pre-
resemblance to l; n and u are continually getting
sent themselves which seem to prove that this mutual
into each other's places ; o and e are insufficiently
hostility is not altogether unfortunate, while on the
differentiated ; and a (not italic) is often mistaken
other hand cogent arguments are not wanting to show
for s— in rapid reading, of course, and especially
with type or plates a little worn. Dr. Cattell of
that a higher literary tone in daily journalism would
greatly benefit all concerned. Neither purple patches
Columbia University has recommended the use of
of fine writing nor labored attempts at bald sim-
the script form of small a, and the substitution of
plicity are desirable, but rather that perfection of
Greek lambda for the present small l; and others
lucid literary style which leaves the reader all but
have urged the restitution of the old-fashioned long s
unconscious that there is any style at all in what he
in an improved form, lengthened below the line, and
either the abolition of the dot over the i or its eleva-
is reading. As an example of the extreme opposite
of this, we are tempted to quote, from a large city
tion to the level of the top of the letter l. These
daily before us, some extracts from a description of
and other suggestions of similar character are not
a recent fashionable wedding. The writer almost unlikely to result in some reformation (not too radi-
attains the height of the ridiculous in some of his
cal) of our printed alphabet, and thus in the saving
florid flourishes. “The science of perception and of
of our eyesight.
the perfection of beauty,” he begins, “cannot trace CARLYLE'S VIEW OF LITERATURE AS A PROFES-
its lineage much higher than from the Brown recep- SION was not rose-tinted. Close on the heels of the
tion. We venture the prediction that this reception publication of his love-letters to Jane Welsh, and
will hereafter be accepted as on a footing of equality hers to him, comes the auction-sale, this month, of a
with the elder branches that have made Baltimore rather long and important early letter of his ad-
beauty so world-famed.” And a little further on: dressed to one "M. Allen, Esq.,” who had offered
“ We know not what indefinable charm! It is him a secretaryship in case he chose to abandon the
as if Hyperion, the sun god, the incarnation of light struggle to make a living at authorship. But
and beauty, had reflected his sweetest rays over although the offer came in the course of what he
the notable gathering of Mr. and Mrs. Alexander called “the three most miserable years of my life,”
Brown.” And once more: “There was nothing | he rejected it.
he rejected it. A brief passage is worth quoting
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here as picturing the writer's state of dyspeptic absorbing mental activity of writing. On the other
despondency, in describing which, however, he evi- hand, old age has brought to many not only increased
dently took an artistic delight, of a gloomy sort. leisure for reading, but also richer satisfaction in the
The letter was written in January, 1821. “You companionship of books. To be sure, much that
asked me lately,” he says toward the end, “ if I pleased the youthful reader no longer interests the
would really take your secretary's place? And more mature; but, in compensation, the latter has
though I felt all the kindness implied in this ques-acquired a far wider range of interests and memories
tion, and though my prospects here are not the and associations, and while he is more discriminating
most brilliant, my situation not the most comfort- he also can find food for the mind in hundreds of
able, I should not have experienced very much hesi- books that meant nothing to him in youth. The
tation in answering no.
Literature is like money, writer who allows his passion for producing books
the appetite increases by gratification ; the mines of to kill his faculty for getting pleasure and profit
literature too are unwholesome and dreary as the from the books of others, is laying up remorse and
mines of Potosi; yet from either there is no return regret and vacant unrest for his old age.
and though little confident of finding contentment
happiness is too proud a term I must work, I
A CURIOUS INSTANCE OF FORESIGHT or was it
believe, in those damp caverns till once the whole
- attracts the attention
mind is recast or the lamp of life has ceased to burn merely a happy accident?
within it.” Had young Thomas Carlyle, by some
of magazine readers. Twenty-five years ago the
unwisely kind fate, been started in a walk of life popular novelist known to all the world as “Ouida,”
where there was nothing to complain of, how truly
and to some small part of it as Louise de la Ramée,
offered the J. B. Lippincott Co. two manuscripts for
miserable he would have been !
posthumous publication. They were accepted, paid
for, and put away in the company's safe, to await the
OUR LIBERAL LIBRARY RULES are often a sur-
death of the writer, an event which now has released
prise to those who have not been wont to avail
both the gifted woman's soul from its bondage of
themselves of their public-library privileges. The clay and the manuscripts from their prison of steel.
librarian in charge of one of the branches of the
The May number of “ Lippincott's Magazine "con-
Enoch Pratt Free Library of Baltimore tells us, in tains one of the articles; the June issue will contain
Dr. Steiner's current report, of a recent “novel
expe- the other. They are entitled "Shall Women Vote?”
rience ” of hers. “On two different occasions," she
and “Love versus Avarice.” Did the writer foresee
says, “ I have been offered payment, or rather a sort
the "suffragette" of this year of grace? It is
of collateral, of one dollar in each case, for a book asserted that she did, and, moreover, that “the
issued on a card, the borrowers explaining they did
somewhat startling reasons advanced by Ouida for
not think we would trust them with a book, when
the feminine unrest of to-day, and for the social evil
we knew nothing about them. On explaining to
'
that prevails, may be said to justify the author's
them that their borrower's card was all they need to unusual stipulation."
obtain a book, they thought it 'a very wonderful
system of spreading knowledge broadcast among the
DR. CROTHERS'S “HUNDRED WORST BOOKS," an
many who cannot buy it.' Do we need a better amusing catalogue amusingly annotated, which his
endorsement of the Free Circulating Library?” readers have been awaiting with some eagerness of
Much other matter of interest will be found in the interest, and which now appears in the May
Report. The city, by official action and by amend- “Atlantic,” is rather disappointingly defective.
ment of its charter, is now about to receive the With all its brightness and readableness, the article
benefit of Mr. Carnegie's generous gift of half a names only three of the expected hundred awful
million dollars for twenty branch library buildings. examples of what a book should not be; and these
Incredible as it may seem, last year was the first three are obscure and otherwise uninteresting works
year in which the city government made an appro-
that the writer happened to have in his own library.
priation for the Library's support.
The remaining ninety-seven, therefore, await the
kind attention of some other critic or critics. A
THE EFFECT OF AGE ON THE APPETITE FOR READ- good chapter could be written on really famous
ING is different in different persons. Hazlitt says: and deservedly famous old books that, for various
" “The greatest pleasure in life is that of reading, reasons, now have so decidedly negative an attrac-
while we are young.
I have had as much of this tion for us as to fall easily into the class of the
pleasure as perhaps anyone. As I grow older, it world's worst literature. There is, for example,
fades; or else, the stronger stimulus of writing takes Cudworth's learned and lauded work, “The True
off the edge of it. At present, I have neither time Intellectual System of the Universe; wherein the
nor inclination for it.” This was written about five Reason and Philosophy of Atheism is confuted” -
years before the author's death; but he died at the of whose author Dryden found it in his heart to say:
early age of fifty-two. Carlyle, in his later years, “He raised such strong objections against the being
often referred in his correspondence to the inferior of a God and Providence, that many thought he had
pleasure derived from reading as compared with the not answered them." And there is Dr. Erasmus
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Darwin's poem in quarto on
*« The Loves of the miles away, to which he made a weekly pilgrimage
Plants,” which inspired the parody, "The Loves of on foot, appears to have been his university; and
the Triangles," and which Byron dismissed as it was one that offered no seductive courses in
“ pompous rhyme.” To be worthy of inclusion even English prose fiction, of which he knew nothing in
in a list of worst books, a book should rise to the his youth. School-teaching followed as a natural
dignity of literature; the vast ocean of unregarded sequel to his studious pursuits ; then came a taste of
printed matter is out of the reckoning.
journalism, and, thirty years ago, his appointment
to the position held by him at the time of his death.
A BUNYAN MEMORIAL IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY The long list of Mr. Tillinghast's society and club
will before long, according to present indications,
memberships bears evidence to his variety of in-
put a stop to those expressions of surprise on the
terests. When, in 1897, Harvard made him a
part of visitors, and especially American visitors, Master of Arts, President Eliot, with his accustomed
that four years ago gave the first impetus to the aptness and terseness of characterization, thus
present movement for supplying a glaring and un- accompanied the presentation of the degree: “Caleb
accountable omission. It was a gathering of a Benjamin Tillinghast - State Librarian, sure guide
world's congress of Baptists in 1905 that first called to all the documents and records of the Common-
general attention to the tardiness of Bunyan's coun.
wealth, himself a living index at the service of every
trymen in rendering him due honor. As is acknowl-inquirer.”
edged by the English themselves, the lack of any THE SUICIDE OF JOHN DAVIDSON, the English
Bunyan memorial in England's Hall of Fame was poet — if he really has committed suicide, as is now
pointed out by American delegates to this conven- believed — is a most melancholy event; and be-
tion, and their interposition it largely was that led to
sides the painful shock it gives to even the distant
the call for subscriptions and the subsequent selection reader, there is necessarily something of shame and
of a suitable memorial. The latter will take the
humiliation in the thought of the act. Chatterton
form of a window depicting scenes from “The Pil- will never quite win our forgiveness for his lack of
grim's Progress.” A fund of about fourteen hun-pluck when in his loneliness and destitution he
dred pounds is being raised, of which more than suffered himself to be overwhelmed. Far less can
one-third has already been received or promised.
we contemplate with unmingled pity and indulgence
this later poet, and husband and father besides, in
CRAWFORD'S PLACE IN LITERATURE is being
his last moments of helpless despair. The life of
fixed, but not immutably, by current chroniclers of letters is, and probably always will be more or less
his death and critics of his life-work. In facility
subject to hardships : but it need not for that reason
and rapidity of execution he was little inferior to
be an unheroic life.
the astonishingly prolific Trollope ; and like him he THE PERENNIAL CHARM OF THE MYSTERIOUS is
wrote, and professed to write, not with a view to
illustrated by the eagerness with which Sir Conan
producing books that should live after his death, Doyle's and Mr. Hornung's detective stories are
but books that should enable their author to live
being read in France, especially in Paris, as fast as
comfortably until his death. Just which one of the
they can be translated and published ; and just now
lesser novelists of assured fame he stands nearest
this
process
is said to be a rapid one. To the
to on the mountain-slope that leads up to immortal fellow-countrymen of Emile Gaboriau these Anglo-
eminence, it is impossible to decide; but the variety Saxon followers in his footsteps make a strong
and ingenuity of his work, his wide knowledge of appeal, as might have been expected. Meantime
,
many men of many nations, and his interest in
native writers are not lacking to minister to the
the perennially fascinating problems of occult psy- national appetite for tales of complexity and puzzle-
chology, will win him readers for years to come, ment. Messrs. Maurice Leblanc and Gaston Leroux,
and it would not be surprising if his best books among others, are inventing tangled plots and devis-
(which in general are his earlier books) should out- ing elaborate complications for the wonder and per-
live those of authors now ranked as his superiors. plexity and delight of their readers. How many
thousands there are to be thrilled by exhibitions of
A VARIOUSLY GIFTED LIBRARIAN, and one who this mechanical ingenuity, so to speak, where a scant
was considered by his acquaintance an unusual com- dozen or fifteen will find their recreation and inspira-
bination of firmness without obstinacy, of amiability tion in a novel of real depth and power!
without weakness, and of diplomacy without insin-
cerity, died in Boston on the 28th of last month, and THE PUBLIC LIBRARY'S THREE-TENTHS OF A MILL
left the Massachusetts State Library without a head. - the tax levy imposed in some communities for
Caleb Benjamin Tillinghast, born at Greenwich, R.I., maintenance of this department of public educa-
in 1843, was brought up on a farm and struggled with tion - constitutes an absurdly small proportion of
—
the limitations of New England country life, attend- the whole tax. Millions for graft, but only a few
ing district school in the winter, and reading all the reluctant thousands for literature — such is virtually
books within his reach. An association library five the motto of many city finance committees. The


