rmanism,
Professor Usher's analysis of European conditions, makes unusually significant his proposed solution
of our own problems.
$1.75 net.
JULIA WARD HOWE, 1819-1910
THE FIRST HUNDRED
By Laura E. Richards and Maud Howe Elliott. The
THOUSAND
complete, authoritative, and intensely interesting biography
of one of America's greatest women, written by her two By the Junior Sub (Ian Hay). A war book straight from
daughters.
Illustrated. 2 vols. $4.00 net.
the trenches and such a one as only a trained novelist could
have written. Called by four leading English papers the
greatest book of the war. Colored frontis piece. $1.50 net.
CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS
AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY
DAY BY DAY WITH THE
With introduction by Henry Cabot Lodge. As publicist,
RUSSIAN ARMY
historical writer, and railroad president, Mr. Adams was
one of the most influential men of his time. His autobiog- By Bernard Pares. "To any one who wishes to under-
raphy throws a flood of light on many important events stand what the Russian army has done during the last fifteen
of the last half century. With photogravure frontispiece. months of war, no better document can be recommended.'
$3.00 net. Ready March 18.
--London Morning Post.
Illustrated. $2.50 nel.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT:
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF
THE LOGIC OF HIS CAREER
RELAXATION
By Charles G. Washburn. A graphic and intimate By G. T. W. Patrick. A notable book, showing how the
character study by an Ex-Congressman who for forty years higher nerve centres find relief from the unaccustomed demands
has remained a close personal friend in spite of political of civilization in play, laughter, profanity, alcohol, and war.
differences.
Illustrated. $1.50 net.
$1.25 net.
-NEW POETRY READY MARCH 18
IDOLS
TURNS AND
HIGH-TIDE
By Walter Conrad Arensberg
MOVIES
Edited by Mrs. Waldo Richards
Mr. Arensberg's new book contains
The admirably chosen poems in this
many interesting experiments in new
By Conrad Aiken
metres, reflective verse of much beauty,
collection are best described by the
fine translations from the French in-
Reedy's St. Louis Mirror calls this author's explanatory sub-title, "Songs
cluding Mallarmé's Afternoon of a
"the most remarkable of all recent of Joy and Vision from the Present-
Rown; and a novel rendering of Dante's
free verse
the best work Day Poets of America and Great Brit-
Fifth Canto.
75 cents net.
Conrad Aiken has done. 75 cents net.
ain.
$1.25 net. Limp. Lea., $1.75 net.
READY MARCH 18
MODERNIZING THE MONROE DOCTRINE
By Charles H. Sherrill. Introduction by Nicholas Murray Butler
An illuminating discussion of our commercial and political relations with South America, together with constructive
suggestions for future policies by a former American minister to Argentine.
$1.25 net.
Send for free. Bulletins HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY
of Spring Books
4 Park Street
BOSTON


186
[ March 2
THE DIAL
The Unpopular Review
A Specimen Copy sent Subject to Return or Payment
THE FUNDAMENTAL OBJECT OF THIS REVIEW
IS THE "UPLIFT” OF THE LESS FORTUNATE
PORTION OF MANKIND BY OPPOSING THE
CRAZES WHICH, UNDER THAT MISUSED NAME,
NOW SO EFFECTIVELY DELAY THE PROCESS.
Contents for January-March, 1916
The Case for the Literacy Test
Patience Worth
-
The Singing Man with the Hoe
Rear-Rank Reflections
The Nine Sons of Satan
What is Nationality ?
If I Were a College President
Efficient Democracy
The Way of the Translator
Your Blood and Mine
On the Distaff Side
Tinkering the Constitution
These Reformers
En Casserole
Who Wrote "An Ancient Con-
Alict?"- Some More to Contrib-
utors -As to the Grouch - The
Hard Path of the Reformer-
Preparedness-Votes for Women
-Another Amende - The Table
of Dives — As to Contentment
What will Money be Worth After
the War? - On Disappointing
the Family
75 cents a number, $2.50 a year. Bound volumes $2.00 each, two a year.
(Canadian, $2.65, Foreign, $2.75.) For the present, subscribers can have
any back number or numbers additional to those subscribed for in advance,
for 50 cents each (plus 4 cents postage to Canada, 7 cents Foreign countries),
provided the whole amount is paid direct to the publishers at the time of the
subscription.
Address :
THE UNPOPULAR REVIEW HENRY HOLT AND COMPANY
LONDON: WILLIAMS AND NORGATE
Readers interested in promoting the work THE REVIEW
attempts, can do so by sending to the publishers names
and addresses of persons likely to be interested in it.


1916 ]
187
THE DIAL
APPLETON'S IMPORTANT NEW BOOKS
THE
YERI
THE
AMERICAN
YEAR BOOK
a
ATLETONS
A record of events and progress during the year
in all fields of human interest
The American Year Book for 1915
Edited by FRANCIS G. WICKWARE
With the Co-operation of Representatives of Forty-Four Leading National
Learned Societies.
This standard reference work has become an undisputable adjunct to
every well-equipped library. Here in a convenient, accessible form can be
found practically everything worth knowing that has happened during the last
year. It is not a mere collection of facts and statistics, but a series of interest-
ing articles written by more than 120 experts, each an authority in his field.
It is an aid of incalculable value to writers, editors, doctors, ministers, lawyers,
teachers, engineers, scientists, business men intellectual workers of all kinds.
Dimensions 8 x 5 X 27/2 in. 900 pages. Bound in red cloth, $3.00 net.
Irrigation Management
Irrigation in the United States
By FREDERICK HAYNES NEWELL, Professor By RAY PALMER TEELE, Irrigation Economist,
of Civil Engineering, University of Illinois.
United States Department of Agriculture.
Formerly Director of United States Reclamation
A non-technical discussion of irrigation in the
Service.
arid section of the United States. “Had this little
Irrigation as a science is accepted, but the
book and the information it contains been available
management of irrigation plants is an unknown to engineers and investors two decades ago, it would
quantity as yet. This volume clarifies many of the undoubtedly have saved the loss of many millions
intricate and new administrative features that this of dollars."-Frederick Haynes Newell, Professor of
latest of commercial enterprises has given birth to in Civil Engineering, University of Illinois.
recent years.
12mo, Cloth, $2.00 net.
12mo, Cloth, $1.50 net.
The Real Story of the Whaler
Through South America's Southland
By A. HYATT VERRILL, Author of “Isles of Spice
By Rev. J.A. ZAHM, C.S.C., Ph.D. (H. J. MOZANS).
and Palm," etc.
The romantic story of the Southland by a
As cotton is king in the South to-day, so, a
veteran traveler, who was Theodore Roosevelt's hundred years ago, whaling was king in New England,
ompanion on his recent to South America.
and this book gives a dramatic picture of that
65 Illustrations. Svo, Cloth, $3.50 net.
romantic trade of the seas, which was in reality the
foundation of American commerce.
Limes and Cements
Profusely Illustrated. $2.00 net.
Textiles
By ERNEST A. DANCASTER, B.Sc.
A brief account of the nature, manufacture,
By PAUL H. NYSTROM, Ph.D., Author of “Retail
and uses of limes and other calcareous cements,
Selling and Store Management.'
containing a brief history of Portland cement, with
A practical handbook for merchants and sales.
men who desire authentic information about textile
a prophetic note on its future possibilities.
production, values, marketing, fabric tests, etc.
Illustrated. 12mo, Cloth, $1.75 net.
(Commercial Education Series. Prepared in the
Extension Division of the University of Wisconsin.)
Practical Electric Wiring
Illustrated. 12mo, Cloth, $1.50 net.
By JOHN M. SHARP, of the Bliss Electrical School, Interest Tables and Formulae
Washington, D. C.
By JOHN G. HOLDEN, Auditor, American Security
A reference book intended to show how to
and Trust Company, Washington, D. C.
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Tables and formulæ with examples and deriva-
if any trouble arises.
tions in handy, easily accessible form for bankers and
90 Informing Illustrations. 12mo, Cloth, $1.00 net.
business men.
12mo, Flex, Cloth, $1.00 net.
An important new volume in the National Municipal League Series
Edited By Clinton Rogers Woodruff
City Planning
Edited By John Nolen, Landscape Architect
Haphazard development of a city is now a thing of the past. Planning ahead for the growth of a city
is the thing of to-day. This book shows what are the needs of the modern city and how these needs may be
achieved for the benefit of all the citizens.
12mo, Cloth, $2.00 net.
Send for special descriptive circulars and catalogue
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK


188
( March 2
THE DIAL
IN THE
MARCH FORUM
HUTCHINS HAPGOOD
HAS AN ARTICLE
PROHIBITION
In which he says:
“The cause of temperance is the cause of civilization. The cause of prohibition indicates
an underlying fanaticism which is never present in the most enlightened communities.”
It is a remarkably sane consideration of one of the problems that troubles the world
whether in war or peace, and examination of the question from a new viewpoint-the effect of
prohibition - not the effect of alcohol – on character and social customs and the way men
live their lives.
a
HUTCHINS HAPGOOD is neither a “wet "nor a "dry.” But he is a very human
sociologist, interested, as his books attest, in discovering the things that make life richer in
human values. And he says, frankly, as always, what he thinks of prohibition and prohibi-
tionists, and the saloon, and the economic aspects of liquor-drinking. It is a wise and far-see-
ing view of a problem every state in America is blunderingly — and sometimes fanatically —
trying to settle.
Besides Mr. Hapgood's article on “Prohibition," there are other INTERESTING
AND IMPORTANT things in the March Forum.
a
There is
FIFTY YEARS OF NEGRO PROGRESS
By BOOKER T. WASHINGTON
prepared a few days before he died, and probably the last public expression to come from
Doctor Washington's hand.
And another of WILLARD HUNTINGTON WRIGHT’S articles about modern
painters and painting; a story by JAMES HUNEKER; an article about “Proxies in
Mormon Polygamy," by Theodore Schroeder, that will excite controversy, and a reprinting
of Herbert Spencer's essay on "The Sins of Legislators," with an illuminating comment by
the Dean of Columbia University Law School.
These and other things -- about Kitchener's Army -- and the Miracles of Modern
Medicine and a new view of Henry Ford's Peace Expedition -- and two poems
the MARCH FORUM.
25 cents a copy, $2.50 a year. Three months' trial subscription, 50 cents.
MITCHELL KENNERLEY Publisher, NEW YORK
are in


1916]
189
THE DIAL
NEW DUTTON PUBLICATIONS
Memories
By LORD REDESDALE. 2 Volumes.
Net, $12.00
A cultivated mind, experiences in many
parts of the world, humour, geniality,
innumerable friendships with well
known people and a vigorous memory
have enabled Lord Redesdale to write
one of the best books of reminiscences
which have appeared in recent years.
.
The Appeal of the Picture
By F. C. TILNEY. Illustrated.
Net, $2.50
An examination of the principles of
picture-making, which are the outcome
of the experience of a painter put to
practical test during Afteen years.
Arts of Early England, The
By BALDWIN BROWN. Vols. 3 and 4.
Each, Net, $7.50
These volumes are a further instalment
of the Arts in Early England, the work
in which Professor Baldwin Brown is
dealing in & systematic manner with a
constructive and artistic activity in the
Anglo-Saxon period.
Volumes 1 and 2 previously issued, each,
Net, $5.00
Venizelos Eleftherios, His Life and
His Work.
By Dr. C. KEROFILAS. Net, $1.25
The position to which Greece has
attained is mainly due to the clear sight
and patriotism of Venizelos; and there
fore, many will wish to be better ac-
quainted with his record and personality.
The Life and Times of
Master John Hus
By COUNT LUTZOW. New Edition.
Net, $3.50
This life is the chief source of our
information on the life of the reformer.
Count Lutzow's work is all that It sbould
be in the way of precision and accuracy.
and it is written with commendable
vivacity and energy.
General Pichegru's
War Pictures Behind
Treason
the Lines
By Major Sir JOHN HALL, Bart.
By IAN MALCOLM. Illustrated.
Ilustrated. Net, $4.00
Net, $2.00
"As a study of the By-Ways of European A most interesting and touching book,
History this is one of the most absorbing almost devoid of horrors but full of love
books that we can recall."-Observer.
and appreciation of the brave men who
are fighting the battle of civilization
English Rallways. Their Develop- in the fields of Flanders and Northern
ment and their Relation to the State.
France."-Vero York Herald.
By MR. EDWARD CLEVELAND-
The Undying Story
STEVENS.
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Presenting a detalled historical account
By W. DOUGLAS NEWTON.
of the consolidation of English Railways
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up to the year 1900.
The superb fighting retreat of the
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Practical Stage Directing
foiled the German dash on Paris and
saved the Allies' lipe.
for Amateurs
By EMERSON TAYLOR. Net, $1.00 Between the Lines
Enumerating the principles on which
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By BOYD CABLE.
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points of the technical knowledge vitally
"It makes you hear, see, feel, smell the
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front."-New York Times.
A Chant of Love for
Figures of Several
England, and Other Poems
Centuries
By HELEN GRAY CONE. Net, $1.00
By ARTHUR SYMONS. Net, $2.50
The title poem of this volume is a reply
Essays of unusual charm and importance
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dealing with many characters of prom-
are also other beautiful poems, ballads,
inence in the Uterary world, as Lamb,
songs and sonnets, many of them breath-
Poe, Swinburne, Rosetti, Hardy, Pater,
ing love for England.
Meredith, etc.
FICTION
Quintessences of
Capitalism, The
The Honeypot
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By the. COUNTESS BARCYNSKA.
A study of the history and psychology
Net, $1.35
of the modern business man.
Author of "The Little Mother Who Site
At Home."
A brilliant novel dealing with chorus
The British Coal Trade
girls and the morals of stage life.
By H. STANLEY JEVONS. Net, $2.25
A popular account of the coal mining Some Elderly People and
industry and of the coal trade of the Their Young Friends
British Isles, in which special attention is
paid to the economic and social aspects.
By S. MACNAUGHTON. Net, $1.35
Delightful is indeed the word which
A Treatise on Hand Lettering
sums up the whole book."-London
Daily Telegram.
By WILFRED J. LINEHAM. Net, $3.50
Appealing to all technical people The Ocean Sleuth
throughout the land, whether students
or those in actual practice.
By MAURICE DRAKE. Net, $1.35
An intricate story of the stealing of bank
The War Lords
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By A. G. GARDINER. Net, $2.50 by a clever and ingenious detective.
An enlarged and completely revised by
edition, in which fresh material has been God's Remnants
added, including & chapter on Lord
Kitchener, with handsome portraits.
By SAMUEL GORDON. Net, $1.35
Brilliant sketches of Jewish life in
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America.
Alliance
By W.O. PITT.
Net, $1.00 Journeys with Jerry the Jarvey
Showing that the present is Italy's long
desired opportunity, and offers a con-
By ALEXIS ROCHE. Net, $1.35
vincing vindication of her policy since
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epigrams so quaint that one is loath to
August, 1914, up to the time when she
took her inevitable place among the
lay It down, A book that can call forth
Allies.
a hearty laugh on nearly every page.
The Scotsman.
The A B C of National Defense
By.JULIUS MULLER. Net, $1.00
Eve Dorre
"We could wish the volume to be in the By EMILY VIELE STROTHER.
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Net, $1.35
heart of every American citizen."-
"It is less & novel of the day than a
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creation of real literature, Boston
Transcript.
The Invasion of America
Strasbourg
By JULIUS MULLER. Illustrated.
Net, $1.25 By PAUL and VICTOR MARGUER-
In a series of graphic scencer, the author ITTE,
Net, $1.35
clothes the grim facts of our present lack A poignant story of life in the besieged
of preparedness ln a living garment of capital of Alsace during the Franco-
realism and tragedy.
Prussian War.
Russian Folk Tales
Translated from the Russian with intro-
duction and notes by LEONARD A.
MAGNUS.
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This selection represents, as completely
as possible, the vast scope and variety
of Russian Folk Tales.
In Pastures Green
By PETER MCARTHUR. Net, $1.75
A series of short delightful essays, in the
form of a journal which deals with all
kinds of farm work at different seasons
of the year.
Old Famillar Faces
By THEODORE WATTS-DUNTON.
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Essays on the great literary figures of
the past generation written in a delicate
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book a literary monument of great value.
A City of the Dawn
By ROBERT KEABLE. Net, $1.50
Introduction by ARTHUR C. BENSON.
"An account of missionary work in East
Africa. The book is vivid, picturesque,
impressive from end to end. "-Arthur
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The Child. His Nature and Nurture.
By W. B. DRUMMOND. Enlarged and
revised edition. Illustrated. Net, $1.00
This book is a study of the physical and
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Consumption and Its Cure
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By FILIP SYLVAN, M.D. Net, $1.25
Showing that consumption can be cured
by & rational method of following some
almple laws of nature.
A Dictionary of Universal Blography of all Ages and of all Peoples
By ALBERT M. HYAMSON.
Net, $7.50
This work not only includes far more names than does any other in existence, but
may clalm without hesitation to deal with more individuals than the aggregate of
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who wish to learn more of the actors or thinkers whom they meet in the course of
their reading.
E. P. DUTTON & CO., Publishers, 681 Fifth Ave., NEW YORK


190
[ March 2, 1916
THE DIAL
The Novels of May Sinclair
“Miss Sinclair is without a rival among the women writers
of to-day. The clear Alame of her work is as near
genius as any woman of her generation has attained."
May Sinclair's New Novel
(Just Published)
THE BELFRY
3rd Edition Now Ready
"A perfect, composite picture of real “A most readable new novel. ... An
human beings amid the stress of present- exceptionally able and interesting study.
day events and emotions.
Rich in Miss Sinclair handles a host of characters
its portrayal of the effects of temperament with unerring grasp . . . vivid, unceasingly
upon temperament . . a story of events as readable, another notable achievement of
they are measured by and sway the minds of its distinguished author." --N. Y. Tribune.
men and women.
A fascinatingly
"Most interesting and readable
interesting story. Better in scheme and
recalls Miss Sinclair's memorable first suc-
motive and characterization even than ‘The
cess.
Combined Maze.' Touches the heights of
. . In 'The Belfry' the story is the
Miss Sinclair's skill
, and indicates in her still thing, from the first page to the last. It ful-
higher powers. ---Boston Transcript.
fills our idea of a really successful novel -
a story so interesting in itself that everybody
"At once refreshing and unusual. Will
likes it, and so well done that nobody can find
appreciably strengthen the author's reputa- fault.”
-N. Y. Globe.
tion.
Few living writers are en-
dowed with such gifts of humanization "An astute study of feminine psychol-
and character portrayal." --Chicago Herald. Iogy and the artist type." —Boston Herald.
$1.35
>
Other Books by May Sinclair
The Three Sisters
A Journal of Impressions
A remarkable psychological study, unforgetable
in Belgium
for its truthful-at times almost uncanny-revelation
of character and motives.
"Full of humor and lovableness. A most unusual
“Miss Sinclair's most powerful piece of writing.”
and fascinating book."-Chicago Tribune.
-N. Y. Sun.
"Miss Sinclair is never a blunt or a hasty observer
and her picture of war as she saw it will furnish
“The women are wonderfully drawn. The group-
valuable and reliable data for the historian of this
ing of figures has been made with consummate art.
The whole story has been conceived, handled and
terrible epoch."-N. Y. Sun.
felt with strength.”—London Standard.
The Return of the Prodigal
“It can be read only with a feeling of distinct
admiration for the vividness with which
it is told and "Let no one who cares for good and sincere work
the understanding of the principles which actuate men neglect 'The Return of the Prodigal.' Its author is
and women which it evidences.”—— Reedy's Mirror, a novelist whom all who care for the honor of letters
St. Louis.
$1.35 must respect and admire.”—London Post. $1.25
THE MACMILLAN CO., Publishers, New York


THE DIAL
A fortnightly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
Vol. LX.
MARCH 2, 1916
No. 713
CONTENTS.
PAGE
THE PERSIAN INFLUENCE ON EUROPEAN
LITERATURE. Charles Leonard Moore . 191
LITERARY AFFAIRS IN LONDON. (Special
London Correspondence.) J. C. Squire 194
The Paper Shortage in England.-Nr. Saints-
bury and the Eighteenth Century.—The Poet
Laureate's Anthology.-A Versatile Writer.
- Mr. George. Moore's New Novel.
CASUAL COMMENT
196
Academic freedom in Poland. A novelist-
librarian.- Mr. Trowbridge's
successful
plays.-A much abused publishing term.-
A Crabbe revival.- Libraries in Labrador.
- The increased cost of collecting. -- Love of
literature in the Blue Grass State.— The
creator of “ Darius Green and his Flying
Machine."— Stupid legislation about books.
-A Jane Austen centenary celebration.-
Tolstoy's later diaries. The function of
fiction.-A fearful possibility in word-
formation.-A word fitly spoken.-A French
Kipling.
COMMUNICATIONS
201
Education and War. Albert E. Trombly.
Mr. Masefield as a Dramatist. H. G. Mon-
tillon.
“Oh God! Oh Montreal!" J. C. Squire.
STUDIES OF FRENCH V LIBRISTES.
W. W. Comfort .
. 203
THE LONG CHILDHOOD OF THE RACE.
T. D. A. Cockerell
205
STRATHCONA OF CANADA. Lawrence J.
Burpee
207
THE CASE AGAINST “SHAKSPERE.” Sam-
uel A. Tannenbaum
208
ECONOMIC INFLUENCES IN THE FORMA-
TION OF AMERICAN PARTIES. David
Y. Thomas
212
RECENT FICTION. Edward E. Hale .
214
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
216
Social problems of to-day.- Boyhood mem-
ories of the Concord immortals.-A compen-
dium for American militarists.-An “honest”
biography of Joe Chamberlain.—The whim-
sical monologue of a man of moods.— Popu-
larizing English legal history.-A traveller
in Northern Russia.- Colonization as the
source of war.- - Huntresses of the insect
world.- Outlines of Belgian history.- Lead-
ers from “ The Times.'' — Luther's works in
English dress.
BRIEFER MENTION
221
NOTES
222
TOPICS IN MARCH PERIODICALS .
224
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
224
THE PERSIAN INFLUENCE ON
EUROPEAN LITERATURE.
An American who has grown immensely
rich was wont to remark, toward the begin-
ning of his career, that he never felt quite
comfortable unless he owed a few million dol-
lars. It is that way with literature. Few
literatures become great until they have
caught up, "conveyed,” absorbed a vast deal
of thought and art from foreign or distant
sources. Take English literature. In the
Elizabethan age the classical renaissance and
the Italianate influence were all in all. Then,
owing to the translation of the Bible, to the
Reformation, and to Milton, Hebrew thought
was dominant, and for a time the English
people were hardly more than a tribe of
Israel. Every man was a lonely prophet, and
any neighbor who differed by a shade of opin-
ion with him was a son of Belial. Then the
gay and social spirit of France leaped upon
the English stage, and literature became witty
and shallow and conventional. And so it has
gone on down to the present day. Looking at
English literature in the large, one would say
that its body has been nourished by a most
minute half-pennyworth of native bread and
a most unconscionable quantity of imported
sack.
This being so, one might wonder, by way
of parenthesis, at the stock attitude of En-
glish critics toward American literary work.
They always insist that we shall spin our web
out of our own bodies. “All we want from
you,” they practically tell us, “is the rustic
murmur of your burgs, your backwoods
mannerisms: we will attend to the large world-
transactions in literature." This feeling ex-
plains their instant acceptance of all our
oddities and so-called originals, and their
cold regard for our greatest men.
Andrew
Lang, in his book on English Literature, finds
that Poe and Emerson and Hawthorne and
Lowell and Longfellow have grown too rich
and great trading on borrowed capital, so he
brushes them all to one side and sets up our
excellent but not very poetic Whittier in
first place. Now literary material belongs to
him who can use it. We see no reason why
.
.
.
.
O


192
[ March 2
THE DIAL
American writers should not follow the exam- never touched more than the surface of Per-
ple of their European cousins and scour the sian life, but Iran was penetrated to the core
world for inspiration or conquest. "Home- by Arabian religion and Arabian ways."
keeping youths have ever homely wits," says For many centuries before, during, and
Shakespeare; and we fancy this is true of after the crusades, a good part of Europe
authors and artists.
sat up of nights shuddering at the menace of
But we must get down to our subject, which the Moslem power. Mahmud and the Soldan
is the not well made out or much thought of must have been almost dominant figures of
influence of Persian literature on Europe. fear and hatred. The epics and legends of
We all recognize our overwhelming debt to the middle ages, the Song of Roland, the Song
Greece and Rome. Latterly some account has of the Cid, the books of Knight Errantry
been made of the riches we have received from reveal this preoccupation, as do the later
Hindu, Scandinavian, and Celtic civilizations. epics of Ariosto and Tasso. Here again,
But the argosies that floated to us from Per- however, the influence was one of opposition
sia and Arabia have hardly been kept track rather than acceptance.
of in our literary custom-houses. Just to It was probably not until the publication of
show what may have happened, it is asserted Antoine Galland's translation of “The Ara-
that one of the earliest migrations to Ireland bian Nights," in 1704-17, that Persia as a
was from Persia. "Erin" could easily be literary influence is to be reckoned with. The
corrupted from “Iran." An ingenious Irish
An ingenious Irish result was shown immediately in the “Lettres
author wrote a book to prove that the Round persanes" of Montesquieu, published in 1721.
Towers were built by and for the use of Montesquieu brought his Persians to Europe
Persian Fire-Worshippers. And an Italian to comment ironically on its civilization, and
writer has traced the legend of Tristan and other writers followed in the same vein. Per-
Isolde to Persian sources. But the question sian tales and apologues appeared in the mis-
of origins is a baffling one. For aught that is cellany prints both in England and France.
really known, the whole human race may have William Collins's “Persian Eclogues” show
come from that “high mountain cradle in the force of the new current, though there
Pamere."
is not much that is Persian about them. Vol-
The largest known influence which has taire and Dryden brought Persia upon the
emanated from Persia is that of the Zoroas- stage.
stage. Eastern Sultans and Sultanesses, in
trian religion — the dualism of Good and turbans and waving plumes, were admired;
Evil, of Ormuzd and Ahriman. It is a dwin- | Roxana and Statira were two of the most
dled worship at home; but it put its stamp on successful tragedy queens of the time. Lady
Hebrew thought, and hence on Christianity. Mary Wortley Montagu travelled to the East
It has put its stamp also on the latest philos- and lived there some time.
ophy of Europe.
Then there was apparently a long lull of
To the Greeks, Persia was a thing of awe interest in things Persian. The East, with
and wonder. They were always in opposition its enchantments, waited to be rediscovered.
to the huge State, but always fascinated by it. Beckford, in his "History of the Caliph
The Great King loomed in their eyes some- Vathek," did rediscover and recreate it; but
what as the Grand Monarque did in the eyes his book was too grim and great to be popu-
of Europe. The Greek leaders, driven from lar, or to turn men's thoughts to the regions
home by their ungrateful countrymen, found of its scene.
of its scene. It was not until Byron made his
refuge with him. 'Woe for Miltiades, sup- first pilgrimage to Greece and, on returning to
pliant at Persia's court; woe for Themistocles, England, published "The Giaour” in 1813,
satrap of Persia's king.” A great part of and followed it up by a quick succession of
Herodotus and Xenophon is devoted to Per poems,-“ The Corsair," "Siege of Corinth,"
sia. Conversely, however, there seems to have Mazeppa,” the Greek scenes of “Don Juan,”
been no return of interest in Greek civiliza- - that the East of mystery and magic, of
tion, even though Alexander
overran the
“fierce wars and faithful loves,” of lawless
great empire. Mr. Edward G. Browne, in his action, was burned in upon the European
“Literary History of Persia," quotes assent-mind. Tom Moore is said to have planned
‘
.
ingly the dictum of Nöldeke: “Hellenism his "Lalla Rookh" before Byron's publica-
6
6


1916)
193
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a
tions, but it did not see the light until 1817. The French, too, lagged after the English in
If there is any truth in the early migration the new exploitation of the East. Victor
of Persian Fire-Worshippers, the Formorians, Hugo's "Les orientales” appeared in 1829.
to Ireland, Moore's interest in this material is
What is the value of Persian literature in
a curious reversion to type. Scott adventured itselfWe are waiting for some authorita-
into the East in “ The Talisman" and in his tive critic to come forward and tell us. Mr.
last good novel, “Count Robert of Paris."
Count Robert of Paris.” Browne's magnificent “Literary History of
To continue the tale of Persian influence in Persia" gives us all the data and much excel-
England, there is Tennyson's "Recollections lent translation, but the author is too modest
of the Arabian Nights,” which sums up the definitely to judge the work he deals with or
Occidental impression of the Orient. Then
to submit it to comparative criticism. He
there is Clarence Mangan's fiery “Karaman," objects to the “Shahnamah,” and we agree
and two or three other poems which are per- with him that it is not a true epic. It is a
haps even more vital in their rendering of gigantic chronicle of kings and heroes, whose
Eastern character and scenery. Kinglake's record extends over many centuries. It has
“Eothen” is an excellent book of travel, not the single action and interest that the
which had a great vogue in its day. And even more gigantic epic poems of India have,
above all there is FitzGerald's translation or
and it seems to have little of the concentrated
recreation of Omar Khayyam. Many of
art of the European epics. Single episodes,
Omar's quatrains are doubtfully attributed notably that of Sohrab and Rustum, are fine.
to him in his own literature; each one of them There are a number of Arabian narrative
is a separate poem, and the arrangement by poems which have an immense reputation in
which FitzGerald made a fairly connected dis- the East, and which probably have a real
course of a hundred or so of them, thereby evolution and concinnity. Neither Persia
adding immensely to the effect, is unknown to
nor Arabia seems to have produced any great
the originals. And FitzGerald used the ut-
dramatic poetry. The Persian Passion Play,
most liberty to cut down, weld together, or which deals with the sufferings of the de-
interpolate. Omar does not rank among the scendants of Ali, is a national work; and the
greatest Persian poets; and as the English race must have other dramatic performances,
version has taken place with the best English but they have not risen on our Western eyes.
poetry, we are forced to conclude that Fitz-
The great mass of Persian literature consists
Gerald must have put into it about as much of lyric and gnomic poetry and tales. Unless
as he found. Matthew Arnold's “ Sohrab and lyric poetry meets with an inspired transla-
Rustum” and “The Sick King in Bokhara"
tor such as FitzGerald, it is likely to remain
are of Persia; and Sir Francis Doyle's “Red sealed up in its own language. Perhaps Per-
Thread of Honor," one of the greatest of sia's best gift to the world has been the short
English war lyrics, deals with a Persian story. This was perfected first in the East,
custom.
and the myriad of splendid specimens in-
The Germans had a “ follow on " in dealing cluded in "The Arabian Nights” have had a
with the East. The writing of Goethe's
vast popularity and influence in the modern
“West-Ostlicher Divan" dates from 1814, world.
though it did not appear until four or five
The Spirit of the East, — what is there that
years later. Goethe had written a fragment distinguishes and differentiates it from the
of a “Mohammed” early in life, but it is genius loci of any other region? It certainly
hard to believe that his new interest in the has not the measure, the perfect taste, of the
East was not due to Byron's example. guardian of Greek life. It has not the holi-
Platen, whose “Ghaselen " appeared in 1821, ness, the sanctity, of the Hebrew angel, or
certainly followed in the track of both. Rück- the goodness and unworldliness of the Hindu
ert's “ Ostliche Rosen came out in 1822, and
It is, in fact, thoroughly worldly, but
“Freiligrath” was much later. Heine, who fierce, intractable, fatalistic. It is wild,
probably more than any modern reproduces bizarre, extravagant, in its imaginations. It
the Eastern type of poet - Hafiz or Saadi, - has wanted either supremacy or a haughty
dealt but sparingly with Persian or Moslem isolation. As the Caliph Omar thought the
themes. His Orient was Syria or Egypt. Koran the only necessary book, so the whole
a
9)
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194
(March 2
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BURY
AND
>
race has been wrapped up in its own achieve all his authors to truncate their works in
ments. Except in philosophy, it has accepted order that the number of "titles" in his list
no intellectual influence from without. Its shall be as pre-arranged. If it comes to this,
cities, always the abodes of unparalleled lux-
we shall feel that the war's failure to evoke
ury, rise on the edge of the desert. It is diffi-
a large mass of good literature has, after all,
cult to say whether they or the mirage pictures if the country were brimming over with mas-
been for the best! It would be too distressing
beyond them are the more unreal.
terpieces which could not be printed owing
CHARLES LEONARD MOORE. to the shortage of ships for the Scandinavian
traffic!
Meanwhile, to do them justice, the publish-
LITERARY AFFAIRS IN LONDON. ers have been “doing their bit.” The statis-
tics of last year's book-production show that,
THE PAPER SHORTAGE IN ENGLAND.- MR. SAINTS-
although the number of books published was
THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.— THE
smaller than that in any year since 1907, there
POET-LAUREATE'S ANTHOLOGY.- A VERSATILE
were still over 10,000 new works and new edi-
WRITER.- MR. GEORGE MOORE'S NEW NOVEL.
tions, exclusive of pamphlets and such small
(Special Correspondence of THE DIAL.) deer. The unfortunate thing is that de-
A modern author seldom remembers how creases are recorded principally in the various
many collaborators he has. But we are now departments of serious literature; even books
being unpleasantly reminded that amongst of verse, in spite of the war-poets and the
these are men in shirt-sleeves who cut down many gallant efforts of lyrical subalterns, fell
trees in the forests of Scandinavia, merchants off considerably in number. This year the
in the Norwegian and Swedish ports, and sail-drop (leaving the paper question out of ac-
ors who traverse the heaving gray wastes of count) will be heavier in all probability, as
the North Sea. In short, the price of paper is most of the old contracts will have been ful-
going up. For obvious reasons the price of filled by now, and publishers have been chary
paper, like that of every other commodity, of making new ones since war broke out.
began mounting as soon as the war broke out. Mr.- he is no longer Professor — George
But recently the Government has been mak-Saintsbury loses none of his energy with age;
ing ever-heavier demands upon the mercantile and in his new volume,
and in his new volume, “The Peace of the
marine for the transport of troops and sup- | Augustans," he lets out at the modernists and
plies; and the report that Sweden contem- at the decriers of the Eighteenth Century as
plates limiting her export of wood-pulp Friar John did at the Picrocholians when he
reaches us almost simultaneously with the hurried upon them "so rudely, without cry-
,
news that the British Government is prepar- ing gare or beware, that he overthrew them
ing a scheme whereunder our newspapers will like hogs, tumbled them over like swine, strik-
have to submit to an all-round reduction in ing athwart and alongst, and by one means or
the supplies of paper allotted to them. Even other so laid about him, after the old fashion
before this, one heard of contracts for paper of fencing, that to some he beat out their
at twice the pre-war prices; the paper- brains, to others he crushed their arms, bat-
makers (or rather the middlemen through tered their legs, and bethwacked their sides
whom they mostly deal) have been refusing to till their ribs cracked with it.” One rather
supply customers with more than enough for feels however, that some of his victims are
their current needs; and one publisher com- Aunt Sallies of his own construction. The
plains to me that he has been buying for con- Eighteenth Century is not a lost cause. It
siderable sums masses of old paper of odd was out of fashion when it was old-fashioned;
sizes, and that he is issuing his books not in it is in fashion again now it is antique. It
the sizes he would choose for them but in was natural that the early Romantics should
sizes determined by the paper he finds avail. have been exasperated with those who thought
able. But suppose the authorities extend to Pope a stupendous poet and the regular
the publishing trade (as it is alleged they are couplet the last word in form; but sneers at
thinking of doing) the forty or fifty per cent Pope are not common to-day. He is read and
reduction of supplies that it is suggested may appreciated for what he was: a great wit, a
be imposed upon the newspapers? I do not great satirist, a consummate craftsman, who
know what real likelihood there is of this hap- showed occasional gleams of the highest kind
pening; but if it does, there must obviously of poetic gift. Is Fielding neglected, or Smol-
be an immense reduction in the number of lett, or Johnson, Addison, Gray, Cowper,
books issued. Newspapers can cut down from Horace Walpole, Goldsmith, Gibbon, or Swift!
ten pages to six. But a publisher cannot get ! On the contrary; in recent years as much
>


1916)
195
THE DIAL
>
serious criticism must have been devoted to (besides fulfilling its ostensible purpose) do a
the Georgians as to the Elizabethans, and good deal for the reputations of certain neg-
many men have even (to this kind of effort lected writers like Gerard Hopkins.
Mr. Saintsbury's writings have been a great Every considerable modern author has
stimulus) spent a good deal of time nosing books written about him; and the boom Mr.
about among the minor Eighteenth Century Belloc has had as a commentator on the war
poets — Shenstone, Lady Winchilsea, Dyer- has induced two young critics, Messrs.
for fragments of the real thing. That the Creighton Mandell and Edward Shanks, to
Eighteenth Century was a great lyric age, write the first monograph on him. They have
and an age principally addicted to intense not done their panegyric by halves. Theirs
observation of Nature is a paradox that will is a small book; and it would appear that,
never be established; but the last generation with space restricted, they have thought fit to
of critics has done a great deal to modify the leave out everything but the superlatives.
old conception of a sudden transition from But it is an error of the right sort, in this case
poetry to prose and back from prose to poetry and at this time. Belloc has not yet had his
again. And the major figures in Eighteenth due here; and I believe - I may be mistaken
Century literature, its novelists, satirists, his- that he has had very much less than his
torians, and letter-writers, are popular enough due on your side. The growth of his reputa-
now to be beyond the need of ferocious cham- tion has been impeded by his very versatility.
pionship. Mr. Saintsbury, in spite of his A friend of his protested years ago that
unique style, is always extremely readable, “ Mr. Hilaire Belloc
and on old literature he is usually sound; but Is a case for legislation ad hoc,
he has certain peculiar limitations when he He seems to think nobody minds
approaches his contemporaries.
His books being all of different kinds."
The Poet Laureate's new anthology, “ The And if a man will write biographies, histories,
Spirit of Man," is an extraordinarily inter- novels, travel-books, essays, studies in the Art
esting book. To appreciate it properly you of War, volumes of propagandist politics, and
have to approach it in the right frame of poems of all sorts, he cannot expect many of
mind. It is not an ordinary anthology of his contemporaries to get a comprehensive
what the compiler thinks the best things in view of his work. Whatever he is writing,
Art. It is a purely personal affair. It is, too, he suppresses none of his interests or
says Dr. Bridges in his preface, "the work of faculties; and it is possible that readers who
one mind at one time.” He has gone through
He has gone through take his books singly find too much of the
his library, as it were, with a pencil, marking novelist in his political and historical works
poems or passages of prose, or even single and too much politics and history in his
sentences, in which he finds spiritual suste- fictions. Over-hasty production has made
nance. He has, where such passages are for- much of his writing less good than it might
eign, translated them into noble English; he be. If he had written no more than “Dan-
has arranged his extracts into an ordered ton,” * Emmanuel Burden (the most suc-
scheme. · To be true to himself and his idea cessful satire ever written on a certain sort of
he had to take every kind of liberty. Many Imperialism), “The Path to Rome," "The
great writers (there is no extract, for instance, Four Men,"" Cautionary Tales, Verses,
from the prose of Jeremy Taylor, or from the "Hills and the Sea," and "On Nothing," six
'
poetry of Vaughan) are omitted entirely be- monographs would probably have been writ-
cause Dr. Bridges does not find in them ten on him by this time. I notice that even
(though others may) that essence for which the enthusiastic Messrs. Mandell and Shanks
he is searching. He will include, on the other shrink from the task of constructing a Bibli-
hand, a poem like “La Belle Dame Sans ography.
Merci,” which, one imagines, no one before Mr. George Moore's new novel, " The Brook
him ever thought of reading as an allegory of Kerith,” will appear in the early summer. An
eternal things. He will take a fine poem of edition de luxe will be issued simultaneously
Sir Walter Raleigh's and cut it short in the with the other — an unusual thing with a new
middle; extract a bare two lines from a long novel. But it is an unusual novel. It deals
modern poem;
and reinsert in Gray's with the Founder of Christianity. Mr. Moore
Elegy " lines that the poet himself dropped. has adopted the theory that Jesus survived
What is one man's food is another man's crucifixion, and was stolen away alive by
tedium; and not everyone will find in all Dr. Joseph of Arimathea; then joining a settle-
Bridges's extracts the quality he finds in them ment of Essenes in the valley of the Brook
himself. But it is one of the most fascinating Kerith, a spot selected by Mr. Moore after an
anthologies we have had, and it will certainly exhaustive personal inspection of the Holy
66
,'
>


196
[ March 2
THE DIAL
seen.
2
Land. Mr. Moore has not hitherto distin- fettering thought and its expression than by
guished himself in the field of historical ro- the knout and the prison cell. Nevertheless,
mance, except when he has been romancing it does seem a change for the better that this
about his own history. Whether he has made Polish institution of learning has undergone,
a success of this tour de force remains to be whatever may prove to be the thoroughness
But the mere avoidance of the stilted and permanence of that change.
and Mr. Moore could write about Moses
himself as if he were his own contemporary A NOVELIST-LIBRARIAN, or librarian-novelist,
- will be a novelty in a book dealing with so whichever of the hyphenated functions he
remote a period in time; and his refreshing most prides himself upon, issues an unusually
and habitual avoidance of the obvious may be interesting record of yearly progress in
illustrated by the fact that the story opens library work, in the “Report of the Chilli-
with an elaborate description of the home- cothe, Ohio, Public Library for 1915.” Under
life of Joseph of Arimathea when a boy. the direction of Mr. Burton Egbert Steven-
J. C. SQUIRE.
son (a name familiar to lovers of fiction with
London, Feb. 15, 1916.
a plot to it and a detective or two in the caste
of characters), the library of Chillicothe, a
city of about 16,000 inhabitants, has of late
CASUAL COMMENT.
years been rapidly extending its usefulness
both in its own immediate community and
ACADEMIC FREEDOM IN POLAND has, with throughout the county of which it is the shire
many other kinds of freedom in that afflicted town. He says in regard to the circulation,
land, long been conspicuous by its absence. If the recognized index to a library's vitality,
present conditions at Warsaw are as repre- that in ten years it “has more than tripled;
sented by a correspondent of the New York in five years it has more than doubled; and
a
“Evening Post,” and are more than tempo- the increase of 1915 over 1914 is 20,768, or
rary, there is reason to rejoice. Dr. R. J. nearly one-third. . . The total increase for the
Oberfohren writes: “The opening of a Polish past two years has been more than 60 per
University in Warsaw in the last months of cent. The increase in reference work and in
the past year has not found the echo in neu- every other branch of the library's activities
tral countries that could justly have been has been fully as great." In round numbers,
expected. A national university was the ful- the 1915 circulation was nearly 85,000, which
filment of one of the dearest wishes of the would be an incredible figure if it were not
Polish people. Under the Russian regime the for the county work that for the past three
Warsaw University was sorely oppressed. All years has been added to the library's city
lectures had to be given in Russian, Polish work. In respect to character the circulation
professors were few in number and under shows some notable features. Fiction, as this
constant supervision, while the majority of novelist-librarian points out with satisfaction,
professors and instructors were Russians. though without derogatory implication as to
The students could only be admitted by Gov- the dignity and worth of this class of litera-
ernmental warrant, had to wear a kind of ture, enjoyed no monopoly of favor with the
uniform, and had strict orders to use the Rus- readers, its circulation amounting to but
sian language both in private and public. forty-five per cent of the total — a remarkably
In the new university all lectures are given in low figure in public-library statistics. But it
the Polish tongue, by teachers of recognized should be added that juvenile fiction is not
standing in the Polish world of science. included in this reckoning; with that taken
There are no restrictions for the students in into account, the percentage mounts to sev-
regard to descent or creed. Full academic enty, not so astonishing though still credita-
liberty, one of the finest fruits of German ble. That a writer of imaginative literature
thought and civilization, is granted and ap- can at the same time be practical in even the
preciated by both professors and students. .. small details of library economy becomes evi-
That sounds hopeful, certainly; but whence dent more than once in the course of this
does the re-opened university draw its vigor- report. For instance, in order to keep within
ous and promising young students, or even its bounds the increasing expense for re-binding,
able-bodied professors, in these days? And Mr. Stevenson established a repair shop in the
even the lauded German academic freedom, basement, where "up to the present time 1250
though Germany has no Siberia for students books have been recased with the use of flexi-
and professors of too liberal or otherwise ble glue. These books are wearing splendidly,
independent tendencies, is not quite all that
the process costs only about two cents a book,
could be desired. There are other ways of and it looks as though the binding problem
.


