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and enlightenment. Special type and illustrations.
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One of the ablest summings-up of belief in after-
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By GEORGE W. KNOX
Dr. Knox — traveller, lecturer, writer of note -
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Or, Might in Mind Mastery
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60
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
NEW AND RECENT PUBLICATIONS OF THE
OXFORD UNIVERSITY
PRESS — American Branch
THE PLAYS AND POEMS OF ROBERT GREENE
Edited, with a collotype and seven facsimile title-pages, by J. CHURTON COLLINS. In two volumes. 8vo. $6.00.
JOHNSON'S LIVES OF THE POETS
Edited by G. BIRKBECK Hill. With a memoir of Dr. Birkbeck Hill, by his nephew, HAROLD SPENCER SCOTT,
and a full index. Three vols. Half roan, $10.50.
PRIMITIVE AND MEDIÆVAL JAPANESE TEXTS
Edited, with Introduction, Notes, and Glossaries, by F. Victor DICKINS, C.B., sometime Register of the University
of London. Vol. I. Texts. Vol. II. Translations. Two vols. 8vo, cloth, $6.75.
GREEK THEORIES OF ELEMENTARY COGNITION
From Alcmæon to Aristotle. By John I. BEARE, Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin; Regius Professor of Greek
(sometime Professor of Moral Philosophy) in the University of Dublin. 8vo, cloth, $4.15.
THE KING'S ENGLISH
The common errors into which writers are liable to fall, and how such errors can be avoided.
By H. W. F. and F. C. F. Crown 8vo, cloth, $1.75.
FREDERICK YORK POWELL
A Life and a Selection from his Letters and Occasional Writings. By OLIVER Elton. Vol. I. Memoir and
Letters. Vol. II. Occasional Writings. Two vols. 8vo, with photogravure portraits, facsimiles, etc. $6.75.
THE POETICAL WORKS OF JOHN KEATS
Edited, with an Introduction and Textual Notes, by H. Buxton FORMAN, C.B. Cloth, with paper label or gilt
lettering. 8vo, with 5 illustrations, $2.50.
HERMANN VON HELMHOLTZ
By LEO KOENIGSBERGER. Translated by FRANCES A. Welby. With a preface by LORD KELVIN. Royal
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THE CANADIAN WAR OF 1812
By C. P. Lucas, C.B. 8vo, with 8 maps, $4.15. A graphic and impartial account of the war between
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THE GREAT REVOLT OF 1381
By CHARLES OMAN, M.A. 8vo, cloth, with two maps, $2.90.
AN INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC
By H. W. B. JOSEPH. 8vo, cloth, $3.15.
LECTURES ON THE METHOD OF SCIENCE
Edited by T. B. STRONG. 8vo, cloth, $2.50.
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By SIR W. R. Anson. Eleventh Edition. With Notes of American Cases by ERNEST W. HUFFCUT,
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THE ELEMENTS OF JURISPRUDENCE
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By FERNAND BERNARD. Translated by CHARLES P. SHERMAN, D.C.L. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS — American Branch, 91-93 Fifth Ave., New York


1907.]
61
THE DIAL
IMPORTANT BOOKS FOR LIBRARIES
Published During 1906 by J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY PHILADELPHIA, PA.
set.
HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY
BIGELOW, HON. JOHN
The Life of Benjamin Franklin
New Edition. Revised. Illustrated. Cr. 8vo.
3 vols. Three-quarter Morocco, $12. per
BRADY, CYRUS TOWNSEND
True Andrew Jackson Illus. Cr. 8vo.
Cloth, $2.00 net. Half Levant, $5.00 net.
BRUNETIÈRE, M. FERDINAND
Honoré de Balzac
Volume 2 in French Men of Letters Series.
Frontispiece. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50 net.
GRU YER, PAUL
Napoleon, King of Elba
Illustrated. 8vo. . Cloth, $3.50 net.
GIBBS, PHILIP
Men and Women of the French
Revolution
Large Quarto. Illustrated. Cloth, $7.00 net.
JOUBERT, CARL
The Fall of Tsardom 8vo. Cloth, $2. net.
LENOTRE, G.
The Flight of Marie Antoinette
Illustrated. Octavo. Cloth, $3.50 net.
MEAKIN, ANNETTE M. B.
Russia, Travels and Studies
Illustrated. Octavo. Cloth, $4.00 net.
MORRIS, CHARLES
Heroes of Discovery in America
Illustrated. 12mo. Cloth, $1.25 net.
Heroes of the Army
Illustrated. 12mo. Cloth, $1.25 net.
Heroes of Progress
Illustrated. 12mo. Cloth, $1.25 net.
PATRICK, DAVID, LL.D.
Chambers's Cyclopædia of English
Literature 3 volumes. New Edition.
Imperial 8vo. Cloth, $12.00 net.
PRATT, A. E.
Two Years among New Guinea
Cannibals Illus. Octavo. Cloth, $4. net.
STEARNS, FRANK P.
Life of Hawthorne
Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth, $2.00 net.
YOUNG, FILSON
Christopher Columbus and the New
World of His Discovery 2 vols. Illus.
Octavo. Cloth, $6.50 net per set.
MISCELLANEOUS
BLACK, JOAN JANVIER, M.D.
Eating to Live 12mo. Cloth, $1.50 net.
FLINT, ROBERT
Socialism
New Edition. Octavo. Cloth, $2.00 net.
FRANCINE, A. P., M.D.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Illustrated. 12mo. Cloth, $2.00 net.
HUBER, JOHN B., M.D.
Consumption and Civilization
Illustrated. Octavo. Cloth, $3.00 net.
MILLS, WESLEY, M.D.
Voice Production in Singing and
Speaking Illus. Cr. 8vo. Cloth, $2. net.
WHARTON, ANNE HOLLINGSWORTH
Italian Days and Ways
Illustrated. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50 net.
SCIENTIFIC
ABNEY, SIR W. DE W.
Instruction in Photography
11th Edition. Illus. 12mo. Cloth, $2.50 net.
BASTIAN, H. CHARLTON
Nature and Origin of Living Matter
8vo. Cloth, $3.50 net.
GIBSON, CHARLES R.
Electricity of To-day
Illustrated. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50 net.
GOODCHILD, G. F., and TWENEY, C. F.
Technological and Scientific
Dictionary
Illus. Small Quarto. Half Morocco, $6. net.
FICTION
BARBOUR, A. MAYNARD
Breakers Ahead
Frontispiece. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50.
BENSON, E. F.
The Angel of Pain 12mo. Cloth, $1.50.
Paul 12mo. Cloth, $1.50.
CAREY, ROSA N.
No Friend Like a Sister
12mo. Cloth, $1.50.
DICKSON, HARRIS
Gabrielle, Transgressor
Frontispiece. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50.
SCOTT, JOHN REED
The Colonel of the Red Huzzars
Illustrated. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50.
.
EVERY LIBRARY
SHOULD HAVE
LIPPINCOTT'S NEW GAZETTEER
Send for
Descriptive Circular


62
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
HARPER'S NEW PUBLICATIONS
CHRISTIAN SCIENCE
By MARK TWAIN
This book is the result of years of careful investigation of Mrs. Eddy's cult and writings,
and of the church which she has founded. It is an earnest effort to answer impartially those
questions which the public generally have been asking about Christian Science. And while
it must be ranked as the most serious and extended criticism of the subject that has yet been
made, it is not without frequent tinges of humor which make it, while instructive, also
deeply entertaining.
Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Price, $1.75.
BY THE LIGHT OF THE SOUL By MARY E. WILKINS FREEMAN
The plot of Mrs. Freeman's new novel hinges on an untimely youthful marriage that is
never revealed, but which leads to a succession of dramatic and powerful situations that
make the story one of unflagging interest.
Illustrated. Price, $1.50.
SAMPSON ROCK OF WALL STREET
By EDWIN LEFÈVRE
The feverish life of Wall Street and the “wheels within wheels" of the stock market oper-
ations have never been so graphically revealed. There are an American girl and American
millions to be won, and the hero makes a daring fight for them. The story culminates in a
tremendous climax such as only Wall Street could produce.
Illustrated. Price, $1.50.
GOOD HUNTING
By THEODORE ROOSEVELT
This volume offers for young folks a series of fascinating tales of big game hunting and out-
door life in the West. It is written out of Mr. Roosevelt's personal experiences before the
beginning of his active political career, when there was leisure to follow the lonely trail of
elk, wolf, and antelope in true sportsman fashion.
Illustrated. Price, $1.00.
SEA YARNS FOR BOYS
By W. J. HENDERSON
(Harper's Young People Series)
There is the story of the man who floated to safety on the back of a whale, the tale of the
ill-treated ghost, the acrobatic steamboat, the peaceful pirates, and many other yarns that
all lads will relish.
Illustrated. Cloth. Price, 60 cents.
AMERIGO VESPUCCI
By FREDERICK A. OBER
(Heroes of American History Series)
We see this famous explorer, who gave his name to the American continent, sailing across
strange seas, discovering strange lands, and fighting with strange tribes. A volume of
historical importance and great narrative charm.
Illustrated. Price, $1.00 net.
THE AMERICAN NATION Edited by ALBERT BUSHNELL HART, Ph.D., LL.D.
Vol. 20. The Appeal to Arms
By JAMES K. HOSMER, Ph.D., LL.D.
Vol. 21. Outcome of the Civil War
With maps and frontispieces. Crown 8vo. Library Edition, $2.00 net per vol.;
University Edition, $2.00 special per vol.
ar
]
HARPER & BROTHERS, Publishers, NEW YORK


1907.]
63
THE DIAL
WORTHY BOOKS
THE SOWING OF ALDERSON CREE
By MARGARET Prescott MONTAGUE, author of “The Poet,
Miss Kate and I."
With a frontispiece in color. $1.50.
This is a powerful novel of real dramatic force, a feud story with an unconven-
tional ending. It has a picturesque background in the mountains of West
Virginia.
Ready.March 15.
DIMBIE AND I
By MABEL BARNES-GRUNDY, author
of “Hazel of Heatherland."
With six illustrations by Otto Lang.
$1.50.
A love story of real feeling and
pathos, combined with unusual
humor. The reader will find it a
book of unqualified delight.
Ready March 1.
FAIRY TALES
TOLD BY THE Seven TRAVELERS AT
The Red Lion INN
Illustrated by George Bleekman.
$1.25.
David Belasco, Playwright and Manager,
has collaborated with his brother play-
wright, Charles A. Byrne, in a book of
Fairy Tales of singular felicity. The book
has an instant and sympathetic appeal to
children of all ages, because of its fine
imagery and startling invention.
A HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
By Russell STURGIS
Three volumes. Cloth, per set, net $15.00. Half morocco, per set, net $22.50.
VOLUME 1. NOW READY
Mr. Russell Sturgis has long been recognized as the leading art and architec-
tural critic of America. In the present work, the first satisfactory history of
architecture published in English, we have the fruit of his long years of practice
and study in this field.
Send for Special Prospectus.
THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO., PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK


64
[Feb. 1, 1907.
THE DIAL
NEW
MACMILLAN BOOKS
Miss Jane Addams's new book
Newer Ideals of Peace
Its great value lies in its showing how the powers of healing, of militant good will, of friendliness,
which she has found in the poorer quarters of a great city, may, if they become operative in society,
become the basis of a new internationalism which shall do away with war.
Citizen's Library. Cloth, leather back, 12mo, $1.25 net.
The Tariff and the Trusts
By FRANKLIN PIERCE, of the New York Bar.
A clear, simple statement of the requirements of the Dingley Tariff and its effect upon the consumer.
The necessary historical information and the analysis of present conditions are adequate without being
technical
387 pages. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50 net. Just ready.
Federal Power Over Carriers and Corporations
By E. PARMALEE PRENTICE
A review of the practice, Federal and State, defining the powers of government; with a full discussion of
the history, meaning, and possibilities of the Sherman (or Anti-Trust) Act.
Cloth, 12 mo, $1.50 net. Just ready.
The Psychology of Religious Belief
By JAMES B. PRATT, Ph.D., Instructor in Philosophy in Williams College.
A discussion, strictly psychological, but sympathetic with religious faith and feeling, of three types of
religious belief -- naïve acceptance, and those based in intelleet, or in emotion.
Cloth, 12mo, $1.50 net. Just ready.
The Religious Conception of the World
By ARTHUR KENYON ROGERS, Ph.D., Professor of Philosophy and Education at Butler College.
Cloth, 12mo. Ready January 30,
Life in Ancient Athens By Professor T. G. TUCKER
The book follows, with a clearness almost dramatic, the social and public life, day by day, of Athens in
the period of her greatest glory and most vigorous vitality.
Cloth, 12mo, 323 pages, with 85 illustrations. $1.25 net.
Emerson By GEORGE EDWARD WOODBERRY
Professor Wood berry ranks easily among the first critics of our time, and his gifts are especially those
which aid in the interpretation of the work of a man of Emerson's mold. English Men of Letters,
American Series.
Cloth, 12mo, 75 cents net. Just ready.
A History of the Inquisition in Spain
VOLUME III.
By HENRY CHARLES LEA, author of "The Inquisition of the Middle Ages,” etc.
The third volume of the only work approaching authority on this interesting subject. The new volume
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- Cloth, 8vo, $2.50 net (postage 22c.) To be completed in four volumes, of which I. - III. are now ready.
The International Law and Diplomacy of the
Russo-Japanese War
By A. S. HERSHEY, Ph.D., Junior Professor of Political Science in the University of Indiana.
A complete narrative of the war from the point of view of international law and diplomacy. It discusses
War Correspondents, Wireless Telegraphy, Submarine Mines, Russian Seizures, Contraband of War, the
Voyage of the Baltic Fleet, the North Sea Incident, and the Treaty of Portsmouth. Cloth, 8vo, $3.00 net.
PUBLISHED
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THE DIAL
A Semi - Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOPFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER
BY THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS.
son
PAOE
.
.
.
.
.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th
of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2. a year in advance,
HOURS IN A LIBRARY.
postage prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico;
in other countries comprised in the Postal Union, 60 cents a A good many readers have lately been renew-
year for extra postage must be added. REMITTANCES should
be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE
ing their acquaintance with Leslie Stephen's
DIAL COMPANY. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions “ Hours in a Library,” that series of sane and
will begin with the current number. When no direct request
to discontinue at expiration of subscription is received, it is delightful essays in literary criticism, readers
assumed that a continuance of the subscription is desired. whose attention has been thus happily reclaimed
ADVERTISING RATEs furnished on application. All communi-
cations should be addressed to
by reason of the reappearance of the four vol-
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. umes in a new edition, and the recent publication
of the author's “ Life and Letters.'
His own
opinion of the work, as expressed in a letter to a
No. 495. FEBRUARY 1, 1907. Vol. XLII. friend, was characteristically modest.
“ I did not send it because it is a very foolish rea-
CONTENTS.
I am - - do not mention it to any one —
rather
ashamed of it. I don't know why, but I have a sus-
HOURS IN A LIBRARY
65
picion that I am not a good critic, or perhaps it is merely
a case of distorted vanity. Lowell bullied me out of a
THE PUBLIC LIBRARY AND THE CHILDREN.
copy; but I regretted it, and could wish that the book
Walter Taylor Field .
67
should not have crossed the Atlantic. However, you
will be merciful as a critic of mine. Don't say anything
CASUAL COMMENT
69
about the book when you write again, or it will seem to
The prices of English novels. - Why Mr. Wright
me as though I had been fishing for a compliment. This
is written on the understanding that you will preserve
is to give us a new life of Pater. “Subterranean
literature ” in Germany. - An irritating practice
a judicious silence in the interests of my moral health.
among library workers. — Dreams of an endowed
Publicity, as you truly say, is a poison, and private flat-
theatre. — Brunetière's successor in the French
tery is not much better.”
Academy. - An announcement from Mr. H. G. The whole tenor of Stephen's thought makes it
Wells. — Bibliographical work in libraries. — Rural obvious that there was no affectation in these
free delivery for libraries. -- The public library as
words of self-deprecation, but justice to a book
an educational force. - The smallest book ever
printed.
depends upon the public's verdict rather than
the author's, and it has been rendered, in this
THE HOHENLOHE MEMOIRS. Lewis A. Rhoades 71
instance, in terms that emphatically contradict
THE LIBRARIAN AND HIS CHARGE. Percy F.
Stephen's own estimate.
Bicknell...
73 We are not, however, at this late day reviewing
the “Hours in a Library," but have merely taken
THE RED PLANET MARS. Herbert A. Howe, . 75
the title as a peg upon which to hang a few dis-
THE RECORD OF A SCHOLARLY LIFE. Joseph
cursive general remarks. The expression “hours
Jastrow
78 in a library” means many things to many minds,
and what it means in any particular case depends
WITHSTANDING THE GODS. T. D. A. Cockerell 79
wholly upon personal associations and experi-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
81 ences. To readers of old memoirs, and even more
For a hunter of antiques. — The love-letters of a to those fortunate men and women who have the
king. - A flight through Scandinavia. - The letters
precious memory of a quiet period of youth and
of a famous artist and gallant. — Planning the gar-
adolescence spent in some old-fashioned house
den and its accessories. — Pleasant rambles in the
classics. — Six noted heroes of adventure. - The
with generous furniture of old-fashioned books,
vital part of psychic processes in evolution. — An it means rich treasures of recollection, fond remin-
up-to-date handbook of Polar research. — Problems iscences of exploration and discovery and wonder,
and progress of the Panama Canal.
as the mind recurs to those old days with their at-
BRIEFER MENTION
mosphere of delightful studies. To others, again,
whose early joy in the companionship of books
NOTES
has been preserved as something more than a
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
85 | fading memory, who have not permitted the cares
85
.


66
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
a
of the workaday world to sever them from that tion of the library into an institution, there has
source of primary inspiration, but still keep them come into existence the modern librarian,
selves surrounded by good literature and their very useful person, highly accomplished as an
daily lives sweetened by its ministry, the thought administrative officer, an expert in accession-
of "hours in a library” has a vital content, and listing and catalogue-making, a man alert to
expresses the occupation which still makes life grasp and weigh every idea new to his craft, an
best worth the living. A few are themselves pro- admirable factor in an admirable scheme of
ducers of literature, and pay direct tribute to its organization. And yet something seems to be
beneficence, as Mr. Allen to Malory in “ The lacking. He is so completely a custodian of
Choir Invisible,” and Mr. Quiller-Couch to books, he is necessarily so occupied with their
Rabelais in “ Sir John Constantine.” But most accidents, that he does not have the time, even
of those who continue through all their lives to if he have the disposition, to become their inti-
find in literature an ever-availing solace are con mate. And since this is so, he cannot become the
tent to absorb without giving out—except in the wise and helpful intermediary that his old-time
natural reactions of thought upon environment, predecessor was wont to be. The seeker for
and the world never learns what their “ hours counsel will get from him bibliographical infor-
in a library” have meant, and still mean, to them. mation in copious draughts; he will hardly get
But the lapse of time works portentous that fertilizing inspiration which flows from a
changes in most human conditions, and in none mind saturated with humanistic culture. In this
more so than in this relation between men and respect, the evolution of the type of the modern
books. The connotations of the term "library” librarian has been analogous to that of the modern
have become so transformed that most men now type of university president; it has been an in-
advanced in years find themselves compelled to evitable evolution, we repeat, but it leaves us
readjust both their ideas and their habits. In the with a sort of wistful regret for the type that has
old days, the word meant the private collection
vanished.
of books, upon which the personality of the col This subject was brought to the attention of
lector was impressed, and which was hallowed the Narragansett Conference last summer in the
by all sorts of tender and intimate associations. address of President Hill of the American Li-
The qualifying adjectives" public” and circu- brary Association, who used the following words:
lating” were used to indicate inferior kinds of “ There are those who claim that the old style libra-
libraries, that might be found useful upon occa-
rian who knew books has disappeared and his place has
sion, but that could not touch the heart. They
been taken by the modern librarian, who acts as the
executive officer of the institution. Such critics sigh for
represented the utilitarian as opposed to the sen-
the library of old, with its musty tomes and its air of
timental, and whenever those two appeals come seclusion and repose; they long for the return of the
into rivalry, we know which will win with all librarian with his quiet, dignified, studious air, and they
persons of gentle instincts. But to-day the li resent the change to the utmost."
brary, in the good old sense, has become a rare And then the speaker suggested a possible re-
phenomenon ; for the word would surely be mis- conciliation of the two ideals, probably the only
applied to these simulacra of libraries, filled with one possible for the large municipal library of
expensive and unread sets of standard authors,"
our times.
which occupy certain conventional quarters in
"To reach the highest degree of perfection the great
the homes of the rich, and are obviously nothing public library must have not only its executive whose
more than a part of the general scheme of lux-
business dangers, but also scholarly, studious men and
urious decoration. And the public library in its women who know books and how to use them. Both are
typical form (Bibliotheca Carnegiana), which necessary to the welfare of the large library. The wise
is what most men think of nowadays when they administrator is the one who, while keeping his eyes upon
think of libraries at all, is not a good substitute.
the needs of the whole system, has the ability to discover
the specialists who are needed to round out the work
It is housed in an imposing but cheerless build of the library, and to place each in his own particular
ing; it buys the books named in the A. L. A. niche.”
model catalogue; it classifies them upon the This is what Mr. Putnam has done with excel-
Dewey system ; and it has rules. To spend lent results in our national library at the cap-
“ hours ” in such a place may be profitable for ital; it is what several of our larger cities are
many practical purposes ; it is not likely to feed doing to the extent of which their resources will
the contemplative spirit, or prove stimulative to permit.
the production of essays in Stephen's manner. Discussing the same subject upon still broader
Along with this (probably inevitable) evolu- | groun ). President Faunee urged upon the Asso-


1907.]
67
THE DIAL
.
ciation the importance of encouraging the old been overcome, locality has been destroyed; the
“fattening” use of libraries as no less important
world is on wheels. What, then, so natural as the
than their use for purposes of research.
travelling library?
“The library must encourage slow, painful, thoughtful
We are probably indebted to the Scotch for the
reading The habit of reading as a substitute for
germ which has developed into this important sys-
thinking is worth nothing, but is sheer damage to the
tem of book-distribution. Early in the last century
mental fibre. . . Our students need to use books not (in 1810, I believe it was), a collection of religious
only as tools, but as friends. In the old days, when the tracts was circulated in Scotland, augmented a few
reading of college students was far more promiscuous years later by books of standard literature and
than to-day, they were accustomed to regard books al science. These “itinerant libraries," so-called,
most as personal acquaintances, and there was a genuine flourished for more than two decades, but finally
exchange and reaction of writer and reader. The modern
died a natural death. Thirty years after their disap-
method of reading is far more accurate and definite than
the older method, and is obviously effective in securing and somewhat later the Universities of Oxford and
pearance, Australia developed a peripatetic system,
results. But it must be supplemented by the browsing
of former days, by the large horizons which come from Cambridge sent out university extension libraries ;
being set free in the companionship of great minds.”
but the travelling library in this country dates from
The “hours in a library” which are spent in
1889, and owes its origin to Mr. Melvil Dewey,
hunting down references and verifying citations Direkte travelling library is simply an "extension of
are by no means wasted, but they are not the
the state library, or in some cases (as in Wisconsin)
hours that contribute to the strengthening of the of the county library, twenty-five or fifty or a hun-
tap-root of the intellectual life, nor are they the dred books being sent out at once and entrusted for
hours which, in the retrospect, are recalled as three months or six months to the care of a respon-
hours of unadulterated delight.
sible person who becomes a local or sub librarian.
This local librarian loans the books - to children
as well as to adults - under a simple code of regu-
lations, returning the entire library when it has
served its purpose, and receiving in exchange a new
THE PUBLIC LIBRARY AND THE
selection of books, thus keeping alive the interest of
the readers and stimulating them to read. Stations
CHILDREN.
are established in village shops and postoffices, often
It was not so very long ago that children in the in farm-houses at some distance from the towns but
public libraries, like dogs in the parks, were unwel conveniently located with reference to the rural
come unless kept in leash by a responsible attendant. population. In a number of states, travelling libra-
If one of tender years happened to stray into those rians are employed. The travelling librarian is
awful precincts alone, he was gently but firmly a real literary evangelist, preaching the gospel of
shown to the door and told to run away. But all
But all good books. He strengthens the hands of the local
this is changed now, and some of our public library librarian, revives the flagging interest, establishes
authorities are even raising the question whether the new centres of culture, and carries light into the
children are not getting more than their just share dark places. What a field of usefulness is open to
of attention, to the neglect of their elders.
him! Coming into personal contact with hundreds
The “story hour” which has come to be a recog of people, young and old, to whom the world of
nized institution in our best libraries is doing books is a terra incognita, he rescues many a country
as much as any other library influence to interest youth from intellectual starvation, fans in some the
children in good reading. A certain period is set
A certain period is set spark which shall kindle into genius, and in others
aside, — sometimes regularly each week, sometimes not so gifted stimulates the intelligent use of the
on special occasions or holidays, - when the chil powers which they possess insuring at least better
dren's librarian, or an expert story-teller from with crops and broader citizenship.
out who has both sympathy and discrimination, The transportation of the libraries from place to
gathers the children about her and tells them the place offers a problem which each state is working
tales that form the basis of our best literature. out for itself. In some localities, notably in the
Listening to stories is the natural approach to South, the railroads, recognizing the philanthropy
reading from books, and is the first step toward the in the idea which underlies this library movement,
acquisition of culture.
are shipping the libraries without charge. In other
But it is not only in the reading-room that chil- parts of the country, the local centre pays a nominal
dren are made to know and to love books. As amount to cover the cost of freight.
Mr. Dewey
Mahomet to the mountain, so the library goes to the strongly advocates, and has already put into commis-
child if the child will not come to it. The idea of sion in New York, a type of library wagon, driven
the peripatetic library - the “travelling library by a trained librarian, who, after the manner of the
as it is now generally called — is in line with mod religious colporteur of a former generation, goes
ern progress. In these twentieth-century days, space from station to station carrying his books with him.
has been annihilated by rail and steam, inertia has It may be asked how large a part the children have


68
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
66
in the travelling library. I answer, a very large part. must have, sympathy with the children who frequent
In most libraries from one-fourth to one-third of the the library, cannot come into that close relationship
books are adapted particularly to children's use, and with them which is enjoyed by the teacher, who has
children are among the most devoted readers. In them with her six hours in every day, Sundays and
a small village in New York State, a girl of thirteen holidays excepted, who directs their intellectual
recently drew from a travelling library during the progress and comes to know their needs more intel-
six months of its stay thirty-two books. A boy of ligently and often more sympathetically than even
fifteen drew twenty-five books. The statistics at
the parent.
other points show an interest almost as great.
These considerations have led to the development
Several of our large city libraries, notably the of a system in which the public library places its
Carnegie Library of Pittsburg and the New York resources at the command of the schools, the libra-
City Public Library, have adapted the travelling rian giving of her practical knowledge of the books
system to urban conditions, and are sending out into and the teacher of her knowledge of the child. The
the tenements trained children's librarians bearing librarian visits the school and talks to the children,
good books. The books, in libraries of from twelve tells them how to "find things ” in books, tells the
to twenty volumes, known as home libraries,” are younger ones a few good classic stories and suggests
placed in the hands of certain families who agree to where they may find others, tells the older ones how
take care of them for a specified time and to loan to use a card catalogue, how to run down a refer-
them to such neighbors as may wish to read. Little ence, where to find good material to help them in
circles are thus formed — for the most part of chil their history and geography. The teacher makes
dren, though grown-up members of the families join individual application of the librarian's generalities,
in them too. The library visitor comes once a week and fits a particular book to a particular want. The
and talks to them, telling them stories, such stories librarian is the specialist: she has at her fingers'
as are told to the library children during the “story ends the entire literary pharmacopæia, and is skilled
hour.” Then she makes the connection between the in the uses of all sorts of material; but the teacher
story and the book, taking a volume from the case is familiar with the child's constitution and habits-
and reading a few interesting pages from it. After a a sort of knowledge quite as important. Consulta-
friendly hour, she goes away leaving the seed to tion of this sort is in accord with modern practice,
germinate. When one set of books are read through, and is yielding pronounced results in schoolrooms
she brings a new set and takes the old ones back where it has been tried. The books are supplied
a little soiled, perhaps, but the city can well afford from the school library so far as the school library
to burn them and buy more, for the books are mak can meet the demand, but beyond that point the
ing citizens, and these children who are learning public library is drawn upon, and offers from its
to read good literature will not need as many police greater resources a wide range of reference material,
men to look after them a few years hence, thanks to and books on special subjects appropriate either to
the library visitor.
the work of the class or to the celebration of the
Nor does this far-reaching philanthropy stop with annual festivals and the birthdays of great men and
the reading of books. The library worker gains the women. These books are sent to the schoolroom for
confidence of parents as well as of children. She reference or distribution, and the school is thus
learns the troubles and discouragements of the lower made, in effect, a branch library,-or, if you please,
strata of society, and is able to give help. She does a travelling library station.
much of the work usually accomplished by the If the public library is convenient to the school,
"friendly visitor" of the charitable organizations, -and in villages it always should be,-the refer-
and does it more effectively; for the class that of ence work is often best done in the library itself.
all others is most in need of aid and sympathy is
This method has the double advantage of affording
shy in the presence of charity and often suspicious a quiet place in which the pupil may work without
of the church.
distraction, and of familiarizing him with the library
Another important movement in library extension – helping him to acquire the “ library habit.” If
has to do with the placing of libraries in the schools, the alliance of school and library accomplished
its aim being to bring into accord the work of the nothing beyond this, it would be well worth all the
two great educational influences of the present age efforts that have been put forth in its behalf.
— the public library and the public school. When The object sought by both librarian and teacher
one stops to consider the many points at which the is the culture of the child, particularly the develop-
work of the librarian and the teacher overlap, it will ment in him of a discriminating love of books ; for
be seen that a great saving of energy and an enor this is the straight road to culture. The child is
mous gain in efficiency must result from this union. placed, by law, under the influence of the teacher
The function of the library is to put the right book during just those years when, if ever, the reading
into the right hands, — not only into the hands that habit is formed and the trend given which deter-
are outstretched for it, but into those that most need mines the child's intellectual life. It is a critical
it. The librarian, busied with the details of admin period, and no agency should be overlooked which
istrative work, - purchasing, classifying, catalogu can contribute toward the end in view.
ing, keeping in order, - though she may have, and In such ways as these the public library is reach.


