ful-
filment. According to a later dictum, of Lord
of the famous Basongo chieftain, Pania Mu-
Salisbury, “foreign politics ” already means
tembo, in the heart of the Congo Free State.
for England African politics ; and what Europe Nearly all the capitals and large towns, native
in general thinks of the natural resources and
and foreign, of the seaboard countries were
political possibilities of the coming continent" visited ; Madagascar was traversed ; a long ex-
may be gathered from the broad fact that of cursion was made through the centre of the
its total area of 12,000,000 square miles she
Boer Republics and British Colonies; the Nile,
has left unappropriated only about 1,000,000, Quanza, Congo, Kassai, Sankuru, and Kuilu
which are confined to the sandy wastes of the
rivers were ascended ; and a détour was made
Libyan Desert and the powerful and inacces-
by Madeira, the Canaries, and the Cape Verdes.
sible States of the Soudan Africa contains
The author's attention was about evenly divided
about one-quarter of the land of the globe, her
between the native States, with their depen-
area being more than thrice Europe's, or almost dencies, on the one hand, and European pos-
as much as North and South America's com-
sessions and protectorates, on the other; and
bined ; and as one-fifth of her surface consists it may perhaps be objected that a rather dis-
of rich savannas, and one-half of imperfectly proportionate amount of space (over a third of
tilled fields and fairly fertile virgin soil, the
the volume) is given to the already familiar
Malthusian danger in its broader aspect would
Mediterranean countries, which are now well
seem to be, in our era of swift transport and
within the orbit even of " conducted” tourists.
world-wide commercial solidarity, relegated to
Mr. Vincent is a quick observer and a succinct
the dim future, even for the populous countries
writer; and while anything like a fair résumé
of Western Europe.
of his very copious record is out of the ques-
A popular general account of this deeply tion here, a few random passages from the more
interesting transitional Africa of to-day, with
noteworthy chapters may serve as samples of
its unique confrontation of the old and the
the whole.
new, the polished and the barbaric, which may
An interesting account is given of Kimber-
serve in lieu of first-hand impressions that very ley, the capital and centre of the diamond min-
few of us are likely to attain, is a need which ing district. Kimberley is a progressive mod-
is now satisfactorily met by Mr. Frank Vin-
ern city, with its population of 30,000, its
cent's “ Actual Africa.” Mr. Vincent is
tramways, electric lighting, cabs, good shops,
veteran traveller who needs no introduction in hotels, theatres, daily papers, and Botanical
that capacity to our readers; and his latest
Garden. The four great mines, the Kimberley,
work shows the same modest merits of pith and
the De Beers, and the Bulfontein and Dutoits-
literalness of statement, and abstention from pan,
lie on the outskirts of the town, and are
heightened colors and strained contrasts, which
now united under the control of the De Beers
have made his widely-read volume on South
Consolidated Mines, Limited, with a capital of
America a favorite with readers in want of
$20,000,000, a sum about equalling the annual
plain information. Leaving to more florid pens
output. During the past twenty years South
the task of painting the marvels and dilating
Africa has exported over fifty millions of car-
on the mysterious and legendary past of the
ats of diamonds, of a total value of $375,000,-
mighty continent that has inspired the literary
000; so that, a carat equalling four grains, the
fancy since the times of Herodotus and Strabo, weight of diamonds exported has amounted to
he contents himself with setting forth in sim-
about fifteen tons! The Kimberley gems pre-
ple prose such simple facts of actual observa-
sent a great variety of colors - green, blue,
tion as any plain traveller seeking information pink, brown, yellow, orange, etc., with the in-
would wish to gather for himself. If a certain
termediate tints. The stones vary in size from
those of that of a pin's head to one found a few
ACTUAL AFRICA ; or, The Coming Continent. A Tour of
Exploration. By Frank Vincent. Ilustrated. New York:
years ago in the De Beers Mine, which weighed
D. Appleton & Co.
in the rough 428) carats, and measured (un-


66
[Aug. 1,
THE DIAL
cut) nearly two inches through the longest axis. scarcely an open question ; but Mr. Vincent
About 12,000 natives are now employed, night has no patience with this sort of logic. It is
and day, in the mines, under the supervision not, he thinks, at all a question of superior
of some 1300 Europeans.
methods of colonization, but simply to which
« Formerly there was a great deal of diamond steal-
nation belongs the truest claims of posses-
ing by native diggers and dishonest buying by white
sion' - in which case, one might urge, the
merchants. It is even said that these thieves stole one- claims of the native tribes (though unsupported
quarter of the entire yield. Improved methods of sur-
veillance are rapidly diminishing this loss. Now none
by papal grant) might even outweigh those of
but authorized agents are permitted to purchase or pos-
Portugal. The author goes on to say:
sess rough diamonds, a large detective force is employed, “Whether England can the better civilize inferior
and the natives are domiciled and confined in com-
races, whether she can the sooner stop slavery or inter-
pounds' or villages, enclosed by high walls, with doors tribal wars, whether she were the ablest to establish
of sheet iron.”
commerce, are interesting inquiries but can have noth-
At the Kimberley Mine the author inspected ing whatever to do with the present matter, which is
one of these " compounds ” — a great square
solely a question of ownership of ground, or what in
Africa has always constituted ownership. . . . In this
lined by iron sheds, surrounded by a high fence, political partition England has exactly reversed the
and partially covered by a wire netting ar- maxim emblazoned on the facade of the Boer Parlia-
ranged so as to prevent the miners throwing ment House at Pretoria, that • right makes might,' and
diamonds to confederates outside the barriers.
has taken a course with Portugal like that which she re-
The period of service for which the diggers ana, and has previously taken several times with smaller
cently took atVenezuela, regarding the frontier of Gui-
engage is usually three months.
and feebler nations throughout the world. She breaks
From Kimberley the author went by rail to the Zulu power, but not the Russian. Her policy of ex-
Cape Town, whence he sailed for Madeira, and pansion is always out of Europe; in Europe she does noth-
thence back, touching at the Canaries and the
ing until she can find an ally. She has been thoroughly
immoral in her dealings with weaker States, and seems
Cape Verdes, to the Portuguese province of always ready and eager to follow up her moral claims'
Angola. The Angolan towns of Loanda, Ben- with very material troops and iron-clads. Is it not time
guela, Mossamedes, etc., were inspected, and a
that the motto · Dieu et mon droit' was changed to Dieu
run of five hundred miles was made into the
et ma force'?”
interior. Of the natural condition of Angola All generous spirits must lament, with Mr.
Mr. Vincent speaks most favorably, pronounc- Vincent, Portugal's military and economic ina-
ing it, in view of its geographical position, bility to defend and justify her claims to that
variety of climate, and natural resources, su- large share of the African continent which she
perior to any other European possession of so magnificently founded in the days of Vasco
tropical Africa. He takes occasion at this de Gama and Bartholomew Diaz. But in the
point to interpolate a chapter touching the cav- centuries succeeding her period of maritime
alier treatment of Portugal by the Powers in glory she has been hopelessly outstripped in the
respect of her African territory—especially by race of national progress ; and, sentiment aside,
England. The Berlin Conference deprived we find it difficult to regret that her once vast
her of the region between Congo and Angola African possessions have largely slipped from
(including the mouth of the Congo) with its
her nerveless hands into the powerful grasp of
valuable riparian revenues, and England's ulti- the race which, with all its fanlts of territorial
matum of 1890 forced her to abandon her greed and apathy to the moral claims of weaker
claims in the Shiré Highlands and in Nyassa- rivals, is the true Mother of Nations and the
land, as well as in Manica, Matabele, and Mash- inheritor of the political and colonizing genius
onaland. Portugal's claims to African terri- of ancient Rome. England has confessedly
tory, resting on papal grant, discovery, priority played the bully more than once with lesser
of possession, and continuous manifestations nations, and her recent minor wars have re-
(usually rather symbolical, we think)
of sov- dounded little to her credit. Mr. Rider Hag-
ereignty, have been pushed aside by England gard has spoken plainly of her " unjustifiable
on the eminently Anglo-Saxon plea that since attack upon the Zulus, and Mr. Labouchere
the Portuguese have shown that they can has poured upon her the vials of his party
neither govern, colonize, nor develop their "pos- wrath, touching the Matabele war. There is
sessions," it is high time that, in the interests even a tincture of truth in Mr. Chamberlain's
of civilization, they were turned out of them. frank avowal that her Empire is the fruit of
That African interests are likely to be better generations of buccaneering. But it must nev-
served in English than in Portuguese hands is ertheless be admitted that if she has taken much,


1895.]
67
THE DIAL
she has given more ; that she has sown her The missionaries have now been at work some ten
path of conquest and influence with the seeds years among this and kindred tribes, but their success
has been very dubious. Satisfactory statistics are not
of progress, and planted and maintained law
and order and the machinery of judicial jus- natives lack capacity. They cannot comprehend the
forthcoming to outside inquirers. The trouble is the
tice, where anarchy and public rapine have been Christian scheme of salvation, though they may be
the rule for ages. The record of her sway over
bribed to say they do, and to lead lives for a time in
foreign lands and peoples, if necessarily marred
partial accordance therewith. But they are liable at
by human errors of judgment and conscience, agedom. . . . When I observe the prognathous heads
any moment to relapse to paganism, and return to sav-
shows nevertheless in its long roll of successes and the utter bestial expression of these natives I am
and benefactions but one conspicuous failure. fully persuaded of the correctness of the Darwinian
Such petty flings as that England breaks the hypothesis. It requires no stretch of imagination to
Zulu power, but not the Russian,” and that
believe that this form of man, instead of being a little
“ her policy of expansion is always out of Eu- monkeys."
lower than the angels, is simply a trifle higher than the
rope," seem sadly out of place in Mr. Vincent's
We have no desire of reviving in these col-
usually sensible and informing book. That
umns any discussion of the “ Missionary Ques-
England has not wasted herself and embroiled
Europe in an insane attempt to “ break the
tion.” But we venture to suggest that the real
measure of the success of missionary enterprise
power” of Russia, and that her“ policy of ex-
pansion ” has chosen the line of least resistance nominal Christians made than the degree in
among the Congo tribes is less the number of
and widest promise, can scarcely be charged which the missionaries have succeeded in estab-
to her as a lapse either of statesmanship or
lishing among these undeveloped anthropoid
good morals.
beings such rudimentary arts and conceptions
The author gives a pithy and detailed ac-
count of his trip from Boma, mainly by way of
of European culture as are within their mental
the Congo River and its tributaries, the Kasai, of human progress, individual or aggregate.
grasp
There are no chasms in the continuity
Lulua, Sankuru, Kuilu, etc., into the interior
of the Congo Free State. Many interesting
To assert that so or so many of Mr. Vincent's
facts as to the natives and their wonderful coun.
Bakongos, Bakutus, or Bakubas have “em-
braced Christianity” is, rightly understood, to
try are recorded, and Mr. Vincent's ascent of
the Kuilu seems to fairly entitle him to rank lectual leap from the grossest fetishism to a
assert that they have made the enormous intel-
as an African explorer. Near Leopoldville, in refined and abstract system of theology – to
the Congo region, he had an opportunity of
observing a native market.
say nothing of a doctrine of ideal morality the
“ The sellers were nearly all women.
theory of which is as far out of their reach as
There was a
good variety of local produce, but no manufactures.
its practice is out of that of the average Eu-
Perhaps four hundred people were present, and their
ropean. The real difficulty in the way of mis-
chaffering produced a perfect Babel. These markets are sionary progress is simply stated by our author
held regularly twice a week. You see manioc in several when he says that the natives “cannot compre-
styles, cooked and uncooked and ground into flour, palm
oil and kernels, beans, maize, salad, fowls
, eggs, plain- its only solution is partially indicated when he
hend the Christian scheme of salvation ”; and
,
tains, sweet potatoes, mushrooms, peanuts, peppers, to-
bacco, large fish from the Congo, fruits, etc. These adds : " Possibly by selecting a few of the
things will be bartered for cheap blue cotton cloth, col- brightest of the boys, and beginning their in-
ored handkerchiefs, and bits of coarse brass wire, shaped
like staples. These last pass for change, and are gen-
struction when very young, isolating them in
the missions, and then pursuing the same course
erally carried in large bunches."
Regarding the mental condition of the Ba-
with their children for a few generations, some-
kongos, a tribe dwelling about the banks of thing might eventually result.”
We shall take leave of Mr. Vincent's nar-
the Kassai, Mr. Vincent observes :
rative with an extract from his account of that
“They are in most respects in a similar condition to
that of children of eight or ten years old. They do
redoubtable potentate, King Pania Mutembo:
not seem to think, reflect, or remember. The experi- “ He appeared as a dignified old gentleman, bearing
ence of one is not always utilized by another. . Fear a long wand as a badge of authority. He was dressed
they possess in no unstinted degree, but love, other in a white shirt, open in front and worn over a colored
than the mere animal fondness of the mother for her silk waist-cloth, which descended like a skirt to his bare
offspring, seems entirely wanting. . . . They seem to feet. Over the shirt he wore a light sack-coat, after
have few religious ideas, and fewer institutions. Like the approved manner of Syrian and Egyptian drago-
all such forest-folk the expression of their religious feel- mans. His turban of blue cloth was arranged with the
ing seems due to fear, fear of all the phenomena and ends extending at the sides like the head-gear of the
processes of Nature which they cannot comprehend. conventional Egyptian Sphinx. Around his neck he
1
a


68
[Aug. 1,
THE DIAL
.
wore four or five chains of immense blue beads, and erature, giving it credit for Bryant, Prescott,
also
many
bracelets of the same. Upon one finger was Irving, Lowell, Holmes, Hawthorne, and Em-
a copper ring, and upon his ankles were bands of leather.
... The King went as he came, with much hauteur,
erson, and bestowing deserved praises upon the
his people fleeing in every direction before his approach.
the only three magazines, “ Harper's,” “ Put-
Pania Mutembo is reported to glory in upwards of five nam's,” and the “ Atlantic." He deals with
hundred "wives.' . .. We told the King that in our the sexual morality of the people, their relig-
countries the married men were accustomed to have
ious character, including a graphic account of ,
but one wife each. He replied that there our wealth was
in other things, in gold and silver, and in ships and fac-
the great revival of 1858, their seriousness
tories, but here his property was in these wives, whom combined with their love of humor, and their
if he chose he could barter for anything he wanted.” honesty in private life as contrasted with their
As a popular general description of the Africa lack of it in the management of public affairs.
of to-day, Mr. Vincent's book has no superior. Indeed, the picture of American society and
There are over one hundred photographic illus- life is so charmingly drawn in this chapter that
trations, together with a good route map and the impression left upon the mind of the reader
a sufficient index; and the publishers have is singularly wholesome and satisfying, while
shown their usual sound taste and liberality in his love of country is heightened and his faith
the general make-up of the volume.
in our popular system of government is con-
E. G. J.
firmed.
The other chapters of the volume deal with
the state of the country following the presi.
THE THIRD VOLUME OF MR. RHODES'S
dential election of 1860 and including the first
HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES.*
year of the War; and they constitute by far
The first chapter of the third volume of Mr. the most important contribution to the history
Rhodes's “ History of the United States” is de- of this period which has yet appeared. The
voted to the material progress of the country work is thoroughly and faithfully done, as at-
from 1850 to 1860, leaving out of view the tested by the ample foot-notes which support
striking events and political agitations of this and illustrate the text, while the style is so
period, and dealing only with the common life lucid and animated that the attention of the
of the people, or what the author calls “ the reader is never intermitted. We feel confident
blank leaves of history.” And yet the subject that this volume will fully confirm the impres-
is so admirably handled that we believe no sion made by the two preceding ones that the
chapter in the volume will awaken a livelier author has a genius for writing history. Mr.
interest or better repay a careful perusal. He Rhodes discusses at much length the famous
refers to the increase of our population and our Crittenden Compromise, and he shows that it
material prosperity in their relation to the well- was not the secessionists of the Senate, as has
being of the masses. He dwells upon the pro- often been asserted, but the Republican leaders,
gress of mechanical invention and the marvel. who defeated the measure. He thinks that
lous growth of our merchant marine. He Lincoln was chiefly responsible, for he says
refers to railway extension and steam naviga- that if he had favored the measure Seward
tion on our western rivers as great factors in would have joined him and their influence
our national progress.
He devotes several would have secured its adoption, thus averting
pages to a very clear and timely exposition of for the time the catastrophe of war. Whether
the tariff question in connection with the panic Lincoln and the Republicans may be justified
of 1857 and the tariff acts of that year and in their course at the bar of history he treats
the year 1846, and he says these acts demon- as a debatable question, and after considering
strate that a high protective tariff is not nec- it at considerable length and in all its bearings,
essary for the growth of our manufacturing in- he says:
dustry. He deals with the question of political “Between these alternatives, one of which was civil
corruption, the health of the people, their pro-
war, with its waste of blood and treasure, with its train
of men's sacrifices and women's anguish, and with its
gress in taste, refinement, and manners, the
failure to settle the race question in the South; and the
theatre, and the lecture system which reached other, which would have been an aggravated repetition
its height during this period. He speaks of of what took place between 1854 and 1860, with the
this decade as the golden age of American lit- probability of a war to follow between more powerful
contestants; between these an historian may well shrink
HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, from the Compromise
from pronouncing a decided choice.”
of 1850. By James Fords Rhodes. Volume III. New York:
Harper & Brothers.
We think this statement challenges criticism.


1895.]
69
THE DIAL
a
It assumes that the question of duty involved breeding despotism would have been estab-
in the alternative here presented was to be de- lished on the ruins of the Republic, unless pre-
termined by carefully estimating the conse- vented by the military power of the free States
quences of the choice to be made and not by in a conflict far more uncertain in its issue and
the character of the surrender which this com- more calamitous in its results than was our
promise offered the South for the sake of peace.
Civil War. But aside from any question of
It overlooks the fact that there are worse things consequences, the Crittenden Compromise was
than war, even civil war, with all its unspeak- utterly indefensible as a scheme of bare-faced
able horrors, and that a nation has no right to treachery to freedom. In the words of Lin-
purchase peace at the price of dishonor. What coln, it would have “put us again on the high-
was this now almost forgotten compromise ? | road to a slave empire.” It was a shameless
It provided that in all the territory of the repudiation of the principle on which the peo-
United States then held or thereafter acquired ple had made him president, and a wanton be-
situate north of latitude 36° 30' slavery should trayal of the country to its enemies. It would
be prohibited, but that in all the territories south have gladdened the hearts of despots and stifled
of said line it should be recognized as existing, the voice of republicanism throughout the world.
and should not be interfered with by Congress, If the courage and clear-sightedness of Lin-
but should be protected as property by all the coln averted these calamities, then he, of all the
departments of the territorial government dur- famous men of his time, has the best right to
ing its continuance. It provided that Congress
be honored as the savior of his country.
should have no power to abolish slavery in Mr. Rhodes discusses the generally accepted
places under its exclusive jurisdiction and sit- theory that the work of secession was concocted
uate within the limits of States that permitted by a cabal of Southern senators and represent-
the holding of slaves ; that Congress should atives in Washington, who gave direction to
have no power to abolish slavery in the Dis- the movement through its ramifications in the
trict of Columbia without compensation, and States and interfered with the free action of
without the consent of its inhabitants, of Vir- the people. He carefully overhauls the his-
ginia, and of Maryland ; that Congress should toric facts bearing upon the question, and
have no power to prohibit or hinder the trans- reaches the conclusion that no such conspiracy
portation of slaves between slave-holding States existed. He had shown in dealing with the
and Territories ; that provision should be made Crittenden Compromise that Jefferson Davis
for the payment of the owners by the United was ready for a settlement upon that basis, and
States for rescued fugitive slaves; and that no deplored the necessity for war. The course of
future amendment of the Constitution should Stephens in opposition to secession is well-
affect the five preceding articles, and no amend | known. Even Toombs, with all his impulsive-
ment should be made to the Constitution which ness and bluster, was complained of by his
would authorize or give to Congress any power Southern friends as too conservative. Says
to abolish or interfere with slavery in any of Mr. Rhodes :
the States by whose laws it was or might be “In its public manifestations secession had all the
allowed or permitted.
marks of a popular movement, proceeding in the regu-
Under these provisions slavery would no
lar manner which we should expect from a community
longer be a local institution dependent upon
accustomed to constitutional government and to dele-
gate its powers to chosen representatives. Legislatures
State law, but a national institution made per- called conventions of the people. Then, after animated
petual by unalterable provisions of the Consti- canvasses in Alabama, Georgia, and Louisiana, and af-
tution. That such concessions would be fol- ter full understanding by the electors in all of the states
lowed by further demands is as certain as the
that they were voting for immediate secession or in
favor of delay, delegates were chosen to the convention
action of gravitation. The career of slavery in at popular elections. Soon after each convention met
the United States up to this time proved this. it adopted by an imposing majority its ordinance of
The adoption of this compromise would have
secession."
made the acquisition of Cuba the watchword The facts of the case in some of the States are
and rallying cry of the South. Fillibustering not all in harmony with these statements, but
for other tropical acquisitions would certainly when carefully sifted they do not support the
have followed, while the revival of the foreign conspiracy theory. Mr. Rhodes thinks it very
slave-trade would have been espoused as a part doubtful whether Davis, Toombs, Orr, and
, ,
of the inevitable logic of the new dispensation. Benjamin, had they agreed with Stephens,
In a word, a great slave - holding and slave- could have prevented secession, and that if they
.


70
(Aug. 1,
THE DIAL
had not headed the movement the people would from the period of the Civil War and the ani-
have found other leaders. It will not be easy mosities which then filled the air. We recall
to dislodge the well-nigh universal opinion of some speeches in Congress and elsewhere about
the people of the Northern States ever since General Lee and his associates which would
the outbreak of the Rebellion, and make them now seem as shocking and as completely out of
believe that the secession movement was the tune with the times as this eulogy would have
work of the people of the South, whose reputed been during the conflict. The healing hand of
leaders were only reluctant followers. But the time has done for both sections of the Union
truth ought to be known, and when supported what no other agency could possibly have ac-
by such authorities as Rhodes, Von Holst, and complished, and this volume, by its fairness in
Schonler, must finally be accepted. Had it dealing with sectional and party issues, happily
been understood during the great conflict, it is voices the general feeling of reconciliation and
probable that many a flaming speech in favor peace. In the second place, however, there
of the hanging of the rebel leaders would have may be some danger of too great a reaction
been less savage in its tone.
from the patriotic memories and thrilling ex-
Among the most attractive features of this periences of the great struggle for the nation's
volume are the personal sketches of eminent life. Moral distinctions are never to be con-
men, including Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Robert founded. The world will always recognize a
E. Lee, Alexander H. Stephens, Jeremiah S. difference between fighting for a slave empire
Black, “Stonewall” Jackson, Joseph E. John- and fighting for freedom and the universal
ston, and others. As an example, we quote a rights of men. The man who violates his oath
part of what the author says of General Lee of loyalty to the Union cannot occupy exactly
at the beginning of the War, and we quote it the same moral level with the man who keeps
for other reasons which will
appear :
it. Besides, General Lee did not believe in
“ Lee, now fifty-four years old, his face exhibiting the right of secession under the Constitution.
the ruddy glow of health and his head without a grey He was a Union man on principle, believing
hair, was physically and morally a splendid example of
that Virginia had a peaceable and constitu-
manhood. Able to trace his lineage far back in the
mother country, the best blood of Virginia flowed in
tional remedy for her grievances. Neither did
his veins. The founder of the Virginia family, who
he believe in negro slavery, but regarded it as
emigrated in the time of Charles I., was a cavalier in a great moral and political evil, and a greater
sentiment; •Light-borse Harry' of the Revolution was
curse to the white man than to the black. On
the father of Robert E. Lee. Drawing from a knightly his own showing, therefore, the secession of his
race all their virtues, he had inherited none of their
vices. Honest, sincere, simple, magnanimous, forbear-
native State was indefensible and unnecessary.
ing, refined, courteous, yet dignified and proud, never
The dilemma in which he was placed in having
lacking self-command, he was in all respects a true man. to choose between his loyalty to the Union and
Graduating from West Point, his life had been exclu-
his duty to Virginia was a most painful one,
sively that of a soldier, yet he had none of the soldier's
bad habits. He used neither liquor nor tobacco, in-
and no man will now judge him harshly or un-
dulged rarely in a social glass of wine, and cared noth- charitably ; but the attempt to liken his case
ing for the pleasures of the table. He was a good en- to that of Washington seems a little far-fetched,
gineer, and under General Scott had won distinction in
and is not necessary to a just appreciation of
Mexico. The work that had fallen to his lot he had
his remarkable public career or his rare per-
performed in a systematic manner and with conscien-
tious care. •Duty is the sublimest word in our lan-
sonal traits.
GEORGE W. JULIAN.
guage,' he wrote to his son. Sincerely religious, Provi-
dence to him was a verity, and it may be truly said, he
walked with God. . . . As the years go on, we shall
see that such a life can be judged by no partisan meas-
MODERN ART CRITICISM.*
ure, and we shall come to look upon him as the English
of our day regard Washington, whom little more than a
Some years ago a celebrated student of Ital-
century ago they delighted to call a rebel. Indeed, in ian painting, Giovanni Morelli, went up into
all essential characteristics, Lee resembled Washington, Germany and did great service to art history by
and had the great work of his life been crowned with overthrowing many of the attributions of Italian
success, or had he chosen the winning side, the world pictures in German galleries. He published the
would have acknowledged that Virginia could in a cen-
tury produce two men who were the embodiment of
German ignorance of Italian art in several vol-
public and private virtue.”
umes, and was rewarded for his presumption by
This charming picture of a great Confeder- * MASTERPIECES OF GREEK SCULPTURE: A Series of Essays
ate general suggests two instructive facts. In on the History of Art. By Adolf Furtwängler; edited by
the first place, it shows how far we have drifted
Eugénie Sellers. New York : Imported by Charles Scribner's
Sons.


1895.)
71
THE DIAL
a
no end of abuse from museum directors, con- these same methods. Indeed, he, in company
noisseurs, and critics. Nevertheless, Morelli's with other German archæologists, has been fol-
shots struck home. The titles and ascriptions of lowing them for years and telling us on material
many pictures were changed. Morelli was more and scientific grounds what is an original, what
often right than wrong in his judgments. He is a copy, what is a variant, and what is a for-
claimed that he was quite infallible because he gery. Unfortunately, neither he nor any of
was working with “a scientific method.” The the other scientific thinkers has told us what
method was of his own adaptation. It was, is logic. It is a great pity. Had they given
briefly stated, based upon the theory that every us their notion of logic at the start, perhaps we
painter was more or less conventional in his should not have had occasion to find fault with
drawing of such details as hands, feet, ears, their work. The conclusions deduced from as-
eyes, noses; that he was largely influenced by sumed facts are the chief cause of skepticism
his masters and associates ; that his brush-work, and dissent on the part of the reader.
color, architecture, and landscapes were so No one doubts the long study, the intimate
many ear-marks; and that by considering all knowledge, the shrewd insight of these critics ;
these details the author of a picture could be no one doubts that their scientific basis is the
surely ascertained regardless of written docu- nearest to the true one that has ever been at-
ment or signature. The ancient methods of tained; no one doubts that their researches
determining the painter of a work by intuitive have lightened many dark spots in history and
feeling, by the personality of the work, and by archæology. What one does doubt at times,
its general spirit, were set down as ridiculously however, is the proof of facts, the force of con-
inaccurate.
clusions. The journalistic way of assuming a
The application of this method to pictures was point on one page and then declaring it“proven”
original with Morelli, but the method itself was on the next page, the pettifogging manner of
not new. The Germans who jeered at him as slipping around a hard knot because it cannot
"an ignorant Swiss Doctor” had long before his be untied, the naïve forming of a theory and
time applied the method to the writing of his- then calling every fact that interferes with it
tory. Rome was done over again with the his- a forgery and every dissenting critic an igno-
torical method” (a rebuke to Gibbon) by drop- ramus, are not calculated to breed confidence
ping out the imaginative element and basing in the reasoning. And then, the vast super-
statements on existing documents. A study of fluity of arrogance and pretension! From Mor-
the materials only could give the truth. elli to Briggs, they are all bubbling over with
have had a recent echo of this method in Amer- conceit. It is not that their method is a new
ica in Justin Winsor’s “ Columbus,” an excel aid, sheds new light, helps on the
lent example of all the virtues and all the vices knowledge, and taken in connection with past
of scientific history. We know the same method knowledge places us on a firmer basis ; but
in literary criticism. It has been unsuccess- their method is infallible, their say-so incon-
fully applied to Shakespeare, but its best known testable, their conclusions final, and everything
application has been to the books of the Old to the contrary is mere “ leather and prunello,
Testament. From Eichhorn and Kuenen to to be brushed aside. All this operates in the
Driver and Briggs, all the way down the line, reader's mind against the method and against
the Pentateuch has been slashed at and worried much that is incontestably true and just in the
in the name of " Higher Criticism.” If we results. Professor Furtwängler's book, with all
translate the Pentateuch into a picture and say its knowledge, leaves the reader in a bad humor
that it could not have been painted by Moses because of its arbitrary assumption, its pro-
because the style is not his, the brush-work is fessorial arrogance, its “ confounded cocksure-
too mature, the signature is a forgery, this part ness.” The editor of the volume tells us that
is the work of a modern restorer, and that part it has been “received almost with acclamation
an impudent erasure, we shall have the atti- by scholars of all schools.” Very likely. It
tude of the biblical critics and also their rela- is so good a book that one feels vexed with its
tionship to the art critics. The method is the author that it is not better. There was need
same now among all • advanced thinkers.” for a reconstructed history of Greek sculpture,
Everything is flatly placed on what is called a and Professor Furtwängler's book has come at
scientific basis at the start. We are not sur- the right time. Had it come modestly it would
prised then to find Professor Furtwängler in his have been the more welcome, but even in its
“Masterpieces of Greek Sculpture," following present shape it is not a book to be lightly cast
sum
of
a
a


72
[Aug. 1,
THE DIAL
On page
aside. It is an invaluable library of critical Now all this, covering as it does over 110
research into Greek sculpture. Heretofore the pages, is shrewdly argued and plausibly put.
study of Greek art has run in narrow channels. Professor Furtwängler knows his subject so
Professor Furtwängler has sought to broaden thoroughly — knows all the technique of sculp-
them by reconstruction. Instead of speculation ture as well as the classic traditions — that one
over the few Greek marbles that are left to us, is disposed to follow him wherever he leads.
he proposes to go back to the great lost orig. He is very likely right in his conclusions ; but
inals, by studying them in the Roman copies. suppose he is wrong in his first premises, what
He claims that with few exceptions (notably then becomes of his fine argument? And what
the Hermes of Praxiteles) the existing Greek are his actual premises ? Lucian refers to the
marbles are by inferior men, whereas the Roman Lemnia of Pheidias. It did exist, but no work
copies were copies of celebrated works by cel- of Pheidias is now known to us. . That it was
ebrated men. He admits that there is a rich copied is assumed ; that the Dresden and Vati-
mine of error in discriminating between what can Athenas were all copies of the original
is exactly reproduced and what is adapted in Lemnia, is merely a shrewd guess.
the copies, but he thinks he can avoid gross 76 Professor Furtwängler shows how easy it is
errors. So on this basis he starts out to recon- to be mistaken about copies springing from a
struct the art of Pheidias, from whose hand we common original. Possibly they were not copies
have nothing that is absolutely authenticated. at all, but Roman eclectic works. The Romans
The Lemnian Athena was an original by did make copies of the Greek marbles, but the
Pheidias preferred by the ancients to all his assumption that they never made anything else
other works. It must have been copied by the is an error. And if copies, why indisputably
Romans. Two statues at Dresden are said to after Pheidias ? Athena was the Greek and
be faithful copies of it. There is a third mu- Roman Madonna, and there may have been
tilated copy in the Vatican. Professor Furt-
Professor Furt- many conceptions of her by sculptors of rank
wängler restores the statue by placing a helmet whose very names are now forgotten. On page
in the right hand and a spear in the left. His 42 Professor Furtwängler rebukes Löschcke
warrant for the helmet he gets from a Roman for assuming that the Zeus Talleyrand in the
gem in which an Athena appears with a helmet Louvre is “a copy of a work belonging to the
put in at the side by the gem-cutter to fill space, middle of the fifth century B.C.” This he de-
and his warrant for the spear is the muscular clares is a “daring assertion.” So it is, but
play of the left arm and shoulder. He assumes not more daring than his own assertions. But
from the technique of the copies that the origi- to continue. The restorations of the alleged
nal by Pheidias was in bronze, of life size, and copies are probably correct, the “full concep-
in general like the copies. Then, after five tion” of Pheidias means only a conception of
pages of postulated facts, we have him saying: the alleged copies. The “ Pheidian circle” is
“We are now justified, I think, in claiming to Professor Furtwängler's circle, and “the char-
possess exact copies after a bronze by Pheidias, acteristic and personal qualities of Pheidias ”
and to have thereby gained for the first time are things that have only been hinted at by
a full conception of this artist's achievements the ancient writers. In fact, the premises are
in the round." The alleged copies which are strewn with pitfalls, and a false step anywhere
said to be “ faithful” and “ accurate” become along the line would be sufficient to overset the
then the criterion of Pheidian style and tech-whole argument. As speculation, as suggestion
nique, and everything that tallies with them is for future work, the theory is capital and will
put into the charmed Pheidian circle. So Pro- undoubtedly lead to good results ; as proven
fessor Furtwängler goes on to tell us that the fact, not even the author's enthusiastic vehe-
Dresden copy has all the characteristic and mence can make it wholly acceptable.
personal qualities of Pheidias' Parthenos." He With the Lemnia on one side of the circle
makes a comparison between the Parthenos and and the Dioscuri of Monte Cavallo on the other
the Lemnia, and thus reëstablishes the Par- side, our author thinks he has found “two fixed
thenos. He then pays his respects to the Olym- points which represent the opposite poles of
pian Zeus in the same manner, discusses the Pheidian art.” By way of additional proof he
Parthenon frieze, and tells us what in extant takes up the Parthenon marbles, the coins and
work is Pheidian and what is not, on the pri- vases, and also treats of the contemporary
mary assumption that he has the Pheidian style sculptors, Kresilas, Myron, and Polykleitos.
in the alleged copies of the Lemnia.
The style of each of these men is built up, not


1895.]
73
THE DIAL
a
a
from originals, for there are none, but from it by saying that Agesandros was not entirely
Roman copies, as in the case of Pheidias. The original in this work, that he borrowed two tra-
allowances made for innovations and additions ditional types and tried to combine them by
by the copyists are liberal, but possibly they modification. The motive of the left arm was
are liberally erroneous. The general evidence, taken from the Tyche of Melos, but the main
however, creates a probability of correctness. design was taken from an original of which the
The same method is followed with the sculptors Venus of Capua is the best extant copy. The
of the succeeding period, Skopas, Praxiteles, Capuan Venus held a shield resting upon her
and Euphranor, though in the case of Praxiteles left thigh, and contemplated her beauty in it as
the famous original of Hermes lends more cer- in a glass. Agesandros borrowed this motive
tainty to the conclusions. The information for the Venus of Milo, except that he removed
thrown out in these discussions is valuable, and the shield and placed the right hand holding up
indeed, the arguments themselves are most in- the drapery and the left hand holding the apple.
genious and worthy of more consideration than The action is thus apparently strained, though
can be given them in this place. The chapters whether the strain is in the statue or in Pro-
take the form of an historical development, and fessor Furtwängler's theory we are at some loss
the last chapter but one of the book is devoted to determine. He thinks the whole conception
to a new examination of the Venus of Milo. was based upon a Skopasian Venus, but was
This is so very good, and the subject is so fa- somewhat exaggerated in the modification, just
miliar to all, that Professor Furtwängler's argu- as the Venus of Praxiteles was prettified into
ment should be outlined.
the Venus de Medici. Perhaps Professor Furt-
With the statue of the Venus of Milo were wängler is just a little copy-mad and cannot see
found some fragments — a broken arm, a hand originality in anything. The technique of the
holding an apple ; an inscribed plinth, which statue, even, he thinks is borrowed. He detects
was at first thought to be a later addition, was a lack of definition, a weakening, a relaxation
rejected, and was finally lost. Fortunately a of firmness in the forms which is indicative of
drawing of the plinth had been made. It bore the decadence. This, with the epigraphy of the
the artist's name, Agesandros of Antioch. It inscription, allows him to date the statue between
was rejected by savants because the artist was 150 and 50 B. C. “ The stylistic peculiarities
unknown and the work was supposed to be of confirm this later date,” he says. The hair is
an excellence worthy of Praxiteles. The find- treated in the Skopasian manner, the drapery
ing-place of the Venus and all the contradic- in the Pheidian manner; but the latter is imi-
tory stories told about it are thoroughly reëx- tative, like almost all of the work of the middle
amined to prove the genuineness of the frag- of the second century. Therefore the sculptor
ments. They undoubtedly belonged to the was working in the style of Skopas, but availed
statue. The restoration is then begun by plac- himself of the technique of Pheidias in the drap-
ing the inscribed plinth at the right of the ery. Perhaps, again.
statue, the left foot resting upon the raised This whole theory is most interesting, but we
block. The square hole in the plinth is fitted doubt very much if it will be accepted as the
with a short pillar for which abundant warrant final word on the Venus of Milo. In the mean
is found in terra-cottas, coins, gems, and reliefs. time the Venus, the Samothracian Victory, the
The left arm and hand are adjusted to the Hermes, loom colossal in their beauty, and while
figure by reference to the dowel holes, and are archæologists are quarrelling over their dates,
placed resting on the top block of the pillar, attributions, and restorations, how few there are
the hand holding the apple palm upward. The who see the marbles with Greek eyes and appre-
rough workmanship of the back of the hand ciate their inherent excellence regardless of his-
(first thought an inconsistency) is now ac- tory, name, or inscription.
counted for. The back of the hand turned Professor Furtwängler has written a book and
downwards, and was not to be seen by the spec- shown his erudition as becomes a German pro-
tator as it was originally placed. The right fessor. It is really a learned book, and has many
arm comes forward, and the hand clasps the excellent features that have not been mentioned
falling drapery at the left hip.
here. It is a book that has come to stay for a
The uneasy motive of grasping the drapery generation or more, and, while it is positive to
with one hand and the restful motive of the the quarrelling point, it is not a book that the
hand loosely holding the apple are apparently student of archæology can afford to neglect. He
contradictory. Professor Furtwängler explains I may doubt here and there, but the suggestive-


74
(Aug. 1,
THE DIAL
ness of the theories, the knowledge of materials, original and important contribution to systematic
the keenness of insight, will more than com- botany. Professor Potter has done far more than
pensate for errors of judgment or fact. The the work of translation, for in the revision of many
translation is good, and the publishers have important parts he has called in the aid of distin-
guished authorities, notably Dr. Knoblauch for the
dealt handsomely with the book in the matter
of binding, printing, and two hundred and The classification of plants is a very old subject,
Fungi, and Dr. Migula for the Bacteria.
seven reproductive illustrations that accompany in fact the oldest phase of botany, as it will be the
the text.
JOHN C. VAN DYKE. latest. The earlier schemes, however, were artificial,
confassedly so, and the original division into “trees,"
“shrubs,” and “herbs ” is hardly less artificial than
many that have come down to us and are current in
SOME NEW BOTANIES.*
existing manuals. Linnæus is usually spoken of as
the “father of modern botany,” which statement
Probably botanical activity has never been so great
should be taken in a very restricted sense.
His
as during the last decade, and the notable feature of
labors among plants were prodigious, but his results
this activity is that it has been largely along new lines.
combined the labors of all those who worked with
The popular fancy is still too apt to regard botany as
him and who had worked before him. Still, “Sys-
the “scientia amabilis,” and this reputation has
tematic Botany" is using the Linnæan publications
brought the study somewhat into reproach as some-
as the datum line, and we speak of pre-Linnæan and
thing not exactly serious. The science of botany,
post-Linnæan times. Artificial classification culmin-
however, has been revolutionized, and its grasp of ated in the famous twenty-four classes proposed by
the great problems of life is both serious and fruitful.
Linnæus, an easy device for the naming of plants,
The sudden gush of books which are coming almost but suggesting nothing as to their relationship. After
daily to the tables of English-speaking students, is Linnæus “natural systems” began to be proposed,
due primarily to the fact that the numerous new
born of an increasing knowledge of plants, and the
lines of research have been developed far enough to
names of Jussieu, De Candolle, Robert Brown, End-
begin to apply the results to the general subject, and
licher, Brongniart, Lindley, Braun, Hofmeister,
to reconstruct ancient texts upon the basis of new
Bentham and Hooker, Sachs, Eichler, Engler, mark
knowledge. Botanists have waked up to the fact
the development of increasingly "natural systems."
that they have no adequate expression of their science
The recent rapid advance in our knowledge of the
in existing books, notably English books, and they life histories of plants has thrown a flood of light
are writing and translating at a rate which bids fair
upon their phylogeny, and these recent advances Dr.
Warming has sought to express in his manual. The
is, no teacher of botany today is quite satisfied until he
larger outlines have been sketched for some time,
has written a book of his own, and publishers must and successive books are chiefly concerned in re-
be getting bewildered that no text they can secure arranging the details, but it is astonishing with what
finds very extensive sale in the schools.
persistence current manuals cling to obsolete arrange-
The new publications in botany are largely those
ments and mislead the student. It would not be
which deal with the great departments of plant phy- possible to critically compare the Warming presen-
siology, comparative morphology, and ecology. The
tation with others that have gone before and have
most ancient subject, however, is also feeling the appeared since, but they are all broadly alike. To
stimulus of new knowledge, and systematic botany
the general reader it is a matter of greater interest
has been clothed with so new a meaning that the
to know what really is a modern classification of
ancient mummy is not to be recognized. Numerous plants. In the book before us, five grand divisions
notable publications on systematic botany have re-
are recognized, being one more than the usual number.
cently appeared, or are in the process of publication, The lowest division includes the “
“Thallophytes,"
but the one just now before us will serve as an illus-
plants which in general show no differentiation of
tration of the modern tendency. It is commonly the body into such vegetative organs as root, stem,
spoken of as the Warming-Potter Botany, and is a and leaf. This lowest group has always been an un-
translation by Professor Potter of Dr. E. Warming's certain one, for its forms are numerous and puzzling,
Danish “Haandbog i den Systematiske Botanik."
and it may fairly be regarded as an artificial assem-
The translation is a boon to English botanists, for blage. The three subdivisions of Thallophytes are,
this Danish work has long been recognized as an (1) the Myxomycetes, or "slime-fungi,” with bodies
* A HANDBOOK OF SYSTEMATIC BOTANY. By E. Warming;
of naked protoplasm which are claimed alike by
translated and edited by M.C.Potter. Illustrated. New York: botanists and zoologists; (2) the Algæ, that great
Macmillan & Co.
ssemblage of aquatic plants which represent the
A STUDENTS' TEXT-BOOK OF BOTANY. By Sidney H. first development of the plant kingdom ; (3) the
Vines. Illustrated. New York: Macmillan & Co.
Fungi, a host of saprophytes and parasites which by
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF PLANTS: Their Forms, Growth,
degenerate habits have fallen from the alga state.
Reproduction, and Distribution. From the German of Anton
Kerner von Marilaun, by F. W. Oliver. Illustrated. New
The next grand division includes the "Bryophytes,"
York: Henry Holt & Co.
the mosses and liverworts, where root and stem
soon to supply this deficiency. The fact of the matter w.
asse


1895.]
75
THE DIAL
and leaf are for the most part worked out, but whose book, and it can only be said that it binds the whole
bodies are weak from lack of a supporting woody plant kingdom together in one consistent scheme.
framework. The third division includes the first of It is interesting to note Dr. Vines's great divisions
“ vertebrated” plants, the "Pteridophytes," where of the subject of Botany. The book is divided into
belong not merely the ferns, but the scouring rushes, four parts, entitled (1) Morphology, (2) The Inti-
the club-mosses, and certain groups that do not mate Structure of Plants, (3) The Classification of
come within the common experience, but are of vast Plants, (4) Physiology. There can be no question
interest to the botanist. Pteridophytes have a woody that morphology and physiology are two very dis-
framework and may attain tree-like proportions, but tinct and fundamental divisions of the subject, and
their spores are early separated from the parent, in that classification (better taxonomy) is a sort of
a sort of oviparous fashion. The fourth and fifth cap-sheaf for all departments; but anatomy and
divisions have been commonly kept together, as rep- histology should be considered more as a means to
resenting the great group of seed-producing plants, an end than a great division by itself. It enters
called “ Phanerogams,” and commonly “flowering essentially into all work, but can hardly be said to
plants.” Flowers are not peculiar to them, however, have any worthy autonomy. The compound micro-
as Pteridophytes also produce true flowers ; but the scope is also essential in most work, but it is hardly
habit of retaining the spore on the parent during its worth while to have a division of “microscopy."
germination, resulting in the structure known as the The recognition of anatomy as an end, however, is
seed, a kind of viviparous habit, is peculiar to the not so surprising as the failure to recognize the great
group. Dr. Warming finds in the old group Phan- department of ecology. In one sense it may be
erogams sufficient diversity to raise its two usual included under physiology, but hardly more so than
subdivisions to the rank of main divisions, and hence morphology could be included under taxonomy.
"Gymnosperms,” including Conifers and Cycads, be- This book will do more than bring to the beginning
come the fourth grand division, and "Angiosperms, student the science of botany based upon the most
the true flowering plants, the fifth and highest. It recent morphology; it will also go far towards bring-
has long been known that the Gymnosperms are more ing about that uniform terminology which was a
closely related to the Pteridophytes than to the An- crying need of botany.
giosperms, and the present arrangement but empha-
A most fascinating book, not only for the bot-
sizes this fact. It is very curious that in certain man-
anist but for the general reader also, is Mr. Oliver's
uals still current the Gymnosperms are placed in the translation of Kerner's “Natural History of Plants.”
very midst of the Angiosperms. To one familiar
There are to be five parts, two of which are before
with the ordinary school manuals the arrangement The work is copiously and beautifully illus-
of the families of Angiosperms would seem very trated, and deals in popular style, but with scien-
strange, but it is just at this point that recent research
tific accuracy, with some of the most interesting
appears, and, as a consequence, the old artificial problems in the life of plants. It is a pity that the
grouping disappears. It is very evident that the old
translator does not give even a brief preface ex-
systematic botany, with its sets of pigeon-holes and
planatory of the status of the work and its purpose.
its search for plant names, has been set aside, and Several colored illustrations supplement the num-
that the new systematic botany deals with genetic
erous original woodcuts. Professor Kerner has done
relationships.
what more botanists should do : he has brought the
One of the notable books of the year is Dr. Vines's most recent researches within reach of the intelli-
“Text-Book of Botany.” Ever since his admirable gent reader, and in a style so charming that even
work on Plant Physiology, Dr. Vines has been recog- the professional teacher may learn a lesson in the
nized as one of our foremost teachers, and the knowl. art of presentation. In the two volumes before us
edge that he had a general text-book in preparation the general subjects presented are: “the living prin-
created such a demand for it that the first part of ciple of plants,” a discussion of the fascinating prob-
the volume was issued separately in 1894, and was lem of protoplasm and its activities ; "absorption
followed by the remaining part in 1895. The whole of nutriment,” taking up the various sources of sup-
presents the most complete and compact view of mod ply, which leads into such questions as parasitism,
ern botany yet published. The notable feature of symbiosis, etc.; "conduction of food,” where those
the book is that it presents a consistent terminology who think they know something about the “ascent
throughout, and that homologies are not disguised of sap" may find something to learn ; "formation
by a variable set of terms. As one approaches the of organic food,” the story of the conversion of the
higher plants from a study of the lower, he has been mineral into the organic; “metabolism and trans-
confronted by a morphology bred of antiquated ideas port of materials,” under which is described the
that has been confusing and misleading. It may inner activities of the plant; “growth and construc-
come as a shock that “stamens "and “pistils” are tion of plants"; and “plant-forms as completed
not “male” and “female” organs, and that our structures.” The two parts contain nearly 800
whole conception of a “flower” was radically wrong, pages, but the subjects of reproduction and distri-
but it is just as well to have the truth presented. It bution, to be considered in the remaining parts, are
would be impossible to present the details of such a capable of still greater interest in presentation. It
us.