1916] !
197
THE DIAL
3
or
"
had been solved.” To be at once a successful may have issued its "midnight edition" or
librarian and also the author of popular nov- some other absurdly entitled impression of its
els that circulate both in English (perhaps in slightly altered reading matter. The French
other modern languages as well) and, in newspaper is issued to-day in an edition dated
one instance, in Latin ("Mysterium Arcæ to-morrow, and containing the news of yester-
Boulé") ought to bring to a reasonable man day; and this practice is familiar in other
some measure of content even in this world of European countries. In the department of
unsatisfied longings and unrealized ambitions. book-publication the word "edition” has long
been subject to notorious abuse. With some
,
MR. TROWBRIDGE'S SUCCESSFUL PLAYS, nota- publishers the term “tenth edition"
bly " Neighbor Jackwood,” “ Cudjo's Cave,”
"twentieth edition" may mean no more than
and “ Coupon Bonds,” are called to mind at that the presses have been stopped long
this time in connection with their author's enough, in printing the first thousand or
death. Though making no pretensions to fewer copies, to insert these words in the title-
great dramatic merit, these stage "pieces, page; with others it may have more signifi-
adapted in two instances by Mr. Trowbridge cance, perhaps even meaning "tenth thou-
himself, with some professional assistance, sand" or "twentieth thousand,” as the case
from his stories, furnished wholesome amuse-
may be. But in general the word so sadly
ment and were much in favor with amateur abused rarely signifies anything of more im-
companies. Vividly can we recall the inno portance than "impression” or printing."
”
cent delights of "Coupon Bonds” as pre-Complaints of the inaccuracy have been fre-
sented by non-professional players. That was quent, and several attempts have been made
longer ago than one likes to say, and carries to arrive at some uniformity of usage in the
one back almost to Civil War days, when the matter; but the difficulties are obvious. The
story was written to promote the cause of the distinction between “impression," "edition,"
Union by encouraging its supporters to invest and "re-issue,
invest and "re-issue," as tentatively formulated by
in the government's newly issued securities of the Publishers' Association of Great Britain
the coupon-bond variety. Almost half a cen- is as follows: “IMPRESSION : A number of
tury ago the author made his first decided hit copies printed at any one time. When a book
as'a playwright with "Neighbor Jackwood" is reprinted without change, it should be
(from the novel of the same name) on the called a new impression, to distinguish it from
stage of the Boston Museum. March 16, 1857, an edition as defined below. EDITION: An
was the date, and he himself has described his impression in which the matter has undergone
sensations on seeing the billboard announce- some change, or for which the type has been
ment, "Tremendous Hit!! Received with reset. RE-ISSUE: A republication at a differ-
Thunders of Applause!!!". This was on the
.
ent price, or in a different form, of part of an
very first evening, when he was on his way to impression which has already been placed on
attend the opening performance. But there the market." A general observance of these
"
seems to have been little exaggeration in these distinctions is something greatly to be desired.
staring headlines, as the piece had a run of
three weeks to crowded houses and was a A CRABBE REVIVAL showed signs, about ten
favorite with the Museum 'public for eight years ago, of getting itself started and of
years thereafter. ""Cudjo's Cave” was drama- | acquiring some degree of momentum. It was
tized by some unknown hand and first pro- in September, 1905, that a number of the
duced at the Howard Athenæum, without the Suffolk poet's admirers undertook to rescue his
sanction of author or publisher; but a loop- name from an undeserved obscurity if not
hole in the copyright law enabled the offender oblivion by holding a celebration at Alde-
to escape punishment. These good old plays burgh, his birthplace. This performance came
are now shelved and must be enjoyed, if at all, near to being a sesquicentennial observance,
in reminiscence and in perusal, if indeed the since Crabbe was born a few days before the
time-stained, yellow-covered little pieces are
end of 1754. Perhaps it had been planned as
still procurable.
a' sesquicentennial and suffered unavoidable
delay. However that may have been, no great
A MUCH ABUSED PUBLISHING TERM comes to résults followed in the way of making Crabbe
every city-dweller's attention every day and a favorite with poetry-lovers. Most of us have
usually many times a day. It is the word remained indolently content with such knowl-
“edition.” The “Daily Megaphone” appears edge of him as we could get (in delightful
at early dawn in an extra edition,” at nine fashion) from Edward FitzGerald's letters
o'clock in an “evening edition,'' at eleven in a and from occasional quoted extracts from the
“ *6.30 edition," and before noon has struck it rather voluminous poetical works. To Fitz-
1
.
9


198
(March 2
THE DIAL
6
Gerald his old neighbor was a most admirable print is appreciated, as eyes habitually
and enjoyable singer of the placid pleasures of focussed upon distant objects do not readily
English country life. And now there comes adapt themselves to the requirements of small
to notice another appreciative student of print. Now that the world has heard of this
“The Borough," “The Parish Register," pioneer library work in Labrador," it will
“The Library," "The Village," " Tales of the not be so very surprising to learn of similar
Hall," and the rest of the metrical series bear- | activities in Greenland. There is no geo-
ing Crabbe's name as author. Professor Laura graphical limit to the scope of library work.
Johnson Wylie, of Vassar College, puts forth
a volume of “Social Studies in English Lit- THE INCREASED COST OF COLLECTING, whether
erature," of which "The England of George the collecting be of old masters, of antique
Crabbe" forms not the least entertaining chap- furniture, of rare books, or of other objects
ter. Readers of Crabbe are now so few as to precious and desirable in the collector's eyes,
render this discovery of a twentieth-century has more than kept pace with the increased
student of the leisurely, long-winded poet a cost of living; and for this advance the
memorable event. The only regret is that, growing number of wealthy American collec-
while her essay sends one on an eager quest to tors is largely responsible. The supply of
the nearest library for Crabbe's works, there collectible objects of genuine merit remains,
is not one chance in a score that the library in some departments, nearly constant, in
will be found to contain them. Books and others it is rapidly diminishing, and in few is
articles about Crabbe are procurable in some there any increase at all commensurate with
quantity at any large library, but few such the increasing demand. In respect to books,
institutions and still fewer bookshops can give the Director of the New York State Library,
you Crabbe himself - the more's the pity. which has been striving against heavy odds to
make good its late losses by fire, has this to
LIBRARIES IN LABRADOR form the subject of
say: Not only have currently published
an interesting article by Miss Marian Cutter
books shared substantially in that increased
in “The Library Journal” for February.
cost which has marked luxuries as well as
The theme might be thought to be about as
necessaries during the past ten or fifteen
barren as Snakes in Ireland, but pioneer work
years, but older books, those outside the trade
in establishing library stations and travelling
and technically known as 'out of print,' espe-
libraries was begun by Miss Cutter and others. cially of certain kinds, have multiplied in
with Dr. Grenfell's invaluable coöperation, in
value often many hundredfold. Current
the summer of 1914, and from St. Anthony, books and periodicals cost libraries 20 to 25
The
where Dr. Grenfell has his headquarters, per cent more than fifteen years ago.
many a book has gone out to relieve the
out of print books, those which must be
monotony and cheer the loneliness of Labra- bought from dealers in special subjects, at
dor life. A large room in the St. Anthony auction, in secondhand book shops, from the
schoolhouse received the collection of books duplicate stock of libraries, out of garrets,
given by various publishing houses and many
private collections, etc., have increased in
individuals, and after a month spent in the
value unreasonably, and out of all relation to
the intrinsic value of the book's contents.
necessary sorting, classifying, shelf-listing,
and other preliminaries known to the profes- siderable increase in the number of libraries,
This is due somewhat to the rapid and con-
sion, the library was ready for use. Of course
but most of all to the vastly greater number
it is a small collection, and the demand for
of wealthy private collectors whose ardor in
books on the part of those remote fisher folk
is already considerable and rapidly increasing price which wholly loses sight of intrinsic
the pursuit of rarity or uniqueness creates a
as the joy of reading makes itself felt. Just
value and merely measures the unreasoning,
how many communities and readers are
too often the ignorant and undiscriminating
served at present, and how many travelling emulation of multimillionaires." Collectors to
libraries are in use, is not stated; but Dr.
whom a book's price is a matter of no moment,
Grenfell's “parish ” embraces the Labrador
men like Mr. Henry E. Huntington and the
coast, the Strait Settlements, and all of New- late J. Pierpont Morgan, Robert Hoe, and
foundland north of the railway from Bay of
Alfred Henry Huth, have much to answer for
Islands to Lewisport, so that for a long time to the struggling libraries that are vainly try.
to come no offering of wholesome literature ing to fill the gaps in their several special col-
adapted to simple tastes is likely to go begging lections. But, on the other hand, as Mr.
for acceptance. Juvenile books are especially George Watson Cole has recently shown, these
welcome, and in books for older readers large millionaire collectors do, though chiefly with-


1916)
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9
out any such direct intention, often prove to representative of his craft. He was born at
be, ultimately and usually after their death, Ogden, Monroe Co., N. Y., Sept. 18, 1827;
the benefactors of public libraries.
attended the local schools, but was chiefly
self-taught; lived on a farm until he was
LOVE OF LITERATURE IN THE BLUE GRASS seventeen years old, then started out to make
STATE led to the appointment, six years ago, of his way in the world, teaching school in Illi-
a State Library Commission, which now issues nois and at Lockport, N. Y., afterward going
its Third Biennial Report, a handsome and in to New York City and beginning to write for
every way creditable document in illustrated the press, and finally making his way to Bos-
pamphlet form, containing sixty-eight pages ton, which has been the scene of his more
of interesting information. As is stated on the important undertakings ever since. " The
first page, “the slogan of the Commission has Atlantic Monthly" gave publicity to some of
been ‘A library for every county in the State his more notable early writings, and “Our
and free book service for every citizen.''
.'" Of Young Folks," which he at one time con-
course the desired goal still lies far ahead, but ducted and at all times supported with a
that it will some day be reached, and then variety of successful contributions, could
passed, the present record of progress gives hardly have endured even for its short life-
encouraging reason to hope. Already the time without his aid. His works of fiction,
travelling-library system embraces nearly as from "Father Brighthopes” and “Martin
many stations as there are days in the year. Merrivale” to “A Pair of Madcaps," make a
A glance down the list of these stations re- long list; his writings in verse were collected,
veals some curious names, names that must in large part, and published in a substantial
owe their origin in certain instances to senti-volume in 1903; and the same year saw the
ment, in others to a nimble inventive faculty, issue of his highly readable autobiography,
and in still others to chance associations, some- "My Own Story," wherein his friendships
times of a comic nature. For example, women's with Whitman, Longfellow, Holmes, and
names are not infrequent, as Bertha, Inez, many other notable contemporaries, are agree-
Laura, Livia, Louisa, and Nancy; patriotism ably chronicled. Not among the greatest of
shows itself in Seventy-Six; geological pecu- American authors, he is nevertheless among
liarities are seen in Salt Lick, Sandlick, and the best loved, and has furnished more whole-
Paint Lick; the world's debt to Kentucky in some and hearty entertainment in literary
one important respect is recalled by the names, form than some that are reckoned his supe-
Horse Cave, Long Run, and Stamping riors. He has well and modestly said of
Ground; and notable for various reasons are himself:
the designations, Alone, Blood, Bruin, Ceru- "A flower more sacred than far-seen success
lean, Eminence, Fairplay, Job, Lovelaceville, Perfumes my solitary path; I find
Nobob, Pactolus, Pine Knot, Savage, and Sweet compensation in my humbleness,
Spider. There is nothing colorless or com-
And reap the harvest of a quiet mind.”
monplace about these names, nor, we infer,
about the people who live in the places so STUPID LEGISLATION ABOUT BOOKS is almost
designated and who read the books sent them as old as books themselves. Petty restrictions
in the travelling libraries.
and ignorant meddlings on the part of law-
makers whose interest in literature did not
THE CREATOR OF “DARIUS GREEN AND HIS extend beyond the daily newspaper have been
FLYING MACHINE” probably had not the what the publisher and the book-dealer have
faintest expectation that before half a century had to contend against with what force of
should have passed the invention of the gifted opposition they could command, or to submit
though unfortunate Darius would be per- to with what patience they could maintain.
fected and in daily use, and that it would And now, as if it were needed to cap the cli-
constitute one of the chief instruments of max of American folly in this class of legisla-
warfare in a titanic struggle between two tive imbecility, our chief city and the centre
groups of great European powers. But he
But he of our book-trade has distinguished itself by
lived to see this come to pass. Dying recently passing an ordinance placing book-sellers in
in his eighty-ninth year, John Townsend the same category with pawn-brokers and
Trowbridge left behind him a bewildering junk-dealers, requiring of them utterly impos-
array of literary productions in prose and sible modes of procedure in carrying on their
verse, in narrative, imaginative, dramatic, and business — impossible, that is, if they are to
poetic composition, in works for the adult make a living by that business. A license, a
a
reader and stories for the boy and girl, such bond, a suspension of business activity with
as can be found credited to hardly another the going-down of the sun, a careful keeping


200
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66
)
of records that shall show from whom each open a book of hers once a year? There may
book in stock was bought, how much was paid be. Perhaps time and the correspondence col-
for it, and any further particulars of signifi- umns of the public press will tell.
cance, also, as some interpret the law, a sim-
ilar record of each sale, a strict avoidance of
commercial dealings with servants or minors
TOLSTOY'S LATER DIARIES, now preserved in
offering books for sale, and a cessation of the
the Historical Museum at Moscow, throw so
much light on his mental and spiritual devel-
practice of visiting customers for the purpose opment in the closing years of his life that it
of buying, selling, or appraising books -
these are some of the grimly amusing features
is good news to learn that his disciple and
of the new ordinance as scanned by the friend, Mr. V. G. Chertkov, is editing these
amazed and indignant dealer in literary wares.
records for publication, and that volume one,
If sad experience had not taught us wisdom covering the years 1895-99, has already been
we should be incredulous of the assertion that
issued at Moscow. A cursory view of its con-
a supposedly intelligent board of aldermen, literary supplement, from which it is evident
tents has appeared in the London “Times
not temporarily insane, had sanctioned so
ridiculous a piece of tomfoolery, and that a
that much of the deeply reflective man
chief magistrate in his right mind had put his Tolstoy ingenuously portrays itself in the
name to it. Is it surprising that the book
pages of the diary, but that very little of the
interests concerned have entered a vehement
externalities of his life gains admittance to
protest?
those pages. To them he has recourse like
a penitent to the confessional, that he may
A JANE AUSTEN CENTENARY CELEBRATION
unburden himself of his backslidings, his fail-
is proposed by Mr. Reginald Farrer, an
ures to endure with patience the whips and
ardent admirer of that gifted novelist, in a
scorns of life. There is something strangely
letter to the London “Times.” It is of course
lovable in his unflinching candour and humil-
" the centenary of her immortality," as he ity.” Not in any sense a new Tolstoy, it
expresses it, that he wishes to see duly hon seems, does this intimate diary reveal, nor
ored. July 18 of next year is the hundredth
was such revelation expected or desired; but
anniversary of her death, and it is suggested
a fuller and clearer delineation of the Tolstoy
that a suitable memorial would be an endow already known to and loved by his readers
ment fund for the benefit of those unfor-
does appear to be presented, despite the inevi-
tunates of her own sex of whom "she always table censoring and editing, the selecting and
“
,
speaks with a curious and unexplained in the discarding, that preceded the publication
tensity of feeling," — poor governesses. At of such parts of these personal memorials as
the same time it is proposed that a centenary
are now seeing the light. An early appear-
edition of her works, including even the least
ance of the work in an English dress is to be
significant and least admirable fragments that hoped for and expected.
have hitherto been spared the pitiless expo-
sure of publication, be brought out in sumptu- THE FUNCTION OF FICTION, as well expressed
ous form and with every conceivable editorial by Sir Conan Doyle, is primarily to interest,
accessory, the profits from this edition to go and the fiction-writer has some claim to
into the poor-governess fund. Another cor- hope that if he can but interest his readers he
respondent approves the suggestion of a fulfills the chief end of man in leaving others
definitive edition of the novels, but is not a little happier than he found them.". But
responsive to the appeal on behalf of the poor like all desirable ends it is not to be attained
governess. Instead of the proposed fund, he without a struggle. “The life of a writer of
would have the house where Miss Austen died, fiction has its own troubles," asserts the same
in Winchester, turned into a Jane Austen authority, “the weary waiting for ideas, the
museum for the preservation of Jane Austen blank reaction when they have been used,
relics and souvenirs of all sorts. There is worst of all the despair when the thought
ample time for weighing all suggestions and which had seemed so bright and new goes
choosing the best and most feasible, though a dull and dark in the telling." Perhaps to no
more unfortunate season than the present for one more sharply than to the imaginative
obtaining subscriptions to the end in view writer does the eternal contrast show itself
could hardly be imagined. Perhaps the
Perhaps the between the practically possible and the
pecuniary burden might more easily be borne ideally desirable. One can conceive of even
by the American admirers of Miss Austen Shakespeare as giving way to despair at his
than by her English followers; but are there inability to give his thought adequate utter-
many in this country who even so much as
66
ance.


1916)
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>
A FEARFUL POSSIBILITY IN WORD-FORMATION Gaspard, who is now as popular a character
opens to view in connection with the newly with the French as Mulvaney became with the
introduced “preparedness.” As a correspon- English on his appearance in literature. Gas-
dent of the Springfield "Republican" points pard owes his being largely to a wound re-
out, the awkward term is a Germanism and ceived in battle by M. Benjamin, a temporary
has a certain “rigidifiedness," an undisguised disablement that gave the leisure needed for
"German madeness," hardly in harmony with the writing of the book. Further personal
the genius of our language. It begets, one details that have been made public describe
might add, a very natural afraidness lest it the young author as a Parisian by birth,
may meet with such acceptedness that we thirty years of age, a graduate of the Lycée
shall ere long see the adoptedness of many Louis-le-Grand, a journalist, satirist, drama-
similar terms having little or no adaptedness tist, and novelist. His father was Ernest
to our linguistic habituatedness. The ending Benjamin, novelist and a member of the
-ness has a certain manifest relatedness to the executive committee of the Société des Gens
German -niss (as in Gleichniss), and it is de Lettres; and the eminent veterinarian,
true, without qualifiedness, that it can be very Dr. Henri Benjamin, member of the Académie
conveniently added to almost any past par- de Médecin, is his uncle. The author of
ticiple. Nevertheless this addedness has in “Gaspard " went to the front with his regi-
most instances an undeniable uglifiedness, and ment at the beginning of the war, and except
accordingly there are many who entertain a for the aforementioned hospital term has ever
firm convincedness that this newest Teutonic since been on duty with the indomitably
importedness ought to suffer, without de- cheerful “poilus” whom his book so faith-
layedness, a peremptory banishedness, after fully and amusingly depicts.
which our present wrong-headedness might
give place to right-mindedness.
COMMUNICATIONS.
A WORD FITLY SPOKEN is said, on high au-
EDUCATION AND WAR.
thority, to be like apples of gold in pictures
of silver. Hardly so radiant as that, though
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
extraordinarily expressive to the ear and to
In trying to fix the blame we have been looking
the imagination, is the word used by Mrs.
to corrupt politics for the causes of the war; but
if we examine the facts more closely, we may dis-
Amadeus Grabau (formerly Miss Mary
cover that the true cause lies in want of education.
Antin) in describing the sufferings of her
Politics are corrupt because they are based so
people in eastern Europe. Goluth,” she largely on deceit, and they have seemed necessary
says, "is our own word for our own sorrows. because peoples are not sufficiently educated to
And to-day, in the second year of the great
trust one another.
war, it is the name of the bloodiest horrors,
Education, as we have understood it during the
the most excruciating torments, that ever rent
past century and as it is understood to-day, has
Jewish flesh or agonized Jewish minds. Never
meant the gleaning of facts, the stuffing of the
brain with information. The growth of science has
were so many of our men and women and
tended to make machines of us. In its mechanical
children on the rack at once... Never was
and tireless search after facts, it has robbed us of
Goluth Goluth until to-day.” Already the
.
our feelings and of our religion. We no longer
war ha's familiarized us with one Hebrew have time for meditation, for love, for sympathy,
word, ""Armageddon.". Is it destined to make for appreciation; there are so many facts to be
the melancholy addition of "Goluth" to our gleaned! And we have mistaken the satisfying of
vocabulary of woe?
this nervous curiosity of ours for education! We
could not have gone further astray! In short, and
A FRENCH KIPLING, as M. René Benjamin in truth, we have been developing our brains and
is styled by some of his admirers, is one of the neglecting our feelings,- stuffing our skulls and
is styled by some of his admirers, is one of the starving our hearts. And just as long as we go on
few bright and cheering literary phenomena in this way, we need not dream of peace. We are
(if it be permissible to call him a phenome- barbarians still; cleverer, perhaps, than those who
non) of embattled France. His “Gaspard,' have gone before us, but, perhaps too, for that
buoyant, breezy, and irresistibly amusing, the very reason more barbaric. The science of the
best work of fiction the war has produced, has
nineteenth century we have applied to slaughtering
received the Goncourt prize by unanimous
one another in the twentieth.
verdict -- the first instance of such unanimity Here in America our universities are sadly in
in the history of the Goncourt Academy. It
need of overhauling. Our scholarship consists in
reflects the author's intimate personal ac-
the collecting of facts, and our teaching in trying
to ram these facts into our youth. The higher the
quaintance with just such strenuous military heap of facts the greater the scholar,--and often,
experience as falls to the lot of the “poilu” | too often, the poorer the teacher. The asset indis-


202
(March 2
THE DIAL
ha
“ You
me the
pensable to the university teacher is, not a large “Sometimes, when guests have gone, the host
and attractive personality, not ability to teach, not
remembers
a conduct of life worthy of emulation, but a doc-
Sweet courteous things unsaid.
tor's degree! And what does the degree signify?
We two have talked our hearts out to the embers,
And now go hand and hand down to the dead."
Why, that the holder possesses his pile of facts!
And very often the doctor is teaching for the
And what others could be quoted from “ The
simple reason that nothing else “ turned up.” For-
Faithful”Where else is the same beauty of
tunate young men, indeed, who are privileged to
imagery and phrasing? But Chikara and Kurano
study under him! And America is still the land
have not talked their hearts out to the embers.
of opportunity! The most remarkable teacher I
Far from it -- you are not convinced. Nor are
have ever known was in the habit of saying: “Our
they or the atmosphere of the play Japanese.
purpose here at this school is, not to turn out And what greater peril to a character or a situa-
teachers, but to discover them.” Unfortunately
tion than that you do not believe in it! The test
What
the universities do not have as lofty an ideal: they question always put to the dramatist is:
are content with “ turning them out." Let a man
right have you to ask me to imagine this thing
of power, an artist, a thinker, a poet, appear in
happening?
one of our universities, and he is warned that if he And again, fine as these quoted lines are,- do
wishes to advance," " to succeed " professionally,
”
we not feel that here Mr. Masefield is speaking
he must lay by his dreams, his thoughts, and his and not his character? There is a notable instance
songs, and gather facts.
of this in “ The Tragedy of Nan" where Nan
We expect, and with reason, that enlightenment forces Jenny to eat the tainted pie, saying:
will come through education; but it will never
shall eat the charity of the uncharitable," just
come through what we have mistaken for educa- the thing it would never enter Nan's head to say.
tion. There is danger in any extreme, yet we are
I consider“ Nan a wonderful and stirring
persistently in pursuit of one. To rush to the play.
play. Mr. Masefield has his unique theory of
opposite extreme would be no wiser; but it does tragedy (which he sets forth in a note prefacing
seem as if something like a mean could be reached “Nan”), “ of the exultation which comes from a
and maintained. We need better teachers and delighted brooding on excessively terrible things."
better men, less skull-filling, and vastly more atten- There is no doubt but that he is a “playwright
tion to the development of the sense of right and trying for beauty,” and no doubt but that he
wrong, of duty, of pity, of compassion, of rever- has found it in “Nan," “ The Widow in the Bye
ence, of love, of beauty. We need to expend some Street,"
," and his other very dramatic poems. But
of the energy that has gone to determining the I do regret " The Faithful," and the earlier play,
probable origin of an adjective to rousing some Pompey the Great," where the old Romans are
wholesome human enthusiasm. If we no longer actually shocking with their ultra-modern English.
have the religion of our fathers, let us cultivate Contemporary criticism must be a little generous
another. We need to feel, and to trust our feelings. for the sake of encouraging better effort, if for no
Education in the future must mean the training other reason; but do let's be honest, especially
of the heart as well as of the intellect. When men in dealing with such a man as Mr. Masefield,
will have learned truth, faith, compassion, and love, whose reputation is secure.
there will no longer be danger of warfare or need
H. G. MONTILLON.
of international politics. When men have ceased to Buffalo, N. Y., Feb. 22, 1916.
be barbaric individually, they will no longer be so
collectively. Instruct men's minds and you make
“OH GOD! OH MONTREAL!
crafty animals; instruct their hearts and you make
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
men brothers. Crime is intellectual, not emotional.
An impulse becomes criminal only when perverted
Correspondence at this distance means leisurely
by the mind. Of all crimes, war is the most hellish,
controversy. In your issue of Dec. 9, I attributed
the “ Psalm of Montreal ” to Samuel Butler. In
for it contains all others within itself. Peace comes
that of Jan. 6, Mr. Wm. H. Dall, whilst repudiating
of enlightenment, and enlightenment emanates
from what transcends reason
an excessive reverence for meticulosity,“ in behalf
the affections.
of the dumb shade of the late William Henry Hurl-
ALBERT E. TROMBLY.
bert” reclaims “ the honor of its authorship" for
University of Pennsylvania, Feb. 17, 1916.
him.
I do n't know where Mr. Hurlbert comes in. In
MR. MASEFIELD AS A DRAMATIST.
the most recent edition of the “ Note-Books of
Samuel Butler" it is stated that Butler wrote the
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
poem in Canada in 1875. It appeared in The
I was very much surprised to see the amount of
Spectator on May 18, 1878; in 1884 it was in-
praise given to Mr. Masefield's “ The Faithful” in
cluded in Butler's “ Selections from Previous
a recent criticism in your pages. Reviewers have
Works"; and a MS. of it, which Butler gave to
a practice, and a good one, of quoting significant Mr. Festing Jones, is now in the Fitzwilliam Mu-
lines of a book to substantiate their claims for or
seum at Cambridge.
against it. I have a practice, in reading, of copy-
But perhaps it was really written by Francis
ing into a note-book lines that strike me as par- Bacon.
ticularly fine; and in this play there were four
J. C. SQUIRE.
lines only,— those quoted in the criticism:
London, England, Jan. 28, 1916.
6


1916)
203
THE DIAL
tively hysterical,--she leaves us cold, in no
The New Books.
degree persuaded that we have been missing
anything vital in the literary expression of
STUDIES OF FRENCH VERS LIBRISTES.*
French genius. We do not recall less judg-
ment, revealed in airy vaporings and in care-
Of the six contemporary French poets dealt less style, in any book of the sort.
with in her new volume, Miss Amy Lowell is Nor does one have to be an academic fogey,
quite right in saying that they are little bound by the fetters of convention, to deplore
known in America, with the exception of Ver- such a volume of hazarded judgments. For
haeren, who has shared the fate of his brave " the hair-splitting criticism turned out by
country in recently deserving our attention.
erudite gentlemen for their own amusement
Samain, de Gourmont, de Régnier, Jammes, Miss Lowell expresses that disregard which
and Paul Fort do not figure in our academic artists often affect. But you, who are gentle
programmes, and there is little information to readers, shall judge for yourselves presently
be had in English concerning their personali- of the unhappy execution of this attempt to
ties and their theories. The book, then, at- exploit a literary field too little known. Miss
tracts the reader: the subject, the author, the Lowell has a perfect right to her own taste
publisher, and the price combine to warrant in poetry, and to extol the French representa-
eager anticipation.
tives of it. But she must prove its superior-
Those who have a fondness for the essay ity to other French poetry, which we admire
style will be the first to take up the book,- and love because it has something to say, and
and the first to be disillusioned. The task the harmony of which it will be hard to equal.
before the critic was so to interpret the writ- She fails to establish her case for three rea-
ings of contemporary French poets as to sons: because she does not succeed in dignify-
make them seem worthy of attention in Amer- | ing the philosophy of the artists she treats;
ica. The task was attempted first in lectures because she furnishes us with no adequate
in Boston, and later continued in the stout background of the poetic tradition with which
volume now published. Miss Lowell is in the vers libristes broke; and because her
sympathy with their work, being herself an presentation is trivial and vapid, expressed
artificer in verse of a new style, and has had in language which is intended to be capti-
the opportunity in Paris of informing herself vating, but which causes in the reader the
of their lives, their aims, their methods, and pain induced by a perfervid and too often
their message. As for Verhaeren, he is in a slip-shod style. The most valuable part of
class by himself: he is a strong personality, such a shallow book, as La Bruyère long ago
an impressionistic painter of Flemish land- remarked, consists of the lengthy extracts in
scape, and an interpreter of Flemish emo- the original. We may have our own opinion
tions; he needs neither Miss Lowell nor any of the enduring quality of this sort of poetry;
one else to insist upon his genius. But for but that is beside the purpose. Our protest
the others! The critic favors us with a few
biographical details, such as can be gleaned in our regret is that such a new and attractive
he
current French appreciations or in certain subject should have fallen to the lot of such
literary coteries of the capital. All this is unscientific and uncritical appreciation.
very thin and lacks proportion. But the A reference to each of Miss Lowell's essays
shock comes when we approach the interpreta- will do something to warrant the strictures we
tion of this modern poetry, and are greeted have passed upon her irresponsible judgments.
by the most fulsome praise and exaggerated One strange thing about Verhaeren," we are
claims. Our interpreter appears to lack all told, “is his true greatness... No matter what
background for her estimate of the permanent Verhaeren does, his work remains great, and
value of these latter-day poets. As has been
As has been full of what Matthew Arnold calls ‘high
often pointed out, French poetry at its best seriousness. The purists may rail, that only
is difficult enough for us foreigners to shows how narrow the purists are. A great
appreciate justly. But with Villon, Marot, genius will disobey all rules and yet produce
Ronsard, La Fontaine, Chénier, Lamartine, works of art, perforce” (pp. 37-38). Again:
Musset, Vigny, Gautier, and Hugo in our “ That Verhaeren must have married some-
mind, Miss Lowell had a heavy task to arouse time before 1896 is clear, because Les Heures
our enthusiasm for the poets of her choice. In Claires, published in that year, is the first of
this task she has failed. Despite her claims a series of love poems, of which Les Heures de
for them — now softly insinuating, now posi- l’Après-midi, published in 1905, and Les
Heures du Soir, published in 1911, are the
Studies in Contemporary Literature.
By Amy Lowell. New York: The Macmillan Co.
other volumes (p. 44). If there are no
• Six FRENCH POETS.


204
(March 2
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G
other arguments to prove the poet's marriage, genius to realize that, and "the simple and
we are not greatly advanced in our facts; for ignorant public" knows that life is neither a
we have heard of poets who wrote love poems dream nor a simulacrum. The Master has given
in single blessedness. However, assuming the wondering layman a definition of symbol-
that there is a Mme. Verhaeren, we are put isme: “If one keeps to its narrow and etymo-
off with this empty tribute: “No biographer logical sense,” it means “almost nothing; if
mentions who Madame Verhaeren was, or any- one goes beyond that, it means: individualism
thing about her, except to pay her the tribute in literature, liberty of art, abandonment of
of understanding and cherishing a great man. existing forms, a tending toward what is new,
That she has been a helpmeet to him in every strange, and even bizarre," etc. (p. 119):
way these poems prove" (p. 45). Poor lady! The iconoclasm of the School and the pose of
Why drag her in at all, until someone has its interpreters are well brought out in the
the rare enterprise to discover her identity? | Master's further definition: “The sole excuse
One envies the conscience of a critic who can which a man can have for writing is to write
refer to persons and facts only to discard down himself, to unveil for others the sort of
them in this blithe fashion,
world which mirrors itself in his individual
The second essay, on Albert Samain, who glass; his only excuse is to be original; he
died in 1900, is more pleasing. The quota- should say things not yet said, and say them
tions make one wish to read more of this in a form not yet formulated” (p. 120). That
graceful, timid, proud, passionate, and programme will carry one well along toward
reserved” genius. In conclusion, our critic
In conclusion, our critic extravagance, unless one have a strong dose
asks: “Have I evoked a man for you! Have of that excellent French quality of raison.
I
I shown him as he was?” The question is a Miss Lowell is likely to hear from other quar-
little disquieting, coming from a lady; yet ters of this choice “ gaffe”: “ The truth
on the whole we can answer “Yes.” But the seems to be that, to most Frenchmen, Catholi-
style is so lurid, so obtrusive, as to spoil the cism is more of a superstition than a religion.
æsthetic pleasure one ought to feel when read- | I hardly believe religion, as we conceive the
ing an æsthetic critic who is explaining an term, to be possible to the Latin mind” (p.
æsthetic vers libriste. “Paris lured him like 125). That is a pretty large order; but our
the Pot of Gold at the end of the Rainbow critic has a facility for original announce-
(p. 57). Again:
Again: “Little dramas, they are, ments, learned perhaps from de Gourmont as
sufficient each one to itself with a perfect above quoted. Such a statement may some-
finality. And the delicacy with which they times be made of one's personal acquaintance,
are done defies analysis. They are transpar- but hardly of an entire race.
ent, hardly printing themselves upon the Of de Gourmont's youth between 1858 and
atmosphere, like egg-shell china held to the 1883 we learn nothing," as the only real
light. And yet what movement they have!” biography of him I have been unable to get
(p. 90). One should turn to the poems to (p. 110). However, we must overlook the
which these remarks refer in order to decide deficiency, as again in the case of Jammes
whether this sort of thing is criticism, or (p. 262), and turn instead to de Régnier, who
whether it does not rather prove that one poet " is universally considered the greatest of the
ought not to interpret another.
symboliste poets" (p. 149). Here we have
Remy de Gourmont, who died last year, did two pages of irrelevant family history going
a little of everything, and Miss Lowell does back so far as the sixteenth century, all calcu-
well not to claim first place for him in any- lated to show what a very aristocratic gentle-
thing but in “the æsthetic (sic) of the French man M. de Régnier is. The whole ancestry is
language," whatever that may precisely mean. perfectly banal, and could be matched by
“But the way he has written, no one can sur- hundreds of inconspicuous families. We are
pass him there; and we, who try to write, amazed to learn that “he is one of the great
mull over his pages for hours at a time, and poets of France,” and that “he is an even
endeavour to learn the lesson which he has greater novelist. Such a novelist as there can
analyzed and illustrated for us” (p. 109). be only a dozen or so in any nation's history
There is little room for quotation; but we [sic].
[sic]. Hugo, Stendahl (sic), Balzac, Flau-
suspect that Miss Lowell, the poet, has mulled bert, Zola, Anatole France, is he inferior to
over de Gourmont, as she says, and that her any of these?” (pp. 149-150). Well, most
own poems prove her discipleship. In "Six- people would say so; but we are afraid to
tine," written partly in prose and partly in admit it, for fear of being condemned as a
verse, de Gourmont “wishes to prove that the Philistine. Here is further appreciation of
world is only a simulacrum, and the perception this wonderful man, expressed in wonderful
of it hallucinatory" (p. 111). It takes a English: "After four hundred years, not of
>


1916)
205
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(p.
>
ور
steady rising, but (much more difficult prob- pointe" (p. 8), "gout” (p. 62), "bocs" (p.
lem) continued arisen, this family has pro- 62), “Provence” (p. 86), "tout se taisent”
duced one of the greatest poets and novelists (p. 89), “Lecompte de Lisle " (p. 114), "par-
“
which its country has known. Seven volumes aſlèlment” (p. 117), “Paysages spirituelles
of poetry, fifteen volumes of novels and stories (p. 144), “lese-majesty” (p. 125), “Sten-
(and all, mind you, works of the very first dahl” (p. 149), “Melchior de Vogue
rank), one play, and three volumes of essays, 208), “on réveil on dit” (p. 219), “fleures
is his tally up to date. And the man is only (p. 220),
(p. 220), “arreté" (p. 231), “renassant"
fifty-one! Why! No stevedore could work (p. 278), “theâtre” (p. 279), "assiterez”
so hard! It is colossal. · And this man is a (p. 284), “nauges” (p. 298).
scion of an old aristocratic family!” (pp. 153-
W. W. COMFORT.
154). That challenge ought to have made old
Boston's aristocracy sit up and take notice.
But in France we have heard of a Voltaire,
and of a certain Balzac who wrote quite a THE LONG CHILDHOOD OF THE RACE.*.
little parcel of pretty good novels and died
Pithecanthropus, the ape-man of Java,
before he was as old as M. de Régnier. probably lived nearly 500,000 years ago. The
lific
aristocrat that, after quoting the Intro: Heidelberg man, represented by a massive jaw
from the sands of Mauer, may have existed
duction of "Les Médailles d'Argile," words
about 250,000 years ago, half-way between our
fail her: "Is any thing in any language more time and that of the ape-man. The Chel-
lovely than that? If so, I do not know it”
lean culture-stage is perhaps a hundred thou-
(p. 192); and again: “Oh, they are beauti-
sand years old. These estimates are not exact,
ful, these poems! I know nothing more per-
but it is at least certain that the period of
fect in any language” (p. 203). If anyone written history represents but a minute frag-
p
else does, let him hold his peace in the pres-
ment of the whole story of man. Though each
ence of this ecstasy.
successive generation has died, the stream of
The essay on Francis Jammes is our favor-
life has been continuous, and we of to-day
ite. This poet has an attractive personality, represent the fruition of many hundreds of
his southern verse is so fresh and vital as to
centuries of ceaseless endeavor. Before such
deserve to be better known, and Miss Lowell's
a record our preconceived ideas are shaken,
interpretation is more nearly sane.
and we ask ourselves whether some purpose
Fifty pages on Paul Fort, dramatist and dominated the evolutionary process,
lyrist, form the last of the essays.
As soon
whether civilization may be a relatively tran-
as he becomes known, we are told that he “is sient and accidental by-product, destined to
certain to share with Verhaeren the unquali- perish because too remote from the broad
fied admiration of English-speaking people"
deep currents of animal life. The discoveries
(p. 271). “Whether the proletariat agrees of anthropologists do not in themselves form
or not, Paul Fort is a great poet, a very great a basis for philosophy, but they necessarily
poet” (p. 323). Believe me! Again, the
Again, the change and color all philosophical systems.
common herd must wait until the scales fall
We had vaguely known that humanity had its
from their eyes and they are initiated into
roots in the remotest past, but now a large
the mysteries of tortured language and figure. portion of that past is unrolled before us, and
The volume is accompanied with striking we are able to realize what man has been
portraits of the six poets, which one is during by far the greater part of his exis-
tempted to cut out and frame; it contains an tence. Fragmentary as the record is, it begins
English prose translation of the French poems to assume reasonable coherence, and for a
quoted in the text - an example of pious hundred thousand years or so we may even be
supererogation -- and an extended bibliog- said to possess a sort of history.
raphy, in which the publishing house of the It is natural to compare the earlier types
Société du Mercure de France figures with with modern man, and deem them imperfect
suspicious regularity. The book belongs in in proportion to their remoteness from our
the numerous class of trivial works on Paris, standard. In reality each successive form
France, and the French, which are so superfi- represented the apex of development, perhaps
cial as to misrepresent the genius of the race
at least as well fitted for its special environ-
they are intended to glorify.
ment as we are for ours. The ape-man and
It is rare to find a Macmillan publication
.or
* MEN OF THE OLD STONE AGE." By Henry Fairfield Osborn.
so marred by misprints. The following were With-illustrations by Upper Paleolithic Artists and Charles R.
Knight, Erwin S. Christman, and others. New York: Charles
caught in a first reading of the book : "à le
Scribner's Sons.


