407 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARY THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information VOLUME XLII. JANUARY 1 TO JUNE 16, 1907 CHICAGO THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 1907 دراما - 263719 INDEX TO VOLUME XLII. PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ACTON'S IDEALS OF HISTORY ALDRICH, THOMAS BAILEY AMERICA, THE SPANISH DISCOVERY OF AMERICAN HISTORY, STIRRING CHAPTERS OF ANIMAL LIFE, STUDIES IN ARCHITECTURE, STURGIS'S HISTORY OF “BEN-HUR," THE AUTHOR OF BURNEYS, THE, IN ST. MARTIN'S STREET CARDUCCI, GIOSUÈ . CATECHISM, THE, UP TO DATE Cat's-CRADLE IN MANY LANDS CENTRAL ASIA, ENGLAND AND RUSSIA IN CHEMISTRY AND CRITICISM CONFEDERATE LEADER, WAR MEMOIRS OF A COVETED LANDS, JOURNEYINGS IN DRAMA, A CLINIC ON THE DUTCH REPUBLIC, LESSON OF THE . ECONOMICS, ELEMENTARY, THE TEACHING OF EXPATRIATED AMERICAN, HOME IMPRESSIONS OF AN FICTION, RECENT FRENCH DRAMATISTS, THE GREATEST OF GARDEN-LOVERS, BOOKS FOR GARRISON, WENDELL PHILLIPS . GERMAN EMPIRE, DUAL STRUCTURE OF THE Gods, WITHSTANDING THE GREAT EDITOR, CAREER OF A GREECE UNDER THE FRANKS: AN UNREMEMBERED AGE HOHENLOHE MEMOIRS, THE . HOMERIC QUERIES, MR. LANG's IDEALIST, A REALISTIC STUDY OF AN JAPAN, RELIGIONS OF . LA SALLE's Last VOYAGE, STORY OF LEIGHTON, THE MANY-SIDED LIBRARIAN, THE, AND HIS CHARGE LIBRARY, HOURS IN A LITERARY APOSTLES, SOME FAMOUS LITERARY CENSORSHIP, HISTORY OF LITERARY CONFLICT, ECHOES OF A FAMOUS LITERATURE, THE MASTER-NOTE IN MARIE ANTOINETTE, THE FLIGHT OF MARS, THE RED PLANET MEDIÆVAL ITALY, TRADE ORGANIZATIONS OF MEREDITH, OWEN, LETTERS OF . MUSIC AND ITS VOTARIES MUSICIANS AND Music, THREE BOOKS ON NEW-ENGLANDERS, THE OLD, AND THE REST OF Us NINETY NORTH, WITHIN THREE DEGREES OF OCTOGENARIANS, OUR . PARSON AND KNIGHT . E. D. Adams 221 211 Anna Heloise Abel 342 David Y. Thomas 179 Charles Atwood Kofoid 365 Irving K. Pond 137 Percy F. Bicknell 34 Edith Kellogg Dunton 177 131 T. D. A. Cockerell 341 Frederick Starr 336 Frederic Austin Ogg . 311 97 Walter L. Fleming 332 H. E. Coblentz. 43 3 William Elliot Griffis 250 M. B. Hammond 36 Percy F. Bicknell . 176 William Morton Payne 13, 142, 225, 314, 375 A. G. Canfield 111 Edith Granger 367 173 James W. Garner 105 T. D. A. Cockerell 79 W. H. Johnson 216 F. B. R. Hellems . 306 Lewis A. Rhodes. 71 Paul Shorey 248 Percy F. Bicknell 280 William Elliot Griffis 335 Lawrence J. Burpee . 283 Edith Kellogg Dunton 309 Percy F. Bicknell . 73 65 Percy F. Bicknell. 134 Arthur Howard Noll 338 Charles H. A. Wager 39 Charles Leonard Moore . 28 Henry E. Bourne . 141 Herbert A. Howe. 75 Laurence M. Larson . 41 Charles H. A. Wager 182 Josiah Renick Smith 11 Josiah Renick Smith 224 Charles Leonard Moore . 299 Percy F. Bicknell . 304 241 William Morton Payne 102 . . . . . . . . . . 41050 iv. INDEX PAGE . Percy F. Bicknell . William Morton Payne . Walter Taylor Field . . John J. Halsey David Y. Thomas . Percy F. Bicknell J. W. Garner . Joseph Jastrow . PEACE, SOME HOPED-FOR VICTORIES OF POETRY, RECENT PUBLIC LIBRARY, THE, AND THE CHILDREN QUOTATIONS, THE ABUSE OF RAILROADS, JUSTICE TO THE . RECONSTRUCTION, INSIDE LIGHT ON ROMANCE, THE BREATH OF RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE SCHOLARLY LIFE, THE RECORD OF A SCIENCE AND LITERATURE SHAKESPEARE AND THE MODERN STAGE . SNOW AND ICE, IN THE LAND OF SOCIAL SERMONS FOR THE TIMES SOCIAL UNREST, SIGNS OF SOCIALISTIC PRINCIPLES AND PROBLEMS SPANISH PHANTASIES, A BOOK OF . Texas WAY, THE . THEATRICAL AUTOPSY, A THOREAU IN HIS JOURNALS TRAVELS FAR AND NEAR TRUTH-SEEKER, TRAVELS OF A . VICTORIAN LITERATURE, THE . WASHINGTON LIFE IN EARLY DAYS WESTERN FRONTIER, Two BISHOPS OF THE WESTERN FUR-TRADE, LITERATURE OF THE WHISTLER, THE ART OF . WILD, DRAMAS OF THE WILD FLOWERS OF ENGLAND, THE Charles H. A. Wager H. E. Coblentz Charles Richmond Henderson . Charles Richmond Henderson . Eunice Follansbee George G. Brownell . 246 252 67 327 282 10 359 285 78 275 220 185 12 287 110 135 171 129 107 371 8 242 139 247 212 218 369 364 . . . . F. B. Sanborn. H. E. Coblentz Percy F. Bicknell. Charles Leonard Moore . Sara Andrew Shafer Arthur Howard Noll Lawrence J. Burpee Frederick W. Gookin May Estelle Cook . Sara Andrew Shafer . . . . . CASUAL COMMENT Academic Courage, Decay of Alcohol as a Stimulus to Literary Productivity American Cities, Aspects of. “American-English,” Our Much-Decried Author, A Self-Complacent Authors' Club and Publishing Association. Authorship, Emoluments of Barbarism, A Tendency to Relapse into. "Bentzon, Th.," Death of Best Literature, Popularization of the Best Literature, Universality of the Bibliographical Work in Libraries. Book-Advertising, Extraordinary Methods of Book Publishing, Some of the Problems of . Books and the Moral Consciousness Boston, Mr. H. G. Wells's Reproof of British Museum Reading-Room Dome, The Browning in Seattle Brunetière, Ferdinand, Death of Brunetière, Ferdinand, Library of the Late Brunetière's Successor in the French Academy Burns, Visible Memorials to, in Scotland Charlotte Brontë's Husband, Death of Civil Service, Literary Leisure in the . Commercial Literature, A Curiosity in Contemporary Judgments, Aberrations of Crucifixes, Expulsion of the Culture, Thirteen Million Dollars for Cultured Ear, A Shock to the . “Dandy, A Dug-up" Dickens Library, A National Drama, Revival of Interest in the Dullards, Encouragement to Emerson as Judged by his Classmates Endowed Theatre, Dreams of an. English Authorship, A Grievance of English Novels, Prices of Esperanto, Simplicity of . "Farmer's Almanac," The Old 99 6 32 245 303 215 133 329 175 175 330 70 302 31 133 329 365 133 33 303 70 302 7 331 32 245 329 278 215 302 174 31 363 361 70 363 69 215 6 5, 31, 69, 99, 133, 173, 214, 245, 276, 302, 329 361 Fiction, The Serious Study of . 5 Fiction, Uses of 173 Fiction-Reading as a "Rest Cure", 100 Fielding Bicentenary, The 215 French Novel, The Yellow-backed, in Sober Dress 331 Generous Offer Generously Declined, A . 363 German and American Reading Habits 214 Good Joke, Longevity of a . 362 Great Men, Avocations of . 245 "Greatest Scandal Waits on Greatest State" 215 Helicon Hall, Burning of 278 Hero-Worship on the Wane 33 Hispanic Society of America 330 Historical Novelist, Inaccuracies of an 101 Howells, British Appreciation of 303 Index Expurgatorius as a Book-Advertiser, The 7 Irving's Old Home in New York 133 James, Henry, Literary Methods of 214 “Lazyships" at Harvard, The Endowment of 31 Librarian, A, who is also a Human Being 245 Librarian who Reads, The . 215 Librarians, Misplaced Zeal on the Part of 302 Library of Congress, Annual Report of the 101 Library Workers, An Irritating Practice among 69 Literary Criticism, Amenities of 363 Literary Criticism, An Endowed Journal of 99 Literary Outlook, Pessimistic Despondency over the 215 Literary Wrangle, The Latest. 330 Literature, Commercialization of 99 London Literary Happenings. 33 Longfellow's Last Photograph 174 Low-Priced Novels and the Circulating Libraries 101 “Maclaren, Ian," Death of . 331 Magazine Poetry, A Year of 100 Mill, John Stuart, A Posthumous Work of. 363 Munchausen's Prototype 7 New Englander, an Old, Eighty-eighth Birthday of 361 Ninety-six Novels from the Same Pen 133 Oberlin, The Dramatic Awakening at 140 - - INDEX . . . . . . CASUAL COMMENT (continued). PAGB PAGE Omar Khayyam's Rubaiyát, A Hebraization of 175 Shakespeareana Manufactured in England for the Paper and Light for Reading, The Right 331 American Trade . 183 Passing Pier Seventy 302 Sidney's Arcadia, First Draft of .. 278 Pater, Why Mr. Wright is to Give us a New Life of 69 Sixteenth-Century Drama on a Twentieth-Century Pedigrees Made to Order 330 Stage . . 363 People who do not Read Books 7 Smallest. Book Ever Printed 70 "Phonographic Canned Tongue" 363 Sneeze, The, in Literature 100 Poets, The Irritability of 862 Spanish-American Peoples, New Literary Movement Poets Trade-Union, A 173 among the 174 Presidential Praise of Books 214 Spelling-Reform, Enforced, History and Futility of 6 Private Letters, Right to Publish 33 Steerage, Literature of the 245 Public Library, An Unappreciated 331 "Subterranean Literature” in Germany 69 Public Library as an Educational Force 70 Superannuated Authors, Guardians for 173 Puritan Family, Last Representative of a Famous 277 Teaching, Less than a Dollar a Day for 278 Raleigh, Professor, Andrew Lang's Praise of 374 Teaching the Young Idea how to Shoot 32 Rare Books. Record Prices for 33 "Temple Bar," The Demise of 191 Reference-Library Idea, The 277 Thefts, Extraordinary, Stories of 362 Robinson Crusoe's Island 215 Things New but Not True 214 Rural Free Delivery for Libraries 70 Tolstoi's Peasant Critics 277 Scapegrace of Story, The 278 Traherne, Thomas, Poems of 331 Shakespeare, A National Monument to 276 Warren, Samuel, One Hundredth Birthday of 331 Shakespeare and Raleigh 133 Wells, H. G., An Announcement from 70 Shakespeare as Hero of a Novel . 7 Women Writers of Fiction in England 214 Shakespeare, Mr. Ben Greet's Mode of Presenting 278 Words, Innate Depravity of 277 Shakespeare, Tolstoy's Attempted Overthrow of 6 World-Language, An Artificial 33 Shakespeareana, Craze for. . 245 ANNOUNCEMENT OF SPRING Books, 1907 191 ONE HUNDRED BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING, A DESCRIPTIVE List of 381 BRIEFS ON NEw Books 17, 45, 81, 114, 145, 187, 228, 256, 288, 316, 343 BRIEFER MENTION 20, 48, 84, 117, 190, 231, 319 NOTES 20, 48, 85, 118, 149, 191, 232, 260, 292, 319, 347, 380 LISTS OF NEW Books 21, 49, 85, 118, 150, 199, 233, 261, 293, 320, 348, 384 . AUTHORS AND TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED 66 232 PAGE PAGE Abbot, Henry L. Problems of the Panama Canal, new edi Briggs, Charles A. International Critical Commentary on tion 319 the Psalms...... 115 Acton, Lord. Cambridge Modern History, Vol. IV., The Brock, Father Van den, Story of". 292 Thirty Years' War.. 223 Brooke, Emma F. Sir Elyot of the Woods. 377 Acton, Lord. Lectures on Modern History.. 222 Brookfield, Frances M. The Cambridge “ Apostles". 134 Adams, Charles Francis. Three Phi Beta Kappa Addresses 319 Brown, Charles Reynolds. Social Message of the Modern Adams, Oscar Fay. Sicut Patribus, and Other Verse. 253 Pulpit. 12 Addams, Jane. Newer Ideals of Peace. 246 Brown, Theron. Butterworth's Story of the Hymns and "A. L. A. Portrait Index”. 46 Tunes 260 Alexander, D. A. Military History of the State of New York 18 Browne, J. H. Balfour. Essays Critical and Political, new Alexander, E. P. Military Memoirs of a Confederate.. 332 edition.. Allen, Philip Loring. America's Awakening.. 116 Brunetière, Ferdinand. Balzac. 846 Archer, William, and others. Collected Works of Ibsen, Bryce, James. Studies in History and Jurisprudence, new 117, 190, 260, 305 edition..... 260 Avebury, Lord. On Municipal and National Trading, new Burgess, Gelett. Are You a Bromide ?. 97 edition. 292 Burrill, Katharine. Loose Beads. 188 Baldwin, J. Mark. Mental Development, new edition. 83 Burton, Theodore E. John Sherman, 189 Balfour, Lady Betty. Personal and Literary Letters of Butler, Arthur Gray. Charles I., second edition, 292 Robert, First Earl of Lytton... 182 Butler, Arthur Gray. Harold, new edition..... 232 Barclay, Armiger. The Kingmakers... 379 Calvert, Albert F. "Spanish Series”. 347 Barine, Arvède. Princesses and Court Ladies. 116 Campbell, Douglas H. University Text-Book of Botany, Baring-Gould, s. A Book of the Pyrenees... 380 second edition.... 347 Barker, J. Ellis. Rise and Decline of the Netherlands. 250 Canfield, Arthur G. Poems of Victor Hugo. 84 Barrington, Mrs. Russell. Life, Letters, and Work of Card, Fred W. Farm Management.. 320 Frederic Leighton... 309 "Carnegie Library Catalogue". 232, 319 Bates, Arlo. Talks on Teaching Literature. 149 Carr, Sarah Pratt. The Iron Way.. 316 Battersby, H. F. Prevost. The Avenging Hour. 143 Carus, Paul. Chinese Life and Customs. 381 Baughan, E. A. Music and Musicians. 12 Carus, Paul. Chinese Thought.. 381 Beebe, C. William. The Bird..... 19 Carus, Paul. The Rise of Man. 881 Bell, Gertrude Lowthian. The Desert and the Sown.. Carus, Paul. The Story of Samson. 381 Bennett, John. The Treasure of Peyre Gaillard. 227 Cary, Elisabeth Luther. Works of James McNeill Whistler 218 Benson, Arthur Christopher. Beside Still Waters.. 344 Chapman, Frederic. A Queen of Indiscretions.. 147 Berry, Riley M. Fletcher. Fruit Recipes.... 260 Chatfield-Taylor, H. C. Molière... 111 Bigelow, John. Peace Given as the World Giveth. 347 Cheney, John Vance. William Penn's "Fruits of Solitude" 48 Black, Ebenezer C., and George, Andrew J. New Hudson Cholmondeley, Mary. Prisoners.. 15 Shakespeare . 292 Clark, Andrew. The Shirburn Ballads. 319 Blackmar, Frank W. Economics, new edition.. 320 Clark, Victor $. The Labour Movement in Australasia. 288 "Blanchan, Neltje." Birds Every Child Should Know.. 260 Clarke, Maud Umfreville. Nature's Own Garden.. 364 Boardman. Rosina C. Lilies and Orchids.. 380 "Classiques Française". 292, 380 Bourne, Edward G. "Original Narratives of Early Amer Clausen, George. Six Lectures on Painting, and Aims and ican History". 84. 260 Ideals in Art.. 232 Bowen, Marjorie. The Viper of Milan... 15 Clauston, T. S. The Hygiene of Mind. 291 Breasted, James Henry. Ancient Records of Egypt........ 291 Clemens, Samuel L. Christian Science. 190 ... 371 vi. INDEX PAGE Cleveland, Grover. Fishing and Shooting Sketches......... 189 Cobb, John Storer. The Nibelungenlied.... 20 Colby, Frank Moore, and Sandeman, George. Nelson's Encyclopædia... 259 Colby, Miss J. Rose. Literature and Lite in School.. 233 Conway, Moncure Daniel. My Pilgrimage to the Wise Men of the East 8 Cook, Albert S. The Higher Study of English. 17 Cornish, Charles J. Animal Artisans... 866 "Craddock, Charles Egbert.” The Amulet 227 “ Craddock, Charles Egbert." The Windfall. 815 Craig, W.J. Shakespeare's Works, Oxford edition 20 Crawford, F. Marion. A Lady of Rome 15 Crockett, S. R. The White Plume.... 144 Crump, Lucy. Letters of George Birkbeck Hill 78 Cundall, Frank. Lady Nugent's Journal... 316 Cunynghame, Henry H. European Enamels.. 230 Cust, Lionel. Anthony Van Dyck, condensed edition 232 Dana, John Cotton, and Kent, Henry W. Literature of Libraries in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries 73 Dargan, Olive Tilford. Lords and Lovers.. 253 Davidson, H. A. Irving's Sketch Book. 117 Davidson, John. Holiday.. 254 Davis, Mrs. M. E. M. The Price of Silence. 380 Davis, Richard Harding. Real Soldiers of Fortunel. 83 Dawson, Coningsby William. The Worker 255 Dawson, W. J. Makers of English Poetry, and Makers of English Prose, new editions.. 20 De Morgan, William. Alice-for-Short. 875 De Morgan, William. Joseph Vance 13 De Windt, Harry. Through Savage Europe. 374 Derby, George. A Conspectus of American Biography. 259 Dillon, Mary. The Leader... 17 Ditmars, Raymond L. The Reptile Book.. 365 Dobson, Austin. Goldsmith's Poems, revised edition. 117 Dow, Earle W. Emancipation of Mediæval Towns 347 Doyle, A. Conan. Sir Nigel . 14 “Drawings of the Great Masters " series.. 231 Dreyfus, Lilian Shuman. In Praise of Leaves.. 254 Dudeney, Mrs. Henry. The Battle of the Weak. 226 Dunham, Edith. Fifty Flower Friends with Familiar Faces 381 Edwardes, Marian. A Summary of the Literatures of Modern Europe.. 381 Edwards, A. Herbage. Kakemono 19 Edwards, William Seymour. On the Mexican Highlands.. 374 Edwards, William Seymour. Through Scandinavia to Moscow 82 Einstein, Lewis. Da Vinci's Thoughts on Life and Art Eldridge, William Tillinghast. Hilma.. 314 Eliot, Charles W. Four American Leaders. 48 Elliot, Daniel G. Catalogue of Mammals in the Field Columbian Museum 319 "English Music," "Music-Story" series. 11 Esposito, M. Early Italian Piano Music... 20 "European Galleries, Representative Art of”. 232 Fairbanks, Arthur. Mythology of Greece and Rome.. 117 Fiala, Anthony. Fighting the Polar Ice.... 185 Field, Walter Taylor. Fingerposts to Children's Reading .. 228 Findlater, Jane H. The Ladder to the Stars. 15 Finot, Jean. Race Prejudice..... 230 FitzGerald, Edward. Agamemnon" of Æschylus, Elm Tree Press edition.. 117 Fleming, Walter L. Documentary History of Reconstruc- tion .10, 290 Fletcher, S. W. Soils. 117 Fletcher, William I. Annual Library Index, 1906. 260 Fling, Fred Morrow. A Source Book of Greek History. 380 Flint, Robert. Socialism... 111 Foord, Miss J. Decorative Plant and Flower Studies.. 229 Forbes-Lindsay, 0. H. Panama, the Isthmus and the Canal 84 Forman, H. Buxton. Keats's Poems, Oxford edition....48, 293 Fox, Herbert F. Westminster Versions.... 48 Fraser, John Foster. Pictures from the Balkans. 44 Frazar, M. D. Practical European Guide.. 381 Fuller, Hubert Bruce. The Purchase of Florida. 19 Fyvie, John. Comedy Queens of the Georgian Era. 188 Gale, Zona. Romance Island... 227 Gallatin, Albert Whistler: Notes and Footnotes. 346 Gardner, Edmund G. The King of Court Poets. 84 Garneau, Alfred. Poésies..... 256 Garrod, H. W. The Religion of All Good Men. 79 Gasquet, Abbot. Lord Acton and his Circle. 221 Geddes, J., Jr. La Chanson de Roland.. 48 Gilman, Lawrence. Strauss' Salome.... 118 Gilman, Lawrence. The Music of To-Morrow... 224 Goetschius, Percy. Thirty Piano Compositions of Men- delssohn 190 PAGE Gould. George M. Biographic Clinics, Vols. IV.-V...... 258 Gowans, Adam L. The Book of Love.. 20 "Great Etchers" series.... 231 Greely, A.W. Handbook of Polar Discoveries, third edition 88 Gruyer, Paul. Napoleon, King of Elba.. 257 Gulick, Luther H. The Eficient Life........... 258 Guyer, Michael F. Animal Micrology.. 48 Hadley, Arthur Twining. Baccalaureate Addresses 290 Hadow, G. E. and W. H. Oxford Treasury of English Literature. 292 Hapgood, Hutchins. The Spirit of Labor 287 Hapgood, Isabel F. Tourguénieft's Works, new subscription edition .819, 347 Harben, Will N. Ann Boyd.. 16 Harwood, Edith. Notable Pictures in Rome. 347 Hawker, Mary Elizabeth. Old Hampshire Vignettes 259 Hay, John, Addresses of.. 189 Haydon, A. L. Book of the V. C... 118 Henderson, W.J. Art of the Singer.. 11 Hershey, Amos S. International Law and Diplomacy of the Russo-Japanese War .... 285 Hichens, Robert. The Call of the Blood 143 Hildrup. Jessie S. Missions of California. 282 Hill, Constance. The House in St. Martin's Street. 177 Hill, David J. History of European Diplomacy. Vol. II... 189 Hill, Frederick Trevor Lincoln the Lawyer 20 Hilty, Carl. The Steps of Life ..... 188 Hoare, G. Douglas. Arctic Exploration. 231 Hobbes, John Oliver." The Dream and the Business 15 "Hohenlohe Memoirs, The". Holdich, Thomas H. Tibet the Mysterious Holme, Charles. Studio Year Book of Decorative Art. 293 Hope, Anthony. Sophy of Krayonia .... 142 Horne, Henry. Psychological Principles of Education. 45 Howard, Burt Estes. The German Empire... 105 Hudson, Henry N. Essays on English Studies Hulbert, Archer Butler. Pilots of the Republic. 147 Hume, Martin. Through Portugal.... 373 Hunt, Gaillard. First Forty Years of Washington Society 139 Huntington, Helen. The Days that Pass. 254 Hutton, Edward. The Cities of Spain. 185 Hyde, Henry M. The Upstart.... 314 Ives, George B. Bibliography of Oliver Wendell Holmes... 293 James, Henry. The American Scene. 176 Jaurés, Jean. Studies in Socialism.. 110 Jayne, Caroline Furness. String Figures. 836 Jenks, Tudor. In the Days of Goldsmith. Jerrold, Walter. Poems of Hood.... 117 Jewett, Frances Gulick. Town and City.. 118 Jowett, Benjamin. Interpretation of Scripture, "London Library” edition. 232 Kingsbury, Susan M. Court Book.. 46 Klein. Abbé Felix. La Décourverte du Vieux Monde.. 289 Knox, George William. Development of Religion in Japan 335 Landon, Perceval. Under the Sun.. 372 Lang, Andrew. Homer and his Age. 248 Lang, Elsie M. Literary London... 48 "Langham Series of Art Monographs", 48 * Large Print Library 293 Laughlin, Clara E. Felicity. 315 Lawton, Frederick. Life and Work of Auguste Rodin. 290 Layard, George Somes. Sir Thomas Lawrence's Letter-bag 82 Lee, Sidney. Shakespeare and the Modern Stage..... 220 Lefèvre, Edwin. Sampson Rock of Wall Street.. 378 Leland, Charles G., and others. Collected Works of Heine.. 48 Lenotre, M. Flight of Marie Antoinette... 141 Levussove, M. S. New Art of an Ancient People. 149 Lippmann, Fr. Engraving and Etching.. 846 Lloyd, Albert B. Uganda to Khartoum. 372 Locke, William J. The Beloved Vagabond. 142 Lodge, John Ellerton. “The Agamemnon". 347 Lodge, Sir Oliver. Substance of Faith Allied with Science.. 841 Longfellow's “ Hanging of the Crane," Centennial edition.. 292 Longfellow's Inaugural Address at Bowdoin College, limited reprint.. 149 * Longmans' Pocket Library 380 Lounsbury, Thomas R. The Text of Shakespeare. 39 "Love Letters of Henry VIII. to Anne Boleyn". 81 Lovett, Robert Morss. A Winged Victory.. 878 Low, Sidney. A Vision of India... 372 Lowell, Percival. Mars and its Canals. 76 Lucas, E. V. Fireside and Sunshine.. 288 McCarthy, Justin Huntly. The Illustrious O'Hagan. 145 McCook, Henry Christopher. Nature's Craftsmen.. 366 McCracken, W. D. The Italian Lakes...... 873 McCutcheon, John T. Congressman Pumphrey. 292 MacFall, Haldane. Ibsen... 116 232 .... 259 INDEX vii. ..., 347 ....., 319 edition.... 47 PAGE McGaffey, Ernest. Outdoors.... 370 McMaster, John Bach. History of the People of the United States, Vol. VI.. 179 Macmillan's "New Classical Library”. 118 McPherson, Logan G. The Working of Railroads. 282 Madden, John. Forest Friends.... 369 Maeterlinck, Maurice. Measure of the Hours. 346 Magill, Edward Hicks. Sixty-five Years in the Life of a Teacher, 258 Maitland, Frederic W. Life and Letters of Leslie Stephen.. 102 Maitland, J. A. Fuller. Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Vol. III..... 256 "Malet, Lucas." The Far Horizon.. 225 Marchmont, Arthur W. In the Cause of Freedom., 379 Marsh, George L. Sources and Analogues of 'The Flower and the Leat'. 190 Martin, Martha Evans. The Friendly Stars.. 317 Mason, A. E. W. Running Water.. 876 Mason, Daniel Gregory. The Romantic Composers.. 224 Massee, George. Text-Book of Plant Diseases.. 319 Mathew, Frank. Ireland, cheaper edition.. 380 Mangham, R. O. F. Portuguese East Africa. 873 Maxwell, W. B. The Guarded Flame. 14 "Men of the Kingdom" series... 320, 380 Merrill, George P. Rocks, Rock Weathering, and Soils, new edition 149 Molloy, Fitzgerald. Sir Joshua and his Circle. 115 Monroe, William Bennett. The Seignorial System in Canada 318 Moore, Mrs. N. Hudson. Collector's Manual. 81 Moore, Robert W. German Literature, sixth edition.. 231 More, Paul Elmer. Shelburne Essays, fourth series... 118 Morgan, Thomas Hunt. Experimental Zoology. 228 Morley, Margaret W. Grasshopper Land.. 380 Morse, Edward S. Mars and its Mystery. 75 Moss, Mary. The Poet and the Parish. 16 Mottelay, Paul F. The Bridge Blue Book. 117 Munro, H. A. J. Translations into Latin and Greek Verse 48 Munson, J. Reminiscences of a Mosby Guerrilla... 145 Murray, Gilbert. Euripides' Medea, The Trojan Women, and Electra.. 118 "Musicians' Library” .20, 190, 260, 347 Neilson, William Allen. Shakespeare's Works, Cambridge 20 Nettleship, R. L. Thomas Hill Green.. Nettleton, George Henry. Major Dramas of Sheridan. 320 Nevill, Ralph. Reminiscences of Lady Dorothy Nevill. 148 “Newnes' Art Library”. 232 Nicholson, Meredith. The Port of Missing Men. Nicholson, Watson, Struggles for a Free Stage in London 114 Nicolay, John G., and Hay, John. Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg editon, Vols. XI.-XII.... 190 Nicoll, Robertson. The Key of the Blue Closet.. 47 Norton, Charles Eliot. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 117 Noyes, Alfred. Poems.. 255 Ogden, Rollo. Life of Edwin Lawrence Godkin. 216 Oxenham, John. The Long Road.. 376 "Oxford Editions of the Poets" . 117, 293 Oxford Library of Translations" 85 Oxford Higher French Series”. ..117, 260 Page, Thomas Nelson, Collected Works of, Plantation 190 Page, Thomas Nelson. The Coast of Bohemia... 252 Papinot, M. E. Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie du Japon... 84 Parrish, Randall. Bob Hampton of Placer. 16 Parsons, Mrs. Clement. Garrick and his Circle. 18 Pasture, Mrs. Henry de la. The Lonely Lady of Grosvenor Square 226 Paul, Herbert. History of Modern England, Vol. V. 114 Payne, Will. When Love Speaks.. 228 Peary, R. E. Nearest the Pole... 804 Peloubet, Francis N. Studies in the Book of Job 818 Pemberton, Max. The Diamond Ship... 377 Penfield, Frederic Courtland. East of Suez.... 871 Philipp. Isidor. Anthology of French Piano Music. 847 Phillips, David Graham. The Second Generation... 814 Phillpotts, Eden. The Whirlwind.. 376 Phillpotts, Eden, and Bennett, Arnold, Doubloons 144 Pier, Arthur Stanwood. The Young in Heart. Plantz, Samuel. The Church and the Social Problem. 13 Platt, Hugh E. P. A Last Ramble in the Classics. 83 Plumb, Charles 8. Types and Breeds of Farm Animals.. 232 Plunkett, Charles Hare. The Letters of One 343 Pond, Oscar Lewis. Municipal Control of Public Utilities.. 117 Porter, Charlotte, and Clarke, Helen. Shakespeare's Works, "First Folio" edition... 20, 232 Potter, Margaret. The Princess 315 PAGE Pratt, James B. Psychology of Religious Belief....... 148 Prince, Leon C. Bird's-Eye View of American History Prudden, T. Mitchell. On the Great American Plateau. 374 Putnam, George Haven, Censorship of the Church of Rome 338 Quiller-Couch, A. T. Poison Island.... 377 Quiller-Couch, A. T. Sir John Constantine 144 Raleigh, Walter. Samuel Johnson 231 Ravenel, Mrs. St. Julien. Charleston. 291 Rawlinson, W. G. Turner's "Liber Studiorum," new edn. 819 Raymond, George Lansing. Essentials of Æsthetics, new edition 117 Reich, Emil. Alphabetical Encyclopædia of Institutions, Persons, Events, etc., of Ancient History and Geography 118 Reich, Emil. Success in Life. 230 Reid, Whitelaw. Greatest Fact in Modern History. Reinecke, Carl. Twenty Piano Compositions of Mozart.... 260 Rexford, Eben. Four Seasons in the Garden.. 367 Rhodes, James Ford. History of the United States, Vols. VI.-VII... 180 Richards, Laura E. Letters and Journals of Samuel Gridley Howe: The Greek Revolution. 187 Rickett, Arthur. The Vagabond in Literature.. 146 Riedl, Frederick, History of Hungarian Literature 115 Rivers, W. H. R. The Todas..... 317 Roberts, Charles G. D. Haunters of the Silences. 369 Robinson, W. The Garden Beautiful.. 367 Rodd, Sir Rennell. The Princes of Achaia and The Chronicles of Morea.. 808 Root, Robert K. The Poetry of Chaucer. 46 Rose, Elise Whitlock. Cathedrals and Cloisters of the South of France 345 Rose, J. Holland. Napoleon's Last Voyages. 257 Rosebery, Lord. Lord Randolph Churchill 114 Russell, G. W. E. Social Silhouettes 46 Russell, George W. E. Seeing and Hearing 316 Ryan, John A. A Living Wage.. 288 Schofield, William H. English Literature from the Norman Conquest to Chaucer.. 115 Scollard, Clinton. Easter-Song. 253 Searns, Frank Preston. Life and Genius of Hawthorne.. 46 Sedgwick, Mabel Cabot. The Garden Month by Month.. 368 Seeley, E. L. Stories of the Italian Artists from Vasari 318 Seignobos, Charles. History of Civilization...... Seligman, Edwin R. A. Principles of Economics.. 86 Shaw, George Bernard. Dramatic Opinions and Essays. 13 Sheehan, Father. Early Essays and Lectures... Sherring, Charles A. Western Tibet and the British Bor- derland 43 Shoemaker, Michael Myers. Winged Wheels in France. 373 Sidgwick, Mrs. Alfred. The Kingman... 877 Sladen, Douglas. Encyclopædia of Sicily. 260 Slater, J. H. English Book Prices Current, 1905-6. 84 Slicer, Thomas R. The Way to Happiness. 231 Smith, Alice Prescott. Montlivet. 17 Smith, Goldwin. Labour and Capital.. 287 Smith, H. Maynard. In Playtime 229 Smith, Ruel Perley. Prisoners of Fortune. 878 Snaith, John Collis. Henry Northcote.. 143 Spargo, John. Socialism.... 110 Spears, John R. Short History of the American Navy. 320 Staley, Edgcumbe. The Guilds of Florence.. 41 Stanley, Caroline Abbott, A Modern Madonna.. 379 Stedman, Edmund C., and Thomas L. Complete Pocket- Guide to Europe, 1907 edition.... 380 Steel, Flora Annie. A Sovereign Remedy.. 225 Stephen, H. L. Cobbett's English Grammar 190 Stephen, Sir James. Essays in Ecclesiastical Biography, new edition... 232 Stevenson, Burton E. Affairs of State. 16 Stiles, Henry Reed. Joutel's Journal of La Salle's Last Voyage, new edition. 283 Stone, Christopher. Sea Songs and Ballads. 190 Sturgis, Russell. Htstory of Architecture, Vol. I. 137 Swettenham, Sir Frank. British Malaya.... 343 Symons, Arthur. Introduction to the Study of Browning, new edition... 232 Symons, Arthur. The Fool of the World. 254 Synge, M. B. Short History of Social Life in England. 289 Talbot, Rt. Rev. Ethelbert. My People of the Plains. 247 Taylor, Bert Leston. The Charlatans.. 228 Taylor, Mary Imlay. The Impersonator.. 17 "Temple Greek and Latin Classics”. 48 Thistleton-Dyer, T.F. Folklore of Women. 257 Thomas, Calvin. Anthology of German Literature.. 113 Thomas, Edward. Pocket Book of Poems and Songs for the Open Air... 380 Thomas, W. I. Sex and Society. 146 84 227 edition .... 317 vü. INDEX PAGE Thrum, Thomas G. Hawaiian Folk Tales... 292 Torrence, Ridgely. Abelard and Héloise.. 252 Torrey, Bradford. Friends on the Shelf. 145 Torrey, Bradford. Writings of Thoreau, Walden edition... 107 Tower, Walter S. History of the American Whale Fishery.. 347 Tozzer, Alfred M. . Comparative Study of the Mayas and the Lacandones.. 117 Train, Arthur. The Prisoner at the Bar. 291 Trask, Katrina. Night and Morning.. 254 Treffry, Elferd E. Encyclopædia of Familiar Quotations... 20 Trine, Ralph Waldo. In the Fire of the Heart. 287 Tucker, T. G. Life in Ancient Athens...... 148 " Tudor and Stuart Library”. 257 Tuttle, Rt. Rev. T. S. Reminiscences of a Missionary Bishop 247 Underwood, Loring. The Garden and its Accessories... 81 Vambery, Arminius. Western Culture in Eastern Lands... 312 Vaughan, Charles Edwyn. The Romantic Revolt. 319 Waddell, L. Austine. Lhasa and its Mysteries, third edition 43 Wallace, Dillon, The Long Labrador Trail. 374 Wallace, Lew, Autobiography of.... 34 Wallace; Malcolm W. Abraham's Sacrifiant. 232 Walters, H. B. The Art of the Greeks... 147 Ward, A. W. Works of Mrs. Gaskell, Knutsford” edition 231 Washington, Booker T. Frederick Douglass... 345 Watson, H. B. Marriott. A Midsummer Day's Dream. 226 Watson, H. B. Marriott. The Privateers... 226 PAGE Watson, William. Text-Book of Practical Physics.... 118 Weingartner, Felix. Symphony Writers since Beethoven.. 48 "Wellcome's Photographic Exposure Record and Diary" for 1907. 320 Wells, H.G. In the Days of the Comet. 14 "Wesley's Journal," abridged edition. 179 Weyman, Stanley J. Chippinge Borough. 144 Whitlock, Brand. The Turn of the Balance. 314 Whitson, John H. The Castle of Doubt.. 379 “Who's Who" (English), 1907.... 117 Williams, Elizabeth O. Sojourning, Shopping, and Studying in Paris.... 381 Williams, Henry L. Lincolnics.. 117 Woodburn, James A., and Moran, Thomas F. American History and Government.. 118 Woodrow, Mrs. Wilson. The Bird of Time.. 345 “Workingmen, A Practical Programme for " 110 Wright, Carroll D. The Battles of Labor. 287 Wright, Mabel Osgood. Birdcraft, seventh edition. 319 Wright, Thomas. Life of Walter Pater. 280 Wyld, Henry Cecil. Historical Study of the Mother Tongue 344 Young, Filson. Christopher Columbus and the New World of his Discovery... 842 Young, Filson. Mastersingers. 224 Zimmern, Helen. Italy of the Italians. 187 MISCELLANEOUS Concordance Society, The... 233 German and American Reading Habits. American Librarian. 279 London Times, The, and the Publishers. A Scientific Editor 101 Magazines, On Reading the. S. P. Delany.. 175 Negro American, The “Case" of the. W. E. B. Du Bois... 278 Shakespeare for Children. Charles Welsh. 303 Shakespeare, Reading of, to Children. Walter Taylor Field 279 JAN 21. THE DIAL A SEMI- MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. EDITED BY 1 Volume XLII. FRANCIS F. BROWNE ) No. 493. CHICAGO, JAN. 1, 1907. 10 cts. a copy. $2. a year. { FINE ARTS BUILDING 203 Michigan Blvd. ALL SAY IT IS THE BEST SHAKESPEARE COMPLETE IN ONE VOLUME Edited by W. A. NEILSON, Professor of English at Harvard University. With a critical and scholarly Introduction, Glossary and standard numbering of lines. In the Cambridge Poets Series. “An authoritative and thoroughly modern edition, worthy to rank with the best critical versions extant. . . . 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ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER BY THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. No. 493. JANUARY 1, 1907. Vol. XLII. CONTENTS. PAGE A CLINIC ON THE DRAMA . 3 CASUAL COMMENT The serious study of Fiction. — The history and futility of enforced spelling-reform. - The old “Farmer's Almanac." — Tolstoy's attempted over- throw of Shakespeare. — Alcohol as a stimulus to literary productivity. The people who do not read books. — The Index Expurgatorius as a book- advertiser. Baron Munchausen's prototype. The death of Charlotte Brontë's husband. - A novel with Shakespeare as hero. THE TRAVELS OF A TRUTH-SEEKER. Percy F. Bicknell. 8 INSIDE LIGHT ON RECONSTRUCTION. David Y. Thomas 10 MUSIC AND ITS VOTARIES. Josiah Renick Smith 11 SOCIAL SERMONS FOR THE TIMES. Charles Richmond Henderson 12 RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne . 13 De Morgan's Joseph Vance. - Maxwell's The Guarded Flame. Conan Doyle's Sir Nigel. - Wells's In the Days of the Comet. - John Oliver Hobbes's Dream and the Business. — Miss Find- later's The Ladder to the Stars. - Miss Cholmon- deley's Prisoners Fast Bound. Miss Bowen's The Viper of Milan. — Crawford's A Lady of Rome. - Stevenson's Affairs of State. Parrish's Bob Hampton of Placer. - Harben's Ann Boyd. -- Miss Moss's The Poet and the Parish. — Miss Taylor's The Impersonator. — Miss Smith's Montlivet. - Miss Dillon's The Leader. BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 17 Incentives to a higher range of literary study. Garrick and the social life of his time. The in- scrutable problem of New York politics. — The structure and activities of birds. — Pleasant scenes from familiar Japanese life. — The story of the acquisition of Florida. -The legal side of Lincoln's life and character. BRIEFER MENTION 20 NOTES 20 LIST OF NEW BOOKS 21 A CLINIC ON THE DRAMA. “Why have we made such a beggarly mess of our drama?” The question is a pertinent one, and Mr. Henry Arthur Jones, who first puts it and then attempts to find its answer, is an expert whose critical opinion is baoked by a record of very substantial performance in the field of dramatic craftmanship, a record cover- ing a quarter-century of industrious activity. Mr. Jones, who recently visited this country, took occasion to deliver himself of certain views concerning the art which he represents, views which were primarily offered to academic au- diences at Harvard and Yale and are now being circulated in printed form among the larger American public. The Harvard address, upon “The Corner Stones of Modern Drama," is published in pamphlet form ; while the Yale lecture, called “Literature and the Modern Drama," appears in the “ Atlantic Monthly" for December. Both are thoughtful and weighty deliverances, sound in their fundamental con- tentions and deserving of the most attentive consideration. The primary cause of our barrenness in dramatic production is naturally provided by our inheritance of puritanism. If the better elements of our society — or even a large pro- portion of these better elements avert their gaze from the drama, or are filled with suspicion when they actually give it a share of their atten- tion, it becomes a matter of course that support of the stage and encouragement of dramatic writing will be left to a public of lower average quality than would otherwise be the case. This lowering of the standards of taste will be notice- able all along the line ; it will give everywhere an undue advantage to the artificial over the natural, to the mediocre over the excellent, to vacuity over thought, and to vulgarity over re- finement. It is not too much to say, with Mr. Jones, “We owe the imbecility and paralysis of our drama to-day to the insane rage of puritanism that would see nothing in the theatre but a horrible, unholy thing to be crushed and stamped out of existence. ... The feel- ing of horror and fright of the theatre, engendered at the Restoration, is even to-day widely prevalent and operative among religious classes in England and Amer- ica. It muddles and stupefies our drama, and degrades . 4 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL it from the rank of a fine art to the rank of a somewhat elevation into a fine art.” The third class, a disreputable form of popular entertainment." large one also, containing “ some of the sound- This is surely an unwholesome condition, est and best elements of the Anglo-Saxon race, and, what is more to the point, it is an unnat very influential, very respectable, very much to ural condition for the English-speaking people. be regarded, and consulted, and feared," assumes For our race " is naturally and instinctively a an attitude of active hostility to the stage and dramatic race; a race of action ; a race fitted all connected therewith. This hostile spirit, for great exploits on the outer and larger stage imagining its motives to be of the highest, of the world's history, and also for great ex "everywhere sets up a current of ill-will and ploits on the inner and smaller stage of the ill-nature toward the drama throughout the two theatre. We have proved our mettle on both entire nations ; it everywhere stimulates oppo- stages. We hold the world's prize for drama.” sition to the theatre ; it keeps alive prejudices And yet our estate is now so miserable that even that would otherwise have died down two hun- the smaller European countries are justified in dred years ago; and it is, in my opinion, the pointing the finger of scorn in our direction. one great obstacle to the rise and development Turning from his general arraignment to of a serious, dignified, national art of the drama." more specific considerations, Mr. Jones proceeds This is the spirit against which missionary effort to conduct a clinic upon our pitiable case, and should be directed, not so much in the way of indicates the “symptoms and conditions" which denunciation as of appeal, for it is, after all, a seem to him the “secondary and resultant causes spirit of sincerity, however mistaken in its view and signs” of the disease from which we suffer. and however narrow in its knowledge. They are, in the order of statement (which is Such an appeal is eloquently voiced by our also the order of their importance) the following: author in a lengthy passage from which the fol- The divorce of our drama from literature, the lowing sentences may be extracted : absence “ from modern English plays of any « The dramatic instinct is ineradicable, inexhaustible; sane, consistent, and intelligible ideas about it is entwined with all the roots of our nature; you may morality,” the separation of the drama from its watch its incessant activity in your own children; almost sister arts, the lack of standards and traditions, every moment of the day they are acting some little play; as we grow up and strengthen, this dramatic in- the want of suitable means for the training of stinct grows up and strengthens in us; as our shadow, actors, the star system with all its attendant it clings to us; we cannot escape from it; we cannot evils, and the too great“ dependence help picturing back to ourselves some copy of this lations and adaptations of foreign plays.” All strange, eventful history of ours; this strange earthly life of ours throws everywhere around us and within of these discouraging facts are "inextricably us reflections and re-reflections of itself; we act it over related to each other; many of them are, indeed, and over again in the chambers of imagery, and in only different aspects of the same facts ; they dreams, and on the silent secret stage of our own soul. are woven all of a piece with each other, and When some master dramatist takes these reflections, and combines them, and shapes them into a play for us, very with that puritan horror of the theatre which I Nature herself is behind him, working through him for believe to be the cardinal reason that neither our welfare. So rigidly economical, so zealously frugal England nor America has to-day an art of the is she, that what is at first a mere impulse to play, a mere drama at all worthy the dignity, the resources, impulse to masquerade and escape from life — this idle and the self-respect of a great nation.” We pastime she transforms and glorifies into a masterpiece of wisdom and beauty; it becomes our sweet and lovable might discuss each count of this indictment at guide in the great business and conduct of life. * ... length, but this condensed diagnosis is all that This, then, is the use of the theatre, that men may learn space will allow. the great rules of life and conduct in the guise of a play; In their attitude toward the stage, Mr. Jones learn them, not formally, didactically, as they learn in distinguishes three classes of people in the Anglo- taneously, and oftentimes, believe me, with a more as- school and in church, but pleasantly, insensibly, spon- American public. First, there are the mere sured and lasting result in manners and conduct. seekers after amusement, “ newly enfranchised Look at the vast population of our great cities crowding from the prison house of puritanism, eager to more and more into our theatres, demanding there to be enjoy themselves at the theatre in the easiest given some kind of representation of life, some form of play. ... The effect of your absence, and your dis- way, without traditions, without any real judg- countenance, will merely be to lower the moral and intel- ment of plays or acting.' This is the largest lectual standard of the plays that will be given. Will you class, and next to it we have the class of those never learn the lesson of the English Restoration, that who occasionally visit the theatre, but generally when the best and most serious classes of the nation de- feel uneasy about the drama, and are “ quite * “ The little mime which all children delight to play has but to wait for Æschylus, Shakespeare, Goethe, in order to receive for indifferent to its higher development and to its ts content the whole of human culture.” Thomas Davidson. upon trans- 1907.] 