IN QUESTION

By JOHN REED SCOTT
“The Woman in Question” is a romance,
but not of Valeria nor mediæval England.
Mr. Scott has remained home in Amer-
ica, and the scenes are laid in the Eastern
United States. The story is distinctly
modern in tone and theme, and centers
in and around Fairlawn Hall, an old
mansion with a marvellous garden, lying
on the outskirts of Egerton, where the
new master has come with a party of
friends — to find mystery, misfortune,
and love awaiting him. Mr. Scott shows
steady improvement in each succeeding
novel, and he has planned this latest
story well, filling it with many surprises
and dramatic moments.
Threo full-page illustrations in color by
nce F. Underwood.
12mo. Decorated Cloth, $1.50.
NEW APRIL FICTION
The Winning Chance
By Elizabeth Dejeans. In “The Winning Chance, we know we
have - we won't say the, although we almost
feel like doing so — dealing with a modern problem of such vital interest
to all, it cannot help but win its way to great popularity. The story is
strikingly original in theme and treatment, and it pictures as never before the
big problem of the American Girl who enters upon a business career. Front-
ispiece in color by Gayle P. Hoskins. 12mo. Ornamental cloth. $1.50.
-
a
Love's Privilege
By Stella M. Düring, author of “Disinherited."
This novel recently won a thousand-dollar prize
in a leading Chicago newspaper competition, and
was pronounced as perhaps the most baffling mys-
tery story of recent years. The plot is concerned
with a murder which absolutely defies solution.
Illustrated in color by Frank H. Desch.
Cloth, with colored inset, $1.50.
Lanier of the Cavalry
C
By General Charles King, who stands sponsor
for many fine army stories, but it is doubtful if
he has ever penned a more stirring one than this, his
latest romance.
The plot is laid at a frontier fort
where witty women and brave men are snowed in for
months, which isolation is to some extent accountable
for the remarkable happenings.
Three full-page
illustrations by Frank McKernan.
Decor-
ated cloth, $1.25. Second Edition.
a
I 2mo.
12 mo.
Publishers
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY
Philadelphia


346
(June 1,
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THE ORCHESTRAL INSTRUMENTS AND WHAT THEY DO
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348
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THE DIAL
THE COMET
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N. B.-LIBRARIANS AND BOOKSELLERS
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1909.)
349
THE DIAL
FROM DUTTON'S SPRING LIST
The Russian Army and the Japanese War
The Military Memoirs of General Kuropatkin
Translated by Captain A. B. LINDSAY. Edited by Major E. S. SWINTON, D.S.O.
2 volumes.
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international struggle that has taken place for more than a third of a century.”—Chicago Tribune.
9
MEMORIES OF MY LIFE
By FRANCIS GALTON, F.R.S., D.C.L., LL.D., Sc.D., etc., Hon. Fellow of Trinity College,
Cambridge, Officer de l’Instruction Publique (France), etc. Author of “ English Men of
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The position of Mr. Arthur Symons as a critic and interpreter, both in literature and art, has
been advancing steadily for a number of years. The appearance of a book by him is of more than
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The Meaning of Money
The Sword of the Lord
a
By HARTLEY WITHERS
A Romance of the time of
I volume. Svo. $2.00 net.
Martin Luther
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By JOSEPH HOCKING, author of “ The Woman
he set before himself when he began it . . . the result
of Babylon," “A Flame of Fire," "Lest we
of careful and intelligent 'first-hand' observation by an
Forget, etc.
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850
(June 1,
THE DIAL
Indispensable Books for Every Library
at Less than One-third Published Price
HAVING secured the entire remaining stock of the original
Muses' Library,” published by Charles Scribner's Sons
in conjunction with Lawrence & Bullen of London, we are
able to offer this well-known series at less than one-third the
original price. The volumes are beautifully printed and bound,
and fully edited by prominent English scholars. Each contains
a portrait in photogravure. A list of the titles is given below.
POEMS OF JOHN KEATS
Edited by G. Thorn Drury, with
an Introduction by Robert
Bridges.
Two volumes.
“What was deepest in the mind of Keats was the love of loveliness for
its own sake, the sense of its rightful and preēminent power; and in the
singleness of worship which he gave to Beauty, Keats is especially the
ideal poet.”
STOPFORD BROOKE.
C
POEMS OF THOMAS CAMPION
Edited by A. H. Bullen.
One volume.
“Few indeed are the poets who have handled our stubborn English
language with such masterly deftness. So long as 'elegancy, facility,
and golden cadence of poesy' are admired, Campion's fame will be
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POETRY OF GEORGE WITHER
Edited by Frank Sidgwick.
Two volumes.
"The poems of Wither are distinguished by a hearty homeliness of
manner and a plain moral speaking. He seems to have passed his life
in one continual act of innocent self-pleasing." - CHARLES LAMB.
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POEMS OF WILLIAM BROWNE
OF TAVISTOCK
Edited by Gordon Goodwine,
with an Introduction by A. H.
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Two volumes.
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same intense pleasure in a fine line or a fine phrase for its own sake. . .
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wafts of pure and delightful music.” –W. T. ARNOLD.
-
-
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POEMS OF SAMUEL TAYLOR
COLERIDGE
Edited by Richard Garnett.
One volume.
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yet his poetry at its best reaches the absolute limits of English
verse as yet written.” – George SAINTSBURY.
bulk ...
POEMS OF HENRY VAUGHAN
Edited by E. K. Chambers, with
an Introduction by H. C.
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Two volumes.
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her works; that indeed the world is to him no less than a veil of the
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part." —H. C. BeeCHING,
Reduced from $1.75 to BROWNE'S BOOKSTORE
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1909.)
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352
[June 1, 1909.
THE DIAL
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Summer Reading
AMONG THE NEW BOOKS FROM
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William Allen White's A Certain Rich Man
No one who has read the vigorous short stories contributed by this author to the American Magazine, of which
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It will be ready early in June.
Mabel Osgood Wright's Poppea of the Post Office
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which "The Open Window" is the latest.
Ready toward the end of June.
NOW READY
Mr. F. Marion Crawford's new novel The White Sister
It is a new "Saracinesca" story, which means that it belongs to the group of novels which are Mr, Crawford's
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perfect story in a perfect way."
Cloth. $1.50.
Miss Ellen Glasgow's new novel The Romance of a Plain Man
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Frank Danby's new novel Sebastian By the author of “ The Heart of a Child"
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according to the London critics, astonishingly keen and brilliant.
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Rina Ramsay's hunting story The Straw
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FOR THOSE OF SPECIAL INTERESTS
Dr. Edward T. Devine's new book Misery and Its Causes
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Cloth. $1.25 net; by mail, $1.35.
Professor Channing and Marion Lansing in Stories of the Great Lakes
have produced for the general reader a rapid, vivid sketch of the varied, picturesque, and adventurous life
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In the Stories from American History Series. Nlustrated. Cloth. $1.50; by mail, $1.62.
Kate V. St. Maur's new book The Earth's Bounty
By the author of " A Self-Supporting Home," written in the same practical and exceedingly interesting way, but
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Professor George R. Carpenter's Life of Walt Whitman
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all the big things are in this little book.”
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President Henry C. King's The Laws of Friendship, Human and Divine
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Mr. Percy Mackaye's new book The Playhouse and the Play
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The Faith and Works of Christian Science By the author of Confessio Medici
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THE
DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
:
No. 551.
JUNE 1, 1909.
Vol. XLVI.
GEORGE MEREDITH.
CONTENTS.
GEORGE MEREDITH
PAGE
353.
-
THE MUSE IN THE MOUNTAINS. Percy F.
Bicknell
355
CASUAL COMMENT
357
Aspects of the copyright question. — The
precipitate
removal of a librarian. — The proposed Harper Me-
morial Library. - Westward the course of library
activity takes its way. Mutual confidence among
publishers. — The Shelleyisms of Swinburne. — The
bewildering array of monthly magazines. — The
democratizing of culture. - The best cure for brain-
fag. — The college man in the “bread line."
Supervision of young folk's reading.
COMMUNICATIONS
360
* Beauty spots” of Shakespeare's Heroines. Morris
P. Tilley.
Thomas Payne and Theodore Roosevelt. Inquirer.
THE WORLD'S FAMILY OF BIRDS. Leander S.
Keyser
361
NATURE AND THE MAN. May Estelle Cook . . 362
In American Fields and Forests. — Mills's Wild Life
on the Rockies. — Selon's Biography of a Silver Fox.
IN DARKEST AFRICA, AND OTHER LANDS.
H. E. Coblentz .
364
Churchill's My African Journey.-Wollaston's From
Ruwenzori to the Congo. - Springer's The Heart of
Central Africa. — Guggisberg's We Two in West
Africa. – Mrs. Peck's Travels in the Far East.
Pennell's Among the Wild Tribes of the Afghan
Frontier. - Henderson's A British Officer in the
Balkans.
THROUGH GARDEN PATHS. Sara Andrew Shafer 367
Miss Kingsley's Roses and Rose-Growing. – Miss
Jeykll's Children and Gardens. — Davidson's Gar-
dens, Past and Present. – Mrs. Batson's A Summer
Garden of Pleasure. – Miss Hays's A Little Mary-
land Garden. — Rexford's The Home Garden.
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne
368
Snaith's Araminta. — Galsworthy's Fraternity.
Bashford's The Pilgrims' March. - North's Syrinx.
- The Inner Shrine. — Grant's The Chippendales.
Webster's A King in Khaki. — Merwin's The Girl
and the Bill. - Miss Brown's The Story of Thyrza.-
Miss Davis's Wallace Rhodes.
VARIOUS BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING 373
A volume of piscatorial pleasantries.-A veteran
chronicler of ocean voyages. — A pleasant guide
through by-ways of Parisian life. – A woman's wit
and enterprise on the farm. -Studying birds in a
public park. – Fishing in California and Canada.
BRIEFER MENTION.
374
NOTES
375
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS
376
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
376
It was only about a month ago that we were
reading Meredith's exquisite tribute to Swin-
burne ; but what writer is now left alive to pay
adequate tribute to Meredith, who survived his
fellow-singer and life-long friend by a scant six
weeks ? It is a heavy loss to English literature
that this Spring records ; our two greatest have
left us, and we have only what consolation may
be found in the possession of their rich inherit-
ance, and in the thought that both had lived long
enough amply to fulfil the purpose of their being.
The younger singer was one of the first to pro-
claim the achievement of his elder brother, call-
ing him nearly half a century ago “one of the
three or four poets now alive whose work, per-
fect or imperfect, is always as noble in design
as it is often faultless in result," and the elder
outlived the younger just long enough to say of
him the most fitting words of praise that any-
one was heard to speak at the time of his death.
Thus are the two greatest writers left to the
twentieth century from the Victorian age insep-
arably linked in our memory, as they were
linked one with another during life by the spir-
itual bond of a common outlook
upon
the world
and a common consecration to the art of noble
expression.
Despite the praises of those who knew, be-
stowed upon him in his early manhood, Meredith
had to wait long for anything like wide recog-
nition of his extraordinary genius. His story
has been the old one of the writer who, disdain-
ing the arts of popularity, makes his appeal to
a few choice spirits in each lustrum or decade,
whose accumulating testimony at last breaks
down the wall of public indifference, and forces
at least a formal admission of his title to an
exalted place in the poetic hierarchy. Meredith's
public acceptance is hardly more than formal
even now, and he is perhaps destined to occupy
some such place as Landor occupies in our liter-
ature, unknown to the populace save by name,
but loved and cherished by the minority whose
suffrage really counts and whose judgment in
the long run absolutely determines all questions
of literary rank. It is, on the whole, a not
unenviable fate; the gusts of popularity are apt
soon to spend their force, but the trade-winds of
.
.
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354
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:
9
reasoned critical judgment are neither capricious wellnigh all the moods and relations of mankind,
nor intermittent.
a criticism of life that is sometimes mordant, but
Writing some score of years ago, Professor always broadly tolerant and humane. The mo-
Dowden said : “ To many persons, not long tion of his spirit is often too agile to be easily
since, Mr. Meredith's novels seemed to be the followed, but its most capricious dartings and
Woods of Westermain, dark, obscure, and un- swoopings are reducible to law, and remain in
frequented. Like Poliphilus, in the Renaissance harmonic conformity with a reasoned theory of
allegory, they have now emerged out of the dark conduct.
.
wood, and are about to refresh themselves from No writer of any time has seen the world with
its waters.” There is no doubt that a few a clearer vision than Meredith, or looked life
thousands of cultivated readers have discovered more honestly in the face. He kept the open
the novels since these words were penned, mind through all his days, and welcomed every
and have esteemed themselves fortunate in so fresh adventure of science, fearlessly moving
doing. But the number of those who are ca- forward into the new territory wrested from the
pable of finding in “ Richard Feverel" and kingdom of old night. So fundamental was his
“ The Egoist” and “Vittoria " the highest conviction that life is good, that he never shrank
-
artistic satisfaction is by nature limited, and is from the fresh revelations that are always com-
never likely to equal the number of those who ing with the advancement of knowledge. His
keep Scott and Dickens and Thackeray popular was no timorous soul to huddle among the
from generation to generation. We are not sure shadows lest the light prove too blinding, or to
that this is not poetic justice ; for Meredith’s cling to tradition despite all evidence that its
novels are undoubtedly chargeable with per- foundations were rotting, and its superstructure
versity of manner, and, although not fairly with doomed to be swept away. Not for him the
obscurity of thought, certainly with a deliberate palterings of his fellow-poets—Browning's stub-
refusal to moderate their gait to the pace of the born refusal to listen to any promptings save
slow-footed reader, or to temper their dry and those of the heart, Tennyson's passionate deter-
dazzling light by an admixture of sentiment and
mination to “cling to faith beyond the forms of
logical exposition. It is not an altogether un-
.
faith,” Arnold's half-hearted acceptance of the
worthy proceeding to make some concessions even inevitable passing of the old order. And the
to dulness of wit; and clearness is a virtue that world upon which he thus looked with a gaze
the greatest of artists has no right to scorn. unclouded by vain regrets — the realized world
Those who resort to Meredith's novels with of the present and the imagined world of the
the expectation of swift dramatic action and a future that science is slowly shaping for our intel-
plot in the cheaper sense of the term are doomed | lectual acceptance—seemed to him a good world,
to disappointment. Plot there is, but of the sort
wonderful in plan, and rich in possibilities for
that proceeds rather from character than from the emancipated human spirit.
circumstance. A frequently quoted passage
“ He builds the soaring spires,
expresses the author's views upon this subject. That sing his soul in stone: of her he draws,
“In tragic life, God wot,
Though blind to her, by spelling at her laws,
No villain need be! passion spins the plot.
Her purest fires."
We are betrayed by what is false within."
Meredith is so great a novelist because he is
But if we miss the hurrying excitement and the essentially a poet, and the discussion of his fic-
adventurous pattern of the conventional work of tion must always lead to the consideration of his
fiction, we have compensations rich enough to verse. The philosophy of life and conduct which
make up many times for the defect. We have, is implicit in his romantic inventions becomes
first of all, a subtlety of characterization, a pen- explicit and crystallized in his song. His poetry
etrative insight into the recesses of the individ- is no less difficult of mastery than his prose, but
,
ual soul, that few other novelists have equalled, is even better worth the needed effort, and who-
and perhaps none surpassed. The presentation ever applies himself earnestly to the task is sure
of character, not by description but by self- of his reward. The initial difficulties of the
revelation, was always Meredith's fundamental reader of Meredith's verse are considerable, and
aim, and he achieved it to an almost Shake- it may be frankly admitted that many of the
spearian degree. And besides this display of poems are so crabbed in diction and so laby-
sheer creative power, he unfolds for his readers rinthine in thought that they are hardly worth
a social philosophy that takes for its province while. But even the most unpromising matrix
|
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1909.]
355
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>
>
ethical message.
may conceal nuggets of the purest gold, and we
THE MUSE IN THE MOUNTAINS.
would not flatly discourage investigation even of
such productions as “ Jump-to-Glory Jane” and
The story is told of the blessed St. Bernard, that
the “Odes in Contribution to the Song of French
as he was journeying one day along the shores of
Lake Geneva a fellow-traveller asked him what he
History." On the other hand, we would not
recommend these eccentricities to the beginner.
thought of the lake. “What lake?” was the holy
But “ Modern Love” and “A Reading of magnificent scenery that encircled him.
man's rejoinder, so little had he taken note of the
Earth" and the “Poems and Lyrics of the Joy
Of men with St. Bernard's introverted gaze it
of Earth” may be named in full confidence that
is not primarily the present purpose to write, nor
the reader, if he knows what poetry is, will soon of those who, on surveying a panorama of snow-
learn to revel in their beauty, and be prepared capped or sparsely-wooded peaks, can only say with
to undertake more adventurous excursions later Dr. Johnson: “An eye accustomed to flowery pas-
on. Best of all to start with is the volume of tures and waving harvests is astonished and repelled
“ Selected Poems," taking Mr. Trevelyan's little by this wide extent of hopeless sterility. The ap-
book on “ The Poetry and Philosophy of George pearance is that of matter incapable of form or
usefulness, dismissed by Nature from her care,
Meredith as a companion and guide.
and disinherited of her favors; left in its original
The beauty of his expression, at its not infre-
elemental state, or quickened only with one sullen
quent best, would alone be sufficient to secure for
power of useless vegetation." To inveterate city-
Meredith a high place in English poetry. The lovers, " it will very readily occur that this uniformity
security becomes far greater when we take into of barrenness can afford very little amusement to the
account the sanity of his thought and its exalted traveller; that it is easy to sit at home and conceive
rocks and heath and waterfalls; and that these jour-
“ Ay, be we faithful to ourselves: despise
neys are useless labours, which neither impregnate
Nought but the coward in us! that
way
lies
the imagination nor enlarge the understanding."
The wisdom making passage through our slough. Who of us others, who are neither St. Bernards
Am I not heard, my head to Earth shall bow; nor Dr. Johnsons, can fail to recall the thrill of
Like her, shall wait to see, and seeing wait. wonder and delight with which our youthful eyes
Philosophy is Life's one match for Fate.”
first encountered a wild and extended mountain
Life is an unending struggle, but not for that a landscape? Then first awoke in us, together with
dispiriting one.
an incipient sense of the immeasurable vastness
“ Never battle's close
and unutterable grandeur of the universe, perhaps
The victory complete and victor crowned;
also a vague impulse to give some expression to our
Nor solace in defeat, save from that sense
feeling of the bigness of things in general and of the
Of strength well spent, which is the strength renewed. majesty of the mountains in particular. Or it may
In manhood must he find his competence;
have been that the wide-eyed child, repeating the
In his clear mind the spiritual food;
God being there while he his fight maintains;
history of early man, experienced at first too much
Throughout his mind the Master Mind being there,
of awe, even of terror, to be in a fit condition to
While he rejects the suicide despair,
sing the praises of the breath-arresting sublimities
Accepts the spur of explicable pains."
confronting him. With him perhaps, as with Childe
Man may make his life or mar it as he will, and Harold, of whom he has yet no knowledge, high
“
mountains are a feeling," and they may not speedily
the responsibility is all his own.
become anything less mutely emotional. It has
« For of waves
taken the human race a long while to overcome this
Our life is, and our deeds are pregnant graves
first nameless terror of the vastness and wildness of
Blown rolling from the sunset to the dawn.”
the mountains. Ancient Greece and Rome have no
He should be
Wordsworths or Bryants to celebrate in verse the
“ Obedient to Nature, not her slave:
beauties of the Thessalian mountain ranges or of the
Her lord, if to her rigid laws he bows,
Alpine peaks. Mountains, in fact, enjoy no enviable
Her dust, if with his conscience he plays knave,
And bids the Passions on the Pleasures browse."
In his “Ars Amatoria”
reputation with them.
Ovid shudders at the very mention of the “windy
The world will not soon forget a poet who can Alps.” Virgil couples the adjective improbus with
speak to it in such appealing accents, inspire it mons, as if the latter
rere something hardly to be
to such noble purpose. The mortal part of him named in polite society. Horace speaks of the
has gone from the sight of man, but the immortal “wintry,” Lucan of the “icy," and Juvenal of the
part remains their heritage.
“cruel” Alps. Centuries later, a German tourist,
“ Full lasting is the song, though he,
Winckelmann, though charmed and delighted with
The singer, passes: lasting too,
the Swiss scenery, was moved to call its moun-
For souls not lent in usury,
tains " frightfully” beautiful (erschrecklich schön).
The rapture of the forward view."
Goethe's father could not understand why his son
66


356
[June 1,
THE DIAL
a
a
turned back at the summit of the St. Gothard, there is no lack of “mountains that like giants stand,
instead of pushing on at once into the sunny plains to sentinel enchanted land.” From the “ steep
of Italy.
“He was especially unable,” records the promontory” of “The Lady of the Lake,” count-
poet, "to evince the smallest feeling of apprecia- less readers have gazed with the stranger, raptured
“
tion for those rocks and misty lakes and nests of and amazed.” Even before Scott, two of his coun-
dragons.”
trymen, Thomson and Beattie, were alive to the
To instance another example of an impressionable charms of mountain and valley; nor must Burns be
nature strangely untouched by mountain scenery, or passed over in silence, nor John Logan and Michael
by rural sights of any kind, we find Charles Lamb Bruce altogether forgotten. To be sure, much of
writing to Coleridge in almost angry protest against this earlier nature-poetry (as one may call it for
the imputation of nature-worship. His friend had lack of a better term) is stiff and formal and aca-
thus apostrophized him in verse :
demic. Yet Beattie's account of the youth who
“My gentle-hearted Charles! for thou hast pined found his way to poetry through lonely forest paths
And hungered after Nature many a year,
and mountain rambles is not without grace.
In the great city pent."
“ Concourse and noise and toil he ever fled,
And the other bluntly replies: “I have no passion Nor cared to mingle in the clamorous fray
(or have had none since I was in love, and then it Of squabbling imps; but to the forest sped,
was the spurious engenderment of poetry and books)
Or roamed at large the lonely mountain's head,
Or where the maze of some bewildered stream
for groves and valleys. The room where I was
To deep, untrodden groves his footsteps led.”
born, the furniture which has been before my eyes
all my life, a book-case which has followed me about having turned us moderns from conventionality and
To Rousseau is commonly given the credit of
like a faithful dog (only exceeding him in knowl- artificiality back to the simple and the natural
, to
edge) wherever I have moved, old chairs, old tables,
the enjoyment of country life and the appreciation of
streets, squares, where I have sunned myself, my
wild beauty in forest and mountain. The benign
old school, these are my mistresses. Have I not
influence of mountains on the human mind, he has
enough without your mountains ? I do not envy pictured at some length in language plentifully
you. I should pity you did I not know that the
At high eleva-
mind will make friends of anything." Lamb did sprinkled with flowers of rhetoric.
.
tions“ the thoughts take on something indescribably
go so far as to admit, in a letter to Manning after a
grand and sublime, in harmony with the environment,
trip to the lakes, that "Skiddaw is a fine creature,'
a tranquil voluptuousness that is utterly free from
although for him a chance of seeing Fleet Street
coarseness or sensuality. One seems, on rising above
every now and then was necessary, or he should
the abodes of man, to leave behind all low and
“mope and pine away.”
earthly sentiments; and the nearer the approach to
But Lamb was not a great poet; indeed, so much
the ethereal regions, the more of their celestial purity
better do we like him as an essayist and a letter-
does the soul appropriate to itself. There one is grave
writer that we are more than half-willing to see him
excluded from the company of poets altogether. He
without melancholy, calm without indolence.” He
describes his own sensations with considerable unc-
visited the lake district in premeditated quest of
“that which tourists call romantic,” and he seems
tion, and expresses surprise that mountain air has
not hitherto been recognized as a potent medicine
to have found it; but it thrilled him to no lyric
for body and soul. In the “Nouvelle Héloïse,"
effusion — just a mildly appreciative letter to
Manning. We must go to his friend Wordworth Preux, who is returning from a journey round the
Rousseau, speaking through the mouth of Saint-
to find a real love of the mountains. In his sonnet
on Mount Skiddaw he laments that “ not an English world, vents the most enthusiastic praise of Alpine
scenery “ The sight of my country,” he exclaims,
Mountain we behold by the celestial Muses glorified.”
“that so-beloved country, where torrents of pleasure
“Yet round our sea-girt shore they rise in crowds :
had inundated my heart, the wholesome, pure atmos-
What was the great Parnassus' self to Thee,
Mount Skiddaw? In his natural sovereignty
phere of the Alps, the soft air of home, sweeter than
Our British Hill is nobler far; he shrouds
the perfumes of the East, this rich and fertile soil,
His double front among Atlantic clouds,
this unrivalled landscape, the most beautiful that
And pours forth streams more sweet than Castaly."
human eye has ever seen, . . . all these things
The opening lines of another sonnet well depict the threw me into transports that I cannot describe.”
shining appearance of a distant snow-capped peak. The city-dweller, harassed and weary after his
“How clear, how keen, how marvellously bright winter's work and confinement, should find rest and
The effluence from yon distant mountain's head, refreshment at this season in Longfellow's lines:
Which, strewn with snow smooth as the sky can shed,
Shines like another sun — on mortal sight
“ If thou art worn and hard beset
Uprisen, as if to check approaching Night,
With sorrows that thou wouldst forget,
If thou wouldst read a lesson that will keep
And all her twinkling stars.”
Thy heart from fainting and thy soul from sleep,
Turning our steps northward from Wordsworth's Go to the woods and hills! No tears
and Coleridge's haunts, we find that the rugged
Dim the sweet look that Nature wears."
landscape of Scotland has inspired many a noble Equally good, and also seasonable, are Bryant's
line of poetry. In Sir Walter's verse, of course, verses beginning :
G


1909.]
357
THE DIAL
6
“ Thou who wouldst see the lovely and the wild Mr. Putnam's meaning has here and there been a
Mingled in harmony on Nature's face,
little distorted by his critics. For example, Mr.
Ascend our rocky mountains.”
Not all of us at all times, and perhaps compara-
Putnam, after speaking of the “Cambridge History
of English Literature," proceeds to make the gen-
tively few of us at any time, can feel, with Words-
eral assertion that “it is frequently the case that the
worth, a presence that disturbs us with the joy of
American librarian purchases the English edition of
elevated thoughts, a sense sublime of something far
a work at a considerably higher price than lie would
more deeply interfused; but it is likely to be on
pay for an American edition equally attractive in
Skiddaw, or Monadnock, òr Mont Blanc, or Shasta,
form" -- a simple and indisputable fact, even though
or some other commanding mountain-top, if any.
the degree of “frequency” of this occurrence may
where, that this reaction from the prosaic humdrum
be open to dispute. Our librarian correspondents,
of our routine existence makes itself felt; and even
however, have seized upon this innocent statement
a short half-hour of such experience seems at the and made it apply to the “English Literature"
time cheaply bought by a year of dull toil in the
alone, which, they go on to say, “can be imported,
cities of the plains. Swinburne somewhere speaks
for a library, for about two dollars, not as Mr.
of these glorious altitudes as
Putnam says, for more than the American edition
“ The warm wan heights of air, moon-trodden ways, costs, equally attractive in form.'” Surely the
'
And breathless gates and extreme hills of heaven.”
librarians have a strong enough case without putting
That the mountains should be inspirers, not only into an opponent's mouth words that he never
of poetry, but also of music, seems to find a ready uttered. But, whatever the more immediate issue,
explanation. The multiple echo of a mountainous
our aëronauts assure us that the day is dawning when
region is almost music in itself. What, then, more the barriers of tariffs and customs will have to fall,
natural than for the Swiss peasant to yodel from not being capable of erection to the heights attained
every hill-top and make the welkin ring ? or for the
by air-ships; and then, to use a favorite phrase of
Scotch highlander to tune up his bagpipes and invite the late Professor Perry of Williams, “the petty,
the mountains to join in the refrain? A curious
piddling processes of protection” will cease to vex
inquirer might find something in the very shape of the importer, whether of French modes or of English
the mountains—the converging and upward-pointing books.
.
lines, like those of the Gothic arch, the cathedral
aisle — to account for their awe-inspiring influence;
THE PRECIPITATE REMOVAL OF A LIBRARIAN,
and in the impetuous dash and rollicking freedom
of more than twenty years' active service in his post
of their babbling streams, so different from the slug-
and in honorable repute in his profession, is a matter
gish and silent flow of lowland brooks and rivers, that naturally calls out considerable comment and
might be discovered another source of musical and
criticism. The abrupt dismissal of Mr. Hild, of the
poetic inspiration.
Chicago Public Library, is one of those occurrences
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
hard to account for except inferentially through
the mysterious machinations of professional politics.
When Dr. Poole, one of the most experienced and
CASUAL COMMENT.
distinguished librarians in the country, left the
Public Library for the Newberry, he was asked by
ASPECTS OF THE COPYRIGHT QUESTION vary
the Directors to recommend a successor, and he
enormously according to the point of view. Every named Mr. Hild as in his opinion the best man for
man's private interest shows an incorrigible tendency the place. Dr. Poole was not likely to be mistaken
to effect, for that man, a total obscuration of the about a man who had worked under his own eye for
billion or more interests of the rest of the world ; a dozen years, as Mr. Hild had done; and the favor-
and thus the arguments of champions of opposing able prepossession created by this endorsement was
interests frequently become as futile and absurd as confirmed by long years of faithful, and, until the
the quarrel of the two knights-errant concerning the present outbreak, approved service by Mr. Hild as
color of the shield suspended between them. A librarian. The charge of incompetency which it
little illustration of disputation at somewhat cross has taken twenty years to reach is, under the cir-
purposes has recently been furnished to readers of cumstances, not altogether satisfying to the public
THE DIAL. Mr. George Haven Putnam, writing whose interests the Library Board, no less than the
,
from the publisher's point of view, and Messrs. librarian, is supposed to serve. It can hardly be
Steiner and Cutter from the librarian's, have fav- deemed uncbaritable to suggest that the Board itself
ored us with sundry excellent arguments for and may be at least partly responsible for the state of
against certain restrictions on the importation of a affairs which is made the ostensible ground of its
certain class of books. Possibly the latter gentle- drastic action. The lack of branch libraries and of
men's zeal in a worthy cause betrayed them into a travelling libraries, the insufficient coördination of
too slight regard for the amenities of speech. “This the public library with the public schools, and the
is simply an absolutely false statement " is one of disproportionate expense of circulating the library's
those things that might have been expressed differ- books, are details in which the trustees are surely no
ently. Perhaps, too, in the ardor of the moment, less concerned than the librarian. Unceremonious