1909.]
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Library Board of Toledo, Ohio, finding the present Putnam and the legal advisers associated with him.
annual appropriation sadly inadequate to the increas- The committees, who gave four years to the study of
ing demands made upon the library, pleaded with a
the subject, and made the fullest examination, recom-
hard-hearted committee of finance for an increase
mended the new bill unanimously; it is evident that
of two-tenths of a mill in the tax levy, to be added to
these gentlemen were not favorably impressed with the
justice of the arguments against importation for use and
the customary three-tenths. And what is the answer
not for sale
to this prayer? A paltry three-hundredths of a "Mr. Putnam's arguments are, if we understand them,
mill! The natural and, it is to be hoped, salutary as follows:
result is a storm of protest and expostulation from 1. Importation of copyrighted books is forbidden
indignant lovers of books. This matter, impres- in England, but allowed in the United States by the
sively set forth in the current report of the Toledo
new law. The truth is that non-British editions of
Public Library, furnishes food for reflection.
books originating in England are forbidden importation
if imported for sale and copyrighted in England. Pre-
cisely the same applies in the new law. Foreign editions
MR. MEREDITH'S ESTIMATE OF SWINBURNE finds of books by an American author are forbidden importa-
expression — or partial expression - in a letter to tion by individuals. Foreign editions of books by an
Mr. Theodore Watts-Dunton, written immediately English author are not forbidden importation into the
after the poet's death. “ Song was his natural United States, when imported for use and not for sale.
voice,” says Mr. Meredith. “ He was the greatest
Foreign (American) editions of books by an American
of our lyrical poets - of the world's, I could say,
author are not forbidden importation into England. The
conditions are absolutely the same, except that libraries
considering what a language he had to wield.” He
are allowed unrestricted importation of single copies of
continues, in a personal vein: “But if I feel the loss
any book in the new United States law.
of him as a part of our life torn away, how keenly 2. The privilege of importation of copyrighted books
must the stroke fall on you
and at a time of pros- for individual use was “ interpolated into the act of
tration from illness. Happily, you have a wife for 1891 during the last hours of the session.” This is
comfort and consolation. That helps to comfort simply an absolutely false statement. The matter was
me in my dire distress of mind on behalf of
debated in the Senate on several occasions. Anyone
your
stricken household which I see beneath the shadow.”
desiring to read the speeches in favor of this provision
This warmth of eulogy is necessarily something dif- beginning on February 9, 1891. They will find speeches
should examine Vol. 22 of the Congressional Record,
ferent from the cool judgment of posterity ; but its
by Senator Frye, Senator Sherman, and others on this
source gives it a measure of authority.
3. Mr. Putnam cites the Cambridge History of En-
AUCTION SALES OF OLD AND RARE BOOKS have
glish Literature as showing the injustice of the law to
shown no evidence of the general hard times in the
the American publisher. Let us look at the facts. This
work sells, in the American edition, to the American
past year. In New York, for instance, no fewer than
private student, for $2.50 per volume. The English
twelve hundred records for high prices were made edition sells to the English student for seven shillings
at Anderson's auction rooms, and the sales of the and sixpence, which at the usual rate of exchange means
large Poor, Chamberlain, and Hermann collections $1.82. To import a copy of the work, through an
are said to have aggregated about three hundred importer in New York City, will cost about $2.30. It
thousand dollars. Rare old first editions and auto- could not be imported for this price through some of
graph copies are luxuries, but there have ever been the houses which charge such rates for importation as
those who would sooner forego the necessities than
would be charged “if imported through the American
the luxuries of life ; or at least they say they would.
copyright proprietor.” It can be imported, for a library,
for about two dollars, not as Mr. Putnam says, for more
than the American edition costs, "equally attractive in
form.” From many years' experience, we can confi-
dently say that many of our English purchases cost us
COMMUNICATIONS.
over twenty per cent less than the best American price,
and, as it often has been six months before an American
edition is published, we can wear out a copy of the book
FROM THE LIBRARY COPYRIGHT LEAGUE.
before the American publisher decides it is a commer-
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
cial success to publish it. The English editions are
It was to be presumed that the passage of a new often better.
copyright act by the last Congress would end copyright 4. Mr. Putnam wants us to import “under the permis-
discussion for a time. It would please those who have sion of the owner of the copyright.” This was the “joker”
opposed the contentions of the American Publishers' on which the publishers chiefly relied to establish a con-
Copyright League if the matter could have rested at trol of prices. Suppose the owner of the copyright "
least until the next session of Congress.
asked a price equal to one dollar for every shilling that
We cannot allow, however, the glaring misstatements the book cost in England. Why shouldn't he? Where
contained in Mr. George Haven Putnam's letter in your would the American student be then? Just where the
issue of April 16th to go unchallenged, if only for the publishers of books have been trying to put him, entirely
sake of truth.
at their mercy.
All of the arguments which he advances were ably It is a well-known fact that the American Publishers'
presented to the committees on patents, both by Mr. Association has been trying to increase the price of
very matter.


322
[May 16,
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books to “all the traffic will stand” for a long time.
If it had not been for the fear that they wonld be prose-
The New Books.
cuted for infringement of the Sherman law, they would
have kept up their open agreement to control book
prices, instead of as at present doing it under the cover A LIFE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH.*
of " advice to the members.” Frightened by a decision
in Pennsylvania in the “retail drug” cases, they pre-
An autobiographic volume from the eminent
tended to abrogate their agreement in January, 1907. author of " Hereditary Genius” is a book to
They have tried to establish their monopoly by suits at take up with confident expectation of enjoyment
law, by an attempt to have monopoly clauses inserted
and instruction. It is now forty years since
in the copyright bill, and, as a last resort, their printers
asked the Committee on Ways and Means to do away
that epoch-making work made its appearance
with free importation, and raise the duty from twenty-
and elicited from Darwin a letter of enthusiastic
five per cent to seventy-five per cent. They failed in
commendation. " I do not think I ever in all
the courts, they failed in the copyright bill, and they my life read anything more interesting and
will fail in the tariff bill.
original,” he wrote; "and how well and clearly
Mr. Putnam alleges that “the librarians who have
standing arrangements with purchasing agents in Lon- you put every point! ... I congratulate you
don, find it an inconvenience to instruct these agents to on producing what I am convinced will prove a
except from their shipments books which are being pro- memorable work.”
duced in Copyright American editions." This state- Well and clearly, too, are the main events
ment is so remarkable and so contrary to what we know
from personal experience of the practice of libraries that
and interests of Mr. Galton's busy life related
Mr. Putnam ought to give the basis of this statement
in this latest product of his active pen. “Mem-
in order to obtain any credence for it.
ories of my Life” he entitles his reminiscences,
One more point. The English author gets less royalty and he writes with such restraint and compres-
for a copy of his book sold in America than for a copy sion that little more than three hundred octavo
sold in England. The usual royalty for the colonies
and America is one-half that for Great Britain, just as
pages are required by him for the telling of his
the royalty for an American author for copies sold in story. It might well have been longer without
England is usually one-half that for copies sold in wearying the reader. But the author chose to
America. The object of a copyright bill, we have sup- give serious heed to Falstaff's words, “ Lord,
posed, was to secure remuneration to the author. Mr.
Lord, how subject we old men are to this vice
Putnam's prohibition of importation would result in less
royalty to the man who wrote the book, and a higher
of lying,” and to err on the safe side of truth
price to the man who wants to read the book. It would and brevity.
result in the impoverishment of both for the benefit of Mr. Galton's age (he was born in 1822) and
an American publisher. It would prevent, instead of vigor and versatile powers are apt illustrations
assisting, the free spread of printed thought.
No foreign nation has a law which forbids the im-
of those principles of heredity whose study has
portation of books for use and not for sale. A lengthy furnished him his favorite pursuit. Grandson
compilation by the Librarian of Congress establishes of Erasmus Darwin, and hence cousin to Charles
this fact, and all the great legal authorities on copyright | Darwin the naturalist,
Darwin the naturalist, he numbers among his
announce this privilege of importation as existing. In
Canada, such importation is compulsory on the copy-
near kin many persons of marked character if
right proprietor. These facts should be known, and
pot of genius; and that physical vigor and
should not be misrepresented.
length of life which often characterize the well-
BERNARD C. STEINER (Enoch Pratt born are found in not a few of his ancestors on
Free Library),
both sides. The reappearance in himself of
President Library Copyright League.
ancestral traits, and the influence of environment
W. P. CUTTER (Forbes Library),
May 1, 1909.
in his formative years, have naturally seemed to
Secretary.
the author more noteworthy than those incidents
“THE BLUE BIRD” AT MOSCOW.
of his life that would appeal only to curiosity or
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
a desire to be entertained. “ There are,” he
In his delightful appreciation of “The Blue Bird” stops to explain at one point, “ many incidents
in the May 1 number of THE DIAL, Mr. Edward E.
that I could tell about this time of my life that
Hale, Jr., wonders whether M. Maeterlinck's new play
has ever been staged. It has been played in Moscow, might be interesting in some sense, but which
in the wonderful Art Theatre of M. Stanislawski. In are foreign to the main purpose of such an
“ The Mask,” that unique journal of the theatres of the autobiography as mine, which is to indicate
world, published at Florence, Italy, Mr. Gordon Craig how the growth of a mind has been affected by
has written in enthusiastic terms of the work of this
circumstances.”
successful non-commercial theatre, and recently he de-
voted an interesting article to the acting of “ The Blne
Medical studies formed the chief interest of
Bird” there.
MARGARET VANCE.
MEMORIES OF MY LIFE. By Francis Galton, F.R.S.
Oak Park, Ill., May 5, 1909.
>
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1909.]
323
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a
his youth, and he came within a little of becoming in this new science, which is to accomplish much,
a practising physician ; but his father's death he hopes, for the amelioration of the human race.
.
and his own inheritance of a comfortable fortune The theory of the thing is beautiful. Let us
operated to turn his thoughts toward travel and quote our scientific Utopian.
adventure. Consequently, after taking his degree “ After I had become satisfied of the inheritance of
at Cambridge and devoting some time to the all the mental qualities into which I had inquired, and
gentlemanly pursuits of hunting and shooting, that heredity was a far more powerful agent in human
he entered upon those Eastern and African
development than nurture, I wished to explore the range
of human faculty in various directions in order to ascer-
travels and explorations that bore fruit in vari-
tain the degree to which breeding might, at least theo-
ous memoirs and addresses and in his first book, retically, modify the human race. I took the moderate
“ Tropical South Africa," and also led to his and reasonable standpoint that whatever quality had
election as Fellow of the Royal Society. The appeared in man, and in whatever intensity, it admitted
Geographical Society, too, presented him with Consequently a new race might be created possessing on
of being bred for and reproduced on a large scale.
a gold medal “ for having at his own cost, and the average an equal degree of quality and intensity
in furtherance of the expressed desire of the as in the exceptional case. Relative infertility might
Society, fitted out an expedition to explore the
of course stand in the way, but otherwise everything
centre of South Africa, and for having so suc-
seemed to show that races of highly gifted artists, saints,
mathematicians, administrators, mechanicians, contented
cessfully conducted it as to enable this
labourers, musicians, militants, and so forth, might be the-
Society to publish a valuable memoir and map oretically called into existence, the average excellence of
in the last volume of the Journal, relating to a each race in its particular line being equal to that of its
. As
most highly gifted representative at the present moment.”
explorer, Mr. Galton takes occasion to question In one of his chapters the author explodes a
sons.
а
the seriousness of Livingstone's situation when popular belief which has even more recently been
the “ New York Herald” undertook, with such proved false. He tested the delicacy of the
blare of trumpets, his rescue through the instru- touch-sense of a large number of blind children,
mentality of Stanley. He writes :
first promising a reward to those who should
“I was on the Council of the Royal Geographical display the greatest degree of sensitiveness.
Society during all the time in question, and can testify Accordingly all did their best, “but their per-
to our extreme desire to help Livingstone, but in his formances fell distinctly short of ordinary per-
later years he had become difficult to meddle with. He
had a brusque resentment against anything that might
The experimenter afterward found “a
be construed into patronage, feeling, as I understood,
marked correlation between at least this form of
that he had been over-much'exploited' by his admirers. sensitiveness and general ability.”
There was great fear by those in the Council who knew
The impressions made by great men on one
him better than I did, that he might be annoyed by any
another are often significant and instructive.
attempt to relieve him, and would resent it yet more
bitterly than Emin Bey subsequently resented Stanley's Mr. Galton's remembrances of Herbert Spencer
compulsory relief. Again, there was no reason to sup- contribute some most readable pages to his book.
pose Livingstone to be in serious want. He was thor- The Synthetic Philosopher once accompanied
oughly accustomed to natives of the widely dispersed him to the Derby, but had already arrived by
Bantu race, among whom he probably then was. He
deduction at so accurate a conception of the
travelled without a large party or other encumbrance,
so that the favour of even a single chief, such as he
whole event that it failed to interest him. He
might reasonably expect to gain, would amply suffice also said that the crowd of men on the grass
for his wants. Besides this, he did not care to write, looked disagreeable, like flies on a plate. “ Still,
and there was no knowing where a man like him might
be, who had already walked right across Africa and
he evidently liked the excursion, and notwith-
back again. . . . One wishes that the whole thing could standing his asseverations at the time to the
have been effected with less secrecy in the beginning, contrary, he repeated his experience on at least
and less ostentation and comparison of Americans and one subsequent occasion." From each of these
English to the prejudice of the latter."
now fortunate in possessing a
Besides being a pioneer in the systematic “ human document" of value, though the later
study of heredity, Mr. Galton originated the writer has taken himself far less seriously in his
now accepted system of finger-print identifica- autobiography than did his predecessor.
tion (with which M. Alphonse Bertillon is often In visits at Lord Ashburton's country place,
credited), and was the first to take up seriously Mr. Galton twice met Carlyle, who on the
the study of eugenics, or race-improvement. second occasion seemed to him “the greatest
The very name “eugenics we owe to him. A
bore that a house could tolerate."
ellowship and a scholarship have been endowed
“ He had a well-known story then to the fore, which
by him in London University for research work W. H. Brookfield . . . told me he had indulged in five
men we
are
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[May 16,
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times that day already, and undertook that he should any study of the recent history of the Far East,
repeat it for my benefit a sixth time, which he did.
and Mr. Millard has no doubts as to the signifi-
Then Carlyle raved about the degeneracy of the modern
English without
cance of some of her recent actions. But in a
any fact in justification, and contributed
nothing that I could find to the information or pleasure
book dealing with events of such recent date
of the society. He, however, executed a performance it is necessary that much of the discussion be
with great seriousness which was decidedly funny, by merely a statement of the opinions of the author.
hopping gravely on one leg up and down within the
pillars of the portico, which he had discovered to be a
And for that reason it is important to know in
prompt way of warming himself in the then chilly
what spirit Mr. Millard approached his task of
weather."
interpreting Japanese activities to the western
Thus unheroic do our heroes sometimes appear
world.
to their contemporaries.
In his preface the author states that " some
A line in “Who's Who” informs all whom persons will profess to find in this, as many did
it may concern that Mr. Galton's recreations in my previous work, an anti-Japanese preach-
are "sunshine, quiet, and good wholesome food.”
ment." But he disclaims any desire to injure
An author with such simple, sensible tastes is Japan. “I wish the Japanese nation and people
more than likely to write in a plain and terse success in aspirations which do not tend to
and readable style. The straightforwardness
cause international dissension and strife by
and unpretentiousness of Mr. Galton's book impairing interests of other nations. That the
win the reader's favor and hold his attention to present policy of Japan has this tendency is a
the end. The book has the excellent fault of conclusion I have reached after closely observing
being shorter than one could have wished.
its trend for several years, and from studying
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
its practical effects in localities where it is
directly applied.” So Mr. Millard's new book
may be taken as another thesis designed to prove
the dangerous possibilities of Japanese aspira-
AMERICA AND THE FAR EASTERN tions. And as with every thesis, the reader
QUESTION.*
must use considerable care in weighing opinions
So much history has been made in the Far advanced to support the text. One does not
East since the Russo-Japanese War that persons
have to read far to conclude that Mr Millard
desiring to keep well informed on the questions has already decided the case against the
of importance there must welcome any book Japanese, and that no evidence in their defence
presenting a summary of the recent events in need be urged. A striking example of his
Eastern Asia, and especially when the work is argument, and yet almost a typical one, is his
concerned particularly with America's interests reference to the Emperor. “One hears in Japan
in these developments. Such a book is Mr. varying opinions about the personality of the
Millard's study of “ America and the Far present Emperor. Many regard him as the usual
Eastern Question,” which continues the story figurehead, occupying himself, after Oriental
from the point where his volume entitled “The fashion, with sensual pleasures, and leaving the
New Far East” left it, in 1905, to the Root- cares of government to his ministers. The
Takahira notes of November, 1908. In this Crown Prince is generally regarded as being
period Mr. Millard twice visited the Far East, dull, almost a booby, and is not entrusted with
and much of his material is based upon his responsibility.” That many other people have
observations during these visits.
an entirely different opinion of the Emperor's
The title which Mr. Millard has chosen for personality is not mentioned. And this method
his book is somewhat misleading, for although of argument constantly appears when Japanese
about one-third of the chapters deal with various acts or motives are under discussion. The bad
aspects of American interests, fully one-half of report is given without any reference to qualify-
the book is devoted to a study of conditions in ing opinion.
Japan since the war and to Japanese activities Other examples of Mr. Millard's attitude
in Korea and Manchuria. A discussion of re- toward the Japanese might be mentioned if
cent happenings in China and a brief reference necessary. This apparent prejudice is very un-
to the Russians in Manchuria complete the book. fortunate, because Mr. Millard has had oppor-
That this emphasis is placed upon Japan is
tunities to study conditions which are of great
due, of course, to the importance of Japan in
interest to the western world. But it would be
difficult for anyone to accept unreservedly the
AMERICA AND THE FAR EASTERN QUESTION. By Thomas
arraignment of Japanese financial and industrial
>
F. Millard. Illustrated. New York: Moffat, Yard & Co.