5 THE DIAL test and defame their theatre, it instantly justifies their “ much more of an institution, less of an after- abuse and becomes indeed a scandal and a source of cor- dinner entertainment" than with the English ruption? Many of you already put Shakespeare next to the Bible, as the guide and inspirer of our race. Why public. This view is flattering, but possibly a bit then do you despise his calling, and vilify his disciples, roseate. In similar strain, we read in the Har- and misunderstand his art?" vard lecture : “ Your nation has, what all young These are searching questions, and the foe of nations have, what England is losing, the power the theatre, if he will but heed them, should be to be moved by ideas, and that divine resilient led to an examination of his conscience that can quality of youth, the power to be stirred and hardly fail to soften inveterate prejudice and dis- frenzied by ideals.” We should like to believe arm hostile purpose. this, and are inclined to think that there is some Having cleared the ground, as it were, by reason for such a faith. At least, we may do the preliminary. exposition of the obstacles with much to make it truth by taking to heart the elo- which the drama has to contend, Mr. Jones quent adjuration which closes this address. proceeds to lay the corner stones of the dramatic “Let your lives be fuller of meaning and purpose edifice of the future. They are four in number. than ours have lately been; have the wisdom richly to endow and unceasingly to foster all the arts, and all that One is “the recognition of the drama as the makes for majesty of life and character rather than for highest and most difficult form of literature"; material prosperity and comfort. Especially foster and another is the dramatist's right “ to deal with honour this supreme art of Shakespeare's, so much neg- the serious problems of life, with the passions lected and misunderstood in both countries: endow it in of men and women in the spirit of the broad, all your cities; build handsome, spacious theatres; train your actors: reward your dramatists, sparingly with fees, wise, sane, searching morality of the Bible and but lavishly with laurels; bid them dare to paint American Shakespeare”; another is “the severance of the life sanely, truthfully, searchingly, for you. Dare to see drama from popular entertainment” and its your life thus painted. Dare to let your drama ridicule establishment as an art “ in marked and eternal and reprove your follies and vices and deformities. Dare antagonism to popular entertainment"; and the to let it mock and whip, as well as amuse you. Dare to let it be a faithful mirror. Make it one of your chief fourth is the establishment of suitable systems counsellors. Set it on the summit of your national es- of training for actors, and of schools (not in the teem, for it will draw upwards all your national life and narrow sense) for the encouragement of serious character; upwards to higher and more worthy levels, to dramatic composition. Upon all of these sub- starry heights of wisdom and beauty and resolve and aspiration." jects the author has something to say, and the first of them in particular, the relation of the drama to literature, is made the theme of the entire lecture delivered at Yale. CASUAL COMMENT. American plays,” he asks, “ are in active circu- THE SERIOUS STUDY OF FICTION, so warmly advo- lation among you, so that on reading them over cated by Professor Phelps of Yale, is finding favor you can put your finger on the fine passages with many novelists of the day or, one might that amused you or stirred you when you saw safely affirm, with them all. Mr. Booth Tarkington them acted ?" The question is too evidently enlarges on the benefits of such study, if devoted to ironical to call for an answer. The essence of novels of a certain type, in familiarizing the student the argument that follows is that our drama may with Indiana life and manners. Mr. Upton Sinclair acquire the character of literature, not by cloth- is reported as declaring that novel-study will be required for a degree from the Jungle University, ing its lines in the verbal garb of imitative blank soon to be established at Helicon. Mr. George Ade verse, and not by clothing its characters in the says a good word for the movement as one (we will costumes of past ages, but by plunging into suppose) likely to result in a more serious study of the pulsating life of the present, and by por college widowhood and other weighty sociological traying real men and women in real relations problems. Expectation is cherished that a student one with another. would gladly devote three or four times the number In some respects, Mr. Jones looks upon Amer of hours to a course in modern novels that he would ica as more favorably predisposed than England give to one in ancient language and literature, with to foster the reformed drama of the future. Since a correspondingly greater intellectual quickening. his return, he has unburdened himself of the im- Says Professor Phelps : “ The two most beneficial pressions made by his visit in the columns of the ways to study a novel are to regard it, first, as an London “ Daily Telegraph,” noting particularly art form, and, secondly, as a manifestation of intel- lectual life." To this Mr. Ade adds: “But there the immense hold which the theatre has upon are other ways. It is desirable to ascertain the public, and the urbane spirit of the audiences that identity of best sellers, and to study the reasons why throng our playhouses. With us, the theatre is they sell. The mechanism of publication should be 6. How many our 6 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL DIAL AND FUTILITY OF studied also; as, for example, the methods of pub- dictions in this almanac are eminently safe and lishers in negotiating royalties, the best methods of conservative. The likelihood of “cold, raw winds” street-car and bill-board advertising, the art of in early March will be disputed by none, nor the printing on rotten paper,” etc. Manifestly the great probability of “a few days of fine weather” later novel-manufacturing industry must be recognized. on. The occurrence of “ a few warm days” toward Mumbling over the mummies of antiquity will no the middle of May is put down as not beyond the longer answer. bounds of reasonable expectation. The unconscious THE HISTORY humor of this historic annual makes it very cheerful ENFORCED SPELLING-REFORM were ably discussed by Professor reading. Mark H. Liddell in a recent lecture before the TOLSTOY'S ATTEMPTED OVERTHROW OF SHAKE- Twentieth Century Club of Boston. So-called re SPEARE now attracts the attention of the literary form was undertaken as early as 1200 B. C. by world. The first instalment of this remorseless dis- Orm in his attempt to devise a method of distin- section of Shakespeare — whereby it is intended to guishing long from short vowels. Queen Elizabeth, tumble him down from a usurped eminence - ap- among countless others possessed of more zeal than pears in the December “ Fortnightly Review," and knowledge, tried her royal hand at revising our consists mainly in a picking to pieces of “ King Lear” spelling. (Our own chief magistrate follows a dis- in order to display all its absurdities, anachronisms, tinguished precedent.) In the "classic" age the improprieties, and impossibilities. “The unquestion- movement halted, but received fresh impulse in the able glory of a great genius which Shakespeare en- middle of the nineteenth century. “The current joys,” declares his latest critic, “and which compels movement,” said the lecturer, “ furnishes little that writers of our time to imitate him, and readers and is new, in spite of a somewhat impossible combina- spectators to discover in him non-existent merits — tion of amateur enthusiasm, professional beneficence, thereby distorting their æsthetic and ethical under- and executive authority." He well urged that easy standing — is a great evil, as is every untruth.” spelling might prove hard reading. "So many of With that the Russian reformer girds himself to his our strong words being monosyllabic, of two or three self-appointed task of rectifying error and exposing sounds, it would be very difficult to identify them sham, with all the narrowness and all the devotion rapidly if they were spelled phonetically.” “ It is the to one idea which we expect in a prophet but hardly eye that reads, not the ear: the value of an eye sug- desire in a literary critic. Of course what this honest gestion depends upon its distinction from the forms unbeliever in Shakespeare fails to perceive, and what about it.” Many other arguments were brought therefore puzzles him, is that literature and life, how- forward against spelling-reform as at present under-ever closely related, are not identical; that in litera- taken; but it was not denied that reform is possible, ture the ideal element enters in to color and transform even desirable, if instituted, for example, by a rightly the bald reality, else poetry (whether lyric, epic, or constituted National Academy. Significant in con dramatic) would be impossible. That his attack on nection with this whole subject, and encouraging also, Shakespeare will be taken seriously is not for a mo- is the recent refusal of Congress to follow the lead ment to be apprehended, so amusing and at the same of the White House in the matter of heterography. time so pathetic is this misdirection of great powers. THE OLD “FARMER'S ALMANAC” is appearing at ALCOHOL AS A STIMULUS TO LITERARY PRODUC- this new-year's season as a welcome visitor in many TIVITY is the subject of recent research prosecuted households, especially in the Eastern states. Its by Dr. F. van Vleuten, a German poet and medical respectable antiquity and unchanging form make it student. In no country are the delights of wine, almost an American institution. Worthy of Poor woman, and song more keenly appreciated than Richard himself are some of its maxims, as for ex among the Teutons; and as they are preëminently ample: “ Every man should attend well to his own a writing and a wine and beer drinking people, business; but this does not mean that he should their ideas on the relation of liquor to literature are never go from home.” “Economy is a virtue; but worth considering. Out of one hundred and fifty there is a true and a false economy.” “ While the leading German writers who were questioned on hay should n't be shaken out when the morning dew their habits and views in respect to the cup that is heavy upon it, you need not lie abed for the dew cheers and also, occasionally, inebriates, one hun- to dry; there is plenty to do.” Obvious at a glance dred and fifteen replied; and the general nature of is the wider application of the following : “ It used their replies is published in a Berlin literary journal. to be thought that anything in the shape of apples Ninety per cent avoid all alcoholic stimulants before would do for making cider; but if you want a first work, but in hours of recreation find a glass of wine class product, you must use good stock.” The house or beer refreshing and invigorating. The older men wife is warned that “making mince pies is a serious rather favor a moderate indulgence in drink even in matter and not to be lightly undertaken. All the working hours, while among the juniors total absti- materials should be of the best quality, each ingre nence is not without its followers. Herr Adolf dient have its due proportion, and the aggregate be Wilbrandt, the novelist and dramatist, sends in a blended into a harmonious whole.” Weather pre laconic answer: “I drink wine, I also drink beer, 1907.] 7 THE DIAL cessors. because they increase my joy of living and intensify phanes of Berge. Stephen of Byzantium says that my emotions ; but I never take a drop of liquor in “ to be a man of Berge is to speak nothing true.” any form before work.” On the whole, it is en (Burge, by the way, is, as Strabo tells us, " a village couraging to note a growing tendency in Germany in the land of the Bisaltians as thou goest up the Stry- to discredit alcohol as an aid to good brain-work. mon, distant from Amphipolis about two hundred The cold-water poets are gaining ground. stades.”) In a certain city, which is nameless, Anti- phanes, in the fourth century B.C., "heard the sounds, THE PEOPLE WHO DO NOT READ BOOKS are in so in summer, which had been frozen the previous win- overwhelming a majority that it is a surprise, and ter.” Splendidly mendacious also was Antonius a wholesome one, to readers to be reminded now and Diogenes, who lived about the time of Alexander of then of their own insignificant minority. One sin Macedon. His “ True History” is a masterpiece of gular fact is that writers of the greatest renown may plausiblelying, though he blundered into an accidental have the fewest readers, - as, for example, Chaucer, verity in describing the midnight sun in Thule, a bit Spenser, Shakespeare, Milton. Among eminent but of truth inadvertently admitted also to the pages of little-read living authors, a clever English critic men- Ctesias of Cnidus. One Timæus, too, and a certain tions Mr. Henry James and Mr. Meredith. This Pytheas are said to have been adroit narrators of writer (Mr. E. V. Lucas ) says: “ Few names could things that were not so. But, after all, there is no stand higher than his [Mr. James's], and yet it is prob- monopoly in lying, the great lies are not copyrighted, able that all the readers of his last novel could be and hence probably the preëminence of our amiable comfortably housed in a town no bigger than Little Baron, who stood on the shoulders of all his prede- hampton. And if Hitchin were reserved for the genuine readers of Mr. Meredith there would prob THE DEATH OF CHARLOTTE BRONTË's HUSBAND, ably still be a number of empty houses.” Those who in his ninetieth year, would pass unnoticed but for really do read are these: “Confirmed spinsters “ Confirmed spinsters the still-living fame of the long-dead wife. And yet read books, studious bachelors read books, invalids the curate of Haworth was a remarkable man, if read books ; dons and schoolmasters read books ; | only for his half-century and more of reticence in young men and women on their way to business regard to his illustrious better half. “I married read books ; school-girls and school-boys read books ; Charlotte Brontë, not Currer Bell,” he is reported to old-fashioned folk in the evening read books. And have declared when questioned about her. A recent that is about all. The vast mass of persons that writer calls him “a marvel of reticence in a garru- remain . . . read no books. How can they ? Life lous age.” It was in 1854 that Mr. Nicholls mar- comes first, and after life, play, and after play, sleep. ried the daughter of the Rev. Patrick Brontë, after Books are embroidery." considerable opposition on the father's part. Upon her death in 1855 the widower took on himself the THE INDEX EXPURGATORIUS AS A BOOK-ADVER care of his father-in-law, and protected him against TISER is demonstrating its merits in these days. biographers too little appreciative of the old man's “Eve's Diary,” withdrawn from circulation by a merits. The last part of his life was passed by small country library, has leaped into something Nicholls on a small estate in Ireland, where he lived like national fame, and is in eager demand in seclusion, an enigma to the outside world, or to because the artist illustrating this harmless skit of such small fraction of it as chanced to give him a Mark Twain's showed a natural disinclination to de- thought. part from accepted tradition as to Garden-of-Eden A NOVEL WITH SHAKESPEARE AS HERO, and fashions. Another of the same author's works, a entitled “A Comedy on Kronberg,” has just been book on Christian Science, is awaited with redoubled interest because of the unwillingness so long felt, or completed by Mr. Sophus Bauditz, a popular Danish said to have been felt, by the publishers to issue it. writer of fiction. The story, which will probably The Hohenlohe memoirs have been speedily brought appear in English as well as Danish, has to do with a company of English actors that went to Denmark into world prominence by the German Emperor's in 1586. On the voyage one of these actors, named explosions of indignation and wrath at their publi- Will, met with an accident, and on landing at Elsi- cation. The Kaiser blames Prince Philip von Ho- nore was nursed by Iver Kramme and his sister henlohe, the late chancellor's eldest son; he in turn Christence. While convalescing he read the Latin blames his brother Alexander; Prince Alexander Chronicle of Saxo Grammaticus, and became much throws the blame on Professor Curtius, the literary interested in the story of Prince Amlet. Christence, adviser ; the Professor passes it on to the publisher : conceiving an affection for Will, and learning that and the publisher what can we suppose him to do he had a family in England, died, like Ophelia, by but throw up his cap and shout long life to the drowning. Among the characters, besides the En- Emperor? glish actors, are Preben Gyldenstjerne and Jörgen BARON MUNCHAUSEN'S PROTOTYPE has been found Rosenkrands. Years after these events in Denmark, by Professor Wilamowitz-Möllendorff, or, rather, the Kramme received a copy of “Hamlet” (first quarto) professor has found a number of ancient ingenious and then first learned the identity of the man he liars of the Munchausen stripe. One of them is Anti- | had nursed. all 8 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL The New Books. and without estimating them by some tradi- tional standard of authority?” Few enough, certainly ; but of those few the volume before THE TRAVELS OF A TRUTH-SEEKER.* us may fairly be counted as one. Mr. Conway's “Earthward Pilgrimage In the days of Professor Andrews Norton, his bursting of the bonds of superstition and and of Mr. Conway's preparatory studies for supernaturalism has proved (so most of his the pulpit, the Harvard divinity students, who readers must think) a heavenward pilgrimage, used a well-known text-book of Norton's, were a rising into regions of light and freedom, of wont to style his daughters the “Evidences of breadth of view and clearness of vision. In the Christianity.” So also Mr. Conway found in the “ Prolegomena” to his latest book, “My Pil- beautiful ladies of the late Colonel Ingersoll's grimage to the Wise Men of the East," a work family, evidences of the benign influence of free originally designed as a part of his Autobio-thought. Of the famous free-thinker's warm- graphy, occur the following sentences, which well heartedness and family affection, and of his at- indicate the nature of the narrative : tachment to Walt Whitman, our author writes : “Grateful am I to sit at the feet of any master, and “On Ingersoll's last visit to Walt Whitman, – to nothing could give me more happiness than to find a whom he was bountiful, - he said, "Walt, the mistake master in the field to which the energies of my life have of your life was that you did not marry. There ought been given, — religion and religions. But herein my to be a woman here,' he added, looking around at the researches and experiences gradually developed eyes of poor chaotic room. (Ingersoll's address at the funeral my own. Whether they are strong or feeble, exact or of Walt Whitman was the grandest and most impressive inexact, they are my own organically, my only ones; utterance of that kind which I have ever heard.) One and if they cannot weigh the full value of what they very intimate friend of the family told me that when- see, there is always the hope that others will derive ever one of them applied for money, Ingersoll never from a truthful report some contribution to knowledge, asked how much, or what it was for, but pointed to a - if only an example of visual perversity !” drawer and said, "There it is; help yourself."" Here we meet again that most engaging of Comparatively brief is the author's account John Stuart Mill's qualities —a willingness, an of his travels until he reaches Ceylon. To his eagerness even, to be found in the wrong, if far-eastern impressions let us therefore give the thereby the cause of truth can be served. As most of our attention. A certain highly-educated to the immediate occasion of this circumterres- Singhalese gentleman had some interesting trial voyage in quest of light, it appears that things to tell the stranger. in 1882 Mr. Conway was invited to lecture in “Mr. Perera, a highly educated Buddhist, told me Australia, and as his South Place (London) con that the story of some English authorities of Buddha's gregation consented to give him a vacation after birth from a virgin is unknown in Ceylon. Buddha's almost twenty years of faithful service, substi- mother, Maia, died some days after Buddha's death, and in popular belief she was born a male god. My tutes were found to carry on his work during expressed hope that Buddha's father had become a god- his absence, and he embarked, July 21, 1883, dess amused him. . . . My friend was a loving reader for New York, whence he continued across the of Emerson, but could not at all feel the interest of our continent and the Pacific Ocean to Honolulu, philosopher in immortality. Indeed, he said that he Australia, Ceylon, India, and thence home by be to the vast majority of the human race glad tidings. thought a belief that death was entire extinction would way of Aden, Venice, and Paris, reaching Lon- What he said on this matter reminded me of Shake- don March 13, 1884. His search for wise men speare's thoughts as expressed by Hamlet, and also by sages who could answer his queries and set the condemned youth in • Measure for Measure.' The his doubts at rest — was evidently as vain as humble millions of the world fear death largely because they have been terrified by notions of torment after that of Socrates in his much more restricted death, or of interminable journeyings through vile journeyings, although he does not exactly fol- forms." low the example of the son of Sophroniscus in A reflection with which the author closes asserting as much. Glimpses of the inquiring one of his East-Indian chapters is noteworthy. traveller here and there, and bits of anecdote After referring to the repulsiveness of certain and reflection from his pen, will best serve to in- clauses of the orthodox Christian creed, taken troduce and commend his book to such as have book to such as have in their naked literalness, he concludes: not yet read it. " How many books are to be « To those who like myself desire to preserve and found,” he asks, " which deal with the mental continue all the varieties of religion in their own struc- and moral facts of human life without prejudice tural development, it is a satisfaction to realize the extent to which the literalism of missionaries prevents * MY PILGRIMAGE TO THE WISE MEN OF THE EAST. their doing much real harm.” Moncure Daniel Conway. Boston: Houghton, A visit to the “Countess" Blavatsky and Ву Illustrated. Mifflin & Co. 1907.) 9 THE DIAL - her little court of admirers at Adyar is enter- expected reappearance of the Mahdi to over- tainingly narrated. We quote a few passages. throw the powers of wrong ; "and with him," “ Another person present was Mr. W. T. Brown of added Arabi, “will presently appear Jesus Glasgow, a young man of pleasant manners, who told Christ, who will rebuke the errors of those who me some of his marvellous experiences; but when I in- timated that I would like to carry away some little claim to be the only Christians, and will unite marvel of my own experience, the reply unpleasantly all in the worship of one God.” Asked why recalled vain attempts made through many years to Mohammed himself should not appear instead witness a verifiable spiritualistic “phenomenon.' I was of Christ, he said : once more put off with narratives of what had occurred “« Mohammed cannot appear again on earth ; he is before I came, and predictions of what might occur if I dead.' should come again. There was a cabinet shrine in which • But is not Christ similarly dead ?' No, Christ never died. There are two men who never died letters were deposited and swift answers received from Elias and Jesus. He who hung upon the cross was the wonderful Mahatmas; but when I proposed to write a mere effigy of Jesus. The crucifiers were deceived."" a note, I was informed that only a few days before the Mahatmas had forbidden any further cabinet corre- The comparative mythology of religions inter- spondence. I said that was just my luck in such mat ested the author throughout his journey, and ters; whenever a miracle occurs I was always too soon many instructive details were gathered together or too late to see it. My experience was that of Alice in the Looking-glass, by him. The prosecution of his researches in Pal- Jam yesterday, jam to-morrow, but never jam to-day. estine was for some reason impracticable, and in “She [Mme. Blavatsky] asked what was my par- opening his last chapter he regrets this. “My ticular proposal or desire. I said, “I wish to find out pilgrimage to the Wise Men of the East," he something about the strange performances attributed writes, “could not be continued in Palestine. to you. I hear of your drawing teapots from under What Wise Men were there?” And further : your chair, taking brooches out of flowers, and of other miracles. If such ings really occur I desire to know “ But what I had seen and learned in Asia inspired it, and to give a testimony to my people in London in me with a feeling that I had not yet come close enough favor of Theosophy. What does it all mean?' She for personal recognition to the wise man to whom said with a serene smile, I will tell you, because you Christendom was crying Lord, Lord, while doing the are a public teacher [here she added some flattery], and reverse of what he said. I had known him as the cru- you ought to know the truth: it is all glamour people cified, had recognized him in the oppressed slave, and think they see what they do not see that is the whole in many a suffering cause, but my occasional tentative of it. It was impossible not to admire the art of this essays about the individual Jesus the flesh-and-blood confession. Mme. Blavatsky, forewarned by Professor still left him a sort of figurehead. There re- John Smith of my intended investigation, had arranged mained then a pilgrimage to be made, and I settled precisely the one maneuvre that could thwart it." myself down to make it on shipboard during our Of course the cunning of the Indian fakirs failed week (nearly) of quarantine. But that exploration has continued to the day when this volume goes to press, to deceive this troublesome investigator, who, and from notes written from time to time during with persistence backed by rupees, soon arrived twenty years are selected those contained in this final at an explanation of their mysteries. chapter.” Passing to weightier matters, the author en Into these still continuing searchings for re- deavors to clear away some of our false notions ligious truth there is here no space to enter ; we in regard to various Oriental customs and beliefs. must take a reluctant leave of the book. Like One of these erroneous impressions is that Jug- its predecessor, Mr. Conway's Autobiography, gernaut is a cruel god, and that self-immolation the work shows him in the ripeness of his under the wheels of his car is acceptable to him, powers, and in the enjoyment of his fearless in- or indeed practised at all. On the contrary, Mr. dependence as a free-thinker, but never playing Conway found him to be a benign and amiable the part of a scoffer; a reverent seeker, rather, deity, the “ Lord of Life” and not of death. for light and guidance, if such there be other Some accident due to the pressure of a too-eager than the inner light and the guidance that is, throng of his worshippers may have started the after all, self-guidance. His perceptions have rumor of his blood-thirstiness. Another false lost nothing of their keenness, his hand has not notion is refuted in the following: forgot its cunning in literary craftsmanship. In « The most curious and obstinate error in Christen form and appearance the book is patterned dom is the notion that the los ms are not Christians, after the two volumes of the author's Autobi- and that Mohammed occupies the place of Christ. They ography, of which it constitutes an essential maintain literally all of the miracles ascribed to Christ part. It has numerous illustrations, a photo- in the gospels, or relating to his birth. It is very rare gravure frontispiece portrait of the author, to find among them a sceptic.” facsimile letters addressed to him, copious foot- Then follows a remarkable conversation with notes, and a good index. Arabi, at that time a prisoner in Ceylon, on the PERCY F. BICKNELL. man 10 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL first. The first chapter of Dr. Fleming's “ Docu- INSIDE LIGHT ON RECONSTRUCTION.* mentary History of Reconstruction ” gives some The great problem which confronted the North idea of the destruction of property incident to the at the close of the Civil War was first of all polit- war and of the consequent destitution among both ical, how the States that had attempted secession whites and blacks, and also of the general temper should be restored to their proper places in the of both races, all consisting of contemporaneous Union. Closely connected with this was a ques- accounts by Northern as well as Southern ob- tion at bottom social in its nature, but designedly servers. Regarding the feeling of the Southern made one of politics, – the future of the slaves whites over the results of the war, Northern opin- that had just been freed. The great problem ion was divided at the time; but the verdict of confronting the South was primarily economic | history is that they accepted defeat and all it and social. The question of restoration to the meant as gracefully as could have been expected. Union was indeed important, but of greater mo Their economic ruin was well-nigh complete. It ment was the rebuilding of ruined homes and the is hard to see how statesmen could ever have proper adjustment of relations with the blacks. hoped to improve their feeling for the Union by The political features of Reconstruction have a policy calculated to prolong this bad condition. been studied thoroughly, and have been presented Yet surrender was followed by confiscation frauds fairly well in several cases; but it is doubtful and the cotton tax of five cents a pound. The lat- if the final word has been said on the subject. ter was believed by the New York Chamber of Indeed, it cannot very well be said until the com- Commerce to be unjust and oppressive, and an paratively neglected field of economic and social appeal was made to Congress to remove it, but Reconstruction receives moreadequate treatment. to no avail. Such a policy appears more like one The comparative neglect of this field is not hard this field is not hard of revenge and punishment than of conciliation. to understand. There is a certain spectacular The so-called “ Black Codes" of the South attraction about things done at Washington. called forth many diatribes at the time, and no The material for the political side of the contro- doubt had their influence in bringing on some versy, consisting of speeches of Congressmen, of the harsh legislation of Congress. When one Presidential Messages, Acts of Congress and of studies the laws, as printed by Dr. Fleming in State conventions and legislatures, has been connection with a statement of the conditions widely published and is easily accessible. The they were designed to meet, they appear far less economic and social conditions, upon a knowl outrageous than when studied through the edge of which legislative action ought always to speeches of Congressmen, or in Blaine's "Twenty be based, are often imperfectly known at the Years in Congress." It is only to be regretted time and are not well described, and hence lose that the author did not see fit to print some of importance in the perspective. them in parallel columns with laws then on the În view of the excellent work done by Mr. statute-books of several New England States, Edward McPherson in collecting documents on Maine among them. A negro who lived at the Reconstruction, one may naturally ask, Why time declared that while some of these laws another collection? In the first place, McPher were “ diabolical and oppressive," many of them son's has long been out of print and is now diffi- were passed only to deter freedmen from crime. cult to secure. In the second place, compiling in In a prefatory note, Dr. Fleming speaks of the midst of the Reconstruction period, the author these laws as never having been in force because could not always distinguish the essential from suspended by the military authorities immedi- the non-essential. And finally, the work is too ately after their passage. ately after their passage. In the very document “official,” and lays too little stress upon the from which we have just quoted, they are spoken nomic and social features of the case. That Dr. of as being in force in Florida. However, they Fleming recognizes the importance of this ele- never were extensively or rigidly enforced, ment in our history is shown by the space allotted conditions might have been better if they had to it in his 6 Civil War and Reconstruction in been. Alabama.” As might reasonably be expected, his Eighty pages of Dr. Fleming's book are collection of Reconstruction documents is note-devoted to the Freedman's Bureau and the worthy for the same reason. Freedman's Bank, revealing the good these in- Most accounts of Reconstruction begin with stitutions did and the wreck and ruin they finally the plans and theories, Lincoln's of course coming wrought to both whites and blacks. The docu- * DOCUMENTARY HISTORY OF RECONSTRUCTION. By Walter L. ments relating to the bank, in particular, are Fleming, Ph.D. Volume I. Cleveland: The Arthur H. Clark | interesting. At the time of its failure the de- eco- Company. 1907.] 11 THE DIAL posits amounted to $3,299,201. It was simply papers during the past twenty-five years, have wrecked by “ political jobbers, real estate pools, generally been recognized as candid, fearless, and fancy-stock speculators ” who had no regard and intelligent. Readers have found in him a for the rights of the depositors. trustworthy guide to what was really best in the A document of interest in connection with annual “ offerings,” and they will be glad to see the recent movement to limit the elective fran this new book from his pen, addressed primarily chise in the South is one entitled “ A Southern to the student of singing, but furnishing very Proposal for a Fourteenth Amendment.” After good reading for the finished artist and the inter- the rejection of the amendment proposed by ested layman. However, the book is eminently Congress, there was a meeting of Southern gov- practical; and with a minimum of technical ernors in Washington to propose a form which phraseology it explains to the student the prin- would be acceptable to the Southern whites. It cipal physiological problems in voice-training differs from the Fourteenth Amendment in that and the best methods of solving them. Yet it leaves it open to the States to disfranchise on vocal mechanics is only a means to an end ; and account of race or color, but imposes as a pen- this end is found in Mr. Henderson's reiterated alty for so doing the exclusion of the entire race definition of the art of singing as “the inter- or color so disfranchised from the basis of rep- pretation of text by means of musical tones pro- resentation. duced by the human voice.” In this definition The first volume of Dr. Fleming's collection is found the gravamen of his charge against the of Reconstruction documents takes the story Italian school of teaching — that it made the down to the readmission of the States. On the production of beautiful tone the “ ultimate pur- whole, the work is very creditable to both pub- pose of vocal technic.” Mr. Henderson has lisher and editor. However, one can regret that plenty of praise, however, for the great masters there were not a few more editor's notes. In of teaching in Italy. He recognizes the forma- several cases, these were really necessary to tive period of this art to have been the sixteenth throw light on the documents used. and seventeenth centuries; its “ bloom-time," DAVID Y. THOMAS. the eighteenth, when “ technics were at their apogee, in the golden age of the art of singing." Two chapters, somewhat broader in their scope, may be recommended to many an alleged MUSIC AND ITS VOTARIES.