358
(June 1,
THE DIAL
discharge of the latter official does not commend plans already tentatively formulated include the use
itself as the best way to supply such existing defects of the largest hotel in Pasadena, with an assembly
as have been pointed out.
room well fitted for the sessions of the convention,
and with special rates and accommodations for the
THE PROPOSED HARPER MEMORIAL LIBRARY librarians. The inspiring beauties of the surround-
for the University of Chicago is likely to have ing regions, and the proximity of both the mountains
features that will make it somewhat of a novelty in and the sea, would afford opportunity for pleasurable
library architecture, at the same time that it will be excursions and entertainments, while the going and
a worthy memorial of the man whose best thought coming might be made delightful and profitable by
and energy went to the upbuilding of the institution including, under advantageous conditions and at
of which he was the first head. The May number economical rates, side trips to the Grand Cañon in
of “The University of Chicago Magazine” opens going, and to Yo Semite in returning by a northern
with a good description, by Professor Andrew C. route. The plan is certainly an attractive one, and
McLaughlin, of the building that is yet to be — is likely to receive favorable consideration from the
that has, in fact, not yet been fully designed. Rati- librarians at their annual conference this month in
fication of the architect's plans is still to come, but
the White Mountains.
some brief excerpts from the published description MUTUAL CONFIDENCE AMONG PUBLISHERS has
may safely be given. The new library “is to form
been promoted, in the London publishing world,
the centre of the row of buildings forming a con- by the formation of the Publishers' Circle, a sort
nected line from Ellis Avenue to Lexington Avenue
of literary-commercial-dining (or lunching) club
along the Midway. ... The library building is 248 already mentioned by us. As a simple illustration
feet long from east to west along the Midway; its
of the benefits accruing to members of this organi-
width north and south is 60 feet. At either end is
zation, let us quote a passage from Mr. Arthur
a tower 60 feet by 50, rising above the main roof
Waugh's reported utterances concerning the Circle,
of the building, its highest turret 128 feet from the
its mission, and its achievement. “ It was only the
ground.” The main part of the building will be other day,” said he, “that a literary agent came to
comparatively low with no floors above the general
our firm [Messrs. Chapman and Hall] offering a
reading-room in the third story. Book-stacks are in
book by an author, the sales of whose last work, he
the basement, although they may be also introduced
assured me, had amounted to 5000 copies. I told
in rooms that at first will be used as offices and other-
him I was confident that this was not the case.
wise. The many-storied towers will have numerous He replied by assuring me that it was. When the
rooms for various purposes, and the tower corridors
agent had left the room I rang up the publisher of
will be accessible from adjacent buildings by means the book in question, and he informed me that the
of bridges. The reading-room, 140 by 50 feet, with
entire sales had amounted to 572 copies !” One
high vaulted ceiling, will seat 288 readers — 38 more
cannot but wish the ringing-up had been done
than the reading-room of the Library of Congress. before, instead of after, the zealous agent had de-
So far as one can see, the needs of a great university parted. Mr. Waugh says further : “ Personally I
library, the intellectual centre of the university life,
feel that most of us are willing to pay an author
have been wisely and generously provided for, except whatever his book can fairly earn. In the
that more ample allowance might have been made
future it ought to be increasingly possible, through
for future accessions of books. In this item nine
the exertions of the Circle, for an author to get just
libraries out of ten fail to forsee the rapidity of their as much for his book as he is entitled to - and no
growth in even the near future. For example, the more.” It is now three years since the Circle had
comparatively new library building of the University
its informal beginning at the Charterhouse Hotel,
of Illinois found itself cramped for book-room in a
where half a dozen publishers were wont to lunch
surprisingly short time after it had opened its doors.
together. Its gradual growth, what it has done,
and what it hopes to do, are all matters of more
WESTWARD THE COURSE OF LIBRARY ACTIVITY than technical interest.
TAKES ITS WAY, as is shown by the recent transfer
of the official headquarters of the American Library THE SHELLEYISMS OF SWINBURNE might furnish
Association from Boston to Chicago, and by the matter for an extended essay. By Swinburne's
movement, already well under way, for holding the Shelleyisms we shall here signify merely the
annual conference of the Association next year in more or less unconscious points of resemblance in
California. At a recent meeting of the California the later poet's life and character to the briefer
Library Association, at Oakland, a resolution was career and more ardent temperament of the earlier.
passed urging upon the Council of the A. L. A. the Mr. Andrew Lang, in some “Impressions of Swin-
desirability of holding next year's national conven- burne” contributed to the New York “ Evening
tion at Pasadena, a place almost ideally situated Post," touches briefly on a few of these parallelisms.
for such a purpose — especially if the time for the Both poets were born aristocrats with a literary
event could be fixed for April, a month when the passion for democracy; each went his own inde-
charms of that fair land are at their loveliest. The pendent way at Oxford, though Swinburne's way
9
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1909.]
359
THE DIAL
was by far the quieter, and each left the Univer- higher education, is likewise noteworthy and com-
sity without a degree; both were lovers and skilful mendable. As President Hadley said recently in an
imitators of Greek poetry, especially of Greek address at Mt. Holyoke College, culture is a relative
tragedy. There are no traditions of Swinburne's term, varying in meaning in different ages and
“ ragging the dons” in Shelley's manner. On the
among different communities; but its essential ele-
contrary he conducted himself undemonstratively, ment is the broadening of mental vision and the
choosing mainly the society of a Scottish student enlarging and perfecting of appreciation. Yet,
named Nichol, who later became professor of English after all is said and done, there will remain not a
literature at Glasgow. There is a tradition that, few, of an earlier generation, who cherish, rightly
when asked to subscribe to the cricket club, young enough, the conception of culture as something best
Swinburne proposed that he and Nichol should pay attained by pursuing the time-honored prescribed
one subscription between them; and tradition also course at a college not yet wholly committed to
avers that persons passing the young poet's rooms
66 electives.”
were more than likely to hear him reading poetry THE BEST CURE FOR BRAIN-FAG is sought by more
aloud and Nichol knocking the ashes from his pipe. than one jaded literary worker at this season of the
Mr. Lang is inclined to think it "hardly conceivable year. A little book by Dr. Warren Achorn, entitled
that, as a poet and an Etonian in boyhood, Mr. “ Nature's Help to Happiness,” presents some pleas-
Swinburne should not have modelled himself, more
ant methods of recuperation. The doctor would
or less consciously, on Shelley."
turn all city dwellers out to grass bring them into
close and continuous contaet with the earth, espe-
THE BEWILDERING ARRAY OF MONTHLY MAGA- cially on mountain-tops and in forests. Out-door
ZINES that meets the eye on the railway news-stand sleeping is recommended, and as much open-air work
must have often prompted the query, How do they as would be required to keep a vegetable garden
all manage to keep going? Probably the correct free from pig-weed, dandelions, quiteh-grass, and
answer to this question is that comparatively few other unwelcome invaders of the potato-patch and
are really published at a profit. A great number the onion-bed. Dr. Achorn has been a member of
are creatures of a day or a year, at most. They the medical staff of the Emmanuel Church move-
perish, but their places are immediately taken by ment (otherwise known as Psychotherapy), and he
fresh contestants in the struggle for existence, is a firm believer in the social efficacy of this
hope seeming to spring eternal in the breast of the “ground cure.” Strikes would be far less frequent,
would-be magazine publisher. Of the undistinguished he believes, if every workman cultivated a garden
many that thus float on the wave of a brief pros- and were more intent on punishing the weeds therein
perity, or make-believe prosperity, little heed need than on pestering his employer for shorter hours and
be taken. But when a publication of some solidity higher wages.
and worth, like “ Appleton's Magazine," vacates its THE COLLEGE MAN IN THE BREAD LINE
wonted place on the news-stand, its retirement elicits spectacle that saddens and that moves to reflection.
a word of regret. Messrs. D. Appleton & Co. an- College education is more and more striving to
nounce the discontinuance of the above-named coördinate itself with the demands of modern life and
monthly with the June number, and also an arrange- industry, the sciences are ousting the old-fashioned
ment with the publishers of “ Hampton's Magazine' “humanities," the principles of trade and commerce
by which that periodical will be supplied to Appleton are taught, and to an increasing extent the practical
subscribers during the unexpired terms of their sub- is taking precedence of the ideal. And yet we are
scriptions. “ Appleton's” deserved a better fate.
told by a mission worker in the slums of New York
(we refer to Mr. E. C. Mercer and his Columbia
THE DEMOCRATIZING OF CULTURE, as one might University address on “College Graduates on the
call the aim and purpose of the proposed Massa- Bowery”) that one night he counted thirty-nine
"
chusetts College and also of the new system of uni- college men of his acquaintance in the Bowery
versity extension work undertaken by Oxford, is one “bread line,” while another investigator found four
of the most important movements in education that hundred college men in the Bowery in a single
the world has seen, being comparable with the insti- night. Under the old educational régime a college-
tution of the public-school system itself. That aris- bred pauper was an almost unheard of anomaly.
tocratic Oxford should lend its support and its
its ca
Can it be that, after all, the most practical things
prestige to the new departure, whereby some of the are in some danger of proving the most useless?
benefits of a veritable university education are to be
placed within the reach of the plebeian many, is a SUPERVISION OF YOUNG FOLK'S READING and
memorable and a pleasing occurrence in the history stimulation of interest in good literature can, as Mr.
of culture; and that the State of Massachusetts, Judson T. Jennnings of the Seattle Public Library
which embraces within its borders some of the oldest observes in his current Report, be advantageously
and most conservative colleges (including the very accomplished by the public-school teacher in con-
oldest and most aristocratic) in the land, should also nection with the daily lessons. The delegation of
seek to broaden and popularize the scope of the an assistant librarian to do work of this sort in the
is a


360
[June 1,
THE DIAL
a
>
oes
writer says:
6
Saturday morning “story hour” has been objected time associating Rosaline's “oes ” with the pock-marks
to by some as not the most economical or effective of small-pox. The ability to flash such a change in the
means of attaining the desired end. With the meaning of a word is one of the tests of the “ squibs
cooperation of the teachers, library work in the
and crackers of speech " in this play.
schools is inexpensive, no special reading-rooms or
In the one other passage where “oes is used by
staff of assistants being required; and who, except
Shakespeare (Mids. Ñ's. D., III., ii., 192-195), there is a
similar contrast between a blonde and a brunette beauty,
perhaps a wise parent, could better understand the
as there is also a pun on the letter “o.” It may
be
child's individual needs and peculiar temperament that Shakespeare intended here by the use of “ to
than the child's teacher ? “If she is wise enough," refer not only to the stars but to the dark beauty of
says Mr. Jennings, "to realize the important part Hermia as well.
MORRIS P. TILLEY.
which intelligent reading has in education, both University of Michigan, May 20, 1909.
during and after school days, she will coordinate
the pupil's reading with his school work and thereby THOMAS PAINE AND THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
create an added interest in each.”
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
In that dignified and forceful journal of public dis-
cussion in England, the weekly “Nation” of London, I
find (issue of May 10) an eloquent editorial article on
COMMUNICATIONS.
Thomas Paine and his “ long life of conspicuous service
in the causes of political and spiritual enlightenment in
“ BEAUTY-SPOTS” OF SHAKESPEARE'S HEROINES. three great countries of which he was a citizen." The
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
Ros: “Ware pensals. How? Let me not die your debtor,
“From his early life of sordid struggle, in what his biog-
My red Dominicall, my golden letter.
rapher justly calls an almost incredible England,' he [Paine]
O that your face were full of Oes!
carried into the New England across the water a consuming
Qu:
A pox of that jest, and I beshrew all shrows."
passion for human justice and liberty, not as platform phrases,
Love's Labour's Lost, V., ii., 47. but as hard, concrete goods worth fighting and dying for,
Rosaline, in a parry of wit, directs these lines at
which set America afire, when she was confusedly pondering
Katherine, her fellow waiting-lady to the Princess.
'an impossible and unnatural reconciliation,' From America
to France, fresh in the throes of her great upheaval, he passed,
“Oes" here has been taken, in connection with the more
not as' an incendiary, but as a moderating and constructive
correct reading of the quarto [were not so full of], to influence in her National Convention, risking his very life
refer to marks of small-pox that disfigure Katherine's for the cause of clemency in dealing with a traitorous king.
face [L. L. L., Variorum, V., ii., 45, note]; or to the pim- From France to England, carrying the same doctrines of
ples that Rosaline wishes that she might see on her
liberty in politics and religion, not a cold utilitarian concep-
friend's countenance (First Folio Shakespeare, L. L. L.,
tion of individual rights, but a rich human gospel of a com-
p. 173, note). The Arden Edition of “L. L. L.” (1906)
monwealth sustained by a passion of humanity as deep and real
as ever inflamed the soul of man. He was one of the first open
explains it as meaning “spots, pimples.” The same
advocates of the liberation of the negro slaves, of the abolition
edition supports its definition of “pensals,” as “small
of capital punishment, of international treaties of arbitration :
finely-pointed brushes for the insertion of spots or lines," forty years before Comte he was the author of the phrase
by quotations from contemporary writers.
the Religion of Humanity.' So far was he from being the
“ Oes" probably refers to the black beauty-spots by atheist his malignant traducers fastened in the common mind,
which the blonde beauty has thought to enhance her fair-
that his first and avowed motive in writing his 'Age of
ness; for Dumaine could not well have said of Katherine Reason' was to induce man to return to the pure, unmixed,
that she was as “fair as day” (iv., ii., 90), had her face
and unadulterated belief in one God and no other.' ... The
been pitted with marks of small-pox. Nor does the
man whose eloquent and reasoned appeal, . Common Sense,'
first formulated the demand for independence, the first coiner
interpretation of “Oes” as pimples seem to me to fit
of the great thought and expression, "The United States of
into the sense of the passage. For reference to the America,' the man whom Washington and Jefferson were
black velvet patches that were worn at this time to proud to call their friend, and whose magnificent work for
enhance a beauty's complexion, see Lyly's “ Midas " the liberation of their country they acknowledged with
(Bond ed., vol. iii., p. 121, 1. 80; and p. 155, 1. 109). unstinted praise, - this man was spoken of by Theodore
The color of these beauty-spots, as well as their
Roosevelt quite recently as 'a dirty little atheist. But, after
shape, gives Rosaline an opportunity “not to die
all, our feelings of resentment at such a brutality are assuaged
Katherine's debtor.” “ Oes” is here an archaic form
by the reflection that whereas Mr. Roosevelt will in a quick
generation sink to the obscurity from which a series of acci-
of "ooze," rhyming, according to its older pronunciation,
dents lifted him for a few years, history will gradually set in
with “shrowes.” Our modern pronunciation (uz) had
its proper place among the makers of the Republic the mem-
not established itself at this time (s. oes, ooze in Oxford ory of the man whom he defamed."
Dictionary). Webbe in his “ Travailes,'' 1590, [Arber I have quoted this striking passage chiefly to ask
Reprint, p. 32, a], gives us the spelling “oes whether it is really true that Mr. Roosevelt ever ap-
“ooze": "She might have gone to the mid leg in oes plied to Paine the epithet given, and, if so, when, and
or mire.”
under what circumstances. I have the impression that
With " in the sense of “ ooze" in this passage, the term is not original with Mr. Roosevelt; but that
we have preserved not only the pun on the letter “0," he even used it at all, in any way of endorsement, is
but in the color of ooze we have a distinct addition to
something I do not like to believe. INQUIRER.
the thought of the passage as a whole, emphasizing as
Chicago, May 18, 1909.
it does the contrast between the dark beauty of Rosa-
line and the blonde beauty of Katherine.
[Perhaps some of our readers may be able to
“A pox of that jest ” — the Princess's contribution to answer this correspondent's inquiry. — EDR. THE
this play of wit -- is a further turn of the thought, this DIAL.]
6
6
a
" for
oes
-


1909.]
361
THE DIAL
value; it gives the latest definition of a bird,
The New Books.
showing its place in the classified system of ani-
mal life, and tells also of such matters as tem-
THE WORLD'S FAMILY OF BIRDS.*
perature, feathers, colors, pterylosis, renewal of
feathers, age of feathers, nests and eggs, etc.
The awakening of interest in all fields of
An excellent chapter, devoted to the anatomy
nature study, especially the study of birds, is
of birds, is contributed by Dr. Frederic A.
illustrated by the issue of Dr. Knowlton's hand-
Lucas, curator-in-chief of the Brooklyn Institute
some volume on 6. Birds of the World." There
of Arts and Sciences. Then follow illuminating
is no doubt that the book fills a real want.
chapters by the author, on the geographical
Thousands of bird-lovers have long felt the need
distribution of birds, their migration and classi-
of just such a work as this, which covers the avi-
fication. On these subjects the author indicates
faunal field the world over and still is not too
what is actually known, while pointing out what
expensive or bulky. Heretofore the student of
still remains in the realm of speculation among
cosmopolitan bird-life has had to rummage every; scientific observers. It is extremely satisfactory
where, with a large expenditure of time and
thus to have presented the latest information
money, in order to procure the information he
obtainable in this field of nature-study.
desired relative to the life of birds in various
The matter in the main body of the work is
parts of the world. While some might have
preferred the work in two volumes, perhaps fication yet devised, although the author gives
arranged according to the best system of classi-
three, for convenience in handling and holding, full credit to other systems. Under each sub-
yet it is to be assumed that there were good rea-
sons for issuing it in one good-sized volume at a
class appear the various orders, sub-orders,
families, super-families, and species, so that the
moderate price, rather than in several volumes
systematic student is informed as to the exact
at a greater cost. Large as the book is, it is
scientific status of each member of the feathered
well made, with a loose back so that it will lie family. It is indeed a joy to the student to
open at any page, and therefore can be held on
have before him a book in which he can trace
the lap or laid on the desk during perusal. The
all the thousands of avian species in the world,
type is clear and large, and the paper of excel-
True, the limitations of the work preclude the
lent quality
mention of all the species in some families —as,
The contents of the work deserve unstinted
for example, the Wood-warblers and Humming-
praise. There is, in fact, little if anything to
criticize. Even some of the more cheaply exe-
birds; but this does not prevent the student from
finding the place of each species, whether named
cuted of the pictures are so truly illustrative as
or not, in the avicular system. In the case of
well to warrant their insertion. The literary
many families and species, enough is said about
quality of the work is good. It is not always them to afford a satisfactory life history, the
that a scientific writer possesses a clear-cut lit-
chief diagnostic habits being detailed. Wherever
erary style. We know several valuable books
on birds that suffer much from the author's
a species shows some very marked peculiarity, it
is described with sufficient fulness. In brief, it
inability to tell his story in an attractive way.
may be said that the author has shown excellent
Dr. Knowlton, we are glad to say, describes his
and discriminating judgment in his selection of
birds in such a simple and effective manner that
material, omitting nothing that was essential,
the reader is pleased and interested at the same
and yet including whatever is of vital interest
time that he is instructed.
to the bird-lover. The work is, therefore, all
On the title-page, Mr. Robert Ridgway is
mentioned as the editor of the book.
that it purports to be — a veritable handbook
His
of the birds of the world.
preface informs us that he did little more than
carefully to read and slightly revise the author's
To give an example of the easy, flowing style
of the author, and at the same time show that he
manuscript. However,
that was invaluable ser-
vice, for it frees the text from typographical and
has not written merely a dry table of statistical
data, but has himself a warm appreciation of
scientific errors, and renders it as nearly correct
as exact literary and scientific scholarship can
what is fascinating about our feathered neigh-
make it. The author's Introduction is of much
bors, we quote the opening paragraph of his
article on the Thrushes.
* BIRDS OF THE WORLD: A Popular Account. By Frank H. « The mere mention of the word Thrush at once sug-
Knowlton, Ph.D. With sixteen colored plates by Mary Mason
Mitchell, and 236 other illustrations. New York: Henry Holt
gests musical ability of a high order; and well it may,
for the present group numbers among its members some
-
-
& Co.


362
[June 1,
THE DIAL
of the most exquisite songsters of the whole wide world. should ; and the setting for each bird is worked
The ringing, flute-like notes of the Veery, the clear,
out with an accuracy and a loveliness of detail
pure come-to-me or e-o-lie of the Wood Thrush, the
solemn, mysterious, silvery, bell-like tones of the Hermit
that any artist might be proud of achieving.
Thrush, as they come to us from the cool depths of the
Even the birds from far-off parts of the world
forest, and the cheerful, extended vocabulary of the are shown amidst their native environment. It
Robin, have placed them, one and all, high in the regard would be hard to find a more captivating pic-
of lovers of bird music. The far-famed Nightingale of
ture than Miss Mitchell's portrayal of the Great
Europe, together with the Throstle, or Song Thrush, and
the Blackbird and Robin Redbreast, so dear to English
Crowned Pigeon of the Papuan and Solomon
hearts, are all members of this widespread and highly
Islands. Not to mention others, the studies of
musical family.”
the Racket-tailed Kingfisher, the Fiery Topaz
While we are considering the Family Tur- Hummingbird, the Elegant Pitta, Collie's
didæ, it may be well to take it as an instance Magpie-Jay, and the Central American Tana-
of the manner of the author's treatment of an ger, leave nothing to be desired either in beauty
interesting group of birds. He is disposed to
or effectiveness of delineation. The most ardent
cut out of this family the Old World Warblers, bird-lover will hardly be disappointed in this
the Mockingbirds (including the Thrashers and admirable work, which will afford him the priv-
Catbirds), the Dippers, and the Gnatcatchers. ilege of revelling in the study of the world's
In spite of this extensive excision, Dr. Knowlton birds in print and picture, which is the next
informs us that the Thrush family “comprises best thing to studying them in their haunts, and
between five and six hundred forms disposed costs much less in time, money, and effort.
among some seventy genera ; and if the New
LEANDER S. KEYSER.
Zealand Thrushes (Turnagra) really belong
here, which some doubt, it is practically cosmo-
politan, though most abundant in the warmer
parts of the Old World.” He puts the lyrical
NATURE AND THE MAN.*
Solitaires into this group, and that would be
The Nature-books of the season, though few
distinction enough even if the family contained
in number, form an excellent pretext for the ex-
not a single other feathered musician. There
pression of thankfulness that the men who have
are half a dozen genera and thirty forms of the
been our leaders and admonishers in the love
Solitaire sub-family, all of them native American
of Nature have been and are men of the most
birds except a single Hawaiian genus. We
admirable character. “No other such body of
wonder what an Old World ornithologist would
think if he were to be awakened some morning Lore Sharp, “ is seen anywhere else"; and we
Nature literature as ours,” says Mr. Dallas
with the peerless song of Townsend's Solitaire
may add, with even greater justice, “and no-
ringing in his ears. Besides the Robin, the Wood
where else such a delectable group of natural-
Thrush, the Hermit Thrush, etc., we find that
ists.” The “spacious skies and fields of waving
there is a marvellous singing Thrush in South
America, some ground Thrushes in Africa, Asia, grain ” would have been ours without these
Australia, and New Zealand, and one represent- love." But how far in the study and under-
interpreters, and would have called forth our
ative (the Varied Thrush) in the New World. standing of Nature would any of us have gone
The Fieldfare and Ring Ouzel of Europe belong without the writings of the pioneers in this
to this varied family; so do the Rock Thrushes,
field ? And how much of the “ general, wide-
the Accentors, the Bush Chats, the English spread turning to the out-of-doors,” which is
Robin, the Nightingale, the Wheatears, the
now spoken of as one of our national character-
Bluebirds, and quite
a number of other forms.
istics, would have taken place had not the men
This will indicate the way in which Dr. Knowl-
who set the fashion been even better worth
ton has packed his book with information, which knowing in themselves than in their writings ?
an elaborate index makes easily accessible.
No wonder that we have followed them, - for
The illustrations show the birds in the midst
of their natural surroundings, and the subjects they have shown themselves healthy of body,
have been selected for their beauty and effec-
.
>
* IN AMERICAN FIELDS AND FORESTS. By Henry D. Thoreau,
John Burroughs, Bradford Torrey, Dallas Lore Sharp. Olive
tiveness. The sixteen full-page plates in colors, Thorne Miller. With illustrations from photographs by Herbert
done by Miss Mary Mason Mitchell, can hardly
WILD LIFE ON THE ROCKIES. By Enos A. Mills. With illus-
be praised too highly. The coloring is most trations from photographs. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
delicate ; the poses are expressive, showing
The BIOGRAPHY OF A Silver Fox. A Companion Volume to
The Biography of a Grizzly." By Ernest Thompson Seton.
the birds at their best, as all bird pictures Illustrated by the author. New York: The Century Co.
W. Gleason. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.


1909.]
363
THE DIAL
quick of eye, keen of mind, and loving and Thoreau and Mr. Burroughs, and two each from
happy of heart. Nor should sea and sky and Mr. Bradford Torrey, Mr. Sharp, and Mrs.
mountains have all the credit for the beauty of Miller. Half a dozen pictures, from photo-
their manliness, for “ without soul all these are graphs taken especially for this book and repro-
,
dead,” and it is man himself who furnishes the duced in photogravure, show typical beauties
soul. We are likely to forget that Nature needs of our Eastern fields and woodlands, appro-
man as much as man needs Nature, that, as priate to the various naturalists' appreciations
Emerson put it, “ the power to produce delight of them.
does not reside in nature, but in man, or in a It is not very often that a new name is added
harmony of both.” We have to thank them all, to the roll of these elect, but this is one of the
therefore, from Audubon and Emerson down to fortunate years. People who go to Estes Park,
the naturalists of to-day, both scientific and in Colorado, hear the story told of Mr. Enos
philosophical, for being men of such disposition Mills that when he was Government Snow
that they loved Nature, and of such character Observer for that State Mr. Roosevelt tele-
that they made it seem to us a lovely thing to graphed him “ Come at once to Washington,
love her.
and that he replied, “ Can't; I'm too busy.”
The list of these leaders and teachers is too The new book from his pen, called “Wild Life
long for us to recount the services which each on the Rockies,” gives the story a probable
has rendered as an individual. A new volume sound, for it shows the absorption with which
of extracts called “ In American Fields and Mr. Mills goes about his business. It is a
Forests” makes a good representative selection. delightful book on its own account, but its chief
Thoreau taught us even more by his independ charm is in the revelation of the author's per-
ence than by his observations; for did he not sonality. A man who refuses to carry fire-arms
prove that it is safe for a man to throw himself in a country where mountain lions and timber
upon the bosom of Nature, free of all conven- wolves are plenty, and who always manages in
tions, and that one man living so can form a some way when he encounters them to justify
better society than even that of Concord in the his hardihood, who sleeps out of doors on moun-
days of its glory? Mr. John Burroughs is tain peaks in the dead of winter without blankets
himself the " University of the Catskills," or overcoat and often without a camp-fire, who
offering as good courses in the humanities as in carries only raisins for food and is not disturbed
the sciences, - or, rather, offering a combina- if even these give out for a day or two; who
,
tion of the two such as our other universities passes through an electric storm which pulls his
have not yet attained. Mr. John Muir has hair, binds his muscles, and shakes his heart
rendered us a similar but sublimer service on literally — with no other emotion than that of
the Pacific Coast. How much poorer should enjoyment, — this is the genuine sort of man
we all have been had he not possessed an eye whose name may worthily be added to the num-
to see and a soul to feel the beauty of the great ber of our Nature teachers. Mr. Mills's book
Sequoias, the charm of the Yosemite, and the is written with the simple directness, almost
mystic grandeur of the mountain glaciers ? Mr. bluntness, characteristic of the man. It contains
Bradford Torrey and Mr. Dallas Lore Sharp, chapters on the snowfall, the forests, the parks,
though they confess themselves followers rather and some of the individual peaks of the Rockies,
than pioneers, have no less potent influence on some excellent animal stories, and a fascinating
us, because while leading lives not very different history of a thousand-year pine. Pictures of
from our own every-day existences they keep the author in the door of his pine-shaded log-
themselves in touch with Nature by their interest cabin, of snow-clad crests that he has climbed
in “old roads” and birds and muskrats—and and camped upon, of Rocky Mountain “parks
”
"
even skunks. And Mrs. Olive Thorne Miller and forests that he has explored, furnish an
has proved that women can qualify in this interesting descriptive background for the nar-
fellowship, doing the same things as man, though rative.
always with a difference. The selections from Mr. Thompson Seton has written “ The Biog-
these entertaining writers can hardly be expected raphy of a Silver Fox" as a companion volume
to please all Nature enthusiasts, for the obvious to the “ Biography of a Grizzly." The author
'
reason that in a book of selections something calls attention to the fact that the story contains
has to be omitted. But it would have been incidents similar to those in Mr. Roberts's story
difficult to choose more wisely, and the choice of Red Fox ; but those who know both writers
is wide enough to include four essays each from will know that this was mere accident. The
-
-
a
a


364
[June 1,
THE DIAL
a
story is well told, and is as interesting as any America but of the world. The “ Darkest
of those that have come from this author's Africa" of the geographer and anthropologist is
pen — which is as high praise as a critic could eclipsed in interest by that of the adventurer and
well give. Compared with the quite unpreten- hunter. The scientific study of its wild tribes
tious and simple stories in such a book as Mr. and curious races is giving place to the study of
Mills's, it perhaps raises the question whether its animal life, particularly its “big game," as
the points are not a little strained
a little
its remotest and obscurest regions are illuminated
melodramatic-to represent truly the life of our by the flash of Hunter Roosevelt's rifle. Des-
brothers of the field, who after all have a great patches in the daily papers chronicle his move-
deal of the commonplace in their lives, just as ments and achievements as though they were
humans have. The book is artistically bound the advance of a conquering army. The tale of
in blue and silver, beautifully decorated and “ Roosevelt's bag to date ” (May 20) reads like
illustrated, and will be a most acceptable gift- the list of killed and wounded in a battle.
book for children.
Among lions, the mortality due to him and his
There is much more that might be said in son (a formidable junior Nimrod) is stated to
praise of the sort of men who have endeared be 6, rhinoceroses 3, giraffes 3, wildebeestes 3,
themselves to us through the study of Nature, gazelles 1, hippopotamuses 1, cheetahs 1. Such
but one appreciative thought chiefly abides. by-products of the jungle as pythons and wart-
These men who give so much of their lives to hogs are not counted by the hunters, these being
woods and fields and animals might easily des- but “ vermin ” and not worthy a place in the
pise and hate man, for he is almost always the - bag ” of noble game. With the above brave
careless and blind self-seeker, and sometimes showing, the despatch states that “Colonel
“
the wanton destroyer. But these writers have Roosevelt to-day added a hippopotamus to his
no bitter and cruel words. In them, the love big game bag," and that he had also “ bagged a
of Nature has grown so deep that it includes female rhinoceros. The first shot wounded her
human nature; and though they deprecate in the shoulder and the animal fled to the bushes.
man's destructiveness they tolerate man himself, Mr. Roosevelt followed on horseback, and six
and even like him. It was a brave saying of more shots were required to bring the beast
Emerson's that “In the distant tranquil land-
down."
This latter achievement, the despatch
scape, and especially in the distant line of the states, was on Sunday: “ the seventh day this,
horizon, man beholds somewhat as beautiful as the jubilee of man,” as Byron sang in his intro-
his own nature." But it is quite as brave and duction to the Spanish bull-fight. Later des-
large-minded, now that man has multipled and patches show that the buffalo season has started
“ aggressed” much more atrociously than in in cheerily, “to-day Mr. Roosevelt and his son
Emerson's time, to retain the faith that man Kermit having succeeded in bringing down their
may still have beauty in his soul.
third animal of this kind. The bull buffalo
MAY ESTELLE Cook. wounded by the hunters yesterday fled into the
marshes, where he was found and finished off.”
It is no wonder, with details as racy as these
IN DARKEST AFRICA, AND OTHER LANDS.*
given daily in the newspapers, that Africa is at
present a theme of absorbing interest and that
The presence of Mr. Roosevelt in Africa, and
books on Africa are in keen demand.
the character and purpose of his expedition,
First of these in our present list is that of the
seem just now to have brought that country into Right Hon. Winston Churchill, M. P., British
unusual prominence not only in the eyes of
Under Secretary of State for the Colonies, whose
MY AFRICAN JOURNEY. By The Right Hon. Winston African journey was undertaken primarily for
Spencer Churchill, M.P. Illustrated. New York: George H.
the purpose of informing his countrymen about
FROM RUWENZORI TO THE CONGO. By A. F. R. Wollaston. “ the wonderful estates they have recently ac-
Illustrated. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.
THE HEART OF CENTRAL AFRICA. By John M. Springer.
quired in the northeastern quarter of Africa.”
Illustrated. Cincinnati: Jennings & Graham.
On this quest he journeyed from the Indian
We Two in WEST AFRICA. By Decima Moore and Major
Ocean to Victoria Nyanza, thence through
F. G. Guggisberg. Illustrated. New York: Charles Scribner's
Uganda to the navigable waters of the Nile, and
TRAVELS IN THE FAR East. By Ellen M. H. Peck. Ilus-
northward to Cairo. His conclusion is that East
trated. Milwaukee: Published by the Author.
AMONG THE WILD TRIBES OF THE AFGHAN FRONTIER. By
Africa is not adapted for any rapid develop-
T. L. Pennell. Illustrated. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
ment by the white man ; the climatic conditions
A BRITISH OFFICER IN THE BALKANS. By Major Percy E.
Henderson. Illustrated. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
are unfavorable. There is a possibility, however,
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that the country may be made adaptable for times even dangerous to body and soul; but
the overflow of the swarming millions of India. withal she has an attraction which can hardly
Of Uganda, however, he writes with almost be resisted, and when you have once come under
unreserved enthusiasm. All tropical products her spell you feel it a duty to uphold her reputa-
may be grown there, as the conditions are unusu-
tion. So I have attempted ... to convey
ally favorable. Railroads and capital are the something of the feel’ and smell of Africa as
great requirements for the development of the it appeared to me on hot and hilly roads, on
land. If his advice, “Concentrate upon Uganda!" winding waterways, and on cloud-girt mountain-
|
is followed, it will be necessary to connect the sides. The book contains no tales of thrilling
two great lakes, Victoria and Nyanza, by rail, adventures and hairbreadth escapes, nor are there
and to advance in a similar way to the waters records of · bagged' elephants and lions.” Of
of the Nile. Mr. Churchill's journey afforded the “ sleeping sickness” in the Congo region
many interesting sights and stirring adventures. the author makes this observation : “ It is a
On one occasion he saw “an awe-inspiring lamentable fact, but one which cannot be gain-
procession of eleven elephants. On they came, said, that civilization must be held responsible
loafing along from foot to foot - two or three in no small degree for the spread of sleep-
-
· tuskers' of no great value, several large tusk- sickness during the last few years. In the old
less females, and two or three calves. On the days, when every tribe and almost every village
back of every elephant sat at least one beautiful was self-sufficient, and had no intercourse with
white egret, and sometimes three or four, about its neighbors except in the way of warfare, it
two feet high, who pecked at the tough hide-might very well happen that the disease became
I presume for very small game — or surveyed localized in a few districts, where its viru-
the scene with the consciousness of pomp.” At lence became diminished. Nowadays, with the
another time, at Murchisan Falls, he fired a shot opening-up of the country, the constant passage
at a crocodile with surprising results. “What of Europeans travelling from one district to
the result of the shot may have been, I do another, and the suppression of native warfare,
,
not know; for the crocodile gave one leap of it is becoming increasingly easy for natives to
mortal agony, or surprise, and disappeared in move beyond the limits of their own country,
the waters. But it was now my turn to be and by this means sleeping sickness is spread
astonished. The river at this distance from the from one end of the country to another.” We
falls was not broader than three hundred yards, do not recall any other writer who suggests that
and we could see the whole shore of the opposite this dreaded disease is contagious or infectious.
bank quite plainly. It had hitherto appeared The author speaks ill of the government of much
to be a long brown line of mud, on which the of Central Africa and well of the Belgic govern-
sun shone dully. At the shot, the whole of this ment of the Congo. Few books of travel have
bank of the river, over the extent of at least a more delightful and instructive photographic
quarter of a mile, sprang into hideous life. ... reproductions than this volume.
It could be no exaggeration to say that at least The Heart of Central Africa " is mainly an
a thousand of the creatures had been disturbed account of a journey made in 1907, by Mr.
at a single shot.” Fancy the commotion among John M. Springer and his wife, missionaries of
these unsuspecting saurians when Mr. Roosevelt the Methodist Episcopal Church, across Africa
gets them within range!
from Umtali on the East Coast to St. Paul de
Mr. A. F. R. Wollaston, one of five men Loanda on the West Coast. Missionaries as a
who made a trip into the Ruwenzori region of rule are an intelligent class of persons who
Central Africa in behalf of the Natural History derive their information at first hand during a
department of the British Museum, recounts the long residence in the land they describe. Very
story of the expedition in his book entitled naturally, their view is that of the forward-
“ From Ruwenzori to the Congo." In spite of looking hope to one divine event — the conver-
-
its being the work of a naturalist, it gives us, sion of the benighted native ; but too often their
with some impressions of the scenery and ac- views are befogged by the hope. Such, however,
counts of native customs, much about the “ big is not Mr. Springer's case. His journey taught
game" sights. Mr. Wollaston's own words set him that the mineral wealth of Central Africa
us right about the aim of his book and the and the missionary opportunity are closely
impressions which he brought from Africa. related. When the railroads connect the
“ Africa is a beast, it is true, but a beast of many Southern and the Northern Coasts, and the
and varied moods, often disagreeable and some- Eastern and Western lands are linked, the great
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mineral wealth will be opened to the world — a are excellent and illuminating. Minor adjec-
wealth that may prove equal to, if not eclipse, tives of praise, too, may be applied to Mrs.
that of Johannesburg. Such an event will make Peck's story of her nine months' tour through
strategic centre for evangelistic activities.” Egypt, India, Burma, Ceylon, Java, Siam,
When these railroads are built, the fight with China, Japan, Manchuria, and Korea.
The
the traders, “those unprincipled convicts and account of her journey one of the established
their class who have dealt in slaves, and rubber, 6. Round the World ” tours recounts nothing
and rum,” and who have sent “ their emissaries new, but it is enlivened at times by the personal
throughout the country disseminating the most observations of the author. Her remarks on the
atrocious lies,” will have to seek new pastures condition of womankind in the Orient testify
or new wilds. Mr. Springer's account of the sufficiently that Mrs. Peck has a keen interest
mineral resources of this rapidly developing in whatever affects woman. The work can
continent, of the railroad problems, and of the hardly be called an illuminated guide-book,
missionary efforts, makes an entertaining and though it records her journey in the form of an
instructive addition to our knowledge of the now itinerary of her daily experiences, recounted in
no longer Dark Continent.
letters home to her daughter. The reader will
“ This is a most irritating book to read will not find an excess of detail nor a burden of
so Major F. G. Guggisberg affirms of the book historical facts, but he will find enough of both
entitled “ We Two in West Africa," written by to appreciate Mrs. Peck's progress. Above all,
himself and his wife, Decima Moore. The he will take delight in the numerous well-made
Major, as an old inhabitant of the Gold Coast, photographic reproductions.
and his wife, a new-comer who saw the novelty Dr.T.L.Pennell, whose book entitled “ Among
of things, were both determined to write down the Wild Tribes of the Afghan Frontier” is com-
their separate impressions. A compromise was mended in an introduction by no less an authority
reached, so that, as he says, “ Throughout the
Throughout the than Lord Roberts, was for sixteen years a med-
book
my
wife talks I write." The result is ical missionary, in charge of a medical station at
not unpleasing to the reader, and is satisfactory, Bannu, on the Northwest Frontier of India. Dr.
we trust, to the authors. Quite naturally, a Pennell has, indeed, made an unusually inter-
part of the volume is devoted to the ever- esting and intelligent book. Whatever theme
captivating subject of gold; but in these days he may write about, be it the Afghan character,
of modern machinery and the systematic work- | Afghan traditions, a Frontier valley, a missionary
ing of the mines, the old romantic flavor and trip, an Afghan football team, Afghan women,
the thrilling experiences of the early adventurers the faqirs, or his special theme the medical mis-
have gone their unromantic way. But Africa sions, he writes with such vivid force that the
is still an abiding place of the curious and the reader does not tire of his minuteness of partic-
unusual. These are the things which apparently ulars and details. His long experience and his
most interested the Major's determined wife, acute observations again prove that missionaries
and which make up a large part of the book. who turn their hand to serious composition have
A distinctive feature lies in the recounting of a decided advantage in setting forth the pecu-
the native folk-lore in the vernacular. Readers liar customs and the marked characteristics of
of folk-lore will find a striking resemblance a little-known people. Those parts of the book
between these Gold Coast tales and our own dealing with the native superstitions and tra-
Southern folk-tales. It would be unjust to the ditions and customs are the most interesting to
authors of this book to compare it with Miss the lay reader. Dr. Pennell cites some inter-
Kingsley's “ West African Studies,” but it has esting cases as showing the power of charms
enough merit of its own — though of a very over the untutored Afghans, - although he
,
personal kind — to commend it as a worthy does not comment on its relation to the modern
addition to our well-filled shelf of books on civilized notion of the mind cure.
66 On more
Africa.
than one occasion," he writes, “I have found
Few travel-books are more attractive in their my prescriptions made up into charms, the
make-up than the volume entitled “ Travels in patient believing that this would be more effi-
the Far East.” The author, Mrs. Ellen M. H. cacious than drinking the hospital medicines ;
Peck, of Milwaukee, who is also the publisher in fact, one patient assured me that he had
of the book, has apparently expended more never suffered from rheumatism, to which he
money than most authors who publish their own had previously been subject, after he had tied
works. Cover, type, paper, and illustrations | round his arm a prescription in which I had