1909.]
325
THE DIAL
Į
methods, of her conduct in Korea and her false- probable conduct of a war with Japan. A plea
ness in Manchuria, when it is based upon such is made for strongly fortified posts in Hawaii
evident lack of sympathy. Mr. Millard tells us and the Philippines, although if war breaks out
that "in estimating some matters Japanese are within five years Japan would confine her en-
a bit out of perspective just now.” Possibly deavors to an attack on the Philippines. Even
some readers may come to the same conclusion before the Panama Canal is completed the major
regarding this latest treatment of Japanese battleship fleet should be kept on the Pacific
policies.
coast. Briefly stated, Mr. Millard finds that
In dealing with China and her problems Mr. the United States has great interests in the
Millard is as sympathetic as he is severe in his Pacific arising from her trade and her insular
treatment of Japan. He has great hopes for possessions, and it will be necessary to play a
the reform movement. - China can wait for more important part in Eastern diplomacy until
a constitution and representative government. by her participation a stable balance of power
The abolition of extra-territoriality also in the Far East is created.
can wait.
But recovery of pseudo-political If one could have more confidence in the
foreign concessions and leaseholds, extension of soundness of Mr. Millard's views the present
a modern educational system, the creation of a work would be of considerable value. It is
modern army and navy, chiefly require money ; certainly most suggestive, and the style com-
and to get money China must reform her finan- mands one's interest. The thirteen appendices,
cial and fiscal systems. Here, then, is where containing the texts of treaties and other papers
real reform must begin.” Because of the
Because of the gen- from the treaty of Portsmouth to the Root-
uine community of interests between the United Takahira notes, add to the value of the book.
States and China we should adopt " an aggres- An index would have been much appreciated.
sive policy in Asia” which would serve to As the latest study of Far Eastern politics, Mr.
strengthen China against her enemies. But Millard's book should be read by all who desire
apparently this policy points to the giving of to follow recent developments there, and even
good advice, the stretching out of a friendly if they question the opinions advanced from
hand to support and guide China along a diffi- time to time they cannot fail to enjoy the treaty-
6. The United States can assume port gossip which enlivens the pages. It is
leadership in the Pacific, if an energetic policy always enjoyable, but rarely convincing.
is adopted ... and it is probable that unless
PAYSON J. TREAT.
America does again interfere in eastern affairs
another great war will occur in a few years.”
But in considering the work of the Americans
THE CENTURY OF THE CHILD.*
in the Philippines Mr. Millard is not only sym-
pathetic but highly optimistic. In this case the
Abundant food for thought and unlimited
administration is generally supported against material for discussion are to be found in Ellen
the critics on the spot, and policies and perform-
Key's “ The Century of the Child," which has
ances are highly praised. It is a pleasure to be just been translated from the Swedish — or,
again reminded that “ American officials and
more correctly, has just come to English readers
employés of the Philippine Government, of high through the German by double translation.
and low degree,constitute a body whose efficiency The original was published in 1900, and took its
and integrity is not surpassed, indeed is rarely title from a saying of one of the characters in
equalled anywhere. It is, I believe, superior in
“ The Lion's Whelp”: “ The next century will
morale and personnel to similar bodies in the
be the century of the child, just as this century
United States.” The first Philippine Assembly
has been the woman's century.”
It is unfortunate that the author's most
is discussed at some length, and commended,
especially for the way it assumed the responsi-
radical views, and those that are likely to be
bility placed upon it by the Commission. And thought subversive of morality, are set forth
even a good word is advanced for the Filipino in the opening chapter, which concerns mar-
as a laborer, when handled with tact and dis. riage and parenthood; for many readers will
cernment. This survey of the past few years
.
be turned aside at this point and miss the chap-
of the American administration is a most grati-
ters on Education which are the most valuable
fying one.
part of the book. Those who have patience
In the chapters entitled “ America's Position
in the Pacific” we have a discussion of the
cult path.
>
*THE CENTURY OF THE CHILD. By Ellen Key. Translation
of the German version of Frances Maro. New York: G. P.
Putnam's Sons.


