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1895.]
199
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I.
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IL
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200
(Oct. 16, 1895.
THE DIAL
Macmillan & Co.'s New Publications.
FIRST NUMBER NOW READY.
THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW.
The first number published October, 1895, and successive numbers thereafter at intervals of three months.
Managing Editor, J. FRANKLIN JAMESON, Professor of History in Brown University.
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CONTENTS OF FIRST NUMBER.
HISTORY AND DEMOCRACY, by Professor SLOANE, of Princeton University.
THE PARTY OF THE LOYALISTS IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, by Professor MOSES Coit TYLER, LL.D.
THE FIRST CASTILIAN INQUISITOR, by HENRY C. LEA, LL.D.
COUNT EDWARD DE CRILLON, by HENRY ADAMS, LL.D.
WESTERN STATE-MAKING IN THE REVOLUTIONARY ERA, by Prof. FREDERICK J. TURNER, of the University of Wisconsin.
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THE MEN OF THE MOSS-HAGS.
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THE DIAL
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THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
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THE DIAL, 315 Wabash Ave., Chicago.
No. 224.
OCTOBER 16, 1895.
Vol. XIX.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
A NEWSPAPER MYTH .
.
201
RECENT DEATHS . .
203
THE RETROGRESSION IN ENGLISH. Percy F.
Bicknell
204
.
COMMUNICATIONS
207
The Complete Works of Poe. William Nelson.
“The Decadence of a Scholar.” W.R. K.
The Location of the University of California.
W. H. V. Raymond.
FLAUBERT'S LIFE AND LETTERS. Josiah Renick
Smith ..
208
.
ZEBULON MONTGOMERY PIKE, J. J. Halsey 210
“THE BISMARCK OF BULGARIA." C. H. Cooper 212
INSPIRATION AND INTERPRETATION. John
Bascom
213
Hallam's The Breath of God.- Robinson's Christian
Evidences. — Biggle's Religious Doubt. — Stevens's
Doctrine and Life.- Hyde's Outlines of Social The-
ology.-Briggs's The Messiah of the Apostles.-Mac-
Lean's Introduction to the Study of the Gospel of St.
John.- Driver's Critical and Exegetical Comment-
ary on Deuteronomy.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS .
215
Picturesque views of Paris life.- The women of Col-
onial and Revolutionary times.- Popular legends of
Florence.- Echoes of the English playhouse.- Mem-
ories of some notable New Englanders.- Mr. Shear-
man on the Single Tax. — The game of Whist up to
date. – A hero - worshipping biography of Oliver
Cromwell.-
Lectures on political obligations.--Con-
tinuation of Professor Freeman's History of Sicily.---
Louis XIV. as a Hero. - A poet's sketches of En-
gland. - Stage studies of Shakespeare's heroines.-
Books recommended for a High School classical
library.
BRIEFER MENTION
220
A NEWSPAPER MYTH.
A few months ago it was reported that a
certain instructor in the University of Chicago
was about to sever his connection with that in.
stitution. Such incidents are a part of the
normal life of every university, and this par-
ticular incident did not seem to call for any
comment on the part of the public.
But a sec-
tion of the newspaper press, that stern guar-
dian of public morality, found in the matter
the germ of a possible sensation, and by its
familiar methods of innuendo, baseless asser-
tion, and reckless reasoning, proceeded to ex-
ploit the case. It so happened that the in-
structor in question had been at work in the
departments of economic and social science,
and had in various ways brought himself before
the public, outside of his university teaching,
as a student of trusts, monopolies, and indus-
trial combinations, and was credited with pro-
nounced opinions upon those subjects. But
-sinister reflection the founder and chief
benefactor of the University of Chicago was a
man firmly associated in public opinion with
one of the most gigantic of industrial monopo-
lies. Obviously, here were all the materials
for a first-class sensation. To the limited sort
of intelligence that presides over the average
newspaper, a theory of the facts presented
itself ready-made. Nothing could be clearer.
The founder of the University was also the
head of a well-known trust; others of its bene-
factors were wealthy men and consequently in
close sympathy with the plutocratic view of
society; here was an instructor, supported by
their endowments, and expressing opinions that
they must regard as peculiarly obnoxious ; it
was a plain case of an attempt to throttle free
thought and shape the teaching of a great pub-
lic institution in accordance with the unholy
views of those whose wealth had created it.
This theory of the situation, reckless as it
was, got considerable currency through the
efforts of the newspapers that had given it
the sanction of their prejudice. To an impar-
tial outsider, knowing nothing of the spirit and
organization of the university thus brought to
the bar of journalistic opinion, it may bave
presented itself as one of the many possible
.
TO ENGLAND (Poem). Charles Leonard Moore
220
.
LITERARY NOTES
221
.
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS
222
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
223
.


202
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
reasons why an educational institution should reasoning. Many of our leading newspapers,
seek to dispense with the services of one of its East and West, taking for granted the suppres-
instructors. To anyone at all familiar with the sion of free discussion by the authorities of the
attitude of the University of Chicago toward University of Chicago, have been moralizing
the general question of Lehrfreiheit, it was of all summer long upon the awful consequences
all possible reasons the one least likely to be of a higher education controlled by class influ-
supported by the facts. Upon that great prin- ences, and indulging in dismal vaticinations of
ciple, the position of the University has from a time when our university faculties shall have
the start been absolutely unequivocal. The become mere hirelings of an unscrupulous plu-
character of its faculty, its courses, and its tocracy. The peculiarly impudent feature of
methods has been such as to preclude the notion the whole discussion has been the frequently-
that it aimed in its teaching at anything less reiterated assertion that the University author-
than the fullest freedom of discussion and in- ities had made no reply to the charges brought
vestigation. Bigotry, partisanship, and secta- against them. This assertion, which we have
rianism have in vain sought to obtain a foot- seen in a good many reputable newspapers dur-
hold within its quadrangles. Its theological ing the past three months, must be accounted
school, indeed, teaches a particular form of for in one of two ways. If made in actual
theological dogmatism, frankly enough pro- ignorance of the explicit denial of last July, it
claimed, and it is difficult to see how a theo- must be taken as a fresh illustration of the dis-
logical school could do otherwise. Even in graceful recklessness characteristic of the edi-
Germany, Lehrfreiheit does not go so far as torial management of too many of our news-
to say that the theological faculties of the uni. papers. If, on the other hand, it has been
versities shall not be distinctly Catholic or made with knowledge of the facts, it merely
Protestant. But even the theological students illustrates that cardinal maxim of journalistic
at the University of Chicago get their Semitics, ethics in accordance with which a newspaper,
their classics, and their philosophy, for the having once made itself responsible for a state-
most part, from the regular university department of any sort, is in self-respect bound to
ments concerned with these subjects, depart- insist upon its truth, eten if it be demonstra-
ments so liberally organized that it would be bly false, unless there is too great a risk of
ridiculous to charge them with the least sec- being detected in the lie. Neither of these
tarian bias.
explanations, judged by other than journalistic
All these facts, familiar as they are to those standards, is very creditable; but no third ex-
who have studied the organization and ob- planation is under the circumstances possible.
served the workings of this newest of our great It is always a serious question to determine
universities, are not sufficiently well known to to what extent popular clamor of this sort,
the public intelligence to fortify it against such directed against a public man or a public insti-
an appeal to prejudice as has recently been tution, should be recognized by its object. Most
made. The newspaper myth which is the sub- of the anonymous scribbling upon such subjects
ject of these remarks was given such currency, in the public press is obviously undeserving of
and found so wide an acceptance among peo-
the slightest attention. Dignity and self-respect
ple who are willing to let the newspapers do nearly always prompt one to ignore such at-
their thinking for them, that the President of tacks altogether. But there are cases in which,
the University, at the July Convocation, thought when all the circumstances are considered, it
it best to recognize the myth in question to the seems that some notice ought to be taken, even
extent of making a very distinct public state- of a foolish popular opinion. At all events,
ment that the University had never sought to the President of the University of Chicago
influence the teaching of its instructors or to
deemed it advisable, when the University came
abridge in any way their intellectual freedom. to Convocation the first of the present month,
A statement of this sort should, of course, have to reiterate, with greater emphasis and ampli-
put an end to the discussion of the matter; but tude, his declaration of three months before.
newspaper myths are not so easily discredited. He said :
The growth of such a myth offers an interest- “In view of the many incorrect and misleading atter-
ing subject for psychological study. Put forth ances which have recently been published in reference
at first as a plausible hypothesis, it speedily
to the policy of the University of Chicago in its rela-
tion to its teaching staff, it seems wise to make the
assumes the shape of an incontrovertible fact, following statement:
and is taken as a new fixed basis for further
“1. From the beginning the University has believed


1895.]
203
THE DIAL
in the policy of appointing to positions in the same de- statement of the specific reasons for which the
partment men who represent different points of view. retirement was made, is the sheerest impu-
It is evident, therefore, that no instructor in the univer-
dence, and even to recognize such a demand
sity has been or will be asked to separate himself from
the university because his views upon a particular ques-
would be a derogation from dignity with which
tion differ from those of another member of the same the University is not likely to become charge-
department.
able.
“2. From the beginning of the university there has Readers of THE DIAL do not need to be re-
never been an occasion for condemning the utterance
of any professor upon any subject, nor has any objec- minded that we have always stood steadfast in
tion been taken in any case to the teachings of a pro-
defense of the freedom of University teaching.
fessor.
That fact alone, to say nothing of the further
“3. The university has been, in a conspicuous way, fact that the instructor whose case has just
the recipient of large gifts of money from wealthy men. been under discussion is a valued contributor
In absolutely no single case has any man, who has given
to our review columns, would preclude any de-
as much as one dollar to the university, sought by word
fense on our part of the university, were we
to influence the policy of the university in reference not convinced that the principle of Lehrfrei-
to the teachings of its professors in the departments heit is fully recognized by that institution, and
of political economy, history, political science or soci- that it has not, in this case or in any other,
ology.
been put in jeopardy. For the newspapers
“This public statement is made because the coun-
that have hatched and fed the mythical mon-
ter statement has been published far and wide, and be-
cause it is clear that a serious injury will be done the ster now so desperately wounded, no condem-
cause of higher education if the impression should pre- pation can be too strong. They have given a
vail that in a university, as distinguished from a college, fresh illustration of the apostolic apostrophe,
there is not the largest possible freedom of expression
a freedom entirely unhampered by either theological
“ Behold, how great a matter a little fire kin-
or monetary considerations."
dleth!” and as far as they have injured the
This is, we should think, explicit enough, and University of Chicago in the eyes of those who
should wish it well, they have no reason to be
may even be said to mark a noteworthy epoch
in the history of American higher education. proud of their work. In the case of some of
Does it dispose of the newspaper myth that we
the Eastern papers, it has been only too evi.
have been talking about? Probably not; peo- the prime motive of the attack; in the case of
dent that jealousy of a Western institution was
ple of intelligence did not believe in the myth the papers nearer home, a spirit of reckless sen-
anyhow, and most of those who did believe in
sationalism has mainly prompted the attitude
it will never see the disclaimer. As for the
assumed by them. In either case, the motive
newspapers, they may continue to assert that has been anything but creditable, and it is at
no denial of the charge has been made ; or they least pleasant to think that the attack has been
may change their tactics, and demand all the
facts in the case, be they of public concern or
so obviously prejudiced, if not malicious, that
it cannot have had any serious influence upon
not. Some of them, in fact, have already taken it cannot have had
the latter course.
public opinion, but has rather strengthened
than weakened the University with all judi-
Since the publication of the declaration above
cious minds.
mentioned, the instructor about whom all this
pother has been raised has supplied the news-
papers with a statement of his position. We
cannot but regard this as an unwise proceeding,
RECENT DEATHS.
for the statement is not wholly ingenuous, and Hjalmar Hjorth Boyesen died on the fourth of
does not contravene in any essential respect the this month, at his residence in New York. His
utterances of the President of the University death was entirely unexpected, and came from an
upon the principle of freedom in teaching. The attack of acute rheumatism of the cardiac muscles.
public is nowise concerned with the reasons
He was born September 23, 1848, in Frederiks-
for which the retirement under discussion was vaern, Southern Norway, and was educated at Leip-
made, as long as those reasons have nothing to zig and Christiania. Graduating from the latter
do with Lehrfreiheit. We are assured that university in 1868, he came to America the year
after, and settled for a while in Chicago, where he
this is the case by an emphatic and authorita-
edited the Scandinavian paper “Fremad.” He later
tive pronouncement, and there the question occupied academic posts at Urbana and Cornell
ends for all reasonable persons. To demand, Universities, and at Columbia College, with which
as some newspapers still seem inclined to do, a latter institution he has been connected since 1880.


204
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
DIAL
9
He early acquired a surprising knowledge of the considerable pleasure to another generation or two
English language, and his first publication in En- of readers.
glish had few traces of foreign idiom. The list of Victor Rydberg, who died last month, was prob-
his publications is a lengthy one, comprising twenty-ably foremost among recent Swedish men of letters,
one titles of books, besides many contributions to with the possible exception of Herr Topelius. He
periodical literature. The books, with their dates,
was born December 18, 1829, in Jonköping. He
are “Gunnar" (1874), “A Norseman's Pilgrim-
)
was educated at Wexiö and Lund, and at the former
age” (1875), “ Tales from Two Hemispheres” place enjoyed the teaching and friendship of Teg-
(1876), “Falconberg" and " Goethe and Schiller"
nér. His first important work was the historical
(1879), “Queen Titania” and “ Ilka on the Hill- novel “ The Pirate of the Baltic” (“Fribytaren paa
top” (1881), “ Idyls of Norway” (1882), “A
“
Oestersjön"), published in 1858. The following
Daughter of the Philistines" (1883), "The Story of
year produced the still more important work “The
Norway” (1886), “ The Modern Vikings" (1887), Last Athenian” (“ Den Siste Athenienser ”). This
“Vagabond Tales" (1889)," Against Heavy Odds"
work, with its liberal tendencies and its almost po-
(1890), “ The Mammon of Unrighteousness”
lemical attitude towards church authority, evoked
(1891), “Essays on German Literature," "Boyhood
Boyhood much criticism, and led to the composition of Christ
in Norway,” “The Golden Calf ” (1892), “ Social in the Bible” (“ Bibelns Lära om Kristus "), “The
Strugglers" (1893), “A Commentary on Henrik Hebrew Worship of Jehovah” (“Jehovatjensten
Ibsen, " " Literary and Social Silhouettes” (1894), hos Hebreerna ”), and “ The Magicians of the Mid-
and “Essays on Scandinavian Literature” (1895)dle Ages” (“Medeltidens Magi”). A sojourn in
Much of this work was pot-boiling, but the best of Rome in 1873 – 74 was the inspiration of several
it was well worth doing. As a writer, he was robust thoughtful works. He also wrote lyrics, and made
rather than refined, and a vein of philistinism now a highly successful translation of " Faust.” He
“
and then cropped out in his pages. A certain cyni-
was one of the eighteen members of the Swedish
cism, as far as women were concert
erned, marred some Academy, and a professor in the Superior School of
of his later books. But he was a remarkable writer, | Stockholm.
and all the more so from his use of a language not
originally his own. Readers of THE DIAL will re-
call his frequent contributions to its pages.
THE RETROGRESSION IN ENGLISH.
William Wetmore Story, who was born in Salem,
Mass., February 12, 1819, and who died in Vallom- “ The restoration of English to much of its old-
brosa, Italy, on the seventh of this month, was time valiency” is ably, instructively, and entertain-
almost, if not quite, the dean of our American lit- ingly discussed in an article on “ The Renascence
erary guild. He was antedated only by Mrs. Stowe in English,” in the October issue of “ The Forum.”
(1812), Mr. Parke Godwin (1816), and Mr. Will. But while the writer, Mr. Richard Burton, does not
iam Ellery Channing the second (1818), among ignore the debt which English owes to other lan-
those still living. The son of a distinguished law- guages for a large portion of its vocabulary, and
yer, he was himself admitted to the bar, and worked acknowledges that the return to Old English ex-
“
at the law for ten years. Several volumes of legal pression ” must always be “ within limits of com-
writings remain to attest his industry in this field. mon sense and controlled by custom and conven-
But a passionate devotion to art led him, after this ience,” yet
it
may
well seem to some of his readers
apprenticeship to an inartistic profession, to leave that he looks for too great an enrichment of our
America for Italy in 1848, and to devote his life speech through a return to native English words
thenceforth mainly to sculpture, in which field he and turns of expression which have long ago dem-
achieved the most distinct of his successes. His onstrated their inferiority to foreign importations,
literary work, which served him as a form of recrea- and perhaps even their uncouth and unmanageable
tion in his career as an artist, was varied and indi. nature, by allowing themselves to be crowded out
cative of talent and the broadly-cultured mind of the language by substitutes of greater flexibility
hardly more than that. It comprises “ Nero," a or euphony.
play; three collections of poems; “ Roba di Roma," We are told by the writer that the German lan-
a series of “walks and talks about Rome"; “Graf- guage, the historic cousin of the English, “owing.
fiti d'Italia”; “ He and She," a "poet's portfolio”; to its different history has kept its native powers
“ Fiametta," a graceful Italian idyl; “Conversa- in relative purity; while English, subjected to more
tions in a Studio "; a series of " Excursions in Art disturbing influences in the Norman Conquest and
and Letters "; and the “Life and Letters of Joseph the classic Renascence, has diverged far wider from
Story,” his father. All of this work is pleasing in its normal physiognomy and its original tenden-
form, although it shows little critical penetration, cies.” As a result of these disturbing influences,
and often displays an unsoundness of judgment that we are subjected to the necessity of saying preface
would have been impossible to a rigorously-trained instead of foreword, unless we are willing to seem
intellect. But it gives to its author an honorable odd and affected, and we have domesticated “such
place in our literature, and will probably afford a repulsive foreign importation as massacre,"instead
66


1895.]
205
THE DIAL
66
>
of enjoying the privilege of using the German com- guages, or the slower and heavier measure of the
pound, blood-bath (blutbad). We are assured that north-European tongues. It is a language most
“had our tongue encountered a happier linguistic admirably adapted, from the very nature and his-
experience," we might now be using such expres- tory of its formation, to voice our joyful moods and
sive and self-explanatory, though uncouth and to express our more serious thoughts. In it the
homely, words as the above.
sunny South and the cloudy Northland meet and
But let us look, in passing, at this “ repulsive for- unite. By all means cultivate the Old English ele-
eign importation,” massacre. To be sure, its pres- ment in our speech, and hold fast to what northern
ent form is French, and it points back to the mediæ Europe has contributed to it; but do not despise
val Latin mazacrium ; but its real origin is Teu- and allow to become obsolete all that lighter, more
tonic, and not Latin, into which latter language it flexible and more musical element which the south-
is an importation from northern Europe. It ap- ern races have given for our use. The writer of
pears in the German metzger, the provincial Ger- the article under discussion claims, and not without
man metzgern and metzgen, the Old High German reason, that native English words and formations
meizan, and the Gothic máitan. With a slightly are more “virile.” (Why, then, not use the good
altered spelling it would become an excellent En- Old English word manly!) He also maintains that
glish word of purest lineage.
they open to the poet “larger possibilities for mel.
Let us rather paraphrase the passage quoted ody and harmony." Without dwelling on the cu-
above, and say that German, owing to its less for- rious fact that he has expressed these poetic possi-
tunate history, has retained all its provincialisms, bilities in a string of Latin and Greek derivatives,
while English, wrought upon by more wide-reaching we may yet question whether any language, or ele-
influences in the Norman Conquest and the classic ment of a language, of north-European origin and
Renascence, has freed itself of the purely insular growth, will prove its superiority, in point of mel-
and local in its vocabulary and structure, and be- ody and harmony, to the south-European languages
come, in a sense true of no other tongue, a world- and the Romance element of our own English as
language. The Norman element in the English spoken to-day.
language gives it that power of precision which is To turn to the modern developments of science,
so characteristic of the French, and which explains and the increasingly prominent part which scientific
why the latter is so peculiarly fitted for the use of terms play, not only in our daily conversation and
mathematicians and scientists, while, on the other in our technical literature, but also in the imagery
hand, and as a necessary consequence, it is never of our poetry and fiction, what could we do without
less at home than in the flights of poetry or the pro- the French and Latin and Greek words which we
foundness of philosophy. From northern Europe have made our own, and which have become almost
we gain—to use the words of Professor C. C. Ever-
as familiar and necessary as mother, father, hearth,
ett, in his “Science of Thought”-“the richness and home? Why, then, deplore the combination
and fulness which spring from the vital presence of of these Romance with the older Teutonic elements
roots whose meaning is not yet exhausted but which in our language,-a union which makes it superior
are ever ready for new uses, and suggest more than to either French or German taken alone, and gives
they strictly express. Such language is fitted for
it no small degree of the power and usefulness of
poetry and philosophy and all the higher uses of both taken together? One might as reasonably ad-
the imagination.” This very opulence unfits the
vocate the uprooting of those Old English radicals
German language and the Germanic element in our which, however admirably fitted for purposes of
own language for the strictness of science. Vague poetry and philosophy, are worse than useless when
and sometimes ridiculous are the scientific terms of we turn our conversation to the telautograph, the
the Teuton : coal-stuff, sour-stuff, water-stuff, and kinetoscope, alternating currents, and electric mo-
stifle-stuff sound queerly enough to any but a Ger- tors.
man chemist, however much poetry and philosophy
The genius of a people portrays itself in the lan-
may delight in such word-formation from within.
The English language, occupying as it does, with
guage spoken by that people; and, conversely, a
language tends to mould the character of those who
respect to this power of word-formation, an inter-
speak it. As our tongue has drawn abundantly
mediate position between the French, all of whose
from all that northern and all that southern Europe
roots are as dead as so many dry sticks and as un-
has to offer, so it is spoken by a many-sided race,
able to grow together, and the German, whose roots
are still pulsating with life, possesses many of the
as able to conquer and colonize the habitable globe
as its speech is to spread over large areas of both
advantages, while it avoids many of the defects, of hemispheres. If in-breeding be injurious to ani-
each.
mals and plants, and sure to result at last in the ex-
The peculiar excellence and distinctive charac-
tinction of the in-bred species, why may it not be
teristic of our tongue is its wealth of vocabulary and
equally harmful for languages to depend, to any
the variety of its phraseology, its ability to assume
considerable extent, on growth from within? In-
at will the light graceful flow of the Romance lan-
stead of hoping for a renascence of a pure unmixed
*"The Science of Thought,” p. 71.
Old English, let us continue to engraft on the par-
"*