* 66 artist." These are entitled “ The Artist and In art, as in literature, we are acquainted the Public” and “ The Lyric in Style.” A with the phenomenon of an age of learning suc short passage from the latter will show the ceeding an age of genius — the original output author's trenchant method of enforcing his dis- of one period becoming the quarry for the crit tinctions. ical scholarship of the next. To this law, if it "e Singers vie with one another in differences of style be a law, music offers no exception. Grieg and and interpretation. Madame Cantando sings Strauss Saint-Saens are still with us as stars of magni- after the manner of Milan, and Mademoiselle Chant tude; the quality of Strauss and Elgar still sings Schumann according to the theory of the Boule- vardes, while Frau Singspiel delivers herself of “ Caro awaits final appraisal ; but on the whole, since mio ben” in the manner of Bayreuth. Each contends the passing of Wagner; Tschaikowsky, and that the other is wrong. Each proclaims that hers is Brahms, we may be said to have entered the age the only true authoritative style. All the world won- of books about music. 6. Music - how it came ders. No one is quite sure of anything, except that to be what it is "_" What is good music?” there are more ways of singing a song than of cooking a goose. The critics vainly thunder. No one pays any 6. How to listen to music are slightly vary attention to them. The glorified vocalist has her little ing titles of readable treatises by well-informed army of worshippers, and in the religion of musician wor- writers; and there are dozens more like them. ship there is neither conversion nor apostasy. . . Style Every year the tide of books on musical subjects character of a school or a master. Interpretation is the is general; interpretation is particular. Style is the flows fuller and deeper; and on its surface come disclosure of an individuality. Style may embrace all to us the three volumes included in this review. the songs of a single composer, though it seldom does; The musical criticisms of Mr. W.J. Hender but interpretation can apply to only one at a time.” son, contributed to different New York news- Probably few Americans are aware of the existence of the Worshipful Company of Musi- Charles Scribner's Sons. ENGLISH MUSIC. (Music-Story Series.) New York: Imported cians in London. But its tercentenary was by Charles Scribner's Sons. celebrated in June, 1904; for it was in 1604 MUSIC AND MUSICIANS. By E. A. Baughan. New York: John Lane Co. that its last definitive charter was granted, by 27 * THE ART OF THE SINGER. By W.J. Henderson. New York: 12 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL James I. The powers therein assigned of licens Mr. Baughan's book bearing the much-used ing persons to “ use, practice, or teach the arts, title “ Music and Musicians " is a collection of mysteries, or occupations of music or dancing articles contributed during the past dozen years for lucre or gain within the City of London or to various British periodicals; some of them liberties thereof” have naturally lapsed ; but containing good and enduring work, some still the Company has taken an active and honorable unpurged of the haste with which they were part in encouraging the art in Great Britain. It originally put together. His observations range was very sensibly decided to celebrate the anni over the whole musical field, from “ On Listen- versary by a loan exhibition of musical instru- ing to Music " to " Is Opera Doomed ?" These ments illustrative of the progress of music in constitute the first half of the book, under the England during the three hundred years. The head of “Random Reflections"; the rest is exhibition, which lasted three weeks, was a pro made up of more detailed criticisms on Edward nounced success. Seventeen lectures were given Elgar and his “ Apostles,” Wagner's Ring," by well-known artists and musical writers, with and the principal works of Richard Strauss. illustrative programmes very much the same JOSIAH RENICK SMITH. kind of entertainment that Mr. Arnold Dol- metsch has made so popular in this country. These addresses have been gathered and pub- lished in a handsome volume forming one of the SOCIAL SERMONS FOR THE TIMES.* “ Music-Story Series,” under the caption - En- glish Music," with a reproduction of Sir Joshua In the discussion of social subjects, the Reynolds's picture “ The Heavenly Choir" for preacher has certain great advantages over all other teachers. He is sure of an audience at a frontispiece, and plenty of cuts of quaint old instruments, and fucsimiles of musical scores. regular times, and sure of general sympathy and Of prime historical interest was the lecture on reverent hearing. There is a momentum of “ The Evolution of the Piano-forte,” by T. L. moral fervor in the spirit of the place, the hour, Southgate, tracing the development of our most the theme. In the exposition of a sacred text familiar instrument from the ancient dulcimer which has a kind of authority even with the down to the day of Broadwood, Erard, and skeptical, the preacher can touch all aspects of Steinway. Some Americans may hear with sur- human life. These advantages are finely illus- prise that the tune of “ The Star-spangled Ban- trated in the lectures, which are also sermons, ner,” like that of “ Home, Sweet Home," origi- which Dr. Charles Reynolds Brown delivered nated in England. In his address on “ Our at Yale University. The main interest of the English Songs,” Dr. William H. Cummings story of Exodus is made to suggest moral factors volume lies in the method by which the Biblical reminds his hearers that the words of “ Home, Sweet Home were written “ by John Howard in the labor problems of our own time and land. Payne, the American, and the music was com- While the audience is thinking of the ancient posed by our London-born Henry Rowley “ walking delegate ” who led a strike against Bishop, best known as Sir Henry Bishop." He Egyptian taskmasters, suddenly it finds itself then goes on to say: confronting modern instances of the same order. The lectures also illustrate the rigid limita- “I would fain dwell on this union of race, this mar- riage of heart and voice, and will therefore call your tions of the sermonic method of dealing with attention to a song, the product of an Englishman, which social questions. The audience is mixed, and has, by adoption, become one of the national songs of the preacher must address the average man, not our kith and kin on the other side of the Atlantic. The forgetting the young and the ignorant. The Star-spangled Banner,' beloved by all our brethren in the United States, was originally composed by John time is short; the atmosphere is charged with Stafford Smith, in London, about 1750, for a club which emotion; the demand for devotional effect is met at the Crown and Anchor' tavern in the Strand. imperative; and therefore a thorough and sys- The club was called the · Anacreontic,' and for its social tematic treatment is impossible. If the man gatherings the president, Ralph Tomlinson, wrote an ode commencing • To Anacreon in Heaven.' This was in the pulpit, securely fortified against adverse first published without a composer's name, but shortly reply, selects his illustrations of general prin- afterwards Smith brought out a collection of Canzonets, ciples from the conduct of his neighbors and Catches and Glees, which he sold at his house, 7 War- hits them, they may ask for proof, or may quietly wick Street, Spring Gardens. In this volume, which contained only compositions by himself, we find • To * THE SOCIAL MESSAGE OF THE MODERN PULPIT. By Charles Reynolds Brown. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Anacreon in Heaven. The music of the Anacreon ode THE CHURCH AND THE SOCIAL PROBLEM. By Samuel Plantz. and that of · The Star-spangled Banner' is the same.” Cincinnati: Jennings & Graham. 1907.1 13 THE DIAL absent themselves, or may manipulate agencies RECENT FICTION.* for securing his resignation. It is not so peril- ous to “ damn the sins we have no mind to,” The fictional surprise of the season is offered by and the wrongs of cosmopolitan oppressors; but a novel entitled “ Joseph Vanoe," a long and delight- the immediate effect may be slight. All this ful story cast in the form of an autobiography. The author is Mr. William De Morgan, said to be a man points to the necessity of organizing classes of of advanced years, well-known in the industrial young men for the free discussion of social world besides being related to the learned author ethics. In such classes the general statements of “ A Budget of Paradoxes,” but a stranger to the of the pulpit can be criticized freely, a wider annalist of literary affairs. Hamlet's “ And there- range of fact can be exploited, all sides heard, fore, as a stranger, give it welcome,” seems an and representatives of conflicting interests given appropriate text for our reception of this singularly an opportunity to make defense, and the min rich, mellow, and human narrative, which is gar- ister himself will find new materials for his ex- rulous in the genial sense, and as effective as it is hortations. The sermons in the volume under unpretending. Possibly the author's frequently re- review would be a powerful incitement to such iterated disclaimer of literary intent may be thought to savor of affectation, but we cannot find it in our study. heart to say anything that has even the suggestion In Mr. Plantz's book on “ The Church and of harshness about a book that has given us so much the Social Problem,” we follow the same theme: pleasure. It is almost as if a new Dickens had What can the Church do to promote the welfare swum into our ken, but a Dickens who knows how of the wage-earners and further social peace? to curb the tendency to indulge in caricature and There is no contribution to knowledge in the humorous exaggeration, a Dickens whose sentiment volume ; every fact and opinion has been worked escapes the touch of artificiality and mawkishness. over by numerous economic writers, and some The autobiographer is an Englishman of the peo- very important elements of a large practical ple, born amid humble circumstances in the early policy are not mentioned. Of this one cannot Victorian years, making his mark as an inventor complain, for the title does not promise a doc- ing a gift for affection and friendship that greatly and engineer by force of native talent, and display- tor's thesis, but a practical man's counsel in the endears him to us. His story is an intensely human light of contemporary knowledge. The social one, a story of alternating failures and successes, of policy must be worked out in details by spe- blended joys and sorrows, artfully contrived with cialists, not by sermon writers. The chapter on what seems like an almost total absence of artistic Socialism does not quite fairly separate the real design, and holding its readers by its great variety of economic issue from the metaphysical and ethi- incident and characterization, its humorous flashes cal eccentricities for which many of the leading and satirical sallies, and its deep and genuine pathos. Socialists have stood. One can believe in col- The pathetic note is forced almost intolerably in lective control of the instruments of production *JOSEPH VANCE. An 111-Written Autobiography. By William De Morgan, New York: Henry Holt & Co. without a thought of atheism. The practical THE GUARDED FLAME. By W. B. Maxwell. New York: counsels to the Church and its leaders are gen- D. Appleton & Co. By A. Conan Doyle. New York: McClure, erally sane, discriminating, and intelligent, and Phillips & Co. the plea for the thorough instruction of minis IN THE DAYS OF THE COMET. By H. G. Wells. New York: ters in social science is enforced by cogent The Century Co. THE DREAM AND THE BUSINESS. By John Oliver Hobbes. reasons and trustworthy authority. New York: D. Appleton & Co. THE LADDER TO THE STARS. By Jane H. Findlater. New CHARLES RICHMOND HENDERSON. York: D. Appleton & Co. PRISONERS FAST BOUND IN MISERY AND IRON. By Mary Cholmondeley. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. SOMEONE has thought it worth while to resuscitate A Romance of Lombardy. By from the “ Saturday Review” of ten years ago the dra- Marjorie Bowen. New York. McClure, Phillips & Co. A LADY OF ROME. By F. Marion Crawford. New York: The matic criticisms contributed to that journal by Mr. G. B. Macmillan Co. Shaw. They made sparkling reading in those days, but AFFAIRS OF STATE. By Burton E. Stevenson. that is hardly sufficient to justify the preservation of Henry Holt & Co. such current chroniclings in permanent form. We are BOB HAMPTON OF PLACER. By Randall Parrish. Chicago: not tempted to read them again, although we read every A. C. McClurg & Co. one of them with keen interest when it was written. But ANN BOYD. By Will N. Harben. New York: Harper & Brothers. there are doubtless Shavians enough to provide them THE POET AND THE PARISH. By Mary Moss. New York: with an audience not of the fit but few who knew these Henry Holt & Co. mad outpourings from the start — but of the gregarious THE IMPERSONATOR. By Mary Imlay Taylor. Boston: Little, multitude who read this author because he is the fashion Brown, & Co. of the day. They make two volumes, called “ Dramatic MONTLIVET. By Alice Prescott Smith. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Opinion and Essays," are prefaced by Mr. James Hune- THE LEADER. By Mary Dillon. New York: Doubleday, ker, and published by the Messrs. Brentano. Page & Co. SIR NIGEL. THE VIPER OP MILAN. New York: 14 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL ers. the later chapters, for we are led to believe that the den jar would afford an appropriate simile of what hero's sacrifice of his dearest friendship upon the happens when the psychological moment arrives. very altar of his affections is to remain undiscovered, Then the situation is made horrible by a stroke of but the device of certain supplementary documents paralysis that makes the philosopher helpless, and is appended to his own life-story relieves us from the followed by apoplexy, aphasia, and childishness. At strain of this apprehension, and the book ends in a this point the novel assumes the character of a study sort of glow of sunset peace. If any readers have in morbid psychology, undeniably powerful, but fallen into the habit of taking these reviews of ours almost unbearable to pursue. The girl learns of as a means of escape from reading the novels them- the infidelity of the betrothed, and ends her life selves, or as a substitute for that often toilsome and with strychnine. The secretary departs, and ends thankless task, we urge them to make an exception his days wretchedly in a foreign country. The wife to their rule in the present instance, and feel sure alone remains, to expiate her sin by devotion to her that they will be grateful for the suggestion. stricken husband during the long years which are Some time ago, in reviewing a novel by Mr. W. needed to bring him back to activity and recollec- B. Maxwell, a name then unfamiliar to us, we ven- tion, and to learn in the end that he has all the time tured the opinion, based upon internal evidence known and forgiven. “Tout comprendre, c'est tout only, that it was the work of a woman. This seems pardonner” might be the text of this strong and to have been a mistake, but we shall never cease to painful story. The impressiveness with which its wonder at the insight with which the author of ethical teaching is enforced is the justification for “ Vivien” assumed the feminine point of view. His much that seems at the time intolerable in the pre- new novel, “ The Guarded Flame,” leads to no such sentation. · The effect of the work is considerably suspicion as the earlier one, but has equally remark- marred by the frequent use of a scientific jargon able qualities, although of a different kind. The which is not demanded by any artistic consideration. central figure is that of an English philosopher, Readers of “The White Company ” will need to be grown old in the service of thought, the author of told nothing more of Dr. Conan Doyle's “Sir Nigel" forty or more volumes that have earned for him the than that it deals with the same period, and has the reputation of being the profoundest of living think- same hero, as the earlier romance. It is not a sequel, He is a man of whom no one seems able to because it tells of the deeds of Nigel Loring's youth, speak without bated breath, and in accents which and of the services which won for him his spurs. are a mingling of reverence and awe in about equal These services are connected with the French wars, proportions. One thinks of Herbert Spencer at for the period of the romance is from 1348 to 1356 times, some of the circumstances of whose life are from England's slow recovery from the Black worked into the pattern, and it is more than prob- Death to able that the author has found some of his material " The glittering horror of the steel-topped wood" in Spencer's “ Autobiography.” But even the most and the glorious victory of Poictiers. Next to the extravagant laudations in which the Spencerians hero, we must praise his horse, who is a most faithful indulge seem pale in comparison with the terms in and fearsome beast. The figures of King and Black which Mr. Maxwell's imaginary philosopher is set Prince appear conspicuously. The author has ac- before us. This paragon of a hero, this superhuman quired great stores of learning respecting the period incarnation of the intellectual life, is not easy for the of these two novels, and exhibits it in rather bewilder- novelist to live up to; he is “too bright and good” ing profusion. for the companionship of ordinary mortals, and Since Mr. Wells took to imagining Utopias he has there is a striking incongruity between his imputed become very tiresome. He used to spin capital yarns powers and the actual words that are invented for after an improved Jules Verne fashion, but his recon- his utterance. In a word, Mr. Maxwell has over-structions of society are neither exciting nor plausi- done his philosopher, much as the poet was overdone ble. We particularly resent the latest of them, because in Miss Sinclair's “The Divine Fire,” and the figure it comes in the guise of a novel, fascinatingly called is not made convincing. The philosopher's house- “In the Days of the Comet,” which at once fills us hold consists of three young persons, and out of with anticipations of the joy with which we read “The these the tragedy of the book — for it is essentially War of the Worlds.” But we are speedily doomed a tragedy - is woven. They are his young wife, to disappointment, for the sociological pill has only a married to him out of gratitude before her womanly thin sugar-coating of fiction, and its substance is vain nature has awakened, a still younger niece who is imagining and indigestible paradox. The comet, it practically his adopted daughter, and a brilliant seems, causes a chemical change in the atmosphere young scholar who serves him as secretary and as which makes all mankind unconscious for a few hours, sistant. Presently the niece discovers that she loves after which it awakes with a miraculously transformed the secretary, and he becomes betrothed to her, character, and knows henceforth neither selfishness mainly because it is the philosopher's desire. But a nor folly. This is the fantastic invention which the guilty love for the philosopher's wife has been slowly author exploits as a device for setting forth his taking possession of him, a love which is matched equally fantastic social theories. He has deceived us by her emotions, all the more violent because of by false pretenses, and we shall hereafter regard his their tardy development. The discharge of a Ley- | books with justifiable suspicion. 1907.] 15 THE DIAL Mrs. Craigie's posthumous novel, “The Dream a title as could be imagined, and the story to which and the Business," is prefaced by an "appreciation” it belongs is both thin and unreal. There is, more- of the writer from the pen of Mr. Joseph H. Choate, over, much padding in the form of neat but futile in which deserved tribute is paid to her "lightness description and vapid philosophizing. The narrative and delicacy of touch," and to the “ chaste and fas deals with a young Englishman and the English wife tidious taste” which was always a controlling ele of an Italian nobleman. There is a love affair be- ment in her work. The book itself gives us increased tween them, the product of feeling on his part and occasion to mourn the loss of this brilliant woman, of fancy on hers, but it remains an innocent com- nineteen of whose thirty-eight years were devoted plication. Unfortunately, he happens to be paying to a literary activity that was all the time broaden her a secret farewell visit at just the hour when a ing in its scope and deepening in its sympathies. murder is being committed outside the palace, and The growth in technical artistry during these two the man accepts the imputation of the crime to save decades was perhaps not so marked, for Mrs. the reputation of the woman. He is sentenced to a Craigie knew how to write almost from the begin- long term of imprisonment, and she is contemptible ning, and her instinct for style seems to have been enough to permit the sacrifice. Thus we have the born with her rather than laboriously acquired. The prisoners, one “bound in iron" and the other « bound new novel takes for its text the words of the in misery” - the misery of such remorse as her Preacher: “For a dream cometh through the shallow nature is capable of experiencing. Both multitude of business.” It is a study of a group of escape from prison at last, he through the discovery modern men and women, whose relations are made of the assassin, and she by the confession which to constitute a plot of considerable interest, but whose brings her relief, but the outcome is anything but chief significance is to be found in the way in which satisfactory, for the woman gets into another senti- they mirror, from their several points of view, the mental tangle and the man dies of a hæmorrhage. restless striving, the feverish existence, and the in It makes a dull and unconvincing tale that leaves stinctive groping for light which are so characteristic no lasting impression. of the life of our time. Something of a catholicis The reader of “The Viper of Milan” has supped ing tendency is perhaps traceable, which the writer's full of horrors when he has reached the close of this faith makes natural enough, but Mrs. Craigie was ingenious romance. The tale is of that monster of too true an artist to put religious bias into her stories, iniquity, Gian Galeazzo Visconti, and of his war and her fairness in presenting views opposed to her with the Scaligeri and their allies. It closes fitly with own is conspicuous. To this the last of her novels the assassination of the tyrant, whereby the ends of a place must be accorded not far below that occupied poetic justice are attained, but this consummation is by “Robert Orange” and “ A School for Saints,” deferred (as history records ) until the catalogue of her unquestioned masterpieces, and it is possibly a his crimes has been lengthened out, and the imagin- more remarkable production than either of those ation has been given abundant opportunity to revel two in certain respects, as of its finished style, its in their detail. The story makes up in action for the economy of material, and its nice dramatic adjust- shortcomings of its style. Since it is the work of a ments. young woman in her teens, it would be unreasonable “The Ladder to the Stars” gives us the fable of to expect from it anything more than the lively in- the Ugly Duckling as exemplified by a young vention and garish color with which it is well supplied. Englishwoman of humble birth and provincial envi Mr. Crawford has been writing books for a quar- ronment. The spark of genius has (after the unac ter of a century, and now has about fifty volumes countable fashion of that element) been kindled in (mostly fiction) to his credit. This is an evidence of her soul, and it is fanned into flame by certain for his industry and of the fluency of his pen, at least, tunate accidents acting in conjunction with her own while some of the fifty offer evidence of something persistency. She escapes from her depressing sur approaching distinction in conception and treatment. roundings, goes to London, and achieves success as Few would deny that his best work is that concerned a writer. She nearly loses her balance through a with the social life of modern Italy, and that the temporary infatuation for an erratic foreign musi “ Saracinesca” series of novels represents the high- cian, but shrinks from taking the last fatal step, and water mark of his invention, description, and analyti- is thus saved for the amiable young statesman for cal powers. Little need be said of his new novel, “ A whom fate has really destined her all the while. Lady of Rome,” beyond the statement that it moves She is an interesting figure, but hardly more so than in the social circles already depicted in many of its some of the suspicious and vulgar persons who con predecessors, and writes of them with the same sure- stitute her provincial entourage — persons whose ness of knowledge and decorous interest of manner. varied pettiness is described for us with searching It has perhaps rather less of plot and rather more of particularity. psychology than the author is wont to give us, but the Miss Cholmondeley, after several years of waiting, story has both texture and strength, besides being has now given us a successor to her admirable thoroughly praiseworthy in its ethical implications. novel, “ Red Pottage," but we can only characterize It is not often that the situation offered by a loveless the new book as a disappointment. “Prisoners Fast union and an unlawful passion is handled with such Bound in Misery and Iron” is about as preposterous delicacy and firmness of grasp. 16 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL women The “ Affairs of State” which constitute the basis son of the man whom Bob is reputed to have killed. of Mr. Stevenson's mildly entertaining story relate Of course, the mystery is all cleared up in the end, to the succession of the Principality of Schloshold- the girl marries her lover, and her father, having Markheim. It is a case of Gulielmus contra cleared his name, fights gallantly with Custer and mundum, for the German Emperor favors one can dies with his chief. didate, and the rest of Europe supports the other. “ Ann Boyd ” may be described as a sort of minor Affairs approach a crisis when the allied opposition masterpiece, and easily the strongest piece of work sends a diplomatic representative to the secluded that Mr. Harben has thus far produced. We have Dutch watering-place where the head of the English known him hitherto as the author of books in which foreign office is supposed to be recovering from an various types of rustic Georgians entertained us by attack of influenza. In point of fact, this official is their quaint characteristics and the shrewd humor not there at all, but has sent his younger brother to of their speech, but we have hardly thought of him impersonate him, thus drawing, as it were, a herring as possessing the gifts of the construction novelist. across his trail. Now it so happens that an Amer- “Ann Boyd,” however, is a book with a well-contrived ican millionaire and his two charming daughters are framework of plot to which all of its incidents and sojourning at the same seaside resort, and the two episodes are properly subordinated. It is, of course, young women are destined to become the dece ex a study of character also — and in the case of the machinâ in the solution of the diplomatic puzzle. woman who furnishes a name to the book a very re- Two courtly noblemen: two attractive and roman markable piece of characterization -- but the author tically-disposed young -the outcome is keeps well in check the tendency of his imagination obvious. Mr. Stevenson does not disappoint our to indulge in desultory meanderings, and also holds expectations; he settles the case of Schloshold- himself fairly free from the control of sentimental Markheim in the right way, and he makes four young impulses. persons happy. There are humorous episodes Given, a young man who knows life as it really is, a-plenty, with a dash of the serious now and then, and a young woman who has never viewed it except besides any amount of crisp dialogue. It makes a through the smoked glasses of convention, and join pleasant comedy. the two in matrimony : you will then have material Mr. Randall Parrish has mastered the trick of for a comedy or a tragedy, according to the degree of popular narrative after a comparatively brief ap- seriousness with which the situation is handled. In prenticeship to the trade, and is to-day one of the the case of “The Poet and the Parish,” by Miss Mary most effective of our story-tellers; effective, that Moss, there is at first comedy of a very crisp and de- is, in the way of entertainment and excitement, and lightful sort, and then the situation develops until it in the skilful management of plot and dramatic sit verges closely upon tragedy, and is only saved from uation, for he makes no pretense of looking beneath that consummation by a tonic application of common the surface of character, or of exhibiting a style of sense to relations that have been strained almost any significance. His list now includes two romances to the breaking point. The poet is Felix Gwynne, of Indian days in the old Northwest, one of the who has spent his youth abroad, and returns to his Civil War, and his new book, “ Bob Hampton of American home to enter into an inheritance. He Placer,” which is a story of the seventies, and has is a lovable but rather irresponsible person, the for its climax the Sioux uprising which resulted in creature of impulse, but serious enough at heart to the massacre of Custer and his men on the Little engage our sympathies. The young woman whom Big Horn. The hero is a disgraced army officer he marries is distinctly bornée, and her family and who has become a “ bad man” in the Western sense social environment are even more so. This makes - a gambler, brawler, and dare-devil generally difficulties, especially when Felix goes wandering He had not been guilty of the crime which was about the country with a band of gypsies, and be- charged against him when he was dismissed from comes entangled (innocently enough) in the affairs the service, but the appearances were all against of a masquerading actress whom he meets in the him, and he was unable to offer anything in rebuttal gypsy camp. His wife, with the thoughtful aid of of their damning testimony. The heroine is his her outraged parents and most of the neighbors, daughter, whom he has not seen since she was a magnifies these indiscretions into huge proportions, child, and who, grown to be a young woman, is and abandons the hapless poet. It is the situation rescued by him from the Indians before he has dis- of “ El Gran Galeoto” lowered somewhat from the covered her identity. That discovery made, he un tragic plane of the Spanish dramatist, but still seri- dertakes to provide for her, reforms himself in va ous enough. It takes some plain speaking (or rather rious ways, and renews the effort to trace out the writing) on the part of Felix to bring his wife back, history of the crime which has ruined his reputa- but his plea is effective. “We are mismated, but tion. The girl is placed in refined surroundings, we are mated. . . . How can you be so cruel to that and with amazing rapidity learns the speech and unlucky girl? ... Why, the poor child hardly manners of the cultivated. But all this time Bob knows me, yet I'm supposed There we sat, side does not reveal his relationship to her or tell her of his by side, pelted by every filthy insinuation, ticketed, history. The necessity of doing so becomes urgent yoked. Was n't it enough to drive her — and she's when she falls in love with a young officer who is a pretty, Adelaide, very pretty, and far cleverer than 1907.] 17 THE DIAL Incentives to a you — into my arms ? ... Now I am waiting because treatment of this theme is offered by their marriage there is an obstinate girl, twenty miles away, who early in the narrative, but the union is of expediency is my wife, and to whom I'm bound by a tie that alone, and leaves all the wooing to be done. There does n't readily break. It seems to me, at this are many exciting adventures and hairbreadth minute, that you have almost every fault in the world, escapes from peril, with a suitably sentimental end- dear. All but one! You are real! But in the name ing. Miss Smith has produced an exceptionally of the love we have felt for each other, do n't let the interesting piece of work, one which may perhaps fragments of our happiness be shattered beyond re be described as similar to the romances of the late pair, for unreality, for other people's ugly dreams!” Mrs. Catherwood with an added infusion of virility. One cannot feel quite comfortable in reading Miss Mrs. Dillon insists that her new novel, “The Taylor's "The Impersonator," because the heroine Leader,” is “in no sense history." Nevertheless, it (who naturally demands our sympathies) is placed is chiefly concerned with the history of the St. Louis by her own deliberate act in a position for which no Democratic Convention of 1904, and tells the whole justification is possible. A wealthy woman in Wash- story of the struggle between radicals and conserva- ington has written to a niece in Paris, whom she tives, of the nomination, of Judge. Parker's famous has never seen, inviting her for a lengthy visit. The telegram, and of Mr. Bryan's activities. The hero niece in question, who is dabbling in art, does not is obviously Mr. Bryan in disguise; that is, in just want to go, and asks a friend to make the visit in enough of disguise to permit him to combine love her place and character. This friend, who is beau with politics, and thus satisfy the imperative demand tiful and accomplished, but extremely poor, weakly of the reader for a love-story. Although based upon consents to engage in this proposed deception, familiar historical happenings, the story is artificial allured by the prospect of a few months of luxury. in a stagey fashion, and its vein of invention is too The main body of the story tells us of this imper- thin to yield anything very rich in the way of sonation, successfully sustained through the social romantic ore. WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. season, and at last rudely revealed by the sudden appearance of the woman to whom the name really belongs. But the heroine has played her cards skil- fully, and some of her friends remain loyal after the BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. exposure of the fraud. One of these is a rising statesman who has fallen in love with her, and who Professor Albert S. Cook of Yale at last persuades her, in spite of all, to become his higher range of University has done well to unite wife. This consummation is facilitated by the dis- literary study. under a suggestive title four “ covery that the young woman (whose parentage has sional" papers on "The Higher Study of English" hitherto been a mystery) is the legitimate daughter of (Houghton). By the word “higher" is implied the Spanish minister, and that she is not plain Mary not merely the sort of systematic and philosophical Lang, but may claim the far more resounding name research which Professor Cook has done much to of Maria Francesca Luisa Quevedo, Countess Por promote in this country. Two of the essays, the tucarrero. Miss Taylor's novel moves in a milieu first and the last, do indeed bear more directly with which she is well acquainted, and, barring the upon graduate study and teaching. Yet the obvious fundamental obstacle to complete sympathy, is a note in all four is a general elevation of standards, work of animated interest. both ethical and æsthetic, throughout the entire cur- “Montlivet,” by Miss Alice Prescott Smith, is a riculum of English - a broadening and deepening romance of the old Northwest in the days when of our national culture through an intensive appre- France was so strengthening its strategic position in ciation of the best that has been handed down to us America as to forbode stubborn resistance when the in literature. Higher study means study of the best inevitable struggle for supremacy should come. The things in the best way. The best way is not always, exact year is 1695, and the scene opens with Cad or perhaps often, the easiest, above all in the case of illac in doubtful power at Michillimackinac. The those who are to be teachers of English. For them future founder of Detroit is not, however, the hero the higher superstructure means the broader, deeper, of this story, but the French trader Montlivet, who more carefully laid foundation. Like specialists in has a magnificent plan for a league of the Indian other fields, they must know their subject from the tribes in support of the French cause. So much for bottom up; they must know what is more important the historical setting. The fictional romance (aside without slighting what the layman's imperfect sense from the historical) is provided by an English cap of values may deem to be less; and they must know tive, rescued from Indian captors by the hero, and the relations existing between their own and allied taken with him on his mission to the tribes in the disciplines. They must neglect neither the origins neighborhood of the Baie des Puants — for thus of the language in which their literature is enshrined, pleasantly was Green Bay styled by its pioneer nor the ancient classics and the Scriptures from explorers. The captive turns out to be a woman in which it has drawn its chief inspiration, nor the disguise a woman of proud birth and spirit - and brotherhood of languages and literatures among this the hero discovers after the expedition is well which it has grown up. They must strive to com- away into the wilderness. A variant upon the usual pass an ever widening realm ; to rise to an ever occa- 18 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL & New York Garrick and the social life mounting ideal; and nobly to despise the so-called liberal art.” To quote Mrs. Parsons, “There have limit of the attainable. Yet they must be modest, been many great actors, but never another great actor too, and moderate, not hoping to exercise authority who was at the same time so great a personality out- in scholarship until they are proved faithful in atten- side of the theatre. Garrick belongs to the history tion to detail, nor by frantic haste to win the prizes of of England.” With vivacity, fidelity, and keen dis- equable speed. It is not sufficient, thinks Professor crimination, the author has presented a study of the Cook, to say to the graduate student, “ Here is the theatrical society of the period - its whimsicalities, body of English literature; come and read it, and vulgarities, frailities, and manners, as well as its esti- then go and teach it.” There must be order, dis- mable qualities. Her portraits have that fulness and cipline, regulated toil. The professional teacher unity which impart a conclusive notion of personality, must possess the professional orderly will. Never- Never- set with a due sense of perspective against a well- theless, “he who has not been a passionate reader balanced background. of good literature from the age of ten ... and who does not give promise of remaining a passionate The inscrutable A book which undertakes to solve problem of reader of good ļiterature to the end of life, should the problem of what James Parton, in politics. be gently, but firmly, discouraged from entering his Life of Andrew Jackson, written our profession.” With reference to this volume we fifty years ago, described as “that most unfathom- have but one regret: we wish that the author had able of subjects, the politics of the State of New York” been able to include his notable essay on “The is the Hon. D. A. Alexander's two-volume “Political Artistic Ordering of Life,” which is germane enough History of the State of New York” (Holt), which to the papers here contained, in that it represents we are told grew out of the difficulty experienced by the final philosophy of a thinker who is also a great the author in obtaining “an accurate knowledge of teacher of English. the movements of political parties and their leaders in the Empire State.” Oliver Wolcott, a member of It has been said that each successive Washington's Cabinet and later governor of Con- epoch of theatrical history presents necticut, once wrote: “After living a dozen years of his time. the same picturesque image of sto in New York, I don't pretend to comprehend their ried regret memory incarnated in the veteran, politics. It is a labyrinth of wheels within wheels, ruefully vaunting the vanished glories of the past. and is understood only by their managers.” Mr. Cibber, surviving in the best days of Garrick, Peg Alexander, himself a prominent figure in the polit- Woffington, and Kittie Clive, praised the days of ical life of New York, does not claim to understand Wilks and Betterton ; aged playgoers of the period the politics of the State any more then did Wolcott, of Edmund Kean and John Philip Kemble believed but he may justly lay claim to the distinction of that the drama had been buried, never to rise again, possessing intimate knowledge of its political move- with the dust of Garrick and Henderson, beneath the ments and familiarity with its leading politicians. pavement of Westminster Abbey. But even to-day He is not the only historian who has cherished the many of us still cling to the belief that Garrick was ambition to write an elaborate political history of the the greatest of English actors, while realizing that Empire State. Jabez Hammond's “Political History he is as much a centre of legend as King Arthur and of New York," completed in 1848, covered the early that the ordinary Garrick story rests on a veritable field with remarkable thoroughness, although with Garrick lived in an age when public and less accuracy and system than characterized Mr. national life was in a condition of great flux and pro- Alexander's work. The latter's method is rather gress mirroring the decay of Jacobitism, the soften that of the biographer than the historian. He clus- ing of religious bigotry in England, and the growth ters his facts around the careers of the great leaders, of modern forms of political discontent. In “Garrick and makes them the central theme of his discussion and his Circle" (Putnam), Mrs. Clement Parsons has of particular movements; for, according to his view, embodied a true picture of the social life of the day, “the history of a state or nation is largely the his- while weaving a portrait of her subject, a record of tory of a few of its leading men.” It is true, as he his triumphs and a study of his methods. In a strict says, that it would be difficult to find in any common- sense, her book is not a biography, — her aim has wealth of the Union a more interesting or picturesque been to make each one of a series of vignettes illus- leadership than is presented in the political history trate Garrick's character or career in contact with this of New York. Some of those whose careers he traces or that group of outside characters or events. She through the tangled web of New York politics" are points out that the actor's personality is an elusive Alexander Hamilton, George Clinton, Aaron Burr, one. Apart from his theatric art, Garrick's vivacity DeWitt Clinton, Martin Van Buren, and Thurlow is his individualizing label for all time; he was born Weed, each of whom succ accessively controlled the with such a fund of animal spirits as rarely occurs in political destinies of the State. In addition to the association with high mental gifts. He was a genius portraitures of these great leaders, the work is en- with the right amount of worldly ballast for worldly livened with entertaining sketches of the struggles success, and remains the ruling figure of the stage in between “Bucktails” and “Clintonians,” “Hunkers" eighteenth-century annals. In Burke's words, "He and “Barnburners," and other factions into which raised the character of his profession to the rank of a the leading parties were at different times divided. morass. 