326
[May 16,
THE DIAL
a
66
with the matrimonial heresies of this chapter, That the coming century is to be the century of
and will read further, are likely to discover that the child partly because the century just passed
they were at the beginning introduced to the was the woman's century, is a fact which Ellen
writer's greatest weakness as well as to her Key fails to recognize.
greatest strength. Her strength lies in her It is much the same with her treatment of
abstract ideals for the conditions under which Socialism. It is unfair to commend unreservedly
children should be born and educated; her a plan for pensioning mothers during the time
weakness, in her apparent inability to recognize their children need their care, without referring
and her obvious unwillingness to acknowledge to the fact that this is one of the cardinal
the part which religious and social institutions principles of Socialism; unfair, also, to accuse
have had in preparing the world for these ideals Socialists as a whole of obstructing protective
and their realization. We learn from biograph- legislation, a charge which can be fairly brought
ical sketches of Ellen Key, that she has severed against a small section of the party only.
her connection with all organized social move- The writer's attitude toward marriage is much
ments. Her book indicates that she has done the same as her attitude toward the woman's
this with a bitterness of spirit that makes her rights movement and Socialism. With her high
an unfair critic.
ideals for “the common living of man and
To illustrate: The 6 woman's rights move- woman,” she apparently fails to credit the in-
ment seems to her to stand only for an effort stitution of marriage and the legal protections
on the part of women to secure, solely for their which have been thrown about it with having
own satisfaction, educational advantages and fostered and promoted these ideals.
admission to professions and fields of activity But while we object to many of the conclu-
from which they have been excluded in the past
. sions of the book, our hearts go out in sympathy
There is within the movement, as she sees it, to the author, who, a keen observer of life, saw
no solidarity of spirit except that which has a that at the opening of this century (the twentieth
distinctly selfish purpose. To this understand-
To this understand after Christ) " the passions of men were still
ing we may not offer objection ; for every per- aroused in economic and in actual warfare,"
son has a right to his own definition of a term that despite all the tremendous development
so elastic as the “woman's rights movement." of civilization in the century just passed, man
We may, however, dissent when women as a had not yet succeeded in giving to the struggle
class, or any class of women, are held responsi- for existence nobler forms,” and that “Christian
ble for the demoralizing effect of modern factory people continued to plunder one another and
life upon working women and upon the homes call it exchange, to murder one another en masse
of working people. These effects can in fair- and call it nationalism, to oppress one another
ness be charged only to our industrial system, and call it statesmanship.” No wonder she was
and not to the ambitions of a sex.
led to criticize the conditions under which the
If it is true that the adherents of the woman's succeeding generations of this slowly developing
rights movement as Ellen Key knows it are race have been educated, and also the conditions
hopelessly blind to the fact that “the passion under which they have been born.
to discover truth must be accompanied by the The chapters on Education redeem the rest
passion to use it for the welfare of mankind,' of the book, although they contain much that is
that they are not interested in protective legis- inapplicable to our system of public instruction,
lation for women and children nor in supporting for we have abolished many of the abuses that
organized efforts of working women to improve are mentioned. Like Ellen Key, however, we
their own conditions, then there is for her only are still seeking a kind of education which will
one possible line of action ; i. e., to sever her give to the world “ new types of people with
connection with the movement and then to work higher ideals,
higher ideals, - travellers on unknown paths,
alone or to form new associations for the pur- thinkers of yet unthought thoughts, people
pose of gaining opportunity to work effectively capable of the crime of inaugurating new ways”;
in the interests of humanity. Individual de- and we acknowledge that we have in her not
velopment, however, must precede social use- only a companion in ideals but a leader in
fulness; and the woman's rights movement, even methods. Her chapters on Education are mas-
in the narrowest conception we have of it, has terly contributions to the literature of pedagogy,
secured for women the education and the train- the result of a profound sympathy with and an
ing necessary for efficient organized work in understanding of child nature, and of long
behalf of education, the home, and the child. experience in child-training.
>
>


1909.]
327
THE DIAL
a
men.
Except to those who insist upon rejecting as quotidian truth that few before him had the
a whole, if they cannot accept as a whole, any courage or clairvoyancy to enunciate.” It would
book that embodies a call to action, “ The indeed be convenient, could the sex be reduced
Century of the Child” offers abundant inspira- to a formula so simple.
tion. The truth is that it contains a definite Nevertheless, Mr. Huneker has made a book
programme for woman's future work, organized that is not only entertaining but helpful. His
as well as unorganized, in the interest of the studies are preëminently suggestive and sympa-
child. This, to be sure, can be read as a whole thetic. Those on Stendhal, Baudelaire, Flau-
only by patching together bits that are scattered bert, and Huysmans are especially informing,
about among the denunciations of peoples and and really assist toward an understanding of
institutions ; but the book itself is probably more or less cryptic creatures. Obscure facts
much more readable than it would be if the are brought to the light of day, and always a
programme were presented in orderly and sys- lively impression given of a personality hitherto,
tematic fashion.
CAROLINE L. HUNT. for most of us, walking in a mist.
Especially sympathetic are the three studies,
“ Phases of Nietzsche," in which the apostle of
the Overman is shown to be something besides
SOME VERY MODERN TYPES.*
an inconceivable freak both as man and thinker.
Mr.Huneker's previous studies of personalities The Ibsen paper, while it presents nothing really
in the world of drama and music will prepare the new, is in the main happily interpretative; the
reader for stimulation from his new book with author goes too far in declaring that the play-
the piquant title : “ Egoists : A Book of Super-wright “ lifted the ugly to heroic heights,” for
The title is perhaps not exact, for not poetry of a strange kind is seldom absent from
all his egoists are properly to be classed by the
his work.
In view of the little that has been
name made famous by Nietzsche ; still, they are
said in English about Huysmans, one of the
as a group characterized by certain stigmata
most valuable essays is that entitled “ The Evo-
which distinguish, more or less, the men he lution of an Egoist ”; it is worth while to have
studies : morbid subjectivity, irregular lives, traced for us so clearly the curious evolution of
and brilliant if erratic achievement.
a man who begins as a decadent making a cult
Mr. Huneker, with his interest in a field of the monstrous and the abhorrent, and ends
trodden by few critics, is doing a service by this a mystic monk. To my mind there is nothing
exploitation of writers and thinkers little known more penetrative in the book than the estimate
and less understood. It is perhaps inevitable of Walter Pater in a chapter called “ From an
that he has not entirely escaped the contagion Ivory Tower "), where that writer is described
of his theme, and so exhibits traits both of style as “an egoist of the higher type ; he seldom left
and thought which are not admirable. His
his tour d'ivoire ; yet his work is human and
diction is all his own, and has its fascination; concrete to the core.” One forgives the author
but it is an uneasy style, like a rapid series of much, because of such critical Hashes as that.
electric sparks. Even bon mots tire unless the
RICHARD BURTON.
law of relief and contrast is obeyed. Strange
and startling words occur, until the reader is
almost stunned ; repetitions are so frequent as A CENTURY OF COLONIAL HISTORY.*
to suggest that the author regards them as the
The second volume of Professor Edward
bugbear of small minds.
Channing's “History of the United States,
On the side of thought, this verbal smartness
which now, after three years' delay, has at length
sometimes leads Mr. Huneker to prefer cynical | been given to the expectant historical reader,
epigram or the clever half-truth to genuine seri- reveals anew the deep scholarship and rare charm
ousness of statement. Discussing Nietzsche, he
of style which commanded for the first instal-
says: “Gossip has whispered that he was hope-
ment universal approval. In the former part
lessly in love with Cosima Wagner. A charming of the work the beginnings of the Colonial era
theme for a psychological novel. So was Von
were carried down to the English Restoration
Bulow, once — until he married her.” Quoting of 1660. In the present volume, the opening
Stendhal's “Femmes ! vous etes bien toujours chapters of which are admirably correlated with
les memes,” he adds these words :
6. It is a
-
* A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. By Edward Channing.
EGOISTS: A Book of Supermen. By James Huneker. New Volume II., A Century of Colonial History, 1660-1760.
With
York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
maps. New York: The Macmillan Co.


328
[May 16,
THE DIAL
what went before, is covered that important thus leading up to a clear discussion of the
century which lay between the Restoration of Revolution and the reconstructed Colonial
sys-
the Stuarts and the Peace of Paris of 1763, a tem, with its new machinery and its additional
century of empire-building fateful in the annals legislation.
both of England and of America. In structure, In this first half of the book the tone has
the book consists of three parts : first, the nar- been prevailingly that of narrative, though many
rative of the development of the Colonies gen- interesting comments are interwoven, like those
erally to about 1700, and of Pennsylvania and on the sober trade of the Colonial merchants
the Carolinas to the middle of the century; and the more romantic ventures of Colonial
second, the description of various phases of pirates. But after selecting the Colonies of
Colonial civilization ; and third, the story of the Pennsylvania and the Carolinas for the special
rivalry of France and England in the New emphasis of their later development, the second
World.
part of the book becomes topical in treatment,
If any unfavorable criticism be deserved, it and we read chapters which are really brilliant
is to be grounded upon the absence of a com- little essays upon the labor system, immigration,
plete and unified survey of Colonial and Imperial religious toleration, education, industry, and
politics in the first half of the eighteenth cen- commerce of the Colonies. Finally, as we have
tury. Throughout the revolution of 1688 the already suggested, the last chapters are con-
treatment is systematic and admirably propor- cerned with the development of New France
tioned; but the epoch of Walpole's control of and Louisiana, and the subordination of these,
English affairs, it must be confessed, seems not in their most important parts, to Great Britain.
so skilfully handled or so thoroughly analyzed. Sometimes, though very infrequently, Pro-
Perhaps this difference is in a way but the reflec- fessor Channing seems to give a rather strained
tion of the circumstance that the earlier period interpretation to a document. An example is
has been as rich in monographic literature as found in the chapter upon the colonization of
the latter period has been neglected.
Carolina, where the writer maintains (p. 15) that
At the outset, Professor Channing recalls, as in the second charter to the Lords Proprietory,
is his wont, the close relations that constantly “the King went farther and himself granted
existed between English and Colonial history. liberty of conscience in matters of religious con-
He begins with the picture of that group of cernment to all colonists of Carolina who should
“colonizing courtiers" who encircled Charles II., live peaceably.” The wording of the charter,
|
and who found in the plantation of Colonies, as as Mr. McCrady we think has shown, indicates
in the African trade or the exploitation of that the King made no such direct grant, but
Hudson Bay, a possible source of replenishment merely re-stated in wider terms what the Pro-
for their shattered fortunes. Professor Chan- prietors might do, and promised that those to
ning then rapidly sketches the English commer- whom the Proprietors granted indulgences
cial system, in which the government adopted should not be molested. In his first volume,
the policy of those Puritans whose work the Professor Channing himself pointed out the
leaders of English politics under the later Stuart important connection between the phraseology
as to toleration in the Rhode Island Charter
destroy. There is due account of the various and that in the “ Instrument of Government
councils and committees which in this period of the Cromwellian period ; a little examination
looked out for Colonial affairs, though perhaps reveals that this Rhode Island Charter and that
somewhat scant notice is given of the influence given to the Carolina Proprietors in 1665 are
of the merchants, such as Povey and Noell, upon in the clauses respecting religion almost identi-
national policy. The author then takes up the cal. One wishes that Professor Channing would
narrative of the settlement of the Carolinas, the throw more light upon the whole question of the
conquest of the Middle Colonies, and the affairs relation of the Colonies to the religious policy
of New England through King Philip’s War. of Charles II.
After this he takes up the South, especially As in the former volume, we find here no
Virginia, and Bacon's Rebellion. Next follows illustrations beyond serviceable maps. The
an account of George Fox, William Penn, the appearance of the book is excellent, though a
Quakers, and Pennsylvania. The narrative few errors, usually in the case of dates, have
then turns back to the Northern-central Col- escaped the proof-reader; for example, on page
onies, and explains their relation to the French 28, 1672 for 1670; page 77, 1775 for 1675;
and the characteristics of the Stuart government, page 526, Brian Edwards for Bryan Edwards.
monarchy tried in so many other respects
to as
>