206
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
moon;
noon."
66
ent stock all that is best in other tongues. It is “Compared with these men in their typical manner,
thus that English has grown from the time of the the poetry of the great earlier men — Wordsworth,
Norman Conquest, when it was spoken by a few Coleridge, Keats, and Shelley — shows a startling differ-
thousand semi-barbarians, to the present time, when
ence in regard to the relative prominence of native En-
glish words and formations. They had not the advan-
it is the language, or, at least, is understood by,
tage of the popularization of younger literature which
nearly three hundred millions of people. It is its
has since transpired [sic]. And the latter-day bards,
glory and charm that it has taken of the best that
the generation subsequent to the Morris-Swinburne
other languages had to give; it has profited by their time, reveal this influence more and more, just in pro-
experience and adopted freely of their words and portion as they are virile and awake to larger possibili-
idioms, without surrendering anything of worth in ties for melody and harmony now open to English.”
its native growth.
Alas! poor Wordsworth, poor Coleridge! They
Let us examine some of the passages from mod-
had to write the “ Lyrical Ballads ” without ever
ern writers, quoted as illustrating this “ renascence
having seen one of the “ Barrack-Room Ballads.”
in English." From Mr. Kipling we read the fol-
They had not the advantage of the popularization
lowing:
of younger literature. Probably the possibility of
“ As he spoke the fog was blown into shreds, and we
such lines as the following, quoted from Mr. Kip-
saw the sea, gray with mud, rolling on every side of us
ling by the author of " The Renascence in English,"
and empty of all life. Then in one spot it bubbled and
became like the pot of ointment that the Bible speaks
had never dawned upon them :
of. From that wide-ringed trouble a Thing came up
“Oh, was I born of womankind, and did I play alone ?
a gray and red Thing with a neck a Thing that For I have dreamed of playmates twain that bit me to the
bellowed and writhed in pain.”
bone.
And did I break the barley bread and steep it in the tyre ?
Is this style of composition any more “ virile," is For I have dreamed of a youngling kid new riven from the
its imagery more pleasing or more vivid, than that byre,
An hour it lacks and an hour it lacks to the rising of the
revealed in the works of some of the great earlier
writers who knew nothing of this “renascence”? But I can see the black roof-beams as plain as it were
Opening one of the Waverley Novels at random,
we hit upon the following bit of description :
Our unfortunate Wordsworth was forced to content
“ The path soon led deeper into the woodland, and himself with turning out such lines as the following,
crossed more than one brook, the approach to which from “ Tintern Abbey":
was rendered perilous by the marshes through which it
“The sounding cataract
flowed; but the stranger seemed to know, as if by
Haunted me like a passion; the tall rock,
instinct, the soundest ground and the safest points of
The mountain, and the deep and gloomy wood,
passage, and by dint of caution and attention, brought
Their colours and their forms, were then to me
the party safely into a wilder avenue than any they had An appetite, - a feeling and a love,
yet seen; and pointing to a large low irregular building That had no need of a remoter charm
at the upper extremity, he said to the Prior, Yonder By thoughts supplied, nor any interest
is Rotherwood, the dwelling of Cedric the Saxon ?."
Unborrowed from the eye.
Can we wish any alteration of even a word in this?
Is not the English of Addison as nearly perfect as
A sense sublime
Of something far more deeply interfused,
we can conceive language to be, and the easy flow
Whose dwelling is the light of setting suns,
of Macaulay's prose as faultless as it could well be And the round ocean and the living air
made? Even pedantic old Johnson has plenty of And the blue sky, and in the mind of man,-
the “virile” in his style, despite the scarcity of old
A motion and a spirit, that impels
English words, and there is grace and harmony
All thinking things, all objects of all thought,
And rolls through all things."
and balance at the same time. Recall for a moment
his well-known comparison of Pope and Dryden, The following passage from Marsh's “Origin
and see whether it could in any way be altered for and History of the English Language” may be of
the better :
interest as touching on the causes which led to the
“ The style of Dryden is capricious aud varied; that adoption of foreign words:
of Pope is cautious and uniform. Dryden obeys the “ The birth or revival of a truly national and peculiar
motions of his own mind; Pope constrains his mind to literature is generally contemporaneous with an enlarge-
his own rules of composition. Dryden is sometimes ment of the vocabulary, by foreign importation, or by
vehement and rapid; Pope is always smooth, uniform the resuscitation of obsolete words of native growth.
and gentle. Dryden's page is a natural field, rising into It is not always easy to say whether this extension of
inequalities, and diversified by the varied exuberance of the means of expression is the cause or the consequence
abundant vegetation; Pope's is a velvet lawn, shaven by of the conception and familiarization of new ideas; but,
the scythe and levelled by the roller."
in any event, new thoughts and new words are neces-
sarily connected, if not twin-born. ... The want of a
The poetry of the first part of the century, of the
sufficient nomenclature and the convenience of rhyme
Lake poets, is contrasted with that of the genera- and metre, as is very clearly seen in all the older En-
tion subsequent to William Morris and Swinburne, glish versions, naturally led to the employment of many
and the reader is told that-
French words."


1895.]
207
THE DIAL
In view of this “want of a sufficient nomencla- our college professors are on the whole anything but
ture,” what can it profit our language to cultivate the high-minded and independent body of men we are
a preference for old English terms whose inadequacy
accustomed to think them. For may we not infer from
has been proved by centuries of experience? What
Mr. Reeves's pathetic picture of the “decadence” of
advantages of clearness or picturesqueness or even
the once proud-spirited « Thomson " (whose “scientific
of strength did the historian Freeman hope to gain made him more or less of a prig) that in our country
vigils” in Germany, by-the-bye, would seem to have
by carrying his preference for native English words
professorships, formerly “plums, ready to fall into the
so far as to repeat the same substantive
or verb or hands of him who had most conscientiously prepared
adjective again and again in the same passage, himself,” are now the spoils of men who sink their re-
rather than use a synonym of foreign growth ? spect for themselves and their calling by truckling to
The conditions of early English life were too politicians, and making, not truth, but expediency and
cramped and primitive to admit of the formation popularity, the rule of their teachings. Now I should
of a vocabulary at all adequate to our needs. The
be extremely sorry to think that even a small minority
necessity which our literature felt for a proper
of the professors in our universities owe their positions
medium of expression worked out its own relief by ignoble tenure of attuning their teachings to the cur-
to having "cultivated Wilcox,” or hold them by the
laying hold of words wherever they came most rent“ political timbre." The fact is, there is no consid-
readily to hand, whether from without or from
erable class or corps in this country (except perhaps the
within. It was so in Chaucer's time, and it will clergy) so widely and proverbially remote from the in-
continue to be so as long as our language is spoken Auence and sphere of action of political Wilcoxes as
and written.
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
the one impliedly touched by Mr. Reeves; and the road
to preferment taken by the hypothetical « Thomson "
University of Ilinois.
is, I venture to say, in the region of fact quite as un-
usual as it is abject. Self-satisfied and inexperienced
young men like Mr. “ Thomson,” who emerge from the
universities with a blissful sense of their own compe-
COMMUNICATIONS.
tency to lift up and enlighten an unregenerate world,
are, it is true, usually obliged to dismount from their
THE COMPLETE WORKS OF POE.
stilts and condescend to make some advances to people
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
in a position to help them to the object of their wishes.
Permit me to call your attention to the fact that But they need not, like Mr. “ Thomson,” sacrifice their
« The Journal of Julius Rodman," mentioned in your self-respect and mental independence in doing so.
notice of the new edition of Poe's Works, was printed
W. R. K.
in Volume IV. of Ingram's edition of the Works of Pittsfield, Mass., Oct. 4, 1895.
Poe, published by Nimmo (Scribner & Welford, New
York), in 1885.
And, speaking of Poe, your readers
THE LOCATION OF THE UNIVERSITY
be interested
may
to know that the manuscript of “The Bells," as finally
OF CALIFORNIA.
sent by him to the printer, saving only the last four
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
lines, is still in existence. It is in the form of his famous A paragraph has been going the rounds of the East-
rolls, written on pale-blue paper, the fragments—sheets ern press, and found its way into the last issue of THE
and parts of sheets - pasted together, end to end, and DIAL, to the effect that the Regents of the University
shows the printers' thumbing. It is the more interest-
of California have decided to remove the home of the
ing, from the erasures, interlineations, and alterations University from Berkeley to San Francisco, and have
of the author. Inasmuch as certain peculiar italicising accepted the offer of Mayor Sutro of thirteen acres of
in the manuscript does not appear in any printed copy
ground as a site for the new buildings. Permit me to
I have ever seen, it is evident that Poe continued to say that this statement is incorrect. The University of
polish and refine the poem in the proofs. I am not California consists of the Colleges of General Culture,
sure that the poem gained by the omission of the italics located in Berkeley; and the affiliated Colleges of Law,
in the line:
Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, and Art, which have
“What a world of merriment its melody foretells." always been located in San Francisco. The Colleges
There is an unusualness in that italicised word quite
of General Culture have their home in half a dozen or
characteristic of Poe.
WILLIAM NELSON.
more spacious buildings in Berkeley, the number of
which is being constantly increased. The work of the
Paterson, N. J., Oct. 10, 1895.
affiliated colleges has heretofore been done in rented
buildings. The last legislature appropriated $250,000
"THE DECADENCE OF A SCHOLAR."
for the erection of buildings that should belong to the
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
state, in which the work of these affiliated colleges
I have read with interest a cleverly written sally in
should be done. The thirteen acres offered by Mayor
your issue of October 1, entitled “The Decadence of a Sutro, and accepted by the Board of Regents, are offered
Scholar.” While there is a leaven of wholesome truth
as a site for these new buildings, and have nothing to
in the sketch, it seems to me nevertheless to contain an
do with the location of the University proper
the Col-
implication (perhaps unintended) not at all palatable leges of General Culture. These remain in Berkeley.
or flattering to a considerable class of your readers and
The Astronomical Observatory on Mount Hamilton is
contributors. If the usual method of securing and hold-
also a part of the property of the University, and under
ing professorships in American colleges be really such
the control of the Regents. W. H. V. RAYMOND.
as Mr. Reeves intimates, then the plain inference is that Sacramento, Cal., Oct. 8, 1895.


208
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
enon":
of the showman, to the trees and hedges as the young
The New Books.
phenomenon.' At Brest he encountered the young
phenomenon' again, who had united his, or their, forces
with a dancing bear, some performing dogs, a donkey,
FLAUBERT'S LIFE AND LETTERS.*
and a pack of fighting mongrels. Again the hospitali-
ties of Flaubert proved too much for the sobriety of the
The volume containing the life and letters
showman. A year later, Maxime Ducamp was lying ill
of Gustave Flaubert will come with a quicken- at Paris, having been wounded in the tumults of '48;
ing appeal to the average reader of French lit- he was one day disturbed by hearing a strange confu-
erature, who may have pushed his way with sion of sounds on bis staircase, -— pushing, struggling,
deepening repugnance through “ Madame Bo- suppressed explosions. Suddenly the door flew open,
and Flaubert appeared: "Gentlemen, allow me to intro
vary,” or been awe-stricken but — fatal defect
duce to you the young phenomenon; it is three years
- not interested by the piled-up erudition of old, has been approved by the Academy of Medicine,
“Salamm bô.” This average reader, repre- and been honored by the presence of several crowned
sentative of the great middle-class which Flau-
heads.' Flaubert bad discovered his old friend at a
fair in some part of Paris, and spent a hundred francs
bert detested so cordially, will probably rise
for the pleasure of this private exhibition."
from the perusal of Mr. Tarver's volume with
Compare with this the following bit of ele-
the assurance that Flaubert's life is more in-
giac musing over Chateaubriand's tomb at St.
teresting than his writings.
It was a life lived through the sixty years
Malo, visited by the two friends a few days
after their meeting with the young phenom-
(1821–1880) which were the heart of the cen-
tury. The Bourbons, the Republic, the Second
“ There he will sleep, his head turned to the West,
Empire, the Prussian invasion, the Commune,
in the tomb built on a cliff, his immortality will be like
the new Republic,—Flaubert saw them all, and his life, deserted of all and surrounded by storms. The
their effects on France; and his pictures from waves with the centuries will long murmur round this
the comédie humaine are colored accordingly. great monument; they will spring to his feet in the
Yet in itself, the current of his life ran smoothly sails are spread and the swallow comes from beyond the
tempests, or in the summer mornings, when the white
enough. Possessed of a comfortable fortune,
seas, long and gentle, they will bring him the voluptu-
never marrying, a devoted son to his widowed
ous melancholy of distances, and the caress of the open
mother in their peaceful Norman home near air. And the days thus slipping by, while the billows of
Rouen, it is obvious that Flaubert's fascination his native beach shall be forever swinging between his
birthplace and his tomb, the heart René, cold at last,
for us is one of personality, not of environment.
will slowly crumble into nothingness to the endless
Impetuous in his affections, sweeping in his rhythm of that eternal music.”
judgments, boisterous even to horse-play in his
Which seems to justify his friend Bouilhet in
humor, he was superlative in everything. This calling him a lyric poet, though he could not
fluffy-haired giant could devote three hours to
write a verse.
a practical joke on a friend, or six years to the Flaubert thus characterizes himself as
production of a book.
hater of the commonplace, and a lover of the
What extremes he was capable of may
be
beautiful :
illustrated by Mr. Tarver's account of an inci-
“ And now what I like above everything is form, pro-
dent in Flaubert's Wanderjahre, when he and vided that it be beautiful, and nothing more. : : :
For
his friend Maxime Ducamp were making a me there is nothing in the world except beautiful verses,
pedestrian tour through Brittany.
well-turned, harmonious, resonant phrases, glorious sun-
" At a fair at Guérand the travelers came upon a man
sets, moonlight, coloured paintings, antique inarbles, and
shapely heads. Beyond tbat, nothing. . . . In all pol-
who was showing a monstrosity—or a pair of monstros-
itics there is only one thing that I understand, revolt.
ities for authorities differ on this point. According to
Fatalist as a Turk, I believe that all that we may do for
Ducamp, the 'young phenomenon' was a sheep with
five legs and a stiff tail; according to Flaubert there
the progress of humanity, or anything else, comes to
absolutely the same thing. As for this progress,' my
were two,-a cow and a sheep, 'wearing one arm, four
shoulders,' as the showman stated. Flaubert fell in
understanding is a bit obtuse for things that are not
love with the young phenomenon,' made much of the
quite clear. All that has to do with that way of talk-
ing fatigues me immeasurably."
sbowman; would have him to dine, when he got abom-
inably drunk; encouraged him to write to King Louis His genius ripened slowly into adequate ex-
Philippe ; declared that he would make his fortune.
pression. At the age of twenty-eight, he had
For days the joke lasted. He could talk of nothing published nothing of importance, though the
but the young phenomenon'; would stop in the mid-
dle of the road and exhibit poor Ducamp, in the style pleted and read in MS. to his intimate friends
Temptation of St. Anthony " had been com-
*GUSTAVE FLAUBERT, AS SEEN IN HIS WORKS AND COR-
Ducamp and Bouilhet. It is interesting to re-
RESPONDENCE. By John Charles Tarver. New York: D.
Appleton & Co.
call the scene :
a
66


1895.]
209
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6
6
"
>
“ Early in the autumn (of 1849) Flaubert wrote to “I beg to inform you that to-morrow, the twenty-
Ducamp, 'the Temptation is finished, come !' Ducamp fourth of January, I honor the criminals' bench with
started at once for Croisset; found Bouilhet already my presence, sixth chamber of the executive police, at
established there; and the reading began. It lasted four ten o'clock in the morning. Ladies are admitted; cos-
days; eight hours a day; from mid-day till four in the tumes must be decent and in good style.
afternoon; from eight in the evening till midnight. At “I do not count on any justice at all. I shall be
the beginning, Flaubert, waving the pages above his condemned, and have to pay the highest possible fine
head, cried: If you do not utter howls of enthusiasm, perhaps; a pleasant reward for my toils, noble encour-
the reason is that nothing is capable of moving you.' agement given to literature. But one thing consoles
For two-and-thirty hours the friends listened in silence; me for these stupidities; it is that I have found so much
at the end of each reading Madame Flaubert (his sympathy with myself and my book. I count yours in
mother) used to inquire • Well ?' and they had no reply the first rank, my dear friend. Now I defy the whole
to make. Before the last sitting Ducamp and Bouilhet French magistracy, with its policemen, and the whole
conferred privately; they determined to give their opin- Committee of Public Safety, including its spies, to write
ion frankly, without reserve; the question of Flaubert's a novel which will please you as much as mine. These
literary future was at stake.
are the proud thoughts which I propose to cherish in
“ That evening, after the last reading, towards mid- my dungeon.”
night, Flaubert, tapping on the table, said: “Now, it is
The trial resulted in a sort of ambiguous ver-
with the three of us, tell me frankly what you think.'
Bouilhet replied: "We think you ought to throw it into
dict of “ Not guilty, but don't do it again”;
the fire and never speak of it again.' A conversation and the book was triumphantly advertised and
followed, which lasted till eight o'clock in the morning;
widely sold.
Flaubert at last, conquered rather than convinced, gave
way. •St. Anthony' was not burned but consigned to
If Flaubert had kept to modern life in his
a drawer.”
next novel, we should have had a literary suc-
“ Madame Bovary
” is Flaubert's best-
cess instead of an antiquarian tour de force.
But “Salammbô” called out certain qualities
known if not his greatest work. It is as dis-
tinctive of him as “ Vanity Fair” of Thack | lavishly present in Gustave Flaubert's make-
eray or “Jane Eyre ” of Miss Brontë; and is
up-enormous industry, a relish of details, and
simply unequalled as a searching and pitiless lists of recondite names—and these fairly
a Victor Hugo-ish fondness for extravagant
satire on provincial French life, which won
for its author a place among the first literary
smother the story. Still, Flaubert had felt
names in France. It is impossible to reproduce
that the book must be written, and fairly
here Mr. Tarver's admirable summary of this
wreaked himself on it: we can only echo the
Gallic “ Middlemarch ”; nor is it desirable.
wonder of Henry James that “a writer could
The merits of the book are its penetration, its spend such an infinity of talent in making
himself unreadable."
truth, its mastery of detail, not the sordid and
repellant little lives and events transfixed for
In the dark days of 1870, Flaubert was
inspection, like an entomologist's beetles. As writing his “ Education Sentimentale," and
to its “realism ” much misunderstanding has
incidentally girding at the fatuity of the “mid-
been rife; it is sufficient to accept Flaubert's
dle class people.” The municipal council of
distinction (so often sharply insisted on by
Rouen had refused to allow space in the public
him) between the love of realism, and the love
square for a memorial to Louis Bouilhet, Flau-
of the real :
bert's poet-friend. This refusal drew from
the novelist a slashing open letter, which con-
“ They think me in love with the real, whereas I ex-
ecrate it: it is out of hatred of it that I have under-
cluded with the following vigorous indictment:
taken this book. . . . Do you really believe that this “There are seven hundred of you in the National
mean reality, whose reproduction disgusts you, does Assembly. How many of those are there who can tell
not make my gorge rise as much as yours? If you the names of the principal treaties in our history, or
knew me better, you would know that I hold the the dates of six kings of France. who know the first
everyday life in detestation. Personally I have always elements of political economy — who have read even
kept myself as far away from it as I could. But Bastiat ? The municipality of Rouen, which has denied
æsthetically I wanted this time, and only this time, to as a body the merit of a poet, is possibly ignorant of
exhaust it thoroughly."
the rules of versification. And it has no need to know
them, so long as it does not meddle with verses.
The success of “Madame Bovary was too
“To be respected by what is below you, please to
pronounced : its straightforward way of calling respect what is above you.
the French spade a spade was found by the « Before sending the people to school, go there
your-
Government to be an outrage on morals and selves!
religion, and the author was prosecuted. On
Enlightened classes, seek enlightenment. . . . Your
whole intellectual effort consists in trembling before the
January 23, 1857, Flaubert writes to his old
future. Bethink yourselves of something else. Rouse
friend Jules Cloquet:
yourselves, or France will soon sink deeper and deeper
a
:


210
[Oct. 16,
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a
>
66
into the gulf, between a hideous demagogy and a mind- has the publisher. A comparison of these three
less middle-class.”
stately volumes with the plebeian single volume
To which Mr. Tarver adds, not without mal- of the original edition of 1810 emphasizes the
ice: “Can this be that same French middle- progress of book-making in the century. Dr.
class that Mr. Matthew Arnold was wont to Coues has appreciated the real function of ed-
hold up to Englishmen as a brilliant example?” itorship in regard to such a work, and has cor-
We must close this desultory notice with a rected the misprints, solecisms, and faulty
few general remarks on this interesting pre- punctuation of the original. He has also re-
sentment of one of the most original and bril- constructed the arrangement. Pike's hurriedly-
liant of Frenchmen. Mr. Tarver's aim, as made edition is composed of three parts (cor-
announced in his preface, is to place the per- responding to three stages of his travels) fol-
sonality of Gustave Flaubert vividly before lowed by three appendices in smaller type. As
his readers. The book is essentially made up each of the parts is little more than a bare
from the correspondence of Flaubert; the edi- iter, and as the three appendices pertain re-
tor, with rare self-restraint, supplying only so spectively to these parts, adding to them much
much running comment and outline biography elaborative material of the nature of letters and
as will serve to make the letters intelligible reports, Dr. Coues has placed each of them
and attractive. His work has been well done; after its appropriate part, in uniform type,
the apparently scrappy appearance of some of after arranging its documents in chronological
his interposed remarks is a necessary incident order. The result is a well digested and most
of his method. His comments on Flaubert's readable chronicle, instead of ill assorted bun-
character and conduct, as well as his criticisms | dles of information. To all the plates and
on the novels (full summaries of which are maps of the first edition have been added an
given), seem, on the whole, eminently shrewd historico-geographical” chart of the upper
and just. His style is trenchant, almost epi- Mississippi, made under the direction of the
grammatic; albeit disfigured for American editor, and a facsimile letter from Pike ac-
eyes by the Briticism “ by way of” (e. g., knowledging to the Secretary of War his ap-
“Mlle. Leroyer de Chantepie was by way of pointment as major. The handwriting of this
being an authoress," p. 228).
letter is admirable in its regularity. One
The volume is handsomely printed and bound, looks for such a script from a clerk, but not
contains two illustrations and a good index, from a soldier; yet it is full of the forceful
and does credit to the publishers. Altogether, character of Pike.
we may thank Mr. Tarver for a distinct addi-
The editor passes from the lower to the
tion to the literary biography of the century. higher elements of his work in an exhaustive
JOSIAH RENICK SMITH. name-index of one hundred pages, composing
the third volume. The versatile editor must
have been in one of his merriest moods when,
ZEBULON MONTGOMERY PIKE.*
in composing his preface, he characterized this
index as “ exceptionally accurate,” if accuracy
Dr. Coues's new edition of the “ Pike Ex- includes arrangement as well as content and
peditions” is a beautiful specimen of press- reference. In the two latter points, so far as ex-
work most creditable to the taste and liberal amination goes, it deserves the commendation;
ity of the publisher. No explorer could ask a but in the matter of arrangement it is cer-
more enviable destiny than to be enshrined in tainly most helpful when read straight through.
such pages. The edition is limited to eleven “Pike, Capt. John ” precedes "Pike City,
”
hundred and fifty copies, of which the first one Cal.”; “Pike, Major Z.” precedes “Pike,
hundred and fifty are printed on hand-made memoir of”; “ Pike, Mrs. Z. M.” precedes
paper, and one thousand on fine book paper. No “Pike, N. Y."; and the nearly two columns
expense has been spared in materials and typo- regarding the word pike and its derivatives be-
graphical work, and the result is delight to the gins : “pike, a fish,
,Pikean source of Miss.
eye and to the mind. The editor has done the R.,” “pike, a weapon,"
R.,” “pike, a weapon,” “ Pike bay.” Yet,
material portion of his work as successfully as withal, this index is a most needful companion
*THE EXPEDITIONS OF ZEBULON MONTGOMERY PIKE. A in searching among the riches accumulated in
new edition, now first reprinted in full from the original of Dr. Coues's notes. An important portion of
1810, with copious critical commentary, memoir of Pike, new
map and other illustrations, and complete index. By Elliott
the first volume is a biographical sketch of
Cones. Three volumes. New York: Francis P. Harper. Pike, by Dr. Coues, in which he says he has
.


1895.]
211
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.
used much hitherto unpublished documentary every acre of the route with the minutest de-
material, and other sources of information not tails of topography and previous visitations.
before utilized ; and it is especially full in re- Every collateral knowledge that in any wise
gard to the later years of Pike's life. But it
But it may illustrate the main text is brought in; and
is sketchy and imperfect for the earlier life. one leaves each stage for the next, feeling that
On page 603, Pike speaks of himself as “hav- nothing more could have been said. The jour-
ing commanded for some time the post of Kas- ney to the Rio Grande is handled in the same
kaskias.” There is no mention of this fact in exhaustive way. The editor's twenty years of
the biography. In fact, one cannot there learn army life on our western frontier enabled him
where he spent the first ten years of his mili- at different times to visit nearly every portion
tary career with the exception of the years of Pike's route, and he has accumulated here
1800-1801.
also the same wealth of illustrative material.
Nearly one-half of the text of these volumes Not only has he shown a German industry in
is made up of critical and illustrative notes by his commentary on his text, but he has shown
the editor. Here is a great wealth of material the brilliancy of a Frenchman in his presenta-
- geographical, topographical, ethnological, tion. His pathway sparkles with wit, and one
biographical, and linguistic, — and here Dr. follows him with unabated interest, and even
Coues is a master. It is well known that ardor, to the end. Even the dreary wastes of
Pike's narrative covers two expeditions : one,
an index are enlivened with such an explana-
by authority of the President, from St. Louis tory note as : “ The arrangement of the entries
to the headwaters of the Mississippi, in 1805-6; is intended to be strictly alphabetical, without
the other, under orders from General Wilkin regard to the logical order in which phrase-
son, the commander-in-chief, through Louis- names and phrases would follow one another :
iana Territory to Mexico, in 1806-1807. The thus . various Sandy things interrupt
first of these expeditions, as well as the con- the canon of Spanish saints whose names be-
temporaneous Lewis and Clark expedition, was gin with San.” One admirable note gives a
part of a general plan of President Jefferson, complete history of the surveys in connection
to take stock of his new purchase of half with the Gadsden Purchase boundary. Va-
a continent; and the second, although not or- rious other notes are devoted to the linguistic
dered by the President, was approved by him and ethnic relations of our Indian tribes. No
and had in the main the same object. The explorer has ever been more fully aided to ex-
newly extended boundaries were to be brought press himself through the ampler knowledges
out of the realm of conjecture into that of fact, of the generations that come after him than in
and the Indian tribes were to be attached more
closely to the national government.
On the It would be pleasant to end our review at
northern adventure, the British traders of the this point. No allusion has yet been made to
Northwest Fur Company, who had entered into the spirit in which this critical work has been
trade relations with our Indians and encroached done ; and herein lies the deficiency of the edi-
somewhat upon our political prerogatives, were tor. Major Pike's explorations bring one not
to be met; in the Southwest, the Spaniards merely into the fields of geography and ethnol-
who were intriguing from Santa Fe were to be ogy, but are a part of the history of the United
checkmated. Pike performed both missions States. A critic who handles an historical
with much intrepidity and tact, although the theme, and deals with men and measures, should
personal outcome of the first was more fortunate have the historical perception, as well as the
than of the second. In both cases, launching ability to observe and relate natural phenomena.
forth with a handful of soldiers into a practic Yet there is no antinomy here. It is the true
ally unknown wilderness, he endured physical scientific vision that is needed in both cases—
ills as great as fall to the lot of most Arctic the ability to see things in their relations. Dr.
explorers. From the first journey he returned Coues has established an international reputa-
with laurels after eight months; from the sec- tion as a natural-science worker. Yet when he
ond he was sent back as a prisoner at the hands steps within the field of social phenomena, his
of the governor of New Spain. Dr. Coues, in manner is thoroughly unscientific. He does
the summer of 1894, in person retraced the not seem to know that the idea of evolution,
entire boat-journey of Pike to the head waters undoubtedly accepted by him in his own field
of the Mississippi, himself discovering the real of work, is also a fully accepted working prin-
sources ; and his voluminous notes cover nearly | ciple in the social and historical field. His
this case.


212
[Oct. 16,
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te
-
special inability seems to be in the direction him by silently. But as a visitor in the domain
of an historic religion, and he is apparently of history, he fails to grasp even a faint portion
unable to judge the religious perceptions of the of Tennyson's wise words:
sixteenth century A.D., or of the sixteenth cen- “ Yet I doubt not thro' the ages one increasing purpose runs,
tury B.C., by any other standard than that of And the thoughts of men are widen'd with the process of
the suns."
the latter part of the nineteenth century. Pike's
incidental remark that he is reading Volney's For he sins not only against the men who are
“ Ruins " is the occasion for half a page, in
the bystanders in his critical career through
fine print, of atrabilious comment on the
the ages : he sins against the hero of his tale
“they” who called Volney an infidel. Pike's
as well. There is not a word, either in the
reference to “a Reynard” who professed not
text or in the critical notes, that bears any
to believe in a hereafter brings out a page of evidence to a fair mind of Pike's knowledge of
abuse of the Hebrews, who “ invented very part of his commanding officer. Yet the edi.
any nefarious scheme against Mexico on the
little except their precious Jehovah, who was
less polished and less agreeable a god than
tor assumes as fact what has never been proved
most of those who were elaborated by the more
although strongly suspected — even of Wil-
civilized tribes who surrounded and generally putation, the evil designs to the credit of Pike.
kinson ; and then carries over, by a sort of im-
whipped the Jews.” The “ Noachian narra-
tion” comes in for withering scorn, since “the
There is again and again a disparagement of
most credible items in this account are that the
Pike by sinister interpretation, which is not
elephant took his trunk with him and stood justified by anything we know of him. In
behind it in the ark, but that the cock and the short, Dr. Coues has laid down an admirable
fox were worse off for baggage, having only a
rule by which his critical estimates of men
comb and a brush between them." There is
should have been and have not been guided,
a fling at “the unisexual transports of the mor-
when he says, with the true scientific temper,
bid imagination” of the noble Marquette
whom in
in answer to aspersions upon Beltrami's char-
acter :
the world will still continue to admire with the
“ With me the question is not one of
Beltrami's character, temperament, imagina-
authority of Mr. Parkman. In truth, in an-
other note the whole effort of the Roman
tion, sex-relations, etc., but simply, What did
Catholic Church in behalf of the American
he do about the Mississippi origines ?”
Indian in New Spain, from 1537 to the present
This work is one that we must ever prize
time, is brutually characterized as the work of highly as a treasury of multifarious knowledge,
“the borde of corrupt, profligate and extortion-
whilst we at the same time regret the limita-
ate ecclesiastics who have cursed the country
tions of the gifted editor. For a tolerant spirit,
from that day to this.” Poor Mr. Schoolcraft
a disposition to entertain evidence for as well
is treated to two pages of belaboring, as "a as against, and ability to discern the true grain
gentleman who was expert in expanding his
amid the chaff and to recognize the achieve-
ment of those who in earlier times without
own stock of information to the most volumin-
ous proportions, and whose cacoëthes scribendi,
straw made the brick upon which we found,
by dint of incessant scratching, finally devel-
are essential qualifications of one who would
oped a case of pruritus senilis, marked by an
really enter the field of historical criticism.
J. J. HALSEY.
acute mania for renaming things he had named
years before,” and who was true “ to the su-
preme selfishness, inordinate vanity, vehement
prejudices and conscientious narrow-minded-
6 THE BISMARCK OF BULGARIA."*
ness with which his all-wise and all-powerful
The recent assassination of Stambuloff, “ the
Calvinistic creator had been graciously pleased Bismarck of Bulgaria,” has stimulated public
to endow him."
curiosity regarding his life and work, and the
Dr. Coues reminds one of Carlyle. He is fre- readable biography by Mr. A. Hulme Beaman
quently as brilliant, he is fully as prejudiced, will supply all that most readers will care for.
and he is even more hopelessly dyspeptic. If The author was an intimate friend of the states-
man and patriot whose life he has written, and
which to-day still trammel themselves with the
is an Englishman. It follows that he is an
limitations of Jahvism or of Calvinism, instead
*M. STAMBULOFF. By A. Hulme Beaman. With six
of accepting all the truth of God which our
portraits. “Public Men of To-day." New York: F. Warne
own favored age makes its own, we would pass
he were content to gird only at those minds ma
& Co.


1895.]
213
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>
enthusiastic admirer of Stambuloff's splendid does not attempt to hide it. Stambuloff was
fight against Russian influence, and of his con- arbitrary, unwilling to yield in any point, but
structive work in building up a Bulgarian bound to override all opposition. No prince
nation. The book is written with the sym- could long endure the masterful rule of such
pathy necessary to a good biography, but the a premier, nor could associates who were un-
author's admiration has not blinded him to willing to be mere clerks serve under him long.
the defects of his subject. The book is, from He was a patriot to the last drop of his blood,
the English standpoint, and we believe from the and had the insight of a real statesman. He
world's standpoint, a thoroughly good sketch would not yield, because he knew his policy to
of the political career of Stambuloff, and of be the best for his country. Yet his rough
the rise of independent Bulgaria.
disregard and insolent treatment of his col-
The life of Stambuloff was a stirring and a leagues and his prince made enemies that fin-
stormy one. Revolutionist at fourteen, Nihil ally overthrew him, and wrecked, for a time
ist at eighteen and expelled from Russia, at at least, the policy his heart was set on. The
twenty-one he was the life and centre of the persecution visited upon him when once his
revolutionary movement in Bulgaria against position had been undermined, and the subse-
the oppression of the Turk. His whole time quent horrible assassination directly instigated
was spent in the work of organizing committees by Prince Ferdinand, show this prince to be
and planning futile risings, “ marked from the one of the meanest men that ever filled a
first by his imperious spirit and indomitable throne. Nor can Russia be freed from the
energy, as the natural champion of Bulgarian stain of complicity in these base deeds.
independence."
Though Stambuloff was harsh in his treat-
The Russo-Turkish war of 1877–78 gave ment of opponents and arbitrary in his man-
Bulgaria practical independence from Turkey, agement of the government, he must be judged,
but she was sadly lacking in men with the not by Western standards, but by his surround-
requisite knowledge and training to manage ings as the head of a youthful nation just
her affairs. But this lack of experience in po emerging from the despotism of the Turk into
litical life only intensified political passion, and self-government and constitutional methods of
degraded party contests into personal and fac- political life. So judged, much that we con-
tional strife. Two parties contested bitterly demn in his course will disappear, while his
for supremacy, the National and the Russo- achievements will deserve higher praise from
phile. In this contest, Stambuloff soon emerged the disadvantages under which he worked.
as the National leader, as ardent an opponent
CHARLES H. COOPER.
of Russia, the new foe of Bulgarian indepen-
dence, as he had been of Turkey in former days.
From this time the history of Bulgaria cen-
tres in him until his fall in 1894. The Czar INSPIRATION AND INTERPRETATION.*
seemed to have the little state in his power, Most of the works now before us pertain to the
when he had punished Prince Alexander by evidences of Christian faith, or to its right inter-
forcing his abdication ; but he had not taken pretation. The two are, in fact, closely united. If
sufficient account of this young man, then only we interpret our oracles of belief in one way, the
thirty-two years old. He was Regent during proof of their authenticity is comparatively easy
those critical and exciting days, and during the *THE BREATH OF GOD. By the Rev. Frank Hallam. New
interregnum until Ferdinand was hunted up,
York: Thomas Whittaker.
elected, and invested with power. The course
CHRISTIAN EVIDENCES. By Ezekial Gilman Robinson,
D.D., LL.D. New York: Silver, Burdett & Co.
of Russia toward Bulgaria, her dog-in-the-man- RELIGIOUS DOUBT. By the Rev. John W. Biggle, M.A.
ger policy, can never be anything but a dis- Now York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
credit to the late Czar. The plots formed and
DOCTRINE AND LIFE. By George B. Stevens, Ph.D., D.D.
New York: Silver, Burdett & Co.
attempts made to destroy the national govern- OUTLINES OF SOCIAL THEOLOGY. By William De Witt
ment and crush the rising national spirit were Hyde, D.D. New York: Macmillan & Co.
unworthy of a civilized ruler. The thwarting Briggs, D.D. New York : Charles Scribner's Sons.
THE MESSIAH OF THE APOSTLES. By Charles Augustus
of these, in addition to the government of the
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE GOSPEL OF ST.
turbulent country, was a heavy task, and the John. By J. P. MacLean, Ph.D. Cincinnati : The Robert
splendid success attained will be Stambuloff's Clarke Co.
A CRITICAL AND EXEGETICAL COMMENTARY ON DEUTER-
permanent monument in history.
ONOMY. By Rev. S. R. Driver, D.D. New York: Charles
Yet there is another side, and Mr. Beaman
Scribner's Sons.


214
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
and simple ; if we render them in another and more on the decay or perversion or misdirection of powers.
authoritative form, as we deem it the proof be- It is the second of these that the author treats 80
comes much more complicated and difficult. The fully. Doubt is with him much of the nature of
key to our exegesis and our evidences is one and disease; and though he is tender and patient in its
the same: our notion of inspiration. If the inspira- treatment, he does not see that we have no other
tion we accept and enforce is one of authority in designation than that of doubt for a most robust and
any degree beyond that which attaches to the Scrip- profitable frame of mind. The philosophy of the
tural declarations themselves, then this authority, author prepares the way for this restricted view.
both as to its validity and its extent, puts us con- Faith is, with him, a special power transcending
stantly in a defensive attitude, and becomes a very reason, and making its own revelations. Not to
exacting element in our exegetical and in our his- have this power, therefore, in full and fortunate ac-
torical rendering of religious
truth. If, on the other tion, is simply and necessarily an evil. The higher
hand, the Scriptures hold their moral proof and truths of religion are its proper objects, and the ac-
power within themselves, we at once attain freedom ceptance of these truths is evidence of a vigorous
in our reconstruction of the events under which fulfilment of its functions. To those who regard
they have arisen. The mind and heart are simply faith as one form or direction in which our intel-
dealing with their own in all Scriptural inquiry. lectual powers find expression, and who think that
The prevalent notion of inspiration has arisen this expression is sure to be inadequate and may
chiefly in behalf of authority; and yet the corrected be false, the whole question of doubt assumes wider
view gives a far more stable and undeniable hold scope and demands different treatment.
of the truth on the mind. We can neither palter We make haste to affirm the ability and insight
with nor escape that which declares itself as light of the author of “Doctrine and Life.” It is a
within our own spiritual consciousness. Between
book sure to receive and reward the diligent perusal
two spiritual summits, men have mistaken the lower
of a large class of readers. We wish to secure, by
one for the higher one. As their better measure- this concession, a brief space for criticism. The
ments correct their error, they begin silently to for- title of the book, “Doctrine and Life,” the preface,
sake the one and seek the other. That mind is in-
and the first chapter prepared us to expect, in the
spired which is acting with God, the medium of
discussion that was to follow, a close connection be-
communication being simply the truth. We cannot tween Christian doctrine and Christian life. The
leave the question of inspiration with a vague an- author disappointed us in this respect. We turned
swer, and then pass on to interpretation. We must eagerly to such chapters as those on “ The Trinity,"
know at the beginning of our exegesis what author- “ The Person of Christ,” “The Atonement," to see
ity to attach to it.
in what way these current dogmas now involved
“ The Breath of God” is a prolonged rhetorical any refreshment to feeling and action. We found
rhapsody. This is a remark of description, not of little in them beyond a softened and persuasive rep-
censure. Those who wish an effusive and impres- resentation of the doctrines themselves.
What we
sional statement of the Bible and its services will doubt is the present ministration of these dogmas
find it in this volume. The fact is sufficiently in- to an enlarged spiritual life. This doubt the author
dicated by a portion of the
titles of successive chap- leaves much as he finds it. He is disposed to waive
ters: “King Liber," "His Courtiers,” “His Critics," any statement of the doctrine of inspiration, as a
“ His Blemishes,” “His Exaltation,” “ His Power.” dogma that does not admit of any final determina-
“ Christian Evidences is a very concise presen-
tion. In this he overlooks the fact that we cannot
tation of the proofs of Christianity, and one at the so much as enter on interpretation till we know
same time comprehensive and discriminating. It
what is to be conceded to simple authority. The
rests upon lectures given by Dr. Robinson as an author thinks that Christian doctrine may be “above
instructor, and is rather a comprehensive statement and beyond reason." Now, if we mean by reason
of their substance than the full text. The stand- -as we well may—the entire hold of the mind on
point of the author is that of liberal orthodoxy, and truth, then a dogma which transcends reason cannot
the weight of emphasis is laid on the completeness
be nutritious in spiritual life. It is, in that very
of Christian truth and its power to assert itself; its degree, unmanageable — intellectually indigestible.
power to master, guide, and build up the human “ Outlines of Social Theology” is a work, in the
spirit. The perennial vitality of Christian faith is
purpose indicated, not unlike “Doctrine and Life.”
the force of the volume.
6. This little book aims to point out the logical re-
“Religious Doubt" is a kindly and painstaking lations in which the doctrines of theology will stand
book, and, from the author's point of view, compre- to each other when the time shall come again for
hensive. Yet it is fitted to interest only a limited seeing Christian truth in the light of reason, and
number who share the religious prepossessions on Christian life as the embodiment of love" (Preface,
which it rests. There are two kinds of doubt: one page v.). The difference between them lies in the
arising from the strong independent action of the fact that President Hyde has thrown his full strength
mind, and another due to its hesitancy and weak- into the social force of religious truth, and so has
One is incident to growth, the other follows wrought out a stirring exposition of the existing re-
ness.