1907.] 19 THE DIAL The structure and activities Books dealing with the classification been written about. But in literary art, as in pictorial, of birds, or handbooks to local or to it is the treatment that makes the difference. De- of birds. more extended faunas, are numerous, scriptions of the ascent of Fuji-san are so common and studies of birds afield with gun or camera have that one's first inclination is to skip another relation multiplied almost to the limit of popular interest. of the toilsome climb. Yet to pass by the account Fortunately, we have in Mr. Beebe's “ The Bird, its here given would be to leave unread what is perhaps Form and Function” (Holt) a worthy treatise on the the most delightfully written of them all. Even more bird itself considered from the standpoint of its impressive is the story of a trip to the summit of the structure. The book is no dry assemblage of descrip ever active volcano Asamayama. The dismal horror tive anatomical detail couched in technical terms of the experience, in striking contrast to the more which only the specialist in comparative anatomy arduous but tamer journey to the top of Fuji, is made can analyze. It is, rather, an untechnical study of very real by a recital of the pleasing anticipations the bird as a product of the process of organic evo- with which it was undertaken. These episodes occupy lution; of a living structure wonderfully adapted in but a small part of the book. Religion, art, travel, manifold ways to the complex environments in which the people and their customs, and personal experi- birds are found. Although the author deals constantly ences of the author, furnish the material for most of with the structural elements of the various organs the sketches. Especially striking is the one entitled of the animal— with shaft and barb, feather and “The Altar of Fire,” in which the Shinto ceremony claw, syrinx and gizzard - the anatomical skeleton of hiwatari, or walking barefoot over a bed of live is always clothed with a living interest and rendered coals, is graphically described. No attempt is made full of meaning as illustrative of some broad bio to explain the seemingly impossible phenomenon: logical law, and is related to the significant funda for that, the reader must have recourse to the pages mental principle of the evolution of all life. The of Percival Lowell. The essay upon “The Art of author marshalls his facts with the skill and judg- the People” contains many observations worthy of ment which are evidently the result of an adequate serious consideration. A complete view of Japan, the training in the biological sciences, and he has added book does not give; the unpleasant features are left to his knowledge the zeal of an enthusiastic lover for others to portray. But that omission makes it the of the feathered tribes. He loses no opportunity to more agreeable to read. (A. C. McClurg & Co.) inculcate a love for the little bundles of muscle and Mr. Hubert Bruce Fuller's account blood which in this freezing weather can transmute The story of frozen beetles and zero air into a happy, cheery little the acquisition of “ The Purchase of Florida,” even Black-capped Chicadee," and to engender a respect with the sub-title “ Its History and for the living brain which can generate a sympathy, Diplomacy”, (Burrows Brothers), does not quite a love for its mate, which in sincerity and unsel- comprehend the subject-matter of the work. What fishness suffer little when compared with human the author has attempted to do is to give an account affection.” The illustrations in the work are mainly of the conditions that made the acquisition of Florida from photographs — most of them presented here most of them presented here by the United States imperative for her own peace for the first time, drawn often from sources in and safety, and of the forcible seizures and diplo- the New York Zoological Gardens or the American matic negotiations that finally accomplished this result. Museum of Natural History. With a few possible He has given a very full account of some exceptions, they really illustrate the text, and are things which, so far as the main thesis is concerned, well chosen and well executed. The work is a wel- might have been dealt with much more briefly. On come addition to the popular literature of ornithol- the whole, however, the work has been well done, and the book is a valuable contribution to our his- ogy, of substantial merit and permanent value for every lover and student of denizens of the air. torical literature on this important subject. The style is easy and readable, and the author's judg- The fascination of Japan finds a sym- Pleasant scenes ments are well balanced, in spite of occasional sharp from familiar pathetic interpreter in A. Herbage words about the conduct of such men as Jackson, Japanese life. Edwards. The sketches that make J. Q. Adams, Pickering, and Ellicott. Of positive up the volume entitled “ Kakemono ” errors the writer has discovered only a few, and supposition, it may be assumed, that the word, liter these are of minor importance. The change of the ally “hang-up-thing," signifies a picture or pictures, boundary of West Florida from 31° to 32° 28' was there being no plural form in Japanese, whereas it made in the commission of George Johnstone, Gov- denotes the manner of mounting rather than the ernor of West Florida, June 6, 1764, instead of in that pictures themselves -- are charming word-paintings, of Governor of Governor Elliott (p. 34). (See Commons Journal, wrought with a light touch and true poetic feeling. In vol. 39, p. 174.) One could wish for a little more their daintiness and half-veiled impressions, many of exactness in some of the statements, -for example, them seem to have been inspired by the hokku or that Amelia Island “was soon abandoned by the short odes that play such an important part in the life American marines” to escape yellow fever (p. 236). of the people of that unique country. The subjects How soon? It was occupied December 24-26, are all familiar; indeed, nothing else could be ex 1817, and General Gaines was there more than a pected, so thoroughly have Japan and its inhabitants year later. The chief defect of the book lies in its of Florida. upon the 20 [Jan. 1, THE DIAL the page. paucity of references. Such a book must appeal A new translation of The Nibelungenlied,” made by first of all to the specialist; and the specialist must the late John Storer Cobb, and now edited by his widow, have footnotes. The author has brought out a good is published in a handsome volume by Messrs. Small, deal of new and interesting matter for which he has Maynard & Co. The form is a rhymed four-line stanza given no authority whatever. References to diplo- References to diplo- is a jog-trot movement, and grows very monotonous after in iambic octometer, the rhymes being in couplets. It matic papers are abundant, but often details are a few pages. But a great poem, in the higher sense, this given which can hardly have been gathered from epic is not, and a fair sense of its historical importance this source. is obtainable from the present version. It is a pleasure to readers of Lincoln The legal side Two new editions of Shakespeare, each complete in a of Lincoln's life literature to come upon a really in- single volume, call for a word of hearty praise. One is and character. structive book in that much-worked added to the “Cambridge” poets of Messrs. Houghton, field. There are books and articles without number, Mifflin, & Co., and the editorial work has been done by Mr. William Allan Neilson. There are upward of twelve largely the result of working over the same old material, many of them with the same old miscon- special introductions to the several plays. The other hundred pages, with portrait, biography, glossary, and ceptions and the dubious or disproved anecdotes. edition comes from the Oxford Clarendon Press, and is Mr. Frederick Trevor Hill, in his “Lincoln the 'edited by Mr. W. J. Craig. This volume, with about one Lawyer” (The Century Co.), has developed some hundred more pages than the other, has portrait and new points of interest in Lincoln’s life. Taking well- glossary, but practically no editorial matter. Both edi- known facts and adding to them important new ones tions are clearly printed on thin paper, two columns to of his own discovery, he has combined what is known of Lincoln's legal career in such a way as to show conclusively that he was a lawyer of very superior NOTES. ability both in working out his cases and in his success in the courts. In competition with a bar “ As You Like It ” and “ Henry the Fift” are the remarkable for force and talent, he became the latest additions to the “ First Folio" Shakespeare, as acknowledged leader, manifesting in the highest Messrs. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. edited by Misses Porter and Clarke, and published by degree the various qualities demanded for success in “ The Lodging House Problem in Boston,” by Dr. his exacting profession. But more important than Albert Benedict Wolfe, is a volume of « Harvard Eco- the fact of Lincoln's professional success is the bear-nomic Studies," published at the expense of the Baldwin ing of his legal attainments on his great public endowment by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. career. It was his insight into the fundamental The Fleming H. Revell Co. publish new and revised principles of law and logic, and the training that he editions of the Rev. W. J. Dawson's - Makers of En- had received from his long and successful practice, glish Poetry” and “Makers of English Prose,” two that enabled him to triumph over Douglas in debate, volumes of agreeable and for the most part sound and to make the Cooper Institute Speech that carried his sensible literary criticism for popular consumption. reputation into the East, to dissect the slavery James Russell Lowell and Mr. Henry James are the question so thoroughly, and to meet the various diff- subjects of two new volumes in the series of beautifully- cult problems of his later career. Mr. Hill has done printed bibliographies of American authors published by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. For the former, well in bringing out this important side of Lincoln's Mr. George Willis Cooke is responsible, and Mr. Le training and equipment. Incidentally, he destroys Roy Phillips for the latter. some of the myths that have been handed down A new “ Encyclopedia of Familiar Quotations," com- from one writer to another, some of them detracting piled by Mr. Elferd Eveleigh Treffry, is published by from the real dignity of the man; and for this also the Frederick A. Stokes Co. The selections number we are grateful. five thousand, and if many of them may not properly be styled “ familiar," they are all likely to prove useful for purposes of pointed illustration, and this is very BRIEFER MENTION. largely what such collections are for. “ The Book of Love,” compiled by Mr. Adam L. Sig. M. Esposito is the editor of a collection of “ Early Gowans, and published by Messrs. George W. Jacobs Italian Piano Music," just added by the Oliver Ditson & Co., is described as a collection of “one hundred of Co. to their “Musicians' Library." The introductory the best love-poems in the English language.” The matter consists of biographical sketches of the composers description is fairly justified by the contents, although represented, and descriptive notes on the harpsichord and it would not be difficult to collect another hundred clavichord, with full-page photographic plates. The lyrics of equal, or nearly equal, beauty. composers, seventeen in number, range from Ercole Pas The Chicago Madrigal Club, which has offered yearly goini (1580) to Muzio Clementi (1752-1832). The two prizes for musical compositions to accompaný poems Scarlattis have a large share of the space, Alessardro chosen by it for a musical setting, will this year vary being represented by six pieces, and Domenico by the its programme by offering its prize for an original series of nineteen sonnets, with the “Cati Fugue" as an lyric poem to be hereafter set to music. The prize is appendix. Readers of “Consuelo ” will be interested fifty dollars, and the competition is open to all writers in the specimen fugue from Porpera, and students of residing in the United States. A printed circular giv- Browning by the piece from Galuppi — a sonata and ing conditions of the contest may be had by addressing not a toccata. Mr. D. A. Clippinger, 410 Kimball Hall, Chicago. 1907.) 21 THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 82 titles, include books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. Memoirs of Prince of Chlodwig Hohenlohe-Schillings- fuerst. Authorized by Prince Alexander of Hohenlohe- Schillingsfuerst, and edited by Friedrich Curtius. English edition supervised by George W. Chrystal, B.A.; in 2 vols., with photogravure portraits, 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. Macmillan Co. $6. net. The Life and Letters of Lafcadio Hearn. By Elizabeth Bisland. In two vols., illus. in photogravure, etc., 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $6. net. Princesses and Court Ladies. By Arvéde Barine. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 360. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3. net. Honoré de Balzao. By Ferdinand Brunetiere. With portrait, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 316. "French Men of Letters." J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50 net. John Sherman. By Theodore E. Burton. With portrait, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 449. American Statesmen," second series. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25 net. Heroes of the Army in America. By Charles Morris. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 344. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25 net. Heroes of Progress in America. By Charles Morris. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 344. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25 net. Heroes of European History. By Louise Creighton. Illus., 12mo, pp. 196. Longmans, Green & Co. 50 cts. Giacomo Puccini. By Wakeling Dry. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 114. Living Masters of Music.” John Lane Co. $1. net. HISTORY. History of the United States, from the Compromise of 1850 to the Final Restoration of Home Rule at the South in 1877. By James Ford Rhodes, LL.D. Vols. VI. and VII., large 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. Macmillan Co. Per vol., $2.50 net. Napoleon's Last Voyages. With Introduction and Notes by J. Holland Rose, Litt. D. Illus., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 247. Charles Scribner's Sons. $3. net. GENERAL LITERATURE. Thoughts on Art and Life. By Leonardo da Vinci; trans. by Maurice Baring. 8vo, uncut, pp. 202. “Humanists' Li- brary.” Boston: The Merrymount Press. $6. The Tudor and Stuart Library. First vols.: Howell's De- vises, 1581, with introduction by Walter Raleigh; The Defence of the Realme, by Sir Henry Knyvett, 1596, with introduction by Charles Hughes; Pepys' Memoires of the Royal Navy. 1679–1688, edited by J. R. Tonner; Evelyn's Sculptura, edited .by C. F. Bell. Each 12mo, uncut. Oxford University Press. Per vol., $1.75. Translations into Latin and Greek Verse. By H. A. J. Munro; Prefatory Note by J. D. Duff. With photogravure portrait, 8vo, uncut, pp. 113. Longmans, Green, & Co. $2. Westminster Versions : Renderings into Greek and Latin Verse, Reprinted from the Westminster Gazette. Edited by Herbert F. Fox, M.A. 12mo, pp. 106. Oxford: B. H. Black- well. The Humor of Love, in Prose and Verse. By Tom Masson. In two vols., 12mo, uncut. Moffat, Yard & Co. $2.50 net. The Love Letters of Henry Eighth to Anne Boleyn. With frontispiece, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 60. John W. Luce & Co. $1.50. The Royall King and Loyall Subject. Written by Thomas Heywood; edited by Kate Watkins Tibbals. Large 8vo, pp. 154. University of Pennsylvania. The Wisdom of Benjamin Franklin, With Introduction by John J. Murphy. 18mo, gilt edges, pp. 202. Brentano's. $1. net. NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. The Satires of Juvenal. With Introduction by A. F. Cole, B.A. With portrait, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 382. * Temple Greek and Latin Classics." G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1. net. 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Edited with an Introduction by Richard Butler Glaenzer. With portrait in photogravure, 12mo, uncut, pp. 294. Brentano's. $1.50 net. The Romantic Composers. By Daniel Gregory Mason. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 353. Macmillan Co. $1.75 net. Chats on Old Prints. By Arthur Hayden. Illus. in color, etc., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 307. Frederick A. Stokes Co. $2. net. 22 THE DIAL [Jan. 1, CHOICE IV rules. Only three simple principles. By mail in 48 Concrete Country Residences. Illus., 4to, pp. 94. New York: Atlas Portland Cement Co. Paper. COMMISSIONS executed at the New York Book Auctions. Write me. Concrete Construction about the Home and on the Farm. WILLIAM H. SMITH, JR., 515 West 173d Street, New YORK Illus., 12mo, pp. 127. New York: Atlas Portland Cement Co. Paper. THE BENSEL ART BINDERY RELIGION AND THEOLOGY. 1907 Park Ave,, NEW YORK CITY. Atonement in Lit ature and Life. By Charles Allen Dinsmore. 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 250. 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Greatly increased facilities for the importation of English publications. 3. Competent bookmen to price lists and collect books. All this means prompt and complete shipments and right prices. THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO., Wholesale Booksellers 33-37 East Seventeenth Street, New York THE COLONIAL PERIOD Of our history is treated in the ten new leaflets just added to the Old South Series, Nos. 164–173. The Massachusetts Body of Liberties The New England Confederation The Carolina Constitution of 1669 John Wise on Government Early Accounts of the Settlements of James- town, New Amsterdam, and Maryland Price, 5 cents; $4 per 100 Send for complete lists. LIBRARY ORDERS DIRECTORS OF OLD SOUTH WORK OLD SOUTH MEETING HOUSE, BOSTON years we The STUDEBAKER For a nụmber of have been unusually success- ful in filling the orders of PUBLIC, SCHOOL AND COLLEGE LIBRARIES fine arts Building Michigan Boulevard, between Congress and Van Buren Streets, Chicago. No house in the country has bet- ter facilities for handling this busi- ness, as our large stock makes prompt service possible, and our long experience enables us to give valua- ble aid and advice to librarians. Library Department A. C. McCLURG & CO. CHICAGO FIRST TIME IN CHICAGO Sam S. and Lee Shubert present THE FLOWER GIRL With LOUISE GUNNING and LOUIS HARRISON 24 [Jan. 1, 1907, THE DIAL PUTNAM'S MONTHLY TOILU An Illustrated Magazine Literature Art and Life NGUVUS THI FOR 1907 PUTNAM'S MONTHLY “This first number comes into the library like a well- THE CRITIC bred person who knows how to sit before the fire and talk at ease; who has seen the world, who knows books, and has learned and practises the art of human intercourse. The magazine starts quietly, and puts into the hands of its readers, in a style which is in line with good literary traditions, matter which is worth reading." - The Outlook. INAS SONS PRIMEVAL MAN THE JANUARY NUMBER contains a full account, by Robert F. GILDER, of his recent finding, in a grave-mound in Nebraska, of thé skull of a human being of lower cranial develop- ment than any other yet unearthed in America. A similar discovery, some years since, in Java, and another in Switzerland, give special significance to this skull as indicating the existence of a race of inferior intelligence to any other of which records exist, and Mr. GILDER's important find is attracting the attention of the leading biologists of the country. The discoverer's personal narrative, together with the supplementary papers of a scientific character, is appropriately illustrated. CUBA IN AMERICAN POLITICS SALVINI AND RISTORI In connection with a similar article by RICHARD A series of essays on matters connected with their B. KNIGHT, printed in January, 1853, in the first art, by Signor SALVINI, the most eminent living number of “ Putnam's,” this paper strikingly actor, and by the late Mme. RISTORI, the most marks the first as an interesting prophecy of famous actress of the recent past. The latter Cuban history discusses the question of the endowed theatre, GREAT CHARACTERS OF PARLIAMENT while the former gives his views on the famous By HENRY W. Lucy, the well-known “ Toby characters he has impersonated. M. P.” of “ Punch.” Illustrated by a distinctive A STATESMAN OF THE SOUTH series of portraits. Professor H. PARKER WILLIS, under this title, CARL SCHURZ pays a tribute to the life and service of the late By Professor Henry L. NELSON. The writer William L. Wilson. was associated with Mr. Schurz in the manage- AMERICANS IN ENGLAND ment of “ Harper's Weekly " and succeeded him By HESTER RITCHIE, the granddaughter of W.M. as editor of the paper. Thackeray. LIBERAL CULTURE: ATHENIAN THREE EXCELLENT SHORT AND AMERICAN STORIES By President SCHURMAN of Cornell University. “Shattered Idylls,” by FOGAZZARO, the author THE EMILY EMMONS PAPERS of " The Saint”; “Mortmain,” by H. G. 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PUTNAM'S SONS, 27 & 29 West 23d Street, NEW YORK THE DIAL PRESS, FINE ARTS BUILDING, CHICAGO THE DIAL -- -- JAN 76 1907 - Socert A SEMI-MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. EDITED BY FRANCIS F. BROWNE OWNE} Volume XLII. No. 494. CHICAGO, JAN. 16, 1907. 10 cts, a copy. S FINE ARTS BUILDING $2. a year. 203 Michigan Blvd. { IMPORTANT NEW BOOKS Four Aspects of Civic Duty By WILLIAM H. TAFT, Secretary of War Four brilliant essays on the duties of citizenship viewed from the standpoint of a recent graduate of a University, of a Judge on the Bench, of Colonial Administration, and of the National Executive. 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Corea: The Hermit Nation By WILLIAM ELLIOT GRIFFIS A new and revised edition of this standard work, bringing the account of the history of the country down to 1906, with much new and important information in regard to present conditions in Corea. With a map corrected to the present time. Illustrated, $2.50. “ The work bears witness to a vast amount of well-directed labor, while it is clothed with a rare charm for the general reader, whose curios arding a long isolated nation will be satisfied ; it is also sure of a respectful and grateful reception from the student of history, ethnology, and philosophy."— New York Sun. The Cambridge Apostles By Mrs. CHARLES BROOKFIELD, author of “ Mrs. Brookfield and Her Circle.” Illustrated. $5.00 net. A brilliant account of the remarkable group of young men at Cambridge University, which included Tennyson, Buller, Lord Houghton, Trench, John Sterling, and Spedding, made up of letters and reminis- cences of the most entertaining kind, delightfully written by the author of “Mrs. Brookfield and Her Circle.” “ It deals with the same group of brilliant men [as · Mrs. Brookfield and Her Circle '], and is inspired by the same cheerful and admiring spirit.” – New York Tribune. The Peter Pan Alphabet By OLIVER HERFORD. With drawings by the author. $1.00 net; postage 8 cents. A verse and a drawing for each letter about some person or scene in the play - Peter himself, Hook, Nana, the Crocodile, the Pirates, the Wolves, Wendy, and the rest — are all inimitably drawn and rhymed. Peer Gynt With an Introduction and Notes by WILLIAM ARCHER A new volume in the New Complete Edition of the Works of HENRIK IBSEN The translation of the plays for this edition has been thoroughly revised and edited by William Archer, who was in many cases the original translator and who has written a new introduction for each volume. There will be eleven volumes. Sold separately at $1.00 each (Vol. XI. sold only with set). Volumes ready: THE VIKINGS and THE PRETENDER (1 vol.) A DOLL'S HOUSE and GHOSTS (1 vol.) BRAND, THE LEAGUE OF YOUTH, and PILLARS OF SOCIETY (1 vol.) CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS : NEW YORK 26 [Jan. 16, 1907. THE DIAL THE COMPANIONSHIPS OF BOOKS The Hohenlohe Memoirs SUPPOSE you could sit down and listen for an entire evening to the intimate conversation of a man who had been German Ambassador to France just after the Franco-Prussian War; who knew Bismarck well, and was Emperor William's right hand man! Would you not think it worth the price of this book ? The Memoirs of Prince von Hohenlohe Cloth, 8vo, with portraits, two volumes, $6.00 net. Bram Stoker's Henry Irving Rhodes's United States Dr. Hale's Tarry at Home Travels SUPPOSE you could hear Henry Irving's closest associate tell the complete story of the great actor's life, filling the account with delightfully funny anec- dotes and such interesting comments on Irving's art and experience as are to be found in the Personal Reminiscences of Henry Irving In two volumes, cloth, illustrated with portraits, etc. $7.50 net. SUPPOSE the most able historian in the United States should sit down and tell you, in a manner that was clear, concise, and really fascinating, all the causes that led up to our great civil war, with sharp, telling pictures of its great men, and should then skilfully untangle the threads of its network of results! It would be worth the cost of a set of Rhodes's History of the United States Seven volumes, cloth, $17.50 net; also in special bindings, $32.00 to $40.00. SUPPOSE that you and Dr. Edward Everett Hale could take a leisurely journey through New England, he pointing out the places where history was made, and telling stories all the while of the men who had lived there, many of them old personal friends of his own. He does this very thing in his Tarry at Home Travels Cloth, Svo, richly illustrated, $2.50 net. SUPPOSE that one of the “ Kings Port ladies” should step out from Owen Wister's “ Lady Baltimore "to tell you of the events and conditions that created the place and the people he describes. That is what is done in Mrs. Ravenel's Charleston Cloth, illustrated, $2.50 net. SUPPOSE that you could take long rambles about London with one of the most charming talkers you know, to tell you what to see and the history of it with such fine discrimination as Mr. Lucas shows in A Wanderer in London Cloth, illustrated, $1.75 net. SUPPOSE you could wander down the Mississippi, drifting on a lumber raft, poling a “shanty-boat,” walking on the levee, paddling a dugout on the bayou or a bateau on the headwaters, all for the price of Highways and By ways of the Mississippi Valley Cloth, illustrated from photographs by the author, $8.00 net. Mrs. Ravenel's Charleston Mr. Lucas's A Wanderer in London Clifton Johnson's Mississippi Valley Percival Lowell's Mars and its Canals SUPPOSE you could sit at the eyepiece of a great telescope while an astrono- mer who had studied the subject for twelve years stood at your elbow and showed you how to trace out the evidences of life on the strange planet Mars ! Percival Lowell's Mars and its Canals Illustrated with photogravures and color plates. Cloth, 8vo, $2.50 net. PUBLISHED BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 64-66 Fifth Ave., NEW YORK THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER BY THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. PAGE . THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2. a year in advance, FERDINAND BRUNETIÈRE. postage prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries comprised in the Postal Union, 60 cents a In one of the lectures which he gave in this year for extra postage must be added. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE country, when he visited us several years ago, DIAL COMPANY. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions Brunetière used the following words : will begin with the current number. When no direct request to discontinue at expiration of subscription is received, it is « The first condition of disinterestedness is never to assumed that a continuance of the subscription is desired. follow one's tastes, and to begin by distrusting the ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All communi- things which give us pleasure. The most delicious dishes cations should be addressed to THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. are not the most wholesome; we never fail to distinguish between our cooks and our doctors. In the moral world the beginning of virtue is to distrust what is most natu- ral to us, and the same is true in the intellectual world. No. 494. JANUARY 16, 1907. Vol. XLII. To distrust what we like is the beginning of wisdom in art and literature.” CONTENTS. We quoted this passage at the time when the distinguished Frenchman was our guest, and FERDINAND BRUNETIÈRE . 27 we now quote it again because it illustrates so clearly the fundamental characteristic of Bru- THE MASTER-NOTE IN LITERATURE. Charles Leonard Moore . netière's critical attitude toward literature. 28 First and last he stood for authority in criticism CASUAL COMMENT 31 Some of the problems of book publishing. - The as opposed to impressionism and caprice, for revival of interest in the drama. — The endowment objective standards as opposed to subjective of “ lazyships" at Harvard. — Teaching the young fancies, for law as opposed to anarchy in the idea how to shoot. - Aspects of American cities.- A curiosity in commercial literature. – London lit appreciation of books. erary happenings.-An artificial world-language. As the chief champion in our time of the Hero-worship on the wane. — The right to publish private letters. — The death of Ferdinand Brune- principle of authority in criticism, Brunetière tière. — Record prices for rare books. occupied a distinguished position, and his loss is one of the most serious possible to the world THE AUTHOR OF “BEN-HUR.” Percy F. Bicknell 34 of letters. He stood like a rock amid the flood THE TEACHING OF ELEMENTARY ECONOM- of critical writing that has been steadily swelling ICS. M. B. Hammond . . : 36 of recent years, and that has no other creden- ECHOES OF A FAMOUS LITERARY CONFLICT. tials to offer for its acceptance than the posses- Charles H. A. Wager 39 sion of verbal charm, the display of intellectual THE TRADE ORGANIZATIONS OF MEDIÆVAL agility, and the appeal to the hedonistic impulses ITALY. Laurence M. Larson 41 of our nature. In his resistance to the disinte- JOURNEYINGS IN COVETED LANDS. H. E. grating forces that seemed to him to be threat- Coblentz. 43 ening disaster to the fine art of literature, he Waddell's Lhasa and its Mysteries. — Sherring's Western Tibet and the British Borderland. grew more and more uncompromising in his Holdich's Tibet the Mysterious.-Fraser's Pictures pronouncements, more and more reactionary in from the Balkans. his attitude, and the end found him standing BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 45 apart, in grim isolation, from most of the ad- Education, is it a science or an art ? - Aftermath vancing movements and liberalizing tendencies of the Hawthorne centenary. - Good work by the Library of Congress. — Sketches from the note- of his age. It was a stand that challenged admi- book of a journalist. - A sensible appreciation of ration, even when it revealed him as the foe of Chaucer. — So saith the Preacher. — Beginning of justice in the Dreyfus affair, as the enemy of a history of Civilization. -Memoir of a philosopher and historian. social and political progress in his ultramontane partisanship, and as the opponent, in the name BRIEFER MENTION 48 of the classical seventeenth century, of those NOTES 48 literary developments which, not wholly for good LIST OF NEW BOOKS 49 but assuredly not wholly for ill, were bestowing . 28 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL a distinctive character upon his own age, and is calculated to detract from the originality of great were preparing the way for the age that should artists or great writers. On the contrary, as is doubt- come after him. less perceived, it is precisely their individuality that is responsible for the constitution of new species, and in The man who commits himself to the prin- consequence for the evolution of literature and art." ciple of authority in criticism incurs certain It is not difficult to see that the principle thus dangers, no doubt, which Brunetière's career formulated must act as a solvent of the tra- illustrates. He is sure to be a conservative, and ditional criticism of authority, and that its ac- extreme conservatism is almost as much to be ceptance must render obsolete, in very large avoided as extreme radicalism. The conserva measure, the method of judging contemporary tive view is pretty sure to be the sound one in products by the closeness with which they meas- the majority of cases, because it results from ure up to classical standards. And it is also the tested opinions of many minds; whereas the fairly evident to the reader of Brunetière's crit- radical view is always experimental, and stands icism of contemporary literature that his admi- a fair chance of being proved untenable. But ration of the past deadened his alertness to the no lesson drawn from the history of thought is possibilities of the present, and to no inconsid- plainer than that radical views are sometimes erable extent dulled in him the prophetic sense. right, and that the conservative ideas they op But the extremes to which modern impres- pose may be crusted prejudices rather than rea- sionism has gone are such as to drive almost soned judgments. The critic of to-day is the heir any judicially-minded critic into the camp of of all the ages, but he is also an observer from reaction ; and it is small wonder that Brune- the vantage-point of the new time, with its more tière's balanced intellect, with its sense of his- refined instruments and its broadened horizons. torical perspective and its temper of essential There can hardly be a doubt that Brunetière set sanity, should have been repelled by the restless his gaze too resolutely toward the past, and that extravagances of current critical expression, and his devotion to the ideals of Bossuet and Racine should have sought refuge in the haven of a past made him incapable of doing full justice to of defined and realized ideals. The tide of recent Renan and Hugo. criticism has set so strongly against any form There was, moreover, an irreconcilable con- of law or any sort of acceptance of authority tradiction between the critic in his character of that we cannot but be grateful for the steadying laudator temporis acti and his character as the influence exerted -- always forcibly if not ex- expositor of the principle of literary evolution. actly gracefully --- by the great critic who has This principle was the philosophical basis of his just died. He has fought stoutly for thirty years later writings, and his defence thereof constitutes in what must be admitted, despite certain defects his chief claim to a permanent place in the his- of sympathy and aberrations of judgment, to tory of criticism. One of the many statements have been a good cause, and his memory is de- that he made of it may be quoted. serving of all honor. Whether or not his books “A given variety of literature, for instance, the En- will continue to be read far into the future, we glish drama of the sixteenth century, or the French cannot foretell ; if they fall too speedily into comedy of the seventeenth century, or the English novel of the eighteenth century, is in process of devel- neglect and forgetfulness, we feel bound to opment, slowly organizing itself under the double influ believe that it will be so much the worse for ence of the interior and exterior (environment. The the future. movement is slow and the differentiation almost insen- sible. Suddenly, and without its being possible to give the reason, a Shakespeare, a Molière, or a Richardson THE MASTER-NOTE IN LITERATURE. appears, and forthwith not only is the variety modified, but new species have come into being: psychological Death is the shadow which defines light. It is drama, the comedy of character, the novel of manners. the mystery which underscores and emphasizes life. The superior adaptability and power of survival of the It is the negation which makes the assertion of new species are at once recognized and proved, indeed, existence valuable. The poetry of life, even the in practice. It is in vain that the older species attempt poetry of love, cannot compare with the poetry of to struggle: their fate is sealed in advance. The suc death. - At the touch of death the common masks cessors of Richardson, Molière, and Shakespeare copy these unattainable models until, their fecundity being and high and stately forms step forth, of life are dropped, the vulgar veils of flesh dissolve, exhausted -- and by their fecundity I mean their apti- tions unembodied on earth, possibilities unhinted in imagina- tude for struggling with kindred and rival species — the imitation is changed into a routine which becomes the race we know. a source of weakness, impoverishment, and death for I have no desire to add a page to Drelincourt the species. I shall not easily be persuaded that this Death. But impatience consumes one at our moi manner of considering the history of literature or art attitude to the great, serious, and tragic the 1907.) 