1909.]
329
THE DIAL
66
Jack afloat
and ashore.
a
66
a
"
More remarkable is the bibliographical refer- formulated in the author's lectures at Haverford
ence, in a footnote to page 210, to Dr. E. E. College, in the course known as the Haverford Li-
Sparks's “ Causes of the American Revolution brary Lectures. To Dr. King "the problem of
of 1689,” which at one time confuses both two friendship is the problem of life itself”; and the
Revolutions and two Doctors Sparks.
essentials of true friendship are, first, integrity and
breadth and depth of personality; second, deep com-
ST. GEORGE LEAKIN SIOUSSAT.
munity of interests ; third, mutual self-manifestation
and answering trust; and, fourth, mutual self-giving.
These fundamentals underlie all spiritual intimacies,
whether with God or man; and the surest guides to
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
the cultivation of these intimacies are the Beatitudes
For those who want a book of the old- and the thirteenth chapter of First Corinthians.
fashioned seagoing flavor, a mirror The highest services, the “two services of prime
of the manners of the sailors whom
significance,” that one friend can render another
Smollett and Marryat drew and Gay and Dibdin are thus described : “One may be, first of all, the
sang, here it is — “ The British Tar in Fact and
man he ought to be, and lay daily the unconscious
Fiction,” by Commander Charles N. Robinson, R.N. impress of a high and noble character upon his
(Harper). Of the regular naval histories and treatises
friend; and he
may
share with his friend his own
we have enough and perhaps to spare. But here is best vision, the vision of those ideals and motives
a book with a certain novelty of motif, material, and and personalities by which he himself most of all
viewpoint to recommend it. Its spring and raison lives.” And, near the end, the author inclines to
d'etre is frankly the profuse and curious illustrations. think the single, all-inclusive counsel necessary is
By describing these we can best characterize the this: “Stay persistently in the presence of the best
work. The author is a notable connoisseur and col- in the sphere in which you seek attainment. All
lector of old prints and engravings illustrative of sea the rest will take care of itself. Hear persistently
manners and types and the social side of sailor life the best in music. See persistently the best in art.
afloat and ashore. Collectively, they show the his- Read persistently the best in literature. Stay per-
toric British mariner, as contemporary pictorial sistently in the presence of the best in character.”
art, sentimental or humorous, patriotic or playful, Excellent advice, whether in a handbook to friend-
mirrored him; the hearty, breezy tribe of “ Tom ship or elsewhere.
ship or elsewhere. The author rightly emphasizes
Bowlings,”
.” “Ben Buntlines,” “Sweet Williams,” etc., the importance of activities as compared with passiv-
of play, novel, and ballad. Some plates are roughly ities, as a means of growth. The book is inspiring
Hogarthian in their robust truth.
Others are and helpful.
plaintively sentimental and tenderly quaint. More,
Mr. R. W. Neeser's “Statistical and
perhaps, are of the rollicking order, showing with old-
An important
fashioned frankness the high jinks of Jack ashore
Chronological History of the United
naval history.
with his “ Poll” and not altogether "Lovely Nan.”
States Navy” (Macmillan) is a com-
The “ sweet little cherub who sits
up
aloft” has very
prehensive reference book of unusual merit, partic-
evidently not thought it worth while to look out for ularly fitted to meet the needs of public libraries
the shore morals of “poor Jack.” In fine, Com-
and students of naval history. Only a part of the
mander Robinson’s gallery of reproductions (ninety- entire work is published in the two volumes that
five in all, with a pretty frontispiece in tints) is novel,
have been recently issued. They, however, are com-
entertaining, graphic, and not without serious illus- plete in themselves and do not suffer by being
trative value. The text suitably and interestingly detached from the succeeding volumes, which will
supplements the pictures, and is the result of much require several years more for their preparation.
painstaking research through a mass of old plays,
The complete work is divided by the author into
diaries, pamphlets, novels, ballads, that would stagger five parts, which are as follows: (1) Administration
a less enthusiastic worker. The book is prepared
of Department, and events and dates of reference
and written con amore, and carries a whiff of the
in United States Naval History; (2) Engagments,
brine for the initiated reader.
expeditions, and captures of vessels of war; (3)
Captures of merchantmen; (4) A complete record
From Cicero and his “De Amicitia," of every vessel's service and fate; and (5) Amer-
Fundamentals
of friendship,
to Dr. King and his treatise on “The ican Privateers, 1772–1862; the State Navies,
Laws of Friendship, Human and Di- 1775–1783; and the Confederate States Navy,
vine” (Macmillan) there have been countless writers 1861-1865. Volume I. is preliminary to the remain-
on this most beautiful (or should one rather say next ing volumes, and consists of a remarkably exhaus-
to the most beautiful?) of relationships. It is one of tive bibliography of the history of the American
the first articles in the creed of Oberlin's president, navy. It includes both manuscript and printed, both
Dr. Henry Churchill King, that the prime purpose
official and unofficial sources in all 9284 entries.
and highest end of life is the cultivation of friend- In Volume II., which contains Parts I., II., and III.,
ship with God and man; and this little book of his of the work, is disclosed the author's unique method
states the laws governing this friendship as they were of treating naval history. He finds that it is possible


330
[May 16,
THE DIAL
.
a
to present many important naval facts by means of informed the entire plan. Such could hardly fail
tables, showing at a glance the dates of engagements, to be the case with an enterprise conducted by
the ships and commanders taking part in them, the President Alderman, the late Joel Chandler Harris,
rate, tonnage, and armament of ships, the time of and Professors Charles W. Kent, C. Alphonso
action, the number of killed and wounded, and many Smith, Morgan Callaway, George A. Wauchope, and
other interesting items of information. Full refer- Franklin L. Riley. These men stand for the best
ences to authorities for every important naval event scholarship of the South, and inspire confidence
are given. While so mechanical a method of treat- from the start. Someone has said that “when the
ment has its defects, it does succeed in presenting South's literature becomes known, the history of
,
all the fundamental facts. The author and publisher American literature will be re-written.” We are not
have united in producing exceptionally accurate and quite sure of this, but we doubt not that some rela-
well-printed volumes. The indexes are full and form tive judgments will be revised, and the whole subject
a useful feature of the work.
seen in truer perspective. The generous scale of
this work saves it from too much scrappiness, and
Mr. John D. Rockefeller's serial
enables something like justice to be done to each
Memoirs of a
millionaire.
chapters of “ Random Reminiscences
author deemed worthy of inclusion. The two vol-
of Men and Events” (Doubleday)
umes now published exhibit forty authors, which
are now collected in book form, making a handy and enables us to make a fair estimate of the total num-
attractive volume of somewhat less than two hun-
ber. The last two volumes will be devoted to frag-
dred pages. To him who regards material success mentary matter, a biographical dictionary, and an
as the goal of life, this collection of commercial index. Among the authors now represented we note
experiences and business maxims will be a book of Mr. James Lane Allen, Washington Allston, J. J.
value as coming from the pen of (in the publisher's Audubon, Benjamin P. Judah, Thomas H. Benton,
words) “the greatest business genius and most William Byrd, Mr. George W. Cable, John C. Cal-
efficient organizer this country has ever produced.” | houn, and Mr. Madison Cawein, to mention only
But though the author is known the world over as a fairly famous names. There are women also,-Miss
money-getter of unsurpassed ability, he says - and Frances C. Baylor, Mrs. Kate Chopin, and, by a
his words should be taken for not less than they are somewhat liberal interpretation of geography, Mrs.
worth — " I know of nothing more despicable and Amelia E. Barr and Mrs. Frances Hodgson Burnett.
pathetic than a man who devotes all the waking Each of the volumes before us has four illustrations,
hours of the day to making money for money's all but one being portraits.
sake.” Mr. Rockefeller is known to cherish other
interests, some even of an artistic nature, as his love
believe in witches? If not,
of landscape gardening and tree-planting; and his
Mr. Oliver Madox Hueffer assures
and her magic.
donations to the cause of education have been more
you,
in his “ Book of Witches” (John
than regal. Referring to the alleged iniquities of McBride Co.), you belong to the world's educated
Standard Oil methods of business, he maintains that minority — but do not on that account make the mis-
if undue zeal has been shown in crushing competitive take of supposing that the witch is extinct in the
dealers, it has been “ in violation of the expressed mind of man, like the dodo. You yourself believe
and known wishes of the company.” Mr. Rocke-
in the Friday superstition, have been known to
feller's chapters, simply and briefly written, make patronize a palmist, or refuse to sit down with thir.
good reading, especially if read in connection with teen at table. Then don't be surprised to read in
Miss Tarbell's memorable volume of rather different your newspaper that a woman was accused of witch-
tone and complexion.
craft in the next county. A witch is almost as easy
to credit as a flying machine, and she has contributed
The Martin & Hoyt Co., Atlanta, have much to the contentment of credulous humanity, who
begun the publication of a “Library could blame her for their misfortunes which now
of the South.
of Southern Literature," a work plan- they must shoulder without the relief afforded by
ned to fill fifteen volumes, of which the first two are the old illusion. It is in such light vein that Mr.
now at hand. The plan of the “ Warner Library” Hueffer approaches his subject—in a spirit of appre-
is rather closely followed, and such a work could ciation rather than of scientific calculation. Having
hardly have a better model.
Each author repre-
proven to his own satisfaction that a revival of witch-
sented is given a signed critical and biographical craft is not impossible, he goes back to the good old
essay, which precedes the selected examples of his days of romance and magic, describes a “Sabbath-
work. Good writers have been secured for these general," explains ingeniously how the witch origin-
critical appraisements, and the list of their names, ated and how she differed from the other rulers of
coupled with that of the editorial and advisory coun- the half-way worlds, depicts her official insignia, and
cils, is of a nature to inspire confidence in the enter- gives a detailed account of her philtres, charms, and
prise. Like all subscription works, this one is made potions. There are also gruesome tales of witchcraft
" to sell,” but it is fairly obvious that salability has persecutions in the various countries of Europe.
not been the only end in view, and that ideals “ The Witch in Fiction ” makes an interesting study
of intelligent writing and sound judgment have and “Some Witches of To-day” explains the domi’
Do you
The witch
The literature