76
[Aug. 1,
THE DIAL
and the rise
will be noticed that the subjects dealt with pertain of the Hundred Days, and of Waterloo, is necessar-
chiefly to morphology and ecology. It is such books ily concise ; but it is graphic and pithy, and in-
as this that will bring botany fairly before the pub- formed with a soldier's enthusiasm for his calling.
lic as a subject of absorbing interest; that will Lord Roberts's "Rise of Wellington " is really
illuminate the botanical lecture-room ; that will con- a compact biographical sketch, touching lightly on
vert the Gradgrind of our modern laboratory into a the “ Iron Duke's” boyhood and youth, and more
student of Nature; that will help carry us through fully upon his military career, which naturally di-
the regions of analysis to those of synthesis, where vides itself into three periods—the Indian, the Pen-
lies the real domain of science.
insular, and the one during which he commanded the
John M. COULTER. Allied Forces in the Netherlands, and plucked a leaf
from Napoleon's fading military laurels at Waterloo.
Lord Roberts's style is smooth, balanced, and log-
ical, and well adapted to his usually cool and crit-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
ical treatment of his theme. He gives an accurate
“ The Decline and Fall of Napo; if not very attractive, personality; but we confess
presentment of Wellington's strong and masterful,
Napoleon's fall
leon," by Viscount Wolseley, and
of Wellington.
“The Rise of Wellington," by Gen-
his conclusion that, as a general, the Duke was Na-
poleon's equal, if not his superior, strikes us as al-
eral Lord Roberts, form the initial volumes of a
promising series of reprints (from the "Pall Mall
most as questionable as Lord Wolseley's opinion
Magazine ") of which Messrs. Roberts Bros. of
that Napoleon was “ by far the greatest of all great
Boston are the American publishers. The ability Wellington is measured by the interval between
men.” The intellectual gulf between Napoleon and
of both the writers named to treat their respective genius and sound practical sense. Although he had
themes adequately from the military standpoint the good fortune to command at Waterloo (when
needs no comment, while the literary competence
famine, the snow, and the Cossacks had reduced to
of the former is amply attested by his brilliant Life
of Marlborough. The central thesis of Lord Wol-
a spectre the superb fighting force which the lib-
seley's book is that the series of disasters, from 1812
eral genius of the French Revolution launchep
against Feudalism), Wellington still shows on the
to the final catastrophe at Waterloo, which marked
the declining phase of Napoleon's career were due
page of history as a pygmy beside the inspired ad-
to the periodic attacks of a mysterious malady to
venturer who, springing from the meanest obscurity,
turned the torrent of the Revolution into the chan-
which he is known to have been subject during his
later years. These attacks, resulting probably from
nel of his private ambition, and mastered Europe.
The little volumes are very neatly gotten up, and
overwork and other less pardonable excesses, took
the form of sudden fits of intense lethargy and
are liberally sprinkled with charts and wood-cuts.
moral prostration, and occurred at seasons of un-
Life and ways
A pleasant little volume, brimful of
usual nervous strain and anxiety — that is to say,
suggestions grateful to the fancy
precisely at those critical junctures where his su-
these torrid days, is Miss Marie Fra-
preme gift of rapid forecast and decision were most ser's "In Stevenson's Samoa" (Macmillan). The
needed. It is known, for instance, that Napoleon book is the outcome of a several months' sojourn
was in a state of partial coma on the morning of at Apia, within easy reach of “Vailima,” Mr. Steven-
Waterloo. Grouchy strove to see him at daybreak, son's retreat, and affords an alluring glimpse of the
but was unable to secure his orders until afternoon idyllic life which so charmed the lamented genius
-a most disastrous delay which enabled Blücher who now “lies where he longed to be," at rest on
to reach the field in time the following day to give the towering peak of Vala. Miss Fraser has natur-
the French their final dispatch there. Said Van-ally woven into her Samoan idyl many memories
damme: “The Napoleon whom we have known of her gifted neighbor, and they all bespeak the
exists no more ; our yesterday's success (of Ligny) gracious temper and unique personal fascination
will have no result.” Lord Wolseley does not hes- which cast so potent a spell over those who knew
itate to assign this curious malady as the primary him. Mr. Stevenson was deeply enamored of the
cause of the Emperor's overthrow at Waterloo. primitive life about him, and would seem to have
Had Napoleon, he concludes, been able to bring the preferred to sever himself as completely as might
impetuous energy of his early days to bear upon his be from the prose and ceremony of the bustling
grandly-conceived plan for the destruction of Wel. world to the westward. Even the library at “ Vai-
lington and Blücher (why will the English insist on lima," with its books and pictures and suggestions
printing it “Blucher"?) in Belgium, the cautious of a renounced civilization, was formal enough to
Englishman would have at least retreated to his clog the wings of his fancy. “I can't write in that
transports at Ostend, while the fiery Prussian would room,” he would say, "it's all so suitable for a lit-
have been almost destroyed at Ligny and only too
erary man - drives every idea out of my head.”
glad to place the Rhine between the remnants of So he would retreat to his work-room, a little “den”
his army and the victor of Jena. Lord Wolseley's with bare floor and varnished walls, from whence
account of the campaigns of 1812, 1813, and 1814, I could be seen the snow-white tropic birds soaring
in "Stevenson's
Samoa."
و


1895.)
77
THE DIAL
-
6
over distant Vala, the summit of which he used to her of her approaching death, she said in her reply,
speak of as his final resting-place. “ This," he said, I thank God for giving me this grace of dying in
" is the sort of a place I can write in — where noth- His quarrel. No greater good can come to me in
ing looks like literature. A deal table and a small this world ; it is what I have most begged of God
bed are all I require ; chairs are an unnecessary
and most wished for.” Such words do not carry
luxury; a mat flung on the ground is all one wants.” conviction : the case is not made out. The English
So minded, he used to inveigh with comic vehe- crown, rather than “God's quarrel,” seems to have
mence against the untimely Europeanizing of his been the centre of her schemes. Memories of
picturesque islanders — especially in the matter of Mary's dubious career in Scotland come in still fur-
dress. His own household retainers wore, as a ther to temper one's sorrow over her later misfor-
matter of right and duty, their graceful, if scanty, tunes. Since Mrs. Scott does not take
up
the broad
native garb; and he was one day much scandalized historical questions connected with Mary's death,
at finding the Samoan servants of a neighboring she says nothing about Mary's stanch defense of
English lady primly incased in "made dresses." the “divine right” principle of the succession to
His sarcastic comments thereon drew the chaste re- the crown, as opposed to rights based upon par-
ply: “Yes, they are all clothed; no woman shall liamentary decree. Probably Elizabeth, in sending
come into my presence who shows any part of her her cousin the block, did not realize how bad an
body.” “Well,” continued Louis Stevenson, “ I just example she was setting to the next generation
blazed at her. Woman,' I thundered, is your of radical Puritans; but if she could execute an
mind so base that you cannot see and admire what anointed Queen for reasons of state, they would
is beautiful in the form God Almighty created ? do doubtless find it easier for similar reasons to exe-
you not understand that their own dress is right cute this Queen’s grandson. Mary's execution is
for the climate and their simple way of living? and consequently more important, historically, as an ele-
do you not see that the first thing you do on land- nent in the break-down of the monarchical prin-
ing on this beautiful island is to pollute their minds ciple than as an incident in the religious struggles
and sully their modest thoughts?” The rejoinder
of the sixteenth century.
of the British Matron is not recorded. We would
by no means imply that Miss Fraser's book is inter-
The fifth volume of “ The Writings
Fifth volume of
the “ Writings
of Thomas Jefferson
esting solely for what it tells us of Mr. Stevenson. It
(Putnam)
of Jefferson."
is vivaciously written, with all the frank charm and
covers the period preceding the open-
gayety of the author's sex and youth. Miss Fra-
ing of the States-general, when the amiable but
ser's story of her house-hunting and house-keeping
unfortunate Louis XVI., with the help of M. de La-
adventures at Apia is very amusing; and she draws fayette, was endeavoring to find a basis of settlement
an altogether engaging picture of Samoan life and
between the aristocracy and the French people; also
ways 80 engaging, indeed, as almost to reconcile
that of the launching of the American Ship of State
one to the philosophy of Jean-Jacques, as unfolded
under command of George Washington, with the Con-
in the Discourses. Mr. James Payn furnishes a
stitution as a compass. What a striking contrast be-
commendatory preface, and there is a frontispiece
tween the unrest and despair filling all the bounds
sketch of the family group at “ Vailima.”
of France, and the ardent expectations of four mil-
lions of people in the New World! Jefferson re-
Significance of the In "The Tragedy of Fotheringay tired from the French mission in time to escape the
creculion of Mary, (Macmillan & Co.) the Hon. Mrs. bloody scenes of Paris, and was succeeded by Gou-
Queen of Scots.
Maxwell Scott, of Abbotsford, tells verneur Morris, who sympathized with the King and
the story of Mary Stuart's last days, of her trial and was horrified at the anarchy which emerged from
execution, in a spirit of loyalty to the memory of the ranks of the tiers état. In this volume, the
one whom the author evidently looks upon as a mar- writings of Jefferson relating to the organization of
tyr to her religious faith. The book is based on the the American Government, and the commercial
best sources for these incidents; principally upon treaties with Great Britain and Spain, are of chief
the Letters of Sir Amyas Paulet, the Queen's jailer, interest. Out of crude suggestions and tentative
and the Journal of D. Bourgoing, her physician. forms grew the simple republican system under
This Journal was discovered at Cluny some years which we have prospered, as a people, to an extent
ago, in an anonymous copy by the French histori- surpassing all previous experience. The wish of
cal writer M. Régis Chantelauze, who published John Adams, and a few others, to retain class dis-
the text, in 1876, at the end of a volume not unlike tinctions was overruled by the practical common-
Mrs. Scott's work in scope.
It is with mixed feel. sense of the majority, who, Jefferson declared,
ings that the reader turns the leaves of this book. showed genuine dignity in placing all on an equality.
There is pity for the fate of such a woman as the The unfortunate feature in Jefferson's career is the
Queen of Scots, and admiration for the noble dig- evidence of party bias of narrow judgments and
nity with which she faced a death of, to say the jealousy. He could not live up to his own ideal.
least, ambiguous significance. She seized every oc- Thus, we find him saying to the Rev. Charles Clay,
casion to suggest the idea that sbe was to suffer for candidate for Congress in 1790, “ I know you are
her religion. When Lord Buckhurst came to warn too honest a patriot not to wish to see our country
a


78
[Aug. 1,
THE DIAL
-
prosper by any means, though they be not exactly includes twenty-five titles, among which "The Wan-
those
you would have preferred,” and that “ It takes dering Jew” and “The Shadow of the Sword ”
time to persuade men to even what is for their seem strangely out of place in an otherwise care-
own good.” Yet, in brief, while he denounces the fully-selected company. With each novel is given
majority of the Washington administration for act- a number of points which the readers were partic-
ing upon this principle, and persuades himself that ularly called upon to notice, and the subjects of the
his political opponents are monarchists in disguise, debates or essays which some of them were expected
we see principally, in this volume, the benevolent to prepare. Thus, in the case of Hugo’s “ Ninety-
and philosophical side of Jefferson, and this is three,” the “points” are the absence of female char-
always charming and instructive.
acters, the respects in which the story is “character-
istically French” (whatever that may mean), and
Some literary
The sort of autobiography of which Lantenac as typical of the best side of the ancien
autobiography ** My Literary Passions” (Harper) | régime. The debate” is on the question of Ci-
from Mr. Howells. is an example is always interesting. | mourdain's condemnation of Gauvain, and the “es-
Mr. Howells is by no means the first to write upon
say on Hugo's view of the Revolution. The book
the theme of “ Books Which Have Influenced Me,” will prove helpful to reading-circles having self-
but we do not just now think of anyone before him improvement as their aim, and suggests a means of
who has made it the subject of a whole volume. culture particularly adapted to the needs of country
Mr. Howells has had many " literary passions "- towns and other small communities.
fifty, or thereabouts, to reckon only from the chap-
ter headings — and in not a few cases it is obvious
that he has loved not wisely, but too well. What
we particularly like about the book, aside from the
BRIEFER MENTION.
unfailing charm of its manner, is the frankly sub- Mr. M. C. Cooke (“Uncle Matt” upon the title-
jective character of the record. Mr. Howells has page) is the author of a series of five little books about
elsewhere sinned not a little in attempting to pass the wild flowers, intended for the use of children. The
off his personal likes and dislikes as objective criti- books are of English origin, and published by Messrs.
cism, but in the present case what he writes is just
T. Nelson & Sons. Each has a colored cover and fron-
what it pretends to be a consecutive account of
tispiece, besides many simple cuts. The species de-
the books that came into his hands during his im-
scribed are English, but so many of them occur in this
pressionable early years, and of the feelings with
country that the books will be found helpful by Ameri-
can children. The titles are these: « Down the Lane and
which he read them. There is an occasional touch
Back," “ Across the Common," “ Through the Copse,"
of Philistinism, as in the plea more than once made
“ Around a Corn-Field,” and “ A Stroll in a Marsh."
for bowdlerizing the English classics in general, or
“ Appletons' General Guide to the United States and
of a lack of appreciation which is simply amazing, as Canada” makes its annual appearance a little late for
in this opinion: “I do not think I should have lost
the tourist season. The usual assurances are given that
much if I had never read • Pericles' and · Winter's the work has been carefully revised to date, and we
Tale.'' In the present work Mr. Howells is con- notice considerable evidence that such a revision bas
cerned with the books that he read, and not with really been made, although the book presents much the
those that he wrote, but he does have a word to say same appearance as in former years. The Canadian
of his own first
volume, and it is to this amusing
section is very meagre. Although this is one of the
effect: “ The · Poems of Two Friends' became in-
most satisfactory guide-books produced in the United
States, it is still far inferior to the Baedeker manuals,
stantly and lastingly unknown to fame; the West
and might learn many lessons from them.
waited, as it always does, to hear what the East
A beautifully-printed and but moderately expensive
should say; the East said nothing, and two-thirds
reissue of Mr. Henry Edward Watts's “ Don Quixote"
of the small edition of five hundred came back upon
is in course of publication by Messrs. Macmillan & Co.
the publisher's hands.”
There are to be four volumes, plus a fifth in the shape
of a biography of Cervantes. This translation is, on
"Four Years of Novel - Reading"
the whole, the best that we have in English, and even
A helpful book
(Heath) is an interesting educational
for reading-circles.
those who need no translation of the immortal romance
tract, descriptive of the work done will find the work almost a necessity to their libraries,
by a Reading Union in a Northumberland country on account of its notes and appendices, to say nothing
town. The work included the reading of a certain
of the forthcoming biography.
number of selected novels by each member of the A new edition of “Gradatim,” prepared by Mr. W.
association, of meetings for discussion of the novels, C. Collar, has been published by Messrs. Ginn & Co.
and of the preparation of papers upon special sub-
Some errors have been corrected, a number of the old
jects suggested by the novels. The little volume
anecdotes dropped, and about thirty pages of new mat-
ter, from Mr. F. Ritchie's “ Fabulæ Faciles," added.
now published gives an account of the Union by Mr.
The same publishers issue a selection of easy Latin
Barrow, its secretary; an introduction on - The
prose from Erasmus, edited by Mr. Victor S. Clark.
Study of Fiction,” by Mr. R. G. Moulton ; and
We are glad to note these attempts to enlarge the read-
four of the papers prepared by members of the
ing of beginners in Latin, and trust that many more
Union. The list of books read during the four years books of the sort will be forthcoming.


1895.]
79
THE DIAL
LITERARY NOTES.
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
August, 1895 (First List ).
A translation of Renan's “Ma Sæur Henriette ” will
soon be issued by Messrs. Roberts Brothers.
Abbey, Edwin A., The Pastels of. F. H. Smith. Scribner.
A pretty, linited edition, at a moderate price, of Fitz
Africa, the Coming Continent. Dial.
Gerald's “Omar ” will be published in a few weeks by
Art Criticism, Modern. John C. Van Dyke. Dial.
the E. W. Porter Co., of St. Paul.
Art Criticism, The New. Mary Logan. Atlantic.
Atlanta Exposition, The. J. K. Ohl. Chautauquan.
Smollett's “ Peregrine Pickle,” in four volumes, has Baptist Journalism. Henry C. Vedder. Chautauquan.
just been added to the charming edition of that novelist Bicycling Era, The. John G. Speed. Lippincott.
which is sold in this country by the J. B. Lippincott Co. Bicycling in Paris. Arsène Alexandre. Scribner.
Beginning with the May number, Messrs. D. C. Heath
Bond Syndicate, The. A. B. Hepburn. Forum.
& Co. will issue in the United States the monthly peri-
Botanies, Some New. John M. Coulter. Dial.
Canada. W. H. Withrow. Chautauquan.
odical “Science Progress,” well-known and successful
Caricature. Nellie B. McCune. Lippincott.
in England.
Chautauqua. Albert S. Cook, Forum.
Mr. Sidney Colvin's biography of Stevenson need not China, Every-day Scenes in. Julian Ralph. Harper.
be expected for two years or thereabouts, but a volume Circus Performer, Life of a. Cleveland Moffett. McClure.
of the novelist's correspondence is promised for the
Civil Service Reform, Six Years of. T. Roosevelt. Scribner,
coming season.
Continental Literature, A Year of. Dial.
“ The New Galaxy” is the title of a new ten-cent
Cracker Cowboys of Florida. Frederic Remington. Harper.
Deep-Waterways Problem, The. E. V. Smalley. Forum.
monthly magazine, published by Mr. Harry C. Jones,
Destiny, Human. W. E. Manley. Arena.
favorably known as editor and publisher of “The
Electric Light. Frank Parsons. Arena.
Monthly Illustrator."
Goethe Archives, The. Eric Schmidt. Forum.
“ The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan,” by Juryman, Wrongs of the. H. N. Shepard. Atlantic.
James Morier, has been added to the Macmillan reprints
Mars, The Oases of. Percival Lowell. Atlantic.
Moltke's Method of War. Archibald Forbes. McClure.
of popular oldtime fiction. It has an introduction by
Santa Barbara Flower Festivals. Chautauquan.
the Hon. George Curzon.
Sound, Mystery of. Will M. Clemens. Lippincott.
An authorized translation of Dr. Paulsen's “ Intro-
Telegraph in England, The. Walter Clark. Arena.
duction to Philosophy,” prepared by Professor Frank Twentieth Century, The. Henry B. Brown. Forum.
Thilly, of the University of Missouri, with a preface by United States, The, 1850 - 60. George W. Julian. Dial.
Professor William James of Harvard, is to be published Vincent, Bishop, and the Chautauqua Assembly. McClure.
immediately by Messrs. Henry Holt & Co.
Woman, The “New.” Alice Hilton. Chautauquan.
The Committee of Twelve of the American Philolog-
ical Association have issued an address in support of
their contention that “not less than three years of in-
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
struction in Greek should be required " in our second-
ary schools as preparation for the classical college course.
[The ollowing list, containing 60 titles, includes books re-
ceived by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
“ A Reformate Wordsworthian" writes from Trinity
College, Dublin, to the “Saturday Review," apropos of
GENERAL LITERATURE.
the poetical vocabulary of Mr. Francis Thompson, in The Golden Book of Coleridge. Edited, with an Introduc-
the following terms: “Sir, -- Could we not touch up tion, by Stopford A. Brooke. With portrait, 16mo, gilt
the more popular songs of the obsolete poets so as to top, uncut, pp. 289. Macmillan & Co. $1.50.
make them intelligible to the admirers of “illuminate
The Lyric Poems of Shelley. Edited by Ernest Rhys.
With portrait, 18mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 233, Macmillan
and volute redundance'? Mr. Francis Thompson has
& Co. $1.00.
enriched the English language with words like acerb, Metaphor and Simile in the Minor Elizabethan Drama : A
crocean, ostends, lampads, preparate (for ready), reform- Dissertation. By Frederic Ives Carpenter. Svo, pp. 217.
ale (for reformed), and many equally desiderable latinate University of Chicago Press.
vocabules. Might we not, by following Mr. Thomp-
A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles. Ed.
son's method, add some degree of • literary gorgeous-
ited by Dr. James A. H. Murray. Vol. III., Part III.,
Deject-Depravation ; 4to. Macmillan & Co. 60 cts. ,
ness' even to the least Thompsonian of our poems ? Notes, Critical and Biographical, on the Art Collection of
For instance, certain well-known verses would be re- W. T. Walters. 8vo, pp. 217. Boston: J.M. Bowles. 75 cts.
deemed from much of their sordid quietude if presented
thus:
FICTION.
By fonts of Dove, ways incalcable,
Meadow Grass: Tales of New England Life. By Alice
Did habitate
Brown. 16mo, uncut, pp. 315. Copeland & Day. $1.50.
A virgin largely inamable
When Valmond Came to Pontiac: The Story of a Lost
And illaudate.
Napoleon. By Gilbert Parker. 16mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 222. Stone & Kimball. $1.50.
A violet by a muscose stone
Semi-occult,
The Old Maids' Club. By I. Zangwill, author of "The
Bachelor's Club." Illus., 12mo, pp. 333. Lovell, Coryell
Formose as astre when but one
& Co, $1.25.
Ostends its vult.
A Gallic Girl. By Gyp; translated by Henri Père Du Bois.
She lived incognite, few could know
12mo, pp. 272. Brentano's "Modern Life Library.” $1.25.
When she cessated.
In the Year of Jubilee. By George Gissing, author of
But O the difference when, lo,
“Eve's Ransom.” 12mo, pp. 404. D. Appleton & Co. $1.
She's tumulated.
Captain Dreams, and Other Stories. By Capt. Charles King.
12mo, pp. 210. J. B. Lippincott Co. $i.
Much obsolete poetry might thus be brought up to
A Magnificent Young Man. By John Strange Winter,
date.” If this be not the hand of Professor Tyrrell, we author of “ Bootle's Baby." 12mo, pp. 325. Lippincott's
lose our guess.
“Select Novels." $1.


80
(Aug. 1, 1895.
THE DIAL
The Girl from the Farm. By Gertrude Dix. 16mo, pp. God and the Ant. By Coulson Kernahan, author of “Sor-
208. Roberts Bros. $1.
row and Song.” 18mo, pp. 48. Ward, Lock & Bowden.
The Mistress of Quest. By Adeline Sergeant, author of
25 cts.
"Under False Pretences." 12mo, pp. 336. D. Appleton
SCIENCE AND NATURE,
& Co. $1.
The Natural History of Aquatic Insects. By Prof. L. C.
At the Relton Arms. By Evelyn Sharp. 16mo, pp. 225. Miall, F.R.S. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 389. Macmillan
Roberts Bros. $1.
& Co. $1.75.
Fate at the Door. By Jesse Van Zile Belden. 12mo, pp. Experimental Plant Physiology. By D. T. Macdougal.
240. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.
Illus., 8vo, pp. 88. Henry Holt & Co. $1.
Old Man Savarin, and Other Stories. By Edward William
Studies in Wild Flowers for the Young. By M. C. Cooke,
Thomson. 16mo, pp. 289. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.
M.A. In 5 vols., comprising : Down the Lane and Back;
Too Late Repented. By Mrs. Forrester, anthor of "Viva." Through the Copse ; A Stroll on a Marsh ; Across the
12mo, pp. 295. Lippincott's “ Select Novels." $1.
Common ; Around a Cornfield. Each, illus., 16mo. T.
A Modern Man. By Ella MacMahon, anthor of " A New Nelson & Sons.
Note." Illus., 16mo, pp. 192. Macmillan's “Iris Series." The Story of the plants. By Grant Allen. Illus., 18mo,
75 cts.
pp. 213. Appletons' “ Library of Useful Stories." ' 40 cts.
Kafir Stories. By William Charles Scully. With frontis- The Royal Natural History. Edited by Richard Lydek-
piece, 18mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 194. Henry Holt & Co. ker, B.A. Part 3; illus., 8vo, uncut. F. Warne & Co.
75 ets.
50 cts.
Chiffon's Marriage. By Gyp (Comtesse de Martel). With BOOKS FOR SCHOOL AND COLLEGE.
portrait, 16mo, pp. 243. Lovell, Coryell & Co. 50 cts.
How Tommy Saved the Barn. By James Otis. With
The Speech of Cicero in Defence of Cluentius. Translated
frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 87. T. Y. Crowell & Co. 50 cts.
into English, with an Introduction and Notes, by W. Pe-
terson, M.A. 12mo, uncut, pp. 174. Macmillan & Co.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD FICTION.
$1.50.
The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle. By Tobias Smol- German Prose and Poetry for Early Reading. By Thomas
lett; edited by George Saintsbury. In 4 vols., illus., Bertrand Bronson. Illus., 16mo, pp. 170. Henry Holt
16mo, gilt tops, uncut. J. B. Lippincott Co. $4.
& Co. $1.25.
Don Quixote of La Mancha. By Miguel de Cervantes Saa- Schiller's Maria Stuart. Edited with English Notes by C.
vedra ; done into English by Henry Edward Watts. New A. Buchheim, F.C.P. 16mo, pp. 262. Macmillan's
edition in 4 vols.; Vol. IV., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 414.
• German Classics." $1.
Macmillan & Co. $2.
Der Trompeter von Sakkingen. Von Joseph Viktor von
The Works of Edgar Allan Poe. Collected and edited by Scheffel; edited by Mary A. Frost. With portrait, 16mo,
Edmund Clarence Stedman and George E. Woodberry. pp. 284. Henry Holt & Co. 80 cts.
Vol. V.; illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 361. Stone & Essays of Elia. By Charles Lamb; edited by N. L. Hall-
Kimbali. $1.50.
ward, M.A., and S. C. Hill, B.A. 16mo, pp. 370. Mac-
The Chouans. By H. de Balzac ; translated by Ellen Mar- millan & Co. 50 cts.
riage ; with a preface by George Saintsbury. Illus., 12mo, Die Jungfrau von Orleans. Von Friedrich Schiller; ed-
gilt top, uncut, pp. 370. Macmillan & Co. $1.50.
ited by A. B. Nichols. New edition ; 16mo, pp. 237.
The Fortunes and Misfortunes of Moll Flanders. By Henry Holt & Co. 60 cts.
Daniel Defoe ; edited by George A. Aitken. In 2 vols., Tennyson's Lancelot and Elaine. With Introduction and
illus., 16mo, gilt tops, uncut. Macmillan & Co. $2.
Notes by F. J. Rowe, M.A. 16mo, pp. 94. Macmillan
The Adventures of Haiji Baba of Ispahan. By James & Co. 40 cts.
Morier; with Introduction by Hon. George Curzon, M.P. Longman's “Ship" Literary Reader, Book Four. Illus.,
Illus., 12mo, pp. 456. Macmillan & Co. $1.25.
12mo, pp. 208. Longmans, Green, & Co. 40 cts.
Hypatia; or, New Foes with an Old Face, By Charles
Kingsley. Pocket edition ; 18mo, pp. 485. Macmillan
EDUCATIONAL.
& Co. 75 cts.
NEW VOLUMES IN THE PAPER LIBRARIES.
THE SEMINARY AT MT. CARROLL, ILL.
Rand, McNally's Globe Library: Desperate Remedies, by With its CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC and SCHOOL
Thomas Hardy; pp. 384.-Fromont, Jr., and Risler, Sr., OF ART. In forty-third year. Excels in the aids given
by Alphonse Daudet; pp. 238. Each, 12mo, 50 cts.
ambitious students of small means. Location beautiful, health-
Bonner's Choice Series: The Meredith Marriage, by Har ful, easy of access ( being near Chicago). Write the Oread
old Payne ; illus., 12mo, pp. 277, 50 cts.
for particulars.
Bonner's Lodger Library : At a Great Cost, by Effie Ad-
elaide Rowlands ; illus., 12mo, pp. 348, 50 cts.
THE OHIO UNIVERSITY AT ATHENS.
Offers first-class Educational Advantages
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.-GUIDE BOOKS.
to a limited number of earnest students.
Malay Sketches. By Frank Athelstane Swettenham. 12mo,
FOR CATALOGUES ADDRESS THE PRESIDENT.
uncut, pp. 289. Macmillan & Co. $2.
Appletons' General Guide to the United States and Can-
YOUNG LADIES' SEMINARY, Freehold, N. J.
ada. Revised edition ; illus. with maps, plans, etc. 16mo,
Prepares pupils for College. Broader Seminary Conrse.
pp. 600. D. Appleton & Co. $2.50.
Room for twenty-five boarders. Individual care of pupils.
Appletons' Dictionary of New York and Its Vicinity. Pleasant family life. Fall term opened Sept. 12, 1894.
Eighteenth revised edition ; illus., 16mo, pp. 284. D. Ap-
Miss EUNICE D. SEWALL, Principal.
pleton & Co. 30 cts.
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL STUDIES.-FINANCE.
HISTORY OF NEW YORK CITY.
The Care of Dependent, Neglected, and Wayward Chil-
By Mrs. M. J. LAMB (late editor “Magazine of American
dren: A Report of the International Congress of Char-
History "). 2 vols. Royal 8vo, $16.00 net.
ities. Edited by Anna G. Spencer and C. W. Birthwell. “Without a rival."-CHARLES A. PARKHURST.
8vo. Johns Hopkins Press.
“In mechanical execution superb."— R. S. STORRS.
The Genesis of California's First Constitution (1846- “Should be in every New York household."-WARD MCALLISTER.
49). By Rockwell D. Hunt, A.M. 8vo, pp. 59. Johns
A. S. BARNES & Co., Publishers, New York.
Hopkins University Studies.' 50 cts.
The Finances of the United States from 1775 to 1789. By ENGLISH BOOKs.
H. W. HAGEMANN,
Charles J. Bullock, A.B. 8vo, uncut. Bulletin of the
NOBLE TYPE.
University of Wisconsin. 75 cts.
Good PAPER.
Importer,
THEOLOGY AND RELIGION.
LONDON IMPRINTS.
160 Fifth Ave. (Mohawk Bldg. ),
The Gospel of Buddha. By Paul Carus. 12mo, pp. 275.
INCOMPARABLE PRICES.
NEW YORK.
Open Court Publishing Co.'s “ Religion of Science Li-
SCARCE EDITIONS.
brary." 35 cts.
HANDSOME BINDINGS.
Catalogue sent gratis.
THE DIAL PRESS, CHICAGO.


AUG 17 Hosta
THE DIAL
A SEMI - MONTHLY JOURNAL OF
Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
EDITED BY
FRANCIS F. BROWNE.
{
Volume XIX.
No. 220.
CHICAGO, AUGUST 16, 1895.
10 cts. & copy.
82. a year.
}
315 WABASH AVE.
Opposite Auditorium.
AUTUMN ANNOUNCEMENTS, 1895.
Messrs. WAY & WILLIAMS, Publishers,
CHICAGO,
Beg to announce the following List of their Autumn Publications.
VOLUNTEER GRAIN.
Poems by Mr. FRANCIS F. BROWNE, editor of “The
Dial.” Limited edition; 160 copies printed, of which
150 will be for sale.
SHELLEY'S TRANSLATION OF - THE
BANQUET OF PLATO."
A dainty reprint of Shelley's little-known translation of
“The Banquet of Plato,” prefaced by the poet's frag-
mentary note on “The Symposium.”
QUEEN HELEN, and Other Poems.
By Mr. John VANCE CHENEY. Limited edition; 160
copies printed, of which 150 will be for sale.
PAUL AND VIRGINIA OF A NORTHERN
ZONE.
A Romance. Translated from the Danish of HOLGER
DRACHMANN.
HAND AND SOUL.
By DANTE GABRIEL Rossetti. Printed by Mr. Will-
iam Morris, at the Kelmscott Press, in “Golden"
type, with specially designed title-page and border,
and in special binding.
VESPERTILIA, and Other Verses.
By ROSAMUND MARRIOTT Watson, author of “A
Summer Night” and “ The Bird-Bride.”
THE MIRACLES OF MADAME ST.
KATHERINE OF FIERBOIS.
This is a register of the miracles as they occurred
(1300-1500) and, really, a set of vignettes of life
during the Hundred Years' War. It is hardly known,
if at all, and very humorous. Translated, with in-
troduction, by Mr. ANDREW LANG.
THE EMANCIPATED.
A Novel. By GEORGE GIssing.
RUSSIAN FAIRY TALES.
Translated by R. Nisbet BAIN. Illustrated by C. M.
GERE.
THE DEATH WAKE; or, Lunacy.
A Necromaunt in Three Chimeras. By Thomas T..
STODDARD. With Introduction by Mr. ANDREW
LANG.
LITTLE LEADERS.
By Mr. WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. A selection from
editorial articles written for "The Dial” by Mr. W.
M. Payne, associate editor.
THE OLD ENGLISH TALES.
By S. BARING GOULD. Illustrated by F. D. BEDFORD.
THEODORE L. DE VINNE.
A portrait of the celebrated printer, etched by Mr.
THOMAS Johxson.
*** Prices of these works, with other details, will be announced later, by
WAY & WILLIAMS, Publishers,
MONADNOCK BLOCK ..CHICAGO.


82
[Aug. 16, 1895.
THE DIAL
Macmillan & Co.'s New Publications
A New Novel by Mrs. HUMPHRY WARD, Author of “ Marcella,” etc.
THE STORY OF BESSIE COSTRELL.
By Mrs. HUMPARY WARD. Uniform with “Marcella.” 1 vol., 12mo, cloth, 75 cents.
“It is the best work Mrs. Ward has done."- Philadelphia Press.
“Mrs. Ward's new story is one of the daintiest little gems I have come across in my weekly literature hunt.”.
"- ALAN
Dale, in the New York World.
“The piece of fiction under consideration is the best short story presented in many years if not in a decade. . . . Pre-
sented so thrillingly and graphically, we cannot avoid pronouncing this short tale a masterpiece.”- Elmira Telegram.
“Every one who did not follow the story as it came out in the magazine will be glad of its appearance in book form, and
it will find a wide reading, not only for the interest and originality of the story, but for the curiosity of seeing the author in
an entirely new vein. As it stands completed it bears the unmistakable mark of an artist's hand. In every way a remark-
ably human and lifelike portraiture, which will take its place as a small but brilliant gem in the distinguished author's literary
crown.
."- Boston Courier.
“Mrs. Ward has done nothing finer than this brief story. The sustained interest, which does not permit the reader to
miss a line; the vivid clearness in which each character stands out in self-revelation; the unfailing insight into the familiar
and confused workings of the village mind — all represent work of the highest class. "The Story of Bessie Costrell' will
become an English classic."- Christian World.
“There are masterly touches and striking sentences in many pages of this little volume. . . . Mrs. Humphry Ward's
admirers will say that she has seldom written with more force than in describing the tardy remorse of the hard, unrelenting
husband.”- London Times.
“Every page shows it to be the work of an artist. The observations of the trained eye, the touches of the skilled writer,
are all there, and what I like in the story is that no words are wasted in the telling. . . . The interest is too strong for one to
lay the book down until it is finished. Mrs. Ward has never written anything more dramatic than this story; the agony of
Old John over his loss, the tragedy of Bessie's end, thrill the reader as few stories succeed in doing, though many of them
make greater efforts."'- New York World.
· An Arctic Adventure."
Written in the true spirit of the Alpine climber.”
ICE-BOUND ON KOLGUEV.
THE ALPS FROM END TO END.
By AUBYN TREVOR-BATTYE, F.L.S., F.Z.S., etc. With nu-
By Sir WILLIAM MARTIN CONWAY. With 100 Illustrations
merous Illustrations and Drawings, and 3 Maps. Large 8vo, by A. D. MOCORMICK. Large demy 8vo, cloth, $7.00,
cloth, gilt top, $7.00.
“A high place among these books of climbing, which appeal to many
“The story is told in a delightfully simple and spontaneous manner. who cannot climb as well as to all who can, will be taken by the very
Mr. Trevor-Battye's simple and unaffected narrative enables us to pleasant volume, 'The Alps from End to End.'"- Times.
learn a good deal.”- London Times.
.“ Written in the true spirit of the Alpine climber. The book con-
“ From beginning to end the story of this adventure is outside the tains a hundred full-page illustrations by that admirable portrayer of
common lines. It is a tale of success of an odd kind.”- Spectator. rock and ice scenery, W. A. D. McCormick."-Scotsman.
"A volume enjoyable for its manner as it is interesting for its mat- " As pleasant a possession as any record that this thrilling sport has.
ter."— Glasgow Herald.
inspired in its devotees."- Daily Chronicle.
66
THE MANUFACTURE OF EXPLOSIVES.
A Theoretical and Practical Treatise on the History, the
Physical and Chemical Properties, and the Manufacture of
Explosives. By OSCAR GUTTMANN, Assoc. M. Inst., C.E.,
F.I.C., etc. 2 vols., 8vo, cloth, $9.00 net.
WRIGHT.- Birdcraft.
A Field Book of Two Hundred Song, Game, and Water
Birds. By MABEL OsgooD WRIGHT. With numerous full-
page Plates containing 128 Birds in the Natural colors, and
other Illustrations. 8vo, bound in linen, $3.00 net.
KOVALEVSKY.- Sonia Kovalevsky.
Biography and Autobiography. I. MEMOIR. By A. C.
LEFFLER (Edgren), Duchessa di Cajanello. II. REMIN-
ISCENCES OF CHILDHOOD. Written by Herself.
Translated into English by LOUISE VON COSSEL. With
Frontispiece. 12mo, cloth, 317 pages, $1.25.
BALZAC.- The Novels of H. De Balzac.
Vol. II. THE CHOUANS (Les Chouans). Translated by
ELLEN MARRIAGE. With an Introduction by GEORGE
SAINTSBURY. Illustrated. 12mo, silk, gilt top, 280 pages,
$1.50.
New Volume of the "Cambridge Historical Series." Edited
by G. W. Prothero, Litt.D., etc.
THE HISTORY OF THE AUSTRALASIAN
COLONIES.
(From their Foundation to the Year 1893.) By EDWARD-
JENKS, M.A., Professor of Law in University College, Liv-
erpool. 12mo, cloth, $1.60 net.
WATTS.- Miguel de Cervantes.
His Life and Works. By HENRY EDWARD Watts. A
New Edition, Revised and Enlarged, with a complete Bib-
liography and Index. With Portrait. 8vo, cloth, gilt top.
(Uniform in size and binding with the Don Quixote.) $2.50.
SWETTENHAM.- Malay Sketches.
By FRANK ATHELSTANE SWETTENHAM, Officier Académie.
12mo, decorated linen, 289 pages, $2.00.
JACKSON.— The Great Frozen Land.
Narratives of a Winter Journey Across the Tundras and a.
Sojourn Among the Samoyads. By GEORGE F. JACKSON,
Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, and Leader of
the Jackson-Harmsworth Polar Expedition. With Illus-
trations and Maps. Edited from his Journals by ARTHUR.
MONTEFIORE. 8vo, cloth, xvii.+ 297 pages, $4.50.
MACMILLAN & COMPANY, 66 FIFTH AVENUE, New YORK.


THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGE
a sug-
.
.
.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage
A YEAR OF CONTINENTAL
prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries
LITERATURE - II.
comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must
be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the The condensation of the “ Athenæum ”sum-
current number. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by express or
mary of European literary productivity dur-
postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and
for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application ;
ing the past year, begun in our last issue, will
and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATEs furnished now be completed by a consideration of the re-
on application. All communications should be addressed to
ports from Italy and Spain, Greece and Hun-
THE DIAL, 315 Wabash Ave., Chicago.
gary, Bohemia, Poland, and Russia.
That a new poet has arisen in Italy is the
No. 220. AUGUST 16, 1895. Vol. XIX. cheering announcement of the Commendatore
Bonghi, who writes of things Italian in this
series of articles. Sig. Giovanni Pascoli, a pro-
CONTENTS.
fessor at Leghorn, is the individual in question,
and his volume is called “ Myricæ ”
A YEAR OF CONTINENTAL LITERATURE - II. 83
gestion of the Virgilian
THE RECENT DEATH ROLL
86
“Non omnes arbusta juvant humilesque myricæ."
Chastity and simplicity are the leading notes of
ENGLAND IN TUDOR TIMES. A. B. Woodford · 87
this poet, although the simplicity is of thought
DARWINISM AND RACE PROGRESS. Frederick rather than of style. Sig. Alfredo Bacelli's
Starr
89 - Vittime e Rebelli” is also a meritorious vol.
e
ume of verse, and not as socialistic as the title
LARNED'S CYCLOPÆDIA OF HISTORY. Arthur
would indicate. Sig. Carducci's ode to the city
Howard Noll
90
of Ferrara, written on the occasion of the ter-
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne
91 centenary of Tasso's death, is, of course, the
Mrs. Craigie's The Gods, Some Mortals, and Lord most important poetical product of the year in
Wickenham.- Mrs. Ward's The Story of Bessie Cos-
trell. — Miss Montrésor's Into the Highways and
Italy. The Tasso celebration, indeed, “has
Hedges. — Pemberton's The Impregnable City, — been the principal literary excitement of the
Murray's The Martyred Fool.-Upward's The Prince twelve months,” and has evoked many publica-
of Balkistan. — Gissing's In the Year of Jubilee.
tions. Chief of these is the three-volume work
Conrad's Almayer's Folly. - Boothby's A Lost En-
deavor.- Boothby's The Marriage of Esther.- Miss by Professor Solerti, which includes both the
Dougall's The Zeit-Geist.- Miss Dougall's The Mer- life and the correspondence of the poet. Other
maid. - Parker's When Valmond Came to Pontiac.
- Mrs. Harrison's An Errant Wooing. – Miss Bige-
Tasso publications are: three volumes of Sig.
low's Diplomatic Disenchantments. — Perry's The Solerti's critical edition, Sig. Prinzivalli’s“ Tor-
Plated City. -- Miss Goodwin's The Head of a Hun-
quato Tasso a Roma” and “Torquato Tasso
dred.-Underwood's Doctor Gray's Quest.-Besant's
In Deacon's Orders.-Moore's Celibates.-Grahame's nella Vita e nelle Opere,” Sig. Prote's “ Rin-
The Golden Age.- Bassett's Hippolyte and Golden- aldo,” and Sig. Carducci's critique of the
Beak.-Harland's Gray Roses.-Miss Murfree's The
Phantoms of the Foot-Bridge.
“Aminta.” Only one novel of the year is found
deserving of praise, that one being Sig. Rovet-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS .
95 ta's “La Baraonda,” an “exceedingly clever
A volume of English fishing lore. — Essays by a
picture of the coulisses of political life.” Pic-
“Punch" contributor. - New selections from Cole-
ridge and Shelley. - Pictur of rustic England. -
coli Schiavi Bianchi," by Sig. G. Errico, is a
Spiritual life in modern English poetry. - The new collection of short stories “ dealing with the
English edition of Balzac. — Industries of primitive
troubles and sorrows of the poorer classes.”
peoples.
The following paragraph about Sig. d'Annun-
BRIEFER MENTION .
98 zio is of considerable interest : “ According to
a French interviewer, he is now contemplating
LITERARY NOTES
98
a series of novels which will be called • I Gigli.'
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
99 He intends to publish these exclusively in
•


84
[Aug. 16,
THE DIAL
“ Most engag
French, because he thinks that only French We do not expect much literature from mod-
readers have ever really understood him. This ern Greece, but Professor Lambros gives us
is as good as saying that he does not wish these an interesting article upon the subject. Among
novels to appear in his own language. Never- the books which he enumerates are a treatise
theless the first of the series, • La Vergine alle on “Greek Metres,” by Professor Semitelos;
Roccie,' is undoubtedly coming out in . Il Con- a “ History of Greek Literature,” by Professor
vito, a very dainty periodical, in which the Mistriotis; some “Studies of Byzantine His-
school of · Young Italy' displays its prowess. tory from the First to the Final Conquest of
I cannot pretend to criticize it, as • Il Convito 'Constantinople,” by Mr. Paul Callegás; a
is at present only in its third number, and it is History of Athens from the Birth of Christ
impossible to say how · La Vergine' will turn to A. D. 1821," by Mr. George Constantinides ;
out."
a work on “ Popular Cosmographic Myths,"
Don Juan Riaño, writing of Spain, begins dedicated to Professor E. Curtius by the au-
with an account of the work being done by the thor, Professor Nicolaus Politis ; and the second
Royal Academy of History, and the remarka- volume of the " Memoirs of Alexander Rhan-
ble activity recently shown in historical, archæ- gabé,” coming down to 1856.
ological, and topographical fields. Even the ingly, sometimes imaginatively, written, this
novelist, Señor Galdos, figures in this depart- book helps to illuminate the history of modern
ment with his “Cuarenta Leguas por Canta- Greece, more especially of its civilization, and
bria.” The colonies also continue to occupy furnishes much that is novel with regard to
the attention of many writers. “Columbus's
“ Columbus's those incidents in which the author himself
quatercentenary has passed away, and yet most bore a part." In belles-lettres, there is little
of the periodical publications, collections of that is noteworthy. Mr. Ephtaliotis has pro-
documents, reviews, and so forth, started on duced a collection of dialect Island Stories,"
account of it, go on still printing papers and and Mr. Passojannis, in his “ First Fairy
tracts (nay, works in three or more volumes) Tales," a volume of dialect popular legends.
exclusively relating to America." Señor Du-
Señor Du. The tragedy of Fausta," by Mr. D. Bernard-
puy de Lôme has recently published an account akis, is the foremost poetical work of the year.
of the war between China and Japan. Spanish The celebration, last February, of Herr
poetry is in a state of decay, and the “ long- Jókai’s seventieth birthday provides Herr M.
winded epic ” seems“ doomed to disappear alto- | L. Katscher with an appropriate introduction
gether." In the drama, there have been two to his report upon Hungarian literature. Thirty
comedies by Señor Echegaray —“La Monja volumes have appeared of the “jubilee edition”
Descalza” and “ Mancha que Limpia.” The of Jókai, to be followed by seventy more. Of
“ Teresa ” of Señor Alas and the dramatization Herr Bródy, perhaps “our second-best novelist,
of " Torquemada y San Pedro," by Señor Gal- a twelve- volume edition has been published,
dos, have both proved failures. Some plays besides a new novelette, “Snow-white.” The
have been written in Catalan and produced at following new works of fiction are noteworthy:
Barcelona, and we are told that the Catalan is “Occidental Tales,” by Herr Herczeg ; " The
spreading more than ever in the eastern prov- Destruction of Nineveh," by Herr Ambrus ;
inces of the Peninsula.” In fiction, Señor “ King Midas,” by the same author ; " The Key
Pereda's “ Peñas Arriba" and Señor Valera's of the Temple,” by Herr Tábori ; and “The
“ La Buena Fama” have been well received, Life of the Pöhölys,” by Herr Gárdonyi. Sev-
while the great success of the year has been eral volumes of poetry are briefly characterized,
Father Coloma's “ Retratos de Antaño," which and two or three plays, among the latter Herr
is rather more history than fiction, and might Várady's iambic tragedy of “Charitas.” “ Its
fairly be called “Memoirs of the Court of diction is splendid.” “ In anticipation of the
France at the End of the Eighteenth Century." millennial celebration, in 1896, of the founda-
The author closes with a somewhat lengthy dis- tion of Hungary, a grand · Millennial National
cussion of Cervantes literature and the prob- History of Hungary' is being issued in many
lems recently raised in connection with the im- volumes, three of which have already seen the
mortal author of “Don Quijote.” The most light. It is being written by various eminent
important book in this department seems to be historians—Professor Marczali among the rest
“ Cervantes Vascófilo,” a vindication from the splendidly got up, illustrated with thousands
charge that Cervantes thought and wrote dis- of pictures, excellently edited by Herr Sándor
paragingly of the Basques.
Szilágyi, and published by the Hungarian
66


1895.]
85
THE DIAL
Athenæum Society. The same Society issues of the Soil,” this work was reviewed by us some
a similar monumental work by many writers, weeks ago. The following paragraph em bodies
entitled . Illustrated History of Literature,' and the most important remaining news of Polish
having a biographical basis.”
fiction : “Mr. J. Zacharyasiewicz, who has just
Bohemia, too, has had its literary centennial celebrated his fortieth year of literary work, is
during the year, according to Dr. J. Krejci, still, in spite of his years, busy, maintaining his
this honor having been bestowed upon the well-merited reputation by new efforts, and has
memory of Paul Joseph Safarik, historian, in the last twelve months brought out three
archæologist, and philologist. As for the lit- new volumes : Under the Three Govern-
erature of the twelvemonth, it is rich in belle- ments,' • Orion and Chrysanthema,' a cutting
tristic work. “Two volumes of verse, Here satire on the naturalistic school of the present
Roses ought to Blow' and · Magdalena,' by day, and above all, the novel · Bread,' to which
Mr. J. S. Machar, are the most conspicuous the political condition in recent years of Prus-
productions of last year. The former contains sian Poland forms a background that is de-
a series of beautiful lyrics, passages from the picted with much skill. In a similar manner,
lives of suffering women ; the latter, scenes but with a considerable infusion of satire, the
from the romance of a girl who, without any celebrated Mr. T. T. Jez has in his romance
fault of her own, had been thrown into the · Elizabeth' portrayed the condition of Gali-
gutter.” Mr. Svatopluk Cech’s “ Songs of a cia.” Besides these novels, mention is made
Slave” is a volume that has gone through of “ Begun in the Morning," a "combination
twenty-three editions in three or four months. of realistic truth with a cheerful optimism," by
* Freedom and liberty are the writer's themes, Mr. Gawalewicz; “Cotton," a story of an in-
and therefore the interest his verses have awak dustrial town, by Mr. Kosiakiewicz; and “The
ened is easily explained, considering our pecu- Golden Chains" of Mr. Gomulicki, “ the
liar political circumstances. His lyrics have highly esteemed lyrical poet and writer of short
an eminently political tendency — the author stories.” The drama has not flourished of late
has himself acknowledged this—and they have in Poland, only a few second-rate plays being
struck the right chord.” Many other books of named; on the other hand, Mr. Kaszewski has
poetry are named, but those we have mentioned made a new translation,
6 which meets all ar-
seem the most important. Bohemian writers tistic and literary requirements,” of the trag-
of fiction have been “especially diligent in edies of Æschylus. Mr. K. Tetmajer has come
writing stories of family and country life.” to the front with a new volume of poems. “He
66 Mr. A. E. Muzík's · Ruins of Life' contains possesses a powerful fancy and integrity of
some simple but touching pictures of human feeling, yet most of his poems express an inner
misery. Mr. K. V. Rais describes in • Forgot- doubt and skepticism or an intoxication of the
ten Patriots' some of the best and noblest, senses.' “ Sobieski before Vienna " is a note-
though unacknowledged workers in the national worthy poem by “ Deotyma," a lady of the later
cause. The same author's pictures of highland Romantic School. Finally, we must not fail to
life, under the title of Toil,' are marked by record the completion of the four-volume life
the warm-hearted feeling which characterizes of Mickiewicz, by his son.
him. Mr. Klostermann's story • From the The last country upon our list is Russia, and
World of Forest Solitudes' introduces the Professor Paul Milyoukov is the correspondent
reader to the depths of the Bohemian Forest, from the great Empire of the North. Fully
while another of his tales, perhaps the best of half of his article is devoted to an account of
them, • In Search of Good Fortune,' treats of economic and social discussion, the general ten-
the life of Bohemians who reside in Vienna, dency of which, in Russia, appears to be rather
which is to many of them a foreign soil.” The toward collectivism in one form or another. In
works of the savants are mostly continuations belles-lettres "the past year has produced noth-
or new editions, and Bohemian scholarship is ing of capital importance." A novel by Mr. Bob-
also represented by new historical and geo-urikin (not named), one by Mr. Mamin-Sibir-
graphical reviews.
iak, entitled “Bread,” and Count Tolstoy's
Dr. Belcikowski tells us, what we might have “ Master and Man," are the chief representa-
been shrewd enough to guess, that “ The Pol- tives of the year's fiction. Mr. Korolenko, who
aniecki Family,” by Mr. Sienkiewicz, is the recently made a trip to England and America,
most important contribution to the Polish lit- has published “ A Free Fight in the House,'
erature of the year. Under the title “ Children a semi-literary commentary on a well-known


86
[Aug. 16,
THE DIAL
incident in the House of Commons "; and On the first of August the news came of the death
“Without a Tongue,” which is “descriptive of Heinrich von Sybel, the great German historian,
of a charming and touching incident in the life at the age of seventy-seven. He was born in 1817,
of some Western Russian peasant emigrants,
at Düsseldorf, and studied at Berlin under Ranke.
hopelessly lost amidst what was to them the
He occupied chairs at Bonn, Marburg, and Munich.
strange population of New York.” Amongst forces with the liberals. His greatest work is his
He also took a prominent part in politics, joining
scholarly works, special prominence is given to “Geschichte der Revolutionszeit,” in five volumes,
“ The Origins of Contemporary Democracy,” brilliant in style and sound in scholarship, which
by Mr. Kovalevski; and “The Russian His- mainly occupied him for a score of years. He also
torical Epos,” by Mr. Jdanof. The following wrote an “Entstehung des Deutschen Königthums,”
facts seem to us of peculiar significance : “ The and numerous books of less importance. He was
great awakening of interest in reading and self- the founder, in 1856, of the “Historische Zeitschrift,”
culture in all classes of society, to which I re-
and director of the Prussian State Archives.
ferred in my last article, is confirmed this year
The death of Julius Zupitza, on the sixth of July,
by observation and facts. Inquiries amongst coming so soon after the loss of Ten Brink, is a
people connected with and interested in rural
heavy blow to English scholarship in Germany.
schools have revealed the existence everywhere His academic posts were at Oppeln, Breslau, Vienna,
Born in 1844, he died at the early age of fifty-one.
of a profound interest in education amongst and Berlin, and he filled the latter for nearly twenty
the rural population. The interest taken by
years. His English studies were very numerous,
the higher classes of the reading public is and among them we should mention his edition of
brought to light in the recently issued work by the “ Elene,” his “ Ælfric's Grammar," his fac-
Mr. Rubakin entitled 'A Study of the Russian simile “ Béowulf,” and his “ Romance of Guy of
Reading Public,' as well as by the great suc- Warwick.” One of his English friends thus writes
cess attained by the Moscow Commission for
of him in “The Athenæum”: “ He was a highly
the Organization of Home Reading, which has gifted, enthusiastic, yet methodical teacher, lucið
in exposition, painstaking, extremely kind, encour-
and
issued three editions of its · Programme of aging, and helpful. He had the highest conceptions
of the aims of university teaching and study; his
Home Reading,' or about 25,000 copies. Be-
instruction was eminently effective, yet he never
sides endeavoring to give a direction to home stooped to using merely utilitarian methods of in-
reading, the Commission has made the first at- struction. He always insisted on the absolute neces-
tempt to introduce another form of university sity of a truly scientific study of the English lan-
extension by causing public lectures to be de- guage and literature in their historical development,
livered in the provinces by travelling lecturers. but he no less insisted on his students gaining a
Parallel with this movement the issue of pop- thorough knowledge of the present state of the lan-
ular works on science has made great strides, guage and of the masterpieces of modern literature,
though these are as yet principally transla-
and he would urge them to make themselves familiar
with English life and manners, if possible, by visits
tions."
to this country.”
THE RECENT DEATH ROLL.
Few men have so endeared themselves to the
American people as Dr. George F. Root of Chicago,
who died at his summer home on the Maine sea-
coast, the sixth of this month. To “ write the songs
of the people” has been held by excellent authority
to be a nobler function than that of the statesman;
and Dr. Root was our song-writer at a time when
song was most needed. Not a composer of music
in any very high sense, he yet knew what chords
would find responsive echo in the popular heart, and
his gift was not grudgingly bestowed. “Tramp,
Tramp, Tramp" and "The Vacant Chair" and "The
Battle Cry of Freedom” are as much a part of our
lives as “America” and “ The Star Spangled Ban-
ner,” and we shall not forget to cherish the mem-
ory of the man to whom we owe them.
Mr. G. C. MACAULAY, whose discovery of a manuscript
claimed to be the lost French poem of Gower we noted
some weeks ago, now writes to the “ Academy” sum-
marizing the reasons in support of his claim. He says,
in part: “ The title, the number of divisions, and the
contents of the book, all correspond exactly with the
account given by Gower of his own work. The author
is an Englishman and a layman, and the French in
which he writes is the same in all essential points with
that of Gower's acknowledged French poems. At the
same time, in its style and manner of treatment, this
book most strikingly resembles the other acknowledged
works of Gower. Finally, the book abounds with pas-
sages
which occur also in the Confessio Amantis'or in
the • Vox Clamantis,' and of the few stories which it
contains most are reproduced in the Confessio Aman-
tis.”” Mr. Macaulay's argument, which is developed
at much length, and enforced by copious quotations
from the newly-discovered poem, may be found in “ The
Academy” for July 27 and August 3.


1895.]
87
THE DIAL
late; as it is for this very reason that history
The New Books.
has constantly to be rewritten. Each succeed-
ing generation, and each new reading of the
inscriptions on the walls, makes possible a
ENGLAND IN TUDOR TIMES.*
clearer view of the essential elements in human
Mr. Traill's third volume † carries the story progress.
of England's progress forward through the six- The real historical significance of Tudor
teenth century — the century of Henry the
absolutism lies in the fact that by it England
Eighth and Elizabeth ; of Wolsey and Thomas was steered safely through the revolutionary
Cromwell ; of Erasmus, Colet, and Sir Thomas period of the sixteenth century. The storm of
More ; of William Cecil, Sir Walter Raleigh, feudal controversy in the Wars of the Roses
and Sir Francis Drake; of Cranmer, Hugh had prepared the way; the culmination of the
,
Latimer, William Tyndale, and John Knox; change, as the nations of Europe passed from
of the group of poets and prose writers whose the mediæval to the modern mould, made the
work gave the name of Augustan to this period strong central power unnecessary. .
Before his
of English literature. It is a century full of
death Henry VIII., “ without an army, without
adventure and of change, of things to interest
an independent revenue, with no open breach
and of things to instruct. Great names and
in constitutional forms, was exercising over a
great deeds crop out over it, as “ Ik Marvel” nation, still proud of its instincts of freedom
has said, as thickly as leaves grow in summer.
and jealous of political innovation, a self-willed
It is the first century of distinctively modern
authority that amounted to a real despotism
times ; the period when the transition from the
(p. 1). Men like Wolsey and Cromwell were
spirit of mediævalism to that of modern com-
instruments in his hands to be used in the
merce was becoming manifest, and not only building of a fabric of absolutism against which
changes were taking place in the industrial and neither the Church nor Parliament, neither the
the political world, but revolutions were devel- aristocracy nor the third estate, was in a posi-
oping in the religious, and above all in the so-
tion to make a stand.
cial, life of the people, - revolutions which “ The bishops' courts, the privileges of sanctuary and
brought into England a “new learning” and a
clergy, had all been blown upon' under Henry VII.;
and now the vast wealth and separate Parliament of the
Renaissance, a new church and a new state, a clerical estate, its alleged ownership of one-fifth of En-
new home and a new school, a new industrial glish land, its dominance in the peerage (where the
relation and commercial connection, and a new spiritual lords still numbered forty-eight out of eighty-
society. Thus is evident at once the need and four), its hold on political power through the almost
unbroken succession of clerical ministers, as chancellors,
the difficulty of a scientific treatment of the
keepers, and presidents of council, all provoked the cry
facts and factors of this great period, as afford- • Restrain'” (p. 49).
ing a guide to the work of present-day social
So Henry restrained. The new church be-
reform.
came dependent on the crown, and the great lay
Mr. Traill's purpose is clearly manifested in
classes gained a social victory over the clerical
the titles he has given to the successive chap- estate which they have ever since maintained.
ters: “ The Old Order Changed," “ The New The new nobility was entirely dependent upon
Forces,” “The New Order," and “The Ex-
the crown.
pansion of England.” He and his co-laborers
“A personal nobility, indebted for their rank, their
seek to show how the preceding causes made emoluments, their importance, and their employment,
subsequent results inevitable. They endeavor to their personal services about the king,—enriched by
wardships, by marriages, by forfeitures, by steward-
to separate the forces which were fundamental
ships in the royal demesnes, continually augmented by
and permanent, from the temporary incidents impeachments of the older houses,- owed everything
in the story. They fail in this, just because to the king. .. . As time went on, the ranks of the
the controversial character of the period makes nobility were opened to merchants, lawyers, borough
the personal equation more difficult to calcu- magistrates, and manufacturers,—men who, risen from
small fortunes, had been enriched by the confiscation of
* SOCIAL ENGLAND. A Record of the Progress of the Peo- the monastic property. And thus it came about that
ple in Religion, Laws, Learning, Arts, Industry, Commerce, from the ranks of the courtiers and from the middle
Science, Literature, and Manners, from the Earliest Times to classes arose a nobility which owed its position to wealth
the Present Day. By Various Writers. Edited by H. D.
or to the favor of the king -
- a nobility which was for
Traill, D.C.L. Volume III. From the Accession of Henry
VIII. to the Death of Elizabeth. New York: G. P. Put-
many years utterly powerless to check the absolutism
of the crown (p. 32).
nam's Son's.
† See THE DIAL, Vol. XVIII., No. 203, pp. 15-17.
Perhaps the chief practical significance of a
6
>


86
[Aug. 16,
THE DIAL
incident in the House of Commons '; and On the first of August the news came of the death
“Without a Tongue,” which is “descriptive of Heinrich von Sybel, the great German historian,
of a charming and touching incident in the life
a
at the age of seventy-seven. He was born in 1817,
of some Western Russian peasant emigrants,
at Düsseldorf, and studied at Berlin under Ranke.
hopelessly lost amidst what was to them the
He occupied chairs at Bonn, Marburg, and Munich.
He also took a prominent part in politics, joining
strange population of New York.” Amongst forces with the liberals. His greatest work is his
scholarly works, special prominence is given to
“Geschichte der Revolutionszeit,” in five volumes,
“ The Origins of Contemporary Democracy,” brilliant in style and sound in scholarship, which
by Mr. Kovalevski; and “The Russian His- mainly occupied him for a score of years. He also
torical Epos,” by Mr. Jdanof. The following wrote an “Entstehung des Deutschen Königthums,"
facts seem to us of peculiar significance: “The and numerous books of less importance. He was
great awakening of interest in reading and self- the founder, in 1856, of the “Historische Zeitschrift,"
culture in all classes of society, to which I re-
and director of the Prussian State Archives.
ferred in my last article, is confirmed this year
The death of Julius Zupitza, on the sixth of July,
by observation and facts. Inquiries amongst coming so soon after the loss of Ten Brink, is a
people connected with and interested in rural heavy blow to English scholarship in Germany.
schools have revealed the existence everywhere His academic posts were at Oppeln, Breslau, Vienna,
Born in 1844, he died at the early age of fifty-one.
of a profound interest in education amongst and Berlin, and he filled the latter for nearly twenty
,
the rural population. The interest taken by
years. His English studies were very numerous,
the higher classes of the reading public is and
among
them we should mention his edition of
brought to light in the recently issued work by the “ Elene,” his “ Ælfric's Grammar," his fac-
Mr. Rubakin entitled 'A Study of the Russian simile « Béowulf,” and his “ Romance of Guy of
Reading Public, as well as by the great suc- Warwick.” One of his English friends thus writes
cess attained by the Moscow Commission for
of him in “The Athenæum”: “ He was a highly
the Organization of Home Reading, which has gifted, enthusiastic, yet methodical teacher, lucid
scarcely commenced work and has already
in exposition, painstaking, extremely kind, encour-
issued three editions of its · Programme of aging, and helpful. He had the highest conceptions
of the aims of university teaching and study; his
Home Reading,' or about 25,000 copies. Be-
instruction was eminently effective, yet he never
sides endeavoring to give a direction to home stooped to using merely utilitarian methods of in-
reading, the Commission has made the first at-
struction. He always insisted on the absolute neces-
tempt to introduce another form of university sity of a truly scientific study of the English lan-
extension by causing public lectures to be de- guage and literature in their historical development,
livered in the provinces by travelling lecturers.
but he no less insisted on his students gaining a
Parallel with this movement the issue of pop- thorough knowledge of the present state of the lan-
ular works on science has made great strides, guage and of the masterpieces of modern literature,
though these are as yet principally transla-
and he would urge them to make themselves familiar
tions."
with English life and manners, if possible, by visits
to this country.”
66
THE RECENT DEATH ROLL.
Mr. G.C. MACAULAY, whose discovery of a manuscript
claimed to be the lost French poem of Gower we noted
Few men have so endeared themselves to the
some weeks ago, now writes to the “ Academy” sum-
American people as Dr. George F. Root of Chicago, marizing the reasons in support of his claim. He says,
who died at his summer home on the Maine sea-
in part: “ The title, the number of divisions, and the
contents of the book, all correspond exactly with the
coast, the sixth of this month. To “write the songs
account given by Gower of his own work. The author
of the people" has been held by excellent authority
is an Englishman and a layman, and the French in
to be a nobler function than that of the statesman; which he writes is the same in all essential points with
and Dr. Root was our song-writer at a time when that of Gower's acknowledged French poems. At the
song was most needed.
Not a composer of music same time, in its style and manner of treatment, this
in any very high sense, he yet knew what chords book most strikingly resembles the other acknowledged
would find responsive echo in the popular heart, and
works of Gower. Finally, the book abounds with pas-
his gift was not grudgingly bestowed. “Tramp,
sages which occur also in the Confessio Amantis'or in
Tramp, Tramp"and “The Vacant Chair" and "The
the Vox Clamantis,' and of the few stories which it
Battle Cry of Freedom” are as much a part of our
contains most are reproduced in the • Confessio Aman-
tis.'” Mr. Macaulay's argument, which is developed
“America” and “ The Star Spangled Ban-
at much length, and enforced by copious quotations
ner,” and we shall not forget to cherish the mem- from the newly-discovered poem, may be found in “ The
ory of the man to whom we owe them.
Academy" for July 27 and August 3.
6
lives as


1895.]
87
THE DIAL
>
he (p. 1). Men like Wolsey and Cromwell were
late; as it is for this very reason that history
The New Books.
has constantly to be rewritten. Each succeed-
ing generation, and each new reading of the
inscriptions on the walls, makes possible a
ENGLAND IN TUDOR TIMES.*
clearer view of the essential elements in human
Mr. Traill's third volume † carries the story progress.
of England's progress forward through the six- The real historical significance of Tudor
teenth century — the century of Henry the
absolutism lies in the fact that by it England
Eighth and Elizabeth ; of Wolsey and Thomas was steered safely through the revolutionary
Cromwell ; of Erasmus, Colet, and Sir Thomas period of the sixteenth century. The storm of
More ; of William Cecil, Sir Walter Raleigh, feudal controversy in the Wars of the Roses
and Sir Francis Drake; of Cranmer, Hugh
had prepared the way; the culmination of the
Latimer, William Tyndale, and John Knox;
change, as the nations of Europe passed from
of the group of poets and prose writers whose the mediæval to the modern mould, made the
work gave the name of Augustan to this period strong central power unnecessary. Before his
of English literature. It is a century full of
death Henry VIII., “ without an army, without
adventure and of change, of things to interest an independent revenue, with no open breach
and of things to instruct. Great names and
in constitutional forms, was exercising over a
great deeds crop out over it, as “ Ik Marvel ” nation, still proud of its instincts of freedom
has said, as thickly as leaves grow in summer.
and jealous of political innovation, a self-willed
It is the first century of distinctively modern authority that amounted to a real despotism”
times ; the period when the transition from the (p. 1). Men like Wolsey and Cromwell were
spirit of mediævalism to that of modern com-
instruments in his hands to be used in the
merce was becoming manifest, and not only building of a fabric of absolutism against which
changes were taking place in the industrial and neither the Church nor Parliament, neither the
the political world, but revolutions were devel- aristocracy nor the third estate, was in a posi-
oping in the religious, and above all in the so-
tion to make a stand.
cial, life of the people, — revolutions which “ The bishops' courts, the privileges of sanctuary and
brought into England a “new learning” and a
clergy, had all been • blown upon ' under Henry VII.;
and now the vast wealth and separate Parliament of the
Renaissance, a new church and a new state,
clerical estate, its alleged ownership of one-fifth of En-
new home and a new school, a new industrial glish land, its dominance in the peerage (where the
relation and commercial connection, and a new spiritual lords still numbered forty-eight out of eighty-
society. Thus is evident at once the need and
nd four), its hold on political power through
the almost
unbroken succession of clerical ministers, as chancellors,
the difficulty of a scientific treatment of the
keepers, and presidents of council, all provoked the cry
facts and factors of this great period, as afford- • Restrain'" (p. 49).
ing a guide to the work of present-day social
So Henry restrained. The new church be-
reform.
came dependent on the crown, and the great lay
Mr. Traill's purpose is clearly manifested in
classes gained a social victory over the clerical
the titles he has given to the successive chap- estate which they have ever since maintained.
ters: “The Old Order Changed,” “ The New The new nobility was entirely dependent upon
Forces," « The New Order," and “The Ex-
the crown.
pansion of England.” He and his co-laborers
“A personal nobility, indebted for their rank, their
seek to show how the preceding causes made emoluments, their importance, and their employment,
subsequent results inevitable. They endeavor to their personal services about the king,—enriched by
to separate the forces which were fundamental
wardships, by marriages, by forfeitures, by steward-
ships in the royal demesnes, continually augmented by
and permanent, from the temporary incidents impeachments of the older houses, owed everything
in the story. They fail in this, just because to the king. . . . As time went on, the ranks of the
the controversial character of the period makes nobility were opened to merchants, lawyers, borough
the personal equation more difficult to calcu- magistrates, and manufacturers,—-men who, risen from
small fortunes, had been enriched by the confiscation of
* SOCIAL ENGLAND. A Record of the Progress of the Peo- the monastic property. And thus it came about that
ple in Religion, Laws, Learning, Arts, Industry, Commerce,
from the ranks of the courtiers and from the middle
Science, Literature, and Manners, from the Earliest Times to classes arose a nobility which owed its position to wealth
the Present Day. By Various Writers. Edited by H. D. or to the favor of the king — a nobility which was for
Traill, D.C.L. Volume III. From the Accession of Henry
VIII. to the Death of Elizabeth. New York: G. P. Put-
many years utterly powerless to check the absolutism
of the crown
nam's Son's.
(p. 32).
+ See The DIAL, Vol. XVIII., No. 205, pp. 15-17.
Perhaps the chief practical significance of a
-
a


88
[Aug. 16,
THE DIAL
study of this century lies, however, in the light idly and on so great a scale that the shilling
it throws on the lines of commercial develop issued in 1551 contained less than one-seventh
ment. A revolution was going on, in agricul- of the amount of fine silver in the shilling of
ture and industry, which Henry was powerless 1527. This naturally threw prices and wages
to direct, although his ministers set themselves, into confusion. A great temptation to coun-
all through the reign, to oppose the current terfeiters aggravated the difficulty of estimat-
tendency, and they were supported by all the ing how far the rapacity and ignorance of the
preachers and thinkers of the day. Growing dishonest Council might carry debasement of
wool had become profitable and a commercial the coin. All this was superadded to the change
spirit was thus infused into agriculture, of which must have come with the increase in the
which the results were twofold: “First, the supply of the money metals resulting from the
breaking up of the old agrarian partnerships, Spanish conquests in America. It thus hap-
in which lords of the manor, parsons, yeomen, pened that the upper and middle classes derived
farmers, copyholders, and laborers were asso- almost the whole of the increased wealth in the
ciated for the supply of the wants of the vil sixteenth century.
lages ; and, secondly, the substitution of pas- All transitions from one industrial pursuit
turage for tillage, and of sheep for corn to another are attended with much misery to a
(wheat].”. This led to extensive enclosures of large body of the laborers. In this instance,
common land and to an entirely new relation- the government persistently interfered to make
ship between lord and tenant. “Under the it harder for agricultural laborers to adapt
old system, it was open to the idleness of one themselves to the new conditions. The late
man to cripple the energy of fifty others. Professor Rogers goes so far as to hold that
To exchange, divide, enclose, and so consol- even in this century the laborers of England
idate the holdings, became the object of the have not recovered the level of the halcyon
rural aristocracy” (p. 353). This movement days of the fourteenth, from which Tudor des-
was greatly aided, consequently, by Henry's potism degraded them.
schemes of confiscation from monastery and The classes immediately above the wage-
guild. In the mean time, manufacturing towns earners, which included small farmers, shop-
were springing up.
keepers, and the small employers, naturally
“Whilst the old corporate' towns are decaying, the profited greatly by the rise in prices, and they
• villages' of Manchester, Birmingham, and Sheffield greatly increased, both in numbers and wealth,
were growing in importance,-partly, no doubt, because
during the reign of Elizabeth.
they were comparatively free from vexatious restric-
tions. Parliament vainly tried to compel people to
“ Among the upper classes, too, we find many evi-
work in the old towns. Economic forces were too strong
dences of increased prosperity. The rise in rents was
for the Government ; in fact, the mediæval organiza- not, indeed, proportionate to the general rise in prices;
tions of labor were breaking down on all sides. The but the upper classes invested largely in the trading and
rise in the price of wool was inducing landlords to turn buccaneering enterprises of the time, which, in spite of
their arable land into pasture, and this change involved frequent losses, brought in on the whole very advan-
extensive ejectments of agriculturists” (p. 121).
tageous returns. Moreover, owing to the spread of
commerce, the prices of many luxuries from abroad ac-
The growth of the spirit of commercialism
tually fell, while others only slightly advanced. The
among Englishmen in the sixteenth century is upper classes now lived in houses built of brick or stone,
evidenced further in the changed feeling re-
with chimneys and glass windows, carpets, cushions, and
other comforts, which had been, before Elizabeth's
garding the taking of interest (usury). The
class of capitalist artisans was now developing corresponding improvement in their dress and in their
;
into a class of capitalist employers ; a market food ” (p. 548).
was thus created for the productive use of
It is the articles dealing with food and dress,
wealth belonging to others. The mutually bene-
with manners and customs, amusements, and
ficial agreement to share the profits of the en-
the like, and contributed to this volume by
terprise, and gradually to take a definite per- Miss Bateson, that give the reader the best
centage on the capital as “ interest," was the
view of social England. Human life is a
inevitable result. The forces compelling it lie
behind all government, deeply buried in the growth, a development, an unfolding. Nowhere
is this life more clearly registered than in the
springs to human activity. Law may direct
everyday affairs. Civilization is revealed in
the current which it is entirely helpless to
the social habits of people in the large cities.
abolish. This principle is further illustrated
by the laws which debased the currency so rap-
A. B. WOODFORD.


1895.]
91
THE DIAL
article on the history of Law was prepared by It is the only story of any length that the writer has
Professor Austin Abbott, Dean of the New thus far sought to tell, and it breaks down com-
York University Law School. Mr. Alan C. pletely when subjected to the tests we are bound to
Reilly, an expert in historical geography, has apply to full-fledged works of fiction. There is no
supplied (besides several outline maps and description worth speaking of ; there is none of that
power of characterization which gives inevitable-
plans) twenty-five ethnographic and historical
ness to the acts of the men and women concerned ;
maps, printed in colors, and exhibiting at a
there is not very much to be said for the occasional
glance the changes history has made in the
pages of psychological analysis, although what praise
political divisions of the world at various times.
the book deserves must be given to this feature and
In its presentation of universal history in to the general phrase-making therewith associated.
convenient encyclopædic form, this work stands But the heaviest indictment against the book must
alone. The eclectic method pursued is a guar- be based upon the fact that its main interest cen-
anty of its trustworthiness; but to make as- tres about a woman of type so loathsome that it is
surance doubly sure in that regard, the editor questionable whether it ought even to appear in
has been careful to introduce the evidence on
fiction, and quite certain that it should be presented,
if at all, with some measure of decent reserve.
both sides of such historical questions as are
We are accustomed to such deep draughts of
still undecided, and to give references to recog-
nized authorities holding views opposed to those large and filled so full with faithful detail
, that “The
fiction from Mrs. Humphry Ward, to canvases so
selected for extended presentation. There re-
Story of Bessie Costrell,” being nothing more than
mains to be applied the experimentum crucis,
a novelette, makes a disappointing impression, in
- the use of these volumes as designed by their spite of the fineness of its conception and execu-
projector. This we have begun, and thus far tion. It is a village tragedy, combined with a study
have found such satisfactory results as to an- of the peasant character as it exists in the midland
ticipate a material lightening of the labor here-
districts. The central incident is the theft of an
tofore bestowed upon historical research.
old man's hoarded savings — as in “Silas Marner,”
which it naturally suggests — and the pathos is in
ARTHUR HOWARD NOLL.
both cases almost unbearable. The wretched woman
who steals the money is a carefully studied type,
but somehow comes just short of being a genuine
creation. There is no doubt, however, of the fine
RECENT FICTION.*
quality of the constructive art displayed in these
That something more is needed in the equipment pages, and no living novelist would need to be
of a novelist than a pretty talent for the turning of ashamed of having written them.
cynical epigrams, or, indeed, than a single pretty "Into the Highways and Hedges" is a title that
talent of any sort, is plainly illustrated by the book straightway suggests the theme of the book that bears
to which Mrs. Craigie has given the meaningless title, it. The story is of an itinerant evangelist of fanati-
“ The Gods, Some Mortals, and Lord Wickenham.” cal type, yet a man of singular simplicity, directness,
THE GODS, SOME MORTALS, AND LORD WICKENHAM. By WHEN VALMOND CAME TO PONTIAC. The Story of a
John Oliver Hobbes. New York: D. Appleton & Co. Lost Napoleon. By Gilbert Parker. Chicago : Stone &
THE STORY OF BESSIE COSTRELL. By Mrs. Humphry Kimball.
Ward. New York: Macmillan & Co.
DIPLOMATIC DISENCHANTMENTS. A Novel. By Edith
INTO THE HIGHWAYS AND HEDGES. By F. F. Montrésor. Bigelow. New York: Harper & Brothers.
New York: D. Appleton & Co.
THE PLATED City. By Bliss Perry. New York: Charles
THE IMPREGNABLE CITY. A Romance. By Max Pem- Scribner's Sons.
berton. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co.
THE HEAD OF A HUNDRED. Being an Account of Certain
THE MARTYRED FOOL. A Novel. By David Christie Mur- Passages in the Life of Humphrey Huntoon, Esqr., Some-
ray. New York: Harper & Brothers.
time an Officer in the Colony of Virginia. Edited by Maud
THE PRINCE OF BALKISTAN. By Allen Upward. Phila-
Wilder Goodwin. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co.
delphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
DOCTOR GRAY's Quest. By Francis H. Underwood, LL.D.
IN THE YEAR OF JUBILEE. A Novel. By George Gissing.
Boston: Lee & Shepard.
New York: D. Appleton & Co.
IN DEACON'S ORDERS, and Other Stories. By Walter Be-
ALMAYER'S FOLLY. A Story of an Eastern River. By sant. New York: Harper & Brothers.
Joseph Conrad. New York: Macmillan & Co.
CELIBATES. By George Moore. New York: Macmillan
A Lost ENDEAVOR. By Guy Boothby. New York: Mac- & Co.
millan & Co.
THE GOLDEN AGE. By Kenneth Grahame. Chicago :
THE MARRIAGE OF ESTHER. By Guy Boothby. New Stone & Kimball.
York: D. Appleton & Co.
HIPPOLYTE AND GOLDEN-BEAK. Two Stories. By George
THE ZEIT-GEIST. By L. Dougall. New York: D. Apple- Bassett. New York: Harper & Brothers.
ton & Co.
GRAY Roses. By Henry Harland. Boston: Roberts
THE MERMAID. A Love Tale. By L. Dougall. New Brothers.
York: D. Appleton & Co.
THE PHANTOMS OF THE FOOT-BRIDGE, and Other Sto-
AN ERRANT WOOING. By Mrs. Burton Harrison. New ries. By Charles Egbert Craddock. New York: Harper &
York : The Century Co.
Brothers.