29 THE DIAL thought and art. Especially does our American a living denial of life, retired to the edge of the hedonism, our love of pleasure, our fear of pain or Egyptian desert. Balzac's “Passion in the Desert” shock, rebel at the best and highest in literature. expresses some of the sentiment of such places, and We grasp at the shallow criticism which speaks of Flaubert's Tentation de St. Antoine gives the hal- the pessimistic, the melancholy, the gloomy, as the lucinations which arise in them. Leopardi's “Ode minor note. Even in music, from which this term to the Ginestra” expresses the mountain desolation is borrowed, it is not true that melancholy themes and much besides. or notes which excite sad impressions are secondary. Men are subject to partial deaths — loss of limbs, Most of the great symphonies, oratorios, requiems, decay of faculties, paralysis, age. Invalidism is in are sad and stormy and terrible. And the same literature in a thousand forms. Two of its oddest conditions are so plain in literature that a critic figures are the hero of Balzac's Peau de Chagrin must apologize for pointing it out. But, our childish who had his life shortened every time he made a readers say, there is enough that is painful and wish, and Peter Schlemihl who lost his shadow. shocking and horrible in life, — why reiterate it in There is a vast deal of poetry dedicated to the literature? Wordsworth prayed for frequent sights death of the year — Autumn. I am inclined to of what is to be borne. We do not acquire fortitude think that the Spring poets are not so prolific, nor by running away from danger, and a literature of have they so good a subject. lollipops is not likely to make a strong race. The World engulfments, such as earthquakes, tidal- tragic part of literature is the most tonic and most waves, volcanic destructions, are, like great wars, inspiring on too big a scale for literature to handle easily. But to our task, which is to try to draw out the Bulwer's "Last Days of Pompeii” is an effort in themes and situations in literature which have to do this field, and there is a story of Jules Verne's about with death. First, there is the bier, the tomb, the the partial destruction of the earth by a comet. grave themselves. Shakespeare frequently intro All these matters, however, are the mere fringe duces the dead upon a bier. Antony comes to bury of our subject, the penumbra of the black eclipse. Cæsar, not to praise him. Richard wooes Anne over | The central body of tragedy is concerned with the the bier of her husband. King Lear's heart cracks agonies and deaths of single figures and selected as Cordelia is borne in. Then there is the tomb of groups. The wholesale massacres of war are, as I the Capulets, Hamlet at Ophelia's grave, the funeral have said, at once too vast and too business-like to of Imogen. Hugo has Hernani amid the tombs of be of much use in fiction. The execution done by the kings; and in Byron’s “ Prisoner of Chillon ” | the ancient epic heroes was more interesting than the prison becomes a grave. The grave yawned at anything of the kind since. As a fighter in the Iliad every step in English eighteenth-century literature. or Æneid, you had a rather intimate and engaging Gray's “Elegy,” Blair's “Grave,” Young's “ Night task before you. You met your opponent face to Thoughts,” testify to the nerves of a people who face; you could select the special joint or organ you were not afraid to face death. The Romantic school wished to carve or aim at; you saw the blood gush in Germany dealt so much in shrouds and cerements and the death-spasm convulse him, — and then you and fleshless bones that their literature is like an passed on to other work. In the middle ages, when undertaking establishment. your foe was a moving tower of steel, you were a Burial alive is a theme which so fascinated the great deal less in touch with him; and in modern imagination of our greatest American literary artist times, when unseen you pump lead at an invisible that he made it the basis of several of his stories. enemy a mile away, there can be no personal inter- Its possibilities are summed up, however, in Juliet's est in the business at all. speech. Suspension of life by means of drugs is a In the main, epic poetry is outward rather than common enough factor of plot. Juliet herself simu- inward, physical rather than spiritual, martial rather lates death in that way. The deception of death is than tragic. The glitter of arms, sounding of trum- used by Shakespeare in the “Winter's Tale” and pets, neighing of horses, descriptions of apparel, “Much Ado about Nothing." houses, cities, — all the panorama of earth, ocean, Temples, cathedrals, churches, are man's tribute air, — these, ordered of course by some great event, altars to death. From Delphi and Stonehenge down are its subject matter. The deaths in it are inci- they have been favored haunts of fiction, and in dal rather than inevital in tragedy every- “Notre Dame” Victor Hugo has summed up and draws onward to t coke of fate. In expressed the sentiment that attaches hem. gam ll the - the first glare Dead cities, ruins, relics of the po brer ab mur the chorus about forth the very odor of death. dit dre of of Atreus, the over the ruins of Carthage, O ro rink ic Cassandra, — lead Balclutha, Childe Harold wan w s are thrown open fanes, - these are figures in and ling on the blood- nection. stai the Witches on the Waste places, deserts, ps bl a the horrors that are nature's monuments of f ist appears to Hamlet, anchorites, each one of g but death and deso- ng up to де + 2. 30 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL ance comes. lation at Elsinore. It is this concentration of all effects upon a certain point, and that point the death of one or more great characters, which makes tragedy the most impressive work of man. There are deaths of high and holy mystery, such as that of Moses, rapt away to his unknown grave; Elisha, caught up by the fiery chariot; and Edipus at Colonus, whose death, “if ever any was, was wonderful.” Another is the living death of Prometheus, chained to the rock, his vitals continu- ally eaten and continually renewed, until he consents to yield his secret to Zeus. Death scenes which hardly amount to high tragedy may yet rank as most pathetic and effective pages of fiction. How many tears have been shed over the death of Little Nell or Paul Dombey! What rather higher emotions have been roused by the passing away of Lefevre or Colonel Newcome! And the death of Porthos, — that scene alone would make Dumas immortal. Newspaper writers invariably condemn the inter- est in murders as morbid. I am not sure I know what morbidity means, for I continually find myself applauding things in literature which persons of more delicate sensibilities tell me are tainted with that quality. I suppose the morbid is the abnormal, the unnatural. If this is so, the whole human race must be steeped in it, for there is nothing that so attracts and interests mankind as a murder. De Quincey's grotesque papers on “ Murder considered as a Fine Art” hardly overstate this interest. I suppose the feeling of the many in this matter is a compound of sympathy with the victim whose per- son and past is suddenly lifted into a glare of light, a sickening sense that the same thing might happen to themselves, a desire for revenge, and a shock of excitement which raises them for the moment above the dull routine of life. All these feelings are nat- ural. Probably three-fourths of the tragic pieces of the world, and a goodly share of the novels, are based on murder or suicide themes. Death overhanging but evaded, as in hair-breadth escapes, heroic histories, adventures by land and sea, forms a main strand of fiction. But death is the gate to the other world. Man- kind marches through its open portals, and comes not back. What do come back are troops of ghosts and gods, philosophies and religions, thoughts that assuage and assure. The scientific method has of late been applied to animism - to occult and spiritual phenomena. Cases have been counted and tabulated, the credi- bility of witnesses investigated; a vote has been taken, as it were, on the subject. Probably the re- sults will not convince anybody who did not believe before. But it is made certain that animism is as deeply rooted in the modern world as it ever was. And it is equally certain that its manifestations afford the best kind of literary material — that they are the very brood of awe and wonder and mystical predominance. Ghosts are the most natural, the simplest, of the spirit tribes. The human being desires or dreads companionship with the departed, and the Appear- Or more frequently the Apparition is driven to walk the earth to expiate crimes commit- ted there, or to relieve itself of the burden of some secret. The ancients had such a fully equipped establishment of spiritual agencies that they did not have much recourse to ghosts. And these were too tame and gentle for the demonologists of the Dark Ages. Shakespeare really did most to propel them into literature. The ghost in Hamlet, Banquo's spirit, the apparitions that rose before Richard, these estab- lished the standing of the family in literature. The opposition between Good and Evil in the world was largely the origin of Demonology. People saw plainly enough that Evil usually had the upper hand, so they proceeded to worship or propitiate its deities. Europe kept a huge standing army of these things on foot for centuries, reaching from Beelzebub himself down to the humblest gnome or elf, with witches and warlocks for their human intermediaries. The Djinns, Afreets, Genii, Ghouls of Persia and Arabia, were an allied race. Folk-lore and popular legend are full of such imaginations, and Goethe has pictured their Olympus in Faust. Magicians, miracle-workers, interpreters of signs, infest all ages. Such were the Enchanters who failed before Aaron, or the Magi who had to give place to Daniel. The early men of science were not only accounted miracle-workers by the populace, but themselves struggled to acquire occult powers. Pythagoras, Empedocles, Apollonius of Tyana, Par- acelsus, Friar Bacon, and even in recent times Mesmer and Cagliostro, were probably half impos. tors, half seekers for the truth. The whole spirit of such personages is summed up in fiction by the single figure of Faust. Dumas's “Memoirs of a Physician” is an immense and amusing explication of it. Gods are an integral part of the greatest litera- ture. In the big times of poetry, writers began from Jove and not from their neighbor in a 'street-car. And audiences took it as a compliment to them- selves to see divinities fighting, or conversing with, or making love to, their own ancestors. The vast elemental mythologies of India or Greece or Scan- dinavia tell yet on our imaginations. They tell more profoundly than anything that can be devised to-day. It cannot too often be repeated that religion and philosophy and literature are one. They are synonymous terms for the same thing. Religion is sometimes the text, philosophy the comment, and literature the visualising agency; but sometimes one precedes and sometimes another. The theogany of Hesiod came after the creation of Homer. The hymns of the Rig-Veda, the Upanishads, and the Hindu epics, followed in unknown order ; but they are all literature, and all religion, and all philosophy. The vast Catholic mythology was built up with scant reference to the Scriptures. The religious principles which have to do with death and the hereafter, the ideas of resurrection and immortality, have their philosophic counterparts 1907.] 31 THE DIAL name. in Plato's Theory of Ideas and the Hindu thought CASUAL COMMENT. of Maya or Illusion. But the philosophical schemes are comparatively barren for literature ; whereas SOME OF THE PROBLEMS OF BOOK PUBLISHING are the religious ones burst out into creation everywhere. brought out in a forcible way by Mr. John Murray, the The final scenes of the Mahabharata, the episodes in veteran London publisher, in an article in the December the Greek and Latin poets dealing with Hades and “Contemporary Review.”. Referring to the “ Times Elysium, and, final summation of the whole, Dante's book-war," and intimating that the “ Thunderer” is great poem, testify to the fruitfulness of those ideas. grievously in error as to divers book-trade matters, Mr. Multiplicity rather than unity is the ruling spirit Murray passes on to points of general interest in con- of literature. It must have opposing forces, strife, nection with his business. Some of its difficulties are varied pictures of life. The tribal systems of Indian experienced in the sudden and mysterious dead stop that may occur in the sale of almost any book at any cosmogany, the dualism of Zoroaster, the delicately time; in the unacknowledged and unpaid-for editorial divided mythology of Greece, are all conformable supervision that a work may call for after acceptance; to its laws. Even when it gets a pure monotheism in the large demand for free copies of books (five for like the Jewish, it proceeds as quickly as possible copyright purposes alone, in England); and in the to transform it into a dualism and then into a trinity doubling, in the last thirty years, of a publisher's gen- of good opposed to multiple powers of evil. For eral establishment expenses. The popular belief that this reason, the Buddhistic idea of Nirvana can Gladstone could secure the success of any book was work little good for literature. There is a question proved false in the failure of three promising biographies whether the true doctrine of Nirvana is annihila- published by Mr. Murray, two of them ať Gladstone's tion, or only resumption into God and the being instigation, and all three puffed by reviews, speeches, and freed from the pain of new birth. The latter inter- private commendation from the great statesman. Pride in producing works of lasting value prompted the issue pretation is probably the Hindu one, while Euro- of the “ Dictionary of Christian Biography," the “ Dic- pean thinkers who have accepted the doctrine — tionary of Hymnology," and the “ Classical Atlas "; but Schopenhauer above all — lean to the first. It is these praiseworthy undertakings still show a deficit of obvious that neither branch of this principle has any more thousands of pounds than the publisher cares to possibilities of literary growth and efflorescence. No business in London, concludes the writer, Modern science is also in some sense paralyzing except perhaps the management of a great newspaper, to literature. When it discovers myriads of organ- demands so much unremitting labor, alertness, and atten- ized creatures in a drop of water, and divides these tion to infinite detail, as the business of publishing books. again unto infinity into atoms and units of force, the human imagination is appalled and dismayed. THE REVIVAL OF INTEREST IN THE DRAMA manifests Similarly, when it shows us streams of stars, clouds itself in more ways than one. An encouraging symptom of nebulæ, universe upon universe, floating like is the establishment in Berlin of a “chamber theatre bubbles on the bosom of ether - which substance for the elect of cultured and discriminatingly apprecia- itself is like death, a negation, yet the most potent tive play-goers, those who enjoy “intimate " acting and to whom the conventional clap-trap of the stage is thing there is - we may be inspired, but it is with wearisome. In an oblong room panelled with mahogany, an inspiration which cannot realize itself in concrete with no galleries or boxes, and without painted decora- terms. tions, the spectator sinks into a luxurious arm-chair In beginning this series of brief inquiries into the (for which he has paid twenty marks, by the purchase root-ideas of fiction, I said that all literature is built of eight tickets for the season) and is entertained by up from a few scraps of nature and human experi- (let us say) a presentation of Ibsen's “Ghosts,” in which ence. This is not to say that it is, in its results, simple. the actors depend for effect wholly on their own intel- Many, perhaps most, writers have a predilection for lectual and emotional equipment, foregoing the adven- a certain set of impressions, a certain sphere of action titious aid of false hair on head or face, of paint, and of all the arts and devices employed in the ordinary stage or thought. They write love lyrics, and they think that love lyrics are the whole of poetry; they pho- harmony with the smallness and the tasteful simplicity “ make-up.” Any forcing of the note would be out of tograph contemporary life, and they insist that such of the chamber theatre,” and there is nothing to mar work is all that is worth doing. But if from the two the enjoyment of the play as the production of a master score or more of syllabled sounds all the languages of mind interpreted by gifted and sympathetic artists. the world have been built up, if from the eighty sim The only regret is that the sphere of immediate influence ple elements there is made the whole universe, what of so praiseworthy an innovation should, of necessity, are the possibilities of scheme and combination with be so restricted. Yet even thus some measure of leav- the individual units of the human race? The count ening downward may be looked for, as always in move- of those that are or have been rise in their myriads to ments that make for the elevating of art and literature. numbers beyond name. Yet no two have been alike. Each human being has viewed and reflected the uni THE ENDOWMENT OF “LAZYSHIPS ” at Harvard was verse at a different angle and has been shuffled among once recommended by Lowell. The wisdom of the his compeers in a different way. The possibilities learned man which cometh by opportunity of leisure, as of character and situation and plot are practically the Preacher puts it, is not exactly the wisdom striven limitless. for by the late President Harper's ideal professor who CHARLES LEONARD MOORE. was to toil strenuously and gladly eleven months of the 32 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL year in order to recuperate (in a sanatorium) during the contrast can be found in America than between these twelfth — or perhaps to be cut off in his prime, as was two cities. The comparative quiet and decorous aspect Dr. Harper himself. The decay of academic leisure is and conduct of the New England capital pleased him. deplored by Mr. Irving Babbitt in the current “ Har “Nowhere in Boston," he affirms, “ will you find the vard Graduates' Magazine.” This writer aptly quotes extravagant ingenuity [in architecture] which makes Professor Bosanquet's words: “ Leisure — the word New York ridiculous." Beacon Street he pronounces from which our word school' is derived — was for the one of the most majestic streets in the world. Boston Greek the expression of the highest moments of the Common, the Old South Meeting-House, Faneuil Hall, mind. It was not labor; far less was it recreation. It the great university across the Charles -- these and was that employment of the mind in which, by great other places and institutions he warmly admires; but in thoughts, by art and poetry which lift us above our asserting that Harvard “still worships the classics with selves, by the highest exertion of the intelligence, as a constant heart” he must be deceived as to how little we should add, by religion, we obtain occasionally a of Latin and how much less of Greek (or is it now none sense of something that cannot be taken from us, a real at all ?) are at present required for a B. A. degree from oneness and centre in the universe; and which makes our oldest university. “Culture,” he says, “ has always us feel that whatever happens to the present form of been at once the boast and the reproach of Boston”; our little ephemeral personality, life is yet worth living and he proceeds to criticise, with some deserved ridi- because it has a real and sensible contact with some cule, the Boston passion for lectures, an American thing of eternal value.” The lesson is an old one, but eagerness to acquire much in the least possible time. not the less timely: what we are is more important But he adds, referring to culture: “ Even now Boston, than what we do; wise passiveness is sometimes better its earliest slave, is shaking off the yoke; and it is taking than bustling activity. The present low estate of poetry refuge in the more modern cities of the West. Chicago has been ascribed to our lack of that contemplative is, I believe, its newest and vastest empire. There, leisure which is more and more difficult to find in the where all is odd, it is well to be thought a thinker.' strenuous conditions of our modern life. There, we are told, the elect believe it their duty to reach and stimulate others.' But wherever culture is found strange things are done in its name, and the time TEACHING THE YOUNG IDEA HOW TO Shoot (with may come when by the light of Chicago's brighter lamp rifles) is a development that probably the poet did not so Boston may seem to dwell in the outer darkness." much as dream of when he penned his familiar line. Yet the advocates of general conscription in England, the “ Blue Funk School," as they have been styled, A CURIOSITY IN COMMERCIAL LITERATURE, and at the appear to have inflamed the patriotic frenzy to such a same time a gratifying bit of evidence that, in these pitch that the phrase " children in arms" now takes on days of mammon-worship, of graft, of investigating a new meaning. A Devonshire vicar, evidently a repre committees, and of mud-rakers, we are not all going sentative of the church militant, is even quoted as de straight to perdition, is found in a seedsman's trade claring: “I would have every girl as well as every boy catalogue from an Eastern business house. With a sub- taught the use of the rifle, so as to be prepared, in case lime trust in man's (and woman's) better nature, the of emergency, to defend their homes, together with head of this establishment has built up a prosperous their brothers, busbands, and fathers. This is the spirit business with none of the modern appliances of book- I inculcate in my parish. We want patriotic men and keeping and auditing, checks and balances, that seem women, not cowards and sneaks.” This reminds one of to rest on the theory that everybody is presumably a the turbulent paterfamilias and his blustering pronun rogue until he is proved honest. The following reads ciamento, “I will have peace in the family if I have to like a page from the description of trade methods in fight for it.” The educational imbroglio in England some Utopian Spotless-Town: “ The head clerks (they has its amusing aspects, especially as viewed from out are ladies) pay themselves each week from the funds side; but even an outsider can sympathize with the received by the one acting as treasurer. From year's editor of « The Westminster Review,” who thus frees end to year's end no receipt passes between us. When- his mind: “That rifle shooting should be taught in our ever the treasurer finds more money on her hands than elementary schools with the sanction of a Liberal Min she needs she passes it over to me, and I put it in my ister for education, affords an astonishing commentary pocket without counting it. It is the same with the upon our much-vaunted principles of Peace, Retrench clerk below; he pays off the men, and from time to time ment, and Reform.'” He trusts that the permission to passes over to me the surplus, no receipt for moneys add this new study to the curriculum will be speedily received or paid out ever being passed between us. The withdrawn - a consummation devoutly to be wished by clerks at large have always been paid by the hour; they all who hold that the reading-book is mightier than the keep their own accounts, hand these in to the lady in Krag-Jorgenson rifle. charge of their department at the close of each week, and are paid accordingly. During all my fifty years in ASPECTS OF AMERICAN CITIES, as seen by an English business there has never been any reason to doubt the visitor, Mr. Charles Whibley, best known as a sprightly honesty of these weekly accounts.” All this, and more essayist and the author of “A Book of Scoundrels," in the same pleasant strain, is in reply to a customer “ The Pageantry of Life,” and “Studies in Frankness," who, having sent money in an unregistered letter and have lately been receiving attention in “ Blackwood's failed to hear of its receipt, imputed dishonesty to some Magazine.” Of New York this observer says that “the clerk in the firm's employ. We are tempted to contrast most vivid and constant impression that remains is of a with these humane methods the system in use at an city where the means of life conquer life itself, whose institution of quite another sort, an institution dedicated citizens die hourly of the rage to live." Visiting Boston, to the cause of polite literature, -- a public library, in he is moved to declare that no more sudden or striking short, -- where the assistants are not free from the 1907.] 33 THE DIAL shall appear on the scene and have the stones of the bridge numbered and carried off, to be built up again in his own back-yard. Another Scotchman whom it was some time ago proposed to honor with a monument in his native land is the great hero-worshipper himself; for him a replica of the Chelsea statue was suggested, but at last accounts the originators of this plan were disposed to accept with thanks enough money to pay for a me- dallion portrait. As a gratifying exception to the rule, the preservation of the Coleridge cottage at Nether Stowey by an English society with a characteristically long name (The National Trust for the Preservation of Places of Natural Beauty and Historical Interest) seems now not unlikely to become an assured fact. irksome and humiliating, if not demoralizing, restraints and checks that are so happily unknown and unneeded in this other institution whose avowed object is the pursuit of gain. LONDON LITERARY HAPPENINGS, past, present, and future, are claiming attention with the coming in of the new year. Miss Mary Cholmondeley's “ Prisoners” is pronounced to have been “ the novel of the year" in England. The last twelvemonth has seen the death of many eminent English authors, including Dr. Richard Garnett, Mrs. Craigie (“ John Oliver Hobbes”), Mrs. Chesson (“Nora Hopper”), William Sharp (a dual or multiple personality, “ Fiona Macleod” being but one of his phases), and F. W. Maitland, the biographer of Leslie Stephen. While we are preparing for our Longfellow centenary in February, the English are planning to celebrate, two months later, the two hun- dredth birthday of a genius of quite another order Henry Fielding. The London literary correspondent of a leading New York journal proclaims, in addition, the forthcoming observance, in December, of still another bicentenary that of John Wesley. But this good man and ever- er-enjoyable diarist was duly belauded and be-written three years and a half ago. Probably the correspondent means John's brother Charles (he says his man wrote 6500 hymns), and the hymn-writer was indeed born in December of the year 1707 — incor- rectly given in the old reference books as 1708. AN ARTIFICIÅL WORLD-LANGUAGE, even for business uses, may be an impossibility, but the claims of Espe- ranto as a medium of international intercourse among Aryan peoples are not inconsiderable. Such is its sim- plicity that with only two thousand roots (the greater part of them intelligible even to one who knows only English) seventy thousand words may be easily formed enough, surely, for every-day purposes. Professor George Macloskie, writing in the “North American Review," considers the new language a work of genius, and takes exception to the late utterances of Professor Münsterberg, who, he avers, condemns Esperanto for the sins of Volapük. Dr. Zamenhof's address at the recent Esperanto congress is published in the same num- ber of the “ Review." The inventor of this tongue is an idealist as well as a practical linguist. He hopes great things for humanity from the spread of Espe- ranto: it will help to break down international barriers and to promote « brotherhood and justice among man- kind.” Even so cool a head as Professor Wilhelm Ostwald has caught the enthusiasm. Speaking at the Aberdeen University celebration last September, he regretted the existing diversity of tongues as a hin- drance to international peace, and added: “I express my strong conviction that this problem is on the way of being solved by means of an international auxiliary language." HERO-WORSHIP ON THE WANE is the lament wafted to our ears from across the water. Shelley's notebooks -three little leather-covered memorandum books given by the poet's widow to Sir Percy Shelley, and by him to the late Dr. Richard Garnett have been suffered to pass under the auctioneer's hammer in London to a rich American bibliophile, for $15,000. In Scotland Lord Rosebery has been trying, with no very brilliant saccess, to persuade the canny Caledonians to “chip in ” and save the “ Auld Brig o' Ayr” immortalized by Robert Burns before some odious American multimillionare THE RIGHT TO PUBLISH PRIVATE LETTERS has re- cently become an interesting subject of discussion in England. A late decision of the Court of Appeal, whereby the right to publish certain letters of Charles Lamb was declared to reside with their present pos- sessor or his agent, seems to entitle, in England, the receiver of letters to publish them without the consent of the writer, or of his executor or other legal represen- tative if he be dead. This, in the opinion of many, is a perilous state of affairs, and calls for legislative cor- rection. The persons most interested in the correspon- dence of a recently deceased celebrity are, manifestly, the surviving relatives and near friends, and not, in all cases, the recipients of the letters, or even the literary executor; but the family and friends have at present no legal right to interfere with the publication of post- humous matter of this sort. Will the frankness and freedom of friendly correspondence suffer from all this something like a cold chill, and lose the charm of its careless informality? THE DEATH OF FERDINAND BRUNETIÈRE is appro- priately noticed in a black-bordered leaflet inserted, evidently at the last moment, in the mid-December Revue des Deux Mondes, with which the eminent littéra- teur was so long connected as contributor and editor. The obituary notice, from the pen of M. Paul Leroy- Beaulieu, president of the magazine's supervisory coun- cil, is merely preliminary to a longer and more studied article that is soon to follow. The Revue justly prides itself on having extended to Brunetière the hospitality of its pages when he was poor and friendless, and on having retained and honored him until his death. That even in bodily suffering and decay he could still handle with an assured touch and a calm judgment the literary questions and contemporary problems that interested him, was evidenced by his latest contributions to the magazine which he conducted, and whose very last number of the year dying with himself was made up under his direction. RECORD PRICES FOR RARE BOOKS, so far as this country is concerned, were paid in the year just closed another proof of commercial prosperity, if not of increased interest in literature. It was at Libbie's, in Boston, that the highest price for a single volume (Poe's “A] Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems," Baltimore, 1829) and also for a lot (the four folios of Shakespeare, first and third imperfect) was paid at public auction. The Poe brought $1560, the Shake- speare $8950. An uncut copy of the former sold in 1901 for $1300, and a perfect set of the latter realized £10,000 at private sale in 1905. 34 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL ance. The New Books. of the grown man. His education and shaping were largely his own. Though the son of one who rose to be governor of his state (Indiana) THE AUTHOR OF - BEN-HUR.”* and was afterward sent to Congress, young It is nearly a twelvemonth since General Lew Wallace's early environment was of the rudest, Wallace died, in his seventy-eighth year. A and the untimely death of his mother removed full account of his long and remarkably eventful one of the few gentler influences that had soft- life, down to the summer of 1864, had been ened its asperities. Although he goes so far as written by him in the preceding eight or nine to attribute wholly to his wife “ what of success years; and this autobiography his widow, has come to me, all that I am, in fact," a reser- assisted by a friend, Miss Mary H. Krout, now vation must be made in favor of the mother, to edits, with a continuation of the narrative. The whom he also pays tribute as follows: whole is published in two octavo volumes of five “My mother, the Esther French Test already men- hundred pages each, the final two hundred being tioned, died in her twenty-seventh year, leaving me so young that her sweet motherliness is a clearer impres- the continuation. Portraits, facsimile letters, sion on my mind than either her qualities or her appear- maps, and other illustrative matter, are amply of the latter, all I can now recall are her eyes, provided, and the result is a work of more than large, sparkling, and deeply brown. They follow me ordinary interest, especially to the veterans of yet. Indeed, through my seventy years there has never been a day so bright or a night so dark that, upon re- our great Civil War and to the survivors of the currence of the thought of them, I have been unable to Mexican conflict. This earlier war takes up a see them seeing me.” hundred pages of the book, while the later one The reminiscences of a rejected suitor supply us fills the last half of the first volume and two- with details of her beauty and grace, the charm thirds of the second. Besides being spirited of her innocent coquetry, her fondness for dan- and well written, this military narrative throws cing, and with it all her Puritan devoutness, light on several matters of historic controversy. her goodness and charity. The father too The pages devoted to the author's early lit- deserves more than a passing word. He had a erary aspirations and activity, and those describ- fine taste in literature and could render effec- ing his rise and progress as a lawyer, a politician, tively the productions of the great writers. A and a diplomat, are thus cut down to compara- description is given of one of these family read- tively small proportions ; but this smaller sec- ings, of rare occurrence in summer, “ rather tion of the whole, especially the fraction of it sovereign graces reserved for winter evenings, that deals with the writer's literary interests, when solemn preparation was made by piling may perhaps best be more particularly consid- high the old-fashioned fireplace with fuel, and ered in this review. The general outline of the putting in place the table, lamp, and easy chair. author's public life is too familiar, or at least Then at last “we were ready; so was the reader.” too easily accessible in books of reference, to • My father had a face complementary of a beautiful detain us here. What is less known is his early head. A more serviceable voice for the carriage of indication of artistic talent, which, combined delicate feeling I never heard. It was of all the mid- with an equally early and pronounced passion dle tones, and remarkably sensitive to the touch of the thought to be rendered... . He delighted, for ex- for the paraphernalia of armed encounter -- a ample, in the Essays of Elia; Shakespeare and Milton passion nourished by the Black Hawk War then he regarded with a kind of awe. It was from him in progress resulted in a series of battle I first had the full effects of “ The Lay of the Last Minstrel” and “Childe Harold.” He fixed pictures such as by no means every boy could standard my of pulpit eloquence by the sermons of Dr. Chalmers, have drawn. Two of these spirited sketches are Robert Hall, Bossuet, and Bourdaloue. Once he gave reproduced in the opening pages of the book. an evening to Thucydides, and so powerful was his ren- A fondness for poetry and romance, as for lit dition of the retreat of the Athenians from Syracuse erature generally ; a love of nature, especially that it has since been one of my exemplars in historical of rivers, with an incurable tendency to play writing." truant from sunrise to sunset; and a delight in Another pen-portrait must be given. Lawyer public oratory, whether set off by the imposing Wallace and his friend Daniel W. Voorhees - surroundings of a law-court or by the more both of them recently established in their pro- turbulent accompaniments of a political gather- fession at Covington, Indiana — had taken ing - these youthful likings and affinities fore- advantage of a leisure day to hire a horse and shadow the varied pursuits and achievements buggy and drive to Danville, Illinois, where court was in session. In the tavern bar-room, * Lew WALLACE. An Autobiography, Illustrated. In two volumes. New York: Harper & Brothers. after supper, sat three of the best story-tellers 1907.] 