206
(March 2
THE DIAL
we
the man of Mauer were sufficient unto them- sor Osborn as a side branch of the human
selves, surely not mere models in the rough family, which has left no descendants; but
of something yet to come. Yet, looking back still more recently, Mr. G. S. Miller of the
on the story as a whole, it is hard not to see U. S. National Museum has undertaken to
what the biologists call orthogenesis,- evolu- prove, and apparently with success, that the
tion having a definite trend and a definite supposed new genus consists of a primitive
fructification, seeming as though designed. human skull and the jaw of a chimpanzee!
This is the ideal of progress, the most char- Whatever may be the ultimate fate of the
acteristic peculiarity of our species as it Piltdown race, the general argument pre-
exists to-day. Individually and racially, sented by Professor Osborn is not affected,
believe that we are going somewhere.
and the more interesting and important part
The late C. R. Henderson used to say that of the evidence, resting on quite a different
to him perhaps the greatest obstacle to belief basis, cannot be assailed. The now numerous
in a benevolent providence was the fact of the discoveries of remains of the Neanderthal race
late discovery of the microscope. Why had prove that this primitive type of man was
so many suffered through the ages for lack of normal in his day, dominant and wide-spread
the knowledge this instrument might pro- over central and western Europe. We have
vide? In the case of the earlier human types, an excellent idea of his physical structure and
there is no obstacle to the belief that they of his simple culture. He was not our ances-
were living as full a life as their capacities tor, but was displaced at the beginning of
permitted; but when we come to the Upper upper palæolithic time by the true homo
Palæolithic, we find in the Crô-Magnon man sapiens, the Crô-Magnon man, a type "which
a being with abilities similar to our own, and ranks high among the existing types in capac-
perhaps only inferior to us in lack of inven- ity and intelligence.” The new race came, as
tions and traditions. It seems an extraor- wise men are supposed to do, from out of the
dinary thing that for thousands of years there | East, and somewhere in Asia the true begin-
lived a creature possessing inherent powers nings of our own species of man must be
which could not find adequate development, sought. A bust, modelled with the aid of the
which were destined to remain latent, await- skeletal remains, shows a remarkably fine
ing the slow growth of socially inherited type, which would look well anywhere in the
knowledge. It is Dr. Henderson's puzzle on modern world. The good opinion thus formed
an infinitely larger scale.
is fortified and increased when we examine
Professor H. F. Osborn, in his “Men of the the wonderful examples of paläolithic art left
old Stone Age,” has brought together in in the caves of southwestern Europe. It is
readable and connected form all the new and extraordinary to see the hairy mammoth, with
old information concerning early man, with characteristic pose, drawn by the man to
an abundance of excellent illustrations, many whom it was a familiar object. The master-
of them the work of palæolithic man himself, piece of the collection, illustrated by a colored
taken from the caves of France and Spain. plate, is the bison from the ceiling at Alta-
From his long study of mammalian evolution, mira, vividly painted in four shades of color.
and his special interest in the glacial period, In a sense these figures are crude, but they
he has been able to approach the subject in a are wonderfully life-like, showing keen obser-
broad spirit, and deal with it as adequately as vation and genuine artistic ability. They are
modern knowledge permits. The progress of as different as possible from the poor picto-
recent years has been so great that all the graphs left by the American Indians.
older books are quite out of date, and the The Crô-Magnon man was by no means the
reader is astonished to find how much real only variety of homo sapiens which entered
information now takes the place of the nebu- Europe, but he was the most interesting. The
lous speculations of only a few years ago. In modern population is extremely complex, but
place of a confused mass of more or less unre- it is a curious fact that the present inhabi-
lated facts, we now have a reasonably con- tants of Dordogne possess the peculiar cranial
nected story, not too difficult to understand.
features of the Crô-Magnon type, which actu-
In one respect even this new book probably ally inhabited the same region in palæolithic
stands in need of amendment. An important days. There are good reasons,
appears, for
section is given over to the Piltdown race, believing that this ancient blood survives lit-
discovered in the gravels of Sussex, and
tle diluted, and herein lies an additional argu-
described by A. S. Woodward of the British
ment favoring the view that these men of old
Museum as a new genus combining the char-
were not inferior in inherent capacity to those
acters of man with those of the higher apes.
of to-day.
This man or animal is considered by Profes-
T. D. A. COCKERELL.
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1916)
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THE DIAL
life of Strathcona, tells the story of his quar-
STRATHCONA OF CANADA.*
ter-century or more of service on the Labra-
Lord Strathcona - or Donald A. Smith, dor, his gradual promotion to the charge of
as he was known to several generations of the important Montreal department; his visit
Canadians was a product of Scotland and to the Red River Colony as a special commis-
Canada. Like his cousin, George Stephen sioner of the Canadian Government, and his
(afterward Lord Mount-Stephen), Sir Sand- exciting experiences with the leader of the
ford Fleming, and many another famous Rebellion, Louis Riel. This visit to the west
Canadian, he was born north of the Tweed, changed the whole current of Donald Smith's
and in early manhood crossed the seas to seek life. He became deeply interested in the
his fortune in the new world. There must struggling little settlements that were soon to
surely be some peculiar virtue in the combina- develop into the Province of Manitoba, and
tion of Scottish character and a Canadian quickly recognized the wonderful agricul-
environment, if one may judge by the results tural possibilities of the Red River valley.
in cases such as these. Physical, economic, When Manitoba was brought into the Cana-
and other difficulties that might surely dis- dian Confederation in 1870, he became one of
courage most men, seem but to add zest to the
the first representatives of the province in the
lives of those hardy sons of the north. Where, Dominion Parliament, and so began his career
indeed, will one find a more extraordinary as a public man,- a career which brought
story of sheer determination and will-power him at one time or another into more or less
surmounting all obstacles, than in the life of bitter conflict with the leaders of both the
Donald Smith ? He came to Canada a boy of political parties of the country.
eighteen, and can hardly be said to have been From his visit to Red River may also be
welcomed with open arms, as he was banished said to date Donald Smith's interest in the
to the bleak and inhospitable coast of Labra- question of transportation, an interest which
dor, where he spent more than a quarter of brought him into close contact with such rail-
a century of his life. Yet he lived to become way builders as J. J. Hill, Norman W. Kitt-
Governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, son, R. B. Angus, and his cousin George
Canada's High Commissioner in England, a Stephen, and which ultimately had a good
peer of the Empire, and one whom statesmen deal to do with the organization of the Cana-
and princes delighted to honor.
dian Pacific Railway Syndicate and the build-
The service of the Hudson's Bay Company ing of Canada's first transcontinental railway.
has from the beginning appealed to the spirit There are some rather controversial points
of adventure of Scotchmen, and in the case connected with Donald Smith's career as a
of Donald Smith there were special reasons Canadian politician, and a builder of rail-
why his thoughts should turn to the great fur ways; but it is impossible to enter into them
country of the west. John Stuart and Robert here, even if it were desirable. On these and
Stuart, his mother's two brothers, and Cuth- many other points, Mr. Willson's book will be
bert Grant and Cuthbert Cumming, her found an admirable, if a trifle ponderous, foil
cousins, were all famous Nor'Westers. Their to the somewhat vindictive though unques-
romantic exploits in that wonderful land of tionably clever biography of Strathcona by
boundless plains and forests, gigantic moun- Mr. W. T. R. Preston. The latter pictures
tains, sea-like lakes, and mighty rivers, with Strathcona as the evil genius of his country,
its countless herds of buffalo in the south and or something very much like it. Mr. Willson,
caribou in the north, and its wild Indian in- on the other hand, presents his hero as one to
habitants, became familiar to their young
more than to any single other, is due
kinsman; and it is not surprising to find his (Canada's] material prosperity and much of
thoughts turning more and more to the west, her political temper.” Mr. Preston would no
until he finally made up his mind to answer doubt put his own interpretation on “political
the insistent call. He landed at Montreal in temper,” but Mr. Willson's meaning is wholly
July, 1838, and after a characteristic inter- complimentary. As in so many other cases,
view with the cold-hearted but most efficient the truth probably lies somewhere between
little autocrat of the fur-trade, George Simp- these two extremes.
son, found himself duly apprenticed to the
Not the least striking fact in the life of
Honourable Company of Adventurers of Strathcona, and one quite characteristic of his
England trading into Hudson's Bay.
indomitable spirit, is his acceptance at the
Mr. Beckles Willson, in his very complete High Commissioner; and it was equally char-
age of seventy-six of the important post of
* THE LIFE OF LORD STRATHCONA AND MOUNT ROYAL. By acteristic of the man that he should have
Beckles Willson.
Houghton Mifflin Co.
thrown himself into his new duties with such
whom "
In two volumes.
Illustrated.
Boston:


208
March 2
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66
>
66
tireless energy and resourcefulness as to trans- those immortal works; that Shake-speare
form what had previously been a rather cum- was only a pen-name or pseudonym, either
bersome and ineffective office into an agency for an unknown individual, a man of rank
of tremendous usefulness to the Dominion. who had reasons for concealing his iden-
These are but the broad outlines of a par- tity,” or for a syndicate of writers who pub-
ticularly long life packed with achievement, lished their poetic and dramatic effusions
the details of which will be found in Mr. under this name, under some arrangement
Willson's two substantial volumes. If one with “Shakspere" the actor, because the
had any criticism to offer of his work, it would spear-shaking form of his name "makes an
be that he has sometimes gone out of his way
excellent nom de plume"! Why it had to be
to enlarge at great length on the history of the name of a particular individual, especially
men and events touching only very indirectly of an individual not otherwise distinguished
the story of Lord Strathcona. However, that
for literary achievements, and what the par-
is a fault that has its redeeming features; ticular virtues of the surname "Shake-speare"
and on the whole, Mr. Willson's biography
are, we are not informed. Presumably,
an admirable piece of work.
though we are not told anything about it, no
other Englishman of that day had such a
LAWRENCE J. BURPEE.
fine-sounding (?) name; or, if he had, would
have lent it or sold it for such a purpose.
Presumably, too, no other Englishman but
THE CASE AGAINST SHAKSPERE." * the Stratford rustic, not even Bacon, would
have consented
The “Bacon-Shakespeare question," which
even for a consideration
has been well characterized as the vainest of
to go through life with the stigma of having
written such unconsidered trifles as “ Venus
all paradoxes, seems to exert a peculiar fasci-
nation on lawyers. This may perhaps be
and Adonis," "Hamlet," "Lear," "Othello,"
accounted for by the fragmentary and desul-
etc. Presumably, too, no other Londoner but
tory character of the details that have been
this country yokel, whose only virtue lay in
hitherto accumulated concerning the earthly
his name (which Mr. Greenwood says he
career of William Shakespeare and which lend
could hardly write), would have agreed to
themselves with peculiar facility to all sorts
have "a wretched picture and worse bust," a
of jugglery and prestidigitation. The profes- doggerel epitaph and some Latin verses con-
sional pride of the biologist bent on recon-
taining" a howling false quantity," survive
structing an extinct species from a few fossil
him. For of course these things must have
remains is as nothing compared with the zeal figured in the bargain between Shakspere and
of a clever lawyer engaged on a case which,
"the great unknown” or unknowns. To Mr.
because of the unlikelihood of his circum-
Greenwood - so great is the credulity of man,
venting the law, tests his ingenuity to the especially of lawyers- there is nothing inher-
utmost. This, we take it, is the explanation ently improbable in the assumption that an
for Mr. Greenwood's book,"Is There a Shake- uneducated, semi-illiterate clown, speaking an
speare Problem?” although he would proba. off on London,-- the London of Elizabeth and
almost unintelligible patois, could be palmed
bly have resisted the call to write it had not
Mr. J. M. Robertson, M.P., and the late An-
James,- as the author of literary works that
drew Lang seen fit to reply to his former
were the wonder and the delight of the day.
book, "The Shakespeare Problem Re-stated.”
Does Mr. Greenwood really believe that if
Mr. Greenwood is not, and we say this
such had been the fact, some member of that
emphatically,— though he once was, a “Baco-
illustrious syndicate would not have left some-
nian.” He resents nothing so much as being where a hint of the transaction, or that some-
included among the “Baconians." He is an
one in that gossipy and curious age would not
have remarked on the incongruity of a man
“anti-Willian," i. e. he contents himself with
maintaining only that Willy "Shakspere" of
so ill-qualified writing such works, or that
Stratford (1564-1616), actor, money-lender,
someone would not have openly questioned
maltster, huckster, and realty speculator, was
the reputed paternity of those compositions ?
not the William "Shake-speare
Shake-speare” who wrote
Not all the king's horses nor all the king's
the plays and poems known as "Shakespeare's
men can make us believe that. Furthermore,
Works." In fact, Mr. Greenwood's thesis is
who can believe that the numerous writers of
that day who wrote Shakespeare's praises,
that “Shake-speare,” with or without the
hyphen, was not the name of the author of
such as Meres, Davies, Scolloker, Webster,
Freeman, Digges, Weever, etc., did not know
a
>
the man in the flesh? Or were they all in the
Mr. J. M. Robertson and Mr. Andrew Lang. By G. G. Green-
great secret? Aware of some of these difficul-
* Is THERE A SHAKESPEARE PROBLEM?
With a Reply to
wood, M.P.
New York: John Lane Co.


1916)
209
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-
>
ties, Mr. Greenwood, unlike most Baco -- we link, and that some of his links are very weak,
beg pardon! anti-Willians — is willing to ad- Mr. Greenwood takes refuge in the analogy
mit that “Shakspere" had some education, of a rope one of whose fibres is easily broken
must have known a little Latin and Greek, but whose strength is not thereby impaired.
had a few legal phrases at his command (as á But every one of the threads in the rope
result of his business transactions), and even woven by Mr. Greenwood is rotten. Speak-
had some
but very little — skill in penman- ing legally, we may say that no judge would
ship. In fact, Mr. Greenwood seems even submit a case to a jury, even where only a
ready to agree with the Rev. Begley, whom he literary matter is in dispute, in which each
quotes without contradiction, that Willy can- single evidential item had been struck from
not be totally excluded from the immortal the minutes as either incompetent, immate-
plays (the poems are not included), and that rial, or irrelevant, as would unquestionably be
he assuredly had a hand in “working at and the case if Mr. Greenwood had brought his
patching up the various old plays he had action in a court of law instead of in the
scraped together.” Unless this means that court of public opinion.
court of public opinion. It is more than
our fellow Will ” was permitted to trim the likely that after the presentation of his case
manuscripts or bind the loose sheets together, a motion to dismiss with costs would immedi-
we are to conclude that “Shakspere" wrote ately be granted, and he would be very fortu-
the non-Shakespearean portions of "Shake-
Shake-nate if shortly thereafter he were not himself
speare."
the defendant in several actions for libel and
If Mr. Greenwood's book will not convince malicious prosecution.
the reading public, nothing else will. It is Determined to retain Rowe's fantastic and
remarkably well written and very readable. utterly unfounded assertion that William was
His humor, his sarcasms, his adroitness, his withdrawn from school at the age of thirteen
personalities, his cleverness, the earnestness to help his father, Mr. Greenwood accepts
and vehemence with which he argues his case, unquestioningly the general belief that John
prevent him from being dull or uninteresting Shakespeare had declined into the vale of
for any unduly long time, notwithstanding poverty about the year 1577. He gives the
the repetition of old and hackneyed data and reader the impression that Mr. Robertson and
overworked, if unsound, arguments. He is so the Rev. T. Carter are the only ones - who
shrewd in his analysis of some of the evidence, adopt the “baseless” (?) theory that the
so systematic in the exposition of his thesis, poet's father was not reduced to a state of
so merciless in his exposure of the shallow- penury. But there are others — such honest
ness, the absurdities, and the ignorance of independent investigators as Hunter, Knight,
poorly equipped biographers and commenta- De Quincey,— who find the evidence of a
tors, that scholarly orthodox Shakespeareans “penniless" Shakespeare not only insufficient
must give his book heedful note. If it were but contradicted by very positive evidence
not for an apparently ineradicable bias in the proving that John was fairly prosperous to
question at issue--a bias which utterly dis- the end of his days. Even Halliwell-Phil-
qualifies him for a genuinely scientific, objec- lipps repeatedly warns his readers of the in-
tive study of the evidence, - a deep rooted, sufficiency and unreliability of the evidence
perhaps unconscious, hatred of “Shakspere of pecuniary embarrassment. Rowe invented
the man, this would really have been a valua- the story to account for William's “small
ble contribution to our knowledge of the Latin and less Greek”; and Mr. Greenwood
Elizabethan period.
retains it to show that William could not have
We can conceive of almost nothing more had all the learning that “Shake-speare" dis-
unprofitable than a summary of Mr. Green- plays. Mr. Greenwood's theory requires a
wood's counts against “Shakspere" would be. semi-illiterate, rustic William, and he forces
There is not a single fact by way of commis- everything to that formula. Many of the
sion or omission in the annals of “Shakspere” facts relied upon by Malone and his succes-
and his family that he cannot and does not sors to prove John's poverty are more than
distort into an argument against the Strat- probably attributable to his Catholicism. An
fordian's authorship of the writings attributed honest consideration of the evidence, by no
to him by his contemporaries and poster- means insignificant either in quality or quan-
ity. To every point made by Shakespeare's tity, will convince any sane and unbiased
biographers he exclaims triumphantly: “Just student that to the end of his days John
what we should have expected of Shakspere Shakespeare not only lived in comparative
the actor! But absolutely inconceivable of affluence but enjoyed all those things that
.
Shake-speare the poet!” Sensible of the fact "should accompany old age, -as honor, love,
,
that a chain is not stronger than its weakest | obedience, troops of friends.” The stories of


210
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66
his being a broken bankrupt and a bailiff- of “motion," "an absurd suggestion, which
hunted debtor are figments of the imagination. [like all other conjectural emendations sev.
Mr. Greenwood devotes a long chapter to eral editors thought worthy of being placed
proving, by quotations from various Baco- on record.” But Mr. Greenwood carefully
nians and some orthodox Shakespeareans, suppresses the fact that modern commenta-
that Shakespeare was “a man of the highest tors give a perfectly satisfactory explanation
culture, of wide reading, much learning, and of Hamlet's words without resorting to Aris-
a large familiarity with the classics,” and that totle or altering the text. Hamlet, excoriat-
therefore he could not have been the William ing his mother for her choice of a second
who was (?) withdrawn from a filthy village husband, whom he paints in most uncompli-
school at the age of thirteen by an impecu- mentary colors, says to her: “Mental facul-
nious (?) father and who is fabled to have ties (sense) you surely have, else could you
been flogged for raids on imaginary deer in a not have feelings, desires, emotions, i. e. sen-
park that never existed, and who made a sual cravings." The words sense and
hasty marriage at eighteen. But the gram- “motion” were commonly employed by the
mar school at Stratford, we have good reason Elizabethans and by Shakespeare in the
to believe, was then one of the best in En- senses here given. For Hamlet to have told
gland; and, as we have no good reason for his mother then that she must have sensibility
assuming that he left that school without com- because she had the power of locomotion
pleting the course of education there given, would be the acme of inanity, and wholly
it is all but certain that he could there have inconsistent with what follows.
obtained that knowledge of Latin and Greek A long chapter is devoted to the attempt to
— the only subjects taught -- that he exhibits, prove that Shakespeare the poet must have
and that acquaintance with certain writings received some special training in the law,"
of Horace, Ovid, Virgil, Juvenal, Plautus, and and that he could therefore not have been the
Seneca that his critics find. If he was he- Stratford Shakspere who devoted his time to
and we see no reason yet for doubting it— we killing calves in high style for the purpose of
may rest assured that he loved books too much rehabilitating his father's fortune. Mr.
not to continue his reading in the classics Greenwood accomplishes this, as he thinks, by
after he left school. Others have done it; quoting the opinions of various "authorities
why not he? And there is no inherent im- to the effect that Shake-speare thought as a
probability in the assumption that on his lawyer, that his thoughts took a legal mold,
arrival in London, whither his genius called that he introduces legal expressions “when
him, he found himself in an environment that there is no necessity for them and sometimes
induced him to take up the fashionable study when they seem not a little out of place, or
of French and Italian.
even inartistic, i. e. on occasions when they
We cannot resist the opportunity of giving would not suggest themselves to an ordinary
the reader a taste of Mr. Greenwood as a layman," that he employs legalisms in such a
a
logician and as an interpreter of Shakespeare. manner as to indicate a real knowledge of
He adduces Hamlet's sentence, Sense sure the rules and technicalities of the law," and
you have, Else could you not have motion,” to that according to Sir Sidney Lee and the
prove that Shakespeare “was undoubtedly Encyclopædia of the Laws of England” he
familiar with the Aristotelian psychology." was ever accurate in his legal terminology.”
To accomplish this marvel he tells us, after Mr. Greenwood has apparently never heard
many flourishes, that according to Aristotle of a book by the late Mr. Charles Allen
'the faculties of the soul are growth, sense (Attorney General of Massachusetts, 1867-
(or sensibility), desire, motion, and reason. 72, and Justice of the Supreme Judicial
Plants have only the principle of growth; Court of Massachusetts, 1882-98), in which
animals have sense as well, which is the dis- it is shown that “Shakespeare" shows no evi-
tinguishing faculty of the animal soul. dences of a legal education, that his supposed
Motion implies sense, and an animal that has knowledge of law has been greatly exag-
motion must necessarily have sense as well.” | gerated, that many of his legalisms are intro-
Thereupon, backed by his “old friend Dr. duced in a manner more characteristic of a
Jackson, A.M., F.B.A., of Trinity College, layman than of a skilled lawyer, that he em-
Cambridge,” he exclaims: “That we have ploys such legal expressions as a lawyer would
here the true explanation of Shakespeare's never employ, that some of his plots are based
words cannot, I think, be disputed." The old on such bad law that no lawyer would abide
commentators, he informs us, could make them, that many of his legal phrases are
nothing of the above passage, and Warburton strained, untechnical, and inaccurate, that his
actually proposed to read “notion " instead contemporaries, in accordance with the fash-


1916)
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He says:
66
>
ion of the day, employed legalisms as freely and trickery on the part of William, his
as he did and that some of them introduced father, and the officials of the College is, of
into their compositions many legal terms and course, accepted in its entirety by Mr. Green-
allusions to which no parallels can be found wood, notwithstanding that there is not a
in his works, and that many of his legal ideas word of truth in it. All that I said on this
are such as a trained lawyer would not be subject in my review of Mr. Baxter's book
capable of. Ben Jonson, I may add, was not (THE DIAL, Dec. 9, 1915) applies verbatim to
a lawyer, and yet he introduces into his works the book now under consideration.
legalisms even more abundantly, more spon- Mr. Greenwood goes beyond recent Baco-
taneously, and at least as accurately as Shake- nians and Shakespeare biographers in his
speare into his.
“Shakspere " had ample comments on a subject that has received but
opportunities to learn the verbiage and techni- little attention at their hands.
calities of the law from his own as well as his "John Shakspere had made (an application
father's experiences. Besides, there is evi-
Besides, there is evi- to the Heralds' College] once before, viz. in
dence at hand, as Mr. Greenwood knows, that 1568, while he was bailiff of Stratford, sup-
William may have been a student at one of porting it by numerous fictions concerning his
the Inns of Court before he left (not "fled family. The negotiations of 1568, however,
from ") Stratford.
proved abortive." Mr. Greenwood's confident
All recent "
“anti-Willians," following the assertion that this application “proved abor-
lead of Sir Sidney Lee, treat their readers tive" is founded on Sir Sidney Lee's opinion
to frequent sarcastic references to “Shak- that “otherwise there would have been no
spere's application for a coat-of-arms and necessity for the further action of 1596."
his genuinely English desire to be styled Inasmuch as this matter has not hitherto been
“gentleman." To your Baconian, Sir Sidney elucidated, and as it furnishes an excellent
Lee is as unimpeachable as holy writ - when illustration of the slovenliness with which
he says something discreditable to William or Shakespeare's biography has been written, we
his family. Mr. Greenwood informs his read- append the following explanatory comments.
ers that in 1599 William had “with great The 1568 application for a coat-of-arms is
difficulty obtained from the College of Arms not known to be in existence. Mr. Green-
a recognition of his claim to a coat-of-arms." wood's confident assertion, therefore, that this
There is not a particle of evidence that the application was based on “numerous fictions
Shakespeares had any difficulty in obtaining concerning his (John's) family” is mere fic-
this coveted distinction. Furthermore, there tion. Whether the 1568 transaction proved
is extant irrefutable evidence that the appli- abortive remains to be seen. In 1599 the her-
cation for arms was granted in 1596, not in alds made the assertion that “John Shake-
1599. But Mr. Greenwood prefers to accept spere [sic] produce this his Auncyent Cote
the latter date, so as to create or heighten the of Arms heretofore Assigned to him whilest
probability that William Shakespeare was he was her ma’tes officer & Baylife of [Strat-
caricatured by Jonson in the person of the ford].” In the second (1596) draft, a memo-
ridiculous Sogliardo (in “Every Man Out of randum asserts that “This John sent A
His Humour," 1600) who obtained a coat-of patierne thereof under Clarent Cooks hand in
arms "after much toil ‘among the harrots.'” papor," i. e. that John Shakspere presented a
,
If Jonson had intended maliciously to allude draft of the wished-for coat drawn and writ-
to Shakespeare's coat-of-arms he would not ten by Robert Cook, Clarencieux. This is all
have waited till 1600, three and a half years we know about the matter. Halliwell-Phil-
after the grant, to do so. To further heighten lipps was of the opinion that "no grant of
the assumed resemblance between Shakespeare arms was made to John Shakespeare before
and Sogliardo, Mr. Greenwood translates the 1597, for he is called 'yeoman’in a (Latin)
latter's motto, “Not without Mustard,” into | deed dated (early] in that year.” But this is
the French, “Non sans Moutarde,” a form in more than offset by the fact that after 1568,
which it never occurs in Jonson's play. Her- the year of his bailiffship, John was almost
aldic mottoes with the words “Not without' invariably accorded the honorable addition of
were very common in England and Scotland, “Master" in the Corporation Records, in the
but they were almost invariably rendered Parish Register, and in private documents;
“Sine,” not “Non sans.” Mr. Greenwood's and in 1580 he was included in "A Booke of
assertion that it is now generally admitted the names and Dwelling places of the Gentle-
that in “Every Man Out of His Humour" men and Freeholders in the Countie of War-
Jonson has a hit at Shakespeare is, to say the wick."
least, an exaggeration.
In the absence of the least particle of evi-
Sir Sidney Lee's wretched account of fraud dence to the contrary, the assertions of the
(6


212
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heralds concerning the early (1568) arms are us that there were in England four sorts of
entitled to be regarded as truths emanating Esquires, one of them being “Esquires by
from the highest authority. Fortunately for virtue of their offices, as justices of the peace.
the lovers of the dramatist-poet, John Shake- Smithurst and other old writers on Heraldry
speare applied for arms at the very time when speak to the same effect. So that John Shake-
the College must have been particularly free speare may very well have applied to Robert
from all possibility of corruption. During Cook for a coat-of-arms in consideration of
the years 1593-5, the quarrels of Dethick, his prosperous circumstances and the impor-
Camden, and Brooke, involving all the officers tant offices he held, and obtained his request.
of the College in their angry accusations and From Professor Christian, quoted in var-
recriminations, reached such enormous pro- ious editions of Blackstone's Commentaries,
portions that, in order to save the College we learn that those who achieved armorial in-
from utter ruin, the Queen was compelled to signia by virtue of public office had a right to
interfere. She commissioned Lord Treasurer that distinction for life. By 1596 John
Burghley, Lord Howard, and Lord Hunsdon Shakespeare was retired from business, his
to take full charge of the College. For the son was winning renown in the literary and
purpose of correcting the abuses complained dramatic world and was acquiring wealth.
of, and of restoring order among the heralds, Being apprised of William's intention to pur-
Sir Edward Hobby and Sir George Carew chase New Place, the second best house in
were then authorized to draw up a set of Stratford, the thought occurred to Master
ordinances for the government of the officers Shakespeare, former Bailiff, Justice of the
of the College. These lords rendered their Peace, and Chief Alderman, that now was the
report on September 28, 1596,- less than a time to elevate the family in the social scale,
month prior to the date of the 1596 Shake-
preserve to posterity a record of the achieve-
speare drafts.
At such a time the heralds ments of his ancestors, and perpetuate his
would not be likely to imperil their positions own distinguished career. Having succeeded
by referring to a non-existent draft or patent in this, he subsequently, in 1599, applied for
in Cook's hand.
permission to impale the arms of Arden with
Why, Mr. Greenwood may ask, was it neces- those of Shakespeare, so as to perpetuate the
sary for John Shakespeare to apply for a gentle descent of his wife; but for some
coat-of-arms in 1596 if one was granted him unknown reason the transaction was not
some twenty-seven years before? The answer completed. In all this there was absolutely
to this question we conceive to be as follows: nothing to be ashamed of, and nothing incon-
In 1568 John Shakespeare was elevated by sistent with the poetic genius of William
his fellow burgesses to the honorable position “Shakspere."
of “bailiff and justice of the peace of the
SAMUEL A. TANNENBAUM.
incorporated borough of Stratford, and by
virtue of that office he achieved the social
grade of “gentleman” for the rest of his life. ECONOMIC INFLUENCES IN THE FORMATION
OF AMERICAN PARTIES.
The effect of municipal honors and dignities
to advance a yeoman to the rank of gentry Notwithstanding the protests of
and to entitle him to coat armor was a note- churchmen against the giving over of all his-
worthy feature of the political system of the tory to the heartless hand of economic deter-
England of the sixteenth century. Sir John minism," and of the disciples of Freeman
Ferne ("The blazon of gentrie"), writing in against the neglect of "past politics," the
1586, says:
school of historians who believe in the
“If any person be advanced into an office or dig- nomic interpretation of history” is steadily
nity of publique administration the Here- gaining in strength. The fact is that practi-
alde must not refuse to devise to such a publique cally all of our historians have belonged to
person, upon his instant request, and willingness this school, though some do not realize it and
to bear the same without reproche, a Coate of
some would deny it. Even the high-sounding
Armes, and thenceforth to matriculate him with his
intermarriages and issues descending in the Regis phrases of Bancroft about rights and liberty
ter of the gentle and noble. In the Civil
and patriotism mean little more than that the
or Political State divers Offices of dignitie and colonists fought England because they be-
worship doe merite Coates of Armes to the pos-
lieved it to be to their economic interest to do
sessours of the same Offices, as Bailiffs of so. One does not have to go outside of Hil-
Cities and ancient Boroughs or incorporated dreth to find that the struggle between the
townes.”
Federalists and the Republicans was in real-
Sir William Camden, one of the very highest
* ECONOMIC ORIGINS JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY. By
authorities on matters of Heraldry, informs
some
60
eco-
.
OF
Charles A. Beard. New York: The Macmillan Co.


1916)
213
THE DIAL
ity based upon conflicting economic interests. governed only by force or interest. Force
The whole course of our tariff controversies, was out of the question in America. With the
from 1789 to 1913, is nothing but the strug- gradual development of his fiscal policy, the
gle of conflicting interests.
line of cleavage was brought into bolder relief,
The difference is simply this: In the older for men began to align themselves accord-
historians the conflict of economic interests is ing to their interests. From the musty rec-
a mere incident, often a subordinate one, ords of the treasury department, hitherto
which we only read about between the lines little used, Professor Beard has shown that of
made luminous by the heat of conflict over the fourteen senators who voted for the fund-
the Constitution, the sacredness of the Union, ing bill, eleven were security holders. Of the
and things of like character. On the other twelve who voted against it, five were security
hand, the historians of the newer school put holders, but three held only small amounts.
the economic phase of the conflict in bold Of the thirty-two representatives who voted
face type at the head of the paragraph, and for assumption of the state debts, twenty-one
then back this up with a strong array of were security holders, while only eight known
facts. The makers of history are also reduc- security holders voted against it,— these lat-
ing it to an economic basis, demanding that ter, with one or two exceptions, coming from
our education be made “practical,” — that is, states where the holdings amounted to very
made to serve the economic needs of the little.
people.
An examination of the Republican and
One of the most enthusiastic and deter-Federalist controversial literature of the
mined of the economic interpreters is Pro-period also leads to the conclusion that eco-
fessor Charles A. Beard, whose "Economic nomic interests were at the bottom of party
Interpretation of the Constitution" appeared divisions. The writers do indeed name politi-
more than two years ago. The method used cal differences; but even such authorities as
in this earlier volume has now been followed John Taylor and John Marshall, representa-
in tracing the economic influences back of the tives of the different parties, speak of the
formation of parties. In his earlier volume, division as due to the conflict between the
the author reached the conclusion that the capitalistic and the agrarian classes.
Constitution “was a product of a struggle That economic interests were largely instru-
between capitalistic and agrarian interests," mental in causing divisions on foreign affairs
the financiers, public creditors, traders, manu- has been pretty well recognized; yet even
facturers, and allied groups being for it, the here Professor Beard sheds new light, espe-
farmers and debtors being prominent among cially in showing why Virginia, which im-
the opponents. This line of cleavage, he says, ported more goods than New York or most of
never was obliterated, and marks the real line New England, opposed the Jay treaty and, in
of difference between the Federalists and the general, sided against England.
Jeffersonian Republicans,- a view which
-a
In the “great battle of 1800" the question
runs counter to that of some other investiga- of personal freedom, which had been threat-
tors of this period.
ened by the alien and sedition laws, undoubt-
In proof of this thesis, Professor Beardedly played a part; but both parties frankly
submits an array of evidence. One is that fought on the economic issue. That, in gen-
maps showing a political reversal in certain eral, the line of division left “wealth and
localities between 1788 and 1800 are untrust- talent” on one side, and the agrarian inter-
worthy, owing to the large increase in the ests on the other, is shown by conclusive evi-
vote. For example, in Boston only 760 voted dence drawn from all sorts of sources, such
to express themselves on the adoption of the as histories, monographs, pamphlets, news-
Constitution, but more than 3000 voted in papers, manuscripts, and election returns in
1800. In several places every man who voted
many localities.
Even the Southern slave-
in 1788 might have supported Adams, and holders needed to be assured that they had
still Jefferson would have won. Men of that nothing to fear from Jefferson, who was
day thought that parties were growing up, known to be an abolitionist.
and lamented this fact. No member of the What is the significance of all this ruthless
convention who opposed the Constitution ever iconoclasm? Are we to believe that the
went into the Federalist camp, while six oppo- Fathers were utterly sordid and corrupt,
nents went into the Republican camp and seeking only the advancement of their own
later were joined by twelve who had favored interests? By no means. It is yet to be
adoption.
proved that they were any more self-seeking
Hamilton was the high priest of the Fed- than are the statesmen of to-day. Many of
eralists. His theory was that men could be them had an eye to the main chance in the
>


214
[March 2
THE DIAL
a
Ous one.
funding and bank bills; but who will deny mance. That true romance neither he nor any
that the country profited immensely through of his numerous followers has succeeded in
these acts? It would be very difficult indeed putting into lasting form; and failing (it
to prove that the Fathers profited more in would seem) to realize his early ideal, Mr.
proportion than later statesmen who voted for Webster has thrown himself into the current
their own and their country's welfare in many possibilities of bookmaking with a success that
ways,- for example, in the bills for Pacific may be as gratifying to him as it has been
railroads and in tariff bills for the protection to thousands of admirers. Now, however, he
of “infant industries." At least they were seems to collect himself and make a try at
not “eating one another," as Jefferson said something which he thinks more worth while.
they were doing in Europe, where persons If a man can succeed in such an effort, his
were "piled upon one another in large cities," success should certainly have hearty
and as we would be doing here if that condi- welcome.
tion arose.
Everyone knows that Mr. Webster has very
DAVID Y. THOMAS.
great ability in seeing interesting possibilities
in the confusions of current life, and in tell-
ing a story so that one will want to read it to
RECENT FICTION.*
the end. It is perhaps less generally recog-
The novels for 1916 have begun long before nized that he has no especial gift for conceiv-
one has finished the novels of 1915, and in ing and rendering character, or for suggest-
plunging into them one must leave unnoticed ing the spirit of time and place. In " The
Real Adventure
many good things of the year gone by. If
he takes himself much as
the first appearances are any sign of the sea-
he is; his book embodies interesting phases of
son, the coming year is going to be a strenu-
current life, and when one has got once
Mr. H. K. Webster in "The Real
started it is certainly interesting. I do not
Adventure," and Mr. W. L. George in “The
make so much of the characters; they seem
Strangers' Wedding,” have both published to me little more than abstractions suggested
books on the subject of marriage, - books with
by ideas that are very common nowadays.
an idea, “ books that make you think," as they The delightful beauty who readily becomes a
say now, or rather did a few years ago. The successful designer of stage costumes, the
reader must not only enjoy the bounty as he
keen corporation lawyer who deals so excel-
may find it, but he must also regulate or
lently with big cases that he piles up enor-
rearrange his notions of sociology. This last mous fees, the alienist who knows absolutely
is, of course, not so hard, for presumably few everything about the human mind, the theatri-
of us have anything in the way of sociological cal producer who brings glittering success out
notions more definitely fixed
than the bits of of sordid chaos. - these people seem to me,
glass in a kaleidoscope, so that a few shakes
not mere puppets, but hardly the real thing.
do not mean as much as might seem.
One follows out the story rather with the feel-
It will be a new experience to many to meet
ing that here are a man and woman doing so
with Mr. Webster as a real student of the
and so, as they work out an interesting prob-
great problems of our day,” or whatever else
lem in married life. It is not that one has
one likes to call people who do what he is
two absolute people living among others of
doing now. And it is otherwise hard to give
their kind, and doing what seemed obvious
him a fair chance in reading his new book,
necessary. The problem remains ab-
for it comes before us so enswathed in bewil stract, still a problem; one has always to
dering advertisement and iridescent publicity decide whether she was right or wrong, and
that the real thing is not obvious. Nor under
Mr. Webster's whole course of lit-
the best of circumstances is the real Webster
erary life makes this sort of thing natural to
obvious, for he has been developing his lit-
him. His young lady in one place refers to
the novels of Mr. Robert W. Chambers as
erary ability for the last ten or a dozen years,
in conditions which to a lesser man would
though they stood for an impossibly wonder-
surely have been fatal. He began with a fine
ful world, and the remark makes one think
and original idea, -namely, that in the great different. It is too splendid a world for ordi-
that Mr. Webster's own world is not so very
industrial enterprises of the America of our
day might be found material for true ro-
nary people; we should be lost in it. -- at
least I should. I could not stand the pace
for
By Henry Kitchell Webster. Illus- a minute: I should feel awkwardly silent in
trated. Indianapolis : The Bobbs-Merrill Co.
By W. L. George.
the brilliant conversation of those delightful
Little, Brown & Co.
dinners; I should find myself pushed into a
By Joseph Conrad.
bleday, Page & Co.
corner at the thought even of those glorious
.
66
or
So on.
# THE REAL ADVENTURE.
THE STRANGERS' WEDDING.
Boston:
WITHIN THE TIDES.
New York: Dou-


1916)
215
THE DIAL
a
>
-
ra
one
compellers of success. The atmosphere is too Huncote as he goes to the St. Panwich Lay
bracing, too smart, too superlative.
Settlement, and in course of time marries
All that makes it rather hard to take the girl of the people.” The last part of the book
book seriously. Mr. Webster certainly does tells how they got on together.
one thing worth doing: he takes the real If Mr. George has a problem or an idea
woman's view. Not that all women would do (and I presume he has; I think I get it), he
just what his heroine did, of course not; has been most successful in embodying it in
few would do such things, and not many more forms of life. The life that he presents is not
would approve of them. But a woman would familiar to me (except in snatches), and yet
understand why she does what she does, why I think I see how exactly this and that must
she feels as she is said to feel. The problem have happened. This daughter of a washer-
is still abstract, but the point of view is right. woman who marries a gentleman,- how natu-
And that (when it comes to thinking) is a ral seems everything that she does, from
very important thing. One wants to look at putting on all her jewels at her first dinner
the problem rightly; after all, the sociological and going upstairs to take them off when she
thinker has to abstract his ideas from the con- observes that the other women do not wear so
crete realities of fiction. Should he not be
Should he not be many, to her sudden escape to Ramsgate
glad to have the author do the abstracting for where she gets kissed by a stray man with
him? Perhaps he would,—though one might whom she falls into acquaintance. The book
ask, Why the novel ?
is full of life; in fact, it is not at all obvious
Mr. George is of course a different sort of just what idea there is in it. This is quite
person from Mr. Webster: he is much more delightful, can read it without any
of a student of social conditions; he writes notion of idea. It is not tremendously solid,
novels, one is told, to diffuse his social and it leaves out a good deal; one has little idea
philosophical ideas. He is a student of the what this man and woman did all day to fill
nature of women and of society in general. up the time. It does seem a little casual that
He comes to his novel from the opposite side. within a year after marriage he should be
Mr. Webster knows all one could desire about taking up vague golf-sticks and going off to
making novels, and about sociology he knows spend the day with no apparent interest in
what he has gathered by general or special what his wife might be doing at home. But
observation. When, a few years ago, Mr. a novelist cannot tell everything, and Mr.
George turned from journalism to fiction he George tells a great deal.
had given careful study to economic prob- One of these books supplements the other.
lems, and knew in a practical way as much In “The Great Adventure” the woman feels
about making novels as anybody else on the that married life, as she and her husband
outside. So one has rather a different feeling understand it, puts her in an unworthy posi-
about his handling of problems and questions tion. With all the devoted love between her-
and such things. Mr. George deals with a self and her husband, she feels that she needs
very different world from that of Mr. Web- to be something really different from what
ster;— the world of the East End of London. she is. She says at first that she is practically
And the average reader is less familiar with a mistress, a prostitute. When she comes to
the life of poor people in London than he is have some personal acquaintance with mis-
with the life of rich people in Chicago. Still tresses and prostitutes, she feels that that was
one guesses that Mr. George is a little super- a very crude and unjust way of putting
lative, too,—not sumptuous but still rather things; but still she feels that the true mar-
exciting Few of us have the experience ried life demands more than the kind of love
necessary to estimate the truth to life of the she and her husband seem to have. “The
evening wherein a man comes up from Oxford Strangers' Wedding ” presents a man and a
to Paddington, dines unwisely and too well woman who love each other so that, in spite of
with three Oxford men, goes to the “Euro- immense difference in character and habits
pean” rather flushed, goes somewhere after and education, they are sometimes absolutely
ward in a cab with a lord proverbially drunk united in spirit. Sue, the daughter of the
and two (perfect) ladies, is thrown out of the London washerwoman, has none of the ideas
somewhere into the street minus his watch, of Rose, the daughter of the American femi-
sees London wake, asks a tramp to have a cup nist. She does not argue about these things
of coffee and finds him dead. It may be abso- at all; but she does subtly feel, and so does
lutely true truth, but at first it is a little her husband, as time goes on, that the passion-
exhilarating. Afterward the atmosphere is ate bond between them is not enough; even
less exciting (or is it that we get used to it?), their most perfect reconciliations are not per-
and we follow with appreciation Mr. Roger / manent. Rose, with a clear head and a loving
9


216
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66
heart, devises a remedy, and carries it through that by abstaining from consumption and
in spite of its drastic necessities. Sue does investing one's savings in the purchase of real
not. One should read both books.
capital, i. e. tools, one can best benefit society,
Such things are interesting and absorbing, we seem to hear an echo of the old theory,
but it is a pleasure to turn for just a moment dead and buried as was thought, that the pos-
to Mr. Joseph Conrad. Mr. Conrad's latest sible employment of labor is limited by the
book is a collection of stories written a few amount of capital in circulation. The popula-
years ago; nor is any one of these stories as tion theory and the wage-fund doctrine have
fine as his best. But it is a pleasure to have been too completely discredited to admit of a
something else by him for all that. It is not modern reader reconsidering with patience a
that one wants to get away from sordid or revival of them in any shape. One regrets
splendid conditions to exotic adventures and the more that the author should thus have
wide horizons; for in Mr. Webster and Mr. invited opposition in the opening chapters of
George we have quite as desperate adven- his book, on finding in the later essays a suffi-
tures and quite as alluring horizons as may be ciently clear elucidation of the root causes of
found in the Seven Seas. Nor is it that it is that which distresses us all, the persistence of
a relief to get away from problems and ideas, poverty amidst abounding wealth. There is
for in Mr. Conrad there is usually a deeper something not only original but singularly
problem and a more determined idea even convincing in the way in which Professor
than whether women ought to be independent Carver diagnoses the economic maladjust-
in marriage or whether it is wise to marry ments and disharmonies in society, and traces
“out of one's class.” It is perhaps that in them to a cause which, when pointed out, vin-
Mr. Conrad's stories there is almost always a dicates itself as the true one. If to produce a
vital intensity, an absolute originality, which given result in sufficient quantity, the writer
one recognizes at once and likes. These sto- argues, various factors are necessary, it is evi-
ries give us some of those cross-purposes and dent that a restriction of the supply of one of
misfits which seem to make up the detail of the factors will restrict the quantity of the
Mr. Conrad's view of life, but they give them product, and to the extent of that restriction
to us so that we recognize that what they give render the unbalanced surplus of the other
us is life.
factors useless or superfluous. The first
EDWARD E. HALE.
problem in any system of distribution is to
search for the limiting factor or factors.”
Here is the central thought upon which the
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
essay on “The Cure for Poverty” turns. It
is shown as the pivot on which “the law of
The “Essays in Social Justice"
diminishing returns" revolves. Its universal
Social problems by Professor T. N. Carver of bearing on the problems of vocational train-
Harvard University, will pro- ing, and on the distribution in their proper
vide wholesome food for thought to many proportions of administrative ability and un-
who are feeling out toward a better under skilled labor, is revealed in a way that carries
standing of the vexing and perplexing prob- conviction. The light that flows from the idea
lems that face society. But for an obvious of the limiting factor in production is thrown
obsession with the Malthusian doctrine on the upon the inevitable effect of withholding land
part of the writer, and an apparent lingering from use, in a manner that will satisfy the
belief in the outworn wage-fund theory, there most radical of sociologists. If a reviewer
is little in the book with which the most lib- could feel justified in fault-finding with so
eral and advanced political thinker could excellent a book, he might perhaps suggest
quarrel. Professor Carver betrays his Mal- that the author, in common with many other
thusian leanings in the reiterated affirmation sociological writers, betrays a lack of faith in
that economic scarcity” is the dominating the tendency of human affairs to go right of
factor in the regulation of human relation themselves under conditions of freedom. The
ships; and this inevitably invites the opposi- true spirit of democracy lies in the stubborn
tion of a reader who has had opportunities for conviction that if a solid sub-stratum of jus-
observing that the worst periods of destitu- tice can be discovered in “equality of oppor-
tion and social misery have coincided with tunity,” the various factors in the production
those in which the granaries have been over- of social harmony may be trusted to sort
stocked with food-stuffs and the warehouses themselves out and arrange themselves in
stacked ceiling-high with clothing,- for all of right proportions, without regimentation or
which their owners were eagerly seeking con- external aid of any kind. (Harvard Uni-
sumers. In his repeated suggestions, again, I versity Press.)
9
of to-day.