1895.]
215
THE DIAL
-
umes.
lation of duty and belief. From our own point of Deuteronomy is the first of a series, whose an-
view, we can but give the book a most cordial com- nouncements already extend to twenty-eight vol-
mendation. Our slight criticism would be that the
The entire series will stand for an amount
author is anxious, too anxious, to impart the current of labor and inquiry that is startling. The material
cast of thought to the doctrine involved in his own is so abundant and varied in this first volume as to
presentation. The book is divided into three part: make the book one for protracted study, for refer-
Theological, Anthropological, Sociological. Each ence and consultation, rather than one for perusal.
of these again falls into three portions. The first, The minister must be well endowed who can make
or theological part, involves the doctrine of the use of a fraction of what is here provided. The
Trinity in a somewhat fanciful way. Professor Ste- spirit is of the most catholic and liberal order, and
vens hardly reaches the urgent social life that is aims to give all opinions due weight. Besides the
upon us.
President Hyde is unwilling to seem to Commentary of four hundred and twenty-seven
leave behind him the doctrinal life which has so pages, the volume contains an introductory discus-
stirred and ruled the world hitherto. Is not the sion of Deuteronomy of ninety-five pages, treating
real relation evolutionary? Our acceptance of purer in a very full manner its authorship, date, charac-
spiritual truth is not a desertion of dogma. It is ter. The purchaser of this volume is only too likely
allowing dogma to burst its integuments, and grow. to be buried beneath the wealth of his reward. It
We have no need to trouble ourselves about any was well that the Commentary on Deuteronomy
identity in substance or in form between the seed should have been the first of the series to be issued,
and the plant which springs from it. The true de- as it holds, perhaps more than any other book in
pendence is that of genetic transition. The book is the Old Testament, the key of interpretation, and
one of enthusiasms quite as much as of thoughts ; determines later conclusions. The peerless manner
the author uses words freely, and gives the words in which Professor Driver has executed his work
he uses a wide range. Many practical questions- inspires some fear for those who are to follow him.
as the unity of the church -are treated very incis-
JOHN BASCOM.
ively. The entire temper of the volume is fitted to
strengthen the mind and bear it forward.
The three remaining volumes on our list are pri-
marily exegetical. The first of the three, “The
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
Messiah of the Apostles,” is present in completion
So long as Mr. Richard Harding
of two previous works by Professor Briggs, and Picturesque views
Davis continues to produce such
gives the promise of two more volumes. The work
of Paris life.
fresh and spirited work as his
of Professor Briggs is so thorough and candid as to
“ About Paris” (Harper), his vogue will stand in
command at once respect and attention.
little danger of abatement. Mr. Davis is a wide-
riety in the views entertained by the authors of
awake traveller, with a keen eye for the salient
the New Testament of the nature and office of
and the bizarre. He does not affect to resolve
Christ and of his character as the Messiah is fully French humanity into its last elements, or to cut
brought out. The work also contains an interesting very deep into social metaphysics ; but he sets the
discussion of the Apocalypse of John. The author
outward and visible signs of things before us with
accepts the theory that this is made up of different
much distinctness. Mr. Davis is a comparatively
original documents, put together in the present form
young man, with a young man's taste for novelty,
by a series of editors. It is resolved into six parts :
and capacity of enjoyment. Even the worn attrac-
the Apocalypse of the Beasts, of the Dragon, of the
Trumpets, of the Seals, of the Bowls, of the Epis- revels of the Mabille and the Moulin Rouge, do not
tions of the cafés chantants, and the terpsichorean
tles.
appear to strike him as yet with a sense of hollow-
“St. John's Gospel” presents a large amount of ness; and the zest with which his scientific researches
matter in a clear, compact form, and in a discrim-
among still more risqués haunts of pleasure-loving
inating way. The book is scholarly and earnest. Paris have been pursued is happily reflected in his
It accepts the prevalent opinion as to the origin of
style. Mr. Davis has a due sense of personal and
the Gospel. The first hundred and seventy-nine national humors and oddities - witness his English
pages are occupied with a discussion of the authen-
tourists dressed (for the boulevards) “in flannel
ticity and character of the Gospel. In these pages, shirts and hunting-caps and knickerbockers, exactly
the author reviews the objections to its authenticity
as if they were penetrating the mountains of Af-
and the proofs in its favor, and discusses at large ghanistan or the deserts of Syria”; the
young man
the Gospel itself. The last seventy pages give the who objected to Casimir-Perier as a presidential
Greek text with a literal interlinear translation. The candidate because he was rich, but who "withdrew
text of the authorized version is given in the mar- his objection when an older man in a blouse pointed
gin, and the various readings at the bottom of the out that Casimir-Perier would make an excellent
page. The volume puts the reader in possession of
appearance on horseback”; the Deputy (a belated
a large amount of material.
Montagnard, evidently) who refused to announce
In “The International Critical Commentary," his vote, on the roll-call, “until he was addressed
The va-


216
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
6
6
of Florence.
as citizen ', and not as “monsieur?”; the budding That Mrs. Earle has written con amore, and with
connoisseur (supported at Paris by a fond aunt in unflagging interest in a theme which has long been
Kansas City) who superbly damns a picture “by her special literary province, is pleasantly manifest
waving his thumb in the air at it, and saying, “it throughout the book, which, to our thinking, is in
has a little too much of that,' with a downward some respects the best she has given us.
sweep of the thumb, and not enough of this,' with
an upward sweep.” A capital story is that of
Mr. Charles Godfrey Leland's little
Popular legends
Pierre Loti's admission to the Academy.
The
volume of “ Legends of Florence”
newly-elected Immortal, it seems, in his maiden
(Macmillan), a collection of tales
address, “instead of eulogizing the man whose quaint, humorous, or gruesome, popularly associated
place he had taken, lauded his own methods and with famous Florentine places and buildings, the
style of composition so greatly that when the second Cathedral and Campanile, the Signoria, the Bar-
member arose he prefaced his remarks by suggest- gello, the old city gates, towers, bridges, crosses, etc.,
ing that • M. Loti has said so much for himself that should prove no less interesting to the folk-lorist
he has left me nothing to add.'” The contents of than entertaining to the general reader. . Mr. Le-
the volume are divided into five chapters: “The
land's book differs from the familiar works of such
Streets of Paris ”; “ The Show Places of Paris " ; writers as Mr. Hare, Mr. Scaife, and the sisters
“ Paris in Mourning ”; “ The Grand Prix and Horner, in that its contents are derived, not from
Other Prizes”; “ Americans in Paris." The book authentic records, but from the people themselves
is prettily bound, and passably illustrated by Mr. the sole exceptions being certain racy anecdotes
C. D. Gibson.
taken from antique jest-books, and the like bygone
halfpenny literature of the people. The author or-
The Women of
“Margaret Winthrop," a biograph. iginally intended to include in the present work
Colonial and Revo- ical sketch of the estimable wife of
only the occulter sort of folk-lore of which his
lutionary Times.
Governor John Winthrop of Mass- “Etruscan-Roman Remains in Popular Tradition"
achusetts, is the initial volume of a promising series consists ; but finding himself, in the course of his
of portraits of distinguished “Women of Colonial labors, in danger of swamping amid an embarass-
and Revolutionary Times,” now issuing from the
ment of riches in the way of the lighter, semi hu-
press of Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons. The
morous local legends dear to the Florentine heart,
book is from the accomplished pen of Mrs. Alice he concluded to omit the graver matter, — fol-
Morse Earle, who, we need not say, sets for the
lowing, we suppose, the rule of the illustrious Poggio
authors of the forthcoming volumes a desirable that in a storm the heaviest things must go over-
standard of form and quality. The object of the board first. Touching the more scientific aspect of
series is twofold : biographical and historical. Each his book, Mr. Leland forestalls the possible stric-
volume, besides portraying the individual from
tures of those whom he ironically styles “ the second-
whom it takes its title, is designed to serve as a rate folk-lorists, whose forte consists not in finding
study of the social life and customs of a special facts but faults,” by cheerfully admitting that he
class, period, and geographical section. In Mrs.
has built up, on a plan suggested by the idea ex pede
Earle's work, for instance, we are shown, in the Herculem, certain tales from a very slight tradi-
first half of the volume, the domestic manners of tional foundation. These instances, however, are
Puritan England under James I. (Mrs. Winthrop the exceptions; and we can answer for it that while
not following her husband over seas until some Mr. Leland has occasionally sacrificed sans merci
years after his arrival in the Colony), as exhibited the letter, he has throughout admirably preserved
in the home life of a country housewife and lady of the spirit of truth. Italian tourists will find the
the manor; and, in the second half, the correspond- volume a delightful and inspiring companion in their
ing phase of life in early colonial Massachusetts. rambles about Florence.
Succeeding volumes will do for the Knickerbocker
and the Cavalier sections of the country what the
Mr. Edward Robins's “ Echoes of
opening one does for the early Puritan. Mrs.
Echoes of the
English Playhouse. the Playhouse” (Patnam) is an in-
Earle has done her work in her usual thorough way,
telligently written volume of remin-
sparing no pains in the way of research among the iscences of the older English stage, in which the
authorities, and freely interlarding her narrative reader may find concisely drawn and appreciated
with extracts from unfamiliar and out-of-the-way the careers and talents of such bygone Thespians
sources - letters, journals, inventories, family ex- as Garrick, Quin, Macklin, Foote, the Spranger
pense accounts, and what not. Outwardly, the Barrys, Mrs. Woffington, Kitty Clive, Mrs. Abing-
volume (a shapely, well-printed duodecimo, prettily ton, Nell Gwynne, Mrs. Bracegirdle, and other
bound in crimson linen with plain gold lettering) lesser lights, all of whom made their final exits long
is a model of taste; and altogether the publishers before the historic dignities of the drama gave way
are to be congratulated on the conception, and (thus before the onset of the coming tide of fin de siècle
far) the execution, of their venture. Each volume realism which now, carried to puerile excess, is rap-
will contain either a frontispiece portrait, or, where idly reducing the popular taste to an incapacity to
no portrait is procurable, a facsimile reproduction. I enjoy anything above the intellectual level of
1
1


1895.]
217
THE DIAL
Mr. Shearman on
“ Punch.” Contrasting the dramas regularly ex- Professor Agassiz rose to the emergency: “The
hibited before the Athenian or the Elizabethan com- glory of our country is that we have no wash-
monalty, with the nondescript medleys of horse-woman's children or blacksmith's children as such;
play, buffoonery, and scenic trickery most affected and all we have to fear is that the wash-woman's
by modern popular audiences, it must be admitted child will go ahead of our children, and leave them
that the advantage is not altogether with our own in the background.” Without doubting either the
times. In his opening chapter Mr. Robins discusses Professor's sincerity or the theoretic democratism
broadly, by way of prologue, the development of of his hearers, one would really like to know, as a
the British drama, from its sacerdotal original down matter of cold fact, just how many of the ladies
to the day when its prosperity was temporarily dark- and gentlemen present did not every day of their
ened under the lowering sky of the Commonwealth. lives carry into practice in some way or degree the
The text is enlivened throughout with odds and spirit underlying the query of the candid Briton.
ends of green-room gossip and anecdote ; and the au- The volume contains a pretty frontispiece represent-
thor has fished up from the records much that even ing the “Old Elms.”
those familiar with stage literature will find com-
paratively fresh. Discussing Garrick, Mr. Robins
A little book by Mr. Thomas G.
is inclined to think (with excellent reason) that his
Shearman entitled “Natural Taxa-
the Single Tax.
Hamlet was a wide departure from accepted models
tion” has been added to the “Ques-
something in the way, probably, of M. Monnet- tions of the Day” series (Putnam). The author
Sully’s romantic and picturesque, if very un-English is well known as the leading advocate of the “sin-
impersonation. The strain of French blood in Ğar- gle tax limited"; that is, the collection of all nec-
rick may partly account for the strain of French essary revenues of government by the taxation of
vivacity in his acting. How he appeared, at first land values, without necessarily absorbing their en-
blush, to his startled contemporaries may be gath- tire amount. The single tax is sometimes opposed
ered from Mr. Richard Cumberland's graphic pen- on the ground that economic rent, at least in new
picture : “Heavens, what a transition! It seemed and poor communities, would not suffice to pay the
as if a whole century had been stepped over in a expenses of government; but Mr. Shearman gives
single scene--old things were done away with, and figures to show that, on the contrary, the necessary
a new order at once brought forward, light and lum- taxes would absorb less than one-half of the land-
inous, and clearly destined to dispel the barbarisms owners' gains. The “single tax limited” accord-
and bigotry of a tasteless age, too long attached to ing to this calculation would not destroy private
the prejudices of custom, and superstitiously de- property in land ; and Mr. Shearman treats it rather
voted to the illusions of imposing declamation.” as a method of tax reform than as a means of abol-
The volume contains sixteen portraits, some from ishing landlords. His point of departure is quite
rare originals, in half-tone.
different from that of Mr. Henry George and his
disciples, and he is somewhat less extreme in his
Memories of
In a dainty booklet entitled “Under
conclusions ; yet he claims many wonderful and de-
somo notable the Old Elms (Crowell), Mrs.
sirable things as necessary results of the system he
New Englanders. Mary B. Claflin has gathered to- proposes. Perhaps the strongest part of his argu-
gether a sheaf of memories of the notable men and ment is that in which he shows the weakness of ex-
women who have from time to time visited Gov-isting forms of taxation. He is particularly fero-
ernor Claflin's historic estate at Newtonville, Mass-
cious in his attack upon import duties and other
achusetts. One is glad to find throughout Mrs. forms of indirect taxation, which he re-names
Claflin's pleasant pages a prevailing note of that “ crooked taxation,” to make the designation as op-
kindly tact and refinement which is too often con-
probious as possible. Four chapters are devoted to
spicuously absent from books dealing in the ticklish
the failure of the general property tax, and to its
matter of personal chat and reminiscence. It is so
disproportionate burden upon the rural population
easy to compel a little notice for one's self by say-
and upon widows and orphans. Mr. Shearman
ing sharp things of other people. Among the names calls his proposed system “natural taxation,” be-
mentioned by Mrs. Claflin we note: Charles Sum-
cause he looks upon ground rents as a kind of inev-
ner, Henry Drummond, Whittier, Rev. Newman
itable tax, whether collected by the government or
Hall, Mrs. Stowe, Henry Ward Beecher, Rev. by the individual land-owner.
James Freeman Clarke, etc. A characteristic story
is told of impulsive Professor Agassiz. At an edu-
The important place now held by
cational meeting at Boston, an English gentleman,
The game of
whist in the curriculum of approved
Whist up to date.
the speaker of the occasion and a man "somewhat
social accomplishments ensures a wel-
renowned as a practical educator in his own coun- come to any authoritative addition to the literature
try,” shocked his democratic auditors by asking of the game. Whist is no longer, as in the days of
with unexpected candor : “I do not understand Sarah Battle,” the social bond and esoteric pas-
how you conduct your public schools. How do time of a select few; and the “rigor of the game” is
you know that your child will not be obliged to sit now, even at comparatively lax tables, carried to a
by a wash-woman's child or a blacksmith's child ?” | point that must not only have won the approval but
9
"


218
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
Lectures on
Political
-or
outrun the ideal of that “gentlewoman born.” In seems very inadequate for a proper conception of
the little book before us, “ The Evolution of Whist' his work. In this respect the book compares un-
(Longmans), the eminent authority Mr. William favorably with Mr. Frederic Harrison's volume,
Pole traces the natural history of the game, from which is of about the same size, but makes the
its small and obscure beginnings in the sixteenth statesman, the warrior, and the man stand before
century down to its present highly evolved form. us clearly outlined. This lack of facts is not made
While the work is primarily a careful scientific good by the constant eulogy which every page fur-
study stamped throughout with a proper sense of nishes. Cromwell's character and deeds, properly
the dignity of its theme, it is by no means a mere presented, need no eulogy to convince men of their
curious collection of dry facts and dates. Unlike greatness.
many scientific writers, Mr. Pole is not above writ-
The late Professor Thomas Hill
ing down to the popular comprehension, and cloth-
Green was known at Oxford quite
ing his serious theme and purpose in the attractive Obligations.
as much for his personal influence
garb of an alluring and agreeable style. After an and his unselfish life of social service as for his
interesting general introduction, he proceeds to treat
scholarly philosophical work. To the general public
his subject under the four main heads : “ The Prim- he is less well known than he ought to be; but many
itive Era" (1500 - 1730); “The Era of Hoyle"
readers of “ Robert Elsmere ” will remember that
(1730 – 1860); “The Philosophical Era” (from he was one of Mrs. Ward's two friends to whose
1860 onwards); and “ Latter-Day Developments
memory she dedicated the book. He was also the
- the last division embracing a critical review of
model from whom she drew the character of “Henry
modern changes and innovations, together with a
complimentary chapter on whist in America. Touch- sophical works which treats of theories of the state
Grey.” That portion of Professor Green's philo-
ing the status of the game in this country, the writer
has now been reprinted under the title “ Lectures
cites approvingly the statement of “Cavendish'
on the Principles of Political Obligation" (Long-
(who visited us in ’93) that “there is no sort of
mans). The subject is one in which the author ap-
comparison to be made between the American and
the European players -- the former possessing a
pears at his best, and upon which he is well entitled
to be heard ; for he had an unusually acute sense
general quality of excellence which is almost un-
of political duty. The volume contains his lectures
known here which, at any rate, it has been the
habit to attribute only to exceptional persons like
upon such themes as the different senses of the
term “freedom," the grounds of political obligation,
Deschapelles, appearing once in an age.” This, like sovereignty, private rights
, the rights of the state,
the approbation of Sir Hubert Stanley, is "praise
etc. The political theories of various earlier writ-
indeed,” and should serve as a lenitive to interna-
tional smarts. Mr. Pole's pleasantly written and
ers are examined, but particular attention is paid to
Spinoza, Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau. The method
neatly made little book ought to find its way into
of treatment is metaphysical for the most part, but
the hands of every whist-player desiring a critical
is partly historical; and in connection with the
knowledge of the game.
rights of the state in regard to property, morality,
A hero-worshipping
A new biography of Oliver Crom-
and the family, certain very practical questions are
biography of well (Harper) calls only for a state-
considered.
Oliver Cromwell.
ment of the author's point of view
The fourth volume of Professor Free-
Continuation of
and method, and of his success in adapting his work Prof. Freeman's man's “ History of Sicily” (Mac-
to the special audience he addresses. The Rev. Dr. History of Sicily. millan) is devoted to the interesting
Clark is a hero-worshipper, and Oliver Cromwell is period which extends from the beginning of the
his one hero. As his introducer says of the work, tyranny of Dionysius to the death of Agathocles,
“ It is a book of enthusiasm, a warm-hearted vindi. B.C. 405 to 289. The considerable gaps in the manu-
cation of a great man written with fervor.” script as left by the author have been in part bridged
The fervor shows itself in thickly sprinkled exclam- by passages quoted from his “ Story of Sicily, "; but
ation points and ejaculations of admiration called his own narrative, so far as completed, had been
out by the hero's acts or qualities. The audience written with much care, and well merited publica-
addressed is a supposed general public whose idea tion. The point of view and method of treatment
of Cromwell, if it has any, has been gained from are the same as in the previous volumes (see THE
the hostile pages of Hume. The book is written Dial for Oct. 1, 1892, pp. 214–15). This book
topically in ten chapters. The first, very good in is edited by Professor Freeman's son-in-law, the
its way, is a discussion of the defamatory writers well known archæologist at the Ashmolean Museum,
who shaped the world's opinion of Cromwell until Mr. Arthur J. Evans. To him are due many notes
recently; the second treats of Carlyle's work; the and several valuable supplements to the three chap-
others speak of Cromwell under the heads of “ Early | ters, of which the latter in particular quite offset
Life, “ Farmer," “ Warrior,” “ Parliament and his modest disclaimer in the preface regarding his
Kingship,” “Foreign Policy,” “ Later Domestic fitness for the task laid upon him by force of cir-
Life,” “ Letters," “ Character.” The presentation cumstances; the first supplement, on the tyranny
of the important facts of Cromwell's public life of Dionysius, is in breadth of view and political
a
.
.
.
>