35 THE DIAL of Indiana, “swapping anecdotes” with two and strong. A man of convictions, earnest in every “famous lawyers and yarn-spinners of Illinois.” nerve of his being, intensely earnest." “ The criss-crossing went on till midnight, and for a Wallace's early writing of The Fair God” long time it might not be said whether Illinois or under the immediate suggestion of Prescott's Indiana was ahead. There was one of the contestants, Conquest of Mexico," with no thought of however, who arrested my attention early, partly by his printing, and its resurrection and publication stories, partly by his appearance. thick, coarse, and defiant; it stood out in every direc- long afterward, make a good story, but cannot tion. His features were massive, nose long, eyebrows here be retold. One incident, however, con- protrusive, mouth large, cheeks hollow, eyes gray and nected with the book is too amusing to be passed always responsive to the humor. He smiled all the by. A smooth-tongued gentleman, announcing time, but never once did he laugh outright. His hands himself as agent for a well-known New York were large, his arms slender and disproportionately long. His legs were a wonder, particularly when he was in publishing house, approached the young lawyer, narration; he kept crossing and uncrossing them; some engaged him in conversation on literary matters, times it actually seemed he was trying to tie them into incidentally betrayed a wonderful and enviable a bow-knot. His dress was more than plain; no part intimacy with all the foremost writers of the of it fit him. ... About midnight his competitors were disposed to give in; either their stores were exhausted, day, then veered off to the subject of competi- or they were tacitly conceding him the crown. From tion among publishers, indicated the earnest answering them story for story, he gave them two or desire of his house to hunt up and bring forward three to their one. At last he took the floor and held hidden talent, and finally begged to see the un- it. And looking back I am now convinced that he published novel which Mr. Wallace was known frequently invented his replications; which is saying he possessed a marvellous gift of improvisation. Such was to have in his desk. Then followed an exami- Abraham Lincoln." nation of the manuscript, enthusiastic praises of Other reminiscences of Lincoln occur later. It its merits, a promise to recommend it warmly was in one of the debates with Douglas that the for publication, and, last of all, a courteous author first heard him address a large audience. demand of a fee (fifteen dollars) for services After the first ten minutes all inclination to rendered. The fee was cheerfully paid, and the laugh at the orator's grotesque appearance velvet-voiced gentleman departed. One knows vanished. “He was getting hold of me," says not which to admire more, the ingenuity and the writer. “The pleasantry, the sincerity, the skill of the self-styled agent or the frankness of confidence, the amazingly original way of put- his victim in telling the story. The Mexican War, whose outbreak the young ting things, and the simple, unrestrained man- ner withal, were doing their perfect work; and Indiana law-student eagerly awaited, that he then and there I dropped an old theory, that might be among the first volunteers to hasten to be a speaker one must needs be graceful and to the front, he in his sober maturity does not handsome.” More follows, graphically descrip- hesitate to pronounce justifiable. Despite much tive of this memorable debate. inglorious hardship endured by him in a wretch- Mrs. Wallace has inserted a pen-picture, edly unsanitary camp at the mouth of the Rio from an early friend of her husband, of his ap- Grande, where hundreds died of a loathsome pearance at the age of twenty-one. To complete disease, and despite his smallness of opportunity this series of portraits, it may be well to give to smell gunpowder, he unfalteringly declares, this one also. It is from an old letter of Miss “ From that day to this I have never regretted the left behind me as a soldier in Mexico; Mary Clemmer (afterwards the brilliant news- year paper correspondent and author, Mary Clemmer neither have I at any time since been troubled Ames). with a qualm about the propriety even to right- eousness of the war." “He is fashioned of the refined clay of which nature In his detailed account is most sparing, nearly six feet high, perfectly straight, of his Civil War experiences — a military his- with a fine fibred frame all nerve and muscle, and so tory to be placed beside Grant's and Sherman's thin he cannot weigh more than a hundred and thirty and Sheridan's similar reminiscences the pounds. He has profuse black hair, a dark, beautiful face, correct in every line, keen, black eyes deeply set, ably for the first time) of the findings of the author gives a verbatim report (published prob- with a glance that on occasion may cut like fine steel Black beard and mustache conceal the firm mouth and commission that inquired into the conduct of chin. His modest, quiet manner is the only amende that the army under Buell in Kentucky and Ten- can be made for being so handsome. In a crowd any- Wallace, then a Major General, pre- where you would single him out as a king of men. Marked for action rather than words, he is habitually sided at the sessions of this commission. His reticent, yet when the time comes for speech is ready report, forwarded to Washington, was lost or with eloquent words, given with a voice at once sweet stolen ; but luckily he had kept a copy, and this nessee. 36 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL less one. copy is now printed. Its general tenor, as has been subjected to little modification by the ep- long been known, was not favorable to Buell. igones who undertook to re-write and expound The book is excellent reading, especially for the doctrines of the masters. The discussion those fond of military history. Brisk and vivid of most practical problems was equally ready- in style, it has, if one may say so without un made. Only the subject of Protection awakened kindness, the swing and vigor of “a soul con keen controversy, and here the teaching was that fident in itself (almost] to the superlative of of the doctrinaire. The student might choose be- vanity” – as the author writes in description tween the free-trade doctrines of Sumner, Perry, of his young manhood. Even Mrs. Wallace's Even Mrs. Wallace's and Wayland, or the protectionism of Bowen continuation of the narrative is so largely com and Thompson; there was no middle ground. posed of letters and other matter from her Bimetallism received some attention, and Tax- husband's pen - including a reprint from “ The ation was not wholly neglected. The “trust' Youth's Companion ” of “How I Came to Write question had not yet begun to loom big on the Ben-Hur” — that we hardly notice the transi- horizon, trade-unionism was merely noticed as tion. Errors of haste or negligence, including a desperate device of laborers to overthrow the even lapses in grammar, and other more delib laws of God and man, and railway rates and erate faults, can be found by the critical ; but discriminations perplexed the shippers and the their enumeration would be a thankless task, legislators more than they did the economic and, now that the author is no longer living to philosophers. profit by a friendly word of criticism, a motive In 1885 the American Economic Association Let the last word, then, be one of was founded by a small body of young men who praise for this apparently faithful record ; for, had for the most part received their training in as Carlyle has said in words now familiar to Germany, and who on their return to America many, - There is no life of a man, faithfully re placed themselves on record as opposed to the corded, but is a heroic poem of its sort, rhymed traditional methods of teaching Political Econ- or unrhymed." PERCY F. BICKNELL. omy then current in our colleges. It is chiefly the work of these men which has made itself felt in the later-day instruction in economic science. There is no place within the limits of this re- view to discuss the ways in which the work of THE TEACHING OF ELEMENTARY ECONOMICS.* these men has modified the older doctrines and Few fields of college and university activity the teaching of Economics has ceased to be the methods. This much, however, may be said : have had so remarkable a development in Amer- ica during the last two decades as that enjoyed where pursued according to the same methods work of doctrinaires, and is now almost every- by the department of Economics. Although Political Economy had for years prior to 1885 that have proved so fruitful in the domain of the held a place in the curricula of our colleges and physical and natural sciences. universities, it was seldom pursued for more This change in the methods of instruction has met with a hearty response on the part of both than one term, and its teaching usually devolved upon the professor of history, or more likely the general public and the student body. Peo- ple are bound to become interested in a subject upon the president, who in addition to his ad- ministrative duties gave instruction in this sub- which occupies the attention of most men during the majority of their waking hours, and men of ject and in “ Moral Philosophy” to the college affairs welcome an analysis of business relations seniors. Rarely indeed was the institution to be found which had the work in Political Econ- and institutions based upon historical research and statistical observation. There is abundant omy organized as a separate department. The character of the teaching in this subject evidence of the growing confidence which busi- ness men and statesmen feel in the methods was almost, if not quite, as backward as the and conclusions of economic investigators and organization of the work. The subject of Eco- teachers. In all branches of the government nomic Theory was in all essentials the same as service there is a pronounced tendency to utilize it had been left by Ricardo, Mill, and Senior. the services of men trained in the universities to The cost theory of Value, the abstinence theory conduct thorough and elaborate investigations of Interest, the Wage-fund theory, all had into the workings of business institutions; while * PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS, With Special Reference to within the university the latest development of American Conditions. By Edwin R. A, Seligman. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co. the field of Economics is that which has been 1907.7 37 THE DIAL prompted by the demands of the business world, water, and as these theories gradually met with viz., the expansion of the work so as to include acceptance the Walker texts were not easily instruction in accountancy, banking, commercial reconciled with them. Furthermore, there were geography, commercial and industrial organi- many points in Walker's theory of Distribution zation, corporation finance, insurance, transpor - in particular, his residual claimant theory tation, etc., for the purpose of training men for of wages — which, while marking a decided administrative positions in the industrial world. advance over the older theories, proved unsatis- If we consider the fifteen or twenty leading factory to many economists. An English trans- universities in the country where the elective lation of one of the earlier editions of Gide's system has made most headway, we shall find “ Principles of Political Economy" also met that the elections within this department usually much favor for a time, but it too had been writ- equal, if they do not exceed, those of any other ten before its author was thoroughly familiar department. Such an interest in the subject with the marginal-utility theory of Value, and would not appear, were it not for the feeling it represented a very unsatisfactory attempt to that instruction in it is capable of yielding infor- harmonize the utility and cost theories. Pro- mation which has for its possessors great practi- fessor Marshall's weighty treatise on Economics cal importance. was abridged for text-book purposes, but it The expansion of the field of Economics and covered only a part of the field, and proved the change in the mode of treating its subject difficult for many beginners. Professor Ely's matter could not but react upon the pedagogical " Outlines " furnished a clear and concise state- methods of the instructors. For some years after ment of economic principles ; and the same may the revival of interest in the “ dismal science" be said of Professor Bullock's “ Introduction." now no longer dismal - - the method of teach Both of these books were widely used as text- ing was mainly by lectures. This was partly books for some years, and are still in use in due to the fact that the text-books in existence many of the smaller colleges where perhaps only were little more than re-statements of the doc one term's work can be given to the elements of trines of the classical economist; and, as already Economics. In the larger universities, however, stated, these doctrines did not commend them where it is the custom to give four or five hours selves to the younger school. Another consid a week during a semester or even three hours for eration which led to the selection of the lecture an entire year, these books furnished too brief method was the fact that the majority of these an outline of the subject. Hadley's “Econ- younger teachers had been trained in the German omics” served the purpose better, but this universities and were desirous of introducing excellent work possesses some peculiarities of German pedagogical methods into this country. arrangement which have seemed to hinder its Experience showed, however, that the “pouring general adoption. in ” process did not succeed well with the aver Within the last two or three years there have age undergraduate whose mind may be likened appeared four text-books prepared with especial to a sieve rather than to a mould. The weak reference to their use in university classes. A ness of the lecture method became more appar new translation of Professor Gide's book, which ent as the growth of the elective system pro had been largely amplified and given an Ameri- ceeded, and the ambition to increase the number can dress by its translator, Professor Veditz, and the size of the classes led to the gradual and two books written by two of the most bril- admission into the courses in Economics, first liant of our younger economists, Professor of the juniors, then of sophomores, and even in Seager of Columbia and Professor Fetter of some cases of freshmen. The demand for a Cornell, made their appearance about the same suitable text-book which should either displace time. These works were well received and have the formal lecture or supplement this method of been widely adopted in university classes. The instruction made itself felt. The first works last of the four books to leave the publishers is of this character to present modern views were that of Professor Seligman of Columbia Uni- those of the late Francis A. Walker, in many versity. Professor Seligman is the youngest of respects the most original of American econo that group of scholars who, as already men- mists. These text-books of General Walker tioned, introduced the historical method of were well written and were full of suggestion to treatment of Economics into this country, and pupil and teacher. They were produced, how thus began a new epoch in its teaching and ever, before the more recent theories of Value investigation. had made their influence felt on this side of the The value of any text-book will largely de- 38 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL pend upon the teacher who handles it; and for erty and Progress.” As brief statements, these this reason it is impossible to criticise such a chapters are excellently well done ; but in the work in a way which shall do much more than case of most of these subjects it is not possible reflect the personal judgment of the critic. Of in the space allotted to give to the beginner such Professor Seligman's scholarly abilities in this information as will enable him to comprehend line of work there can be no difference of opin- the significance of these institutions or the part ion. He has long ranked as one of the most they play in economic life. The most unfortu- patient investigators and keenest of critics now nate result of their introduction, however, lies engaged in this field of knowledge. Having an in the fact that this necessarily curtails the space easy command of four or five languages, and assigned to the treatment of the unsettled prob- possessing the largest private library in Econ- lems of Economics, and this in turn leads to a omics in the world, Professor Seligman has had rather dogmatic treatment of these problems. splendid opportunities for becoming familiar The discussion of the many vital and difficult with economic literature, and these opportunities questions which, taken together, constitute the have not been neglected. The advantages of so-called “ labor problem " is compressed within his wide reading, probably not equalled by that nineteen pages. This means in the case of many of any other scholar on this side of the Atlantic, of these questions only the barest outline. The are in the present work shared with his readers. subject of Industrial Coöperation, for example, Perhaps the feature which commends it most covers less than a page of the text. Professor strongly to the teacher is the carefully selected Seligman expects very little from this move- and well classified lists of books, periodicals, ment; but whatever one's attitude of mind may and government documents, which serve as an be toward the practical results to be obtained, introduction to the book or appear at the head it is at least desirable that enough space should of the various chapters. Even the man who is be given to the subject to make the student pretty familiar with the literature of the sub- realize the high ideal which Coöperation offers ject will be grateful for this accurate list of as a solution of the labor problem. authorities and for the brief but pointed com The treatment of Credit is too briefly stated ments which accompany many of the titles. to be comprehended by a beginner, while the In the present reviewer's opinion, Professor discussion of Socialism is almost superficial. In Seligman's volume is likely to prove of more some instances, however, this brevity of treat- value to the teacher of Economics than to the ment has proved conducive to lucidity, as, for beginner in the subject for whose benefit pri- example, in the case of the discussion of the rate marily it was written. This is not because of of international exchange. The difficult subject any lack of clearness or other defects of style. of Value, fortunately, commands more space It is due rather to the fact that the author has than is assigned to it in any of the other text- attempted to cover too much ground and to books to which we have referred ; not less than introduce the student to too great a variety of one hundred pages one sixth of the book - subjects. It is true that a complete compre- being taken up with its discussion. Nor is this hension of principles cannot be had without a disproportionate emphasis when one takes into considering all their applications and all the consideration the fundamental character of the institutions to which economic activities have subject and its difficulties for beginners. The given rise. This does not necessitate, however, discussion is not only thorough but clear. Espe- introducing a beginner to a piecemeal consid- cially commendable is the section which deals eration of all these subjects in order to furnish with Social Values. It has been the experience him an opportunity to get a firm grasp of fun of the reviewer that most text-book writers have damental notions. In the present work, besides failed to make clear to the student the distinc- the subjects ordinarily covered in elementary tion between individual and social valuations ; treatises on Economics and formerly arranged or, rather, they do not make clear the fact that under the general headings of Production, Ex an individual's valuation of a commodity is change, and Distribution, we have chapters on completely altered whenever it is possible to “ Economic Law and Method," « The Economic take advantage of other people's valuations of “ The Historical Forms of Business the same commodity. Enterprises," including a discussion of theories One of the striking features of the book is concerning the clan and the family, “ The De- the large place which is given to the influences velopment of Economic Thought," * Private of the physical and historical environment on Property,” « Competition,” “ Freedom,” “ Pov- | the economic activities and theories of a people. Stages,” 1907.] 39 THE DIAL Professor Seligman seems to have been influ- ECHOES OF A FAMOUS LITERARY enced, more than most American economists, by CONFLICT.* the German historical school, though he is no blind follower of that school. As a general rule, In his preface to “ The Text of Shakespeare,” there is no criticism to be passed upon this part Professor Lounsbury virtually admits that the of the book, but in some instances the author title is a misnomer. The volume is primarily seems to have taken an extreme attitude, as a contribution to the literary history of the when he seeks to explain the change from En- eighteenth century, and it will stand in our glish individualism to Australian socialism by libraries among the commentaries on Pope. It mere differences in climate. is a long arraignment, based on the most ample Professor Seligman follows closely the lead evidence, of Pope's mystifications and falsifica- of his colleague, Professor Clark, in his devel- tions of fact, his cowardly fighting from behind opment of the theory of Distribution. Like the masked batteries, his unscrupulous malevolence latter, he seeks to show the universality of the in attack, and his astounding assumption of a law of rent, and the return to each factor in severe and unassailable morality. “ His repu- production is calculated according to the yield but little in his thoughts ; what he desired to be tation as a poet, he asserted, or intimated, was of its final unit employed. While not an un- qualified supporter of a protective tariff, the considered was a man of virtue ” (p. 470). 66 It author attaches more weight to the arguments is my morality only,” he wrote to Aaron Hill, for protection than most economists have done, " that must make me beloved or happy” (ibid.). and he believes that a protective policy has been The occasion for this new exposure of Pope's and still is a wise policy for the United States. “indirect, crook'd ways” is the story of his His defense of what has come to be called the long quarrel with Theobald over the constitu- “ dumping policy” of leading American manu- tion of the text of Shakespeare -- if that can be facturers, whereby a surplus at home is unloaded called a quarrel which consists of unremitting upon the foreign market at lower prices than and malignant depreciation and calumny on the these goods are sold for at home, is very weak. one side, and an almost entire dependence upon 6. It does not follow," he says, 66 that the lower the plain statement of facts on the other. The foreign prices make the domestic price higher decision of Pope's case by his enlightened con- present volume is an attempt to reverse the than it would otherwise be.” But the price is certainly higher when a portion of the supply is temporaries, and by all but experts at the present withdrawn to sell abroad than it would be if it day. The preternatural cleverness of Pope, the were kept at home. It was because the whiskey of his age, the unscrupulous zeal of his disciples, reverence in which he was held as the first poet producers could not prevent over-production during the early '80s that a pool was formed and the tendency of an uncritical public to for the purpose of selling the surplus abroad in accept as true whatever is repeated with suffi- order to maintain prices at home. cient frequency and emphasis, all contributed to Always careful to avoid the criticism of being bring about a miscarriage of justice. In the a blind partisan, Professor Seligman does not minds of any intelligent and attentive jury, hesitate to declare his position in regard to the Professor Lounsbury, though he declares that perplexing problems of the present. His own he does not hold a brief for Theobald, must be treatment of these problems throughout the considered to have secured a judgment for him, present work well illustrates the attitude of though at the eleventh hour. mind which on the closing page of his book he The book has, therefore, the additional merit urges the student of Economics to take. “ The of being an attack upon what its author calls, economic student, if he is worthy of his calling, fancies and prejudices and traditional beliefs not unjustly, “ that collection of notions and will proceed without fear or favor ; he will be which we dub with the title of literary criticism tabooed as a socialist by some, as a minion of capital by others, as a dreamer by more. But (p. 485). For it is undoubtedly true that the if he preserves his clearness of vision, his open- current opinion of Theobald, so far as his name is known at all, is the one of Pope's creating. ness of mind, his devotion to truth, and his sanity of judgment, the deference paid to his Many of his admirable emendations and inter- views, which is even now beginning to be appar- pretations of the text of Shakespeare have been ent, will become more and more pronounced.” * THE TEXT OF SHAKESPEARE. Its History from the Publica- tion of the Quartos and Folios down to and including the Pub- M. B. HAMMOND. lication of the Edition of Pope and Theobald. By Thomas R. Lounsbury, L.H.D. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 40 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL appropriated by editors who have depreciated all the errors of succeeding editions take rise" the man whom they plundered. His own scru- (p. 82). He ignored or suppressed variants, pulosity in giving full credit to anyone from he made silent emendations, he neglected to ex- whom he took a suggestion has been so effectu- plain difficulties in the text, or explained them ally used against him that, as Professor Louns- wrongly. His chief contributions of value were bury wittily puts it, “ anyone who familiarizes certain verbal re-arrangements in the interest of himself with the practice he pursued, and the metre, the addition to the Folio text of many treatment which he received as a consequence of lines taken from the quartos, and the elimina- it, will become thoroughly disabused of any tion from the canon of six non-Shakespearean belief in the truth of the maxim that honesty is plays that had been included in the Third Folio. the best policy” (p. 539). The authoritative Even the much-lauded poetical taste displayed edition of Pope's works by Elwyn and Court- by Pope as an editor, in which, despite his de- hope says of Theobald : “ He was pedantic, fects, he was and still is regarded as supreme, poor, and somewhat malignant. He had at did not prevent him from suspecting that “The tempted with equal ill-success original poetry, Winter's Tale” and “Love's Labour's Lost" translation, and play-writing ; and had indeed were not wholly Shakespeare's work. Theo- no disqualification for the throne of Dulness bald's “ Shakespeare Restored : or, a Specimen except his insignificance” (vol. iv., p. 27). Yet of the many Errors, as well committed, as un- Professor Lounsbury makes it clear that Theo- amended, by Mr. Pope in his late Edition of bald was no pedant, unless exact and extensive this Poet," etc., which appeared in 1726, was scholarship be pedantry, that he was not poor, not, therefore, an impertinence. Moreover, says and that his “malignancy,” when compared with Professor Lounsbury,“ his treatise surpasses in Pope's, strangely resembles generosity; that his interest and importance any single one of its poetic gift was regarded as sufficient to entitle numerous successors ” (p. 155). It abounds in him to be considered for the laureateship, and felicitous and what now seem inevitable emen- that a play, written when he was twenty, was dations, among them the famous “ a babled of performed by the two principal tragedians of green fields ”; and these emendations are not the the time; and finally, that he was as little en result of mere conjecture but are supported by titled to the “ bad eminence" to which Pope parallels drawn from other plays. “In short," raised him in the original Dunciad as the great as Professor Lounsbury says, “ his method was Bentley himself. Theobald's “childlike confi- the method of a scholar, and wherever he erred dence in the fairness of future generations," it was the error of a scholar, and not of a hap- says Professor Lounsbury," was never born of hazard guesser” (p. 160). But one serious error insight” (p. 537), nor was his understanding he made from which scholarship could not save of human nature very acute when he wrote him, — of which, indeed, scholarship was the of his corrections of Pope's text : “ Wherever direct cause, he proved himself to be, as an I have the luck to be right in any observa- editor of Shakespeare, the manifest superior tion, I flatter myself Mr. Pope himself will of the leading poet of the age. This would be pleased that Shakespeare receives some probably have been sufficient to gain Pope's benefit” (p. 191). But Mr. Pope was not enmity, which was never merely passive ; but it pleased. Instead, he prefixed, apparently for must be granted that Theobald was not inclined all time, the epithet “piddling” to Theobald's to depreciate or conceal his superiority to the poet in this particular,—a failure, as the sequel The story of the quarrel is so interesting an proved, not more in civility than in discretion. illustration of the amenities of literature " that For, in 1728, he found himself elevated by the a brief summary of Professor Lounsbury's am Dunciad to the very throne of Dulness. He was ple treatment may perhaps be welcome. In dethroned, to be sure, by the edition of 1743, in 1725 appeared Pope's long-heralded edition of favor of Colley Cibber, but this was too late Shakespeare, about which, as Professor Louns for his fame. Thanks to Pope's diligence and bury remarks, “everything was excellent but influence, most of the men whom he stigmatized the editing ” (p. 82). Despite his professions, as dunces are to-day regarded as deserving the Pope had entirely failed to perform the plain title, and Theobald is no exception to this rule. duties of an editor. He had made no careful Nevertheless, it should be remembered that, in collation of the original texts, and indeed had Pope's mind, Bentley too was a dunce, and so little perception of the value of the First Theobald may well have felt consolation, if not Folio as to write, “ It is from it that almost | pride, in being pilloried with that great scholar. name. 1907.] 41 THE DIAL - - In 1734, he made a reply to Pope's charges that material wants that somehow must be satisfied. all competent judges must deem sufficient : he The city that first acquainted western Europe brought out his own edition of the works of with the treasures of Greek learning was the Shakespeare, which, for correctness of method city that coined the florin. In commerce and and felicity of emendation and explanation, was industry, as well as in matters of culture, Flor- as superior to Pope's as to most of its successors. ence was for several centuries one of the leading Some of Professor Lounsbury's most interesting centres of Europe. and valuable pages are devoted to illustrations The material side of Tuscan history has been of these excellences. The attacks upon Theo made the subject of an extended study by Mr. bald were not, however, on this account remitted, Edgcumbe Staley, an enthusiastic student of but continued in the pages of “ The Grub Street the Florentine past. Mr. Staley's investigations Journal,” which "owed its conception and crea make a volume of about six hundred pages ; it tion ... mainly to Pope.” (p. 385). is provided with a large number of splendid Such, in brief, is the history of the great illustrations, nearly all of which are reproduc- “Shakespearean War” of the eighteenth cen tions of miniatures and are consequently of tury, the outcome of which was far enough from great historic value ; it also contains several being a “ Judgment of God.” " The fate of excellent photographs of buildings and other his- Theobald,” concludes Professor Lounsbury, “is toric survivals. The author groups his sources likely to remain for all time a striking instance under four heads : manuscripts, printed matter, in the annals of literary history, of how suc letters from authorities and friends, and per- cessfully, to use the words of the author he did sonal knowledge of the city and its people. The so much to illustrate, malice can bear down work is, however, to some extent a compilation truth” (p. 567). merely, as the author, instead of making a per- In style, this volume is delightfully clear and sonal examination of the manuscript sources, entertaining, despite some rather painful lon seems to have depended largely on the conclu- gueurs. Professor Lounsbury wears his learn- sions of earlier students. ing lightly, and the reader, therefore, feels no There can be no doubt that the intention of burden. It is full of the personal touches, the publishers was to produce a popular history keenly or blandly satirical, which his readers rather than a strictly scientific work. The always expect, and in which no American lit. author's intentions are not so clear, though the erary scholar surpasses him. His luminous and volume closely resembles the popular type in personal style should be an example to all who many respects. It is not provided It is not provided with notes practice the difficult art of criticism. of any sort, and the literary style is too exu- CHARLES H. A. WAGER. berant to be that of an historian writing pri- marily for students. In his opening paragraphs the author speaks of the three young sisters that were fostered in the vale of Arno, Art, Science, and Literature, and continues as THE TRADE ORGANIZATIONS OF follows : MEDIEVAL ITALY.* “No question ever arose as to whose was the subtlest To the general reader of history, mediæval witchery, but each developed charms, distinct and rare, Florence is the city of Dante and Petrarch, the yet not outrivalling one the other. With harmonious home of the Renaissance, the birthplace of mod voices blended, and ambrosial tresses mingled, the three ern culture. Early Florentine history is to him interlaced their comely arms, and tossing with shapely a long and important chapter in the story of feet the flowing draperies of golden tissue, which softly veiled the perfect contours of their beauteous forms, European civilization ; from the city on the they gaily danced along. Their enchanting rhythm was Arno the popular imagination views at the same the music of the new civilization :- it we know - and time the splendors of the Athenian past and the them — but what of their origin? whence came they? still grander accomplishments of our own age. and who were their forebears ?" While it is true that the achievements of Flor- It would only be doing justice to the author ence in the field of intellect constitute her chief to say, however, that rhetorical outbursts like glory, still her history is not wholly concerned the one quoted are not general throughout the with letters and art. Even genius has certain volume. volume. The spirit of the writer seems in the main to be that of the true historian : he quotes By Edgcumbe Staley. trated. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co. freely from his sources, and at least aims to be * THE GUILDS OF FLORENCE. Illus- 42 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL accurate in his statement of facts. To such an poration of judges and notaries ; next in impor- extent has he filled the work with details of tance were the dealers in foreign cloth and the all possible sorts, with dates and statistics, with merchants engaged in the wool trade ; important Italian words and phrases, with allusions to also was the guild of bankers and the dealers laws and constitutional changes, with lists of in silk; the guilds of doctors and apothecaries merchants and bankers, and with other data and of furriers and skinners held a somewhat both historic and scientific, that the reading of lower place, but were still counted among the even these beautifully printed pages after a seven. In each case the author tries to famil- time becomes somewhat tedious. The author iarize us not only with the history of the guild, has presented too much of his materials in an but with its work as an organization, with its undigested form : as a popular historian, he opportunities and its limitations, with its meth- has not been entirely successful. ods and its importance at home and abroad. The author introduces his subject in two We are told how cloth was woven and silk was chapters of a general nature in which he dis- dyed ; how furs were prepared and drugs were cusses the extent of Florentine commerce and mixed ; how banks were conducted and lawyers the methods of the mediæval merchant. In the were trained. The reader is taken into the first he sketches the rise of Florence from com-courts, the counting-house, the apothecary shop, parative obscurity in the days of Charlemagne the market, and the factory, and in each par- to the high place that she held seven centuries ticular place the work is inspected with consid- later. “ From the twelfth to the sixteenth cen- erable care. turies Florence easily held the first place in the Two chapters are devoted to the five inter- life and work of the known world : she was in mediate guilds : those of the butchers, the black- fact Athens and Rome combined.” This pre-smiths, the shoemakers, the masters of stone eminence is ascribed to “accidents of climate, and wood, and the retail cloth-dealers. Three geographical position, and peculiarities of race.” chapters are given to the nine minor trades. The “The cumulative energies of the Florentines same style of treatment is employed throughout, had their focus in the corporate life of the trade though naturally the lesser trades, which were associations, and in no other community was the of local importance only, are not discussed so guild system so thoroughly developed as it was fully as the greater guilds, whose agents and in Florence.” The general history of this sys- representatives were found in every commercial tem is the principal theme of the second chapter. centre in the known world. As to the origin of the guilds, the author be It is not likely that very many readers will lieves they have been “rightly traced to the be able to plough through all of the twenty corporations of merchants and artisans which chapters of “ The Guilds of Florence.” Too existed in Rome under Numa Pompilius.” Ap- much technical matter has been inserted, and parently Mr. Staley has no doubts as to the the details are often uninteresting and unim- existence of that venerable monarch, or the portant; at least they will seem so to all who credibility of the early traditional accounts of have not made a closer study of the Renaissance him. These corporations were revived in the period. But no one with any interest in the Lombard region in 825, although more than general subject can afford to miss the last hun- two centuries passed before they secured a firm dred pages of the book, in which the author footing in Florence. As the years went by and treats such matters as the market, the streets, the guilds grew in importance they developed an the squares, and the bridges; the religion, the elaborate constitution, or rather a type of guild patronage, and the charity of the guilds; and government, as the various corporations had the wealth and power of the great Tuscan city. their own constitutional peculiarities; of these In these pages, as well as elsewhere in the work, matters the author gives us a fairly clear state the reader is given a close view of Florentine ment. In the same connection he also discusses life, and he cannot fail to understand the later the authority exercised by the guild officials in middle ages better from having read them. No the general government of the city. doubt the author's enthusiasm has led him at In the course of time the trade organizations times to employ strong and vivid colors ; but of Florence came to be grouped into seven the Florentine student can hardly avoid being greater, five intermediate, and nine minor guilds. enthusiastic, and the world understands and To each of the seven greater guilds the author judges accordingly. devotes a chapter. First in rank was the cor- LAURENCE M. LARSON. 