1916)
217
THE DIAL
of the Concord
immortals.
66
5th
The Alcott family in the Fruit invariably without adequate reserves; that the
Boyhood memories
lands days and immediately
and immediately enlistment period has been foolish, and recruit-
afterward, with Emerson, Tho- ing has been made worse by the bounty sys-
reau, Hawthorne, Margaret Fuller, and
Margaret Fuller, and tem; that too much reliance has been placed
Thomas Starr King, are vividly recalled in on raw troops, causing needless protraction of
the boyhood memories of the late Dr. Fred- our wars and corresponding expense; that
erick L. H. Willis, who enjoys the distinction adequate equipment was never on hand when
of being the original of Louisa Alcott's war began; that war cannot be conducted effi-
“Laurie," of "Little Women" fame. "Alcott ciently unless a government wields its power
Memoirs ” (Badger) is a thin volume, posthu- despotically, that is, without a general staff.
mously edited from the fragmentary notes of Mr. Huidekoper's programme calls for a regu-
Dr. Willis by his daughter, Mrs. Edith Willis lar army of 250,000 men, a reserve to the
Linn, assisted by Mr. Henri Bazin. Being the regular army of 420,000, besides a continental
only boy playmate of the Alcott girls, except army and the National Guard. He also urges
William Lane (son of Charles Lane, the the necessity of organizing our national re-
"Brother Lion” of “Transcendental Wild sources, enlarging the military academy,
Oats”), Llewellyn Willis, as he was called in increasing the number of officers, extending
those days, had exceptional opportunities to the system of military training camps, keeping
mingle with the members and friends of the track of all available men, and placing mili-
Alcott family; and he valued this rare good tary finance under a budget system. The
fortune, even though he was too young to
effect of such a system, and its compatibility
know just how good it was. Sufficiently im- with American ideals, is not seriously dis-
pressed was he, even as a light-hearted boy, cussed. Indeed, these are questions which may
by the appearance and the utterances of men quite properly be excluded from a book of
and women like Alcott and Emerson and this character, which is concerned solely with
,
Thoreau, Mrs. Alcott and Margaret Fuller, to the military factors of the case. But, though
be able many years later to recall those im- excluded from the book, they cannot be
pressions and some of those utterances. Of ignored in life. The adoption of the reforms
such, therefore, is the substance of the book, here advocated would mean a change in the
a precious fragment of the designed but never American point of view. This point of view
completed larger autobiographic volume we may now be wrong,-- indeed, this book con-
should like to have had from Dr. Willis's pen. tends in effect that it is. But when the objec-
He died nearly two years ago at the age of tion to our former ideals comes from military
eighty-four, with more of varied experience circles, and when our life and system are to
and of association with noted men and women be transformed to meet conditions determined
to look back upon than falls to the lot of many. by men with the martial point of view, we
,
In its unstudied, frank, and intimate way, his cannot ignore the fact that it represents a
recollection of the Concord celebrities who genuine change in our conceptions of the rela-
helped to mould his character at the impres- tion of the military to the civil power, and of
sionable period of his life is a pleasing aid to the functions of the latter in our institutions.
our visualization of those celebrities.
When national defence becomes the pivot on
which our national life turns, we shall have
Of the numerous books on Amer- something fundamentally different; and this
A compendium
ican “preparedness," Mr. Fred- is a circumstance that we cannot afford to
eric Huidekoper's “ The Military ignore.
Unpreparedness of the United States” (Mac-
millan) is the most ambitious and, as it seems
Shortly after the termination
to us, the best. It is a massive volume, chiefly biography of of the active career of Joseph
devoted to the military history and policy of
Joe Chamberlain.
Chamberlain, ten years ago,
the United States. The portion dealing with there was added to the growing list of biogra-
the subject up to 1862 is a recasting of Upton's phies of the statesman an interesting and well
well known book, the portion since that date is informed study by Mr. Alexander Mackintosh.
original. The whole is abundantly buttressed A revised and enlarged edition of Mr. Mack-
with tables, references, and notes, and repre- intosh's book, under the title “Joseph Cham-
sents a tremendous amount of labor. The berlain: An Honest Biography” (Hodder &
author's purpose is to urge the need of greater Stoughton), has lately appeared. Biographies
land forces. Five chapters are given to the of Chamberlain fall into three groups.
The
lessons of our wars, and some of the conclu- first consists of those in which, despite its
sions are that the regular army has always apparent glaring incongruities, the career of
been too small, never properly organized, and the man is depicted as being fundamentally
for American
militarists.
An“ honest”
а
>


218
March 2
THE DIAL
66
consistent. The second consists of those in vine purpose very well in this kind of a man,
which the virtue (if it be one) of consistency a man that does not even know how to
is entirely denied and the man is represented treat a tradesman, and who will thank a
as a politician of life-long ambition who porter for doing what he is paid to do.” And
having failed in one course recklessly tried of himself, his chief theme, he says: “I take
another. The third group is represented by my life as I find it, and live it to myself as
Mr. Mackintosh's book, wherein it is shown everyone does. As I am a priest, I never give
that “the changes in Mr. Chamberlain's case anything away; it is a natural law of my
were unusually numerous and violent, that nature not to give, but always to receive."
they affected nearly every great secular sub- Then he amusingly relates with ostensible
ject discussed in his time, and that they frankness an incident illustrating his own
occurred not only in the judgments of his alleged stinginess. Again, in characteristic
youth, but in those of his mature and ripe vein, he writes: “It is much better, I have
manhood; but wherein, also, the writer, in- found, to love a chair than to love a person;
stead of pronouncing a verdict upon the
there is often more of God in a chair." The
motives involved, undertakes simply to 'pre- fiction of his priesthood is humorously main-
sent the whole case to the jury.' Having tained through the book. "Avoid the good
watched Mr. Chamberlain from the gallery of ones,” he counsels little children, near the
the House of Commons for a full quarter- close of his soliloquy," and go and dance with
century, and having made a diligent study of those that take and eat honestly the lion's
his subject, the author should have been in a share. We know that Lion; there is some-
position to submit the facts both accurately thing honest and open about him; the immor-
and fully. And it must be said that, on the tal laughters surround him as he gambols and
whole, he has lived up to his opportunity. frolics in new-mown hay.” Truly, a satirist
Praise is accorded here and censure there, but and humorist of a different kidney from the
most of the time the narrative flows unob- ordinary sort is this companionable hermit.
structed by the intrusion of personal opinion. There is many a chuckle in his little book.
Appended to the biography proper is a col- (New York: G. Arnold Shaw.)
lection of the statesman's more noteworthy
expressions of opinion on political matters,
Counted by centuries, the his-
Popularizing
arranged in parallel columns so that the reader English
tory of English law is a long
legal history.
may observe at a glance the contrasts which
Only special students of
appear in utterances of different dates. It the subject are familiar with the story of how,
may be presumed that the pronouncements of out of beginnings crude and fortuitous, there
most political leaders who have been long be- emerged after a thousand years the pres-
fore the public could be culled with results ent status of acts, principles, and procedure
also more or less startling. And no judgment which combine to make up the British consti-
concerning the honesty, or even the con- tution. An account of these legal institutions
sistency, of any person should be arrived at has usually been regarded as attractive only
from the contemplation of disjointed data of to that rare student of the law who would
this character. If utilized in close conjunc enrich his professional training by a knowl-
tion with his text, Mr. Mackintosh's exhibit of edge of the complex historical processes which
“ Chamberlainiana" is useful; otherwise it is
created it. The ever-widening reach of the
misleading
curriculum, however, might very reasonably
admit an introduction to a side of national
Baffling at first, and somewhat development so interesting and fundamental
The whimsical
so to the end, is the whimsical as the evolution of English law and judica-
man of moods.
monologue entitled “ The Solilo- ture. The absence of convenient aids for the
quy of a Hermit," by Mr. Theodore Francis purpose has doubtless been a leading obstacle
Powys. Not exactly a hermit does he show to such instructors of English history and
himself to be, after all, for he walks and talks politics as were disposed to supplement their
with his fellow-men and manifests a lively course-requirements with knowledge of a legis-
interest in the world about him. Better lative character. Professor James F. Colby,
might he have called his book “The Soliloquy of the Dartmouth College law school, has
of a Satirist,” since satire of a delightful sort helped to supply the gap by the publication
crops out on almost every page. Of a cer- of "A Sketch of English Legal History
tain Mr. Thomas (though that is not his real (Putnam). He has brought together a series
name) who inhabits a red house in the village of articles on the history of English law con-
of Blank, the author writes: “I cannot say tributed a few years since to Traill's “Social
that I think that God has expressed His di- England" by those well known authorities,
one.
monologue of a


1916)
219
THE DIAL
as the source
Frederic W. Maitland and Francis C. Mon- satisfactory character of the means of trans-
tague. The editor has supplemented many portation and of entertainment in such regions
pages of the text with footnotes, consisting as have any considerable population. In the
for the most part of carefully selected ex- next place, he describes the economic develop-
cerpts from the more elaborate works of ment which is in progress in great districts
Pollock and Maitland and of Professor Ed-eastward from the White Sea to north-central
ward Jenks. The text itself is written in Siberia — the opening of oil-fields, the exten-
language sufficiently clear and untechnical to sion of the lumber industry, the building of
interest the general reader and the student of railroads, and the growth of trade. And,
English history. It presents the continuity of finally, he pictures, with moderation yet with
English legal development from the Saxon earnestness, the future settlement and utiliza-
“Dooms” of Ethelbert, Ine, and Alfred to tion of vast territories which the world gener-
the Insurance Act of 1911. The first three ally supposes to be altogether ill-adapted to
chapters consider the genesis of the earliest the support of a substantial civilization.
Saxon codes, the Norman adaptation of these Among existing cities and towns whose ap-
and their conversion from the vernacular pearance and life are described with some full-
into the Latin language; certain borrowings ness are Archangel, Solovetz, Veliki Ustjug
from the canon law of the church, the origin (“the Florence of the north”), Perm, Eka-
of trial by jury in the Frankish missi, and the terinburg, and Omsk. Dealing as it does only
foundation of the common law by the king's with the Russian “far north,” the volume sup-
judges, beginning with Henry II. The rest of plements in a useful manner the various books
the narrative embraces an account of the de- of Russian travel in which attention is given
velopment of statutory forms, of the lawyer almost exclusively to other portions of the
class, and judicial procedure. Few books give Muscovite dominion. The illustrations, from
so forceful an impression of the real character photographs by the author, are many and
of the English people. Their lack of idealism excellent.
in things legal appears from their practical
satisfaction with what is customary. Never-
Several well written and sugges-
Colonization
theless, English law with the lapse of time has
tive but loosely related essays
of war.
evolved wonderfully beneficent changes. It has
make up the first part of Mr.
preferred not to expedite its career through Walter Lippmann's
Walter Lippmann's "The Stakes of Diplo-
the light of theory, or to borrow freely from macy” (Holt). The core of the book, however,
sources foreign to its own experience. Pro- consists of the second part, in which are dis-
fessor Colby has distinctly served the needs of cussed the causes of strife between nations
education by the publication of these valuable and the remedies therefor. With convincing
articles in a single volume, together with his skill it is pointed out that trouble between
own useful selection of supplementary notes, nations usually arises in the backward parts
chapter-references for further reading, and of the earth, where the powers are competing
appendices containing the laws of Ethelbert for advantage. These parts are designated as
and extracts from various sources and com-
arenas of conflict." Conflicts in this field are
mentaries.
often not susceptible of arbitration because
they involve a nation's prestige; and no
Mr. Alan Lethbridge's “The
“ The nation will consent to a diminution of its posi-
New Russia, from the White Sea tion by anything short of force, if for no other
to the Siberian Steppe" (Dut- reason than that any concession would weaken
ton) is an unadorned recital of occurrences its chances, when the next difference arises.
and observations incident to an extended jour. Mr. Lippmann proposes joint control by the
ney, in 1914, through the great northern powers of these arenas of conflict. A basis for
stretches of European and Asiatic Russia. If this suggestion he finds in the arrangements
made for the Congo in 1885, and in the Alge-
writing the book, it must have been that of ciras Conference in 1905. He would have the
disabusing his readers' minds of commonly conferences which settle international ques-
prevailing notions concerning the forbidding tions as they arise continue as international
features of this little-visited section of the commissions to control the execution of such
world. In the first place, he describes in detail conventions as are agreed upon. Thus, there
the preparations made by himself and his wife would in due time be a number of international
for the contemplated journey, and gives prac-commissions, each charged with some interna-
tical advice to the prospective traveller, laying tional problem. Though no doubt a fruit of
much emphasis upon the kindliness of the peo- Mr. Lippmann's independent thinking, his
ple who will be encountered and the generally proposal is by no means a new one. It is noth-
>
A traveller in
Northern Russia.


220
(March 2
THE DIAL
-
66
the insect
world.
ing other than the Zweckverband which Alfred of his extensive and critical observations, and
Fried of Vienna has been urging these past make us re-examine our glib explanations of
twenty years. Indeed, the proposal has been these extraordinary phenomena, it is doubtful
an actual fact for some decades in the Danube if this suggestion of a mysterious unknown
River Commission; and the principle was ap- sense will bear the test of modern physiologi-
plied in the joint administration of Crete and cal experimentation. This volume will be of
.
Samoa, in the control of the Ottoman Debt, particular interest to American readers be-
and - as noted by the author - in the Congo, cause of the more recent investigations of Dr.
not to mention other instances. The value of and Mrs. Peckham on the American hunting
Mr. Lippmann's book lies not in its originality, wasps. The subject is itself full of novelty
but in its popularization and advocacy of the and unfailing interest, and is of fundamental
soundest method so far discovered for stopping scientific importance as illustrating one of the
war at its chief source.
most highly specialized and complicated series
of instincts thus far observed. In the hands
The first volume of the now
Huntresses of
of this master observer, these are revealed to
famous Souvenirs Entomolo- the reader in simple yet remarkably accurate
giques" forms the fifth one in fashion, with loving enthusiasm and the zest
the series of translations by Mr. Alexander of conquest, and with a dramatic power un-
Teixiera de Mattos of the works of the illus-rivalled in the literature of natural history.
trious French naturalist, Henri Fabre.
appears under the title, “The Hunting
The essence of the lectures on
Wasps ” (Dodd, Mead & Co.), and it includes Outlines of Belgian history delivered last
Belgian history.
an account of Fabre's observations on the
winter at the University of Chi-
remarkable habits and instincts of those soli- cago by M. Léon Van der Essen, visiting pro-
tary wasps whose larvæ are hidden in bur- fessor from Louvain, is now made available
rows in the earth, and whose larder the to a wider public in the “Short History of
mother stocks with insects, with rare beetles Belgium” (University of Chicago Press). In
of a particular species, with crickets, grass- no sense a war book," it traces the story of
hoppers, or with caterpillars. Each species the provinces which form the modern state of
of wasp selects a particular kind of prey, Belgium from the time when Cæsar declared
which it prepares for underground storage by that the Belga were the bravest of all the
paralyzing each victim upon capture by sting. Gauls to the death of Leopold II (57 B.C.-
ing it in the appropriate nerve centres. The 1910 A.D.). In his preface the author states
helpless captive is thus unable to resist the his belief that a knowledge of the past history
forays of the delicate larva or to do violence of his country may help to a clearer under-
to it. Fabre's ingenious experiments demon- standing of "why the Belgian nation of today
strate that this habit rests upon a series of took the stand it has taken in the great war
complicated instincts, coming into function in and preferred honor in place of dishonor, and
a more or less rigid sequence, which the parent struggle for freedom in place of ease.”
faithfully continues to the end although the concludes with the hope that the reader may
experimenter's interference has visibly robbed find historical support for the belief dear to
the operation of all value. Instinct thus Belgian hearts to-day: Belgians never can be
knows everything in the undeviating paths slaves. “The national culture of Belgium is
marked out for it; it knows nothing outside a synthesis, if I may so call it, where one finds
those paths. The book includes a discussion the genius of two races the Romance and
of the modern or evolutionary theory of in- the Germanic -- mingled, yet modified by the
stinct, which the author's observations do not imprint of the distinctively Belgian. It is in
lead him to support. With keen rapier that very receptivity - the fact that it has
thrusts, he finds the weak spots in the elder absorbed and unified the best elements of
Darwin's observations on these insects, and Latin and Teutonic civilization -- that the
with relentless argument and array of facts originality of the Belgian national culture
he undermines Darwin's argument for the resides.”' Belonging thus by race to two
origin of the reasoning faculty from such nationalities, the whole history of Belgium
fixed instincts. The author also pleads at has been a struggle for independence: first
length for the existence of an unknown sixth that of the communes to win recognition of
sense, beyond human experience, to explain their rights from feudal lords; that of Lotha-
some of the unerring and remarkable percep- ringia to free itself from Germany; and that
tions of these wasps. While his criticisms of of Flanders to shake off the fetters of France.
the evolutionary significance of the provision- United in the fifteenth century under the
ing instinct may well give us pause, in view | dukes of Burgundy, these provinces had still
a
.


1916)
221
THE DIAL
>
dress.
-
to struggle against the Spanish, the Austrian, unorthodoxy, naughtiness, and many others
the French, and finally the Dutch rule, and equally inviting. It is a book for the odd
won recognition as an independent and per- moments of leisure, not for continuous reading.
petually neutral state in 1830. A single epi-
sode must suffice to show the temper of the
Probably Martin Luther comes
Luther's works
people. In the twelfth century the Count of
in English nearer than any of his country-
Hainaut, a loyal partisan of Emperor Fred-
men to being the typical Ger-
erick Barbarossa, maintained that his first man. It was his ambition and his pride to be
duty was to his county. In a war between
and to speak “deutsch." He seems to have
Germany and France he declared that “ he had a keen sense of the primitive meaning of
was not obliged to put his fortresses in the
this word, which is, “of the people," "ver-
hands of the imperial troops and to grant nacular.” That he was so thoroughly German
them passage through his territory, as that
does not make it more difficult to interpret him
would bring devastation to his country. His
to the English world, since the two stocks and
country being located between Germany and languages are so closely kin. Considering the
France, he ought to remain neutral during persistent vitality of so much of Luther's mes-
this war.” We are irresistibly reminded of sage to the world,- even to the modern world,
Verhaeren's verses, -
it is a cause of congratulation that a group
“ Je suis le fils de cette race
of Lutheran scholars have undertaken to pre-
Tenace,
sent a large portion of the reformer's work to
Qui veut, après avoir voulu
the English public. There are to be ten vol-
Encore, encore et encore plus."
umes, of approximately four hundred pages
each; and it would seem that this is none too
Although three of its pages are
little space for the well informed general
Leaders from devoted to “ Books in War- reader to give on his shelves to so significant a
“ The Times."
Time," the collection of "Mod force in the world's development. The two
ern Essays” (Longmans) reprinted from the volumes already issued extend only to the year
editorial columns of the London " Times” is 1522, and include, therefore, theological essays
agreeably and intentionally free from matter chiefly; although not a few of these, such as
of only ephemeral significance. As Professor the famous Address to the German Nobility,
J. W. Mackail says in introducing the book, touch problems of life and society that are still
“the 'third leaders' in The Times of which vital. Luther was a splendid heretic socially
this volume is a selection are meant .. to turn as well as religiously, and his utterances on
the reader from affairs and interests of the profit-taking (Wucher) and commerce, on the
moment to a consideration of man, of nature, duties of rulers, on the rights of citizens,
and of human life' in their larger, more per though often biased by a peculiar clerical
manent aspect." Like the essays of the myopia, will give the upholders of the estab-
Spectator," "Tatler," "Rambler," and their
*
Rambler," and their lished order little satisfaction. Rather let it
kind, these later bits of daily observation and be said that advocates of some of the most
reflection are made to measure and according promising reforms of our day in the direction
to a pre-arranged plan, maintaining a remarks of true Christianity will find his writings a
able similarity of style and structure under a rich armory of offence and defence. The
diversity of authorship. Occasional classical translators have done work worthy of their
allusions or quotations betray, most wel subject, as have also the publishers - Messrs.
comely, the university man behind the pen.
A. J. Holman & Co. of Philadelphia.
Many of England's famous authors have
served an apprenticeship, after leaving Ox-
ford or Cambridge, on one or another of the
BRIEFER MENTION.
great London journals, to the advantage of
Up to the present, Middle English literature,
all concerned. Thus it is not improbable that used as a corpus vile for linguistic dissection, has
many or perhaps most of these well-written not taken its rightful place either in our college
leaders are the work of promising young uni- curricula or in the estimation of the general culti-
ve ity men of whom the world will hear vated reader. To assist in breaking down our prej-
more in the future and in less anonymous udices and removing the difficulties of language,
fashion. To tempt the reader, let a few Professor Cook has prepared a “ Literary Middle
headings from the book's contents be here dis-
English Reader” (Ginn). Here for the first time
we have a splendidly comprehensive collection of
played. The essays treat of such themes as
the actual texts without learned apparatus, save
curiosity, ugliness, paradox, charlatans, prig- brief introductions and foot-note glossaries. Here
gishness, childishness, grumbling, the Latin one with ordinary intelligence may read pre-Eliza-
genius, practical jokes, philosophy and poetry, l bethan texts primarily for enjoyment. This book
6
6


222
(March 2
THE DIAL
6
66 The
should do much to bring our students to an enthu-
NOTES.
siastic appreciation of much in earlier English
literature.
Mr. William Locke's new novel, Vivette,"
." is
In a pamphlet of sixty-six pages,“ reprinted for
announced for March publication by the John
Lane Co.
private distribution from Papers of the Biblio-
graphical Society of America, Volume IX, Nos. A new thin-paper edition in fifteen volumes of
3-4,” Mr. George Watson Cole presents some inter- the works of Tourgueniéff is promised by Messrs.
esting facts about “ Book-Collectors as Benefactors
Macmillan.
of Public Libraries.” Both voluntarily, either in “ The Man of Promise" is the title of a forth-
their lifetime or after their death, and involun- coming novel by Mr. Willard Huntington Wright,
tarily, when their possessions have passed beyond to be published by the John Lane Co.
their control, collectors have been the means of
Sir Rabindranath Tagore has written his auto-
preserving for public use thousands of rare and biography, which is now appearing serially in the
valuable books that would otherwise have been
monthly “Modern Review” of Calcutta.
lost to the world. Many instances of such benefac-
tion are cited by Mr. Cole, and he adds much re-
A volume of Russian stories by Vladimir Koro-
lated matter concerning the history of books and
lenko has been translated by Miss Marian Fell and
printing and collecting. Portraits of famous book- will be issued by Messrs. Duffield under the title of
collectors are inserted, and a convenient syllabus
“Makar's Dream."
of the entire treatise is appended.
A biography of the late Charles Frohman has
The papers read before the Aristotelian Society been prepared by his business associate and friend,
during the thirty-sixth session, 1914-5, have been Mr. John D. Williams, and will be issued under
gathered into a volume which is issued by Messrs. the title of “ C. F."
Williams & Norgate of London. Following the ini- The Swedish thinker, Ellen Key, has written a
tial essay on “ Science and Philosophy” by Dr book on “War, Peace, and the Future,” which is
Bernard Bosanquet are several papers by members soon to appear in an English translation made by
of the Society on related subjects. They include: Mrs. Hildegard Norberg.
“Notes on Berkeley's Doctrine," by Professor C. Professor Charles Seymour's study of “ The
Lloyd Morgan; Conflicting Social Obligations,” Diplomatic Background of the War: Germany and
by Mr. G. Đ. H. Cole; “ The · Æsthetic' of Bene-
Europe, 1870-1914” is promised for April issue
detto Croce," by Mr. Albert A. Cock;
by the Yale University Press.
Philosophy of Values,” by Dr. Tudor Jones; “ Phe-
nomenalism,” by Mr. C. D. Broad; “Mr. Russell's
“ Our Early Wild Flowers,” a little volume by
Miss Harriet L. Keeler describing all the spring
Theory of Judgment,” by Professor G. F. Stout;
The Philosophy of Maine de Biran," by Professor
wild flowers of the northern states, will be issued
Arthur Robinson ; " Complexity and Synthesis," immediately by Messrs. Scribner.
“ "
by Mrs. Adrian Stephen; and “Some Theories of “Antwerp to Gallipoli: A Year of War on
Knowledge," by Dr. F. Aveling.
Many Fronts - and behind Them " is the title of
The Universal Pronouncing Dictionary of
Mr. Arthur Ruhl's record of his war experiences,
Biography and Mythology” (Lippincott), edited
which Messrs. Scribner announce.
by Dr. Joseph Thomas, has now after twenty years An English translation of “The Woman Who
of usefulness passed into a fourth edition. Its Killed," a new novel by M. Jules Bois about which
merits as a standard work of reference have long our Paris correspondent had something to say re-
been recognized. The publishers announce that it cently, is promised for spring publication by
has been thoroughly revised; yet tested in the field Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co.
of modern literature the following curiosities, The lectures on The Presidency: Its Powers,
among many others, have been disclosed: Booth
Duties, Responsibilities, and Limitations," deliv-
Tarkington (American) is represented as having ered at Columbia University during the winter by
written nothing later than 1909; John Galsworthy
ex-President Taft, will be published shortly by the
(English), no mention; H. G. Wells (English), a Columbia University Press.
list of his novels up to 1908 " and many others,"
“ The Book of the Popes (Liber Pontificalis),"
together with the misleading statement that his
translated and edited by Dr. Louise R. Loomis,
novels are highly imaginative in character; Selma
Lagerlöf (Swedish), inadequate mention and name
promised for early issue by the Columbia Uni-
misspelled; Herman Sudermann (German), men-
versity Press, will form the second volume in the
tion of one work only, a drama, followed by the series, “ Records of Civilization."
worthless, space-filling tag (dear to every reviser or
In Professor Kuno Francke's “ The German
hack writer of encyclopædias) “his novels were
Spirit,” which Messrs. Holt announce, the author
widely read ”; Romain Rolland (French), Emile
endeavors to present a view of contemporary Ger-
Verhaeren (Belgian), Anton Tchekhoff (Russian),
many which may help Americans to understand
no mention. Let us hope we have stumbled upon the
German achievements and aspirations.
weakest link in the chain. In fact, we are con- A new book by Mr. G. Lowes Dickinson will
vinced that we have, upon turning to the brief but shortly be published under the title, The Euro-
thoroughly adequate account of President Wilson, pean Anarchy.” In it the author discusses the
which even includes a reference to his policies of underlying causes of the war and the possibilities
“watchful waiting" and "strict neutrality."
"
of a movement toward better things in the future,
6


1916)
223
THE DIAL
*
A two-volume translation of Treitschke's “ Poli- Altai Mountains - when the first news of the war
tics will shortly be issued by the Macmillan Co. reached him, having journeyed thence from the
The Right Honorable Arthur James Balfour has Caucasus by way of the Caspian Sea, Bokhara,
prepared an Introduction to this important work, and the Persian frontier, and the borderland
which will contribute to an understanding of Ger- between Mongolia and Siberia.
man philosophy and the German attitude of mind.
The new volume of Mr. Bernard Shaw's plays,
The official biography of William McKinley, / to be issued shortly, will contain "Androcles and
prepared by Mr. Charles S. Olcott, is one of the the Lion," “ Overruled,” and “ Pygmalion." Fol-
interesting spring announcements of Messrs. lowing his usual practice, Mr. Shaw has supplied
Houghton Mifflin Co. The volume presents a com- to this volume a preface occupying over a hun-
plete record of the late president's achievements, dred pages, which is entitled “Why Not Give
and gives an intimate view of his private and offi- Christianity a Trial?" "Pygmalion” is printed
cial life.
with a sequel, in which the author, changing the
Two volumes of letters and reminiscences of
dramatic form to that of ordinary prose narrative,
Alfred Russel Wallace, by Mr. James Marchant, continues the history of the persons of the drama.
are to be published during the spring. The author “ Vision and Vesture: A Study of William
knew Wallace personally, and bases his work on Blake in Modern Thought," by Mr. Charles Gard-
the intimate recollections of his family and friends, ner, is announced for spring issue. It discusses
as well as upon a mass of unpublished corre- the question whether modern thought is inspired
spondence.
by Blake's teaching, or whether Blake was so much
“Cicero: A Sketch of His Life and Works,” by
ahead of his time that he surpassed at one leap
Mr. Hannis Taylor, will be one of the spring pub-
“the false dilemmas of the nineteenth century and
lications of Messrs. McClurg. The work consists began at those conclusions which are our new
in the main of a commentary on the Roman Con- beginning in the twentieth.” In this connection
stitution and Roman public life, supplemented by
the author considers Ibsen, Nietzsche, Strindberg,
the sayings of Cicero, arranged for the first time
and other thinkers who have been directly influ-
as an anthology.
enced by Blake, and the lessons which he teaches
for the world of to-day.
“ War and Society," by Professor Edward B.
Krehbiel, will soon be ready for publication. The The Ontario Library Association's annual book-
volume is designed as an introduction to the
list ("A Selected List of Books ") for 1915 is in
study of the whole anti-war movement, and is for
two parts, though each part covers the whole liter-
the use of college classes, international polity clubs,
ary field as mapped out by Mr. Dewey. Part one
peace study clubs, women's clubs, and all who wish
is sub-titled, “ Selections from the Books of 1915,"
to familiarize themselves with the subject.
but part two calls itself “ Selections from the
Books of the First Half of 1915.” A hasty exam-
In “A Wiltshire Parson and His Friends,"
ination leads one to infer that neither section con-
which Messrs. Houghton will soon publish, Mr.
Garland Greever has brought together a large these doubtless being reserved for future treatment.
cerns itself with the later publications .of 1915,
body of unpublished correspondence between Cole-
Small libraries especially will find these lists use-
ridge and the poet Bowles and other well known
ful. They are issued by the Department of Educa-
characters of the time. The book promises to be
tion of the Province of Ontario,
one of the most important literary contributions
of the season.
Dr. James Mercer Garnett, former president of
St. John's College, Annapolis, Md., and an occa-
Among the topics discussed in Mr. H. G. Wells's
sional contributor to THE DIAL for the past ten
forthcoming volume entitled " What Is Coming :
years or more, died at his home in Baltimore
A Forecast of Things after the War,” are the pos-
on February 18. He was born at Aldie, Va., in
sibilities of a World State; “Will Peace be Per-
1840, and was graduated from the University of
manent?"; “ How will mankind stand towards Virginia. Dr. Garnett served with the Confed-
each other?”; “What will be the position of
erate army during the Civil War, part of the time
female suffrage?"; and “ Will the British Empire
as a captain of artillery. During 1869-70, he stud-
remain intact?"
ied in Berlin and Leipsic, and in 1870 was ap-
A variorum edition (the first to be attempted) of pointed president of St. John's, which post he
Shakespeare's Sonnets has been made by Mr. Ray- occupied for ten years. Following this, he taught
mond Macdonald Alden, and will appear next at the University of Virginia and the Woman's
month with the Houghton Mifflin Co.'s imprint. College in Baltimore. He was a former President
The text of the quarto of 1609 is printed verbatim of the American Philological Association and also
et literatim, and each sonnet is followed by the of the Dialect Society, and Vice President of the
variant readings of the most authoritative editions Modern Language Association.
and by interpretive notes from the leading com-
Two important contributions to the literature of
mentators. À full bibliography will be included.
mysticism are soon to appear with the Dent-
The expansion of the Russian Empire and after- Dutton imprint. “ The Book of St. Bernard on
the-war problems will be discussed in Mr. Stephen the Love of God” has been edited and translated
Graham's new book announced under the title, by Dr. Edmund G. Gardner, who also includes the
“ Through Russian Central Asia." Mr. Graham Latin text, an introduction on the doctrine of
was in the heart of Asiatic Russia — among the love in mediæval mysticism, and critical and ex-


224
(March 2
THE DIAL
planatory notes. The translation is the first into
English of one of the earliest works of St. Ber-
nard, written before the political and religious
controversies of his later years. The other book
is a collection of the fourteenth century mystical
works of Jan Van Ruysbroek, translated from the
original Flemish by C. A. Wynschenk Dom. Only
one of Ruysbroek's works has hitherto been ren-
dered into English. The forthcoming volume will
contain “ The Adornment of the Spiritual Mar-
riage,” “The Book of Truth,” and “The Sparkling
Stone."
Mrs. Sarah Knowles Bolton, author of the
“ Famous Men and Women” series and numerous
other books that have attained wide popularity,
died at her home in Cleveland, Ohio, on February
21. She was born at Farmington, Conn., in 1841,
and was educated at the Pratt Street Seminary,
established by Catherine E. Beecher in 1823. Her
first published book, a collection of poems enti-
tled “Orlean Lamar," appeared in 1864. Some
thirty volumes, mainly biographical in character,
but including also poetry and fiction, have since
followed from her pen. From 1878 to 1881, Mrs.
Bolton was associate editor of “The Congrega-
tionalist"; and the following two years she spent
in Europe, studying the higher education of women
and social service movements. She was an active
and devoted worker in the temperance cause. From
1907 until her death she served as Vice President
of the American Humane Education Society. Mrs.
Bolton's surviving son, Mr. Charles Knowles Bol-
ton, is librarian of the Boston Athenæum.
Kurds, Character of the. Y. B. Mirza
Rev. of Revs.
Latin America, Strengthening of. C. H. Sherrill No. Amer.
" Legion, The," A Soldier of. E. Morlae
Atlantic
Legislation, Principles of.
Ernst Freund', 'Am. Pol. Sc.
Life the Traveler. John Burroughs
No. Amer.
Luxembourg, Children of the, Herbert A. Gibbons Century
“Merchant of Venice,” Workmanship of. Arthur
Quiller-Couch
No. Amer.
Mexican Border, Along the. Ernest Peixotto Scribner
Music for Children. Thomas W. Surette
Atlantic
National Founders' Association, The. Margaret L.
Stecker .
Quar. Jour. Econ.
Navy, Needs of Our, Arthur H. Pollen
No. Amer.
Nutrients, Mineral, in Diet. E. B. Forbes
Scientific
Plant Distribution in California. D. H. Campbell Scientific
Porcelains, Chinese. Dana H. Carroll
Scribner
Preparedness, Wilson and. George Harvey No. Amer.
Prison Problem, Our. Charles S. Whitman
Century
Prohibition: Is It American? L. Ames Brown No. Amer.
Protection of American Citizens. D. J. Hill No. Amer.
Proteins in Growth. Ruth Wheeler
Scientific
Puppet-Plays for Children. Inis Weed
Century
Railroad Rate-Making. M. O. Lorenz Quar. Jour. Econ.
Railways, Joint Costs and. Lewis H. Haney Quar. Jour. Econ.
Republican Candidates. George Harvey
No. Amer.
Scientific Management. C. B. Thompson Quar. Jour. Econ.
Serbian People in War Time. Stanley Naylor Scribner
Smokies, The, of North Carolina. Henry S. Canby Harper
Sothern, Edward H., “Remembrances of.
Scribner
South America and Investments. Percival Far-
quhar
No. Amer.
State Boards of Health. W. G. Dubach
Am. Pol. Sc.
Switzerland, A Yankee in. Albert B. Paine
Harper
Trade Abroad, The Problem of. Louis D. Froelick Everybody's
Turkey's Call to America. G. F. Herrick Rev. of Revs.
Vermont, Spirit of. John M. Thomas
No. Amer.
Vitamines, Chemical Nature of. Carl voegtlin Scientific
War: Britain and Germany's Duel. J. R. Smith Century
War, Malthusian Doctrine and. E. W. James Scientific
Wealth, The New. Walter E. Weyl
.
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
March, 1916.
Aeroplanes, Modern. Waldemar Kaempffert Rev. of Reve.
Amalgamated Copper Co., The. F. E. Richter Quar. Jour. Econ.
America, The New. Sydney Brooks
No. Amer.
Americanism. Agnes Repplier .
Atlantic
Antiquity of Man, The. Clark Wissler
Scientific
Appalachia, Farming in. J. R. Smith
Rev. of Revs.
Army Medical Department, The. A. G. Grinnell Rev. of Revs.
Belgian Wilderness, The. Vernon L. Kellogg Atlantic
Bird Refuges of Louisiana. Theodore Roosevelt Scribner
Boytime, Working in. Carl I. Henrikson Everybody's
Breeding: The Master Instinct. John Burroughs Harper
Brownings, Unpublished Papers of the
Harper
Bureau of Standards of the United States. H. T.
Wade
Rev. of Revs.
Burns of the Mountains. Emerson Hough
American
Burton, Senator, Miracle Memory of. James Hay, Jr. American
Business after the War, Ray Morris
Atlantic
Business and Prosperity. Albert W. Atwood American
Campaigns as Spring Opens. F. H. Simonds Rev. of Revs.
Capitalism and Social Discontent. J. L. Laughlin No. Amer.
Change, The Still Small Voice of. John Burroughs Atlantic
Changsha and the Chinese. Alfred Reed
Scientific
China's Forests, Restoring. T. H. Simpson Rev. of Revs.
Christ, The Syrian. Abraham M. Rihbany
Atlantic
Civilization, Our Drifting.L. P. Jacks
Atlantic
Colds, Prevention and Cure of. W. J. Cromie American
Constitution of New York. G. G. Benjamin Am. Pol. Sc.
Criticism, Caste in. Harvey O'Higgins
Century
Currency and War. A. C. Whitaker Quar. Jour. Econ.
Democracy, Problems of. Seymour Deming®
Everybody's
Food Selection. C. F. Langworthy
Scientific
Goethe: A Forsaken God. Henry D. Sedgwick Atlantic
Hambantotta in Ceylon. C. William Beebe
Atlantic
Hungarian and Norwegian Art. J. Nilsen Laurvik Century
Indiana. George Ade
American
Industrial Research in America. R. F. Bacon Scientific
Infinite Processes, Numbers and. Arnold Emch Scientific
Interest, Neglected Factors in. F. H. Knight Quar. Jour. Econ.
International Disputes. J. S. Reeves
Am. Pol. Sc.
Japanese Menace, The, Thomas F. Millard
Century
Job, Getting and Holding a. Hugh S. Fullerton American
Kitchener's Mob. James Norman Hall
Atlantic
Harper
Woman and Religion. Bernard I. Bell
Atlantic
Work in the Northwest, Wonder of. Joseph Pennell Harper
Working-Man in War-Time, The. Harrison Smith Century
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
(The following list, containing 91 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.)
BIOGRAPHY AND HISTORY.
Notes of a Busy Life. By Joseph Benson Foraker.
In 2 volumes, illustrated, large 8vo. Stewart &
Kidd Co. $5.
The Century of the Renaissance. By Louis Batiffol;
translated from the French by Elsie Finnimore
Buckley, with introduction by John Edward
Courtenay Bodley. 8vo, 429 pages. “ National
History of France." G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2.50.
A Master Builder: Being the Life and Letters of
Henry Yates Satterlee, First Bishop of Washing-
ton. By Charles H. Brent. Illustrated, large
8vo, 477 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. $4.
A Thousand Years of Russian History. By Sonia E.
Howe. Illustrated in photogravure, etc., 8vo,
432 pages.
J. B. Lippincott Co. $2.50.
The Life of Saint Boniface. By Willibald; trans-
lated into English for the first time, with intro-
duction and notes, by George W. Robinson. 8vo,
114 pages. Harvard University Press.
The Harim and the Purdah: Studies of Oriental
Women. By Elizabeth Cooper, Illustrated, 8vo,
309 pages. Century Co. $3.
William Branch Giles: A Study in the Politics of
Virginia and the Nation from 1790 to 1830. By
Dice Robins Anderson, Ph.D. With portraits,
8vo, 271 pages. Menasha, Wis.: George Banta
Publishing Co. $1.50.
Francis Asbury: The Prophet of the Long Road.
By Ezra Squier Tipple. With portrait, 8vo, 333
pages. Methodist Book Concern. $1.50.
The Life of Andrew Jackson. By John Spencer
Bassett, Ph.D. New edition; illustrated, large
8vo, 766 pages. Macmillan Co. $2.50.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The Covent-Garden Journal, By Alexander Draw-
cansir (Henry Fielding). Edited by Gerard
Edward Jensen. In 2 volumes, with frontispieces,
Svo. Yale University Press. $5.
Imaginations and Reveries. By A. E. 12mo, 255
pages. Macmillan Co.
.