1895.]
219
THE DIAL
o' the way.
Books recommended
insight quite worthy of Freeman himself. The ser-
They wor all great all great, every
vices of archæology as “the handmaid of historical one of them. But, you see, we did not know it till
investigation ” are well illustrated in the later sup- they wor dead.” So it is that the recognition most
plements on the coinage of Dionysius, Timoleon, longed for comes latest — usually too late.
and Agathocles, as casting light on the events with
which their names are associated. The volume is Stage studies of
Decidedly the brightest and freshest
illustrated with four excellent maps and a numis-
Shakespeare's
book of its kind that has come to our
heroines.
matic plate.
notice of late is Mr. Charles E. L.
Wingate's “ Shakespeare's Heroines on the Stage”
It is difficult to discover enough that (Crowell). While Mr. Wingate's work is largely
Louis XIV.
as a Hero.
is new concerning Louis XIV. to based on researches in the regions of moth and dust
change the judgment of history in and documental chaos, the depressing nature of his
regard to him. Mr. Arthur Hassall would proba- preliminary labors has left no regrettable traces on
bly be the last to claim the discovery of new facts his style. The book is piquant and chatty, descrip-
for his work, “ Louis XIV. and the Zenith of the tive and anecdotal rather than critical, yet critical
French Monarchy" (Putnam). The interesting enough to convey a fair impression of the distinctive
feature of the book is its point of view. The writ- qualities and merits of its heroines. Its point is
ing of bistory sometimes moves in a circle. Time
fairly expressed in the title, the author's aim being to
was when Louis XIV. was fulsomely praised; this present, briefly and vividly, critical pen-portraits of
was while he was yet alive. When he died, the those famous actresses, past and present, most worth-
Parliament annulled his will ; cries of joy greeted ily identified with Shakespeare's women. Thus, in
the news of his decease ; history has singled him out the chapter headed “ Juliet” are grouped Mrs. Bel-
as the real author of the French Revolution. Of late, lamy, Úrs. Cibber, Miss O'Neill, Miss Cushman,
however, criticism has swung around to the original | Mary Anderson, Mrs. Duff, Mrs. Mowatt, etc.
A
point; and Mr. Hassall's work represents this atti- feature of the book is the illustrations, which, rang-
tude. But the attitude is an unfortunate one. The ing from the days of “Peg” Woffington and the
book is a study in hero-worship, and in so far it saucy Clive, down to the notable Juliets, Rosalinds,
conforms to the spirit of the series (“ Heroes of the Ophelias, and Lady Macbeths of our times, form a
Nations ") in which it appears; but sober history veritable gallery of players.
suffers in the process. In his zeal to make Louis
XIV. a hero, the author tells us that “ Louis has
In a good many quarters the idea
certainly as great a claim as Napoleon to be consid- for a High School has been gaining ground that the
ered a Hero"; he characterizes Louis as the “most
Classical Library. standards of classical education can
hard-working, pains-taking, and on the whole suc- only be raised by helping the teachers to do better
cessful ruler” France has had; and finally declares work; and that while something may be said about
that “ Louis's reign, as far as military glory was method, it is scholarship that counts in the long run.
concerned, is the most glorious in the annals of American high schools - and the same is true of
French history” (pp. 2-4). This calm disparage- most small colleges
most small colleges - are notoriously deficient in
ment of Bonaparte surely will be a death-blow to the appliances of classical teaching, whether in the
the prevailing Napoleonic revival. From these way of books or of illustrative material. With a
opinions, the character of the book may be inferred. view to remedying this unfortunate condition, the
Michigan Schoolmasters' Club in 1894 appointed a
In a pretty booklet of some two hun- committee to make a select bibliography of the
A poet's sketches
dred and fifty diminutive pages, en-
classical books most essential to high school and pre-
of England.
titled “The Flower of England's paratory work. The committee succeeded in inter-
Face” (Macmillan), Mrs. Julia C. R. Dorr de-esting a score of the leading classical men in various
scribes in her cheery way some of the more notable parts, who contributed suggestions and criticisms.
places visited by her during a recent trip to En-
The “List of Books Recommended for a High
gland. Mrs. Dorr's sketches are ranged under such School Classical Library,” now published by the com-
pleasantly suggestive titles as “ A Week in Wales," mittee, contains 480 titles, carefully classified, with
“ In the Forest of Arden,” “At Haworth,” “To precise information regarding editions, publishers,
Cawdor Castle and Culloden Moor,” “From the and prices. This list will be found invaluable by
Border to Inverness,” etc.; and we need scarcely teachers who wish to strengthen their work in the
say that the little bits of scenery and genre are ancient languages and ancient history. A copy will
touched in with a dainty and sympathetic hand. A be sent gratis on application to the chairman of
pilgrimage to the Bronté country resulted in a sheaf the committee (Mr. C. L. Meader, 33 S. Thayer St.,
of interesting anecdotes and impressions of the Ann Arbor, Mich.), with enclosure of a two-cent
gifted sisters. One elderly witness who had known stamp for postage.
the Bronté family well, “saw Miss Charlotte very
often, almost every day. She wor nothing to look THE “ Life and Letters of Professor Huxley” will
at. She wor a little thing, little and shy. She did be prepared by his son, Head Master of Charterhouse
not lift up her eyes. She wor quiet, and kept out School, and may be expected in about a year.


220
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
BRIEFER MENTION.
of a reprint of that fascinating narrative in the Mac-
millan series of old-fashioned fiction, and now Messrs
Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co. have added six volumes Stone & Kimball send us another reprint of the book,
to their handsome library edition of the novels of
which fills two volumes in their extremely attractive
Charles Lever. The novels now published are “ Roland
series of “English Classics.” Mr. E. G. Browne pro-
Cashel” and “Con Cregan,” in two volumes each; and
vides this edition with an introduction. The series in
“ Maurice Tiernay” and “Sir Jasper Carew,” each in question, which is under the editorship of Mr. W. E.
a single volume. The illustrations are etchings by Henley, aims to reproduce well-known works in a form
“ Phiz” and Mr. E. Van Muyden. The volumes are
at once beautiful and inexpensive, an aim, we may add,
tastefully bound in dark green and gold, and present
which is successfully reached, judging from the volumes
before us.
a highly dignified appearance upon the shelf.
Quite a number of annotated English texts for school
use have recently come to hand. Messrs. Macmillan &
Co. publish “ King Henry the Eighth," edited by Mr. K.
TO ENGLAND.
Deighton; the “ Essays of Elia," edited by Messrs. N. L.
Hallward and S. C. Hill; and Tennyson's “ Lancelot
and Elaine,” edited by Mr. F. J. Rowe. These books
Now England lessens on my sight;
are very neat and attractive. From Messrs. Longmans,
The bastioned front of Wales,
Green, & Co. we have, in equally attractive get-up, Irv-
Discolored and indefinite,
ing's “Tales of a Traveller,” edited by Professors Bran-
There, like a cloud-wreath, sails.
der Matthews and George R. Carpenter; Defoe's “ Jour-
A league, and all yon thronging hills
Shall sink beneath the sea;
nal of the Plague Year,” edited by Professor Carpenter;
and George Eliot's “Silas Marner," edited by Mr. Rob-
But while one touch of Memory thrills,
ert Herrick. Another edition of Defoe's “Plague
They yet shall stay with me.
comes from Messrs. Maynard, Merrill & Co., but no
I claim no birthright in yon sod,
one seems to be responsible for the editing. The same
Though thence my blood and name;
remark applies to the American Book Company's edi-
My sires another empire trod,
tion of “ As You Like It.”
Fought for another fame.
Mr. Gosse writes of Walter Pater, Mr. R. C. Christie
Yet a son's tear this moment wrongs
of Mark Pattison, Dr. Garnett of T. L. Peacock, and
My eager watching eyes,
Principal Ward of Peele, in the forty-fourth volume of Land of the lordliest deeds and songs
the “ Dictionary of National Biography" (Macmillan).
Since Greece was great and wise!
The longest articles in this volume, which runs from
Paston to Percy, are those on William Penn, by Mr. J. Thou hedgerow thing that queenest the Earth,
M. Rigg, and on Robert Peel the second, by the Hon. What magic hast ?—what art?
George Peel.
A thousand years of work and worth
“ Le Français Idiomatique,” a collection of French
Are clustered at thine heart!
idioms and proverbs, made by M. Victor F. Bernard, The ghosts of those that made thee free
is published by W. R. Jenkins, who also sends us
To throng thy hearth are wont;
an edition of io
Athalie," edited by M. C. Fontaine, And as thy richest reliquary
and of “La Fille de Roland,” edited by Dr. W. L.
Thou wearest thine Abbey's front!
Montague.
From the American Book Co. comes a
small volume, “First Year in French," by M. L. C.
Aye, ere my distance is complete
Syms. Professor E. Bergeron's edition of Eugénie
I see thy heroes come
Grandet” (Holt), very neat in get-up, has been on our
And crowd yon shadowy mountain seat,
table for some time, and should have bad a word of
Still guardians of their home;
commendation before now. Professor B. W. Wells has Thy Drake, thy Nelson, and thy Bruce
condensed a process we cannot approve — M. Dau-
Glow out o'er dusky tides;
det's “ La Nabab” (Ginn) for a school text. Finally,
The rival roses blend in truce,
we bave from Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co. an edition of
And King with Roundhead rides.
“ Athalie,” edited by Dr. C. A. Eggert, and one of
And with such phantoms born to last,
Labiche's ever-delightful “ Perrichon,” edited by Pro-
fessor B. W. Wells.
A storm of music breaks;
And bards pavillioned in the past
“The Idiomatic Study of German” (Peck), by Dr. Each from his tomb awakes:
Otto Kuphal; and “Der Praktische Deutsche" (Jen-
The ring and glitter of thy swords,
kins), by Herr U. Joseph Beiley, are the latest appli-
cants for favor with teachers of the German language.
Thy lovers' glow and breath,
By them transmuted into words,
Recently published German texts include “Maria Stu-
Redeem the world from Death.
art” (Macmillan), edited by Dr. C. A. Buchheim,
being Volume XIII. in the Clarendon Press series of My path is West! My heart before
“German Classics"; a volume of “Selections from P. Bounds o'er the dancing wave;
K. Rosegger's Waldheimat,'” (Ginn), edited by Mr. Yet something's left I must deplore —
Laurence Fossler; and Herr Heinrich Seidel's “Die
A magic wild and grave;
Monate” (American Book Co.), edited by Dr. R. Ar- Though Honor live and Romance dwell
rowsmith.
By native stream and wood,
Hajji Baba of Ispahan" is just now enjoying a new Yet not in keep and spire so well
lease of life. We noted not long ago the publication Is throned each lofty mood.
1
!
-


1895.]
221
THE DIAL
a
>
England, perchance our love were more works include many volumes of juveniles, and a volume
If we were matched and met
of verse.
She was a frequent contributor to the pe-
In battle squadron on the shore,
riodicals for the young.
Or here on ocean set; –
Miss Maud Wilder Goodwin's “ The Colonial Cava-
How were all other banners furled
lier,” reviewed by us last March, has come into the
If that great duel rose!
hands of Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co., who republish
For we alone in all the world
it in handsome holiday form, with many illustrations by
Are worthy to be foes.
Mr. Harry Edwards. It is an excellent book, and de-
Land of the lion-hearted brood,
serves to become widely kuown.
I breathe a last adieu;
The University and Normal School of North Dakota
To Her who reigns across the flood
having been closed, owing to the neglect of a recalci-
My loyalty is true:
trant legislature to make the appropriations necessary
But with my service to her o'er,
for their support, a private movement has been started
Thou, England, ownest the rest,
to provide for their expenses by a series of popular lec-
For I must worship and adore
tures, concerts, and other entertainments. We wish the
Whate'er is brave and best.
movement all success, and understand that it has already
done much toward the accomplishment of its purpose.
CHARLES LEONARD MOORE.
Sir Walter Besant has written to an American friend
that, although he is sure the project will at first meet
with derision, he intends, as soon as he can conveniently
do so, to agitate the subject of another Authors' Con-
LITERARY NOTES.
gress, to be held in his country. He believes that the
“Our Industrial Utopia,” by President D.H. Wheeler,
recent Authors' Congress at Chicago was “as impor-
tant to the future of literature and the rights of au-
and “That Dome in Air,” a volume of literary criti-
thors as the Bering Sea Arbitration or the Monetary
cism by Mr. John Vance Cheney, are announced by
Conference were to the commercial interests of nations."
Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co.
Balzac's “Le Médecin de Campagne,” now called
Mr. W. L. Phelps is giving a course in modern fiction
“The Country Doctor," and translated by Miss Ellen
at Yale, and the novels to be taken up before Christ-
Marriage (Macmillan), has just appeared in Mr. Saints-
mas are the following ten: “Lorna Doone,” « Marcella,”
“ A Modern Instance,” « Esther Waters," “A Gentle-
bury's edition of the novelist.
man of France,” « Treasure Island," " Trilby," and vol-
Richard Jones on “Peasant Rents” (1831) is the
umes of short stories by Mr. Bret Harte, Mr. Kipling,
latest of Professor Ashley's “ Economic Classics" (Mac-
and Professor Henry Beers. The latter name doubt-
millan), and will soon be followed by Professor Schmol-
less appears in deference to local sentiment. It would
ler's essay on “ The Mercantile System.”
hardly have been thought of anywhere but in New
A new translation of Count Tolstoy's “Master and Haven.
Man,” by Messrs. S. Rapoport and John C. Kenworthy,
Following Mr. T. Fisher Unwin's retirement from
is published by Messrs. T. Y. Crowell & Co. This is
the third version that has come to our table.
the London agency of the “Century Magazine," we
have the announcement of a new monthly magazine to
“ The Union,” described as "a semi-monthly journal be launched by him with the new year, to be called
for English and Americans in Germany,” is a sprightly “Cosmopolis,” and to appear contemporaneously in
little paper that comes to us from Wiesbaden, with London, Berlin, and Paris. It will contain original
Miss Linda M. Prussing, of Chicago, as “responsible articles in English, French, and German; while a special
editor."
feature will be chronicles of the literary, political,
An “Index Antiphonteus,” prepared by Dr. Frank and theatrical occurrences of the month in Germany,
Louis Van Cleef, is the latest issue of the “Cornell France, and England.
Studies in Classical Philology” (Ginn). It makes a
Mr. F. J. Furnivall, writing about the neglect of En-
volume of 173 pages, and is printed entirely in Greek
glish in common school education, shows by a quotation
and Latin.
from the statutes of Brunton Grammar School, dated
“The Boy in Grey," the closing volume of Messrs. 1519, that the evil is of ancient date. The Statutes say
Ward, Lock & Bowden's edition of the novels of Henry that the “maister shall not teche bis scolers song, nor
Kingsley, will soon be issued, and will contain an illus-
other petite lerninge, as the Crosse Rewe, redyng of
trated biographical sketch of the author, by his nephew, the Mateyns, or of the Psalter, or such other small
Mr. Maurice Kingsley.
thyngs, nether redyng of Englissh, butt such as shall con-
The Rev. Stephen D. Peet, editor of “The American cerne lernynge of gramer-For the Founders of the said
Antiquarian and Oriental Journal ” (just beginning its scole intend, with our lordes mercy, only to have the
eighteenth volume, by the way), is about to publish a grammer of Latyn tongue so sufficiently taught, that
work entitled “ Prehistoric America.” The address of
the scolers, of the same profityng and provyng, shall in
Dr. Peet is Good Hope, Illinois.
tyme to come forever be, after their capacities perfight
Robert Beverly Hale, the youngest son of the Rev. Latyn men.”
Edward Everett Hale, died on the sixth of this month. We learn from the “ Athenæum” that the French
He was only twenty-five years of age, but had become government has sent out invitations to a conference to
somewhat known as a writer for the magazines, and those states which joined in 1886 the Literary Conven-
was a young man of considerable literary promise. tion of Berne. According to a special stipulation, a
Mrs. Clara Doty Bates, the well known writer of conference was to have been summoned by France
stories for the young, died at her home in Chicago, Oc- after a lapse of four or six years from that date for
tober 14. She was born in Michigan in 1838. Her the purpose of revising the convention, but hitherto
il


222
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
>
a
6
"
sion of our amazement upon discovering that the sheets
were fastened together by wires, instead of being de-
cently sewn. The imprint of Messrs. Macmillan & Co.
should have made that offence impossible.
Mr. R. H. Sherard, writing from Paris to “ The Au-
thor,” discourses amusingly of what he calls “ literary
blacklegs.” In Paris, he says, “no successful author
would read the manuscript of another author for a pub-
lisher; in Paris no successful author would write, other-
wise than under his own signature, a criticism on an-
other author's book; in Paris no author would espouse
the cause of the publisher who, quâ publisher, is the au-
thor's antagonist. In London a number of blacklegs
Do you know them ? Yes, I do— are doing this daily,
hourly, minutely, and, like sheep before the sbearers,
we are dumb. We even invite them, some to a drink,
some to a week in our country-houses. Let us, for our
protection, form a Vehmgericht, or since in this age
we must be practical, let us have a black book, privately
printed and privately circulated, in which the blacklegs
or black sheep in our midst are denotated and set down;
a waistcoat pocket booklet with their names and ad-
dresses; so that when we meet the literary blackleg we
may show him the fall of our coats, velvet or shoddy,
over the shoulders, and waist, and — beyond.” This is
hard, say the least, on such publishers' read
Mr. George Meredith, and the distinguished critics who
contribute literary reviews to the anonymous English
press.
as
the government of France has not considered it oppor-
tune to take any steps in the matter. It has done so
now, fixing April 15, 1896, as the date for another
conference, with the intention of submitting for discus-
sion a programme based on the result of the investiga-
tions carried on since 1886, both by the French Gov-
ernment and the Berne Bureau. It is to be hoped that
those states which have not yet joined the Berne Con-
vention will also be invited to send representatives to
the next conference, in order to induce them to join it.
The increasing vogue of Omar Khayyám is evidenced
by the announcement (by the Joseph Knight Co.) of a
variorum edition of the “Rubaiyát.” The standard is
the fourth edition of FitzGerald's version; this is fol-
lowed, quatrain by quatrain, by M. Nicolas's French
prose translation; Mr. Justin Huntley McCarthy's En-
glish prose version; the Whinfield translation of 1889
(with the variants of the translation of 1882); several
representative versions from Mr. John Leslie Garner's
Milwaukee edition; then the German versions of Boden-
stedt and Graf von Schack. Appendices will contain
full notes, a considerable number of additional Rubai-
yát illustrating GitzGerald's translation or specially
characteristic of the Persian poet. The volume will
contain nearly everything that throws any light on his
life and genius Gautier's appreciation, Dean Plum-
tre's interesting comparison between Omar and Eccles-
iastes, a sketch of FitzGerald's life, and a full biblio-
graphy.
The Oxford University Press now uses the famous
Oxford India paper for more than 160 different pub-
lications. This paper, of which the secret is carefully
guarded, is unequalled for thinness combined with opa-
city and strength. It is stated in “ Book Reviews "that
at the Paris Exhibition " volumes of 1500 pages were
seen suspended during the whole period of the Exbibi-
tion by a single leaf, opaque, although as thin as tissue;
and when, at the close of the Exhibition, they were
taken down and examined, the leaf that had sustained
the weight had not started, the paper had not stretched,
and the solid gilt edge of the volume when closed re-
vealed no mark to show where the strain had been
applied. The paper when subjected to severe rubbing,
instead of breaking into holes, assumed a texture re-
sembling chamois leather, and a strip only three inches
wide was found able to support a quarter of a hundred-
weight without yielding." One can get editions of
Bibles, Prayer-books, Shakespeare, Dante, and Virgil,
printed upon
this
paper,
and all are marvels of compact
bookmaking
The first number, dated October, of “ The American
Historical Review” has just made its appearance, and
adds one more to the lengthening list of our serious and
scholarly periodicals. It will probably share the fate
of its fellows in respect of public support, for it is much
too good to be likely to find any considerable number
of subscribers outside the narrow circle of historical
students. Its expenses are, we understand, met by the
universities under whose auspices it appears. Its Board
of Editors is made up of six men, all of the highest
standing, and they have shown the best of judgment in
selecting Professor J. F. Jameson as their managing
editor. The issue before us is a stately octavo of 208
pages, about one-half of which are filled with special
articles and newly-printed documents, while the other
half are devoted to reviews and miscellaneous matter.
Our only criticism upon the number shall be an expres-
a
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
October, 1895 (Second List).
Arid West, Its Future. E. G. Ross. North American.
Birds and Flying-Machines. H. S. Maxim. North American.
California's Irrigation Problem. W. S. Green. Overland.
Civil Service in Australasia. P.R. Meggy. Review of Reviews.
English, Retrogression in. P. F. Bicknell. Dial (Oct. 16).
Flaubert's Life and Letters. J. R. Smith. Dial (Oct. 16).
Fuller, Margaret, her Critical Work. C. LaMonte. Poet-Lore.
Hawaiian Schools. W. R. Castle. Overland.
Huxley. Michael Foster. Popular Science.
Inanimate-Target Shooting. M. C. Allen. Overland.
Inspiration and Interpretation. John Bascom. Dial (Oct. 16).
Liquor Question. J. F. Waldo, and others. No. American.
Man of Science and Philosopher. Herbert Spencer. Pop. Sci.
Maoris, Politics and Social Life of. Louis Beck. Rev. of Rev.
Matabeleland under British South African Co. Rev. of Rev.
Mexican War, Its Causes. A. D. Vandam. No. American.
Microbe as a Social Leveller. Cyrus Edson. No. American.
Moral Proportion and Fatalism in “ King Lear." Poet-Lore.
Mount Lowe and Santa Monica. R. Wildman. Overland.
Newspaper Myth, A. Dial (Oct. 16).
Pike, Zebulon Montgomery. J. J. Halsey. Dial (Oct. 16).
Politics and the Insane. H. S. Williams. No. American.
Powder Making on the Pacific Coast. Overland.
Problems of the Age. F. W. Farrar. North American.
Religious Journalism. G. P. Morris. Review of Reviews.
Science, Warfare of. A. D. White. Popular Science.
Socialism, Mr. Morris in unpublished letters on. Poet-Lore.
Socialism in England. W. G. Blaikie. North American.
Sons of the American Revolution. F. E. Myers. Overland.
Stambuloff, M. C. H. Cooper. Dial (Oct. 16).
Stoddard, Charles Warren. Joaquin Miller. Overland.
Superstition, Recent Recrudescence. E. P. Evans. Pop. Sci.
Telescope, Pleasures of the. G. P. Serviss. Pop. Science.
Trout Culture. Fred Mather. Popular Science.
War and Civilization. Charles Morris. Popular Science.
Water Plants. M. Büsgen. Popular Science.
Wives. Max O'Rell, Grant Allen, H. H. Boyesen. No. Amer.
Woman's Dramatic Ability. Poet-Lore.