1907.] 43 THE DIAL - -- --- JOURNEYINGS IN COVETED LANDS.* games, sports, sacred theatrical performances, and have an inordinate love of jewelry. There are but Amidst the almost numberless books of travel, few children and few old people among them, the there are some of the better sort that rise above the rigorous climate permitting only the survival of the mere interest of commonplace descriptions and the strongest. The greatest interest that Colonel Wad- ordinary experiences of the traveller. They awaken dell found in this city of the Great Buddha was in us a lively sense of the untried and the unknown; connected with the religious rites and ceremonies of they quicken our minds and arouse our emotions by the monks and the explorations among the scrupu- the evidences of energy, self-reliance, foresight and lously guarded secret places of the great palace. heroism which they display. As long as there Here the author is most impressive, and does much remains an unexplored foot of ground, or an uncon toward lifting the veil that has so long hung over quered race, so long will mankind feel an absorbing the mysteries of Lhasa. interest in books which depict vividly man's con The connection between the book just noticed and quests over man as well as over the obstacles of the one entitled “Western Tibet and the British nature. The books in our present group, dealing Borderland,” by Mr. Charles A. Sherring, is more with exploration and travel in little known or mys intimate than at first appears. That the treaty of terious regions of the Far East and the Near East, Lhasa, consummated by the Younghusband mission, satisfy this higher interest, and present many engag marked a new era in the political and commercial ing racial, religious, and political problems for our relations between Tibet and India is evident from consideration. the cordiality and friendship extended by the native Lieutenant - Colonel Waddell's volume entitled officials of Western Tibet, or Nari, toward the mem- “Lhasa and Its Mysteries” tells the story of the bers of Mr. Sherring's mission. This mission, which Younghusband Mission, in 1903-04, to Lhasa, the was sent into Nari for the purpose of inquiring into sacred city of the Tibetans. In a graphic and lucid the commercial possibilities of that little-known style it portrays the strange life and strange religion country, met with a friendliness hitherto unknown. of a people who have been but recently introduced Its connection with the mission described in Colonel to the world. Colonel Waddell's account of his first Waddell's book is thus explained by Mr. Sherring : sight of this wonderful place is a good example of “ These officials of “The Forbidden Land' were at first a the impressionistic method of travel-writing. little anxious to cast a veil of mystery over things generally, “ The first glimpse of the sacred metropolis is dramatic and especially over all matters religious; and it was not for in its suddenness. As if to screen the holy capital from view us to intrude where we were not wanted. But when the until the last moment, Nature has interposed a long curtain Jongpen came to our camp another day I took Waddell's of rock which stretches across between the two bold guardian Lhasa and Its Mysteries' and systematically took him hills of Potala and the Iron Mountain. . . . The vista which through all the photos, pictures of persons, officials, temples, then flashes ap before the eyes is a vast and entrancing and all the most sacred spots, and the most private details of panorama. On the left is the front view of the Dalai Lama's the highest functionaries. ... When he had seen pictures palace, which faces the east, and is now seen to be a mass of of all that used to be so secret and mysterious in Lhasa, lofty buildings covering the hillside - here about 300 feet there was, in the words of Holy Scriptures, “no spirit left high — from top to bottom with its terraces of many-storied in him.' and many-windowed houses and buttressed masonry, battle- Mr. Sherring asserts that “the concessions that ments, and retaining walls, many of them 60 feet high, and forming a gigantic building of stately architectural propor- have been obtained by the treaty at Lhasa in regard tions on the most picturesque of craggy sites. The central to Gartok (the capital of Western Tibet] are of cluster of buildings, crowning the summit and resplendent greater importance to the native subjects of His with its five golden pavilions on its roof, was of a dull crim- Majesty than the whole of the concessions in son, that gives it the name of the 'Red Palace,' whilst those on the other flank were of dazzling white; and the great Eastern Tibet. By far the larger part of the popu- stairway on each side, leading down to the chief entrance and lation of India is composed of Hindus, who are not gardens below, zig-zagging outwards to enclose a diamond traders or miners, to whom wool and borax do not shaped design, recalled a similar one at the summer palace appeal. .. But the Hindu is first and foremost of Peking. A mysterious effect was given to the central portion of the building by long curtains of dark purple yak- a devotee, and to him the claims of this religion hair cloth which draped the verandahs, to protect the frescoes incomparably outweigh all else that is secular." from the rain and sun, but which seemed to muffle the rooms Hence this treaty, which permits free ingress into in scenery." Tibet, invites the Hindu to make pilgrimages to Of the thirty thousand people living in the vicinity holy Kailas and to other equally sacred shrines in of this splendor, two-thirds are monks. Although Although Western Tibet. Out of these pilgrimages may come, in a state of miserable poverty and isolation, they so thinks the author, an increase in commerce. But have much of the human in them; they are given to if Mr. Sherring's own descriptions of Western Tibet * LHASA AND ITS MYSTERIES. By Lieut.-Col. L. Austine are to be taken as evidence, it will be a long time Waddell. Illustrated. Third and cheaper edition. New York: before that country will be productive enough to E. P. Dutton & Co. WESTERN TIBET AND THE BRITISH BORDERLAND. By George repay commercial encouragement. Surrounded by A. Sherring. Illustrated. New York: Longmans, Green & Co. rugged mountains, with a scanty population living TIBET THE MYSTERIOUS. By Col. Sir Thomas H. Holdich. on the wide wind-swept and waterless plateaux, and Mustrated. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co. PICTURES FROM THE BALKANS. with an extreme elevation, Western Tibet offers lit- By John Foster Fraser. Illustrated. New York: Cassell & Co. tle inducement to the trader. There is, to be sure, 44 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL gold in the mountains, but the physical difficulties holds forth the tantalizing bait of the great wealth are too great to mine it with profit. For these rea of gold which lies so near the surface in many parts sons it will probably remain, for a long time at least, of Tibet. We note an easily corrected error on page only a dwelling-place of the Hindu gods. The best 102, where the author says that Bogle's Mission parts of Mr. Sherring's volume are the chapters returned from Tibet in 1874, the correct date devoted to the legends and myths of the natives, being 1784. He evidently accepts the story that especially the Bhotia tribes of the frontier, and to Moorcroft reached Lhasa and lived there for some the quaint customs and manners of the British time before his death in the first quarter of the last Borderland. Here Mr. Sherring, who has for some century; but it should be remembered that the story years been Deputy Commissioner of Almora, is is founded on circumstantial evidence. His assertion more at home than he is at Tibet, and he knows his that “the Tibetan men and women never wash their subject so thoroughly that he writes with more faces” is contradicted by Colonel Waddell, who tells fulness and freedom than when discussing the pos- about a Saturnalian feast where the women washed sibilities of Nari. Dr. T. G. Longstaff, who accom their faces, revealing their rosy cheeks. These minor panied the author on his journey, contributes an errors, however, detract but little from the otherwise account of a week's climb on Gurla Mandhata, the scholarly work of the author, which will be held in highest mountain in Western Tibet. Like nearly high esteem as a general reference-book for the his- all recent books on Tibet, this volume is exceedingly tory of exploration and travel in Tibet. attractive in its make-up: there is an abundance of One need not go to the Far East, however, to good pictures and excellent maps -- features that find the spirit of mystery. The Near East — in the no doubt suggest the importance of Tibet to stay-at Balkans — presents a politico-religious problem as home Britishers. difficult as may be found anywhere in the world. The literature of Tibet has grown to large pro Mr. John Foster Fraser, an English newspaper cor- portions in the past few years, and the imme- respondent, is one of the most recent travellers in diate interest in the Tibetan situation is sufficiently that section of Europe, and his book entitled “Pic- acute to demand a handbook which will serve both tures from the Balkans” intensifies the general opin- as an introduction to and a summary of the various ion that some sort of interference must be brought expeditions and travels, and of the geographical about to stop Turkish misgovernment on the one and political features of that well-nigh impregnable hand and the internal dissension of the Balkan land. Such a book is “Tibet the Mysterious,” by States on the other. Mr. Fraser went through the Colonel Sir Thomas H. Holdich. Colonel Holdich, country, from Belgrade to Sofia, to Plevna, Tirnova, although not an explorer or traveller in Tibet, has Philippolis, to Adrianople, thence southward through made an exhaustive investigation of all the litera the ill-defined boundaries of Macedonia to Salonika, ture relating to that country, and has summarized to Monastir, Ochrida, Elbasan, and Berat, and then his studies in an accurate and systematic manner. northward to Uskup, and departed from the Balkans For those who wish to plunge in medias res con on the line he had entered. Montenegro was not cerning Tibet, his book will be most acceptable. visited. The keynote to the book is struck in the The book opens with a description of the geo-opening paragraph : graphical situation of Tibet. With the excellent “Riding in Macedonia, I passed the village of Orovsji. map of the country before him, the reader can The inhabitants had just buried seven Bulgarians and four readily understand the various routes which open Turkish soldiers who had killed each other the previous day. Otherwise all was quiet." the way to the “roof of the world.” By far the Near the close of the book we read : most interesting and valuable part of the book is the “Everybody is jolly. Murder is so commonplace that it summary of the classics of Tibetan adventure and arouses no shudder. In the night is the little bark of a exploration. All these expeditions – from the time pistol, a shriek, a clatter of feet. Hello! somebody killed !' of the earliest Mongolian invasion, the eighteenth That is all." century explorations by the monks, the mission of These truly picaresque descriptions are indicative the Englishman Bogle, Thomas Manning's visit to of Mr. Fraser's style and tone. But in describing Tibet and Lhasa, Moorcroft's mysterious attempt, a land where democracy and aristocracy are in a Huc and Gabet's journey, and the more modern at- death-grapple, where religion and bloodshed are tempts of Rockhill, Prjevalski, Needham, Chandra synonymous terms, where “natives occasionally die Das, Wellby, Bower, Littledale, Bonvalot, Sven from disease, but generally from differences of Hedin, Ryder, Rawling, and Younghusband — are opinion," and where the Powers are playing the part chronologically described and amply examined for of hungry vultures waiting for the time of feasting, historical, geographical, political, and ethnological it is permissible for an author to be picturesque, data. With Lhasa itself, however, the book has cynical, and pessimistic, — especially if he be a little to do. “It is intended to illustrate to some European. When the real struggle comes in the extent the sequence of exploration in that great Balkans, it will be precipitated, asserts Mr. Fraser, wilderness of stony and in hospitable altitudes which by the dour, sullen, stolid, unimaginative, unsenti- lie far beyond Lhasa.” While Colonel Holdich mental, but hard-working, plodding, and ambitious does not pose as a commercial prophet, he too, in Bulgarians, who, he thinks, will prevail in the con- agreement with Messrs. Waddell and Sherring, test. But when Bulgaria acquires the fruits of her 1907.] 45 THE DIAL --- -- con- not go energy and victory over Turkey, then will come the can we have any knowledge of what is best without tug of war among the European Powers; for neither first possessing the norms? Again, we are told that Austria nor Russia nor Germany, nor perhaps Italy, universal validity is not one of the inalienable char- will acquiesce in the creation of another Power in acteristics of science (page 9). On the contrary, the Near East. And when this political Ragnarok universal validity is just the one characteristic that is fought out to the bitter end, says Mr. Fraser, marks the truth for which science strives ; whereas, Germany, in the event of the defeat of Turkey, as Dr. Horne agrees, the knowledge at which edu- expects to be the Power that will subjugate the cation aims is relative and changing The fact that rivals. On the other hand, if Turkish arms should both science and the arts must be always content prevail, Germany will demand as her price for aid with approximations does not affect the fundamental ing Turkey, first concessions, then protectorates, difference in their ideals. The definition of “ then possessions. The only glimmer of hope for the cept” in Chapter XII. wavers perceptibly. First Balkan States lies in the great dream of perfection we read, " Conception is the knowledge of general a Balkan Confederation with the Turks a party objects ” (page 155); on the next page, “We can to the confederation. Mr. Fraser's pictures of the now have a concept of the John Smith we perceived Balkans are in oscuro so much so that two of the on the street." What we have in this case is of illustrations which reveal horrible scenes are printed course a memory image, - or, in the better and more on leaves provided with perforations, that they may recent phrase, a centrally excited perception. The be easily torn from the book by squeamish readers. real strength of Dr. Horne’s book is found in its Mr. Fraser adds nothing particularly new to our treatment of emotional, moral, and religious educa- knowledge of affairs in the Balkans, and for this tion; these vital subjects are handled with breadth, reason we wish he had given us more chapters simi- warmth, and frankness, and with an unusually full lar to his pleasing and diverting ones entitled “The comprehension of their supreme importance. Par- Rose Garden of Europe” (meaning thereby the rose ticularly refreshing is the emphasis laid upon æsthetic plantations near Kasanlik) and “ His Majesty's culture, in Chapter XX.; the author reproves our Representative," a description of a British consulate neglect, in these industrial days, of the education of in the Balkans. H. E. COBLENTZ. those powers of higher appreciation which the Greeks so well knew how to value and to nourish. Our only disagreement with the author would be that he does far enough, either in the scope of the field or in BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. the appraisal of its value for economic, social, and eth- Professor Horne's new book on “The ical development. But he has taken a commendable Education, is it a science step in the right direction. The style of the book Psychological Principles of Educa- tion” (Macmillan) contains much is clear, simple, straightforward; we have not found an obscure or ambiguous sentence. But why should that is of uncommon value and significance. It is unfortunate that the first part of the book consists any educated man, even an American, say mad of a discussion of the somewhat worn question, “ Is when he means angry (pages 220 and 224). there a Science of Education?” and adds nothing Mr. Frank Preston Stearns's “Life Aftermath of of importance to the debate, falling into the common and Genius of Nathaniel Hawthorne” error of confusing the question of the existence or centenary. (Lippincott) has somewhat the air possibility of scientific study of education with that of a belated contribution to the Hawthorne centen- of the existence of a science of education. The nial literature. Perhaps its length and its fulness existence of a science of education does not depend of detail may partly explain its tardiness. The lack upon the methods of educational study, but upon of critical comment in previous lives of Hawthorne question whether education constitutes an independ- is given as the raison d'être of this additional bio- ent and intrinsically unitary body of knowledge graphy. Messrs. Lathrop, Julian Hawthorne, and such as to form the groundwork of a science. We Conway are, however, the only biographers men- believe this question must be answered in the nega tioned; while Mr. Henry James, whose work, con- tive; nor is the dignity and importance of education tributed to the “English Men of Letters” series, is one whit lessened by such a conclusion, indeed, of the very essence of literary criticism, and Pro- its place is rather elevated by the belief that it is fessor Woodberry, whose study of Hawthorne in not a science, but a great life-art, ministered to by the “ American Men of Letters” series is nothing a circle of auxiliary sciences. The very question if not scholarly and critical, are wholly overlooked. with which Professor Horne's discussion opens is Mr. Stearns's book contains much interesting mat- damaging evidence: “Is there a science of educat ter, and shows marks of faithful and loving labor; ing?” (page 3). If so, why not a science of box its citations and references and illustrations are ing, or any other indubitable art? The conception varied and sometimes illuminating; but its style is of normative science falls into confusion in that the rambling and diffuse — a fault not offset by any normative is declared to be based upon the descrip- keenness of criticism in the chapters devoted to what tive. “ The best in the descriptive,” we read, “is he proclaims as the distinctive feature of his work. the basis for the normative” (page 17). But how Little less than wanton are such divagations as that or an art ? 99 the Hawthorne the 46 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL on the London fog, which, we are gravely informed, work. It fills over 1600 pages, indexes 1181 titles “is composed of soft-coal smoke, which, ascending and 6216 volumes, and tells the inquirer where to from innumerable chimneys, is filtered in the upper find about 120,000 portraits of about 40,000 people. skies, and then, mixed with vapor, is cast back upon Both of the works which we have here described are the city by every change of wind. It is not unpleasant withdrawn from free distribution, but may be pur- to the taste, and seems to be rather healthful than chased at nominal prices from the Superintendent otherwise." He suggests that Hester Prynne may of Documents. They will prove a boon to workers have been modelled after the author's younger sis- of many kinds. ter, and compares (not explicitly but by tentative Sketches from Mr. G. W. E. Russell's pen-portraits suggestion) Hester's position with that of George the note-book of of a great variety of social types are Eliot in her relations with Lewes - which at least a journalist. reprinted in a handy and attractive has the merit of startling novelty. • Fannie Kem volume with the title “Social Silhouettes" (Dutton), ble, as she was universally called," looks a bit strange which well fits the unelaborate form of the sketches. in that spelling. In her the author thinks he dis- The chapters average but seven pages in length, covers Hawthorne's " antipodes.” Horatio Bridge's and the method of treatment, as well as the space offer to guarantee the publisher against loss on a devoted to each type, is nearly uniform. A rapid volume of Hawthorne's short stories is called a backward glance, with references to and brief quo- "proposition.” Why will educated writers and tations from standard authors, especially Dickens, speakers persist in making this word do double Thackeray, and Matthew Arnold, is followed by duty, to the neglect of “proposal,” which we cannot more immediate and personal observations and illus- afford to lose? The portraits and other illustrations trations — the whole executed in a brisk, chatty, in this volume constitute its not least valuable feature. effective style that shows the facility engendered of long practice. Besides being an able journalist, the The Librarian of Congress is to be Good work by author is something of a reformer, and confesses the Library congratulated upon the recent mani- that he has pleaded with equal passion for all (or of Congress. festations of publishing enterprise on nearly all) the Fads." Thus we find him deploring the part of the institution which does its work under the unequal lot of the servants of the Church : his efficient administration. We have been com- “Such are the conditions of life in the ministry of menting, from time to time, upon the journals of the a Church which enjoys a secured and acknowledged Continental Congress, as the volumes of that note- income of nearly six millions, and of which the chief worthy undertaking have come to us from the pastor has £15,000 a year, the finest house in Lon- Government Printing Office; and we now have don, and an agreeable residence at Canterbury." In much satisfaction in calling attention to another work of similar character and almost equal impor- than "The Gossip” as heading to his 38th chapter, justifying his choice of “The Quidnunc" rather tance. This is nothing less than the full text of the the author incidentally remarks: “Shakespeare, as manuscript called the “Court Book,” which contains far as I remember, recognizes no male gossips." the records of the Virginia Company of London The captious critic might reply by citing Helena's from 1619 to 1624. This many nuscript was pur- speech in “All 's Well,"i. 1, where Cupid is spoken of chased, in the latter part of the seventeenth century, as gossipping; also the Duke's speech in “Comedy by Colonel William Byrd, from the estate of the of Errors,” v. 1, “With all my heart I 'll gossip at Duke of Southampton, to whom it had come by this feast "; and again (a not very apt illustration inheritance from the Earl of Southampton, whom from a doubtful play) King Henry's words to his we all know as Shakespeare's friend and patron. courtiers in “Henry VIII.,” v. 4, “My noble gos- Colonel Byrd's descendants owned it for about a sips, ye have been too prodigal.”. The skilful coining century, and then it came into the possession of of needed words is often pardonable, but “ hubristic” Thomas Jefferson, the Library of Congress buying seems superfluous; and moreover, being evidently it after his death. It is a work of fundamental im- from the same Greek word that gives us “hybrid,” portance to the student of American history, and its it should, consistently, be " hybristic.” present publication has the special timeliness of just preceding the tercentenary of the first settlement Good wine needs no bush and a great A sensible made by the Virginia Company. The editorial work appreciation poet no interpreter --- provided you of this publication has been done by Miss Susan of Chaucer. are no stranger to the wine or the Myra Kingsbury, under the general supervision of poet. But as there is always a first time when the Professor Herbert L. Osgood. Miss Kingsbury pro- coming connoisseur of both wine and poetry needs vides a historical and bibliographical introduction direction, there are bushes over wine-shops and of over two hundred pages. There are two large “interpretations and appreciations” in the book- qnarto volumes, handsomely printed on special paper shops. Of the latter, one of the most satisfactory of with broad margins. Another important publication recent publications is Mr. Root's “ The Poetry of from the same source is the “ Portrait Index” upon Chaucer" (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.). This inter- which the American Library Association has been esting study avoids both the iridescent foam of engaged for some ten years. A few figures will clever but shallow appreciation and the dead calm give an idea of the comprehensiveness of this of unanimated learning. It devotes just so much .. .. 1907.] 47 THE DIAL even take issue with the Wordsworthians for Chaucer's Th attention to the demands of pure scholarship in Beginning of A fow years ago Professor Charles matters of form, dates, sources, etc., as is necessary a history of Seignobos, the well-known French to make clear the nature of Chaucer's development. Civilization. historian, published a three-volume Disputed questions are touched upon briefly or rele- History of Civilization designed for use in secondary gated to the footnotes, but not without a succinct schools. The work was popular from the beginning, statement of the author's position. Each poem is and soon became widely used. Not long ago the taken up separately, single chapters being given to Messrs. Scribner announced an English version of “ The Romaunt of the Rose,” “ Troilus and Cris this history, the translation to be the work of Pro- eyde," "The House of Fame,” and “The Legend fessor A. H. Wilde. The first volume of the series of Good Women,” and four — nearly half the book has appeared. It is a plain straightforward account to “The Canterbury Tales.” In his treatment of of civilized life in the Orient, Greece, and Rome, Chaucer's literary art, Mr. Root is eminently suc one that is easily within the intellectual range of the cessful; throughout he is sane and impartial. Not average high school pupil. The translation seems all that Chaucer did is on that account good, not to have been carefully made, and the editor's notes, some of the things for which the ungodly though not numerous, are of distinct value. Never- praise him. Our author has high ideals for art, and theless the book is something of a disappointment. not even Chaucer may violate them with impunity. In his effort to cover the entire field the author has It is with peculiar affection that Mr. Root regards naturally been compelled to include a great deal his author, and we are not surprised that he should that is already found in the high-school text-book. The advanced student will probably not find very right to the third place after the matchless two, much material that is new to him, at least not so Shakespeare and Milton. It is because Chaucer much as a book designed for supplementary reading grips our affections that we give him this place, so ought to contain. It may be that in France the much more of our own human nature has he than makers of text-books content themselves with giving the rapt and solitary Wordsworth. an account of political matters only; and in such a case this work would be found very satisfactory. A streak of the preacher, the ser But our own authors are more ambitious, and insist So saith the Preacher. monizer, runs through us all, and on making the growth of culture a prominent part most of us dearly love to hold forth of their manuals. Their discussions need to be sup- in an edifying strain if we can only capture an plemented with more detailed accounts of the more audience, or even a single auditor, to listen. To important topics and periods, rather than with a this rule Dr. Robertson Nicoll, the accomplished general survey. editor of the London “ Bookman,” is no exception; The short life of Thomas Hill Green, Memoir of a but his congregation is made up of willing hearers. philosopher written by his pupil and friend the His late collection of essays, or sermonettes, or edi. and historian. late R. L. Nettleship, and prefixed to torial homilies, whichever one chooses to call them, the third volume of Green's works published twenty has the oddly alluring title, “ The Key of the Blue years ago, is now issued in separate form by Messrs. Closet” (Dodd), and is composed, at least in part, Longmans, Green, & Co. with a brief preface by of reprinted pieces, as readable as they are brief. Mrs. Green. As a thinker who reconciled philosophy The chapter that gives the book its title is the third, with religion on the one hand and with practical poli- which opens with a reference to "The Mill on tics on the other, the distinguished professor of moral the Floss – to Mrs. Pullet's apprehension lest her philosophy and author of “ Prolegomena to Ethics” husband should fail to find the key of the Blue and other writings is an interesting figure to readers Closet after her death. “The Blue Closet" seems of serious and speculative turn, and they will wel- to mean, in Dr. Nicoll's book, the inner and secret come this convenient and attractive reprint. Nettle- chamber of the soul, and also the less obvious side ship's memoir of Green, as an authoritative reviewer of things in general, although the title is only loosely said at the time of its first appearance, “ fairly finds and partially applicable to the chapters grouped him out.” He was a man, his friend Leslie Stephen under it. Four good personal sketches - of Alex has observed, “whose homely exterior, reserved ander Bain, R. H. Hutton, James Payn, and Robert manner, and middle-class radicalism were combined A. Neil — based on some actual acquaintance with with singular loftiness of character. He recalls in these men, and written on the occasion of their sev different ways Wordsworth, of whom he was to some eral deaths, are particularly to be commended. The degree a disciple even in philosophy, and Bright, late George Macdonald is also noticed in a rather whom he followed in politics. In youth he was more perfunctory sketch. The essayist's high praise impressed by Carlyle and Maurice. He developed of the letters of his intimate friend Neil, of which he the philosophical ideas congenial to him from the possesses many, and which he finds more Lamb-like first,“ by a sympathetic study of Kant and Hegel."" (so to speak) than any he has ever read, makes one Readers of “Robert Elsmere ” may not yet have wish they might be published, under his editorship. forgotten "Mr. Gray,” who is Thomas Hill Green So wholesome and enjoyable a book as this little as portrayed by the novelist. An apparently excel- volume of essays should find many readers, as it lent portrait of a different sort appears as frontis- doubtless will. piece to this inviting volume. 48 [Jan. 16, THE DIAL vure ner. Blake, which is to say that it is in every detail a model BRIEFER MENTION. of conservative book-making. There is a photogra- Mr. B. H. Blackwell, Oxford, sends us a small volume re frontispiece of Keats at Wentworth Place, after called “Westminster Versions,” being translations of Severn's painting; a title-page vignette from a tracing English verse into Latin and Greek made by a score or by Keats of a Grecian urn (not the urn, however); an more of scholars, and collected under the editorial super- etching on steel by William Bell Scott of Severn's vision of Mr. Herbert F. Fox. The translations are from poignant death-bed portrait of the poet; a reproduction many poets, including such moderns as Henley and of Haydon's life-mask of Keats placed in the position Swinburne, and one venturesome Oxonian has even done of Severn's death-bed sketch; and a facsimile leaf from Lowell's “ The Courtin'” in Latin elegiacs. A second a holograph draft of " The Eve of St. Mark,"containing volume of similar character comes from Longmans, sixteen lines not hitherto published in any other edition. Green, & Co., and contains the “ Translations into Latin and Greek Verse" made by the late H. A. J. Munro. These versions were printed for private circulation in 1884, but are now published for the first time. Dante NOTES. and Goethe, besides a great number of English poets, are included among the subjects of these experiments. The Macmillan Co. publish an advanced text-book on Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. are the American pub- Study of General Inorganic Chemistry,” by Professor “Qualitative Analysis as a Laboratory Basis for the lishers of the translation of Heine's works which was William Conger Morgan. undertaken by the late Charles G. Leland, and carried to completion after his death by other hands. The edi- Heywood's “The Royall King and Loyall Subject," tion makes up a set of twelve volumes, the first eight of reprinted from the quarto of 1637 and edited by Miss which give us the prose writings in Leland's version. Kate Watkins Tibbals, is a recent publication of the Of the four volumes of verse, one (the “Book of Songs") University of Pennsylvania. was translated by Mr. T. Brooksbank, who died before The « Antigone,” in a verse-translation by Mr. Robert the volume was published. The remaining three have Whitelaw, with introduction and notes by Mr. J. Chur- been done by Miss Margaret Armour (Mrs. W. B. ton Collins, and intended for school-study as a literary Macdougall), and, considering the extraordinary diffi- classic, is published by Mr. Henry Frowde. culty of the task, in an unexpectedly satisfactory man “ Animal Micrology,” by Dr. Michael F. Guyer, is a The best of Heine evaporates in translation, no recent publication of the University of Chicago Press. doubt, but readers who possess no German may be con- It is a practical manual of microscopical technique as gratulated upon having offered to them so close an applied to the preparation and study of animal tissues. approach to the original as is found in the present Two new volumes in the “ Langham Series of Art version. Monographs,” imported by the Messrs. Scribner, are The Macmillan Co. publish a translation, in modern “ Hokusai: The Old Man Mad with Painting,” by Mr. French prose, of “ La Chanson de Roland,” edited by Edward F. Strange, and “Oxford,” by Mr. #. J. L. J. Professor J. Geddes, Jr. The apparatus, consisting of Massé. introduction, bibliography, notes, manuscript readings, Herr Felix Weingartner's essay on “Symphony and index, is very extensive, and there is also a series Writers since Beethoven,” translated by Mr. Arthur of highly interesting illustrations from various sources. Bles, has been made (with the help of portraits and Other French texts are Racine's “ Les Plaideurs," edited thick pages) into a sizable book, which is now imported by Professor C. H. C. Wright, and published by Messrs. by Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons. D. C. Heath & Co., and a volume of « Feuilletons Choisis,” edited by Mr. Cloudesley Brereton, and pub- Four commemorative addresses by President Eliot lished by Mr. Henry Frowde. Two German texts from are collected into a small volume and published by the American Unitarian Association. The subjects are the Messrs. Heath are “Wilkommen in Deutschland," a reader prepared by Professor W. E. Mosher, and Franklin, Washington, Channing, and Emerson, and the “Munchhausen's Reisen und Abenteuer,” edited by book is entitled “ Four American Leaders." Professor F. G. G. Schmidt. Messrs. Henry Holt & For the fourth issue of their “Lakeside Classics," Co. publish “ Das Edle Blut," a tale by Herr Ernst von Messrs. R. R. Donnelley & Sons have chosen William Wildenbruch, edited by Professor Ashley K. Hardy. Penn's “ Fruits of Solitude,” which comes in a tastefully- The new edition of Keats's poems prepared by Mr. printed volume with a portrait in photogravure. An H. Buxton Forman for the Oxford Clarendon Press editorial note is supplied by Mr. John Vance Cheney. is neither an exhaustive variorum edition nor a mere Miss Elsie M. Lang's “ Literary London," introduced unedited text; but aims to present the complete body | by Mr. G. K. Chesterton, and illustrated by many pho- of Keats's verse illustrated by the most significant of tographs, will prove useful to the tourist who is in existing variant readings and cancelled passages. Thus search of the spots associated with the great English the reader is able to obtain a good general view of the writers. The arrangement is alphabetical. Messrs. processes and results of Keats's creative faculty without Charles Scribner's Sons publish the volume. becoming submerged in minutiæ. A long and inter Gifford's translation of Juvenal faces the Latin text esting introduction describes the various sources and on alternate pages of the latest volume to be published materials upon which the authoritative text of Keats in the “ Temple Greek and Latin Classics.” The intro- now rests. Needless to say, no one is more thoroughly duction and notes are credited to Mr. A. F. Cole. The familiar with this material than Mr. Buxton Forman, freedom of this old translation is brought out by the and it is not likely that his labors in Keats's behalf will leading required to enable Juvenal to keep pace with ever be superseded. The present volume is uniform in | Gifford, the average being three English for two Latin make-up with the recent Oxford editions of Shelley, and verses. 