1916)
225
THE DIAL
1
The Romance of the Commonplace. By Gelett Bur.
gess. 12mo, 344 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.25.
Brown Waters, and Other Sketches. By W. H.
Blake. 12mo, 264 pages. Macmillan Co.
The Meeting of the Kings. By Khrimean Hairik,
the Katholikos of All Armenians. Armenian
text and English version by P. Tonapetean and
Laurence Binyon, with biographical sketch of
the author. With portrait, 8vo, 43 pages. Lon-
don: William Clowes & Son, Ltd. Paper.
Fishing with a Worm. By Bliss Perry.
12mo, 24
pages. Houghton Mifflin Co.
50 cts.
VERSE AND DRAMA.
The Spirit of Man: An Anthology in English and
French from the Philosophers and Poets. Made
by Robert Bridges, Poet Laureate. 16mo. Long-
mans, Green, & Co. $1.50.
The Tragedy of Nan, and Other Plays. By John
Masefield. 12mo, 114 pages. Macmillan Co.
$1.25.
Plays of the Natural and the Supernatural. By
Theodore Dreiser. 12mo, 228 pages. John Lane
Co. $1.25.
Russian Lyrics: Songs of Cossack, Lover, Patriot,
and Peasant. Done into English verse by Mar-
tha Gilbert Dickinson Bianchi. 12mo, 139 pages.
Duffield & Co.
A Mediæval Anthology: Being Lyrics and Other
Short Poems, Chiefly Religious. Collected and
modernized by Mary G. Segar. 12mo, 132 pages.
Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.
The Unchastened Woman: A Modern Comedy in
Three Acts. By Louis Kaufman Anspacher.
With portrait, 12mo, 276 pages. F. A. Stokes
Co. $1.25.
The Patriotic Poetry of William Wordsworth: A
Selection. By Arthur H. D. Acland. 18vo, 143
pages. Oxford University Press.
Melinda and Her Sisters: A Suffrage Play. By
Mrs. 0. H. P. Belmont and Elsa Maxwell; music
and lyrics by Elsa Maxwell. 12mo, 58 pages.
New York: Robert J. Shores. 50 cts.
$1.
FICTION.
The Belfry. By May Sinclair. 12mo, 322 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.35.
Mrs. Balfame. By Gertrude Atherton. 12mo, 335
pages. F. A. Stokes Co. $1.35.
John Bogardus. By George Agnew Chamberlain.
Illustrated, 12mo, 344 pages. Century Co. $1.35.
Those about Trench. By Edwin Herbert Lewis.
12mo, 326 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.35.
A Hero of Our Time. Translated from the Russian
of M. Y. Lermontov by J. H. Wisdom and Marr
Murray. 12mo, 335 pages. Alfred A. Knopf.
$1.40.
Twilight. By Frank Danby. 12mo, 369 pages.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.35.
The Abyss. By Nathan Kussy. 12mo, 508 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.50.
At the Door of the Gate, By Forrest Reid. 12mo,
332 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.35.
The Honey Pot. By the Countess Barcynska. With
frontispiece in color, 12mo, 324 pages. E. P.
Dutton & Co. $1.35.
Moby Lane and Thereabouts. By A. Neil Lyons.
12mo, 343 pages. John Lane Co. $1.25.
The Immortal Gymnasts. By Marie Cher. 12mo,
338 pages. George H. Doran Co. $1.25.
The Imprisoned Splendor, By Angela Morgan.
12mo, 280 pages. Published by the author. $1.35.
Emmeline. By Elsie Singmaster. Illustrated, 16mo,
165 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.
Blonnomy Cottage. By Montanye Perry. With
frontispiece, 12mo, 108 pages. Abingdon Press.
50 cts.
PUBLIC AFFAIRS.— POLITICS, SOCIOLOGY,
AND ECONOMICS.
Japanese Expansion and American Policies. By
James Francis Abbott, Ph.D. 12mo, 267 pages.
Macmillan Co. $1.50.
The Child in Human Progress. By George Henry
Payne; with foreword by A. Jacobi, LL.D.
Illustrated, 8vo, 400 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$2.50.
Holder of Rallroad Bonds and Notes: Their Rights
and Remedies. By Louis Heft. 12mo, 419 pages.
E. P. Dutton & Co. $2.
Principles and Methods of Administration. By
William Bennett Munro. 8vo, 491 pages. Mac-
millan Co.
Social Progress and the Darwinian Theory: A
Study of Force as a Factor in Human Relations.
By George Nasmyth, Ph.D.; with introduction by
Norman Angell. 12mo, 417 pages. G. P. Put-
nam's Sons. $1.50.
Law and Order in Industry: Five Years' Expe-
rience. By Julius Henry Cohen. 12mo, 292
pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
Journal of the National Institute of Social Sciences.
Volume I, No. 1. 8vo, 242 pages. Boston Book
Co.
The Colorado Industrial Plan. By John D. Rocke-
feller, Jr. 16mo, 94 pages. Published by the
author. Paper.
The Evolution of America: Recent Social and In-
dustrial Tendencies in the United States. By
Frank L. McVey. 12mo. University of North
Dakota: Reprinted from the “Quarterly Jour-
nal."
Paper.
BOOKS ABOUT THE GREAT WAR.
Towards a Lasting Settlement. By G. Lowes Dick-
inson and others; edited by Charles Roden Bux-
ton. 12mo, 216 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.
Ways to Lasting Peace. By David Starr Jordan.
12mo, 255 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co.
The Crimes of England. By Gilbert K. Chesterton.
12mo, 173 pages. John Lane Co. $1.
The Diplomacy of the Great War. By Arthur Bul-
lard. 12mo, 344 pages. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
Fear God and Take Your Own Part. By Theodore
Roosevelt. 8vo, 414 pages. George H. Doran
Co. $1.50.
The Path of Glory. By Anatole France; trans-
lated by Alfred Allinson. With photogravure
portrait, 8vo, 158 pages. John Lane Co. $1.50.
Great Russia: Her Achievement and Promise. By
Charles Sarolea, LL.D. 12mo, 252 pages. Alfred
A. Knopf. $1.25.
Revelations of an International Spy. By I. T. T.
Lincoln. Illustrated, 8vo, 323 pages. Robert
M. McBride & Co. $1.50.
A Frenchman's Thoughts on the War. By Paul
Sabatier; translated from the French by Ber-
nard Miall. 12mo, 164 pages. Charles Scribner's
Sons.
Roadside Glimpses of the Great War. By Arthur
Sweetser. Illustrated, 12mo, 272 pages. Mac-
millan Co. $1.25.
Rights and Duties of Neutrals: A Discussion of
Principles and Practices. By Daniel Chauncey
Brewer. 12mo, 260 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.25.
War Thoughts of an Optimist: A Collection of
Timely Articles by an American Citizen Residing
in Canada. By Benjamin Apthorp, Gould. 12mo,
200 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.
An Army of the People: The Constitution of an
Effective Force of Trained Citizens. By John
McAuley Palmer. 12mo, 158 pages. G. P. Put-
nam's Sons. $1.
ART AND ARCHITECTURE.
Impressions of the Art at the Panama-Pacific Ex-
position. By Christian Brinton. Illustrated in
color, etc., 4to, 203 pages. John Lane Co. $3.
The Philosophy of Painting: A Study of the Devel-
opment of the Art from Prehistoric to Modern
Times. By Ralcy Husted Bell. 8vo, 238 pages.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25.
Roma: Ancient, Subterranean, and Modern Rome
in Word and Picture. By Albert Kuhn; with
preface by Cardinal Gibbons. Part XIII. Illus-
trated, 4to. Benziger Brothers. Paper, 35 cts.
HEALTH AND HYGIENE.
The New Public Health. By Hlbbert Winslow Hill,
M.D. 12mo, 207 pages. Macmillan Co.
Psychology of Relaxation. By G. T. W. Patrick.
12mo, 280 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.25.
Why Be Fat? By Amelia Summerville. 12mo, 89
pages. F. A. Stokes Co. 80 cts.
Diet for Children. By Louise E. Hogan. 16mo,
160 pages.
Bobbs-Merrill Co. 75 cts.
BOOKS OF REFERENCE.
Carlosities in Proverbs: A Collection of Unusual
Adages, Maxims, Aphorisms, Phrases, and Other
Popular Dicta from Many Lands. Classified and
arranged by Dwight Edwards Marvin. 16mo,
428 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.75.
The Advertising Book, 1916. By Paul Terry Cher-
ington. 8vo, 604 pages. Doubleday, Page &
Co. $2.


226
(March 2
THE DIAL
Handbook of Athletic Games: For Players, In-
structors, and Spectators. By Jessie H. Ban-
croft and William Dean Pulvermacher, LL.B.
Illustrated, 16mo, 627 pages. Macmillan Co.
$1.50.
Pitman's Manual of Spanish Commercial Corre-
spondence. By G. R. Macdonald. 12mo, 328
pages. Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd. $1.35.
Twelfth Annual Report of the Library Board of the
Virginia State Library, 1914-1915. 8vo, 50 pages.
Richmond: Superintendent of Public Printing.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Real Story of the Whaler: Whaling, Past and
Present. By A. Hyatt Verrill. Illustrated, 8vo,
249 pages.
D. Appleton & Co. $2.
The Universe and the Atom. By Marion Erwin,
C.E. Illustrated, 12mo, 314 pages. D. Van Nos-
trand Co. $2.
The Story of the Submarine. By Farnham Bishop.
Illustrated, 12mo, 211 pages. Century Co. $1.
Robert of Chester's Latin Translation of the Al-
gebra of Al-Khowarizmi. With an introduc-
tion, critical notes, and an English version by
Louis Charles Karpinski. Large 8vo, 164 pages.
Macmillan Co. Paper.
The Efficient Secretary. By Ellen Lane Spencer.
12mo, 192 pages. F. A. Stokes Co. $1.
Our Summer in the Vale of Kashmir. By F. Ward
Denys. Illustrated in color, etc., large 8vo, 233
pages. Washington: James William Bryan
Press.
Everyman's Library. New volumes: The Life of
the (1st) Duke of Newcastle, and Other Writ-
ings, by Margaret Duchess; Edwin Drood and
Master Humphrey's Clock, by Charles Dickens,
with introduction by Gilbert K. Chesterton; The
Peace of Europe, The Fruits of Solitude, and
Other Writings, by William Penn; On the Scope
and Nature of University Education, by Car-
dinal John Henry Newman; Lady Inger of
Ostraat, Love's Comedy, and The League of
Youth, by Henrik Ibsen; Ursule Mirouet, by
Honoré de Balzac; Phantastes, a faërie romance,
by George Macdonald; Jackanapes, Daddy Dar-
win's Dovecot, and The Story of a Short Life, by
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Argonne, the retreat of the Allies in Serbia, the landing
of reinforcements at Salonika, from the eye-witness point
of view. All told in his most characteristic manner.
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a
By SHANE LESLIE
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to him naturally with his view of the great convulsion
which drew him at once into service at the front, is indi-
cated in his title. He felt with countless others that he
was living “at the end of a chapter in history."
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Present Days
By JEAN J. JUSSERAND, French Ambassador to the
United States.
This book, by the dean of the diplomatic corps, is a
volume dealing with intimate American subjects and the
relation of Frenchman to them. It is most fitting that
he should at this time write of the close affiliation of
the American and the French Republics.
In Press.
Antwerp to Gallipoli
A Year of War on Many Fronts —
and Behind Them
By ARTHUR RUHL
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Serbia, Turkey and Gallipoli, vividly told and with clear
understanding of differing points of view.
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Why War
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A significant sentence from this book:
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Wars are made
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privileged interests, by financiers, by commercial groups
seeking private profit in foreign lands.
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By JOHN C. VAN DYKE.
Professor Van Dyke continues his admirable series on
nature in this fit successor to “The Desert" and "The
Opal Sea.” It contains chapters on all the various aspects
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the author's wont-and peculiar distinction. Every page
of the text is penetrated with the grandeur and beauty
of the theme.
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Original Narratives of Early
American History
The Presidency
Its Duties, Its POWERS, ITS OPPORTUNITIES, ITS
LIMITATIONS
By WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT
The author presents in this little volume, besides
his clear and simple statement of the functions of the
President in all its aspects, a fund of information and
suggestion beyond the reach of any one who had not
himself occupied the office. An intensely, timely and
most important book.
$1.00 Net
Presidential Nominations and
Elections
By JOSEPH BUCKLIN BISHOP
This is a contribution of the greatest value to the
most dramatic part of the history of our politics---
that which makes the most direct appeal to every
citizen-the nomination and election of our Presidents.
The most interesting and memorable campaign car-
toons furnish the illustration of the book and provide
very comprehensive history of American political
caricature.
In Press.
A New Volume
SPANISH EXPLORATION IN THE SOUTHWEST
1542-1710
Edited by HERBERT E. BOLTON
This new volume of the Original Narratives of
Early American History Series tells the authoritative
story of the early Spanish explorations of California,
New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona, These narratives
have (with one or two exceptions) never before ap-
peared in English, being new translations by Professor
Bolton-in some cases of manuscripts discovered by
him.
Circular of the Series sent on request.
Illustrated with facsimiles. $3.00 Net
Father Damien
AN OPEN LETTER TO THE REVEREND DR. HYDE
OF HONOLULU
By ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON
50 cents Net
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Child Study and Child Training
By WILLIAM BYRON FORBUSH
President of the American Institute of Child Life
While directed definitely toward a wiser parenthood,
this book will be of the deepest interest to all who
care for the physical, mental, social, and moral better-
ment of children. It is a practical help for mothers
in their problems of home training and discipline.
12mo, cloth. $1.00 Net
The War In Eastern Europe
Described by JOHN REED and
Pictured by BOARDMAN ROBINSON
This is an account of such important operations and
aspects of the war as the Great Russian Retreat,
Serbia Devastated by Typhus, The Bulgarian Mobiliza.
tion, The Serbian Battle Line-described by text and
picture with an extraordinary vividness. The book
excels all earlier ones about the war in imparting a
sense of the color and atmosphere of peoples and
countries and also in giving an appreciation of the
light as well as the shadow in the lives of soldiers.
Much is revealed that is humorous to the point of
laughter and much that is attractive in the men that
make up the armies on both sides.
"
By JOHN GALSWORTY
Having just acquired the following books by John
Galsworthy, Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons are now
the publishers of all his works in this country. The
volumes will be issued in a style uniform with the
present Scribner editions.
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fiction to which one thinks seriously of turning a
second time.”—The Athenaeum.
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Fraternity
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thia Record.
"A vital book."--Chicago Post.
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and has reached the fulness of his powers. He is
already one of the few novelists who really count,
and it is safe to prophesy for him an ever-increasing
fame.”—London Daily Mail.
$1.35 Net
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Revised edition. Entirely rewritten.
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to shine out above anything else that is being pro-
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Mail.
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A Commentary
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Plays
First Series.
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questions which have a vital bearing upon the life of
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The Meaning of Education
CONTRIBUTIONS TO A PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
By NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER
President of Columbia University
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losophy of education. President Butler speaks with a
weight of authority and a maturity of judgment that
cannot be denied."--N. Y. Evening Sun.
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The Administration of President
Hays
By JOHN W. BURGESS, Ph.D., LL.D.
Author of "Reconstruction and the Constitution," etc.
The author shows not only cogently but eloquently
how the South was freed and pacified when reconstruc-
tion seemed a failure, how the country was rescued
from the curse of cheap money and how Civil Service
Reform was established on a firm basis by the patriotic
wisdom of a President to whom history has not hitherto
awarded his just dues of appreciation.
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Estimates in Art
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In this volume the author considers those among the
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work and personality for various reasons most interest
is taken at the present time. The book is therefore
as timely in subject as it is ripe in treatment. Claude,
Botticelli, El Greco, Goya, Rembrandt, Vermeer,
Sorolla, Carrière, Watts, and La Farge receive at his
hands an interpretation as suggestive and original as
it is sympathetic.
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Nan of Music Mountain
By FRANK H. SPEARMAN
Illustrated in color by N. C. Wyeth
This thrilling story is the masterpiece of the author
of "Whispering Smith”-a veritable “Lorna Doone"
of the West. The love of Nan, a member of an out-
law family, for a man whose life is devoted to exter-
minating her clan, forms the central theme of this
intensely absorbing story of primitive life in the high
country.
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The Portion of a Champion
The Meaning of Personal Life
By NEWMAN SMYTH, D.D.
This vital book pursues the quest of personality and
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investigation into the scientific facts at our disposal.
Thus Ďr. Smyth traces the consciousness, forces, and
development of personality-a most fascinating analy-
sis done in the simplest and most readable language.
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A romance of the heroic age in Ireland—the story
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warriors and the hand of the beautiful Etain. The
story is so vividly presented as to give a veritable
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The Symphony Play
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By L. H. BAILEY, Author of "The Holy Earth."
This is a collection of poems of widely various
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single strong impression by the fact that their common
inspiration is a vital sense of man's intimate spiritual
--and material-relation to nature;-an inspiration de.
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the earth that the sense of this relation, as well as
the appearance and the significance of nature in all
"winds and weathers," is powerfully imparted to the
reader.
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A play made up of one-act plays, "not merely 'linked
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tain,
as the
uthor explains, "but plays related in
color and tone and progressive meaning.". These
plays, “Billy Boy,". "The Mother," "The Brother,"
and “The Lady with Wings,” form a perfect whole
as the movements of a sonata form a symphony.
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Father Bernard's Parish
By FLORENCE OLMSTEAD
An intensely sympathetic novel revealing the ro-
mance of the life of the poorer people in a great city,
of mingled races. It is a story of New York—not of
Fifth Avenue, Broadway, or Wall Street-but of the
tenement districts with their comedy and tragedy, and
above all the clash and commingling of nationality.
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The Long Road Home
By RALPH D. PAINE
The story of a strong man wrestling with fate and
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tain. A series of misfortunes fall upon him as he
starts life anew, but he is eventually vindicated when
the girl he loves exposes the one really responsible.
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The Stories of H. C. Bunner
First Series
Second Series
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In response to a noticeably active revival of interest
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American story tellers, this new and convenient edition
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which the older lovers of this most lovable author will
find in returning to them.
Our Early Wild Flowers
By HARRIET L. KEELER, Author of “Our Native
Trees," "Our Garden Flowers," etc.
This is a comprehensive and authoritative study of
the early wild flowers of the Northern States. Its
descriptions and accounts of the growth of some one
hundred and thirty or so flowers, written with extra-
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pockeț volume exactly suited for the purposes of the
botanist,
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The Conscript Mother
Letters from America
By RUPERT BROOKE
With an Introduction by Henry James and a
Portrait Photogravure
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progress from the immaturity of their beginning to
the superb quality of their end are the measure of the
talent which we have lost,
The book is full of
admirable writing."—New York Tribune.
“ 'Letters from America' make delightful reading
from beginning to end. Rupert Brooke's point
of view is so original and so refreshing that wonder
is aroused at every turn of a page."-Philadelphia
North American.
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a mother's sacrifice.
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Remating Time
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Some of Appleton's Forthcoming Books
Woodrow Wilson—The Man and His Work
April
By Henry Jones Ford, Professor of Politics, Princeton University,
An intimate account of the personal traits and characteristics of the most conspicuous man in America to-day.
The career of this interesting man is discussed from his early youth to the present and his views on public
questions and political issues are presented, in the main, in his own words.
Illustrated. I2mo. Cloth, $1.50 net
Through South America's Southland
By Rev. J. A. ZAHM, C.S.C., Ph.D., (H. J. Mozans.)
Dr. Zahm knows South America from the Isthmus to the Straits of Magellan, and in this volume, the
third and last of his famous South American travel books, “Following the Conquistadores," he reveals the history,
the romance and the present-day status of Brazil, the Argentine, Chili, Paraguay, and Uraguay.
With 65 unusual illustrations. 8vo. Cloth. $3.50 net
Whale Hunting With Gun and Camera
April
By Roy CHAPMAN ANDREWS, Assistant Curator of Mammals, American Museum of Natural History,
A vivid picture of whaling as it really is to-day, An authoritative account of the revolution in the whaling
industry, showing what steam, guns, and air-pumps have done. Mr. Andrews's book contains a great deal of
information that is not generally known, including descriptions of whaling stations and whalers at Vancouver
Island, and in Japan and Korea.
Profusely illustrated with photographs by the author. Small 8vo. Cloth, rough cut edges. $2.50 net
The Real Story of the Whaler
By A. HYATT VERRILL, Author of "Isles of Spice and Palm,” etc.
As cotton is king in the South to-day, so a hundred years ago, whaling was king in New England, and this
book gives a dramatic picture of that romantic trade of the seas, which was in reality the foundation of American
commerce. Profusely illustrated with photographs, pen and ink drawings, etc. Small 810. Cloth, gilt top, $2.00 net
Let Us Go A-field
April
By EMERSON HOUGH, Author of "Out of Doors."
This is a call to the wild woods for all those who live in the tame towns--a delightful hint to the man
of the city that, in planning his holiday, he must look for surroundings that are in absolute contrast with his
regular life—and why. It is full of practical advice for campers and sportsmen.
With numerous illustrations. $1.25 net
The Book of Forestry
May
By FREDERICK F. MOON, Professor of Forest Engineering, New York State College of Forestry, Syracuse.
The trees and how to know them; the woods and how to treat them; the forests and how to protect them
-the book for the amateur who wants to know something of forestry. Besides the chapters on the life of the
forests and the activities of the lumber and log drive, there is a strong plea for conservation of our forests
showing how necessary this is to the permanent prosperity of the country.
Profusely illustrated. Small 8vo. $1.50 net
The Care and Culture of House Plants
April
By Hugh FINDLAY, Assistant Professor of Horticulture and Agricultural Botany,
Joseph Slocum College of Agriculture, Syracuse University
Only a few can have greenhouses. But everyone can have flowers in the home. This book tells which plants
will thrive best in the house, how to pot them, how to make them grow and flower. The book is the result
of many years', practical experience and deals with the culture of common house plants from seed time until
the harvest of bloom.
Profusely illustrated, Small 8vo. Cloth. $1.50 net
Your Boy and His Training
April
By Edwin PULLER, Former President of the Scout Masters' Association of St. Louis,
A sane hint to parents as to what they shall tell their boys of the body and its functions, and when these
things should be told. Boy, nature is described sympathetically, and frankly, faults and temptations noted and
methods for cure recommended. It is a practical study in adolescent psychology and its application to boy
training, written in language which the average parent, guardian or teacher can readily understand.
Cloth. $1.50
12mo.
The Home Care of Sick Children
By EMELYN LINCOLN COOLIDGE, M.D.,
Attending Physician in Diseases of Children, the Society of the Lying-in Hospita! of the City of New York City;
Editor of the Babies' Department of the Ladies' Home Journal.
You know Dr. Holt's famous "Care and Feeding of Children." That book, which sells in the hundreds
of thousands, tells how to treat and care for the baby that is well. In this companion volume, Dr. Coolidge
tells how to treat and care for the baby that is sick. Therefore, if you have Hoſt, you need Coolidge; if you
have neither, you need both.
16то. Flexible cloth. $1.00 net
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY
PUBLISHERS
NEW YORK
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A Selection from Appleton's Spring Books
Contemporary Politics in the Far East
May
By STANLEY K. HORNBECK,
Head of the Department of Political Science in the University of Wisconsin.
An up, to the minute volume giving the political history of China and Japan. Accurate enough to satisfy
the demands of the most exacting student. Clear and graphic enough to be of interest to the practical business
man. In fact the book contains so much new material of value that it will appeal to all interested in govern.
ment and politics in the East and West, as well as to the general reader.
8vo. Cloth. $3.00 net
The Tide of Immigration
April
By FRANK JULIAN WARNE, Author of "Immigrant Invasion."
Dr. Warne is an expert in the study of our foreign born population and in this volume he has endeavored
to describe the fundamental economic forces behind the great movement of population to and from the United
States; the probable effect on immigration of the European War, and the crucial questions of assimilation which
this war has so strikingly brought to the attention of the American people,
8vo. $2.50 net
The Caribbean Interests of the United States
By CHESTER LLOYD JONES, Professor of Political Science in the University of Wisconsin. May
A practical, intellectual, and interesting discussion of the political, naval, and economic interests of the
United States in the Caribbean region. It is the first attempt to interpret recent Caribbean developments in
the light of their political and economic background, and discusses the very latest developments in the Haiti pro-
tectorate and the treaties with Colombia and Nicaragua.
8vo. Cloth. $2.50 net
Vocational Psychology ,
May
By HARRY L. HOLLINGWORTH, Department of Psychology in Columbia University.
Psychological studies in character analysis, methods of selecting employees for different kinds of work, the
value of impressions based on the physical appearance of the individual, that will be of inestimable value to
employers, and an unfailing aid in assisting the worker to discover the particular field for which he is best
fitted by nature as well as by training. (Conduct of the Mind Series.)
8vo. Cloth. $2.50 net
The Photo Play
March
By Hugo MUNSTERBERG, Professor of Psychology, Harvard University.
Author of "Psychology, General and Applied,” “The War and America,” etc.
A psychological study of the "movies." A discussion of the psychological, æsthetic and social functions of
the photoplay.
Cloth. $1.00 net
12mo.
City Planning
Edited by John NOLEN
Haphazard development of a city is now a thing of the past. Planning ahead for the growth of a city is the
thing of to-day. This book shows what are the needs of the modern city and how these needs may be achieved
for the benefit of all the citizens. (National Municipal League Series.)
Illustrated with diagrams and photographs. $2.00 net.
Irrigation Management
Imo.
By FREDERICK HAYNES NEWELL, Professor of Civil Engineering, University of Illinois.
Formerly Director of United States Reclamation Service.
Irrigation as a science is accepted, but the management of irrigation plants is an unknown quantity as yet.
This volume clarifies many of the intricate and new administrative features that this latest of commercial
enterprises has given birth to in recent years.
Cloth. $2.00 net
Textiles
By Paul H. NYSTROM, Ph.D., Author of "Retail Selling and Store Management.”
A practical handbook for merchants and salesmen who desire authentic information about textile production,
values, marketing, fabric tests, etc. (Commercial Education Series. Prepared in the Extension Division of the
University of Wisconsin.)
Illustrated 12mo. Cloth. $1.50 net
The American Year Book for 1915
Edited FRANCIS G. WICKWARE
With the Coöperation of Representatives of Forty-Four Leading National Learned Societies.
This standard reference work has become an undisputable adjunct to every well-equipped library. Here in a
convenient, accessible form can be found practically everything worth knowing, that has happened during the
It is not a mere collection of facts and statistics, but a series of interesting articles written by
more than 120 experts, each an authority in his field. It is an aid of incalculable value to writers, editors,
doctors, ministers, lawyers, teachers, engineers, scientists, business men- -intellectual workers of all kinds.
Dimensions, 8 x 5 * 21/2 in. 900 pages. Bound in red cloth, $3.00 net
last year.
D. APPLETON AND COMPANY - PUBLISHERS
NEW YORK
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but it's a lot more useful for people
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"The 'Everyman.' Because it's so convenient."
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look along a whole line of big volumes and get a derrick to take them down."
“The ‘Everyman.' Because it's brief and compact, and in an office of this kind
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By WALTER REEVE RAMSEY
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and expectant mother ought to know. Fully
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FROM HOUSE TO HOUSE
By A. N. FURGERSON AND CONSTANCE
JOHNSON
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Every recipe in this book is the special pride of
a notable housewife. The interleaved sheets of
writing paper (one to each two printed sheets)
are for additional recipes. This book is not to
teach cooking but to provide some specially good
dishes from the home table and entertaining.
THE NEW GOLF
By P. A. VAILE
Net, $2.00
In the “New Golf" the American golfer is shown
the shortest road to proficiency. It is both
primer for the beginner, and a valuable friend
for the champion.
PRACTICAL STAGE DIRECTING
FOR AMATEURS
By EMERSON TAYLOR
Net, $1.00
A complete compendium of stage requirements,
definitions, do's and don'ts, and the A B C'S for
beginners. The technique of voice, pause and
poise for the veterans.
THINKING AS A SCIENCE
By HENRY HAZLITT
Net, $1.00
Telling us how to think, and how to search for
the rules and methods of procedure which will
help us in thinking creatively, originally and not
least of all surely, correctly.
THE STARS OF DESTINY
By KATHERINE TAYLOR CRAIG
Net, $2.00
А book about star influence on human destiny.
A powerful and stimulating introduction to As-
trology. Practical information about drawing
Horoscopes and reading them.
A BOOK FOR SHAKESPEARE PLAYS
AND PAGEANTS
By MISS O. L. HATCHER
Net, $2.00
A new and important addition to the resources
of all readers and lovers of Shakespeare, and of
all who wish to present scenes from the plays, or
to take part in Shakespearean or Elizabethan
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FIGURES OF SEVERAL CENTURIES
By ARTHUR SYMONS
Net, $2.50
Essays of unusual charm and importance dealing
with many characters of prominence in the lit-
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Hardy, Pater, Meredith, etc,
HOLDERS OF RAILROAD BONDS AND NOTES,
THEIR RIGHTS AND REMEDIES
By LOUIS HEFT (of the New York Bar) Net, $2.00
A complete hand-book for the investor in Rail-
road securities, showing how to distinguish be-
tween the various classes of securities, what to
look for and what to avoid.
A DICTIONARY OF UNIVERSAL BIOGRAPHY
By ALBERT W. HYAMSON
Net, $7.50
This work not only includes far more names than
does any other in existence, but may claim with-
out hesitation to deal with more individuals than
the aggregate of any score of other works. It is
intended primarily for readers and students who
wish to learn more of the actors or thinkers
whom they meet in the course of their reading.
EVE DORRE
By EMILY VIELE STROTHER
Net, $1.35
J. B. Kerfoot says: "Eve Dorre has this blessed
ability, suddenly, in the miast of our laughing
enjoyment of its naturalness and naivete, to
threaten us with tears."
PASSED BY THE CENSOR
By WYTHE WILLIAMS, Press correspondent of
the New York Times," with an introduction by
Ambassador Herrick.
Net, $1.25
The story of the New York "Times" correspond-
ence from the beginning of the war. Much of
the information has never before been given to
the public. Containing wonderful military
map, never before published, showing the whole
line of the German trenches from Belgium to the
Swiss Border.
THE HONEYPOT
By COUNTESS BARCYNSKA
Net, $1.35
The Philadelphia "Press'' says: "Stage life as the
chorus girl of the musical comedy sees it pictured
in an extremely vivid and life-like fashion."
The Boston Herald" says: "An illuminating
study of stage life."
GOD'S REMNANTS
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survey of modern European and American art, written by a member of the
International Jury. With Five Color Plates and 82 other illustrations, Net, $3.00
By
CHRISTIAN BRINTON
Author of
*Modern Artists," etc.
IAN
A PAINTER OF DREAMS
A book teeming with incident, humor, and hitherto unpublished information
respecting many historical personages, to which the author alone has been
allowed access.
With Numerous Nlustrations. Net, $3.50
By
A. M. W. STIRLING
Author of
*Coke of Norfolk," etc.
ADVENTURES IN COMMON SENSE
A new note in literature. The essay made modern, readable, piquant and
understandable.
Net, $1.00
By DR. FRANK CRANE
Author of
Footnotes to Life," "Just Human,"
etc.
A SHORT HISTORY OF ENGLAND
Mr. Chesterton here takes the view that the Reformation was a step in the
wrong direction, and that Medieval England was a great deal nearer the ideal
State than modern England.
Net, $1.50
By
G. K. CHESTERTON
Author of
The Crimes of England," etc.
GAUDIER-BRZESKA: A MEMOIR
Gaudier-Brzeska was killed at Neuville St. Vaast, in June, 1915. This book
presents all of his writings about sculpture and a very full set of his letters
from the front.
With 4 Portraits and 34 Mustrations. Net, $3.50
By
EZRA POUND
Author of
Personea,' Canzoni," etc.
A BOOK OF BELGIUM'S GRATITUDE
This book has been designed and published as an expression of the gratitude
felt by Belgians for the help and hospitality of the British Empire and the
United States. The contributors include all the most distinguished Belgians
in politics, society, literature and art.
With 33 Nlustrations, 9 in full color. Net, $2.00
By
MAURICEMAETERLINCK
EMILE VERHAEREN,ETC,
Patron
H. M. King of the Belgians
JOHN LANE COMPANY, Publishers, NEW YORK
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[March 16
THE DIAL
New Books the Critics are Praising
A Romance of the Montana Hills
The
GOLDEN
WOMAN
By
RIDGWELL
CULLUM
Strength dominates every page of this
great story. In Cullum's inimitable por-
trayal of the primitive American west, in
his descriptions of the lawless Montana
mining camp, in the manner he tells of a
love stronger than disaster, the touch of
the master is evident. You will like "The
Golden Woman” as much for its human-
ness and realism as for its thrills. For it
has thrills, plenty of them, as it unfolds the
experiences of Joan Stanmore, who flees to
the hills of Montana to escape a curse
which followed her with tragic persistence.
Net, $1.35
By William Byron Forbush, Ph.D., author of
“The Boy Problem,” Etc.
Guide-Book to Childhood
A dictionary of child life and an encyclopedia
of child training. Of all the books for par-
ents and the home, this one stands alone, for
it contains the gist of all others, besides many
special contributions of its own. It discusses
the development of the child physically, men-
tally and morally and answers every question
concerning the wise direction of that develop-
ment. Charts, suggestions and references of
incalculable value are included. And the whole
is written in Dr. Forbush's usual lucid style.
The Making of a Home
By Eben E. Rexford
Author of
“Four Seasons in a Garden"
"Amateur Garden Craft,” Etc.
8 Ilustrations. 12mo.
Net, $1.25
This volume tells in story form the experiences of a
city man in establishing his home in the country. The
house itself, the lawn, the flower beds, the vegetable
garden, etc., each are taken up separately and explained
in minute detail. The volume is a practical handbook
of sound advice and first hand information for all who
live away from the city or contemplate living there.
Even such topics as small fruits, chicken raising, etc.,
are discussed thoroughly and authoritatively.
Approved by the “A. L. A.”
The Story of Yone Noguchi
Told by Himself. With 8 illustrations, by
Yoshio Markino. 12 mo. Net, $1.50.
The experiences of the Japanese poet, both
here and abroad read like a romance, so inter-
estingly and so intimately are they described.
The Heart of Lincoln
By Wayne Whipple, author of "The Story Life
of Washington. 16mo. Net 50c. Limp
Leather, boxed, $1.00.
The warm affection, the ready sympathy and
the big heart of Lincoln portrayed in a series
of anecdotes in which humor and pathos are
evenly blended.
Reducing the Cost of Living
By Dr. Scott Nearing. 12mo. Net, $1.25.
8vo. Cloth. Net, $2.50
Manual of Play
How to play with children and how to help
children play by themselves.
Mustrated. 12mo. Cloth. Net, $1.50
Manual of Stories
A comprehensive and thorough presentation
of the usefulness and art of story telling.
Illustrated. 12mo. Cloth. Net, $1.50
An Obstinate Maid
Translated from the 21st edition of the German of
Emma von Rhoden, by Mary E. Ireland.
Nlus. 12mo. Net, $1.25.
A new edition of this famous story of
school life for girls. Its descriptions of
girlish pranks and pleasures, its suggestion
of love and romance, is sure to catch the
fancy of all young readers to whom is com-
ing an appreciation of life.
Brave Deeds of Union Soldiers
By Samuel Scoville, Jr., 8 full-page illustrations.
Large 12 mo. Net, $1.25.
"It would be well if this little book could
go into every home and into every library
in the land. Read it, boys and girls, in
these war days, that we may remember
anew the lessons which the lives and deaths
of our kin hold for us.”—Boston Transcript.
GEORGE W. JACOBS & COMPANY, Publishers, 1628 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
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THE DIAL
LIPPINCOTT SPRING BOOKS
Fiction
t
R
BEHOLD THE WOMAN
By T. EVERETT HARRE.
BEHOLDI
$1.35 Net
The tremendous story of the Re-
THE
demption
of a
Woman's Soul.
WOMAN!
Symbolic in its interpretation of
the spiritual emancipation 01
By T. EVERETT HARRÉ
womankind, it bears a trenchant
message for every thinking man
and woman living in the world
to-day.
Only four or five books in lit-
erature possess the scope, the in-
sight, the passion and the power
displayed in this engrossing work
-'Quo Vadis," "Salambo," and
"Ben Hur,” etc. It will unques-
tionably rank as one of the greatest romances ever written,
A novel teaming with the turbulent excitement, intrigue,
and romance of the most splendid and licentious age of
the world. The Time is the final conflict between Pagan-
ism and Christianity.
+
The Finding of Jasper Holt
General
FUNDAMENTALS OF MILITARY
SERVICE
By Capt. Lincoln C. Andrews,
U. S. Cavalry
Prepared under the supervision of
MAJOR GENERAL LEONARD WOOD, U.S.A.
428 Pages. Limp leather binding. 12mo. $1.50 net
This will be the Text-Book in the Summer Training
Camps of the Eastern Army Division.
This work should be read widely by citizens of all
classes, not only those who wish to equip themselves for
the training camps and military courses, but also those
who will wish to be ready for any eventuality. It de-
scribes in detail the military service in all branches of
the army.
Nights
Rome, Venice, in the Aesthetic Eighties; Paris, London,
in the Fighting Nineties
By ELIZABETH ROBINS PENNELL
Sixteen illustrations from photographs and etchings.
$3.00 net. Octavo. Postage extra.
The pleasure of association with equally famous literary
and artistic friends has been the good fortune of the
Pennells. In this absorbing book there is the inside his-
tory of an enthralling period; and an acquaintanceship
with those who made it what it was: Beardsley, Henley,
Harland, editor of "The Yellow Book," Whistler, etc.
The Illustrations, photographs, and etchings by Joseph
Pennell are unusual.
The Rise of Rail Power in War and
Conquest
By E. H. PRATT
Tentative price, $2.50
The basis upon which military railway transport has
been organized alike in Germany, France and the United
Kingdom, with a presentation of the vast importance of
railway facilities in modern warfare and a thorough dis-
cussion of the subject from the standpoint of the American
looking to his country's needs.
Petrograd: Past and Present
By WILLIAM BARNES STEVENI
Thirty photographic Illustrations.
319 pages. Octavo.
$3.00 net. Postage extra.
In a lively style, the author presents the life of the
great city since the day of Peter the Great, its founder.
The Moujiks, bureaucrats and aristocrats are observed and
made to live in the Occidental mind by the author watch-
ing and studying in theatres, restaurants, gardens, army
quarters, etc.
A Thousand Years of Russian History
By SONIA E. HOWE
Thirteen plates. Twenty-eight illustrations.
432 pages.
8 maps. Octavo. $2.50 net. Postage extra.
This is just what is desired: A readable history_of
Russia since the foundation of the Empire in 1862. The
author is a Russian by birth and an Englishwoman by
marriage. By revealing the past this book gives the
reader the meaning of the literature, music, dancing and
politics of the present.
Submarines:
Their Mechanism and Operation
By FREDERICK A. TALBOT
Forty-nine illustrations.
274 pages.
12mo.
$1.25 net. Postage extra.
The development of the submarine-its use in modern
warfare, defensive power, offensive weapons and possibil-
ities, enemies, engines, life of crew, strength of different
navies, speeds, facilities in various situations, future in
warfare, etc.
The Nürnberg Stove
By QUIDA
Four illustrations in color by Maria L. Kirk. 12mo.
$0.50 net. Postage extra.
A new edition of one of Ouida's best stories; presented
in handsome binding, large, clear type, and adorned with
four of Miss Kirk's best colored illustrations.
The
By GRACE LIVINGSTON HILL LUTZ
Author of "Miranda," etc., etc.
Three illustrations in color by E. F. Bayha.
$1.25 Net. Postage extra.
A love story of a Western man and an Eastern woman.
To rise to the occasion he needs the agencies of an ex.
citing railroad accident, a horse race and loads of beau.
tiful roses from his own garden, but he succeeds, and the
reader rejoices. Mrs. Lutz's heart and humor are on
every page.
Adam's Garden
By NINA WILCOX PUTNAM
Frontispiece in color_by H. Weston Taylor.
$1.25 Net. Postage extra.
Adam's fate was to work out his salvation and win his
girl by raising flowers upon a vacant city lot, surrounded
by cats and dogs, dwelling with crusty humorous cur-
mudgeons who drift from everywhere, having a feud with
a thug and being desperately loved by an unfortunate
girl. A big story with humanity its theme.
The Strange Cases of Mason Brant
By NEVIL MONROE HOPKINS
Illustrated in color by Gayle Hoskins.
$1.25 Net. Postage extra.
Criminology is a difficult art when we know that a man
can put a little radium in your hat and drive you stark
crazy. This is but one of the mysteries that cross the
path of Mason Brant, cosmopolitan gentleman.
author, a scientist, attacks the situation with a refreshing
originality.
The Curved Blades
By CAROLYN WELLS, Author of "The White Alley."
Frontispiece by Gayle Hoskins. $1.36 Net. Postage extra.
You know Fleming Stone. Did you think he could fall
in love? In the midst of as amazing a murder mystery as
could be conceived, the heart of the great sleuth is pierced
with one of Cupid's darts. This is a fine old-fashioned
detective story—the kind that grabs you, holds you, leaves
you feeling part and parcel of a terrific drama of crime
and detection,
A Man's Reach
By SALLY NELSON ROBINS
Three illustrations in color by Edmund Frederick.
$1.25 Net. Postage extra.
Governor Stuart of Virginia:
"I have much pleasure in commending it to the thou-
sands who must be interested in the vital thought sug-
gested by the title."
Bishop D. J. O'Connell, Richmond, Va.:
"I am rather well acquainted with Mrs. Sally Nelson
Robins. If you wish to understand the Virginia of to-day
you would do well to read her.”
The Conquest
By SIDNEY L. NYBURG, Author of "The Final Verdict."
$1.25 Net. Postage extra.
James L. Ford, in the New York Herald:
"When, a year ago, I read Mr. Sidney L. Nyburg's
volume of short stories called "The Final Verdict," I
promised myself to keep a sharp lookout for any further
work he might do. I have just finished 'The Conquest,'
a novel which fulfils the promise of the earlier book and
adds a name to the list of really good American novelists."
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[March 16
THE DIAL
LVX ET
LVX ET
YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
אוויס
ותכים
אנייס)
ותכים
VERITAS
NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT
VERITAS
The Covent-Garden Journal, by Henry Fielding
Edited, With an Introduction and Notes, by GERARD E. JENSEN, Ph. D.
“ The most important contribution, in recent years, to the personal and literary history of
Henry Fielding. Many of the articles are of unusual literary quality; and taken altogether,
they throw new light upon the life and work of Fielding at this period.”—Professor Wilbur L.
Cross, Yale University.
2 vols. 8vo. Board binding. Vol. I, 368 pages; Vol. II, 293 pages. 12 illustrations
Price, $5.00 net, postpaid.
A Manual of the Writings in Middle English, 1050-1400
By JOHN EDWIN WELLS, M. L., M. A., Ph. D.
handbook indicating the probable date of each item, its MS. or MSS., the prose or verse
form, the extent of the piece, and its source or sources where known; also presenting comments
on each considerable writing, with an abstract of its contents.
8vo. Cloth binding. 950 pages.
Price, $5.00 niet, postpaid.
A Census of Shakespeare's Plays in Quarto, 1594-1709
Prepared, With an Introduction, by HENRIETTA BARTLETT and ALFRED POLLARD of
the British Museum.
Contains titles and collations of each edition, with an account of the provenance, condition and
binding of each copy extant, as well as an Index of Owners and Binders. To be published in April
as a fitting tribute to Shakespeare's Tercentenary.
Quarto. Board binding. 208 pages.
Price, $5.00 net, postpaid.
A Topical Bibliography of Milton
Compiled by ELBERT N. S. THOMPSON, Ph.D.
The material is arranged chronologically, showing the historical development of criticism
and indicating automatically the latest publication on each point. Since there is no other good
bibliography of Milton, the present work should be invaluable not only to students, but also to
librarians, as a reference catalogue of available material on this author.
8vo. Board binding. 75 pages. (In preparation.)
English Literature from Widsith to the Death of Chaucer
By ALLEN R. BENHAM, Ph. D.
In order to provide for literary history what the source-book has offered history in general,
he has made selection among various types of literature of the period, including political, re-
ligious and social extracts as well as those more commonly known.
8vo. Cloth binding. 550 pages. (In preparation.)
Journeys to
Bagdad

By Charles S. Brooks
"A Pleasant Excursion for
the Tired Mortal by Way of the
Essay.' A book which recalls
in its whimsical study of little
things no less an essayist than
Elia.
A delightful part
is the wood-cuts, which have
the same gentle grotesqueness
and rich fancy as the text."
44
-Springfield Republican.
(Second printing.)
Board binding.. Gilt top.
140 pages. 30 illustrations.
In a slip case.
Price, $1.50 net, postpaid.
"If we must be ocean liners all day, plodding between unknown and monotonous
ports, at least we may be tramp steamers at night, cargoed with strange
stuffs and trafficking for lonely and unvisited seas.'
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251
THE DIAL
PUBLISHED APRIL 15
About Miss Mattie Morningglory
00
ABOUT
TISSMATTIE
Mono RY
ABOUT
MISS MATTIE
MORNINGGLORY
LILIAN BELL
60
LILLA BELL
By Lilian Bell
Author of “The Love Affairs of An Old Maid,"
“The Expatriates," Hope Loring," " Carolina
Lee,” etc., etc.
About Miss Mattie Morningglory” will be eagerly read
by all lovers of wholesome fiction.
is one of the sweetest love stories ever told, fairly
teeming with humor and pathos. Miss Bell has woven a
charming narrative about a warm-hearted, impulsive little
milliner, whose first affections are centered on a worthless
scamp, who has deceived and robbed her.
The plot abounds in many delightful surprises, and surely
nothing could be more entertaining than the Christmas
shopping of the neighbor women. Here Miss Bell has
depicted a humorous scene that will make an instant hit
should the book ever be dramatized. The story unfolds a
tale of good deeds and good-will to man that will make
it live forever. 12mo. Cloth.
Net $1.35

Rand
Minsky
_“I Conquered”

*I CONQUERED"
UNQUEI
TITUS
UTUS
By Harold Titus
This is a rousing story of the new West; of a real man's
awakening to the fact that his crop of wild oats was a bit too
vigorous; of his determination to throw off the hold of city
habits and readjust himself by life in the open.
There is so much red blood in the characters that it is impos-
sible to withhold interest in their every action, while the story
of the horse, “ Captain," a wonderful free-runner of the plains,
is absolutely enthralling.
12mo. Cloth. Colored Front-
ispiece and Jacket by Chas. M.
Russell.
Net $1.25
$1.25