1909.]
367
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ordered him some salicylate of soda, although learned since their day. Miss Rose Kingsley
he had never touched the drug." It is no won- offers her tribute to the flower whose name she
der that the Mullahs and faqirs grow rich in bears, from the point of view of one bred in an
selling charms! This readable and instructive old garden, bri
old garden, bringing to her task
work deserves a place with other books on
“ Love far brought
Afghanistan, notably those by Paget and Mason,
From out the storied past,"
Holdich, Oliver, Warburton, Elsmie, and Ham- and fostered by the beloved master of Eversley
ilton; and it will bear comparison with any of Rectory to whose old rose-book she makes a
those named.
tender reference. She makes no claim to nov-
After reading Major Percy E. Henderson's elty for what she has to say; but although the
book, “ A British Officer in the Balkans," with nomenclature of English and American rosa-
the sub-title “ The Account of a Journey through rians is not always the same, she has written a
Dalmatia, Montenegro, Turkey in Austria,
in Austria, book which ought to be equally helpful on both
Magyarland, Bosnia, and Hercegovina,” one is sides of the Atlantic. She is particularly to
astonished to find that nothing is said of war or be thanked for her devotion to old-fashioned
rumors of war. Surely His Majesty's Officer, roses, and gives pleasant assurance that the roses
“late of the Indian Army," has left the fields of Tudor days are not quite lost. She claims
of conflict for the tea-table! Nevertheless, our acquaintance with Shakespeare's musk-rose,
astonishment does not end in disappointment, which has sometimes been declared to be no
for it is decidedly pleasant to know that these longer absolutely identifiable. The color plates
lands have other attractions than tribal feuds in this book are exceptionally accurate and
and international complications. Readers who beautiful.
are interested in the trouble-breeding Balkans Those of us who have marvelled at the vast
must look to other books, and to the news- stores of experience from which Miss Gertrude
papers; Major Henderson's work will not Jeykll has written the long list of garden-books
appeal to them. But those who are more con- that stand very much to her credit will find
cerned with the domestic manners and the every pleasure and illumination in her latest work,
day life of the people in pleasure and business, - Children and Gardens.” In the pages which
will find the book replete with stories, incidents, make us long for a second youth, she describes
and customs of a people who are now—unhap- her own childhood, frankly placing the date of
pily — very prominent in the public eye. those happy years so far in the past as to allow
H. E. COBLENTZ. more time than we had suspected for the accu-
mulation of the wisdom she has shared so freely
with her readers. No better book
good, indeed — could be placed in the hands of
THROUGH GARDEN PATHS,*
the children to whom the gardens of the future
Emerson tells us that the rose speaks all
must look for care and preservation. The
languages, — which is a rather fortunate cir- directions for beginners are clear and practical,
cumstance, since all languages have been pressed the enthusiasm is infectious, and the pictures
into service in praise of this queenly Aower. It
are altogether charming. The chapter on
would be interesting to see all that has been
" Pussies in the Garden" is full of humor, and
written about the rose collected in one alcove in
the pen-and-ink “elevations” and “ plans of
some great library, where living members of its Pinkie and the kittens are quite without rivals
cult might gather on bright mornings to read
in contemporary art.
its open secrets and study its esoteric mysteries,
We note with sincere regret that there are
and where ghosts of dead rosarians might come
but two hundred and thirty-one pages in Mr.
Davidson's admirable volume on
on moonlight nights to find what had been
“ Gardens,
Past and Present." It is so evident that the
ROSES AND ROSE-GROWING. By Rose G. Kingsley.
writer has not spent half of his knowledge in
CHILDREN AND GARDENS. By Gertrude Jeykll. New York: his chapters on the beginnings of English gar-
dens — of old physic, and botanic gardens, and
GARDENS, PAST AND PRESENT. By K.J. Davidson. New York:
Charles Scribner's Sons.
of the wonderful Wisley garden, which form
A SUMMER GARDEN OF PLEASURE. By Mrs. Stephen Batson.
Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co.
the first part of the book. The second part is
A LITTLE MARYLAND GARDEN. By Helen Ashe Hays. New
devoted to sensible and stimulating chapters on
various forms of gardening - formal gardens,
The HOME GARDEN. By Eben E. Rexford, Philadelphia:
J. B. Lippincott Co.
rose gardens, water gardens, herb gardens, rock
none so
>
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New
York: The Macmillan Co.
Charles Scribner's Sons.
York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.


368
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gardens, bulb gardens, bog gardens, and wall foundation of this helpful book. The chapters
gardens. The last chapter — which is the best on exposures, soils, fertilizers, and drainage, are
of all, as last chapters ought to be — called particularly valuable. The appetite is whetted
“ The Opportunities of the Year,” goes far to by the author's chapters in praise of vegetables,
make credible the words of the old song, and the day for the coming of the delicious
“ December's as pleasant as May,”
summer fruits seems long delayed when one
since it gives quite as alluring a picture of winter reads his description of this or that variety.
shrubbery as it does of a midsummer brook.
SARA ANDREW SHAFER.
In “A Summer Garden of Pleasure," notice
is taken of earliest spring and latest autumn
flowers only in the most casual way - its author
RECENT FICTION.*
meaning real summer when she says summer.
Mrs. Batson has set for herself the task of
Among the younger English novelists there are
advising those who do not care for long bars of
none more promising than Mr. J. C. Snaith and Mr.
John Galsworthy,
Both of these men have already
rest in the bright harmony of garden music, and
has given sound counsel as to the attainment
of given evidence of exceptional quality and of the
possession of marked individuality, and both are
this end. Her chapters are invitingly christened
distinctly strengthening their grasp upon life and
“Incoming Summer," " High Summer,” “ The growing in expressive power. Mr. Snaith, in parti-
Rout of August," and so on, with special dis- ticular, has a way of surprising his readers by unex-
cussions on the plants to which the garden must pected turns and developments. His four novels —
chiefly look for help-iris, peonies, lilies, and the
“Broke of Covenden," "Henry Northcote," " William
"
like. We can but sigh over the immense climatic Jordan, Junior,” and “Araminta,” the new one
advantages which England has over us, which
are hard to reduce to a single formula, except under
are indicated in the text and emphasized in the
some such abstract terms as startling originality and
thirty-one full-page illustrations in color after
penetrative insight, and it is not easy to think of
drawings by Osman Pittman. These trans-
them as proceeding from the same hand. The deli-
cious comedy of manners which he has christened
cripts of the loveliness of the rich and mellow
“Araminta ” is about the last sort of thing we should
English gardens give the greatest possible value have expected to follow “ William Jordan, Junior,”
to this thoroughly delightful book.
with its rarefied idealism. Here we have a story
In reading Miss Helen Ashe Hays's pretty which is on the surface merely whimsical, a sort of
volume entitled “ A Little Maryland Garden,” literary frolic, and yet a story which leaves us with
it is a bit disappointing to find that the garden clean-cut impressions of at least six people, eccentric
she describes is a new one, made by a trans-
or affected, it may be, but undeniably real. The
planted Californian, with many backward long-
book has some degree of kinship with the later novels
ings for the luxuriant growth of the Far West;
of Mr. Locke, and even more with Mr. Hewlett's
“ Halfway House,” but it is by no means an imitation
whereas we had been led by the title to look for
of anything. Its heroine is the daughter of a poor
an embodiment of some of the countless charms
country parson, adopted and brought to London (on
that distinguish the ripe old gardens of Mary- a chance) by her aunt, the Countess of Crewkerne,
land. The book is cleverly written and attrac- who is a most delightfully selfish and wicked and
tively illustrated, and gives many a bit of malicious and worldly old woman. When the girl
garden-lore and many helpful words in advocacy appears, it is with this phrase of self-introduction,
of the culture of our native flowers. It would • My name is Araminta, but they call me Goose
have been truer to type had it given us pictures because I am rather a Sil-lay." We may as well
of the gardens, generations old, that adorn the say at once that she lives up to the description, for
river farming communities, the mountain vil- * ARAMINTA. By J.C. Snaith. New York: Moffat, Yard & Co.
lages, the old inland towns, the older colonial
FRATERNITY. By John Galsworthy. New York: G. P. Put-
cities, and make the region veritably " the garden
By H. H. Bashford. New York:
Henry Holt & Co.
spot of America."
From flower gardens to vegetable gardens is THE INNER SHRINE. A Novel of To-day. New York: Harper
not a difficult transition, especially when it is
“ The Home Garden” that is treated, and by so Scribner's Sons.
capable a writer as Mr. Eben E. Rexford, whose
A KING IN KHAKI. By Henry Kitchell Webster. New York:
D. Appleton & Co.
newspaper and magazine articles on practical THE GIRL AND THE BILL. By Bannister Merwin. New York:
Dodd, Mead & Co.
gardening have made him an authority for THE STORY OF THYRZA. By Alice Brown.
many years. Good sense, and long experience Houghton Mimin Co.
Mifflin
WALLACE RHODES. A Novel By Norah Davis. New York:
both in gardening and in writing, lie at the Harper & Brothers.
nam's Sons.
THE PILGRIMS' MARCH.
SYRINX. By Lawrence North. New York: Duffield & Co.
& Brothers.
THE CHIPPENDALES. By Robert Grant. New York: Charles
Boston: The


1909.]
369
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she has not an idea in her head, and is incapable of found in the home of wealth and refinement or in
acquiring one. Pretty frocks and good things to eat the tenement, is less a matter of description than of
are the highest objects of her ambition, and innocent suggestion, and suggestion of so quiet and subtle a
wonder is a fairly complete description of her out- sort that its force is felt in our after-thought rather
look upon society. But she is a beauty, and, what than at the moment of its introduction. The bur-
is more, the living image of her grandmother, whose den of suffering humanity weighs heavily upon the
portrait by Gainsborough is among the furnishings of writer's soul, and he has in a remarkable degree the
her new home. Her romance, if such we may call it, power of making others share it. The sum total of
is provided by the interest she excites in two elderly the effect is depressing beyond words, and in this
gentlemen who become rival aspirants for her hand, we find the defect of Mr. Galsworthy's method.
and in the handsome young artist (her childhood For life is not in reality of the monotonous drab
friend) who paints her portrait
, falls in love with that it seems to him, not even in the slums. The
her, nobly resigns her to her wealthy and aristocratic larger humanity of a Dickens - or, taking a modern
a
claimant, and finally receives her back from him in instance, of a De Morgan -- can find elements of
the most surprising fashion. A Goose she remains cheer, and even of joyousness, in the most sordid
from first to last, a Featherbrain as she is alterna- shapes that life assumes. The author who obsti-
tively styled,—and a Gainsborough portrait come to nately refuses to see aught but wretchedness misses
life, but she is more charming than most heroines of the highest artistic mark, and impedes the growth
fiction, and the artist is clearly to be envied when of the very sympathy that he seeks to stimulate.
he wins her. As for the Countess, she becomes in Mr. Galsworthy's books are not without a gleam of
Mr. Snaith's hands a veritable triumph of character- idealism, but it is a gleam too remote and wavering
ization, and almost as much may be said of Lord to save them from the legitimate accusation of
Cheriton, a survival from the age of dandies, whose pessimism. He should take a lesson from Ibsen,
unexpected generosity bestows both fortune and hap- who diagnosed the diseases of modern society with
piness upon the artist.
a skill even more unerring, but whose faith in their
Mr. Galsworthy's new novel is a much more ultimate cure shone steadfast throughout his work.
serious affair than “ Araminta.” It is simply en- “The Pilgrims' March,” by Mr. H. H. Bashford,
titled “Fraternity," and, knowing something of the is the story of an ingenuous youth of artistic endow-
author's methods and of the intensity of his social ment, forced by his father's untimely death to cut
sympathies, we may discern a grim irony in that short his education, and go into the tea business.
word. For fraternity, in any real sense, is far from His employer, a relative, takes the boy into his
being the social ideal of any of the vital figures that household, which is dominated by a spirit of intol-
appear in the narrative; its sole spokesman is the erant religiosity. Its members are all more or less
gentle but half-crazed philosopher who is writing a devoted to lay preaching, missionary enterprise, and
book on “Human Brotherhood," of which passages prayer-meetings, and have all the pet aversions of
”
are given us from time to time to serve as a sort their kind, regarding with suspicion practically all
of Greek chorus. Here also is a master-stroke of forms of innocent recreation. They are kindly
irony, for this old man is the most futile of all Mr. people, perfectly sincere in their prejudices, and the
,
Galsworthy's futile characters. The others are in author describes their narrow ways of living without
various degrees such human beings as we imagine a trace of satire. The boy, being impressionable
to be normal, creatures of wont and environment, and easily stirred to emotion, yields to their influ-
shaped in distinct moulds, sharply individual, with ence, "experiences religion," and is taken into the
only the dimmest recognition of the solidarity of fold with rejoicing. But as he comes to a more
mankind. There are two groups of people in this complete self-realization, and the claims of art grow
tale, one comfortable and well-to-do, respectable and more insistent, he frees himself, although not with-
decorous in outward bearing, the other sunk in the out a struggle, from the prison-house. Emancipa-
degradation that comes from mean surroundings and tion has its dangers for him, however, and the
hopeless poverty. Both are objects of pity to the newly-acquired freedom almost becomes his moral
author, the former perhaps more so than the latter,undoing. His steps lead him to the very brink of
if we may judge from his mordant comment upon folly, but he pulls himself up just in time to save
the emptiness of their life, with its cowardly evasion himself from disaster. The psychological interest
of moral responsibility. These two groups become of this conflict between warring impulses is consid-
curiously interrelated in the course of the story, and erable, and constitutes the essential feature of what
its nexus is supplied by a random saying of the is, aside from that, a genial and warm-hearted study
philosopher whose dream of human brotherhood of life. The exposition is not altogether lucid, and
has rapt him from the sphere of practical thought. the sentimental outcome is abrupt and rather puz-
“Each of us has a shadow in those places — in zling; but one closes the book with genuine regret
those streets.” In this saying is the very pattern at parting from the agreeable company of people
of Mr. Galsworthy's deeply-moving book. He has who occupy its pages.
the true method of the artist, and knows how much Mr. Lawrence North seems to be a new-comer
more effective is reticence than demonstrative emo- among our fiction-makers, and his “Syrinx” is a
tion. His picture of human misery, whether it be novel that we have read with lively interest. It is


370
[June 1,
THE DIAL
concerned with the doings of a group of irresponsi- that he was slain by his opponent, although the fact
ble beings who call themselves“ the polite outcasts," of his suicide is a matter of official record. The
who hold all that is conventional to be vieux jeu, and heroine, who has led a gay and irresponsible life in
who affect the eccentric and paradoxical in conversa- Paris, playing recklessly with the hearts of men,
tion and demeanor. The leading spirit among them becomes suddenly sobered by the double loss of
is a précieuse known as Aspasia, although she has a husband and fortune, and comes to America to earn
real name of the ordinary wholesome sort. When her living and enter upon a new life. From this
she first appears it is in the country, and she is time on, we are expected to see in her a model of
quoting Sappho in the original), being caught in self-sacrificing devotion, a high-minded woman of
the act by a wandering scholar who chances to the noblest type, and a worthy mate for the New
come that way in his motor-car. What he sees is York aristocrat who seeks through many chapters
described as “ a form very supple and so flowing in to make her his wife. This is a little difficult, con-
its lines as to disguise its real voluptuousness, a face sidering her past, which was certainly one of folly
of perverse attractiveness, very perfect save the and indiscretion; and it is at least poetic justice that
mouth, which bespoke over-much emotionalism.” her past should arise to confront her and wellnigh
Although a staid and mature scholar, whose ideas shatter her new hopes. That past is personified in
“the Germans revered and wrangled over,” he suc- the Frenchman who had been the indirect cause of
cumbs to the charm of the apparition, and the pair her husband's suicide. He had slandered her in the
are soon speeding toward London in the car. The Parisian days, and now, two years afterwards, he
young woman is also a scholar, who earns her living appears upon the scene in New York, and his
by doing hack-work at the British Museum for a curious code of honor forbids him to make honor-
famous philologist, and who, in her conversation, able reparation by confessing that he had lied.
“fenced lightly with Procopius, Apuleius, Philos- He is brought to such confession in the end, but we
tratus, de Brantôme, Casanova, certain works of are given to understand that suicide is his only
Mendès, Mirbeau, Pierre Louys, and even the mys- recourse after such a humiliation. Thus must he
terious volume of the Arab Sheikh Nefzaoui.” After atone, be it observed, not for his earlier infamy, but
this statement, we are quite prepared to believe that for the later weakness of failing to maintain the false
“ her knowledge was as surprising as it was shame- hood that has all but ruined the woman's life. And
less." The acquaintance thus begun ripens into because he at last does what the merest decency
intimacy, and has the natural consequence as far as would dictate, we are supposed to admire his moral
the man is concerned. But he has numerous rivals, heroism and deplore his untimely taking-off. The
among them the sculptor who models his Syrinx mystery of the title given to this novel is not revealed
upon Aspasia's beautiful lines, and in the end å still until the close, and is found to involve another subtle
more elderly scholar carries her off in triumph. It point of honor, this time on the part of the woman.
is a sparkling tale, perfectly fantastic, diabolically She has come to care for her American suitor, but
,
clever, ornamented with descriptions that remind upon the numerous occasions when he implores her
one of “Ouida” in her most opulent verbal moods, to become his wife his plea is firmly denied. It
and with dialogue that recalls “The Green Carna- turns out that this is because he has neglected to
tion.” Although the hero discovers that pursuit of enforce his pleadings by the conventional “I love
a polite outcast brings bitterness in the end, he also you ” formula. He has stated the fact in indirect
learns that the zest of the game almost compensates ways that place the matter beyond doubt, but he has
for the final defeat.
not used the incantation. As soon as the magic
“ The Inner Shrine ” is an anonymous novel that phrase escapes his lips, the marble statue becomes
has attracted considerable attention during the the woman of flesh and blood. “There's only one
course of its serial publication, and occasioned key that unlocks the inner shrine of all — the word
numerous conjectures concerning its authorship. It you've just spoken. A woman knows nothing till
is certainly a striking novel, although highly arti- she hears it.” And thus the mystification ends, to
ficial and even tricky. Its chief merits are clever. the satisfaction of all parties concerned except the
ness of invention and dramatic effectiveness; its reader, who is left with a feeling that the mountain
defects are found in its unconvincing characteriza- has brought forth a ridiculous mouse.
tions and its failure to make certain important If Mr. James had not already preěmpted "The
features of the action seem plausible. We cannot Bostonians ” for a title, Mr. Robert Grant might
accept even the leading figures as self-consistent have had it for his new novel. It would have been
personalities, and the others are hardly more than an adequate title, and the novel would have been
dummies. Directness of speech and a somewhat seen to live up to it. As it is, “The Chippendales"
mystifying subtlety of feeling are the characteristics must serve, leaving the reader slowly to discover
of the conversational interchange which constitutes that he is being called upon to do much more than
the substance of the story. The heroine is a young follow the fortunes of a particular family, that he is
Frenchwoman whose American husband squanders presented with a social document of rich and signifi-
a fortune, and then takes his own life in a pretended cant content, that, in short, he has before him an
duel. One of the numerous improbabilities we are analysis, more minute and penetrating than has
required to accept is the widow's continuing belief been previously made in a single volume, of the
9)


1909.]
371
THE DIAL
a
a
a
Boston which is a state of mind rather than the physical, Blaisdell is in no sense a gross offender;
Boston which is a dot on the map of Massachusetts. he is simply common, callous, unimaginative, yet at
Over-elaboration of detail will doubtless be charged the same time amazingly successful in the world
against the writer, for he has filled no less than six of practical affairs. He is the very type of the
hundred pages with the sayings and doings of a few "leading citizen,” everywhere conspicuous in the
Bostonians during the last two decades of the last public eye, associated with good works if they are
century; but the very minuteness and inclusiveness good also for advertising purposes, a pattern of the
of his observation become in the end impressive on domestic virtues, a pillar of church and state, and
their own account, and do not obscure the broader the despair of every civilization which has not gone
lines in the plan of the picture. The Boston of wholly over to philistinism. Judge Grant's success
which Judge Grant writes is the Boston of transition, in this case is no less marked than in the cases of
when the old standards of conduct and thought felt his hero and his heroine. Those who read fiction
the corroding influence of materialism, when wealth for entertainment alone will not find their affair in
became potent and arrogant, when ideals that had “The Chippendales," and we doubt if the novel
once seemed excellent were relegated to the limbo of becomes a “best seller.” But we have no doubt
old-fogyism, and the survival of the fittest seemed to whatever that it is a contribution to our literature
mean the triumph of the blatant and the mean. It worth the attention of the thoughtful, and likely to
is essentially a tragedy, and the author has a deep be valued fifty years hence more highly than it will
sense of the seriousness of his theme, although he be valued to-day.
treats it with good humor, and in the spirit of gently Mr. Henry Kitchell Webster has a crisp method
satiric comedy. We might almost call the book an of story-telling that is very fetching in a writer who
allegory of the new England conscience, for, despite aims at nothing more than entertainment. He
the firm and vital handling of the individuals whose wastes no words in getting at the heart of a situa-
interwoven fortunes provide the plot, that abstrac- tion, and he takes care that his plots shall not be too
tion is visioned for us from first to last, and we find complicated for lucidity. His scheme is evidently
no element of personal interest quite so strong as the prepared in advance, and worked out with logical
interest which we take in the outcome of the conflict progression. “A King in Khaki” is a case in point.
between that severe ideal and the lax easy-going It is the plain and vivid account of the successful
ideals that beset it upon every hand. At first, the management of a tropical plantation on an island
author seems inclined to make fun of the New somewhere in the West Indies. The manager,
who
England conscience, and we are a little worried lest is the “King” of the island, has brought the enter-
his satirical bent have too free a rein. Henry prise to prosperity, and sends a glowing report of
Sumner, who is that conscience incarnate, is far its success to the directory in New York. But this,
from being a gracious hero of fiction at best, and it seems, is not what is wanted, for a financial pirate
in our early acquaintance with him, he seems prig- is in control at headquarters, who has devised a plan
gish and a bit morbid in his development of self- for making the stock seem worthless until the orig-
consciousness. But there is steel in his character, inal subscribers shall have been frozen out. He
and in the end he comes to command our almost comes to the island, offers the manager a choice
unqualified admiration. The real vision of his between corrupt connivance with the plan and sum-
strength is given us, not so much in the incidents of mary dismissal, and finds that he has a determined
in the causes which he champions, in the antagonist to deal with instead of a willing tool.
principles which regulate his conduct, as in his con- The manager hits upon the beautiful plan of holding
quest of Priscilla Avery, who derides him, inflicts the magnate in captivity, and going to New York
wanton cruelties upon his sensitive nature, sometimes himself to publish the facts and protect the stock-
dislikes him in reality, and sometimes affects to dis- holders. The plan develops some unexpected fea-
like him, yet is finally, by virtue of her own share tures, resulting from the fact that the magnate is
in that inheritance of conscience which she cannot accompanied by his daughter, with whom the
hold lightly if she will, constrained to find in him, “King” promptly falls in love. But it works out to
not only an ally, but also an accepted lover. In this the right conclusion, leaving no very hard feelings
the most successfully-conceived of his heroines, the on either side. Incidentally, the buried treasure of
author has given us one of the finest studies of “Calico Jack,” a pirate of the older fashion who
character-development to be found in American had once made the island his retreat, is unearthed,
fiction. Having spoken of hero and heroine, the and provides the means whereby our hero indirectly
villain of the piece also calls for a word of comment. accomplishes his purpose.
All three of these terms smack of melodrama, and Mr. Bannister Merwin, formerly associated with
we would gladly avoid them were others available ; Mr. Webster in sundry romantic inventions, also has
as it is, these must function. Our “villain," then, a new story of his very own. It is called “The
in the sense of being the embodiment of the evil Girl and the Bill,” and is a breathless tale of the
influences that are at work to make Boston even exciting things that happened to Robert Orme of
as another city (or state of mind), is named Hugh New York during a two days' sojourn in Chicago.
Blaisdell, and is delineated with truly admirable art. In the first chapter, he sees a girl in an automobile,
Since the issues of this novel are moral and not and buys a new hat, receiving a five dollar bill in
his career,
9
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372
(June 1,
THE DIAL
his change. These seem simple enough incidents, principle. In the end, a sort of mellow sunshine
but they suffice to plunge him straightway into a falls upon Thyrza's life, when she marries, upon his
whirl of adventure. For the girl is the daughter of death-bed, the old friend who had guided her child-
the Secretary of State, and the bill has directions hood steps upon the pathway of knowledge, and
which reveal the hiding-place of a stolen document - who, knowing her story, has remained devoted to
the draft of a treaty between the United States and her through all the intervening years. She has kept
Germany which must be discovered and signed by the faith; she has not darkened the lives of those
midnight of the next day. Now it happens that nearest and dearest to her; she has paid in full her
Brazil and Japan are opposed to the making of this own debt to society; she has won, after a struggle
treaty, and their diplomatic representatives are on that we can but dimly apprehend, a sort of spiritual
the spot, prepared to hesitate at nothing. The two
peace. As the tragic issues of this simple story
days are crowded with lively incidents, including become more and more evident, the author keeps
hold-ups, abductions, the wild racing of motor cars, level with the height of her argument, and her
jiu-jitsu, a spirit-séance, a narrow escape from suffo- work grows increasingly impressive. The compli-
cation in a refrigerator, and such-like diversions. cation is one which might easily result in a false
But all the machinations of the allied villains come step, but the author's step remains assured from
to naught, and the two days are quite enough to first to last.
convince hero and heroine that they were made for The situation offered for our delectation in
one another. The treaty gets signed in the nick of “Wallace Rhodes,” a novel by Miss Norah Davis,
time, and its foes slink
away discomfited.
is not easy to describe in ordinary terms, and we
“ The Story of Thyrza” is a more significant will resort to a quasi-diagrammatic exposition. There
work than has hitherto come from the pen of Miss are four principal characters: A (a devoted father),
Alice Brown. It begins simply enough, among the B (his devoted son), C (a young woman more or less
New England folk whom Miss Brown knows so besmirched by slanderous tongues), and D (a second
well, and whose humors she has so deftly and sym- young woman who is a designing creature). When
pathetically characterized in times past. Thyrza is the story opens, B, who has narrowly escaped the
à child when we make her acquaintance, and the allurements of D, becomes engaged to C. This is
miniature comedies and tragedies of childhood make a horrid revelation to A, who thereupon resolves to
up the first half of her story. She is an engaging save the boy by alienating C's affections from him.
child, natural and convincing, seemingly fitted into B is sent away on business, and A improves the
her environment, but in reality set apart from her opportunity, succeeding only too well, for he per-
associates by a gift of originality which amounts
suades C to marry
him. B returns, and there is a
almost to genius. Her life, outwardly like that of stormy scene between father and son, ending in A's
other children, is fed from within upon springs of pledge to keep C for a year, and then relinquish her
which she alone has the secret. The dream-life of to B, if the latter so desires. As the year goes by,
romance which imagination shapes for her is sud- it is marked by the development of a genuine love
denly converted into the sternest of reality when a between A and C, while B, recovering from the blow,
village swain, a commonplace youth whom her fancy renews his allegiance to D. This releases A from
has idealized, betrays her innocent trust, and makes his pledge, but he has so supersensitive a conscience
her the mother of an illegitimate child. When she that he bestows the family estate upon B and D,
realizes the consequences of her misplaced confi- utterly ignoring C's wishes, although he is supposed
dence, she accepts them unflinchingly, refusing to to love her devotedly. Toward the end, B gets tired
B
compromise with society, or to conceal aught save of his engagment with D, and discovers that C is the
the identity of her betrayer. This despicable crea- real object of his affections. But the latter will have
ture, who marries her sister, lives in constant fear none of his philanderings, and remains faithful to A.
of exposure, little knowing the strength of resolu- B and C are then duly married, and, we trust, become
tion that binds her, for the sister's sake, to guard duly miserable. The scene of this preposterous story
the secret. Keeping her maiden name, she brings is a Southern plantation on the Mississippi River. It
up her child, supporting him by the severest toil, and is skilfully constructed, and shows not a little com-
has the satisfaction of seeing him through college, mand of novelistic technique. But no technical
and standing upon
the threshold of active life, a fine merits could make such a plot convincing, or awaken
example of manhood. The hardest of her trials much sympathy for any of the persons concerned.
comes when the son, to whom the vision of love has
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
been unveiled, implores her for the sake of his
happiness to assume the title of a married woman.
But even his plea cannot prevail over the resolution
It was a happy thought of Mr. Alfred Noyes
which has made her attitude toward life, not indeed
to compile an anthology of fairy poetry, and an even
one of defiance of the social law, but one of uncom-
happier thought to name it “ The Magic Casement.” A
charıningly fanciful introduction, in which the editor
promising acceptance of the full consequences of her unblushingly avows his belief in fairies, serves to whet
girlhood fault. Fortunately, the girl in question is the appetite for the feast that follows. Messrs. E. P.
broad-minded enough to demand no such sacrifice of Dutton & Co. are the publishers of this delightful book.
a
a
"