92
[Aug. 16,
THE DIAL
and force withal. His mission takes him now to the ate conspirators, making Paris their headquarters,
morally benighted rural districts, now to the slums find in him a ready tool. At the last moment, how-
of London, and, since the period chosen is the mid- ever, realizing the essential baseness of the work
dle of the present century, the conditions he meets that he has rashly undertaken to perform, and at
with are greatly different from those of the present the same time furious at the discovery that his as-
day. Among those to whom his message makes a sociates have tricked him, he turns the bomb with
personal appeal is a young girl of refinement and which the crime was to have been committed into
good social position, unhappy in her home surround- an instrument of destruction for himself and for
ings, and impulsive enough to renounce them for the more hardened criminals who have urged him
the sake of sharing, as his wife, the hard existence on. The whole story is told with directness and
of the preacher. It is an unpromising theme, and dramatic effect, and the hero, little deserving of
Miss Montrésor achieves something of a triumph in sympathy as he is, gets enough of it to remain
compelling our sympathetic acceptance of so un- throughout an object of interest. Abhorrence for
and
the
the moral energy of the illiterate preacher end by gether incompatible with a certain degree of respect
winning the reader's heart as they win the heart of for his courage and his devotion to what he believes
the heroine, and these two types, at least, are de- to be the cause of justice. This seems to us to be
lineated with real insight into the workings of char- one of the best of Mr. Murray's many books, and
acter. The remaining features of the book are at the same time one of the best of the recent novels
rather mechanical, and we get no very vivid reali- of “underground Europe." It is far from reach-
zation of the other persons concerned. But the ing the level of Mr. Black’s “Sunrise,” for exam-
conception of the whole thing is a fine one, empha- ple, but it is also well above the level of the merely
sizing, as it constantly does, the fact that genuine sensational stories of similar theme that have be-
worth is largely independent of the accidents of come so abundant of late.
birth and breeding.
“ The Prince of Balkistan" is not so distinctly
Tales of the marvellous can nearly always count raised above that level, and in some of its scenes
upon an audience, and Mr. Max Pemberton is an becomes the merest melodrama. But a slight meas-
adept in their narration. His marvels, to be sure, ure of redemption may be claimed for it on behalf
are of the rational sort made possible by science, of its variety of ingenious incident, and the fresh-
but for that reason none the less impressive. His ness of some of its material. Balkistan is one of
notion of an " Impregnable City," built upon a the Balkan States, and its Prince is a German placed
rocky island in the South Pacific, and made by its upon the throne in accordance with the will of the
founder (an enthusiast of the Count Tolstoy type) | people whom he governs, but in defiance of the
a city of refuge for the oppressed of all nations, is wishes of Russia. The reference to recent happen-
sufficiently novel to keep the interest alert, and the ings in Southeastern Europe is so obvious through-
story is told with vivid coloring and dramatic effect. out that there is no real disguise in any of the proper
The love passages of the story are rather thin and names devised by the author. The story is essen-
unreal, but there is no doubt of the exciting quality tially one of intrigue and adventure, well-planned
of the chapters which depict the siege of the City and exciting
and its downfall.
It is difficult to justify the existence of a book
In “The Martyred Fool,” Mr. Christie Murray that makes its readers think meanly of mankind,
has given us a careful study of an anarchist of the although it possess all the virtues of finished style,
practical modern sort, and an account of the con- symmetrical construction, and vital characterization.
dition and influences which are at work in society,
Since Mr. Gissing's newest fiction, “In the Year
and which are adequate here and there to shape a
of Jubilee,” makes not the slightest approach to any
character of this, at first, seemingly inexplicable
of these forms of excellence, and since its chief
type. The first part of the book shows us our an-
characters are without exception sordid and vulgar
archist in embryo, a child in the Australian bush, examples of humanity, the most complaisant of
living in extreme poverty, learning from his parents
critics would find some difficulty in finding anything
only one thing—that the rich are always and every-
to praise. Mr. Gissing's portrayals of low and mid-
where the oppressors of the poor, taking the lesson dle-class life in England are, with their dull real.
deep into his passionate heart, a child to whom the
ism, about as uninviting as anything that we have
trial and execution of his father for murder appear lately been called upon to contemplate, and the
only in the light of a triumphant substantiation of present example seems to be the worst of them all.
the truth of that lesson ; here is enough to account The story of “ Almayer's Folly” takes us to so
for the anarchistic predisposition, at least. In the remote a place as Borneo, and tells the sombre
second part, the boy, befriended and provided with tragedy of a Dutch trader, seeking a fortune that
an education, has grown to be a man, but his asso- ever eludes him, and living unhappily with a Malay
ciations have been such as to confirm the prejudiced wife. Almost as much interest attaches to his
and bitter view of the social structure impressed daughter, in whose nature the strain of Malay sav-
upon him as a child, and a small group of desper- agery struggles with the European, and finally as-


1895.]
93
THE DIAL
a
serts its mastery. Deserting her parents for the in the late forties, with well-lined purse and the
caresses of a native lover, she crushes the last hope most winning of ways, passes himself off upon the
remaining to her father, and leaves him to the min simple village folk as a natural son of the great
istries of gin and opium that soon put an end to his Napoleon, and with their aid sets about the realiza-
miserable life. The Malay and Arab characters tion of a mad plan for the raising of an army, and
that figure in the narrative seem to be portrayed the expulsion of Louis Philippe from the Tuileries.
with fidelity to their respective racial types, and, Valmond is represented as the embodiment of an
by their contrast with the European, enforces once almost fanatical enthusiasm for the Napoleonic idea,
more the lesson that “ East is East, and West is and as carrying self-delusion almost to the point of
West, and never the twain shall meet."
believing in his own claims.
His influence upon
It might be a little rash to say that the place of
the Pontiac folk, and the contagion of his enthusi-
Louis Sievenson, as a biographer of the beach-com- asm, are finely-planned effects in pure romance, and
ber and a chronicler of life in the isles of the South-
Mr. Parker is to be congratulated upon having
ern Seas, had been already filled, but it is certain
achieved a success almost commensurate with the
that it has a not unworthy occupant in Mr. Guy daring of his invention. We do not know that much
Boothby, two novels by whom are before us. While is gained by telling us, in an epilogue, that Val-
these books have not the felicity of style character- mond really was, unknown to himself, what he had
istic of “ The Ebb-Tide,” and while they make oc-
pretended, and almost believed himself to be. Yet
casional concessions to the lower instincts of novel- the irony of the revelation, coming after his tragic
readers—such, for example, as letting us know that end, is not without being impressive, and the study
the heroes in both cases are English noblemen in of Valmond's character has evidently been made
disguise — that Stevenson, with his healthy demo- with this explanation in ultimate view.
cratic instincts, would never have made, yet they Mrs. Burton Harrison's latest novel is in a new
curiously reproduce in many ways the schooling of vein, for she has chosen, after the fashion of Mr.
their unacknowledged but unquestionable exemplar. William Black, to associate with the interest of a
Of the two, “ A Lost Endeavor" is the slighter per- love-story the interest of travel in some of the most
formance, but perhaps the more artistic in the work. romantic parts of Europe, and thus to provide a pic-
ing out. In “The Marriage of Esther,” there are turesque and varied background for the “ Errant
more loose ends, so to speak, more trains of sugges- Wooing” of her heroes and heroines. Of these there
tion started by the novelist and left for the reader are four, and their story is one of “elective affini-
to do what he can with. But both books are dis-
But both books are dis- ties," declared early enough to preserve the con-
,
tinctly clever performances, and their author is a ventionalities and avoid post-matrimonial complica-
man whom we are likely to have to reckon with dur- tions. It is pleasant to accompany these well-bred
ing the next few years.
people in their wanderings through England, Spain,
Neither “The Zeit-Geist " nor “ The Mermaid" and Morocco, and to share in their hopes and fears,
will add anything to the reputation gained for Miss their ambitions and achievements. The novel is
Dougall by her two earlier novels. The former is of the “international genus, and brings into con-
hardly a story at all, but rather a theological dis- trast, with no little spicy suggestion, the character-
quisition of mystical flavor; the other is so clumsy istics of its English and American characters.
in its machinery that it keeps a reader continually The mark of the amateur is upon almost every
out of patience. Both books are characterized by
page of Miss Bigelow's “ Diplomatic Disenchant-
preoccupation with religious matters, and the writer
ments,” yet it seems less of a defect than it usually
seems to be struggling, not so much for suitable
is, and gives the impression that the writer will soon
expression as for a distinct realization in her own
and easily learn to avoid it. In spite thereof, and
mind of certain fundamental religious problems. equally in spite of a certain carelessness of diction
This imperfect mastery of her material, coupled
and of slips in the use of foreign words and proper
with much amateurishness and unnatural solemnity, names, there is a charm about this unpretentious
prevents Miss Dougall's work from making a deep story--the charm of freshness and spontaneity, the
impression. It is too strenuous to be forcible, too
charm that comes from an observant eye and a vivid
monotonous to be attractive. Its main interest is
sense of the minor humors of life. Then the ex-
to be found in its glimpses of everyday life in the
periences of an American scholar, suddenly trans-
Provinces of Lower Canada.
planted, rather against his inclination, froin the pre-
Mr. Gilbert Parker has allowed a fantastic im- cincts of a New England college to the United States
agination to run riot in his tale of the year “When Legation at a European capital, is by no means bad
Valmond Came to Pontiac.” Yet utterly prepos- stuff for a novel, especially when the writer is qual-
terous as is the conception of the story, it is told ified by residence in the capital concerned to write
with such grace of diction and intensity of feeling entertainingly and truthfully about it. But we ob-
that we are constrained for the moment to accept ject to her having come so dangerously near to mak-
the hero and his claims, to sympathize with him in ing her minister out to be a simpleton ; it was her
his devotion to his cause. For Valmond, coming to desire to score a few humorous points, rather than
the little Canadian village of Pontiac one summer her better judgment, that caused him to be thus
a


94
(Aug. 16,
THE DIAL
plan is
pictured as the embodiment of guilelessness. Some ably exaggerate the merits of the book, and give to
of our national representatives in the diplomatic ser- constructive art the credit for what is, after all,
vice abroad do queer things, Heaven knows, but not nothing more than keen observation and close com-
those belonging to the social stratum in which Miss prehension of a bygone phase of American life,
Bigelow has chosen to find her example of the class. clothed in the mellow wisdom of philosophic age.
Mr. Bliss Perry is one of the most promising of For the present writer, it is no easy task to charac-
the younger Americans who have taken to story-
terize this book, so strong is its personal appeal, yet
telling, and one takes up with pleasurable anticipa- we are compelled to recognize the fact that it has
tions his latest and most ambitious book.
“ The
many faults, that some of its incidents are highly
Plated City” is not so very ambitious, either, for improbable and some of its characters very imper-
it deals only with a little group of people in a Con- fectly vitalized ; that the action is stiff throughout,
necticut manufacturing town, and its plot has but
and the method old-fashioned in the bad sense as
a moderate degree of complication. The most no-
well as the good. On the other hand, the general
ticeable thing about the book is the careful finish of
onceived and even striking, while two
the workmanship; there is nothing scamped, even
or three at least of the leading figures are strongly
in the lesser details. This quality is a source of
individualized.
distinct and unfailing pleasure in itself, and when Of the many volumes of short stories brought
we add that it is conjoined with good style and ex- forth by the past few months, few seem deserving
cellent taste, an interesting story and shrewd sym- of special mention. We have chosen half a dozen
pathetic character-drawing, we need hardly make in of them, English and American, that seem to call
so many words the inference that Mr. Perry has for consideration in this article. Sir Walter Besant
done a very satisfactory piece of work.
shall head the list with “In Deacon's Orders and
One of the most healthful symptoms of our recent
Other Stories." There are eleven pieces in this
literature has been the multiplication of novels based
collection, that which gives it a title being the most
upon the history of our colonial period. Mr. Bynner important. The author calls it a study in "relig-
“
and Mrs. Austin gave us much admirable writing of iosity," a word which is hardly adequate to express
this sort, and many others of our late writers have re- the consummate rascality and hypocrisy combined
verted to the scenes and incidents of the seventeenth of its principal character. The remaining stories
and eighteenth centuries. Miss Maud Wilder Good- are slight productions, and two or three have a dis-
win, already accredited to literature by her finished
tinct flavor of allegory. They are marked by ease
study of “ The Colonial Cavalier,” now joins the ranks and fluency, much fertility of invention, and whole-
of our colonial novelists with “ The Head of a Hun- someness of tone.
dred,” a story of Virginia in the early seventeenth Mr. George Moore's three studies of “Celibates"
century. It is an exceptionally graceful piece of are as distinctly unwholesome as Sir Walter's tales
work, a love-story told with feeling and insight, im- are wholesome. They have a certain finish of style,
bued with the spirit of its period, and made quaint and attempt a subtlety of analysis that we should
by effective touches of archaism. The career of hardly expect of Sir Walter, but the sane outlook
the hero is unfolded, in well-ordered sequence, from of the latter is a far more desirable equipment than
the time when he seeks the New World to forget Mr. Moore's jaundiced vision.
Mr. Moore's jaundiced vision. Indeed, it takes as
the maiden whom he fancies is lost to him, through ugly a word as bestial to characterize the imagina-
various exciting episodes of frontier adventure and tion revealed in the worst scenes of this book. There
Indian warfare, to the final reunion with the wo- is nothing edifying, or even attractive, about the
man who has loved him all the time, he being too sickly types of manhood and womanhood that fill
modest or dull-witted to realize it. The book is a Mr. Moore's gallery; they are “ degenerates” of a
very charming one, simple, tasteful, and bathed in peculiarly disagreeable sort. The author's impres-
the atmosphere of romance.
sionist method, moreover, is as unsatisfactory in an
Dr. Underwood's posthumous novel comes to us
artistic sense, as, from a moral point of view, is his
as something of a surprise, for we had supposed
choice of subjects.
that the author early in life abandoned fiction as a To turn from Mr. Moore's pages to those of Mr.
medium of self-expression. “Quabbin,” to be sure, Kenneth Grahame, in “The Golden Age,” is like
had the semblance of a novel, but the semblance passing from the miasmatic exhalations of a swamp
only, for it was evident enough that the real pur- to the fragrant air of some daisy-starred adjoining
pose of that remarkable book was the presentation meadow. Mr. Grahame's "golden age” is the one
of a social study. “ Dr. Gray's Quest,” too, has in which we have all lived for a brief
space,
something of this character, and will perhaps be when the world was full of wonder, and the imag-
more highly valued for its intimate view of New ination doubted not of its own creations. But few
England town life early in the century than for its of us, when we have outlived it, are able to erect
qualities as mere narrative. In some of its aspects once more in thought the structure of that age, its
it is even too intimate to get much sympathy from form and pressure; the once firm outlines are irre-
readers not of the very puritan stock with which it vocably lost, and the passion of our regret clings to
deals, while those who are of that stock will prob- l images that are but shifting, and to memories
9
the age
a


1895.]
95
THE DIAL
A volume
a
>
whereof we may not understand why they remain
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
so dear. Mr. Grahame is one of the few fortunate
to whom, in manhood, the child's point of view re-
Holiday-makers of a piscatorial turn
mains yet accessible, and these little stories or
of English
will find Mr. John Bickerdyke's
fishing lore.
sketches, that so irresistibly command alternate
“Days of My Life" (Longmans) a
smiles and tears, are unmatched by anything that we
rare book to beguile the evening after a hard day's
know of, unless it be Stevenson's volume of child- fishing. Indeed, we should be puzzled to name on
hood verse. No descriptive words can do justice to
short notice another one of the class quite so good.
the exquisite art of this lovely book—to the charm
The author, we need scarcely say, is a noted English
of its style, the gentleness of its irony, the lambency
Brother of the Angle, and his stories are all first-hand
of its humor, or the deep tenderness of its feeling.
and capitally told. They range themselves under
Such sketches as “A Harvesting,” “The Argo-
the two main headings : “Fresh Water” and “ Salt
nauts,” and “ The Roman Road are classics in Water," with such pleasantly suggestive minor titles
miniature, to be read and reread with ever deepen-
as “ Three Thames Trout,' “In the Murgthal,”
ing delight.
" A Glacier Salmon River,” “On a May Day,”
There are but two stories in Mr. George Bas-
“ Trout Problems,” “ The Bass of the Maelstrom,”
etc. Several of the papers are of a humorous turn,
sett's “Hippolyte and Golden Beak,” and the com-
ponent parts of this title are their respective names.
among them one with the curious title “ Fin-de-
Siècle Fish.” Fin-de-siècle fish, as we gather from
The author, though he writes from the wilds of Wis.
Mr. Bickerdyke, are of no special scientific variety.
consin, appears to be an Englishman. Both stories
are well told, and provided with startling dénoue-
An outcome of civilization, and found always near
ments. Hippolyte is a precocious French boy who
great centres of population, their chief character-
istic is extreme distrust of man, and consequent in-
serves as a gentleman's valet, and ends his career
difference to the usual blandishments in the way of
with the explosion of a dynamite bomb, snatched
bait. If caught at all, it is only by uncouth and
and run away with in time to save the lives which
unorthodox methods—as in the case of Mr. Bicker-
it threatened ; Golden Beak, alias Mrs. Potwin,
is an American divorcée, loved by a descendant of dyke's famous fin-de-siècle trout. This sagacious
fish “had his headquarters opposite a clubhouse on
the Tokugawa shoguns, and by him murdered, in
a certain famous stream.” Flies innumerable had
strange Oriental fashion, when he deems her faith-
floated captivatingly, yet harmlessly, above his ven-
less.
erable head; and there was a story that once, in an
Mr. Henry Harland is, we trust, still an Amer-
ican, although we have lost his presence, and although bread, he had quickly " warped” the line round a
unguarded moment, getting hooked on a piece of
Yellow Books and Parisian haunts now claim his
convenient stump, extracted the hook, and was pla-
attention. The “Gray Roses” of his new volume
cidly rising to some natural flies half an hour after-
are nine in number. They are tales and sketches
wards. New club-members used to bet they would
tinged with the pathos of retrospect, and prefaced
catch him, and old ones would take their bets and
by this “keynote” motto: “Yes, the conception was
pocket their money, asja matter of course. One day
a rose, but the achievement is a rose grown gray.”
there joined the club a comparative novice who,
Several of them are stories of Pays Latin, and
with a novice's conceit, promptly proposed to catch
most of them are infused with the sentiment of the
the fin-de-siècle trout. Old members laughed, took
Quarter. “ The Bohemian Girl ” and “ Castles near
his bets as usual, and languidly awaited the result.
Spain,” first and last in the collection, are probably Next evening the new member arrived provided
the most successful of these pieces.
with many bluebottle flies and (Shade of Walton !)
It is a relief to pass from these sketches of a
a peashooter. He at once began, so to speak, to lay
V sophisticated civilization to Miss Murfree's pictures his parallels. Says our author: “Deftly a half- .
of nature and primitive man in the Tennessee dead bluebottle was puffed out of the tube in front
mountains. Miss Murfree has turned to the short of the fish. It was taken, of course, as everything
story once more, and five such stories, finely imag- eatable from a trout's point of view was taken. The
inative, fill the volume before us. The scenes are fish had a rare supper that evening. . . . He fed
by this time familiar enough to her readers, but the the trout in this way for more than a week; the
Rembrandt-like quality of her art has the old fascin- others smiled and looked on. I will catch him
ation, and its essential truthfulness makes it accept- soon,' said the new member, 'I am only waiting for
able in spite of its repetitions. Perhaps the grave wind.' In three weeks there came a day when a
and studied rhetoric of the descriptive passages is stiff breeze was blowing up-stream. The new mem-
not altogether in keeping with the simple conditions
ber appeared at the clubhouse with a long, slender
of life that are portrayed, or with the rugged emo- rod, with running tackle and a length of fine but
tional nature of these untutored mountain-folk, but strong gut, terminating with a single hook. He took
the sum total of the effect is certainly impressive, his stand some distance below the fish and began
and reveals one of the most masterly hands now at feeding him as usual. On the hook was a bluebottle.
work in American literature.
Good luck helped our friend, who, however, exhibited
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. some skill. The up-stream breeze took the hooked
6


96
(Aug. 16,
THE DIAL
>
>
"
a "Punch"
contributor.
fly just over the trout, and the new member at the peculiarly truthful representations of nature. Luck-
same time puffed a fly out of the tube. Which would ily, however, every fad has its day; so we may
the trout take? Had the rod been in front instead cheerfully expect pseudo-impressionism to go the
of behind him he would have taken neither. But way of good Bishop Berkeley's tar-water and Gen-
he did not see the rod, having no eyes in his tail eral Pleasanton's blue-glass ere long.
(this has been questioned), and the fly containing
the hook was sucked in. How he fought! He died,
" The Golden Book of Coleridge"
New selections
as wise and grand a specimen of a fin-de-siècle fish from Coleridge is the happy title chosen by the Rev.
and Shelley.
as has ever been seen in a trout stream.” A good
Stopford A. Brooke to adorn his vol-
deal of English fishing lore may be extracted from ume of selections from Coleridge's verse. A golden
Mr. Bickerdyke's book.
book it must be that contains “Christabel ” and
“ Kubla Khan,” in spite of whatever alloy of the
Essays by
“Our Square and Circle” (Macmil- less finished work the editor has thought it wise to
lan), by“Jack Easel, sometime include. A feature of the book that must not be over-
Punch's Roving Correspondent," is looked is the remarkable introductory essay, which
not a treatise on geometry or carpentry, as one may makes us more impatient than ever for the comple-
hastily infer from the title. “ Mr. Easel's " Square tion of the author's long-planned and partly executed
is only Dexter Square, Bayswater; and his Circle history of English poetry. The essay is upwards
is merely that of his acquantances and household.
of sixty pages in length, and at least equals the best
The reader will perhaps “shy” at first at the omi- critical treatment to which the poetry of Coleridge
nous fact (strangely paraded on the title-page) of the has yet been subject. We cannot refrain from quot-
author's “ sometime" connection with “ Punch". ing a part of what is said of the poet's opium-eating :
a journal of rather atrabiliary suggestions to the “ More than enough has been said about it from the
American mind. We hasten to say, however, that moral point of view. The mass of right and gentle-
“Mr. Easel’s ” humor is as remote in quality from thinking folk are thoroughly sick of the Pharisaic
the depressing article that forms the staple of that habit in which so many writers indulge, of making
respectable London weekly as it is from the cheap the great poets as well as other men of genius the
buffoonery of the miscalled “ humorous columns moral object-lessons of mankind, or of using their
of our own daily papers. “ Mr. Easel " is a de- errors, especially in matters relating to women, as
lightfully amusing and withal refined writer, with a the ground for endless discussions in biographies,
playful, gently-satiric vein, at times almost Thack-
reviews, sermons, and the daily press. These dis-
erayan in quality. His book comprises a series of cussions minister to the ugliest of all the cravings
brief causeries on his drawing-room, his sanctum, of Society. . . . The long discussion about Shelley
his books, pets, servants, amusements, etc., spiced and his wife and Mary Godwin is intolerable, and
with any number of piquant “ asides on all sorts as uninteresting, except to those whose nectar is
of topics. Evidences of sound taste and sound read- scandal and whose ambrosia is gossip. And how
ing are abundant; and if “ Mr. Easel's " standards wicked it has been! It has turned men's eyes away
and preferences in art and letters are not exactly of from the permanent and noble in him to the tran-
the ultra “ up-to-date” order, our readers are not sient and the commonplace. The reverence due to
likely to think the less of him for that. As to paint- his work has been lowered, and this is an injury to
ing, for instance, he complains, with much reason : mankind. Even Matthew Arnold was carried away
“Old canons of style and grace are forgotten into a ludicrous attempt to make Shelley vulgar.
old standards of excellence are set aside. The one He might as well have tried to vulgarize the star
essential condition of success for a fin-de-siècle pic- Arcturus.” These are words that have long needed
ture is that it shall be original. Group your figures to be said, and we are glad that Mr. Brooke has
in constrained attitudes enshroud them with fog spoken them with so much emphasis.- We may
or deck them in all the colors of the rainbow: paint fitly couple with this volume of Coleridge the sim-
your skies red and your meadows blue: show us a ilar volume, edited by Mr. Ernest Rhys, of "The
sea without ships, knights without courage, youth Lyric Poems of Shelley.” The editor's introduc-
without joy, love-making without beauty, drapery tion is brief but just in its appreciation. Both of
without texture —'impressions' good, bad, or indif- these books have the Dent imprint, and are supplied
ferent — no matter so long as they are original !” in this country by Messrs. Macmillan & Co.
Had “Mr. Easel,” in this passage,
written “
tric” in place of original” he would seem to have
Mr. William H. Rideing's “ In the
Pictures of
hit the case fairly well. We suspect that “ impres-
Land of Lorna Doone” (Crowell)
rustic England.
sionism” (a much-abused term) is made to cover a
is a pretty, inexpensive book, com-
multitude of sins in the direction of personal inca- prising five brief descriptive papers of a rural and
pacity and lack of technical skill; and certainly the summery” flavor, which readers with a taste for
ways of Providence are not more inscrutable than literary quality will do well to add to their sum-
is the current vogue of those amazing productions in mer's list. The volume takes its title from that of
purple, orange, pink, pea-green, and
vermillion, that
the initial paper, the others being: “In Cornwall with
one is nowadays asked to accept (on trust) as quite an Umbrella,” “ Coaching Trips out of London,"
"
:
9)
eccen-


1895.)
97
THE DIAL
“ A Bit of the Yorkshire Coast,” and “Amy Robsart, the
power of the present in the ironic art of Brown-
Kenilworth, and Warwick.” Mr. Rideing's grace- ing; the poetry of religious inquiry in its various
ful and graphic pen seems to bring one very near phases; and, finally, the outlook of faith.” This is
the rustic England of Abbey and Hugh Thomson a praiseworthy programme, even if we may not ac-
- the England, as he says, “ of. The Quiet Life,' of cept the conclusion, “ that the poetry of our age has
fat meadows, flowing verdure, tiled and thatched a vital unity, and witnesses to an advance of the
cottages, mossy, dripping mill-wheels, hawthorn spirit, straight as the logic of experience, from doubt
hedges, inviting inns, and spacious parks, where the to faith and cheer.” Anyone who starts out upon
beeches and oaks throw out rounded, drooping vol- a critical excursion with such a thesis as this to
umes of foliage, that have the soft density of an maintain will be apt unconsciously to make the
exhalation, and where the cuckoo, lark, and night- facts fit therewith ; and, however plausibly they are
ingale are fearless visitors.” The reader who is arrayed by Miss Scudder in support of her conten-
familiar with the polished, park-like beauties of old tion, we feel at many points that something might
England will feel the truth of Mr. Rideing's de- be said upon the other side. Her appreciation of
scription. It accentuates, too, it may be added, pre- the spiritual elements in Victorian poetry is usually
cisely that note of English landscape which, charm keen and adequate, although she now and then dis-
as it may at first, soon palls upon the transatlantic plays a curious blindness, as, for example, toward the
visitor, and awakens a longing for the wilder and social and ethical phases of Mr. Swinburne's work.
less prim and regular beauties of American field To speak of him as “ acknowledging no sphere but
and woodland. Very different, however, from En- that of the senses and the passions” is the most gro
glish landscape in general is that of the land of tesque of perversions. We are surprised, also, to find
“Lorna Doone”— mostly moorland, wild, unculti- no account made of Mrs. Browning and Christina
vated, and solitary, clothed with only gorse, heather, Rossetti, in which work the “ life of the spirit” is
and bracken, or clumps of scrub oaks and dwarf surely, if anywhere, to be found. But in spite of
pines, still the haunt and cover of the wild deer. some defects, Miss Scudder's book is a noteworthy
Nearly everyone who visits this country nowadays contribution to poetical criticism, and deserves the
brings, as a matter of course, Mr. Blackmore's ro- careful attention of students.
mance with him. “ The visitors,” says our author,
“ go forth in the morning, book in hand, and make
The new
“La Peau de Chagrin,” translated
it the gospel for the day" -- which ought to be glory English edition by Miss Ellen Marriage as “ The
of Balzac.
enough for Mr. Blackmore. Mr. Rideing has sea-
Wild Ass's Skin,” inaugurates the
soned his pages with some quaint specimens of rustic new Dent-Macmillan edition of Balzac in English
dialect. Here is one from Cornwall: “While we were which Mr. George Saintsbury has been engaged to
at Penzance a high-pressure sermon was delivered
edit and superintend generally. The edition will,
against modern unbelief; and a fisherman who was we understand, be a practically complete version of
asked what he thought of the preacher answered, the novels, extending to something like forty vol-
"Aw! a stunner a was. He es the boy fer the in-
Each novel will have a special introduction
ferels. Iss aw iss; and a sent the sances (sciences) by the editor,—these introductions forming, with the
to shivereens too. Es no good fer ould Bardar- prefatory essay now published, “a sufficient study
laugh or Darby (Darwin) to coom where a is.'” of Balzac and a sufficient commentary on his work.”
We infer that those ancient temporal and spiritual We have no doubt that Mr. Saintsbury will fulfil rea-
lords, the “squire" and the "parson,” are still sonably the boast implied in the above words, and
strong in Cornwall.
shall await with pleasure his remarks upon the suc-
cessive volumes. The first volume is well printed,
Spiritual life
** The Life of the Spirit in the Mod- tastefully bound, and provided with three etchings.
ern English Poets” (Houghton), by If it may be assumed to set the standard for the
English poetry. Miss Vida D. Scudder, is a work series, the completion of the undertaking will pro-
difficult of characterization in a few words. At
vide English readers with a Balzac far more attract-
tempting, although on a smaller scale and within
ive mechanically than anything existing in French.
the limits of a single nationality, what Dr. Brandes
has attempted in his “Hovedströmninger,” Miss
Mr. Otis T. Mason, an author pro-
Industries of
Scudder has sought to isolate for special study such primitive foundly interested in comparative
peoples.
aspects of modern thought as have attracted to them-
technology, presents us in “The
selves the greater part of English poetic energy Origins of Invention” (Contemporary Science se-
such things, for example, as the revolutionary im- ries, imported by Scribner's Sons) " a study of in-
pulse, the new scientific spirit, the sympathetic envis- dustry among primitive people." Early man and
agement of the historical past, and the aspirations his companion, early woman, were the great invent-
of a deanthropomorphized religion. “Let us study,' ors. They found a world to be subdued. Fire was
she says, “the influence of science in all our poets ; to be discovered and tamed; water was to be har-
the new democracy, especially in Wordsworth ; the nessed; plants and animals were to be cultivated,
early religious and social ideals, especially in Shelley; domesticated, and improved; materials were to be
the power of the past in the poetry of reversion; I sought after and utilized. Professor Mason sketches
umes.
in modern


98
[Aug. 16,
THE DIAL
66
ever.
the history of progress in these and other directions
LITERARY NOTES.
in this truly interesting and suggestive book. The
style, though vague at times, is usually pleasing. “The American Historical Review,” already an-
The descriptions of devices are not always clear. nounced in these pages, will make its first appearance
The illustrations are mainly from specimens in the
in October.
United States National Museum, with which the Eighty-three titles are included in a list of the books
author is officially connected.
written or edited by the Rev. Edward Everett Hale.
May he live to complete his century!
Professor James Taft Hatfield reprints from the
“Methodist Review,” in pamphlet form, a sympathetic
BRIEFER MENTION.
critical study of “The Poetry of Wilhelm Müller.”
“ The Mid-Continent," until recently “The Southern
In the “Library of Philosophy,” edited by Mr. J. H.
Magazine," has discontinued publication, having sold
Muirhead (Macmillan) there has recently been pub- its subscription list and good will to the publishers of
lished a translation, by Miss Helen Dendy, of the
“Scribner's Magazine,” who will fill out all unexpired
“Logic" of Dr. Christoph Sigwart, of Tübingen. The
subscriptions.
translation is not only authorized, but has been carefully
Mr. J. M. Bowles has moved his beautiful quarterly,
revised by the author. It fills nearly a thousand large
“Modern Art,” from Indianapolis to Boston, and now
pages, divided into two volumes. In comparison with
inaugurates his third volume with a number dated Jan-
this bulky treatise, Dr. Noah K. Davis's “ Elements of
Inductive Logic” (Harper) is as a pygmy to a giant,
uary 1, 1895. Two more numbers will follow in quick
succession, enabling the periodical to “catch up." A
being designed for use as an elementary college text-
new typographical dress makes it more attractive than
book. It is a systematic and carefully-written manual.
Two translations of Count Tolstoy's “ Master and
A new series of manuals of the history of literature,
Man” have reached us. One is translated by Mr. A.
projected by Mr. Gosse, is promised for the near future.
Hulme Beaman (Appleton), and has an introduction by English literature will be taken by the editor, French
Mr. W. D. Howells; the other is the joint production of
by Professor Dowden, Italian by Dr. Garnett, Greek by
Miss Yekaterina Alexandrovna Ludwig and Dr. George
Professor G. G. A. Murray, Japanese by Mr. Basil Hall
Bruce Halsted, and is published by “The Neomon,” in
Chamberlain, and Modern Scandinavian by Dr. Georg
Austin, Texas. The latter version appears to be the
Brandes.
more careful and exact. As for the story, it teaches,
Messrs. Dodd, Mead & Co. have purchased the library
in the author's familiar didactic style, the lesson of the
of Mr. Norton Q. Pope, of Brooklyn, and will place it
common humanity that is shared by the lowest and the
on private sale. There are less than ten thousand vol.
highest in the social scale, and exalts the beauty of sac-
umes in the collection, but the average value is very
rifice in a singularly touching manner.
high. The most famous number is the Caxton “Morte
Mr. Richard B. Gruelle is the author of a volume of Darthur," the only perfect copy in existence. It is re-
“ Notes, Critical and Biographical,” upon the famous ported that the price paid for the library was $150,000.
art collection of Mr. W. T. Walters, of Baltimore.
The latest addition to the lengthening list of publica-
Aside from the artistic feeling and critical insight dis-
tions issuing from the University of Chicago Press is
played in no small measure by this work, it appeals to
the first number of « The American Journal of Soci-
the book-collector by the great beauty of its mechanical
ology,” a bi-monthly review. The Faculty of Social
execution. The volume is one of over two hundred
Science, with Professor Albion W. Small at the head,
pages, and is printed in black and red, upon Michallet
constitutes the editorial board. The new review pre-
paper. It is published by Mr. J. M. Bowles, the editor
of “ Modern Art,” in a limited edition, and copies may
sents a dignified appearance and an attractive pro-
be had at the absurdly low price of seventy-five cents.
gramme. We congratulate the editors both upon their
first number and upon their pioneer occupation of an
We predict that the edition will not last long. The ad-
important field.
dress of Mr. Bowles is 286 Roxbury street, Boston.
Mr. Frederick Saunders, librarian of the Astor Li-
« Deutscher Wortschatz; oder, Der Passende Aus-
brary, celebrated his eighty-eighth birthday on the thir-
druck,” is the title of a sort of German thesaurus pre-
teenth of August. He is well preserved and active.
pared by Herr A. Schlessing, and obtainable in this
Mr. Saunders was born in London, his father having
country from Messrs. B. Westermann & Co. Its lists
been the senior member of the firm of Saunders & Ot-
of synonyms and groupings of allied words and expres-
ley, book publishers. He was well educated, and at the
sions make it a very valuable aid for those who have
age of thirty he was sent to this country to endeavor to
occasion to express themselves in German, or to trans- influence such action by Congress as would prevent
late into that language. The work was first published American piracy of English books. His attempts to
three years ago, and the present is a second and revised
this end were not successful, although petitions for an
edition.
international copyright were headed by such men as
Dr. Morton W. Eastman's “ Readings in Gower” is Irving, Bancroft, and Bryant. Mr. Saunders deter-
a recent publication of the University of Pennsylvania, mined to remain in this country, and was engaged in
obtainable through Messrs. Ginn & Co. Dr. Eastman various positions before becoming connected with the
has been going through the Gower manuscripts in the Astor Library. In 1859 he was appointed assistant
British Museum, and has made a large number of cor- librarian of the Astor Library, and in 1876 librarian,
rections in the current printed texts. Every owner of where he has continued ever since. Mr. Saunders is
Pauli will need this little volume as a supplement, and well known to book readers, particularly of the older
will be likely to share the author's conviction that a generation, as the author of “Salad for the Solitary”
new edition of the “Confessio Amantis"is sorely needed. and other once-popular volumes of light essays.


1895.]
99
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 48 titles, includes books re-
ceived by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
GENERAL LITERATURE.
New Studies in Literature. By Edward Dowden. 8vo,
gilt top, pp. 451. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $3.
Bibliographica: A Magazine of Bibliography. Part VI.,
4to, uncut. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $2.
Twenty-five Letters on English Authors. By Mary
Fisher. 12mo, pp. 406. S. C. Griggs & Co. $1.50.
The Monist: A Quarterly Magazine. Vol. V.; Svo, pp. 640.
Open Court Pub'g Co. $3.
Moods: A Journal Intime. Edited by E. St. Elmo Lewis.
Vol. 2; illus., 8vo, uncut. Philadelphia: The Jenson
Press. $1.25.
Goethe's Faust. By Kuno Fischer; trans. by Harry Riggs
Wolcott. Vol. I., Faust Literature before Goethe ; 12mo,
pp. 218. Manchester, Ia.: H. R. Wolcott.
HISTORY.
How Marcus Whitman Saved Oregon: A True Romance.
By Oliver W. Nixon, LL.D.; with Introduction by Rev.
F. W. Gunsaulus, D.D. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 339.
Chicago: Star Pub'g Co.
British Rule in Central America. By Ira D. Travis, Ph.M.
8vo, pp. 36. Publications of the Mich. Political Science
Ags'n. 25 cts.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
Life of Sir James FitzJames Stephen, Bart., K.C.S.I.,
A Judge of the High Court of Justice. By his Brother,
Leslie Stephen. With Portraits, 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp.
504. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $4.50.
Miguel de Cervantes: His Life and Works. By Henry Ed-
ward Watts: New edition, revised and enlarged; with
portrait, 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 292. Macmillan & Co.
$2.50.
Sonia Kovalevsky. Memoir by A. C. Leffler (Edgren),
Reminiscences of Childhood, by Herself; translated by
Louise von Cossel. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 317. Mac-
millan & Co. $1.25.
Li Hungchang. By Prof. Robert K. Douglas. With por-
trait, 12mo, uncut, pp. 251. Warne's " Public Men of
To-day," $1.25.
Lord John Russell. By Stuart J. Reid. With portrait,
12mo, pp. 381. Harper & Bros. $1.
Wolfe. By A. G. Bradley. With portrait, 12mo, pp. 214.
Macmillan's “ English Men of Action." 60 cts.
Bullet and Shell: A Soldier's Romance. By Geo. F. Will-
iams, author of "The Memorial War Book." Illus.,
12mo, pp. 454. Fords, Howard & Hulbert. $1.50.
Sentimental Studies, and A Set of Village Tales. By Hu-
bert Crackanthorpe, author of "Wreckage." 12mo, pp.
288. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.
Master Wilberforce: The Study of a Boy. By “Rita,"
author of " A Gender in Satin." 12mo, pp. 342. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.
On the Point: A Summer Idyll. By Nathan Haskell Dole,
author of "Not Angels Quite." Illus., 16mo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 252. Joseph Knight Co. $1.
Her Majesty: A Romance of To-day. By Elizabeth Knight
Tompkins, author of " An Unlessoned Girl.” 12mo, pp.
222. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.
A Bit of Finesse: A Story of Fifty Years Ago. By Harriet
Newell Lodge. 12mo, gilt top, uncat, pp. 104. Indian-
apolis : Bowen-Merrill Co.
Cause and Effect. By Ellinor Meiron. 18mo, pp. 291. G.
P. Putnam's Sons. 75 cts.
NEW VOLUMES IN THE PAPER LIBRARIES.
Lovell, Coryell’s Series of American Novels: Tales of
Soldiers and Civilians, by Ambrose Bierce; 16mo, pp.
300, 50 cts.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Pony Tracks. Written and Illustrated by Frederic Rem-
ington. 8vo, pp. 269. Harper & Bros. $3.
A Holiday in Spain and Norway. By Caroline Earle
White, author of “Love in the Tropics." 16mo, pp. 120.
J. B. Lippincott Co.
A Trip to England. By Goldwin Smith. 32mo, pp. 136.
Macmillan's “Miniature Series." 25 cts.
PHILOSOPHY.
Pan-Gnosticism: A Suggestion in Philosophy. By Noel
Winter. 12mo, pp. 184. Transatlantic Pub'g Co.
FINANCIAL AND POLITICAL STUDIES.
A New Monetary System of Capital and Labor. By Ed-
ward Kellogg. 12mo, pp. 374. U. S. Book Co. 25 cts.
Are We Losing the West? By Mason A. Green. 16mo,
pp. 32. Boston: C. E. Brown & Co. 10 cts.
POETRY.
In Camphor. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 101. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.25.
FICTION.
The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan. By James
Morier. In 2 vols.; with portrait, 12mo, gilt tops, uncut.
Stone & Kimball's" English Classics." $2.50.
My Lady Nobody. By Maarten Maartens. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 413. Harper & Bros. $1.75.
“The Little Huguenot": A Romance of Fontainebleau.
By Max Pemberton, author of " The Impregnable City."
With portrait, 18mo, pp. 177. Dodd, Mead & Co. 75 cts.
When Charles the First Was King: A Romance of Os-
goldcross, 1632-1649. By J. S. Fletcher. 12mo, pp. 418.
A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.50.
The Story of a Marriage. By Mrs. Alfred Baldwin, author
of “Richard Dare." New and revised edition; illus.,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 317. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.
An Imaginative Man. By Robert S. Hitchens, author of
"The Green Carnation." 12mo, pp. 287. D. Appleton &
Co. $1.25.
The Veiled Doctor. By Varina Anne Jefferson Davis.
12mo, pp. 220. Harper & Bros. $1.25.
A Pair of Blue Eyes. By Thomas Hardy, author of “Life's
Little Ironies." With frontispiece, 12mo, pp. 454. Har
per & Bros. $1.50.
BOOKS FOR SCHOOL AND COLLEGE.
The Natural Course in Music for Public Schools. By Fred-
eric H. Ripley and Thomas Tapper. In six books ; 12mo.
American Book Co.
The American Government, National and State. By B.
A. Hinsdale, Ph.D., author of “Schools and Studies."
New and revised edition ; 12mo, pp. 488. The Werner
Co. $1.50.
The Principles of Physics. By Alfred P. Gage, Ph.D.,
author of “Elements of Physics." Illus., 12mo, pp. 634.
Ginn & Co. $1.55.
Readings in Gower. By Morton W. Easton, Ph.D. 8vo,
pp. 50. Ginn & Co. 60 cts.
The New Gradatim. Prepared by William C. Collar.
16mo, pp. 189. Ginn & Co. 55 cts.
Shakespeare's King Henry the Eighth. Edited by K.
Deighton. 16mo, pp. 183. Macmillan & Co. 40 cts.
Johnson's Rasselas. Edited, with Introduction and Notes,
by Oliver Farrar Emerson, A.M. With portrait, 16mo,
pp. 179. Holt's “English Readings."
Graduate Courses: A Handbook for Graduate Students.
Edited by C. A. Duniway. 12mo, pp. 135. Macmillan
& Co. 25 cts.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Jesus as a Teacher. By B. A. Hinsdale, author of "The
American Government." 12mo, pp. 330. St. Louis, Mo.:
Christian Pub'g Co.
Game Birds. By Theodore S. Van Dyke, author of “The
Still Hunter."
16mo, gilt top, pp. 219. Fords, Howard
& Hulbert. $1.50.
Strength: A Treatise on the Development and Use of Mus-
cle. By C. A. Sampson. Illus., 12mo, pp. 240. Rand,
McNally's “Rialto Series.” 50 cts.