NET
LAND
meno
Phil
My friend
Phil
My Friend Phil
By Isabel Peacocke
A book in a thousand. There is a charm and a sweetness in
this story of a child, a man, and a maid that is certain to win
for its talented author a wide circle of admirers.
Little Phil and his quaint sayings would furnish material for
a whole month's dinner table conversations. He is one of the
most delightful and whimsical children in fiction, worthy of a
place with Peter Pan and little Davy Copperfield.
Colored Frontispiece. Illuminated Jacket. Cloth. 12mo.
Net $1.25.
Publishers
ISABEL.M. PEACOCKE
Chicago
RAND MCNALLY & CO.
&
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252
March 16
THE DIAL
III
the hopen CENTURY
To be in
April
(Published March 18)
The Opening Chapters of a New Novel by
William Dean Howells
ENTITLED
The Leatherwood God
Some Other Features
of the April CENTURY
UNTUDIO||||0 DIN DOUDOUDOUNDBOONDID1010101010 DO DITUNTUT UNTITUIT0|10|| | || NTONDOBON|||||||||||||UIDONDNDIDNOTOU!1011010101 011011011011 011011011 0110101010110110110110110110110110D | DDS
HE story of a religious imposter in
the backwoods of Ohio who gives
himself out as God, the novel offers
a skilful psychological examination
of a type of mind which, from the founder of
Mormonism down, has played a prominent part
in our social life. The "god" is the pro-
tagonist of the story; Nancy, his deserted
wife, is the heroine; and she and Squire
Braile, a mocker as courageous as he is wise
and humorous, are two of the most beautiful
and memorable figures of modern fiction.
Among the other characters are a perfectly
real and delightful boy; Abel and Sally Rev-
erdy, a pair of good-natured, shiftless_bor-
rowers it is impossible not to like; David
Gillespie, hard and just and splendid; and
Jane, his red-haired, blue-eyed daughter, of
few words, almost ferocious in her loves and
hates.
From first to last the narrative is direct and
moving, quick with sentiment and mellow with
gracious, kindly humor. The background is a
forest only slightly cut by the settlers-a still,
huge, live thing which the reader feels in
every line of the book.
The novel is an accurate and intensely mov-
ing reproduction of pioneer Western life, a
dramatization for to-day of the men and
women of yesterday who were making Amer-
ica, a moving narrative of characters mo-
tivated by powerful, elemental emotions, and
an index of the growth of America's foremost
literary figure.
SOULS ON FIFTH
By Granville Barker
RIPE FOR CONQUEST
By Robert R. McCormick
"CHANTONS, BELGES! CHANTONS!"
By Arthur Gleason
THE AMAZING WAR OF 1812
By Helen Nicolay
THE TERRIBLE YUAN SHI-KAI
By Frederick Moore
THE LOST PHOEBE
By Theodore Dreiser
What are GASOLENE'S INTENTIONS?
By Eugene Wood
Etc., Etc. Etc.
BURUDUBIIDIDIIDIIDID Bibi IIBUDNI DODIGDD|O||0||$|| DDCHUDDENDODONTIDO DE BODDE DIBDIBOND DIRBINDUSTRIBERDED DISIBILIDAD DUBROVNDBINDIBIDUDDUDIDINDINIONIBIDIIDIIDIIDIIDIIDIISIONIBIDIN
To come in May CENTURY
ENOCH SOAMES
By Max Beerbohm
PHILADELPHIA OLD AND NEW
By Joseph Pennell
MILITARY TRAINING for our YOUTH
By George Creel
PHOTOPLAYS AND SHAKESPEARE
By Brian Hooker
And this is the kind of a magazine THE CENTURY is now.
Isn't it your kind?
The Century Company, 353 Fourth Avenue, New York City
GENTLEMEN: Please find enclosed $4.00, for which send me The Century for
one year, beginning with the April number, to
NAME..
ADDRESS
(Dial-16-3)
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1916)
253
THE DIAL
New and Notable Books Published by The Century Co.
MASTER SKYLARK
By Edgar White Burrill.
A dramatization of John Bennett's novel of
the same
name, reproducing the times of
Shakespeare, and introducing him as one of
the characters.
Illustrations by Reginald Birch. Price, $1.00 net.
Fiction
66
THE WRITING ON THE WALL
By Eric Fisher Wood, author of “The Note-
Book of an Attache."
A semi-official book revealing the pitiful
military weakness of the United States and the
terrible need for military strength.
11 illustrations. Price, $1.00 net.
THE STORY OF THE SUBMARINE
By Farnham Bishop, author of Panama,
Past and Present."
An accurate but non-technical account of the
development of the submarine from 1620 to
1916.
60 illustrations. Price, $1.00 net.
FROM PILLAR TO POST
By John Kendrick Bangs, author of The
House-Boat on the Styx," etc.
Humorous reminiscences of a ten-year ad-
venture on the lyceum platform.
30 illustrations by John R. Neill. Price,
$1.60 net.
THE IMPERIAL IMPULSE
By Samuel P. Orth, author of “Socialism
and Democracy in Europe.”
Vivid character-sketches of the five chief
cultures now at war-France, Belgium, Eng-
land, Russia, and Germany; explaining the
personalities of these nations.
Price, $1.20 net.
THE HARIM AND THE PURDAH
By Elizabeth Cooper, author of "My Lady
of the Chinese Courtyard.”
Studies of oriental women. Showing the
old life of, and the awakening of a new life
in, the women's quarters of Egypt, India, Bur-
mah, Japan, and China.
32 full-page illustrations. Price, $3.00 net.
THE FOUNDATION OF THE OTTO-
MAN EMPIRE
By Herbert Adams Gibbons, author of
“The New Map of Europe," etc.
A new theory as to the establishment of the
magnificent empire of the Turks.
6 maps, bibliography, index. Price, $3.00 net.
THE MOST INTERESTING
AMERICAN
By Julian Street, author of "Abroad at
Home."
A vivid, brief character-sketch of the most
widely known American—Theodore Roosevelt.
Price, 50 cents net.
A CATHEDRAL SINGER
By James Lane Allen, author of “The Choir
Invisible," etc.
A tender and exquisite story of a mother's
love, written around the great Cathedral of
St. John the Divine in New York City.
Frontispiece in color. Price, $1.00 net.
WHERE THE PATH BREAKS
By Captain Charles de Créspigny
A swiftly moving love-story, backgrounded
by the war and ending in peace and happiness
in the Far West of America.
Frontispiece in colors. Price, $1.30 net.
JOHN BOGARDUS
By George Agnew Chamberlain, author of
Home," etc.
The story of a young man who, having been
given a scholar's education but robbed of his
youth, went wandering about the earth, finding
adventure, love, and wisdom.
Pictures by Benda. Price, $1.35 net.
To be published April 14
9
COME OUT OF THE KITCHEN! *
By Alice Duer Miller,
Author of “The Blue Arch,". etc.
A modern romance with an unusually fresh plot,
enlivened with humor and satire.
Pictures by Meylan. Price, $1.25 net.
CHILDREN OF HOPE
By Stephen Whitman,
Author of "The Woman From Yonder," etc.
A novel telling with humor and gaiety of three lovely
Americans in Europe, their artistic ambitions, their love-
stories, etc. Pictures by Gruger. Price, $1.40 net.
f
At Abel Boedores THE CENTURY CO. 353. Web conue
GOLDEN LADS
By Arthur Gleason,
Author of "The Spirit of Christmas"
The only American eye-witness account of actual fight-
ing and atrocities along the Westem front.
16 full-page illustrations. Price, $1.30 net.
PRESENT-DAY CHINA
By Gardner L. Harding
The latest facts about the largest and one of the most
romantically attractive nations on earth.
8 illustrations. Price, $1.00 net.
BY MOTOR TO THE FIRING-LINE
By Walter Hale
An artist's impressions of the battlefields and the
Allied forces in Northern and Eastern France.
42 illustrations. Price, $1.50 net.
AMERICA'S FOREIGN RELATIONS
By Willis Fletcher Johnson,
Author of "A Century of Expansion"
Two volumes, 16 illustrations, appendices, and index.
Price for the two volumes, boxed, $6 net.
Fourth Avenue
New York City
IT
Published by
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25+
[March 16
THE DIAL
After Reading These Reviews
You Will Understand the Suc-
cess of These Books.
JUST
New Russian Fiction PUBLISHED
THE RIVER OF LIFE
GLASGOW
“Life and Gabriella”
By ALEXANDER KUPRIN Net, $1.25
Four stories, including “Captain Rebnikov,"
the tale of a Japanese spy in St. Petersburg,
which deserves its place among the world's
great stories.
Abnormalities and morbid introspection have
no place in Kurpin's work, which suggests
Kipling intensified by the technique of Poe.
THE NEW YORK SUN:
“It is one of Miss Glasgow's great novels; it stands out
as a fine and capable achievement. There is no doubt
that with her fine historic sense, her faithful realism, her
infectious humor, her gentle irony, she will rank as one
of the first great American novelists."
THE NEW YORK TIMES:
"The book is exceedingly well written; it has humor and
pathos, reality, an exceptional insight into character, and a
brave and inspiring philosophy of life. It sets a very high
standard for the novels of 1916; those that measure up to
it will be notable ones indeed.
THE NEW YORK EVENING POST:
“In 'Life and Gabriella' the central conception is unique,
and it is one of great strength."
29th thousand. Frontispiece. Net, $1.35.
Notable Volumes by Two of Russia's Most
Widely Read Authors
The Bet and Other Tales
By TCHEKHOV
Net, $1.25
"The output of English translations of Russian litera-
ture continues apace. 'The Bet and Other Tales' is a
specimen of the work at its best. . . . It need hardly be
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A Fortnightly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
Vol. LX.
MARCH 16, 1916
No. 714
HENRY JAMES.
.
.
CONTENTS.
The death of Henry James takes from the
PAGE literature of our time one of its chief figures.
HENRY JAMES. Edward E. Hale.
259
A generation ago, when that great movement
THE ACADEMIC CONSCIOUSNESS. Joseph in favor of seriousness and sincerity called
Jastrow
262 realism was at its height, James was one
of the most able and most representative lead-
LITERARY AFFAIRS IN PARIS. (Special
ers. He stood for the aims of dozens of the
Paris Correspondence.) Theodore Stanton 263
younger writers, for the interests of thou-
CASUAL COMMENT
266
sands of readers. Then came that change in
The rewards of book-reviewing.- The queen- sentiment which followed the earlier work of
poet of Roumania.- Humor's place in poetry. Stevenson; then came Kipling, Conan Doyle,
- Early literary likings of Henry James.-
Anthony Hope, and how many others; every-
The much-edited Horace. The threatened
one delighted in stories of adventure, of mys-
paper famine in England. - The novelist's
tery, of romance, indeed of all sorts of excite-
prime of life.- A call for cheering literature.
ment and extravagance. The earlier stories
COMMUNICATIONS
270 were left on one side under the name of
The “ Arabian Nights and the English “ psychology”; even fine things of the day,
Novel. Robert Calvin Whitford.
like Hardy's “Jude the Obscure," and the
Shakespeare Problems. E. Basil Lupton.
books of George Gissing and George Moore,
Further Interpretations of " Untented.'
were repulsive and depressing." James was
H. E. Warner and Edith S. Mitchell.
acknowledged a master, but other masters
WATTS-DUNTON AND HIS CIRCLE. Percy
were more alluring. Then that enthusiasm
F. Bicknell
. 272 waned; people began to recover themselves as
though getting home from some delightful
THE ACCEPTABLE YEAR OF THE LORD.
summer holiday; the charms of Zenda-stories
Grant Showerman
274
and of Sherlock Holmes paled and were left
A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO THE STUDY
to the popular magazines. Arnold Bennett
OF LITERATURE. J. Paul Kaufman turned from his fantastic imaginations and
INTER ARMA CARITAS. Waldo R. Browne
wrote
277
The Old Wives' Tale”; Mr. Wells
turned from his wonderlands of pseudo-science
THE WRITINGS OF JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. and wrote “ Tono-Bungay. Once more peo-
St. George L. Sioussat
279
ple could find interest in the familiar circum-
RECENT FICTION. Edward E. Hale 280 stances of every day. A host of younger men
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
283 sprung up, looking at current life with a fresh
but penetrating eye. Then it appeared that
Essays in the reconstruction of ancient
Henry James was still the master that he had
thought.- High discourse on many themes.-
The ruler of Japan.- A Russian on Russian
always been,– that his eye for life was as
literature.— The sweep of Babylonian civil-
keen and, in spite of his three-score years, as
ization.- Canadian ideals and problems.-
fresh as in earlier days. He could do (as he
The American college: a symposium.- Mr.
always had done) what everybody else was
Masefield's recollections of John M. Synge. now trying to do. There was no one who stood
NOTES
286
as he did among the younger spirits of the
day.
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING BOOKS 287
This is a fine and an extraordinary career,
(A classified list of books to be issued by and if we have any sense of regret at the de-
American publishers during the Spring and parture of Henry James, it is because he did
Summer of 1916.)
not himself do what he doubtless had in mind
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
301 and review his own artistic career in its rela-
.
.
-
.
.


260
March 16
THE DIAL
>
tion to the artistic history of its time. The of looking at things. That, too, is often the
.
two volumes of his autobiography carried his way with an artist, and that has been so in
revaluation of his own life to the point where a large way with the recent development of
he was just making his beginnings in what the almost every art. In the music, painting,
world thinks of as his life. But from that poetry of to-day the technique of any artist
point, though in his recent prefaces he offered is likely to be more complicated (and so, to
many remarks and notes, he never gave a gen- many, more obscure) than the technique of
eral estimate of what he knew he had at- half a century ago. It was so with James both
tempted and felt he had done.
because of his own change in artistic feeling
Yet, however it might seem to himself, it and because of the time in which he lived.
was plain to all that James was from the very
His earlier work - say,
“ The American
beginning a master in his art, that he had gone was refined, but it was and was meant to be
directly on in the path that his genius had
clear. But his later work was often not meant
made clear to him in spite of the ebbs and
to be clear; in fact, it was deliberately meant
flows of popular sentiment, that he was at the to be not clear, - meant to be something else,
end of his life a greater figure even than in something that James (whatever we may like)
those early days when he was felt to be so liked better than clearness.
. Along in the
absolutely fine. He had stood always for the nineties his work takes on a quality something
same thing, and the currents of the time had like that which he at one time noted in the
turned away from him and run off in various plays of Maeterlinck,— there was an aspect as
directions, and then had turned to the older of twilight in the scene, a feeling almost as
ways again, and there had found him going on of dusk, which reminds one of the delicate,
ahead as he had been all the time while other often thrilling, coloration that musicians see
people had been making a long detour. When in the work of Maeterlinck's contemporary
people began to realize him again, however, Debussy, or indeed of the atmospheric vibra-
they began to realize that he was not the tion (not clear even in its brilliancy) in the
Henry James whom they had known. It landscapes of Claude Monet. In each case
|
might have been that he had changed, it the technical means was the same, — namely,
might have been that they had changed; an addition of notes, of details not called for
however it was, many of the earlier admirers by the definite outlines of the idea, indeed
of Henry James could not endure his later often not in harmony with them, making a
works, and most of the admirers of his later“ richness” of effect as it was sometimes
works felt that his earlier writing was a little called, which had its quality, but certainly was
slight or thin.
not clear.
There was undoubtedly a change, and it But these things, often felt or mentioned,
would have been strange had there not been. were not everything, and if they had been
The point of interest was, What was the dif- would have left us far more in doubt as to
ference? Was it for better or for worse? the true position and value of the work of
Many felt the difference chiefly as it showed Henry James than we need be now. These
itself in the matter of style, in the form of things are technical, even mechanical one is
the language, in the way in which James put tempted to think; and however they may
in words what he wished to say. The latter make us feel as to Henry James as an artist,
James was “ obscure.” This was obviously they could hardly have added to our feeling
.
the case; indeed, it has been the case with for his general value as a great novelist.
a good many men,- with Walter Pater, for People, artists as others, do think and feel in
instance, and with Robert Browning. In the such and such a way, doubtless, but in such
effort to make the written word more exactly matters as those we have been speaking of
express the movement, often very subtle and there will always exist in many minds a doubt
growing more subtle with years, of the flow- as to whether that way is good, whether it is
ing thought, men will sometimes become ob- really artistic, or often whether the thing said
scure even to those who are used to their is worth the trouble of such saying, or worth
earlier writing and their earlier thought. one's trying to appreciate such complications.
But this was not the only thing in James's The real thing was evidently not there,
case. There was a difference, a complication, indeed evidently could not be there, for where
not merely in his expression but in his way thought and expression of thought are so


1916]
261
THE DIAL
closely related as in the work of a man like one of us thinks sometimes one way, some-
Henry James, there can never be a question of times another) is to the point just here be-
style alone, unless in the case of minor man- cause it indicates the way James used to think
nerisms, which he certainly had like many in his first books and the way he thought in
lesser men, or indeed more than they.
his later books. He used to present what peo-
No, the thing was deeper, and in the way ple felt, thought, did, and there was the whole
it showed itself was often felt. It was not thing. But in his later years he had come to
merely that his sentences were complicated, feel that in addition to whatever people felt,
his art complex. It was often said that James thought, and did, there was something beyond,
seemed to make it his aim not to mention the and that this something was quite as real as
matter of main importance which he appar- anything else,- indeed more real, and so more
ently set out to speak of. If it were a story, important.
he did not tell it; if it were a situation, he If you get that point of view you can read
did not say what it was; if it were an atmos- his last novels. Many who read them felt that
phere, he did not describe it. He seemed to they were but infinitely refined and subtle
take for granted the very thing one would divagations about things not worth talking
have thought he meant to say.
This was
about. But looked at otherwise, viewed as
something many noticed, and it was explained attempts at making us feel the reality of
in various ways. It evidently lay deep in much that can never be given directly, they
James's manner of thought, in his way of were most impressive renderings of life. Take
looking at life.
“ The Golden Bowl,” for instance,-- here we
Why not say clearly and definitely what is have a very intense and poignant story of
the most important thing! Why, indeed! something that occurred in the lives of four
?
Who, we may ask, ever does, or ever can in people. Yet the real thing is never absolutely
life?
told; it seems as though it never could be
There are two ways of thinking of the told. Everybody seems to take it for granted
things of this life, and all of us think some-
as it goes on, and two or three times one or
times in one way, sometimes in the other. another says or does something that makes it
Sometimes we think of life as made up of a absolutely clear as day, or rather as clear as
vast number of particular beings who with though lit by a flash of lightning. But it is
their combinations and relations are all that never told; it is there, conditioning or mould-
there is to think of. There may be super- ing or making every act, every word, just what
natural beings, but as far as this world is it is, but it is never told. People may not like
concerned it consists of all sorts of individ- that sort of thing, but after all that is like
uals, — people, animals, stones, cells, electrons, life itself as we know --so like life itself
and whatever else we may think of,— exist that the book as one reads it seems the veriest
ing in all sorts of reactions and associations. transcript, and after one reads it the most
Such is a common enough view, but common consummate achievement.
also is another. We often think that there isTo do this sort of thing may or may not
a vague something beside all this. We think be great art, but it is certainly to view life
about ourselves that there is something beside in a certain manner. And that manner is
the grand total of our actions and reactions; quite different from the way the earlier gen-
we think about the combinations of things eration viewed life, the generation to which
that there is something beside the things com- Henry James, Jr., belonged. Henry James
bined; we think of the relations of one thing changed, it would seem; he remained in the
and another that there is something beside the present while his day receded into the past,
beings related, and the different phases made he remained still of to-day while that day be-
up by their interaction. Myself and your c came successively yesterday, the day before
self; family, church, country; love, honor, yesterday, and so on. For our day, our
patriotism; these and many other things we
l;
now is very different from that earlier
feel (or at least so we often say) are more period and mode of art. Henry James moved
than mere words.'
There is a
on ahead, not following the ideas of his times,
thing” really existent beyond the word. but aware of them and keeping well on in the
Such a statement in a nutshell of two well- / lead. New notions and new fashions appeared
known ways of thinking (and probably each and disappeared; he continued in his course.
9
>
some-


262
[March 16
THE DIAL
sities.”
And in time people got back to his line, and methods and held in a scholar's spirit’’; and
then they found him well in advance. He more particularly these opinions should not
had gone forward with other great minds of beechoes of opinion of the lay public or of
the time while we had been amusing our-
the individuals who endow or manage univer-
selves.
That was certainly a great thing to do, a
The public learns of "academic freedom"
great achievement. Few men of our time
when a professor loses his place, and the issue
have done anything like it.
is unpleasantly entangled with the conflict of
EDWARD E. HALE.
opinion and action between the scholar and
the more or less private interests of those
responsible for the action. In such issues,
with commendable vigor and unreserve, the
THE ACADEMIC CONSCIOUSNESS.
academic consciousness protests, and in recent
years protests to a purpose. High-handed
From the interesting collection of neglected overriding of these unwritten rights is no
commonplaces which modern enlightenment longer in favor; though from time to time,
cherishes in theory and disregards in practice under stress of private or political interests,
may be selected apt texts for public reminder. it is bound to occur. As a rule, the “ in-
The pertinent one * for the occasion is that terests" act more discreetly, and affect
*
professions must determine their standards opinion that is on its way to affect appropria-
from within and be responsible for the temper tions or endowments. It is eminently proper
and conditions of service; of such origin is that the first pronouncement of the "Ameri-
esprit de corps. The "American Association
can Association of University Professors”
of University Professors'' has been referred to
should furnish an authoritative statement of
(commonly by administrative officials of aca-
the rights and responsibilities of the profes-
demic institutions) as the “Professors' sion in this aspect of its public service. Vital
Union?'; the jibe may be transformed into a
as this issue is, it is but part of a principle
compliment. A growing academic conscious-
ness is responsible for the organization. The is this: that it is "unsuitable to the dignity
of wider scope. The true source of grievance
saving remnant of the esprit survives in the of a great profession that the initial respon-
sensitiveness of professors to any encroach- sibility for the maintenance of its professional
ment upon "academic freedom,” to any limi- standards should not be in the hands of its
tation of speech or professional activity. The
own members.”
cholar must be free to think and speak and
When the academic consciousness is fully
act by precept and example. Gagging is out awakened, it will proceed to the completion
of fashion; but tethering is still regarded as
of its programme, and to the removal of the
a useful device to check excursions into “un-
restrictions that beset the University career.
desirable” domains. The document defining Freedom of speech and security of tenure
the professors' conception of academic free- represent the first steps; the professor's fit-
“
dom and academic tenure” is a notable one;
as a bill of rights, it promises to acquire his- mined by the judgment of his peers. The
ness is to be judged and his advance deter-
toric importance. It sets forth the danger demand is explicitly made that his removal
that inheres in any suspicion that college from office shall follow only upon the verdict
and university teachers in general are a re-
of his professional associates. The same logic
pressed and intimidated class, who dare not requires that his election to office shall depend
speak with that candor and courage, which likewise upon a professional verdict: and such
youth always demands in those whom it is to
esteem.” It emphasizes that the professor, For in the actual status, the professor's opin-
a step has a far wider bearing than appears.
although with respect to certain external
ions, labors, and outlook are in danger of
conditions of his vocation, [he] accepts a re-
sponsibility to the authorities of the institu- being determined not merely by the phase of
tion in which he serves, in the essentials of control expressed by privately elected trus-
tees or publicly appointed regents, but more
is
wider public to which the institution itself is thority represented by presidents and deans.
wider public to which the institution itself is intimately and directly by the phase of au-
morally amenable.". The professor's opinions The immediate sense of accountability may
must be the funcolored product of his own
study or that of his fellow specialists”"; "they not be irksome, while yet it is hampering, and
should be conclusions gained by a scholar's in its morale depressing. For, like the more
obvious pressure from legal control, it is a
Apropos of the “ Report of the Committee on Academic rule imposed from without and not developed
issued by The American
from within. Deans and presidents are con-
Association of University Professors.
66
6
Freedom and Academic Tenure"
December, 1915.


1916]
263
THE DIAL
men.
spicuously useful officers of institutions of His services are too commonly thought of in
learning; but whatever be the source of their clerical fashion; and the consciousness of his
conspicuousness, their utility depends entirely subordination to higher officials and lay direc-
upon the manner in which their activities tors affects the estimate of his station, and
further the academic welfare of the institu- subtly weakens the significance of his posi-
tion. No body of men is as capable to judge tion and his utterances. For it takes but little
the value of measures designed to protect and friction to impede, but a slight roughness to
advance the intellectual interests as that re- dull the edge; not that the professor is a
grettably unorganized group spoken of as the sensitive plant, but that freedom is. The
Faculty. It should not be within the power academic declaration of independence is a
of the president to determine whether he document yet to be written. It will not be a
shall consult the Faculty or ignore it.
radical one; but it must be as plain and
There is but one adequate way in which the outspoken as this preamble upon academic
professional responsibility of the professor can freedom, which will bring to many the first
be safeguarded; and that is, to place in his intimation that the "American Association of
hands the maintenance of professional stand- University Professors" is an actual consum-
ards, which implies nothing less than his au- mation. The professor has become so accus-
thoritative participation in the control of the tomed to be trusteed and deaned and
institution upon which his career is intimately presidented that his initiative, like his prin-
dependent. Faculties must elect their deans ciples, is all tattered and torn. His social
and presidents, and not have them imposed sense remains; affiliated with his kind, and
upon them from without, even though the strengthened by reënforcements of encourag-
choice would frequently fall upon the same ing colleagues, his academic consciousness is
Faculties must determine what types certain to revive. The “Professors' union'
of functions deans and presidents shall is significant as an organized expression of
perform, so that with the leadership of the survival,— through years of needless ac-
their executives they shall express a joint quiescence in an unreasonable status quo- of
wisdom, with a singleness of purpose. These
These the academic consciousness.
steps in the programme may be remote;
JOSEPH JASTROW.
but indications of actual movements in that
direction are unmistakable. They are taking
the form of legislation to check the unfor-
LITERARY AFFAIRS IN PARIS.
tunate practice that has grown up unduly,
and divided academic opinion into adminis- RECENI LOSSES IN FRENCH JOURNALISM. THE
trative” and “ professorial” factions.
factions. The
REVUE DES DEUX MONDES" AND ITS MANAGE-
administration represents one type of interests
MENT.
and one cast of mind; it establishes a peculiar
(Special Correspondence of THE DIAL.)
perspective of the desirable and the expedient
from one end of the opera-glass; while the
Since the opening of the year, we have lost
here in Paris three remarkable journalists
professor (more loyal to optical principles)
inverts the instrument. The practical conse-
who were peculiarly interesting from several
quence is that the professor (in spite of his points of view. I refer to Mrs. Emily Craw-
ford, M. Francis Charmes, and M. Robert
outlook) thinks one way and votes another; Mitche Of the three, the woman was the
and his academic consciousness is dissociated
more rapidly than it grows together again. most picturesque, the most original, and more
The attitude of compromise is fatal, not be-
of this last characteristic does not mean that
cause expediency is always tainted, but
because it makes a sham of responsibility. As
it is to be considered a special honor; and in
certain directions she was unquestionably
a fact, the professor is encouraged or in-
structed or tempted to shift responsibility superior intellectually to her male confrères,
upon the administration, and will continue who, however, were men of no ordinary parts.
to do so until his official rights make it clear especially the former, between these journal-
The dissimilarities and the similarities, but
to him that, as a member of a respectable ists are worth pointing out, particularly as
profession, it is his duty to exercise the duties these differences and likenesses were not gen-
of his calling not merely by professing, but erally commonplace. Though Mrs. Crawford
by controlling the conditions of his profession. spent her whole adult life in Paris and knew
The world respects those who respect them- French exceedingly well, she never caught the
selves. The American professor can hardly French accent, and mingled with her spoken
be said to enjoy the social and public esteem French a bit of the brogue of her native Ire-
that attaches to his calling in other lands. land, which rendered her conversation as racy


264
March 16
THE DIAL
)
to the ear as it was to the mind. And her with her husband in all her more important
ways of thought were as foreign to France journalistic work, and it is to him that she
as was her tongue. With the years, she seemed owed her best training. In fact, it is impos-
even to grow more British and Irish. But sible to speak of Emily Crawford's career
Robert Mitchell, though his father was an without giving some space to George W.
Englishman and his mother a Spaniard, early Crawford. He was a man of marked ability.
became an out-and-out Frenchman. He fol- He began life as a barrister of Lincoln's Inn,
lowed for a time his profession in London, where he got to know intimately Thackeray,
which may account for his good command of who later took him as the model for George
English, especially spoken English, for he Warrington in “Pendennis”; there are, in-
quite forgot every thing Spanish, even his deed, many close resemblances between the
Spanish relatives; and finally all that was pressman of fiction and the pressman of Paris.
left of the foreigner in him was his name, and When the London “Daily News'' was founded
even here it was only his patronymic which by English Liberals as an offset to “The
was not French. “I only wish," he said on Times," from the very start Mr. Crawford
one occasion, “that my cognomen were as became its correspondent at the French capi-
French as my praenomen," and he would add tal, at a time when the newspaper correspond-
that his father once told him that, as the boy ent, especially the British, was very different
was born in France and might become a from the bright young man” type of to-day.
“
Frenchman, a Christian name which was the Dickens was his editor-in-chief and his friend.
same in both languages was purposely chosen. But the great novelist soon saw that he was
“If I had been baptized Cadwallader, or not meant for daily journalism, and, while
Eliphalet, or Humphrey, or Increase, I would retaining a financial interest in the paper,
promptly have dropped the abomination for retired. But Mr. Crawford remained at his
humble Jean, or Jules, or Jacques.”_In a post until his own death. Though not a uni-
word, Robert Mitchell was as typically French versity man, he was more scholarly than many
in thought, manner, and even dress, as Mrs. a don. He was especially versed in the Latin
Crawford was English in all these respects. classics. Virgil was his favorite author, and
But the Frenchman was Francis Charmes. he knew by heart whole passages of the chief
He was even almost a Frenchman of the old Latin writers. In his closing years, when I
school, and remained such to the end, though first made his acquaintance, he had the pecu-
he became a republican, of a moderate type, liar habit of borrowing school books on Latin,
however,-a " républicain vague," as a com- which he would examine with intense interest
mon friend put it. He even carried the trait in order to see if he could discover any new
into a total ignorance of all the modern lan- rules of grammar or construction. As a young
guages, except the vernacular, and a perfect man he had also read deeply of Dante and
indifference to foreign travel,- he who at- Tasso. “I have seen tears fill his eyes," his
tained high rank as an official in the French
Foreign Office, who won the grade of Minister said to me," on reading passages of Shakes-
son Robert, also a journalist of ability, once
Plenipotentiary, and thought for a moment
of entering the active diplomatic service; he peare, so keenly did he feel their beauties.”
who
It was with such a husband by her side that
an acknowledged authority in
France and beyond its borders on interna- Emily Crawford finished her newspaper
tional affairs, and who contributed not a little schooling, and she so well learned the lessons
that the venerable teacher was, as so often
by his pen to mould the foreign relations of
his own country and of Europe in general. happens, little by little thrown into the shade
And yet the short trips which he very occa-
by the bright pupil. “This my mother al-
sionally made abroad were confined to Aus-
ways thought unfair,” her son has said to me
since her death, for she would say, 'I owed
tria, Belgium, and Italy, and were, his brother
once told me, "little else than mere pleasure so much to his guidance, as his literary taste
was unerring and his erudition very great.
tours,” while the only modern tongue, besides
But I never detected in him a spark of literary
French, of which he had the slightest smat. jealousy of his wife, while she on her side
tering was English, which he could scarcely valued his style, which was pure and crystal-
read and which he never ventured to try to line, scholarly, and free from all ‘journalistic
speak.
humbug,' as somebody has said. It is too
I first met Mrs. Emily Crawford in the good for cheap daily papers,' my mother used
early summer of 1874. She was then in the
to say." And when Mr. Crawford died, early
prime of life, and was already known in the in the eighties, Mrs. Crawford succeeded him
newspaper world for her remarkably versa-
and represented in Paris “The Daily News"
tile qualities. At this time she was associated until only about ten years ago.
a
was
7


1916]
265
THE DIAL
ܕ ܕ
>
>
It was no easy task for a man to hold his Rue de l'Université, close his door to all visi-
own in the Paris group of Anglo-American tors, and, not once leaving his desk, slowly
journalists of those days; and for a woman to but without a stop fill sheet after sheet of
do so, with, in addition, three young children what was really the leader of that number of
to care for, was still more remarkable. For the periodical; and when the lunch hour came,
at that period Laurence Oliphant and de Blo- the copy was ready for the composing-room.
witz stood for “The Times, Richard White- Though, at the end, he reviewed what he had
ing for the New York “World," Theodore written, so clearly was the whole article fixed
Child was on the staff of “The Daily Tele- in his mind before he took up pen that the
graph,” William Henry Huntington was here changes made were as slight as they were few.
for the New York “Tribune," which, by the In fact, it was materially almost impossible to
way, Mrs. Crawford represented later; while make any, for never have I seen such fine
Hely Bowes was the news-gatherer of the old writing and the lines so close together as in
London “Standard” when it was a famous the manuscript of Francis Charmes's chron-
Conservative organ, Clifford Millage of “The ique. It is really a literary curiosity, so
Daily Chronicle”; Emily Blackwell of the curious in fact that I once asked him to give
famous Anglo-American family — she was the
-
me one of these manuscripts when it came
sister-in-law of Lucy Stone and the Rev. An- back from the printers. It is written on let-
toinette Brown Blackwell, and the sister of ter-size paper, ninety lines to the page and
Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell, and, I may add in some fourteen words to the line, so that each
passing, the first professor in journalism of written page contains about 1,200 words -
Emily Crawford before her marriage, — fol- the equivalent of about three printed pages of
lowed by Edward King, the correspondent of the “Revue.”
“
The chirography is clear,
“The Evening Post”; and last but not least, otherwise no printer would be able to decipher
Dr. John Chapman, editor of “The West- it without a magnifying glass; and even as it
minster Review, who then made Paris his is, the strain on the eye is very severe. A
home and who used to enliven our weekly further oddity in this connection is that in his
correspondents' dinners held in the old Hôtel ordinary correspondence M. Charmes's hand-
Brighton under the arcades of the Rue de writing was like that of everybody as regards
Rivoli (these gatherings were planned and the size of the letters. I once asked him why
conducted by Whiteing) with anecdotes of he wrote his press articles in this peculiar
Mill, George Eliot, Louis Blanc, Mazzini, fashion, and his answer, which was not ex-
Dickens, Herbert Spencer, and a host of other plicative, was, "Oh, it is a habit.'
celebrities whom he knew during the London The internal affairs of the “Revue des Deux
period of his checkered career.
Such were Mondes” have always been wrapped in con-
the chief figures -I may have overlooked siderable mystery. However, the capital of
some
of the English and American fourth the periodical consists of eighty-three shares
estate at the French capital about the time of 5,000 francs each, more than a third of
when Emily Crawford took over the respon- which is owned by the Buloz family. Their
sible duties of representing here a great Lon- value is far greater than the invested capital ;
don daily.
and at times, but this is not the case to-day,
In these same days Francis Charmes was
making his first efforts in Parisian journalism capital. The decline in the value of the shares
they have paid a dividend greater than this
in the columns of the venerable " Journal des is due to several causes, the first being the
“
Débats,” which had not then been ousted from mismanagement of Charles Buloz, the son and
its leadership among the afternoon papers by
successor, until 1893, in the editorship of the
the “Temps. But it was when he became
editor of the “Revue des Deux Mondes” that founder, François Buloz; and the second being
the general tendency in France today away
M. Charmes attained his highest honors in the from review reading. But the broader and
public press, for his work on this ponderous
more modern views of Francis Charmes were
I use the word in its earlier sense - periodical doing much to revive the material prosperity
was largely of a journalistic nature, as he of the periodical. “I am trying to get it back
always closed each number with a chronique, a where it once was,” he said to me one day.
review of the fortnight's events in the French
Another important factor in the manage-
and foreign world of politics and diplomacy. ment of the Revue” is the Committee of
And here one saw that Francis Charmes was Surveillance, which represents the share-
indeed a journalist. When the day came holders, and is composed of M. Paul Leroy-
round to give the printers the manuscript of Beaulieu, the celebrated political economist
this chronique, he would arrive rather earlier and member of the Institute, chairman ;
than usual at the office of the "Revue'' in the Comte d'Haussonville, of the French Acad-
>>


266
March 16
THE DIAL
6
>
emy, vice chairman; Mme. Bourget-Pailleron, And now, in closing, a final word about the
who, I may say, is not related to Paul Bourget, third of my trio of dead journalists,— Robert
but is the daughter of the author of "Le Mitchell. I knew him very slightly, for his
“
Monde où l'on s'ennuie” and the grand- Bonapartist proclivities and his implacable
daughter of
François Buloz;
Buloz; Vicomte opposition to the Third Republic, both as edi-
d'Avenel, who has travelled in the United tor and deputy, naturally did not tend to
States and whose first wife, an American, was awaken the sympathy of an American. But
burnt to death in the disaster of the Bazar all his friends and fellow-workers dwell on
de la Charité; and M. Aubry-Vitet, whose the kindliness of his disposition, which seems
family and he himself have long been con- to have been the most prominent feature of
nected with the “Revue’’ as shareholders and his character. That veteran of the Paris
contributors, a staunch monarchist, whose press, M. Gaston Jollivet, confirms in a note
daughter is married to Comte de Rohan- to me this statement; and M. Arthur Meyer,
Chabot.
editor-in-chief of the “Gaulois," where
Last month this board voted four to two Mitchell was the principal leader-writer for
in favor of M. René Doumic, of the French so many years under the signature of “L.
Academy, as M. Charmes's successor, and at Desmoulins,
Desmoulins," writes me apropos of his death:
the beginning of the present month this nomi- “In him I lose more than a contributor; it is
nation was confirmed at a general meeting of a comrade of all our staff who has passed
the share-holders. M. Doumic has been the away, the oldest member of the ‘Gaulois' cir-
regular literary or dramatic critic of the cle. He was so affable and agreeable, so easily
“”
"Revue" since 1893, and has had large ex- approached by all; and he possessed the gift
perience in editorship. He has travelled in of knowing how to make himself liked.” And
the United States, and was the first of those in a subsequent note, M. Meyer adds: “As
French professors who now lecture so fre- regards the French language, you know what
quently before our universities. It is highly a master he was of it. French and good
probable that M. Doumic will invite M. French he used both with his pen and in the
Charles Benoist, conservative deputy and rostrum.
member of the Institute, to continue as
THEODORE STANTON.
chroniqueur. He used to take M. Charmes's Paris, Feb. 25, 1916.
place when, at very rare intervals, the latter
was prevented from furnishing his article,
and he has been performing this duty during
CASUAL COMMENT.
the present interregnum, while M. Joseph
Bertrand, secretary general, has been acting
THE REWARDS OF BOOK-REVIEWING should
editor. And the doyen of the staff, who has
not, maintain the publishers, include any
served under every editor, gave me the other
day the following interesting souvenir of the pecuniary profit from the sale of the books
reviewed. On this vexed question some con-
founder:
“ I knew personally and fully appreciated the trasting utterances, editorial and from corre-
admirable qualities of François Buloz, who spondents, have lately appeared in "The Pub-
brought to the support of his new venture the lishers' Weekly," a periodical that naturally
élite of talents then rife in France, which he
sides with the manufacturers of books in
managed with tact and cleverness. I saw at work condemning their sale on the part of review-
the intelligence, taste, initiative, and energy of the ers, while from the latter's point of view such
man who was thoroughly imbued with the grandeur sale is not infrequently defended as a legiti-
of his enterprise, whose life was a continual labor mate transaction in an affair that is primarily
and a perpetual combat; who was one of those
commercial to all the parties concerned. Here,
wrestlers, born to be the founder of something,
who united in himself the most diverse faculties, right or wholly wrong, and a reasonable con-
as in most disputes, neither side is wholly
, a
and indefatigable attention to details. Such was
cession from each ought to bring about a
François Buloz, the creator of this periodical, modus vivendi. Neither offensive action on
which has had many imitators but no equal, whose the one side, in the way of stamping title-
fortunes were linked with the movements of the pages or otherwise rendering review copies
last century, a sort of State Institution, as Gam- unsalable (and perhaps also unpresentable),
betta said, an accredited organ of high intellectual nor excessive greed of gain on the other is
culture, bearing to every corner of the world the
commendable. Perhaps the course adopted in
language and the ideas of France. Though not
this matter by a certain reviewer intimately
himself a writer or a politician, not even
academician, the distinction of his life was to have
known to the present writer may be of interest
created one of the most influential and active if not also usefully suggestive in this con-
centres of politics and letters."
nection. Hundreds of books have passed
an


1916)
267
THE DIAL
ܐ
through his hands for review, and for some cipality to which her later fondest memories
time he was scrupulously careful not to offer always reverted; and she had no desire to
any of these for sale, contenting himself with change her lot by marriage - unless, as she
averting the threatened congestion of his fancifully added, she could be Queen of Rou-
bookshelves by giving away the best and most mania. As there was no such kingdom then
acceptable and making such room as he could on the map her declaration was equivalent to
for the others. But in course of time the a vow never to marry. But Prince Charles of
accumulation began to assume formidable pro- Roumania persuaded her in 1869 to become
portions, and a change of policy became neces- his bride, and twelve years later Roumania
sary. Therefore he adopted the practice of was made a kingdom and Elizabeth was
making his friends the recipients of as many crowned queen.
In her new life she had
books as he well could without annoying them, shown herself a loyal Roumanian, learning
of giving to the local public library a good the language of the country and spending
many of the remainder, with the suggestion herself and her private means in good works
that they be placed either on the shelves or for its benefit. In 1882 she was elected a
in the furnace or on the dump-heap, as might member of the Academy of Sciences of Buch-
best conduce to the public good, and of offer- arest, and soon afterward became known be-
ing for sale what were left. These were many, yond the borders of her adopted land as a
it is true, but he fixed a price that should not writer of poems, fairy tales, novelettes, and
bring about any suicidal cutting of rates in plays. Among her more important works are
the book-market, and if the dealer to whom he “Thoughts of a Queen,'' “Edleen Vaughan,
offered the lot refused to pay this price in “Shadows on Life's Dial,”! “A Real Queen's
any instance, the book was retained. If, as Fairy Book," and “From Memory's Shrine,
the publishers aver, the sale of a review copy the last-named being an informal and frag-
at a reduced price tends to lower the market mentary autobiography, published five years
value of the work, its free gift ought to have ago. Her first and most fondly cherished pos-
a still more disastrous effect. Who knows how session in the way of a novel, as she tells us
many sales were prevented by this reviewer's in that book, was “The Wide, Wide World”
giving away so many of his books to friends — “the only book in the least resembling a
and to the local library? But it would have novel which I was allowed to read while in
been unreasonable to expect him to cumber his my teens. I was so fond of it that I used to
modest quarters with hundreds of volumes of hide it under a chair whence I could fetch it
no surpassing worth, and he could not bring out and devour a few pages, in the hours
himself to destroy them. If his action in sell- when I ought, perhaps, to have been commit-
ing a part of his accumulated stock lost a few ting lines of Horace or Ovid to memory, or
dollars to the publishers, may not those dollars writing an essay on some period of Church
have been more needed by the reviewer? If history.' Heartbreaking sorrows in plenty
publishers have rights, so possibly have re- came to her in the course of her earlier and
viewers. Their work in passing judgment later life, and these it may well have been
upon and giving publicity to the products of that taught her to speak the language of the
the press is not richly rewarded. Not uncom- heart in poems and tales that have appealed
monly it is its own reward (with the books to a wide circle of readers.
themselves that have been reviewed), and not
even the satisfaction of having promoted the
HUMOR'S PLACE IN POETRY has not been rec-
circulation of a good book or retarded that of
a bad one will go far as a substitute for food ognized by all poets. While Chaucer, Shakes-
and raiment and shelter. When publishers peare, Burns, Tennyson, Browning, Lowell,
issue books out of pure philanthropy, review: Holmes, with many others dear to us, have in
ers will review them in the same self-denying varying degrees indulged in playful humor in
spirit.
their verse, an almost equally impressive list
of poets in our language includes no name
THE QUEEN-POET OF ROUMANIA, known in associated with this legitimate and, in its
literature as Carmen Sylva, a pen-name tes proper place, pleasing element of poetry. The
tifying to her love of song and of forests, died lofty Milton one never expects to see descend
on the second of this month in her seventy- (if it be a descent) to anything approaching
third year. Pauline Elizabeth Ottilie Louise, playfulness, though his two pieces of verse on
as she was christened, with royal profusion Hobson (the original of “Hobson's choice''),
of sounding names, was the daughter of Prince the university carrier, do exhibit a certain
Hermann of Wied and Princess Maria of gentle humor of their own. In the serious
Nassau.A simple and wholesome early life Wordsworth we find an occasional uninten-
seems to have been hers in the modest prin- / tional touch of the comie, notably in “Peter