1909.]
373
THE DIAL
aristocracy and shipboard epicures, and has analyzed
VARIOUS BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING.
if not solved the intricate problems of the tip. He
To bring serious criticism to bear on
A volume of
has played with the children on board, for the same
piscatorial a collection of fish-stories would be reasons that induce other bored passengers to do so,
pleasantries.
as incongruous as to crack a walnut and has noted the discrepancy between the apparent
with a sledge-hammer. “Fish Stories, Alleged and and declared
ages of those whose years are but eleven
Experienced, with a Little History, Natural and - for reasons connected with half-fares. He has
Unnatural” (Holt) appears under the joint author- discovered why shipboard is the ideal place for
ship of Messrs. Charles Frederick Holder and David flirtations. He has listened to the noisy boasts of
Starr Jordan, in the “American Nature Series,” sub- the “ tinsel patriot,” accompanied the “hustler”
division - Diversions from Nature." As the table- while he collected talent for the ship's concert, and
talk of clergymen, in their moods of geniality, is often watched and meditated upon the subtle change that
of unexampled sprightliness, flashing with wit and
comes over some of the passengers when land and
seasoned with humor, so the piscatorial diversions of the custom-house approach. In general Mr. Dale
these two learned and authoritative ichthyologists, seems to believe that an ocean liner brings out, in a
as presented in book form, with
many illustrations, fashion all its own, the essential idiocy of humanity.
credible and incredible, make most entertaining Nevertheless, his book is very entertaining. It
reading for a sportsman's idle hours. Marvellous would be hard to find a more cheering companion
fish stories, from the Jonah-and-whale myth down- for the voyage than his cynical, picturesque sketches,
ward, are furnished in abundance, with a glance at with Mr. H. B. Martin's humorous drawings to give
some legendary and some historic anglers, including them added point.
Izaak Walton, and a sufficient account of that baf-
One could not ask for a more intel-
fling mystery, the sea-serpent. A chapter entitled A pleasant guide
“ The Annals of the Porch Club” relates a number
through by-wavs ligent or more agreeable guide to the
of Parisian life. historic nooks and corners of the
of really record-breaking fish stories and attains the
climax of absurdity. Other chapters, as that about
French capital than M. Georges Cains, curator of
« The Love Affairs of Blennies in the Kelp,” are of
the Musée Carnavalet, whose “ Walks in Paris ” the
serious, but not too serious, interest to the naturalist.
Messrs. Macmillan have lately published with many
In a chapter that bears internal evidence of being
illustrations depicting both the city of the past and
from President Jordan's pen, he assures the tender-
that of the present. M. Cains is writing primarily
hearted angler, perhaps with mild sarcasm, that the
for his Parisian contemporaries, who know the shops
angleworm has “no anatomy with which to feel
and the fashionable parks, cafés, and promenades,
pains,” that it is “perfectly at home on the hook,”
the streets where their friends or their dressmakers
and is really “ not quite comfortable anywhere else.” live, - quite as New Yorkers know New York, –
-
Yet the tendency of the worm to squirm off the
but who have no conception of the great soul of the
hook if impaled tail-first, and its evident unrelish of
city, nor even a respectable tourist-acquaintance with
the first prick, seem to tell another story. A foot-
its historical associations. But the American who
has visited Paris, or has lived there for a space, will
note to the first page, announcing that “the common
and scientific names of all fishes referred to in
be as interested as the Parisian in M. Cains's uncon-
this volume will be found in the Appendix " was
ventional wanderings. He begins with the Left
apparently added in sportive mood by the facetious
Bank, avoiding the hackneyed legend of the Pan-
théon to tell of Sufflot's tragic disappointment over
authors; for no Appendix is to be found, at least in
the copy under review.
it, of some of the pageant-like funeral marches of
which it has been the goal, and of some of the events,
As Mr. Alan ale, author of “The heroic or calamitous, that have been enacted under
chronicler of Great Wet Way" (Dodd, Mead & its shadow, at near-by St. Etienne-du-Mont, or in the
ocean voyages. Co.), has crossed the ocean some fifty narrow, dark, ill-smelling streets that wind precip-
times, complaint can hardly be made that he does itously down the hill to the river. The Passage du
not know his subject. But although he has come to Commerce is another centre, with many Revolu-
know it so well, he has not forgotten his first impres- tionary memories clustering about it. At Saint-
sions ; he is still amused by the stock incidents of Sulpice we are taken to hear the grand organ played
the voyage, and by the other passengers and their at High Mass, and around the corner to the home
familiar reactions upon each other, upon the ship's of the great composer Massenet. These walks reveal
company,
himself. He has these reactions strange contrasts, but far more tragic than happy
neatly classified, and, being therefore always pre- memories ; the light-hearted gaiety of present-day
pared for the worst, he enjoys to the full the absurd- Paris is built on a sombre enough foundation. But
ities and oddities of his fellow-voyagers, and finds a there are touches of comedy: Massenet's reminis-
humorous side even in such a calamity as the pos- cences of the musical Paris of his young days, the
session of three room-mates in a “large, airy” state- account of the old Restaurant Champeaux near the
room, in which the four occupants, all standing at Bourse, where one may buy déjéuner with the menu
the same time, “seemed like a dense crowd in the in one hand, and shares, with the latest list of stock
subway." He has pierced the deceits of shipboard quotations in the other; or the author's childish asso-
and
upon
A veteran


374
(June 1,
THE DIAL
a
a
ciations with the Jardin des Plantes, where his artist as the title suggests, is given not for general descrip-
father used to go to model the animals. M. Cains's tive
purposes,
but as the record of feathered visitants
conspicuous merit is his ability to keep off the paths actually seen in the Garden.
actually seen in the Garden. Several dainty pho-
beaten out by the guide-books; and wherever he togravures of rare trees in the Garden ornament the
conducts his readers he reveals new interests in book.
unlikely places.
Mr. F. G. Aflalo's book entitled
Fishing in
A woman's wit
More than one amateur farmer has California “ Sunset Playgrounds ” (Scribner)
and enterprise
and Canada.
found agriculture very pretty in
gives primarily the story of fishing
on the farm.
theory, but hard and unlovely in days, and others, in California and Canada. The
,
practice. Mrs. Kate V. St. Maur, in “The Earth's author, an Englishman, travelled his fifteen thousand
Bounty” (Macmillan), pleasantly relates her own miles with intent to catch a tuna in the waters
somewhat exceptional experience in farming for around Catalina Island, off San Pedro, California ;
pleasure, and incidentally for profit. Or the
hope but only to find that this great game-fish was not at
of profit may have been something more than a that time at home. Other fish, however, in a
subsidiary inducement to abandon city pavements measure satisfied his piscatorial desires sufficiently
and get back to nature and to mother earth. At to permit his eulogizing the island. At Trout Lake,
any rate, the working of a twelve-acre farm, which or Fish Lake, in the heart of the Long Lake Forest
was later much increased in size, evidently proved Reserve, between the Coast Range and the Selkirks,
profitable, and the narrative leaves the impression the writer found his best fishing in Canada. No
that the enterprise had also all the charm of novelty. reservations need be made in lauding Mr. Aflalo as
Not only cattle and crops were raised, but violets a thorough-going, sportsmanlike fisherman. He
were cultivated for the winter market, a flock of delights in light tackle and a small catch, and glories
Angora goats was made to yield handsome returns, in the environment of natural beauty of forest and
quail were produced for the home table and for the stream. After the memories of Tabor and Catalina
market, and various other enterprises were lucra- in the States, and Trout Lake in Canada, the author
tively handled by the writer and her corps of assist- is led to say that “the fishing at home, which of
ants. A literary husband, with a tendency to yore gave such keen delight, seems tame," and that
excessive application when the fine frenzy of author-
his travels in two such lands gave
him
some of the
ship was upon him, yielded to his wife's seductive most sensational fishing in a fishful life.”
arts and occasionally lent a hand in the less gross
and prosaic forms of rural toil. The whole story
has a satisfying effect of verity, and nearly all the
BRIEFER MENTION,
advice to the reader is based on personal experience,
though some general principles of forestry have been
The increasing popularity of the Canadian Rockies
as a pleasure-ground makes timely the third edition of
repeated from authorities. The illustrations are
Mr. Walter Dwight Wilcox's “Camping in the Canadian
many and good, and the print excellent. An index
Rockies" (Putnam). The new edition, which has been
would have been useful.
largely rewritten and the illustrations for which have
Mr. Bradford Torrey, in his In-
been increased by half, is entitled “The Rockies of
Canada." It is a large octavo volume, with the finest
in a public park. troductory Note to Mr. Wright's
of photogravure plates to enlist the reader's interest in
“ Birds of the Boston Public Garden”
the wonderful scenery of the region described. Mr.
(Houghton), quotes the reply of a noted ornitholo- Wilcox was one of the pioneer pleasure-seekers to
gist to a bird-student who asked where to look for explore and photograph the country. His mountain-
a rare Warbler: “Go to Central Park, New York.” eering experiences now extend over twenty years, and
Central Park has many printed records of its birds,
his account of them, with the views, gives a compre-
and Chicago has its little volume on “Wild Birds in
hensive picture of the mountains and the mountain
City Parks.” It is time, therefore, that the beauti-
lakes, which constitute one of the rarest beauties of the
ful Boston Public Garden should have its catalogue
region.
of birds, and Mr. Wright has done wisely in pub-
The approaching Summer always brings a revival of
interest in wild flowers, and, by way of satisfying it, a
lishing in book form the results of his nine years of
new crop of popular manuals, each with its own partic-
observation there. The opening chapter tells when ular royal road to the quick and easy knowledge of
bird migrations occur, what species have appeared names and varieties. One of the latest is a “ Practical
each spring from 1900 to 1908, and gives lists of Guide to the Wild Flowers and Fruits,” by Dr. George
those observed on maximum days, which in the Lincoln Walton (Lippincott). It contains very brief
years named have fallen from May 12 to May 20. descriptions of four hundred flowers and over one hun-
Especially interesting are the records that show that
dred fruits. Its distinctive features are, first, the treat-
certain species of the migrants are likely to make
ment of flowers and fruits in the same volume, and,
stop-overs, staying from two to seven or even more
second, the charts, based on color for large groups, and,
for the smaller ones, on simple obvious distinctions of
days in places as well adapted to their tastes as the
leaf and flower arrangement and flower form. These
Garden. A list of one hundred and sixteen birds
which the author has observed in the nine years
charts are supplemented by a few colored illustrations
and a large number of small but clear and useful line-
forms the principal part of the compact volume, and drawings.
3


1909.)
375
THE DIAL
"
66
>
а
66
Arithmetic, Commercial and Industrial,” by Messrs.
NOTES.
John C. Stone and James F. Millis. Finally, Messrs.
George Eliot's “Scenes of Clerical Life" is a new Ginn & Co. have added « Readings in English History,"
volume in the “World's Classics,” published by Mr. by Professor Edward P. Cheyney, and a first volume of
Henry Frowde.
Readings in Modern European History,” by Professors
A volume containing three of Mr. John Galsworthy's
James H. Robinson and Charles A. Beard, to their
plays, Joy,” “Strife,” and “ The Silver Box," — is well-known series of source-books.
announced for immediate publication.
The death, a year or two ago, of Mr. Wendell
“ Macbeth” and “Romeo and Juliet,” both prettily Phillips Garrison, for forty years the editor of “The
illustrated, are now added to the “ Lamb Shakespeare Nation" of New York, following that of Mr. Godkin,
for the Young" by Messrs. Duffield & Co.
its famous political writer, is now followed by the sud-
“ Thaïs,” translated by Mr. Robert B. Douglas, is
den death of Mr. Hammond Lamont, who succeeded
the latest addition to the works of M. Anatole France
Mr. Garrison in the editorial conduct of the paper.
in English, as published by the John Lane Co.
Mr. Lamont was forty-five years of age; a graduate
A “ High School Course in Latin Composition,” by
of Harvard, and a journalist and educator of ability
Messrs. Charles McCoy Baker and Alexander James
and experience. He is succeeded by Mr. Paul Elmer
Inglis, is a recent publication of the Macmillan Co. Moore, the well-known essayist, and latterly a leading
writer for « The Nation."
Owing to a delay in importing the desired paper, the
Houghton Mifflin Co. have been obliged to postpone
“Class-Room Libraries for Public Schools,” now
until Autumn the publication of their Riverside Press
issued in its third edition by the Buffalo Public Library,
edition of Walton's "Compleat Angler."
is a pamphlet of 166 large, double-column pages, the
“ Under the Deodars” is the title of a volume of
contents of which show good judgment and admirable
reprinted stories, sixteen in number, by Mr. Rudyard
care in editing. There is first a graded list, for the nine
Kipling. It is a volume that includes many old favorites,
grades of the public school system, then an author and
and is published in their Pocket Edition of Kipling's
title index, next a subject index, after that a list of
Works, by Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co.
reference books, and, finally, a selection of books con-
A new impression of Roget's “The Sources of English
taining stories about children and poetry about children
Words and Phrases” is sent us by Messrs. Longmans,
(for the use of teachers and parents). The whole must
Green, & Co. This standard work, dating originally bring the public library into closer affiliation with the
prove useful to both pupils and instructors, and will
from the middle of the last century, preserves its use-
fulness remarkably well.
public schools.
The Essex Book and Print Club is a publishing society
It is announced that Mr. Maurice Hewlett has writ-
ten a continuation of his latest novel, “ The Halfway recently organized in historic old Salem (Mass.) for the
House.” Senhouse is the hero of the sequel, and “The
purpose of “reprinting rare volumes relating to the
history or the literature of Essex County, Massachusetts;
Open Road” is being considered for its title. The book
will be published early in the Fall.
the publication of suitable unprinted material; and the
reproduction of rare views, portraits and maps.” The
Leslie Stephen's “The Playground of Europe ” is
first volume issued is the Rev. Francis Higginson's
one of the classics of Alpine literature, and we are glad
“ New Englands Plantation ” together with « The Sea
to see it brought to the attention of a later generation in
Journal and Other Writings” of the same devoted
a new edition. It is published by the Messrs. Putnam in
“ Minister of the Plantation at Salem in the Massachu-
a style uniform with Stephen's other reprinted writings.
setts Bay Colony.” A facsimile of the first and a reprint
The Houghton Mifflin Co. have just completed the
of the enlarged third edition are given, besides the “Sea
publication of their Warwickshire edition of George Journal” and a few other short pieces relating to the
Eliot's works. It is complete in twenty-five volumes, settlement at Salem. The book is handsomely made,
finely illustrated in photogravure from photographs and at the Riverside Press, for members of the Club.
from drawings by leading English artists. The biog-
The following are the latest German text-books:
raphy by Cross is included in the edition.
“ Modern German Prose” (Holt), compiled by Pro-
A volume of “ English Prose, 1137–1890,” edited by fessor A. B. Nichols; Schiller's “ Die Jungfrau von
Professor John Matthews Manly, is published by Messrs.
Orleans ” (American Book Co.), edited by Dr. Warren
Ginn & Co. It is a companion volume to the “ English Washburn Florer; a “Brief German Grammar” (Ginn),
Poetry” of Messrs. Bronson, Dodge, and Manly, and is by Professor Roscoe J. Horn and Arthur N. Leonard;
intended to supply students with a considerable quantity and Emil Frommel's “ Mit Ränzel und Wanderstab”
of selected prose to be read in connection with the study (Heath), edited by Dr. Wilhelm Bernhardt. Some new
of English literature.
French texts are the following: Henri de Bornier's
Messrs. Sturgis & Walton publish an edition of “La Fille de Roland” (Heath), edited by Professor
Bulwer's “ The Lost Tales of Miletus." Just what C. A. Nelson; “Lectures et Conversations ” (Jenkins),
encouragement they have had for this venture, or what by MM. Dubois and De Geer; an abridgment of
readers they expect to reach, are unexplained matters, Gabriel Compayré’s “ Yvan Gall ” (Holt), edited by Pro-
for Bulwer the poet has become a negligible quantity in fessor O. B. Super; and “ Pensées et Réflexions de La
English literature, but here the book is, and one might Bruyère et Autres Auteurs Français” (Jenkins), com-
do worse than give an hour to its pages.
piled by Miss Cornelia Sisson Crowther. We also note
The American Book Co. send us Mr. William J. that Professor E. Lauvrière has edited Alfred de
Milne's “ Standard Algebra " and Dr. Alvin Davison's Vigny's Chatterton” (Frowde) for the “Oxford Higher
“ The Human Body and Health.” From Messrs. D. C. French Series,” and that to the “Classiques Français
Heath & Co. we have « The High School Word Book," (Putnam) have been added two charming volumes of
by Mr. R. L. Sandwick and Miss Anna T. Bacon. poetry, a selection from Boileau edited by M. Augustin
Messrs. B. H. Sanborn & Co. publish “ A Secondary Filon, and one from Hugo edited by M. L. Aguettant.


376
[June 1,
THE DIAL
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
June, 1909.
Actors, Passing of Great. W. P. Eaton. Munsey.
Air, Conquest of the. Count Zeppelin. Putnam.
Air, The: Our True Highway. F. P. Lahm. Putnam.
Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition. Review of Reviews.
American Architecture, Democracy in. Craftsman.
American Business Man, The. A. Barton Hepburn. Century.
American Holiday, An. William Orr. Atlantic.
American Men, Faults of. Anna H. Rogers. Atlantic.
American Millionaire, The. G. K. Chesterton. Hampton.
American Painters of Outdoors. G. Edgerton. Craftsman.
Americanizing Europe. E. A. Steiner. Review of Reviews.
Animal Mind, The. E. T. Brewster. McClure.
Architecture, History in. C. M. Price. Craftsman.
Argentina, The New. Paul S. Reinsch. World To-day.
Artist's Life, Story of -1. H.O. Tanner. World's Work.
Atterbury, Grosvenor, Theory of. Craftsman.
Augsburg, Romantic. R. H. Schaufiler. Century.
Baseball Games, Crises in. H. 8. Fullerton. American.
Benson, Frank W., Art of. Charles H. Caffin. Harper.
Biology, Teaching. Benj. C. Gruenberg. Atlantic.
Camp, A, for Business Men. W. Talbot. World's Work.
Casualty Insurance for all Needs. World's Work.
Child Laborer, Plea of. A. H. Ulm. North American.
Church and Education. Shailer Mathews. World To-day.
Church, the American, on Trial. I. H. C. Weir. Putnam.
City Efficiency, A New Force for. World's Work.
Cleveland and the Insurance Crisis. G. F. Parker. McClure.
College Pedagogy, Problem of. Abraham Flexner. Atlantic.
Competition in College. A. Lawrence Lowell. Atlantic.
Court, A, that Saves. Mackenzie Cleland. World's Work.
Cuba's Future. H. A. Austin. North American.
Cuba, Road-making in. I. A. Wright. World To-day.
Danube, The. Marie van Vorst. Harper.
Darwin Centenary, The. Benj. E. Smith. Century.
Detective Child, Conserving the. M. H. Carter. McClure.
Diamonds, The Two Largest. G. F. Kunz. Century.
Eames, Mme., to the Opera-going Public. Putnam.
“ Education,” Bankruptcy of. F. Burk. World's Work.
Education for Women, Higher. Mary K. Ford. Bookman.
English Supremacy: Isit Worth War? J.F. Carr. World's Work.
English, Wardour Street. Thos. R. Lounsbury. Harper.
Eugenics. W. I. Thomas. American.
Expert Evidence, Medical. A.T. Clearwater. North American.
“Finishing " Schools. Reginald W. Kaufman. Hampton.
Flying, What will Come After? G. P. Serviss. Munsey.
Forests, National, for Homes. J. L. Ellis. World To-day.
French School Days, My. Laura S. Portor. Atlantic.
Gambler's Chance, The, and the Penalty. World's Work.
Garden, My. Emery Pottle. Craftsman.
Garden, My Grandmother's. Mary M. Bray. Atlantic.
Geneva and Calvin. J. M. Vincent Review of Reviews.
Germany's Weak Point. A. R. Colquhoun. Nurth American.
Gibbon, Edward. James Ford Rhodes. Scribner.
Gounod's Villa. Isabel Floyd-Jones. Putnam.
Grenfell, Dr., in Labrador. Joseph B. Gilder. Century.
Grotesque, Growing Appreciation of, in America. Craftsman.
Hay, John: Making of a Diplomat. C. W. Moores. Putnam.
Hays, Willet M. M. C. Judd. Review of Reviews.
Health, The Way to. Irving Fisher. World's Work.
Henry, O. Harry P. Steger. World's Work.
Herrick, Robert, Novels of. W. D. Howells. North American.
Horemheb, Tomb of. A. E. P. Weigall. Century.
Income Needed for Marriage. T. N. Carver. Munsey.
Ingres, Portraiture of. Frank Fowler. Scribner.
Irrigation Congress, National. G. E. Barston. World To-day.
Labrador, Experiences on the. W. T. Grenfell. Century.
Lion, The Land of the -II. W. S. Rainsford. World's Work.
Man, Future of, in America. C. R. Van Hise. World's Work.
Manchester Ship Canal. J. P. Goode. World To-day.
Mary Queen of Scots and Bothwell. L. Orr. Munsey.
Mechanic, The American. G. W. Melville. North American.
Mexico, Finances of. Charles F. Speare. Review of Reviews.
Millionaire Business in America. M. Bacheller. Munsey.
Modernism and the New Catholicism. C. A. Briggs. No. Amer.
Napoleon's Death-Mask. S. Mays Ball. Putnam.
Needlowork Design, A. K. 8. Brinley. Craftsman.
Negro, The Unknowable. Harris Dickson. Hampton.
Nestorian Tablet, A, for New York. F. V. Holm. Putnam.
Newspaper, The Best, in America. C. H. Grasty. World's Work.
New York, Godlessness of. Ray S. Baker. American.
Novelist's Allegory, The. John Galsworthy. Atlantic,
Phrase-Maker, The. Anne C. E. Allinson. Atlantic.
Plant Hunter's Travels, A. Owen Wilson. World's Work.
Plaster House with Roof Garden. U. N. Hopkins. Craftsman.
Potter, Louis. M. Irwin MacDonald. Craftsman.
Poverty, Abolition of. J. Laurence Laughlin. Scribner.
Preparatory Schools, Boys'. World's Work.
Railroad Laws, Incongruous. 8. O. Dunn. World To-day.
Rhodes Scholars, Our, at Oxford. G.R. Parkin. No. American.
Rowand, Archibald H. W. G. Beymer. Harper.
Saint-Gaudens, Augustus, Reminiscences of. Century.
School, The Public, and the Home. Craftsman.
Seattle. R. A. Ballinger. Review of Reviews.
Shakespeare in the Holy Land. J.O. La Gorce. World To-day.
Sherman, General, Personal Letters of - III. Scribner.
Shipyard, The. Thornton Oakley. Harper.
Shoes and the Tariff, Ida M. Tarbell. American.
Socialism and Liberty. John Spargo. North American.
Socialism of G. Lowes Dickinson. Paul E. More. Atlantic.
Speaker, The Power of the. Joseph G. Cannon. Century.
Stamps, Mrs. Mary Humphreys. Grace King. Century.
Stevenson's Prayer-Book. Richard Burton. North American.
Strathcona, Lord. T. Robertson, Munsey.
Straus and Turkey's Crisis. L. E. Van Norman. Rev. of Revs.
Swinburne and the Swinburnians. H. T. Peck. Bookman.
Taft, President, and His Three Brothers. Munsey.
Taft, President, on Organized Labor. McClure.
Taft, President, Opportunity of. Wm. G. Brown. Century.
Tammany's Control of New York. G. K. Turner. McClure.
Time-Clock, The. Jonathan T. Lincoln. Atlantic.
Trees, Big, Saving the. F. Strother. World's Work.
Turkey, Land of Massacres. L. G. Leary. World To-day.
Turkey, Present-day. S. Tonjoroff. World To-day.
Turkish Village, A. H. G. Dwight. Scribner.
Turkish Women, Educating. Mrs. C. R. Miller. World To-day.
Venice, The Meaning of. Wm. Roscoe Thayer. Atlantic.
War of 1812, The. G. W. Wingate. North American.
Water, the Fuel of the Future. J. L. Mathews. Hampton.
Welles, Gideon, Diary of — V. Atlantic.
Whitman, Walt. Elizabeth L. Keller. Putnam.
Wickersham, Attorney-General. W. S. Bridgman. Munsey.
Wilderness, Battle of the -I. Morris Schaff. Atlantic.
Wilhelmina of Holland. T. Schwarz. Munsey.
Woman Problem, The-II. Quida. Lippincott.
Woman's Suffrage, Mr. Dooley on. F. P. Dunne. American.
Women of the Circus. Hugh C. Weir. Hampton.
Wood-Carving, Design in. K. von Rydingsvärd. Craftsman.
Yahgans, The. Charles W. Furlong. Harper.
Zuloaga, Ignacio. J. W. Pattison. World To-day.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 110 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
George Canning and His Friends : Containing Hitherto
Unpublished Letters, Jeux d'Esprit, etc. Edited by Josceline
Bagot. In two vols., with frontispieces in photogravure,
8vo. E. P. Dutton & Co. $9. net.
Haremlik: Some Pages from the Life of Turkish Women. By
Demetra Vaka. 12mo, pp. 275. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25 net.
The Love Affairs of Napoleon. Trans, from the French of
Joseph Turquan by J. Lewis May. Illus. in photogravure,
etc., 8vo, pp. 378. John Lane Co. $5. net.
Robert Y. Hayne and His Times. By Theodore D. Jervey.
Illus., 8vo, pp. 554. Macmillan Co. $3. net.
The Bancrofts : Recollections of Sixty Years. By Marie and
Squire Bancroft. Illus. in photogravure, etc., large 8vo,
pp. 462. E. P. Dutton & Co. $5. net.
Nadir Shah. By Sir Mortimer Durand. Illus, and with maps,
8vo, pp. 352. E. P. Dutton & Co. $3. net.
A Bishop in the Rough. Edited by Rev. D. Wallace Duthie;
with preface by the Lord Bishop of Norwich. Illus., 8vo,
pp. 386. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2. net.
The Apostle of Alaska: The Story of William Duncan of
Metlakahtla. By John W. Arctander, LL.D. Dllus., 8vo,
pp. 395. Fleming H. Revell Co. $1.50 net.
HISTORY.
The Wars of Religion in France, 1559-1576. By James West-
fall Thompson, Ph.D. Illus., large 8vo, pp. 635. University
of Chicago Press. $4.50 net.
Characters and Events of Roman History from Cæsar to
Nero. By Guglielmo Ferrero, Litt.D.; trans. by Frances
Lance Ferrero. 8vo, pp. 275. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.50 net.


1909.]
377
THE DIAL
FIOTION.
The White Sister. By Marion Crawford. With frontispiece
in photogravure, 12mo, pp. 335. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
The White Mice. By Richard Harding Davis. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 309. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
Set in Silver. By C. N. and A. M. Williamson. Illus. in color,
etc., 12mo, pp. 445. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.50.
The Inner Shrine. Anonymous. Illus., 12mo, pp. 356. Harper
& Brothers. $1.50.
The Romance of a Plain Man. By Ellen Glasgow. 12mo,
pp. 464. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
Roads of Destiny. By O. Henry. 12mo, pp. 376. Doubleday,
Page & Co. $1.50.
Elizabeth Visits America. By Eleanor Glyn. With frontis-
piece, 12mo, pp. 350. Duffield & Co. $1.50.
The Governors. By E. Phillips Oppenheiin. Illus. in color,
etc., 12mo, pp. 300. Little, Brown & Co. $1.50.
An Anarchist Woman. By Hutchins Hapgood. 12mo,
pp. 309. Duffield & Co. $1.25 net.
Red Horse Hill. By Sidney McCall. 12mo, pp. 361. Little,
Brown & Co. $1.50.
The Woman in Question. By John Reed Scott; illus. in
color by C. F. Underwood. 12mo, pp. 346. J. B. Lippincott
Co. $1.50.
In the Wake of the Green Banner By Eugene Paul
Metour. Illus., 12mo, pp. 444. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
The Plotting of Frances Ware. By James Locke. 12mo,
Moffat, Yard & Co. $1.50.
The Lady in the White Veil. By Rose O'Neil. Illus. in
color, etc., 12mo, pp. 350. Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
The Winning Chance. By Elizabeth Dejeans. With frontis-
piece in color, 12mo, pp. 317. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.
The Kingdom of Earth. By Anthony Partridge; illus. by
A. B. Wenzell. 12mo, pp. 329. Little, Brown & Co. $1.50.
Love's Privilege. By Stella M. Düring. Illustrated in color,
12mo, pp. 375. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.
Mary Gray. By Katharine Tynan. Illus. in color, 12mo,
pp. 336. Cassell & Co. $1.50.
Philip the Forester: A Romance of the Valley of Gardens.
By Daniel Edwards Kennedy, M.A. Limited edition; large
8vo, pp. 330. Brookline: The Queen's Shop. $.50 net.
The Sword of the Lord: A Romance of the Time of Martin
Luther. By Joseph Hocking. 12mo, pp. 334. E. P. Dutton
& Co. $1.25 net.
The Hand of God. By Cora Bennett Stephenson. With
frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 317. Boston: Ball Publishing Co. $1.50.
The Hawk: A Story of Aerial War. By Ronald Legge. 12mo,
pp. 310. John McBride Co. $1.50.
By Right of Conquest. By Arthur Hornblow. Illus, in color,
etc., 12mo, pp. 353. G. W, Dillingham Co. $1.50.
Daughters of the Rich. By Edgar Saltus. With frontispiece
in color, 12mo, pp. 259. Mitchell Kennerley. $1.25.
The Battle. By Cleveland Moffett. Illus., 12mo, pp. 303. G.W.
Dillingham Co. $1.50.
pp. 309.
書
​-
-
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Handbook of Alaska: Its Resources, Products, and Attrac-
tions. By Major-General A. W. Greely, U.S. A. Illus. and
with maps, 8vo, pp. 280. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. net.
Walks in Paris. By Georges Cain; trans. by Alfred Allinson,
M.A. Illus. in color, etc., 12mo, pp. 334. Macmillan Co.
$2. net.
POLITICS.-ECONOMICS. - SOCIOLOGY.
Economic Heresies: Being an Unorthodox Attempt to Appre-
The Political History of England. Edited by William
Hunt, D.Litt., and Reginald L. Poole, M.A. Vol. IX., The
History of England from the Accession of Anne to the Death
of George II., 1702-1760. By I. s. Leadam, M.A. With maps,
8vo, pp. 557. Longmang, Green, & Co. $2.60 net.
History of the State of Washington. By Edmond S.
Meany, M.L. Illus. and with maps, 12mo, pp. 406. Mac-
millan Co. $2.25 net.
Robespierre and the French Revolution. By Charles F.
Warwick. Illus., 8vo, pp. 407. George W. Jacobs & Co.
$2.50 net.
Notes and Documents Relating to Westminster Abbey.
Vol. I., The Manuscripts of Westminster Abbey, edited by
J. Armitage Robinson, D.D., and Montague Rhodes James;
Vol. II., Flete's History of Westminster Abbey, edited by
J. Armitage Robinson, D.D. Each large 8vo. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. $1.60 net.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Plays, Acting, and Music: A Book of Theory. By Arthur
Symons. New edition; 8vo, pp. 322. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$2. net.
The Wander Years : Being Some Account of Journeys into
Life, Letters, and Art. By J. H. Yoxall, M.P. 8vo, pp. 329.
E. P. Dutton & Co. $2. net.
The People at Play. By Rollin Lynde Hartt. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 317. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.50 net.
The Statesmanship of Andrew Jackson as Told in His
Writings and Speeches. Edited by Francis Newton Thorpe,
Ph.D. Large 8vo, pp. 538. * Principles of American States-
manship.” New York: Tandy-Thomas Co. $2.50.
Studies in Several Literatures. By Harry Thurston Peck,
Litt.D. 12mo, pp. 296. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.20 net.
Charles W. Eliot, President of Harvard University (May 19,
1869-May 19, 1909). By Dr. Eugen Kuehnemann. With por-
trait in photogravure, 12mo, pp. 85. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.
Love Letters of Famous Poets and Novelists. Selected
by Lionel Strackey and Prefaced with Descriptive Sketches
by Walter Littlefield. 8vo, pp. 340. New York: John McBride
Co. $2. net.
Tolstoy: The Man and His Message. By Edward A. Steiner.
Enlarged edition; illus. in color, etc., 12mo, pp. 353. Fleming
H, Revell Co. $1.50 net.
Mourning for Lincoln. By Frank W.Z. Barrett. 12mo, pp. 89.
John C. Winston Co. $1. net.
Product and Climax. By Simon Nelson Patten. 16mo, pp. 68.
The Art of Life Series.” B. W. Huebsch. 50 cts. net.
Self-Oultivation in English. By George Herbert Palmer,
LL.D. 16mo, pp. 82. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. 10 cts. net.
BOOKS OF VERSE.
The Joy of Life, and Other Poems. By Theodosia Garrison,
16mo, pp. 148. Mitchell Kennerley. $1. net.
Bermuda Verses. By “Larry" Chittenden. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 68. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50 net.
Fresh Fields and Legends old and New. By Sarah J.
Day. With frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 178. G.P. Putnam's sons.
$1.25 net.
Saint Peter. By Richard Arnold Greene. 16mo, pp.48. Boston:
Sherman, French & Co. $1. net.
The Song of the Wahbeek. A Poem. By Henry Pelham
Holmes Bromwell. With portrait, 12mo, pp. 195. Denver,
Col.: Henrietta E. Bromwell. $1.
In Itinere : Poems. By George Norton Northrop. 12mo, pp. 94.
Oxford: B. H. Blackwell.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The Decameron: Preserved to Posterity by Giovanni Boccaccio,
and translated into English anno 1620. With Introduction
by Edward Hutton. In 4 vols., 8vo. London: David Nutt.
The Novels and Tales of Henry James, New York Edition.
New vols.: The Altar of the Dead, The Beast in the Jungle,
etc.; Daisy Miller, Pandora, etc.; The Wings of the Dove, in
2 vols. Each with frontispiece in photogravure, 12mo.
Charles Scribner's Song. (Sold only in complete sets.)
Joaquin Miller's Poems. Vol. I., An Introduction, etc. With
frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 236. “Bear Edition." San Francisco:
Whitaker & Ray Co. $1.25 net.
The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus. By Christopher
Marlowe. With portrait, 16mo, pp. 78. Swan Dramatists."
New York: Sturgis & Walton. 45 cts. net.
De Quincey's Literary Oriticism. Edited, with Introduction,
by H. Darbishire. 16mo, pp. 267. London: Henry Frowde.
ciate the Economic Problems Presented by "Things as They
Are." By Sir Nathaniel Nathan. 8vo, pp. 423. Houghton
Mifflin Co. $3. net.
Railroad Freight Rates in Relation to the Industry and
Commerce of the United States. By Logan G. McPherson.
With maps, 8vo, pp. 441. Henry Holt & Co. $2.25 net.
Chapters on Municipal Administration and Accounting.
By Frederick A. Cleveland, Ph.D. 12mo, pp. 361. Longmans,
Green, & Co. $2. net.
Misery and Its Causes. By Edward T. Devine, Ph.D. 12mo,
pp. 274. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
Industrial Eficiency: A Comparative Study of Industrial
Life in England, Germany, and America. By Arthur Shad-
well, M.A. New edition; 12mo, pp. 720. Longmans, Green,
& Co. $2. net.
The Crisis : Trade Unions and the Courts. By Robert Hunter.
16mo, pp. 32. Chicago: Samuel A. Bloch. Paper, 10 cts. net.