100
[Aug. 16, 1895.
THE DIAL
JOSEPH GILLOTT'S
STEEL PENS.
The Boorum & Pease Company,
.
OF
FRENCH BOOKS.
Readers of French desiring good literature will take pleas-
ure in reading our ROMANS CHOISIS SERIES, 60 cts. per
vol. in paper and 85 cts. in cloth ; and CONTES CHOISIS
SERIES, 25 cts. per vol. Each a masterpiece and by a well-
GOLD MEDALS, PARIS, 1878 AND 1889. known author. List sent on application. Also complete cat-
alogue of all French and other Foreign books when desired.
His Celebrated Numbers,
WILLIAM R. JENKINS,
303-404–170—604-332 Nos. 851 and 853 Sixth Ave. (48th St.), NEW YORK.
THE BOOK SHOP, CHICAGO.
And his other styles, may be had of all dealers
SCARCE BOOKS. BACK-NUMBER MAGAZINES. For any book on any sub-
throughout the World.
ject write to The Book Shop. Catalogues free.
JOSEPH GILLOTT & SONS, NEW YORK. THE BOSTON FOREIGN BOOK-STORE.
A complete stock of French, German, Italian, and Spanish
standard works. New books received as soon as issued.
Large assortment of text-books in foreign languages. Com-
plete catalogues mailed free on demand.
MANUFACTURERS OF
CARL SCHOENHOF,
THE STANDARD BLANK Books.
(F. H. CASTOR & CO., Successors),
Importers of Foreign Books,
(For the Trade Oniy.)
23 SCHOOL STREET
BOSTON, MASS.
Everything, from the smallest Pass-Book to the largest
Ledger, suitable to all purposes — Commercial, Educational,
HISTORY OF NEW YORK CITY.
and Household uses.
Flat-opening Account-Books, under the Frey patent.
By Mrs. M. J. LAMB (late editor “Magazine of American
History"). 2 vols. Royal 8vo, $16.00 net.
For sale by all Booksellers and Stationers.
"Without a rival."-CHARLES A. PARKHURST.
“In mechanical execution superb."- R. S. STORRS.
“Should be in every New York household."-WARD MCALLISTER.
FACTORY: BROOKLYN.
A. S. BARNES & CO., Publishers, New York.
Offices and Salesrooms :
101 & 103 Duane Street
NEW YORK CITY.
INTEREST TO AUTHORS AND PUBLISHERS: The
skilled revision and correction of novels, biographies, short stories,
plays, histories, monographs, poems; letters of unbiased criticism and
ROUND ROBIN READING CLUB
advice; the compilation and editing of standard works. Send your MS.
to the N. Y. Bureau of Revision, the only thoroughly-equipped literary
bureau in the country. Established 1880 : unique in position and suc-
Designed for the Promotion of Systematic
cess. Terms by agreement. Circulars. Address
Study of Literature.
Dr. TITUS M. COAN, 70 Fifth Ave., New York.
The object of this organization is to direct the reading ENGLISH Books.
H. W. HAGEMANN,
of individuals and small classes through correspondence. NOBLE TYPE.
The Courses, prepared by Specialists, are carefully Good PAPER.
Importer,
adapted to the wishes of members, who select their own
LONDON IMPRINTS.
160 Fifth Ave. (Mohawk Bldg.),
subjects, being free to read for special purposes, general
INCOMPARABLE PRICES.
NEW YORK
improvement, or pleasure. The best literature only is
SCARCE EDITIONS.
HANDSOME BINDINGS.
Catalogue sent gratis.
used; suggestions are made for papers, and no effort
spared to make the Club of permanent value to its
members. For particulars address,
EDUCATIONAL.
MISS LOUISE STOCKTON,
MT. CARROLL (CARROLL CO., ILL.) has a SEMI-
4213 Chester Avenue, PHILADELPHIA. NARY, MUSICAL CONSERVATORY, and SCHOOL
OF ART, where young women of superior ability, though
OLD SOUTH LEAFLETS.
small means, can enjoy all the advantages of students with
wealth. The aim is to draw talent and worth, regardless of
wealth or its lack.
Eight new Leaflets have been added to the series.
No. 48. BRADFORD'S MEMOIR OF ELDER BREWSTER. THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO.
No. 49. BRADFORD'S FIRST DIALOGUE.
Head of the State system of public education.
No. 50. WINTHROP'S “CONCLUSION FOR THE PLANTATION
Literary courses and technical schools.
IN NEW ENGLAND."
TUITION FREE.
No. 51. "New ENGLAND's First Fruits," 1643.
Coeducational. Address the PRESIDENT, Columbus.
No. 52. John ELLIOT'S“ INDIAN GRAMMAR BEGUN."
No. 53. John COTTON's “God's PROMISE TO His PLANTA- THE OHIO UNIVERSITY AT ATHENS.
TION.”
Offers first-class Educational Advantages
No. 54. LETTERS OF ROGER WILLIAMS TO WINTHROP.
to a limited number of earnest students.
No. 55. THOMAS HOOKER'S “WAY OF THE CHURCHES OF
FOR CATALOGUES ADDRESS THE PRESIDENT.
NEW ENGLAND."
The Old South Leaflets are sold at the low price of 5 cents a copy, or
YOUNG LADIES' SEMINARY, Freehold, N. J.
$4.00 per 100, the aim being to bring valuable original documents within Prepares pupils for College. Broader Seminary Course.
easy reach of persons interested in historical studies. Complete list
sent on application.
Room for twenty-five boarders. Individual care of pupils.
DIRECTORS OF OLD SOUTH STUDIES, Pleasant family life. Fall term opened Sept. 12, 1894.
Old South Meeting House, Boston.
Miss EUNICE D. SEWALL, Principal.
THE DIAL PRESS, CHICAGO.


?
AUG 31 Redd
THE DIAL
A SEMI- MONTHLY JOURNAL OF
Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
EDITED BY | Volume XIX.
FRANCIS F. BROWNE. I No. 221.
CHICAGO, SEPT. 1, 1895.
10 cts. a copy.315 WABASH AVE.
Opposite Auditorium.
82. a year.
HARPER'S
MAGAZINE.
VALUABLE
BOOKS.
THREE GRINGOS
IN
CENTRAL AMERICA
(Illustrated)
BY
MARK TWAIN Relates some curious expe-
RICHARD HARDING
riences in an article entitled
DAVIS.
Mental Telegraphy Again.
OWEN WISTER Traces the Genealogy of the American Cowboy in
The Evolution of the Cow-Puncher.
Short Stories by THOMAS A. JANVIER, IAN SEPTEMBER
MACLAREN, and JULIAN RALPH.
The German Struggle for Liberty, Joan of Arc,
NUMBER
Hearts Insurgent, etc., etc.
(NOW READY.)
HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK.
THE BEST RECENT NOVELS.
THE VEILED DOCTOR.
A Novel. By VARINA ANNE JEFFER-
son Davis. Post 8vo, Cloth, Orna-
mental, $1.25.
WITH THE PROCESSION.
A Novel. By HENRY B. FULLER, Au-
thor of "The Cliff-Dwellers," etc.
Post 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.25.
THE MASTER.
A Novel. By I. ZANGWILL, Author
of “Children of the Ghetto," eto.
Illustrated. Post 8vo, Cloth, Orna-
mental, $1.75.
THE MAYOR OF CASTER-
BRIDGE.
A Novel. By THOMAS HARDY. New
Edition. With Etched Frontispiece.
Crown 8vo, Cloth, $1.50.
BILLY BELLEW.
A Novel. By W. E. NORRIS, Author
of “Marcia," "Thirlby Hall," " A
Man of His Word," eto. Illustrated.
Post 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.50.
THE PRINCESS ALINE.
By RICHARD HARDING Davis, An-
thor of " Van Bibber, and Others,"
• The Exiles, and Other Stories,"
"The Ruler of the Mediterranean,"
etc. Illustrated by C. D. Gibson.
Post 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.25.
A DAUGHTER OF THE SOIL.
A Novel. By M. E. FRANCIS. Post
8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.25.
MY LADY NOBODY.
A Novel. By MAARTEN MAARTENS,
Author of " An Old Maid's Love,"
etc. Illustrated. Post Svo, Cloth,
Ornamental, $1.75.
BEYOND THE DREAMS OF
AVARICE.
A Novel. By WALTER BESANT, Au-
thor of "The Rebel Queen,” “ All
Sorts and Conditions of Men," etc.
Illustrated. 12mo, Cloth, Orna-
mental, $1.50.
THE MARTYRED FOOL.
A Novel. By David CHRISTIE MUR-
RAY. Post 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental,
$1.25.
A PAIR OF BLUE EYES.
A Novel. By THOMAS HARDY. New
Edition. With Etched Frontispiece.
Crown 8vo, Cloth, $1,50.
DIPLOMATIC DISENCHANT-
MENTS.
A Novel. By EDITH BIGELOW. Post
Svo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.25.
THE JUDGMENT BOOKS.
By E. F. BENSON, Author of “Dodo."
Illustrated. Square 32mo, Cloth,
Ornamental, $1.00. In “Harper's
Little Novels."
MEN BORN EQUAL.
A Novel. By HARRY PERRY ROBIN-
SON. Post 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental,
$1.25.
RHODES'S UNITED STATES.
Vol. Ill.
History of the United States from the
Compromise of 1850. By JAMES FORD
RHODES. Vol. III., 1860-62. With
Maps. 8vo, Cloth, Uncut Edges and
Gilt Top, $2.50. (Vols. I. and II., pub-
lished in 1892, $5.00.)
MEMOIRS OF BARRAS.
Member of the Directorate. Edited,
with a General Introduction, Prefaces,
and Appendices, by GEORGE DURUY.
Translated. With Seven Portraits in
Photogravure, Two Facsimiles, and
Two Plans. In Four Volumes. Vol.
I., The Ancient Régime and the Rev-
olution. Vol. II., The Directorate up
to the 18th Fructidor. 8vo, Cloth,
Uncut Edges and Gilt Tops. Vols. I.
and II. now ready. $3.75 per volume.
THE LIFE OF SAMUEL J.
TILDEN.
By JOHN BIGELOW, Author of “Life of
Benjamin Franklin,' France and
the Confederate Navy," Editor of
“ Writings and Speeches of Samuel J.
Tilden," etc. With Portraits and
Illustrations. Two Vols. 8vo, Cloth,
Uncut Edges and Gilt Tops, $6,00.
COMPLETION OF GREEN'S
SHORT HISTORY.
Illustrated.
A Short History of the English People.
By JOHN RICHARD GREEN. Illus-
trated Edition. Edited by Mrs. J.R.
GREEN and Miss KATE NORGATE. In
Four Volumes. With Colored Plates,
Maps, and Numerous Illustrations.
Royal 8vo, Illuminated Cloth, Uncut
Edges and Gilt Tops, $5.00 per vol-
ume. Half Leather, $30.00 per set;
Three-quarter Calf, $40.00 per set.
THE AMERICAN CONGRESS.
A History of National Legislation and
Political Events, 1774–1894. By Jos-
EPH WEST MOORE. 8vo, Cloth, $3.00.
)
9
.
Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.


102
[Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
FRENCH BOOKS.
Readers of French desiring good literature will take pleas-
ure in reading our ROMANS CHOISIS SERIES, 60 cts. per
vol. in paper and 85 cts, in cloth; and CONTES CHOISIS
SERIES, 25 cts. per vol. Each a masterpiece and by a well-
known author. List sent on application. Also complete cat-
alogue of all French and other Foreign books when desired.
OLD SOUTH LEAFLETS.
Eight new Leaflets have been added to the series.
No. 48. BRADFORD'S MEMOIR OF ELDER BREWSTER.
No. 49. BRADFORD'S FIRST DIALOGUE.
No. 50. WINTHROP'S “CONCLUSION FOR THE PLANTATION
IN NEW ENGLAND."
No. 51, “New ENGLAND'S FIRST FRUITS," 1643.
No. 52. JOHN ELLIOT'S“ INDIAN GRAMMAR BEGUN."
No. 53. John COTTON'S " God's PROMISE TO HIS PLANTA-
TION."
No. 54. LETTERS OF ROGER WILLIAMS TO WINTHROP.
No. 55. THOMAS HOOKER'S “WAY OF THE CHURCHES OF
NEW ENGLAND."
The Old South Leaflets are sold at the low price of 5 cents a copy, or
$4.00 per 100, the aim being to bring valuable original documents within
easy reach of persons interested in historical studies. Complete list
sent on application.
DIRECTORS OF OLD SOUTH STUDIES,
Old South Meeting House, BOSTON.
WILLIAM R. JENKINS,
Nos. 851 and 853 Sixth Ave. (48th St.), NEW YORK,
HISTORY OF NEW YORK CITY.
By Mrs. M. J. LAMB (late editor “ Magazine of American
History"). 2 vols. Royal 8vo, $16.00 net.
“ Without a rival."-CHARLES A. PARKHURST.
“In mechanical execution superb."- R. 8. STORRS.
“Should be in every New York household."-WARD MCALLISTER.
A. S. BARNES & CO., Publishers, New York.
THE BOOK SHOP, CHICAGO.
SCARCE BOOKS. BACK-NUMBER MAGAZINES. For any book on any sub-
ject write to The Book Shop. Catalogues free.
ROUND ROBIN READING CLUB
Designed for the Promotion of Systematic
Study of Literature.
The object of this organization is to direct the reading
of individuals and small classes through correspondence.
The Courses, prepared by Specialists, are carefully
adapted to the wishes of members, who select their own
subjects, being free to read for special purposes, general
improvement, or pleasure. The best literature only is
used; suggestions are made for papers, and no effort
spared to make the Club of permanent value to its
members. For particulars address,
MISS LOUISE STOCKTON,
4213 Chester Avenue, PHILADELPHIA.
THE BOSTON FOREIGN BOOK-STORE.
A complete stock of French, German, Italian, and Spanish
standard works. New books received as soon as issued.
Large assortment of text-books in foreign languages. Com-
plete catalogues mailed free on demand.
CARL SCHOENHOF,
(T. H. CASTOR & CO., Successors),
Importers of Foreign Books,
23 SCHOOL STREET
BOSTON, MASS.
JOSEPH GILLOTT'S
STEEL PENS.
OF INTEREST TO AUTHORS AND PUBLISHERS: The
skilled revision and correction of novels, biographies, short stories,
plays, histories, monographs, poems; letters of unbiased criticism and
advice; the compilation and editing of standard works. Send your M8.
to the N. Y. Bureau of Revision, the only thoroughly-equipped literary
bureau in the country. Established 1880: unique in position and suc-
cess. Terms by agreement. Circulars. Address
Dr. TITUS M. COAN, 70 Fifth Ave., New York.
GOLD MEDALS, PARIS, 1878 AND 1889.
EDUCATIONAL.
His Celebrated Numbers,
303-404-170—604-332
And his other styles, may be had of all dealers
throughout the World.
JOSEPH GILLOTT & SONS, NEW YORK.
THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF OHIO.
Head of the State system of public education.
Literary courses and technical schools.
TUITION FREE.
Coeducational. Address the PRESIDENT, Columbus.
The Boorum & Pease Company,
MANUFACTURERS OF
THE SEMINARY, WITH ITS SCHOOL OF ART AND
CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC, AT MT. CARROLL,
ILLINOIS, refers readers to its card in the last two issues of
THE DIAL.
THE STANDARD BLANK Books.
(For the Trade Only.)
Everything, from the smallest Pass-Book to the largest
Ledger, suitable to all purposes Commercial, Educational,
and Household uses.
Flat-opening Account-Books, under the Frey patent.
For sale by all Booksellers and Stationers.
THE OHIO UNIVERSITY AT ATHENS.
Offers first-class Educational Advantages
to a limited number of earnest students.
FOR CATALOGUES ADDRESS THE PRESIDENT.
FACTORY: BROOKLYN.
Offices and Salesrooms:
101 & 103 Daane Street
NEW YORK CITY.
YOUNG LADIES' SEMINARY, Freehold, N. J.
Prepares pupils for College. Broader Seminary Course.
Room for twenty-five boarders. Individual care of pupils.
Pleasant family life. Fall term opened Sept. 12, 1894.
Miss EUNICE D. SEWALL, Principal,


1895.]
103
THE DIAL
Macmillan & Co.'s New Publications
THE THIRD VOLUME NOW READY.
THE NOVELS OF H. DE BALZAC.
Edited by GEORGE SAINTSBURY. To be completed in about 40 volumes, published monthly.
AT THE SIGN OF THE CAT AND RACKET.
(LA MAISON DU CHAT RUI - PELOTE.)
By H. DE BALZAC. Translated by CLARA BELL. With a Preface by GEORGE SAINTSBURY. With 3 Illustra-
tions drawn and etched by W. BOUCHER. 12mo, silk, gilt top, $1.50.
ALREADY PUBLISHED:
Vol. I. THE WILD ASS'S SKIN (La Peau de Chagrin).
Translated anew by ELLEN MARRIAGE. With a General Introduction to the Series and a Special Introduction
to this Novel, by GEORGE SAINTSBURY, and a Portrait and 2 full-page Etchings by W. BOUCHER.
THE CHOUANS.
Translated by ELLEN MARRIAGE. With an Introduction by GEORGE SAINTSBURY. With Illustrations.
Mr. George Saintsbury has undertaken the editorship of this edition of Balzac. He has contributed to the first volume
an interesting and valuable Introduction, dealing biographically with Balzac and critically with his work in general, and he
will also contribute an Introduction to each work as it appears. The translations themselves will in no case be reprints of
former versions, but have been and will be specially executed under the supervision of the editor, Mr. Saintsbury.
99
“ An Arctic Adventure."
ICE-BOUND ON KOLGUEV.
By AUBEN TREVOR-BATTYE, F.L.S., F.Z.S., etc. With nu-
merous Illustrations and Drawings, and 3 Maps. Large 8vo,
cloth, gilt top, $7.00.
“The story is told in a delightfully simple and spontaneous manner.
Mr. Trevor-Battye's simple and unaffected narrative enables us to
learn a good deal.”-- London Times.
"From beginning to end the story of this adventure is outside the
common lines. It is a tale of success of an odd kind."-- Spectator.
“A volume enjoyable for its manner as it is interesting for its mat-
ter."- Glasgow Herald.
* Written in the true spirit of the Alpine climber.”
THE ALPS FROM END TO END.
By Sir WILLIAM MARTIN CONWAY. With 100 Illustrations
by A. D. McCORMICK. Large demy 8vo, cloth, $7.00.
“A high place among these books of climbing, which appeal to many
who cannot climb as well as to all who can, will be taken by the very
pleasant volume, 'The Alps from End to End.'"'-- Times.
“Written in the true spirit of the Alpine climber. The book con-
tains a hundred full-page illustrations by that admirable portrayer of
rock and ice scenery, W. A. D. McCormick."-Scotsman.
“As pleasant a possession as any record that this thrilling sport has
inspired in its devotees."- Daily Chronicle.
A NEW NOVEL BY MRS. HUMPHRY WARD, AUTHOR OF "MARCELLA," ETC.
THE STORY OF BESSIE COSTRELL.
By Mrs. HUMPHRY WARD. Uniform with “ Marcella.” 1 vol., 12mo, cloth, 75 cents.
"Mrs. Ward's new story is one of the daintiest little gems I have come across in my weekly literature hunts."- ALAN
DALE, in the New York World.
“Mrs. Ward has done nothing finer than this brief story. The sustained interest, which does not permit the reader to
miss a line ; the vivid clearness in which each character stands out in self-revelation; the unfailing insight into the familiar
and confused workings of the village mind - all represent work of the highest class. The Story of Bessie Costrell' will
become an English classic."- Christian World.
"Every page shows it to be the work of an artist. The observations of the trained eye, the touches of the skilled writer,
are all there, and what I like in the story is that no words are wasted in the telling. The interest is too strong for one to
lay the book down until it is finished. Mrs. Ward has never written anything more dramatic than this story; the agony of
Old John over his loss, the tragedy of Bessie's end, thrill the reader as few stories succeed in doing, though many of them
make greater efforts." - New York World.
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
MARCELLA. 12mo, $1.00.
THE HISTORY OF DAVID GRIEVE. 12mo, $1.00.
ROBERT ELSMERE. 12mo, 1.00.
New Volume, Just Published, of
MACMILLAN'S ILLUSTRATED STANDARD NOVELS
MAID MARIAN AND CROCHET CASTLE.
By THOMAS LOVE PEACOCK. Illustrated by F. H. Town-
SEND. With an Introduction by GEORGE SAINTSBURY.
12mo, cloth, $1.25.
New Volume.
MACMILLAN'S NOVELISTS' LIBRARY.
Issued Monthly. Price (in paper), 50 cents. Yearly Sub-
scription, $5.50.
GRANIA.
By the Hon. EMILY LAWLESS. 12mo, paper, 50 cents.
GRADUATE COURSES. A Handbook for Graduate Students.
Lists of Advanced Courses announced by Twenty-one Colleges or Universities of the United States for the Year 1895-6.
Compiled by an Editorial Board of Graduate Students. C. A. DUMway, Harvard, Editor-in-Chief. Square 8vo, cloth, 25 cts net
MACMILLAN & COMPANY, 66 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK.


104
[Sept. 1, 1895.
THE DIAL
FICTION WORTH READING.
9
THE NEW MOON.
By C. E. RAIMOND, author of “George Mandeville's Hus-
band," etc. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
“An intensely interesting story. A curious inter-weaving of old su-
perstitions which govern a nervous woman's selfish life, and the brisk,
modern ways of a wholesome English girl.”- Philadelphia Ledger.
“The story is admirably written. The author has a forcible style and
a remarkable power of developing ideas with a strong presentation of
the details. The New Moon' is one of the most impressive of recent
works of fiction, both for its matter and especially for its presentation."
- Milwaukee Journal.
A STREET IN SUBURBIA.
By Edwin Pugh. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
“Rippling over from end to end with fun and humor."— London
Academy.
“In many respects the best of all the books of lighter literature
brought out this season."- Providence News.
"Thoroughly entertaining and more -- it shows traces of a creative
genius something akin to that of Dickens "— Boston Traveller.
THE LILAC SUNBONNET.
A Love Story. By S. R. CROCKETT, author of “The Stickit
Minister," "The Raiders," etc. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
“A charming love story, redolent of the banks and braes and lochs
and pines, healthy to the core, the love that God made for man and wo-
man's first glimpse of paradise, and a constant reminder of it."- San
Francisco Call.
“The cleverest of the clever fictions of a clever writer."- Elmira
Telegram.
“Mr. Crockett has written no better story than this."— Boston Sat-
urday Evening Gazelle.
BOG - MYRTLE AND PEAT.
Being Tales, chiefly of Galloway, gathered from the years
1889 to 1895. By S. R. CROCKETT, author of "The Lilac
Sunbonnet," "The Stickit Minister," etc. 12mo, cloth,
$1.50.
" Bog-Myrtle and Peat' contains some of the most dramatic pieces
Mr. Crockett has as yet written."- Philadelphia Press.
“These stories are lively and vigorous, and have many touches of
human nature in them, such touches as we are used to from having read
• The Stickit Minister' and The Lilac Sunbonnet.'"- New Haren
Register.
THE GODS, SOME MORTALS, AND LORD
WICKENHAM.
By John OLIVER HOBBES, author of “Some Emotions and
a Moral," etc. 12mo, cloth, with portrait of the author,
$1.50.
“The new novel by the lady who chooses to be known in literature
as John Oliver Hobbes is announced by her publishers as the success of
the season. ... Mrs. Craigie, in short, has taken her place among the
novelists of the day. It is a high place and a place apart. Her method
is her own, and she stands, not exactly on the threshold of a great ca.
reer, but already within the temple of fame."- G. W. SMALLEY, in the
New York Tribune.
THE ZEIT - GEIST.
By L. DOUGALL, author of “The Mermaid,” “Beggars All,"
etc.' 16mo, cloth, 75 cents.
“This story is for their reading who reflect and aspire, who find God
immanent in all things-even in the sin and shame that drag humanity
downward and leave it there, as well as in the virtue and glory that lift
it higher, and who believe, on the testimony of Holy Writ or any other,
that all things work together for such as loyally follow after charity
and good conscience."- Chicago Evening Post.
“One of the best of the short stories of the day. The scene is located
in the Ottawa valley, and the story is a strong presentation of a pecu-
liar personality."- Boston Journal.
MASTER AND MAN.
By Count Leo Tolstoy. Translated by A. HULME BEAMAN.
With an Introduction by W. D. HOWELLS. 16mo, cloth,
75 cents.
“It is only a brief sketch, but it reveals a wonderful knowledge of
the workings of the human mind-of the natural impulses and the con-
ventional habits that spring from environment and education -- and it
tells a tale that not only stirs the emotions, but gives us a better insight
into our own hearts.”— San Francisco Argonaut.
IN THE FIRE OF THE FORGE.
A Romance of Old Nuremberg. By GEORG EBERS, author
of “Cleopatra," “ An Egyptian Princess,' Uarda," etc.
In two volumes. 16mo, paper, 80 cents ; cloth, $1.50.
“A healthful story, not at all dependent upon any sensationalism.
It shows the scholar and fine romancer in every passage."- Chicago
Inter Ocean,
“Eberg knows his ground thoroughly. Local color abounds, and
hints of old German customs give evidence of familiarity with history.”
- Syracuse Post.
THE WISH.
A Novel. By HERMANN SUDERMANN. With a Biograph-
ical Introduction by ELIZABETH LEE. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
“It is a comfort to obtain at last, in this country, through the me-
dium of an excellent translation, an opportunity to become acquainted
with Sudermann's much-talked-of novels. None who reads this remark-
able tale, The Wish,' as notable for its extreme simplicity as for its
profound psychological insight, can fail
to recognize its author as a nov-
elist of the highest rank."-- Brooklyn Standard-Union.
“In its simple detail of inward struggle with conscience, duty, love,
it will be found fascinatingly interesting."- Detroit Tribune.
THE STORY OF SONNY SAHIB.
By Mrs. EVERARD Cotes (Sara Jeannette Duncan), author
of “Vernon's Aunt," “ A Daughter of To-day,” “An
American Girl in London," etc. With 10 full-page illus-
trations. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
“ It is an exquisite story the best that Mrs. Cotes has done-and
she is a brilliant writer." – Chicago Times-Herald.
"A capital boys' book. It has all the descriptive charm and easy
How of narrative which distinguished "The Simple Adventures of a
Memsahib.'”- New York Commercial Advertiser.
MAJESTY.
A Novel. By Louis COUPERUS. Translated by A. TEIXEIRA
DE Martos and Ernest Dowson. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
“There have been many workers among novelists in the Beld of royal
portraiture, but it may be safely stated that few of those who have es-
sayed this dubious path have achieved more striking results than M.
Couperus. 'Majesty' is an extraordinarily vivid romance of autocratic
imperialism."- London Academy.
THE BONDMAN.
By HALL CAINE, author of “The Manxman, The Deem.
ster,” etc. New edition. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
“The welcome given to this story has cheered and touched me, but
I am conscious that, to win a reception so warm, such a book must have
had readers who brought to it as much as they took away. . . . I have
called my story a saga, merely because it follows the epic method, and
I must not claim for it at any point the weighty responsibility of history,
or serious obligations to the world of fact. But it matters not to me
what Icelanders may call • The Bondman,' if they will honor me by
reading it in the open-hearted spirit and with the free mind with which
they are content to read of Grettir and of his fights with the Troll.”
- From Author's Preface.
AN IMAGINATIVE MAN.
By ROBERT S. HITCHENS, author of “T
Carnation."
12no, cloth, $1.25.
“The strength of the story lies almost entirely in atmosphere and
character. It is, therefore, an extremely difficult thing to describe
its charm from the outside, or to give any satisfactory indication of its
power."'-- London Weekly Sun.
The above books are for sale by all Booksellers ; or will be sent by mail, on receipt of price, by the Publishers,
D. APPLETON & CO., No. 72 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK.
.


THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
THE HIGHER AIM.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
each month. TERMS or SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage
prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries
comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must
be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the
current number. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by express or
postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and
for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application ;
SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished
on application. All communications should be addressed to
THE DIAL, 315 Wabash Ave., Chicago.
-
No. 221.
SEPTEMBER 1, 1895.
Vol. XIX.
Oh beati que' pochi che seggono a quella mensa ove il pane
degli Angeli si mangia.
- Convito, I., 1.
Pan degli Angeli, del quale
Vivese qui, ma non sen vien satollo.
- Paradiso II., 11, 12.
We build and build; each generation's rise
Brings us the old new question: what the way
To shape the soul, and fit it for the fray
That is the life of man. Shall these suffice -
The rule of thumb, the formula concise,
The pedant's wisdom hoarded day by day?
Dry husks of fact — do these the toil repay ?
Shall this of all our labor be the price ?
Nay, truth our aim, and truth is more than fact;
Ere knowledge ripen into worthy act
The spirit's glow must make it truth indeed,
Of ardent aspiration all compact,
Such truth as Dante won in sorest need,
Angelic bread” whereon the soul may feed.
W. M. P.
CONTENTS.
THE HIGHER AIM (Sonnet). W. M. P.
PAGE
105
A FEW WORDS ABOUT EDUCATION. .
105
THE LIFE OF A “TYPICAL ENGLISHMAN.”
E. G. J. .
107
66
FRANCE AND ENGLAND IN NORTH AMERICA.
B. A. Hinsdale
110
.
.
-
THE LOWEST OF THE BACK - BONED ANI-
MALS. David S. Jordan
A FEW WORDS ABOUT EDUCATION.
112
THE IRREPRESSIBLE NATURE OF FAITH.
At no previous time in the history of this coun-
John Bascom
112 try has the discussion of educational questions
As Others Saw Him. - Satterlee's A Creedless Gog- been so serious a preoccupation as it is at pres-
pel and the Gospel Creed. - Shields's The United
Church of the United States. — Rays of Light from
ent. During the past quarter of a century we
All Lands. — MacColl's Life Here and Hereafter.- have become pretty thoroughly awakened, not
Balfour's The Foundations of Belief. – Romanes's so much to the importance of education, which
Thoughts on Religion.
has never been questioned, as to the import-
RECENT POETRY. William Morton Payne
115 ance of establishing education upon the right
Lord De Tabley's Poems, Dramatic and Lyrical.- foundation, and of conducting it in accordance
Johnson's Poems. - Homeward Songs by the Way.
with the most enlightened methods. So great
Beesly's Ballads and Other Verse. — Block's The
New World. – Mrs. Trask's Sonnets and Lyrics.-
a fermentation in so important a department
Father Tabb's Poems.- Nesmith's Philoctetes.-
of thought is, of course, a desirable thing, even
Mrs. Townsend's Distaff and Spindle. — Bolles's
Chocorua's Tenants. — Miss Larned's In Woods and
if its blessings be not wholly unmixed. It is
Fields.-Mrs. Poole's A Bank of Violets.-Miss Mas- well occasionally to shake off our torpor, to get
sey's God's Parable.-Lord's Blue and Gold.
out of ruts, to avoid stagnation at almost any
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS ..
120
cost. But such a condition of intellectual un-
A new study of the capabilities of man versus wo- rest, such a determination to reëxamine the old
-Mr. Smalley's studies of men.- A hopeful
grounds of the faith, is always fraught with the
view of the future of the English drama.Some very
childish “Moods." -A new life of the Chinese Vice- danger that we may, in our haste to make all
roy.- A collection of Alpine sketches.- History of
things new, sweep away the good with the bad,
the early novel. - Readings from old English dram-
and discard some of the fundamental principles
atists.
of the philosophy of a sound education.
BRIEFER MENTION
122
Many zealous advocates of what they are
LITERARY NOTES
123 pleased to call “the new education” are so
thoroughgoing in their notions that the tem-
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS
124
perate onlooker is compelled to view their pro-
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
124 posed policy somewhat askance. They would
.
man.-
.
.
.
.
.


106
[Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
a
a
have us believe that the world has hitherto been of study have something peculiarly hopeful and ani-
all astray, that the educational wisdom of the mating about them; and that the positive and practical
ages is little better than foolishness, that we are
thing to do is to give up (the humanities] and turn to
them.”
upon the eve of a reform in our practice which
is to be nothing less than revolutionary in its
Now a great many sincere and well-meaning
effect. These theorists complain, brieây, that people have been telling us of late that the
education has in the past been made too much positive and practical thing to do” in educa-
tion is to set aside such useless studies as
a matter of words; the remedy they offer is to
make it in the future chiefly a matter of things.
“mere ” history and literature, as “ dead” lan-
To bring about this radical change, it is pro-
guages and ancient civilizations; to restrict
posed to displace, to a great extent, the sterile considerably the attention paid to most other
kinds of "book" learning; and to devote the
practices of literary, philological, and historical
time thus reclaimed from waste to such scien.
study, by the productive practices with which
physical science acquaints us ; to substitute for
tific and even manual pursuits as are likely to
the study of man in his social and political life of the men and women that our school-
have some direct bearing upon the everyday
character the study of man in his character as
children are so soon to become:
a tool-making and tool-using animal, mainly
intent upon material comfort and progress.
Half-truths are often more dangerous than
The educational tendency here suggested is downright errors, and the consequences of the
very marked at the present day, and the signs sciolist theory of education just outlined are in
of the times in many ways force it upon our
many directions manifest. For one thing, there
attention. It is a tendency more marked, per-
is the loud outcry, heard in many quarters, for
haps, during recent years than ever before,
the introduction of " manual training "into our
and more marked, probably, in our own country
common-school systems, not as an adjunct to
than in any other. This is a fact easily to be ac-
intellectual training, which it may very prop-
counted for. The development of physical sci-erly become, but as a substitute for what is
ence is the dominant intellectual characteristic contemptuously styled the Wortkram of the
of the age, and this development, with its count-
old-fashioned systems. One persistent advo-
less implied possibilities of material ameliora-
cate of this particular nostrum goes so far as
tion, has diverted many eyes from those things
to say that in the ideal school of his imagining
of the spirit that are so essential to the higher
“the highest text-books are tools, and how to
welfare of mankind, fixing them instead upon
use them most intelligently is the highest test
the objects which their lower natures demand ;
of scholarship.” In the field of higher educa-
it has, in a word, substituted ideals of comfort tion, the same spirit is illustrated by the im-
for ideals of virtue and of the full-statured life
mense expansion of the technological and sci-
of the soul. And this diversion of attention
entific departments of our universities, at the
from the higher to the lower aims of life, this
expense, too often, of the humanities, and by
substitution of lesser ideals for greater, of ig- the determined warfare that has been waged,
noble for noble purposes, has been nowhere during the past score of years, upon the clas-
else so nearly complete as in this country of
sical and other branches of the older education.
unexampled material resources and unexam- In the development of the current popular
pled material prosperity.
opinion upon this all-important subject, we may
Matthew Arnold, in one of his essays on re-
distinguish two phases. To begin with, science,
ligious subjects, has a passage exactly descrip in the first flush of its great mid-century achieve-
tive of our too prevalent attitude toward the ments, put forth the arrogant plea that it alone
educational problem. This passage, with the
was deserving of serious consideration as an
necessary substitution of the humanities," or educational discipline. Mr. Spencer's famous
some such phrase, for the word “religion," runs
tractate upon “Education " seemed to give
“
as follows:
cogency to this plea, and for a time did duty
“ Undoubtedly there are times when a reaction sets
as a sort of gospel of the new dispensation.
in, when an interest in the processes of productive indus- But the narrowness and inadequacy of that
try, in physical science and the practical arts, is called gospel became, after a while, apparent even to
an interest in things, and an interest in [the humanities] | the less reflective of minds, and a new doctrine
is called an interest in words. People really do seem to
imagine that in seeing and learning how buttons are
emerged to fit the altered educational attitude.
made, or papier mâché, they shall find some new and
That doctrine, which has lately been urged with
untried vital resource; that our prospects from this sort considerable eloquence, is, substantially, that


1895.]
107
THE DIAL
all subjects are equally valuable as intellectual
disciplines, and that physics and biology, if
The New Books.
pursued in the proper spirit, are as potent to
build up the full-statured life as are history, THE LIFE OF A “TYPICAL ENGLISHMAN."*
and literature, and philosophy. But there are
Mr. Leslie Stephen's Life of his brother, Sir
now indications that a third phase of the dis-
cussion is at hand, and that the question of
James Fitzjames Stephen, is an admirable bio-
relative educational values is about to receive graphy which may be read with interest even
relative educational values is about to receive by those who care little for its ostensible theme.
a more searching examination than it has ever
Fitzjames Stephen, eminent alike as journalist,
had before. And, in this connection, it is in-
deed significant that the President for 1895 of judge, jurist, and writer on polity and jurispru-
the National Educational Association, in pre-
dence, seems to have corresponded pretty closely
in his general make-up with what we Americans
paring his inaugural address, should have felt
have in mind when we speak of the “ typical
that the time was ripe to use such words as the
Englishman "- a type perhaps on the whole
following:
more forcible and virile than engaging. A rug-
“ If it be true that Spirit and Reason rule the universe, ged, combative, unpliable man, massive alike
things of the Spirit. That subtle sense of the beauti- intellectually and physically, he could well
ful and the sublime which accompanies spiritual insight, afford to accept life (as we think he did accept
and is part of it, is the highest achievement of which it, under qualification) as an ordered form of
humanity is capable. ... The study of nature is en-
the Hobbesian war of each against alla grand
titled to recognition on grounds similar to those put
trial of individual strengths, regulated by gov-
forward for the study of literature, of art, and of bis-
tory. But among themselves these divisions of knowl- ernment charged mainly with the duty of keep-
edge fall into an order of excellence as educational ma- ing the lists and seeing fair play between the
terial that is determined by their respective relations competitors. All Fitzjames Stephen asked for
to the development of the reflective Reason. The ap-
himself in the contest was a fair field and no
plication of this test must inevitably lead us, while hon-
oring science and insisting upon its study, to place above favors; and we fancy he had a hearty contempt
it the study of history, of literature, of art, and of in- for anyone who asked for more. Our social
stitutional life."
ideals are constructed, however unconsciously,
Contrasted with such an ideal as this of the with reference to our own personal needs and
well-ordered education, how poor are all ideals aptitudes; and Fitzjames Stephen, a born ath-
that but proclaim the watchword of a narrow lete, was naturally not averse to an order of
practicality. One of the finest expressions ever things in which the race is to the swift and the
given to the nobler view is embodied in this
pas-
battle to the strong. We find him once frankly
sage from Newman's “ Idea of a University": declaring (though he seems to have been rather
“ That perfection of the Intellect, which is the result ashamed of the sentiment afterwards) that “to
of Education, and its beau idéal, to be imparted to indi- be stronger than other people, and to have one's
viduals in their respective measures, is the clear, calm,
own will as against them, is the deepest and
accurate vision and comprehension of all things as far
as the finite mind can embrace them, each in its place,
most general of human desires. If it were a
and with its own characteristics upon it. It is almost
wish which fulfilled itself, how very strong and
prophetic from its knowledge of history; it is almost how very triumphant I should be.” His bio-
heart-searching from its knowledge of human nature; grapher hastens, with brotherly solicitude, to
it has almost supernatural cbarity from its freedom
from littleness and prejudice; it has almost the repose
style this outbreak “a mere passing velleity”;
of faith, because nothing can startle it; it has almost
but it seems characteristic enough of the speaker.
the beauty and harmony of heavenly contemplation, so The opening chapters contain a brief history
intimate is it with the eternal order of things and the of the Stephen family, dating from the early
music of the spheres.”
part of the last century, and beginning with
Nor does this higher aim concern the advanced
James Stephen, a thrifty Aberdeenshire small
stages of educational work alone. It should
It should farmer, “ with no insuperable objection to deal-
be an inspiring force in the kindergarten no ing in contraband articles.” The Stephens
less than in the college ; for the child, as well
were a strong and prolific race, hardy and en-
as the man, does not live by bread alone, un-
terprising, fruitful of fine women and stalwart
less, indeed, it be that “pan degli Angeli
Of James, the third son of the Aber-
whereof Dante tells us. “Those few," he says, deenshire farmer, a young giant of six feet
" are blessed who sit at the board” where it is
eaten. Let it be our task to make the few the
LIFE OF SIR JAMES FITZJAMES STEPHEN, Bart., K.C.S.I.,
Judge of the High Court of Justice. By his Brother, Leslie
many, and the largess such as knows no stint. Stephen. With Portraits. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
men.