268
[March 16
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6
Bell”; but beyond this, Wordsworth is em- amends for the imposed sacrifice of a ranker
phatically not a humorist. Neither Shelley actuality -- that of the improper Mr. Robin-
nor Keats, neither Rossetti nor William Mor- son, I mean, as to whom there revives in me
ris, neither Longfellow nor Bryant, was a the main question of where his impropriety,
humorist in verse. On this head the late in so general a platitude of the bourgeois,
Theodore Watts-Dunton had something inter- could possibly have dwelt. It was to be true
esting to say in his obituary sketch of Morris, indeed that Walt Whitman achieved an im-
now included in a volume reviewed elsewhere propriety of the first magnitude; that success,
in this issue. He writes: “It was this bois- however, but showed us the platitude return-
terous energy and infinite enjoyment of life ing in a genial rage upon itself and getting
which made it so difficult for people on meet- out of control by generic excess.
There was
ing him for the first time to associate him no rage at any rate in The Lamplighter, over
with the sweet sadness of 'The Earthly Para- which I fondly hung and which would have
dise.' How could a man of such exuberant been my first 'grown-up' novel — it had been
spirits as Morris --- so hearty, so noisy often, soothingly offered me for that — had I con-
and often so humorous have written those sented to take it as really and truly grown-up.
lovely poems, whose only fault was an occa- I couldn't have said what it lacked for the
sional languor and a lack of humour often character, I only had my secret reserves, and
commented on when the critic compares him when one blest afternoon on the New Brigh-
with Chaucer? This subject of Chaucer's ton boat I waded into The Initials I saw how
humour and Morris's lack of it demands, right I had been. The Initials was grown-up,
however, a special word even in so brief and the difference thereby exquisite .
a notice as this. No man of our time not More in the same vein, but too artistically
even Rossetti -- had a finer appreciation of elaborated (in the finest James manner) for
humour than Morris, as is well known reproduction here, awaits the reader who will
to those who heard him read
read aloud turn back to that very characteristic volume
the famous
Rainbow Scene' in 'Silas of just three years ago this month. Not only
Marner' and certain passages in Charles the intoxicating delights of one's first grown-
Dickens's novels. These readings were as up novel, but other bookish pleasures of child-
fine as Rossetti's recitations of ‘Jim Bludso' hood are there depicted. If the picture is by
and other specimens of Yankee humour. . no means such as the child himself could have
And yet it is a common remark, and one drawn or even remotely imagined, it is none
that cannot be gainsaid, that there is no the less interesting, and probably much
spark of humour in the published poems of more so.
either of these two friends. Did it never
THE MUCH-EDITED
occur to any critic to ask whether the anomaly
HORACE (also much
was not explicable by some theory of poetic translated and imitated, annotated and biog-
art that they held in common? It is no dis- raphized) has more editions to his credit than
paragement to say of Morris that when he all but a few of the world's great writers. In
began to write poetry the influence of Ros- fact, the editions are so many that Horatian
setti's canons of criticism upon him was enor-
scholars seem timid about venturing an esti-
mous, notwithstanding the influence upon him
mate of their number. Of manuscript copies
of Browning's dramatic methods. But while alone, complete or partial, there are about 250,
Rossetti's admiration of Browning was very though none of these is of earlier date than
strong, it was a canon of his criticism that the ninth century of our era. From the editio
humour was, if not out of place in poetry, a princeps of 1470 to the latest school edition is
disturbing element of it."
a period of nearly four and one-half centuries,
in which great classical scholars like Lam-
binus, Cruquius, Heinsius, Bentley, Kiessling,
EARLY LITERARY LIKINGS OF HENRY JAMES Müller, Wickham, and Schütz have lavished
are entertainingly described by him in his their learning and their critical acumen on
story of his boyhood, “A Small Boy and the poet's works and given to the world valu-
Others,” and they naturally have for us now, able editions of those works. Translators into
just after his death, an especial interest. Per English, from Sir Philip Francis and Lord
haps we are tempted to read into them a sig- Ravensworth and Sir Theodore Martin, to
nificance that they do not hold. He says in John Conington, Lord Lytton, Sargent, and
his seventh chapter: “An absorbed perusal Bennett, have been innumerable and often ad-
of The Lamplighter was what I was to achieve mirably skilful, though the Horatian special-
at the fleeting hour I continue to circle round; ist dismisses them all as falling far below
that romance was on every one's lips, and I the original in their attempts to translate the
recollect it as more or less thrust upon me in l untranslatable. Within the last few days


1916)
269
THE DIAL
there has come word from the Widener Li- when young, but Smollett; and that Hum-
brary at Harvard that a notable Horatian col- phrey Clinker, written in the last year of
lection, one hundred and five volumes in all, Smollett's life, is, in every particular of con-
has been received from the estate of the late ception, execution, and purpose, as much
William C. Williamson, Harvard '52, and is superior to Roderick Random as Don Quixote
soon to be placed on exhibition. Many valu- is to the Galatea.” Cervantes was probably
able editions of the poet are in this collection, fifty-seven or fifty-eight when the first part
notably an Aldine of 1501 and an Elzevir of of his great work appeared, and ten years
1676. Bequests of this sort to college libraries elapsed before it was followed by a second
are both of interest to the library world and part, which some critics rate higher than the
are likely to have an effect, however small, in earlier portion. But both Cervantes and
strengthening the resistance against the grow- Lockhart lived before Oslerism had wrought
ing tendency to abolish all classical studies. a change of mind on the subject of man's
prime. At any rate, there have been many
THE THREATENED PAPER FAMINE IN ENG-
modern examples of good work in literature,
LAND, by reason of the proposed prohibition including fiction, in the first flush of man-
An editorial in the
on imports of certain bulky and not immedi- hood or womanhood.
ately indispensable goods, such as wood-pulp, “Wisconsin Library Bulletin” voices the sur-
paper, and all paper-making material, natur- prise with which “some of us” learned that
ally causes apprehension among printers and Mr. Kipling had but recently crossed the
publishers in that country, and strong protest half-century line, his stories having been read
from the Publishers' Association and the and enjoyed from a time so seemingly remote
Master Printers' Association is to go, or
in the past as to have produced a vague
already has gone, to the President of the general impression of his comparative senility.
Board of Trade. Increased cost of pro-
The truth is, man's productive years seem,
duction in every department of publishing with the advance of medical science, of sani-
has been one of the inevitable results of tation, of domestic and public hygiene, and of
the war, and even with the importation of
a dawning perception of the significance of
paper unrestricted by government action eugenics, to have been extended at both ends,
the price of that commodity has prac- certainly at the latter end; and good work in
tically doubled; "and what it will reach if fiction, as in some other branches of litera-
the worst comes to the worst, says the ture, may be looked for in the entire half
"Times” in a tone of gloomy foreboding, century or more from the writer's legal ma-
“it is impossible to say.'
After predicting jority onward. Mr. Howells is still produc-
the effect on general publishing it further ing excellent fiction at seventy-nine, and Mr.
remarks: “The crisis is more serious still Kipling wrote some of his most striking tales
where educational books are concerned. It
in his early twenties.
will be a strange commentary on our war
against German Kultur if we adopt as one of A CALL FOR CHEERING LITERATURE comes
our weapons a prohibitive price on the educa- from the lately formed White Cross Union, a
tional apparatus of our own rising genera- society organized in London for giving spir-
tion.” American importations of books may itual aid, as the Red Cross gives physical aid,
be seriously affected. The same editorial to the wounded soldiers in hospitals. Lady
writer continues: “Unless the proposals be Lumb, 7 Langford Place, St. John's Wood,
modified many new books prepared for the London, N.W., is the presiding officer, and
spring are likely to be postponed, even by Princess Mary Karadja, 49 Onslow Gardens,
those publishers who ordered their paper in London, S.W., the secretary. In addition to
Thus it is that on every side and in gifts of money, annual membership subscrip-
every relation we
are confronted by some tions (two shillings and sixpence), and per-
baleful aspect of what threatens to become in sonal service, good books or other suitable
literal truth a world-consuming conflagration. reading-matter will be gladly received. In
fact, the sending of such matter is one form
THE NOVELIST'S PRIME OF LIFE, according to of personal service and entitles the sender to
Lockhart in his sketch of Cervantes, is not an associate membership in the Union. Even
early prime. Lockhart's own words are: “I more than for amusing or merely entertaining
shall conclude what I have to say of the author literature, there seems to be a present demand
of Don Quixote with one remark — namely, for what may in general terms be called up-
that Cervantes was an old man when he lifting or spiritually strengthening literature.
wrote his masterpiece of comic romance; that Miss Lilian Whiting, in a recent newspaper
nobody has ever written successful novels, communication, suggests that an occasional
و
time.”


270
[March 16
THE DIAL
comes
»
sermon by one of our recognized spiritual Warbeck” show her appreciation of the charm
leaders might be peculiarly helpful to a weak- of Eastern story,
ened and discouraged hospital patient, and
The group of English novels of avowedly East-
also that typewritten selections of special ap-
ern setting has long been a source of interest
propriateness from Emerson or any others of
to joyous readers. After the long series of pseudo-
Eastern "moral" tales, of which Dr. Johnson's
our great authors would be likely to carry
“Rasselas” and Maria Edgeworth’s “ Murad the
cheer and comfort to some hungry soul. Fur- Unlucky” are fair examples, Thomas Hope's
ther particulars and instructions may be “Anastasius, or The Memoirs of a Greek
obtained from the Princess Karadja's Amer- as a delightfully non-moral relief. Reminiscent of
ican representative, Miss Annie Halderman, “ Gil Blas” and the Abbé Barthélemi's “ Anachar-
whose present address is the Hershey Arms, sis,” “Anastasius” is a long narrative of the wan-
Wiltshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, California. derings of an unchivalrous Don Juan in Egypt,
Assyria, and Turkey. In 1824, only four years
after "Anastasius," appeared the first English
COMMUNICATIONS.
realistic Oriental tale, “ Hajji Baba of Ispahan.”
Its author, James Justinian Morier, had studied
Persia at close range. He knew the actual land
THE "6 ARABIAN NIGHTS " AND THE
of the Shah; he knew also the “Arabian Nights,"
ENGLISH NOVEL.
as he showed clearly in his later and more roman-
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
tic novels, “Zohrab, the Hostage" and "Ayesha,
The magic of Oriental story has lent charms to
the Maid of Kars."
poets of English, from the age of Chaucer to our The greatest novelists of the last century admit-
own ago of Kipling. Chaucer and Marlowe, ted their debt to the “ Arabian Nights." Sir
Southey and Coleridge borrowed beauty from the Walter Scott recorded his boyhood delight in these
wisdom east of Suez. The drama, the essay, and
and other Eastern tales; and he many times drew
the novel have known the influence of the mysteri- upon the “ Arabian Nights” for touches of
fous East. Concerning the special Persian influence color with which to adorn his Scotch novels. This
upon European literature in general, readers of sentence of tribute appears in the Dedicatory
THE DIAL have recently received a considerable Epistle prefixed to “ Ivanhoe”: “No fascination
amount of information from the pen of Mr. has ever been attached to Oriental literature equal
Charles Leonard Moore. Attention attracted by to that produced by M. Galland's first translation
his article may give value to the following group
of the Arabian Tales."
of notes concerning his subject in one of its
M. Victor Chauvin, in his " Bibliographie des
phases -- the relation between the thousand and ouvrages arabes," mentions Charles Dickens and
one stories of Scheherazade and the rodent-like Harriet Beecher Stowe as English novelists who
breed of English novels.
were influenced by the “ Arabian Nights.” Casual
Among the terror novels of the wild-oats youth allusions in several of Dickens's stories do indicate
of the Romantic Movement, “ The Arabian Nights that he read in childhood and remembered in man-
Entertainments " walked not so heavily as to leave hood two collections of Oriental tales, the “ Ara-
their trail conspicuous; on the other hand, it is bian Nights" and Dr. John Ridley's “ Tales of the
far from invisible.“ The History of the Caliph Genii.” Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield,
Vathek” is one unmistakable footprint. Horace owed the suggestion for his Alroy to Beck-
Walpole himself made use of the characters of ford's “ Vathek," or perhaps to the unpublished
the frame of the greatest of story sequences in episode of “Vathek” called “Al Roui.” Himself
his “Hieroglyphic Tales.". Published a year be- a native of Bengal, Thackeray was not especially
fore Henley's English edition of “ Vathek," Wal- susceptible to Oriental influences; yet he, too, like
pole's satirical stories show, rather than the influ- Dickens, read the “ Arabian Nights” in his boy-
ence of writers of Eastern tales in English, that hood and, when he came to write stories, sometimes
of the brilliant Oriental narratives of Count mentioned those persistent Eastern tales. Char-
Anthony Hamilton. Matthew Gregory Lewis, next lotte Brontë gives evidence that the “ Arabian
in importance to Walpole in the history of the Nights” were a source of pleasure and profit to
terror novel, derived the outline for his obscene the unusual little girl who was to write Jane
triumph, "Ambrosio, or The Monk," from one of Eyre" and "Shirley." Charles Kingsley, in "Al-
Richard Steele's presentations of “ Turkish Tales” ton Locke," pays repeated compliment to Lane's
in “ The Guardian.” And in his series of “Ro- “Arabian Nights." How many novelists of our
mantic Tales," Lewis borrowed Count Anthony own day would not, if they thought back to the
Hamilton's “Four Facardins," and made use of lazy hours of late childhood, smile an acknowledg-
characters from the “ Arabian Nights” for an- ment of the magic power of “ The Arabian Nights'
other story, “Amorassan, or The Spirit of the Entertainments "? Soon we shall discover Persian
Frozen Ocean.” William Godwin, in his “Lives influences in this year's best sellers, as we have
of the Necromancers," mentioned the “ Arabian already caught the incense of the “ Arabian
source of Oriental enchantments. Nights” in the tales of Francis Marion Crawford
Mrs. Shelley, the last and best of the novelists and that chief of story-tellers, Robert Louis
of terror, was considerably indebted to the Stevenson.
“ Arabian Nights” and to “Vathek"; passages in
ROBERT CALVIN WHITFORD.
" Frankenstein,” “ The Last Man,” and “Perkin University of Illinois, March 8, 1916.
Nights”
as
a


1916]
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66
a
SHAKESPEARE PROBLEMS.
haps be derived from the French " Jacques Pierre."
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
The author's pseudonym has the a long as in
“ take," and the middle s is part of the second
Dr. Tannenbaum, in your number of Feb. 17,
syllable, as is proved by the alternative “Shake-
attempts to reply to my letter in the issue of
Jan. 20. Although he does not hesitate to say that Ben Jonson's authority, - brandishing a spear at
speare.
The obvious derivation is supported by
,
I am not telling the truth, yet he does not indi-
ignorance.
cate where I am at fault, and I have no hesitation
E. BASIL LUPTON.
in adhering to my previous statements.
Cambridge, Mass., March 4, 1916.
The learned doctor's attitude reminds me of dear
old Dr. Furnivall, who used to get quite angry
FURTHER INTERPRETATIONS OF
when he saw nail after nail of modern reasoning
and research driven into the coffin of the man of
“ UNTENTED."
Stratford.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
Dr. Tannenbaum gives his case away when he I am not a Shakespeare scholar, and the sug-
admits that the body of the deposition in the gestion I make may be very naive. It would seem
Bellott-Mountjoy lawsuit and the signature are in to present itself at the outset of any inquiry, and
the same handwriting. The body of the deposition 'has probably been duly considered. It is simply
is always written by the law clerk, whereas the that untented is a misprint for “untended."
signature is written by the deponent, if he is The passage from "King Lear". quoted by Dr.
able to write. In this case the signature is written Tannenbaum in your issue of Jan. 20 — reads:
by the law clerk, and the mark (dot or cross is “ The untented woundings of a father's curse pierce
immaterial) is added by the illiterate deponent every sense about thee.” What is meant by
Shakspere.
" woundings" is any evil resulting from a father's
I am not aware that the actor's application for curse, disease, injury, misfortune of any kind.
a coat of arms has been regarded by Baconians What Lear wishes is that in her sufferings, mental
as evidence that he could not write the plays. My and physical, she shall find no aid, medical or
opponent gains some satisfaction by erecting an otherwise, and no sympathy.
imaginary argument, and proceeding to knock it I do not believe that Lear, in the tumult of his
down. However, the fact of the application was passion, would have thought of the niceties of
a subject of mirth at the time, as is proved by Ben medical practice. I think the critics are prone to
Jonson's play, and that it was regarded as incon- find deep or recondite meanings when Shakes-
gruous must count for something in the present peare's thought was in reality very simple and
controversy.
natural.
Dr. Tannenbaum appears blind to my point that
H. E. WARNER.
no amount of contemporary praise of the Shakes- Washington, D. C., March 4, 1916.
peare plays and poems can be regarded as evi-
dence of the authorship. If we examine the other
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
contemporary references, it is seen that many
I have been much interested in the communica-
persons were in the secret; for instance, the “ up- tions explaining the word “ tent" as used by
start crow beautified with our feathers” indicates Shakespeare and others, and have wondered that
the paltry actor strutting about decked out as a
no one has given the meaning of the word as used
dramatic author; and Thomas Nash's statement
in Yorkshire and also in Cheshire. I recall its use
that some leave the trade of noverint whereto
many times in my childhood, and always with the
they were born ” to write plays, is a hit at Bacon,
same meaning, - that is, “ hinder" or prevent":
a lawyer (“noverint meaning lawyer) and the
I will tent thee doing it," “ He tented me from
son of a lawyer, turning playwright.
it," etc., - always in the sense of “hinder.” In
Dr. Tannenbaum places absolute confidence in
Halliwell's “ Dictionary of Provincial and Archaic
the commonly accepted meaning of Ben Jonson's Words,” this is the first definition given.
When two clever men like Bacon and
The word is also used in Yorkshire in the sense
Jonson were composing the “Leonard Digges” of scare," or “ frighten," and many times in the
and other verses for the folio and the Stratford
sense of "guard”; but the first mentioned use is
monument, to put the public on a wrong scent, it
very common.
is not at all likely that the truth should be patent Whether any of these meanings can be applied
to the man in the street; but Dr. Tannenbaum may to the passage from “ King Lear" is a matter of
console himself with the knowledge that he errs
opinion. I certainly think that “the unhindered
in a goodly company, including quite possibly some
woundings of a father's curse," or “the unguarded
of the actor's contemporaries.
woundings," gives as good an interpretation as any
The theory that the Terence plays were the yet stated. Is it out of possibility to assume that
work of Caius Laelius, is dismissed by Dr. Tannen- King Lear meant that nothing could hinder the
baum with a sneer. A genuine literary student woundings of his curse from piercing every sense
would be interested to know what Cicero and other about Goneril?
contemporary writers tell us of the subject.
At least it may interest some to know that the
The Stratford actor's name Shakspere” has word “tent” is still in use in parts of England in
the a short as in "Jack," and the middle s is part | the same sense as given by Halliwell
.
of the first syllable, as may be proved by the alter-
EDITH S. MITCHELL.
native spelling “Shaxpere.” The name may per- La Grange, II., March 8, 1916.
64
verses.
6
66
"
"


272
[March 16
THE DIAL
ܙܕ
The New Books.
to the cordial relations that existed between
Watts-Dunton and so many of his celebrated
contemporaries, differing vastly among them-
WATTS-DUNTON AND HIS CIRCLE.* selves in temperament, yet all temperamen-
tally congenial to Watts-Dunton; - and as
A bore has been wittily defined as a person they, one by one, passed away, to him was
who wants to talk about himself when you
left the sad duty of giving to the world by
want to talk about yourself. The reason why far the most intimate picture of their various
it fell to the lot of the late Theodore Watts- personalities.” The writer thus continues :
Dunton to enjoy so many close and lifelong
“ There was obviously some subtle quality in
friendships with the poets and other notable Watts-Dunton's nature that not only attracted to
men of his time is, one suspects, very largely him great minds in the world of art and letters;
because he was so little eager to impress him- but which seemed to hold captive their affection
self upon them and upon the world as a poet, for a lifetime. Even an instinctive recluse such
or as a writer of any sort, and so generously as Borrow, a man almost too sensitive for friend-
appreciative of others' achievements in litera- ship, found in Watts-Dunton one whose capacity
ture. With but little of what would be called for friendship was so great as to override all
creative or imaginative work from his own
other considerations. Watts-Dunton was the
pen, we have in some abundance essays and
friend of friends' to Rossetti, who wished to make
sketches that have been prompted by the
him his heir, and was dissuaded only when he saw
that to do so would pain his friend, who regarded
lives and works of others; and it is with a
it as an act of injustice to Rossetti's own family.
recent collection of such occasional pieces During his lifetime Swinburne desired to make
that the present article will concern itself. over to him his entire fortune. The man to whom
“Old Familiar Faces” contains eight chap- these tributes were paid was undoubtedly possessed
ters of personal reminiscence originally con- of some rare and strange gift."
tributed to "The Athenæum” and intended Choosing for quotation a few of the remi-
by the author for republishing in book-form, niscent and personal passages in the book
though this intention was not carried out in rather than any of its literary criticism or
his lifetime. An anonymous friend has now purely bookish talk, let us present, first, the
done the work for him, and introduced the author's graphic description of Borrow in
volume with a pleasing and most welcome, his hale and hearty seventies:
though too short, account of the author, with
“As a vigorous old man Borrow never had an
some equally interesting passages concerning equal, I think. There has been much talk of the
the latter's thirty years' house-mate, the vigor of Shelley's friend, E. J. Trelawny. I knew
poet Swinburne.
that splendid old corsair, and admired his agility
The eight articles have to do with Borrow, of limb and brain; but at seventy Borrow could
Rossetti, Tennyson, Christina Rossetti, Dr.
have walked off with Trelawny under his arm.
Gordon Hake, Lord de Tabley, William Mor-
At seventy years of age, after breakfasting at
ris, and Francis Hindes Groome — in the eight o'clock in Hereford Square, he would walk
order here given. Except in the Tennyson ton, roam about Wimbledon and Richmond Park
to Putney, meet one or more of us at Roehamp-
and Hake chapters, the author shows that he
with us, bathe in the Fen Ponds with a north-
writes with the intimate personal knowledge east wind cutting across the icy water like a razor,
of old friendship, but in all there is the run about the grass afterward like boy to shake
genial glow of cordial understanding and ap- off some of the water-drops, stride about the park
preciation. In Tennyson we
made for hours, and then, after fasting for twelve hours,
acquainted with the poet rather than, as eat a dinner at Roehampton that would have done
would have been peculiarly agreeable and
Sir Walter Scott's eyes good to see. Finally, he
more in harmony with the general tone of
would walk back to Hereford Square, getting home
the book, the man and friend. In Dr. Hake,
late at night. And if the physique of the man
a considerably older man than Watts-Dunton, to be suffering from one of his occasional fits of
was bracing, his conversation, unless he happened
a
in fact, almost exactly coëval with Tennyson, depression, was still more so. There is a kind of
we see the friend of George Borrow rather humour the delight of which is that while you
than the friend of the writer. A record of smile at the pictures it draws, you smile quite as
friendship, however, the book mainly is, from much or more to think that there is a mind so
first to last; and it strikingly illustrates, whimsical, crotchety, and odd as to draw them.
among other truths, that though things equal This was the humour of Borrow."
to the same thing are equal to one another, These and other pen-strokes depicting the
friends of the same man may not be friends
“Romany Rye" are, we feel, not only vivid
of one another. The preface calls attention but true to life; for the writer was conscious
of qualities in himself that made it possible to
* OLD FAMILIAR Faces. By Theodore Watts-Dunton.
break through the other's reserve and gain an
are
"
Illus-
trated.
New York:
E. P. Dutton & Co.


1916]
273
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66
intimate knowledge of him such as probably A few pages later there occurs a surprising
no one else could claim. Few were the friends because so unexpectedly depreciatory, if not
that Borrow thus took to his heart, but those contemptuous, reference to Longfellow. The
few realized how lovable was his nature, writer's genial manner and charitable judg-
with all its angularities — how simple and
- how simple and ment had not prepared one for the slur he
courageous, how manly and noble."
puts upon our best-loved poet. After point-
In the next portrait sketched by the au- ing out the two obvious classes of poetry, the
thor's deft hand occurs the following touch popularly appreciated and the kind that ap-
of quiet humor, prompted by the publication peals to a more cultivated taste, he says that
of Rossetti's letters under Dr. George Birk- "of the one perhaps Byron is the type, the
beck Hill's editorship. Rossetti's friend says: exemplars being such poets as those of the
" It is a sweet and comforting thought for every Mrs. Hemans school in England, and of the
a
poet that, whether or not the public cares during Longfellow school in America." To rate
his life to read his verses, it will after his death Longfellow no higher than “the Mrs.
care very much to read his letters to his mistress, Hemans school,” whatever the undeniable
to his wife, to his relatives, to his friends, to his popularity of his “Psalm of Life" and other
butcher, and to his baker. And some letters are earlier (with possibly some later) poems, does
by that same public held to be more precious than
others. If, for instance it has chanced that during be excused only on the supposition of unac-
not show the soundest of judgment, and can
the poet's life he, like Rossetti, had to borrow thirty be excused only on the supposition of unac-
shillings from a friend, that is a circumstance of quaintance with the poet's work as a whole.
especial piquancy. The public likes - or rather As a final extract from this assemblage of
it demands — to know all about that borrowed familiar portrait studies, let the following on
cash. Hence it behoves the properly equipped the too early death of William Morris be
editor who understands his duty to see that not given :
one allusion to it in the poet's correspondence is
“ It is difficult not to think that the cause of
omitted. If he can also show what caused the
poet to borrow those thirty shillings –
if he can
causes of his death was excessive exercise of all
by learned annotations show whether the friend
his forces, especially of the imaginative faculty.
in question lent the sum willingly or unwillingly, of such a life of tension as his, he pooh-poohed
When I talked to him, as I often did, of the peril
conveniently or inconveniently - if he can show
whether the loan was ever repaid, and if repaid look at those wise owls your chancellors and your
the idea. · Look at Gladstone,' he would say;
when - he will be a happy editor indeed. Then
he will find a large and grateful public to whom judges. Do n't they live all the longer for work?
the mood in which the poet sat down to write. The
It is rust that kills men, not work.' No doubt he
Blessed Damosel' is of far less interest than the
was right in contending that in intellectual efforts
mood in which he borrowed thirty shillings."
such as those he alluded to, where the only faculty
One of the too few personally reminiscent prodigious amount of work may be achieved with-
a
touches in the Tennyson chapter relates to a
out any sapping of the sources of life. But is this
conversation with the poet on nightingales,
so where that fusion of all the faculties which we
wherein the author claimed an ability to dis-
tinguish one nightingale's note from another's true imaginative production there is, as De Quincey
call genius is greatly taxed? I doubt it. In all
,
among a number of his favorites along the pointed out many years ago, a movement not
banks of the Ouse. “And if this infinite of the thinking machine' only, but of the whole
variety of individualism,” he concludes, "is - the whole "genial' nature of the worker —
thus seen in the lower animals, what must it his imagination, his judgment, moving in an evolu-
be in man? Then he continues :
tion of lightning velocity from the whole of the
“There is, however, in the entire human race,
work to the part, from the part to the whole,
a fatal instinct for marring itself. To break down together with every emotion of the soul. Hence
the exterior signs of this variety of individualism when, as in the case of Walter Scott, of Charles
in the race by mutual imitation, by all sorts of Dickens, and presumably of Shakespeare too, the
affectations, is the object not only of the civiliza-
emotional nature of man is overtaxed, every part
tion of the Western world, but of the very negroes
of the frame suffers, and cries out in vain for its
on the Gaboon River. No wonder, then, that
share of that nervous fluid which is the true vis
whensoever we meet, as at rarest interval we do vita."
meet, an individual who is able to preserve his Portraits of all the leading characters in
personality as Nature meant it to live, we feel an
attraction toward him such as is irresistible. Now Borrow and Lord de Tabley, are appropri-
the book, including the author but excluding
I would challenge those who knew him to say
whether they ever knew any other man so free ately inserted. A Rossetti líkeness of Mrs.
from this great human infirmity as Tennyson.
Morris—“the most lovely woman I have ever
The way in which his simplicity of nature would known, declares the author serves for a
manifest itself was, in some instances, most re-
frontispiece.
markable."
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
6
6
6
man
6
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museums
THE ACCEPTABLE YEAR OF THE LORD.* movies that there is a continence even beyond
sculpture and that seas of realism may not
The manner of the first half of Mr. Vachel have the power of a little well-considered
Lindsay's "The Art of the Moving Picture" elimination." The Church also, in her own
befits the subject. You might expect as much way, will "avail herself of the motion pic-
from a literary gent and a movie fan. The ture, wholeheartedly, as in medieval time she
“gentle and kindly," "dear and patient" took over the marvel of Italian painting.
''
reader of the benevolent and enthusiastic But all this is as nothing in comparison with
author's mingled and kaleidoscopic succession what follows:
of information, gossip, comment, fancy, criti- “ The scientific
distribute routine
cism, exhortation, and prophecy leaves off pamphlets that would set the whole world right
with his brain as full of confusion, flickering, on certain points if they were but read by said
and fever as it is after the five-reel show, world. Let them be filmed and started. Whatever
which lasts, according to this book, one hour
the congressman is permitted to frank to his con-
and forty minutes. The manner of the other stituency, let him send in the motion picture form
half befits the age and the optimistic public
when it is the expedient and expressive way.
“ When men work for the high degrees in the
for which it is written.
universities, they labor on a piece of literary con-
In the second half, Mr. Lindsay, who writes spiracy called a thesis which no one outside of the
with Springfield, Illinois, as a background, - university hears of again. The gist of the research
“a photoplay paradise” where “the spoken work that is dead to the democracy, through the
theatre is practically banished" (most of us university merits of thoroughness, moderation of
live in paradises of the sort, and the rest statement, and final touch of discovery, would
are on the way)—in the second half, Mr. have a chance to live and grip the people in a
Lindsay limits himself mostly to the role of motion picture transcript, if not a photoplay. It
would be University Extension. The relentless
progressivist and prophet. Having classified
fire of criticism which the heads of the depart-
the photoplay into Action Film, Intimate
ments would pour on the production before they
Film, and Splendor Film, further defined as
allowed it to pass would result in a standardiza-
Sculpture-in-motion, Painting-in-motion, and tion of the sense of scientific fact over the land.
Architecture-in-motion, suggesting respec- Suppose the film has the coat of arms of the
tively red (hot), blue (colder and quieter), University of Chicago along with the name of the
and yellow (the hue of pageants and sun- young graduate whose thesis it is. He would
shine-not the consecrated yellow of every-
have a chance to reflect credit on the university
day speech), he draws aside the curtains of even as much as a football player.”
the west and discloses the rainbow-lighted Surely, after this there is no further need
future. The reader who came to be informed of justification for
of justification for “ the fourth largest indus-
remains to be inspired.
try in the United States, attended daily by
For, even now, the art of the moving pic- ten million people, and in ten days by a hun-
ture is all but a substitute for the saloon. dred million, capable of interpreting the larg-
“The things they drank to see, and saw but
est conceivable ideas that come within the
grotesquely, and paid for terribly, now roll range of the plastic arts."
before them with no after pain or punish-
Mr. Lindsay's enthusiasm grows greater
ment.” This seems to mean that the moving with each successive demonstration of the
picture is a cheap and convenient substitute splendiferous effect of the moving picture
for delirium tremens. It sounds plausible. upon future civilization. By the time his
But that isn't all. The moving picture is space runs out, he is able clearly to descry in
going to be a substitute for, or at least a vari- the before-mentioned rainbow-lighted vistas
ant upon, all sorts of long-winded and obscure The Acceptable Year of the Lord. He thus
text and reference books. Along with other entitles his concluding chapter, which reaches
its climax in this exalted strain :
changes, “there will be available at certain
centres collections of films equivalent to the “ Scenario writers, producers, photoplay actors,
Standard Dictionary and the Encyclopedia endowers of exquisite films, sects using special
Britannica.” Still further, the moving pic- who are taking the work as a sacred trust, I bid
motion pictures for a predetermined end, all you
ture is suggested as a new medium for the
you God-speed. Let us resolve that whatever
new sect of poets, called the Imagists,” of
America's to-morrow may be, she shall have a day
whom “all the world is talking." The that is beautiful and not crass, spiritual, not ma-
Imagist photoplay will put discipline into the terial. Let us resolve that she shall dream dreams
inner ranks of the enlightened and remind deeper than the sea and higher than the clouds of
the sculptors, painters, and architects of the transfigured with her statesmen and wizards and
>
66
heaven, that she shall come forth crowned and
By Vachel Lindsay.
saints and sages about her, with magic behind
New York: The Macmillan Co.
her and miracle before her.
* The Art OF THE MOVING PICTURE.


1916)
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1
“Pray that you be delivered from the tempta- He has triumphantly arranged his many
tion to cynicism and the timidities of orthodoxy. varied trophies with careful design in a vast
Pray that the workers in this your glorious new hall, which he calls “The Modern Study of
art be delivered from the mere lust of the flesh
Literature.”
and the pride of life. Let your spirits outflame
your burning bodies.
To one without at least speaking acquain-
“ Consider what it will do to your souls, if you
tance with Professor Moulton's previous work,
are true to your trust. Every year, despite the inclusiveness of this book is almost stag-
earthly sorrow and the punishment of your mortal gering. But the author explains at the out-
sins, despite all weakness and all of Time's re- set that this is the synthesis of at least six
venges upon you, despite Nature's reproofs and
different volumes, representing the thought
the whips of the angels, new visions will come, of more than forty years. And when one
new prophecies will come. You will be seasoned
spirits in the eyes of the wise.
compares the present book with these former
The record of
your ripeness will be found in your craftsman-
ones, he observes how the author has merely
ship. You will be God's thoroughbreds.
condensed, rearranged, expanded his source, -
in this case himself. Morphology, evolution
of the various types, literary criticism, litera-
“ It has come then, this new weapon of men,
and the face of the whole earth changes. In after
ture as philosophy and art, — all these are
centuries its beginning will be indeed remembered.
treated from the standpoint of world litera-
“ It has come, this new weapon of men, and by
ture and its place in our culture. All in all, ,
faith and a study of the signs we proclaim that
the result is a most impressive guide to the
it will go on and on in immemorial wonder." study of literature.
We have felt all the time that the Accept-
Fortunately, a book is not like the prover-
able Year would come some time, and soon.
bial chain, - it may be far stronger than its
There have been so many prophets, and so weakest part. Otherwise, many thoughtful
many inventions of the means of grace. But readers would not give Professor Moulton due
we never looked for it in this way. We always credit for his achievement as a whole. In this
thought it would come by way of Efficiency, case, the weakest part is his championing of
or Legislative Enactment (Progressive, of inductive criticism. As far back as 1885, in
course), or the Wisconsin Idea, or some move- his “Shakspere as a Dramatic Artist," he
ment like the Civic Centre, or possibly postum launched this theory; and in 1889, Mr. J. M.
or peanut butter or pedagogy, or some other Robertson, in his “Essays toward a Critical
such complex thing. And yet here it comes Method," quite demolished it. But Professor
in the Art of the Moving Picture. So true Moulton stands by his guns with real heroism.
is it at great things are invariably simple. Through almost a quarter of the whole vol-
GRANT SHOWERMAN. ume, he hurls the same bombs at us, while
they explode nothing but themselves. It is,
nevertheless, important to see how they have
A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO THE STUDY cleared the air.
OF LITERATURE.
“The paradoxes of criticism have," he says,
To very few men is granted the achieve-
come to be enrolled among the curiosities of
ment of a systematic structure embodying the literature.” The "law underlying fluctua-
results of productive scholarship. Most of us
tions of literary judgements .. is the continu-
laborers in the literary field add our few
ous triumph of creative literature over the
researches to the body of knowledge: we
criticism that has opposed it. Traditional
re-examine a great writer or some feature of criticism is a thing of confusion because its
his work; we study a type or a period; we
foundation has been built upon the sand."
write the history of one literature, or (if our
Judgment is prejudice,- that is, in the terms
name happens to be Saintsbury) we may
of Hogarth, everyone is a judge of painting
attempt the history of two. Few of us, prob- except the connoisseur. Therefore Professor
ably, feel the need or the desire,— few have Moulton concludes “that art is made legiti-
the ability, the time, the daring,- to range
mate by refusing to obey laws." A "fault"
over wider areas. But Professor Richard G. is merely a “unique effect." Therefore “the
Moulton is one of the chosen who has hunted result” of applying standards to art "has
indefatigably up and down the length and been a critical chaos.”
breadth of areas whose confines lie beyond the
There is something sadly familiar about all
vision of most. He has started game often- this, particularly in our own time; but it
times from obscure or unsuspected coverts.
does not generally come from persons of Pro-
fessor Moulton's learning and intellectual
An Introduction to
power. The obvious difficulty with such a
Literary Theory and Interpretation. By Richard Green Moul-
ton. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
position is that it does not recognize either
>
THE MODERN STUDY OF LITERATURE.
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66
he
>
the facts of literary history or the constitu- Interpretation,
Interpretation," — "the whole conception of
tion of the human mind. The history of ‘merit,' value,' “higher and lower,' is inher-
judicial criticism” is far more than “the con- ently judicial
ently judicial and outside science—such
tinuous triumph of authors over critics": it comparisons of merit tend to paralyze lit-
is just as much the advance of critics over erary conception.” Valuing, it seems, must
critics. Moreover, his contention that “Shak- be thrown out because it takes place in a falli-
spere criticism has been a series of retreating ble human mind. But how about the substi-
attacks” is an astonishing contradiction of tute,- so-called interpretation? Is this not
the facts; and by implication he elevates also the product of a fallible human mind,
stray derogatory remarks about Spenser and and therefore subject also to error? To take
Milton into wholly false importance. But a perfectly typical example, is Professor
more fundamental and unescapable are the Moulton's division of the book of “Ecclesi-
facts of human nature and the mediums of astes” into five essays, prologue, epilogue, etc.,
human expression. In his defence of Shake- valid as a botanical classification is valid ?
speare, Spenser, and Milton, in his very attack This particular division of his is plausible
on judicial criticism, he is uttering judg- and, as we happen to believe, admirable; but
ments himself in a perfectly regular and we have a right to cast the same book into
inevitable way. In trying to escape from judi- quite different literary form. "Interpreta-
cial criticism his only way is by using judi- tion” does not, then, remove the probability
cial criticism. Thus the despised instrument of a personal error.'
says to him, “When me you fly, I am the Now our author has unquestionably ren-
wings.” In such a predicament, Professor dered great service by emphasizing the
Moulton has good reason to say, "the idea of necessity of our approaching a piece of litera-
measuring still clings to us"!
ture with minds as free as possible from
But how shall we answer his contention prejudice. He insists that we should study
that “in no field of thought can be found any this work of art to find out all it reveals
considerable body of discussion which pre- about itself. And in these days we need the
sents such a mass of inconsistencies, contra- special admonition to study details only for
dictory positions, advancing and retreating better appreciation of the whole. Then,
argument, as in the history of literary criti- strangely forgetting that he has damned
cism since the Renaissance”? The obvious judicial criticism irrevocably, Professor Moul-
answer comes to us from the defenders of ton declares that when we have read a book
philosophy: truth and standards of judg. to see what it says, in a spirit of " friendly
ment can be reached only by the conflict of hostility," "we can proceed to estin of
opposing opinions through the centuries. But value without risk of misjudgement”! And
the simple and final answer to Professor at the end of the book we read: “In all that
Moulton's whole attack is the constitution of has been said there is nothing derogatory to
human nature which makes judgment of val- the idea of judicial criticism,” and “Nothing
ues instinctive, involuntary, inevitable. Our that has been said is hostile to the use of
author, on the contrary, explains that "the a priori reasoning in the discussion of litera-
popular craving for judgement rests partly ture"! After a few statements like these we
on this fallacy of values, and in part is the rub our eyes, and wonder if we merely
product of our history in which accident dreamed those hundred pages which dispose
[italics ours) at one time made classical art of judicial criticism as
of judicial criticism as “chaos," "shifting
,
a fixed standard by which everything else sands,” and the greatest enemy of art. But
could be measured.”
judicial criticism, we learn, may gain inde-
“This fallacy of values" Professor Moulton pendent value as literature by revealing an
cannot endure. For relief he turns joyfully interesting personality. This, then, becomes
to what he calls inductive, or interpretive, “subjective criticism." Professor Moulton
criticism. Here at least is the grand refuge again blurs his terms here. We can only be
from the shifting sands of judgment; here is thankful that he did not reprint the state-
the pure light of scientific observation, dis- ment in the pamphlet just alluded to, that
pelling the darkness of chaotic valuations. “the critical writings of Matthew Arnold are
"Inductive criticism has in its favor . . the valuable, not because they are true, but be-
fact that inductive science is drawing all cause they throw light on Matthew Arnold."
fields of thought to itself.” Such a method Thus is Matthew Arnold dumped into the
merely discerns and notes distinctions, but same pile with Lamb and Hazlitt!
does not assay them. As he says in the The fundamental error in this reasoning is
widely used University Extension pamphlet now apparent. It is essentially a consequence
entitled “Literary Criticism and Theory of of the prevalent philosophy of flux, and is more