378
[June 1,
THE DIAL
The Open Shop. By Clarence Darrow. 16mo, pp. 32. Chicago: Till Eulenspiegel. Edited by Frederick Betz, A.M. Illus.,
Samuel A. Bloch. Paper, 10 cts. net.
16mo, pp. 61. D. C. Heath & Co. 30 cts. net.
Les Mésaventures de Jean-Paul Choppart. Par Louis
RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.
Desnoyers. Edited by C. Fontaine, 16mo, pp. 185. D. C.
Studies in Mystical Religion. By Rufus M. Jones, M.A.
Heath & Co. 40 cts. net.
8vo, pp. 518. Macmillan Co. $3.50 net.
Dick Whittington, and Other Stories. Selected and arranged
A History of the Church of England. By Rev. M. W. by Frank W. Howard. Illus., 16mo, pp. 167. Charles E.
Patterson. 8vo, pp. 457. $2. net.
Merrill Co. 30 cts. net.
The Literary Man's Bible: A Selection of Passages from the
Practical Arithmetio. By L. D. Harvey. Books I. and II.
Old Testament, Historic, Poetic, and Philosophic, Illustrat-
12mo. American Book Co.
ing Hebrew Literature. Arranged, with introductory essays
Banbury Cross Stories. Selected and arranged by Frank
and annotations, by W. L. Courtney, M.A. 12mo, pp. 413.
W. Howard. Illus., 16mo, pp. 123. Charles E. Merrill Co.
Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. $1.25 net.
25 cts. net.
The Gospel in Latin Lands : Outline Studies of Protestant
MISCELLANEOUS.
Work in the Latin Countries of Europe and America. By Remaking the Mississippi. By John Lathrop Mathews.
Francis E. Clark, D.D., and Harriet A. Clark. With maps, Illus., 12mo, pp. 284. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.75 net.
12mo, pp. 312. Macmillan Co. 50 cts. net.
Practical Golf. By Walter J. Travis. Revised edition ; illus.,
Aids to Worship: An Essay Towards the Positive Preservation 12mo, pp. 267. Harper & Brothers. $2. net.
and Development of Catholicism. By Malcolm Quinn. 12mo, Manual of Physical Exercises : A Health Hand-Book."
pp. 182. Newcastle-on-Tyne, England: T. M. Grierson.
By A. R. T. Winjum, M.E. Illus., 12mo, pp. 361. Battle
Creek, Mich.: A. R. T. Winjum. $1.75.
PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY.
Oooking for Two: A Handbook for Young Housekeepers.
Is Immortality Desirable P By G. Lowes Dickinson. 16mo, By Janet Mackenzie Hill. Illus., 12mo, pp. 407. Little,
pp. 63. Houghton Mifflin Co. 75 cts. net.
Brown & Co. $1.50 net.
Mendel's Principles of Heredity. By W. Bateson, M.A.
Camping and Camp Cooking. By Frank A. Bates. 16mo,
Illus. in color, etc., large 8vo, pp. 393. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
pp. 116. Boston: Ball Publishing Co. 75 cts. net.
$3.50 net.
Writing the Short-Story. By J. Berg Esenwein, A.M. 12mo,
The Philosophy of Long Life. By Jean Finot; trang. by
pp. 441. New York: Hinds, Noble & Eldredge. $1.25.
Harry Roberts. 8vo, pp. 305. John Lane Co. $2.50 net. Kipling Stories and Poems Every Child Should Know.
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.
.
:
.
No. 552.
JUNE 16, 1909. Vol. XLVI. The harshness of the inherited orthodox theology
grew repellent to him as he came to see life
CONTENTS..
clearly for what it was, but the ethical kernel of
AN APOSTLE OF GOOD CITIZENSHIP .
385 puritanism was treasured in his thought and
EDWARD EVERETT HALE
387 conduct after the wrappings had been cast aside.
ROUSSEAU IN 1909. Warren Barton Blake
388 His political memories went back to the struggle
CASUAL COMMENT
391 for the Constitution; he was successively a Fed-
An author of inscriptions. — Two opinions_of eralist, a Whig, an Abolitionist, and a Repub-
Shelley. - The death of R. Nisbet Bain. — The
foreigner's opinion of English spelling. - The hand-
lican; he survived until the struggle for the
writing of culture. – A case of inverted plagiar- Union was over, and he died on that startled
ism. – Mrs. Julia Ward Howe at ninety. - The
April morning when the news of Lincoln's
cipher microbe. — A stage censorship by reputable
actors. — Abdul-Hamid the book-collector.
death changed jubilation into mourning, and
COMMUNICATIONS:
plunged the nation into the blackest grief it had
Theodore Roosevelt and Thomas Paine. James F. ever known. An American of the kind whose
Morton, Jr.; Frederic M. Wood
393
The Importation of Copyrighted Books.
character was typified for the ages in the per-
Geo.
Haven Putnam
394 sonality of the great President, Timothy Smith
Some Needed Typographical Reforms. George lived and died obscurely, unknown to fame, one
French
395
of the plain people. There have been many
CONCORD MEMORIES, AND OTHER PAGES
FROM THE PAST. Percy F. Bicknell
thousands of such Americans as he, and they
396
CHAPTERS OF AMERICAN OPERA. George P.
have been the salt of the New World.
Upton
398 Someone has said was it Dr. Holmes ?
SHELLEY THE “ENCHANTED CHILD." Anna that to educate a man properly, you must begin
Benneson McMahan
399
with his grandfather. This thought has recurred
A MASTERPIECE OF TYPOGRAPHY, Frederick
to us while reading the memorial volume into
W. Gookin
401
which have been collected the more significant
THE INDIVIDUALITY OF WALT WHITMAN.
W. E. Simonds
404
writings of Edwin Burritt Smith, now published
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
405
three years after his death. For Timothy Smith
From fur-trade to Exposition.--Points for workers was the grandfather of the man whose memory
in the library.-- Beginnings and romance of Amer- is now honored, and an account of the pioneer's
ican railroads. — France from Waterloo to the
Third Republic.—A famous foe of the Scotch cov-
life, written with tender piety, is one of the most
epanters. — The value of superstition. - A pioneer notable features of the book. As we follow the
and missionary in the far Northwest. — The evo-
story of the ancestor's laborious years, charac-
lution of our modern orchestration. The fairest
city of the Ægean Sea.
terized by simplicity and stern integrity, we
BRIEFER MENTION
408
realize something of the inheritance which he
NOTES
408 was preparing for his descendants, an inherit-
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
409 ance not of perishable wealth, but of moral fibre
and of the qualities that may make the hard
AN APOSTLE OF GOOD CITIZENSHIP.
“passage through our slough " a true pilgrim's
progress toward the celestial city.
Early in 1860, when the political campaign of Those who were privileged to know Edwin
that memorable year was opening, one Timothy Burritt Smith, and to work hand in hand with
Smith, aged seventy-seven, took up a farm in him in the causes to which his best energies were
central Illinois. He was a typical pioneer, born devoted, have not yet
devoted, have not yet — probably never will —
in Connecticut, who had followed the westward become reconciled to his taking-off three years
movement of the frontier through New York ago. He was in the prime of life, his influence
and Pennsylvania to the prairies of the Sanga- was just beginning to make itself highly effec-
mon.
A New Englander of the old Puritan tive, he had attracted to himself the attention of
stock, he changed his skies but not his soul as earnest workers for righteousness in all parts of
he migrated from farm to farm, and the austere the country, his grasp and his power were fully
ideals
of a God-fearing and hard-working ances- developed, and he should have been good for
try shaped his life in its successive habitations. | twenty more years of the highest civic useful-
.
.


386
(June 16,
THE DIAL
ness.
a
a
>
6
He was a man who would have gone far and-sword subjugation of the Filipinos took on
had that score of additional years been vouch- the characteristics of the holy war against slavery
safed him, but at hardly more than the midway that had been waged half a century earlier. In
station of man's active life he was confronted by the face of seeming defeat, he never lost faith in
man's ancient enemy, and, after a brave struggle, the ultimate triumph of the American principle
was defeated. The vitalizing energy that im- of democracy. His creed was expressed when,
parted itself to his fellow-workers was all that speaking at the Anti-Imperialist Conference of
remained ; now we have given us in addition 1900 in Philadelphia, he closed with the words:
this printed record, drawing for us in broken or “We have come to the city of the Declaration of
fragmentary form a few of the main lines of Independence to drink deep at this fountain of human
his endeavor.
liberty. We here renew our faith in self-government,
The contents of this volume are about equally preservation. We still cherish the principles for which
and pledge ourselves to do all that in us lies for its
divided between local and national questions. Washington fought and Lincoln died. We hold that
Nine of the “ Essays and Addresses " are given taxation without representation is still tyranny. We
to matters of municipal government, some nar-
declare relentless war on the miners and sappers of
rowed to the special case of Chicago, others of returning despotism. We will neither compromise nor
surrender. Our reliance is in the love of liberty which
more comprehensive scope. The author was one
God has planted in us. Our defence is in the spirit
of the leading spirits in that Municipal Voters' which prizes liberty as the heritage of all men in all
League which substituted an essentially honest
lands everywhere.'
city council in Chicago (with only a sprinkling The editors of this memorial volume, Messrs.
of “gray wolves ”) for the old corrupt gang that G. L. Paddock, A. H. Tolman, and F. W.
had disgraced the community for many years. Gookin, have performed their labor of love with
He was also active in securing for the city a intelligence and sympathy. Mr. Paddock is
suitable civil service law and an equitable settle- the writer of the prefatory "appreciation," and
ment of the vexing problem of the street rail- has sketched Mr. Smith's life simply and clearly.
ways. He knew that city governments are the He has also inserted a number of letters read
chief plague-spots upon the American body at the memorial service of May 20, 1906. From
politic, that “no cure can be complete or ade- one of these letters, sent by Charles Eliot
quate that does not reach the seat of the dis- Norton, we extract a passage which affords an
ease,” and that “ the recovery of representative exact characterization of the man.
government must begin in the cities." Hence • In our long conversations, I was impressed by the
his most fruitful labors were exerted in this perfect coördination of his vigorous intelligence with his
direction, and they were made fruitful by the
strong moral convictions and clear moral perceptions.
He was, like most Americans, an idealist, but his ideals
combination of his legal training with the most
were higher than those of the crowd, and his guide in
practical kind of common sense. He was ever the pursuit of them was not a blind enthusiasm, but an
an idealist, but his feet were always firmly open-eyed good sense. His character was all of a piece,
planted on the solid earth.
simple, sincere, steadfast. It was his nature to obey the
call of duty, and to follow its path. This was the inde-
The group of nine papers upon questions of
pendence, this was the courage for which he was praised
national politics are devoted in part to such or blamed according to the nature of those who judged
abstract subjects as the nature of sovereignty, him. He was an eminent example of the good citizen,
the Monroe Doctrine and the general question and in his death not only Chicago but the whole country
of our international dealings, and the deeper
suffers a great loss."
implications of democracy. In part they voice
the sentiment that aroused so many of the finer
EDWARD EVERETT HALE.
spirits of the nation to indignation when we en-
At the celebration of his seventieth birthday
gaged some ten years ago in a needless war and
Edward Everett Hale was described by Oliver
entered upon an “ aggressive” foreign policy.
Wendell Holmes, with truth as well as humor, as
No one saw more clearly than Mr. Smith that
“the living dynamo,"
we were following after false gods and aban-
Toiling, still toiling at his endless task,
doning the most sacred principles of our national With patience such as Sisyphus might ask,
life when we adopted this course, and no one
To flood the paths of ignorance with light,
To speed the progress of the struggling right."
expressed more incisively the better and more
And now that the dynamo is finally at rest, and one
sober judgment of the American people in its
contemplates the amount of work it has accomplished
great latter-day crisis. He made himself one of
- the varied machinery to which it has been the
the chief spokesmen of anti-imperialism, and motive power, the light and heat its electric pulses
under his leadership the opposition to our fire- have furnished to the world, the wireless messages
66
a
*


1909.]
387
THE DIAL
of hope and courage and helpfulness it has been the heard him and read him gladly. His “Memories
means of sending abroad one cannot but be more of a Hundred Years,” the rich reminiscences of a
than ever struck with the aptness of the image. wonderfully observant and many-sided octogenarian,
Cradled in the sheets of his father's Boston were widely read and enjoyed, both in serial form
“Advertiser,” as he was wont to express it, the lad and as collected into a book; but they furnished rare
early took to writing. So facile was his youthful sport to the keen and pitiless critics of the Edward
pen in turning a graceful rhyme that when he was A. Freeman habit of mind. "A New England
graduated from Harvard at seventeen he wrote the Boyhood” and “ James Russell Lowell and his
poem for the class-day exercises. Many other occa- Friends” are other important works of a genially
sional pieces of verse, for class reunions and other reminiscent character, and not intended to be scru-
college or more general celebrations, followed from tinized with a critical miscroscope. Something of
his pen at different times. Perhaps his stirring lines Walter Scott's, and indeed of Shakespeare's, large-
entitled “ Alma Mater's Roll,” read at the Phi Beta minded indifference to small details belonged to this
Kappa dinner at Harvard in 1875, are the best and great-souled man of deeds as well as letters.
most characteristic. This and other poems, mostly To enumerate his interests and activities, even
in ballad metre, were collected in his volume of verse those having to do with literature and education,
which he named “For Fifty Years” and published would be impossible ; yet a few characteristic points
just half a century after he had attained his majority. may be briefly touched upon. In his first pastorate
The later volume of “New England History in at Worcester, not very long after his father had put
Ballads” is only in part his own. Fired with through the early railway line connecting that city
patriotism, his stirring ballads are often very with Boston, he lent a hand in establishing the Public
effective. “New England's Chevy Chase,” for Library and the Natural History Society of his new
example, almost makes one smell the gunpowder place of residence; and he also became an active
burnt at Lexington and Concord.
member, and for some time president, of the Amer-
But the incongruity of dwelling on Dr. Hale's ican Antiquarian Society, which has its headquarters
merits as a poet would be recognized by himself at Worcester. He attended the Phi Beta Kappa
first of all. In later life he used to advise young meetings at Cambridge, and served as the society's
writers to give some time to verse-making as an presiding officer, besides filling the part of poet on
agreeable and useful exercise in phrase-making and occasion. Omniverous in his reading, he drew and
synonym-hunting, not by any means as the serious read more books from the Congressional Library in
business of life. His own noteworthy contribution his winters in Washington, where for the last five
to literature was in the short story. “The Man years he held the office of Chaplain to the Senate,
without a Country," known to thousands of readers than almost
anyone
else. Fiction in large doses he
in many languages, and the almost equally excellent was capable of consuming, together with a wide range
jeu d'esprit, “My Double, and How He Undid Me," of historical and scientific works. The learned so-
will long be favorites. “ In His Name” ranks with cieties to which he belonged need not here be named,
them, and “Ten Times One is Ten” has gained an nor the numerous philanthropic organizations of
unexampled renown through the many philanthropic which he was the moving spirit. His advocacy of
organizations - Lend-a-Hand societies, Wadsworth an international parliament and a court of arbitra-
clubs, Look-Up leagues, King's Daughters chapters, tion for the pacific adjustment of international dif-
and so on — that have sprung from its suggestions. ferences was begun years before the Hague tribunal
There is fame enough in being the author of these was dreamed of by others, and it was continued, in
short stories, or of the first-named alone, to swell with season and out of season, until the prophet's vision
pride a smaller man for the rest of his life; but their was realized. No less dear to him was his plan
author, having adorned with swift hand whatever in for universal harmony and brotherhood in religion.
this department he chose to touch, pushed on to more At his last public appearance, not quite two weeks
serious labors.
before his death (June 10), he pleaded this cause
The essays in history and biography and travel before the Massachusetts Convention of Congrega-
which, either alone or in collaboration with son or tional Ministers.
sister, he issued in some profusion, have met with Not soon will the world again see the like of this
popular acceptance, although, as Mr. Edwin D. Mead New Englander in whose veins flowed the confluent
has expressed it, "many of us who study history streams of Hale and Everett blood. Contemplating
got mad at him, for the moment, as we noted this bit his massive head, his rugged features, and his tower-
of carelessness and that on his vital and fascinating ing form, one could not but feel that he had been
page.” In fact, his writings had the easy style and cast in a special mould and the mould destroyed as
freedom from pedantry of familiar letters to friends, soon as it had served its purpose. If ever it could be
even as his platform addresses and to some extent said of anyone that “the style is the man,” it must
his pulpit utterances had the spontaneity and charm be said of Edward Everett Hale. To treat his style
of intimate talks to friends. Critics have never as a thing apart from his powerful personality were
accounted him a great orator or a great writer; but as futile as to study the rustling of the oak tree's foli-
the world at large, which knows what it likes and is age
with
eyes shut to its majestic outlines and mag-
intolerant of mere scholarship, as it is of humbug, nificent proportions.
a
66


388
[June 16,
THE DIAL
-
to;
under the spell of the “Confessions”? The school-
ROUSSEAU IN 1909.
boy reads them “on the sly”; the man of letters,—
I.
it has been as true of Hazlitt in England as of Daudet
Once more as we approach the completion of the in France, - stands them by Montaigne on his book-
second century since his birth (June 28, 1712) do shelf. And since they have erected that statue at
books and events combine to direct the world's atten- Montmorency, another has gone up at Ermenonville.
tion to Jean-Jacques Rousseau. It was at Mont- It was there that he died, just a hundred and thirty-
morency that he composed the “Nouvelle Héloïse"
one years ago, of an apoplexy: and it is only to-day
and the famous letter to d'Alembert; it is at Mont- that the last suspicions of the naturalness of that
morency that M. Briand and other celebrities have lonely death, in the presence of Thérèse alone, have
saluted the author “ with emotion ” as the greatest been finally dismissed. But the man himself he
workman in free science, in free thought; as the is not to be dismissed, even at this late day. The
“ triumphant poet of Nature and of Liberty,” — all dedication of that statue at Ermenonville is far from
this in dedicating a statue to his memory.
Mean- being the last we shall hear of him. All our distinctly
while, across the Channel Professor Churton Collins
modern institutions are, in a sense, his monuments.
was giving Rousseau a rather unenviable place in
the last book to which he signed his name,* and Mr.
II.
Francis Gribble was putting the finishing touches to
There is, none the less, a new manner of appre-
the volume which he has alluringly entitled “ Jean- ciation of Rousseau. We were used to hearing such
Jacques Rousseau and the Women he Loved.” † declarations as this : “He announced and prepared
It is not a pleasing personality which Mr. Gribble the great movement whence has issued modern
seeks to reconstruct for us; it is a characteristic France," with superadded compliment in the super-
figure, that of the Rue Emile at Montmorency,
lative. Now, the tone is one of apology. Popular
more characteristic than that of the Place du Pan- government, in its turn, is on trial : representative
théon, for with the three-cornered hat and the long government, the universal suffrage, are no longer
cane the new Rousseau carries - a wild-flower. We signals for prolonged cheering. France is to-day
have, this time, the lover of “God's out-of-doors "; ruefully regarding the debauchery of her legislature,
and there is deep fidelity in the sculptor's conception. quite as we eye the blatant fatuity of ours. All this
Finally, the raising of a statue to the “ citizen of is reflected in the tone of the speeches made at
Geneva” is no merely formal homage to genius. Ermenonville, at the unveiling of the statue referred
Jean-Jacques remains to-day more than a name in the Minister of Labor, orator of the day, confessed
eighteenth-century literature. Someone has said that that Rousseau's work cannot satisfy us; confessed that
there was a bit of the Don Quixote in the philosopher" with the swinging of the pendulum, we can readily,
whom Mr. Gribble makes out such a Bel-Ami; and,
and without merit of our own, attest the social false
whatever the personality may be adjudged, there can
ness of this or that system, the caducité of this or
be no disposition to belittle the influence. Rousseau that construction.” M. Viviani concludes that, to do
has been a source of inspiration in the framing as in Rousseau justice, we must take his handicaps into
the interpretation of our Constitution; he has acted account; “we must not crush under the weight of
upon the Third Republic, besides making it possible; acquired progress the original inventor whose limited
has acted upon every democratic movement. With powers (courts moyens) were in themselves, for the
the break-down of dogmatic Christianity, his senti- times, a proof of genius.” All this would be trite
mental view has more influence than ever in the enough if it were not for the source of the remarks,-
religious field. “Rousseauism, in fine, remains a were it not, in short, that democratic France now
force in the modern world, and it is vain to attempt
defends the Father of the Nineteenth Century, where
to discredit it by the primitive expedient of blacken- a moment ago
she
was canonizing him. “ Reaction"
ing the character of its author.”
has once more set in.
Contemporary criticism has indeed done more to Outside of France, Rousseau's influence has been
whitewash than to blacken Jean-Jacques; and no-
greatest upon education; it is, then, significant when
where has this tendency been stronger than in the one reads in a paper on Rousseau in the latest volume
two-volume “ Study in Criticism” devoted to Rous-
of the “Shelburne Essays -a paper
that has some-
seau by a third English writer, Mrs. Frederika thing to say of the principles worked out in “Emile,”
Macdonald. # A war of ideas and of allegations
and of that book's value both as a protest against
still wages over the character and inspiration of the pedagogical repression and as a volume full of sug-
man: the spirit of impressionism which he personi- gestions of permanent value " -- this most pointed
.
fied is active to-day in art and education and politics. clause : “ There is a growing belief among a certain
He is a contemporary of Clemenceau and Fallières class that the fundamental thesis of the book has
and Briand; of the French authors and the Sorbonne worked, and is still working, like a poison in the blood
professors-yes, and of our own. Who has not come of society.” If this be true, if in our modern scheme
*Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau in England. By
of education we are making instinct the basis and not
J. Churton Collins. London: Eveleigh Nash. 1908.
experienced judgment, impulse and not control,
† New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1908.
I Jean-Jacques Rousseau: A New Study in Criticism. By Shelburne Essays, Sixth series. By Paul Elmer More. New
Frederika Macdonald. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1909.
9
66
"*
.


· 1909.]
389
THE DIAL
here.*
why, welcome then the growing loss of faith in Rous-
III.
seau and his principles. For that matter, the evi-
It is because Jean-Jacques is more than the
dences of sharp reaction remain only too slight; we
“ citizen of Geneva ” — is, in fine, the prominent
find none of them in the little book on “Jean-Jacques
Rousseau and Education from Nature,” translated
citizen of contemporary France that we have already
found him that such a matter as the course of
from the French of M. Gabriel Compayré.* Perhaps
lectures delivered by M. Jules Lemaitre before the
it is partly in the hope of developing an opposition,
Société des Conférences in Paris raised at the time
that the essayist has spoken out; if so, it is evident
a hubbub such as we could never get up over Jeffer-
that he does not stand altogether alone. In one of the
son and Hamilton and Tom Paine rolled all in one.
strongest and most earnest books written on the sub-
Fancy Chicago, for example, expressing its apprecia-
ject in recent years, Professor Irving Babbitt has not
tion of one of these men by means of “ Lyric Medi-
merely attacked the modern applications of "Emile":
tations,” band-music, and antique dances by fresh
he has not scrupled to name names. President
and pretty young girls clad in clear colors! Yet
Eliot is, for him, the type of modified Rousseauist;
these were among the "features ” of the manifesta-
”
reminding him of Bossuet's remark about Marcus
tion against M. Lemaitre's lectures on Jean-Jacques,
Brutus. “ Brutus,” says Bossuet, “kept on talking
liberty when he should have been talking restraint, published since then in book-form, both in France and
Bubbling over with malice, written against
and that in the interests of liberty itself.” | Never
rather than about Rousseau, these lectures inspired,
were we farther from venturing Lowell's word:
not the mass-meeting alone, but such newspaper
“We cannot trace many practical results to his (Rous- eloquence as this, used in describing the Sorbonne
seau's] teaching." He threatens rather to become a
manifestation: “A room filled to the crushing-point,
fetich of criticism (as Mr. More has written). And
an enthusiastic crowd, eloquent apologists,—nothing
not of criticism alone ; for in all the fields where his
was lacking to clear the memory of this universal
seed was sowed, in literature, and education, and
thinker.” How natural that neither facts nor logic
thought political or social or religious, there has been
should preoccupy his followers, since the leader him-
an action upon us not directly alone, but also as com-
self appealed to all that is below, and to much that
municated through five generations of disciples and
is above, the Reason !
imitators. If it is not everyone who knows so much
One is fascinated by the fine humor of it all.
as the titles of his books, it does not follow that
That demonstration against M. Lemaitre's lectures
Rousseau has been overtopped by his contemporaries,
was not organized in his publishers' interest, as one
Voltaire and Diderot; but rather that his ideas have
become ours by some mysterious process of absorp-
might suspect. It was even taken quite seriously by
the radicals of Paris, of all France, of Switzerland.
tion. Writers of the Revolutionary period, and after, They sent their delegates ; the Government sent its
have impressed his thought upon us in countless
minister. We Americans reserve our pyrotechnics
modifications; and many of his wildest theories are
and hysteria for presidential elections, and maintai
our plain facts in law or pedagogy. It is, after all,
a perfect indifference, en masse, where a candidate's
something to write of an author that in five genera personality is not concerned. As a people,
we under-
tions his audacities have become our commonplaces.
At times, indeed, his work was but to popularize the
value ideas quite as we overrate action. We do not
see in ideas, as a people of philosophic temper must,
ideas of his predecessors. This is true of every critic
the springs of that action we so blindly exalt. Mean-
of life. A certain Benedictine monk has written a
time, France has paid her rather absurd homage to
thick volume concerning the “Plagiats de Rousseau ";
the "founder of modern society."
Dom Cayot might have been in better business, leav-
And yet the futility of developing or seeking to
ing this labor to some candidate for the American
develop a “ Rousseau philosophy” is realized even in
5
doctorate. The best of Rousseau's work was written
France. The contradictions that his genius offers
to the dictation of his own intelligence — and sensi-
are not only contradictions between doctrine and
bility; it is he who wrote (as others have not failed
practice, but between doctrine and doctrine. His
to write after him): “I know my heart, and I know
panegyrists themselves confess that one must look
I am not constituted as any of those that I
to Rousseau for tendencies rather than for a system.
have seen; I dare to believe that I am not con-
In his “First Discourse”.
upon
the Arts and the
stituted as any who exist.” And where this unique
Sciences he maintains that man is naturally virtu-
person was very far from inventing — where he bor-
ous; that he is a victim of that corrupting influence
rowed from Locke and Montaigne and even Rabelais
which we broadly describe as “civilization.” In the
- he revivified and transfigured. “What is genius?”
very starting-point — in this insistence upon the
asks Edward FitzGerald in “ Polonius ”; “what but
superiority of the “state of nature" lies the root
the faculty of seizing things from right and left-
of the evil. That the theory leads, logically, back to
here a bit of marble, there a bit of brass — and
savagery itself, as the ideal state, was pointed out even
breathing life into them!”
men.
66
-
-
by Rousseau's contemporaries; to-day, M. Lemaitre
• Issued in the series of Pioneers in Education.” T. Y.
Crowell & Co. 1908.
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau, par Jules Lemaitre, de l'Académie
Literature and the American College. Essay on Bacon and Française. Paris: 1907. Engnish translation by Mme. Chas.
Rousseau. By Irving Babbitt. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Bigot (Jeanne Mairet) published by the McClure Co., New
York, 1908.
10
Co. 1908.