1895.]
223
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
(The following list, containing 104 titles, includes books re-
ceived by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
HISTORY.
The Expeditions of Zebulon Montgomery Pike to Head-
waters of the Mississippi River, through Louisiana Ter-
ritory, and in New Spain. By Elliott Coues. New edi-
tion, in 3 vols.; with maps, large 8vo. New York: Francis
P. Harper. $10.
The Huguenots and the Revocation of the Edict of
Nantes. By Henry M. Baird, author of "The Rise of
the Huguenots of France.'
.” In 2 vols., with maps, 8vo,
gilt tops. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $7.50.
The Mogul Emperors of Hindustan, A.D. 1398–1707. By
Edward S. Holden, LL.D. Illus., 8vo, uncut, pp. 363.
Chas. Scribner's Sons. $2.
nerg' a
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
Margaret Winthrop. By Alice Morse Earle. With fac-
simile reproduction, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 341. Scrib-
• Women of Colonial and Revolutionary Times."
$1.25.
Great Missionaries of the Church. By Rev. Charles C.
Creegan, D.D., and Mrs. Josephine A. B. Goodnow.
With portraits, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 404. T. Y. Crowell &
Co. $1.50.
Townsend Harris: First American Envoy in Japan. By
William Elliot Griffis. With portrait, 12mo, gilt top, pp.
351. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $2.
Dictionary of National Biography. Edited by Sidney
Lee. Vol. XLIV., Paston — Percy ; 8vo, pp. 447. Mac-
millan & Co. $3.75.
John Knox. By Florence A. Maccunn. With portrait, 12mo,
pp. 227. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.
9
FICTION.
The Men of the Moss-Hags: A History of Adventure. By
S. R. Crockett. 12mo, pp. 370, Macmillan & Co. $1.50.
Joan Haste. By H. Rider Haggard, author of “She." Illus.,
12mo, pp. 425. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.25.
Clarence. By Bret Harte. 12mo, pp. 270. Houghton, Mif-
Ain & Co. $1.25.
A Set of Rogues. By Frank Barrett, author of “The Ad-
mirable Lady Biddy Fane." 12mo, pp. 346. Macmillan
& Co. $1.50.
Unc Edinburg: A Plantation Echo. By Thomas Nelson
Page. Illus., 8vo, pp. 53. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
The American in Paris : A Biographical Novel of the
Franco - Prussian War. By Eugene Coleman Savidge.
12mo, pp. 273. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.
A Galloway Herd. By S. R. Crockett, author of "The
Raiders.” With portrait, 12mo, pp. 298. R. F. Fenno
& Co. $1.
The Coming of Theodora. By Eliza Orne White, author
of "Winterborough.” 12mo, pp. 304. Houghton, Mifflin
& Co. $1.25.
The Herons. By Helen Shipton. 12mo, pp. 387. Macmil-
lan & Co. $i.
At Odds. By the Baroness Tautpheus, author of “Quits."
“Waldering" edition ; in 2 vols., 12mo, gilt tops. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. Boxed, $2.50.
The Country Doctor. By H. de Balzac; trans. by Ellen
Marriage; with preface by George Saintsbury. Illus.,
12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 287. Macmillan & Co. $1.50.
The Wise Woman. By Clara Louise Burnham. 12mo,
pp. 430. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
Fathers and Children. By Ivan Turgenev ; trans. by Con-
stance Garnett. 16mo, gilt top, pp. 359. Macmillan &
Co. $1.25.
College Girls. By Abbe Carter Goodloe. Ilus., 12mo, pp.
288. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
Scylla or Charybdis ? By Rhoda Broughton, author of
"Nancy.” 12mo, pp. 272. D. Appleton & Co. $1.
The History and Life of Colonel Jaque. By Daniel De-
foe; edited by George A. Aitken. In 2 vols., illus., 16mo,
gilt tops, uncut. Macmillan & Co. $2.
Katharine Lauderdale. By F. Marion Crawford, author
of “Saracinesca." 12mo, pp. 500. Macmillan & Co. $1.
The Village Watch - Tower. By Kate Douglas Wiggin.
12mo, pp. 218. Houghton, Miffin & Co. $1.
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224
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226
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1895.]
227
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KATHERINE'S YESTERDAY AND OTHER STORIES.
the Public Library of the city of Boston. Price, $1.25.
By GRACE LIVINGSTONE HILL. A collection of bright and helpful Chris-
All the above are large quartos, 9 1-2 x 12.
tian Endeavor stories by one of the most popular Christian Endeavor
writers. 1 vol. 12mo, $1.50.
Handsomely bound.
THE YOUNG CASCARILLERO.
A Story of South American Forests, by MARL-DOWNING; “COLONEL
THORNDIKE'S ADVENTURES," the experiences of a globe trot-
ter, by HARRY W. FRENCH. Two stories of adventure in strange
Drawings by C. D. Gibson.
lands and among strange people, dramatically told and healthfully
exciting. Fully illustrated, 12mo, $1.00.
A wonderful collection of drawings and cartoons by this
THE WEDDING DAY BOOK.
well - known artist. Large folio, 12 x 18 inches.
Edited by KATHERINE LEE BATES. A dainty and most acceptable bridal Price, $5.00 each.
gift, revised and enlarged by the editor, the professor of English
literature at Wellesley College. Beautifully bound in white and gold
and illustrated by copies of famous wedding-day pictures. An ideal
wedding present. Small 4to, $2.00.
Our new catalogue with wholesale prices, and attractive post-
Other books of equal merit and attractiveness are also in preparation ers for the above publications and other new books, sent free to
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A new and revised descriptive Catalogue of all the Lothrop Publish-
ing Company's publications is now ready, and will be mailed free on
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LOTHROP PUBLISHING CO.,
92 Pearl St. (cor. High St.), BOSTON, MA
33 Rose Street, New YORK.


228
(Oct. 16, 1895.
THE DIAL
HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO'S NEW BOOKS
Beautiful and Important Books. .
Fiction.
THE
RIVERSIDE
BURROUGHS.
AUSTIN.
JAMESON.
66
STEDMAN.
66
BROWNING.
WORKS OF JOHN BURROUGHS.
A SINGULAR LIFE.
A very carefully revised edition of Mr. Burroughs's writ- By ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS, author
ings, in nine beautiful volumes. Printed on cream-tinted
of “The Gates Ajar," etc. 16mo,
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cance, depicting the heroic career of a singu-
larly conscientious minister among fishermen,
STANDISH OF STANDISH.
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By JANE G. AUSTIN. With twenty exquisite full-page A GENTLEMAN VAGABOND,
illustrations by F. T. MERRILL. Carefully printed and
And Some Others. By F. HOPKINSON
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SMITH, author of "Colonel Carter
The most popular of Mrs. Austin's historical novels of the of Cartersville, 'A Day at La-
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to the Pilgrims and their times.
A book of short stories by a man who always
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MRS. JAMESON'S WORKS ON ART.
who tells them wonderfully well.
In five volumes, crown 8vo, finely printed from entirely new
THE LIFE OF NANCY.
plates. With nearly one hundred illustrations to each vol-
ume, and portrait of Mrs. Jameson, and biographical sketch By SARAH ORNE JEWETT, author of
by Miss ESTELLE M. HURLL, editor of the volumes. Price, * Deephaven," "A Native of Winby,"
$3.00 each ; $15.00 the set.
etc. 16'mo, $1.25.
A book of short stories as good as Miss
A VICTORIAN ANTHOLOGY.
Jewett has ver written, and who has written
better?
Representative Poems by the authors discussed in “ Vic-
torian Poets." Selected and edited by E. C. STEDMAN. THE VILLAGE WATCH-
With brief biographies of the authors, a fine portrait of
TOWER.
Queen Victoria, and a vignette of the Poets' Corner in By Mrs. WIGGIN, author of “The
Westminster Abbey. Large crown 8vo, $2.50; full gilt, $3. Birds' Christmas Carol," eto. 16mo,
Large Paper Edition, limited to 250 copies printed on $1.00.
paper of the best quality. Two volumes. 8vo, $10.00 net. Several short stories containing admirable
studies of New England village life - bright,
ROBERT BROWNING'S COMPLETE PO- witty, extremely readable.
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THE WISE WOMAN.
In the Cambridge Edition, like the Cambridge Editions of
By Mrs. BURNHAM, author of “Sweet
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notes, a new portrait, and vignette of " Asolo." A wonder-
etc. 16mo, $1.25.
ful piece of book-making, that compresses all of Browning The aim of this charming story is to pro-
into a single volume, printed from clear type, on firm opaque mote a more sincere social life.
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THE COMING OF THEODORA.
COMPLETE POETIC WORKS OF OLIVER By ELIZA ORNE WHITE, author of
WENDELL HOLMES.
Winterborough," When Molly
In Cambridge Edition. Printed from large type, on opaque
Was Six." 16mo, $1.25.
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and the narrative fresh and attractive.
THE LAST POEMS OF JAMES RUSSELL
CLARENCE.
LOWELL.
By BRET HARTE. 16mo, $1.25.
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By BRET HARTE, 16mo, $1.25.
LATER LYRICS.
" Clarence
" is a story of war time, and in-
troduces President Lincoln. “In a Hollow of
Selected from the four latest volumes of poetry by THOMAS
the Hills" is a story of far Western life, in
BAILEY ALDRICH. A gem of a book like Mr. Aldrich's
which figure robbers, a mysterious lady, a
XXXVI. Lyrics and XII. Sonnets, and Friar Jerome's lonely young girl. The incidents are highly
Beautiful Book. 18mo, parchment cover, $1.00.
dramatic, and the story is told as only Bret
Harte can tell such a story.
FRAIL CHILDREN OF THE AIR.
THE MYSTERY OF WITCH-
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FACE MOUNTAIN.
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thor of "The Prophet of the Great
Smoky Mountains, etc. 16mo, $1.25.
TOWNSEND HARRIS, FIRST AMERICAN
A book of several powerful stories of the
ENVOY IN JAPAN.
region and characters which Miss Murfree
knows so well and plays so effectively.
By WILLIAM E. GRIFFIS, D.D., who has incorporated in
his book copious extracts from Mr. Harris's journal while A QUESTION OF FAITH.
Envoy to Japan, and produced a book which fills the gap in By Lily DOUGALL, author of “ Beggars
Japanese books between Commodore Perry's work and the All," etc. 16mo, $1.25.
treaties made afterward by Japan with the United States An English story, which a religious specula-
and European nations. With portrait. Crown 8vo, $2.00. tion makes very interesting.
HOLMES.
LOWELL.
ALDRICH.
SCUDDER.
GRIFFIS.
The above works are for sale by all booksellers, or will be mailed by the publishers, postage prepaid, on receipt of the price.
HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., BOSTON.
THE DIAL PRESS, CHICAGO.


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Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.


230
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
THE CENTURY FOR NOVEMBER,
Ready Friday, November 1st, will be
AN ANNIVERSARY NUMBER,
Celebrating the beginning of the fifty-first volume of THE CENTURY MAGAZINE. It will contain a
brilliant table of contents, including a great number of illustrations, with a figure from Titian's “Sacred
and Profane Love," engraved by Cole, as a frontispiece; articles on “ The Issues of 1896,” the Repub-
lican view by Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, and the Democratic view by Ex-Gov. William E. Russell, of
Massachusetts ; a richly illustrated paper on “Mural Decoration in America,” with illustrations from
decorations by John La Farge, John S. Sargent, Edwin A. Abbey, Edward Simmons, and Thomas W.
Dewing; an article on “The Armenian Question,” by the Hon. James Bryce; a sketch of the life of
the famous painter Vibert, contributed by himself; a story by Bret Harte; an interesting sociological
study by W. D. Howells; etc., etc. The number will also contain the first instalment of
“Sir George Tressady,” Mrs. Humphry Ward,
Author of " Robert Elsmere,” “ Marcella,” etc.
The scene of this story, upon which Mrs. Ward has been engaged for the last two years, is laid in
the England of to-day, the world to which the readers will be introduced being partly industrial and
partly that of the English country-house. All serial rights to this story for America and England
have been secured by THE CENTURY, and “Sir George Tressady” will be the leading feature in fiction
for the twelve months of the magazine beginning with November, 1895.
The leading historical feature for the year will continue to be Professor Sloane's “Napoleon,"
which with November reaches the establishment of the Empire and begins the story of
NAPOLEON I., EMPEROR OF THE FRENCH.
This biography is considered “A masterpiece of historical literature”; “The best biography of
the great Frenchman yet issued”; “The ablest of all histories of this remarkable character ”; “A
tremendous popular success ”; “ The literary event of the season.”
OTHER IMPORTANT FEATURES
Of THE CENTURY to appear during the coming year include novelettes by W. D. Howells, F. Hop-
kinson Smith, Mary Hallock Foote, and Amelia E. Barr; contributions from Mark Twain
and Rudyard Kipling; a series of articles on the great naval engagements of Nelson, by Captain
Alfred T. Mahan, author of “Influence of Sea Power upon History"; three brilliant articles on
Rome, contributed by Marion Crawford, and superbly illustrated by Castaigne; a series of articles
by George Kennan, author of “Siberia and the Exile System,” on the Mountains and the Moun-
taineers of the Eastern Caucasus, describing a little-known people; articles by Henry M. Stanley
and E. J. Glave on Africa; a series of papers on “The Administration of the Cities of the United
States,” by Dr. Albert Shaw. THE CENTURY will also contain during the year a great number of
papers on art subjects, richly illustrated. Many of its important contributions, now in preparation,
will be announced later.
THE NEW VOLUME begins with the November number. Subscription price, $4.00 a year. For $5.00
new subscribers can have a year's subscription beginning with November, 1895, and all the numbers of the past
year from November, 1894, the beginning of Professor Sloane's great Life of Napoleon. All dealers take sub-
scriptions, or remittance may be made by check, draft, postal or express order, or in registered letter to the
publishers,
The Century Co., Union Square, New York.


1895.]
231
THE DIAL
ST. NICHOLAS FOR YOUNG FOLKS
Conducted by Mary Mapes Dodge.
THE
HE twenty-third year of St. NICHOLAS begins with the number for November, 1895. This famous
magazine, recognized alike in England and America as “the king of all periodicals for girls and
boys,” will offer to its readers an unexampled programme in the coming volume. “No cultivated
home where there are young people is complete without it.” The twelve monthly numbers contain a
thousand pages, illustrated with a thousand pictures. The spirit of St. NICHOLAS cannot be given in
a prospectus, but the following will give some idea of
THE PROGRAMME FOR 1896.
.
« THE SWORDMAKER'S SON.”
A Serial Story of Boy Life in A. D. 30, by W. 0. Stoddard.
The young hero is the son of a Jewish swordmaker. His life is crowded with stirring experiences, including
an active participation in the very founding of Christianity.
" THE PRIZE CUP."
“ SINDBAD, SMITH & CO.”
A Serial Story by J. T. TROWBRIDGE.
By the Author of “Chris and the Wonderful Lamp."
The story of a prize won in a contest of athletics, An adaptation of the “ Arabian Nights,” — Sindbad
and how it affected the fortunes of three boys. the Sailor in partnership with an American boy.
LETTERS TO A BOY, BY ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON.
Readers of St. NICHOLAS will have a treat before them in the letters written by Mr. Stevenson to a boy
and to other young friends of his, graphically describing incidents in the life of the famous author in his
Samoan home. The letters will be fully illustrated.
RUDYARD KIPLING,
JAMES WHITCOMB RILEY,
Whose first Jungle Stories were contributed to St. The Hoosier poet, will gather the young folks about
NICHOLAS, at the suggestion of its editor, will write him and will give them one of his finest productions,
for the magazine during the coming year.
« The Dream-March of the Children.”
THE ROMANTIC HISTORY OF MARCO POLO, BY NOAH BROOKS.
The author of “The Boy Emigrants ” will give St. NICHOLAS readers the true story of the great Venetian
traveller, who, in 1271, set forth to visit the unknown parts of Asia.
SARAH ORNE JEWETT
MRS. BURTON HARRISON
Will contribute “ Betty Leicester's English Christ- Has written a story which will be an eye-opener to
mas," a three-part story for girls.
many young folk of to-day.
John Burroughs, George Parsons Lathrop, Tudor Jenks, and Laurence Hutton
are among the other well-known writers whose work will appear during 1896.
TALKS WITH CHILDREN ABOUT THEMSELVES.
Telling children in the simplest language about their limbs, their lungs, their brains, and their stomachs,
in order that they may be able to take intelligent care of themselves.
STORIES OF THE NAVY.
Ensign Ellicott and other naval officers will contribute several admirable sketches of life aboard war-ships,
describing the guns and armor of the navy, summer cruises of the naval cadets, etc.
A Thousand Dollars in Prizes!
Work, play, and prizes are to be promised in the new volume. The manage-
ment will offer a thousand dollars in brand-new one-dollar bills, the competition
open to all St. Nicholas subscribers and readers not over sixteen years of age.
The new volume begins with November, 1895. December is the great
Christmas issue. A year's subscription costs $3.00, and remittance may be
mado by check, draft, money or express order. All dealers and the publishers
take subscriptions.
THE CENTURY CO.,
Union Square, New York,


232
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO'S NEW BOOKS
Capital Short Stories.
A GENTLEMAN VAGABOND,
AND SOME OTHERS.
By F. HOPKINSON SMITH, author of “ Colonel Carter of Cartersville," “A
Day at Laguerre's," etc. 16mo, $1.25.
This book contains the following stories : A Gentleman Vagabond ; A Knight
of the Legion of Honor ; John Sanders, Laborer; Bäader; The Lady of Lucerne ;
Jonathan; Along the Bronx; Another Dog; Brockway's Hulk. They are thor-
oughly interesting stories, told in the most entertaining manner, as all will readily
believe who have read Mr. Smith's other books.
Large Paper Edition, limited to 250 copies, printed from type of attractive face,
on fine imported hand-made paper, and is a volume which book-lovers will appre-
ciate. $3.00 net.
A Notable Political Work.
RECONSTRUCTION DURING THE
CIVIL WAR
IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
By EBEN GREENOUGH Scott. Large crown 8vo, $2.00.
This important work discusses many of the questions raised by the War for the
Union and its successful issue. They are questions which statesmen and political
philosophers had not before had occasion seriously to consider; but in the light of
our great experiment they have a profound interest, and Mr. Scott has treated them
with marked ability. It is a work of wide research and patient investigation of
principles of government; and it is quite sure to command the attention of students
of history and of politics.
The Flower of Modern British Poetry.
A VICTORIAN ANTHOLOGY.
Selections illustrating the Editor's crit-
ical review of British poetry in the
reign of Victoria ["Victorian Poets”].
Selected and edited by EDMUND CLAR-
ENCE STEDMAN. With brief biog-
raphies of the authors quoted, a fine
frontispiece portrait of Queen Vic-
toria, and a Vignette of the Poets'
Corner in Westminster Abbey. Large
crown 8vo, bound in attractive library
style, $2.50; full gilt, $3.00; half calf,
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Edition, limited to 250 copies, printed
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8vo, $10.00 net.
Mr. Stedman has availed himself of the vast
range and richness of the field of poetry in
Great Britain during the last sixty years to
prepare a book of rare value and attractive-
ness. It is a companion volume to his critical
work on “Victorian Poets." Mr. Stedman has
devoted to this work the same conscientious
care which he bestows on his original volumes.
The book is typographically beautiful, is
printed on the best paper, and bound in a very
attractive style.
A Notable Art Work.
MRS. JAMESON'S WORKS
ON ART.
SACRED AND LEGENDARY ART. 2 vols.
LEGENDS OF THE MONASTIC ORDERS.
LEGENDS OF THE MADONNA.
MEMOIRS OF THE EARLY ITALIAN
PAINTERS.
Edited by Miss ESTELLE M. HURLL,
with a Memoir and Portrait of Mrs.
Jameson. This will form a very beau-
tiful and desirable edition of Mrs.
Jameson's Art Works. 5 vols. Oc-
tavo, bound in simple but artistic
style. Each volume contains nearly
100 Illustrations, selected from the
works of great masters. The first two
volumes are now ready. $3.00 each.
Coleridge's Note-Books.
ANIMA POETÆ.
Selections from the unpublished Note-
Books of SAMUEL TAYLOR COLE-
RIDGE. Edited by ERNEST HARTLEY
COLERIDGE. 1 vol. 8vo, uniform
with Coleridge's Letters, $2.50.
A book in general character like Coleridge's
famous " Table Talk." The topics treated or
touched upon are varied, and all are marked
by that affluence of intellectual light, that free
play of imagination, and the literary charm
which belong to Coleridge.
For Girls of Ten.
LITTLE MISS PHEBE GAY.
By HELEN DAWES BROWN, author of
“The Petrie Estate," etc. With col-
ored cover design and other illustra-
tions. 16mo, $1.00.
A charming companion book to Miss White's
“When Molly Was Six," but intended for girls
of ten years or thereabouts.
A Delightful Travel Book.
THIS GOODLY FRAME, THE EARTH.
Stray Impressions of Scenes, Incidents, and Persons in a Journey touching
Japan, China, Egypt, Palestine, and Greece. By FRANCIS TIFFANY,
author of " The Life of Dorothea Lynde Dix,” « Life of Charles Francis
Barnard,” etc. 1 vol. Crown 8vo, $1.50.
Readers are to be congratulated on this book, for the impressions made on a
mind so intelligent as Mr. Tiffany's, a nature so sensitive and sympathetic, cannot
fail to possess unusual value. His book is apart from, and distinctly above, ordin-
ary books of travel ; and it is written with so much sprightliness and humor, that
the reading of it cannot fail to be a delight.
Charming Poems for Young Folks.
IN THE YOUNG WORLD.
By Edith M. THOMAS, author of " Lyrics and Sonnets," “ In Sunshine
Land," etc. Crown 8vo, $1.50.
Miss Thomas possesses in a rare degree the power of interesting youthful readers
in poems which are so finely imaginative and so lyrical in expression as to give them
unquestioned rank as poetry. The book has sufficient variety, no little humor, a
delightful freshness, and ought to find a large audience.
“Uncle Remus" Again.
MR. RABBIT AT HOME.
A Sequel to “ Little Mr. Thimblefinger and his Queer Country.” By JOEL
CHANDLER HARRIS, author of the “Uncle Remus " books. With 25
illustrations by OLIVER HERFORD. Square 8vo, $2.00.
With Mr. Harris to tell stories and Mr. Herford to illustrate them, an irresist-
ible and most delightful result is assured.
The above works are for sale by all booksellers, or will be mailed by the publishers, postage prepaid, on receipt of the price.
HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., BOSTON.