1916]
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or less directly a result of the old romantic mula, on almost every page; few scholars can
revolt which did not substitute principles for show equal insight into so many forms of
the rules which it discarded. In his theoreti- literature.
cal formulations, at least, Professor Moulton With all its extreme and erroneous posi-
illustrates beautifully the two manifestations tions, “The Modern Study of Literature"
of the age in which we have lived for over commands admiration for the sheer daring
three generations,— naturalism and impres- and the completeness of its range. It is
sionism. In the one, scientific observation “humane" in its method and inspiring in its
replaces judgment; and in the other, individ- results. The crowning work of a long and
ual and more or less irresponsible reaction useful life, it points the way to the best in
drives out a common literary conscience. We literary study.
do not mean that Professor Moulton stands
J. PAUL KAUFMAN.
personally for this insidious relativity; but
that by discounting judgment and by exag-
gerating temperamental differences in men,
INTER ARMA CARITAS.*
his theory supports the pervasive lawlessness
which threatens to undermine our whole If any remnants of human wisdom survive
thought. Neither a theory of criticism nor a the era of murder and hysteria through which
philosophy of life based on eternal change the world is now passing, it will be universally
can satisfy our intellectual and spiritual recognized that one great task must take
needs.
precedence over all others, the task of inter-
On only one other important point shall nationalism. Somehow, and soon, the ideal of
we quarrel with Professor Moulton. In his
In his human fraternity must be brought to prevail
endeavor to keep our eyes steadily on the over the outworn creeds of nationalism and
literary work itself, he arbitrarily shuts us off individualism. In that remote past of less
from the assistance of biography and history. than a score of months ago, we prided our-
If he means that “the greatest disturbing selves that progress had been made on that
force to the pure study of literature is biog- road, and that certain seemingly powerful
raphy," then the method which finds its high- influences -- Christianity, Socialism, the com-
est expression in Sainte-Beuve is valueless. ity of literature and art and science - were
If, according to Professor Moulton, our pri- working on our side. What a ghastly jest
mary concern is to find out what the author
now seems that belief! Almost with the first
has said, to grasp the form in which he has call to battle, we saw all the basic tenets of
written, how is it possible to understand the Christianity flouted and denied by the great
"Romance of the Rose,” much of the Bible, majority of its followers,- its Master de-
and the Elizabethan drama, without knowing graded to the office if a regimental chaplain,
the social milieu which gave them birth? In blessing the men and weapons that went forth
spite of the dangers of being sidetracked, to violate His injunction, “Thou shalt not
most of us will seek all the biographical and kill!” We saw international Socialism,
historical light that we can get.
founded in the faith that the workers of all
Passing now from these points at issue, we
nations are comrades in a common cause, go
find Professor Moulton's work as a whole so
down like a house of cards, its adherents as
splendid in its sweep, so stimulating, that we
ferocious as any in the work of mutual exter-
scarcely know how to characterize its excel- mination. We saw the intellectuals of every
lence. Without trying to appraise him as one
country, - poets, novelists, philosophers, scien-
of the large influences in American literary tists, all who labor to keep alive those impar-
study, we may remind ourselves of his pio- tial fires that light and warm the spirit of
neer and epoch-making work in "The Modern
man in its upward struggle,— we saw these
Reader's Bible,” the method of which he sets
consecrating their gifts to the fostering of
forth in the volume before us.
hatred and bitterness, selling their intellectual
We owe to
him significant emphasis on “world litera- birthright for the pottage of a recruiting ser-
ture as a unit of study. He has given us, as
geant. And for those who still hold faithful
no one before, a dazzling array of charts and things — no less than the bloody interminable
to the vision of human brotherhood, it is these
diagrams illustrating relationships of the most
varied kind.
And he prevents these from harvest of the machine gun, the broken hearts
becoming rigid and mechanical, and so mis- and ruined lives, the desolated towns, the
representative, by insisting on the endlessly of tragedy in these black days.
starving millions — that over-run the cup
varying combinations of elements in actual
examples. Few writers, moreover, can give
us happy allusion, illustration, brilliant for-
With an Introduction by C. K. Ogden.
Chicago: The Open Court Publishing Co.
+ ABOVE
the Battle,
Romain Rolland.
Translated from the French of


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March 16
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But the cause of internationalism, though French traditions more just, than M. Rol-
for the moment defeated, is far from being land's; his crime, in the eyes of his country-
crushed. The very disaster which seems to men, is that he refuses to hate wholeheartedly,
overwhelm it will yet prove its mightiest ally, and to renounce all allegiance save that to the
for it will unseal the sight of even the dullest- French cause. But to M. Rolland, the tragedy
witted to the utter impossibility of going on of this war is the tragedy of humanity as a
with the old system of sectional rancours and whole. He believes that “each of the nations
jealousies and misunderstandings which has is being menaced in its dearest possessions
resulted in this cataclysm. From every cor- in its honor, its independence, its life.” His
ner of Europe are beginning to be heard the heart goes out to the young men, not of his
voices of those who believe with Jaurés that own country only, but of all countries, who
“the need of unity is the profoundest and immolate themselves upon a common altar.
noblest of the human mind,'—those who will “O young men that shed your blood with so
not be swept off their feet by the whirlwind
generous a joy for the starving earth! O heroism
of popular passions, who will not hate their of the world! What a harvest for destruction to
fellows at the command of government or
reap under this splendid summer sun! Young
press, who will not turn traitor to their own men of all nations, brought into conflict by a
ideals in the hour when those ideals are in
common ideal, making enemies of those who should
direst peril.
be brothers; all of you, marching to your death,
are dear to me. Slavs, hastening to the aid of
Of these free and firm spirits of Europe, your race; Englishmen fighting for honor and
the foremost is Romain Rolland, whose scat- right; intrepid Belgians who dared to oppose the
tered writings on the war are now brought Teutonic colossus, and defend against him the
together and published, in adequate trans- Thermopylæ of the West; Germans fighting to
lation, under the title, "Above the Battle. defend the philosophy and the birthplace of Kant
Readers of “Jean-Christophe" will recall the against the Cossack avalanche; and you, above all,
prophecy in that book of the present débâcle, my young compatriots, in whom the generation of
heroes of the Revolution lives again; you, who for
and know with what earnestness M. Rolland
years have confided your dreams to me, and now,
has striven to rouse the young men of Europe
on the verge of battle, bid me a sublime farewell."
to a realization of their danger. Aware of And as a complement to this, let us quote
the gathering tempest, he prepared himself to
one more passage, which we of this country
meet it; and while it has raged, almost alone
now need to take to heart even more than
among the intellectual leaders of the day, he
those for whom the words were written :
has kept his moral integrity without taint of
“ While the war tempest rages, uprooting the
compromise, in the face of calumny and insult strongest souls and dragging them along in its
unstinted. From the neutral ground of furious cyclone, I continue my humble pilgrimage,
Switzerland, where he gives the greater part trying to discover beneath the ruins the rare hearts
of his time to the beneficent work of the who have remained faithful to the old ideal of
Agence internationale des prisonniers de human fraternity. What a sad joy I have in col-
guerre, he looks down upon the battle with lecting and helping them!
spirit purged of hatred, endeavoring to
“I know that each of their efforts - like mine –
understand and to make his fellows under-
that each of their words of love, rouses and turns
stand its significance and its lessons.
against them the hostility of the two hostile camps.
The combatants, pitted against each other, agree
We have said that M. Rolland has suffered
in hating those who refuse to hate. Europe is like
insult and calumny at the hands of his coun- a besieged town. Fever is raging. Whoever will
trymen. Worst of all, he has been condemned not rave like the rest is suspected. And in these
without a hearing. For nearly a year, as he
hurried times when justice cannot wait to study
tells us, “no one in France could know my evidence, every suspect is a traitor. Whoever in-
writings except through scraps or phrases ar-
sists, in the midst of war, on defending peace
bitrarily extracted and mutilated by my reputation, his friends, for his belief. But of what
among men knows that he risks his own peace, his
enemies.” But these scraps and phrases were
value is a belief for which no risks are run?
sufficient to show that he had not surrendered
“ Certainly it is put to the test in these days,
his ideals and his intelligence, that he refused when every day brings the echo of violence, injus-
to be blindly implacable toward the enemy, tice, and new cruelties. But was it not still more
and so the hue and cry was roused against tried when it was entrusted to the fishermen of
him. The time is surely coming when every Judea by him whom humanity pretends to honor
generous Frenchman will blush with shame still — with its lips more than with its heart? The
at the memory of such treatment accorded to
rivers of blood, the burnt towns, all the atrocities
of thought and action, will never efface in our tor-
the man whom France should most honor.
tured souls the luminous track of the Galilean
No indictment of German militarism could be barque, nor the deep vibrations of the great voices
less compromising, no praise of the noblest which from across the centuries proclaim reason as


1916)
279
THE DIAL
a
re-
.
man's true home. You choose to forget them, and THE WRITINGS OF JOHN QUINCY ADAMS.*
to say (like many writers of today) that this war
will begin a new era in the history of mankind, a The first volume of Mr. Ford's edition of
reversal of former values, and that from it alone the “Writings of John Quincy Adams,
will future progress be dated. That is always the
language of passion. Passion passes away. Reason
viewed some time ago in THE DIAL (May 16,
remains reason and love. Let us continue to
1913), covered the first twenty-eight years of
search for their young shoots amidst the bloody
Adams's life, from 1767 to 1796. In the lat-
ruins.
ter year Adams, commissioned by President
"I feel the same joy when I find the fragile and Washington as Minister to Portugal, was still
valiant flowers of human pity piercing the icy crust at The Hague, where he had been for two
of hatred that covers Europe, as we feel in these
years Minister Resident. He did not enter
chilly March days when we see the first flowers
upon this Portuguese mission, however, for
appear above the soil. They show that the warmth
of life persists below the surface of the earth, that father, President John Adams, appointed him
before he could leave for that country his
fraternal love persists below the surface of the
nations, and that soon nothing will prevent it
Minister Plenipotentiary to the Kingdom of
rising again.”
Prussia. He reached Berlin on November 7,
There is little in all this which a recruiting 1797. On his journey from the Netherlands
sergeant or a leader-writer would find to his
to his new post he went to London; and there
purpose; but the spirit embodied in these on July 26, 1797, he was married to Louisa
lines is one that shall yet redeem mankind, Catherine Johnson, of a distinguished family
and make of the earth something nobler than of Maryland. A delicate portrait of this lady,
an abattoir.
made in this year by Barber, is placed at the
Those who read about the war for the pur-
front of the second volume. The Prussian
pose of feeding their prejudices and nourish-
mission lasted until 1801, when Adams was
ing their hatreds will find small sustenance
recalled by his father and returned to the
in M. Rolland's pages.
Their spirit is as
United States. The second volume closes with
remote from the great mass of war literature
this change in his affairs.
The five years,
as a star is remote from the sputtering gas-
1796-1801, which it covers, coincided roughly,
lights of a city. No saner counsel has yet been
as to American history, with the last year of
heard above the turmoil of the conflict. Here the presidency of Washington and with the
is a book which proves that the tradition of administration of John Adams; upon the con-
Goethe and Carlyle is not yet dead, - that
tinent it witnessed the progress of Napoleon's
at least one man lives in the world who can campaign in Italy, the Peace of Campo For-
speak out with something of their eloquence d'état of Brumaire, and the war against the
mio, the Egyptian expedition, the coup
and their wisdom in behalf of the eternal
claims of humanity.
Coalition, to the Peace of Amiens.
For the finer spirits of Europe there are two
The documents which make up the third
dwelling-places: our earthly fatherland, and that volume disclose activities no less varied. In
other City of God. Of the one we are the guests, 1801, Adams resumed the practice of law in
of the other the builders. To the one let us give Boston. The next year he was elected to the
our lives and our faithful hearts; but neither Senate of Massachusetts, and failed of elec-
family, friend, nor fatherland, nor aught that we tion to the national House of Representatives.
love has power over the spirit. The spirit is the This defeat was compensated for when, in
light. It is our duty to lift it above tempest, and February, 1803, Adams was elected to the
thrust aside the clouds which threaten to obscure Senate of the United States. Two years later
it; to build higher and stronger, dominating the
injustice and hatred of nations, the walls of that he was appointed to the lately founded Boyl-
city wherein the souls of the whole world may
ston Professorship of Rhetoric and Oratory in
assemble."
Harvard University. Because Adams had
WALDO R. BROWNE.
pursued in the Senate a course displeasing to
Federalist Massachusetts, in 1808, another
Mr. Max Beerbohm has written a preface to a
person was chosen to succeed him, whereupon
posthumous collection of the critical essays by he resigned his seat and prepared to devote
Dixon Scott, who lost his life in the Dardanelles his entire time to his professorship and to the
while serving as a lieutenant in the Royal Field practice of law. But President Madison, in
Artillery. The volume is entitled “Men of Let- due recognition of this important acquisition
ters” – including studies of Meredith, Browning, from the Federalist ranks, soon nominated
William Morris, Rudyard Kipling, Sir J. M. Adams as Minister to Russia, and after a pre-
Barrie, Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells, Arnold liminary failure the appointment was con-
Bennett, Henry James, and Sir W. Robertson
Nicoll — and will be published, with a frontispiece THE WRITINGS OF JOHN QUINCY ADAMS.
Worthington C. Ford. Volumes II to. V, 1796-1816.
portrait, by Messrs. Hodder & Stoughton.
York: The Macmillan Co.
66
Edited by
New


280
[March 16
THE DIAL
>
firmed. He left Boston in August and, after of what he saw and heard in Europe: his
experiencing no little trouble with British and comments on the course of the war on the con-
Danish cruisers, he reached Norway in Sep- tinent are highly instructive. But of par-
tember and St. Petersburg in October, 1809. ticular interest to American readers of the
From St. Petersburg were written several present day is the account which he gives of
letters found in the latter part of the third the peace negotiations at Ghent, and of his
volume, all those contained in the fourth activities in Great Britain in the early part
(which covers the years 1811-1813), and a few of 1816. Almost the last letter in the fifth
of those in the fifth.
volume, written from London, is concerned
About the end of April, 1814, however, with the relations of the United States to
Adams departed from St. Petersburg for Spain. Thus we are brought to the develop-
Gothenburg in Sweden, where with the other ment of the Florida matter, with which
commissioners appointed by the Government Adams later had so much to do. For the
of the United States he was to enter into nego- account of this we must await the publication
tiations looking toward the termination of war of the succeeding volumes.
between Great Britain and his own country.
ST. GEORGE L. SIOUSSAT.
These negotiations were removed, however, to
Ghent—a change of which Adams's judgment
disapproved, but which he accepted. He ar-
RECENT FICTION.*
rived at Ghent on June 24, 1814, continued
there until January 2, 1815, and then travelled There have always been women among the
by way of Brussels to Paris. The latter city novelists,- sometimes of the best, sometimes
he had not visited since his stay there as a of the most popular,— from the days of Mrs.
boy in 1785. Though he had been appointed Behn, Mrs. Manley, and Mrs. Heywood. They
in February Minister to Great Britain, the
were, in the early days of the English novel,
news of this new honor had not reached him, as widely read as anyone else, perhaps more
and he was still in Paris when the Emperor widely. "A century later and now about a
Napoleon entered the city upon his return century ago, three women were among the
from Elba. Shortly after this, Adams went notable workers in the field, — Miss Austen,
to London and took up his residence in the Miss Edgeworth, and Miss Ferrier. Miss
country at Boston House, Little Ealing. The Austen has long had a secure place among the
last letter of the fifth volume is dated March
few immortals; Miss Edgeworth is still re-
31, 1816, when Adams was still at this place. membered and read, and in her own day had
Of widest interest, perhaps, are the letters the distinction of suggesting to Sir Walter
written by Adams to his father and mother, Scott 'that he should try to do what she had
to his wife, to his brothers, and to friends who done; Miss Ferrier, in spite of great apprecia-
were regular correspondents, especially Wil- tion in her time, has slipped from sight.
liam Vans Murray, Rufus King, Timothy One would not select Miss May Sinclair,
Pickering, William Plumer, and W. H. Craw- Miss Ellen Glasgow, and Mrs. Gertrude Ather-
ford. In the third volume is included a series ton as the three representative woman novel.
of political letters published under the pen
ists of the present day, and yet all are well
name of Publius Valerius. Here Adams ap- known and widely read. They group them-
pears as the sectional New Englander and the selves together now, only by the chance of
party man, exhibiting a point of view much publishing books at about the same time. Yet
modified after his breach with the Federal- if not the chief women among the novelists
ists. To a surprising degree he kept in close of to-day, they are certainly representative
touch with the course of party politics in enough to allow a comparison to run through
America, even when he was himself separ-
the mind for a moment.
ated by the Atlantic from active participa-
One would at first say, How times have
tion in them. The dispatches which he wrote changed! Here we have nowadays a detective
from his various diplomatic posts, to the sev- story, a story with an idea, a character study,
eral Secretaries of State under whom he where a hundred years ago we had simply
served, are weighty documents, always of high those pictures of life and manners that seemed
value for the history of the period when the
to Sir Walter so well worth while, and of
neutrality of the United States, as at the pres-
which the best are so interesting to-day. Or
ent time, was under great strain from the else we might say, What different women!
violations of it by the belligerent powers, and THE BELFRY. By May Sinclair. New York: The Mac
for the yet darker years in which the United
By Ellen Glasgow.
States was a combatant. His capacity for Doubleday, Page & Co.
close observation made him a skilful reporter
Mrs. BALFAME. By Gertrude Atherton. New York: Fred.
millan Co.
Life AND GABRIELLA.
New York:
erick A, Stokes Co.


1916)
281
THE DIAL
Imagine this modern business woman, this we often forget it. People remember very lit-
club-leader and society-woman, not to say tle of the stories of Dickens and Thackeray in
this rebel against the conventional life of the comparison with their people. So, indeed, it
cathedral close; compare them with those is with Miss Sinclair herself; almost every-
rather prim young ladies of the earlier, body remembers the poet in “ The Divine
Georgian days. It is not worth while to pur- Fire,'' but few, I fancy, remember the story
sue the parallel ; a suggestion is enough to in which we were so interested when we first
show that there is much in the books of one read it. So it will be, perhaps, with “The
time that is characteristic. We must not make Belfry": it has an idea, as is indicated by
too much of it. They had novels with an idea its title; it has an atmosphere, at the end at
a hundred years ago; Miss Ferrier, for in- least, that of the tense and fervid days of
stance, wrote one called “Marriage." I do August, 1914. And these things may have
not remember it in the least, but I doubt not been more interesting to Miss Sinclair than
that her view was very different from Miss anything else; certainly every one should have
Glasgow's. They were as intent on character his eye open to them. But the thing that
then as now,
indeed, I think more so; Mr. stands in one's mind is this man Jimmy, as
Collins and Mrs. Bennet are still delightful. he is commonly called. He is a striking per-
I do not remember any detective stories; sonage; the mind in vain says that he is im-
though there were mysteries perhaps as deep possible, that there has never been any such
as that of the Long Island town unravelled wonderful master of fiction and the drama
by Mrs. Atherton.
and everything else, that it is simply an in-
I am more struck by the other difference vention of Miss Sinclair's that one could so
as I think of an earlier date. Those books calculate beforehand and so perform. Those
at least those by Miss Austen, Miss Edgeworth, facts (as probably they are) seem to lose sig-
Miss Ferrier - were more alike in method nificance in the view of this tense, concen-
and intention than are these. They were all trated person who seems unlike anybody we
novels of manners, all views of the world ever saw, and yet very natural as well. He
around those keen-eyed ladies which they was a reporter bent on being a great man of
thought would be interesting to those about letters; of a vivid, excited energy when he
them. These three books are very different was himself; bent on success, calculating his
from each other. Miss Sinclair's is a picture chances with an infernal omniscience (espe-
of a character, a temperament, that reminds cially of things other people give up, such as
one of her first success, “ The Divine Fire.” women, the future of books, and so on); de-
Miss Glasgow's is the realization of an idea termined to have this or that in three weeks
which perhaps she has had in mind ever since or six months, and finally attaining inordin-
“ Virginia. Mrs. Atherton, with her rang- ate success. He was to the ordinary eye
ing view, has hit upon the idea of writing a something of a freak, rather vulgar (he never
detective story which should illustrate some of got over some things): but there was another
the foolishnesses and weaknesses of American side to him, he had a grave tenderness, an
democracy.
unselfish delicacy of feeling, an immediate
Miss Sinclair has been eminently successful, comprehension of things that were fine. In
and that in a way in which many of the nov-
fact, in the main a man who was spiritual (if
elists of our day entirely fail. She has suc- one word will do it) in that he cared only for
ceeded in creating character. Her people are
Her people are what are now somewhat vaguely called the
not merely the abstractions demanded by the things of the spirit.
plot; they have a “real” existence, as we
we To create such a personage is no slight mat-
are apt to say; they make for themselves ter, but Miss Sinclair goes a bit further. This
about all the plot there is. They are simply man and the other lesser figures who group
a group of people, and we follow out the story themselves around him, — the woman who first
because we are interested in them and want understands him, the man who reports his
to see what they will do. In the long run the career perhaps without understanding even at
ability to do this sort of thing is the great the end,- they embody somehow a view of
gift in fiction; no power as a story-teller, no life, a way of looking at life that is stimulat-
gift at portraying manners or atmosphere, will ing and that arouses us out of our accustomed
keep a book alive so long as a vital character. modes of thought in an effort to get at what
People remember characters and talk about is worth while. Perhaps they did not them-
them; they remain in their mind. Strangely selves wholly attain it, — there is certainly no
enough, character alone does not seem to be systematic evolution of an idea; but even if
able in itself to carry us through a book; we they did not, we may get it perhaps better
want a story. But after we have had the story than any one of them did. This man who at
:
>
>
-


282
[March 16
THE DIAL
:
first had the specific power to see what was tion (left to us if we choose) is not always to
worth seeing in the Belfry of Bruges, and be got at. With Miss Glasgow we never miss
who afterward seemed to lose himself in pre- the idea : we always feel clearly that women
occupations as to social relations with the like men must make their own lives (whether
county and the possibilities of a new automo- as dress-makers or otherwise), and not drift
bile, — did he keep his hold on the essential along as chance and men may will or allow.
things? Such a question and others come to We always have that, but we rather miss the
mind as we follow the complications and de-effective reality that we should like to have
velopments of his career. But the main thing too. It is not that Miss Glasgow lacks the
is rightly done; and however it was with ability to describe, — to present people or situ-
him, we feel that we see in his life something ations; she has a considerable gift in such
that made it worth while to put that life things. One feels rather that one is following
before us.
a preconceived idea rather than being shown
Miss Glasgow is a bit more definite. We some of the strangely complex workings of
should find it hard to say whether she had the human spirit.
first in mind Gabriella or the idea that Gab- Mrs. Atherton's book seems something of a
riella finally gained from her experience of new departure, at least for her. On the face
life. We rather think the latter." Virginia, of it, it is a pure detective story. A woman
a few years ago, was the story of a woman is driven to plan to murder her husband;
whose life appeared a failure because it had then her husband is murdered; then every-
been too definitely moulded by old ideas, set- body takes hold in the effort to unravel the
tled by forces that were no longer effective in mystery, with a result which (of course) is
the world to-day. Virginia was true to the highly unexpected and natural. It may be
conventions of a passing era, and could not that Mrs. Atherton was merely trying her
really live on into the new atmosphere of a hand at a form of literature in which some
changing world. Gabriella is a different striking successes have been attained. It is
woman. She is a product of the same era, is more likely, however, that with her mystery
born and brought up in the same conventions, and its solution well in mind Mrs. Atherton
but she gets away from them or (more ex- was a good deal interested in a curious mat-
actly) is gotten away •from them and forced ter suggested thereby,— namely, the singular
to live in new conditions and keep alive in way in which democracy deals with crime.
new currents of existence.
She has written a good deal about all sorts of
Whatever be the fact of creation, the result phases of American life, and would be rather
in impression seems clear enough. We feel likely to see an opportunity in such a topic.
the thing that Gabriella does more distinctly Whatever she saw, the thing is more or less
than we feel Gabriella herself. She is a South- there — the case tried by the community led
ern girl, living in “ reduced circumstances by an earnest band of reporters for the New
in Richmond, taken from the South to New York papers. That is a curious study, and
York by an emotional marriage and stranded worth a little thought. There is, further, a
there to make her own way in the world. She suspicion that Mrs. Atherton may feel that she
makes her way, makes a life for herself as a is portraying a great character, a character
modern business woman, looks out successfully really great in spite of the insignificant cir-
for herself and successfully brings up her cumstances in which it exists; she invites com-
children. Accompanied all along by a vague parison with that stock horror Medea. But
dream of past idealism, she finally attains a whatever there be, it has eluded me, or else
surer reality and a more logical reward. The I have not been clever enough to get it. I do
idea seems the main thing, and hence there is not feel the “ woman and the glory that
a certain hardness of touch in the presentation seem to be alluded to in the motto; nor does
of character. All this may be in keeping: Mrs. Balfame seem terrible in her story. But
Miss Polly says of Gabriella that there was that it is a minor matter; if she is terrible,
always a hard streak somewhere down in her, then so much the better for the readers.
and that she got no softer; and she says her- Take it all in all, I feel that Miss Sinclair
self that if she had been soft she would is the one who has really made the hit. What-
have long been broken. But it is not really a ever the charm in a good story, whatever the
question of hardness of character or hardness fascination in the real appreciation of ideas to
of touch. It is rather a question of whether the life of to-day, neither has quite the excit-
we have here a generalization from life or a ing thrill of that contact with actual life itself
rendering of a bit of life itself. With Miss that one gets, or feels one gets, in a set of good
Sinclair, as has been said, we have a rendering characters.
of an impression so vivid that the generaliza-
EDWARD E. HALE.


1916]
283
THE DIAL
ܕܕ
ܙܙ
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
ions, with skilfully interwoven shreds of
personal experience, all strung loosely on a
In the volume, " The Greek Tra- thread of narrative that helps to hold the
Essays in the
reconstruction of dition, (Macmillan Co.), Mr. attention and enhance the interest. Of Father
ancient thought. J. A. K. Thomson presents eight Payne himself, admirably conceived and
.
papers, with the captions: “On an Old clearly and consistently presented, we are told
Map,'? “Thucydides, “Greek Country he was not “a perfect character, with a
Life,” “Alcestis and Her Hero," "A Note tranquil and effortless superiority, or with a
"
on Greek Simplicity," “Lucretius," "The high intellectual tenacity, or with an unruf-
Springs of Poetry,” and “Some Thoughts on fled serenity.
fled serenity. He was sensitive, impatient,
Translation.” With these is included a play- fitful, prejudiced. He had little constructive
let, "Mother and Daughter," dealing with capacity, no creative or dramatic power, no
the Persephone myth. Unfortunately, there loftiness of tragic emotion.
But he
is no such unity in the work as is implied by was vital, generous, rich in zest and joy,
the general title; but the sub-title, “Essays in heroic, as no other man I had ever known.
the Reconstruction of Ancient Thought, He had no petty ambition, no thirst for rec-
would have been fairly descriptive of the ognition, no acidity of judgment. He never
contents, if our author had omitted the arti- sought to impress himself: but his was a large,
cles on “Lucretius” and “Translation,” affectionate, liberal nature, more responsive to
which have a very doubtful value in any case. life, more lavish of self, more disinterested
Now one is always grateful to a writer who than any human being that had crossed my
essays to approach old problems with a new path. He had never desired to make dis-
torch in his hand; and on this ground Mr. ciples—he was not self-confident or self-
Thomson deserves our thanks. There is a dis- regarding enough for that. But he had con-
tinctly stimulating atmosphere of freshness tinued to draw us all with him into a vortex
about most of these pages. It is a pleasure of life, where the stream ran swiftly, and
to view Heracles in the “Alcestis” as a where it seemed disgraceful to be either list-
“komic” hero, or to trace the kinship of the less or unconcerned.” With such a character
poet with his primitive forbears. It is de- as leading figure, and with others more or less
lightful to sympathize with old geographers, cognate and sympathetic, and with an author
or to share the thought and feeling of the of Mr. Benson's wealth of thought and sug-
Greek dweller in the country. And yet one gestion to develop these several characters and
would hesitate to recommend the volume ex- record their utterances, how could the book
cept to classical scholars who are in a posi- fail to please?
tion to check the author's contentions by their
own knowledge and investigation. However,
The recent coronation of the
most other readers will be warned off by the
123rd Mikado of Japan has
general title, although it ought to be most of Japan.
stimulated interest in that
attractive; so we need not worry on that score.
unique imperial line. A real opportunity for
Readers of the prescribed type will enjoy the
research and critical appraisement was af-
book; but will always be under arms.
forded to some scholar to study the influence
of the Mikados throughout the entire history
Not only by a strong general re- of Japan. But it cannot be said that Dr.
High discourse
semblance in thought and style, William Elliot Griffis has made the most of
but also by innumerable little this opportunity in his latest volume, “The
self-betrayals in such details as favorite sole- Mikado: Institution and Person” (Prince-
cisms and tricks of expression, does the anony-
ton University Press). First of all, the work
mous book, “Father Payne" (Putnam), is entirely uncritical. Two quotations indi-
)
declare itself to be from the same pen that cate the point of view. The dedication reads:
wrote “The Upton Letters," "Beside Still "Believing, with all loyal Japanese, that the
Waters,” and the many other volumes of that glory of Japan's triumphs in peace and war
agreeable series with which Mr. Arthur is due to 'the virtues of the Mikado's ances-
Christopher Benson has for the last dozen tors,' each one of whom was the son of
years or more been enriching our literature. Adam, the son of God,' the author dedicates
Through the medium of Father Payne, a this work to all lovers of truth in Everlasting
genial and cultivated layman who has gath- Great Japan." And later we note: “In the
ered half a dozen young and devoted disciples vista of the twentieth century, how vast the
about him, and of other characters in the changes! . . The supreme influence in the
book, the author gives free and full utterance transformation has been that of the Man of
to a multitude of his own thoughts and opin- | Peace, Mutsuhito, Emperor of Divine, Uncon-
The ruler
on many
themes.
6
6
:
66


284
[March 16
THE DIAL
6
Babylonian
querable Everlasting, Great Japan.” Al- but rather of discovering the peculiar quality
though it seems too much to expect Japanese of every one of these men and of the special
scholars to scrutinize over-carefully the impe- revelations of human life which he makes.
rial traditions and myths, yet a foreign The only common trait he finds in all of them
scholar should assert a reasonable indepen- is a fearless love of experience that brings
dence. Dr. Griffis does set aside the prehistoric beauty out of terror and significance out of
claims, yet he falls into almost as unrea- pain; the Russian pessimism of which so much
soned glorification of the late Emperor. It
It has been written means no more to this critic
detracts little from the high opinion in which than other catch terms, for he keeps his eye
we may hold Mutsuhito to recognize that he so fixed upon the concrete facts of expression
was, after all, human, and that he was most that he finds no importance in a general term
fortunate in the advisers whom he gathered that ignores all specific differences in the
around him. The present volume, therefore, works of art it groups together. He studies
contains a brief résumé of Japanese history accurately and fully Tolstoi's novels and re-
before the accession of Mutsuhito in 1867, à ligion as mutually inter-active, just as he
fuller account of the early years of his reign, interprets Tourgeniéff's relation to the social
many interesting details about his life and revolutions of his time as conditioning the
character, but, unfortunately, a very brief characters in “Fathers and Sons,” “Rudin, '
account of his later years, when his influence and “Virgin Soil.” Carrying his analysis
must have been at its height. Throughout, back into folk-lore and forward into modern
the author maintains a personal note, throw journalism, Prince Kropotkin brings to his
ing into relief the period of the early seven- subject a large comprehension much to be
ties, when he was in Japan. But a more
desired in every writer of such a handbook;
serious over-emphasis lies in the undue impor his method results in turning every reader
tance attached to the foreign teachers and of his lectures to some of the many transla-
advisers,— Dr. Verbeck, for instance, being tions of Russian novels, tales, and plays
mentioned more often than Prince Ito, the
therein described.
greatest of Japanese statesmen, and non-
American advisers are rarely included. How-
The sweep of
Explorers, excavators, and de-
ever, notwithstanding certain inaccuracies in
cipherers have staged in the
details, and the other features already men- civilization.
Mesopotamian valley one of the
tioned, many readers will find this contribu- most marvellous civilizations of ancient times.
tion distinctly interesting and suggestive. Seventy years have sufficed to resurrect, from
the ruinous mounds and wastes of that valley,
Under the new title of "Ideals peoples and cultures that have already revo-
A Russian
and Realities in Russian Litera- lutionized our interpretation of ancient his-
ture,” Mr. A. Knopf reissues tory. Professor Jastrow's “The Civilization
Prince Kropotkin's Lowell Lectures of 1901, of Babylonia and Assyria” (Lippincott) aims
originally published in 1905 as “Russian to present a popular survey of the civiliza-
Literature. The reprint is not a new edi- tion which arose in the Euphrates valley in
tion, for the matter and even the paging is
the dim twilight of history, and to sketch its
identical in the two volumes; yet the value growth and vicissitudes down through time
of the book is so genuine that the critic ac- almost to the Christian era. It is an ambi-
cepts it with no more than a passing wish tious scheme of an intrepid scholar. The task
that into the bibliography, at least, might has been fairly successful. Of the eight chap-
have been introduced some notes of recent ters into which the large volume is broken up,
publications in the field. Prince Kropotkin the second, on the “The Decipherment of the
accepts quite evidently, though perhaps sub-Cuneiform Script,” and the fifth, on “The
consciously, Tourgeniéff's philosophy of art: Cults and Temples of Babylonia and Assy-
“A truly talented writer is the condensed ria,” are the least considerate of the popular
expression of life”; and consequently he does reader. In these chapters the author discusses.
not fall into the easy abstractions which so many details that have no interest for the lay
often lighten work for our own critics. He reader, and will tempt him to drop the book.
refuses to classify his poets and novelists as The freshest chapter is that on “ Law and
'realists," “naturalists, “romanticists”;
Commerce,
where large use is made of the
and he studies Gogol, Tolstoi, Tourgeniéff, " Code of Hammurabi" and the contract
Goncharov, and their various followers, with tablets which have been found by the thou-
the aim not of appraising each man's place sands from the earlier periods of Babylonian
in a scale of Slavic values, or even the con- and especially Sumerian history. The volume
tribution of each to the definition of Russia, 'is tastefully and appropriately illustrated by
on Russian
literature.
:
ܕ ܕ
ܕܕ
ܕܕ


1916)
285
THE DIAL
recollections of
seventy-eight plates, which add greatly to the of the social sciences and history, and of the
interest that will be aroused by the text. Tak- physical and natural sciences; the function of
ing text and illustrations together, we have the college as distinct from other institutions
here, without doubt, the best single volume of learning; the college as a preparation for
,
yet issued on the nations who for about three professional study and for practical affairs;
thousand years occupied the Babylonian valley. and the present status and probable future of
the college in various sections of the country.
A very interesting study of the Among the speakers were President Faunce
Canadian ideals
Canadian people and their prob- of Brown, Professor Shorey of Chicago, Dean
and problems.
lems, internal and external, is Haskins of Harvard, President Thwing of
furnished by Miss Agnes C. Laut in her Western Reserve, and President Meiklejohn
Canadian Commonwealth' (Bobbs-Merrill
of Amherst. Peculiarly significant is the
Co.). During the last few years a number of attention given to the service rendered by the
books have appeared on Canada and her peo stronger type of privately endowed college,
ple, but all have been more or less conventional such as Trinity and Colorado, whose presi-
in treatment and superficial in scope. Miss
dents (Messrs. Few and Slocum) participated
Laut has attempted, with at least a measure of in the discusssion. Commissioner Claxton,
success, to get underneath the surface of last on the programme, made a suggestive
things, and discover the national consciousness plea for contraction rather than expansion of
of this young people; what more or less con-
effort by colleges proper; for junior college
sciously it is striving for; its ideals, and where work by some (two years of instruction by
they are likely to lead.' Miss Laut sees ele- really capable teachers), and for limitation
ments of weakness as well as of strength in
of courses by others to a few well-organized
the Canadian character, but her final judg- groups of subjects.
ment is optimistic. She believes that Canada
possesses both the ability and the energy to
A work on the mysterious and
Mr. Masefield's
handle wisely the really serious problems that
unfathomable Synge, incarna-
John M. Synge.
confront her, such as “the amalgamation of
tion of the spirit of the Celtic
the foreigner through her schools; a working revival, by Mr. John Masefield, a sort of
arrangement with the Oriental fair to him as exemplar of modern English poetry, promises
to her; the development of her natural re- largely of piquancy and interest. Somehow
sources; the anchoring of the people to the the thing does not quite come off. Mr. Mase-
land; and the building of a system of power-
field insists that there was a great deal in
ful national defense by sea and land”; and Synge's face, that his silence was very expres-
that her ultimate destiny is to become a sive, that his very preoccupation and aloof-
Greater Britain Overseas.
ness hinted at genius. As to just why these
things were so, we are not given any illumi-
During the celebration of the nating enlightenment. The picture of Synge
one hundredth anniversary of
on the Aran Islands, as the uncrowned poetic
symposium.
the founding of Allegheny Col- king of that strange people, fades out before
lege, a conference on the American college the picture of Synge as a sort of itinerant
was held. Educators well qualified to deal musician, Jack-of-all-trades, or playboy,-
with the subject were selected to discuss vari- now fiddling away tentatively, now making
ous topics, with the understanding that they penny-whistles for nothing, now doing tricks
should speak out their minds freely. The to astonish and confound, now telling stories
topics were chosen with care to avoid dupli- to amuse — all for the strange people who
cations and yet broadly to cover the whole thought he was paying the debt of conscience,
field. “In short, it was aimed to include . . that he was one who had once committed some
the essential things pertaining to the Ameri- great crime and fled thither from the heart
can college as a present-day institution and of Europe to expiate in solitude. It is cer-
as an institution of promise for the future tainly worth remembering that Synge's favor-
educational development of America." The ite author, for the greater part of his life,
papers that were read at this notable sympo- was Racine — according to the impression
sium have been collected by President Craw. which Mr. Masefield received. Ironic spirit
ford of Allegheny College and published by seeking refuge from the embittered conscious-
Messrs. Holt. In stating that they measure ness of self and century in the simplicity of
up to the occasion, the reviewer feels that he the primitive — this was Synge. Mr. Mase-
is bestowing upon them the highest praise. field well says of this man who died of the
Among the themes dealt with are the place in dread malady: "He covered his tragedy with
the curriculum of the languages and literature, mockeries." (Macmillan Co.)
The American
college: a


286
[March 16
THE DIAL
NOTES.
Four books arranged for spring publication by
Messrs. Houghton Mifflin Co. too late to be included
A critical study of “Gawain and the Green in their spring announcements are a “ Life of
Knight,” by Professor Kittredge of Harvard, is Samuel W. McCall," by Mr. Lawrence B. Evans,
announced for immediate publication by the Har- and three stories of war experiences: “To Ruhleben
vard University Press.
and Back," by Mr. Geoffrey Pyke, a Cambridge
“April Airs" is the ingratiating title of a new
undergraduate who made his way into Germany
volume of lyrics by Mr. Bliss Carman, which is
only to be caught and held at the famous prison
to appear next month with the imprint of Messrs.
camp from which he made a sensational escape;
Small, Maynard & Co.
“Kitchener's Mob," by Mr. James Norman Hall, a
“A Book for Shakespeare Plays and Pageants," young American who served six months in the
by Miss 0. L. Hatcher, which includes much matter
trenches with Kitchener's Army; and “A Soldier
useful for those engaged in Shakespeare tercen-
of · The Legion, ” by Mr. E. Morlae, the American-
tenary celebrations, is nearly ready for publication
born son of a French immigrant, who started for
by Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co.
Paris forty-eight hours after war was declared and
is now back after a year's service.
“ War and Militarism in their Sociological
Aspects " is the title of a volume comprising
One of the most interesting and important sales
papers and proceedings of the American Socio- of rare books and manuscripts that has been held
logical Society, forming Volume X, which will be in this country since the dispersal of the Hoe
published this spring by the Chicago University library is to take place in the Anderson Galleries
Press.
of New York City the last three days of this month.
“Why War?” by Dr. Frederic C. Howe, will Duplicates and selections from the private libraries
soon be issued by Messrs. Scribner. In this book
of Mr. Henry E. Huntington and Mr. William K.
Dr. Howe searches well beneath the surface for Bixby will be disposed of, as well as an important
the primary causes of the wars that have been
consignment of rare books on early English litera-
almost continuous since the beginning of this
ture from the estate of Mr. E. Dwight Church.
From Mr. Huntington's collection the sale will
century.
consist mainly of English colored plate books of
An American edition of “ Georgian Poetry," the nineteenth century, together with miscellaneous
second series, will be published this month by works and collected sets of first editions; from
Messrs. Putnam. This volume, which our English Mr. Bixby's, manuscripts of Henry D. Thoreau
correspondent has recently mentioned at some
and Charles Reade, copies of his own privately
length, aims to bring together the most distinctive printed books, and illuminated manuscripts of the
poems produced by English writers during the
fifteenth century; and from the estate of Mr.
years 1913-14.
E. Dwight Church, early English rarities, first
A little pamphlet entitled “The Story Hour" editions of Shelley, Tennyson, and Racine, and a
is sent out by the Jacksonville (Florida) Public long line of Grolier Club publications.
Library, giving the complete list of stories to be Lovers of Wordsworth everywhere will feel a
told on successive Thursdays, except in July and
August, through the year 1916. Titles and authors
sense of personal loss in the death of Professor
are well chosen, and prose and verse extracts in-
William Angus Knight, which occurred at his home
crease the interest of the publication.
in Keswick, England, on March 4. He was born in
The “ Journals of the House of Burgesses, and received his education in the High School and
Scotland, within a week or two of eighty years ago,
1659/60-1693,” have been published in thirteen
the University of Edinburgh. For more than a
volumes by the Virginia State Library, and are
obtainable by purchase. It is now the desire of
quarter-century (1876-1902) he occupied the chair of
moral philosophy in the University of St. Andrews.
the Librarian to issue in a similar manner the
His literary labors, original and editorial, have
Journals of the Council, in six volumes, and he
resulted in a long list of publications, beginning
asks for a legislative appropriation to that end.
in 1863 and continuing almost to the present time.
“ The German Spirit,”
," by Professor Kuno
An important edition of Wordsworth, including a
Francke, is announced for March issue by Messrs. life of the poet, appeared under his sponsorship
Holt. It includes two essays on
“ German Litera-
in 1881-9; and later he edited the well-known
ture and the American Temper” and “ The True
Eversley Edition" of William and Dorothy
Germany,” while the third section is a lecture
Wordsworth's complete writings. Eight volumes
delivered recently at the Brooklyn Institute of of the “ Transactions of the Wordsworth Society"
Arts and Sciences on Germany's Contribution to
published 1880-86, bear his name as editor: while
Civilization."
his further contributions to Wordsworthiana are
A new work by Mr. Robert Bridges is announced numerous and valuable. Of the extent and variety
by the Oxford University Press, entitled “Ibant of his other works, some idea may be gained by
Obscuri," containing analysis of Virgil's the following titles: “ Studies in Philosophy and
rhythm and a line-for-line paraphrase of “ Eneid”
Literature,”
," “ Principal Shairp and His Friends,"
vi, 268-751, 893-9 (The Vision of Æneas), with “ Stories and Rhymes of Golf," " The Philosophy
the Latin interlined, accompanied by a cento of of the Beautiful," “ The Christian Ethic,” “ Early
previous translations. A paraphrase is added, Chapters in the History of the University of St.
also interlined, of Homer, “Iliad” xxiv, 339-660 Andrews and Dundee," “ Some Nineteenth Century
(Priam and Achilles).
Scotsmen," "Memorials of Thomas Davidson.”
an


1916)
287
THE DIAL
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF SPRING BOOKS.
duction by C. F. Bell, illus.—Dr. John Radcliffe,
his fellows and foundations, by J. B. Nias. (Ox-
However it may be abroad, the activities of
ford University Press.)
publishers on this side the water seem little
Nights, Rome, Venice, in the æsthetic eighties, and
Paris, London, in the fighting nineties, by Eliza-
curtailed, if at all, by the war. THE DIAL'S
beth Robins Pennell, illus. by Joseph Pennell, $3.
annual List of Books Announced for Spring (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Publication, presented herewith, is in length Makers of the Nineteenth century, edited by Basil
and general interest fully up to the average of
Williams, first vol.: Delane of the Times, by Ed-
our similar lists for several years past.
ward Cook, with frontispiece, $1.75. (Henry Holt
& Co.)
Between eleven and twelve hundred titles,
Woodrow Wilson, the man and his work, by Henry
representing the output of nearly sixty pub- Jones Ford, illus., $1.50.—Recoll