390
[June 16,
THE DIAL
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>
a
66
9
66
seau as
dwells upon his failure adequately to describe what Ernest-Charles, and the other radicals in poetry and
he meant by Nature as the primal source of the con- journalism and politics, Lemaitre and Lasserre seem
fusion into which discussion of his theories plunges friends, not of “order,” but of the old order
the
Nor is all this an academic matter. Leaving ancien regime. There is no middle ground in the
the question of education aside, Rousseau's influence France of to-day: one is atheist, revolutionist (i. e.,
is marked upon contemporary leaders in every field social revolutionist), Rousseauist, - or else one is
of thought and of endeavor; he has innoculated the Catholic-reactionary. It is not greatly to be won-
whole world with his sentimental optimism and his dered at if the book of a former - Nationalist” poli-
humanitarian ideals. Nowhere is this more true than tician is attacked by these rhetorical radicals ; nor is
in the north of Europe; one sees his formulas at work it to be doubted that they will denounce Mr. Gribble's
in Ibsen's dramas, unsettling and inconclusive as they | book. The one challenges remark by its glittering
are ; the influence has affected publicists, too: Dos- cruelty of phrase; the other attracts attention as a
toievsky is one of them, in Russia ; Tikhvinsky good specimen of that “documented” history which
another. “ Rousseau has been my master since the is the specialty of our little age, and as something
age of fifteen," writes Tolstoi in a letter.
shabbier even than court-memoirs at their most sor-
One is tempted to cite the brilliant sayings of did. As for M. Lemaitre's volume, it shows us at
Lemaitre in the book he has written so lately. The least how the tide is running in some channels. The
crux of it is here: seeing in the “ Héloïse,” the descendants of the Jacobins of '89 and '93 have
Emile,” the “Social Contract,” and the other books, expelled the last of the monks and have stripped the
only so many expressions of the chaos reigning in Church of its property; they have added to M.
the writer's own life, one is spared the task of recon- Briand's ministry of “cults" the administration of
ciling the irreconcilable. We need not quote M. justice; what then of the astonishment if the "friends
Lemaitre's sallies at Rousseau's expense. It requires of restraint,” the enemies of that individualism
no Chesterton no Lemaitre - to compose para- which, according to M. Lasserre, has meant the ruin
doxes about him. Rousseau sowed truths and half- of the individual, describe the philosophy of Rous-
truths with an open hand, and expressed them in
“ the most subversive ever let loose among
terms of life. He expounded and maintained the men"? Now the Genevan is likened to a virus ;
Social Contract, and precipitated the Terror. He now he is a raging lion, a misérable, a Protestant.
preached religious toleration, and declared that those For your reactionary in literature as well as in poli-
who could not accept the “ Profession of Faith of the tics, his crime consists, in great part, in having engen-
Savoyard Vicar” ought to be put to death. He dered modern romanticism, the genius of evil, the
composed the “ Devin du Village”; to equalize mat- mal moderne. In condemning with a fine impar-
ters, he wrote the letter against stage-performances. tiality both Romanticism and Rousseau, le roman-
Of all his works, none is more truly the product of tisme intégral, M. Lemaitre contents himself with
his peculiar genius than the book of which he could
which he could observing that there is not a theory, not a system,
write to a friend : “ You know well that the Nou- not a form of sensibility, such as passes by the name
velle Héloïse should not figure in the list of my of “romantic," that does not proceed from Jean-
writings.” He preached the cult of virtue, — only Jacques' writings. Rien dans le romantisme qui
it was vice masquerading in her sister's robes. ne soit de Rousseau. Rien dans Rousseau qui ne
Lastly — most notoriously — he dwelt upon the soit romantique. “ Chateaubriand, Madame de
parent's duty to his children, and sent five infants, Staël, Senancour, Lamartine, Hugo, Musset, Sand,
one after another, to the foundlings' home. These Michelet, — such,” concludes the critic, “
are some of the facts about Rousseau, some of the literary offspring of Jean-Jacques.” Why not say,
issues of the controversy. Twenty years after writ- briefly, modern French literature ?
ing his essay on Jean-Jacques, Lowell spent several It is not easy to know what to think. Perhaps
weeks in re-reading him. “A very complex char- all these lectures and demonstrations and critical
acter," was the conclusion he came to;
essays and statues and histories of the-women-he-
as if the two poles of the magnet were somehow loved will have the happy effect of sending some of
mixed in him, so that hardly has he attracted you us back to the writer himself; we are bound to find
powerfully, when you are benumbed with as strong something worth while there, since we may either
a shock of repulsion. A monstrous liar, but amuse ourselves by picking flaws in his books, or
always the first dupe of his own lie.”
taste a pleasure of the sensuous sort in absorbing
that richness of style and enjoying the delights of
IV.
vagabondage, of greatness, and of caressing the
It is precisely because Rousseau is the precursor of sensibilities. We cannot to look at it from that
modern society and of modern literature, eulogized standpoint — we cannot, at any rate, wholly despise
by his partisans, that such a critic as M. Lemaitre
the problems presented by one whose “ Discourse
takes up the cudgels against him, and M. Lasserre,
upon Equality among Men” meant so much to the
the writer of a treatise upon French romanticism, signers of our own “ Declaration of Independence";
brands him an anarchist ; * while to Richepin and whose treatise
upon education, shaped as an account
* Le Romatisme Français. Par Pierre Lasserre. Paris, 1907. of that promising young Emilius, is doing its work
-
are the
one feels


1909.]
391
THE DIAL
-
whenever we apply the elective system at our structures now in building on Capitol Hill will be
colleges.
adorned with appropriate epigraphs from the same
Let us hope that by the time we have re-read skilful hand. Dr. Eliot's long practice in presenting
some of his books there will have been published an candidates for academic degrees, each with a preg-
account of Rousseau that shall be at once scholarly, nant word of suitable characterization, must have
sane, and convincing. One expects extremes in helped to develop in him this faculty for turning
any discussion of a man who was both more and well-rounded and marvellously compact phrases for
less than philosopher and novelist and reformer of use on public monuments. Why would not a course
society and educational innovator and revolutionist in inscription-writing be good for students in the
(religious and political); most of all must one look English department? No better corrective of dif-
for extremes in the French criticism of Rousseau. fuseness and vagueness could be devised. Further-
It will be much if his disciples keep their promise more, as already remarked, no work of literature
to give practical vent to their enthusiasm, and the has so favorable a chance of surviving the ravages
Jean-Jacques Society of Geneva issues its critical of time as the inscription. In the far-distant future
edition of his works not collected for more than the excavators of buried Boston may unearth the
three quarters of a century, and never definitively Shaw tablet, but find the books of the neighboring
published. That is not enough: the controversial Athenæum and Public Library all crumbled to dust.
state of opinion suggests — notwithstanding the fact
-
It is true the writer's fame will be anonymous, but
that each year produces its crowd of new books on so is that of the composer of the imperishable lines
Rousseau—our need of such a study of him as I have on the Rosetta Stone.
just referred to. Though we have Lord Morley's
biography, thirty busy years have passed since its TWO OPINIONS OF SHELLEY, violently in contrast,
appearance.
We await a new presentation, but
- and each having the authority of a great name
who is competent to undertake it? The writer (though the greatness in one case has not yet been
must be something of a philosopher, for he has an established on a broad and everlasting basis), chanced
idealogue to consider; he must also be a critic of to come to our notice almost simultaneously. They
poetry, for Rousseau engendered an age of lyricism. afford a good illustration of the notorious disagree-
Lastly, he must approach his task without too com- ment of critics, and help to strengthen the plain
plete an ignorance of social and political issues ; and man's confidence in the worth (to himself, at least)
yet he must not mix his politics and his belles- of his own judgment. In Hazlitt's essay “On People
lettres as hopelessly as the French do. It is not of Sense” occurs this passage : “Poetry acts by sym-
likely that we shall soon have that satisfactory study pathy with nature, that is, with the natural impulses,
of Rousseau: he is almost too completely the first customs, and imaginations of men, and is, on that
great cosmopolitan, and the link of past and present. account, always popular, delightful, and at the same
Besides, where is the critic and philosopher whom I time instructive. It is nature moralizing and idealiz-
have just described? WARREN BARTON BLAKE.
ing for us; inasmuch as, by showing us things as they
are, it implicitly teaches us what they ought to be;
and the grosser feelings, by passing through the strain-
ers of this imaginary, wide-extended experience,
CASUAL COMMENT.
acquire an involuntary tendency to higher objects.
AN AUTHOR OF INSCRIPTIONS on stone, bronze, Shakespeare was, in this sense, not only one of the
and other perdurable substances, can more confi- greatest poets, but one of the greatest moralists that
dently predict a long life for his productions than can we have. Those who read him are the happier, bet-
the writer of books. That President Eliot — or, ter, and wiser for it. No one (that I know of) is the
we must now say, Dr. Eliot, since his relinquishment happier, better, or wiser for reading Mr. Shelley's
of authority to President Lowell — is one of the most Prometheus Unbound. One thing is that nobody
prolific and successful writers of inscriptions our reads it. And the reason for one or both is the
country has known, has not been borne in mind by same, that he is not a poet, but a sophist, a theorist,
everyone in the chorus of eulogy that has accom- a controversial writer in verse. He gives us, for
panied his retirement from high office. The twelve representations of things, rhapsodies of words.”
tablets on the splendid Water Gate at the World's And so on, with increasing severity. The gratui-
Columbian Exposition, the fine inscription on the tous element in this introduction of Shelley, who was
Robert Gould Shaw monument in Boston, and the still living, is what most strikes the reader. In sharp
eloquent words inscribed on the Soldiers' Monument contrast with Hazlitt's condemnatory outburst is the
on Boston Common — these are among the best-glowing eulogy of Shelley from the pen of the late
known examples of his admirable taste in the choice Francis Thompson, published first in “The Dublin
of forceful and fitting eulogy for monumental pur- Review,” where it attracted so much attention as to
poses, although few who have read these examples make necessary a second edition of the number
of terse and elegant English know from whose pen containing it, and now republished in book form.
they came. It is hoped that the beautiful marble Readers will note with interest the fuller account
Union Station at Washington and other notable of it given elsewhere in this issue of THE DIAL.
as


392
(June 16,
THE DIAL
a
»
>
a
upon them.
THE DEATH OF R. NISBET BAIN, at fifty-four, hand that is so economical of
space
and commonly
takes from the world of letters a man of varied so easy to read. That this time-and-space-saving
talents, of admirable industry, and of noteworthy style is a modern development admits of obvious
achievement. His position of assistant librarian at explanation. The larger, slanting, more conven-
the British Museum gave him ready access to and tional handwriting of Dr. Johnson and his contem-
familiarity with departments of literature in which
poraries was in harmony with the leisure and
the workers are comparatively few. In Scandina- formality of a less-crowded age. It must be chiefly
vian and in Slavonic history he made himself an the more or less instinctive effort to save time that
authority, and published a number of books. “Gus- now causes a writer's style to strip itself of super-
tavus III. and his Contemporaries,” « Charles XII. fluities to an increasing extent as he grows
older
and the Collapse of the Swedish Empire,” “The and this of course has a wider application than to
Pupils of Peter the Great,” with works on Peter's mere script. Strange, in view of these facts, is the
daughter the Empress Elizabeth and his grandson reaction now showing itself in some quarters against
Peter III., and one entitled “ The First Romanovs, the teaching of vertical penmanship. In France,
1613-1725," are among his more important pro- for example, where educational details of this sort
ductions. An excellent life of Hans Andersen also are intelligently ordered, a special commission has
came from his busy pen a few years ago ; and be- just reported in favor of a return to the old-fashioned
tween whiles he amused himself with turning several forward-tipping script, and this for both ophthal-
of Jókai’s romances from Hungarian into English mological and orthopædic reasons. Yet one might
his struggles with the idiosyncrasies of that fearful safely wager that the French children of to-day who
and wonderful language being touched upon in his are to be the littérateurs of to-morrow will let no
preface to “The Hungarian Nabob.” Ruthenian polysyllabic pronouncements of government com-
and Russian and Finnish and we know not how missions stand in the way of a more serviceable
many other difficult tongues were mastered by him, form of penmanship when the stress shall come
in a literary way.
In his fondness for hard brain-
work he was a veritable glutton, and one cannot but
A CASE OF INVERTED PLAGIARISM, as one critic
suspect that the indulgence of this appetite may have
expressed it, is seen in the latest play of the popu-
shortened his days.
lar German playwright, Herr Hauptmann. His
THE FOREIGNER'S OPINION OF ENGLISH SPELLING “Griselda," as reports from Berlin describe it,
may not be exactly what the native imagines it to
appears to be a violent departure from tradition.
be. Professor Albert Schinz of Bryn Mawr, whose Boccaccio and Chaucer and all the other countless
mother tongue is French, and whose practical chroniclers of the heart-rending history of the patient
acquaintance with our language is of recent date, Griselda would certainly be astonished to behold
contributes a noteworthy article to “The North what the German writer has made of her. There
American Review" on the prospects of English as a comes upon the stage, not the meek, long-suffering,
world-language. Our spelling reformers have urged beautiful and virtuous wife of the old story, but a
,
the need of simplified spelling if other nations are loud-voiced, muscnlar, short-waisted, square-framed,
ever to accept English as the international speech. raw-boned, and hard-fisted peasant Mädchen, ever
But Professor Schinz declares our spelling to be no ready with the weapons wherewith nature has
source of trouble to the foreigner; it is our pro equipped her, and even resorting in extremity to
nunciation that chiefly worries him, and this is such handy accessories as knives and buckets of
simply incapable of phonetic representation with water. Her vituperative explosion, “ Du bist ein
our alphabet. If, he says, the spelling reform move- Schweinhund,” to her lover, is the acme of un-
ment “proposes to make English more acceptable Griselda-like language. One critic has suggested
-
to strangers as an international language, it is en- that an allegory is intended, and that this belligerent
tirely mistaken and had better stop its campaign at Griselda is meant as an impersonation of Germany
once.” A final word of good sense is uttered on the asserting herself after a period of comparative subor-
undesirability of letting any one language suffer the dination and tarnished repute among the European
flattening and de-individualizing that must result powers. Here is food for English fancy and pos-
from its adaptation to universal use. Thus do there sible cause for wild alarm in Albion.
seem to be more reasons than a few why English
should continue to be uncompromisingly itself, with MRS. JULIA WARD HOWE AT NINETY may well
all its written and spoken marks of sturdy individ-
be accounted the pride and joy of literary Boston-
uality.
if not of unliterary Boston (if such there be) as well.
THE HANDWRITING OF CULTURE, or at least the The day that saw her entrance upon the last decade
handwriting of persons who write much, tends for of a full century brought her more than her usual
some reason toward the perpendicular. The pen- number of birthday tributes and honors, and closed
manship of men of letters in more recent times has with a family dinner party, at which, besides her
generally been small, compact, and approaching the son and daughters, a good number of grandchildren
upright. Thackeray, Leslie Stephen, Longfellow, and seven great-grandchildren were present and
Holmes, Eugene Field, all wrote the small, vertical | joined in the demolition of twenty or more birth-
.


1909.]
393
THE DIAL
day cakes that had arrived during the day - cake turies from Greek monasteries, and at first stacked
enough, in fact, to enable the recipient to accomplish away in the library of the old seraglio, are soon
the impossible feat proverbially associated with that likely to find more appreciative readers than the
particular edible. Mrs. Howe's long survival of her women of the harem. The new Sultan, Rechad
famous husband, who died a third of a century ago Effendi, otherwise Mohammed the Fifth, is said to
at the age of seventy-five, combines with her own be a book-lover, somewhat of a poet, and not with-
marked and gifted personality to render her fame out liberal ideas. His Turkish translation of a
a thing quite apart from his. Eight years ago we volume of Persian poems is commended by connois-
were celebrating the centennial of Dr. Howe's birth. seurs as a meritorious piece of work. It is to be
It is by no means wild or extravagant to cherish hoped that as soon as he and his family get well
now an increasing hope that Mrs. Howe may herself settled after their spring moving, he will open his
be with us to join in the celebration of her hundredth library doors, and open them wide.
birthday in 1919.
THE CIPHER MICROBE works fearful havoc with
common-sense when it once gets into the brain.
COMMUNICATIONS.
The patient sees ciphers everywhere, and every
page of print becomes a puzzle in acrostics. Mr. THEODORE ROOSEVELT AND THOMAS PAINE.
W. S. Booth's late astonishing performance, “Some
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
Acrostic Signatures of Francis Bacon," might be Replying to the letter signed“ Inquirer,” in your
taken for either the jeu d'esprit of a wag or the issue of June 1, I regret to state that it is only too true
insane utterance of a monomaniac, were it not that
that Theodore Roosevelt, in a work intended to pass
the author is regarded by his friends as a rational
for authentic biography, did apply to Thomas Paine the
being writing in a serious mood. If anyone has
triply false description cited by your correspondent,
which called out the just reprehension of the London
the curiosity to make the experiment, he will be
“ Nation” as quoted. The expression occurs in the
surprised to discover how easily, by the Boothian
biography of Gouverneur Morris. I have not the book
mode of procedure, acrostic signatures, whether of at hand, and hence cannot give the chapter or page; but
Bacon or of Booth or of anyone else, can be ciphered it will be readily found, as forming an extraordinary
out in any piece of prose or verse, even in the col- feature of the excuse given for Morris's failure to
umns of his daily newspaper.
We do not need, interfere on Paine's behalf, when the latter was impris-
though it is reassuring enough to have it, Dr. Rolfe's
oned in France, and menaced with death. It is still
verdict that the Booth “discoveries " are not likely
more unfortunately true that Mr. Roosevelt's attention
has been called to his error, but that he has failed to
to prove any more significant than “the foolery of
find time for the re-examination which he had promised;
Donnelly and the other cipherers."
and the gross misrepresentation forms part of the latest
editions of the biography. During the closing months
A STAGE CENSORSHIP BY REPUTABLE ACTORS is a of Mr. Roosevelt's presidential term, he refused even
suggestion that has in it both novelty and promise. to see Mr. M. M. Mangasarian, the well-known Liberal
Such a plan is announced as under contemplation by lecturer of Chicago, who made a trip to Washington
the Chicago branch of the Actors' Church Alliance, for the express purpose of laying the detailed facts before
a body that includes not only members of the the-
Mr. Roosevelt and offering him an opportunity to honor
atrical profession, but also ministers and laymen
himself by making this centennial year of Paine's death
an occasion of performing an act of tardy justice to his
interested in raising the standard of the acted drama.
memory.
It is proposed to institute, as a permanent function
The enormous national ingratitude to Paine stands
of this branch of the Alliance, a discussion of all recorded as one of the most serious blemishes in the
modern plays presented in Chicago, with special history of the Republic; but the false picture created
reference to their moral character and their influ- in the public mind by a most discreditable theologicum
ence on society. This is a movement for reform odium has begun to give place to a true appreciation of
from within the only real reform – which is of the inestimable services rendered to American liberty by
good augury. The inevitable notoriety and malo- the Author-Hero of the Revolution. The now classic
dorous success given to objectionable plays by loud biography of Paine by the late Moncure D. Conway dealt
the final death-blow to the anti-Paine myth.
and public denunciation from without may be at
JAMES F. MORTON, JR.
least partly avoided by quiet and intelligent action
New York, June 5, 1909.
on the part of conscientious players themselves.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
ABDUL HAMID THE BOOK-COLLECTOR having re®
In reference to the inquiry of a correspondent in the
tired (reluctantly) from the business of misgoverning Roosevelt's responsibility for a term of rank opprobrium
issue of your journal for June 1 (p. 360) as to Mr.
Turkey, his fine assortment of Oriental books and applied to Thomas Paine, as charged and severely rebuked
manuscripts at the Yildiz Kiosk will now probably by the London “ Nation,” I beg to submit the following;
be made less inaccessible to students and to other
It would be pleasant to believe that Mr. Roosevelt did
interested visitors. Literary treasures gathered not refer to Thomas Paine as a “ filthy little atheist.”
during the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth cen- It seems incredible that the man who has sounded from
-
9


394
[June 16,
THE DIAL
own.
66
the housetop the tocsin of a “Square Deal” could be lutely false statement,” and point out that the matter
guilty of so great an injustice, or could lower himself to was “ debated in the Senate on several occasions.” It
the use of billingsgate in a supposedly serious literary was perfectly evident from the context that my statement
production. Unfortunately for Mr. Roosevelt's reputa- had reference not to discussions in the Senate, but to
tion, however, there can be no doubt as to his responsi- consideration in the conferences and at the Congressional
bility for the vile and absolutely false epithet which he hearings. The law of 1891 was brought into shape after
bestowed upon one of the truest patriots of all time. conferences and hearings before the Congressional Com-
Mr. Roosevelt's attack upon Thomas Paine will be mittees, which had gone on during a term of nearly five
found in Chapter X. of his life of Gouverneur Morris, years. I speak with personal knowledge when I state
in the American Statesmen series, edited by Mr. John that at no time during these conferences, or at any one
T. Morse and published by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin of the hearings before the Committees of Congress at
& Co. As he uses the words “filthy little atheist " with- which those having a right to be heard on the subject of
out quotation marks, he evidently claims them as his copyright were asked to present information for the guid-
I append the interesting passage in which the ance of the members, was any suggestion brought up for
words occur. Mr. Roosevelt is speaking of Paris at the the undermining of the well-accepted principle of the
time of the Jacobin uprising, when Morris was American American Copyright law in regard to the “ absolute con-
Minister to France.
trol” being conceded to the owner of the copyright. This
One man had a very narrow escape. This was Thomas proposition for a practically unrestricted importation of
Paine, the Englishman, who had at one period rendered such copyrighted books was first brought up in the Senate after
a striking service to the cause of American independence, the conferences and hearings had been closed, and without
while the rest of his life had been as ignoble as it was varied, any opportunity being given to those having knowledge
He had been elected to the Convention, and, having sided
of the subject for making clear to the Senators the neces-
with the Gironde, was thrown into prison by the Jacobins.
He at once asked Morris to demand him as an American
sary result of such a material change in the Copyright
statutes. A similar course of action was taken in the
citizen; a title to which he of course had no claim. Morris
refused to interfere too actively, judging rightly that Paine
final shaping of the statute that has just been enacted,
would be saved by his own insignificance, and would serve his
several important provisions in which were materially
own interests best by keeping still. So the filthy little atheist modified after all the hearings had been terminated, and
had to stay in prison, where he amused himself with pub- when it was supposed that the bill, as brought into print
lishing a pamphlet against Jesus Christ.' There are infidels
at the close of the hearings, represented a final consensus
and infidels; Paine belonged to the variety-whereof America
of opinion on the essential matters that had been in
possesses at present one or two shining examples—that appar-
controversy.
ently esteems a bladder of dirty water as the proper weapon
with which to assail Christainity.” (Roosevelt's life of
Your correspondents contend further that my state-
Gouverneur Morris, p. 288–9.)
ment that the Copyright law of Great Britain secures
FREDERIC M. Woon. for the owner of the copyright and for his assigns any
Cleveland, Ohio, June 7, 1909.
such exclusive control of copyright, or authority to
prevent the importation of foreign editions of the books
so copyrighted, is “ absolutely unfounded.” I have for
THE IMPORTATION OF COPYRIGHTED BOOKS.
many years had some direct knowledge of and experi-
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
ence in the business of buying and selling books in Great
Owing to my absence in the country, I have only Britain for import and for export, an experience which
to-day had an opportunity of reading the communication is apparently not possessed by your correspondents. I
from Mr. Steiner and Mr. Cutter (representing the may point out to them that if they would undertake to
American Library Copyright League) printed in THE bring into Great Britain a Tauchnitz edition of an Eng-
DIAL of May 16, concerning the matter of the importa- lish book that was still under the protection of English
tion of copyrighted books - a communication written, as copyright, or a German edition of such copyrighted
the Librarians state, for the purpose of correcting certain English book, or a Tauchnitz edition of an American book
so-called “glaring misstatements" contained in a letter that had secured English copyright, or an American
of my own which was printed in The Dial of April 16. edition of an American book that had secured English
The main purpose of my letter was to point out a copyright, they would find that my statement was abso-
serious anomaly in our new Copyright statute in the lutely correct, and that the provisions of the existing
provision concerning the importation of copyrighted English statute do give exclusive control, which, as
,
books. The law undertakes to give to the author and pointed out, is an essential factor in a consistent and
to the author's assigns “exclusive control” over his pro- equitable Copyright law.
duction such control as is given under all the copyright In like manner, under the Copyright laws of the other
statutes of the world. Our law includes, however, certain states of Europe, the author possesses the absolute con-
provisions which practically do away with such control. trol of his production, and is placed in a position to
I pointed out that the clause in the law of 1891 con- assign to his selling agents, the publishers, the same con-
ceding to librarians, to associations, and to individuals the trol for such a territory as he may specify. In no other
privilege of importing, without reference to the permis- way, in fact, can the author secure for himself what the
sion of the owner of the American copyright, books that Copyright law proposes he shall secure namely, the
had secured American copyright, constituted a material fullest possible return for his labor.
change in the existing Copyright law of the United States It is in order, also, to correct the statement made
and made this law inconsistent with the Copyright laws by the Librarians on another matter, their reference to
of other countries.
which can only be described as disingenuous. They
I stated further that this provision was “ interpolated refer to the published price of the American edition of
into the Act during the last days of the Session,” and the “Cambridge History of English Literature
“ without any opportunity being afforded for considera- $2.50 per volume, and state that the English edition is
tion or discussion.” The Librarians call this “an abso- issued per volume at 7s. 6d. With the printed cata-
a
as


1909.]
395
THE DIAL
"
ease.
logues before them, they must certainly have known It should be noted that the setting of type by machin-
that the published price per volume of the English ery, and especially the processes by which it is manu-
edition is 9s., and that the price of 7s. 6d. is in force factured as it is set, have seriously injured type designs,
only for purchasers who place advance subscriptions for chiefly because of the abolishment of overhanging kerns
the entire set. They must also have known that while and the unnecessary disregard of the “set” of the
the published price per volume of the American issue letters; the one inevitable, and the other the result of
is $2.50, a proportionate reduction is given to subscrib- carelessness or ignorance. The flowing lines of the
ers for the complete set. They were further aware, of handsome letters of the time before the machines came
course, that the Libraries secure a reduction from the in are missing, and in their place we have an abbreviated
published price. Their statement, however, is worded and prim uprightness of certain letters that takes much
for the purpose of giving the impression that the Amer- from the beauty of the type.
ican price of the book is $2.50 as against an English There is something now being done in the direction of
price of 7s. 6d. They also fail to point out that the remedying the objectionable optical qualities of the
American edition of this work is printed in a more open ordinary types used for book printing, by some of the
and therefore more expensive- typography, and is bound better printers. The most notable example of this pro-
in a more substantial and costly form.
gressive work that has appeared in America is the
This disingenuous comparison of English and Amer- “Geofroy Tory” just from the skilful hands of Mr.
ican prices is, it seems to me, characteristic of the atti- Bruce Rogers. [This work is spoken of at some length
tude taken by certain American Librarians in regard to in another part of this issue of THE DIAL. - EDR.] The
American publishing undertakings which are of first type upon which this beautiful book is printed has been
importance for the literary interests of the community. re-designed by Mr. Rogers, who took the ordinary Cas-
I can but think that the Library Copyright Leaguelon for his base and has worked out a type which makes
might more accurately be entitled The League of (cer- words that are optical units, rather than collections of
tain) Librarians for the Undermining of Copyright. letters. Many of the letters have been re-designed, and
GEO. HAVEN PUTNAM. the “set” has been very carefully studied and adjusted.
Bedford St., Strand, London, June 2, 1909.
very much doubt if any committee of learned pro-
fessors could, through applying all the methods of cyco-
SOME NEEDED TYPOGRAPHICAL REFORMS.
logical research, produce or suggest a type better than
this in the essentials that promote easy reading and eye-
(To the Editor of The DIAL.)
The academic move of a printers' society toward
But the effects produced by Mr. Rogers are not
ascertaining some practical methods by which type may
possible in commercial book-making, unless we are to
be made more readable, noted in THE DIAL of May
return to hand-set type; and it is difficult to understand
16, is of a certain interest in itself, but more particu-
why this is not more commonly done, since there is no
larly because of that which it may suggest to those who
economy in machine-set type for good books made by
have considered the legibility of the printed
the good printers, and there is a very great advantage
from
page
the point of view of all the elements concerned. While
possible if hand-set type is intelligently used.
improvements in type-design may be possible, it is also
But granting that type for the ordinary books is
doubtless true that ease and pleasure in reading may
certain to be machine-set, the book page may easily be
be greatly increased without altering the present type-
made so much more closely in accord with the necessities
faces.
of the eyes that it will appear to be the product of the
The matter of the design of those letters which are
very reform for which this society of printers is appeal-
now deemed defective has engaged the study of the
ing. The optical qualities necessary for comfortable
designers attached to the type foundries, and of those
reading, and the conservation of the powers of the eyes,
independent artists who occasionally make type faces, as
do not largely depend upon the design of the type, but
well as the expert printers and critics of printing, for
upon the method of the use of the type, the length of
many years. The progressive founders are constantly the lines, the proportions of the type-page, the margins,
experimenting with designs that are offered to overcome
the tone of the print, and the general arrangement of the
the objections to some of the Roman letters, and large
book. The paper, and all of the processes of printing,
sums of money are annually expended in perfecting
have also their influence upon the eyes. If all of these
these suggested designs, cutting matrices, and getting
considerations are given due attention by the skilled
expert opinions. There is never a time when there are
printer, there will be little complaint of the design of
not from one to a dozen of these experimental fonts of
the type face. If in addition the printer would use
type, in some stage of making, on the desk of the enter-
some of the faces of type which were more or less in
prising foundry manager, out of which there comes no
vogue before the machines came in — like the Riverside
more than one per cent of possibilities. Some of the
faces for a modern Roman, or the original Caslon for an
letters mentioned by you have been the objects of con-
old-style Roman there would also be handsome book
tinuous study during many years past, as the
pages, which would be nearly exempt from criticism,
the
a, e,
the i, the s, the o, and others. By the way, the dot over
and we should hear less about the necessity of making
the i is on a level with the letter l, in all ordinary fonts
over our letters. And if they are made over, it is
of reading type, as in the note you print; but this same
reasonably certain that the recommended forms will
dot is a worry to designers, and is often misplaced, be-
not run on the machines; and the state of our eyes then
cause its proper optical location is ignored in favor of
would be the very same as now.
putting it in perfect draftsmanship relations with the What book-making needs is knowledge of how to
other parts of the letter. The scientists will find it
use the type faces we have, with the machines, rather
difficult to add to the knowledge of the type-designers,
than an attempt to force a reform that is foredoomed to
failure.
though the designers will welcome the investigation
GEORGE FRENCH.
suggested.
New York, June 3, 1909.


396
[June 16,
THE DIAL
:
a
man, a retired president of Harvard; and by the text-
The New Books.
books which my brother Charles bought for his own
studies. . . . Dr. Langdon and Parson Abbot, his suc-
cessor, were the nearest neighbors of my ancestors from
CONCORD MEMORIES, AND OTHER PAGES
1780, when Dr. Langdon indignantly withdrew from his
FROM THE PAST.*
insulted presidency, until 1827, when Mr. Abbot retired
Mr. Sanborn, the last of the famous company
to his hill-farm in Windham, twenty miles inland. In
that has made Concord illustrious in the world
this half-century (almost) the foundation of a reading
and studious community was laid in my native township;
of intellect and ideals, speaks of himself as
both these clergymen being learned scholars, fond of
belonging now " to a small and fast-dwindling disseminating culture among their parishioners. Both
band of men and women who, fifty, sixty and founded local libraries — Dr. Langdon of Latin, Greek
seventy years ago, resolved that other persons
and historical folios, quartos, octavos, and pamphlets;
and Parson Abbot a 'social' lending library wholly in
ought to be as free as ourselves.' Of this
English, and more popular in its quality. Both were
liberty-loving band John Brown is naturally customarily kept in the Parsonage, and were open to
named as the leader and hero; and to John me, a schoolmate of the sons of successive parsons, and
Brown and his labors and sacrifices in the cause
their playmate on the little triangular common where
the Exeter road, Hampton old-road and Kensington
of negro emancipation much of the first of
crossroad came together."
Mr. Sanborn's two volumes of “ Recollections of
Plutarch's “Lives," in Langhorne's trans-
Seventy Years” is devoted, while the second
lation, the boy read before he was eight years
volume is filled chiefly with intimate reminis-
cences of those Concord celebrities about whom old, and most of the other few hundred books
we are never tired of hearing. In one import- shareholder, had been gone through when, at the
in the Social Library, of which his father was a
ant respect the author has failed to write up to
his title: he has come to a halt at the end of his
age of fourteen, he began on the weightier con-
tents of the other library. Greek grammar,
first forty years, with but little reference to later
incidents, leaving the reader to hope that the indeed, he had already taken up three years
remaining thirty (or, more accurately, thirty-
earlier ; and when he resumed the study of the
eight) years may furnish motive and material language, more vigorously, at fifteen, it was
for subsequent volumes.
never to drop it again. Mr Sanborn's friends
can bear witness to his continued pursuit of
In reviewing Mr. Sanborn's book, one cannot
Greek literature and his rare appreciation of
do better than follow his own example in such
work.
its beauties.
As editor of the Boston “ Common-
After Mr. Sanborn's three years at Harvard,
wealth " forty-six years ago, and later one of the
editorial staff of the Springfield “ Republican,'
where he entered the sophomore class in 1852,
,
to which journal he still contributes a weekly natural affinity and an opening in the teacher's
“ Boston Literary Letter," he has written profession drew him to Concord. He begins
innumerable book-notices; and in these he has
this chapter of his life with some significant
adopted a practice, which he commends, of treat-
remarks on the literary inspiration of the town
ing the reader to ample quotations, when space lege days, and confesses himself more indebted
as compared with that of Cambridge in his col-
and time will allow." For he well recalls, he
tells us, the keen pleasure he himself found as
to Concord than to Cambridge for his training.
“With all respect for Harvard College, as it was
a young man in such quoted passages, while the
when I was matriculated a student there in 1852, it
criticism passed unheeded by. First, then, a must be said that I owed more to several other persons
word from his own pen concerning his early than to any of the college Faculty, and more to Emer-
education. Like many of the best-educated son and Theodore Parker than to all the professors and
men, he was largely self-taught. Speaking of
tutors together. Yet the undergraduate or academic
the house where he was born in 1831, at Hamp-
department, though containing less than 400 students,
was, in my deliberate judgment, as well equipped then
ton Falls, N. H., and of the large room “where for producing the results of high scholarship, general
in winter we dined, and where I studied Latin, culture, and practical efficiency in the tasks of American
French, Greek, and German, before I ever
life, as it is to-day, with its thousands of students,
thought of going to Harvard College,” he
millions of endowment, and ten instructors where there
were but two in my college days. The professional
continues :
schools are greatly improved, the post-graduate facil-
“ The facilities for so many languages were furnished ities are multiplied by ten or more, the football, base-
by what remained of the church library for the use of ball, boat-racing and theatrical departments are far
the ministry,' given by Dr. Langdon, the parish clergy- more active, productive and expensive; but the homely,
* RECOLLECTIONS OF SEVENTY YEARS. By F. B. Sanborn of
solitary, fraternal and personal influences of the small
Concord. In two volumes. Illustrated. Boston: Richard G.
college are mostly things of the past. In all its history,
Badger.
and with all its advantages, Harvard has usually lagged
66


1909.]
397
THE DIAL
>
in the rear of the highest culture; it does so still, amid rather than spiritual solace, the exile formed the
the wealth of its foundations and the multiplicity of its
acquaintance of a young priest at the Jesuit
opportunities."
College in Quebec and spent hours reading in
No account of Mr. Sanborn's book would be
the library of which the priest was custodian,
complete without some reference to his intimate
making there, as he tells us, “ the reading
connection with and unstinted admiration for
acquaintance of Lucan's Pharsalia' and the
the champion of a free Kansas and the hero quaint biographies of Izaak Walton and Mrs.
and martyr of Harper's Ferry. Though only
Colonel Hutchinson."
for a few years associated in a common cause
In the pages of the second volume, Emerson
with John Brown, he declares himself better
and Thoreau and Ellery Channing (the poet)
acquainted with him than with many men whom
he has known a lifetime. Hence a few lines of impression concerning Emerson as a church-
figure most conspicuously. Correcting a false
.
characterization from his pen will here be well
goer after he ceased to be a minister, Mr.
worth while.
Sanborn writes :
“ John Brown, though born in New England, and
“I saw in the reported address of President Eliot at
strongly marked with the New England seriousness of
the Boston Centenary of Emerson, a singular statement:
mood, had spent most of his half-century in new and
• Emerson attended church on Sundays all his life with
wild regions, intimate with nature, and directing other
uncommon regularity. A regularity which kept him
men rather than guided or trained by them. He was
away from the Sunday services ten years at a time
profound in his thinking, and had formed his opinions
would certainly be called “uncommon,' and such was his
rather by observation than by reading, though well
versed in a few books, chief among which was the Bible.
habit during the first twenty years that I knew him,
from 1853 to 1873. I had reason to know his practice,
He was, in truth, a Calvinist Puritan, born a century or
for a considerable part of that time I often sat in Mrs.
two after the fashion had changed; but as ready as those
of Bradford's or Cromwell's time had been to engage in
Emerson's pew, or, if not, at a point where I saw all
its occupants; and though I may once or twice have
any work of the Lord to which he felt himself called."
seen Emerson in it, the occasions must have been very
Acting as secretary of the Massachusetts few. He afterward took up, in old age, the practice of
Kansas Committee, Mr. Sanborn travelled ex- his earlier life, and sat there with his wife and daughter,
tensively in the Middle West, which was then
but for many years he was only seen at church rarely."
the Far West, and he has given in detail a first-
We are apt to think of the Concord worthies
hand account of the tempestuous beginnings of
of fifty years ago as wearing halos or laurel
the Kansas commonwealth. The trouble that crowns, o at least as walking in a sort of glorified
he became involved in with the powers at nimbus, in the view of their less exalted fellow-
Washington, his attempted arrest, and his flight
townsmen. But this now appears not to have
to Canada and other expedients to preserve his
been the case, if we may credit the following:
freedom and to avoid implicating his associates,
• It is a singular fact, on which I have much medi-
are fully related in his first volume. The hing- tated, that in Concord, for most of the years that the
great coterie of authors who now reflect credit on the
ing of one momentous event on another in the
little town, were living there and associating with one
author's life is strikingly shown at several another, the general community had small regard for
points. For instance, the legal aid and advice any of them except Emerson. His claims were more
which John A. Andrew gave to his Concord intelligible to the ordinary citizen than those of Alcott,
friend when the latter was in some apprehension four, when I first lived in Concord, were regarded as
or Thoreau, or Hawthorne, or Channing. All these
of serious trouble from Washington led to Mr. oddities, and as more or less reprehensible in their
Sanborn's helping to nominate Andrew for gov- eccentricity. Alcott's poverty, Hawthorne's unpopular
ernor; and Andrew's election and repeated politics, Thoreau's unsparing criticism, and Channing's
re-election enabled him to offer the secretaryship caprice increased the dislike which was felt by the
of the newly created Board of State Charities to
fancied leaders of the community. It is true they had
peculiarities that might excuse the disregard felt for
the ex-secretary of the Kansas Committee, an them by those who had not insight enough for their
office that Mr. Sanborn accepted and in which higher traits; but the men and women of education
he rendered notable service, although this de-
should have perceived, as a few of them did, the real
eminence of the four, each in his own way."
partment of his varied activities receives no
further mention in the present volumes.
A rapid sketch of the sturdy Thoreau must
A brief reference to Mr. Sanborn's manner
here find room for insertion. What a contrast
of passing the time during his enforced absence
between his temperament and opinions and those
from home is illuminating. With enough of
of the late lamented John Davidson, for example!
“How did Thoreau bear himself in the hourly give-
uncertainty and unpleasantness in his situation
and-take of our village life? To what daily habits did
to make many a man walk the streets or smoke
his philosophy lead him ? In the first place, he was
unnumbered cigars, or perhaps seek spirituous scrupulously honest and diligent — no citizen in the
66
>