1907.]
69
THE DIAL
ing out after the children. In the country farm- | by Pater in his early years, and can show that he wrote
house, in the city tenement, and in the schoolroom, thousands of such lines. (3) It has been said without
as well as under its own roof-tree, it is bringing to
contradiction that Pater was popular at school. Mr.
them the knowledge of a great new world—a world
Wright shows on the contrary that nobody could have
of opportunity, of encouragement, of delight. It is
been more unpopular there. (4) It has been set down
again and again in print that Pater's chief interest in
extending their vision over distant lands and bygone
his early life was philosophy. It was not so. His chief
centuries, acquainting them with the secrets of
interest during his youth and early manhood was En-
nature and the mysteries of science, opening their glish literature. (5) Students of Pater will remember
hearts to the sweet influences of poetry, and point that a biographer asserts that his metaphysical studies
ing out to them the paths of wisdom and of right did not destroy his strong religious instinct. On the
eousness.
WALTER TAYLOR FIELD.
contrary they did, and for many years Pater was quite
severed from religion. (6) The legend found in most
accounts of Pater the legend that he wrote very few
letters - is proved quite a falsification of the facts in
Mr. Wright's • life.' He wrote an enormous number of
CASUAL COMMENT.
letters --- as many as four hundred to a single friend,
THE PRICES OF ENGLISH NOVELS, more particularly
and most of them long letters.” Well, we shall see
what we shall see. As to the fifth item, Mr. Wright
the prices at which they sell best, are discussed in a re-
cently reported interview with that veteran publisher of
would seem to have set himself a difficult task, - to
read the mind's construction in the writings of a man,
sixty years' experience, Mr. Edward Marston, whose
octogenarian reminiscences were lately reviewed in our
and to read it so accurately as to tell just when faith
pages. His observations are pertinent at this time of a sup-
and when skepticism predominated. It is pretty well
known that at Pater's death he was thinking seriously
posed demand for a reduction in book-prices — in strik-
ing contrast with the marked advance in all the costs of
of taking orders.
manufacture. Many of Wilkie Collins's novels were pub “SUBTERRANEAN LITERATURE” IN GERMANY appears
lished by the firm with which Mr. Marston was so long to have as large a sale as in our own and other coun-
connected; and it is a curious fact that, whereas these tries. The monster editions of such hair-raisers as
works had an enormous sale in their three-volume form “Jack the Ripper," and similar manuals for the fitting
at half a guinea a volume, and generally a good sale in of vagrant youth to follow careers of crime, pass unno-
the one-volume form at six shillings, at two shillings they ticed, in fact unsuspected, by the readers of Walter
fell fat. (Query: might not this have been partly dùe Pater, of Mr. Meredith, and of Mr. Henry James. But
to their having been already widely read in periodicals?) a German authority says that issues of seven hundred
In the same way, all of Mr. Blackmore's novels were thousand copies of what we used to know here as “dime
very successful as “three-deckers,” and afterward not novels” are not unusual. Indeed, the dime novel, now
unsuccessful as six-shilling one-volume books; but they apparently suffering a decline in this country, is ravag-
sold much less readily when offered for half a crown ing the land of the Teutons, where most of the boys are
with the single exception of “Lorna Doone.” And said to prefer an American Indian story to any other
thereby hangs a tale. The issue of this ever-charming tale. The frontier adventures of trappers and scouts,
story chanced to fall at the time of the marriage of the prairie perils from wolves and redskins, the mighty
Princess Louise to the Marquis of Lorne, and the im encounters with the formidable grizzly bear — all these
pression prevailed that Lorna and Lorne were in some make the young heart of Germany beat with rib-rending
way connected,— a mistake that proved advantageous throbs. This interest in stories of the Mohawk brand
to all concerned. In the case of Black's novels the same dates back as far as 1823, when Cooper's novels began
pronounced disinclination to buy cheap editions mani to fire the blood of the juvenile reader. Imitators were
fested itself, and the half-crown reprints caused a serious not slow in following the trail blazed by the master; and
loss to the publishers. Mr. Marston's experience seems to now he is a feeble writer who cannot out-Cooper Cooper
show that, leaving out of account the “penny dreadfuls” by several hundred thrills per volume. There are said
and the “shilling shockers," the British public prefers to be at present in Germany some five hundred firms
to buy its favorite fiction at a fair price, or about six engaged in the production of Cooperesque tales, with
shillings; and this preference is further illustrated by the three thousand travelling salesmen to place the direful
poor sale of short novelettes unless they are made up and output on the market. The illustrations vie with the
offered in six-shilling form, even though the matter con text in sensational quality, and (alas !) a book of about
tained be but a third or a quarter of that in the ordinary two hundred and fifty pages can be bought for less than
novel.
our dime.
WHY MR. WRIGHT IS TO GIVE US A NEW LIFE OF AN IRRITATING PRACTICE AMONG LIBRARY WORKERS
Pater is explained in the publisher's announcement of is touched upon by the Boston “ Transcript” in the
the forthcoming volume. The biographer wishes to course of some recent commendatory remarks about
correct a number of “ staggering errors said to have that energetic and indispensable library monthly,
been committed by previous biographers. “(1) It has “Public Libraries,” which has just entered upon its
been asserted that in boyhood and youth Pater showed twelfth year. The practice referred to is that of libra-
no precocious signs of a desire to write. Mr. Wright rians and library journals in the use, or rather the non-
shows that he was perhaps the most voluminous boy use, of capital letters and quotation marks. “What
author who ever lived. (2) It has been asserted that good does it do,” asks the “Transcript,” “to omit
in childhood Pater never wrote poetry except a few these from book titles, until an appearance of almost
humorous verses. Mr. Wright has in his own posses entire illiteracy is obtained ? If it saves the time of
sion many hundreds of lines of serious poetry written the compositor it wastes that of the reader, for he has


70
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
to go back and read the title a second time to find out ultimately make it my subject and give a large portion
where it begins and ends. We know that this is the of my life to it.” Surely there is need of a prophet's
result of a library philosophy which taught that anything wisdom in treating our vexed negro problem, and who
on earth could be sacrificed in order to save a few knows what this prophetic novelist may accomplish if
seconds' time, but that does not endear it to us. . . . he carries out his half-formed plan? Half the serious-
Because our ancestors used what seems now an unnec ness he bestows on his mammoth rats and long-tailed
essary number of capital letters, we are not justified in comets and all the marvellous creations of the marvel-
trying to abolish them altogether, any more than the lous future might well be given to a few of the pressing
fact that those ancestors wore lace, frills, and long wigs problems of the living present.
justifies us in suddenly rushing into the street without
any clothes at all.” It is sincerely to be hoped that
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL WORK IN LIBRARIES can be made
“ Public Libraries” may see fit to take the lead in doing both creditable and useful, as is shown by the Cambridge
away with some of these confusing, distressing, and (Mass.) Public Library, which has expended a part of
freakish practices which, along with certain orthograph its surplus energy in preparing and publishing a biblio-
ical deformities, have crept into tolerance among library graphy of Colonel Higginson. Few writers live to see
workers.
a bibliography of their work that covers sixty-three years
DREAMS OF AN ENDOWED THEATRE may still be per-
of literary activity, as this one does; and it is still more
remarkable that in using this little book, as the veteran
mitted to hopeful souls, in spite of the fact that some
author has used it since its appearance, he is reported
recent local experiments in that direction could hardly
be called inspiring.
as unable to find a single error of importance. Four of
It may be that the idea may yet
be worked out on a national basis; and it is to this
Mr. Higginson's books have been translated into French,
three into German, one into Italian, and one into modern
form of that Mme. Ristori addresses herself in her
Greek. Considering the difficulty, the impossibility
article in the January “Putnam," written but a few
weeks before her death, -- an article prompted by her
rather, of turning dialect into another tongue, one notes
interest in and her enthusiastic recollections of Amer-
with surprise a French “ Vie Militaire dans un Regiment
Noir.” Seventy-eight books and articles about Mr. Hig-
ica, and by her reading in the theatrical journals some
announcements of a project to establish an endowed
ginson are entered in this interesting list.
national theatre in New York. She deplores the present RURAL FREE DELIVERY FOR LIBRARIES is following
state of affairs in the theatrical world, with its numerous
"stars" and countless companies, all scrambling for a
in the wake of rural free delivery of letters, and, ac-
cording to reports, with equally happy results. A good
livelihood, to the detriment of high art and the dis-
illustration is furnished by the Free Library of Hagers-
comfort of artists. “Should the example of Rome and
town, Maryland, whose library-wagon is now in the third
Milan be generally followed,” she writes, in very hope-
year of its beneficent work of dispensing intellectual
ful vein, after referring to the endowed theatres in
pabulum to the neighboring rural regions. Besides this,
those two cities, “the art of acting will steadily advance;
over sixty deposit stations are maintained throughout
we shall have fewer stars, but more really good com the county, and supplies of books are sent out regularly
panies. This is the solution of the difficulty that we
to numerous day schools and Sunday-schools. Although
have reached in Italy, and I shall be deeply interested
but five years old, this enterprising library circulates
in seeing how the same problem is solved in America."
more than eighty-five thousand volumes annually with
only about seventeen thousand volumes wherewith to
BRUNETIÈRE'S SUCCESSOR IN THE FRENCH ACADEMY
achieve this result. Can a better record than this be
is yet unnamed, and the question of a choice is of shown?
interest to many outside of France as well as within.
Mistral has been spoken of, and doubtless deserves the
THE PUBLIC LIBRARY AS AN EDUCATIONAL FORCE
honor. But there is a difficulty. Our Provence poet
is evidently growing in importance. An aggressively
is seventy-six years old, and at that age the grooves
managed institution of this sort is that at Grand Rapids,
are commonly worn so deep that there is a rude jolt in
Michigan, as appears from a recent circular issued by
getting out of them. He would have to visit Paris at
it under the title, “ The Right Start,” which is sent out
least once if he accepted Academic honors, and Paris
to the young people of the city, with a personal letter
from the librarian.
he has never loved. In fact, he has seldom left his pa-
“ Have you ever thought of con-
ternal acres since the day when, asked what he meant
tinuing your education while you are at work?” asks
to be, he replied, “A poet.” With remarkable and
the circular; and it proceeds to make known the great
admirable persistency he has remained true to his high
educational opportunity open to all who choose to fre-
calling and has lived the life he purposed to live. A
quent the library, attend its free lecture courses, inspect
lonely and even pathetic figure he may appear, holding
its exhibitions, and read its books and periodicals. Such
himself aloof from the great world and deploring the
enterprise speaks well for the institution, and for the
mad rush of his countrymen from rural quiet and peace
community in which it is located.
to urban din and strife; but there is grandeur in his
THE SMALLEST BOOK EVER PRINTED has just been pub-
solitude, and sublimity in his high ideal of religion and
lished at Padua by the Salmin Brothers. This miniature
beauty as inseparably connected with a peaceful country
life.
curiosity measures only ten by six millimetres (about
three-eighths by one-quarter of an inch) --- a veritable
AN ANNOUNCEMENT FROM MR. H. G. WELLs which thumb-nail volume, or in fact much smaller than any but
will interest Americans, and especially those who are a Tom Thumb's thumb-nail. Each page has nine lines,
students of the race question, is found in the following and though the print is extremely small it is perfectly
words attributed to him. “I have dealt,” he says, in clear and legible — to good eyes. This tiny booklet
speaking of his writings on America,“ very frankly with contains a hitherto unpublished letter from Galileo to
the color question, and it is quite possible that I may Christina of Lorena.


1907.]
71
THE DIAL
Curtius collaborated. We have, then, not an
The New Books.
autobiography, nor in the ordinary sense a bio-
graphy, but instead an annotated compilation
THE HOHENLOHE MEMOIRS.*
of material upon which the Prince had expected
Since the publication of Busch’s life and let-
to draw in refreshing his memory and in round-
ters of Bismarck, no book has created the stir ing out the story of his life. Private letters and
in official Germany that has been roused by the journals constitute the bulk of this material,
“ Memoirs of Prince Chlodwig of Hohenlohe-
which has been made public, “ so far,” to quote
Schillingsfuerst.” Lieutenant Bilse's " In einer Curtius," as publication seems advisable.” This
kleinen Garnison" provoked indeed a tempest,
limitation
appears
to have been taken somewhat
but the teapot was small and soon emptied. easily, for certainly very much is included that
This time, however, the matter is more serious.
so tactful a diplomat as Prince von Hohenlohe
The Emperor has reproved the eldest son of the
would have hesitated to give to the public. The
late Prince for permitting the indiscretion of struggle, resulting from aggression, compro-
publication ; he has shifted the responsibility mise, and concession, out of which the national
upon his brother, Prince Alexander, and he in unity of Germany was born, is still so recent
turn upon Professor Curtius ; while the latter that it possesses personal rather than historical
blames the importunate publisher. Doubtless
interest. To the historian of the next century
the printer's devil is the one ultimately to blame.
these memoirs will be invaluable in portraying
Prince Chlodwig von Hohenlohe-Schillings- the characters of William I., Bismarck, and
fuerst was a Bavarian statesman, and during other leaders and participants in it; but to-day
the important years 1867-1870 was at the head many a statement must seem to those pe on-
of the Bavarian ministry. Prior to that time he ally interested as a slur upon the memory of
had filled a series of diplomatic positions that dear friends.
took him, first or last, to nearly every European
A few instances of such indiscretion may be
capital. As a prince of the blood and related
of interest. Thus, in speaking of the eightieth
to various royal houses, connected by intimate birthday of William I., the Prince mentioned
family ties with Protestantism though himself
in his diary a dinner at Bismarck's at which
a Roman Catholic, possessed of great wealth Marie von Bismarck told him that he was the
and broad culture, he was not only brought into only man upon whom her father could rely, and
intimate connection with all the leading men of that he had often thought of him when he was
his time, but in his diplomatic career he was
tired of vexations and wanted to resign. The
informed as to the negotiations that led to many
diary continues :
a check and counter-check in the political game
“ Afterwards I spoke with Gontaut. I think the Im-
of modern Europe. As a member of the Reichs-
perial Chancellor attaches much too much importance
to him. He is, after all, an insignificant chatterbox. In
tag after the establishment of the Empire, then the same way Bismarck makes too much of the claptrap
as Ambassador at Paris from 1874 to 1885, and of the Empress."
from 1885 to 1894 as governor at Strassburg, Again, in 1880, he sketches the situation as
he was not only in close touch with Bismarck follows:
up to the latter's retirement from office, but “ The Chancellor is at Varzin in a nervous state, and
was intimately associated with the Emperor hesitates to come because he is afraid that the Kaiser
William I. and his successors. From 1894 till and everyone else will give him too much to do here.
almost the end of his life he was Imperial not remember what he has signed, and becomes rude at
The Kaiser is losing his memory to some extent, does
Chancellor, resigning from that office in the
times when he hears that something has happened which
Autumn of 1900.
he thinks he has not been told about.”
Upon the occasion of his eighty-second birth Bismarck's feigning illness, and his continual
day, in March following his retirement from threats of resigning, are repeatedly mentioned.
office, the Prince requested Professor Friedrich Thus, in 1872 the Prince states :
Curtius to help him write his memoirs. He did
“Yesterday a rumor was spread that Bismarck was
not, however, live even to begin the work, and again unwell, and that he would have to retire to the
the task of fulfilling his wishes was left to his
country for six months. As I had seen him some few
son, Prince Alexander, with whom Professor days previous looking fresh and healthy, I thought this
was curious, and I expected he was simply playing
MEMOIRS OF PRINCE OF CHLODWIG HOHENLOHE-SCHILLINGS truant. This was the case. Bismarck has difficulties
FUERST. Authorized by Prince Alexander of Hohenlohe-Schil-
lingsfuerst, and edited by Friedrich Curtius. English edition
with the Emperor. His powerful and imperious nature
supervised by George W. Chrystal, B.A. In two volumes, with
cannot stand the pressure which the old gentleman
photogravure portraits. New York: The Macmillan Co. brings to bear upon him.”
..


72
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
But enough ; such passages are of frequent an ultra-Conservative and opposed the Frank-
occurrence. Whatever else they amount to, furt resolution calling for a Constituent National
they certainly tend to obscure “the awe and Assembly, for he regarded it as practical an-
majesty of kings” by bringing them down to a archy. The subsequent course of events fully
very human level ; and so they certainly do not justified his position. His feeling toward the
tend to further the desire of William II. to Churoh was much the same. In faith, he wanted
have his grandfather go down to posterity as something vital. Speaking of the fact that many
“ William the Great." Indeed, one most inter educated men are either devoid of faith or accept
esting thing in the book is the way in which the ordinances of the Church only as a matter
Prince von Hohenlohe was constantly called of form, he says:
upon to be the “ buffer” between Bismarck and “ But will such conventional homage to the Church
William I. Sometimes his influence was sought endure? Will not the effects of this knowledge without
by one party, sometimes by the other. Thus,
faith spread to those classes of society which can have
in 1879, in the matter of the alliance with Aus-
no interest in subordinating themselves to the Church
and her dogmas, to the discipline and mortification
tria, Bismarck summoned the Prince, talked
which she imposes? Will not a total collapse be the
him over to his view, and then sent him to the end, or rather has it not even now begun to spread
Emperor. Bismarck was threatening to resign, among the lower classes? ... And if this result comes
the Emperor to abdicate; but the Prince was
about, we must face the bankruptcy of faith, a catas-
trophe which must infallibly lead to the collapse of the
able to settle the matter. In October, 1874,
whole structure of modern civilization. For all that, it
the Chancellor and the Emperor had some diffi would be childish to regret the discoveries of natural
culty over the speech from the throne. The science. They are for a wise and useful end, because
Emperor wished to “ water down” what Bis they have their place in the development of mankind."
marck had written in regard to foreign affairs. At about the same date the Prince said, in
The Prince thus reports his conversation with another discussion of the same problem, “ I be-
the Emperor :
lieve that mankind will create for itself a form of
“The Emperor quoted the passage from memory,
faith adapted to it, and become religious again.”
and said he feared it was open to the construction that This certainly shows a broader outlook upon re-
we were prepared to make war again upon France. And ligious matters, as well as a saner forecast of half
this was out of the question. He was too old to begin
another war, and feared that Prince Bismarck was try-
a century's development, than can be claimed for
ing to drag him little by little into fresh hostilities.
many less orthodox believers than was Hohen-
This was why he was so suspicious. I said that if the lohe ; indeed, he never seems to have shrunk
Prince had any such intention I must have been the first from any advance that meant true progress.
to know of it, but that I had not the faintest inkling of
His attitude as a member of the Catholic
anything of the kind. That passage of the speech
referred not to coalitions against us, but to the insinua- Church and as a German patriot is strikingly
tions that had been got up against us. The Emperor shown in the following paragraph regarding the
stroked his beard, and said, without replying to my expulsion of the Jesuits :
argument, 'I shall fall out with Prince Bismarck again “I can never admit that a Jesuit can do anything
over this matter, and it would gratify me if you would independently of his superiors. The discipline of the
put it before him once more from my point of view.'”
Order is much too strict for that. . . . If the Jesuits
But to turn from this phase of the memoirs agitate in Posen and in Alsace, they do this under the
to those features that give the book more per-
command of their superiors, empowered by their Order;
and for this it is answerable. When the Jesuit Father
manent interest. One of the characteristics of Schrader, in his book, The Pope and Modern Ideas,
statesmanship is the ability to read the signs of advanced a whole system of theories dangerous to the
the times. This ability Prince von Hohenlohe State; if the Civilta Cattolica and the Korrespondenz of
possessed. Thus, in an article on the political Geneva ... the first under the eyes of the Pope, and the
latter with his expressed approval — both being edited
condition of Germany in 1847 he points out that by Jesuits, both proclaim the sovereignty of the Church
“ It is a mistake to try to dam the Revolution over the State; when the local Bavarian papers, under
by liberal reforms in the individual States with the control of the Jesuit Father Weisser, daily preach the
out reforming Germany as a whole.” He sin- shattering of the State; when the Osservatore Romano,
conducted by Jesuits, reminds us that no heretic can be
cerely desired a united Germany, but what he
Emperor of Germany, that the Pope must dethrone him
wanted was “a real, politically efficacious unity,' and the people drive him away,
then these are no
and till the various governments would approach • rash journalistic excesses,' but facts of such impor-
the problem in a serious and self-sacrificing tance that no one can shut his eyes to them. From the
spirit he was opposed to the so-called progress
Catholic standpoint, it may be regrettable that we are
not a Catholic country with a Catholic dynasty. But
and to concessions which he felt led directly to
this objective complaint must not be made the spring
revolution. At this time he took the ground of of political action, and it can still less be tolerated that


1907.]
73
THE DIAL
anyone in Germany makes it the starting-point of an Emperor communicated through Hahnke. The Prince
attack upon the Empire. This the Jesuits have done hesitated, but gave in his resignation on March 18...,
since the institution of their Order, and to this they The question at issue was, as the Emperor went on to
are committed, — that is, to the violent extermination say, whether the Hohenzollern dynasty or the Bismarck
of Protestantism. What will happen if we tolerate ten dynasty should reign."
dencies for which we have to thank the Thirty Years'
The memoirs afford delightful glimpses of the
War, and which can lead to nothing else than a renewal
of the Wars of Religion? I am therefore always of the
Prince's private life, of his genial and imperturb-
opinion that the German people must expel the Jesuits able good temper, of his cultured appreciation
in self-defence; and if you object that I, as a Catholic of poetry and art. Space forbids further cita-
Prince, have no right to participate in this, I answer that tions, even when that is the only way to give a
I am in all things a German Prince, and as such must do
my duty.”
just impression of the work. The translation,
One exceedingly interesting feature of the supervised by Mr. George W. Chrystal, B. A.,
One exceedingly interesting feature of the is satisfactory and apparently adequate. The
memoirs is the light thrown upon the relations
of Bismarck and the present Emperor of Ger-
typography is worthy of special commendation.
The chief source of regret is that Prince von
many. The question has been much discussed
Hohenlohe did not live to supervise the prepa-
and much befogged, but in a passage in the
ration of the work; in that case those elements
journal is an account of a conversation in which
that have provoked censure would doubtless
the Emperor gives his version of the affair.
have been omitted, and the whole work rounded
“ The Emperor related the whole story of his differ-
out into a biography in the ordinary sense of
ence with Bismarck without interruption. He said that
the term.
relations had become strained as early as December.
LEWIS A. RHOADES.
The Emperor then desired that something should be
done upon the question of the workmen. The Chancellor
objected. The Emperor's view was that the Govern-
ment did not take the initiative, the Reichstag - in THE LIBRARIAN AND HIS CHARGE.*
other words, the Socialists, the Centre, and the Pro-
gressives — would take the matter in hand, and that the As long ago as the middle of the seventeenth
Government would be forced to follow them. The
century, to go no further back, the librarie-
Chancellor desired to bring the Socialist law, including keeper” was conscious of the dignity of his call-
once again, to dissolve the Reichstag if it rejected the ing and the precious nature of his charge. A
law, and to take energetic measures in the event of a quaintly interesting series of reprints, styled
revolt. The Emperor objected to this policy, saying collectively, 6. Literature of Libraries in the
that if his grandfather had been forced to deal with Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries," is now
rebels after a long and glorious reign, no one would
have thought the worse of him. But he was himself in appearing, under the careful editorship of Mr.
a different position, for he had as yet achieved nothing.
John Cotton Dana, public librarian at Newark,
. . He was ready enough to act, but he wished to be N. J., and Mr. Henry W. Kent, librarian of the
able to act with a clear conscience, and first to make an Grolier Club in New York. The first four num-
attempt to satisfy the legitimate grievances of the
bers of the set of six are Cotton des Houssayes's
workmen, and at least to do everything that was possi-
Sorbonne address - The Duties and Qualifi-
ble to fulfil their justifiable demands. In a conference
with his ministers, the Emperor therefore demanded
cations of a Librarian,” John Durie's two letters
that decrees should be drafted containing those pro- to Samuel Hartlib on “ The Reformed Librarie-
visions which the decrees afterward secured. Bismarck Keeper,“' Rev. James Kirkwood's two tracts on
declined to hear of it. The Emperor then brought the
founding parochial libraries in Scotland, and
matter before the Cabinet Council, and eventually se-
cured the proposal of the decrees notwithstanding Bis-
Sir Thomas Bodley's autobiography and first
marck's opposition. Bismarck, however, was secretly draft of statutes of the library founded by him
working against him. . . . This friction had consider at Oxford.
ably disturbed the relations between Bismarck and the
It was in December, 1780, that the modest and
Emperor, and these were further strained by the ques-
tion of the Cabinet Order of 1852. Bismarck had often
learned scholar, the Abbé Cotton des Houssayes
advised the Emperor to grant the ministers access to (1727-1783), delivered his brief address, in
himself; and this was done. But when communication Latin, on assuming a librarian's duties at the
between the Emperor and his ministers became more Sorbonne. Publication speedily followed, and
frequent, Bismarck took offence, became jealous, and
revived the Cabinet Order of 1852 in order to break
• LITERATURE OF LIBRARIES IN THE SEVENTEENTH AND
EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES. Edited by John Cotton Dana and
communications between the Emperor and the minis-
Henry W. Kent. 1. The Duties & Qualifications of a Librarian.
ters. The Emperor protested, and demanded the repeal By Jean-Baptiste Cotton des Houssayes. 2. The Reformed
of the Cabinet Order; Bismarck made a show of con Librarie-Keeper. By John Dury. 3. Two Tracts on the Found-
sent, but nothing was done in the matter. The Emperor
ing and Maintaining of Parochial Libraries in Scotland. By
James Kirkwood. 4. The Life of Sir Thomas Bodley, written
therefore demanded that he should either issue an order
by himself, together with the First Draught of the Statutes of
of repeal or hand in his resignation. This decision the the Publick Library at Oxon. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co.
on