1909.]
331
THE DIAL
author of the
Anecdotes of
>
" The cus-
nance of witchcraft in the Orient, besides repeating quainted with Professor Goodnow's other writings on
some of the author's not particularly significant municipal affairs. In truth, the author, by the constant
experiences with reputed witches in Tuscany, South reiteration and elaboration of the familiar and the
Carolina, and rural England.
obvious, has expanded a few sane and wholesome
ideas into a volume of two hundred pages, infusing
A substantial volume bearing the
A possible
into the material more methodically set forth by
interesting title “ Thomas Pownall,
Messrs. Fairlie and Goodnow a commendable zeal
"Junius” letters. M.P., F.R.S., Governor of Massa-
for civic improvement and an earnest appeal to good
chusetts Bay, Author of the Letters of Junius,” by
citizens to bestir themselves to accomplish the desired
Charles A. W. Pownall, comes to us from Messrs.
result. An appendix of a hundred pages contains
Henry Stevens, Son, & Stiles, of London. Governor
the Municipal Programme of the National Municipal
Pownall cannot be counted among the greater lumin-
League. The book offends even more in repeating
aries of eighteenth-century politics; nevertheless,
its own ideas than in borrowing those of others.
the historians of that age must feel grateful for this
But in spite of these most obvious defects, the desir-
first adequate biography of a man who exercised, ability of a wider acceptation of the principles set
both by his personality and writings, great influence
forth and elaborated bids us welcome Mr. Deming's
upon the men who controlled events during the early coöperation in the task of educating citizens for the
years of George III. Governor Pownall was born in
more efficient administration of the public business.
1722, and followed his elder brother John into the
colonial department of government. The time of
Another book of jokes, strung together
his greatest influence was during the period of the London manners on a slender thread of reminiscence
French and Indian War, when he was agent at large
and morals. and history and philosophic reflec-
for the Board of Trade, and then Governor of Massa- tion, appears under the joint authorship of Messrs.
chusetts. From the very first he became a student Ralph Nevill and Charles Edward Jerningham.
of colonial government, and his studies ended in the “Piccadilly to Pall Mall” (Dutton) is its rather
writing of his famous “ Administration of the British attractive title, and views of St. James's Palace and
Colonies," which passed through a number of editions. the Empire Theatre furnish appropriate pictorial
Pownall belonged to the party of William Pitt, and embellishment. An early page contains the follow-
when his leader ceased to hold office, Pownall also ing explanation of a curious social
usage
that
may
was dropped from the government. During his sub- have puzzled others besides ourselves.
sequent parliamentary career his sympathies were toms of Society,” observes the writer, “often have
with the opposition. In this large volume, written queer origins. Some years ago the members of a
by one of Governor Pownall's descendants, we have
somewhat inferior set took to shaking hands on a
the results of a careful study of all available material.
level with their chins, a mode copied from a Royal
It is unfortunate that the author shows little skill in personage, who, suffering from an abscess under the
the art of narration, and allows himself to wander arm, avoided the painful friction entailed by shaking
off into long disquisitions on colonial history and hands in the ordinary manner and resorted to a
allied topics, which detract seriously from the value higher level. This was observed by some lesser
of his book. The argument to prove that Governor lights, from whom the custom spread.” Encourag-
Pownall was the author of the “ Letters of Junius" ing, if true, is the assertion that the pronunciation
is ingenious, and would be conclusive if the style of of the humbler classes has improved of late, and
Pownall's acknowledged writings was not so far re-
that false aspirations are disappearing. As a whole,
moved from that of “ Junius as almost to preclude
the contents of the book are varied and entertaining,
the possibility of a common authorship.
though not of uniform refinement. It will amuse
the club idler and the hammock lounger, and prob-
A new cure for the misgovernment of
ably that is as much as its authors intended.
American cities is always a matter for
misgovernment. rejoicing.
Mr. Horace E. Deming,
A devoted missionary to “Egypt”
A pioneer's
in his preface to “ The Government of American
(southern Illinois) tells his life-story
autobiography.
Cities (Putnam), informs us that he has found
with all the charm and moving power
such a cure in the application of the true principles of simple truth in a little volume prefaced by the
of democracy, - the control of local affairs by the
Rev. Jenkin Lloyd Jones and also provided with a
people of the localities, untrammeled by the nagging “Foreword” by the Rev. Robert Collyer. “Jasper
interference of state legislatures. The claim to nov-
Douthit's Story" (American Unitarian Association)
elty of viewpoint in approaching this vexed problem is the autobiography of a pioneer,” a pioneer frail
“
would meet with more ready acceptance had Pro-
in body but mighty in soul; and the modest account
fessor Goodnow not published his Municipal Home
of his self-sacrificing labors in various good causes
Rule" in 1895. And the further insistence which - anti-slavery, temperance, liberal religion, and a
Mr. Deming lays on the separation of political from higher tone of morality generally - makes a book
administrative functions and the exercise of central
that will not soon be allowed to die. Like the
control over local affairs through administrative martyred Lovejoy, Mr. Douthit had to encounter
rather than legislative organs after the model of the
the fiercest opposition and the bitterest hatred in
English system, sounds strangely familiar to one ac-
his anti-slavery work, and his life was in constant
66
A new-old
cure for civic
>
16


332
[May 16,
THE DIAL
a
danger during his activity as a Federal recruiting
officer. What he has accomplished for temperance
NOTES.
and for enlightened religion in a district forbid- Mr. Sidney Lee's “ Life of William Shakespeare” is
dingly opposed to such reforms is seen, even in his published by the Macmillan Co. in a new edition, with
short and unpretentious narrative, to be something a rewritten preface and some rather important additions
approaching the marvellous. Of his work at Lithia
to the text.
Springs, the scene of an increasingly successful
Mr. W. G. Towler's work on “Socialism in Local
Chautauqua movement, the reading public already
Government,” with an introduction by Captain H. M.
knows something and will be glad to learn more.
Jessel, is now published in a second edition by the
Macmillan Co.
Appropriate portraits and views are scattered
A second edition of Professor A. E. Kennelly's “Wire-
through the volume.
less Telegraphy and Wireless Telephony” has just been
published by Messrs. Moffat, Yard & Co. in their series
of “Present Day Primers."
BRIEFER MENTION.
Messrs. John W. Luce & Co. publish Oscar Wilde's
“ A Florentine Tragedy,” left in a fragmentary state by
A handbook of Alphabets, under the title of “Gram- the author, and completed by Mr. Thomas Sturge Moore
mar of Lettering” (Lippincott), proves upon examin- by writing the opening scene.
ation to be a Grammar indeed, attention being given “ Tales within Tales” is an adaptation from the
almost exclusively to the practical construction of let- fables of Pilpai, made by Sir Arthur N. Wollaston, and
ters. It is thus a book for the sign-writer and student published by Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. as a volume in
in Trade Schools, rather than for the art student and the “ Romance of the East" series.
architect, who should be interested in the history and The latest issue of “The University of Colorado
philology of the alphabet and of literal forms. Of the Studies ” includes, among other papers, a valuable essay
alphabets reproduced those founded upon the roman let- on « The Character of the Flavian Literature, 69-117
ters are most specifically treated. Of the gothic letters A.D.," by Professor F. B. R. Hellems.
there is little variety, and scarcely any originality exhib- The Griffith & Rowland Press, Philadelphia, have
ited. The book is by Andrew W. Lyons, of Edinburgh. just put forth Volume III. of Dr. Augustus Hopkins
An interesting side-light is thrown on Civil War times Strong's “Systematic Theology.” This volume, entitled
by the little book entitled “ Abraham Lincoln and the “ The Doctrine of Salvation,” completes the work.
London Punch” (Moffat, Yard & Co.), prepared by Mr. The Boston Book Co. sends us the “ Annual Maga-
William S. Walsh. Fifty-four cartoons are reproduced zine Subject-Index” for 1908, edited by Mr. Frederick
with many verses and editorial comments, running from
W. Faxon. It is the second annual issue of this pub-
January, 1861, to the famous retraction and apology
lication, and indexes one hundred and twenty periodicals.
that followed the assassination. The changes in the
“On Track and Diamond” is a new volume in
public opinion to which “ Punch " catered are accurately
“ Harper's Athletic Series,” and reprints a baker's
reflected. First we see sympathy with the North, a
dozen of stories about races and games, the majority of
Lincoln of manly features appearing in the cartoons;
them written by Mr. J. Conover and Mr. S. Scoville, Jr.
then following Bull Run and the blockade public opinion
The fifth annual meeting of the American Political
changed in favor of the South, and the pencil of Tenniel
depicted the President as a repulsive and grotesque
Science Association was held in Washington during the
holidays of last year, and the volume of its Proceedings,
monster.
It is now some sixteen years since the death of Dr.
containing nearly a score of papers, is now published at
the Waverly Press, Baltimore.
Richard Spruce, a botanist and botanical explorer of the
Baedeker's “Greece" and “Central Italy and Rome"
first rank. Always in poor health and unequal to any
sort of clerical work, Dr. Spruce left a mass of notes
are issued in new editions (the fourth and the fifteenth
and manuscript, fragmentary and almost cryptic save
respectively), and imported by the Messrs. Scribner.
to himself, which he had vainly hoped to convert into a
Both volumes are considerably revised, and provided
journal, to be called “ Notes of a Botanist on the Amazon
with a number of new maps and plans.
and Andes." Now his friend, Mr. Alfred Russel
A volume of “ Elementary Experiments in Psychol-
Wallace, believing in the scientific value and literary
ogy,” by Mr. Carl E. Seashore, is published by Messrs.
interest of the journals, comes forward to edit them;
Henry Holt & Co. The experiments are numerous,
and he has produced a two-volume work, which the simple, and ingenious, requiring practically no apparatus,
Messrs. Macmillan publish with illustrations, many of
and fitted for the use of the individual student, even
them from Dr. Spruce's own drawings, and maps of the
without the guidance of a teacher.
Banbury Cross Stories” and “ Dick Whittington
Spruce had nearly ready for publication; the rest com-
and Other Stories” are two small volumes in a new
prises journals, letters, printed or manuscript articles, series published by the Charles E. Merrill Co. They
and scattered notes. Mr. Wallace utilized only about are intended for supplementary reading-books in the
one-third of the material in his hands, feeling that a lower grades, and are tastefully illustrated. Mr. Frank
longer work would lack general interest and be no more
W. Howard is the editor of both volumes.
valuable to botanical readers. To the latter, but possi- A “One Year Course in English and American Liter-
bly not to the casual reader, it will be clear that Dr. ature," by Mr. Benjamin A. Heydrick, is published by
Spruce's South American wanderings are of much Messrs. Minds, Noble, & Eldredge. The proportions
interest to scientists in connection with his great work are about half and half. By judicious omissions of
on the “ Hepaticæ of the Amazon and the Andes of Peru unimportant names, this small volume is made less juice-
and Ecuador.”
less and more readable than might have been expected.
a
a
.


1909.]
333
THE DIAL
9
"
>
The “Oxford Poets" now include Edgar Allan Poe, “ Harper's Library of Living Thought” is the title of
in a volume edited by Mr. R. Brimley Johnson, and a new series of small books, three of which are now at
published by Mr. Henry Frowde. To eke out the hand. Dr. W. W. Flinders Petrie writes of « Personal
contents of what would otherwise have been a slender Religion in Egypt before Christianity,” Count Tolstoy
book, there have been added Poe's three prose essays on of “The Teaching of Jesus” (translated by the Maudes),
the poetic art, thus making a very effective presentation and Swinburne of “ Three Plays of Shakespeare.” The
of his work, exclusive of fiction.
latter volume is a reprint of the three essays on “ King
The American Book Co. send us “Standard Songs | Lear,” “Othello,” and “ King Richard II.,” originally
and Choruses for High Schools,” Compiled by Mr. published as magazine articles.
W.F. MacConnell. There is much comparatively fresh Two psychological studies of exceptional interest are
material in this collection, and a larger proportion than sent us in pamphlet form by Mr. Richard G. Badger.
usual of music that is really worth knowing. From the One of them is “ An Experimental Study of Sleep,” by
same house we have a “ History of Illinois ” for schools, Dr. Boris Sidis; the other is “ My Life as a Dissociated
the work of Messrs. L. E. Robinson and Irving Moore. Personality," and is the work of a woman who calls
Mr. Henry Frowde has published, under the editorial herself “ B. C. A.,” these letters standing for the three
supervision of Professor Walter Raleigh, a reprint of a personalities which at different times were dominant in
forgotten, or nine-tenths forgotten, novel of the early her conscious existence. She writes as a patient of Dr.
nineteenth century, entitled “ The Heroine," by Eaton Morton Prince, who contributes an introduction to her
Stannard Barrett. A work that was compared in its story.
time with “ Tristram Shandy” and “ Dan Quixote" is Mr. Elliot Stock sends as an “Index to Book Prices
certainly worth some effort to rescue it from complete Current" for the decade 1897–1906, being the second
oblivion.
decennial issue of this valuable publication. It makes
Mr. L. D. Harvey's “ Practical Arithmetic,” in two a volume of over one hundred thousand entries, filling
volumes, is published by the American Book Co. The a thousand two-columned pages. Besides enabling its
work is intended to supply the needs of the entire ele- possessor to follow the ebb and flow of the prices of
mentary course of eight years. The same publishers particular books, the work also supplies him with many
send us “ Famous Men of Modern Times," a book of special bibliographies, and with indexes of pseudonyms,
biographies by Messrs. John H. Haaren and Å. B. editors, translators, and artists.
For prices, of course,
Poland. From Columbus to Gladstone is the fairly one must refer to the annual volumes whose contents
wide
range of this reading-book.
are here summarized. Mr. A. Jaggard is the compiler.
Mr. Gregory Wilenkin, a Russian author, has pre- By the publication of the new edition of his “ Read-
pared, and Mr. E. J. Harrison has translated into ings on the Paradiso of Dante” the Hon. William
English, a study of “The Political and Economic Organ- Warren Vernon completes the task of presenting his
ization of Modern Japan.” The object of the work is serviceable commentary (based chiefly upon Benvenuto
to “ furnish the busy man of affairs with a handbook of da Imola) to the public in a thoroughly revised form,
convenient size which shall contain all the more essen- and at a materially lowered price. Students of Dante
tial data, under the various headings, in a condensed owe a deep debt of gratitude to this editor for the work
bat lucid form.” Messrs. Kelly & Walsh, Yokohama, to which he has given the labors of so many years, and
are the publishers.
the six volumes of his “Readings” (including the two
“The Poetical Works of John Dryden,” edited by now at hand) constitute what is perhaps the most useful
Mr. George R. Noyes, is a new volume of the “Cam- of all Dante manuals to be had in the English language.
bridge” poets published by the Houghton Mifflin Co. The Macmillan Co. are the publishers.
The dramas are not included, but about half of Dryden's Art students will welcome the advent of a new
critical essays will be found among the contents. The edition of Crowe and Cavalcaselle's “ New History of
volume extends to over eleven hundred closely-printed Painting in Italy,” imported by Messrs. E. P. Dutton
two-columned pages, and has the introduction and notes & Co. For years this standard work has been out of
always provided in this well-edited series.
print, and second-hand copies have been scarce and
“ Till Eulenspiegels Lustige Streiche,” edited by Mr. very costly; whereas no book written in the meantime
Frederick Betz, is published by Messrs. D. C. Heath & has approached this one in value, for completeness,
Co., and offers a welcome variation from the usual run detail, and scientific criticism. The new edition is in
of elementary German texts. From Messrs. Henry Holt three moderately priced volumes, amply illustrated in
& Co. we have “Goethe in Italy,” being extracts from far more satisfactory fashion than was mechanically pos-
the “ Italienische Reise,” edited by Professor A. B. sible forty-four years ago. The editor is Mr. Edward
Nichols, and a volume of simple “ German Stories ” by Hutton, whose notes, enclosed in brackets, voice such
good modern writers (Auerbach, Scheffel), edited by newly discovered facts or modern theories as seriously
Dr. George M. Baker.
confute or worthily supplement the text, which is kept
“Verse Satire in England before the Renaissance,” absolutely intact.
by Dr. Samuel Marion Tucker, is a new volume in the On January 13 of the present year, the anniversary
English series of monographs published by Columbia of the death of Edmund Clarence Stedman, a memorial
University. In the Historical series we have a work by meeting was held by the friends of the poet at the
Dr. Michael M. Davis, Jr., entitled Psychological Carnegie Lyceum in New York. The proceedings of
Interpretations of Society." In the Johns Hopkins that meeting are now published in pamphlet form at the
Historical series we have “ The Development of the De Vinne Press, and constitute a tender and touching
English Law of Conspiracy,” by Mr. James Wallace tribute to a man whose generous kindliness endeared
Bryan. In the Historical series of West Virginia Uni- him to his fellows as few men have ever been endeared,
versity, we have the “ Evolution of Seward's Mexican and whose fortitude of soul, amid perplexities and adver-
Policy,” by Mr. James Morton Callahan.
sities, made his character a shining example of manhood
"