398
(June 16,
THE DIAL
plainest way of life was more industrious, or less dis- has a widespread interest and should appeal
posed to avoid his chosen duties. He even preferred to
to the general public. In limiting his work to
support himself for years by manual labor, because he
thought this form of industry left him more leisure fo
opera, Mr. Krehbiel has wisely discriminated.
thought, which, with him, was the real business of life. He might have covered a wider area of subject;
Writing to Horace Greeley in May, 1848, he said that for, as a musician, musical critic, and musical
for five years past he had lived by the labor of his hands, writer, he has been closely in touch all these
not getting a cent from any other quarter. In this work,
years with musical undertakings of every
he estimated, only a month in each year had been used;
the rest of the time he had for his own occupations and
kind. Perhaps he recognized that while New
studies, and he thought few men of letters had so much York City is an operatic centre it is not strictly
leisure. He even railed at those scholars who complain a musical centre. Other cities do not look to it
that their fate is hard because they get little money,-
for anything but operatic supply. Until that
who depend on patrons and starve in garrets, or at last
go mad and die
. Why should not the scholar, he said, if city has a permanent orchestra in its own home,
he is really wiser than the multitude, do rude work now
permanently organized, conducted, housed, and
and then ? To such work Thoreau had been brought pensioned, worthy to rank in the same class
up, and he hardly ceased from it, so long as his physical with the Theodore Thomas or Boston Symphony
strength lasted.”
organizations, it can hardly lay claim to being
In a letter written in 1850 by the young the musical centre of the country. At present
woman who afterward became Mr. Sanborn's
it has only its Philharmonic Society, with a
first wife, there occurs this sentence concerning three years' permanency under the leadership
“F. S., the young poet, whom the writer had of the excellent Mahler, and guaranteed that
just met for the first time: “ There was a charm length of time only through the persevering
“
about everything he said, because he has thought efforts of one lady. New York has never cared
more wholly for himself than anyone I ever met.' much for the orchestra which is the essential
This known independence of Mr. Sanborn's in basis of all musical success. It does, however,
matters of opinion, marks his book from begin-
care very much for opera, because it is the
ning to end. There is nothing of second-hand centre of wealth and fashion, and opera depends
or imitation in it; and this strong character of for its success mainly upon these factors.
the work, with its flavor of Concord idealism
Whatever may have been his motive, Mr.
and transcendentalism, constitutes its charm. It
Krehbiel has chosen the lyric drama for his
is a noteworthy piece of autobiography, and we
subject, and he has given the public the most
hope it will be continued and completed. The complete history of it which has yet been writ-
many portraits and other illustrations deserve, ten, beginning with the introduction of Italian
too, a word of commendation, as does also the
opera by the Garcias, of English opera by
full index at the end. PERCY F. BICKNELL. Malibran, and of the ballad operas, of which
“ The Beggars' Opera " is a conspicuous exam-
ple, and closing with the season of 1908 in the
Metropolitan Opera House. Indeed, the author's
CHAPTERS OF AMERICAN OPERA.*
personal acquaintance with operatic history is
Mr. William Winter, the veteran dramatic largely confined to the artists, managers, and
critic of the New York “ Tribune,” has recently repertories of that house.
given the public his reminiscences of the Amer- As in every book which Mr. Krehbiel has
ican dramatic stage during the past fifty years. given the public, he writes with knowledge and
Following closely in his footsteps, Mr. Henry E. authority.
authority. He has had a wide acquaintance
Krehbiel, musical critic of the same paper for with artists, has enjoyed the confidence of man-
thirty years, has given the public his reminis- agers, and has had ample official resources to
cences of opera in New York, beginning with draw upon ; so that on the one hand he has pre-
the earliest local history of the lyric drama and sented.a trustworthy narrative, and on the other
coming down to the present time. The work has embellished it with intelligent criticism and
mainly has reference to New York City; but as pleasant reminiscence.
pleasant reminiscence. Any history of this
any review of operatio history there includes in kind must have its dry spots; but he amply com-
large degree operatic history in all our large pensates for them by the personal note always
cities, Mr. Krehbiel's book “ Chapters of Opera” pleasantly sounded, and by a quiet humor which
illuminates many a page of his text. Thus he
CHAPTERS OF OPERA. Being Historical and Critical Obser-
vations and Records Concerning the Lyric Drama in New York,
has made a book which is not only a valuable
from its earliest days down to the present time. By Henry
Edward Krehbiel. With over seventy illustrations. New York:
and interesting compendium, but delightful to
Henry Holt & Co.
read. Mr. Krehbiel's style is usually dignified


1909.]
399
THE DIAL
a
and earnest, as of one having authority; but in be recognized, in fact, as scarcely more than
the “ Chapters of Opera” he frequently unbends superficial.
and descends from the critical - Tribune” to Mr. Thompson's introductory assertion, that
gossip, pleasantly and chat with his readers.
in the present day Shelley has no lineal descend-
In a word, Mr. Krehbiel has given us an ant in the poetical order, is one not likely to be
authoritative, exact, and comprehensive history gainsaid ; nor, according to his prediction, are
of opera in New York, which means a history we likely to have one, since a poet abound-
of opera in this country. It is quite profusely ingly spontaneous, like Shelley, could hardly
illustrated with cuts of the earlier opera
houses flourish in a self-conscious age like our own.
and artists and reproductions of excellent pho- An age that is ceasing to produce child-like
graphs of artists still upon the stage.
children cannot produce a Shelley. For, both
GEORGE P. UPTON. as man and as poet, he was essentially a child -
a word defined by Mr. Thompson in the follow-
ing glowing fashion :
“ Know you what is to be a child ? It is to be some-
SHELLEY THE “ENCHANTED CHILD."*
thing very different from the man of to-day. It is to
On the death of Francis Thompson, in Novem-
have a spirit yet streaming from the waters of baptism;
ber of 1907, the world recognized that it had
it is to believe in love, to believe in loveliness, to believe
in belief; it is to be so little that the elves can reach
lost a poet great and unusual as to quality,
to whisper in your ear; it is to turn pumpkins into
though of scant production as to quantity. That coaches, and mice into horses, lowness into loftiness,
Mr. Thompson was also a charming prose-writer and nothing into everything, for each child has its fairy
was little known and scarcely mentioned. To godmother in its own soul; it is to live in a nutshell and
to count yourself the king of infinite space; it is
add this to his preceding honors is left for us,
To see a world in a grain of sand,
the readers of his essay on Shelley, first pub-
And a heaven in a wild flower,
lished last fall in the “ Dublin Review," and
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour;
now issued separately as a small volume, with
an Introduction by the Right Honorable George life, nor petition that it be commuted into death.
it is to know not as yet that you are under sentence of
Wyndham.
To the last, in a degree uncommon among poets, Shelley
The manuscript of this essay was found among retained the idiosyncrasy of childhood, expanded and
the poet's papers after his death. It had been matured without differentiation. To the last he was
written nearly twenty years before, but being
the enchanted child.”
rejected by the editor of the Dublin Review” This doctrine of the 6 enchanted child ” ap-
was thrown aside by its discouraged author to lie plied to Shelley is the main thesis of the essay,
until found by his literary executor after his the one which Mr. Thompson continually reiter-
death. A lapse of twenty years having brought ates and to which he returns at every point. Not
about a change of editors to the magazine as well only was Shelley child-like by nature, but this
as fame to Mr. Thompson, the review for which disposition was fostered by his early and long
it was originally intended was only too glad to isolation among his fellows. The persecution
print it; to this editor, and to Mr. Wilfrid which overclouded his school-days is hardly ex-
Meynell, Mr. Thompson's literary executor, are aggerated in the picture given in “ The Revolt
we indebted for the recovery from oblivion of a of Islam.” Escaping bodily violence for the
manuscript worthy a place among English prose most part, he was the victim of the most ter-
masterpieces.
rible weapon that boys have against their fellow-
From this point of view — as a brilliant, boy, who is powerless to shun it because, unlike
,
picturesque, glowing tribute from one poet to the man, he has virtually no privacy. He was
another and greater one to whom he was not
a little St. Sebastian, sinking under the inces-
little akin in spirit — praise of the essay can
sant flight of shafts which skilfully avoid the
hardly be too great. The reviewer need do little vital parts.
more than present copious extracts in proof. But The magnified child " is again shown in his
if it is to be regarded as an addition to Shelley- fondness for apparently futile amusements, such
criticism, if Thompson is to be entered in the list as the sailing of paper-boats. This was not
of leading Shelley critics with Stopford Brooke, childish, not a mindless triviality, though it was
Garnett, Forman, Symonds, and others, then child-like; it showed the genuine child's
power
of
the essay must take much lower rank, must investing little things with imaginative interest.
Even as a philosopher, Shelley was a child,
firmly expecting spiritual rest from each new
>
66
SHELLEY. By Francis Thompson.
Scribner's Sons.
New York: Charles


400
[June 16,
THE DIAL
divinity, though it had found none from the to Neæra is that of heartless gallantry or of love. So
divinities antecedent.” The reserve and deli- you may toy with imagery in mere intellectual ingenuity,
cacy with which Mr. Thompson disposes of this
and then you might as well go write acrostics; or you
may toy with it in raptures and then you may write a
stumbling-block in the path of many of Shelley's • Sensitive Plant.' In fact, the Metaphysical poets when
devotees are admirable, his conclusion being that they went astray cannot be said to have done anything
certain episodes in Shelley's life were due to “no so dainty as is implied by toying with imagery. They
mere straying of the sensual appetite, but a
cut it into shapes with a pair of scissors. From all such
straying, strange and deplorable, of the spirit”; danger Shelley was saved by his passionate spontaneity;
no trappings are too splendid for the swift steeds of sun-
that " he left a woman not because he was tired rise. His sword-hilt may be rough with jewels, but it is
of her arms, but because he was tired of her the hilt of an Excalibur. His thoughts scorch through
soul.” And he pays this beautiful tribute to all the folds of expression. His cloth of gold bursts at
the flexures, and shows the naked poetry.'
Mary Shelley : “Few poets were so mated be-
:
fore, and no poet was so mated afterwards until In estimating individual poems, Mr. Thompson
Browning stooped and picked up a fair-coined
calls the “ Prometheus Unbound" the “ most
soul that lay rusting in a pool of tears.” comprehensive storehouse of Shelley's power ";
Child-like also, because so irrational, was
" Adonais “the most perfect of his longer
Shelley's unhappiness and discontent with life. efforts ”; the lyrics and shorter poems the most
The pity due to his outward circumstances has
“ absolute virgin-gold of song."
been strangely exaggerated. Poverty never In conclusion, Mr. Thompson asks the oft-
dictated to his pen; the designs on his bright propounded question why it is that the poets
imagination were never etched by the sharp most "
most “ skyey" in grain have ever the saddest
fumes of necessity; as compared with Keats, lives.
Coleridge, and De Quincey, his was a highly “ Is it that (by some subtile mystery of analogy) sor-
favored lot.
row, passion and fantasy are indissolubly connected, like
Coming to Shelley's poetry, we peep over the
water, fire and cloud; that as from sun and dew are born
the vapours, so from fire and tears ascend the visions
wild mask of revolutionary metaphysics and of aërial joy’; that the harvest waves richest over the
again we see the winsome face of the child.
battlefields of the soul; that the heart, like the earth,
“ The Cloud,” most typically Shelleyan of all smells sweetest after rain; that the spell on which depend
the poems, is “the child's faculty of make- such necromantic castles is some spirit of pain, charm-
believe raised to the nth power.
poisoned at their base ? . . . Less tragic in its merely
temporal aspect than the life of Keats or Coleridge, the
“ He is still at play, save only that his play is such as life of Shelley in its moral aspect is, perhaps, more
manhood stops to watch, and his playthings are those tragical than that of either; his dying seems a myth, a
which the gods give their children. The universe is his
figure of his living; the material shipwreck a figure of
box of toys. He dabbles his fingers in the day-fall. the immaterial.
He is gold-dusty with tumbling amidst the stars. He
“ Enchanted child, born into a world unchildlike;
makes bright mischief with the moon. The meteors
spoiled darling of Nature, playmate of her elemental
nuzzle their noses in his hand. He teases into growl-
daughters; “pard-like spirit, beautiful and swift,' laired
ing the kennelled thunder, and laughs at the shaking of
amidst the burning fastnesses of his own fervid mind;
its fiery chain. He dances in and out of the gates of
bold foot along the verges of precipitous dream; light
heaven; its floor is littered with his broken fancies. He
leaper from crag to crag of inaccessible fancies; tower-
runs wild over the fields of ether. He chases the roll-
ing Genius, whose soul rose like a ladder between heaven
ing world. He gets between the feet of the horses of
and earth with the angels of song ascending and de-
the sun. He stands in the lap of patient Nature, and
scending it; – he is shrunken into the little vessel of
twines her loosened tresses after a hundred wilful
death, and sealed with the unshatterable seal of doom,
fashions, to see how she will look nicest in his song."
and cast down deep below the rolling tides of Time.
It was Shelley's childlike quality that assim- Mighty meat for little guests, when the heart of Shelley
,
ilated him to the childlike peoples among whom
was laid in the cemetery of Caius Cestius! Beauty,
mythologies have their rise. This made him
music, sweetness, tears — the mouth of the worm has
fed them all. Into that sacred bridal-gloom of death
in the truest sense a mythological poet, as in
where he holds his nuptials with eternity let not our
“ Prometheus Unbound a veritable poet of rash speculations follow him.”
nature, but not in the Wordsworthian sense. He
One lays down the little volume, stirred and
delighted in imagery, not merely as a means of
thrilled by the magic of words and images not
expression nor even as adornment, but in imagery unlike Shelley's own. But when emotion has
for its own sake. Shelley is what the Meta-cooled, the conviction arises and persists that
physical School of poetry tried to be.
at bottom Mr. Thompson's interpretation is
“ The Metaphysical School failed, not because it toyed lacking in real comprehension of the most essen-
with imagery, but because it toyed with it frostily. To
sport with the tangles of Neæra's hair may be trivial
tial parts of Shelley's nature. The “ enchanted
idleness or caressing tenderness, exactly as your relation child” theory is pretty, and true as far as it
a


1909.)
401
THE DIAL
>
goes, but it is too limited to satisfy those who on the Serchio,” “ Hellas.”
What Shelley's
have known and loved Shelley throughout a life- views were the
year
before his death we may get
time. Two things in Shelley were as deep in in two lines of “ The Boat on the Serchio:
him as his poetry : his passion for reforming the “ All rose to do the task He set to each,
world, and his essential faith in spiritual things. Who shaped us to His end and not our own.”
Both of these, Mr. Thompson either ignores or Throughout the whole of his mature work there
implicitly denies. Almost from his birth, is unassailable evidence that he believed in the
Shelley's chief characteristics were those of a existence of a God. Even as early as “ Laon
reformer. As a schoolboy at Eton, it was shown and Cythna,” he says in the “ Preface”: “ The
by his resistance of the atrocious fagging system erroneous and degrading idea which men have
then in full force ; at Oxford, it appeared in the conceived of a Supreme Being is spoken against,
form of intellectual revolt against church dogma, but not the Supreme Being itself.” Just as
causing his expulsion at the age of eighteen ; in Religion is above all creeds, dogmas, and theol-
the political field it manifested itself in his papers ogies whatsoever, so was Shelley's faith above
on Catholic Emancipation ; returning from his
those articles and doctrines that many accept in
Irish campaign, he struck out bravely for free place of Religion. Shelley believed in the
thought and free speech by attacking Lord Eternal Goodness, in the Eternal Truth, and in
Ellenborough, and then wrote “Queen Mab” the Eternal Love. In his
essay
« On Life
embodying his knight-errant spirit in verse. says: “ What is Love? Ask him who lives,
Especially does it seem inadequate to consider What is Life ? Ask him who adores, What is
“ Prometheus Unbound "mainly as a mytholog- God?”
ical poem. That its real subject is the redemp- For these reasons it must be said that this
tion of humanity, personified in the character of book about Shelley fails to take the same high
Prometheus - a redemption accomplished not place in criticism that it takes in mastery of
only through the uprooting of evil, but through English prose. Perchance Mr. Thompson's
the active force of good — is something which attitude as a Roman Catholic writing for a
to have been unsuspected by Mr. Roman Catholic publication kept him from
Thompson.
recognizing what has been so explicitly expressed
Another implication of the essay that cannot by an English clergyman (Stopford Brooke) :
pass without protest is that Shelley was lacking “ There are more clergymen and more religious
in religious faith. We shall have to grant that laymen than we imagine who trace to the emo-
in Shelley's early writing there are passages that tion awakened in them when they were young,
seem to justify such an implication, especially their wider and better views of God.” Without
a notable one in “Queen Mab” (Part VI.), in such recognition of Shelley's spiritual message
he
-
seems
which he calls Religion to account for being
the to his generation
and to our own, no criticism
a
>
guilty cause of all the evils in the world. But of him can be considered as really adequate.
read the passage carefully and you discover that
ANNA BENNESON MCMAHAN.
when he says Religion he really means Dogma.
And even if the passage were much more
damaging than it is, we should still say that it
is unfair to lay too much stress on the utterance
A MASTERPIECE OF TYPOGRAPHY.*
of a boy of eighteen. It is like dwelling upon The beautiful edition of Bernard's “ Geofroy
Shakespeare's boyish pranks, such as poaching Tory” which has been issued by the Riverside
and deer-stealing, and omitting to call attention Press is a book to delight the soul of the biblio-
to “Hamlet” or “ Lear.” We judge a man by phile. All the niceties that enter into the art
.
his man's work, not by his boy efforts. Shelley of bookmaking have been attended to with scru-
never published“Queen Mab” by his own wish; pulous care: As
many
of these are often over-
he printed privately 250 copies, distributing looked, even by zealous publishers, it may
be
them among his friends. After leaving En- worth while to mention some of them before
gland, when he heard it was to be published he passing to consideration of the text of the
wrote back and tried to stop it, saying he had volume.
forgotten what it was but had no doubt it was In the first place, the proportions of the page
“ villainous trash."
are most grateful to the eye. Why certain
If we want really to get at Shelley's ideas
* GEOFROY TORY, Painter and Engraver: First Royal Printer:
of the Unknowable we must take his maturer Reformer of Orthography and Typography under François I. An
account of his life and works, by Auguste Bernard, translated
work: “Prometheus,” “Adonais," "The Boat
by George B. Ives. Boston: The Riverside Press.
66


402
[June 16,
THE DIAL
66
66
proportional relations should be harmonic, and quently disturbing, especially when used at the
others not, is a question that has never been end of a line.
satisfactorily answered, though from times of A word needs to be said for the admirable
remote antiquity it has been the subject of philo- paragraphing and general typographical ar-
sophic inquiry. Efforts to reduce the matter rangement, and in particular for the even
to a mathematical formula, whether expressed spacing. This may seem a small matter to the
in terms of numerical ratios of the Pythagorean uninitiated, but it is in such things that the
scale, or based upon the division of quantities difference between ordinary and first-rate work-
by the so-called golden section, or upon the manship lies ; and the amount of time, trouble,
theory of musical chords, or of the consonance and thought necessary to secure the best results
of notes sounded in sequence, cannot be regarded are seldom appreciated by those who are without
as entirely satisfactory. Nevertheless the sensi- practical experience in the supervision of fine
tive eye recognizes a more subtle harmony in printing. The initiate, however, soon discovers
some proportions than in others. The page of the that the largely enhanced cost of the better work
volume before us is of a size-imperial octavo- is well earned.
that has had the approval of many generations Mr. Bernard's monograph, which has not
of book-lovers. Not only are its proportions heretofore appeared in an English translation,
pleasant to contemplate, but so also are those of was published originally in 1857, and was reis-
the type-page, which is designed and placed in sued in a revised and considerably enlarged form
accord with the requirements of the most exact- in 1865. It is a monument of accurate scholar-
ing taste, the margins—a most important feature ship and such minute and painstaking research
in a well-printed book - progressively increas- as amply to justify Mr. Alfred W. Pollard's
ing from back to head, fore-edge, and tail, the statement that in its second edition it is one of
outer margin being twice the width of the inner, the few books of which it can be said that they
the lower somewhat more than twice that of the a
are so weil done that no one has any excuse for
upper. Moreover, the diagonal of the type-page going over the ground again.” His desire that
coincides with that of the paper from the back at some French publisher would bring out a
the top to the fore-edge at the bottom ; a refine- new edition worthily illustrated, for in 1865
ment that means much more than is commonly the modern processes of illustration were not
apprehended, and is significant of the pains invented,” finds substantial if not precisely
bestowed upon every detail of the volume. literal fulfilment in the present volume.
Typographically, the book is of unusual dis- Tory's illustrated books are so rare, and, with
tinction. It is printed upon English hand-made the exception of the “ Royal Alphabet " which
paper of fine quality and agreeable texture, upon he designed for Robert Estienne, his engravings
which both the letter-press and the illustrations have been so seldom reproduced, that his name
appear to the best advantage. The press-work is not well known outside the circle of those
leaves nothing to be desired. The register is interested in the history of engraving and typog-
perfect, the impression uniform throughout, the raphy. Yet he occupies a distinguished place in
color everywhere even and full-toned. The type, that history, and was in his day a man highly
a revised Caslon designed by Mr. Bruce Rogers respected and of marked influence in more than
and used for the first time in this work, is of one direction. Born in Bourges about 1480,
exceptional beauty. By reintroducing some of of obscure middle-class parents, he managed in
the slight irregularities of the Renaissance types some way, probably by the aid of a patron, to
of the sixteenth century, the smug mechanical study at the University of his native town, and
appearance of most modern faces has been suc- then, early in the sixteenth century, to journey
cessfully avoided without sacrifice of legibility. to Italy to finish his education in Rome and
This is no small accomplishment. Mr. Rogers Bologna. Returning to France about 1504,
is to be congratulated upon having worked out he began his career by editing editions of the
a type of pronounced character, strong in its works of a number of Latin authors. Prob-
effect when seen as a page, yet free from un- ably through the influence of his friend Philibert
pleasant innovations and bizarre features save Babou, at that time valet de chambre to the
only the diagonal hyphen. This should be king, he was appointed regent, otherwise pro-
replaced in the font by one of different design. fessor of philosophy, at the College of Plessis.
It is
open to the objections that by carrying the Later he filled similar chairs at the College
eye off at an angle it interferes with easy read-Coqueret and the College of Bourgogne. While
ing, and that it is over-emphasized and conse- thus engaged in teaching he set about learning


1909.]
403
THE DIAL
>
drawing and engraving, became deeply inter- proportions of the human body, Tory included
ested in typography, and about 1516 gave up in this book a fantastic explanation of the
his professorship to make a second visit to Italy, derivation of the Latin letters from the goddess
this time to study classic and renaissance forms Io, claiming that they are all formed of I and O.
in preparation for what was to be his life work. This theory, rather than “ the number of points
,
For a time after his return to Paris, about and turns of the compass that each one requires,”
1518, Tory seems to have earned his living by was probably all that he held for “ his own,"
painting miniatures, but he soon devoted his though M. Bernard prefers to think otherwise.
entire attention to engraving on wood, at first Certain it is that Tory was neither the inventor
working for Simon de Colines and other printers. of the Latin letters nor the one who perfected
By 1525 he had become an engraver and book- their proportions. Nor does the honor belong
seller on his own account. The next year he to Simon Haieneuve, the Mans architect whose
became a printer also; and in 1531 he was delineation of them Tory extols. In Dürer's
appointed Printer Royal to François I., being “ Underweysung der Messung," published in
the first incumbent of that office which he held Nüremberg in 1525, the letters are given almost
until his death in 1533. In this brief period as in “Champ Fleury," the chief differences
Tory effected an almost complete revolution in being in the O, the axis of which the German
design for book ornamentation, supplanting the master slants at an angle of 45 degrees, while
mediæval styles then in vogue by ornaments Tory gives it only a slight inclination from the
based
upon the work of the artists of the Italian vertical; the G, of which the finish is given a
Renaissance. If to our eyes his decorative de height about half-way between Dürer's two
signs appear somewhat thin, dry, and common- variants ; and the K in which he follows Dürer's
place, it should be borne in mind that at the second and less favored drawing. But Dürer,
time he began to work the beautiful embellish-Sigismundi de Fantis, author of the “ Theorica
ments of the French Horæ, printed in the last et practica .. de modo Scribendi” (Venice
quarter of the fifteenth century, were things | 1514), and Fra Luca Paciola, author of the
of the past, and that in their stead most book “ Divina Proportione” (Venice 1509; the first
illustrations were of a sort chiefly of German printed book in which the alphabet is worked
inception, marked in general more by vigor than out geometrically), also commented upon by
by refinement or true artistic feeling.
Tory, were alike indebted to the Venetian master
To this decadent art Tory's forms were in Leonardo da Vinci. It speaks well for Tory's
strong contrast. They were also well suited perception of beauty of form that he should have
to their purpose and fitted excellently with the followed Leonardo so closely. How faithfully
types then in use. There is reason to believe he did this is shown by a manuscript analysis
that he designed and engraved types as well of the alphabet in the possession of Mr. Coella
as wood-cuts ; at least M. Bernard makes out a L. Ricketts of Chicago, done upon paper
which
strong case for that contention. Though Tory's is known to have been used only from 1477 to
engravings found a place in most of the illus- 1483, and which is probably the handiwork of
trated books of any importance printed in Paris Leonardo himself.
Leonardo himself. This manuscript, it may
during the second, third, and fourth decades of be said in passing, Mr. Ricketts contemplates
the sixteenth century, his most celebrated works publishing in facsimile.
were the illustrations and borders designed and The identification of Tory's designs is not free
engraved by him for his “ Books of Hours.” He from difficulty. Many known to be his are
is also famous as the author, illustrator, and signed with the double cross of Lorraine ; but
publisher of a book entitled “ Champ Fleury,' as this was used upon engravings which were not
an essay on the Latin alphabet, which he issued published until some years after his death,
in 1529. The purpose of this curious work was considerable difference of opinion exists as to
threefold ; in it he advocated the use of Roman whether it may be regarded as the mark of
letters in place of Gothic, urged the superiority Tory's workshop or that of the school of design
of the French language, and made several rec- of which he was the originator. M. Bernard
ommendations for the reformation of its orthog- holds to the former view, although he thinks
raphy, most of which as the use of the most of the works so signed were from Tory's
apostrophe in place of an elided letter, and of
own hand.
However, in the elaborate icon-
the cedilla to designate the soft c -- were gen- ography which forms more than half of his
erally adopted.
monograph, he gives a list of later engravings up-
Fascinated by the theories of Dürer on the on which the cross appears. These he considers


404
[June 16,
THE DIAL
as emanating from Tory's shop, which was con- reproductions however excellent they may be.
tinued after 1533, at first by his widow, and The bibliophile will prefer Mr. Rogers's crisp
later by Olivier Mallard. But M. Henri Bou- and sparkling renderings, and will linger caress-
chot found the same signature used upon the ingly over the pages of this beautiful volume,
engravings in “ L'Entrée du Roi à Paris ” in which is creditable in the highest degree to the
1549,- a book not mentioned by M. Bernard, author, the translator, the printer, and the pub-
,
and quite properly says that it cannot be taken lisher.
FREDERICK W. GOOKIN.
as a posthumous work of Tory, for these engrav-
ings had their origin at a particular date.
Possibly bearing upon this question is another
THE INDIVIDUALITY OF WALT WHITMAN.*
book not included in M. Bernard's list — the
“ Sapphicæ Horæ" of Petrus Busseronus, pub-
An interest deeper than usual accompanies
lished at Lyons by Jac. Huguetan, in 1538.
the appearance of a new volume in the English
This little volume, of which a copy, formerly in
Men of Letters Series — the volume on Walt
the collection of M. Yemeniz, and later in that
Whitman, by George R. Carpenter — an inter-
of Mr. Henry Probasco, is now in the Newberry est colored by sorrowful regret as the announce-
Library of Chicago, contains ten unsigned en-
ment of its author's death follows close
upon
the
gravings, copied from Tory's Hours of 1524, publication of the book. The loss to American
but re-drawn to a different scale and changed in
scholarship in the death of this conscientious and
various particulars though retaining the general broad-minded literary student is emphasized as
characteristics of Tory's style. From these it
one turns the
pages
of his admirable essay.
would appear that Tory was both copied and
The life of the poet is covered with a fine
imitated, a distinction that has always come to perception of illuminating details, the effect of
artists of originating force.
which is a portraiture rather more distinct in
Students would have welcomed a larger num-
outline than even that given us by Mr. Perry in
ber of reproductions of Tory's designs than are
his valuable study of Whitman published three
given in the Riverside edition of M. Bernard's years ago.
It leaves Whitman somehow a more
book, amply as it is illustrated. They would tangible personality and a bigger man. This is
have appreciated also a specimen of Tory's type, perhaps the chief service of Professor Carpen-
shown in relation to the borders used by him.
ter's biography. It is with the individuality of
Something may be said both for and against the
Walt Whitman that he is fundamentally con-
method of reproduction employed.
The de cerned ; the interpretation of the message is sub-
signs,” we are told, “ were all re-drawn with
ordinate. The man was larger than the poet.
the greatest care over photographs of the orig-
Stress is therefore laid upon the peculiar
inals, and from these drawings photo-engravings influences of the Long Island environment on
made, which were afterward perfected by hand Whitman's youth, sensitive and impressionable
when the forms were on the press.” The result-
as it was ; upon his early love of solitude and
ant gain in typographical effect is incontestable, his life-long habit of meditation ; his custom of
and Mr. Rogers's drawings are entitled to very reading in every chance interval — as at the
high praise. Nevertheless, the captious critic
noon hour at the printing-office, “generally
might object that for purposes of study photo prose, and invariably serious matter "; his even-
engravings direct from the originals have certain ing excursions, his holidays alone on the sea-
advantages, and that re-drawing involves not
shore; his preferred association with ferry-hands,
merely " minor divergences of line ” but also stage-drivers, and car-men ; for all these experi-
difference in quality. Lines and dots drawn
ences entered into him and contributed to the
with a pen, or with Chinese white applied with enrichment of his emotional and intellectual life.
brush
a
He was not a scholar nor a bookman. “His
black ground, as in the case of
upon
pas-
the floriated initials so wonderfully reproduced sion was for the outer world, the tangible world.”
by Mr. Rogers, can never be quite the same as
“He craved the knowledge of the whole ; he was
though made with a graver.
On the other possessed by the passion for humanity.”
hand, mechanical reproduction of such engrav-
An interesting comparison is thus made by
ings as Tory's carries with it almost inevitably
the biographer :
the perpetuation of defects due to the poor
“ This world of the majority, on which ours is only
press-work of the sixteenth-century printers. ticularly the world of the city laborer, Whitman knew
we
And for exhaustive study one should always
a
a
a
>
* WALT WHITMAN. By George Rice Carpenter. "English
seek out the originals, and not rely upon any
Men of Letters Series." New York: The Macmillan Co.