74
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
translations, in both French and English, have Strictly speaking, of course, at the time of
appeared. The version now printed claims to these appointments the medals and library could
be only partly new, but it commends itself to the not be called “the king's"; but whether serv
reader as a scholarly piece of work. A selected ing king or parliament or commonwealth, Durie
passage emphasizing the librarian's high calling was assistant library-keeper for a few years
and needed qualifications will convey an idea of before he resumed his restless wanderings and
the whole. Throughout the treatise, its author his unsuccessful labors for Protestant unity.
shows himself awake to his possibilities of use No whit less than our French Abbé did he feel
fulness, and at the furthest possible remove from the dignity of his calling and the great future
the position taken by that ease-loving Bodleian opening to all library workers, as a brief extract
librarian who felt that his post would not be will make evident.
so very disagreeable if only the -ed visitors
“For if Librarie-keepers did understand themselvs
would keep away.
in the nature of their work, and would make themselvs,
“ Your librarian, gentlemen, is in some sort your
as they ought to bee, useful in their places in a publick
official representative. To him is remitted the deposit
waie; they ought to becom Agents for the advancement
of your glory. Thus, therefore, your librarian
of universal Learning: and to this effect I could wish,
should be, above all, a learned and profound theologian;
that their places might not bee made, as everie where
but to this qualification, which I shall call fundamental,
they are, Mercenarie, but rather Honorarie; and that
should be united vast literary acquisitions, an exact and
with the competent allowance of two hundred pounds
precise knowledge of all the arts and sciences, great
a year; som emploiments should bee put upon them
facility of expression, and, lastly, that exquisite polite-
further than a bare keeping of the Books."
ness which conciliates the affection of his visitors while What some of these “
What some of these “emploiments" are, he
his merit secures their esteem. A librarian truly worthy proceeds to specify; and it almost startles the
of the name should, if I may be permitted the expression,
have explored in advance every region of the empire reader to find how many modern ideas are
of letters, to enable him afterwards to serve as a faithful clothed in his quaint and antique phraseology
guide to all who may desire to survey it.”
and spelling. He very sensibly favors an expan-
Emerson's slighting reference to the librarian sive system of book location, but his scheme of
as a man in whom we are not to look for learning classification is amusingly rudimentary to a
merely because he lives among books, would twentieth-century librarian. This little volume,
have certainly incensed the erudite Abbé. His like its companion, is irreproachable in style
discourse, though not exceeding two thousand and finish. Yet one queries why the editors
words in length, is full of sensible ideas, and chose to depart from the old spelling of Durie's
ideas which, however familiar now, must have name, printing it “ Dury," which would have
appeared advanced” in the speaker's day. looked strange to its owner.
The editors' bibliographical and prefatory mat “ An Overture for Founding and Maintain-
ter is all that could be desired ; and the compo- ing Bibliothecks in every Paroch throughout
sition, press-work, and binding of the book are the Kingdom,” published anonymously at Edin-
equally excellent.
burgh in 1699, is now, we are assured by its
The Letters of John Durie (1596-1680) on present editors, a tract of great rarity. Its
“ The Reformed Librarie-Keeper" antedate the authorship is traced to the Presbyterian minister,
Abbé's little tract by a century and a quarter. James Kirkwood (1650-1708), a brief sketch
The writer's active and somewhat troubled life of whose life precedes the reprint of the above-
as a religious reformer receives due attention named tract, to which is added a second, dealing
in an introductory “ Biographical Sketch” by with the same general subject, and entitled “A
Miss Ruth Shepard Granniss; but the occur Copy of a Letter anent a Project for erecting a
rence of the word “ graft,” even in quotation Library in every Presbytery, or at least County,
marks, tends to give one a slight shock, as a in the Highlands.” It is by means of this second
little out of keeping with the tone, the atmos little treatise that the authorship of the first is
phere, the sober decorum of the little volume as determined, but when or where it was originally
a whole. Durie's friendship with Samuel Hart- published, the editors do not say; nor do they
lib, and his family connection, as father-in-law, venture any assertion as to whether our philan-
with Henry Oldenburg, bring him indirectly thropist's endeavors bore fruit. Undoubtedly
into interesting association with Milton. The he was ahead of his age: the times were not ripe
biographical sketch informs us that in 1649 for public libraries. Yet the ultimate results of
Bulstrode Whitelock was appointed keeper of his zeal may have been considerable. Among
the king's medals and library,” and that John other curious details of his scheme is one whereby
Durie was soon afterward named as his assistant. the time allowed for retaining each volume was


1907.)
75.
THE DIAL
to depend on its size and the distance of the workmanship that characterizes the other three.
borrower's home from the library. Our first As a whole, this series promises to be a delight
subscription library, that founded by Franklin to the bibliophile as well as to the librarian.
in Philadelphia, had a somewhat similar rule. The two numbers still to appear are : a transla-
The exalted motives to Kirkwood's exertions in tion of Justus Lipsius's “ De Bibliothecis Syn-
this field find partial expression in the following tagma,” Antwerp, 1602; and Gabriel Naudé's
sentence :
“ News from France. Or, A Description of the
“Seeing God hath made all men by nature desirous Library of Cardinal Mazarini," London, 1652.
of Knowledge, undoubtedly the satisfying of this desire,
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
must be a considerable part of our natural felicity; for
the only delight of our Souls, which are our better part,
in which the Body doth not partake, is the delight She
taketh in Knowledge and Contemplation."
THE RED PLANET MARS.*
Mr. Birrell's pleasant essay,
66 In the Name
of the Bodleian," which forms the title-chapter
During the present year the planet Mars,
to his latest collection of essays, must have which has given astronomers so merry a chase
aroused in many readers a fresh interest in Sir during the past few years, arrives at one of the
Thomas Bodley (1544–1613), founder of the favorable oppositions when its distance from
famous Oxford University library that bears the earth will be less than forty millions of
his name.
The fourth number of the series miles, and details upon its surface will therefore
under review contains his “ Life,” written by be more easily seen than they usually are.
himself, and his “ First Draught of the Statutes
Since public curiosity will soon be aroused,
of the Public Library at Oxon.” A preface by there is a certain timeliness in the nearly sim-
Miss Granniss gives further details about both
ultaneous publication of two books upon our
the man and his library to eke out the modest interesting neighbor.
record he himself has given of his doings. Of
The first of these is an essay by Professor
his benefactions to the university where he both
E. S. Morse, who has spent most of his long life
studied and taught, he says very little, according in zoological studies. The study of life
the
upon
more space to his honors and achievements as a earth has produced in him an intense interest in
diplomat, but limiting his entire autobiography the question as to whether intelligent life exists
(written in 1609) to some three thousand words.
in other worlds. Believing that any man pos-
His “ Statutes ” run to nearly twice that length, sessing a fair amount of intelligence is compe-
and from them we take a short
tent to make a critical estimate of the work of
passage
illustrate the benevolent writer's old-fashioned
astronomers upon Mars, he has essayed the task
charm of style.
of sitting as judge upon their labors, of sifting
“ Above all things, that may concern the Preservation
the observational evidence at hand and pro-
of this our publick Place of Study, or the Benefit, Use, nouncing judgment in no hesitant fashion. The
and Ease of those that shall frequent it, it is deemed reader must not expect to find in the book the
expedient, that some one be deputed to the Custody of
calm attitude of the man of science who looks
it, that is noted and known for a diligent Student, and in
all his Conversation to be Trusty, Active, and Discreet;
at the matter in band from all sides, examines
a Graduat also, and a Linguist, not encumbred with Mar-
the evidence
pro
and
con, and then states his
riage, nor with a Benefice of Cure. For it cannot stand conclusions with the modesty which befits one
with piety, that such a Charge should admit the continual who is aware of the uncertainties pertaining to
Society of other publick Imployments; and Marriage is
the subject. The present author takes the view-
too full of Domestical Impeachments, to afford him so
much time from his private Affairs, as almost every
point, rather, of the special pleader, marshals
Day's necessity of his private Presence will require." the evidence that bolsters up the theory he is
Bodley's regard for books amounted almost advancing, ridicules opinions divergent from his
to reverence. Remembering the sad fate of own, and leaves the reader in a state of wonder
previous public collections of books at Oxford, as to what arguments might be advanced on the
he prescribed a penalty of instant and igno-
other side of the question. Such a course, how-
minious ejection from the university for so ever, when adopted by a man whose rhetorical
much as making “any Change in any Line or ability is undoubted, at least leads to the pro-
Lines, Word or Words, Syllable or Letter, in duction of a very readable book.
any Author whatsoever,” or for being even an The general trend of Professor Morse's argu-
involuntary witness to such wicked act without * MARS AND ITS MYSTERY.
denouncing the offender within three days. This
Illustrations. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co.
MARS AND ITS CANALS. By Percival Lowell. Illustrated in
volume is marked by the same excellence of photogravure, etc. New York: The Macmillan Co.
to
By Edward S. Morse.
With


76
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
ment is as follows: First, life in other worlds object, would draw on paper the features which had been
is inherently probable. Second, a network of plainly revealed to them, consisting of definite shaded
lines marks the surface of Mars. Third, the
regions, a number of canals and other markings, of which,
with the utmost scrutiny, I could hardly detect a trace.”
lines are most easily accounted for on the sup-
position that they mark the courses of irrigating physical conditions on Mars may be so very
In replying to the natural objection that
canals. Fourth, these irrigating canals have
different from those on the earth that such forms
been constructed by intelligent beings. This
simple line of argument the author elaborates, there, the author has written a very interesting
of life as we know may not be able to exist
enlivening nearly every chapter with personal
allusions to well-known astronomers who have chapter in which he shows the astonishing va-
had the fortune, or the misfortune, to express forms exists upon the earth. Animals of mar-
riety of circumstances under which life of various
opinions upon Mars. He has apparently
overstepped the limits of polite language when
vellous delicacy live at the bottom of the ocean
in darkness and under a pressure of many tons
he makes the following comments upon some
to the square inch. Some forms of plant-life
astronomers and astronomical writers whom he
thrive in water nearly at the freezing point, and
mentions by name :
“But what could we expect of the mentality of the
others exist in that which is almost ready to
senior assistant of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich,
boil. Even men live in temperatures ranging
who, with the great vault of heaven crowded with
from 130° in the shade to 70° below zero; they
enigmas awaiting an answer, should waste a particle of can work at an altitude of 19,000 feet, or under
gray matter in trying to ascertain precisely where Joshua an atmospheric pressure of twenty-five or thirty
stood when he commanded the Sun to stand still so that
he could have a little more time for his bloody work." pounds to the square inch, without injury.
“I appeal to any honest and unprejudiced mind if a
Anyone who is at all interested in the ques-
more incompetent person of the class to which he belongs tion of the existence of intelligent life in other
could have been found in England for the Directorship worlds may well pass a pleasant evening in
of such a body.”
perusing the pages of this entertaining book.
“ His attempt is as childish and ridiculous as the
theory he conjures up.”
Of a very different sort is Professor Lowell's
“ This is certainly a happy thought of the reverend
author, only it would seem in this case that a larger and
latest book on “ Mars and Its Canals." Eleven
more diversified corps of specialists, including alienists, years ago he issued a very attractive popular
is needed to attend to that class of astronomers who are work on this subject, and during this interval
suffering from mental strabismus. It might be advisa- he and his assistants have assiduously observed
ble to call in the services of a bacteriologist to make
cultures of new forms of microbes which may be in-
the ruddy planet at every favorable opportunity.
volved in rendering men incapable of estimating the
These observations have strongly confirmed the
value of evidence.”
opinions originally expressed by Professor
Professor Morse spent a month at the Lowell Lowell, and have enabled him to fill in details
Observatory in Arizona, where he was given in gratifying fashion. The observations have
opportunity to observe Mars on every clear night been made at his private observatory at Flag-
with the 24-inch telescope. Here he came to ap- staff, Arizona, where a 24-inch glass, of Alvan
preciate the difficulties connected with the study G. Clark's workmanship, is mounted at an ele-
of the system of canals. On pages 80-81 he vation of eight thousand feet above the sea. In
describes his initial sensations.
order to make out delicate planetary detail, it
“ Imagine my surprise and chagrin when I first saw is absolutely necessary that the atmosphere at
the beautiful disk of Mars through this superb telescope. the observing station be both clear and steady.
Not a line ! not a marking ! The object I saw could only One who merely works with a microscope in
be compared in appearance to the open mouth of a cru-
the quiet air of a laboratory has no adequate
cible filled with molten gold. Slighter discolorations
here and there and evanescent areas outlined for the conception of the difficulty of seeing minute
tenth of a second, but not a determinate line or spot to details when one has to look through many miles
be seen.
Had I stopped that night, or even a week of an agitated atmospheric ocean, laden with
later, I might have joined the ranks of certain observers
dust and water vapor, and often charged with
and said • Illusion,' or something worse. And right here
it was that my experience with microscopic work helped
ice-spiculæ in its upper layers.
me; for, remembering the hours — nay, days — I had Apart from the question of the existence and
worked in making out structural features in delicate function of the Martian canals, the author be-
organisms which my unprofessional friends could not see
lieves that the following conclusions, from his own
at all, I realized that patient observation would be re-
observations and those of others, are reasonable:
quired if I was to be successful in my efforts. My despair,
however, was overwhelming when Professor Lowell and First, that Mars has days and seasons substan-
his assistants, looking for a few moments at the same tially like our own. Second, that its enveloping


1907.]
77
THE DIAL
;
atmosphere contains water vapor, carbonic acid, temporal event was found registered too, the first snow-
and oxygen, and is quite rare, the barometric
fall of the season, the beginning of the new polar cap,
seen visually just before the plate happened to be put
pressure being probably no greater than four
in and reproduced by it unmistakably. Upon the many
inches. Third, that water is very scarce, as images thirty-eight canals were counted in all, and one
shown by the infrequency of clouds and the of them, the Nilokeras, double. Thus did the canals at
rapid melting of the polar caps in summer. last speak for their own reality themselves.”
Fourth, that the temperature is colder than ours,
We are now ready to ask for an explanation
but above the freezing point of water except in of the nature of these delicate markings. The
winter and the extreme polar regions. Fifth, author shows that their complex behavior may
that vegetation springs up when the polar snows be accounted for by a theory which he unhesitat-
melt, and dies
away
in due course.
ingly advocates. This theory is that there are
The difficulty of the observations which lie narrow waterways extending in a complete net-
at the basis of all reasonable theorizing about work over the surface of Mars ; when the polar
the much-discussed system of canals and the snows melt, the released water flows equator-
existence of intelligent beings on the planet, wards through these waterways, quickening
may well be described in Professor Lowell's vegetation along their banks and causing it to
own words.
develop from the polar regions onward. This
“When a fairly acute-eyed observer sets himself to vegetation flourishes for a time, dies out, and is
scan the telescopic disk of the planet in steady air, he again renewed seasonally. If we grant that
will, after noting the dazzling contour of the white vegetation somewhat similar to our own exists,
polar cap and the sharp outlines of the blue-green seas,
of a sudden be made aware of a vision as of a thread
the author asks us to admit that animal life,
stretched somewhere from the blue-green across the
which is closely coexistent with vegetable life on
orange areas of the disk. Gone as quickly as it came, he the earth, is likewise associated with it on Mars.
will instinctively doubt his own eyesight, and credit to On page 358 he says:
illusion what can so unaccountably disappear. Gaze
“Once started, life, as palæontology shows, develops
as hard as he will, no power of his can recall it, when,
with the same startling abruptness, the thing stands
along both the floral and faunal lines side by side, taking
before his eyes again. Convinced, after three or four
on complexity with time. It begins so soon as secular
such showings, that the vision is real, he will still be
cooling has condensed water vapor into its liquid state;
chromaceax and confervæ coming into being high up
left wondering what and where it was. For so short
toward the boiling point. Then with lowering temper-
and sudden are its apparitions that the locating of it is
dubiously hard. It is gone each time before he has got
ature come the sea-weeds and the rhizopods, then the
land plants and the lunged vertebrates. Hand in hand
its bearings. persistent watch, however, for the best
the flora and fauna climb to more intricate perfecting,
instants of definition, backed by a knowledge of what
he is to see, he will find its comings more frequent,
life rising as temperature lowers."
more certain, and more detailed. At last some partic-
Professor Lowell believes that the water
ularly propitious moment will disclose its relation to would not flow along the canals from a pole
well-known points and its position be assured. First, downward across the equator unless artificially
one such thread and then another will make its presence helped ; this help he ascribes to beings of a high
evident; and then he will note that each always appears
in place. Repetition in situ will convince him that these
order of intelligence, who have fashioned the
strange visitants are as real as the main markings, and canal system. He calls particular attention to
are as permanent as they. . . . Not everybody can see the fact that the canals connect small round
these delicate features at first sight, even when pointed dark spots which are scattered over the planet's
out to them; and to perceive their more minute details
takes a trained as well as an acute eye, observing under face, going with geometrical precision straight
the best conditions."
from 66 oasis to another. These “ oases
Our author has devoted half his book to a
he considers centres of population. The popu-
detailed description of observations of the canals lation he esteems“ necessarily intelligent ” and
How firm his
and to theories as to their nature and origin. of a “ non-bellicose character.”
These tantalizing objects were even photo-
conviction is may be judged from the first sen-
graphed ; joyful was the day when this feat was
tence of the last chapter, which reads as follows:
accomplished !
“ That Mars is inhabited by beings of some sort or
other, we may consider as certain as it is uncertain what
“ The eagerness with which the first plate was scanned
those beings may be.”
as it emerged from its last bath may be imagined, and
the joy when on it some of the canals could certainly
Whether the reader can accept the author's
be seen! There were the old configurations of patches, conclusions or not, he will at least be forced to
the light areas and the dark, just as they looked through admit, after reading “ Mars and Its Canals,”
the telescope, and never till then otherwise seen of hu-
that the book is an exceedingly able and inter-
man eye, and there more marvelous yet were the grosser
of those lines that had so piqued human curiosity, the esting exposition of the subject.
canals of Mars. . . . By chance on one of the plates a
HERBERT A. HOWE.
one


78
[Feb. 1
THE DIAL
at“ our Professor of Poetry, Matthew Arnold”),
THE RECORD OF A SCHOLARLY LIFE.*,
and the poem “Queen Yseult"; and it was
The life of a scholar in nineteenth-century Swinburne who assembled the enthusiastic com-
England, inclined by temperament and ill-health pany in his rooms “ to welcome in the little
to the quiet content to be sought far from the stranger.” But the printer was late.
madding crowd, leaves a literary record without
“ Though we had not the satisfaction of having the
stir of adventure or thrill of triumph, but one paper itself, we still managed to drink its health in very
eagerly appreciated by such as are sympathetic good claret, as well as the health of each contributor,
with the charm of letters. George Birkbeck Hill, and the absent editor (Nichol) also. So we made very
best known for his notable edition of Boswell's
merry indeed; and though the baby was not there, still
the christening was very successful."
Johnson, found in heredity and environment a
The arduous labors connected with the man-
potent shaping of his fate. Son and grandson
of a schoolmaster, he, along with his brothers, agement of the school at Bruce Castle, Totten-
was early initiated into preceptorial service in ham, and the cares of their own large family,
the family's large boarding-school for boys, of
became ever more wearing. In 1877 Dr. Hill
and his wife gave up the school and removed to
which for eighteen years he in turn served as
partner or master. The natural path for the
The natural path for the Burgfield, near Reading. His life from now on
career led through Oxford, which he entered in
was that of a man of letters with precarious
1855 at the age of twenty. There the deter-
income, rendered more so by the almost chronic
mining influences — a not uncommon experi- 1 master he had become a constant reviewer, and
interruptions of ill-health. While yet a school-
ence were his companions, a notable group
of
in 1874 had brought out a little book, “Dr.
young men who presently formed themselves
Johnson, his Friends and his Critics," a venture
into a club which they called the “Old Mor-
tality.” The names of the original members
upon which, according to Mrs. Hill's careful
are, almost without exception, now in the rolls
accounting, he lost just £3. In 1879 his uncle
Sir Rowland Hill died, and Birkbeck Hill be-
of the distinguished : Professor Nichol, Pro-
fessor Dicey, Mr. Swinburne, Professor Thomas
came the biographer of the founder of Penny
Hill Green, the Right Honorable James Bryce, service in bringing out the Letters of Colonel
Postage. The next year he performed a similar
Dr. Caird (Master of Baliol), Dr. Birkbeck
Hill, and Mr. Justice Wright. An equally from 1883 to 1886 were devoted wholly to the
Gordon from Central Africa. The three years
intimate companion was William Morris.
contemporary, not of the club, records that
magnum opus, the six-volume edition of Boswell;
and in the last of those years, in the interests
“they were a revolutionary set, and read
of the work, he removed to Oxford. An edition
Browning."
of “Rasselas," also of “The Traveller " and
Young Hill's Oxford letters were divided
the Letters of Hume, and a selection of John-
between his father and Miss Scott (to whom he
was early engaged, and who became his helpful son's writings under the title “ The Wit and
Wisdom of Dr. Johnson," were the contribu-
life-mate), with a natural preponderance, both
in number and intimacy, in favor of the latter:
tions of 1888; in 1890 appeared the " Foot-
Here is one of them :
steps of Dr. Johnson,” and in 1892 a collection
of Dr. Johnson's Letters. Some lectures given
Yesterday I was in Swinburne's rooms. I wish you
knew the little fellow; he is the most enthusiastic fellow | by Dr. Hill in 1891 were made up into a little
I ever met, and one of the cleverest. He wanted to read
volume, “ Writers and Readers." In 1893 Dr.
me some poems he had written, and have my opinion. Hill visited America ; and the experience bore
They are really very good, and he read them with such fruit in an account of “ Harvard College, by
an earnestness, so truly feeling everything he had
an Oxonian," while his contributions to “The
written, that I for the first time in my life enjoyed
hearing the poetry of an amateur.”
Atlantic Monthly " became a sheaf of “ Talks
In 1857 the “ Old Mortality” club became
about Autographs.”
responsible for a magazine, to the first issue of
The charm of Dr. Hill's personality instantly
which Birkbeck Hill contributed his maiden
made itself felt in almost any company. His
literary effort in the form of a story. Mr. Swin-
comment upon his college friend Faulkner -
burne's contributions were essays on Early
later of the famous art firm of Morris, Marshall,
Dramatists” and “ Modern Hellenism ” (aimed Faulkner & Co. “ It would never occur to him
whether a man were a duke or a chimney-sweep,'
LETTERS OF GEORGE BIRKBECK HILL, D.C.L. Arranged by
On
his daughter, Lucy Crump. With portraits in photogravure.
may appropriately be applied to himself.
New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
the whole, he would have preferred the chimney-


1907.]
79
THE DIAL
Have you
I re-
so I
sweep, if we may judge by the following letter women which might have been written by at least
to the same Faulkner (1879):
ten thousand French fools, and so should not have
“Can you not give me a day or two here on your way been written by Renan.”
back to Oxford ? .. I met Morris in coming here His interest in America, though brought to the
yesterday, and travelled down with him. . .
venture of two trans-Atlantic journeys through
any work to do, here is your place to do it. We have
risen a step-
the marriage of a daughter to Professor Ashley,
very great step in the world — since we
last saw you. The County has at last called on us, in sometime professor at Harvard University, was
the shape of the Right Honourable
dominantly in a land in which worth had an un-
turned the call, and was plunged in the midst of a lawn trammelled chance to assert itself.
6. There are
tennis party. I was taken past a bench of young ladies
and seated by Mrs. When once there, I four great cradles of liberty in the world
dared not move. I was conscious that I was staying too
reckon them - Greece, Holland, England and
long, but I could not face the young ladies again. There New England.” He focussed his attention upon
were some military swells there in great yellow mus one of our institutions which it was well that the
taches. I was in a flannel shirt. How I suffered ! Lord! English cousin should comprehend. He willingly
-I mean Right Hon! — what is man that thou so re-
gardest him! Old himself was not bad, but the
records, “What progress Harvard is making!
swells and swellesses ! I will introduce you to them,
She strides while our Universities crawl." Yet
and we will talk in our most Radical style, and damn all he equally brought forward the benefits of seeing
parsons and squires, and speak disrespectfully of the ourselves as others see us; and a dozen years'
House of Lords. The worst of me is that while I can
experience vindicate the sharp-sightedness of the
roar like a lion in writing, I am as fearful and weak-
voiced as a mouse before respectable people. You shall
Oxonian spectacles. Not the least of our short-
be Moses and the spokesman, and I will be a chorus.” comings — the reviewer
may be permitted to add,
Dr. Hill's candor and sincerity of thought and
not out of harmony with the spirit of Dr. Hill's
speech made it quite impossible for him to deal strictures — is that we offer so little incentive
tolerantly with presumption, duplicity, privilege, and provide so sparingly for the living of such
or dogmatism. He was liberal in politics and re-
scholarly lives as that so pleasantly recorded in
ligion, as in letters. Accurate, considerate, with
the letters of George Birkbeck Hill.
a scholar's standards and ideals, the whole-
JOSEPH JASTROW.
souledness of his interest made him as eager in
one occupation as in another. The most delightful
of companions, an adored friend of children (some
WITHSTANDING THE GODS.*
of his charming writings to the little ones have
“Love thou the gods and withstand them, lest thy fame
been gathered in “ Letters of a Grandfather”),
should fail at the end,
he carried with him the subtle attraction of hav And thou be but their thrall and bondsman, who wast
ing only to be himself to be at once your friend.
born for their very friend.”
Straightforward in thought, and with keen in With this quotation from Sigurd the Volsung,
sights, his opinions were sound as well as incisive, Mr. Garrod begins his book, " The Religion of
while over all there played the genial humor of a
all Good Men." “I could almost think,” he
kindly simplicity. Good talk he enjoyed, and says on a later page, “I could almost think it
practised his own preaching.
the last word in religion.”
“ It ought to be taught as one of the chief duties of
It is the great merit of this little work, that
life that each one is bound so to train and store his mind it excites those very sentiments which its author
that he may take his part in pleasant and general talk, regards as appropriate to religion. As we read,
• Thou shalt not bore thy neighbor' might well be added
we not only admire the writer's eloquence and
to the Commandments.”
originality, but we come to have a sympathetic
These qualities impart to his letters (which, it
affection for his personality; and yet we are
must be remembered, are for the most part the stirred up to wrestle with his arguments, in
intimate communion of husband and wife, of a
default of that personal encounter for which we
father with his children) at once a sterling interest instinctively yearn. In the preface we are offered
and a personal charm. Always ready for foolery
a sort of excuse for the book.
and the lighter vein, he ever gave a serious sub-
“What I want to say needs, I think, at this time to be
ject serious attention. Thoughts, as men, he said by somebody; and it is better that I should say it
valued for their real worth. Reputation, conven imperfectly than that nobody should say it at all.
tion, the sanction of majorities or superficial change my opinions. But there is also a danger that Í
And let me here say this: there is a danger that I may
consideration, influenced him little. His com-
ment upon a bit of fine writing in Renan is char * THE RELIGION OF ALL GOOD MEN, and Other Studies in
Christian Ethics. By H. W. Garrod, Fellow and Tutor of Merton
acteristic: “There is one passage about beautiful College, Oxford. New York: McClure, Phillips & Co.