334
[May 16,
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 98 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
in the noblest sense. Addresses were made by Mr.
R. W. Gilder, Mr. H. W. Mabie, Colonel W. C. Church,
and Mr. R. U. Johnson. Letters were presented, in-
cluding a peculiarly moving communication from Mr.
William Winter, poems were read, and songs were sung,
all expressive of the deepest love and gratitude - love
-
for Stedman the man, and gratitude for his eminent
services as a representative of American letters.
The Department of English of Columbia University,
acting on the suggestion of many friends of the late
Professor Carpenter, has decided to found a memorial
library to be named the George Rice Carpenter Memo-
rial. Library. In view of Professor Carpenter's long
association with the University and of the high quality
and widely diffused influence of his work, some memo-
rial is deemed appropriate, and because of the nature
of his work and character, so practical a form as a
library is especially fitting. Professor Carpenter had,
indeed, frequently suggested the desirability of a de-
partmental library and special reading room for the use
of graduate and undergraduate students in English,
Comparative Literature, and allied subjects, and had
gone so far as to gather together a few books of refer-
ence in the rooms of the department. A nucleus for
such a library has, therefore, already been formed,
which will in time become a substantial and useful
memorial. It is expected that the University will pro-
vide a special room to serve as the permanent home of
the library, which should include works of reference
and files of journals of importance to students, and a
large collection of standard works in English literature
and allied subjects. A committee has been formed to
take temporary charge of the memorial. Subscriptions
and gifts of books may be addressed to Professor Ashley
H. Thorndike, Columbia University.
The Tauchnitz “Collection of British Authors,” the
publication of which began in 1841, now numbers four
thousand volumes. The word “ British ” in the title
has always been a misnomer, for American authors have
figured in the collection from its earliest years, begin-
ning with Cooper, Irving, and Hawthorne, and coming
down to such contemporaries as Mr. Andrew Carnegie,
Mr. Richard Harding Davis, and Mrs. Edith Wharton.
No less than sixty American names are included in the
Tauchnitz list, and the number of volumes runs into the
hundreds. It has been the custom of the publishers to
signalize the completion of every even thousand volumes
added to the collection by what is designated as a
“memorial volume," and in the case of the fourth thou-
sand, “ A Manual of American Literature," prepared by
Mr. Theodore Stanton, in collaboration with several
members of the faculty of Cornell University, has been
published. This volume may be had, of course, in the
regular Tauchnitz form, but it is also published for
American readers by the Messrs. Putnam in a special
edition. The chapters upon our Colonial and Revolu-
tionary literature have been abridged by Mr. Stanton
from the histories of the late Moses Coit Tyler; the
remaining chapters are written by Messrs. Ísaac M.
Bentley, Clark S. Northup, Lane Cooper, and Elmer J.
Bailey. Our nineteenth-century literature is classified
under the seven heads of historians, novelists, poets,
essayists and humorists, orators and divines, scientists,
and periodicals. Each of these groups has a chapter of
its own, giving an historical survey, and brief biographical
and critical accounts of individual authors. The chap-
ters are very compact, and contain stores of information,
especially in the matters of titles and dates.
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
A Sister of Prince Rupert : Elizabeth Princess Palatine and
Abbess of Herford. By Elizabeth Godfrey. Illus. in photo-
gravure, etc., large 8vo, pp. 362. John Lane Co. 84. net.
The King Who Never Reigned: Being Memoirs upon
Louis XVII. By Eckard and Naundorff, with Preface by
Jules LeMaitre, and Introduction and Notes by Maurice
Vitrac and Arnould Galopin, to which is added Joseph
Turquan's “New Light upon the Fate of Louis XVII."
Illus. in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, pp. 359. John
McBride Co. $3.50 net.
Samuel Pepys : Administrator, Observer, Gossip. By E.
Hallam Moorhouse. Illus., large 8vo, pp. 323. E. P. Dutton
& Co. $3. net.
A Life of William Shakespeare. By Sidney Lee. Revised
edition; illus., 12mo, pp. 496. Macmillan Co. $2.25 net.
Cyrus Hall MoCormick and the Reaper. By Reuben Gold
Thwaites. Illus., 8vo. Madison, Wis.: State Historical
Society of Wisconsin.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Richard to Minna Wagner: Letters to His First Wife.
Trans., prefaced, etc., by William Ashton Ellis. In 2 vols.,
with portraits in photogravure, 8vo. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $7. net.
The Playhouse and the Play, and Other Addresses Concern-
ing the Theatre and Democracy in America. By Percy
Mackaye. 12mo, pp. 210. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
Women Through the Ages. By Emil Reich. In 2 vols.,
illus. in photogravure, etc., 8vo. E. P. Dutton & Co. $7. net.
A New Light on the Renaissance Displayed in Contem-
porary Emblems. By Harold Bayley. Illus., large 8vo.
pp. 270. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2. net.
The Book of Witohes. By Oliver Madox Huefter. With
frontispiece in colors, large 8vo, pp. 336. John McBride Co.
$2.50 net.
The oldest English Epic: Beowulf, Finnsburg, Waldere,
Deor, Widsith, and the German Hildebrand. Trans. in the
Original Metres, with Introductions and Notes, by Francis
B. Gummere. 12mo. pp. 203. Macmillan Co. $1.10 net.
The Minnesingers. By Jethro Bithell, M.A. Vol. I., Trans-
lations. Large 8vo, pp. 208. Longmans, Green, & Co. $2.
In Re Shakespeare : Beeching vs. Greenwood, Rejoinder on
Behall of the Defendant. By G. G. Greenwood, M.P. 12mo,
pp. 152. John Lane Co. $1. net.
William Shakespeare, Player, Playmaker, and Poet: A Reply
to Mr. George Greenwood, M.P. By H.C. Beeching, D.Litt.
12mo, pp. 104. John Lane Co. $1. net.
Tales of the Caliphs. By Claud Field. 12mo, pp. 118. "Ro-
mance of the East Series.” E. P. Dutton & Co. $1. net.
VERSE AND DRAMA.
Artemision: Idylls and Songs. By Maurice Hewlett. 16mo,
pp. 124. Charles Scribner's Song. $1. net.
An Englishman's Home: A Play in Three Acts. By Major
Guy du Maurier, D.S.O. With frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 131.
Harper & Brothers. $1.25.
Poems of Progress, and New Thought Pastels. By Ella
Wheeler Wilcox. With portrait, 12mo, pp. 177. W. B.
Conkey Co. $1.25.
Songs from Sky Meadows: Poems of Nature and of Nature's
Children. By Charles H. Crandall. 12mo, pp. 179. Outing
Co. $1. net.
A Book of Corpus Verses. By Julian James Cotton. With
frontispiece, 16ino, pp. 48. Oxford: B. H. Blackwell Co.
FICTION.
Sebastian. By Frank Danby. 12mo, pp. 408. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
The Alternative. By George Barr McCutcheon ; illus. in color
by Harrison Fisher. 12mo, pp. 120. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25.
The Hand Made Gentleman: A Tale of the Battles of Peace.
By Irving Bacheller. With frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 332.
Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
The Other Side of the Door. By Lucia Chamberlain. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 277. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50.
Elusive Isabel. By Jacques Futrelle. Illus., 12mo, pp. 274.
Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50.
A Royal Ward. By Percy Brebner. Illus, in color, 12mo,
pp. 343. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50.
>
"