108
[Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
three inches, tradition says that when a friend expiable by repentance, the true rule would be
once offered him a pony to carry him home “ to be naughty all your life, and to repent just
after dinner, “ he made and won a bet that he at the end,”—thereby, we suppose, securing the
would carry the pony.” As an amusing con- greatest possible measure of bliss in this world,
trast to this Titan may be mentioned a member without unduly drawing on one's account in
of the family by marriage, one Mr. Garratt, the next. Fitzjames's first school, at Brighton,
a barrister of high character and standing, was a sort of spiritual forcing-house, a young
though a dwarf in stature. 6 Mr. Garratt ! prig's paradise, where there was no cricket, no
an irascible judge once shouted, “when you fighting, no fagging, and an excess of evan-
are addressing the court you should stand up.” gelical theology. At prayers (they were nearly
“I am standing up, my lord.” “Then, Mr. always at prayers) the boys used to be ques-
Garratt, you should stand upon the bench.” tioned : “Gurney, what's the difference be-
“I am standing upon the bench, my lord,” tween justification and sanctification ?” “Ste-
meekly rejoined Mr. Garratt. Sir James Stephen, prove the omnipotence of God,” — and
phen, grandson of the smuggling ancestor and so on. Rescued betimes from Brighton, Fitz-
father of Fitzjames and Leslie, was a really james was sent to Eton, where, it is needless to
eminent man. As under Secretary of State say, there was plenty of fighting and fagging,
for the Colonies, he “ literally ruled the Cold and no evangelical or other theology to speak
onial Empire," and seems to have been in his of. A tutor once rather naïvely excused this
quiet way a masterful character, albeit cursed lack on the ground that he “was always of
with a shyness beyond, said a colleague, “all opinion that nothing was so important for boys
shyness you could imagine in anyone whose as the preservation of Christian simplicity";
soul had not been preëxistent in a wild duck.” and Fitzjames always considered the answer a
A shining Evangelical light, Sir James was “perfectly admirable"
one. Partly because
ascetic by temperament, hating long dinners, he was an “ up-town boy”— he lived with bis
abhorring port wine, and appearing to his sons parents at Windsor, and not in college — and
a sort of living" categorical imperative.” “Did partly because of his rather unsocial turn, Fitz-
you ever know your father do a thing because james was at first dreadfully bullied at the
it was pleasant ? ” Lady Stephen once asked shrine of " Henry's holy shade.” But he pres-
one of her children.
“ Yes, once when he ently grew so tall and strong that it was dan-
married you,” was the young courtier's neat gerous to attack him. As pugnacious as Keats,
reply. Sir James himself used to say, and it the once passive victim became a doughty cham-
was no empty boast, that he was one of the few pion in his turn. Says an old Etonian :
people to whom it was the same thing to eat a “Often have I applauded his backhanders as the fore-
dinner and to perform an act of self-denial. most in the fray. He was only vanquished by numbers.
He once smoked a cigar, and found it so de-
His bill for hats must have amounted to a stiff figure,
for
licious that he never smoked again ; and he in-
my visions of Fitzjames are of a discrowned war-
rior, returning to Windsor bareheaded, his hair moist
dulged in snuff until it suddenly occurred to
with the steam of recent conflict. . . . The kicks, cuffs,
him that spuff was superfluous, when the box and bat-smashing had no other result than to steel his
was solemnly emptied out of the window and mind forever against oppression, tyranny, and unfair-
never refilled.
ness of every kind.”
Fitzjames Stephen was born on March 3, We do not find that Fitzjames was among
1829; and, if the maternal record of his in- the crack verse-makers at Eton, or that he spe-
fantile doings and sayings is to be trusted, he cially distinguished himself in any way
was a remarkable child indeed, a young non- pugilistically; but he there learned the lesson
conformist much given to reflection on precepts which he never forgot, that to be weak is to be
which are commonly taken on trust, and filled wretched, that the state of nature is a state of
with notions which resolutely declined to run war and Væ Victis Nature's primal law. His
in the regulation moulds. At four we find him recollections of Eton (like his brother's) are
sagely refusing to join in a hymn which ex- not wholly flattering :
presses a premature desire “ to die and be with
“ The teaching was wretched'; the hours irregular
God," on the ground that even good people and very unpunctual; the classes were excessively large,
may prefer to stay in this world, and, later, and the tutorial instruction supposed to be given out of
he evolves a kind of Benthamee - Christian
school frequently neglected. I do not believe,' says my
brother, that I was ever once called on to construe at
theory that, as naughtiness is extremely pleas- my tutor's after I got into the fifth form. . . . Bal-
ant in itself, and as we know that it is finally I ston, our tutor, was a good scholar after the fashion of
ti
save


1895.]
109
THE DIAL
the day and famous for Latin verse; but he was essen- Three times in life Fitzjames performed du-
tially a commonplace don. •Stephen major,' he once
ties thoroughly consonant with his talents and
said to my brother, “if you do not take more pains, how
can you ever expect to write good longs and shorts ? If
temper: as journalist, as legal member of the
you do not write good longs and shorts, how can you
Council at Calcutta, and as a judge on the crim-
ever be a man of taste ? If you are not a man of taste, inal bench.
how can you ever hope to be of use in the world ?'- a
In the last capacity the characteristics which
sorites, says my brother, which must be somewhere de-
fective."
impeded his fortunes at the bar --where his
A man of taste Stephen major certainly
career is described as a series of “tantalising
never became, though he acquired a forcible
half-successes”— became distinctly advantages.
and even brilliant prose style. For art he cared
His contempt of trickery; willingness to give,
little, and for poetry less. He honestly con-
and determination to have, fair play; and his
fessed, to the dismay of the judicious Balston,
inbred disdain of all arguments not going to
that he could not see why people wrote poetry patible at least with high judicial qualities.
the substantial merits of the issue, were com-
at all.
When a man has anything to say,
am always tempted to ask why he cannot say
Woe to the pettifogger who tried to eke out a
it in plain prose.” The Eton course was foi flimsy case by playing on the foibles or throw-
lowed by two rather profitable years at King's ing technical dust in the eyes of Judge Ste-
College, London, where the principal, Dr. Jelf, phen! Viewing himself as in some sort the
represented the high and dry, cock-sure form
organ of the moral sense of the community, he
of Anglicanism. Says our author :
leaned rather to severity than
and
mercy ;
“ I can remember how, a little later, I used to listen
when, after a fair trial, a man had been clearly
with wonder to his expositions of the Thirty-nine Arti-
proved before him to be a scoundrel, so far
cles. What a marvellous piece of good fortune it was, from affecting the usual reluctance in passing
I used dimly to consider, that the Church of England sentence, he showed rather the grim satisfac-
had always hit off precisely the right solution in so tion of a man crushing a noxious reptile. Yet
many and such tangled controversies !”
he showed, in doubtful cases, an almost pain-
At King's College, Fitzjames was much at-
ful anxiety to secure fair play to the accused.
tracted by Professor Maurice, and for the time
fancied himself more or less of a Mauricean. justice may be quoted :
One incident out of many of his love of exact
Afterwards, in his skeptical days, he used to
“A man accused of stabbing a policeman to avoid ar-
say, picturesquely enough, of Maurice's preach-
rest, pleaded guilty and was sentenced to seven years'
ing that it was like “watching the struggles of penal servitude. On being removed by the warders, he
a drowning creed.”
clung to the rail, screaming, •You can't do it. You
In 1847 Fitzjames entered Cambridge. The
don't know what you are doing !! Fitzjames shouted
to the warders to put him back; discovered by patient
Cambridge of those days, says Mr. Leslie Ste-
hearing that the man was meaning to refer to some cir-
phen, had merits now too likely to be under- cumstance in extenuation, and after recalling the wit-
valued ; but the course was strangely narrow.
nesses found that the statement was confirmed. Now,
To adapt a phrase of Hume’s, she virtually guilty," as I told you, all this would have come out. It
a
you silly fellow,' he said, if you had pleaded “not
said to her pupils : “Is this a treatise upon
is true that I did not know what I was doing, but it was
geometry or algebra ? No. Is it, then, a treat-
your own fault. He then reduced the sentence to nine
ise upon Greek or Latin grammar, or on the months, saying, • Does that satisfy you ?! Thank you,'
grammatical construction of classical authors ? my Lord,' replied the man, 'that's quite right,' and left
No. Then commit it to the flames, for it con-
the court quite cheerfully."
tains nothing worth your study.” In both these Stephen rigidly suppressed anything in the
arenas, Fitzjames was comparatively weak. He court-room tending to lower the dignity of the
had neither head nor heart for mere scholar- proceedings; and it is recorded that when a
ship, was clumsy at calculation, and lacked the spectator once laughed at a piece of evidence
docility which so often enables a merely clever which should have disgusted him, he promptly
and teachable boy to outfoot rivals of ten times had the fellow placed by the side of the pris-
his real power and originality — the latter a oner in the dock, and kept him there till the
quality which “tempts a man outside the strait end of the case.
The promiscuous attendance
and narrow path leading to the maximum of of ladies at “sensational " trials was the sharp-
marks.” So, despising at heart what he con- est of thorns in his side ; and he once gave
sidered the trivial standards and empty pedan. offence by speaking of some persons of that sex
tries of the place, Fitzjames left Cambridge who were fighting for admission as “women.
without academical honors.
Possibly this was during the trial of Mrs. May-
>
6


110
[Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
brick, a cause célébre at which he presided knowledge. But, more than this, Mr. Parkman
It will be remembered that Mrs. Maybrick was has used his materials, so conscientiously gath-
convicted of the murder of her husband, and ered, with excellent effect, combining and pre-
that her sentence was commuted (with Ste- senting them with such admirable literary skill
phen's approval) to imprisonment for life, on that the series is a brilliant picture, on a great
the ground that, although there was no doubt canvas, of the competition of England and
that she had administered poison, it was pos-
France for dominion in North America. In
sible that her husband had died from other the first of these particulars, Dr. Winsor is fully
causes. Says Mr. Leslie Stephen :
Mr. Parkman's equal: he is quite as thorough
“ A great deal of feeling was aroused; Fitzjames was in investigation. Indeed, his books are not
bitterly attacked in the press, and received many anon- unlikely to impress some readers as the more
ymous letters full of the vilest abuse. Hatred of wo-
learned of the two. But to literary art Dr.
men generally, and jealousy of the counsel for the de-
fense, were among the causes of his infamous conduct
Winsor can lay no claims. He is often for-
suggested by these judicious correspondents. . . . But cible, and occasionally animated and pictur-
as attacks were made in public organs upon his behavior esque; but, on the whole, he carries his nar-
as judge, I think it right to say that they were abso-
rative as heavily as Mr. Parkman carries his
lutely without foundation. His letters show that he
felt the responsibility deeply; and that he kept his mind lightly. It is owing in part to this difference,
open till the last. From other evidence I have not the and in part to differences in ideal and subject-
least doubt that his humanity and impartiality were as matter, that the unpracticed reader is likely to
conspicuous in this as in other cases, and I believe were
overrate, comparatively, the intrinsic value of
not impugned by any other witnesses, even by those
Dr. Winsor's books, as suggested above. Ow-
who might doubt the correctness of the verdict."
The author gives a detailed account of his ing to these three causes — ideal, matter, and
The author gives a detailed account of his style – Dr. Winsor’s volumes are not likely to
brother's career in literature and journalism, prove attractive to the conventional general
at the bar and on the bench, and of his official
reader; but historical students and scholars
work in India. The chapters analytical of his
will hold them in highest estimation.
somewhat involved religious, philosophical, and
It must be said that Dr. Winsor's researches
political convictions are full of interest and sug. have run mainly in a different channel from
gestion. The work is finely mounted, and con- Mr. Parkman's; or, to be more exact, that they
tains two excellent portraits.
E. G. J. bave run mainly in one of the two channels in
which the earlier writer moved. The sub-title
of the earlier work, “ Geographical Discovery
FRANCE AND ENGLAND IN NORTH
in the Interior of North America in its Histor-
AMERICA.*
ical Relations, with full Cartographical Illus-
Dr. Winsor's “ Mississippi Basin,” like his
trations from Contemporary Sources,” indi-
“ Cartier to Frontenac,” immediately suggests
cates what this channel is. Dr. Winsor is here
comparison with one of the best and most favor-
seen at his best in a field that is peculiarly his
ably known contributions to American history. vated with such good results in the “ Narra-
own. It is a part of the field that he culti-
Reference is made, of course, to Mr. Parkman's
series of works that are collectively known as
tive and Critical History of America” and in
“France and England in North America.” Save
the “ Christopher Columbus.” He now returns
that Dr. Winsor, as befits his earlier title, passes
to it for the purpose of a richer and more
by the Huguenots in Florida, to whom Mr. Park- thorough tillage. "It is true that the present
work has the alternative title, “The Struggle
man devotes ten thrilling chapters, the two writ-
in America between England and France";
ers run side by side from first to last. The
parallel is a suggestive one, and we shall follow
but geographical discovery and exploration are
still kept at the fore, and the cartographical
it a little distance, since it will enable us to
point out clearly the characteristic excellences illustrations, partially changed indeed in char-
and defects of Dr. Winsor's two works.
acter as the progress of history compels, are
as abundant as ever.
Mr. Parkman's volumes are marked, in the
In a word, the writer's
main purpose is to exhibit to his readers that
first place, by the results of laborious and suc-
cessful research. They are real contributions to gradual uncovering or disclosure which explor-
ers of the North American continent made
*THE MISSISSIPPI Basin. The Struggle in America between
to the eyes of the civilized world from 1634
England and France, 1697-1763. With full cartographical
illustrations from contemporary sources. By Justin Winsor.
to 1763, or at least so much of it as was in.
Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
volved in the competition of the two powers


1895.]
111
THE DIAL
with which he deals. The properly equipped ularly with the book before us. This is because
.
reader who will read these pages, and study his qualities as historian are the same through-
the accompanying maps, will see unrolled be- out. Respecting the new book, it will suffice
fore his eyes a panorama of events that, of their to say that he begins with defining the position
kind, are perhaps the most interesting that the of the rival claimants to North America at the
world has seen. It is true that Mr. Park- close of the seventeenth century, indicating also
man is also strong in this field; but his work the titles upon which they rested ; that he then
is much less minute, while the cartographical draws the boldest and most comprehensive out-
studies and illustrations are meagre indeed line of the grand natural features of our con-
when compared with Dr. Winsor's affluence of tinent to be found in any book of history; that
such material. It is also to be said that, in he then takes up the work of Iberville and Bien-
respect to discovery, the one writer dwells more ville on the Lower Mississippi ; that he closes
upon the merely historical aspects, the other with the completed occupation by the English,
upon the scientific aspects. The further re- in 1765, of the empire that the French had
mark is to be made that, although Dr. Win- yielded to them two years before ; and that
sor's present sub-title is the same as the title every intervening chapter and page is filled
of Mr. Parkman's series, the struggle, even with valuable information and discussion, the
relatively, is far less prominent in his pages.
whole illustrated with such wealth of maps as
The value of Dr. Winsor's account lies far to show that the author has really laid all lit-
more in the indication of the causes that made erature under contribution. An abstract of
the struggle inevitable, and that also predeter- two of his later pages will at once illustrate his
mined its character and result, and especially method, and at the same time show why the
the geographical causes, than in his handling of boundary which the Treaty of Paris gave to the
proper historical material. Parkman has given United States in 1782 was an impossible one.
far more attention to the human, or strictly his- While the upper waters of the Mississippi were not at
torical, aspects of the story. A few illustrations this time [1763] supposed to be connected with the water-
of the difference in method will be given.
system of Hudson's Bay, the contemporary cartographers
placed the river's source anywhere from latitude 45º to
Parkman gives a chapter of thirty-eight 55º. Jefferys thought it somewhat above 45°. Samuel
pages to Deerfield; Winsor barely alludes to Dunn put it, a little later, under 46°, and he clusters sev-
it. Parkman finds two volumes necessary for eral lakes about the source. Buache, the French map-
dealing with the last act of the drama; Win-
maker, places the fountain at 46°, among the Sioux.
A map based on Danville, and using material gathered
sor dispatches it in one hundred pages. Park-
by Governor Pownall, puts the source in a lake at 47°,
man devotes three long chapters to Wolfe's due south of the Lake of the Woods. The Dutchman,
great exploit; Winsor, barely as many pages. Vander Aa, in 1755, puts the springs doubtfully at 55°,
Parkman lengthens out his account of the fall
but in 1763 he finds reason to place a little group of
of Louisbourg into the hands of Pepperell and
three lakes, out of which the river flows from a triple
source under 49º. A French map, prepared for the
Warren, in 1745, until it fills two chapters of Company of the West, establishes the head under 50°.
fifty-four pages ; Winsor finds a single para- Bowen, in a map produced to show the treaty bounds,
graph of eleven lines sufficient. On the other says the position of the source is uncertain, but that
hand, Winsor gives a much more minute and
the Indians report it under 50°, and in a marshy region.
careful account of the establishment of the
Robert Rogers says the Mississippi rises in a lake “ of
considerable bigness" into which flows a stream through
French settlements on the Gulf of Mexico and
a notch in the mountains, carrying a red substance.
on the Lower Mississippi, and has a sharper Some geographers still clung to an older notion of in-
eye for the progress of discovery in that quar- terlinking inland waters, flowing in different directions.
ter. Parkman, indeed, gives nearly forty pages
It was common for these to connect the upper wa-
to the heroic achievements of the La Vérend-
ters of the Mississippi with a reticulation of lakes and
streams having a dependence upon Hudson's Bay, and
ryes in the far West, which is about twice the
sometimes upon that mysterious channel which formed
space Winsor thinks necessary; but the ca- a union with the western sea. Roberts, an English car-
reers of these adventurous and self-forgetting tographer, in 1760, makes the Mississippi rise in Lake
men gave Parkman one of his good opportu-
Winnipeg. Palairet, a French map-maker, connects the
sources with Lake Winnipeg, though he acknowledges
nities for the multiplication of historical detail
the upper parts of the channel are little known. He
and picturesque writing. And so we might go adds that some suppose there is a connection between
on, were it necessary to go further.
the Mississippi or Missouri and the Manton (Mandan)
It will be seen that we have chosen to char.
River, which he represents by a dotted line as flowing
acterize the work that Dr. Winsor has done
ultimately into the Sea of the West. This same de-
vice of an uncertain dotted line is used by Emanuel
in his present field rather than to deal partic- Bowen, in 1763, to join the upper Mississippi with the
a


112
[Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
Red River of the North. The Neptune Française has primitive definition of a "back-boned animal.”
no hesitancy in connecting the Mississippi with Lake
Of late it has been supposed that Bran-
Winnipeg, and a most wonderful network of waters is
supposed by Vander Aa on a map of 1755, where the
chiostoma is of the type of the primitive ver-
Mississippi, Winnipeg, Lake Superior, and Hudson's tebrates, and that the study of its structure
Bay are all brought into a single system of communica- and embryology would give a clue to the steps
tion. In 1776 Jefferys connects Winnipeg with a fan- by which the chordate or vertebrate animals
ciful inlet on the Pacific coast, which D’Aguilar is sup-
had risen from worm - like forms. But this
posed to have entered in 1603. Explorers were still
beguiled by the Indian tales of the connection of the
has not been certain, nor have the features of
Missouri by means of a string of interjacent lakes with degeneration been clearly separated from those
the South Sea, and there were stories which induced of primitive simplicity.
Carver to believe that the Shining Mountains (Rockies) In his work on “ Amphioxus and the An-
stretched from 48° north latitude toward the south,
and divided the waters flowing into the Gulfs of Mexico
cestry of the Vertebrates," Dr. Willey treats
and California. He suspected that north of 48° there
in detail all these matters, with also an account
was a water-system somehow connecting Hudson's Bay of the Ascidians, Balanoglossus, and other
with the Pacific, and lying somewhere thereaway were types near the border-line between vertebrates
the Straits of Anian, “ which, having been discovered
and invertebrates. His final conclusions are
by Sir Francis Drake, belong of course to the English.”
thus expressed :
Even the most careful scholars commit blun-
“ The proximate ancestor of the vertebrates was a
ders. Dr. Winsor brings La Salle to the shore free-swimming animal intermediate in organization be-
of the Gulf of Mexico in 1681 (page 4), and tween an Ascidian tadpole and Amphiozus, possessing
Pineda to the mouth of the Mississippi in 1579 the dorsal mouth, hypophysis, and restricted notochord
(page 6). On page 279 he names the south
of the former; and the myotomes, cælomic epithelium,
and straight alimentary canal of the latter. The ulti-
branch of the Potomac where he evidently
mate or primordial ancestor of the vertebrates would,
means the north branch. The index to the
on the contrary, be a worm-like animal whose organi-
work is perhaps as complete as could reasona- zation was approximately on a level with that of the
bly be expected, but the lack of an analytical bilateral ancestors of the Echinoderms.”
table of contents is a great drawback. Then The eight species of Amphioxus are all
Dr. Winsor, of all writers, should be the last placed by Dr. Willey in one genus, Amphi-
to omit from such a work as this all references OXUS. As Dr. Gill has shown, the secondary
or other indications of his sources, save the modifications of this group are better shown,
very general ones that are found in the text. for purposes of classification, by its division
B. A. HINSDALE.
into four genera, — Branchiostoma, Epigon-
ichthys, Asymmetron, and Amphioxides.
The book is a very valuable résumé of our
knowledge of a branch of zoology especially
THE LOWEST OF THE BACK-BONED
ANIMALS.*
interesting in its relations to evolution.
DAVID S. JORDAN.
Since the discovery of the vertebrate nature
of the Lancelet, by Gabriel Costa, in 1834, this
little creature has been an object of special in-
terest to anatomists, to taxonomists, and to evo-
THE IRREPRESSIBLE NATURE OF FAITH.*
lutionists alike. It is a vertebrate animal re- Few persons have ever made up their reckoning
duced to its lowest terms, being deprived of so completely without their host as the earlier scep-
all those structures with which the name ver-
tics of the last century and of the present century.
tebrate is usually associated. The Lancelet, or * As OTHERS Saw Him: A Retrospect, A. D. 54. Boston:
Amphioxus (in technical nomenclature, Bran-
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
A CREEDLESS GOSPEL AND THE GOSPEL CREED. By Henry
chiostoma) is fish-like in form and habit, but
Y. Satterlee, D.D. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
it is as far below or behind the fishes as man THE UNITED CHURCH OF THE UNITED STATES. By Charles
is above or beyond them. It lacks limbs,
Woodruff Shields. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
RAYS OF LIGHT FROM ALL LANDS: The Bibles and Be-
scales, skull, brain, jaws, eyes, ears, heart, red-
liefs of Mankind. Editors, Rev. E. C. Towne, B.A., A. J.
blood, and vertebrae. Its existence shows that Canfield, D.D., and George J. Hagar. New York: Gay Broth-
all these structures are results of special de-
ers & Co.
velopment - additions not essential to the
LIFE HERE AND HEREAFTER. By Malcolm MacColl, M.A.
New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
AMPHIOXUS AND THE ANCESTRY OF THE VERTEBRATES. THE FOUNDATIONS OF BELIEF. By the Right Hon. Arthur
By Arthur Willey, B.Sc., Tutor in Biology, Columbia Col- J. Balfour. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
lege, Balfour Student of the University of Cambridge. With THOUGHTS ON RELIGION. By the late George John Ro-
a preface by Henry Fairfield Osborn. (Columbia University manes, M.A. Edited by Charles Gore, M.A., Canon of West-
Biological Series, II.) New York: Macmillan & Co.
minster. Chicago: The Open Court Publishing Co.


1895.]
113
THE DIAL
We oppose
Attacks, which they thought would be destructive crucifixion, the resurrection, the asce
scension, the Holy
in a high degree if not final, have passed by as mere Ghost, the church, the judgment. The third part
episodes in a general development of religious be- is a brief enforcement of Christian
courage,
knowl-
lief. Conventional rites and creeds that seemed edge, joy in the presence of this supernatural light.
like barren fields exhausted by careless and routine | The book is well-fitted to impress the mind with a
tillage broken in on, no matter where or how, sense of the zeal and the redemptive power of the
have shown a soil full of seeds, capable of astonish- old forms of faith. Here is the true seed - broken
ing life. If any faith has been stripped away, it indeed for many of us and left behind by the divine
has given place, like a felled forest, to another and process of growth -out of which emerges the spir-
equally abundant form of growth. This pertinacity itual life of man. The work is too wide and thorough
of life has shown itself, on the one side, in the able in its scope to be criticized hastily, or to be advan-
and sturdy defence, even with a backward trend, tageously found fault with, in single details. We
of older forms of faith ; and on the other side, in draw attention to a few of the general considerations
the eagerness with which every new position is which have made, and still make, against an inflex-
taken up in the spiritual world and fortified as if it ible defence of the supernatural as hitherto con-
had something of the nature of a finality. No bands ceived. The words of Christ, defining our relations
of inquirers, even in science, are disposed to pitch to God, are the very essence of naturalism. If we
their camp for a single night without throwing out make religion a field foreign to science, to philoso-
some defensive works on the side of religious belief. phy, to morality, to society, we, at the same time,
The one omnipresent thought with men, more than make science, philosophy, morality, and society in
ever before, is : How do these facts bear on man's the same measure fields foreign to religion. We
spiritual hopes? We are impressed anew with this break the harmony of the universe.
perennial flow of faith by the range, force, and religion to the universe. Evolution, rightly ren-
depth of the works before us for review. With all dered, must find its way, does find its
way,
into
the diversity of tendencies they present, there is no religious faith. Faith can not be opposed to rea-
languor nor indifference.
son or put above reason. Reason must be ultimate.
“ As Others Saw Him” is a well-written, agree-
When faith at any point transcends reason, it owes
able book. It is not a product simply of the imag- its acceptance in that relation to reason itself.
ination, but an effort to construct, pictorially and “ The United Church of the United States " is a
historically, the farther side, the more unfamiliar
volume made up chiefly of essays addressed, at var-
side, of the life of Christ. The others” in the
ious times, to distinguished assemblies and to the
title stand for those not his disciples, yet those whose public on the question of Church Unity. The au-
interested attention was called out by Christ. The thor has been, for a long time, a prominent ex-
author strives to restore the impression which the pounder and advocate of this unity. The book is
presence and words of Christ must have made upon a full and accumulative presentation on the writer's
them. In doing this he avails himself, not merely part of this discussion. It seems to us character-
of the Gospel narrative, but also of all sayings and
ized by an extravagant estimate of the importance
representations afloat in "patristic literature.”
of the theme, and by vagueness in its presentation.
Works of this cast encounter a difficulty hard to The first assertion of the preface is : “ It has been
escape. Events that are intensely momentous, pre- becoming evident to many thoughtful observers that
eminently historical, can accept only with some con- the chief Christian problem of our age is the Re-
fusion of impression, and shock of feeling, an im- union of Christendom.” This, in view of the social
aginary form. Earnest minds prefer a severely and spiritual questions at issue with us, seems a
critical method that does not admit of any slurring very extreme assertion. The author misconceives
of the facts, or of the evidence on which they rest. the value of an outer unity. “ But surely, if
The author, however, uses the freedom of an imag- social ills are fast coming to a crisis, it is folly to
inary restoration of the life of Christ with forbear-
ignore them; and if organized Christianity is their
ance and good taste.
only perfect remedy it is madness to withhold that
“ A Creedless Gospel and the Gospel Creed” is remedy” (p. 260). The vagueness of the work is
a comprehensive, able, and — abating one's own be- in keeping with the over-estimate of its subject.
lief that it is inadequate -- a profound work. It is The unity of the Church may be spiritual or formal.
an earnest plea for the supernatural character and The two, however, in clear discussion must be kept
force of the leading facts and doctrines of Christian apart. We may dwell at liberty on the need of
faith as presented in the Apostolic Creed. It is spiritual unity, and nobody will say us nay. The
divided into three parts. The first part endeavors moment we propose some distinct formal union,
to show the inadequacy of the grounds of belief most persons will lapse into indifference; many will
which have been given by science, philosophy, ethics, violently oppose it ; and the advantages to be gained
natural religion, and social growth. The second by it will rapidly disappear. The author seems to
part presents, on the positive side, the chief events us to stand with one foot on the land the firm
on which Christianity rests, as the author conceives | land of spiritual unity — and the other on the sea
—
it: the self-revelation of God, the incarnation, the the sea of rites and creeds still indeterminate in


114
[Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
-
of us.
-
men's minds,— and to be very careful not to throw classes of them, under three aspects. We have con-
his weight forward into the position next in order sidered them from the point of view of their practical
a distinct form of union. The dispersive results necessity; from that of their philosophic proof; and
of intellectual activity are not yet complete. The from that of their scientific origin. Inquiries relating
truly vital forces are still explorative and devisive. to the same subject-matter more distinct in their char-
It is vain to try to bring them together till they acter it would be difficult to conceive. It remains for
begin to come together. If Episcopacy in England us to consider whether it is possible to extract from
were to-day to be disestablished, it would be very their combined results any general view which may
likely to drop into three parts,- a high church, a command at least a provisional assent” (p. 241).
low church, a broad church. Formal unity is to be The treatment will constantly call out dissent, but
gained by interior growth and lies far in advance it will also as constantly open up wider views than
those which become habitual in naturalism, and will
6. The Bibles and Beliefs of Mankind” is an confront its assertions with corrective principles.
after-clap of the Parliament of Religions. It is The author, without dogmatism, has a strong hold
made
up of three parts : The Bibles and Beliefs of on the spiritual elements in our nature, and walks
Mankind — with liberal quotations ; Churches and by reason, not as a veiled lantern, which casts its
Communions associated with Christianity; Parlia- entire light on the particular path pursued, but as
mentary Utterances. It is popular and pictorial in one which sends some disclosure in all directions.
form, and has especially some fine portraits of those We commend the book as well fitted to help the
who took part in the Assembly of 1893. It is an mind out of narrow and positive opinions into wide,
effort still farther to utilize the wide impressions open possibilities. The naturalism, whose weak-
made by that expressive, fruitful, and somewhat nesses Mr. Balfour exposes in many
effective ways,
scenic assembly — The Parliament of Religions. is that complete naturalism which rests on a purely
« Life Here and Hereafter” is a volume of ser-
empirical philosophy. This naturalism, as a final
mons; the earlier ones on immortality, the later
and adequate theory, receives no quarter at his
ones on various subjects. They are republished from
hands. The gist of the book is found in the relation
corrected newspaper reports. They are not remark-
of reason and authority as sources of belief. The
able for literary excellence, for critical investigation,
author magnifies authority. Yet the ninety-nine
or for unusual spiritual insight. Taken, however, as
persons and opinions resting on authority have less
sermons, as plain, practical, and earnest enforcement philosophical interest and importance than the one
of accepted truths, they are much to be commended. hundredth person and opinion making an appeal to
There is nothing in them conventional on the one
reason. These are the points of growth. Mr. Bal.
side, nor sensational on the other. There is only
four's enforcement is the enforcement of a states-
a simple, well-proportional effort to draw from the man rather than of a philosopher.
truth, as apprehended by speaker and listener, its “ Thoughts on Religion” is remarkable in the
appropriate impulses. They are good sermons. same direction, but in another fashion. George
They do credit to the integrity of mind and heart John Romanes, during his whole life, was closely
both of the speaker and of his audience. They have identified with inquiries involved in evolution, espe-
also a fair breadth of theme, touching on such top- cially with those which unite in development the
ics as Party Spirit, Capital and Labor. They are intellectual powers of animals and of men. Unlike
such discourses as do most men good to hear or read. Darwin, however, he constantly interested himself
The last two volumes on our list rightly claim the
in the speculative bearings of the facts under dis-
attention of all whose view of the world in which
cussion. “Theism," published by him some years ago
we are has first received the expansion of scientific
under the designation of Physicus," was a very
thought, and is now coming under its limitations. thorough presentation of the grounds of unbelief.
The human mind by being too long or too exclus-
It showed no hesitancy in reaching its conclusions.
ively occupied with one class of themes, or one He was a man of candor and of restless inquiry,
method of inquiry, suffers something very like atro- and the present volume presents accumulated mem-
phy. This atrophy, unfortunately, lies, most of it, oranda of beliefs slowly forming in his mind, that
in our time, in the direction of spiritual truth.
looked toward a complete even more complete
These two books in
very
different
ways
should at than many believers would accept — reconstruction
least serve to disclose this atrophy to those who suf-
of faith. As this reconstruction is as purely ra-
fer from it, and to correct it with those not con-
tional as the destruction which preceded it, the fact
firmed in it. “ The Foundations of Belief” is the is most significant. Both books will make the mind
product of a very active, wide-ranging mind, and
a broader and better instrument in the search for
one fairly familiar with, and impressible by, the
truth.
John BASCOM.
facts and arguments of naturalism. Without this ap-
preciation, nothing can now be said to much purpose
in defense of faith. The drift of the book is well put by Messrs. W. E. Henley and T. F. Henderson have
the author at the opening of the fourth part. “We undertaken the editorship of a four-volume centenary
have now considered beliefs, or certain important | edition of Burns, to be published in Edinburgh.
a
66


1895.]
115
THE DIAL
RECENT POETRY.*
Among the English poets of the later Victorian
period, contemporary criticism has made a fairly
sharp distinction between the six dii majores of song
and the host of minor versifiers. The consecrated
group that includes Tennyson and Browning, Ar-
nold and Rossetti, Mr. Swinburne and Mr. Morris,
seems now to be separated by a pretty deep and
definite gulf from the other occupants of the hill of
Parnassus, and it is not probable that posterity will
take a different view of the situation. Here and
there a plea will doubtless be made for the admis-
sion of some outsider or other into the charmed cir.
cle of the elect, but we doubt if any of these will
obtain the requisite suffrages. Among those who
will, however, come the nearest to such apotheosis
are two or three whose work has been practically
unknown to the generation in which they have lived,
for the simple reason that they have not chosen to
strive for the plaudits of the crowd. Such a poet
is Mr. Robert Bridges, who has until recently been
but a name -and hardly that to lovers of poetry ;
another such is Mr. Theodore Watts, who has only
just now consented to the publication of a volume
of his work. Still another is the author of the fol-
lowing lines, descriptive of the ambition of Phaë-
thon:
“As when the rathe and poignant spring divine
Sighs all too soon among the hoary woods,
And from the fleecy drifts of sodden snow
With promise and with perfume calls her buds,
And the buds open when they hear her feet,
And open but to perish. So his heart
Bloomed in a burst of immortality,
Nor feared the onward rolling vans of doom.
Yearning he had and hunger to ascend,
To sit at endless feast with purple robes
To fold his limbs in sheer magnificence,
With rays of glory round his radiant hair,
And deity effulgent in his brows:
A dream divine, whose passionate desire
Flooded his soul, till in the golden car
He trembled at the vision : as a leaf
Moved by a gale of splendour, that comes on,
When, at the point of sunrise, the wind sweeps
With sudden ray and music across the sea.
So in that rapture of presumptuous joy
He spake a dreadful and impious word ;
That he was nature's lord and king of gods,
He cared not now for Zeus, how should he care ?
Let the old dotard nod and doze above.
He rode the morning in unchecked career,
Apparelled in his sire's regalities,
The new Hyperion, greater than his sire ;
While the swift hooves beat music to his dream :
And for a little while his heart was glad,
a
Throbbing Olympian ichors. For an hour
Elate, he bore an ecstasy too great
For mortal nerve, and know the pride of gods.”
This passage occurs in one of the longer of the sec-
ond series of “Poems, Dramatic and Lyrical," by
Lord De Tabley. It is blank verse that will bear
a close examination ; that needs careful scrutiny, in
fact, to disclose all of its subtle beauty. Its affini-
ties seem to be partly Landorian and partly Ten-
nysonian, although it misses the severity of the
earlier and the exquisite dreamy languor of the later
poet. More strictly Tennysonian are these stanzas :
“I fain would have thee at my side,
When Spring is reaching out her hands,
When April, like a weeping bride,
Sails o'er the rosy orchard lands.
"When May winds bathe the reedy isles,
Where swans are nesting with their broods,
And sheets of sapphire pave for miles
The floors of hyacinthine woods."
Elsewhere, there may be found a touch of the sweet
paganism that Mr. Swinburne so often sang for us
in his earlier years. Swinburnian, although with a
passion tuned to lower and more decorous pitch, is
“A Hymn to Aphrodite,” from which this stanza
comes :
“To thee, enwreathed with passion flowers,
Our unreluctant prayers are given :
Thou art so near, when other powers
Seem worlds away in frigid heaven:
They know not, for they live apart,
The craving tumult of the heart."
In "The Wine of Life," on the other hand, we hear
such a grave philosophic note as Arnold so often
gave us :
POEMS, DRAMATIC AND LYRICAL. By Lord De Tabley.
Second Series. New York: Macmillan & Co.
POEMs. By Lionel Johnson. Boston: Copeland & Day.
HOMEWARD SONGS BY THE WAY. By A. E. Portland :
Thomas B. Mosher.
BALLADS AND OTHER VERSE. By A. H. Beesly. New
York : Longmans, Green, & Co.
THE NEW WORLD. With Other Verse. By Louis James
Block. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
SONNETS AND LYRICS. By Katrina Trask. New York :
Anson D. F. Randolph & Co.
POEMs. By John B. Tabb. Boston: Copeland & Day.
PHILOCTETES, and Other Poems and Sonnets. By J. E.
Nesmith. Cambridge: The Author.
DISTAFF AND SPINDLE. Sonnets by Mary Ashley Town-
send. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott Co.
CHOCORUA'S TENANTS. By Frank Bolles. Boston: Hough-
ton, Mifflin & Co.
IN WOODS AND FIELDS. By Augusta Larned. New York :
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
A BANK OF VIOLETS. Verses by Fanny H. Runnells Poole.
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
God's PARABLE, and Other Poems. By Susanna Massey.
New York : G. P. Putnam's Sons.
BLUE AND GOLD. By William S. Lord. Chicago: The
Dial Press.
“How idle for a spurious fame
To roll in thorn-beds of unrest;
What matter whom the mob acclaim,
If thou art master of thy breast ?
“If sick thy soul with fear and doubt,
And weary with the rabble din,-
If thou wouldst scorn the herd without,
First make the discord calm within.
“If we are lords in our disdain,
And rule our kingdoms of despair,
As fools we shall not plough the main
For halters made of syren's hair."
Yet with all these suggestions of other poets, we
never feel that Lord De Tabley is an imitator. He
speaks with his own voice, and we must hold either
the Zeitgeist or the spirit of classical culture respon-
sible for whatever similarities may be noted be-
:


116
(Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
66
tween his work and that of his contemporaries. Classics,” but prefer to take the briefer “Sortes
The dignity of his thought and the knowledge which Virgilianæ,” a sonnet in alexandrines.
he displays (particularly of the intimate aspects of “Lord of the Golden Branch, Virgil ! and Cæsar's friend :
nature), added to the true poetic feeling that per-
Leader of pilgrim Dante! Yes, things have their tears :
vades his work, warrant the belief that his place at
So sighed thy song, when down sad winds pierced to thine ears
Wandering and immemorial sorrows without end.
the Victorian banquet-board will prove a high one, And things of death touch hearts, that die: Yes; but joys blend,
late-comer though he be at the feast.
And glories, with our little life of human fears :
Mr. Lionel Johnson is one of the younger En-
Rome reigns, and Cæsar triumphs! Ah, the Golden Years,
The Golden Years return : this also the Gods send.
glish men of letters, and has heretofore been known
O men who have endured an heavier burden yet!
by a number of delicate critical studies, mostly pub-
Hear you not happy airs, and voices augural ?
lished in the English reviews. He now puts forth For you in these last days by sure foreknowledge set,
a volume of “ Poems,” gleaned from the work of Looms no Italian shore, bright and imperial ?
something less than ten years, and bearing much
Wounded and worn! What Virgil sang, doth God forget ?
evidence of thoughtful workmanship. The main
Virgil, the melancholy, the majestical.”
current of the thought which they embody is one Arnold is the only other poet that we know of who
of religious mysticism, adorned with the symbols has made such beautiful use of the sunt lacrymæ
of the Romanist faith. Other influences at work rerum,
in his verse are the racial feeling of the Celt, and
“The Virgilian cry,
the ideals of Greek and Latin literature. An elegiac
The sense of tears in mortal things."
strain pervades the work, and may be detected in
The masterpieces of modern literature have inspired
many of the poems besides those that are frankly
some of Mr. Johnson's best verses, and notably the
commemorative. The blending of classical and
poem upon the Brontë sisters, which has the follow-
Christian motive is happily illustrated in the two
ing close :
• Children of fire! The Muses filled
poems, “ Men of Assisi ” and “ Men of Aquino,” the
Hellas with shrines of gleaming stone;
one singing of Propertius and St. Francis, the other
Your wasted hands had strength to build
of Juvenal and St. Thomas. We quote the open-
Gray sanctuaries, hard-hewn, wind-blown.
ing and closing stanzas of the former poem :
“Over their heights, all blaunched in storm,
What purple fields of tempest hang!
“A crown of roses and of thorns ;
In splendour stands their mountain form,
A crown of roses and of bay:
That from the sombre quarry sprang.
Each crown of loveliness adorns
Assisi, gleaming far away
“Now the high gates lift up their head;
On Umbrian heights, in Umbrian day.
Now stormier music, than the blast,
Swells over the immortal dead :
“ One bloomed, when Cynthia's lover sang
Silent and sleeping, free at last.
Cynthia, and revelry, and Rome :
And one his wounded hands did hang
“But from the tempest, and the gloom,
Whose heart was lovelier Love's dear home;
The stars, the fires of God, steal forth :
And his, an holier martyrdom.
Dews fall upon your heather bloom,
O royal sisters of the North!”
"O city on the Umbrian hills :
Our last citation shall be a fragment from the beau-
Assisi, mother of such sons !
tiful tribute to our own Hawthorne.
What glory of remembrance fills
Thine heart, whereof the legend runs :
“Hesperian soul! Well hadst thou in the West
These are among my vanished sons."
Thine hermitage and meditative place:
In mild, retiring fields thou wast at rest,
The purely elegiac strain may be illustrated by the Calmed by old winds, touched with aërial grace:
lines “ To a Traveller."
Fields, whence old magic simples filled thy breast,
And unforgotten fragrance balmed thy face."
“Fare thee well, O strong heart! The tranquil night
Looks calmly on thee : and the sun pours down We have sought, in making the above quotations,
His glory over thee, O heart of might!
to represent Mr. Johnson, as every poet should be
Earth gives thee perfect rest :
Earth, whom thy swift feet pressed :
represented, by his best work, and there is little
Earth, whom the vast stars crown.”
need to state how good that work is. But it is due
The religious vein of Mr. Johnson's verse, in one in justice to say that much of his work is faulty,
of its simpler aspects, finds beautiful expression in
either in technique or in thought. There are many
a prayer to the Virgin on behalf of a fishing hamlet.
poems in which, while we are conscious of a profu-
sion of poetical material, we must recognize that
“Mary, Star of the Sea !
Look in this little place :
the material has not been properly elaborated; the
Bless the kind fisher race,
expression is diffuse and the thought far from clear.
Mary, Star of the Sea !
How imperfect the technique may be, a single verse
"Send harvest from the deep,
will show. Well couldst thou justify severe
Mary, Star of the Sea !
thoughts then ”is a phrase which one would hardly
Mary, Star of the Sea !
suspect of being a verse, did it not occur in what is
Let not these women weep."
clearly meant for a poem. Such a verse may fairly
We might illustrate another of the marked currents justify a few severe thoughts on the part of the
of the author's thought by the fine poem on “The critic, however well he may wish its author.
а
a
9


1895.]
117
THE DIAL
A deep feeling of the unity of the universe finds A few bluff and stirring ballads, some lyrics and
expression in " Homeward Songs by the Way.” To meditative pieces in rough or unconventional metres,
pierce through the veils of sense, discerning the and a few classical echoes, are the contents of Mr.
transcendental realities beyond ; and then to inter- Bees! “ Ballads and Other Verse.” The work,
pret these realities in half-mystical language, yet as a whole, displays poetic energy rather than poetic
with all the glow of sensuous imagery,— this has art, and but a moderate degree of either quality.
been the essential task of the true poet whose per- The influence of Browning is very marked, as in
sonality is modestly hidden beneath the initials that
“Life worth living?' Well, maybe
alone acknowledge authorship of the beautiful little
Not by you, I agree,
book before us. I moved among men and places,”
If the best of it you pawn
For a yawn,"
so runs the preface, “and in living I learned the
truth at last. I know I am a spirit, and that I went or in the dramatic piece, “A Woman's Last Word”:
forth in old time from the Self-ancestral to labours
“Dead? Yes. I see him stark there on the bed,
yet unaccomplished ; but filled ever and again with
Thank God, stone-dead.
Nor can I, as you preach to me I ought,
homesickness, I made these songs by the way.” One
Think one kind thought,
is reminded over and over again of such poems as
Or say one soft word to his memory,
Emerson's “ Brahma ” and Mr. Swinburne’s “ Her-
Howe'er I try.
tha," even more, perhaps, of Vaughan's mystical
'De Mortuis '- it is a fool who writes
song.
For hypocrites;
“Dusk” is an exquisite example of this
Better without false tear or feigned ruth
writer's work.
The whole, black truth.
“Dusk wraps the village in its dim caress ;
God! how I always hated him, and how
I hate him now.
Each chimney's vapour, like a thin grey rod,
Mounting aloft through miles of quietness,
By him, I tell you, even from the first,
Pillars the skies of God.
My life was cursed :
He made me traitress to divinest trust,
"Far up they break or seem to break their line,
And his hands thrust
Mingling their nebulous crests that bow and nod
Away whatever nobleness I had
Under the light of those fierce stars that shine
And made it bad,
Out of the calm of God.
Whatever sweetness took my fancy thrall
He turned to gall,
Whatever woke in me of steadfast will
"Only in clouds and dreams I felt those souls
He stifled still,
In the abyss, each fire hid in its clod ;
Whatever spark was struck of generous flame
From which in clouds and dreams the spirit rolls
He quenched in shame :
Into the vast of God."
Had he but made my body loth to live
I could forgive,
A second note of this collection, or rather a corol-
But not the mocking thief who stained and stole
lary of its main thesis, is foreshadowed in the words
My very soul."
already quoted : “In living I learned the truth at
last.” The ultimate harmonies of thought must
The quotation must end here, but the whole piece
is finely conceived.
come to the soul as the resolution of the discords of
life. Says “ The Man to the Angel”:
One half of Mr. Block's new volume of verse is
made up of a single poem—“ The New World”.
“I have wept a million tears.
Pure and proud one, where are thine ?
published two years ago as “ El Nuevo Mundo,” and
What the gain, though all thy years
then reviewed in these pages. Of the remaining con-
In unbroken beauty shine ?
tents, the most important, or at least the most am-
“All your beauty cannot win
bitious, are the long poems upon Goethe, Dante,
Truth we learn in pain and sighs :
and Plato, and "The Friendship of the Faiths.”
You can never enter in
The latter work, which was read at the Parliament
To the Circle of the Wise."
of Religions in 1893, has also had previous publi-
One more example must suffice us, and this pair of cation. Besides these lengthy productions, the vol-
quatrains it shall be:
ume contains several carefully-finished sonnets, po-
“I heard them in their sadness say
etical tributes to Lowell, Whitman, David Swing,
"The earth rebukes the thought of God;
and Alice Cary, and a few short lyrics. We hardly
We are but embers wrapped in clay
need to repeat upon this occasion the high estimate
A little nobler than the sod.'
previously given of Mr. Block's work, of its opulent
“But I have touched the lips of clay :
vocabulary, its dignity, its high seriousness, and, in
Mother, thy rudest sod to me
the longer poems, its largeness of utterance. The
Is thrilled with fire of hidden day,
defects of these qualities sometimes appear, indeed,
And haunted by all mystery."
for the vocabulary includes some words that had
This is the poet's even nobler way of saying what better have been spared, and the utterance, while
Tyndall so nobly said in the Belfast address, when large, is sometimes also a little thick. Mr. Block
he swept away the reproach of materialism by bid is best when his expression is most nearly simple,
ding us view the material world in the new light of as in the following paraphrase of certain familiar
modern physical science.
Goethean ideas :
a
:


118
(Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
a
“He only wins his freedom truly,
The author is certainly an adept in the compact pre-
Who daily wins it fresh and fair ;
sentation of detached thoughts; his taste is well-nigh
He only rises ever newly
Into the regions of the purer air
faultless, and the stamp of spirituality is upon every
Who falters not for blame nor praise,
page of his book.
But lives in strenuous and victorious days.
Past the times that bore and held him
Some one has cynically remarked that almost
Looked the gray poet with his quenchless gaze,
anyone can write sonnets, but that few can read
Some dear vision hovered and compelled him
them. Certain it is that the writing of sonnets is
Toward the Future's sunnier ways.
becoming more and more affected by the minor
Over the ocean's welter westward
poets of England and America, and it is equally
Sped his hope and strengthening thought,
Where each tenth wave rolled higher to crestward
certain that many of these attempts at one of the
Even as Fate rose nobler wrought."
most difficult of verse-forms serve mainly to illus-
trate the well-known saying about reckless fools and
This stanza from the poem on Dante is also an
example of sincere and heartfelt expression:
timorous angels. The “ Distaff and Spindle ” of
Mrs. Mary Ashley Townsend, for example, is a vol-
“We climbed that Mount where pain is held and sought
ume containing nothing but sonnets—sixty-nine of
As expiation of the luckless deed,
them; and, while her verse displays much poetic
We heard the hymns of deep contrition wrought,
We saw the stars that glowed for each one's need ; sensibility and fineness of perception, it should have
We felt the mountain thrill,
been cast in any mould other than that of the son-
And knew some happier will
net. We do not now speak of such technical im-
Had found release from its long-harbored grief,
perfections as the scant verse “Odorous invisibil-
And in the Heavens its fit and sure relief."
ity," or of such lapses from poetic diction as “ The
Perhaps the most satisfactory thing in the whole phonograph, that marvel of our age," but rather of
volume is the Dante-suggested sonnet, “The Garden the fact that these pieces, far from being “ moments'
Where There Is No Winter,” which readers of THE monuments,” are nothing more than so many short
DIAL will remember.
didactic and discursive poems, among which one
A delicate spirituality is also the predominant
would seek in vain for other than accidental illus-
note in the “Sonnets and Lyrics” of Mrs. Trask,
trations of the fundamental principles of sonnet-
whose post- Arthurian idyls (“ Under King Con-
structure. The example which we are about to
stantine") we had the pleasure of praising two or quote comes far nearer than most of the poems to
three years ago. This fine sonnet exhibits Mrs. what a sonnet ought to be, and is chosen because it
Trask's work at its best:
is always our wish, in these reviews of current verse,
“I wander in the desert of this world,
to represent a writer by the best that he has to
See God's effulgence for a moment's space
give us.
On some Mount Sinai, then come face to fate
“Come forth, Beloved I the hour has grown so still
With altars to the Golden Calf. Thus hurled
That I can almost hear the violets blow,
From holy heights, my soul in depths is whirled;
And hear the sap stir in the palms below
Yea, from the Blessed swiftly to the base.
The lawn, and, listening, seem to hear that thrill
Ah! 't is a desolate and barren place;
The lily feels when, bending down to fill
My heart is weary ;- but, behold / unfurled
From urns of dusk her petals with the slow
Before me floats a fleecy cloud of light,
Sweet-odored dews that out of darkness grow,
A roseate pillar through the toiling day,
One ardent star comes trysting o'er the hill !
Illumining the desert's arid sand;
I believe that I could hear if even a thought,
And, lo! a vivid guiding flame by night.
Or yearning glance, of thine this way should pass,
'Tis Love that goes before me on my way,
Or if thy white soul beckoned me apart;
And leads me onward to the Promised Land."
Love has a sense so delicately wrought
That it could he thy shadow cross the grass,
The chaste and tender diction of the poems from
Or thy chill silence drifting toward my heart !"
which this selection comes is unfailing in its charm,
and the beauty of the soul which can thus express
We would say of this volụme, in conclusion, that it
itself is everywhere manifest.
would have been the gainer had the effort expended
in searching for strange expressions and verbal
The “ Poems" contained in Father Tabb's mod- effects been
directed to the more important tasks
est little volume are the merest seed-pearls of song, of polishing the rhythm, illuminating the structure,
80 simple and unpretentious they are. Many of
and reducing by one the number of rhymes that the
them are only quatrains, and few (the group
author has allowed herself in her sestets.
nets excepted) fill more than eight or ten lines.
“ Narcissus ” is a good example :
What we have just said of Mrs. Townsend's son-
nets applies also in considerable measure to those
“The god enamoured never knew
fifty or sixty in number—in Mr. Nesmith’s volume.
The shadow that beguiled his view,
Nor deemed it less divinely true
Yet in this case the poetic energy is so marked, the
Than Life and Love.
stuff so various and well-fitted for treatment, and
“ And so the poet, while he wrought
the thought so compact, that the failings of the
His image in the tide of thought,
poems considered strictly as sonnets become less
Deemed it a glimpse in darkness caught
apparent. Mr. Nesmith has studied good models
Of light above."
-Rossetti, Wordsworth, Milton-and echoes from
a
-
of son-


1895.]
119
THE DIAL
1
them all at times strike the ear. What, for exam-
Midway in the month of roses,
When beside the brook is blooming,
ple, can be more Rossettian than this :
Pure and shy, the sweet linnæa ;
" What drear encampment of encircling glooms,
In the pines, among the beeches,
Or sick surmise of culminating fate,
On the boulders, cawing, scolding,
Can bid To-day put off her eddying plumes,
All the crows in Crowlands gather.
Her orb, her ornaments, and purpled state"?
Then it is the young are learning
How to stand and beat their pinions,
A certain austerity of feeling also not infrequently
How to caw, and croak, and bluster.
suggests Matthew Arnold or E. R. Sill, with the
Happy days those days in June-tide ;
latter of whom the author seems to have no slight
Days of feasting, days of plunder.”
degree of spiritual kinship. One of the best of the
Not upon mountain slopes, but “ In Woods and
sonnets is “Subtle Spring":
Fields,” are set the scenes of Miss Larned's mus-
“What subtle touch upon what secret string,
ings. They are pretty, tasteful lyrics, soaring to
What naked bleakness of wind-withered bowers, no heights, but tender with reflections of the beauty
What frozen barrenness of wintry hours,
of nature in her restful moods. Let us take, for
What sick surmise, forlorn imagining,
Makes sad the haunting melody of Spring ;
example, some verses written “At Evening ":
Her songs, her pomp, her verdure and her blooms,
“Within this hushed and sacred hour
Her friends, her coronals, and eddying plumes, -
The silence blossoms like a flower,
While all the cherubs of the morning sing ?
And color melts unseen away,
Subtle as Sphinx is she, too subtly wise
And leaves the silver and the gray ;
To dull the soul with undisturbed content;
So thought gives place to vague content,
But with suggestions sad and subtly blent,
The soul of music twined and blent
She weaves in her enchanting mystery
With reveries dim and pleasing throng,
Musings and thoughts that touch eternity,-
A soundless chant, a wordless song.
The songs of April and the breath of sighs."
Another thin volume, Mrs. Poole's “A Bank of
The spirit thus described is different from the Violets," has natural beauty for its keynote, although
riotous Spring invoked by Mr. Charles Leonard the fancy sometimes wanders into the world of books
Moore's magnificent sonnet, but it represents with
and men.
We cannot do better than reprint the
no less fidelity its own temperamental point of view. | opening triolet :
It will be noticed from the quotations above made
“Were Poetry the sweet south breeze,
that Mr. Nesmith takes all sorts of liberties with
To breathe upon my violets,
the form of the sonnet, that if a phrase pleases his
Delight would thrill the neighboring trees
Of Helicon ; and Fancy ease
fancy he does not hesitate to use it more than once,
Her heart in far-heard triolets,-
and that he is not careful to avoid pressing a word
Were Poetry the sweet south breeze
too often into service in the same context. Five
To breathe upon my violets !”
poems which are not sonnets are included in the
Miss Susanna Massey's volume, “God's Parable
volume, and one of them, “ Philoctetes at Lemnos," and Other Poems,” takes a wider range than the
gives it a title. We are less impressed by this frag-collection just mentioned, and finds inspiration in
mentary imitation of Greek tragedy than by the life rather than nature. Its contents include the
fine “Hymn of Nature” that follows a poem of
long titular poem
a sort of dramatic idyl — some
unusual imaginative power and felicity of phrase. bits of French verse, a translation from the “ Chan-
On the whole, although the present volume hardly sons de Guzla," echoes of European travel, songs,
exhibits an advance upon the “ Monadnoc” of six and sonnets. We reproduce the irregular sonnet
years ago, it sustains the note sounded by that note- called “ An Aspiration."
worthy volume, and we are glad to repeat some-
"Peak piled on peak, like dim cathedral spires,
thing of the praise then bestowed by us upon the Prick the light lace-work of the amber sky.
author in these pages.
On the green slopes weird, twisted shadows lie,
Cast, dark and writhing, from the sun's fierce fires.
A copy of verses left
among the manuscripts of Upward we strain our gaze, the soul aspires
the late Frank Bolles has just been published, and Unto those heights! Oh, but for wings to fly,
To mount and mount with zeal that never tires —
reveals that lover of nature in a new light. It is
To burst Earth's clod and live, though we should die.
called “ Chocorua's Tenants,” and describes the say-
“To reach the vast Beyond - ah, that Beyond,
ings and doings of a dozen or more of the birds of
Which only once was bared to mortal eyes
New England. It cannot be said that the author
On Pisgah's mount! To knit the unseen bond,
had the poetical gift in any marked degree, and That twixt the Infinite and Finite lies!
these verses, in the trochaic metre of “ Hiawatha,”
The pent soul struggles, and the heart grows fond,
Whilst dimmer through our tears, the dim peaks rise."
may be praised, not as verses, but simply as a new
illustration of the author's fine and sympathetic It is a pity that so unpardonable a license of form
quality of observation, of his intimate feeling for
should mar what is otherwise an excellent sonnet.
the message of nature of birds, and flowers, and A lack of technical finish, we should add, is fre-
rugged mountain fastnesses. One example is as
quently to be observed in Miss Massey's poems.
good as another for our present purpose of illustra- Our final word shall be given to the sheaf of un-
tion, and hence, opening the book almost at random, pretentious verses called “Blue and Gold.” They
we pluck from its pages these lines :
are hardly more than the recreations of a few idle
-


120
[Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
sea.
66
hours, but are marked by good taste and kindly self appears to conclude that women are nearer like
sentiment, and are pleasant enough to read. children than like men; that women are not unde-
Lord is most engaging when he sings of childhood, veloped men ; and that the child represents a higher
as in “ Nautical Ned.”
degree of evolution than the adult.
He appears
“I sing of a toddling mariner chap,
also to expect a gradual approximation between the
With wide flowing trousers and sailor's cap;
sexes, in which man may go further to reach the
His little warm jacket, with buttons and braid,
common ground than will woman. While not very
Bespeaks the bold rover to run a blockade.
No longer miscall him — when all has been said,
fully agreeing with the author's deductions, we can
His name is not Edward, but Nautical Ned;
heartily commend the book to thoughtful readers.
A wee little, free little, fellow is he,
And yet he's a regular man of the
That stanch Tory and amusing quid-
Mr. Smalley's
Mr. Lord has also written some acceptable sonnets, studies of men.
nunc, Mr. G. W. Smalley, signalizes
one of which, on “ The Sonnet” itself, would be
his return to democracy and his na-
deserving of much praise did its author not fall into
tive heath by reprinting in book form a number of
his London letters to the New York - Tribune,"
the pit dug for those who have not learned to dis-
criminate in the use of “shall ” and “ will."
under the title “ Studies of Men” (Harper). The
papers are all chatty and readable, and filled with
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
a certain unconscious humor for which the writer is
noted. Thackeray should have known Mr. Smalley.
The 66
Studies are largely concerned with the no
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
bility and gentry, with whom the author seems to
have been on almost as good terms as “Mrs. Jar-
In his volume entitled “Man and
A new study of
ley”; and the name of that eminent layer of corner-
the capabilities of Woman,” Mr. Havelock Ellis, the stones and glass of fashion, the Prince of Wales,
man versus woman. editor of the Contemporary
Science
crops up with agreeable frequency. Literary and
Series” (Scribner) in which the book appears, pre- political lights are not neglected, there being some
sents data resulting from a dozen years' reading in very good papers, in the journalistic way, on Ten-
sociological and anthropological literature. The au- nyson, Professor Jowett, Mrs. Ward, Mr. Parnell,
thor has tried to gather and to present clearly our Mr. Balfour, and others. One of the best of them
actual knowledge regarding the secondary sexual is “ A Visit to Prince Bismarck,” reprinted from
characters in the human species. The work is a the "Fortnightly Review." Mr. Smalley tells a
timely contribution. Just at this time it is com- story of Lord Granville, then Foreign Minister,
monly asserted that woman is capable of undertak- which he thinks very characteristic of him, and
ing and accomplishing almost anything and every- which we quote as very characteristic of Mr. Smal-
thing that man can do. The idea is necessarily ley. Lady Granville was giving a party at the
erroneous.
Inherent differences due to sex are Foreign Office, and host and hostess were receiving
present in the whole of human life. Woman can their guests on the landing of the great staircase.
never do man's work; man can never do the work It was a notably grand affair. Mr. Smalley was
of woman. Each sex is adapted to a particular there, and the Prince and Princess of Wales were
sphere of activity. This is not to assert that woman momentarily expected. At this solemn juncture
is man's inferior, either wholly or in most respects. were announced —“ let us say Mr. and Mrs. Jones
But man and woman are necessarily unlike. The - two very humble units in the brilliant procession
male is everywhere militant, active; the female is which was advancing up the staircase. In another
everywhere industrial, passive. This fundamental country than England it would hardly be under-
distinction exists not only in humanity ; it goes stood, but here a guest not known to the Foreign
throughout the animal and vegetable series until Minister or his wife may easily enough pass both of
one gets very far down. No number of social ex- them in the crush without recognition. Lord Gran-
periments or emancipations will ever do away with ville knew Mr. Jones, and shook hands with him.
it. Militancy demands the harmonious combination Mrs. Jones, with a dozen other ladies equally unre-
of certain characteristics : industrialism demands marked, was passing on. The first notes of God
an equally happy combination of other characteris- Save the Queen, proclaiming the approach of the
tics. Neither is superior, neither inferior; for race royalties, were heard just then. Lord Granville
perpetuation and progress, both must be present, heard them, but he stopped Mr. Jones, with that
and both well characterized. To study these com- leisurely manner which he had in such perfection,
binations of qualities is a legitimate task in science. and said : “Pray introduce me to Mrs. Jones before
In his book Mr. Ellis breaks ground in this direc- you go up.' And he found time to murmur a polite
tion. Anatomical, physiological, psychical com- greeting in Mrs. Jones's ear, while the music swelled
parisons are made. Too little definite work has and the Prince and Princess drew near; and he
been done by original investigators for the book to reached the hall to receive them, with an infinitesi-
give much of final conclusion. But it is an excel- mal fraction of a second to spare.” Of such small
lent compilation of present knowledge, and points phenomena Mr. Smalley is the keenest of observers
out hopeful lines for future work. Mr. Ellis him- and most unctuous of chroniclers.
-66
-


1895.]
121
THE DIAL
Mr. Jones pro-
A hopeful view
Mr. Arthur Henry Jones is not only is an imitation of the “ Yellow Book "; that it is
of the future of the author of successful plays, such as quite amateurish, especially in its pictures ; that the
English drama.
“The Middleman,” “The Tempter,” Jenson Press (“ Makers of Unique Volumes ") is
etc., but he is also an agreeable writer on subjects kept rather too prominently before the reader; and
pertaining to the dramatic art. His lectures and that it must be pleasant for the young artists of this
essays of the last ten years have covered nearly country to have some city of refuge from those
every phase of the dramatic situation in England; cold encouragers of youthful genius, the “Century
and these he has now published in a volume called Magazine” et aliis. Having said so much, the
“ The Renascence of the English Drama (Mac- whole contents of
Moods”
may well enough pass
millan). At a time when so much is said and without special comment, and one or two general
written of the hopelessness of the dramatic outlook, remarks on the publication will be sufficient for
it is pleasing to find one well-informed writer tak- practical purposes. The first is that, while there
ing a cheerful view of the case.
are several things that one may easily acknowledge
nounces the present a very critical period in the to be quite clever, there is nothing from cover to
history of the English drama, the two most recent cover (in Volume Two) that absolutely compels ad-
schools having perished because they failed to fur- miration. This is a pity; a few such things give
nish any satisfaction to the artistic sense, and sup- sufficient reason for a publication of this kind. One
plied only amusement. But in the last few years an
would think that in such a movement of generous-
improvement in public taste begins to be manifested; hearted young men and women, there would surely
audiences have become educated at least up to the be something which would make one say, “ That's
point where they can detect artificiality and insin- the real thing; that fellow has the right stuff in
cerity in plays. He has hopes for the foundation him ; there's a lot of rubbish about it, but it's a
of a school of modern English drama, for a school thing you have to acknowledge, whether you like it
of plays of serious intention, plays that implicitly or not.” But no such genuine feeling has disturbed
assert the value and dignity of human life, that deal the mind of any reader of “ Moods.” There's not a
with its great passions and great aims, and show spark of real life. The second thing to observe is
that it is full of meaning and of moment. Another that there is a tone of indelicacy and immodesty in
interesting feature of the book is Mr. Jones's con- the book which is unbecoming. We use these mild
tention that the chief tests of a good play are “ lit- words, because stronger ones would seem to indicate a
erature and character-painting.” The test of a good certain virility or manliness which is absent. The pub-
play, we are usually told, is, “How will it act?' lication is by no means wholly improper; but about
Our author grants only that this is the test of a half of the young men of the day have written things
popular play; that the test of a really good play is, which their mothers will be pained to read. Mr.
“ Can it be read as well as acted ?" Mere inge- | Owen Wister and Mr. Walter Blackburn Harte give
nuity of situation, dramatic surprises, and complica- rather slight assistance in counterbalancing the child-
tions of a story, are at bottom worthless unless they ishness of the rest, but they have much to contend
illustrate and develop human character; and every with. We have then, on the whole, a book without
dramatic work of lasting value will stand the test anything of commanding excellence, and with a
as literature and as character-painting, though it great deal that really demands the contempt that
may not stand any other test, The author has a such ventures as « Moods
are too apt to receive.
great admiration for Matthew Arnold, as is ap-
parent not only by his direct tributes occasionally,
Volume II. of a useful series of studies
A new life of
but by his imitations, probably unconscious, of Ar-
of Public Men of To-day” (Warne)
the Chinese Viceroy.
nold's literary style. There is, in both, the same
is a “Life of Li Hungchang," by
fondness for reiteration of a happy phrase (for ex-
Professor Robert K. Douglas. Considering the ob-
ample, the "billy-cock-hat criticism ”), the same
vious difficulties in the way of the biographer of a
tendency to humor of a somewhat frisky order, the
Chinese statesman, the author has done his work re-
same type of allusions, as well as the same high markably well, tracing intelligibly the military and
qualities of directness, simplicity, and insight. diplomatic career of the Viceroy from his first active
services at the time of the T'aip'ing Rebellion, down
The second volume of “ Moods” (“ a to the late ruffianly assault upon him in the streets
Journal Intime, wherein the Artist of Shimonoseki. With many admirable qualities,
and the Author pleaseth himself”) and even a certain sense of the superiority of West-
is upon us before we have noticed the first. We ern nations in point of practical science and the me-
hasten, therefore, with a slight remark on the sec- chanical arts, Li has never been able to shake off
ond, in order that the third may not find us still the chains of the fatal conservatism which have
among those who are unimpressed by this manifesto bound his countrymen for ages. The evidence of his
of the youth of the day. Certain things about this senses has forced upon him the unwelcome fact that
publication will be remarked by everyone : we need in the appliances of industry and warfare the “bar-
merely note that such an artistic publication is barians” of the West and their facile imitators in
always, in a general way, a good thing, as showing Japan have far outstripped his countrymen ; but
some movement of ideas; that this particular one never for an instant has been shaken his implicit
وو
Some very
childish " Moods."


122
[Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
a
belief in “the ineffable wisdom of the founders of of study derived from Rohde's “History of the
Chinese polity, or in the superiority of the civiliza- Greek Novel.” After an introductory chapter, which
tion of China over that possessed by any other na- aims chiefly at distinguishing between the terms
tion on the face of the earth.” Nevertheless, Li “story,” “romance,” and “ novel,” the author dis-
Hungchang has rendered his country signal ser- cusses in successive chapters the Greek novel, the
vices. It is a pity that his long and heretofore rel- romance of chivalry, the Italian and Spanish pas-
atively useful career should close with a series of toral, and the Spanish picaresque novel. Lengthy
national disasters due to his fatal inability to read analyses are given of such works as the “ Amadis
aright the drift of Japanese policy in Korea. With of Gaul,” the Palmerin of England," the “ Ar-
China and Japan in accord, and Korea strength- cadia” of Sannazaro, the “ Diana” of Montemayor,
ened and developed into an effective“ buffer” state, and the “ Lazarillo de Tormes." The author de-
Russian advance to the southward would receive a serves much credit for the patience with which he
serious check; and it is plainly the Russian Drang has read and summarized these wearisome produc-
nach Süden that furnishes the key to Japan's ac- tions, and for the measure of success with which he
tivity in the “ Hermit State.” Heinrich Heine once has traced the ancestry of the typical forms of mod-
predicted that the time would come when all Eu- ern fiction. For a large part of the ground covered
rope would “smell of Russian leather.” The spirit by this work, we had, previous to its appearance,
of the prediction, or the thought that inspired it, has nothing better than Dunlop in English ; and Dun-
long pervaded the diplomacy of the Orient; and lop, viewed in the light of modern criticism, leaves
that so astute a man as Li, filled moreover with a much to be desired.
wholesome dread of the “grasping policy of Rus-
Two volumes of “Readings from
6
sia,” should have failed to join hands with Japan Readings from
in the Korean matter, is surprising enough. The
old English the Old English Dramatists” (Lee
dramatists.
volume contains portraits of Li Hungchang and of
& Shepard) have been compiled by
Vice-Admiral Ito.
Mrs. Erving Winslow, the selections being con-
nected and introduced by some discussion of the
Dr. G. F. Browne's “ Off the Mill”
successive dramatic periods thus represented. Be
A collection of
Alpine sketches.
(Macmillan ) is chiefly made up of ginning with a chapter called “ Miracle to Masque,"
papers on Alpine subjects, which first the subject is carried through the “Comedy of the
appeared some thirty years ago in various periodicals. Eighteenth Century." The compiler has shown
These productions will be of some interest to the
much skill and taste, together with occasional orig-
present generation of Alpine climbers as reflecting inality. The chapter on · Minor Elizabethan Dram-
"
the conditions that faced the amateur mountaineer atists” is noteworthy because it is an appreciative
before Einspänners and the like valetudinary helps
tribute to a class of men that commonly have scant
had made the ascent of Mont Blanc comparatively justice done them. The readings here are from
a rather commonplace, not to say cockney, affair.
Your genuine mountaineer nowadays, men like
Dekker's “Shoemaker's Holiday,” and Heywood's
Messrs. Conway and Whymper, are content with
“A Woman Killed with Kindness.” Speaking of
nothing short of the Andes and the Himalayas. Dr. the first appearance on the stage of women actors,
Browne's Alpine sketches, we learn, were originally
in place of the boys who had previously played the
printed with illustrations, “ the earliest, or almost
women's parts, the author makes this striking ob-
the earliest, of Mr. Du Maurier's work"; and these
servation : “ Here is a mystery,— with all the ad-
chefs-d'ouvre have, we regret to say, been omitted vantages offered to the modern dramatist by the
from the reprint on the singular plea that the greatest actresses, it is but rarely that he moulds
“
great change which has taken place in the ladies' a perfect woman for the stage ; while the ancient
dress would cause the illustrations to seem unreal." poets were inspired by these beardless youths to
The creator of “ Trilby” is not just the man, per-
some of their most delicate productions, and sex
haps, to do justice to the Alps; but we should very
seems never to have been forgotten.”
much like to see what he would make of them.
Other papers in the volume are: “A Night with a
Salmon," - The Engadine," "Collecting Ancestors,"
«
BRIEFER MENTION.
" Archæological Frauds in Palestine" (a very good
one), “ Pontresina,” etc.
We take pleasure in calling attention to the excep-
tionally neat and well-edited German texts that have
Professor F. M. Warren's “ History recently been published by Messrs. Henry Holt & Co.
History of
of the Novel Previous to the Seven- They include Schiller's “ Jungfrau von Orleans,” edited
the early novel.
teenth Century” (Holt) is a useful
by Mr. A. B. Nicbols; Scheffel's “ Trompeter von Säk-
contribution to literary history, although it is a
kingen,” edited by Miss Mary A. Frost; a volume of
“German Prose and Poetry for Early Reading,” edited
somewhat discursive production, and not as well
by Mr. T. B. Bronson; and a selection of “Deutsche
written as it ought to be. The idea of the book was Gedichte,” edited by Dr. Camillo von Klenze. Mr.
suggested by Körting's “ History of the French Bronson's volume includes Hauff's “Karawane" and
Novel in the Seventeenth Century," and the method many shorter pieces; Dr. von Klenze's book is devoted
. ”
66
)


1895.]
123
THE DIAL
a
60
to “ characteristic German literary ballads and lyrics tember 21 to 28, under the patronage of the King of
since the dawn of the classical period.”
Saxony.
Professor B. A. Hinsdale's work on - The American Mrs. Humphry Ward's new novel, “Sir George Tres-
Government, National and State” (Werner) was first sady," upon which she has been at work for the past
published four years ago, and now reappears in a re- two years, will appear as a serial in “The Century,”
vised edition, printed entirely from new plates, and beginning with November.
embodying many alterations and improvements. The The first story by Michael Field to appear in an
work must be regarded as one of the best of our college American periodical is begun in the September “ Atlan-
text-books, and as an invaluable aid to teachers of the tic” with the title of “ Tiger Lilies.” Is not this, by
subject in our lower schools. Compactness, careful the way, the title of Sidney Lanier's earliest novel ?
arrangement of matter, and a plain forcible style, all A new edition of Shakespeare's plays, intended espe-
commend the book to both teacher and student. The
cially for high school and college classes, will be begun
treatment is throughout historical, and the State govern- at once by Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co. There are sev-
ments get their due share of attention.
eral editors, and the text is based on that of the Globe
The constant and increasing demand for Dr. Mas- edition.
pero's “Manual of Egyptian Archæology” has caused It is reported, from London, that Li Hung Chang,
the publishers (Putnam) to issue a new edition “in as the Chinese Viceroy, desires to spend next winter in the
light and portable a form as possible.” This new edi- United States. A book of “impressions” by him dur-
tion has been revised and enlarged by the author him- ing his sojourn here would be an interesting literary
self, and made more useful than ever to the traveller in announcement.
Egypt, or to the student at home, as a work of refer- The “Literary World” of Boston has changed editors,
ence. The text of the translation is that made by Mr. N. P. Gilman retiring to become a professor of
the late Amelia B. Edwards, subject, of course, to the sociology in the Meadville Theological School, and the
modifications that have been found necessary to bring Rev. Edward Abbott, who was editor of the paper for
the work to date. There are over three hundred illus- about twelve years previous to 1889, resuming his old
trations.
position.
The excellent new English edition of Balzac (Dent- The committee of the Incorporated Society of Au-
Macmillan), the initial volume of which was noticed in thors (London) have adopted a resolution conveying to
our last issue, has been extended by two more volumes Mr. G. H. Putnam “ their recognition and appreciation
-“ The Chouans,” translated by Miss Ellen Marriage, of the services he has rendered to the cause of interna-
and “At the Sign of the Cat and Racket,” translated tional copyright, in conjunction with Mr. R. Under-
by Miss Clara Bell, and supplied with a preface by Mr. wood Johnson and the American committee.”
George Saintsbury. The new edition of Defoe, edited
The recent death of the artist Hovenden, in Phila-
by Mr. George A. Aitken and illustrated by Mr. J. B.
delphia, has inspired a movement, on the part of the
Yeats, and bearing also the Dent-Macmillan imprint, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, for a memorial
reaches its ninth volume in “ A Journal of the Plague
exhibition of his works, together with those of two other
Year.” It is a pleasure to commend such beautiful
Philadelphia artists also lately deceased, P. F. Roth-
books as are contained in both these sets.
ermel and I. L. Williams. The Academy would be glad
Mr. A. P. Gage’s “ Elements of Physics” has been to hear from owners of pictures by these artists, as it
for the past dozen years the best American book of its is desired to make the exhibit a full and representative
kind accessible for high school use. It is now supple-
The address is Philadelphia.
mented (we can hardly say replaced) by the more com- The following monographs have just appeared in the
prehensive and up-to-date “ Principles of Physics"
“Science Series” of the “Bulletin of the University of
(Ginn), which exemplifies the same admirable methods
Wisconsin”: “On the Quartz Keratophyre and Asso-
of presentation as the earlier work, and offers material ciated Rocks of the North Range of the Baraboo Bluffs,"
enough for both high school and college courses. It is
by Mr. Samuel Weidman; “Studies in Spherical and
a book of between six and seven hundred pages, with Practical Astronomy,” by Mr. George C. Comstock;
all sorts of helpful illustrations in abundance.
“ A Contribution to the Mineralogy of Wisconsin," by
Mr. W. H. Hobbs; and “ An Experimental Study of
Field Methods Which Will Insure to Stadia Measure-
ments Greater Accuracy,” by Mr. Leonard S. Smith.
LITERARY NOTES.
A gap is left in the ranks of the publishing fraternity
“A Pair of Blue Eyes" has just been added by
of America by the death of H. 0. Houghton, head of
Messrs. Harper & Brothers to their handsome library
the house of Houghton, Mifflin & Co., which occurred
edition of the novels of Mr. Thomas Hardy.
suddenly at his home in North Andover, Mass., August
25, at the age of seventy years. Mr. Houghton began
The Dent-Lippincott imprint is borne by the title-
life as a printer, and after building up one of the fore-
page of a new and vised edition of Mrs. Alfred Bald-
win's “ The Story of a Marriage.”
most printing houses of America, the “ Riverside Press,”
he entered the publishing field as a member of the firm
A pleasant surprise for the Fall Season is announced
of Hurd & Houghton. A few years later he acquired an
by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.- a new volume of
interest, with J. R. Osgood, in the firm which succeeded
poems by Lowell, with a new portrait as frontispiece. the historic houses of Ticknor & Fields, and Fields, Os-
Notwithstanding the almost innumerable editions of good & Co., and which afterwards, on Mr. Osgood's re-
De Amicis' “Cuore," a new one, illustrated, is nearly tirement, became the house of Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
ready for publication by Messrs. T. Y. Crowell & Co. It is a house which possesses the highest traditions and
The International Literary and Artistic Association associations in American literature; and these were
will hold its seventeenth congress at Dresden from Sep- l worthily maintained under Mr. Houghton's régime.
a
one.
>
"


124
(Sept. 1, 1895.
THE DIAL
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
September, 1895 (First List).
"America's ” Cup, The, and Its Contests. McClure.
Arabia - Islam, and the Eastern Question. Harper.
Child Study. Annie Howes Barus. Forum.
Clay, Recollections of. Madeleine McDowell. Century.
Clubs. Lawrence Irwell. Lippincott.
Constantinople. J. P. Mahaffy. Chautauquan.
Country Clubs in America. E. S. Martin. Scribner.
Cow-Puncher, Evolution of the. Owen Wister. Harper.
Crabbing. Calvin D. Wilson. Lippincott.
Criminal Anthropology. C. Lombroso. Forum.
Cuba, The Freeing of. Clarence King. Forum.
Education, A Few Words about. Dial.
Evolution and Education. Joseph Le Conte. Educational Rev.
Faith, The Irrepressible Nature of. John Bascom. Dial.
Gardening, Aquatic. J. H. Connelly. Century.
German Schools. Mrs. M. A. W. Rodger. Chautauquan.
Grady, Henry W. Clark Howell. Chautauquan.
Hard Times, Benefits of. Edward Atkinson. Forum.
History, The Writing of. Woodrow Wilson. Century.
Huxley, Professor. Richard H. Hutton. Forum.
Indian Art. Edwin Lord Weeks. Harper.
Inns around London, Notable. Nettie L. Beal. Chautauquan.
Law, Enforcement of. Theodore Roosevelt. Forum.
Low, Will H. Cleveland Moffett. McClure.
Matterhorn, Climbing the. Garrett P. Serviss. McClure.
Mental Telegraphy. Mark Twain. Harper.
Military Park, The National. H. V. Boynton. Century.
Mississippi Basin, The, 1697-1763. B. A. Hinsdale. Dial.
Molière. Ellen Duvall. Lippincott.
Poetry, Recent. William Morton Payne. Dial.
Rural School Problem, The. Henry Sabin. Educational Rev.
Stephen, Sir James Fitzjames, The Life of. Dial.
Superstition, Survival of. Elizabeth F. Seat. Lippincott.
FICTION.
The Heart of Life. By W. H. Mallock, author of " Is Life
Worth Living ?” 12mo, pp. 397. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.25.
Lyre and Lancet: A Story in Scenes. By F. Anstey, au-
thor of “ Vice Versâ.” 18mo, pp. 256. Macmillan & Co.
$1.25.
Queensbithe. By Henrietta G. Rowe, author of " Re-Told
Tales of the Hills of Maine." 16mo, pp. 184. Buffalo :
Charles Wells Moulton. $1.25.
Doty Dontcare: A Story of the Garden of the Antilles. By
Mary Farrington Foster. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 187.
Estes & Lauriat. $1.
When Love Is Done. By Ethel Davis, 12mo, gilt top, pp.
301. Estes & Lauriat. $1.25.
Mrs. Musgrave-and her Husband. By Richard Marsh.
16mo, pp. 208. D. Appleton & Co. $1.
The Honour of the Flag. By W. Clark Russell. 18mo, pp.
196. Putnam's “Autonym Library." 50 cts.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD FICTION.
At the sign of the Cat and Racket. By H. de Balzac ;
trans. by Clara Bell; with preface by George Saintsbury.
Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 277. Macmillan & Co.
$1.50.
A Journal of the Plague Year. By Daniel Defoe; edited
by George A. Aitken. Illus., 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp.
303, Macmillan & Co. $1.
NEW VOLUMES IN THE PAPER LIBRARIES.
Macmillan's Novelists' Library: Grania, by the Hon.
Emily Lawless ; 12mo, pp. 355, 50 cts.
Putnam's Hudson Library: An Island Princess, by Theo.
Gift ; 16mo, pp. 270, 50 cts.
Fenno's Select Series: A Soldier of Fortune, by L. T.
Meade ; 12mo, pp. 283, 50 cts.
Routledge's Lafayette Library : Only a Commoner, by
Nat Gould ; 16mo, pp. 283, 50 cts.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
From a New England Hillside. By William Potts. 32mo,
pp. 305. Macmillan's “ Miniature Series." 25 cts.
1
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
(The following list, containing 34 titles, includes books re-
ceived by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.
The Religions of India. By Edward Washburn Hopkins,
Ph.D. 8vo, pp. 612. Ginn & Co. $2.20.
The Gospel of Buddha According to Old Records. Told
by Paul Carus. Third revised edition, 12mo, gilt top,
pp. 275. Open Court Pub'g Co. $1.
BOOKS FOR SCHOOL AND COLLEGE.
The First Six Books of the Æneid. Edited, with vocabu-
lary, by J. B. Greenough and G. L. Kittredge. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 703. Ginn & Co. $1.65.
Le Voyage de M. Perrichon: Comédie en Quatre Actes.
par Labiche et Martin. Edited, with introduction and
notes, by Benj. W. Wells, Ph.D. 16mo, pp. 100, Heath's
"Modern Language Series." 25 cts.
FINANCE
The Money We Need: A Short Primer on Money and Cur-
rency. By Henry Loomis Nelson. Illus., 18mo, pp. 124.
Harper & Bros. 50 cts.
HISTORY.
The History of Greece from its Commencement to the
Close of the Independence of the Greek Nation. By
Adolf Holm. In 4 vols. Vol. II., The Fifth Century,
B. C.; 12mo, gilt top, pp. 535. Macmillan & Co. $2.50.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Dictionary of National Biography. Edited by Sidney Lee.
Vol. XLIII., Owens-Passelewe. Large 8vo, pp. 451, gilt
top. Macmillan & Co. $3.75.
Spenser's Faerie Queene, Book III., Cantos I.-IV. Ed-
ited by Thomas J. Wise, illus. by Walter Crane. 4to,
pp. 525 to 630, uncut. Macmillan & Co. Paper, $3.
Robert Louis Stevenson: A Study by A. B. With a Pre-
lude and a Postlade by L. I. G. 8vo, pp. 46, uncut.
Copeland & Day. Boards, $2.50.
The Child in the House: An Imaginary Portrait. By
Walter Pater. 24mo, pp. 48, uncut. Copeland & Day.
Paper, $1.50.
The Choice of Books. By Charles F. Richardson. 12mo,
pp. 208. Lovell, Coryell & Co. 75 cts.
Legends of Fire Island Beach and the South Side. By
Edward Richard Shaw. Illus., 12mo, pp. 212. Lovell,
Coryell & Co. 75 cts.
Lively Plays for Live People. By Thomas Stewart Den-
ison, author of “ An Iron Crown." 12mo. Chicago : The
Author.
Irving's Tales of a Traveller. With Introduction by Bran-
der Matthews, A.M.; with Notes, etc., by George Rice
Carpenter, A.B. With portrait, 12mo, pp. 408. Long-
mans' “ English Classics.” $1.
POETRY.
Robert Louis Stevenson: An Elegy. And Other Poems,
NATURAL HISTORY.
The Royal Natural History. Edited by Richard Lydek-
ker, B.A. Part 4 ; illus., 8vo. F. Warne & Co. 50 cts.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
Boris the Bear-Hunter: A Tale of Peter the Great and His
Times. By Fred. Whishaw. Illus., 12mo, pp. 376. T.
Nelson & Sons. $1.25.
My Strange Rescue, and Other Stories of Sport and Adven-
ture in Canada. By J. Macdonald Oxley, author of " Dis-
mond Rock.” Illus., 12mo, pp. 368. T. Nelson & Sons.
$1.25.
In Old New England: The Romance of a Colonial Fireside.
By Hezekiah Butterworth, author of " Zigzag Journeys."
16mo, pp. 281. D. Appleton & Co. $1.
A Ringby Lass, and Other Stories. By Mary Beaumont.
Illus., 18mo, pp. 221. Macmillan & Co. 75 cts.
chiefly Personal. By Richard Le Gallienne. 8vo, pp. 36,
uncut. Copeland & Day. Boards, $1.25.
THE DIAL PRESS, CHICAGO.


-
-
"
SEP 17 Roedd
Poe, Eiene
THE DIAL
A SEMI - MONTHLY JOURNAL OF
Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
EDITED BY | Volume XIX.
FRANCIS F. BROWNE. I No. 222.
CHICAGO, SEPT. 16, 1895.
10 cts. a copy. | 315 WABASH AVE.
Opposite Auditorium.
82. a year.
THE THOUGHTFUL CITIZEN
Looks back of the present condition of national life in the United States, knowing that a right knowledge of the
complex forces that have contributed to the growth of the nation is essential to any but a half-blind exercise of
citizenship.
WILSON'S WORKS,
BEING
Lectures Upon Jurisprudence and the Political Science,
By JAMES WILSON, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, delivered in the Pennsylvania
University Law College, in 1790_91, with Introduction and Notes, by JAMES DE WITT ANDREWS, Professor
of Law in Northwestern University College of Law, Chicago, constitute just such an introduction to the study
of our institutions as enables one to see the transition of old principles from other systems to our jurisprudence.
This is the first book after the adoption of the Constitution explaining the underlying principles of that
instrument.
James Wilson is recognized as the most learned of the lawyers who were members of the Convention of 1787.
This work will be especially desirable as an introduction to the study of jurisprudence in universities and col-
leges. The notes, while not voluminous, give the key to the present application and development of the principles
elucidated in the text.
Two Volumes. Will be ready in October.
VON HOLST'S
CONSTITUTIONAL AND POLITICAL HISTORY
OF THE UNITED STATES.
Indispensable to the Student and the Citizen.
“In the front rank of American histories."- Henry Cabot Lodge.
“Masterly analysis of events."— The Nation.
“Has the analytical capacity and the candor and the courage which
are requisite."- New York Times.
Vol. I. 1750-1833. Origin of the Union State Sovereignty and
Slavery.
II. 1828-1846. Jackson's Administration.-Annexation of Texas.
III. 1846-1850. Annexation of Texas. - Compromise of 1850.
IV. 1850-1854. Compromise of 1850.- Kansas-Nebraska Bill.
V. 1854-1856. Kansas-Nebraska Bill. - Buchanan's Election.
VI. 1856-1859. Buchanan's Election.- End of the 35th Congress.
“ VIL. 1859-1861. Harper's Ferry.- Lincoln's Inauguration.
* VIII. Index and Bibliography.-(379 pages).
The set, eight volumes, large octavo, 3950 pages. Prices, cloth, $25;
sheep, $30; hall calf, 838.
Separately, Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7, 83,50, $4, $5. Volumes 6
and 8, 82.50, 83, 84.
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, TESTED BY
MIRABEAU'S CAREER.
Twelve Lectures on the History of the French Revolution,
Delivered at the Lowell Institute, Boston, Mass.
“Dr. von Holst's lectures on the French Revolution, at the Lowell
Institute, constitute one of the several important events in the way of
bringing some of the foremost scholars of the age in the various depart-
ments of science and letters into contact with the Boston public that
for a long period has distinguished the work of that unique and inval.
uable institution."-- Boston Herald.
Printed at the Riverside Press, on English paper, uncut
edges.
Two volumes, 12mo, cloth, $3.50 net.
66
46
THE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF THE
UNITED STATES.
By Dr. HERMANN E. von Holst, author of " The Constitu-
tional and Political History of the United States."
Part I.--Genesis of the Constitution. Part II.-The Federal Consti-
tution. Part III. — Constitutional and General Law of the Separate
States. Appendix. - The Constitution, with references to the body of
the work. Bibliographies and historical notes increase the value of the
work.
One volume, large Svo, cloth, $2.00 net.
The Road Rights and Liabilities of Wheelmen.
By GEORGE B. CLEMENTSON. Should be owned by every
wheelman. One volume. Paper, 50 cts.; cloth, 75 cts.
CALLAGHAN & COMPANY,
No. 114 Monroe Street, Chicago, Ill.