80
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
may lose the courage of them. Ten years hence I may northern civilization, so rich in the mingling
have the courage only of other people's opinions. My
currents of humanity, has not contributed some-
environment [Oxford) is one where the shades of the
prison-house too early close in upon youthful enthusi- thing to the religious life of its members? In
asm. Sooner than elsewhere, one ceases to be on his
the language of the naturalist, should there not
way attended by the Vision splendid,' and begins to think be some endemic forms within this territory?—
and feel and speak conventionally and academically. and if so, are they not likely to be the most
Everywhere around me I hear the praise of the middle
course,' of compromise, of suspended judgment; and I
characteristic, the most precisely adapted to this
see the love of truth corrupted into the sophistic pas-
peculiar environment?
sion for believing both sides of a contradiction. I see In a later chapter, “Christ the Forerunner,"
the folks of my little world the victims, all of them, of Mr. Garrod sets forth a new view of Christ and
one or two diseases - the disease of having no opinions his mission, which explains in many ways his
(the balanced mind') or the disease of not expressing
them (“moderation'). Yet we all know that the just
attitude toward Christianity, and his circum-
balance is motionless: nor have we ever seen in history scription of it regarded as an original force.
intellectual progress born of an elegant laissez-faire.” Christ, it is urged, taught and believed that the
And so, secretly aware of the cheerful - nay, end of the world, or at least the end of ordinary
enthusiastic — permission of the discriminating, human institutions, was close at hand. Paul
and scornful of the protests of the multitude, was of the same opinion. Consequently, their
this extraordinary Fellow proceeds to correct religion, as actually held and presented, is by
some of the most ancient misunderstandings of no means applicable to the life of normal men
our Christian world. In the first section, headed and women.
Nor is this all. Numerous and
“ Christian, Greek, or Goth," it is maintained apparently plausible reasons are adduced for
that in addition to Christianity and Hellenism believing that Christ did not so much as claim
we have a third but little-recognized force, which to be the Messiah, and that the “ Son of Man,"
is Northern or Gothic in origin. It is suggested so frequently referred to by him, was not him-
that whereas historical Christianity has in the self but another. It is impossible here to sum-
past come in for a great deal of criticism, it is marize the argument, but the least we can say
now rather ethical Christianity that is being of it is that it is extremely interesting ; and we
called into question. Both Christianity and cannot deny the fact, urged by the author, that
Hellenism have been tried and found wanting ; whereas the Gospel is everywhere read, few there
or if not so found, it has been because they have
are who examine it critically.
been combined with another element essentially What, then, of Christianity, after all ? If it
distinct in its nature and origin, though not has been crassly misunderstood, and made to
recognized as such.
cover in name quite other things, if it is in itself
“The ideal of Christianity is what we may call holi- unsuited for human needs, what of it? Was the
ness. The ideal of Hellenism may be said to be under- mission of Christ a failure ? Not so.
standing, or intelligence. . . . Two ideals, chivalry and
“ In the long and learned introduction prefixed to his
honor, are neither Greek nor Christian: I take them to
edition of the Bible (dated 1813), by the Rev. John
be the peculiar property and creation of the northern
Brown, I read that • Perhaps about A. D. 2860 or 3000
I may call them the cardinal virtues of Gothic
Satan will be again loosed from his long restraint;
morality.”
and, after corrupting the members of the Church, will
And again :
assemble the Turks, Russians, or others of a savage
“Christianity has said, “In my flesh dwelleth no good
temper, to destroy her: but the fearful vengeance of
thing.' ... Against that, chivalry is a brilliant and pow-
God shall overtake them in their attempt. Then cometh
erful, though erratic, protest. ... It had also accounted
the end of the world, at what distance we know not.' This
those alone blessed who, in the cause of Christ, had
irruption of Satan, this high-handed action of Turkey
made themselves as the filth of the world and the off-
and Russia, this end of all things, those who read these
scourings of all things unto this day.' . . . Against all
lines will be able to await with equanimity in a different
that, so unnatural, so pusillanimous, so impossible, the
place from this. The Rev. John Brown has gone thither
ideal of honor is a righteous and necessary and enduring
before us; but he may be allowed to speak to us a kind
protest. •I am a man of peace,' says Clough's Dipsychus :
of allegory.
I am a man of peace,
« The year 2860 is ever upon us daily: daily is Satan
And the old Adam of the gentleman
unloosed, and peoples of a savage temper' arm them-
Dares seldom in my bosom stir against
selves against the truth of God: the end of all things is
The mild plebeian Christian seated there.'
ever staring us in the face. John was right, Jesus was
But it is to the motions in the blood of this old Adam right, St. Paul was right, when each proclaimed the imme-
that European society, as I believe, owes, and has always diate coming of the Kingdom of God. It comes daily
owed, its salvation."
when Satan (that is, Sin and Ignorance and the Pride
which either engenders) is cast down by the power of
To most, this will seem in some degree ex-
Justice and Right, Knowledge and Simplicity: when
travagant; and yet, who can suppose that the
men of a savage temper' are diverted from their wrath
races.


1907.]
81
THE DIAL
by the soft answer of good-sense. It comes daily to all that the quest entails make up a good part of the fun
who, without losing interest in life, or the healthy sense for the “true collector”; so she sprinkles her pages
of the world, yet feel that all their actions look to an end
with lively anecdotes of her own and her friends'
that is not on earth; to the man who through the day experiences. Her own pet fad, she confesses, is the
keeps his eyes upon the duties of the day to do them, collecting of "cottage ornaments,” which is the
who is just, kind, moderate, healthy-minded, who also
at the close of each day goes out at his door, and, lifting
trade name for the quaint Staffordshire figures of
his eyes from the earth, looks awhile at the unnumbered shepherds and shepherdesses, well-known people, or
stars of God,' though he stand there without speech or animals, particularly sheep and dogs. This is a field
prayer — to such an one the Kingdom of Heaven comes comparatively new to the average collector, and almost
daily. For that which sent John to the dungeon, Christ nothing has hitherto been written about it. Old glass-
to the Cross, Paul to the block, each filled with the faith
ware, brass and copper, pewter, and a few of the
of the instant coming of the Lord, was none else than
best-known English chinas, are Mrs. Moore's other
this — the sense, which should be in each one of us, of
topics. These are all subjects which a lover of an-
a perfection ever about to be attained, a joy and peace
tiques, in pursuit of his own particular hobby, is sure
ever about to be realized. 'He who has not this sense
of the ideal may, as truly as he that lacks " charity,' be
to become interested in, or at least to want a little
counted dead before God.”
information about. Mrs. Moore writes definitely and
I have tried to present all this without dis- concisely, and her wide acquaintance among English
and American collectors enables her to offer her
pute, not because there is any lack of oppor-
readers a particularly complete and helpful set of
tunity for controversy, but because I think the
illustrations.
worth of the book very far outweighs such
faults as it may possess — these latter being,
A curious little book, fraught with
The love-letters
indeed, such necessary accompaniments of per-
interest both as a historical study
of a king.
and a human document, is the collec-
fect straightforwardness that we could not wish
tion of the “Love-Letters of Henry VIII. to Anne
them absent. It will do any man good to read
Boleyn,” now issued by Messrs. John W. Luce &
such virile words, — and if they harm him, he is Co. in a small leather-bound volume, with fanciful
not worthy to withstand the gods.
frontispiece and incidental decorations in black and
T. D. A. COCKERELL. white. A note by Mr. Halliwell Phillips, reprinted
from another edition of the letters, gives an account
of the earliest appearance of the letters in print, and
a justification for the accepted order of arrangement.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
The order in the present edition, which is explained
in a second note of anonymous authorship, is radi-
“ The true collector,” says Mrs. N. cally different, following that of Mr. Brewer's Cal-
For the hunter
Hudson Moore in one of the chapters
of antiques.
endar of State Papers. Each letter is dated as
of her delightful “ Collector's Man- exactly as the evidence warrants, and there are a
ual” (F. A. Stokes Co.), “when once embarked on his few textual notes. A perusal of the letters shows
career, is seldom content to keep in one narrow path, Henry in the character of a fairly ardent though not
but strays out in many directions, and finds pleasure passionate lover, with a strong tendency to moralize
in them all.” Many a “true collector” will agree and to lay emphasis upon the practical rather than
with Mrs. Moore, and be grateful to her for offering the sentimental aspects of his affection. There is
him in one volume information about a number of nothing here to kindle Anne's cold heart, but much
the main branches of that complex and fascinating to assure her of her royal lover's devotion, and of his
subject, the collecting of antiques. Mrs. Moore has pious dependence upon divine Providence to bring
already written in separate volumes, and more ex their affairs to a happy issue. These emotions seem
haustively, of china, brass and pewter, lace, and old a little forced in view of the facts, and the colorless
furniture; but the true collector is generally poor, phrasing is due, possibly, to the fact that more than
because of the temptations that collecting offers, and half of the letters were written in French. Besides,
he will be glad, particularly if he is a beginner in need Henry lived before the dawn of the art of letter-
of general information, to be able to get so much of writing. He evidently regards correspondence as a
it, concisely put and lavishly illustrated, in one mod-
mere necessary means of communication, and does
erate-priced volume. About half the book is given not dream of being personal or expansive in a letter.
to various articles of furniture. An account of the His scholarship shows only in a polished style and in
origin of each article is given, and extracts from old chance bits of Latin; while of the wit and versatility
wills, diaries, or inventories prove its existence and that made Erasmus wonder, there is no sign. So
importance at early dates. Various good styles are there is nothing in these rather commonplace epistles
illustrated, as well as a few “faked” or “restored” to
cause
the most sensitive reader to raise a cry of
ones, to put the novice on his guard. Mrs. Moore confidence violated. And yet, as a work of a moral
aims to arouse enthusiasm as well as to cultivate monster and a great king, the collection is not with-
taste. She does not forget that the quest of a bargain out a unique interest for modern readers, though
and the amusing and sometimes amazing adventures most of that interest must be read between the lines.


82
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
To journey through Denmark, Nor in these columns. Now, out of “five immense vol-
A flight through
Scandinavia.
way, and Sweden, to cross the Baltic umes” of unpublished letters to and from the artist
Sea and the Gulf of Finland, getting his present editor and apologist has selected a goodly
a glimpse of Helsingfors, to go to St. Petersburg and number of very correct and proper epistles wherein
Moscow, and then to scamper back to London, the affairs of the heart are seldom mentioned, to show
starting-point, by way of Berlin, Hamburg, Amster us the man in a more favorable light. That Law-
dam, and Den Haag, all in five weeks, is to invite some rence was now and then vexatiously dilatory in filling
musty comparisons with the personally conducted orders for his pictures, is made plain ; but no worse
tourist who helter-skelters round Europe in a limited charge can be brought against him from this pub-
vacation time. Mr. William Seymour Edwards took lished correspondence. Of Mr. Layard's book it
his honeymoon trip over the route outlined, and de- may truly be said that the end crowns the work: the
spite the shortness of the time given to it he appears concluding “Recollections” of the painter's friend
to have seen much more and to have assimilated it Elizabeth Croft, who survived him by twenty-six
better than the average tourist does. His book en years, give a more intimate and attractive picture of
titled “Through Scandinavia to Moscow” (Robert him than do his own letters. Twenty-two illustra-
Clarke Co.), while commonplace in many respects, tions, mostly from Lawrence's paintings, enliven the
is saved from mediocrity by the author's remarks on volume and convey a good idea of the artist's peculiar
the people he observed — especially in Scandinavia. excellence — that of an incomparable draughtsman
In Norway he was struck with the sight of many of faces and hands. These prints are all the better
newly-built farm-houses and their substantial and for leaving out, by necessity, the painter's defects of
modern improvements, all made with the aid of coloring, which has been censured as hard and
American dollars sent home by prosperous Nor- glassy, though brilliant and effective. Campbell
wegians living in our Northwest. An interesting used to say of his work: “This is the merit of Law-
contrast between the Norwegian and the Swede is rence's paintings -- he makes one seem to have got
pointed out. “The Norwegian looks out upon the into a drawing-room in the mansions of the blest,
Twentieth Century and finds his inspiration in the and to be looking at oneself in the mirrors "; and
example of free America and the universal equality Opie, less kindly: “ Lawrence made coxcombs of his
of man.
The Swede looks ever backward to the sitters, and his sitters made a coxcomb of him.” Of
glorious days of Gustavus Vasa, Gustavus Adolphus, the “dangerous fascination" of the old flirt, Fanny
and Charles XII., and sighs for a return of the good Kemble long ago told us her experience.
old times when the half of Europe trembled before
Sweden's military might. . . . Thus have the cousin Planning the
The modest volume by Loring Un-
peoples swung wide apart. The one, free and open-
garden and its derwood, entitled “The Garden and
minded ; the other, still dazed by the faded glories Co.), is not so much out of season as it might ap-
accessories. its Accessories ” (Little, Brown &
of a long dead past, turns ever a wistful eye toward
the military tyrannies of Czar and Kaiser, and finds
pear, for it is the often reiterated advice of expert
in the inequalities of landed noble and landless yokel, gardeners to plan the garden well in advance in
in official military caste and enthralled peasantry,
order to have it a success. If this is the case with
the realization of his Fifteenth Century ideal.” Mr.
the trees, shrubs, and flowers, certainly it is even
Edwards's comments on the relations of the Slav and
more important where the permanent settings of the
the Jews, and their much advertised conflicts, are very
garden are concerned ; since on those, as not only
sensible, much more so, indeed, than
landscape gardeners but home builders are beginning
many accounts
which purport to treat the matter at great length with
to see, the final beauty of the picture and its satis-
more extended data. The Jew in Russia, according fying qualities are most apt to depend. The book
to Mr. Edwards, “prospers without and in spite of
contains only about a hundred pages of text, but
the fostering care of the autocracy,” and hence he
there is an illustration, and an excellent and really
incurs the Slav's envy and jealousy. Like a loyal illustrative one, for nearly every page of reading
American, Mr. Edwards closes his book with thank-
matter. The author, who is a landscape architect,
fulness that he and his bride were" born and bred
writes with knowledge and love of his subject, and
beneath the Stars and Stripes.”
emphasizes a point too often lost sight of — the
necessity of proportion, harmony, suitability, if the
The letters of a
“Sir Thomas Lawrence's Letter-bag" result is to be beauty. The descriptions and pictures
famous artist (Longmans), edited by Mr. George of the different types of garden-houses, pergolas,
and gallant. Somes Layard, and supplemented by trellises, and arches, the garden gazing-globes, sun-
some pleasant recollections of the artist by a con dials, stone lanterns, seats, tables, bird-houses, and
tomporary, Miss Elizabeth Croft, is offered as a sort what-not, the lily-ponds, the walls, terraces, and
of corrective to “An Artist's Love Story” which fences, will be studied with interest by those who
Mr. Oswald G. Knapp edited two years ago from are planning a garden, whether large or small, for-
certain of Lawrence's letters, and those of Mrs. mal or informal. Likewise the chapter on suitable
Siddons and her daughters, that had to do with the materials for these accessories may be read with
painter's coquettish attentions to the two Misses profit. But the most important advice is given in
Siddons. This earlier work has already been noticed the beginning, - on the wisdom of providing our


1907.]
83
THE DIAL
gardens with such permanent settings as shall make Churchill, be it noted), soldier, war correspondent,
them attractive all the year round, and of not copy- lecturer, author, and politician, gains peculiar fresh-
ing the styles of other times and lands, but so adapt ness and actuality from the writer's near acquaint-
ing them that American gardens shall have a charm ance with and admiration for his bold and talented
and an individuality of their own.
young hero. But the last chapter of all, that on Major
Burnham, rivals it as an interest-awakener. The
It is not every reader that can sym-
sketch of General MacIver, which opens the book,
Pleasant rambles
pathize with Charles Lamb in his might perhaps have gained by the addition of fuller
in the classics.
avowed preference for books about details concerning his life since 1884, when he pub-
books; and even of those that can, comparatively lished his autobiography entitled “ Under Fourteen
few will be familiar enough with the ancient classics Flags.” Brought up to date, says Mr. Davis, the
to turn with intelligent interest the leaves of Mr.
book would properly be called “Under Eighteen
Hugh E. P. Platt's curious little volume entitled “A Flags.” What are the four additional flags? The
Last Ramble in the Classics ” (Oxford : B. H. Black- twenty-one illustrations, especially the portraits, add
well). This is not merely a book about books, but
much to the attractiveness of these true stories of
it is even to some extent a book about books that daring deeds.
are themselves about books bookishness raised to
A new edition of Professor J. Mark
the third power, so to speak. Among all sorts of The vital part of
matters pleasantly treated, with apt quotations from
psychic processes Baldwin's well-known volume with
in Evolution.
authors classical and post-classical, we meet with
which, ten years ago, he began his
sections devoted to “Sport in the Poets,”
"Melo- exposition of a genetic psychology is appropriate and
dious Verse," "False Quantities,” “Some Quaint
welcome. As an aid to the dissemination of interest
Mistakes,” “More Proverbial Phrases ” (in addi-
in and appreciation of the vital share that psychic
tion, that is, to similar phrases in the same author's
processes occupy in evolution, his books on
“ Mental
“ Byways in the Classics "), “ Words and Manners,"
Development” (Macmillan) have done good service;
“Sundry Questions,” etc. The following legal wit-
and it is well that the opportunity has been embraced
ticism, classic in flavor, is one of the many quotable
to incorporate such modifications and amendments
things in the book. “Once, when plaster came
of the text as the increasing insight of recent knowl-
tumbling down as he was hearing a case, Mr. Justice
edge makes possible. The systematic appearance
Chitty ejaculated, Fiat justitia, ruat ceiling!'”
which it is attempted to give to this volume, and to
those that followed it in the author's writings, is some-
Lacking Mr. Platt's professed fondness for verify-
ing references, and also the time necessary to verify
what misleading. They form a record of the author's
successive change of interests in the several problems
his very numerous references — which might claim
more hours of work than he spent in writing the
capable of attack from the genetic point of view; as
book — we must assume, as we gladly do, that his
such they are suggestive, and the treatment of some
careful scholarship has kept him from error in his
of the problems is distinctly valuable. It is, however,
multitudinous citations. His zeal and industry in quite impossible for one so devoted to following the
this his chosen field of labor (or relaxation) are
bent of his own interests, and of giving himself great
admirable, although to most readers his little book latitude in the prominence of favorite phases of dis-
may
well appear to bear somewhat the same relation
cussion, to achieve a fair perspective of the field as
to live literature of real life as it is to-day that
a whole. The announcement is accordingly timely
cherry-stone carving does to sculpture. But it is
that the author is engaged upon a single volume that
not given to everyone to carve cherry-stones with
will have for its central object the setting forth of
distinction.
the principles of genetic psychology. It is always
fairer to record an appreciation of a work for what
The remarkable deeds of six remark-
it really accomplishes than to render it subject to
Siz noted heroes able men, told by a writer also ac-
of adventure.
criticism by setting it in a class to which it does not
counted remarkable, furnish reading belong.
that should be and is remarkably interesting. “Real
Soldiers of Fortune ” (Scribner), from the same pen
An up-to-date
A dozen years ago, General Greely
that has already depicted the imaginary “ Soldiers handbook of
issued the first edition of his “ Hand-
of Fortune," presents in brief compass the striking
Polar research. book of Polar Discoveries." The
adventures of Major-General Henry Ronald Douglas third edition has been revised and enlarged, and
MacIver, Baron James Harden-Hickey, Mr. Winston now appears brought down to 1906 (Little, Brown
Spencer Churchill, Captain Philo Norton McGiffin, & Co.). The book is, as its name implies, simply
General William Walker, and Major Frederick Rus a compendium, in preparing which 70,000 pages of
sell Burnham “the king of scouts.” Not in every original narrative have been summarized and classi-
instance does Mr. Richard Harding Davis write from fied. Polar expeditions have been carried on from
intimate personal knowledge of his hero; but he always three motives. At first commercial interests fur-
seems so to have caught the spirit of the man he is nished their incentive, as when England and Spain
describing that dulness and unreality have no place in competed in endeavors to find a short route to the
his pages. The chapter on Mr. Churchill (the English | Indies. Later, the desire to enlarge geographical


84
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
knowledge gave the needed impetus. At the present reminds one of the famous criticism of Masson's « Mil-
time all expeditions are equipped with scientific ton.” Mr. Gardner, however, seeks to keep us in touch
instruments and are expected to add to the sum of
with his subject by illustrating, from the “Orlando"
scientific knowledge. The actual contributions to
and other works, the poet's attitude toward the events
science which have been made by polar expeditions
of his time. The chapters dealing with the poetry of
Ariosto are pleasing, but on the whole rather inconclu-
are by no means inconsiderable, but the irresistible
sive. The style of the book is without distinction, and
desire for conquest and the spirit of adventure are it occasionally lapses into inelegance.
powerful factors in recent expeditions as well as in
The twentieth annual volume of “Book Prices Cur-
many a past exploit in the frozen North. The last
rent,” covering the English auction season of 1905–6,
thirty pages of General Greely's book are devoted
comes to us from Mr. Elliot Stock of London. The sea-
to Antarctic research. An extensive bibliography son here dealt with has not been a sensational one; but
and an excellent index enhance the value of this a number of important collections, such as those of the
handbook, and serve to indicate to the reader the late Mr. Truman and Sir Henry Irving, were disposed
sources of practically our entire knowledge of Arctic
of, and the prices realized showed a very fair average.
regions.
Full descriptive entries of over seven thousand items
are recorded. The excellent editorial judgment and wide
Problems and
Mr.C.H. Forbes-Lindsay has written bibliographical knowledge displayed in the preparation
progress of the a very useful and instructive little
of “Book Prices Current" are too well known to call
Panama Canal. volume on “Panama, the Isthmus for comment here. For the librarian and collector it is
and the Canal” (J.C. Winston Co.). In his preface an invaluable reference work; to the bookseller it is quite
the author writes: “I have endeavored to relate the indispensable.
story of the Panama Canal from the earliest explo A work much needed, not by students alone, but by
rations to the present time, with as much avoidance general readers as well, has been done by Professor
as possible of technics, and in a manner that shall
Arthur G. Canfield in his selection from the “ Poems of
be comprehensible to the general reader.” Every
Victor Hugo" (Holt). Although the book is published
feature of this vast undertaking is pictured in detail
as an educational text, with the usual apparatus of in-
troduction and notes, we hope that it will find its way
with simplicity and intelligibility, and without undue
into the hands of many people who are out of school,
argumentative discussion. In an appendix the author
for the work of the greatest of French poets is scattered
tells the story of the “Great Canals of the World,” through so many volumes that English readers have
a story extracted from a monograph under this title scant chance of knowing it at all, unless they avail
issued by the Department of Commerce and Labor themselves of the sort of help Mr. Canfield offers them.
at Washington. The book will serve a useful pur The various volumes of the poems are taken in their
pose as an introduction to a study of the problems chronological order, and from each of them a brief but
involved in the construction of the canal, and in sum-
judicious selection is made.
marizing the things already done there. Although
From the Librairie Sansaisha, Tokyo, we have a
the book is written in topical style, an index would
“ Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie du Japon,” a
enhance its usefulness. Two excellent maps help
substantial volume of a thousand pages with three hun-
one to understand the discussion concerning the re-
dred cuts, the work of M. E. Papinot. The words
“ history” and “geography" are hardly adequate to
spective merits of the sea-level and the lock systems
describe the contents of this work, which is also a bio-
of construction.
graphical dictionary and a compact encyclopædia of
most Japanese matters. It contains articles, for ex-
ample, upon such subjects as Bushido and Harakiri,
to name two of those most familiar to Western rea-
BRIEFER MENTION.
ders. An appendix of eleven “Cartes Géographiques,"
which are excellent specimens of cartography, comes
Readers of Father Sheehan's admirable novels of
with the work as a separate pamphlet, not having been
Irish life and character (to say nothing of his striking completed in time for their insertion in the bound
poems) will be glad to make his acquaintance as an volume.
essayist. For this the opportunity is now offered by the
“Original Narratives of Early American History" is
publication (Longmans) of a volume of his “ Early Es-
the title of a new collection of reprints, fathered by the
says and Lectures," wherein he discourses instructively American Historical Association, and published by
and with fine intelligence upon such men as Emerson, Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons. The first volume has
Arnold, and Aubrey De Vere, and upon such themes as
for its subject “The Northmen, Columbus, and Cabot,”
« The German Universities,” « The German and Gaelic
the editing of the Norse texts being the work of Pro-
Muses,” and “ Irish Youth and High Ideals.”
fessor Julius E. Olson, and that of the Columbus and
Mr. Edmund G. Gardner's book on Ariosto, which he Cabot texts being done by Professor Edward G. Bourne.
calls by the rather cheap title “ The King of Court The volume could not have fallen into more competent
Poets" (Dutton), is a continuation of his « Dukes and hands than these. The second volume gives us “ Early
Poets of Ferrara.” It treats, in the first part, of the English and French Voyages,” largely taken from
political conditions in Italy in the early decades of the Hakluyt, and covering the period from Cartier's first
sixteenth century; and in the second, of Ariosto's works, journey up the St. Lawrence to the ill-fated Popham
the “ Orlando Furioso," the minor Latin poems, and the Colony. In between, we have the voyages of Hawkins
comedies. The poet is at times so lost sight of in the and Gilbert, and the early voyages to Virginia. Dr.
complex manœuvres of Italian politics that the work Henry S. Burrage is the editor of this volume.


1907.)
85
THE DIAL
nan-
NOTES.
Two biographical works of unusual interest an-
nounced for early publication by the Macmillan Co.
A translation, by Mr. Charles Henry Meltzer, of are “The Life and Letters of Edwin Lawrence Godkin,"
Hauptmann's play “Hannele” is announced for early by Mr. Rollo Ogden, editor of the “ New York Evening
publication by Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co.
Post”; and a volume on Emerson, by Professor George
A volume on François Rabelais by Mr. Arthur Tilley, E. Woodberry, in the “ English Men of Letters” series.
Fellow and Lecturer of King's College, Cambridge, will Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. will celebrate the
be published this month by Messrs. Lippincott Co. in centenary of Longfellow's birth on February 27 by
their “ French Men of Letters” series.
publishing a volume entitled “Henry Wadsworth Long-
“ The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius,” in Mr. John fellow: A Sketch of His Life,” by Professor Charles
Jackson's translation, with an introduction by Mr. Charles Eliot Norton. The autobiographical matter included in
Begg, is now added to the “Oxford Library of Trans the poet's notes written for the later editions of his
lations,” published by Mr. Henry Frowde.
poems, his correspondence, and his journals, will be laid
The February publications of Messrs. Duffield & under contribution for this book.
Company include a new novel by Charles Egbert Crad The March announcements of Messrs. T. Y. Crowell
dock entitled “The Windfall," and a volume on “The & Co. include the following: “The Ministry of David
Spirit of Labor" by Mr. Hutchins Hapgood.
Baldwin," a novel dealing with the conflict between old
The interesting articles on Jay Cooke and the school theologians and modern critics, by Mr. Henry T.
cing of the Civil War, now appearing in the “Century Colestock; “Orthodox Socialism,” by Professor James
Magazine,” will be included in the forthcoming Life of Edward Le Rossignol, of the University of Denver;
Cooke by Dr. Ellis P. Oberholtzer, announced by “Christ's Secret of Happiness,” by Dr. Lyman Abbott;
Messrs. George W. Jacobs & Co.
« The Greatest Fact in Modern History," by Hon.
“ The Horizon,” “a journal of the color line,” is a Whitelaw Reid; “ The Religious Value of the Old Tes-
little monthly publication written and printed by negroes,
tament,” by Professor Ambrose White Vernon, of Dart-
the first number of which has recently appeared. Pro-
mouth College.
fessor W. E. B. Du Bois is associated with the enter The following well-known authors will contribute
prise, which has its offices in Washington, D. C. new books to the spring list of Messrs. Houghton,
The series of common-sense health articles in the Mifflin & Co.: Kate Douglas Wiggin, author of “Re-
“World's Work,” by Dr. Luther H. Gulick, which have
becca of Sunnybrook Farm "; Norah Davis, author of
attracted a great deal of attention, will be embodied
“ The Northerner"; Ellen Olney Kirk, author of “Our
with many others in a book, entitled, “ The Active Life," Lady Vanity”; Mrs. M. E. M. Davis, author of “The
which Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co. will bring out in
Little Chevalier"; Andy Adams, author of “The Log
February
of a Cowboy”; Edward Waldo Emerson, editor of the
Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. have concluded arrange-
“Centenary” edition of Ralph Waldo Emerson's works;
ments to publish this year a new novel by William
and Thomas Wentworth Higginson, author of “Part of
de Morgan, whose “ Joseph Vance” has received such
a Man's Life.”
remarkable praise from leading critics both here and
A uniform handy-volume edition of the great writers
abroad. The new book (about which no particulars have
of fiction, issued at a low price, has long been a desid-
as yet been given out) will bear the rather striking title
eratum. Such a series is now announced by Messrs.
« Alice for Short."
A. C. McClurg & Co., who will publish early next fall
The Harpers hąve arranged for publication during
the first ten volumes of a dollar-a-volume series of re-
1907 new books by President Roosevelt, William Dean
prints from Dickens, Thackeray, Scott, George Eliot,
Howells, Sir Gilbert Parker, Mark Twain, Norman
and others, printed from new plates and issued under
Duncan, Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, Robert Hichens,
the general name of “ The Prairie Classics.” The vol-
Margaret Potter, Henry James, May Sinclair, Theodore
umes are to be the handy size of 43 x 7| inches; the
Watts-Dunton, Thomas A. Janvier, Frederick Trevor
type used is the excellent "Scotch face" made by the
Hill, Gertrude Atherton, Florence Morse Kingsley, and
Miller & Richard foundry at Edinburgh; and the paper
numerous others.
is the famous English Bible
paper. Each volume
The second volume of the “Cambridge English
will have a frontispiece in colors from the brush of Mr.
Classics” edition of Matthew Prior, to be published by
George Alfred Williams. These first ten titles will be
the Messrs. Putnam this spring, will increase the known
followed during 1908 by another group, and the plan
works of this writer by nearly a fifth. The hitherto un-
contemplates eventually completing each group.
printed prose “ Dialogues," seen and praised by Pope
but not hitherto allowed to be printed, will, by the kind
permission of the Marquis of Bath, be included in the
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
new volume, which, in addition to this, will contain a
large number of hitherto unprinted poems by Prior. [The following list, containing 68 titles, includes books
“ Sex and Society: Studies in the Social Psychology
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
of Sex," by Professor William I. Thomas, will be
BIOGRAPHY.
published at once by the University of Chicago Press.
Some of the chapters comprising this work excited
The Life, Letters and Work of Frederic Leighton. By
Mrs. Russell Barrington. In 2 vols., illus. in photogravure,
wide-spread discussion upon their first publication in color, etc., large 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. Macmillan Co.
the “ American Journal of Sociology.” Another book $10.50 net.
to be issued immediately by the same press is Mr.
Queen Margot, Wife of Henry of Navarre. By H. Noel
J. Dorsey Forrest's “ Development of Western Civ-
Williams. With photogravure portraits, 4to, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 409. Charles Scribner's Sons. $7.50 net.
ilization," a study in ethical, economic, and political Birket Foster, R.W.8. By H. M. Cundall, I.S.O. Illus. in
evolution.
color, etc., large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 216. Macmillan Co. $6. net.