1909.]
335
THE DIAL
Beyond the Skyline. By Robert Aitken. 12mo, pp. 309.
B. W. Huebsch.
The Rule of Three: A Story of Pike's Peak. By Alma
Martin Estabrook. Illus., 12mo, pp. 310. Small, Maynard
& Co. $1.25.
Hearts are Trumps. By Alexander Otis. With frontispiece
in color, 12mo, pp. 333. John McBride Co. $1.50.
Ridgeway of Montana: A Story of To-day in which the
Hero is also the Villain. By William MacLeod Raine.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 318. G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.50.
Cherub Devine. By Sewell Ford. 12mo, pp. 395. Mitchell
Kennerley. $1.50.
A Quarter to Four; or, The Secret of Fortune Island. By
William Wallace Cook. Illus., 12mo, pp. 317. G. W. Dill-
ingham Co. $1.50.
Mary of Magdala: A Tale of the First Century. By Harriette
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THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF N. S. SHALER
This rarely interesting life will take a place among the more notable American memoirs. Professor Shaler
was a man of extraordinary personal qualities aside from his prominence in science and education. His
fascinating recollections show him to be one of the most vivid of writers, and make a remarkable book.
Illustrated. $4.00 net. Postage extra.
THE PEOPLE AT PLAY
By ROLLIN LYNDE HARTT
A remarkable book presenting the sports and amusements of the masses with shrewd insight and a rich
vein of humor. It is at once a contribution to sociology and a volume of delightful reading.
Profusely Illustrated. $1.50 net. Postpaid $1.66.
GAMBOLLING WITH GALATEA
By CURTIS DUNHAM
A rural comedy with an entirely new vein of humor and sentiment, presenting some interesting characters
not all human. The story is told with a refinement and literary grace that will charm all readers.
Illustrated in color by Oliver Herford. $1.20 net. Postpaid $1.36.
EDUCATION IN THE FAR EAST
By CHARLES F. THWING
This is a very readable and interesting study of the relations of education and civilization in Japan,
China, India, Korea, the Philippines, and Egypt. It is the result of an extended tour and a first-hand
examination of the various conditions and educational systems.
$1.50 net. Postpaid $1.66.
CHOOSING A VOCATION
By FRANK PARSONS
One of the most practical contributions to social welfare work that has lately been published. The
book gives explicit and clear directions for the handling of specific cases and problems of every sort.
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THE ADVERTISEMENTS OF "THE SPECTATOR" By LAWRENCE LEWIS
A unique study of the origins of the art of advertising, and a quaint and important source of information
about ways and customs of England in the early 18th century.
$2 net. Postage extra.
ADRIFT ON AN ICE-PAN
By WILFRED T. GRENFELL
Among the world's stories of hazardous adventure, this true account of Dr. Grenfell's wonderful escape
from almost certain death of the Labrador coast is sure to take a prominent place.
75 cents net. Postpaid 81 cents.
CHARLES W. ELIOT, President of Harvard University, 1869-1909 By EUGEN KÜHNEMANN
An account of President Eliot's work as the chief executive of Harvard University. The work is marked
by the thoroughness of plan and detail that characterize the work of German scholars.
$1.00 net. Postpaid, $1.10.
IS IMMORTALITY DESIRABLE ?
By G. LOWES DICKINSON
“This book presents both sides of the question, the belief in man's immortal soul - and the denial of
it. . . . An essay, good to read, thoughtful, penetrating, beautiful in expression.” – Kansas City Star.
70 cents net. Postpaid, 81 cents.
THE ETERNAL VALUES
By HUGO MÜNSTERBERG
This book is written in the search for a new philosophy, for a new expression of the meaning of life and
reality. It should appeal to every serious reader.
$2.50 net. Postpaid $2.76.
HAREMLIK
By DEMETRA VAKA
A remarkable description of the life and manner of thinking of Turkish women. It is gratifying, par-
ticularly now, to obtain a sympathetic view of the Turks, from which religious bias is wholly absent."
$1.26 net. Postpaid $1.37.
- New York Sun.
ECONOMIC HERESIES
By SIR NATHANIEL NATHAN
This volume aims to present in a form free from technicalities the actual facts of modern economic
phenomena as they are really seen and known to exist.
$3.00 net. Postpaid $3.20.
ܢܙܙ
..
Boston
Houghton Mifflin Company
New York


342
(June 1,
THE DIAL
SEASONABLE NEW BOOKS
A SUMMER IN TOURAINE
The Record of a Sojourn Among the Chateaux of the Loire
By FREDERIC LEES
THE banks of the Loire, Vienne, and Cher are here described as they appear to a leisurely
and cultured traveller, who sees, as he passes along the river banks, and wanders through
the old chateaux, not the pageant of a summer only, but the whole pageant of the Renaissance
in France. Mr. Lees, however, gives definite information for the present-day traveller who
wishes to see the most of Touraine, as well as historic insight for the fireside traveller, who
will find every notable chateau represented in his photographs.
With twelve pages in full color, and many other full-page illustrations, and a map.
Large 8vo. $2.75 net. By 'mail $2.92.
THE SUMMER GARDEN OF PLEASURE
By MRS. STEPHEN BATSON
Author of “ A Concise Handbook of Garden Flowers."
MRS.
RS. BATSON is not only a wise and experienced gardener but has an eye for color and
a memory for those parts of literature which deal with the garden. Consequently her
readers will learn not alone how to keep a garden in bloom from early to late summer, but
how to make its flowering a synthetic picture that charms as a whole and not merely in
patches; while the beauties and consolations of the garden as seen by Pliny, Bacon, and the
moderns are recalled to inspire alike the gardener and the reader in the city.
With 36 illustrations in color by Osmund Pittman. Index. Large 8vo. $3.50 net. By mail, $3.66.
TWO BOOKS FOR SUMMER DIVERSION
BILL TRUETELL THE DELAFIELD AFFAIR
A Story of Theatrical Life
By FLORENCE FINCH KELLY
By GEORGE H. BRENNAN
THE gray-green plateau of New Mexico
which she has chosen as the scene of her
THE story is told in easy colloquial fashion
with an easy acceptance of human nature
novel is drawn from first hand acquaintance.
at its best and worst, finest and meanest, and
The people of these parched plains are moved
with culminations of absurd situation which
by fierce passions; they love and hate with
would bring a smile to the face of Medusa.
equal intensity. Long nourished revenge and
It is good, wholesome fun all the way through
attempts at the murder of an enemy by respect-
and it gives an insight into theatrical life that
able ranchmen and bankers do not seem so
one is not likely to find elsewhere. It is a palpably incredible as they would in a more
racy excerpt from life and a rattling exposition sophisticated society. The story moves with
of character. St. Louis Mirror.
the rush of a reckless ride across the mesa to
its inevitable end. - The Independent.
With frontispiece in colors, and numerous text
.
and full-page drawings by James Montgomery With four illustrations in full color by Maynard
Flagg. Large 12mo. $1.50.
Dixon. Large 12mo. $1.50.
-
-
A. C. MCCLURG ECO.
CO. PUBLISHERS CHICAGO


1909.]
343
THE DIAL
FICTION FOR SUMMER READING
SPECIAL MESSENGER
By Robert W. Chambers
4th Large Edition
Author of " THE FIGHTING CHANCE," THE FIRING LINE," "IOLE," etc.
The romantic love story of a woman spy in the Civil War, told with all the vividness, skill, and finish of this most
brilliant of our popular writers. Cover inlay by Harrison Fisher. Many illustrations. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50.
THE FASHIONABLE ADVENTURES OF JOSHUA CRAIG
By David Graham Phillips
3d Large Edition
Author of " THE SECOND GENERATION," OLD WIVES FOR NEW," etc.
A bold picture satirizing society life in Washington, showing the native strength of an impetuous Westerner in
victorious conflict with the trivialities of social conventions. Illustrated by A. B. Wenzell. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50.
THE MAN WITHOUT A SHADOW
By Oliver Cabot
3d Edition
The search for his own identity, told by a man who has lost all clue to his personallity — absorbing mystery, thrilling
adventure, chivalrous love.
Illustrated. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50.
A KING IN KHAKI
By Henry Kitchell Webster
8d Edition
uthor of "THE WHISPERING MAN," "CALUMET K," etc.
A romance of love, adventure, and high finance in the West Indies. A refreshing, thoroughly American hero,
fighting against odds for love and honor.
Illustrated by O'Neill. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50.
OUR VILLAGE
By Joseph C. Lincoln
2d Edition
Author of "CY WHITTAKER'S PLACE," CAP'N ERI," etc.
“The people are the same charming and lovable Cape Codders that he has drawn so well.” – New York Sun.
Decorated cover, many illustrations, printed throughout on toned paper. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50 net.
A YEAR OUT OF LIFE
By Mary E. Waller
ed Edition
Author of " THE WOOD-CARVER OF 'LYMPUS."
The romance of an American girl travelling in Germany and a distinguished German author. Written in the
charming style that has ever marked Miss Waller's work.
Decorated cover. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50.
THE LADY WITHOUT JEWELS
By Arthur Goodrich
Author of " GLEAM O' DAWN," " THE BALANCE OF POWER,” etc.
Rare humor, genial satire, delightful sentiment, charming comedy, and just enough dramatic thrill to make it
perfect summer reading.
Cover inlay and illustrations. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50.
READY IN JUNE
THE TOLL OF THE SEA
By Roy Norton
Mr. Norton is almost a modern Jules Verne, and this story may be relied upon to hold the reader's attention by its
mysterious events, painted on a broad canvas, and by the magnificent spirit of strength and patriotism with which it
is pervaded.
Decorated cover and illustrations. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50.
a
THE MASTER BUILDERS
By James Edmund Dunning
The battle between two strong though dissimilar characters, with the love of a fascinating woman as the prize for
the victor. The scene is a Maine shipyard where there is being constructed a magnificent cruiser, which is coveted
by a foreign power hostile to the United States.
Decorated cover and illustrations. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50.
a
PUBLISHED BY D. APPLETON & COMPANY
NEW YORK CITY


344
[June 1,
THE DIAL
CROWELL'S MODERN LANGUAGE SERIES
EASY GERMAN STORIES
98 pages, with Vocabulary and Notes.
By HEDWIG LEVI.
Edited by LUISE DELP.
FIRST LESSONS IN FRENCH
176 pages, with Vocabulary.
Adapted from P. BANDERET and P. REINHARD by
GRACE SANDWITH
“A text-book which, we feel sure, is destined to secure a
considerable measure of popularity among teachers and
learners of French. We have read through a large part of
the work, and have been greatly impressed with the care
and thought expended in selecting the matter and deter-
mining the sequence of the lessons."-School Magazine.
Cloth. Net 50 cents.
* Contains ten pleasant stories suitable for junior pupils
and well adapted for reading in class. They are fairly easy,
and written in smooth conversational German. The notes
give all the necessary help, and the vocabulary is full and
reliable."-School Journal.
Cloth. Net 40 cents.
DAS ROTHKÄPPCHEN
A Play in Five Scenes, with Songs and Music.
DEUTSCHE GEDICHTE
For Beginners, with English Notes.
Edited by W. P. CHALMERS, Ph.D.
“This book should prove most useful. The poems are well
selected, and the notes are short and to the point. The book
seems to have been edited with much care."-Modern Lan-
guage Teaching.
127 pages. Cloth. Net 40 cents.
By MATILDE REICHENBACH.
"A charming little arrangement of the Red Riding Hood
story, which cannot fail to attract pupils."
27 pages. Cloth. Net 25 cents.
TEACHERS ARE REQUESTED TO SEND FOR SAMPLE VOLUMES
THOMAS Y. CROWELL & CO., 426-428 W. BROADWAY, NEW YORK
WHAT GOVERNOR HAY OF WASHINGTON
A question of taste
writes to HAROLD MORTON KRAMER
Author of
THE CHRYSALIS
You would rather listen to the
Kneisel Quartette than to a brass
band, wouldn't you? The same re-
finement of taste prompts you to read
an artistic book of short stories in
preference to a swashbuckler novel.
BEYOND THE SKYLINE
grass waves."
I find that when once begun it will be
read to the end without stopping. I think
you
have been particularly happy in laying
the scene of your story in the Palouse
Country, in the “hills where the bunch-
The picturesque days of
the West are passing, the great silences
are disturbed, and the great spaces are
being filled, but here is an inexhaustible
fund for romance and story which writers
of fiction have as yet hardly touched.
By ROBERT AITKEN
is a fascinating, entertaining, and
satisfying volume of short stories
that are, as the London Daily Tele-
graph says, “well worth re-reading
and preserving."
Buy the book or borrow it at your
library, but don't fail to read it.
$1.50 postpaid.
B. W. HUEBSCH, Publisher, 225 Fifth ave., New York
AT ALL BOOKSTORES
$1.50
LOTHROP, LEE AND SHEPARD CO., Boston


1909.]
345
THE DIAL
LIPPINCOTT'S SUMMER NOVELS
JUST PUBLISHED- A NEW MODERN ROMANCE
By the author of “The Colonel of the Red Huzzars” and “The Princess Debra"
THE WOMAN