1895.]
233
THE DIAL
ROBERTS LATEST BOOKS.
· Thomas Nelson & Sons'
NEW BOOKS, FALL, 1895.
HISTORY OF THE PEOPLE OF ISRAEL.
By ERNEST RENAN. Vol. V., Period of Jewish Independ-
ence and Judea under Roman Rule. With an index to the
five volumes. 8vo, cloth, $2.50.
MY SISTER HENRIETTA.
By ERNEST RENAN. Translated by ABBEY LANGDON AL-
GER. With 7 illustrations by HENRI SCHEFFER and ARY
RENAN. 12mo, cloth, $1.25.
"No more perfect tribute of brother to sister was ever written."-
Evangelist.
MOLIERE'S DRAMATIC WORKS.
Translated by KATHARINE PRESCOTT WORMELEY. Vol. IV.
L'Avare;
Don Juan; Les Fâcheux, 12mo, leather backs,
$1.50.
“Miss Wormeley has done the greatest service by her clear, idiomatic
translation."- Atlantic Monthly.
THE MARRIAGE CONTRACT.
A START IN LIFE.
By HONORE DE BALZAC. Translated by Miss K. P. WORM-
ELEY. Two volumes. 12mo, half Russia, $1.50.
ALL MEN ARE LIARS.
A Novel. By JOSEPH HOCKING, author of "The Monk of
12mo, cloth, $1.50.
"A thoughtful study of the forces which go to make up English life
to-day."
FROM DREAMLAND SENT.
A Volume of Poems. By LILIAN WAITING, author of "The
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[Nov. 1,
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235
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66
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236
[Nov. 1, 1895.
THE DIAL
D. APPLETON & Co.'s NEW BOOKS.
&
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF SELBORNE,
And Observations on Nature. By GILBERT WHITE. With
an Introduction by John BURROUGHS, 80 Illustrations by
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In order to present a satisfactory and final edition of this classic of
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tures of the actual scenes amid which White's life was passed. The
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lery of pictures of unspoiled English rural life. This new edition can
not be neglected by anyone who cares for Nature or for the classics of
English literature.
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF NUMBER,
And its Applications to Methods of Teaching Arithmetic. By
JAMES A. McLELLAN, A.M., LL.D., Principal of the On-
tario School of Pedagogy, Toronto, and JOHN DEWEY,
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his mind and arresting its development, if bad methods are used. The
authors of this book have presented in an admirable manner the psy.
chological view of number, and shown its applications to the correct
methods of teaching the several arithmetical processes.
UNCLE REMUS.
His Songs and his Sayings. By JOEL CHANDLER HARRIS.
New and revised edition, with 112 Illustrations by A. B.
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THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGB
.
.
.
.
.
No. 225. NOVEMBER 1, 1895. Vol. XIX.
THE VICTORIAN GARDEN OF SONG.
It is always difficult to fix the limits of a
CONTENTS.
literary period. Such terms as the Age of
Pericles, the Augustan Age (Roman or En-
THE VICTORIAN GARDEN OF SONG .
237 glish), and the Elizabethan Age stand, indeed,
for fairly definite concepts; we recognize the
THE REAL AND THE IDEAL- A HINT FROM
fact that a certain unity of spirit and aspira-
NATURE. John Burroughs . .
239
tion in the writers who made them famous jus-
MONA LISA (Poem). W. P. Trent.
240 tifies their employment as counters in the game
COMMUNICATIONS
240
of literary history; yet scientific precision of
The Decadent “Thomson." W. H. Johnson.
statement is obviously out of the question where
A Card from "Thomson's" Biographer. W. P. they are concerned. We are reminded, some-
Reeves.
how, of the decorative swirl wherewith, in Mr.
Vedder's designs for the quatrains of Omar,
MORE BOOKS ABOUT LINCOLN. E. G. J.. .. 241
we find symbolized the convergence of all the
Brooks's Washington in Lincoln's Time. - Lamon's
Recollections of Abraham Lincoln.— Chittenden's
forces and influences that meet in the hour of
Abraham Lincoln's Speeches. – Ward's Abraham our conscious existence, only to diverge once
Lincoln.
more from that focus, that they may enter into
LEAVES FROM COLERIDGE'S NOTE - BOOKS.
other and we know not what combinations,
Tuley Francis Huntington
244 Thus it is with the Victorian Age in our liter.
ature: we know that it has been the outcome
THE PROGRESS OF GLACIAL GEOLOGY. Rollin
D. Salisbury
of the past; we know, likewise, that its scat-
246
tered elements will enter into the spiritual syn-
ANOTHER SHORT HISTORY OF ENGLAND.
thesis of the future; but to us, whose lives
James Westfall Thompson .
250
have been shaped by its ideals, the immediate
A NEW ARCTIC BOOK. Hiram M. Stanley 253 fact of its nearness to us is all-important, and
the impulse to regard it as a concrete is well-
RECENT ENGLISH NOVELS. William Morton
Payne .
254
nigh irresistible.
“Maarten Maartens'" My Lady Nobody.-Mallock's
When Mr. Stedman published his “ Victo-
The Heart of Life.-Hichens's An Imaginative Man. rian Poets," in 1875, he brought abundant and
- Haggard's Joan Haste. — Gissing's The Emanci- convincing logic to the support of the faith
pated.—“Tasma's" Not Counting the Cost.- Bar-
that was in us of the belief that we were near-
rett's A Set of Rogues. — Fletcher's When Charles
ing the close of a literary epoch as well-marked
the First Was King. — Doyle's The Stark - Munro
Letters.-Weyman's From the Memoirs of a Minister and as distinctly characterized as any that had
of France.
preceded it in our history. Now, at a date
twenty years removed, the same skilful hand
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
256
Glimpses of Old Japan. - The Japan of to-day.-
gives us a “ Victorian Anthology” which con-
Mogul Emperors of Hindustan. - French royalty in
firms the earlier impression, and leaves us with
the days of the Second Empire. - An apologist for a deepened sense of the richness in poetical
Napoleon III. – The last voyages of Napoleon. — material and inspiration of the period in which
Syrian history, archæology, and travels. — Sheridan
our fortunate lot has been cast. That the end
as a "Great Commander."- Lord Nelson's career
and character.
has been now reached is by no means certain,
and the transition to the poetry of the coming
BRIEFER MENTION
260
century will, no doubt, be made easy by many
LITERARY NOTES
connecting links of melodious utterance, just
as the poetry of Wordsworth and Landor did
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS
262
much to save from abruptness the passage
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
262: from the glorious period of Shelley, Keats,
.
.
.
.
-
-
.
.
.
• 260


238
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
and Coleridge, to the no less glorious period biography had just turned the forties, must still
of Tennyson, Browning, and Mr. Swinburne. be remembered by him as an annus mirabilis,
Yet the signs of a closing epoch are, on the for it brought the “Poems” of Arnold, Ten-
whole, clearer in 1895 than they were twentynyson's "Maud," and the “Men and Women "
years ago, and Mr. Stedman's prognostica- of Browning.
tion has not been flouted by the emergence of Some ten years were to elapse before another
any new and distinctive poetical force. It was sensation of the first class was possible. The
made at a time when six great poets of English first series of Mr. Swinburne's “ Poems and
speech wore the laurel upon living brows; Ballads " appeared in 1866, and even our hypo-
since it was made, four of the six have gone thetical octogenarian, who then had a half cen-
“where Orpheus and where Homer are," and tury to his credit
, would probably subscribe to
no new altar-fires have sprung up to dim the the opinion of Mr. Saintsbury (a much younger
light of the two singers who still happily re- man), when he says: “I do not suppose that
main with us. We cannot, in the nature of anybody now alive (I speak of lovers of poetry)
things, hope for an extension of the Victorian who was not alive in 1832 and old enough then
name far over the years to come, and no twen- to enjoy the first perfect work of Tennyson,
tieth century compiler of a Victorian anthol- has had such a sensation as that which was ex-
ogy will be likely much to exceed the scope of perienced in the autumn of 1866 by readers of
Mr. Stedman's collection.
Mr. Swinburne's · Poems and Ballads.' And
The octogenarian of to-day whose years have I am sure that no one in England has had any
run parallel with those of England's Queen, such sensation since.”
such sensation since.” Our reader may, how-
and who has been all his life a lover of poetry, ever, have been in a measure prepared for the
has had many things for which to be thankful, experience by getting hold of the “ Atalanta"
many sensations of the rarer and more exqui- in 1864, of the “Chastelard” in 1865, and
site sort. To such a person, coming to man- even of “The Queen Mother” and “Rosa-
hood, let us say, in the very year of the Queen's mond” in 1861. He may also have recognized
accession, the deaths of Shelley and Keats were the possibilities of still another poet, who put
but childish memories, while the deaths of Scott forth “ The Defence of Guenevere " as early as
and Coleridge doubtless seemed to ring the 1858. At all events, he can have had no doubt
knell of creative poetry. Yet he may have of the appearance of a fifth great Victorian poet
been old enough to be captivated by the first when the year 1867 brought “ The Life and
poems of Tennyson, and to detect in them the Death of Jason,” and the following year the
new note which even then set the key in which beginnings of “The Earthly Paradise.” En
the swelling harmonies of the coming age were gland might now proudly boast of five great
destined to be scored. Possibly, also, he may poets among the living ; would there be a sixth ?
have strayed, at the verge of manhood, upon The question was soon answered. It was in
“Pauline" and " Paracelsus," and wondered at 1870 that the friends of Rossetti persuaded
their strange cadences and virile strength. His him to exhume the manuscript collection of
first genuine sensation, however, must have verse that had, in a passion of unassuageable
been delayed until 1842, when the possibilities grief, been consigned to the grave with the
of Tennyson's genius were first fully revealed. body of his wife, and to give it to the world.
The middle of the century found our lover of The publication of this volume gave to our lover
song in possession of “The Princess ” and In of poetry the last distinctive sensation that he
Memoriam," and of a series of Browning vol- was to know. The quarter-century that has
umes numerous and distinctive enough to put elapsed since 1870 has brought him no exper-
beyond question the fact that this poet also ience comparable with this, and his pleasures
must be reckoned with. If, moreover, he had have been limited to the retrospective enjoy-
lent an attentive ear to the new voices about ment of a rich past, and delight in the later
him, he could not have failed to be impressed
be impressed productions of the six great poets whose fame
by the quality of a thin volume, published in was so long ago so surely established.
1848, and entitled “ The Strayed Reveller and Mr. Stedman's “ Victorian Anthology” fills
Other Poems.” At least, the appearance of six hundred and seventy-six compact double-
“ Empedocles on Etna and Other Poems,” in columned pages, eighty-seven of which are do
1853, must have made it clear that a third great voted to the six Victorian master singers. No
poet had arisen in Victorian England. The other poets are illustrated at similar length,
year 1855, when the subject of our imaginary with the exception of Landor, who stands in


1895.]
239
THE DIAL
of
tro
the forefront of the epoch, and, more than any
THE REAL AND THE IDEAL.
other poet, serves to link it with the age
Shelley. Examples are given us of no less
A HINT FROM NATURE.
than three hundred and forty-three poets, To Walter Pater's question, "Is poetry, the lit-
thirty-six of whom belong to Australasia and
erary beauty, the poetical ideal, always but a bor-
Canada. The three hundred and seven En. rowed light upon man's actual life?” I think an
glish (as distinguished from Colonial) poets affirmative answer must be given. The poetry is
are grouped in three great divisions, corre-
from within ; it is the light that never was upon sea
sponding to the beginning, the middle, and or land; and this light is upon the past more than
the close of the reign. In each of these divi-
upon the present. The present moment is always
sions, subdivisions are formed, and the fine
prosy and commonplace. The grandeur and sig-
critical sense of the editor is displayed in the from us. Hence to wed poetry and modernity is
nificance of our own day are very apt to be hidden
felicitous names that he has given to these always a difficult task. It is easier to charm us with
lesser groups. Nothing could be happier, for the imaginary than with the real. I think un-
example, than to classify Barham, Maginn, doubtedly Hawthorne had an easier task than has
and Mahony as “The Roisterers"; Barnes, Mr. Howells, Balzac than Zola. The latter is some-
Waugh, and Laycock under the style of “The times overpowered and hampered by the reality -
Oaten Flute,” or Locker-Lampson, Calverley,
as in “ Lourdes."
and Sir Frederick Pollock as writers of Ele- All true art is interpretative. The great realist,
gantiæ.” This carefully-considered classifica- like Tolstoi, interprets life. If he were merely to
tion is in itself a great help to the student,
copy it, we should tire even of him. To interpret
and often suggests affinities that would other-
it is not to improve upon it; it is to draw it out, set
wise be likely to escape his notice. Nothing and as a whole. The true historian interprets his-
it off, and make us see it through a new medium
is lacking to make this great anthology all
tory, shows us what probably the actors themselves
that could be desired. Besides the features did not know. The value of
any
writer's or artist's
of the work that have already been mentioned, interpretation of life is in proportion as it is vivid
there is such an introductory essay as Mr. and large and true. Did not Carlyle interpret
Stedman alone could write, a section devoted
Cromwell to his countrymen? In art, facts are to
to biographical notes, and indexes of first lines, be digested, made fluid, and informed with life.
titles, and poets. By way of adornment, to
In science, they are to be left as facts. If I go out
say nothing of such unfailingly tasteful me-
and name every bird I see, and describe its color
chanical features as we have learned to expect reader is not interested.
and ways — give a lot of facts about the bird — my
But if I relate the bird
from Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin, & Company, in some way to human life, to my own life, show
the book has two appropriate illustrations in what it is to me and what it is in the landscape or
photogravure — the “Poet's Corner" in the
the season, speak of it in terms of general human
Abbey where so many of England's poets lie experience, then is the reader interested. Only so
buried, and the Queen whose name will always do I give him a live bird. To cast an air of ro-
be as firmly associated with that of Tennysonmance, of adventure, of the new and untried, over
as the name of Elizabeth is associated with
common facts and common life-to infuse the ideal
into the real — that is the secret.
that of Shakespeare. No less noticeable than
the fine critical taste displayed by Mr. Sted-
The best analogy I know of in Nature of the re-
lation of the artist to his environment is furnished
man in making his selections is the conscien-
tiousness which has gone into every detail of
by the honey-bee. The bee is both realist and ideal-
ist.
his work. It would be difficult to imagine a
Her product reflects her environment, and it
reflects that which her environment knows not of.
better-made anthology, or one more likely to Most persons think the bee gets her honey from the
take a permanent place among standard works flowers. But she does not; honey is the product
of reference. It belongs to the small class of the bee it is the nectar of the flower with the
which includes Mr. Humphry Ward's “En- bee added. What the bee gets from the flower is
glish Poets” and Professor Palgrave's “Golden sweet water; this she brings home in her honey
Treasury,” and hardly any other collections of bag: she meditates upon it as it were ; she puts it
English verse. We may well be proud as a
through a process of her own; she reduces the wa-
nation that such a work for English poetry by her own body. It is this minute drop which
ter and adds a minute drop of formic acid, secreted
should have been left for an American to per-
gives honey its delicious sting, like the works of
form. The book is one that will prove simply genius, and makes it differ from all other sweets in
indispensable to students of poetry and culti- the world.
vated readers alike.
Nothing is better, nothing is more indispensable
be


240
(Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
9
.
in a novel or other imaginative work, than local
COMMUNICATIONS.
color, local flavor, the atmosphere of the time and
place; but these things must all have been supple-
THE DECADENT “THOMSON."
mented, and in a measure changed, by the genius
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
of the artist. We shall detect New York, or New
Since reading THE DIAL of October 1, I have been
England, or California, or the South, in his work,
racking my brains for a satisfactory estimate of “ Thom-
only as we detect the local flora in the product of son,” the decadent scholar; but with no adequate results.
the bee. The honey of Hymettus is not like that One feels a slight uncertainty whether his biographer
of Pentelicon; the honey of California is not like that really intends him to be taken seriously. There is an
of Michigan or Florida, yet all kinds agree in being indescribable air about the story which is not inconsist-
honey and not merely nectar. You can taste the
ent with the theory that the writer holds a “retainer
Aowers in each one of them -the clover, the orange
from that commanding portion of the American public
which is represented as in deadly hostility to the “un-
blossom, the thyme, the linden, the sumac; but to
the nectar of each the bee has imparted her own
bias” (here my dictionary is left behind) of the Ger-
man university
peculiar and transforming quality.
But granted that he wishes “ Thomson " to be taken
A recent London writer argues against realism seriously: is the fate of the latter, after all, of such a
in fiction, because, he says, “ In human life there nature as to claim any large amount of our sympathy,
are no facts.
Life is in
the
eye
of the observer. at a time when the Cubans and Armenians and Vene-
The humor or the pity of it belongs entirely to the
zuelans have so nearly exhausted that emotion in the
spectator, and depends upon the gift of vision he
American breast? One might easily lash himself into
brings.” Still there are facts in lifefacts of race,
indignation, like Homer's lion, at the thought of such a
of country, of time, of conditions; and the work
genius as “ Thomson," compelled, in a college “narrow
and closely sectarian,” to teach Presbyterian Physics, or
of the true realist reflects them. New England life,
the Baptist theory of Taxation, or Methodist Chemistry,
old England life, life in Texas or Iowa or Massa- or any of the other well-known requirements of our
chusetts,—here are facts that must modify the work sectarian schools ; but the troublesome question will
of the novelist who finds the materials of his story come to the front, Did not Thomson fall too easily?
in any of these countries.
Since when has it been absolutely necessary to the in-
One might as well say there are no facts in Na- tegrity of a great man's devotion to Truth that he be
ture-no facts anywhere. True, all depends upon
furnished with a good professorship, a regular salary,
the eye that sees, upon its interpretative power;
and an ample supply of “elbow-room ”? Why should
but the facts — the types, the conditions -must be
a few years of unappreciated endeavor have made the
descent into the Avernian regions of learned decadence
there to start with. We do not want a barren real-
so easy? Why was the brain of this all too faithless
ism, as I suspect we sometimes get in Zola ; we do devotee to truth fired by no prophetic vision of
not want merely the raw sweet water of the facts :
"Seven cities claiming Thomson dead,
we want soul and personality added; we want the Through which the living Thomson begged his bread ?"
amber liquid with the delicious sting in which the No, men of “ Thomson's ” fibre will not do. In mak-
nectar of fact has been transmuted into something ing up the army of reformers which is to bring light
higher and finer. I suspect that all Mr. Garland where “ignorance and all uncharitableness” have been,
really demands in that suggestive little volume of all such as he must be firmly rejected if the recruiting
his called “Crumbling Idols” is that Western bees
officers are to do their duty. We want no one in the
shall make honey from Western flowers—though he
ranks who is liable to desert when supplies run short.
But, as I said at the start, I am not clear in my own
may err a little in thinking this honey will be better
conceptions as to “Thomson,” and I do not want to go
than any ever made before.
John BURROUGHS.
so far as to accuse him of personal moral turpitude.
I surrender him to the psychiatrist, who may detect
some lesion of the brain ; or to the student of heredity,
who may find that the seeds of his decadence were
MONA LISA.
born in him. In taking leave of him, my mind is in-
clined to settle down into an attitude of thankfulness
What had this woman felt and seen and known, that he was not elevated to any really important edu-
Ere, Lionardo, she was snatch't by thee
cational position before his inevitable tendency to de-
From our gross precincts of mortality
cadence was made manifest.
W. H. JOHNSON.
To that serene and untranscended zone
Where the fair arts abide! Lo, years have flown,
A CARD FROM "THOMSON’S” BIOGRAPHER.
And new lands have been born beyond the sea;
But she remains from perturbation free,
( To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
This woman that hath made all life her own!
I beg leave seriously to assure W. R. K. and “a con-
siderable class of your readers and contributors" that
O glorious face! triumphant over time
the alarming inferences in W.R. K.'s letter (DIAL, Oct.
And chance and change and ignorance and woe, 16) are not, I am relieved to say, based upon a sound
What was the secret talisman sublime
deduction, or upon data which could warrant an induc-
That bore thee up against the common foe,
tion. The feverishness of Thomson's ambition and the
That let thee smile at Death, and, in thy prime, low tone of his opportunity were purposely exaggerated
Look back on youth as on a toy let go ?
to bring out the conflict necessary to such a bit of fiction.
W. P. TRENT.
W. P. REEVES.