86
[Feb. 1,
THE DIAL
HISTORY.
English Colonies in America. By J. A. Doyle, M.A. Vol.
IV., The Middle Colonies ; Vol. V., The Colonies under the
House of Hanover. Each 8vo. Henry Holt & Co. Per vol.,
$3.50.
The History of England, from the Accession of Henry VII.
to the Dea Henry VIII. (1485-1547). By H. A. L. Fisher,
M.A. With map, large 8vo, pp. 518. Longmans, Green & Co.
$2.60 net.
The Appeal to Arms. By James Kendall Hosmer, LL.D.
With maps, 8vo, gilt top, pp. 354. “American Nation."
Harper & Brothers. $2. net.
The Great Days of Versailles : Studies from Court Life in
the Later Years of Louis XIV. By G. F. Bradby. With por-
traits in photogravure, etc., 8vo, pp. 384. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.75 net.
ESSAYS AND GENERAL LITERATURE.
The Censorship of the Church of Rome and its Influence
upon the Production and the Distribution of Literature. By
George Haven Putnam, Litt.D. Vol. I., large 8vo, gilt top,
pp. 375. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.50 net.
A Literary History of the English People. By J. J.
Jusserand. Vol. II., Part I., From the Renaissance to the Civil
War. With photogravure frontispiece, large 8vo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 551. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3.50 net.
Literature of Libraries in the Seventeenth and Eight-
eenth Centuries. Edited by John Cotton Dana and Henry
W. Kent. New vols.: Sir Thomas Bodley's Life of Himself,
and Two Tracts on the Founding and Maintaining of
Parochial Libraries in Scotland. Each 18mo, uncut. A. C.
McClurg & Co. Sold only in sets of 6 vols. at $12. net.
Shelburne Essays, Fourth Series. By Paul Elmer More.
12mo, pp. 283. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net.
The Voice of the Machines: An Introduction to the Twen-
tieth Century. By Gerald Stanley Lee. 12mo, pp. 190.
Northampton, Mass.: Mount Tom Press. $1.25.
The Praise of Hypocrisy: An Essay in Casuistry. By G. T.
Knight, D.D. New edition, with a Preface by D. L. Maulsby;
16mo, pp. 85. Open Court Publishing Co.
Sources and Analogues of “The Flower and the Leaf":
A Dissertation. By George L. Marsh. Large 8vo, pp. 47.
University of Chicago Press. Paper.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
The Collected Works of Henrik Ibsen. Copyright edition;
revised and edited by William Archer. Vol. III., Brand.
12mo, pp. 262. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.
Medea, Trojan Women, and Electra of Euripides. Trans.
into English Rhyming Verse, with Notes, by Gilbert Murray,
M.A. 12mo, gilt top. Oxford University Press.
Herodotus, Histories - Books I. to III. Trans. by G. Wood-
rouffe Harris, B.A. 12mo, pp. 225. “New Classical Library."
Macmillan Co.
Cobbett's English Grammar. With Introduction by H. L.
Stephen. New edition ; 12mo, gilt top, pp. 232. London: Henry
Frowde. 90 cts. net.
BOOKS OF VERSE.
Holiday, and Other Poems; with a Note on Poetry. By John
Davidson. 18mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 156. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$1. net.
Easter-Song: Lyrics and Ballads of the Joy of Spring-time.
By Clinton Scollard. 12mo, uncut, pp. 64. Clinton, N. Y.:
George William Browning. $1.25.
The Heart of a Woman. By Almon Hensley. 12mo, gilt top,
pp. 174. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
FICTION.
By the Light of the Soul. By Mary E. Wilkins Freeman.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 498. Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
The Mystery. By Stewart Edward White and Samuel Hop-
kins Adams. Ilus., 12mo, pp. 286. McClure, Phillips & Co.
$1.50.
The Patriot (Piccolo Mondo Antico). By Antonio Fogazzaro;
trans. from the Italian by M. Prichard-Agnetti. 12mo,
pp. 516. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
The Privateers. By H. B. Marriott Watson. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 395. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.50.
The Second Generation. By David Graham Phillips. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 328. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
The Sovereign Remedy. By Flora Annie Steel. 12mo,
pp. 349. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.50.
Bettina By Eleanor Hoyt Brainerd. Illus. in color, etc.,
12mo, pp. 212. Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.25.
The Crucible of Circumstance. By Percy James Brebner.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 389. Frederick Warne & Co. $1.50.
The Mystery of Margaret. By Opie Read. Illus., 12mo,
gilt top. pp. 321. Chicago: Thompson & Thomas. $1.50.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
On the Great American Plateau : Wanderings among Can-
yons and Buttes, in the Land of the Cliff-Dweller, and the
Indian of To-day. By T. Mitchell Prudden. Mus., 12mo,
gilt top, pp. 243. G. P. Putmam's Sons. $2. net.
Hunting Big Game with Gun and Kodak: A Record of
Personal Experiences in the United States, Canada, and
Mexico. By William S. Thomas. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 240.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2. net.
THEOLOGY AND RELIGION.
Christianity in the Modern World. By D. S. Cairns, M.A.
12mo, pp. 314. Jennings & Graham. $1.50 net.
Sermons of a Buddhist Abbot: Addresses on Religions
Subjects. By Rt. Rev. Soyen Shaku, including the Sutra
of Forty-two Chapters; trans. from the Japanese MS. by
Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki. With portrait, 12mo, gilt top,
pp. 214. Open Court Publishing Co.
PUBLIC AFFAIRS.
The Dangers of Municipal Ownership. By Robert P.
Porter. Large 8vo, pp. 356. Century Co. $1.80 net.
The Working of the Railroads. By Logan G. McPherson.
12mo, pp. 273. Henry Holt & Co. $1.50 net.
The Making of the Criminal. By Charles E. B. Russell and
L. M. Rigby. 12mo, pp. 362. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
Municipal Control of Public Utilities. By Oscar Lewis
Pond, LL.B. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 115. Macmillan Co. Paper.
ART.
Decorative Plant and Flower Studies: For the Use of
Artists, Designers, Students, and Others; Containing 40
Coloured Plates Printed in Facsimile of the Original Draw.
ings, Accompanied by a Description and Sketch of each Plant
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in color, etc., 4to, gilt top. Charles Scribner's Sons. $15 net.
A History of Tapestry, from the Earliest Times until the
Present Day. By W. G. Thomson. Illustrated in color, etc.,
4to, gilt top, pp. 506. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
The Works of James McNeill Whistler: A Study. By
Elisabeth Luther Cary. With a Tentative List of the Artist's
Works. Illus. in photogravure, etc., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 303. Moffat, Yard & Co. $4. net.
European Enamels. By Henry H. Cunynghame, C. B. Illus. in
color, etc., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 188. Connoisseur's
Library." G. P. Putnam's Sons. $6.75 net.
Etchings of William Strang, A.R.A. With Introduction
by Frank Newbolt. Illus. in photogravure, etc., 4to, gilt top.
"The Great Etchers." Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50 net.
Delacroix. With Introduction by Henri Frantz. Illus. in pho-
togravure, etc., large 8vo. "Newnes' Art Library." Frederick
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An Anthology of German Literature. By Calvin Thomas,
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American History and Government: A Text-Book on
the History and Civil Government of the United States. By
James A. Woodburn, Ph.D., and Thomas F. Moran, Ph.D.
Illus., 8vo, pp. 476. Longmans, Green & Co. $1.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
Gerald the Sheriff : A Story of the Sea in the Days of William
Rufus. By Charles W. Whistler. Illus., 12mo, pp. 294.
Frederick Warne & Co. $1.50.
Kidnapped by Pirates. By S. Walkey. Illus., 12mo, pp. 299.
Frederick Warne & Co. $1.25.
R. Caldecott's Picture Books. Two vols., each containing
three stories, illus. in color, etc., 24mo. Frederick Warne &
Co. Per vol., 50 cts.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Morals in Evolution : A Study in Comparative Ethics. By
L. T. Hobhouse. In 2 vols., 8vo. Henry Holt & Co. $5. net.
Romance of the Italian Villas (Northern Italy). By Eliza-
beth W. Champney. Illus. in color, photogravure, etc., 8vo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 448. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3. net.


1907.)
87
THE DIAL
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SEX AND SOCIETY
Studies in the Social Psychology of Sex
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THI
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1907.]
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THE DIAL
Prizes for Economic Essays
FOURTH YEAR
In order to arouse an interest in the study of topics relating to commerce and industry, and
to stimulate an examination of the value of college training for business men, a committee com-
posed of
Professor J. LAURENCE LAUGHLIN, University of Chicago, Chairman;
Professor J. B. CLARK, Columbia University;
Professor HENRY C. ADAMS, University of Michigan;
HORACE WHITE, Esq., New York City, and
Hon. CARROLL D. WRIGHT, Clark College,
have been enabled, through the generosity of Messrs. Hart, Schaffner and Marx, of Chicago, to
offer again in 1908 four prizes for the best studies on any one of the following subjects :
1. An Examination into the Economic Causes of Large Fortunes in this Country.
2. The History of One Selected Railway System in the United States.
3. The Untouched Agricultural Resources of North America.
4. Resumption of Specie Payments in 1879.
5. Industrial Combinations and the Financial Collapse of 1903.
6. The Case against Socialism.*
7. Causes of the Rise of Prices since 1898.
8. Should Inequalities of Wealth be Regulated by a Progressive Income Tax?
9. The Effect of the Industrial Awakening of Asia upon the Economic Development
of the West.
10. The Causes of the Recent Rise in the Price of Silver.
11. The Relation of an Elastic Bank Currency to Bank Credits in an Emergency.
A Just and Practicable Method of Taxing Railway Property.
*Other phases of Socialism were suggested in previous years.
A First Prize of One Thousand Dollars, and
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are offered for the best studies presented by Class A, composed exclusively of all persons who
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Competitors are advised that the studies should be thorough, expressed in good English, and
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he is studying. The papers should be sent on or before June 1, 1908, to
J. Laurence Laughlin, Esq.,
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96
[Feb. 16, 1907.
THE DIAL
New Books Which Make for Happiness
Professor CARL HILTY'S new book THE STEPS OF LIFE: Further Essays on Happiness
Translated by Melvin Brandow, with an Introduction by Francis Greenwood Peabody, Professor of Christian
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their tone is one of tranquil reflection expressing the thoughtful observations of "a spiritually minded man
of the world."
Just ready. 264 12mo pages, gilt top, cloth, $1.25 net. (Postage 10 cents.)
Miss JANE ADDAMS'S new book NEWER IDEALS OF PEACE
Miss Addams finds among her immigrant neighbors forces of healing, and of militant good will, in increasing
power, and argues that if these become thus operative in society at large they will do away with war, political
or industrial.
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THE
DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
ENTERED AT THE CHICAGO POSTOFFICE AS SECOND-CLASS MATTER
BY THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS.
PAGE
.
-
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th
of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2. a year in advance,
CHEMISTRY AND CRITICISM.
postage prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico;
in other countries comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a
The classification of human beings as bro-
year for extra postage must be added. REMITTANCES should mides and sulphites, a product of the whimsical
be by check, or by express or postal order, payable to THE
invention of Mr. Gelett Burgess, is explained
DIAL COMPANY. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions
will begin with the current number. When no direct request
in considerable detail in his suggestive little
to discontinue at expiration of subscription is received, it is book, “ Are You a Bromide ?” For those not
assumed that a continuance of the subscription is desired.
ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All communi-
yet acquainted with this contribution to anthro-
cations should be addressed to
pology (or psychology), a few words of explana-
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. tion may be offered. Bromides, who are the
majority of mankind, “ all think and talk alike,”
their “minds keep regular office hours," and
they “may be depended upon to be trite, banal,
No. 496. FEBRUARY 16, 1907. Vol. XLII.
and arbitrary.” They are known by their use
of such “ bromidioms” as these : “ I don't know
CONTENTS.
much about Art, but I know what I like.” “I
CHEMISTRY AND CRITICISM
97
want to see my own country before I go abroad."
“ It isn't so much the heat (or the cold) as the
CASUAL COMMENT
: 99
humidity in the air.” Sulphites, on the other
The commercialization of literature. — The decay
of academic courage. — An endowed journal of lit-
hand, " are agreed upon most of the basic facts
erary criticism. - A year of magazine poetry. of life, and this common understanding makes
The sneeze in literature. — Fiction-reading as a
it possible for them to eliminate the obvious
“ rest cure." - Low-priced novels and the circulat-
ing libraries. — The annual report of the Library
from their conversation.” A sulphite is a per-
of Congress. The inaccuracies of an historical son who does his own thinking; he is a person
novelist.
who has surprises up his sleeve. He is ex-
COMMUNICATION . . .
101 plosive. One can never foresee what he will
The London Times and the Publishers. A Sci-
do, except that it will be a direct and spontan-
entific Editor.
eous manifestation of his own personality.”
PARSON AND KNIGHT. William Morton Payne . 102
Hamlet, Becky Sharp, and Mr. G. Bernard
THE DUAL STRUCTURE OF THE GERMAN Shaw are typical sulphites; examples of equally
EMPIRE. J. W. Garner .
typical bromides may be found in Polonius,
THOREAU IN HIS JOURNALS. F. B. Sanborn 107
Amelia Sedley, and Miss Marie Corelli.
Since reading the author's instructive expo-
SOCIALISTIC PRINCIPLES AND PROBLEMS.
sition of this new method of classification, our
Eunice Follansbee
110
Spargo's Socialism. — Jaurés's Studies in Socialism.
thought has been taking a chemical cast, and
- Practical Programme for Workingmen. — Flint's we have found a certain satisfaction in dwelling
Socialism.
upon other symbolisms of the same general na-
THE GREATEST OF FRENCH DRAMATISTS. ture, having in view books rather than persons,
A. G. Canfield
111
-a distinction without much difference, how-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
114 ever, since (to use a common bromidiom) a
A summary of contemporary English history. -
man's writing is sure to be the reflection of his
Lord Rosebery's interpretation of Lord Churchill.
-The fate of a theatre monopoly in England. -
personality. There is the old fancy of the four
English literature to Chaucer. - A feast of scraps. elements, for example, now superseded by the
- The most majestic of all poetry. - The authors fourscore of which we have exact knowledge,
and literature of Hungary. — Belated admirers of
Ibsen. --Some brilliant and eccentric court ladies.
with occasional additions to the list.
Is not a
Workers for public good in America.
parallel offered by the structural simplicity of
BRIEFER MENTION
117
the older literature as compared with the com-
plexity of the modern product? May we not
NOTES
117
suggest that the old books — the primitive sagas
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
118 and epics and myths — are compounded of four
.
.


98
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
if we may
elements? It does not seem to be forcing the the old, has its literary analogies. The work of
analogy overmuch to discover the element of literature, which was once supposed to be a
earth in the hunger-motive, that of air in the work of creation, springing from the personality
love-motive, that of fire in the fighting-motive, of its maker, now tends more and more to be-
and that of water in the nature-motive. These come the product formulated by rule and shaped
fundamental motives, as embodied in literature, from materials collected for the purpose. The
have been richly illustrated in Mr. Charles old injunction of poet to poet, “ Look in thy
Leonard Moore's recent contributions to our heart, and write,” has given place to the modern
pages. On the other hand, modern books are counsel (not of perfection), “ Look in thy scrap-
inadequately described in such simple terms. book, and piece together.” Thus are produced
They exhibit the fundamental elements, but the countless imitations of old patterns that
also many others, and the variety of their com now clamor for our attention, imitations having
pounds would be bewildering were we not sup a nicety of adjustment calculated to deceive all
plied with a critical chemistry for their proper but the elect few. No “vital principle” is
ordering. Take the element of love alone : it is longer needed for the production of song or
a comparatively simple matter in Homer and ballad ; the literary laboratory has become inde-
the Niebelungenlied and the balladry of the pendent of that old-fashioned agency, reproduc-
middle ages, but in the modern novel its forms ing all the old typical forms in flask or alembic,
are innumerable. Here is the opportunity for and supplementing them with countless varia-
our suggested chemical method of criticism, tions of its own devising.
which triumphantly responds to the exigency. Just as scientific chemistry has taken the
For in the new chemistry of the carbon-com- place of romantic alchemy, so has the craftsman
pounds we have an exact parallel to the new method of literary production taken the place
amorism of our ingenious modern novelists and of the old free play of creative imagination.
poets.
And the cherished impossibilities which were
Once started upon this flight of chemical the ideals of the alchemist
be
per-
analogy, fancy finds abundant material for exer mitted a still greater confusion of metaphor
cise. Collaborative books, for example, usually than has hitherto been indulged in — are now
illustrate the fundamental fact of chemical com realized in literature. Is not the modern maga-
bination, the fact that the elements in such a zine the exact analogue of that universal solvent
union lose their distinctive properties, the pro which the alchemist sought in vain, and is not
duct being like neither of its constituents. the modern novel the very type of his philoso-
Again, many a writer exhibits the phenomenon pher's stone that should transmute the baser
of allotropism, having under different conditions forms of matter into gold ? If his ideal of the
modes of expression so diverse as hardly to elixir of life still eludes our modern poets, there
suggest the same personality. Isomerism is fre are at least many of them who are fully con-
quently exemplified in literature. We may find vinced of having made that discovery also ; and
two books compounded apparently of the same this cheerful delusion is a very fair substitute
elements in the same proportions ; yet one of for the reality.
them may be an inspired creation of genius, and As a conclusion to this series of fanciful diva-
the other but the dullest of fabrications. The gations, we wish to bring forward, by way of
old theory of phlogiston affords another parallel supplement to the Bourgeois philosophy of
of highly suggestive character. According to bromides and sulphites, a classification of our
that ingenious doctrine, combustion (which Ours is a classification of writings rather
modern chemistry knows to be oxidation) meant than of persons, - which does not, however,
the loss of phlogiston — an element having set it essentially apart from the other, for it is
negative gravity — whereby the resultant sub- by expression that the bromide and the sulphite
stance was made heavier than the unconsumed are respectively indicated. There is known to
original. How many a writer, by a similar loss, chemists a classification of substances into crys-
has grown ponderous and inert! Wordsworth talloids and colloids, and the method of strain-
was evidently dephlogisticated when he wrote ing through a membrane whereby they may be
the “ Ecclesiastical Sonnets,” and most sequels distinguished and separated is called dialysis,
to works of genius show that the volatile which fact seems to justify us in claiming a cer-
element has escaped.
tain proprietorship in the critical analogue of
The synthesis of organic compounds, which this physical process. Only the briefest of
so definitely separates the new chemistry from characterizations is here possible. Crystalloid
own.


1907.]
99
THE DIAL
sume.
OF
writing has a distinctive form which it usually I have not known in actual practice, and although
assumes if free to make the proper molecular the publishing business in America is in a lower
adjustments, and which it always tends to as estate than it has been before since I knew it, I
It has angles and facets, is subject to
have had, and have, the privilege of knowing sev-
laws of internal strain, and offers marked re-
eral men in it who live up to the best that I have
sistance to external forces. Colloid writing, claimed, and find their account in it despite the com-
on the other hand, is essentially amorphous and lishers and all authors lived up to Mr. Holt's high
petition of methods that they scorn.”
If all pub-
gluey ; its molecules seem to recognize no laws
ideals of commercial honor, what a happy life the
of symmetry, and are ready to shape themselves literary life would be !
in accordance with whatever pressure, internal
or external, may be exerted upon them. To THE DECAY OF ACADEMIC COURAGE is the subject
name a few contrasted pairs of writers is the of some plain words by a college professor, in a
best way to illustrate our meaning. Tennyson recent number of the “Educational Review.” The
and Browning, Tourguénieff and Tolstoy, sting of the text lies not in the implication that the
Brunetière and Lemaître, Schopenhauer and professor is losing his valor, but that the conditions
Schelling, may be suggested as such pairs. of control in the higher education are so autocratic
Hundreds of others will occur to the reader
and intolerant that it requires an uncommon amount
upon a little reflection. Since the function of
of courage to stand up and point out the dangers
this journal, as we take it, is dialytical in the
and injustice of the status quo. The editor of the
“Review” rejects these conclusions, and declares
sense here indicated, we have allowed ourselves
that “It must be an unquestioned fact to any but
the above exposition (“Marry, how ? Tropi- the totally and wilfully blind that the academic
cally”) of an original principle of applied career was never so dignified, so respected, so hon-
chemistry as related to literary criticism. ored, so courageous, so independent, so free, as at
the very moment of writing these words. Any
statement to the contrary is absolutely unjustified,
unwarranted by the facts, contrary to the facts.”
CASUAL COMMENT.
Notwithstanding the sweeping and vehement char-
THE COMMERCIALIZATION
acter of this rejoinder, we can hardly regard the
LITERATURE is
again forcibly treated by Mr. Henry Holt, the vet-
discussion as thereby closed. There are various
eran publisher, whose paper in the current “Put-
ways of conducting the complex affairs of state, and
in
nam's” is a sort of supplement to his earlier
any
fair consideration of the dignity and comfort
utterance on the subject which was published in the
of the college professor's position this useful if
“ Atlantic” of November, 1905, exciting much
modest functionary has a right to say how the thing
comment and discussion. His latest word is in the
looks to him. The enormous progress of our uni-
nature of a reiteration, with courteous replies to
versities and colleges appeals to the popular admi-
hostile critics. Many slurs upon publishers are
ration of success, and there is little danger of a lack
rightly resented by him as a self-respecting member
of appreciation of the man with his hand on the
of the guild, while he also undertakes to plead the
throttle — the man who makes things go. But there
cause of self-respecting authors and to show that
are some burning questions (particularly as to the
the literary agent is a personage that can commonly
woeful poverty of teachers' and professors' incomes)
be dispensed with. The distinction between matter
that must soon occupy, in a very practical temper,
that can place itself and matter that needs placing
a prominent place in the discussions of academic
welfare.
goes to the bottom of the whole question: matter of
the first kind needs no agent; that of the second no AN ENDOWED JOURNAL OF LITERARY CRITICISM
But Mr. Holt admits that has appeared, and in a quarter where we should
the agent can sometimes be of service in selling perhaps least look for it — the Republic of Mexico.
serial and dramatic rights, and the rights to publish It is the Revista Critica, and makes the interesting
in foreign countries or in the colonies. With these announcement that the government of Vera Cruz
exceptions any business between author and pub- has extended to it a generous financial support. It
lisher that the author prefers not to attend to in is thus probably the first periodical of its kind in our
person can better be placed in an honest lawyer's hemisphere to receive State aid. It is also the official
hands than in a literary agent's. The “some of the organ of the Associacion Literaria Internacional
time” that all the people can be fooled by the lit- Americano, a society which has for its purpose the
erary agent has passed, says Mr. Holt; and the fostering of literature in all the Spanish American
“some of the people” that can be fooled all the countries. The headquarters of this Association are
time are too few to furnish the agent lucrative at Havana. In Havana, too, there is just launched
employment. Answering the objection that Mr. a new magazine, “ America,” in whose pages the
Holt's publisher is an ideal creation, non-existent in poets and romance writers of the league will try to
the flesh, he says: “I have suggested no ideal that I gain a public. There seems to be a genuine awak-
agent has
any use for.


100
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
a
ening of literary interest and literary talent in the which 5
possess distinction.” These poems of " dis-
great Southlands. There is a stirring of many
tinction" are then named, their authorship given,
wings and a chorus of voices. But indeed, to one and the magazines in which they appeared desig-
who knows anything of these beautiful regions, who nated. Of course the element of personal bias is
remembers their picturesque history, it is a matter not to be overlooked in all this ; but Mr. Braith-
of wonder that they have not sooner challenged waite has already done good work for the cause of
and caught the world's attention by great works. poetry — witness his recent excellent compilation of
These peoples inherit the Latin art instinct, and in “ Elizabethan Verse” — and his authority as
the Spanish language have one of the most beautiful critic is not contemptible.
and harmonious instruments of expression mankind
has yet invented. And their special qualities of THE SNEEZE IN LITERATURE, and more especially
bravery, courtesy, and hospitality, which rise to
in folk-lore, might be made the subject of a curi-
romantic heights, are a guarantee that there will be ously interesting and probably voluminous treatise.
no failure of literary material or makers. It is time
To begin with, the Arabs tell us that the universe
that our North American indifference to the intel-
itself is the happy result of a sneeze by Allah, which
lectual life of our nearest neighbors should cease. at once delivers us from a tangle of philosophical
“ 'Tis ignorance which makes a barren waste and metaphysical .argument and disputation. A
Of all beyond ourselves."
Norwegian scholar has lately made some researches
Perhaps the real Athens or Florence or Weimar in the customs and superstitions that have to do
of our Occidental world may some day find itself with sneezing, and a few of his discoveries are worth
located on the borders of the Gulf of Mexico, in an noting. In China, where etiquette rules supreme,
island of the Carribean Sea, or under the shadow of whenever the premonitions of a sneeze make them-
the Andes.
selves manifest all present fold their hands in prayer
A YEAR OF MAGAZINE POETRY is the subject of
and bow to the earth until the explosion is over;
an interesting study contributed by Mr. William then they all voice their pious hope that the bones
Stanley Braithwaite to the Boston “Transcript.
of the sneezer's illustrious ancestors have not been
Six leading American monthlies, the same half
disturbed by the earth-spirit. Contrariwise, the
dozen that furnished material for a similar article Japanese consider it not good form to take any
last year, have again been overhauled, their poems
notice of a sneeze unless its author chance to belong
counted and graded and classified, and some gen-
to the Fox Clan, in which case sacrifices are offered
eral deductions drawn. The writer declares that
to the Fox God. This is not unlike our own polite
" students and lovers of poetry know conclusively practice of repressing or mufling the sneeze if
there is written to-day infinitely better verse than possible, and of taking little notice of it if it escapes
nine-tenths of what gets printed in magazines. And
control. Some European nations, as the Germans,
they know that these pieces are being constantly
have a formula to avert the ill omen of a sneeze,
rejected by editors." This exclusion of good poetry
or to make sure that it be of happy omen to the
is supposed to be due to an editorial regard for what
“Prosit !” greets the ears of the aston-
the public presumably demands, and also to space
ished Anglo-Saxon upon his first sneeze in Teutonic
requirements in the make-up of a magazine page
territory. Some peoples use a phrase equivalent
according to traditional rules. In matters of more
to “God help you !” or “God bless you!”—the
It
detail, let us quote: “The space devoted to verse by latter form dating from Saint Gregory's time.
these periodicals against that of prose in 1906 varies
was while he was pope that an epidemic (probably
little from that of 1905. The average is about 9700
the influenza, or, as we should say now, the grippe)
pages
of prose to 220 of verse. The poems in the
broke out in Italy and set all the people to sneez-
six magazines numbered 340, the total being appor-
ing. This attack was called “the death-sneeze,"
tioned as follows: Lippincott's 88 pieces, Harper's and Pope Gregory issued an edict that all who sur-
78, Century 61, Scribner's 51, Atlantic Monthly
vived this paroxysm of sneezing should exclaim,
35, McClure's 27. Lippincott's, publishing the
“God bless my soul !” All of this, and much else
largest number, presented the lowest order of ability
more marvellous, may be read in the book of the
or merit; 8 out of the 88.come within the standard
sneezer out of Norway.
of acceptance by intrinsic merit, though only 3 pos-
sess any distinction to appeal impressively through FICTION-READING AS A
is not likely
some single quality. Harper's is second by num soon to go out of vogue. Indeed it may be said to
bers, printing 78, 11 attaining the merit class from have a great future before it. The hurried and
which 4 elevate themselves through essentially worried, the nervous and distracted, the business
poetic achievement. The Century stands third with and professional men who see much of the seamy
61, 10 of which above the merit average include 8 side of life, all demand, and will continue to de-
of decided poetic distinction. Scribner's follows in mand, in the leisure hour of dressing-gown and slip-
fourth place with 51, 7 of which are worthy of pers, a bright and brisk and optimistic picture of
classification, with 4 distinctively excellent. The things as they should be but are not, in the form
Atlantic Monthly contained 35, 9 having merit, of of fiction. In addition to these classes of novel-
sneezer.
REST CURE