1909.]
405
THE DIAL
From fur-trade
well, and he was the only American man of letters who
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
was thoroughly familiar with it. To Longfellow and
Lowell and Holmes it was terra incognita, for they had
During the present Exposition year
travelled little in their own country, and at home had
never passed the social boundaries of their class. Emer-
to Exposition.
public attention is likely to be drawn
largely toward the Northwest, and
son had travelled much, but always as a philosopher, to
a large degree unconscious of and unsympathetic with
the history of the making of the states in that region
the life of the masses. Whittier alone had something of
will be studied with unusual interest. A timely
the same sympathy with the people of the under or
volume on “The History of the State of Washing-
basic world, though it was not well developed. He
ton” (Macmillan) appears from the
pen
of Professor
knew the New England country folk, but mainly as Edmond S. Meany of the University of Washington.
the country-bred journalist and politician would know The work is a distinct advance on the usual state
them; he would have dragged them after him into the
history, being well-balanced, well-written, and well-
upper world of enlightenment; he could not have con-
printed. The first period treated is that of Dis-
ceived of abandoning himself completely to their illit-
covery, which extends from prehistoric times to the
eracy, to their crude religious feeling, or entire lack of
visits of the “Columbia,” the "Lady Washington,"
it, to their preoccupation with the physical toil and
An
physical joy of life.'
and the “ Boston,” to the Northwest coast.
And so the biographer brings us to Whitman's interesting reminder of the fate of the latter vessel,
the massacre of most of her crew and the enslave-
own expression of his purpose, – “A feeling or
ment of the remainder, was noticed by the author
ambition to articulate and faithfully express in
during a personal visit to the Chinook Indians, who
literary or poetic form, and uncompromisingly, still use the term “ Boston-Man” as a synonym for
my own physical, emotional, moral, intellectual, “ American.” The period of Exploration covers
and ästhetic Personality, in the midst of, and the Astor project and the long contest with England
tallying, the momentous spirit and facts of its for the fur-trade and the possession of the territory.
immediate days, and of current America - and
The author considers the United States extremely
to exploit that Personality, identified with place fortunate in securing the land to the north of the
and date, in a far more candid and comprehen; 40' he pronounces a “ piece of pure Yankee bluster.”
Columbia River. The claim as far north as 54°
sive sense than any hitherto poem or book.”
But Whitman's democracy is not regarded by Indian wars and the influx of people after the dis-
The history of territorial days is made up largely of
Professor Carpenter as the final essential fea-
covery of gold on the Pacific slope. The early
ture in his interpretation. His“crowning charac- period of statehood is described as marked by an
teristic was that his poetry of democracy sprang, extravagance of public expenditure, which was, how-
not from well-defined intellectual concepts, but ever, corrected under later administrations. The
from an extraordinary mood, from an intense and last chapter is the most novel in the volume, being
peculiar emotion.” With all his commonness.
a description of the results of Federal activity in the
and practicality, Whitman was a mystic.
state in the shape of surveys, postal and customs
The book as a
The chapters on “ Comradeship” and “Old
“ Comradeship” and “ Old service, judiciary, irrigation, etc.
Age" are naturally full of interesting material-
whole is deserving a permanent place in the history
of the states of the Union.
nothing that is essentially new, but sympathetic
and vivid to the end. The tone of the narrative
The librarian's painful particularity,
is brighter and more mellow than that of some
or painstaking particularity, as he
the library.
that we have read. In 1885, the ever-generous
might prefer to express it, is not the
circle of Whitman's Camden friends planned a
least of those peculiar attributes that combine to
fund to buy the good gray poet
make him the useful and talented and accurately
" ” an easy-
informed person we all know him to be. Vagueness
riding buggy and a good horse. With the assist-
and practical library efficiency do not go together.
ance of the older men of letters throughout the That a librarian's duties tend to develop pedantry
country, the gift was made.
and fussiness and a disposition to magnify trifles -
“Thenceforward he drove regularly and frequently- to lose sight of wholes in the multiplicity of their
and, it must be added, often at a speed somewhat un- parts, to let the spirit perish while the letter exu-
becoming his years, having exchanged the safe beast
berates is one of those things that cannot very
presented to him for one of a livelier gait.”
well be helped. Like writer's cramp and clergyman's
Mr. Carpenter has given us a genuine biog- sore throat, this tendency is one of the penalties, or
raphy, a thoroughly readable and vivacious life risks, of the profession. But there are librarians,
of one of the most picturesque in the group of as there are writers and clergymen, who escape the
our American writers, and one whose signifi- peculiar danger of their calling. To reflections like
cance in the history of American literature is
these one may not unnaturally be moved by a course
of study in the literature of library economy. An
more and more clearly recognized with the pass-
admirable book of its kind, entitled simply "Library
ing years.
W. E. SIMONDS. Economics,” and composed of thirty-seven sections
Points for
workers in


406
(June 16,
THE DIAL
a
the very
2
a
written by nearly as many different library workers and operation from a technical viewpoint, its moral
of England, has just been issued by the publishers turpitude and its predilection for manslaughter,
of “The Library World.” The language is clear, whole libraries have been published.” But matters
the instruction is definite, the diagrams and other of more general interest in the railroad's history,
illustrations are all that one could wish; but even especially in its very early history, have been some-
the veriest beginner in library science might pardon- what neglected; and it is these less-known facts that
ably resent being told “How to cut the leaves of a the author has brought together in an attractive set-
book” a topic that has a page all to itself. So ting, having first published much of his material in
apparently simple a process, too, as the gumming of “ The Railroad Man's Magazine.” A little more
labels on books receives two and one-quarter pages, attention to literary finish would not have hurt the
including a diagram. Occasionally the American book. Such slips as “laid down” for “lay down,”
reader meets with a topic of rather local than world- and “like” in the sense of “as,” may not offend
wide interest. “Obliteration of Betting News” in nine readers out of ten; but the tenth cannot over-
daily papers, as undesirable matter likely to attract come a certain predilection, inherited or acquired,
undesirable readers, is fortunately not a live topic for grammatically correct English.
with many of us.
In the same section, by the way,
For an adequate comprehension of
near the bottom of the page, is to be noted one of France from
Waterloo to the
few errors (one of grammar) that the book
the great problems agitating French
Third Republic. public opinion
the relations of
contains. Another current work of importance on
Church and State, the transformation of the system
library management is Mr. John Cotton Dana's
“Modern American Library Economy as Illustrated
of taxation, the encroachment of a militant syndi-
calism - clear conceptions of the development of
by the Newark (N. J.) Free Public Library,” one
France are more than ever necessary.
As an aid
part of which has already received our notice. Part
in reaching these, two books offer themselves, “The
V., Section 2, a “Course of Study for Normal School
Pupils on the Use of a Library," now appears out of
Third Republic” (Lippincott), written by Mr.
its proper order for reasons explained in a preface. (Scribner),
by Mr. W. Grinton Berry. Mr. Lawton
Frederick Lawton, and “ France since Waterloo'
Here, too, as in the English work, some very ele-
has been a resident in France for twenty years, so
mentary matters are honored with a serious and cir-
that his book has the flavor of personal memoirs,
cumstantial treatment. It would be unkind to call
this expatiation on the commonplace by the name
although his own personality is discreetly kept out
of sight. He gives a running chronicle of the repub-
of padding"; it may be useful and necessary. A
lic by presidencies down to the days of Fallières and
36-page glossary of terms and phrases that concludes
the English book is certainly replete with words
Clemenceau, interspersing anecdotes and comments
whose absence would not have been seriously felt, -
after the manner of a conversationalist. The style
is occasionally familiar to say the least; as when he
e. g., concordance, diagram, diary, manual, map,
says that Rochefort's Intransigeant "in its latest
sobriquet. In the same volume a list of one hundred
book-collectors seems not very intimately connected
phase seems to serve as a sort of satyric pick-me-up
giving cabby an appetite for lunch.” There are
with library economy. Better redundancy than de-
special chapters on the tendencies of literature and
fect, however, in a work of this kind.
art, on education, Paris, and the “Mutualist Move-
Beginnings There is charm and romance in a fine ment.” Mr. Lawton thinks that the “ vast majority
and romance
of American
ship, and there is, as Byron affirms,
of the nation have abandoned the Christian faith,”
railroads. music in the roar of the sea. There yet among these the “standard of morality is as
is also to many minds - despite Ruskin's opinion to high, if not higher, than among their Catholic fellow-
—
the contrary -- poetic appeal in the railway's steel countrymen.” Mr. Berry's volume is not a chronicle, ,
bands that gridiron the dry land and unite cities, but a series of interpretations, a characterization of
states, and nations; and there is a thrill in the roar
successive régimes and tendencies, evidently the
of the splendidly equipped express train. The result of wide reading and reflection. The judg-
romance of early railroading, together with certain ments are in general sound, although the chapter
related incidents and experiences that partake of the
on the “ Church and the Republic” does not seem
curious and amusing rather than of the romantic, free from “anti-clerical” prejudice. The brief
has furnished Mr. Charles Frederick Carter with a description of the Church under the old régime
fruitful theme for his book, " When Railroads were exaggerates the aristocratic vices of the clergy.
New” (Holt). From the building of the Baltimore
There is also a lack of exact statement in tracing
and Ohio to the completion of the Canadian Pacific, the beginnings of the present difficulties in the first
the progress of the American railroad, with brief Revolution.
glances at England's first steps in the same form of
Mr. Andrew Lang, in his biography
A famous foe
enterprise, is agreeably and carefully sketched, with
of Sir George Mackenzie (Long-
enough of anecdote and graphic illustration to enliven Covenanters.
mans), turns his attention to the
the story. As the author remarks in his preface, religious problems of the Stuart Restoration in
“Concerning certain aspects of the railroad, such as Scotland. Sir George was king's advocate from
its finance, both high and ordinary, its construction 1677 to 1688, when the Revolution terminated his
>
a
a
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1909.]
407
THE DIAL
6
а
career; and as such he found it his duty to prose- it matters little whether the pilot steered by a Jack-
cute stubborn Presbyterians who resisted the intro- o'-lantern or by the stars.” In the wider vision lies
duction of episcopacy to the point of rebellion. So the deeper truth; and though we need be no less
effective were his efforts in this direction that in rigidly scientific in loyalty to our logic, we shall be
the tradition of the Covenanters he is known as the more appreciative of the devious ways of human
“ Bloody” Mackenzie. In the opinion of Mr. Lang, progress for the comprehension of Professor Frazer's
the epithet was undeserved. By nature Sir George thesis.
was tolerant and liberal ; but such was the situation
in Scotland during his time that a rational temper
The Rev. Charles W. Gordon, better
A pioneer and
could not be maintained; there was no place for the
missionary in the known in literature as “ Ralph Con-
far Northwest.
philosopher men had to become zealots either for
nor,” turns aside from novel-writing
the kirk or for the prerogative. Naturally the great long enough to relate the life of his fellow-minister
lawyer chose the latter alternative. Mr. Lang's biog-
in the Presbyterian Church of Canada, Dr. James
raphy is neither an apology nor an effort at rehabil.
Robertson, a native of Scotland, who, after pastoral
itation; it is a sober attempt to explain a situation
labors of twelve years in the land of his adoption,
that drove good Scotchmen to extremes. “ Mack-
became Missionary Superintendent of the Northwest
enzie regarded right reason as his one talent,' and Territory, where he did noble service for twenty-one
reason assured him, or so he persuaded himself, that
years in planting the church in what was then little
the Government must choose between persecution or
better than a wilderness. Seven years and more
civil war.
I am not sure that he was mistaken."
have passed since his death, but his memory is and
The work is therefore a study of problems rather long will be warmly cherished by those who knew
than of a career; the private life of the advocate is
him. No better qualified biographer of the man
could have been found than the author whose books
almost wholly lost sight of; it is not so much the
brilliant lawyer that attracts and impresses the
have, as he himself declares, been in no small meas-,
reader as the great causes that he pleads or fights
ure inspired by this vigorous and resourceful pioneer
for. On the whole, the discussion is sane and con-
in the cause of religion. The true story of this
vincing, far more calm and judicious in tone than
sky pilot” has much of the charm of romance, and
the author's vigorous English usually permits. The
is at the same time a bracing and invigorating record
work is provided with several portraits of Sir George, of worthy achievement. A little more revision of
and of his famous contemporary, James Graham of
the author's manuscript might have been not inad-
Claverhouse.
visable. So good a Latin scholar as James Robertson
is represented to have been both by his biographer
That discerning student of the side- and by his Scotch schoolmaster, Alexander Mc-
The value of
superstition.
lights of human heritage, Professor Naughton, would have been grieved to encounter
Frazer, makes a plea for the value of (on page 77) so glaring a solecism as tellus ignotum.
superstition, under the Miltonian title, “ Psyche's The lack of index is another indication of undue
Task” (Macmillan). Remembering that the stages haste in getting the book published. There are sev-
of human evolution require beliefs fitted to the cul- eral excellent and interesting portraits and other
ture of the period and the people, it becomes no illustrations, and the book as a whole appeals
paradox that in primitive times primitive methods strongly to the reader.
of guiding action were the effective ones. Professor
Frazer defends a fourfold thesis : that superstition
The latest work upon the orchestra,
by attaching itself to the sacredness of the ruler
“ The Evolution of Modern Orches-
(surviving as the divine right of kings and the heal- orchestration.
tration, ” is from the pen of Louis
ing power of the king's touch) has contributed to the Adolphe Coerne, a musical writerof note, and deserves
establishment of civil order; that the fear of magic the consideration of musical students. The author
consequence concretely resulting in the taboo, has not intended to present a technical treatise on
brought about a respect for private property ; that instrumentation or an analysis of the orchestra, but
superstitious beliefs in regard to the effect of irreg- rather seeks to trace the evolution both of orchestra
ular sexual relations upon the crops and the public and of orchestration. In treating his subject, Dr.
welfare has been a means of enforcing personal Coerne reverts to the very beginnings of instrument-
morality; and that the fear of the vengeance of ation and instruments, and shows how they have
ghosts has acted to make more secure the sanctity been developed ; traces their evolution through the
of human life. To get right things done, even for classic era at the hands of Bach, Handel, Gluck,
wrong reasons, was more important for primitive Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, and their contempo-
society than to develop right reasons for custom and raries ; then takes the reader through the period of
conduct. Thus, superstition, with all its evils in romanticism and the classical romanticists; and
higher cultures, is yet a light, “ a dim and wavering closes by tracing the new movement in various coun-
light, which, if it has lured many a mariner on the tries. An appendix, consisting of musical illustra-
breakers, has yet guided some wanderers on life’s tions, from the scores of various composers from
troubled sea into a haven of rest and peace. Once Monteverde to Richard Strauss, adds interest to the
the harbour lights are passed and the ship is in port, work by making the evolution more clear to the
The evolution
of our modern


408
(June 16,
THE DIAL
>
reader. The book may not have been intended as rhythms, and has taken few liberties at that. He
a text-book, but its arrangement and summaries speaks of his “spade-work” and his “ “plaster-cast
would easily adapt it for teachers' uses. It is not a
method, but this is a note of quite uncalled-for modesty.
This volume is a real enrichment of the literature of
treatise in any sense, but a history of the orchestra,
and from this point of view is unique.
poetic translation.
Messrs. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. are the American
The fairest
“To know the history of the Acrop publishers of Mr. W. L. Courtney's “ The Literary Man's
city of the olis is to know not only the back-
Bible" in its new (fourth) edition. The work includes
Ægean Sea.
ground of the history of Athens, it is
a group of brief introductory essays, followed by the text
to know also the beauty-loving spirit and the brilliant
of the greater part of the books of the Old Testament,
their contents classified, and printed in readable form.
genius of the people who dwelt in the city nobly built
The authorized version is used, as a matter of course.
on the Ægean shore." This concluding sentence
Such a book as this does inestimable service to the cause
offers a fair index of the general spirit manifested of religion, and it is pleasant to know that it is in the
by Professor M. L. D’Ooge in his work on
" The
continuous demand that its successive editions would
Acropolis of Athens” (Macmillan). It should be seem to indicate.
noted, however, that the words come after many long Miss Maude M. Frank, a teacher in one of the New
chapters of painstaking presentation of details, and York City High Schools, has prepared a volume of
that the book is not intended primarily for entertain-
“Constructive Exercises in English " (Longmans), which
ment. The author, who combines genuine enthu-
is an original attempt to teach variety of diction, clear
siasm for his subject with scholarly patience, has
paragraphing, and some skill in the various forms of
literary expression. Miss Frank's idea seems to be:
gathered up the results of the work of many active
Give the pupil a start at first, and in time he will be able
investigators of divers nations who have been
to make a way for himself. Accordingly, theory is
attracted by the home of Athena, and has given minimized, and there are plenty of constructive exercises
them to us with his own thoughtful conclusions on intended to arouse the pupil's interest and stimulate his
many debatable points. The illustrations are laud- ideas, and far more likely to do so than the unapproach-
ably abundant, and on the whole satisfactory, able rules with which many rhetorics abound.
although some of them would be more effective if Miss Anna Morgan, a well-known teacher of Dra-
the paper were better. The volume may be com-
matic Expression in Chicago, is the author of two com-
mended to the close reader of history, the exception-
panion volumes, which are published in attractive
ally serious traveller, and the lover of things Grecian
bindings by Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co. “ The Art
in general.
of Speech and Deportment” explains, generally in
question and answer style, such matters as grace of
carriage, the correct use of the voice, and platform man-
ners, corrects many errors of pronunciation and
diction,
BRIEFER MENTION.
and gives a brief history of the drama in English,
French, Spanish, Italian, and German, with some prac-
That indefatigable student and admirer of the Dutch tical directions for rehearsing an amateur production.
both at home and on the continent, William Elliot
“ Selected Readings" contains short sketches in prose
Griffis, has put into attractive form “The Story of and poetry, with a few in dramatic form, all chosen
New Netherland: the Dutch in America” (Houghton). and in many cases especially abridged — for their
The writer has dressed the historical facts of his story, suitability to be read or recited. Naturally selections
rather trivial and uninteresting many of them, in a in lighter vein predominate.
readable style, and he has given much valuable and inter-
esting information on the social life in New Netherland.
Those who have their ideas of the New York Dutch and
New York history from Diedrich Knickerbocker should
NOTES.
as a matter of justice read this book. They will find
that the Dutchmen were not the ridiculous creatures of
Mrs. Kate Douglas Wiggin has chosen a Shaker
Washington Irving's caricature, but sturdy, independ-
community for the setting of her next novel, to be pub-
ent, broad-minded men, worthy to rank high among the
lished in the early Autumn under the title “Susanna
founders of our country.
and Sue."
Mr. Jethro Bithell, of the University of Manchester,
A new novel by Mr. James Lane Allen is announced
informs us that he is engaged upon a history of the
for Fall publication, to be entitled “The Bride of the
minnesong, as compared with the old lyrical poetry of
Mistletoe.” It will be the first work that has come
Provence, Portugal, and Italy.” As a forerunner of
from Mr. Allen's pen in six years.
this work, which may be expected next year, he now
The Whitaker & Ray Co., San Francisco, are pub-
puts forth “ The Minnesingers ” (Longmans), being a lishing a six-volume edition of Joaquin Miller's Poems.
volume of translations. This volume is, of course,
The first volume, now at hand, contains a few poems
independent of the one to come, for, as the translator only, being mainly occupied by autobiographical matter
justly observes of its contents, “ if they are poems, they in prose, and extracts from the English reviews of the
should need no commentary: that they are poems in
author's work.
the original, is certain.” We take satisfaction in saying Spinoza's “Short Treatise," having for its subject
that they are also poems in their English dress, poems God, Man, and Human Welfare,” was the philoso-
to be enjoyed for themselves, with no arrière-pensée of pher's first work.
Dated about 1660, it was originally
a philological nature. Mr. Bithell has been singularly written in Latin, and soon afterwards translated by a
successful in his management of both rhymes and friend into Dutch. The Latin manuscript has been lost,
CG


1909.]
409
THE DIAL
>
a
but a Dutch man
anuscript survives; from this version an Hammerton's “George Meredith in Anecdote and Crit-
English translation has been made by Miss Lydia icism,” begun more than seven years ago and at first
Gillingham Robinson, and is now printed by the Open designed as a memorial of Meredith's eightieth birth-
Court Publishing Co. Schwegler's chapter on Spinoza day, has just been published, or is soon to be published,
is given as an introduction.
with many illustrations, by Mr. Grant Richards.
Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co. publish the following Meredith's correspondence, the only writing of import-
French texts: M. Rostand's “ La Princesse Lointaine, ance from his pen during his last years, will not see
edited by Professor J. L. Borgerhoff; Louis Desnoyers's print if his informally expressed wish is respected.
“ Les Mésaventures de Jean-Paul Choppart,” edited But it is more than probable that in the end he will
by M. C. Fontaine;" and Tocqueville's “Voyage en
“
join the distinguished company of Carlyle and Whistler
Amérique,” edited by Professor R. Clyde Ford. An in- and numerous others whose like prohibition has been
teresting volume in the “ Oxford Higher French Series " regarded as losing its binding force in the light of
is the “ Préface du Cromwell ” of Victor Hugo, edited
subsequent developments - which is very satisfying and
by Professor Edmond Wahl.
acceptable to a curious posterity.
One of the most interesting of recent German auto-
Mr. John Cotton Dana, librarian of the Newark Free
biographies is the volume of “Memoiren” by Baroness Library, and Mr. Henry W. Kent, Assistant Secretary
Bertha von Suttner, well known as a writer and an en-
of the New York Metropolitan Museum, have planned
thusiastic and eloquent advocate of international peace,
a series of six volumes to be called the “Librarians'
to whose influence Alfred Nobel of Sweden became so Series," of which only one thousand sets will be pub-
deeply interested in the cause of international peace as
lished, at a subscription price of five dollars for the entire
to establish the annual prize for the most efficient pro-
series. Brief descriptions follow: “ The Old Librarian's
moters of it, this prize being awarded in 1905 to Bertha Almanack,” a reprint of a curious pamphlet containing
von Suttner herself. An edition of her Memoirs, in
counsel and opinion from a librarian and book lover of
English, is soon to be published by Messrs. Ginn & Co.,
1773; “ The Rev. John Sharpe and His Proposal for a
the translation having been made by Mr. Nathan Haskell
Publick Library at New York, 1713,” being the sketch
Dole.
of a Colonial book-lover, at once a pathetic and com-
The Arthur H. Clark Co., of Cleveland, announce the
manding figure, told from first-hand sources, by Austin
Baxter Keep;
early publication of a new historical series, in ten vol-
“The Librarian,” being selections from
the “ Boston Transcript's ” Library department during
umes, entitled “ Documentary History of American
Industrial Society.” The American Bureau of Indus-
the last three years; an annotated list of the best books
trial Research and the Carnegie Institution of Washing-
on the history and administration of libraries published
ton have been engaged jointly for a number of years in
before 1800, compiled by Beatrice Wisner of Newark;
a translation of Delespierre's “Hoax Concerning the
preparing this publication. The first two volumes,
entitled “ Plantation and Frontier,” will be the work of
Burning of the Alexandrine Library"; and an adaptation
Professor Ulrich B. Phillips. The next two, on “Labor
of Dziatzko's “ Early History of Libraries ” in Pauly's
Conspiracy Cases," are to be prepared jointly by Pro-
Encyclopædia of Classical Antiquities.” The issue of
fessors John R. Commons and Eugene A. Gilmore. The
the set is conditioned upon the securing of a sufficient
six remaining volumes will contain a study of the Labor
number of subscriptions. These should be addressed to
Movement from 1820 to 1880. As the first exhaustive
the Elm Tree Press, Woodstock, Vermont.
study of our economic and industrial conditions this set
of books should prove a valuable work of reference.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
The concordance to Wordsworth, which has been in
preparation for the Concordance Society, is now com- [The following list, containing 72 titles, includes books
pleted, though as yet no definite steps have been taken received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
to secure its publication. The work has been done under
the direction of Professor Lane Cooper of Cornell
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
Old Friends: Being Literary Recollections of Other Days. By
University, with the help of over forty collaborators.
William Winter. Ilus., 8vo, pp. 406. Moffat, Yard & Co.
The text is based upon that of Hutchinson's Oxford
$3. net.
Wordsworth, supplemented by the editions of Nowell Recollections of Seventy Years. By F. B. Sanborn. In 2
Smith and Knight. For the most part, the quotations
vols., illus., 8vo. Boston: Richard G. Badger. $5. net.
have not been transcribed, but cut out and mounted
Essays and Addresses. By Edwin Burritt Smith. With
portrait in photogravure, 8vo, pp. 376. A.C. McClurg & Co.
from the printed page. This ought to insure a high
$2.50 net.
degree of exactness in such matters as punctuation and The Lifo und Times of Laurence Storne. By Wilbur L.
the use of capital letters. Only the commonest words,
Cross. Illus., 8vo, pp. 555. Macmillan Co. $2.50 net.
particles and the like, have been omitted. In all, there
The Quirt and the Spur: Vanishing Shadows of the Texas
Frontier. By Edgar Rye. Illus., 12mo, pp. 363.
are about 200,000 entries. It may surprise some
Conkey Co.
readers to learn that in Wordsworth's poetry the refer- Sea Kings of Britain: Albermarle to Hawke. By G. A. R.
ences to man, and similarly to mind, are considerably Callender, B.A. Illus. and with maps, 12mo, pp. 303. Long-
more numerous than those to nature.
mans, Green, & Co. $1.
The coming harvest of Meredithiana will doubtless
HISTORY.
be a rich one. Chief among the books about the de-
History of the United Netherlands from the Death of
William the Silent to the Twelve Years Truce. By John
ceased novelist and poet is likely to be the expected
Lothrop Motley. In 2 vols., illus. and with maps, 8vo.
biography from the pen of his intimate friend, Mr. Harper & Brothers. $8.
Edward Clodd, whose equipment and facilities for the The Settlement of Illinois, 1778-1830. By Arthur Clinton
undertaking are unsurpassed. Already a critical work
Boggess, Ph.D. Svo, pp. 267. Chicago: Chicago Historical
Society. $3. net.
on Meredith's influence upon English fiction, by Mr.
Readings on American Federal Government. Edited by
E. J. Bailey, has been announced ; and Mr. J. A. Paul S. Reinsch. 8vo, pp. 850. Ginn & Co. $2.75 net.
66
W. B.


410
[June 16,
THE DIAL
The Long Gallery. By Eva Lathbury. 12mo, pp. 363. Henry
Holt & Co. $1.50.
A Drama in Sunshine. By Horace Annesley Vachell. New
edition. 12mo, pp. 347. R. F. Fenno & Co. $1. net.
1
Writings on American History, 1907: A Bibliography of
Books and Articles on United States and Canadian History
Published during the Year 1907. Compiled by Grace Gardner
Griffin. Macmillan Co.
American History: By James Alton James and Albert Hart
Sanford. Illus., 12mo, pp. 565. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$1.40 net.
Readings in Modern European History: A Collection of
Extracts from the Sources. By James Harvey Robinson and
Charles A. Beard. Vol. II., Europe Since the Congress of
Vienna. 12mo, pp. 541. Ginn & Co. $1.40 net.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Dante in English Literature from Chaucer to Cary (C. 1380-
1844). By Paget Toynbee. In 2 vols., 8vo. Macmillan Co.
$5. net.
The Works of James Buchanan, Comprising his Speeches,
State Papers, and Private Correspondence. Collected and
edited by John Bassett Moore. Vol. VII., 1846-1848. Limited
edition; large 8vo, pp. 508. J. B. Lippincott Co. $5. net.
William Blake. By Basil De Selincourt. Illus., 12mo, pp. 290.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. net.
Belles, Beaux, and Brains of the 60's. By T. C. De Leon,
Illus., 8vo, pp. 464. G. W. Dillingham Co. $3. net.
The Jew in English Literature, as Author and as Subject.
By Rabbi Edward H. Calisch. 12mo, pp. 277. Richmond:
Bell Book & Stationery Co. $2. net.
Deck and Field: Addresses Before the United States Naval
War College and on Commemorative Occasions. By Frank
Warren Hackett. 12mo, pp. 222. Washington: W. H.
Lowdermilk & Co.
BOOKS OF VERSE.
The Mother and the Father. By W. D. Howells. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 55. Harper & Brothers. $1.20 net.
London's Lure: An Anthology in Prose and Verse. By Helen
and Lewis Melville. 16mo, pp. 328. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
World Music, and Other Poems. By Frederick John Webb.
16mo, pp. 45. London: Arthur H. Stockwell.
A Miracle of St. Cuthbert, and Sonnets. By R. E. Lee
Gibson. 12mo, pp. 90. Louisville: John P. Morton & Co.
Owen Glyndwr, and Other Poems. By Chas. H. Pritchard.
12mo, pp. 79. London: Arthur H. Stockwell.
The House of Hell: A Ballad of Blackfoot. By C. E. E.
16mo, pp. 32. San Francisco: Murdock Press.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The Decameron Preserved to Posterity by Giovanni Boccaccio,
and translated into English Anno 1620. With Introduction
by Edward Hutton. Vols. III. and IV. Each 8vo. “Tudor
Translations.” London: David Nutt.
Just So Stories. By Rudyard Kipling. Illus., 12mo, pp. 248.
Pocket Edition." Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.50 net.
Julie; ou, La Nouvelle Heloise. Edition Abrégée avec
préface de Frank A. Hedgcock. With portrait in photo-
gravure, 16mo, pp. 216. Les Classiques Français." G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1. net.
The Thoughts of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. Edited by
Dana Estes, M.A. With portrait, 16mo, pp. 114. Boston:
Dana Estes & Co.
FICTION
Marriage à la Mode. By Mrs. Humphry Ward. Illus. in
color, 12mo, pp. 324. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.20 net.
Heather. By John Trevena. 12mo, pp. 477. Moffat, Yard &
Co. $1.50.
Peter, Peter. By Maude Radford Warren. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 307. Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
The Runaway Place: A May Idyl of Central Park. By
Walter P. Eaton and Elsie M. Underhill. 12mo, pp. 257.
Henry Holt & Co. $1.50.
In Whaling Days. By Howland Tripp. 12mo, pp. 371. Little,
Brown & Co. $1.50.
The Black Flier. By Edith MacVane. With frontispiece in
color, 12mo, pp. 382. Moffat, Yard & Co. $1.50.
Waylaid by Wireless. By Edwin Balmer. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 348. Small, Maynard & Co. $1.50.
Less Than Kin. By Alice Duer Miller, 12mo, pp. 230. Henry
Holt & Co. $1.25.
The Making of Bobby Burnit. By George Randolph Chester.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 416. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50.
Homespun: A Story of Some New England Folk. By Lottie
Blair Parker. 12mo, pp. 380. Henry Holt & Co. $1.50.
Gamboling With Galatea: A Bucolic Romance. By Curtis
Dunham; illus. in color by Oliver Herford. 12mo, pp. 185.
Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.15 net.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
The Andean Land. By Chase 8. Osborn. In 2 vols., illus.,
8vo. A. C. McClurg & Co. $5. net.
Northern France from Belgium and the English Channel to
the Loire, Excluding Paris and its Environs: A Handbook
for Travellers. By Karl Baedeker. Fifth edition; with maps
and plans, 16mo, pp. 454. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.25 net.
PUBLIO AFFAIRS.
Forty Years of American Finance: A Short Financial His-
tory of the Government and People of the United States
Since the Civil War, 1865-1907. By Alexander Dana Noyes.
Second and Extended Edition of " Thirty Years of American
Finance. 12mo, pp. 418. G. P. Putnam's Song. $1.50 net.
The Negro Problem: Abraham Lincoln's Solution. By
William P. Pickett. With portrait, 8vo, pp. 580. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $2.50 net.
Studies in American Social Conditions. First vols.: The
Liquor Problem, The Negro Problem, Immigration, and The
Labor Problem. Edited by Richard Henry Edwards. Each
16mo. Madison, Wis.: R. H. Edwards.
RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.
The Harvest Within : Being Thoughts on the Life of a Chris-
tian. By A. T. Mahan, D.C.L. 12mo, pp. 280. Little, Brown
& Co. $1.50 net.
Old Testament Narratives. Selected and edited by George
Henry Nettleton. 16mo, pp. 294. Henry Holt & Co.
PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY.
Genetio Psychology: An Introduction to an Objective and
Genetic View of Intelligence. By Edwin A. Kirkpatrick.
12mo, pp. 373. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
Are the Dead Alive P By Fremont Rider. Illus., 12mo, pp. 372.
New York: B. W. Dodge & Co. $1.75 net.
The Philosophy of Life. By Charles Gilbert Davis, M.D.
New edition ; 12mo, pp. 128. Chicago: D. D. Publishing Co.
Paper. 50 cts, net.
The Power of Self-Suggestion. By Samuel McComb, D.D.
16mo, pp. 49. Moffat, Yard & Co. 50 cts. net.
ART AND MUSIC.
The School of Madrid. By A. De Berueter Y. Moret. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 288. Charles Scribner's Song. $2. net.
The Orchestral Instruments and What They Do: A
Primer for Concert-Goers. By Daniel Gregory Mason.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 104. Baker & Taylor Co.
Songs for the Chapel Arranged for Male Voices, for Use in
Colleges, Academies, Schools, and Societies. Edited by
Charles H. Morse and Ambrose White Vernon. 8vo, pp. 450.
Charles Scribner's Sons.
SOIENCE AND NATURE.
Darwin and Modern Science: Essays in Commemoration
of the Centenary of the Birth of Charles Darwin and of
the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Publication of the Origin of
Species. Edited by A. C. Seward. Illus. in photogravure,
etc., large 8vo, pp. 595. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $6. net.
Birds in Their Haunts. By C. A. Johns; revised by J. A.
Owen. Illus. in color, 8vo, pp. 326. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$3.net.
The Ether of Space. By Sir Oliver Lodge, F.R.S. Illus.,
16mo, pp. 167. "Library of Living Thought." Harper &
Brothers. 75 cts. net.
Wild Flowers Every Child Should Know. Arranged
According to Color. By Frederick William Stack. Illus, in
color, etc., 12mo, pp. 411. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.20 net.
EDUCATION.
Laggards in Our Schools: A Study of Retardation and
Elimination in City School Systems. By Leonard P. Ayres,
A.M. Illus., 8vo, pp. 236. New York: Charities Publication
Committee. $1.50.
Spanish Tales for Beginners. Edited by Elijah Clarence
Hills, Ph.D. 16mo, pp. 298. Henry Holt & Co.
The Elements of Hygiene for Schools. Compiled by Isabel
McIsaac. Illus., 12mo, pp. 172. Macmillan Co. 60 cts. net.
Das Habichtsfraulein: Eine Dorsgeschichte aus dem Thür-
inger Wald. Von Rudolf Baumbach. Edited by Dr. Morton
C. Stewart. With frontispiece, 16mo, pp. 224. Henry Holt
& Co.


.
1
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411
THE DIAL
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Entered as Second-Class Matter October 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of March 3, 1879-


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