126
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
Charles Scribner's Sons' New Books
PROF. HENRY M. BAIRD.
THEODOR MOMMSEN.
DONALD G. MITCHELL.
IMBERT DE SAINT-
AMAND.
HISTORY OF THE HUGUENOTS IN FRANCE.
Now Ready: The Huguenots and the Revocation of the Edict of
Nantes. With maps. 2 vols. 8vo, $7.50.
These two volumes of Professor Baird's conclude the great historical series begun in his “Rise
of the Huguenots in France."
“Professor Baird has established for himself a high and secure position among American his-
torians. ...
His style is very clear and correct, his preparation is conscientious and thorough ; he
possesses great skill in the selection and arrangement of his material, and he has given us a thor-
oughly interesting and valuable work."- Nation.
The Rise of the Huguenots in France. With maps. 2 vols. 8vo, S5.
The Huguenots and Henry of Navarre. With maps. 2 vols. 8vo, $5.
The set, 6 volumes, in a box, $15,00.
THE HISTORY OF ROME.
Translated, with the sanction of the author, by William Dickson, D.D.,
LL.D. New edition from new plates. Revised throughout and embody-
ing recent additions. With maps. 5 vols. Crown 8vo, in a box, cloth,
$10.00; half calf, $20.00.
“A work of the very highest merit; its learning is exact and profound; its narrative full of
genius and skill; its descriptions of men are admirably vivid."- London Times.
ENGLISH LANDS, LETTERS, AND KINGS.
Queen Anne and the Georges. 12mo, $1.50.
In this new volume of Mr. Mitchell's popular series the author treats in his characteristically
charming and familiar manner of the prominent figures of English literature during the reigns of
Anne and the Georges. As in its predecessors, the various writers and their work are closely con-
nected with the outline history of the times, and a life-like description of the society in which they
lived ; and narrative, anecdote, and criticism combine to give a vivid and lasting picture.
Previous Volumes : From Celt to Tudor. From Elizabeth to Anne.
Each, 12mo, $1.50.
THE REVOLUTION OF 1848. With Portraits. 12mo, $1.25.
The Revolution by which Louis Philippe lost his throne and France became a second time a
republic is the subject of this new volume in M. de Saint-Amand's popular series picturing the life of
the French court. The author describes the exciting events of 1848 with his accustomed zeal, and,
as in his previous volumes, gives the reader something more than formal history, by writing from
the inside, of the momentous events and of the celebrated men who were the chief actors in them,
THE ADVENTURES OF CAPTAIN HORN. 12mo, $1.50.
“Readers will find a feast, both intellectual and emotional, within its fascinating pages. Mr.
Stockton has touched the high-water mark of romantic fiction and has shown his power to grasp the
magic of Defoe and Stevenson."- London Speaker.
WOMEN OF COLONIAL AND REVOLUTIONARY TIMES.
A series designed to portray the lives of some of the most eminent women in American Colonial
and Revolutionary Times, and to picture the domestic and social, as distinguished from the public,
life of which they were a conspicuous part. In each instance the authors were selected for their
special fitness to deal with the period. Each volume will have a frontispiece portrait or fac-simile
reproduction.
Now ready: Margaret Winthrop. By ALICE MORSE Early. With
fac-simile reproduction. 12mo, gilt top, rough edges, flat back, $1.25.
Other volumes in preparation.
COLLEGE GIRLS.
With 11 full-page illustrations by C. D. Gibson. 12mo, $1.25.
Miss Goodloe's stories depict the modern college girl “up-to-date" as her brother would say. They
are filled with touches of humor without a hint of caricature. The girls are bright girls and, more-
over, they are womanly, tender, and sympathetic when the occasion demands it. The stories are
written with literary skill and cover a wide range of characters.
SIDE TALKS WITH GIRLS. 12mo, $1.00.
The dominant note of these confidential talks with girls of all ages is a loving and appreciative
sympathy with the point of view of the average girl in her attitude towards the world. The talks
cover a wide range of subjects — social, literary, religious, demestic, -and will be found both enter.
taining and helpful to a wide circle of readers.
INTRODUCTION TO SHAKESPEARE. 16mo, 75 cents, net.
Professor Dowden's book opens with a sketch of Shakespeare's life, then comments briefly upon
his works, including the Pseudo-Shakespearean plays, and the influence of Shakespeare's works on
the national mind. A brief notice is also made of the interpretations of Shakespeare by great actors
from Burbage to Macready.
CHURCHES AND CASTLES OF MEDIÆVAL FRANCE.
With 24 full-page Illustrations. Crown 8vo, $1.50.
“A beautiful volume. It is the record of the impressions of the great monuments of France
made upon a traveller of rare and cultivated taste."'- Chicago Inter Ocean.
FRANK R. STOCKTON.
1
AN IMPORTANT NEW
SERIES.
Papay
ABBE CARTER
GOODLOE.
RUTH ASHMORE.
EDWARD DOWDEN.
WALTER CRANSTON
LARNED.
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 153 - 157 Fifth Ave., New York.


1895.]
127
THE DIAL
Scribner's List of Forthcoming Books.
In press
.
In press
In press
.
In press
.
CYCLOPEDIA OF ARCHITECTURE IN ITALY,
GREECE, AND THE LEVANT. Edited by W. P. P.
LONGYELLOW. Limited edition of 500 numbered copies for
America and England. With 12 full-page plates and over
250 text illustrations. 1 vol. 4to, decorated parch-
ment, net
$25 00
UNC' EDINBURG. A Plantation Echo. By THOMAS NEL-
SON PAGE. Illustrated by B. WEST CLINEDINST. Small
folio.
1 50
CONSTANTINOPLE. By F. MARION CRAWFORD. Illus-
trated by EDWIN LORD WEEKS. Square 12mo
1 50
THE ART OF LIVING. By ROBERT GRANT. With 135
illustrations by C. D. GIBSON, B. W. CLINEDINST, and W.
H. HYDE. 12mo
2 50
LITTLE RIVERS. A Book of Essays in Profitable Idle-
ness. By HENRY VAN DYKE, D.D. Profusely illustrated.
12mo
2 00
CRUISING AMONG THE CARIBBEES. Summer Days
in Winter Months. Ilustrated. 12mo
1 50
ANTONIO ALLEGRI DU_CORREGIO. His Life, his
Friends, and his Time. Translated from the Italian of
CORRADO Rioci by FLORENCE SIMMONDS. With 16 full-
page photogravure plates and nearly 200 text illustra-
tions." Royal 8vo
THE POOR IN GREAT CITIES. Their Problems and
What is Doing to Solve Them. By Walter Besant, Oscar
Craig, William T. Elsing, Joseph Kirkland, Jessie White
Mario, Jacob A. Riis, Edmund R. Spearman, William
Jewett Tucker, Robert A. Woods. With an Appendix
on Tenement House Building by ERNEST FLAGG. With
over 100 illustrations. 8vo.
3 00
DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. The Dog, Beasts of Bur.
den, the Horse,
Birds, etc. By N. 8. SHALER. With
illustrations by Ch. Hermann Léon, Edwin Lord Weeks,
C. Delort, and Ernest E. Thompson. Svo
2 50
ECHOES FROM THE SABINE FARM. By EUGENE and
ROSWELL MARTIN FIELD. Beautifully illustrated by ED-
MUND H. GARRETT. Square 12mo
2 00
AMERICAN LANDS AND LETTERS. By DONALD G.
MITCHELL. Illustrated
THE RECORDS AND LETTERS OF THE APOSTOLIC
AGE. By ERNEST DE WITT BURTON. 12mo
INTERNATIONAL CRITICAL COMMENTARY on the
Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments. Issued
under the editorship of Prof. C. A. Briggs, D.D., in Amer-
ica, and Prof. S. R. DRIVER and Rev. ALFRED PLUMMER,
D.D., in Great Britain. 8vo. Each vol. .
3 00
Judges. By Rev. GEORGE MOORE, D.D.
press
Mark. By Rev. E. P. GOULD, D.D.
Romans. By Rev. WILLIAM SANDAY, D.D., and A. C.
HEADLAM, M.A.
INTERNATIONAL THEOLOGICAL LIBRARY. Ed-
ited by Prof. CHARLES A. BRIGGS, D.D., of Union Theo-
logical Seminary, New York, and Prof. S. D. F. SALMOND,
D.D., of Aberdeen, Scotland.
Christian Institutions. By Prof. A. V. G. ALLEN,
D.D., Episcopal Divinity School, Cambridge, Mass. In press
History of Christian Doctrine. By Prof. G. P.
FISHER, D.D., LL.D., Yale University
THE MOGUL EMPERORS OF HINDOSTAN. 1398–
1707. By EDWARD S. HOLDEN, LL.D. Iustrated. Crown
8vo
$ 2 00
AMERICAN WINDOW AND PARLOR GARDENING.
By N. JONSSON-Rose. With numerous illustrations. 12mo In press
REFLECTIONS AND COMMENTS. 1865-1896. By E. L.
GODKIN. Svo
THE PRIVATE LIFE OF NAPOLEON. Memoirs of Con-
STANT, First Valet de Chambre of the Emperor. Trans-
lated from the French. With an Introduction by IMBERT
DE SAINT AMAND. 4 vols. 12mo
5 00
A BACHELOR'S CHRISTMAS AND OTHER STO-
RIES. By ROBERT GRANT. With 21 full-page illustra-
tions by C. D. Gibson, I. R. Wiles, A. B. Wenzell, and C.
Carleton. 12mo
1 50
CAMEO EDITION. Each, 1 vol. 16mo.
1 25
A Chosen Few. Short Stories. By FRANK R. STOCKTON.
A Little Book of Profitable Tales. By EUGENE FIELD.
Reflections of a Married Man. By ROBERT GRANT.
Opinions of a Philosopher. By ROBERT GRANT.
THE AMAZING MARRIAGE. By GEORGE MEREDITH.
2 vols. 12mo.
MISS JERRY. By ALEXANDER BLACK. With illustrations
from photographs. 16mo
1 25
TALES OF AN ENGINEER. With Rhymes of the Rail.
By CY WARMAN. 12mo
THE LAWS AND PRINCIPLES OF WHIST. A new
copyrighted edition of Cavendish on Whist prepared by
the Author to conform to American Play, with the re-
visions of the latest, twenty-second, English edition.
Printed in colors. 16mo, nei
1 50
A HAND-BOOK TO THE LABOR LAW OF THE
UNITED STATES. By G. J. STIMsoN. 12mo
THE PREACHER AND HIS PLACE. By Rev. DAVID
H. GREER, D.D. 12mo
THE HIGHER CRITICISM OF THE PENTATEUCH.
By W. HENRY GREEN, D.D., LL.D. 8vo
1 50
THE UNITY OF THE BOOK OF GENESIS. By W.
HENRY GREEN, D.D., LL.D. Svo
2 50
DISSERTATIONS ON SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH
The INCARNATION. By Rev. CHARLES GORE, Canon
of Westminster.
LATIN LITERATURE. By J. W. MACKAIL, Baliol Col-
lege, Oxford. University Series. 12mo
HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY. By ALFRED WEBER. Trans-
lated from the fifteenth French edition with an exhaust-
ive bibliography by FRANK THILLY, Ph.D.
In press
THE SHERMAN LETTERS. Correspondence between
General and Senator Sherman from 1837 to 1891. Edited
by RACHEL SHERMAN THORNDIKE. With portraits. New
and cheaper edition. Svo
2 00
THE HOUSE BEAUTIFUL. Essays on Beds and Tables,
Stools and Candlesticks. By CLARENCE Cook. With over
100 illustrations from original drawings. New and
cheaper edition. Small 4to.
2 50
THE COTTAGE KITCHEN. A Collection of Practical
and Inexpensive Receipts. By MARION HARLAND. A new
edition with Supplementary Receipts by CHRISTINE TER-
HUNE HERRICK. 12mo
1 00
In press
In press
In press
In press
8vo.
In press
In press
In
In press
In press
In press
New and Forthcoming Books for the Young.
$1 50
1 50
TWO LITTLE PILGRIMS' PROGRESS. A Story of
the City Beautiful. By Mrs. FRANCES HODGSON BURNETT.
Mustrated by R. B. BIRCH. Square Svo
THE KANTER GIRLS. By MARY L. B. BRANCH. Ilus-
trated by HELEN M. ARMSTRONG. Square 12mo
THROUGH RUSSIAN SNOWS. A Story of Napoleon's
Retreat from Moscow. By G. A. HENTY. Illustrated.
12mo.
A KNIGHT OF THE WHITE CROSS. A Tale of the
Siege of Rhodes. By G. A. HENTY. Ilustrated. 12mo
THE TIGER OF MYSORE. A Story of the War with
Tipoo Said. By G. A. HENTY. Ilustrated. 12mo
THE GARDEN BEHIND THE MOON. A Real Story of
the Moon Angel. Written and illustrated by HOWARD
PYLE. Square 12mo
$200
AT WAR WITH PONTIAC. A Tale of Redcoat and Red-
skin. By KIRK MUNROE Ilustrated. 12mo
1 50
FOR LIFE AND LIBERTY. A Story of Battle by Land
and Sea. By GORDON STABLES. Illustrated. 12mo. 1 50
CHILDREN'S STORIES OF AMERICAN LITERA-
TURE. 1660-1860. By HENRIETTA CHRISTIAN WRIGHT.
12mo
1 25
JOSEPH THE DREAMER. By the Author of " Jesus
the Carpenter." 12mo
In
press
1 50
1 50
1 50
.
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 153 - 157 Fifth Ave., New York.


128
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, New York and London.
ance."
vure.
A Literary History of the
The Fly-Leaves Series.
English People.
Printed in dainty style on deckel-edge paper, full rough ooze
calf, circuit edges, 16mo, $1.75.
By J. J. JUSSERAND, author of “The English Novel in the 1. VERSES AND FLY-LEAVES. By Charles Stuart Calverley,
Time of Shakespeare,'' etc. Large 8vo, gilt top, each, $3,50. 2. NOVELS BY EMINENT HANDS. By Wm. M. Thackeray.
Part II., “From the Renaissance to Pope.” (Nearly Ready.) (Now Ready.) 3. THE ECHO CLUB. By Bayard Taylor.
Already issued : Part I., “From the Origins to the Renais-
With a Prologue by Richard Henry Stoddard. (Now Ready.)
The work is to comprise three parts, each complete in itself, Life and Times of Napoleon.
and sold separately.
A Metrical History of the Life and Times of Napoleon
Wanderings :
Bonaparte, contained in a Collection of Songs and Poems.
Compiled and arra with Introductory Notes, by
Literary and Historical. By J. J. JUSSERAND. Uniform in WILLIAM J. HILLIS. With 25 Illustrations in photogra-
style with “ English Wayfaring Life." Crown 8vo.
8vo.
Contents : XIIth Century: English Recluses-XVth Cen-
tury: A Journey to Scotland—XVIIth Century: Life and
Old Diary Leaves.
Work of Paul Scarron --Sorbièves's Journey to England The True Story of the Theosophical Society. By HENRY
-XVIIIth Century: Voltaire in England.
STEELE OLCOTT, Founder and President of the Society.
Illustrated. 8vo.
Echoes of the Playhouse.
The Riviera,
Reminiscences of Some of the Past Glories of the English
Stage. By EDWARD ROBINS, Jr. With 16 full-page illus- Ancient and Modern. By CHARLES LENTHÉRIC, Chief of
trations. 12mo, $2.00.
the French Government Department of Civil Engineering.
Translated by C. WEST, M.D., F.R.C.S.L., Foreign Asso-
The Elia Series.
ciate of the National Academy of Medicine of Paris. Large
crown 8vo.
A Selection of Famous Books, offered as specimens of the
best literature and of artistic typography and bookmaking.
Great Men's Sons.
Printed on deckel-edge paper, bound in full ooze calf with
Stories of the Sons of Great Men from Socrates to Napoleon.
gilt top, 16mo (642 x 472 inches), each volume (in box),
A book for boys. By ELBRIDGE S. BROOKS, author of
$2.25.
“Historic Boys," Historic Girls,” etc.
There are three different colors of binding-dark green,
Fully Illus-
trated. 8vo, $1.50.
garnet and umber.
Contents: The Son of Socrates—The Son of Alexander
Group 1.-THE ESSAYS OF ELIA. By Charles Lamb.
The Son of Cicero-The Son of Marcus Aurelius—The Son
Two volumes.-A SELECTION FROM THE DISCOURSES OF
of Mahomet-The Son of Charlemagne-The Son of Alfred
EPICTETUS, with the Encheiridion. Translated by George
-The Son of William the Conqueror-- The Son of Saladin-
Long.--SESAME AND LILIES. By John Ruskin.—THE AUTO-
The Son of Dante-The Son of Tamerlane--The Son of
BIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. Edited, with Notes,
Columbus-The Son of Luther- The Son of Shakespeare-
by John Bigelow.-THOUGHTS OF THE EMPEROR MARCUS
The Son of Cromwell.
AURELIUS ANTONINUS. Translated, with Notes, by George
Long.
The Hudson Library.
American War Ballads.
Published bi-monthly. Registered as second-class matter.
Edited by GEORGE CARY EGGLESTON. Comprising a selec- 16mo, paper, 50 cents. The volumes are also published in
tion of the most noteworthy ballad poetry produced during cloth.
the Colonial Period, the Indian Wars, the Revolution, the
No. 6. Her Majesty.
War of 1812-14, the Mexican War, and the Civil War.
By ELIZABETH K. TOMPKINS. 12mo, cloth, $1.00; paper,
The latter division includes the productions of poets on 50 cents.
both sides of Mason and Dixon's line. Fully illustrated
from original designs. New edition, two volumes in one,
" Droch," writing in Life, says of it: “ It is written with a
12mo, $1.50.
charming style, with grace and ease, and very pretty unex;
pected turns of expression. Moreover, there is a gentle and
The World's Classics.
pervasive sense of humor that makes it real, human, and
sympathetic.
It has the good fortune to be written
A re-issue, in less expensive form, of the 36 more important
with intelligent skill; it sparkles with delicions fancy, and
volumes previously published under the title of “Knicker- it is a clean-minded love story that is neither prudish nor
bocker Nuggets." 16mo, buckram, price per vol., 50 cts. stupidly Philistine."
(Send for prospectus of the series.)
God Forsaken.
Israel Among the Nations.
A Novel. By FREDERIC BRETON, author of "A Heroine
in Homespun," etc. 12mo, paper, 50 cents ; cloth, $1.25.
A Study of the Jews and Antisemitism. By ANATOLE
"A very clever book.
The book has many charms.
LEROY-BEAULIEU, author of "The Empire of the Tsars."
The characters are well and firmly drawn and true
Translated by Frances Hellman. Authorized edition for
to life; the descriptions are very good and charming in the
the United States and Europe. 8vo, cloth.
extreme. Mr. Breton has produced a work which will be
enjoyed by a very wide and diverse circle of readers."-Liv-
Charles XII.,
erpool Mercury.
And the Collapse of the Swedish Empire, 1682-1719. By R.
No. 8. Elizabeth's Pretenders.
NISBET Bain, author of "The Life of Gustavus III."
No. 15 in the "Heroes of the Nations" Series. Large
A Novel. By HAMILTON AIDÉ, author of “Rita," “Poet
12mo, illustrated, each, cloth, $1.50; half leather, $1.75.
and Peer," "A Voyage of Discovery," etc. 12mo, paper,
50 cents; cloth, $1.25.
Lorenzo de' Medicis.
“Here is a story to be confidently recommended to the
novel-reader with a grain of sense. There is good stuff in
By EDWARD ARMSTRONG, M.A., Fellow of Queen's College, it, much observation of present-day character and lively
Oxford. No. 16 in the “Heroes of the Nations" Series. incidents.
It is a novel of character, of uncommon
Large 12mo, illustrated, each, cloth, $1.50; half leather, power and interest, wholesome, humorous, and sensible in
$1.75.
every chapter.”—The Bookman.
Notes on New Books, a quarterly bulletin, and prospectuses of the Heroes and Stories of the Nations Series sent on application.
No. 7.
.


1895.]
129
THE DIAL
JOHN SHERMAN'S
Recollections of Forty Years
IN THE HOUSE, SENATE, AND CABINET.
AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
Being the Personal Reminiscences of the Author, Including the Financial History of the United States
During his Public Career as Member of Congress, United States Senator, Secretary of the Treasury,
President of the United States Senate, etc., etc., etc.
The work is issued in two Royal Octavo volumes of about 600 pages each, printed from new electrotype
plates on superfine book paper, richly illustrated with carefully selected views, including places and scenes relating
to the author's boyhood, also, many portraits of his contemporaries in the Cabinet and Senate. In addition, there
are a large number of reproductions, in fac-simile, of letters from PRESIDENTS, SENATORS, REPRESENTATIVES,
GOVERNORS, CONSULS, and WELL-KNOWN PRIVATE CITIZENS.
SOLD BY SUBSCRIPTION EXCLUSIVELY.
Correspondence invited concerning territory, terms, etc. Address
THE WERNER COMPANY,
PUBLISHERS,
Nos. 160 to 174 Adams Street, Chicago, Ill.
THE WERNER EDUCATIONAL SERIES.
Some New Text Books of Incomparable Superiority.
THE AMERICAN GOVERNMENT — 488 pages,
price $1.50.
By B. A. HINSDALE, Ph.D., LL.D., University of Michigan.
This Standard Work has been re-written, re-arranged, and
brought down to date.
GRAMMAR SCHOOL ALGEBRA - 128 pages,
price 50 cents.
By WILLIAM M. GIFFIN, Vice Principal Cook County Nor-
mal School.
This work is the first Grammar School Algebra proper ever
published. It contains 75 suggestive lessons for beginners,
and more than one thousand tests for original thinking. For
Seventh and Eighth grades.
ARITHMETICAL PROBLEMS-144 pages, price
50 cents.
(For supplementary work in the Grammar Grades, with an-
swers.) By McHENRY and DAVIDSON, Decatur (Illinois)
Public Schools.
It contains suitable problems, correctly graded and attract-
ively presented.
THE WERNER BOOK-KEEPING - Six Column
Journal Method.
(With Journal and Ledger Blanks - for Grammar Grades.)
By EDGAR G. LANTMAN, Principal, Binghamton, N. Y.
This work is the result of several years' experience by a
practical book-keeper and Teacher. The system employed
has been thoroughly tested in regular school work.
THE WERNER MENTAL ARITHMETIC - 158
THE WERNER PRIMER — (For Beginners in
Reading ) – 112 pages, price 30 cents.
By F. LILIAN TAYLOR, Prin. Training School, Galesburg, III.
This small volume is based upon now and original lines of
thought and method, and will enlist immediate interest from
all educators who are looking for help and guidance in teach-
ing beginners to read.
ELLSWORTH'S REVERSIBLE WRITING BOOKS
VERTICAL EDITION_$1. per doz.
ELLSWORTH'S REVERSIBLE WRITING BOOKS
SLANTING EDITION—$1. per doz.
The copies are uniform in corresponding Nos. of each edition.
GREENE'S SCHOOL MUSIC COURSE, BOOK I.
-96 pages, Introduction price 30 cents.
GREENE'S SCHOOL MUSIC COURSE, BOOK II.
-112 pages, Introduction price 35 cents.
These new and interesting volumes contain much fresh ma-
terial properly arranged for work in the lower grades. (Book
III. in preparation.)
STATE GOVERNMENT SERIES.
Under the editorship of B. A. HINSDALE, University of Mich.
HISTORY AND CIVIL GOVERNMENT OF MIS-
SOURI-175 pages, price $1.
By J. U. BARNARD, Professor of Pedagogy, Univ. of Miss.
This book treats the subject in a clear, comprehensive, and
scholarly manner. A similar work is in preparation for each
State by competent local authorities.
pages, price 30 cents.
Adapted to any series of Written Arithmetics.
THE WERNER COMPANY, PUBLISHERS.
PHILADELPHIA, 812 Chestnut Street.
. } CHICAGO, 160-174 Adams Street.
I NEW YORK, 5-7 Bast Sixteenth Street.
( BOSTON, 110-116 Boylston Street.


130
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY'S
IMPORTANT AUTUMN ANNOUNCEMENTS.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Literary Shrines.
Lippincott's Gazetteer of the World.
The Haunts of Some Famous American Authors. By Theo- Revised Edition of 1895. With Tables of Latest Census Re-
DORE F. WOLFE, M.D., Ph.D. Illustrated with four turns. One volume. 8vo. Sheep, $12.00; half Turkey,
photogravures. 12mo. Crushed buckram extra, gilt top, $15.00; half Russia, $15.00. Two volumes. Sheep, $15.00;
deckle edges, $1.25 ; half calf or half morocco, $3.00.
half Russia or half Turkey, $18.00. With Patent Index,
75 cents additional.
A Literary Pilgrimage.
It is scarcely necessary to say that in the present edition all the char-
Among the Haunts of Famous British Authors. By Theo-
acteristic excellences of former issues have been retained, but in addi-
DORE F. WOLFE, M.D., Ph.D. Illustrated with four
tion to these features many improvements such as are necessary to the
perfection of a work of reference on a progressive science, like the
photogravures. 12mo. Crushed buckram extra, gilt top,
science of geography, will be found embraced therein. It is confidently
deckle edges, $1.25; half calf or half morocco, $3.00. believed that the recent revisions of the work and the many improve-
Two volumes, in a box, $2.50; half calf or half morocco, $6. ments now first embraced in the volume will render this issue of 1893 a
Most charming and valuable books are these graphic accounts of
worthy successor to preceding editions.
the homes and haunts of the most celebrated American and British
men of letters. They are the outcome of months spent among these
From Manassas to Appomattox.
scenes, and, showing as they do, the influence which their surround-
ings have had upon the various authors, are indispensable to the reader.
Being the Memoirs of James Longstreet, Lt.-Gen., C.S. A.
One volume. 8vo. By Subscription only.
The Land of the Muskeg.
General Longstreet was the most prominent military leader in the
Confederate ranks, next to General Lee, with whom his relations were
By H. SOMERS SOMERSET. With over one hundred illustra- most confidential. His story of the war is consequently of great value,
tions and maps. Crown 8vo. Cloth, $4.00.
and necessarily contains much new material.
This record of Mr. Somerset's expedition into the heart of the Hud-
son Bay Company's territory, through Alberta, Athabasca, and British
Turning on the Light.
Columbia, will be of interest to all lovers of sport and adventure.
The work is profusely illustrated with over one hundred engravings.
A Dispassionate Survey of President Buchanan's Adminis-
tration, from 1860 to its close. Including a Biographical
Advance, Japan!
Sketch of the Author, Eight Letters from Mr. Buchanan
never before Published, and Numerous Miscellaneous Ar-
A Nation Thoroughly in Earnest. By J. MORRIS, author of
ticles. By HORATIO KING, ex-Postmaster-General of the
“ War in Korea.” With eighty-three illustrations, and
United States. Crown 8vo. Cloth, $2.00.
cover, by R. Isayama, military artist of the Buzen Clan,
Southern Japan. Crown 8vo. Cloth. Illustrated, $4,50.
Napoleon's Last Voyages.
The object of the writer has been to illustrate, both in words and
in picture, the habits and customs of this interesting people. The
Being the Diaries of Admiral Sir Thomas Ussher, R. N.,
commerce, the railways and telegraphs, development of mining and K.C.B. (on board the “Undaunted"), and John R. Glover,
ship-building, politics and religion, work and play, town and country, Secretary to Rear-Admiral Cockburn (on board the
are alike brought before the reader in words and illustrations.
“Northumberland”). With explanatory notes and illus-
trations. Crown 8vo. Cloth, $3.00.
The Complete Works of Charles Lamb.
Edited, with notes, by PERCY FITZGERALD. A new edition,
Bismarck's Table Talk.
in six volumes. Cloth, extra, with eighteen portraits of Edited, with Notes and an Introduction, by CHARLES LOWE,
Lamb and his friends. 16mo. Cloth, $6.00 ; half calf or
M.A., author of Prince Bismarck : an Historical Bio-
half morocco, $13,50. Published in connection with Gib-
graphy," etc. With portrait. 12mo. Cloth, $2.00.
bings & Co., Limited.
The author's previous volume bears witness to his thorough knowl-
This new edition is very carefully edited, with copious notes by Mr. edge of the life and character of the greatest modern diplomat. In this
Fitzgerald, a prominent English critic. The books are very tastefully work, however, the author deals with the more intimate side of Bis-
printed on rough-edged paper, with specially designed title-pages. marck's character; and his eccentricities, amusing chapters in his life,
and witty sayings are fully dealt with.
The Complete Works of Edgar Allan Poe.
In eight volumes. 12mo. Cloth. Illustrated with twenty-
The Evergreen.
four photogravures. To be published two volumes per A Northern Seasonal. Part I., Spring, 1895. 4to. Full
month, commencing September, 1895. Subscriptions re- leather, stamped, $2.00. Part II., Autumn, 1895. 4to. Full
ceived for complete sets only.
leather, stamped, $2.00.
This edition will be published in connection with a well-known Lon-
As the “Yellow Book” has been the exponent of the Decadent
don firm, and will be an example of the best English book-making.
School in literature and art, so does this beautiful quarterly represent
the new Scottish School, which now has the latest attention of the
Hill Caves of Yucatan.
public both here and abroad. The literature is most attractive, and
the revival of Celtic ornament and design is one of the features of
By HENRY C. MERCER. Illustrated. 8vo. Cloth, $1.50. the book. “The Evergreen" will be printed on rough paper, by
This is a clever and interesting account of the Corwith Expedition of
Messrs. Constable, of Edinburgh, with colored cover, fashioned in
the University of Pennsylvania in Yucatan, for the exploration of leather, by C. H. Mackie. The Book of Summer will appear in May,
human culture layers in the mountain caverns, and of proving the 1896, and the Book of Winter in November, 1896.
antiquity and character of the Maya civilization in the peninsula. The
work is profusely illustrated by photographs of caves and drawings of
The American in Paris.
cavern refuse exposed in the explorations.
By DR. EUGENE C. SAVIDGE, author of the “Life of Ben-
Hans Breitmann in Germany.
jamin Harris Brewster.” 12mo. Cloth, $1.00.
By CHARLES GODFREY LELAND. 12mo. Ornamental title
Dr. Savidge has made a comprehensive picture of the military and
and cover, $1.25. Published in connection with T. Fisher
diplomatic phases of the Franco-Prussian War, including the battle of
Sedan, the Siege and Commune of Paris, and has woven them into a
Unwin, of London.
romance which throws into prominence not only the figures but the
Mr. Leland has been seized with a renewal of the old inspiration ; actual authenticated utterances of Bismark, Moltke, William, Napoleon
hence this further instalment of the excellent Dog-English of Hans. III., Eugénie, Favre, Thiers, Gambetta, MacMahon, Bazaine, Louise
The old book is a classic : all the new book wants is time to become so. Michel, and the Americans Grant, Sherman, Sheridan, and Washington.
The above books are for sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent postpaid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers,
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, PHILADELPHIA.


1895.]
131
THE DIAL
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY'S
IMPORTANT AUTUMN ANNOUNCEMENTS.
own ancestors.
the young
FICTION AND JUVENILE.
A Colonial Wooing.
A Last Century Maid.
A Novel. By Dr. CHARLES CONRAD ABBOTT, author of By ANNE H. WHARTON, author of "Through Colonial Door-
“The Birds About Us," "Travels in a Tree-Top," etc. ways,
," "Colonial Days and Dames," etc. Quarto. Illus-
12mo. Cloth, $1.00.
trated. Cloth, ornamental.
Much interest has been excited in this new venture of Dr. Abbott's, The demand for Miss Wharton's previous works bear witness to her
by the fact that it chronicles the doings and adventures of some of his popularity as an author, and this work will show her to be as warmly
welcomed by the young folks as she has previously been by their elders.
A Love Episode (Une Page d'Amour).
A Wedding, and Other Stories.
By EMILE ZOLA. Translated, with a preface, by ERNEST By JULIEN GORDON, author of "A Diplomat’s Diary."
A. VIZETELLY. Profusely illustrated. Crown 8vo. Extra
* Poppæa," etc. Tall 12mo. Buckram, $1.00.
cloth, gilt top, $2.00.
A collection of the shorter works of this popular author, none of
which have previously appeared in book form. They comprise some of
Fromont Junior and Risler Senior. the strongest work she has done.
By ALPHONSE DAUDET. Translated by EDWARD VIZETELLY,
and illustrated with eighty-eight wood-engravings from
A New Alice in the Old Wonderland.
original drawings by GEORGE Rouz. Extra cloth, gilt A Fairy Tale by A. M. RICHARDS. Profusely Illustrated by
top, $2.00.
ANNA M. RICHARDS, JR. 12mo, cloth, gilt top, $1.50.
The book is full of the absurd whimsicalities made famous by Lewis:
The Novels of Tobias Smollett.
Carroll's masterpiece, and is as amusing for the old as entertaining for
Edited by GEORGE SAINTSBURY. With portrait and illus-
trations by FRANK RICHARDS. To be completed in twelve
Trooper Ross, and Signal Butte.
16mo volumes. Subscriptions received for complete sets
only. Cloth, $12.00; half calf, $27.00; half morocco, $27.00.
Two stories in one volume. By Captain CHARLES KING,
A large-paper edition, limited to one hundred and fifty
U.S. A. With illustrations by CHARLES H. STEPHENS.
copies. Twelve volumes. 8vo. Buckram, $36.00. Issued
Crown 8vo, cloth, $1.50.
in connection with Gibbings & Co., Ltd.
Two exciting stories for boys, from the pen of the well-known mil-
itary writer, Captain King.
RODERICK RANDOM. 3 vols. Now ready.
PEREGRINE PICKLE. 4 vols. Now ready.
The Young Castellan.
COUNT FATHOM. 2 vols. SiR LAUNCELOT GREAVES. 1 vol. A Tale of the English_Civil War. A Book for Boys. By
HUMPHREY CLINKER. 2 vols.
GEORGE MANVILLE FENN, author of “The New Mistress,
The principles of editing adopted in this issue of Smollett are the eto. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, cloth, $1.50.
same as those which the editor applied in his presentations of Fielding This well-known author has shown his versatility in a wonderfully
and Sterne.
interesting historical tale of adventure.
Fate at the Door.
Popular History of Animals
A New Novel of New York Society Life. By JESSIE VAN FOR Young PEOPLE. Translated from the German. With
ZILE BELDEN. 12mo. Crushed buckram, ornamental, $1.00. 14 colored plates. Cloth, $3.00.
A brilliant novel of contemporary society in New York.
Girls Together.
The Black Lamb.
By Amy E. BLANCHARD, author of "Two Girls," etc. Illus-
By AnnA ROBESON BROWN, author of "Alain of Halfdene," trated by Ida Waugh. 12mo, cloth, $1.25.
etc. 12mo. Cloth, ornamental, $1.25.
This book introduces the same characters as in "Two Girls" so pop-
ular last year.
The Story of a Marriage.
Chumley's Post.
By MRS. ALFRED BALDWIN. Volume I. of a new illustrated
A Story of the Pawnee Trail. By WILLIAM 0. STODDARD.
series of novels. Published in connection with J. M. Dent
With illustrations by CHARLES H. STEPHENS. Crown 8vo,
& Co. Six illustrations. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50.
cloth, $1.50.
The Track of a Storm.
An exciting Indian story for boys, and elder people as well. Pro-
fusely illustrated.
By OWEN HALL. 12mo. Cloth, $1.25.
Although this is the author's first attempt in writing a long novel,
Book of Nursery Songs and Rhymes.
he has succeeded in fashioning a story of adventure which compares By Rev. S. BARING-GOULD. Illustrated. Crown 8vo, $2.00.
favorably with the best work of Weyman or even Dumas.
Uniform with Baring-Gould's Fairy Tales.
The Secret of the Court.
Rev. S. Baring-Gould has collected all the nursery rhymes extant,
and has edited them with critical notes. The book is profusely illus-
A Tale of Adventure. By FRANK FRANKFORT MOORE, trated, and printed on hand-made paper.
author of "They Call It Love," "A Grey Eye or So," "I
Forbid the Banns,'
." "Daireen," etc. 12mo. Cloth. Illus-
Hugh Melville's Quest.
trated. $1.25.
A Boy's Adventures in the Days of the Armada. By F. M.
A Spoilt Girl.
HOLMES, author of “ Winning his Laurels." Illustrated by
W. BOUCHER. 12mo, cloth, $1.25.
By FLORENCE WARDEN, author of "A House in the Marsh,"
A sea tale of adventure.
etc. In Lippincott's Series of Select Novels for September.
12mo. Paper, 50 cents ; Cloth, $1.00.
The Wizard King.
Cousin Mona.
A Story of the Last Moslem Invasion of Europe.
By DAVID
KERR, author of “Cossack and Czar," etc. With 6 full-
A Story for Girls. By Rosa NOUCHETTE CAREY, author of page illustrations by W. S. STACY. 12mo, cloth, $1.25.
* Little Miss Muffet," Aunt Diana," etc. Illustrated.
An exciting book of adventure for older boys, by the well-known au-
12mo, cloth, $1.25.
thor, David Kerr.
The above books are for sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent postpaid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers,
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, PHILADELPHIA.


132
(Sept. 16, 1895.
THE DIAL
Macmillan & Co.'s New Publications.
“One of the real books of the year."— THE OUTLOOK.
Now Ready. The Twentieth Thousand. Mrs. Humphry Ward's New Novel.
THE STORY OF BESSIE COSTRELL.
By Mrs. HUMPHRY WARD. Uniform with “ Marcella.” 1 vol., 12mo, cloth, 75 cents.
“Her very best work."— Life.
" Is the best work Mrs. Ward has done."- Philadelphia Press.
“Mrs. Ward's new story is one of the daintiest little gems I have come across in my weekly literature hunts."- ALAN
Dale, in the New York World.
MACMILLAN'S ILLUSTRATED STANDARD
NOVEL SERIES. New Volumes.
Ormond. A Tale by MARIA EDGEWORTH. Illustrated
by CARL SCHLOESSER. With an Introduction by ANNE
THACKERAY RITCHIE.
Jacob Faithful. By Captain MARRYAT. Illustrated
by HENRY M. BROCK. With an Introduction by DAVID
HANNAY. Each, 12mo, cloth, $1.25.
MACMILLAN'S NOVELISTS' LIBRARY. Volume
I., No. 5.
Mr. Isaacs. A Tale of Modern India. By F. MARION
CRAWFORD, author of "Saracinesca, ,” “Don Orsino,” etc.
12mo, paper, pp. 320, 50 cents.
MACMILLAN'S EDITION OF CHARLES DICK-
ENS'S NOVELS. New Volume.
Great Expectations and Hard Times. By CHARLES
DICKENS. With Illustrations by MARCUS STONE, F. A.
FRASER, and F. WALKER. A reprint of the edition cor-
rected by the author in 1869, with an Introduction, Bio-
graphical and Bibliographical, by CHARLES DICKENS the
Younger. 12mo, cloth, pp. xxi.-661, $1.00.
MACMILLAN'S MINIATURE SERIES. Volume
I., No. 5.
The Pleasures of Life. By Sir John LUBBOCK.
18mo, paper, pp. 370, 25 cents.
ANSTEY. Lyre and Lancet. A Story in Scenes. By
F. ANSTEY, author of " Vice Versa," "The Giant's Robe,"
"Voces Populi," etc. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth, pp. 256,
$1.25.
TURGENEV'S NOVELS. Volume IX.
Fathers and Children. A Novel. By IVAN TUR-
GENEV. Translated from the Russian by CONSTANCE GAR-
NETT. 16mo, cloth, pp. xxi.-359, $1.25.
LASSAR-COHN. A Laboratory Manual of Or-
ganic Chemistry. A Compendium of Laboratory Meth-
ods for the Use of Chemists, Physicians, and Pharmacists.
By Dr. LASSAR-Cohn, Professor of Chemistry in the Uni-
versity of Königsburg. Translated, with the Author's
Sanction, from the Second German Edition by ALEXANDER
SMITH, B.Sc., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of General Chem-
istry in the University of Chicago. 12mo, cloth, pp. xix.-
403, $2.25 net.
LONEY. The Elements of Co-ordinate Geometry.
By S. L. LONEY, M.A., late Fellow of Sidney Sussex Col-
lege, Cambridge, Professor at the Royal Holloway College.
12mo, cloth, pp. x. 419, $1.25 net.
CHASE. The Syro - Latin Text of the Gospels.
By FREDERIC HENRY CHASE, D.D., Lecturer in Theology
at Christ Church College, Principal of the Clergy Training
School, Cambridge, and Examining Chaplain to the Lord
Archbishop of York. 8vo, cloth, pp. x.-148, $2.50 net.
CONWAY. The Alps from End to End. By Sir
WILLIAM MARTIN Conway. With 100 Illustrations by A.
D. McCORMICK. Large demy 8vo, cloth, $7.00.
THE CENTURY SCIENCE SERIES. New Volume.
The Herschels and Modern Astronomy. By
AGNES M. CLERKE, author of " A Popular History of As-
tronomy during the Nineteenth Century,'
""The System of
the Stars," etc. 12mo, cloth, pp. vi.-224, $1.25.
GRADUATE COURSES. A Handbook for Grad-
uate Students. Lists of Advanced Courses Announced
by Twenty-one Colleges or Universities of the United States
for the Year 1895–96. Compiled by an Editorial Board of
Graduate Students. C. A. DUNIWAY, Harvard, editor-in-
chief. 12mo, limp, pp. 135, 25 cents net.
WALKER. The Greater Victorian Poets. By HUGH
WALKER, M.A., Professor of English in St. David's Col-
lege, Lampeter, author of "Three Centuries of Scottish
Literature." 8vo, cloth, pp. 332, $2.50.
ENGLISH MEN OF ACTION SERIES. New Vol.
Nelson. By John Knox LAUGHTON. 12mo, cloth limp,
cut edges, pp. viii.-240, 60 cents ; 12mo, cloth limp, uncut
edges, pp. viii.-240, 75 cents.
FITZGERALD. Letters of Edward Fitzgerald to
Fanny Kemble, 1871-1883. Edited by WILLIAM
ALDIS WRIGHT. 12mo, cloth, pp. viii.-261, $1.50.
DORR. The Flower of England's Face: Sketches
of_English Travel. By JULIA C. R. DORR, author of
" Friar Anselmo,' Afternoon Songs," etc. 18mo, cloth,
pp. 259, 75 cents.
IRIS SERIES OF NOVELS, New Volume.
A Ringby Lass, and Other Stories. By MARY BEAU-
MONT. With Illustrations by I. WALTER SCOTT. 12mo,
linen, pp. 221, 75 cents.
NITTI. Catholic Socialism. By FRANCESCO S. NITTI,
Professor of Political Economy at the University of Naples,
author of "Population and the Social System,” etc. Trans-
lated from the Second Italian Edition by MARY MACKIN-
TOSH. With an Introduction by David G. RITCHIE, M.A.,
Professor of Logic and Metaphysics in the University of St.
Andrews. 8vo, cloth, xx.-432, $3.50.
RANSOME. An Advanced History of England,
from the Earliest Times to the Present Day.
By CYRIL RANSOME, M.A., Professor of Modern History
and English Literature in the Yorkshire College, Victoria
University, author of "An Elementary History of En-
gland,” etc. With Maps and Plans. 12mo, cloth, pp.
xviii.-1069, $2.25 net.
CORNISH. Wild England of To-day and the
Wild Life in It. By C. J. CORNISH, author of "Life
at the Zoo.” With Illustrations from Drawings by LAN-
CELOT SPEED and from Photographs. Svo, cloth, pp. ix.-
310, $3.50.
MARSHALL. The White King's Daughter. A
Story of the Princess Elizabeth. By EMMA MARSHALL,
author of "Under Salisbury Spire," etc. 12mo, cloth, pp.
298, $1.25.
MACMILLAN & COMPANY, 66 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK.


THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGE
.
135
.
.
.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
BOOKS OF THE COMING SEASON.
each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage
prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries If we may judge from the announcements
comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must
of new books made by the publishers for the
be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the
season just opening, the trade of the bookman
current number. REMITTANCES should be by check, or by express or
postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS und
is anticipating its full share in the revival of
for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application ; prosperity that seems to be close at hand, if it
and SAMPLE Copy on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING Rates furnished has not already begun. Following our usual
on application. All communications should be addressed to
custom, we print in this mid-September issue
THE DIAL, 315 Wabash Ave., Chicago. of THE DIAL a classified list of the announce-
ments already made by American publishers,
No. 222. SEPT