1907.]
101
THE DIAL
readers is the large number of ladies (and gentlemen THE INACCURACIES OF AN HISTORICAL NOVELIST
too) of elegant leisure who make a serious business namely, Mr. Winston Churchill – are resented
of novel-reading, visiting the circulating library per- by a newspaper of Mr. Churchill's adopted state.
haps every day but Sunday to exchange the next He is reported from Washington as sending back
to-the-last for the very latest new novel. A bright word to New Hampshire that he is still alive, and
young lady, entering a London library and asking as telling the reporter in the same breath that "ever
for the very latest new novel, was requested to be since New Hampshire has been a state it has been
more specific, as eight new novels had come in that owned by the railroad.” To this a Concord (N. H.)
morning. “Oh," she replied, " then I 'll have the newspaper indignantly replies: “Mr. Churchill of
one that came in last.” Ste. Beuve used to deplore late never loses his character as an historical novel-
the increasing vogue of the novel, as a form of lit- ist, and his interviews, like his novels, are curiously
erature destined to swallow up all other varieties ; and unnecessarily inexact. New Hampshire has
and already it has encroached on the domain of been a state since 1784. Its first railroad was
history, of sociology, of psychology, of religion, of chartered about 1840. Yet Mr. Churchill says
finance (witness Mr. Lawson's forthcoming "Friday the railroad has owned us ever since we have been
the Thirteenth "), and even of natural science. a state.'” This is inexact enough, surely; but some
Those who watch the signs of the times in the lit allowance is doubtless to be made to a young man
erary world predict an increasing demand for books so recently defeated by the railroad in his heroic
in the coming years ; and of these books the greater effort to purify the politics of his state and to get
number must, while human nature continues to be himself elected its chief magistrate.
human nature, be books that amuse rather than
instruct. The outlook for the novel is therefore a
bright one. In the increasing complexity and inten-
sity and strenuosity of modern life, the novel's chief
mission may well prove to be that of a “rest cure
COMMUNICATION.
a name first applied to it by Mrs. Cecil Thurston.
THE LONDON TIMES AND THE PUBLISHERS.
LOW-PRICED NOVELS AND THE CIRCULATING LI-
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
BRARIES seem to represent conflicting interests in Having followed the “ Times Book War” with keen
England. Word comes from London that one large interest, I naturally read your recent article “O Tem-
publishing house is now issuing works of fiction at pora ! O Mores !” with much appreciation. Two state-
half-a-crown instead of six shillings — a reduction ments in it, however, do not accord with the facts so far
of over half its former price and the price still
as I have been able to gather them.
asked by other publishers. With this reduction, the (1) “ The book publishers made the modest request
standard of manufacture being kept up, it is evident
that. The Times 'should not resort to under-cutting dur-
ing a period of six months from the date of a book's first
that only large editions will pay; hence novels
appearance. This was flatly refused. ..." On this I have
unlikely to command a good sale would be barred
to remark, (a) that the request referred only to net books;
from publication. This low price could be afforded
(b) that it was not a modest request confined to under-
only if the novel-reading public should cease to de cutting the sale of new books, but an ultimatum that no
pend so largely on the circulating library, and buy net book, however damaged by wear or otherwise second-
books direct. A general reduction of price among hand, should be retailed at one farthing less than its full
publishers of fiction would thus become a serious price within six months of its publication; (c) that neither
matter to the circulating libraries.
the modest request nor the dictatorial rule were flatly
refused, for “ The Times” claims that it has not sold
THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LIBRARY OF CON-
and does not sell new net books on any other terms than
GRESS is not the least interesting reading imaginable.
those laid down by the publishers. In this matter I have
every reason to believe that “The Times” is speaking the
As was recently remarked of this library by a Lon-
truth; and the Publishers' Association has failed to prove
don literary journal, its size and importance do not
the contrary.
seem to be generally realized, at least outside the
(2) 6 * The Times' retorted by declaring a boycott.”
United States. According to Librarian Putnam's This is very nearly the opposite of the truth. So far
latest figures, the library now has 1,379,244 books, from “ The Times” boycotting the publishers, it has
89,869 maps and charts, 437,510 pieces of music, made every effort to obtain their books, and has pur-
214,276 prints, besides a large number of manu-
chased them at full retail prices rather than disappoint
scripts that are not yet counted and catalogued.
its subscribers. It has, indeed, appealed to its subscribers
Among the many interesting additions of the year are
not to force it to purchase these books at such a loss;
Professor J.P. MacLean's collection of Shaker litera-
but I repeat, it has not boycotted the book publishers,
either in trade, or in its reviews, or in its correspondence
ture, believed to be the largest in existence; a mass of
columns.
Van Buren papers, comprising about 1700 letters and
Forgive this intrusion by a stranger; but your senti-
political documents; and some five hundred letters ments are so admirable that I thought you might be
and other documents dating from 1777 to 1810, from glad to have your facts correct as well.
the papers of Senator James Brown of Louisiana.
A SCIENTIFIC EDITOR.
The daily average attendance of readers was 2243. Wimbledon, England, Feb. 2, 1907.


102
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
The New Books.
cept Maitland. He might write a short article
or so.”
That the “ short article” has become
a stout volume, telling in much detail the story
PARSON AND KNIGHT.*
of Stephen's life, and preserving a large amount
A book published in 1861, called “The
of his revealing and altogether delightful corre-
Alps," was ascribed on the title-page to “ the
spondence, will hardly be held chargeable as
Rev. Leslie Stephen.” The volume on Hobbes,
a fault to the biographer, although in under-
contributed to the “ English Men of Letters
taking so large a task he exceeded Stephen's
series in 1904, was declared to be the work of
modest instructions. He says:
“ Sir Leslie Stephen.” Few of us recall the
“I feel that in writing so much as I propose to write,
I shall go beyond, though certainly I shall not trans-
earlier designation, and the later one never be-
gress, the letter of his expressed wish; and it seems
came widely familiar, because it was the visible well for me to say why this is done. That short
sign of an honor conferred near the close of the article or so' about somebody else he could have writ-
author's life. But the name “ Leslie Stephen,"
ten to perfection; but I cannot write it even imperfectly.
unadorned by any mark of artificial distinction,
The powers, natural and acquired, which enabled him
to sum up a long life in a few pages, to analyze a char-
has meant a great deal to readers of many kinds,
acter in a few sentences, are not at my disposal, nor did
from mountaineers to philosophers, for the past I observe Stephen as some expert in psychology, or as
thirty or forty years; and when the famous some heaven-born novelist might have observed him.
Alpinist, literary critic, biographer, historian,
. . I do not think that the public will be entitled
to complain if it gets some first-hand evidence instead
and agnostic died, not quite three years ago,
of my epitome of it, and if Stephen himself saw the
there must have been many thousands, in both short article or so'swelling to the size of a book, he
England and America, who felt that his death would shake his head, it is true, but he would acquit
was a serious loss to humanity. Even the most
me of anything worse than clumsiness and verbosity."
favorable conditions of native aptitude and cul-
One of the most interesting chapters in this
tural environment do not often produce so rare
book is that which is devoted to Stephen's first
a combination of scholarly equipment, keenness visit to the United States. It was undertaken
of logical perception and philosophical analysis, chiefly for the purpose of studying the Civil
grace of persuasive style, sincerity of purpose, War at close range, and collecting controversial
and sanity of mind. His life was an example ammunition for use at home. Stephen had a
of so many of the virtues that it affords an deep-seated (and even hereditary) hatred of
unusually worthy object for our contemplation, slavery and all its works, and he was one of
and the biography now published should be the
the small group of Englishmen, the group
which
most welcome of books to all whose interests included Mill and Bright, who understood the
are engaged in the highest ideals of thought and American situation clearly, and who knew that,
conduct.
whatever questions of theoretical politics might
The task of portraying this rich and many-
be raised to obscure the issue by Southern
sided life has fallen into the best of hands. The sympathizers, the practical question at stake
late Frederic William Maitland, who completed was that of the “ peculiar institution." In the
the work last October, and whose own death we summer of 1863, having stoutly championed the
have since been called upon to deplore, was one
Northern cause during the first two years of the
of Stephen's most intimate friends during the conflict, Stephen started for America that he
last quarter-century of his life. He was one of might make observations on the spot. He knew
that goodly company of " Sunday tramps” who little of American public men and writers, and
for fifteen years explored under Stephen's lead-
6 had not
any notion that he was going to make
ership the highways and byways of England; he acquaintance with American men of letters,
became Stephen's kinsman by marriage ; and he still less that some of them were to be his most
was designated in Stephen's dying message to his intimate friends."
intimate friends.” If it were not for his later
children as the one who should prepare whatever correspondence with the friends whom he made
" short article" or " appreciation 66 notice
during this visit, the volume now under review
might be called for. Almost the last words would have a greatly diminished interest, and
pencilled by Stephen upon his death-bed were not for Americans alone. The score of letters
these : “ Any sort of life’ of me is impossible, addressed to Lowell, and the fourscore to Mr.
if only for the want of materials. Nor should Charles Eliot Norton, make up a highly impor-
I like you to help anybody to say anything ex tant part of Mr. Maitland's work.
Stephen reached this country just after Lee's
* THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF LESLIE STEPHEN. By Frederic
William Maitland. Illustrated. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. retreat from Pennsylvania and Grant's capture
or


1907.]
103
THE DIAL
and we
I
on."
of Vicksburg. He landed at Halifax, and at Stephen found it hard work explaining to
once proceeded to Boston. His first letter home Americans the state of English “ barbarian "
speaks of meeting “Holmes, a rather well-known opinion upon the subject of the war.
literary gent,” and receiving cards from Field “I really don't know how to translate into civil lan-
and Lowell. A week later he finds himself much guage what I have heard a thousand times over in
at home with his new friends, and describes
England: that both sides are such a set of snobs and
blackguards that we only wish they could both be
them as “really very pleasant, well educated
licked, or that their armies are the scum of the earth
men, like the best class of Cambridge men. and the war got up by contractors, or that the race is
Lowell “ really is one of the pleasantest men I altogether degenerate and demoralized, and it is pleasant
ever met.” Holmes is -
very
kind and wonder-
to see such a set of bullies have a fall. I really can't
fully talkative, but with a good deal of sense
tell them all these little compliments, which I have heard
in private conversation word for word, and which are a
and really impressing me as an extremely clever
free translation of • Times' and Saturday Review,' even
man.” The note struck by this repeated use of if I introduce them with the apology (though it is a
the word “really” is a sufficient index of that really genuine apology) that we know nothing at all
"condescension in foreigners” about which
about them.”
Lowell wrote with such lambent satire;
Stephen made a trip to Philadelphia and was
make no doubt that it was many times uncon-
oppressed by the hospitalities of his lawyer-host.
sciously sounded by Stephen during these early
“Whenever we meet any one he knows in the streets,
he clutches hold of him and introduces the Rev. Mr.
New England days. It is amusing to come upon Stephen, the nephew of the celebrated lawyer,' or 'the
the ending to the letter from which we have just son of the celebrated historian,' according to the sup-
quoted.
posed proclivities of the victim, and begs him to take
“ I know you will think I have spoken too favourably
me to his extensive coalyard or to his lunatic asylum or
of my friends over here. I am, of course, in the best
his world-famous book-store, or his church, or in fact to
and most English part of the country. Perhaps I shall
anything that is his."
find things worse as go
An invasion of Girard College was escaped by
This apprehension became sadly justified when pleading benefit of clergy.
Chicago was reached a few weeks later. He says
“ The founder, gaining my eternal gratitude thereby,
of the denizens of that frontier community that
but being, I fear, a shocking old scapegrace, declared
in his will that no clergyman was ever to set foot in
“their manners are those of bagmen and their
this building, and you have to give your honour that you
customs are spitting.” A few other fragments are not in any sense a priest before entering it. I joy-
relating to this visit may be quoted. Newport fully declined, and avoided presentation to the orphans.”
was responsible for a splenetic outburst : After making a brief visit to the seat of war in
“ It is hatefully flat and apparently devoid even of Virginia, Stephen returned to England, and
good bathing. However, I could not stay in it long, for poured hot shot into the “ Times” by publish-
I felt thạt disgust arising which always comes to me at
ing a pamphlet on the American War.
Interlaken or any of those vile haunts of all that is most
contemptible in humanity, called watering-places."
The story of Stephen's separation from the
church in which he had taken orders was related
A few days in Washington brought him into
in the deeply interesting reminiscences which he
contact with Seward and Lincoln. Of the latter
wrote several years ago, and the present biog-
we read :
raphy supplements in various ways the personal
“ In appearance he is
ch better than I expected. confession made upon that occasion. The process
He is more like a gentleman to look at than I should
have given him credit for from his pictures. He has a
does not seem to have been a particularly distress-
particularly pleasant smile, a jolly laugh, and altogether ing one. He sloughed off the theological integu-
looks like a benevolent and hearty old gentleman.” ment of his early life as naturally as a crustacean
Seward did not make so good an impression.
casts off its outworn shell, and if there were any
“ He is a little, rather insignificant-looking man, with
“growing pains ” attendant upon the change, he
a tendency to tell rather long-winded and rather point- kept them to himself. “In truth, I did not feel
less stories, and to make those would-be profoundly that the solid ground was giving way beneath
philosophical observations about the manifest destiny
my feet, but rather that I was being relieved of
and characteristics of the American people, of which
Americans have got a string ready for use on all occa-
a cumbrous burden. I was not discovering that
sions, and all of which I now know by heart. He . my creed was false, but that I had never really
rather provoked me, as I was telling him something of believed it.” The separation did not take place
the friends of the North in England and mentioning with any startling dramatic accompaniment, but
Mill, by calling him · Monkton Mill'— a depth of de-
liberate ignorance to which I should have hoped no
was a gradual process covering a period of several
decent human being on the other side of the Atlantic years. It was nearly completed at the time of
would have descended.”
the first visit to America. He wrote to his mother


104
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
that subscription to the Episcopal Church in
America “must be pleasingly lax.”
“ A bishop asked a candidate for ordination the other
day whether he believed the thirty-nine Articles. Can-
didate said he didn't. Bishop asked whether he agreed
with the principal articles. Candidate replied that he
would rather not commit himself. Candidate was passed,
the bishop saying that he had no authority to inquire
into anything but his willingness to use the Liturgy. I
wish bishops had as much sense in England.”
When Stephen ceased to be a parson and be-
came a philosopher he had perhaps, all told,
preached some twenty-five sermons. An amus-
ing incident of the parliamentary campaign for
the election of his friend Fawcett seems to show
that while still a clergyman he was a human
being. It was the day of the election.
“ The language became loud; the chairman of the
room, one X, not a tall man, scattered his big D's
about freely. Stephen entered, he had lost himself, and
his language was such that it sobered X, who crept up
to him, took his left arm in both hands, and said: Oh,
Mr. Stephen, don't take on so; the General Election will
come in a year, when we shall want a second candidate
to run with Fawcett, and we have made up our minds
that you are the man we should like.' Stephen tore his
left arm so roughly away that he nearly threw X on
the ground, while he shouted (something about X's soul,
and then] • Don't you know that I'm a parson ?'”
It was in 1866 that Stephen became engaged
to Miss Thackeray, and we may quote a few
characteristic remarks from the letter in which
he announces the event to Mr. (now Justice)
Oliver Wendell Holmes.
“ As for Miss Thackeray, I believe that it would be
proper that I should give you some description of her,
or, at least, quote poetry about her. I 'll see you damned
first.
“Do you know what it feels like to be engaged ?
The experience of three days or so of the state enables
always tends to shrivel up a cove's faculties to live as a
bachelor in a bachelor society with very little external
communication. One gets rusty and stupid and morose,
and even a comparatively family and social existence in
London had not undonned me. I was wanting much to
take root, and am truly thankful I have done so to my
heart's content. In short, I am very happy indeed, and
don't mind saying so.”
A visit to America in 1868 yields many notes
upon places and personalities, among them this
about a call from Mr. Emerson :
“He is considered to be a great prophet in Yankee-
land, though I don't much worship him. However, he
has the merit of being a singularly mild, simple kind of
old fellow, who does not presume in the least upon the
reverence of his worshippers. . . . He was so kind and
benevolent, and talked so much like a virtuous old saint,
that we could not help liking him."
In connection with this note, we may quote what
Stephen wrote a few years later about Carlyle.
He was speaking of his brother, J. F. Stephen,
and said :
* Oddly enough, he has been, in my opinion, a good deal
corrupted by old Carlyle. I never before had so much
respect for the extraordinary vigour of that person, till
I saw how much influence he could exercise over a man
who is little enough disposed to sit at anybody's feet. I
see the prophet pretty often myself, and though I am not
so independent a character as J. F.S., I am almost equally
repelled and attracted by him. Personally, indeed, I
am simply attracted, for he is a really noble old cove
and by far the best specimen of the literary gent we
can at present produce. He has grown milder too with
age. But politically and philosophically he talks a good
deal of arrant and rather pestilent nonsense -- that is,
of what I call nonsense. He is indeed a genuine poet
and a great humorist, which makes even his nonsense
attractive in its way; but nonsense it is and will remain,
and, though it is as well to have a man of genius to give
one the corrective of the ordinary twaddle, it is a pity
that he is not comprehensive enough to see the other side
as well."
kinds
of intellectual and human interest (even more
human than intellectual) that one is sure of
“pickings” at whatever page the biography
may chance to be opened. A few bits, taken at
random, may give some further idea of its qual-
ity, and fill up our remaining space.
“ As a matter of fact, Switzerland in the winter is just
as accessible as England, and much pleasanter in some
ways, owing to the comparative scarcity of Englishmen."
I must now turn to certain wretched MSS. and put
their authors out of misery. It is not right, I fear, to
toss up, as it would save me a great deal of trouble, and
come to much the same thing in the end."
“ I like some particular boys; but the genus boy seems
to me one of nature's mistakes. Girls improve as they
grow up; but the boy generally deteriorates, and, in our
infernal system, has to be sent away to school and made
into more or less of a brute."
“I said nothing to you of politics; because, in truth,
that department of the world seems to me to be given
over for the present to the devil, in whom I entertain a
Because it is interediblypleksdogicall'aiutere ting on Stephen's letters are so rich in so many
days ago that I could contain so much happiness. (2)
Because it makes an absolute breach of continuity in
time. About December 3, in this year, the current of
my life was parted by a chasm of inappreciable breadth.
I should say at a guess that about ten years came in
between two consecutive seconds, or rather, though we
metaphysicians say that time should be represented by
a line, this part of time seems to be fairly represented
thus. [A diagram.] Intelligisne domine ? (3) Ever since
this dislocation, time has been going like a clock with
the pendulum off, at the devil's own pace. How many
weeks or months go to a day is beyond my arithmetic.
I won't bother you with any more of my feelings, but
I know that you are an admirer of H. Spencer, and
might like a little psychological analysis."
In a later letter to Mr. Holmes, written just
after marriage in the following summer, we find
these philosophical reflections :
“ To say the truth, I believe myself to have been very
much in want of a wife, and to have been not a little
spoiled by my donnish existence at Cambridge. It


1907.]
105
THE DIAL
that you
kind of provisional belief, so long as things go on in this mostly original, and affords abundant evidence
perverse fashion.”
of wide and painstaking research. The only
“ The female student is at present an innocent ani-
mal, who wants to improve her mind and takes orna-
criticism worth mentioning relates to the title
mental lectures seriously, not understanding with her
of his book, which is misleading, since the work
brother students that the object of study is to get a relates almost entirely to a single aspect of the
good place in an examination, and that lectures are a German Empire, its constitution.
vanity and a distraction."
The German Empire is the only nation in
“Of other books, I have got on my table William
James's new essays. They look bright, like all his
the world to-day in which a federal system of
writings He is the one really lively philosopher; but government is combined with the monarchical
I am afraid that he is trying the old dodge of twisting principle. In this respect, and also in the con-
faith' out of moonshine."
stitutional inequality of the constituent members
“You spoke of the • X'critic who took Poe and Walt
of which it is formed, it differs widely from the
Whitman for the representatives of your literature.
That seems to me pardon the remark
federal republics of the western hemisphere.
have not kept yourself posted up in the youthful British
But in other notable particulars it possesses
critic. Some time ago he took up the pair in question striking similarities. The difficult problem of
because they were both rather naughty and eccentric, adjusting the relations between the central
and it seemed original to put them above their betters.
Poe was, I think, as Lowell said, “ 3 parts of him genius power and the individual units has there been
and 1 part sheer fudge' (perhaps «3' is too high a pro-
solved in a manner very different from that of
portion) at any rate, a man of genius, though he any other state having a dual system of govern-
ruined it very soon. W. W. always seems to me Em-
ment under a common sovereignty. Some of its
erson diluted with Tupper - twaddle with gleams of
contributions to the solution of the problems of
something better. But I quite agree with you that the
critic was silly, or rather a young gentleman misled by this sort of government are wholly original, and,
a temporary •fad'- I have written so much criticism we believe, in thorough accord with sound prin-
alas ! that I have acquired a disgust for the whole ciples of political science. The lessons which
body of it - including my own."
they teach therefore merit the careful study of
With these miscellaneous bits we send our citizens of the great federal republic of North
readers to the storehouse from which they came America, who must needs find solutions for some
- to the wonderfully discreet and sympathetic of the unsettled problems of our dual political
record of a lovable character and a noble life. system.
“ Many are alive and will say with me," remarks The topics of Dr. Howard's treatise are prin-
the biographer in closing, “ that to have known cipally these : The founding of the Empire ; its
Leslie Stephen is part of our life's unalterable relation to the states composing it; the Impe-
good.'” . And many others, now coming to know rial Legislature (Bundesrath and Reichstag);
the man for the first time in the revelations of the Emperor ; the Chancellor ; Citizenship in
these
pages, will give the sentiment a heartfelt the Empire ; the Judicial system ; the gov-
echo.
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. ernment of the Reichsland (Alsace Lorraine);
the Imperial Fiscal system ; and the Army and
Navy. The treatment of each of these subjects
is lucid, accurate, and discriminating. It is
THE DUAL STRUCTURE OF THE GERMAN especially in the exposition of legal and con-
EMPIRE.*
stitutional relations that Dr. Howard is at his
While there is no lack of learned works on best. He has a preëminently juristic bent of
the constitutional law of the German Empire mind, as well as a faculty for clear and concise
by German writers such as the commentaries statement.
of Laband, Zorn, Meyer, and Schulze — we In the brief compass of this review, no at-
have hitherto had no systematic treatise pub- tempt will be made to do more than state the
lished in the English language. Dr. Burt Estes position which the author takes on several im-
Howard, an American scholar who, we are told, portant matters of German constitutional law.
has been a close student of German history and Concerning the legal structure of the Empire,
politics for many years, has done much to sup he maintains that its constituent elements are
ply this want in his excellent book on “ The not citizens or subjects, but states ; and that
German Empire,” which will probably rank sovereignty resides not in the Emperor, nor in
among
the standard briefer treatises of the Ger the people, but in the totality of the states, i. &.,
mans. It is based entirely on German sources, in the Bundesrath. This is the view also of
the abler German commentators. The Kaiser
• THE GERMAN EMPIRE. By Burt Estes Howard. New York:
The Macmillan Co.
is not monarch of the Empire, but monarch in


106
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
;
the Empire ; not Kaiser von Deutschland, but the judicial and legal system, which constitutes
Deutscher Kaiser. He is not an authority of the subject of an important chapter in Mr.
residuary powers with the customary monarch Howard's book. By successive statutes enacted
ical prerogatives, but as Kaiser he possesses only since the founding of the Empire, a common
derivative powers. He has some of the elements judicial system for all the states has been pro-
of both a monarch and a President; yet he is vided (except for non-contentious jurisdiction);
neither of these. His position is unique, and it and so have codes of law and procedure. Thus
is impossible to classify him with other rulers. there is uniformity of law, of judicial organiza-
But, owing to the importance of the military tion, and judicial procedure, throughout the
power in Germany, his position as Kaiser, in- Empire ; although, with the exception of the
dependently of his royal office, is one of enor Imperial Court at Leipsic, all courts are re-
mous power. The office of Imperial Chancellor, garded as state courts, the judges being ap-
created by Bismarck for himself, is equally pointed and paid by the local governments.
unique, and something of a puzzle to political But here again the states are under certain
students. Dr. Howard insists that the only restrictions, for they are required to provide
way to avoid misapprehension as to the real the judges with adequate salaries, and the min-
nature of the office is to distinguish between its imum qualifications for eligibility to judicial
dual nature i. e., between the Chancellor's stations are prescribed by imperial law. · Dr.
position as a Prussian member of the Bundes Howard does not discuss the various special
rath on the one hand, and his position as the courts (besondere gerichte) which are not regu-
Emperor's only responsible minister and the lated by Imperial law, nor the administrative
highest imperial official on the other. Whether courts, nor the bar, nor the state-attorneyship.
his responsibility is legal or political, as Dr. A real defect in his discussion of the judicial
Howard points out, is purely an academic ques- system is the omision of all reference to the
tion, since there is no means of enforcing it. question of the power of the courts to declare
The Socialists are demanding that he should be statutes unconstitutional. The question is not
made responsible to the Imperial Parliament; entirely academic, particularly when there is a
but as yet he acknowledges responsibility to no case of conflict between the state law and the
one except the Emperor.
imperial constitution or an imperial statute.
The discussion of German citizenship is full In his discussion of the military side of the
and illuminating. Like all states having the Empire, the author points out the interesting
federal system of government, Germany has had fact that there is no imperial army, but only
to deal with the difficult problem of a dual a collective unity made up of contingents of the
citizenship - one local, the other national. Most several states. This would be considered a fatal
commentators recognize the existence of weakness in the military organization of the
citizenship of the Empire, and also a state Empire, were it not for the fact that the con-
citizenship. Dr. Howard is among the num tingent of each state is recruited, organized,
ber, although he maintains that the two forms equipped, and drilled, in accordance with rules
of citizenship are not coördinate and independ and regulations prescribed by the Empire.
ent, occupying distinct spheres, but that the re- Likewise, the liability to military service, as well
lation is one of subordination and dependence. as the whole matter of discipline, rests upon
Contrary to the American rule, state citizen- | Imperial law, and the supreme command of all
ship in Germany is primary and imperial citi- contingents is vested in the Emperor. Another
zenship secondary ; that is, the latter is derived weak spot in the military organization of the
from the former, and is lost when that is lost. Empire is the special privileges enjoyed by a
Nevertheless, it is characteristic of the German number of the states. The smaller of these
conception of the importance of uniformity have ceded their special privileges to Prussia,
among the states, that the conditions govern so that really there are but four contingents –
ing the acquisition of state citizenship (and, in namely, those of Prussia, Bavaria, Wurtemberg,
consequence, of imperial citizenship) should be and Saxony. The navy, unlike the army, is in
regulated by Imperial law. This insures a the strictest sense an Imperial affair. When
common citizenship for all the states of the the Empire was formed, Prussia alone had a
Empire, and does away with local diversities navy; she brought it with her into the union ;
and inequalities.
and it has remained under the control of the
The German theory of centralization in leg- King of Prussia, who is at the same time the
islation is also well shown in the organization of German Emperor.
J. W. GARNER.