1907.) 49 THE DIAL - - - The quest of American literature for the British market is an interesting sign of the times. In estab- lishing a New York branch of its business, the well- known publishing house of Chatto & Windus, which has existed for over wo hundred years in London, frankly announces that it has been “ moved to take this step by the fast-increasing importance of American literature, both grave and gay, which is now eagerly sought by British readers." This is a decided reversal of the old order prevailing in the days when it used to be scom- fully asked, “Who reads an American book?” LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 52 titles, includes books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION. Highways and Byways in Berkshire. By James Edmund Vincent. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 443. Macmillan Co. $2. Literary London. By Elsie M. Lang; with Introduction by G. K. Chesterton. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 349. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50 net, RELIGION AND THEOLOGY. Christian Theology in Outline. By William Adams Brown, Ph.D. Large 8vo, pp. 468. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50 net. The New Appreciation of the Bible: A Study of the Spirit- ual Outcome of Biblical Criticism. By Willard Chamberlain Selleck, D.D. 12mo, pp. 409. University of Chicago Press. $1.50 net. Modern Poets and Christian Teaching. New vol.: James Russell Lowell, by William A. Quayle. With photogravure portrait, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 155. Eaton & Mains. $1. net. Through the Sieve : A Group of Picked Sayings Shortly Told. By Addison Ballard, D.D. 12mo, pp. 150. Robert Grier Cooke. $1. net. The Methodist Year Book, 1907. Edited by Stephen V. R. Ford. Illus., 12mo, pp. 246. Eaton & Mains. Paper, 25 cts. SOCIOLOGY.-POLITICS.- PUBLIC AFFAIRS. Social and Ethical Interpretations in Mental Develop- ment: A Study in Social Psychology. By James Mark Baldwin. Fourth edition, enlarged; large 8vo, gilt top. pp. 606. Macmillan Co. $2.60 net. American Problems: Essays and Addresses. By James H. Baker, M.A. 12mo, pp. 222. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.20 net. Foar Aspects of Civic Duty. By William Howard Taft. 12mo, uncut, pp. 111. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1. net. The Investments of Life Insurance Companies. By Lester W. Zartman. 12mo, pp. 259. Henry Holt & Co. $1.25 net. Politics and Disease. By A. Goff and J. H. Levy. 12mo, pp. 291. London: P. S. King & Son. BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. The Cambridge "Apostles.” By Frances M. Brookfield. With portraits, 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 370. Charles Scrib- ner's Sons. A Queen of Indiscretions: The Tragedy of Caroline of Brunswick, Queen of England. Trans. by Frederic Chapman from the Italian of Graziano Paolo Clerici. With portraits in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 363. John Lane Co. $7. net. Sidney Herbert, Lord Herbert of Lea: A Memoir. By Lord Stanmore. In 2 vols., illus. in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, gilt tops. E. P. Dutton & Co. $7.50 net. Personal Recollections of Johannes Brahms: Some of his Letters to and Pages from a Journal Kept by George Henschel. With portraits, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 94. Gorham Press. $1.50. HISTORY. Early English and French Voyages, chiefly from Hakluyt, 1534-1608. Edited by Henry S. Burrage, D.D. With maps, large 8vo, pp. 451. * Original Narratives of Early American History." Charles Scribner's Sons. $3. net. The Lombard Communes : A History of the Republics of North Italy. By W. F. Butler, M.A. Illus., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 495. Charles Scribner's Sons. $3.75 net. Dictionnaire D'Histoire et de Géographie du Japon. By E. Papinot, M.A. Hlus., with supplementary maps, 8vo, pp. 992. Yokohama: Kelly & Walsh, Ltd. MUSIC AND ART. Symphony Writers since Beethoven. By Felix Weingart- ner; trans. trom the German by Arthur Bles. New edition; with portraits, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 163. Charles Scrib- ner's Sons. $1.75 net. Hokusai, the Old Man Mad with Painting. By Edward F. Strange, M.J.S. Illus. in color, etc., 18mo, gilt top, pp. 71. “Langham Series of Art Monographs." Charles Scribner's Sons. Leather, $1. net. SCIENCE. Rooks, Rock-Weathering and Soils. By George P. Merrill. New edition; illus., 8vo, pp. 400. Macmillan Co. $. net. Annual Reports of the Archeological Institute of America, 1905-1906. In 2 vols., illus., large 8vo, uncut. Macmillan Co. Paper. BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG. Eight Secrets. By Ernest Ingersoll. Illus., 12mo, pp. 338. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net. Tales of Jack and Jane. By Charles Young. Illus. in color, 8vo, pp. 131. John Lane Co. “Boy Wanted”: A Book of Cheerful Counsel. By Nixon Waterman. Illus., 8vo. pp. 106. Forbes & Co. $1.25. Old-Fashioned Rhymes and Poems. Selected by Mrs. Roadknight. 12mo, pp. 96. Longmans, Green, & Co. 50 cts. GENERAL LITERATURE. The Letters of William Blake, together with a Life by Fred- erick Tatham. Edited from the Original Manuscripts, with Introduction and Notes by Archibald G. B. Russell, Illus., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 237. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. net. A Last Ramble in the Classics. By Hugh E. P. Platt. 18mo, gilt top, pp. 205. Oxford: B. H. Blackwell. NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. The Works of Heinrich Heine. Trans. from the German by Charles Godfrey Leland and others. In 12 vols., each with photogravure portrait, 12mo, gilt top. E. P. Dutton & Co. Per set, $25. The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. Trans. by John Jackson; with Introduction by Charles Bigg. 16mo, uncut, pp. 238. Oxford University Press. $1. net. BOOKS OF VERSE. When Yesterday Was Young. By Mildred I. McNeal- Sweeney. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 147. Robert Grier Cooke, $1.25. Songs from the Capital. By Clara Ophelia Bland. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 89. Gorham Press. $1.25. FICTION Andrew Goodfellow : A Tale of 1805. By Helen H. Watson. 12mo, pp. 358. Macmillan Co. $1.50. The Squaw Man. By Julie Opp Faversham; adapted from the Play by Edward Milton Royle. Illus., 12mo, pp. 294. Harper & Brothers. $1.50. The Time Machine : An Invention. "By H. G. Wells. New edition; with frontispiece, 18mo, pp. 216. Henry Holt & Co. The House of the Hundred Doors. By Will M. Clemens. 12mo, pp. 41. New York: The Hawthorne Press. 50 cts. EDUCATION. Report of the Connecticut State Board of Education, together with the Report of the Secretary of the Board. Illus., large 8vo, pp. 732. Hartford Press. Qualitative Analysis as a Laboratory Basis for the Study of General Inorganic Chemistry. By William Conger Morgan, Ph.D. 8vo, pp. 351. Macmillan Co. $1.90 net. A Short Course on Differential Equations. By Donal Francis Campbell, Ph.D. 12mo, pp. 96. Macmillan Co. 90 cts, net. Heath's Modern Language Series. New vols.: Selections from Pascal, edited by F. M. Warren: Quatre-Vingt-Treize, by Victo Hugo, edited by C. Fontaine, B.L.; Teja, by Hermann Sudermann. Each with portrait, 16mo. D. C. Heath & Co. Sophocles' Antigone. Trans. by Robert Whitelaw; edited by J. Churton Collins, Litt.D. 16mo, pp. 56. Oxford University Press. 35 cts. net. Racine's Les Plaideurs. Edited by Charles H. Conrad Wright. With portrait, 16mo, pp. 104. “ Heath's Modern Language Series." D. C. Heath & Co. 30 cts. 50 THE DIAL [Jan. 16, uthors' gency Irules. Only three simple principles. By mail in 48 RESERVER THE DIAL Münchausen's Reisen und Abenteuer. By F. G. G. FIFTEENTH YEAR. Candid, suggestive Schmidt, Ph.D. 16mo, pp. 123. D. C. Heath & Co. 30 cts. Criticism, literary and technical Re- Poems of Victor Hugo. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, vision, Advice, Disposal. MSS. of all kinds. Instruction. REFERENCES: by Arthur Graves Canfield. 18mo, pp. 358. Henry Holt & Co. Mrs. Burton Harrison, W.D. Howells, Songs for Schools. Compiled by Charles Hubert Farnsworth. Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, Thomas Large 8vo, pp. 141. Macmillan Co. 60 cts. net. Nelson Page. Mrs. Mary E. Wilkins A German Primer. By Lewis Addison Rhoades, Ph.D., and Freeman, and others. Send stamp for Booklet to WM. A. DRESSER, Lydia Schneider. Illus., 8vo, pp. 109. Henry Holt & Co. Mention The Dial Garrison Hall, Boston, Mass. MISCELLANEOUS. The Garden Beautiful : Home Woods, Home Landscape. By The Study-Guide Series. W. Robinson. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 394. Charles Scribner's FOR USE IN HIGH SCHOOLS: The study of Ivan- Sons. $4. net. hoe; A Guide to English Syntax; The Study of Four Idylls A. L. A. Portrait Index: Index to Portraits Contained in of the King, -college entrance requirements. Printed Books and Periodicals. Edited by William Coolidge FOR ADVANCED AND CRITICAL STUDY, The Lane and Nina E. Browne. 4to, pp. 1600. "Library of Con study of Romola; The Study of Henry Esmond; The Crea- gress." Washington: Government Printing Office. tive Art of Fiction; ready in January, The Study of Idylls of What Is Japanese Morality ? By James A. B. Scherer. the King, full series; the Study of Shakespeare's King John With frontispiece in color, 12mo, pp. 87. Philadelphia: and King Richard Second. Address, H. A. DAVIDSON, Sunday School Times Co. The Study-Guide Series, CAMBRIDGE, Mass. Ye Miniature Calendar of Homely Maxims for 1907. Printed in colors. Paul Elder & Co. Farming Almanac, 1907. Compiled by Claude H. Miller, STUDY and PRACTICE of FRENCH in 4 Parts Ph.D. Illus., large 8vo, pp. 96. Doubleday, Page & Co. 25 cts. L. C. BONAME, Author and Pub., 1930 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. Well-graded series for Preparatory Schools and Colleges. No time wasted in superficial or mechanical work. French Tert: Numerous exercises in conversation, translation, composition. RESEARCHES Made in all New York Libraries Part I. (60 cts.): Primary grade; thorough drill in Pronuncia- on any subject. tion. Part II. (90 cts.): Intermediate grade; Essentials of WILLIAM H. SMITH, JR., 515 West 173d Street, New YORK Grammar; 4th edition, revised, with Vocabulary; most carefully graded. Part III. ($1.00): Composition, Idioms, Syntax; meets RESEARCHES MADE IN THE BOSTON LIBRARY, requirements for admission to college. Part IV. (35 cts.): handbook of Pronunciation for advanced grade; concise and HARVARD LIBRARY, and BOSTON ATHENÆUM. comprehensive. Sent to teachers for examination, with a view TRANSLATIONS made from French and Italian. to introduction. Summaries of books or chapters; Expert copy and proofreading. F. H. DIKE, Mass. Institute of Technology, Boston. THE LIBRARY OF LITERARY CRITICISM arsh's Standard Shorthand OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN AUTHORS Swift, brief, exact. Plain as print, easy as a, b, c. No A collection of what has been written in criticism of the works that constitute the literature of the English language - intro- half-hour lessons (24 hrs.). Lesson, specimen, etc., 10c. ducing the authors in chronological order and realistic treat- California Correspondence College, Santa Barbara, California. ment-forming a thoroughly authenticated history and the best illuminative perspective of English and American literature. A READABLE REFERENCE WORK. MS. of about 115 pages, choicely illustrated ? MS. would Eight volumes, $5.00 to $6.50 per volume. Sample pages and be mailed for consideration. Testimonials from well-known descriptive matter free by mail. critics. Address Author, Box 749, Bridgeport, Conn. CHARLES A. WENBORNE, BUFFALO, N. Y. COMMISSIONS executed at the New York Book Auctions. Write me. SEND FOR CATALOGUES WILLIAM H. 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JENKINS CO. FRENCH BOOKS 1907.] 51 THE DIAL WHAT WE ARE DOING FOR LIBRARIANS AN APPROPRIATE AND SUITABLE GIFT. | Book Plates We now have the most efficient department for the handling of Library orders. 1. A tremendous miscellaneous stock. 2. Greatly increased facilities for the importation of English publications. 3. Competent bookmen to price lists and collect books. All this means prompt and complete shipments and right prices. THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO., Wholesale Booksellers 33-37 Bast Seventeenth Street, New York Every Book-lover should have his own and make his library distinctive I make them dainty and original in design at reasonable prices. Write for information and samples fo BUCKELMUELLER, BUFFALO, NY WHEN CALLING, PLEASE ASK FOR The STUDEBAKER MR. GRANT fine arts Building Michigan Boulevard, between Congress and Van Buren Streets, Chicago. LENA ASHWELL - GUY STANDING By so doing you will be able to obtain the best books of the season at liberal discounts. Mr. Grant has been selling books for over twenty years, and the phrase “Save on Books” has become a motto of his bookshop. Mr. Grant's stock of books is carefully selected and very complete. If you cannot call send a ten-cent stamp for an assortment of catalogues and special slips of books at greatly reduced prices. F. E. GRANT 23 West Forty-second Street, New York “The Wooing of Eve" Beginning Thursday, Jan. 17 99 Miss Ashwell as “Eve" Book publishers and book journals are alike sustained by a book public. The people who read book journals are the ones who buy books. Daily papers and miscel- laneous journals have miscellaneous read- ers, some of whom are bookish people. All the readers of a book journal are bookish people. THE DIAL is preminently a book journal, published solely in the interests of the book class, — the literary and culti- vated class. THE HE DIAL is more generally consulted and depended upon by LIBRARIANS in making up ORDERS FOR BOOKS than any other American critical journal; it circu- lates more widely among RETAIL BOOK- SELLERS than any other journal of its class; it is the accustomed literary guide and aid of thousands of PRIVATE BOOK-BUYERS, covering every section of the country. LIBRARY ORDERS For a number of years we have been unusually success- ful in filling the orders of PUBLIC, SCHOOL AND COLLÈGE LIBRARIES No house in the country has bet- ter facilities for handling this busi- ness, as our large stock makes prompt service possible, and our long experience enables us to give valua- ble aid and advice to librarians. Library Department A. C. McCLURG & CO. CHICAGO 52 [Jan. 16, 1907. THE DIAL KEEPING UP WITH THE MAGAZINES without giving all one's time to them is a task of ever-increasing difficulty. (This is decidedly the magazine age. The number, variety, and high quality of our periodicals are nothing less than amazing. The master-minds of the world go to their making, — the greatest of living thinkers, workers, story-tellers, poets, and artists. One must fall hopelessly behind the times if he fails to keep in touch with this treasure realm of knowledge and entertainment; yet so vast is its extent that few can hope to cover it first hand. By limiting oneself to a few periodicals taken by the year, all but a very small portion of the field is overlooked. The only sensible plan is to buy each month single copies of those magazines that contain the things one wants most to see. This plan has been made practicable by WHAT'S IN THE MAGAZINES, a monthly publication which renders the mass of current magazine literature completely accessible to the busy every-day reader. Each issue presents a bird's-eye view of the maga- zine-contents of the month, with the aid of which one may gain in ten minutes as good an idea of what the current periodicals contain as though he had personally examined a copy of each. It is not a mere list of contents; neither is it a complicated and confusing library index. Everything is arranged and classified, simply but exactly; whether one is hunting up special subjects or the work of special writ- ers or merely looking out for good things in general, the arrangement is equally convenient. (It is a vest-pocket Baedeker to magazine- land, - a periodical that brings all other periodicals into a nutshell; and so must prove indispensable to every busy intelligent person. We could fill A genuine inspiration.- Emily HUNTINGTON MILLER, Englewood, N. J. many pages of Indispensable to any busy man.-San Francisco Chronicle. this publication A splendid thing, and most helpful to anyone whose time is limited. - MELVILLE E. STONE, New York. with enthusiastic I regard my subscription as the best literary investment I ever made. commendations - EUGENE L. DIDIER, Baltimore, Md. of WHAT'S IN A veritable boon. Why has no brilliant mind been inspired to this plan long before ?- Los Angeles Evening News. THE MAGAZINES. Just what I have been needing always. — GELETT BURGESS, Boston. Here are a few Should be of incalculable value. — Chicago Record-Herald. good specimens: A priceless boon to a busy man. — HENRY TURNER Bailey, North Scituate, Mass.' THREE MONTHS In order that every reader of THE DIAL may become acquainted with WHAT'S IN THE MAGAZINES, the next three FOR TEN CENTS monthly issues will be mailed post-free for ten cents in stamps or currency. Mention this advertisement. Address WHAT'S IN THE MAGAZINES, 203 MICHIGAN Ave., CHICAGO THE DIAL PRESS, FINE ARTS BUILDING, CHICAGO THE DIAL A SEMI- MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. FRANEISTED BROWNE} Volume XLII. No. 495. CHICAGO, FEB. 1, 1907. 10 cts. a copy. $2. a year. { FINE ARTS BUILDING 203 Michigan Blvd. RECENT BOOKS OF PERMANENCE SHAKESPEARE'S COMPLETE WORKS An authoritative and thoroughly modern edition. superb presswork throughout ... the best single-volume Shakespeare in existence." - Chicago Record-Herald. Edited by Prof. W. A. Neilson of Harvard, in the Cambridge Poets Series. With portraits. Cloth, $3.00. Postpaid. A HEBREW AND ENGLISH LEXICON OF THE OLD TESTAMENT “The best thing of its kind in the English language. ... An indispensable tool to the student and a standard of authority." - The Interior. Full sheep binding. $8.00 net. Postpaid. THE PRACTICE OF DIPLOMACY By John W. Foster A handbook of diplomacy as illustrated in the foreign relations of the United States, by the greatest American authority. Contains information of interest to every American citizen. An important work . . . very readable and entertaining." - Chicago Inter Ocean. $3.00 net. Postage, 20 cents. LIFE AND LETTERS OF LAFCADIO HEARN By Elizabeth Bisland "One of the most notable publications of the season.” – Louisville Evening Post. Two volumes. Illustrated. $6.00 net. Postage 40 cents. CHARLES GODFREY LELAND. By Elizabeth Robins Pennell "A work of exceptional interest gracefully and sympathetically written ... a full-length portrait of one of the most picturesque of American personalities." - Philadelphia Pre88. Illustrated. 2 vols. $5.00 net. Postage 31 cents. WALT WHITMAN By Bliss Perry 'In dealing with the most difficult of all subjects in our literary criticism, Mr. Perry has done our very best piece of work."— Thomas Wentworth Higginson. Illustrated. $1.50 net. Postage, 12 cents. THE GOLDEN DAYS OF THE RENAISSANCE IN ROME By Rodolfo Lanciani "A more interesting book of miscellaneous reading on Rome we have not met in a long time. – New York Tribune. Illustrated. Boxed, $5.00 net. Postage, 31 cents. MY PILGRIMAGE TO THE WISE MEN OF THE EAST By Moncure' D. Conway "Of great value and interest .. full of the wisdom that comes from large knowledge of human nature.” – Sa Francisco Chronicle. Illustrated. $3.00 net. Postage, 20 cents. THE POETRY OF CHAUCER By Robert K. Root "It intelligently describes Chaucer's work, and furnishes just the material needed by the non-professional reader. The comprehensiveness of the work is remarkable." -- Baltimore Sun. $1.50 net. Postage, 8 cents. ATONEMENT IN LITERATURE AND LIFE By Charles A. Dinsmore A fresh, vigorous statement, a new appreciation of great literature ... many striking and stimulating definitions." -Willimantic Chronicle. $1.50 net. Postage, 13 cents. 00 TO THE LIBRARIAN. — There has been prepared and printed for free distribution, a descriptive list of the volumes exhibited in the Model Library at the St. Louis Exposition, selected by the merican Library Association under the direction of Mr. Melvil Dewey, and published by Houghton, Mifflin & Co. The list includes about 750 volumes embracing all branches of literature, and forms a valuable and accurate guide to the more recent and important books. Send a postal giving your name and address, and we will take pleasure in mailing you a copy free of charge. BOSTON HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & COMPANY NEW YORK 54 [Feb. 1, THE DIAL FOR LIBRARIANS A REFERENCE LIST OF A. C. MCCLURG & CO.'S LIBRARY BOOKS OF 1906 BROWNE, FRANCIS F. Golden Poems by British and American Authors. New revised (ninth) edition from new plates. With complete Indexes. $1.50. This is one of the best and most standard anthologies for the library – as it is comprehensive, carefully classified, and wide in its appeal. BROWN, WILLIAM HORACE The Glory Seekers. The Romance of Would-be Founders of Empire in the Early Days of the Great Southwest. With 16 portraits, and drawings by W. J. Enright. Indexed. Square 8vo. Net $1.50. “ Adventurers who sought to weld an empire or to found a republic have left a trail of romance after them in the memoirs of their times, but no book contains so compact or so interrelated an account as Mr. Brown's." EDWARDS, A. HERBAGE - Chicago Evening Post. Kakemono. Japanese Sketches. With frontispiece. Crown 8vo. Net $1.75. As an epitome of the Japanese attitude toward life, “Kakemono " will charm all who have once felt the fascination of the Land of Sunrise." “ It matters not where one dips into the book's quiet richness, it is all Japan.” — Chicago Record-Herald. EGAN, MAURICE FRANCIS The Ghost in Hamlet, and Other Essays in Comparative Literature. 16mo. Net $1.00. " Professor Egan's style is always clear, reasonable, polished. The first seven essays in the volume are on various aspects of Shakespeare, to which are added three on other literary themes. Every page bears witness to the learning and critical acumen of the author.” — Chicago Record-Herald. ELBÉ, LOUIS Future Life, in the Light of Ancient Wisdom and Modern Science. Second Edition. With portrait of author. 12mo. Net $1.20. "Of unusual interest, not only for its topic, but because it is handled in a truly scientific way, yet in terms the ordinary reader can understand." --- Book News. ELIOT, GEORGE Romola. An Historically Illustrated Edition. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by Dr. Guido Biagi, librarian of the Laurentian Library, Florence. With 160 illustrations. 2 volumes, izmo, in slip case. Net $3.00. Uniform with McMahan's "Shelley in Italy.” “ This edition will leave no wish unfulfilled: no spot unrepresented which furthers the comprehension of the reader of a masterpiece of a master mind.” — Seattle Post-Intelligencer. HILDRETH, RICHARD, and CLEMENT, E. W. Japan As It Was and Is: A Handbook of Old Japan. By Richard Hildreth. In two volumes. A reprint edited and revised, with notes and additions, by Ernest W. Clement, and an Introduction by William Elliot Griffis. With maps and 100 illustrations. Indexed. 2 volumes, 12mo, in slip case. Net $3.00. Uniform with Clement's "Modern Japan." "This new edition of the old and valuable work is of the highest value. The revision has been done by a man thoroughly competent to do it well, and the result is worthy of the highest commendation. And the publishers have put it forth in handsome style." - Salt Lake Tribune. HULBERT, ARCHER B. Pilots of the Republic. The Romance of the Pioneer. Promoters in the Middle West. With portraits and drawings by Walter J. Enright. Indexed. Net $1.50. "Mr. Hulbert has a capital style, and tells the stories of these gallant men in a most interesting way. His is not formal history, nor yet formal biography, but a happy medium between the two." — New Orleans Picayune. KELLEY, GWENDOLYN, and UPTON, GEORGE P. Edouard Remenyi: Musician, Litterateur, and Man. An Appreciation. With portraits. Indexed. Large 8vo. Net $1.75. .: It is a thoroughly personal book, such a sketch of a great man as one likes to read, for one then gets next to the soul, indeed, the inspiration that has moved many audiences." - Chicago Tribune. LITERATURE OF LIBRARIES Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. Edited by John Cotton Dana, Librarian of the Newark Public Library, and Henry W. Kent, Assistant Secretary of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Six volumes, thin 18mo, boards. Four volumes now ready! Send for descriptive circular. Regular edition limited to 250 Sets. The set, net $12.00. Sold only in complete sets. The two volumes before us and the four that are promised, form together a collection that should be studied by all library workers." - The Nation. As specimens of bookmaking these charming little books are worthy of special note." — Chicago Evening Post. A. C. McCLURG & CO., PUBLISHERS, CHICAGO 1907.] 55 THE DIAL -- - FOR LIBRARIANS A REFERENCE LIST OF A. C. MOCLURG & CO.'S LIBRARY BOOKS OF 1906 etc. LYMAN, HENRY M. Hawaiian Yesterdays. Chapters from a Boy's Life in the Islands in the Early Days. With 27 illustrations from photographs and 2 maps. Indexed. Large 8vo. Net $2.00. • The author gives some delightful pictures of the islands, the people, and the manner of living. There is a good deal of life and color and much interesting statement, particularly as to the life of the kings and queens who ruled like despots over the tiny kingdom." — Philadelphia Inquirer. MCMAHAN, ANNA BENNESON With Byron in Italy. Being a Selection of the Poems and Letters of Lord Byron whic ave to do with his Life in Italy from 1876 to 1823. Edited, with Introductions. With over 60'illustrations from photographs. Indexed. 12mo. Net $1.40. "The letters are all characterized by a dash and piquancy which reveal the author as among the great letter-writers of all time. They contain little comment upon Italian scenery or art, but much about the Italian people and their cus- toms. They reveal, moreover, the poet's intense love for Italy, which is less generally known or appreciated than his devotion to Greece. . . . It is altogether a delightful book either for reference or for gift purposes." Chicago Daily News. MOLMENTI, POMPEO Venice. Its Individual Growth from the Earliest Beginnings to the Fall of the Republic. Translated from the Italian by Horatio F. Brown, British Archivist in Venice and author of “In and Around Venice, Six volumes, 8vo, with many illustrations. Indexed. Section 1. Venice in the Middle Ages, two volumes. Sold only in two-volume sections. Per section, net $5.00. • To one interested in Venice it is from the nature of things indispensable. ... The two volumes are particularly well illustrated, not only from pictures of archæologic interest, but from a still greater number of reproductions from paintings and contemporary photographs of living interest. A word should also be said of the appearance of the volumes. The paper and type are excellently chosen and the binding is very handsome and simple." — Chicago Evening Post. MORRIS, J. The Makers of Japan. With 24 illustrations. Indexed. Large 8vo. Net $3.00. "Mr. Morris is well acquainted with his subject, from long residence in Japan and near-at-hand knowledge of the men he describes and the situation he pictures." — WILLIAM. Elliot Griffis. MOTTRAM, WILLIAM The True Story of George Eliot: With Especial Reference to “Adam Bede.” With 86 illustrations. Net $1.75. William Mottram, the author of this illuminating study of greatness, was a cousin of George Eliot and the grand-nephew of Adam and Seth Bede. . . . It may be seen that he has exceptional opportunity for placing George Eliot in a better light than former critics and biographers have had and in enabling the readers of the present day to judge of her character and her actions by clearer vision." – Louisville Courier-Journal. PEPPER, CHARLES M. Panama to Patagonia. The Isthmian Canal and the West Coast Countries of South America. With 4 maps and so illustrations. Indexed. Large 8vo. Net $2.50. “We have every reason to expect from him first hand information both valuable and interesting. This, indeed, his volume contains ; it is one of the exceptional books of travel made up of vital facts and not of trivialities." – Los Angeles Times. STALEY, EDGCUMBE The Guilds of Florence. Historical, Industrial, and Political. With many illustrations. Indexed. Tall royal 8vo. Net $5.00. • When he is bestowing information, which he does both copiously and clearly, his style is concise and business-like, and he says well what he has to say." - London Times, THISELTON-DYER, T. F. Folk-Lore of Women. Indexed. 12mo. Net $1.50. "The proverbial sayings, folk-rhymes, superstitions, and traditionary lore associated with the fair sex. He has made exhaustive search of many sources and has culled his material from writers of many countries." - Chicago Record-Herald. UPTON, GEORGE P. The Standard Operas: Their Plots, Their Music, Their Composers. New revised (nineteenth) edition, from new plates. With over 75 illustrations of leading characters. Indexed. · 12mo. $1.75. " It is undoubtedly the most complete and intelligent exposition of this subject that has ever been attempted. From an educational point of view its value cannot be overestimated." — St. Louis Republic. 12mo. A. C. McCLURG & CO., PUBLISHERS, CHICAGO 56 [Feb. 1, THE DIAL BEST BOOKS FOR LIBRARIES PUBLISHED BY LITTLE, BROWN, & CO. BOSTON, MASS. Fiction Travel and Description THEWONDERS OF THE COLORADO DESERT (Southern California). By GEORGE WHARTON JAMES. With colored frontispiece, 32 full-page plates, and three hundred pen and ink sketches by Carl Eytel. 2 vols. 8vo. $5.00 net. Twenty-five years of observation and experience in the desert have resulted in a remarkable and valuable work," says The Dial of these authoritative volumes. THE DRAGON PAINTER. A Japanese Romance. By Mary McNEIL FENOLLOSA (Sidney McCall). Illustrated. 12mo. $1.50. “It bears as plainly the marks of its author's knowledge and comprehension of Japanese nature and sympathy with Japanese motives and ideals as does the work of Lafcadio Hearn.” – New York Times. LITERARY BY-PATHS IN OLD ENGLAND. By HENRY C. SHELLEY. With twenty-four full- page plates and one hundred smaller illustrations from photographs. 8vo. $3.00 net. “Rarely does one come upon so charming a literary sketch-book as this." -- The Outlook. THROUGH THE GATES OF THE NETHER- LANDS. By Mary E. WALLER. With twenty- four photogravure plates. 8vo. $3.00 net. "She takes the reader into the very heart of Dutch life; when the volume is finished one feels that he too has lived for a time among these people." - Providence Journal. THE LAND OF ENCHANTMENT. From Pike's Peak to the Pacific. By LILIAN WHITING. Fully illustrated from photographs. 8vo. $2.50 net. "Miss Whiting's book is likely to remain the best de- scription of the Southwest as a whole." – Springfield Republican. SOME CHINESE GHOSTS. By LAFCADIO HEARN. New edition. 12mo. $1.50 net. "One of the best books ever written by this master of the weird and occult.” – San Francisco Chronicle. THE STORY OF SCRAGGLES. By GEORGE WHARTON JAMES. Illustrated. 12mo. $1.00. The Dial classes this touching autobiography of a song sparrow with Jack London's "White Fang," as deserving popularity. THE SILVER CROWN. Another Book of Fables for Old and Young. By LAURA E. RICHARDS. 12mo. $1.25. "Worthy of Hawthorne.”. Pittsburg Gazette-Times. Books for the Young STARTING IN LIFE. What Each Calling Offers Ambitious Boys and Young Men. By NATHANIEL C. FOWLER, Jr. With 33 illustrations. 12mo. $1.50 net. "It will prove of excellent and needed service to many young men. It is on different lines from any other book of counsel that I know, and gives information and sugges- tion which few could obtain otherwise." - Josephus M. Larned, Er-President of the American Library Associ- ation, late Superintendent of Education at Buffalo, N.Y. THE BIRCH-TREE FAIRY BOOK. By CLIFTON JOHNSON. Profusely illustrated by Willard Bonte. 12mo. $1.75. A worthy companion book to the “Oak-Tree Fairy Book," which was approved by the American Library Association for small libraries. Miscellaneous Books MARS AND ITS MYSTERY. By EDWARD S. MORSE. Illustrated. Small 8vo. $2.00 net. "A plain account of the controversies over the interpre- tation of the curious markings of Mars, and of the diver- gence of opinion as to their nature. The book gives full references to original sources of information." - New York Times. THE STARS AND STRIPES AND OTHER AMERICAN FLAGS. By PELEG D. HARRISON. With eight illustrations in color. 8vo. $3.00 net. "A work which must become practically a national text- book on all matters relating to the country's flags.” – Boston Herald. LAST VERSES. By Susan COOLIDGE (pseud.). With Introduction by her sister, Mrs. Daniel C. Gilman. 16mo. Cloth, $1.00 net. All her uncollected verses and some never before printed are included. They have true poetical feeling." - Boston Transcript. A HANDBOOK OF POLAR DISCOVERIES. By General A. W. GREELY of the United States Army. Illustrated. 12mo. $1.50. An authoritative record of the most important polar expeditions, by the most reliable and best informed writer." - St. Louis Globe-Democrat. IN EASTERN WONDERLANDS. By CHAR- LOTTE CHAFFEE Gibson. Illustrated from photo- graphs. 12mo. $1.50. "A charmingly written story of a real trip made around the world by three children." - Chicago Tribune. LONG AGO IN GREECE. A book of lden Hours with the Old Story Tellers. By EDMUND J. CARPENTER Fully illustrated. 12mo. $1.50. "It has the particular merit that it follows the originals very closely and preserves something of the atmosphere as well as the subject-matter of the famous old stories that it presents." – New York Times. 1907.] 57 THE DIAL --- - BESIDES being a book that will long remain the standard work on the Colorado Desert” (San Francisco Chronicle), Mr. James's descrip- tion of “one of the most fascinatingly interesting places in the world” (New York Mail) contains exceedingly timely chapters on the overflow of the Colorado River into the mysterious Salton Sea. The story of how Mr. James and a few pioneer companions, in roughly constructed boats, followed the new course of the Colorado into the Salton lake, at one time cutting their way through an almost impenetrable mesquite forest, at others shooting turbulent rapids and narrowly escaping foundering as huge sections of the undermined banks fell into the rushing stream, raising gigantic waves, is full of thrilling interest.' Those who desire to learn the precise facts in regard to the Salton Sea will find them carefully assembled as a result of the author's special investigation. — New York Tribune. THE WONDERS OF THE COLORADO DESERT (SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA) Its River and Its Mountains, Its Canyons and Its Springs, Its Life and Its History, Pictured and Described Including an Account of a Recent Journey Made Down the Overflow of the Colorado River to the Mysterious Salton Sea By GEORGE WHARTON JAMES Author of “ In and Around the Grand Canyon,” “The Old Missions of California,” etc. George Wharton James writes with unexampled authority. The two volumes are of extraordinary interest. Mr. James had a marvellously interesting subject and he has treated it skilfully and attrac- tively.” — Philadelphia Press. “Mr. James is able to bring knowledge of much that is absolutely unknown to the average American reader." - The Outlook. “ A fascinating work, with minute descriptions of every phase of the Sahara of California and Arizona. What strikes the reader is the variety of informa- tion." Chicago Tribune. “ The most elaborate work he has yet done.” - New York Evening Post. “ The illustrations are conspicuously good and add to the intrinsic interest of Mr. James's valuable volumes." Brooklyn T'imes. THE DIAL says : “Twenty-five years of observation and experience in the desert have resulted in a remark- able and valuable work. “Besides the very full and painstaking descriptive and historical matter of these volumes, there are given more than three hundred admirable drawin from re, including a delicately beautiful colored frontispiece, by Mr. Carl Eytel, and numerous full-page photographic prints.” With map, index, etc. 2 vols., 8vo, in box. $5.00 net. LITTLE, BROWN, & CO. PUBLISHERS BOSTON 58 [Feb. 1, THE DIAL Ready in January “THE PRIVATEERS' By H. B. MARRIOTT WATSON Author of "Hurricane Island,” etc. The story of the fight between two unscrupulous stock gamblers for the possession of a charming English girl, who, unknown to herself, is the heiress to the controlling interest in an American railroad. Illus- trated by Cyrus Cuneo. $1.50. BETTINA By ELEANOR HOYT BRAINERD Author of " The Misdemeanors of Nancy." etc. If a man is standing at the ferry and is suddenly greeted by a charming girl he has never met and told to run for the boat with her, is it fair to expect him to sternly undeceive the young lady, who has mistaken him for an expected chum of her brother? A delightfully humorous tale. Illustrated by Will Grefé. $1.25. THE SOVEREIGN REMEDY By FLORA ANNIE STEEL Author of “On the face of the Waters." “ Written with all Mrs. Steel's brilliance of coloring and felicity of phrase. The atmosphere of the Welsh valley is finely reproduced; we have read few descriptions so full of idyllic beauty as the first picture of Aura's home.”—Spectator. $1.50. MY LIFE AS AN INDIAN By J. W. SCHULTZ Mr. Schultz as a young man went to the Blackfoot country, near Fort Benton ; and there, enamored of the life, became in fact an Indian, and won the hand of Nät-ah'-ki, a beautiful squaw. Illustrated from photographs. Ready Feb. 12. $1.50. THREE BIG BOOKS Ready February 26 Ready March 7 LAWSON'S Ready in March DIXON'S The Traitor PEARY'S Nearest the Pole Friday the 13th This powerfully human novel would have an immense ap- peal, no matter who wrote it. But the name of its au- thor makes it doubly inter- esting $1.50. The discoveries of an Amer- ican explorer who has done more to solve the mystery of the North Pole than has any other man. Many pho- tographs. $5.14, postpaid. Nearly half a million copies have been circulated of Mr. Dixon's former books, and it is safe to say that the “ best- selling books" of March will be headed by "The Traitor." $1.50. COUNTRY LIFE IN AMERICA THE WORLD'S WORK FARMING THE GARDEN MAGAZINE DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. NEW YORK. 1907.) 59 THE DIAL CROWELL'S RECENT PUBLICATIONS The Spirit of Democracy By CHARLES FLETCHER DOLE Contains chapters on “Suffrage,” “ Taxation,” “Party Rule," ~ Immigration,” “Labor Unions," Socialism," and other important themes. $1.25 net. Postage 10 cents. Famous Actor Families in America By MONTROSE J. MOSES Gives for the first time an accurate, comprehensive account of the rise of the American stage,and the great groups that have made it famous. With 40 illustra- tions. $2.00 net. Postage 20 cents. The Open Secret of Nazareth Tannhauser Wagner's music-drama retold in English verse. By OLIVER HUCKEL A companion book to the same author's highly successful paraphrases of “Parsifal” and “Lohen- grin” a pleasing narrative blank verse. Special type designs. 75 cents net. Postage 8 cents. By BRADLEY GILMAN An intimate study of Palestine and the local environment of Jesus. Full of color