1907.]
107
THE DIAL
name.
“ A Yankee in Canada,” of which a quarter
THOREAU IN HIS JOURNALS.*
part was left unprinted. His longest journey,
Seldom does it happen that the journals of that from Concord to Redwood on the Minne-
a private citizen, a quiet man of letters, are sota river, only found record in notes that never
published in a dozen volumes, especially in the got written into his Journal of 1861, and in a
United States. The Adams family, with their few letters.
turn for both politics and literature, and their What, then, is the great interest of Thoreau's
unwearied industry with the pen, have given us Journals, to warrant their publication in four-
volume after volume of the diaries of the two teen well printed, illustrated, and indexed vol-
Presidents of that family; and doubtless much umes, containing in the aggregate 6700 pages,
is coming of the same sort from the copious exclusive of 70 pages of Mr. Gleason's admirable
papers of Charles Francis Adams, first of that photogravures, six pages of his map and key,
But among literary Americans diary and 110 double-columned pages of index. In
publication has been comparatively small. A all, the volumes fall little short of 7000 pages,
century after his death, the so-called “ Literary
or eight times as much as White's “ Selborne
Diary” of President Stiles of Yale has been and Izaak Walton's “Compleat Angler," the two
edited at New Haven, and quite recently has authors with whom Thoreau is perhaps most
appeared the first (perhaps the only) volume often compared. What is it that warrants so
of Dr. S. G. Howe, covering his active youthful full a publication of writings which in the au-
years in the Greek Revolution. But Emerson's thor's own time were so generally overlooked or
journals have as yet come forth only in frag- contemned ? Two qualities especially, their
ments, though they are extensive ; and the fifty wonderful variety of topic and treatment, and
or sixty volumes of Alcott's Diaries remain on
the charm of their style when at its best. Back
the shelves at Concord, undisturbed. Theodore of both lies Thoreau's chief quality -- his power
Parker's copious Journals of a quarter-century of exact and minute observation; and still fur-
have been much drawn upon by his biographers, ther back and deeply original with him, the
and are to go finally to the Boston Public
power of profound thought and comprehensive
Library, after which publication in full may fol- | imagination applied to the most commonplace
low, — but not, probably, until half a century objects and events. Hardly any writer can be
after Parker's death at Florence, in May, 1860. named, ancient or modern, who devoted such
Most of the diaries just mentioned are records high powers so studiously to such a cyclopædia
of foreign travel, at least in part. John Quincy of themes. Seneca, Pliny, and Aristotle, among
Adams had ranged over Europe from the Orient
the ancients, Montaigne and Goethe of the mod-
to Moscow ; Emerson twice or thrice visited
erns, come readily to mind, and each has some
Europe, and even (in 1872) went as far eastward gifts and accomplishments that Thoreau had
as to the Sphinx of Egypt, though he made few not. But, on the other hand, so had he gifts
notes of that final journey, taken as he was ap- and industries which they had not. Perhaps
proaching the age of seventy, and disinclined to
he comes nearest to Montaigne, for, like that
write even a journal. Parker had noted, in his learned and irregular Gascon, he made the world
Journal of 1843-44, his interviews with famous of fact and deed revolve about himself, instead
scholars, and the lectures he heard in Paris and of sharing its revolutions and following its fash-
in Germany; in Florence, where he is buried, ions, like the most of us. Of course there are
he met the Brownings, and in Switzerland and
marked divergences one from the other. Where
Italy and the West Indies, in 1859–60, he had Montaigne is nonchalant and obscene, Thoreau
foreign incidents and manners to relate. Even
is fastidious and full of exalted sentiment.
Alcott had one brief visit to England to record, Though their loyalty in friendship is much the
as well as those many volumes which he filled same, Thoreau has a loftier and more unprac-
with what his satirical neighbor, Ellery Chan tical ideal of his friend ; while in secular mat-
ning, called his - Encyclopédie de Moi-meme, ters he was far more widely practical than the
Cinquante Volumes.” But Thoreau's only for- landlord and magistrate in his chateau or his
eign travel was for ten days, from Concord to province. Emerson once, in Cincinnati, advised
Canada, and its incidents were left out of his
a young friend to “know Mr. C.,—there is
Journal of 1850, to appear in a work by itself, nothing he may not say.” Of Thoreau it may
be declared there was nothing he might not do,
tion. Edited by Bradford Torrey. In twenty volumes. Illus with his hands or with his head. He was a good
trated. Volumes VIII-XX., The Journals. Boston: Houghton,
boatman and boat-builder ; a mechanic and phi-
THE WRITINGS OF HENRY DAVID THOREAU. Walden Edi-
Mifflin & Co.


108
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
un-
..
losopher; a stoic, a cynic, a pencil-maker, and a then he destroyed them, reserving such pages
poet; good at mathematics, at merchandizing, at or fragments as he had not used, and preserving
abstractions, paradoxes, and land-surveying. To these scraps all his life, often using them years
none of his many avocations did he surrender afterward in essays. In the latter case he did
himself, but stood back of and above them all not destroy them, so that those who have bought
in a proud leisure derived from the simplicity of his MSS. of late
his MSS. of late years may often find the scraps
his tastes and the singularity of his ambitions. and pages among them which long since came
Those foolish critics who call him indolent never out in some of his posthumous books. In the
knew him, nor any of his kind among men. His same way it has happened that the publishers
activity, whether physical or intellectual, was of these fourteen volumes lack original pages of
unceasing. Emerson, his neighbor and friend, the Journal, enough perhaps to make a small
had intervals of mental inefficiency, when the volume ; they have been sold, and most of them
pen refused its task, and even his startling fac are in the possession of Mr. W. K. Bixby of
ulty of perception seemed to slumber or be far St. Louis, who has allowed the Bibliophile
away. But Thoreau was always, as the Yankee Society of Boston to print them in their two
phrase is, “ up and coming." His most intimate volumes called “ The First and Last Journeys
friend and best biographer, Ellery Channing, of Thoreau.” Other Journal pages
remain
describing his personal traits, says: “ His printed, but may come out hereafter in connec-
clenched hand betokened purpose. In walking tion with reprints of " Walden ” or “ A Yankee
he made a short cut if he could, and when sit- in Canada.” There are also many verses that
ting in the shade or by the wall-side he seemed have not been brought into any collection, some
merely the clearer to look forward into the next of them in the Journals, and others in loose
piece of activity. Even in the boat he had a leaves, or written on the back of lecture sheets
wary, transitory air, his eyes on the outlook,— or pages from some destroyed journal.
perhaps there might be ducks or the Blanding
But it is time to quote from these rich and
turtle, or an otter or sparrow.”
unusual transcripts of the meditations and ob-
Thoreau's Journals intimate this tireless
servations of a man of genius. September 19,
activity and vigilance; and yet how many things 1854, he writes :
and events, that he might have been expected
« Thinking this afternoon of the prospect of my writ-
to mention, are passed by in silence! Thus, in ing lectures and going abroad to read them the next
the autumn of 1854, when he was making the winter, I realized how incomparably great the advan-
acquaintance of his English admirer, Thomas tages of obscurity and poverty which I have enjoyed so
Cholmondeley, who lived with him in the same
long (and may perhaps still enjoy). I thought with
what more than princely, with what poetic leisure I had
house for weeks, and in December went back to
spent my years hitherto, without care or engagement,
Shropshire to enlist volunteers for the Crimean
fancy-free. I have given myself up to Nature: I have
war, the Journal contains no allusion to his new lived so many springs and summers, autumns and win-
friend ; and when he came over again in 1859, ters as if I had nothing to do but live them, and imbibe
and went with Thoreau to New Bedford to call
whatever nutriment they had for me. I have spent a
on his friend Ricketson, there is a very slight having none other so binding engagement as to observe
couple of years, for instance, with the flowers chiefly,
allusion to Cholmondeley in the Journal. In when they opened; I could afford to spend the whole
the same way, when John Brown of Kansas was Fall observing the changing tints of the foliage. Ah !
introduced to Thoreau in 1857, dined with him,
how I have thriven on solitude and poverty! I cannot
and made a vivid impression, so that his con-
overstate this advantage. I do not see how I could
have enjoyed it, if the public had been expecting as
versation was recalled in the Journal two and
much of me as there is danger now that they will. If
a half
years afterward, there is no mention of I go abroad lecturing, how shall I ever recover the lost
Brown in the entries of 1857. Nor is Whit winter? It has been my vacation, my season of growth
man much mentioned in the Journal of 1856,
and expansion, -- a prolonged youth.”
when Thoreau first met him and described him This was said in consequence of the good recep-
in a letter to Blake. His letters are often sub- tion given to “ Walden,” then just published,
stitutes for the Journal entries, and sometimes and bringing him invitations to lecture here
are copied from the Journal, as was Emerson's and there, even as far away as Nantucket and
habit occasionally.
Philadelphia. But he was not a “taking”
Thoreau's use of his Journals, which he be- speaker ; his lectures were best heard by a small
gan to keep regularly about 1838, was original, company in a parlor ; the miscellaneous audi-
like everything about him. He used them to ence of a public hall went away unimpressed.
make magazine articles and books from ; and He was presently left as uninvited as before,


1907.]
109
THE DIAL
except in Concord, Worcester, and Plymouth,
none other can. ... I have not yet known a friendship
where he had admiring friends.
to cease, I think. I fear I have experienced its decaying.
In contrast with the above passage, take this
Morning, noon, and night, I suffer a physical pain, an
aching of the breast, which unfits me for my tasks. It is
concerning one of his rather disreputable friends, perhaps most intense at evening. That aching of the
G. M., who had skill in boating, fishing, and breast, the grandest pain that man endures, which
hunting, but neglected the domestic duties. no other can assuage.
If I should make the least
There were several such in his list of ac-
concession, my friend would spurn me. I am obeying
his law as well as my own. . .. At the instant that I
quaintance:
seem to be saying farewell to my friend, I find myself
“ He follows hunting, praise be to him ! as regularly unexpectedly near to him; and it is our very nearness
in our tame fields as the farmers follow farming. Per and dearness to each other that gives depth and signifi-
sistent Genius! how I respect it and thank him for it! cance to that “forever.' Thus I am a' helpless prisoner,
I trust the Lord will provide us with another G. M. and these chains I have no skill to break. While I think
when he is gone. How good in him to follow his own I have broken one link, I have been forging another.”
bent, and not continue at the Sabbath-school all his
days! What a wealth he thus becomes in the neighbor- Naturally, between men so noble, this misunder-
hood ! Few know how to take the census. I thank my standing, which had been growing for months,
stars for M. I think of him with gratitude when I am soon gave way, and the old relations were re-
going to sleep, grateful that he exists, – that M. who is
sumed. It may have been in that very call made
such a trial to his mother. Yet he is agreeable to me
as a tinge of russet on the hillside. I would fain give by Emerson on Thoreau, the afternoon of March
thanks morning and evening for my blessings. Awk-
13, 1857, when he found John Brown of Kansas
ward, gawky, loose-hung, dragging his legs after him, talking with Thoreau (to whom I had introduced
he is my contemporary and neighbor. He is one him), that the ice was broken ; for we do not
tribe, I am another, and we are not at war.”
find
any more
of these sad entries in the Journal.
Thoreau had, however, more intimate friends The occasion for the coldness was, I suppose,
than these, whose class Channing hit off in his the occasional roughness of Thoreau's manner,
- Near Home”
grateful he says,
which was usually polite, if odd, met by a cer-
“ The while our fisher dreams, or greasy gunner tain formality and suavity in Emerson's manners
Lank, with ebon locks, shies o'er the fences,
And cracks down the birds, -- game-law forgot;
that betrayed a long inheritance of etiquette
And still, upon the outskirts of the town,
from generations of clergymen.
A tawny tribe denudes the cranberry-bed."
Many will read these books for the informa-
Thoreau's best and longest friends were Chan-
tion they furnish on a thousand points of natural
ning and Emerson, the latter the earlier, but history; many for their singular beauty and
not finally the more intimate, and at one time brevity of description, wherever the common-
(in 1857) regarded with pathetic aversion, as
place was shown to have the elements of wonder
having broken the abiding tie of friendship by and beauty; many, but fewer, for their phi-
his lofty manners. The passage referring to losophic or poetic significance ; most of all,
this was surprising when Mr. Blake printed it, perhaps, for their racy humor, by which New
some ten years ago ; and here it is again in England life and the rustic or mercantile Amer-
parts, alluding unmistakably to Emerson. The
ican character is so sympathetically portrayed.
date is February, 1857.
But they also have the interest of an autobiog-
“ And now another friendship is ended. I do not
raphy, and will be read for more light upon one
know what has made my friend doubt me, but I
know that in love there is no mistake, and that every
of the most piquant and romantic careers among
estrangement is well founded. What a grand signifi-
American scholars and reformers. For the full
cance the word • never' acquires ! I am perfectly sad understanding of this part of the copious work,
at parting from you. I could better have the earth
many more notes and explanations are needed
taken away from under my feet than the thought of
than the editors had room to afford even had
you from my mind. . . . A man cannot be said to suc-
ceed in this life who does not satisfy one friend. ...1 they the needful knowledge. The five and forty
say in my thought to my neighbor who was once my years since Thoreau's death have removed most
friend, It is of no use to speak the truth to you; you of his coevals in literature and life; and, while
will not hear it. What, then, shall I say to you?'. they have brought the Concord school of au-
You cheat me, you keep me at a distance with your
manners. I know of no other dishonesty, no other devil.
thors (among whom may be included, for certain
Why this doubleness, these compliments ? They are the traits, Jones Very, Walt Whitman, and John
compliment between friends. Lying, on lower levels, is erature, they have deprived the present genera-
but a trivial offense compared with civility and compli- tion of the best means of judging them, whether
ments on the level of Friendship. . . . Friends ! they
are united for good and for evil. They can delight each
as authors or men. Hence superficial and ridic-
other as none other can. They can distress each other as ulous estimates of the men and their work. The


110
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
He
66
a
publication of these Journals will do much to axiomatic the 66 class-struggle theory.”
repair this defect, which shows itself most fre shows himself conversant with current economic
quently in manuals of American literature. thought, and in quoting various theories he
Much might be said of the good fortune of carefully credits them to their originators. In
the publishers in securing for the sympathetic spite of the brevity of his work — the result of
and pictorial illustration of the twenty volumes conciseness rather than of superficiality – Mr.
in this edition of Thoreau's writings the services Spargo gives a satisfactory general view of his
of H. W. Gleason in photographing the scenes subject, and his book is to be recommended
and natural incidents of his surroundings in Con- especially as a foundation for a more detailed
cord, at Monadnoc, Cape Cod, and in Canada. knowledge to be afterwards acquired.
For years before this edition was decided on Of quite a different character from Mr.
Mr. Gleason had been loyally visiting and iden- Spargo's work, yet dealing with the same gen-
tifying, with the aid of his excellent camera, the eral subject, are M. Jean Jaurés’s “ Studies in
places and conditions mentioned, and had accu Socialism.” Most of the papers making up the
mulated more than two hundred fine photo volume appeared originally in a Socialist daily
graphs. From these a hundred were selected paper in Paris, from which they have been trans-
to be engraved for this edition.
lated into English by Miss Mildred Minturn,
F. B. SANBORN. who has supplied an introduction explaining
the significance and prospects of Socialism in
France as well as M. Jaurés's position there.
Extremely eloquent and earnest in upholding
SOCIALISTIC PRINCIPLES AND PROBLEMS. * the Socialist movement, M. Jaurés is neither
Notwithstanding the amount of attention
" Marxist” nor a Revolutionist,” but be-
given to modern socialistic movements, there is longs rather to the school of “ Reformists,” or
à lack of definite knowledge and understanding of Liebknecht, he denounces the scheme of rev-
Opportunists.” A follower in many respects
of the subject on the part of the general public.
It is with a hope of remedying this condition
olution upheld in the “ Manifesto ” as both
that Mr. John Spargo has written his “Sum- unnecessary and ineffectual, and holds that it
mary and Interpretation of Socialistic Princi-
is by “the methodical and legal organization
ples,” giving the essentials of this phase of of its own forces under the law of the democracy
modern life as it has evolved historically and
and universal suffrage” that the proletariat
economically. The key-note of the book is the will gain supreme power. “ The transformation
so-called “ materialistic conception of history.” of all social relations cannot be the result of a
Mr. Spargo states that “Socialism, in the modern maneuvre.” The principle upon which he most
scientific sense, is a theory of social evolution.”
insists is the universality of the Socialist con-
Having pointed out the distinction between the ception, urging that under present conditions
Utopian Socialism ” of Owen, Saint-Simon,
“ it can succeed only by the general and almost
and Fourier, and the “ Scientific Socialism ” of
unanimous desire of the community.” A de-
Marx and Engels as set forth in the “Commu- cided growth of the proletariat " in numbers,
nist Manifesto,” he concludes his work by giving lieves to be inevitable. Optimistic yet sane,
in solidarity, and in self-consciousness," he be-
a chapter on the Outlines of the Socialist State,
and adds in an appendix the National Platform
of strong convictions yet conservative, M.Jaurés
of the Socialist Party in America. Mr. Spargo,
has not laid himself open to the familiar accu-
though tolerant of a certain amount of super-
sation that Socialists beg the question, for he has
vision of private production and exchange, and
gone to its very roots. The beauty of his dic-
at the same time less speculative as to the pre-
tion has been well preserved by his translator.
cise form the state of the future will take than
It requires more than an ordinary amount of
were the authors of the “ Manifesto,” neverthe- mental adjustment to descend from the intel-
less is essentially a “ Marxist,” and regards as
lectual regions whence M. Jaurés carries his
readers to “ A Practical Programme for Work-
* SOCIALISM. A Summary and Interpretation of Socialistic
Principles. By John Spargo. New York: The Macmilan Co.
ingmen," published anonymously. The author
has divided his work into three parts, only one
Introduction, by Mildred Minturn. Authorized English version.
of which, “ The Book of Facts,” concerns those
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
A PRACTICAL PROGRAMME FOR WORKINGMEN. New York: readers who are not searching for trite aphor-
Charles Scribner's Sons.
isms. After discussing the influence of envi-
SOCIALISM. By Robert Flint. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippin-
ronment upon man, and pointing out the evils
STUDIES IN SOCIALISM. By Jean Jaurés. Translated, with
cott Co.


1907.]
111
THE DIAL
of private property and competition on the Socialism in its relation to religion - a subject
one hand and the present impracticability of to which he attaches very great importance —
“ orthodox” Socialism on the other, he makes an shows the strong influence upon him of the
amazing suggestion, viz., that the “unwealthy”
unwealthy” | Established Church of England. Mr. Flint's
classes organize in order to secure a candidate own arguments are carefully supplemented by
for the next Presidential election, possibly ab those of Socialistic and of other non-Socialistic
sorbing the Democratic party! The practical writers, making his work comprehensive and
programme " itself is then discussed, and a na comparatively free from prejudice. It is a
tionalization and municipalization of industries valuable asset, not only to sociologists, but to
is considered expedient in opening the road to all readers who are interested in social problems
coöperation. Of the book as a whole it may and who are open-minded and intelligent.
be said that a superabundance of rhetoric has
EUNICE FOLLANSBEE.
somewhat usurped the place of scientific reason-
ing, and it can hardly be regarded as a serious
contribution to sociology.
It is to this spectacular array of the unwealthy
THE GREATEST OF FRENCH DRAMATISTS.*
against the wealthy, more quietly referred to by To judge by the absence of books about
Mr. Spargo as the class-struggle theory” and Molière in English, the English-speaking world
subtly suggested by M. Jaurés in his faith in
has been strangely indifferent to the person and
the
power of the proletariat, that Mr. Robert life of the greatest of French dramatists, the
Flint so strenuously objects in his book on one whose name is most often linked with that
Socialism.” The Socialist leaders, he believes, of Shakespeare. Until very recently, Mr.
by exaggerating the evils of present conditions Andrew Lang's article in the “ Encyclopædia
and beguiling their followers by futile hopes, Britannica ” was the most substantial biography
have done more harm than good to the works of Molière accessible to English readers. Ac-
ingman. Written from a non-Socialistic view counts of the man were few and woefully inad-
point, his book is evidently intended as an equate. In English books and periodicals there
antidote to what he believes to be noxious the-
was very
little to bear witness to the eager
and
ories running riot; for he states that he proposes fruitful search for all kinds of personal knowl-
to discuss Socialism in a way that will be intelli- edge about the great author, manager, and
gible to workingmen. It is a keen, scholarly, actor, which, from 1867 to 1890, brought to-
comprehensive work, and presents arguments gether the materials for the two voluminous
which no Socialist can afford to pass by unchal collections moliéresques and kept the monthly
lenged. It contains, however, one rather serious magazine le molièriste going for ten years. But
fault as a present-day document: more than half the last few years have seen encouraging signs
of it was written fifteen years ago, when the of a wider and livelier interest in the great
conservative Socialists were less important in Frenchman. The frequency with which Molière
their class than they now are. Mr. Flint says : is drawn upon to furnish the repertory of our
“ It [Socialism] is not a system merely of amateur Thespians of the French clubs in our
amendment, improvement, reform, — it dis universities may be such a sign in one direction,
tinctly pronounces every system of that sort to and the interesting production of “The Misan-
be inadequate, and seeks to produce an entire thrope” by Mr. Richard Mansfield last year
renovation of society.” This statement is hardly may be one in a different quarter. Less im-
applicable to all Socialists to-day, as their pro- peachable evidences, however, are seen in the
gramme in England, for instance, bears witness. books on Molière that have appeared. Mr.
As a criticism of the ideals of Karl Marx and Leon Vincent, after affording us a little glimpse
his followers, Mr. Flint's work is successful in of the satirist of the affectations and over-
showing their fallacies and in pointing out the refinements of the précieuses. in his Hôtel de
incompatability of Socialism with Democracy. | Rambouillet, returned to the theme to offer us,
In Socialism, he concedes, there is a large amount in 1902, a full-length portrait of Molière in a
of good, but “ it does not contain any truth or slight but well-informed and readable biography.
any good principle which is exclusively its own.” Mr. Henry M. Trollope, whose occasional papers
In individualism, he sees many faults, but fewer in the periodical press had long testified to his
from an economic as well as ethical standpoint admiration for the creator of Tartuffe and Har-
than in any other system yet evolved. It is to
* MOLIERE. A Biography, By H. C. Chatfield-Taylor. Illus-
be noted that the author's attitude toward
trated. New York: Duffield & Co.


112
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
The na-
We can
pagon, and proved how closely he followed the account is thoroughly well informed.
course of Molière study and criticism in France, ture of his task, - which was to trace a clear
gave to the public, in 1905, a life of Molière and life-like portrait of the man for the larger
that for the first time in English put with ful- public of readers, and not to make a complete
ness (perhaps with too great fulness) within the collection of material for the special student,-
reach of readers the large mass of detailed fact, forbade him to burden his pages with a con-
of gossip and legend, of more or less plausible siderable apparatus of documentary evidence or
conjecture, and of controversy over moot points, to enter into the minute details of the questions
that the patient and industrious study of the in dispute, as Mr. Trollope has done ; yet nothing
poet's life in France has accumulated. Last essential has been overlooked, and the student
year we had the Molière of Mr. Marzials in the will find in the book the main evidence on all
Miniature Series of Great Writers; and last, controverted matters, and the views and argu-
and in many ways best, we have the Molière of ments of the opposing advocates.
Mr. Chatfield-Taylor.
The conclusions that Mr. Chatfield-Taylor
In calling his book "a biography,” Mr. has reached in these debated questions will
Chatfield-Taylor has put the emphasis upon the mainly commend themselves as sound. They
man rather than upon the works, and he has are generally the ones most favorable to our
kept it there pretty consistently throughout. good opinion of Molière's character.
This does not mean that he has tried to separate only approve the biographer's wish to believe the
the man from his works, or has at all forgotten best of his hero, and we agree that in Molière's
or obscured the fact that the main business of case this wish is for the most part justified.
Molière's life was the creation of plays. Per. There has been altogether too much of a ten-
haps he has even failed to make the separation as dency among his compatriots to admit a sub-
clear as in fact it was, and has been too ready stantial basis of truth for the malicious gossip
to see the man and the circumstances of his and downright slander of unfriendly tongues.
life reflected in the works, and to make the It is quite improbable that the critic of society
works confessions of their author's dearest hopes who reveals such moral earnestness in the plays
and bitterest disappointments. He has treated should have so flagrantly outraged the sense of
the plays as biographical documents that inter common decency as some of his biographers
pret and portray the man. Whatever dangers charge him with doing. We may safely agree
this
may have in the case of a dramatic author, that his philosophy was certainly too pure,
— and especially one like Molière, whose great his ideals too exalted, for him to have been the
gift and habit of observation our biographer vile man his enemies and unwitting friends
rightly dwells
upon, and whose art is so largely portray.” We wonder, however, whether this
objective, — it has the advantage of keeping us consideration has not been pressed too far in
in the region of biography rather than of lit the discussion of the great crux of Molière
erary criticism. It is the man that we keep all biography, — the question of the parentage of
the time in view.
Armande Béjart, Molière's wife. It is rather
This story of Molière the man, in his mani- overstating the case to say, as the author does
fold relations as player, manager, author, court in summing up: “If Armande was not Marie
ier, lover, husband, friend, of this career so Hervé's daughter, then Molière, his wife, and
crowded with activity, so full of worthy accom all her family, must be classed together as
plishment, so absorbed in the pursuit and cap- forgers ; and he, the greatest literary genius in
ture of the comic and so touched with profound | France, the friend of the King, be accused either
and tragic pathos, Mr. Chatfield-Taylor has of the most abject of crimes, or of an utter dis-
told on the whole very well, — more adequately regard of common decency.'
than Mr. Vincent and Mr. Marzials, more is “common decency”? Is it defined in identi.
clearly and engagingly than Mr. Trollope. cal terms in America and in France — and in
There was no need of the words of Professor Bohemia? In deciding whether Armande Béjart
Crane, in the Introduction that he contributes was the daughter or sister of Madeleine, it is
to the book, to assure us that the author has possible to suspect that the Anglo-Saxon is
long been a devoted student of Molière. He not so likely as the Frenchman to divine the
shows himself familiar with the large mass of truth that lies behind the tangle of conceal-
special Molière literature (at least that in ment and falsehood which that fascinating young
French ; the neglect of the Germans is of less woman seemed from her birth destined to pro-
consequence here than it generally is), and his voke. Demonstration is here impossible. One


1907.]
113
THE DIAL
is left to a balancing of probabilities, and into rious types of comedy were first and last dictated
this many subjective elements are likely to enter. by his circumstances and his ideals, which re-
We wish to believe that which is most favorable mained constant. Molière was director of a com-
to Molière's moral elevation and delicacy of pany, and as such was bound to provide for its
feeling. Here is where the French critics have financial maintenance, which meant attracting
the advantage of us; and the fact that the ma the great public to his theatre. He was, like
jority of them incline to the opinion opposite everyone else, a servant of the King's pleasures,
to that upheld by Mr. Chatfield-Taylor must and was bound to furnish the kind of entertain-
make us think that they would not concur in ment that his master called for. But he was also
his statement of the alternative. Has not M. primarily and always a dramatist, holding firmly
Maurice Donnay recently, in l’Autre danger, to ideals of dramatic art of great intellectual and
condoned after a fashion the offense against moral elevation, and pursuing their realization.
delicacy of feeling that is here in question ? And He was never, last nor first, content to write plays
will delicacy of feeling protect Alceste against merely to fill the coffers of his theatre. The fact
the witchery of Célimène, when all his philo- that he found it possible so often to pursue
sophy and good common sense are powerless to the realization of these ideals to the successful
do so? But however we may judge in this end without endangering the material prosperity
matter, it is comforting to have to do with a of his theatre has a corollary that the bio-
biographer who is so loth to believe evil, who grapher of Molière might well point out. It
renders such substantial justice to Madeleine testifies in no uncertain way to the quality of
Béjart, and who finds good things to say even the great public on whose support the theatre
of the incorrigible coquette Armande.
depended. When we reflect what large de-
In one respect our author's commendable mands - The Misanthrope” puts upon the intel-
effort for clearness has had an unfortunate con ligence of the listener, how completely absent
sequence. We question whether, in presenting are all the spectacular features that count for
the plays in groups rather than in the order of so much with us, as well as everything that
their production, he has not confused a little the savors of the horse-play of low comedy, how
outlines of his story and given a somewhat wrong single and unsupported is its intellectual appeal,
idea of the relation of the various groups to one we must wonder how many American cities
another. In spite of the accompanying dates, would fumish it as long a run as it had on its
it is hard to avoid the impression that the various first appearance.
Great as was Molière's gen-
groups mean different periods in Molière's dra- ius, his achievement was made possible by the
matic career. This impression is distinctly given high intellectual interests of the society around
when the “ histrionic plays" are referred to the him.
last years of his life, the period when Molière, But one may challenge Mr. Chatfield-Taylor's
worldly wise, experienced as a manager, and less presentation of his materials in these and other
zealous as a crusader, was content to write plays points, and still assert that his book is the best
to fill the coffers of his theater.” But the truth that we have so far in English for the general
is that in the years here included, 1668 to 1773, reader who wishes to know the life and work of
we have the same kind of plays as he had been the master of comedy. May the number of
producing ever since his talent had appeared in such increase.
its maturity, with l'Ecole des maris. There was The book is mechanically satisfying, - only
the comedy with accompaniment of music and we should be glad to exchange the ten original
dancing which he was bound to provide as pur- illustrations for as many reproductions of por-
veyor
of amusements to his royal patron ; there traits of Molière, or of old drawings of his
was the play that appealed primarily to the comic theatre and of dramatic representations of the
sense and the source of laughter; there was the time.
A. G. CANFIELD.
serious comedy of satire, whether of local or uni-
versal weaknesses ; and there was the play that
PROFESSOR CALVIN THOMAS has edited « An Anthol-
united in various proportions the characteristics
ogy of German Literature" for Messrs. D.C. Heath & Co.
of all three. One cannot see that the plays of these The title is misleading (unless we are to take the present
five years show a very marked difference from volume as a first instalment) for the period covered ex-
those of the previous seven. An experienced di-
tends only down to the sixteenth century. The selections
rector he had been since his return to Paris ; his given are not originals, but modern German translations,
which enables the beginner in German to learn some-
millitant zeal, against the doctors at least, showed
thing of the quality of the epics, and of such poets as
no abatement in his very last comedy. His va Walthes, Wolfram, and Hartmann von Aue.


114
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
.
that to one who has not read the more formal biog-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
raphy much will be unintelligible; so that the main
The fifth and concluding volume of interest lies in a comparison of the characteristics and
A summary of
contemporary
Mr. Herbert Paul's “History of abilities here stated with those emphasized by the
English history. Modern England” (Macmillan) cov former biographer. Lord Rosebery brings out, what
ers the period from 1885 to 1895, and treats pri is not clearly indicated in the earlier work, the love-
marily of Ireland, the two Home Rule Bills, the fall ableness of Lord Churchill when among his friends ;
of Parnell, and of Church affairs. When the first the nimbleness of mind and quickness of wit that
volume appeared there was an inclination to believe, made him an enjoyable companion; and also the dog-
from his treatment of free-trade questions, that the matic self-assertion and self-confidence in political
author had in mind a polemical history that should matters that ultimately wrecked his career. There
have an influence on the present-day agitation for a is entire agreement between the two authors, that
return to some sort of a protective system in En Churchill was one of the cleverest political tacticians
gland. But this idea was a mistaken one; and it is and one of the best political fighters that England
now evident that Mr. Paul, though inevitably some has produced in the last half-century. But of his real
what biased by his career as a Liberal politician and statesmanship Lord Rosebery is not so sure, — by in-
by his present position as a Liberal journalist, has ference at least leaving the impression that Churchill's
merely sought to present a readable chronological statesmanship had not yet developed, and that by un-
history of the last fifty years in England. In this fortunately forcing a quarrel with his chief he lost
it may be said that he has succeeded, if one be not forever the chance to make manifest his higher qual-
too critical of what a “history” demands. Mr. ities. In effect, the present author affirms that states-
Paul's work is, in brief, a readable journalistic en- manlike qualities of a high order probably existed in
terprise, sufficiently accurate in details, but lacking Lord Churchill, but had not time to ripen; and here,
in study, in erudition, and in thought, and largely as elsewhere in the essay, the seemingly adverse judg-
deficient in all save avowed political information. ment is expressed with affection, almost with regret.
His sources are simply a few important biographies Students of modern English history, especially those
like that of Gladstone by Mr. Morley, and the de who have read Mr. Winston Churchill's biography
bates in Parliament. In the present volume there of his father, will certainly find pleasure and profit
is a note of haste as of one pushing eagerly for in a perusal of this discriminating essay.
ward toward the end of a task that has grown irk-
When, in 1843, a Theatre Regula-
some; but even here there is attraction for the The fate of a
reader, arising from the author's gift in terse and
theatre monopoly tion Bill was passed by Parliament,
in England.
striking, if not convincing, characterization. Esti-
the final step was taken toward put-
mated as history in its best form, Mr. Paul's work
ting an end to an intolerable condition in theatrical
affairs that had existed ever since Charles II. in
has no great value ; but regarded as a rapid sum-
mary of political events and questions, written in a
1660 granted to D'Avenant and Killigrew patents
readable style and conveniently arranged for refer-
conveying exclusive rights to theatrical representa-
tions.
ence, it certainly merits commendation. And in
Dr. Watson Nicholson in his “ Struggle for
one particular the author has added to American
a Free Stage in London ” (Houghton) gives an
understanding of English contemporary history, —
excellent detailed account of the conflict between
for in this volume, as in the preceding ones, he
the patentees, the successors of D'Avenant and
emphasizes and makes clear the great political
Killigrew, and their opponents, a conflict waged
significance of the Church of England, the ques-
with varying success for nearly two hundred years.
tions that concern it, and its continued importance
Up to 1720 the sovereigns felt free to interfere as
as a political storm centre.
they chose with the old patents, and to grant new
The prerogative of the Crown was unchecked,
Lord Rosebery's Among the many interpretations of and the Lord Chamberlain had matters wholly in
interpretation of Lord Randolph Churchill that have his own hands. Exclusive privileges in theatrical
Lord Churchill. appeared since the publication of the affairs ceased to be, and the power of the sovereign
notable biography of him by his son, Mr. Winston sank into abeyance from lack of exercise. As a
Churchill, that now presented by Lord Rosebery consequence, unlicensed theatres sprang up, and,
(Harper) is especially valuable for its candid tone until they proceeded to attack the government and
and its critical judgment. Lord Rosebery was a po offend public morals, were let alone. Their scurri-
litical opponent and yet a close personal friend of Lord lous performances, however, led to the Licensing
Churchill, and shortly after the latter's death he was Act of 1737, which recognized only the patent
asked by Churchill's mother to write some estimate houses and destroyed all competition. During the
of her son's career. Until now he has refused to do next half century the monopoly was absolute, more
this; but with the appearance of the former biography so than at any previous period of its history. By
Lord Rosebery feels more free to give voice to his the close of the eighteenth century, however, certain
own impressions. His book is in reality an essay, to minor theatres arose under Parliamentary authority
be read easily in an hour or so. The historical back to give musical performances and the like, but not
ground is very briefly sketched, - so briefly, in fact, to present the legitimate national drama. By 1832
ones.


1907.]
115
THE DIAL
literature
to Chaucer.
The most
these theatres had become so important, the patent “Pamela” and “ Clarissa,” Fielding with his “ Tom
theatres having meanwhile sunk to the level of the Jones” and “ Joseph Andrews,” Sterne with his
minors, that it was only a question of proper legis- “Tristram Shandy," and Smollett with his “Roderick
lation to wipe away all distinctions. This came in Random,” in the realm of letters; while Lady Sarah
the Theatre Regulation Bill above referred to. The Lennox and Lady Bolingbroke and their divorces,
history is by no means an uninteresting one, and is Mary Moser and “ Angel” Kauffmann (the two
not without its parallels to-day.
women members of the Royal Academy), Fanny
Burney (better known as Madame D'Arblay), and
Professor William H. Schofield's
English
Emma Lady Hamilton and her “mutable connec-
“English Literature from the Nor-
tions,” give spice to the worldly side of life as here
man Conquest to Chaucer” (Mac-
portrayed. It is true that we learn nothing about
millan) purports to fill a gap in a series projected these people that we have not known before, and it
several years ago, which covered the later periods
may be true also that there is nothing new to be
of our literary history with three volumes, the work
learned about them. Mr. Molloy has re-told the old
of Messrs. Gosse and Saintsbury. The series as
stories fairly well, and produced the sort of book
planned was to make four volumes, and the history
that very many people like to read. The lack of
of pre-Elizabethan times was to be done by Mr.
an index is a serious disadvantage.
Stopford Brooke. But when Mr. Brooke set to work
he adopted a much more comprehensive scale than
The most majestic of all the ancient
his predecessors, and when his volume appeared it majestic of oriental poetry is that left us by the
was found to come down only to the Norman Con all poetry. Hebrews; and the choicest of it is
quest. The gap thus left has remained for a long that found in the Psalms. These lyric productions
time, and Mr. Schofield has now undertaken to close have held their place undisputedly at the head of
it
up. Since the volume he now publishes (although all religious poetry. Their universal character and
a large one) fills only a part of the vacant space, their popularity among all religious bodies of Bib-
leaving the age of Chaucer still unaccounted for, it lical believers have led scores of scholars to produce
is evident that he has gone into even greater detail commentaries and other treatises for their better
than his predecessor, and that the entire six-volume understanding. The latest and most complete treat-
history, when completed by the addition of the ment is “The International Critical Commentary on
Chaucer volume, will constitute an extremely ill the Psalms ” (Scribners), by Professor Charles A.
balanced work. This is to say nothing in dispraise Briggs of Union Theological Seminary. This work
of any single section of it, and of the section now is encyclopædic in character. It goes thoroughly
published we can speak only words of commenda into a discussion of the text, the higher criticism,
tion. It offers an exceptionally thorough treatment the canonicity, and the interpretation of the Psalms.
of its period, done in the light of a scholarly tradi The Introduction, covering 110 pages, is the fullest
tion that runs from Gaston Paris to Child, and from treatment we have seen on all the questions that
Child to Professors Kittredge and Norton. Essen concern a critical study of the Psalter. Particularly
tial features of Mr. Schofield's method are the noticeable is Professor Briggs's theory of Hebrew
inclusion of all works written in mediæval England poetry. For a score of years he has advocated a
in whatever language, the grouping of works of regular metrical form that has continually gained
allied character, and the large use made of the com favor with Hebrew scholars all over the world. This
parative method. The volume has a bibliographical theory is applied with great care in this commentary.
appendix of great value.
Professor Briggs follows up the minutiæ of every
word and point in such a manner as to convince the
Mr. Fitzgerald Molloy's “Sir Joshua
reader that his work is exhaustive. Another thing
and his Circle” (Dodd, Mead & Co.) that strikes the mind of the reader forcibly is the
is in no sense a serious writing upon absolute certainty with which he assigns the com-
the first President of the Royal Academy of Arts.
position of the Psalms to different periods of history.
It is rather a collection of anecdote and gossip about
In the commentary proper the author's strength is
him, his friends, sitters, and acquaintances; and is
shown, in the main, in his treatment of the theo-
thus an entertaining centre-table book, as it could logical questions that arise in the individual Psalms.
not help being when it serves up so many interesting On this point, rather than on the date or linguistic
things about the leading characters that made the phases, this commentary is of especial value to scho-
golden age of England's drama, literature, and art.
lars, for of course it is a book preëminently for them.
Thus are paraded before us Gainsborough, Hogarth,
Allan Ramsay the son of the Gentle Shepherd, West
Dr. Frederick Riedl of Budapest has
the Pennsylvania Quaker for whose career Galt's and literature
written “A History of Hungarian
faulty pages have been laid under tribute and his of Hungary. Literature” for the series of books
errors and mistakes blindly followed, Northcote, called “Literatures of the World," published by the
Fuseli, and Romney, among the painters; Garrick Messrs. Appleton, and now numbering upwards of
and Siddons, the Emperor and Empress of the stage ; a dozen volumes. The writing of the book was
Sam Johnson and Goldsmith, Richardson with his commissioned by the Hungarian Academy for the
A feast
of scraps.
The authors


116
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
and eccentric
court ladies.
express purpose of filling a gap in the series, and terials he concocts a running narrative, composed
representing the national literature of the Magyar of the plots of the plays and the incidents of the
by a thoroughly authoritative treatise. “ The book biography. His individual contribution is a jerky
is unique in its kind in that it has been written emotional commentary, which makes a brave pre-
entirely for the English public, and has never ap tense of being impressive, but exhibits no particular
peared in Hungarian ; indeed, no such work exists insight or sense of perspective. The one really
in Hungary, and it will be as new to the Hungarian original thing Mr. MacFall does is to give Ibsen's
public as it is to the English.” The translation of great contemporary (whom he mentions repeatedly)
the prose text is the work of Mr. and Mrs. C. A. the weird name of “ Byornsterne Byornsen." This
Ginever (the latter a daughter of the Hungarian amazing exhibition of bad taste (for we cannot char-
poet Gjöry), and the interspersed poetical illustra- itably ascribe it to ignorance) needs no comment.
tions are mainly the work of Mr. G. Hagberg
Wright, upon whose initiative the book was under-
Five readable sketches of five bril-
Some brilliant
taken. Upon examination, it proves to be an ex-
liant and eccentric ladies, cleverly
tremely readable volume, 'exhibiting scholarship
translated from the French of M.
without pedantry, and resisting the temptation to
Arvède Barine, are published in a handsome volume
dwell at too great length upon the formative period entitled “ Princesses and Court Ladies ” (Putnam).
of the literature. After eighty pages, or thereabouts,
The title is inclusive enough to make room for Marie
we get down to the nineteenth century, which gives Mancini, Christina of Sweden, the Duchess of
ample space for an adequate account of the really Maine, the Margravine of Bayreuth, and an Arab
significant modern poets, dramatists, and novelists. princess who left her father's harem and gave up
We extract one amusing bit about the poet Csokonai. her title to become plain Frau Reute, wife of a
After his death (1805), the inscription “ I too have
German merchant, and always regretted it. M.
been in Arcadia” was suggested for his tombstone.
Barine is already known to English readers through
“ The poet's fellow-townsmen, the worthy matter two volumes about another princess, la Grande
of-fact burgesses of Debreczen, did not know what
Mademoiselle. He writes in a popular style that
it meant. They looked up the name Arcadia in
does not obtrude its background of scholarship, but
Barthélemy's 'Le Jeune Anacharsis,' and there dis nevertheless depends upon it to avoid any suspicion
covered the following statement : “In Arcadia there of cheapness or superficiality. He presents mooted
were excellent fields for the rearing of domestic ani- issues, but does not discuss them, aiming to cast
mals, especially asses.' They felt hurt, and the verified facts into picturesque and dramatic form
ensuing controversy would have furnished a suitable rather than to propound new theories. He has the
theme for Csokonai's muse."
Gallic eye for type, with evidently a keen interest
in the particular one that he chooses to delineate.
Now that Ibsen is dead, and has con-
Belated
All his fine ladies have much in common : a brilliant
admirers sequently “ arrived,” it is curious to
but unbalanced mind, a violent temper, superb ego-
note the rush of the critics, profes- tism, an irresponsible child-like zest for pleasure,
sional and amateur, to the discussion of his work.
and a freakish love of romance, which, coupled with
The former kind of critic, after ignoring the dram-
their other qualities, often leads to wild extrava-
atist during all the years of his struggle and his
gances and strange adventures.
slowly-ripening triumph, now seems to be saying:
“ This man was really of considerable importance,
An optimistic view of American pub-
Workers for
and it is my professional duty to the public to public good lic morality is taken by Mr. Philip
The recent essays of Professor
in America,
Loring Allen in his book entitled
Dowden and Mr. Arthur Symons are cases in point. “ America's Awakening” (Revell). “That there
They have “gotten up ” their subject too hurriedly has been an awakening of the American people
to have anything particularly weighty to say about during the opening years of the twentieth century
it, but their manner is impressive, and we may credit is now an accepted fact,” says Mr. Allen ; and he
them with the discharge of an obligation imposed might have added that it was certainly time for one.
by the sense of their own importance as mediators This awakening, he thinks, " has manifested itself
between poet and public. To the amateur critic, in two main forms, the warfare against political
Ibsen offers, not so much the chance of performing bosses and the warfare against specially privileged
a public duty as the chance of attracting attention corporations. And yet the story of the great move-
by exploiting a subject of special timeliness. He ment for political and business honesty cannot be
affords a fine corpse in which to flesh their bright told in the mere list of rascals jailed and new officials
new surgical instruments. Mr. Haldane MacFall, elected. Above and beyond these concrete achieve-
who has just published a book on Ibsen (San ments, there has been a bracing of the moral sense
Francisco : Morgan Shepard), is a typical example of the country that is none the less real because it
of this sort of critic. His method is very simple. cannot be accurately measured.” The book is an
He takes the plays and the letters of the dramatist, attempt to measure the extent and reality of this
and has at hand a few standard books (Jaeger, moral bracing, through personal studies of the lives
Brandes, Gosse, Archer, Boyesen); with these ma and political careers of the men who most aided it,
of Ibsen,
appraise him."


1907.]
117
THE DIAL
66
- Roosevelt, LaFollette, Folk, Jerome, Weaver,
NOTES.
Johnson, not forgetting the almost numberless lesser
men whose names are not on the public records, but
Mr. A. C. Benson's charming book « The Thread of
who have been actively serving in the “humdrum
Gold,” is now published by Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co.
work for good."
in a new and highly attractive edition.
Balzac's “ Pierrette,” edited by Miss Theodora de
Sélincourt, is an addition to the “Oxford Higher
French Series,” published by Mr. Henry Frowde.
BRIEFER MENTION.
An edition of Irving's “Sketch Book,” embodying
several unique and serviceable features, has been pre-
Ibsen's “Peer Gynt" is now added to the uniform
pared by H. A. Davidson, and will be issued at once by
edition of his plays published by the Messrs. Scribner. Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co.
The translation is Mr. Archer's, considerably revised,
“ Lincolnics" is the title of a new “ Ariel Booklet”
and is provided with an extensive historical and critical
published by Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
It is a
introduction. Another feature of much interest is an
compilation of the familiar sayings of Abraham Lin-
appendix which gives us translations of the Peer Gynt
coln, edited by Mr. Henry L. Williams.
legends as they appear in Asbjörnsen's “ Eventyr."
A volume on Ibsen by Mr. Edmund Gosse and one
From the Elm Tree Press, Woodstock, Vermont,
on Goethe by Professor Dowden will soon be issued in
we have a beautifully-printed copy of FitzGerald's
Messrs. Scribner's series of " Literary Lives.”
(here unfortunately printed Fitzgerald) version of the
“The Praise of Hypocrisy,” being an essay in Cas-
Agamemnon” of Æschylus. The edition is limited,
and has two portrait illustrations, besides a sketch-map
uistry by Dr. G. T. Knight, is issued as a booklet by
the Open Court Publishing Co., having originally ap-
of the path of the travelling fire. There are a few
notes. Good taste characterizes every feature of the
peared in the pages of “ The Open Court.
make-up of this dignified volume, for which we are
Mr. Mitchell Kennerley publishes a new edition of
given to understand that Messrs. C. L. Dana and J. C.
the “ Memoirs of Arthur Hamilton, B. A.,” now ac-
Dana are responsible.
knowledged as the work of Mr. A. Č. Benson, but first
Dr. Alfred M. Tozzer, who for three years filled the
published anonymously more than twenty years ago.
research fellowship of the Archæological Institute of
The Macmillan Co. continue to issue the English
America, has made a report of his work, which is now
“Who's Who,” which in the volume for 1907 contains
about two thousand closely-printed pages.
This is the
published by the Macmillan Co. His subject is “A
Comparative Study of the Mayas and the Lacandones.”
fifty-ninth annual issue of this extremely useful book of
reference.
A publication of allied interest is Mr. Warren K.
Moorehead's “Narrative of Explorations in New Mex-
“ The Bridge Blue Book,” by Mr. Paul F. Mottelay,
ico, Arizona, Indiana, etc.,” published at Andover by
is the latest candidate for the favor of bridge enthusi-
the Phillips Academy Department of Archæology.
asts. It is a compilation of expert opinion upon dis-
“The Mythology of Greece and Rome,” by Professor
puted matters, and is published by Messrs. Charles
Scribner's Sons.
Arthur Fairbanks, is published by the Messrs. Appleton
in their series of “Twentieth Century Text-Books.”
“Municipal Control of Public Utilities,” by Dr. Oscar
The special purpose of the work is “to illustrate the
Lewis Pond, is published in the Columbia University
wide-reaching influence of Greek myths first on the
series of studies. The author's special task has been
Latin poets, and, mainly through the Latin poets, on
the examination of recent judicial decisions upon this
later writers.” This gives it a general character similar
very
live subject.
to that of Gayley's “ Classic Myths,” but the illustrative Mr. Walter Taylor Field's articles on children's
material used in the two works is widely different. reading, several of which have appeared in THE DIAL,
Professor Charles Eliot Norton's Centenary Memoir
will be published next month by Messrs. A. C. McClurg
of Longfellow appears in a cheaper edition (price fif & Co., in a volume entitled “Fingerposts to Children's
teen cents) which will be welcome to many at this time
Reading."
of a revival of interest in the poet. The limited large-
« Soils: How to Handle and Improve Them,” by
paper edition, with its two photogravure portraits, its
Professor S. W. Fletcher, is the latest addition to “ The
uncut leaves, and its English cloth covers, will appeal
Farm Library" of Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co. It
to those to whom 'a work of literature is not always
makes a large volume, abundantly and handsomely
more than its raiment. But readers of every class
illustrated.
must value the book, in whatever shape, both for its Two new volumes in the “Oxford Higher French
subject and its authorship.
Series
“ Choix de Lettres Parisiennes de Ma-
Hood and Goldsmith are the latest to take their dame de Girardin,” edited by Mr. F. de Baudiss, and
place in the goodly company of “Oxford Poets,” pub- Hugo's "Hernani,” edited by Mr. C. Kemshead. Mr.
lished by Mr. Henry Frowde. In his preface to the Henry Frowde is the publisher.
Hood volume, Mr. Walter Jerrold states that he has Professor George Lansing Raymond's “The Essen-
been able to include several hitherto uncollected pieces. tials of Æsthetics” (Putnam) offers in a single volume,
The arrangement of the poems is in the main chrono and in condensed form, a statement of the author's
logical, – a decided improvement over the usual arbi theories about the fine arts, as heretofore embodied by
trary division into “serious” and “ humorous" sections. him in a series of substantial special volumes.
The Goldsmith volume is a revision and extension of Mr. T. S. Osmond has written a volume, which Mr.
Mr. Austin Dobson's Clarendon Press edition of 1887. Henry Frowde will publish next month, sketching the
The whole of Goldsmith's poetry is now included, and history of prosodical criticism in England and America
considerable new editorial material is introduced. A during the last two hundred years. It is entitled
portrait in photogravure appears in each volume. “ English Metrists of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth
are a


118
[Feb. 16,
THE DIAL
DIAL
Centuries.” The author has endeavored not merely to “ American History and Government,” published by
enumerate and summarize treatises, but also to trace Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co., is a text book of United
the gradual development of sounder views about verse States history by Professors James A. Woodburn and
structure.
Thomas F. Moran. It is a book for the grammar
Mr. Lawrence Gilman has written a small guide to grades, but might be profitably used a little higher up,
the “Salome ” of Herr Richard Strauss. The story is although it falls short of the requirements for senior
recapitulated, with illustrations from Wilde's text, and class work in the high schools.
the leading motives are printed in musical notation. A “New Classical Library,” edited by Dr. Emil
The booklet is published by the John Lane Co.
Reich, is published by the Macmillan Co. The volumes
Professor Gilbert Murray's singularly poetic transla-
are small, and two of them are now at hand. One is
tions of the “ Medea,” “ The Trojan Women,” and the “ An Alphabetical Encyclopædia of Institutions, Per-
“ Electra ” of Euripides, three volumes in one, supplied
sons, Events, etc., of Ancient History and Geography,"
with introductions and notes, come to us from the
and has been prepared by Dr. Reich himself. The
American branch of the Oxford University Press.
other offers a translation, by Mr. G. Woodrouffe Harris,
“A Text-Book of Practical Physics,” by Dr. Wil-
of the first three books of Herodotus.
liam Watson, is published by Messrs. Longmans, Green
Two new volumes will soon be published by Messrs.
& Co. It is a reference book for advanced student
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. in “ The Chief Poets Series."
workers in physical laboratories, and a comprehensive
Their titles will be « The Chief English Poets to the
guide to the methods of modern physical technology.
Time of Chaucer,” edited by Professor C. G. Child, of
“ The Book of the V. C.” as compiled from official
the University of Pennsylvania; and “ The Chief En-
glish Poets from Chaucer to Tottel's Miscellany,”
papers by Mr. A. L. Haydon, is a “popular record of the
deeds of heroism for which the Victoria Cross has been
edited by Professor W. A. Neilson and Dr. Kenneth
G. T. Webster, of Harvard University.
time.” It is a good book for boys. Messrs. E. P. Dut-
ton & Co. are the publishers.
glish quarterly, “ Mind,” is to be published by Mac-
millan & Co., Ltd., London, and The Macmillan Com-
Mr. Paul Elmer More, who writes too much to write
pany, New York. Professor G. F. Stout, who has been
as well as he might, now sends out a fourth volume of
the editor for more than fifteen years, retains that
“Shelburne Essays” from the press of the Messrs.
position, and Professor E. B. Titchener, of Cornell
Putnam. The essays number eleven, and among
their
University, remains the American editorial representa-
subjects are Hawker (of Morwenstow), Herbert, Keats,
tive. The Advisory Committee includes Dr. Edward
Franklin, Whitman, and Blake.
Caird, Professor Ward, and Professor Pringle-Pattison.
Book Three of “ The Gulick Hygiene Series" is called
The alumnæ of Bryn Mawr College have undertaken
“ Town and City," and is made up of chapters for chil-
dren on such subjects as street-cleaning, sanitation, parks,
to create within the next two years an endowment fund
of one million dollars, to be devoted to the strictly
water-supply, and epidemics. It makes a very useful
academic needs of that institution. In furtherance of
kind of supplementary reading-book. It is written by this fund the Bryn Mawr alumnæ of Chicago have ad-
Mrs. Frances Gulick Jewett, and published by Messrs.
opted the novel and somewhat daring plan of present-
Ginn & Co.
ing at the Auditorium during the week of February
A new book by Mr. Arthur C. Benson, entitled 18 the San Carlo Opera Company in a varied reper-
“Beside Still Waters,” is announced for March publi-
toire. This organization, which includes such capable
cation by the Messrs. Putnam. The volume takes the artists as Madame Nordica, Sig. Campanari, and Miss
form of a record of the sentiments, the changing opin Alice Neilson, has met with marked success in its tours
ions, and the quiet course of life of a young man whom of the past two years, under the direction of Mr. Henry
an unexpected legacy has freed from the necessity of Russell. The week in Chicago promises to be a bril-
leading an active life in the world of affairs.
liant one, and should result in the substantial advance-
The Spring fiction of Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co. ment of a worthy educational cause. Nearly $100,000
includes the following volumes : “Langford of the has already been raised for the proposed endowment in
Three Bars,” by Kate and Virgil D. Boyles, illustrated Boston and other cities.
in color by Mr. N. C. Wyeth ; “ The Iron Way,” by Two books of special interest in view of the ap-
Mrs. Sara Pratt Carr ;“ Indian Love Letters,” by Mrs. proaching tri-centennial of Jamestown, Va., will be
Marah Ellis Ryan; and “The Story of Bawn,” by Miss published this Spring by the Macmillan Company. One
Katharine Tynan.
is the « Travels of the famous Captain John Smith,-
A “Large Print Edition” of standard literature is « The Generall Historie of Virginia, New England, and
announced by Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co. The the Summer Isles, with the Proceedings of those Sev-
series will be printed from bold-faced type on thin erall Colonies and the Accidents that Befel them in all
Bible paper, in a form convenient to hold and to carry their Journyes and Discoveries. By Captaine John
about. Miss Brontë's “Wuthering Heights” and Smith, Sometymes Governour in those Countryes, and
Charles Reade's “Love Me Little, Love Me Long” are Admirall of New England." The rare works that
the first volumes announced.
make up this volume are here assembled in convenient
Those well-known books of a past generation, “ Ten form for the first time since their original publication
Acres Enough” and “ Liberty and a Living,” are to in 1624-30. The edition will contain facsimile repro-
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his facts and figures as to modern cultivation of the Birth of the Nation : Jamestown, 1607," by Mrs. Roger
soil, Mr. Hall has had the aid of several well-known A. Pryor, author of "The Mother of Washington and
specialists in this field.
Her T'imes,” and “ Reminiscences of Peace and War."


1907.)
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LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 88 titles, includes books
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Sonnets from the Trophies of José Maria de Heredia.
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The Collected Works of Henrik Ibsen. Copyright edition.
Vol. IV., Peer Gynt, trans. by William and Charles Archer,
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Charles Scribner's Song. $1.
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Queen and Cardinal: A Memoir of Anne of Austria and
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The Writings of James Madison: Comprising his Public
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Lincolnics : Familiar Sayings of Abraham Lincoln. Collected
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THEOLOGY AND RELIGION.
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The Messiah Idea in Jewish History. By Julius H.
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60
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
Agamemnon of Eschylus. Trans. by Edward FitzGerald.
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Complete Works Abraham Lincoln. Edited by John G.
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120
[Feb. 16,
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128
[March 1, 1907.
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