1895.]
241
THE DIAL
ton was the focus where all that was peculiar
The New Books.
to the times seemed to gather and concentrate.
There, as perhaps nowhere else in the North,
MORE BOOKS ABOUT LINCOLN.* home-keeping citizens realized the war, its ex-
citements, anxieties, and horrors. For months
Just now there seem to be indications that
the flag of the Union floating over the Capitol
the waning “ Napoleonic revival” is going to
had been challenged by the stars and bars vis-
be followed, in this country at least, by a whole-
ible on the other side of the Potomac; and
some corrective in the shape of a Lincoln re-
vival. Hero-worship is harmless and even prof- colors once more within view from the city
later in the war Early brought the defiant
itable, if only the object of one's cult be wisely walls. Scenes of pathos and pity were not
chosen. Napoleon Bonaparte was as unques- wanting. After the great battles that were
tionably the hero of his epoch, as Satan is the fought near at hand, like Fredericksburg and
hero of Milton's poem; and it is pretty diffi-
Chancellorsville, the way to Washington be-
cult to settle the balance of iniquity between
came a via dolorosa, along which streamed the
them. But Abraham Lincoln was a hero of
dejected tide of fugitives returning from the
another type. The painters of great men, from
front. Says Mr. Brooks :
Plutarch down, bave shown us none worthier
the esteem of a democratic age than the homely daged and limping, ragged and dishevelled, blackened
“They arrived in squads of a hundred or more, ban-
figure whose progress, chiefly through the force with smoke and powder, and drooping with weakness.
of high personal qualities, from the settler's They came groping and faltering, so faint and so long-
cabin to the White House, may well strengthen ing for rest that one's heart bled at the piteous sight.
the faith of those who believe that “govern-
Here and there were men left to make their way as
best they could to the hospitals, and who were leaning
ment of the people, by the people, and for the
on the iron railings or sitting wearily on the curbstones;
people, shall not perish from the earth.” but it was noticeable that all maintained the genuine
None of the volumes before us is or pre- American pluck in the midst of their suffering."
tends to be very critical, or at all exhaustive.
Hardly less moving than the plight of these
Loosely coherent collections, mainly, of per- directer victims of war was that of the anx-
sonal reminiscences, they call for little in the ious-faced strangers from the North who flocked
way of general comment, and may best be
to the city close upon the tidings of the great
allowed, so far as possible, to speak for them- battles, in quest of friends or of news of friends
selves.
who had been at the front. It was easy, says
Mr. Noah Brooks's “ Washington in Lin- the author, " to recognize them by their dis-
coln's Time” is a graphic, if rather fragment- tressed faces, their strangeness in the city, and
ary, volume of pen-sketches of war-time scenes
their inquiries for hospitals or for the shortest
and celebrities, interesting mainly for what the
routes to scenes made celebrated by some life-
author tells us of Mr. Lincoln, whom he saw
destroying fight.” Close to the seat of war, the
often and knew intimately. Mr. Brooks went capital became a city of hospitals, one of the
to Washington in 1862 as a newspaper cor- most unique of which was that improvised in
respondent, and remained there up to John- the Patent Office museum.
The author gives
son's administration ; and he now gives us the an amusing story of a visit he once made to
pith of what he observed and wrote during that this place with Mr. Lincoln. In making the
time. His pictures of the then chaotic condi-
round of the cots they paused beside a badly-
tion of the federal capital are fresh and full of wounded soldier who was apparently nearing
interest. At once the seat of government and the end of his pilgrimage, and to whom a be-
an armed camp on the fringe of battle, con- nevolent lady had just then thoughtfully pre-
stantly menaced by the enemy and the prey of sented a tract.
countless alarms and flying rumors, Washing-
“ After she had gone, the patient picked up with lan-
* WASHINGTON IN LINCOLN'S TIME. By Noah Brooks.
guid hand the leaflet dropped upon his cot, and, glanc-
New York: The Century Co.
ing at the title, began to laugh. When we reached him,
RECOLLECTIONS OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN (1847–1865). By
the President said: “My good fellow, the lady doubt-
Ward Hill Lamon; edited by Dorothy Lamon. With por- less means well, and it is hardly fair for you to laugh
trait. Chicago : A. C. McClurg & Co.
at her gift.' •Well, Mr. President,' said the soldier,
ABRAHAM LINCOLN'S SPEECHES. Compiled by L. E. Chit- how can I help laughing a little ? She has given me
tenden. With portrait. New York : Dodd, Mead & Co. a tract on the Sin of Dancing," and both of my legs
ABRAHAM LINCOLN: Tributes and Reminiscences from his
are shot off.'"
Associates. With Introduction by the Rev. William Hayes
Ward. With portrait. Boston: T. Y. Crowell & Co.
Mr. Lincoln had a great relish for the rough


242
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
a
6
a
the one
said:
wit of the soldiers, and met it cordially enough, “Mr. Secretary, I have known Lamon to be in many
-as in the following encounter with a profane get out of. By Jing! I'll risk him. Go, Lamon, and
a close place, and he has never been in one that he didn't
mule-driver, whose unusually picturesque oaths
God bless you! Bring back a Palmetto branch, if you
had attracted his attention :
can't bring us good news.”
“ Finally Mr. Lincoln, leaning forward, touched the
Mr. Lamon went; and it is needless to say
man on the shoulder, and said: Excuse me, my friend,
are you an Episcopalian?' The man, greatly startled, that it was the palmetto, and not an olive
looked round and replied: «No, Mr. President; I am branch, that he brought back from Charleston.
a Methodist.' "Well,' said Lincoln, I thought you As we have said, the editor of this volume
must be an Episcopalian, because you swear just like
has succeeded in reducing her material to a
Governor Seward, who is a church-warden.' The driver
fairly continuous narrative. It opens with an
swore no more."
Besides his Washington pictures, and stories interesting chapter on Mr. Lamon's early asso-
ciation with Mr. Lincoln, first at Danville,
illustrative of Mr. Lincoln's private life and
character, Mr. Brooks gives a brief account of
then at Bloomington, and on the circuit; and
two war-time National Conventions
thence passes on to the journey from Spring-
at Baltimore, which renominated Lincoln, and
field to Washington, the inauguration, and so
on through the two administrations down to
that at Chicago, which nominated McClellan.
There is a good deal of interspersed political
the assassination, at which time the Marshal
comment and gossip; and while some of Mr.
was journeying to Richmond on probably the
Brooks's stories strike us as being old acquaint-
last passport ever issued by Mr. Lincoln. On
the eve of his departure Mr. Lamon, scenting
ances, the book is entertaining on the whole,
danger, urged the President, in the presence of
and repays reading.
Secretary Usher, to go out as little as possible
A well-edited and fairly continuous_little after nightfall, and on no account to go to the
volume of Lincoln reminiscences is “ Recol-
theatre. Turning to Mr. Usher, Mr. Lincoln
lections of Abraham Lincoln” (1847 – 65),
compiled from various letters, memoranda, and
“ Usher, this boy is a monomaniac on the subject of
published articles of Mr. Ward Hill Lamon,
my safety. I can hear him, or hear of his being around,
by his daughter, Miss Dorothy Lamon. As at all hours of the night, to prevent somebody from
He thinks I shall be killed; and we
Mr. Lamon published, many years ago, a biog- murdering me.
think he is going crazy. What does anyone want to
raphy of Lincoln, it is presumed that these are
additional reminiscences, found among his pa-
assassinate me for? If any one wants to do so, he can
do it any day or night, if he is ready to give his life for
pers. We need scarcely say that Mr. Lamon mine. It is nonsense."
was a competent witness in the premises. He
Three nights later the speaker was shot, at pre-
was for years Mr. Lincoln's law partner and
cisely the place against which he had been
confidential friend ; and when Mr. Lincoln
warned by his Marshal.
went to Washington for his inauguration in
1861 he accompanied him, pursuant to the
Like many men of strictly practical training,
following characteristic summons:
Mr. Lincoln had a strain of superstition in his
nature that contrasted oddly with his common
“ Hill, on the 11th I go to Washington, and I want
you to go along with me. Our friends have already views and practice. The very genius of strong
asked me to send you as Consul to Paris. You know sense and plain dealing in everyday matters,
I would cheerfully give you anything for which our he set great store by dreams and omens, and
friends may ask or which you may desire, but it looks
seems to have long had a presentiment of his
as if we might have war. In that case I want you with
me. In fact I must have you. So get yourself ready coming fate that amounted to certainty. A
and come along. It will be handy to have you around.
singular incident that greatly affected him oc-
If there is to be a fight, I want you to help me do my curred just after his election in 1860.
share of it, as you have done in times past.”
“ It was the double image of himself in a looking-
There was no beating about the diplomatic glass, which he saw while lying on a lounge in his own
bush then, nor was there a month or so later,
chamber at Springfield. There was Abraham Lincoln's
when Mr. Lamon was sent on a pacificatory
face reflecting the full glow of health and hopeful life ;
and in the same mirror, at the same moment, was the
mission to Governor Pickens of South Caro-
face of Abraham Lincoln showing a ghostly paleness.
lina. Secretary Seward opposed the mission On trying the experiment at other times, as confirm-
—which certainly looked risky enough for Mr. atory tests, the illusion reappeared, and then vanished
Lamon, in view of the then disposition of the
as before. . . . To his mind the illusion was a sigo,
Carolinians towards “Lincoln hirelings." The
the life-like image betokening a safe passage through
his first term as President ; the ghostly one, that death
President, however, at once clinched the matter:
would overtake him before the close of the second.”


1895.]
243
THE DIAL
The most startling incident of the kind was a time what he called “the shrieks of locality.”
dream Mr. Lincoln had just before his assassi- Mr. Bryce, we remember, tells how a man,
nation; and however we may interpret the meeting Mr. Lincoln on the streets of Wash-
phenomenon as related to its sequel, the coin- ington and noting with alarm his unusually
cidence was certainly striking enough. De- worried and abstracted look, asked anxiously :
scribing his dream to his wife, who had noted “ What is the matter, Mr. President-has any.
his disturbed appearance, Mr. Lincoln con- thing serious happened at the front?” “No,"
cluded:
replied Mr. Lincoln, wearily, “it is n't the war;
"... Determined to find the cause of a state of it's that post-office at Brownsville, Missouri.”
things so mysterious, I kept on until I arrived at the
Very humorous, if summary, was his disposal
East Room, which I entered. There I met with a
of a delegation that once called on him to solicit
sickening surprise. Before me was a catafalque, on
which rested a corpse wrapped in funeral vestments.
a place as commissioner to the Sandwich Islands
Around it were stationed soldiers who were acting as
for a friend whose chief stated qualification for
guards; and there was a throng of people, some gazing the post was that he was in poor health and
mournfully upon the corpse, whose face was covered,
needed a balmy climate. “Gentlemen,” said
others weeping pitifully. Who is dead in the White
House ?' I asked one of the soldiers. The President,'
Mr. Lincoln, kindly but firmly, “ I am sorry to
was his answer ; "he was killed by an assassin. Then say that there are eight other applicants for
came a loud burst of grief from the crowd, which that place, and they are all sicker than your
awoke me from my dream. I slept no more that night; man.” Second only to the office-seekers in vex-
and although it was only a dream, I have been strangely
atious persistency were the well-meaning med-
annoyed by it ever since.”
dlers who swarmed to the capital to tender
The volume contains a plentiful crop of Mr. their « views” to the President. Like sorrows,
Lincoln's quaint stories ; and these, Mr. La- they came in battalions - scarcely a day pass-
mon is careful to say, were usually told with a ing without several delegations, loaded and
definite purpose
often a very serious one. primed for the edification or discomfiture of
It is pretty difficult nowadays to realize that the Administration, presenting themselves at
Abraham Lincoln, the very soul of earnestness, the White House. Some of them were com-
sincerity, and public zeal, the man who per- mittees of clergymen, who came to offer their
haps above all others was penetrated with a
strategical views, and to propose sweeping
realizing sense of the tragedy of his time and changes in the conduct of the war. Mr. Lin-
wrung by the spectacle of its blood and tears,
coln listened courteously to all; and once, when
was once freely denounced from press and
his patience was sorely tried by the cavils of
platform as a vulgar jester, a “buffoon,” who,
some reverend gentleman from the West, he
while driving over the corpse-strewn field of
made the following notable reply:
Antietam, was heartless enough to call on a
“Gentlemen, suppose all the property you possess
companion for a comic song. The Antietam
were in gold, and you had placed it in the hands of
story ran the rounds of the press, and was Blondin to carry across the Niagara river on a rope.
repeated in the New York World' almost With slow, cautious, steady step he walks the rope,
daily for three months.” Marshal Lamon was
bearing your all. Would you shake the cable, and
keep shouting to him, · Blondin ! stand up a little
the companion” in question ; and he devotes
straighter! Blondin ! stoop a little more ; go a little
a chapter to clearing up the charge — which faster ; lean more to the south! Now lean a little
was, of course, only a newspaper “yarn ” of more to the north !'— would that be your behavior in
rather more than the usual degree of mendac-
such an emergency ? . . . This government, gentle-
ity. Mr. Lincoln himself used to style his
men, is carrying an immense weight ; untold treasures
are in its hands. The persons managing the ship of
stories “ labor-saving contrivances ”; which was
state in this storm are doing the best they can. Do n't
a fair way of putting it. When he wished to worry them with needless warnings and complaints.
light up a principle, or expose a fallacy, or re- Keep silence, be patient, and we will get you safe across.
duce the proposals of a long-winded meddler
Good day, gentlemen. I have other duties pressing
upon me that must be attended to."
to absurdity, all in the shortest possible order,
he simply told a story in point, to the great Miss Lamon's volume contains two portraits
saving of his own time and the nation's. The of Mr. Lincoln, one after a painting by Healy
office-seeker was truly Mr. Lincoln's bête-noire. done in 1868, and one after a photograph of
While the fate of the country was trembling in ten years earlier, together with several inter-
the balance, he was constantly being called on esting documents in facsimile.
to solve some squabble over patronage, to put Mr. L. E. Chittenden's compact edition of
good men in office, while heeding at the same “ Abraham Lincoln's Speeches” is a useful


244
(Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
E. G. J.
publication — the first attempt, we believe, at to do the South any good ; and it is a common-
a handy separately-issued volume of selections place of history that the bullet of the wretched
from Mr. Lincoln's works. All of the speeches Booth deprived the South of its best friend,
are worth reading, some are worth pondering, leade or more.
back substantial reconstruction a de
and one of them, certainly, ought to be en-
, ,
We are glad to note that it is
graved on the memory of every American who the serious and grandly humane, rather than
cares for his country and has faith in the the humorous, side of Mr. Lincoln's character
theory and the future of popular government. that stands out most prominently in this vol-
Compared with the Gettysburg Address, half ume, which is a very acceptable addition to
the « famous speeches in the anthologies Lincoln literature.
savor of fustian. Mr. Chittenden's book is
small, but it is representative, and contains
enough to convey a just idea of Mr. Lincoln's
style and powers, as well as of his views on the LEAVES FROM COLERIDGE'S NOTE-BOOKS.*
great issues of the period. The selections
Following almost immediately upon the pub-
range, in time, from 1832 to 1865 ; in quality, lication of Coleridge's Letters (reviewed in
from the plain sense and homespun diction of
THE DIAL of June 1, 1895), and the renewed
his early speeches, to the condensed power and
interest in the poet's personality and writings
classic purity of the Gettysburg Address. The which that work has awakened, the appear-
editor has furnished a brief biographical intro-
ance of the “ Anima Poetæ” is most timely.
duction, and there is a good frontispiece por- The present volume is a collection of hitherto
trait.
unpublished aphorisms, reflections, confessions,
It may be remembered that on the thirtieth
and soliloquies," made up from the note-books
anniversary of the death of Mr. Lincoln (April and pocket-books which Coleridge himself in-
4, 1895) the publishers of the New York « In-
forms us were at times his “ only confidants.'
dependent” issued a “Lincoln number” of
More than fifty of these noteworthy books have
their journal, containing some forty brief pa- been preserved, dating from as early as 1795
pers on the Martyr President, by men who had
down to the poet's death in 1834; and although
known him, or had seen him under interesting occasional extracts from these copy-books had
conditions. This matter has since been pub been published, there yet remained a vast quan-
lished in book form, with the title “ Abraham tity of literary material of which no use had
Lincoln, Tributes and Reminiscences from his
been made. It is from this source that Mr.
Associates," and it forms an acceptable and
Ernest Hartley Coleridge, the poet's grandson,
informing memorial volume. The Introduc-
has brought together a volume of prose selec-
tion is by Dr. Ward, editor of the “Inde-
tions, arranged as far as possible in chrono-
pendent.” The papers are critical, eulogistic, logical order, and extending nearly from the
or anecdotal, according to the bents and stand. | beginning of Coleridge's literary career down
points of the respective authors. Among these
to the summer of 1828. The note-books be-
we note Mr. George S. Boutwell
, Dr. Henry longing to the succeeding years (1828–34),
M. Field, Mr. Daniel D. Bidwell, Senator the editor states, are devoted too largely to
Dawes, Dr. Theodore Cuyler, Hon. L. E. Chit- theological and metaphysical disquisition to be
tenden, General Neal Dow, Grace Greenwood,
of any great interest to the general reader.
etc. Senator Morgan of Alabama, once a gen- Among the five or six hundred topics touched
eral in the Confederate service, pays a thought- upon in this book, ranging in length anywhere
ful tribute to Mr. Lincoln, finding that his most
from a single line to four pages, that delight-
conspicuous virtue as Commander-in-Chief of
ful confusion of subject prevails which gives a
the Federal forces “ was the absence of a spirit work of this sort its greatest charm. 1 One
of resentment or oppression toward the enemy, finds here allusions and figures, a sentence or
and the self-imposed restraint under which he
a paragraph, which the poet stowed away for
exercised the really absolute powers within his
future use in some lecture, essay, or poem ;
grasp.” It is related that President Lincoln
brief passages on the more interesting of his
once said, in his quaint way, when about to daily experiences ; estimates of the characters
sign the pardon of a man condemned to be shot of his literary friends ; thoughts on friendship,
for some breach of duty, that he did n't be-
lieve shooting was going to do him any good.”
* ANIMA POETE: Selections from the unpublished Note-
Books of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Edited by Ernest Hart-
Nor did he believe harsh treatment was going / ley Coleridge. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.


1895.]
245
THE DIAL
ness.
love, and marriage, subjects that deeply moved Coleridge was at all times devoutly religious,
Coleridge's affectionate nature ; bits of criti- and his faith, even when protesting against
cism of contemporary criticism, interlarded dogma, was pervaded by a gracious tender-
with statements of more general import; quo-
tations from Greek, Latin, German, Italian, It was, however, as a conversationalist, or
and English classics, with either critical or in- rather as a monologuist entirely monopolizing
terpretive comment; suggestions for unwritten the talk, that Coleridge exerted his greatest
poems, nestling in among weightier and vaster influence upon the men and literature of his
metaphysical observations; the strangest of
time. “No talk," says Carlyle, “ in his cen-
fancies beside the most prosaic of practical tury or in any other, could be more surprising,”
admonitions; and all these thoughts and fan- and though he adds that it more often speeded
cies crowding each other to death, as Cole- “everywhither” rather than “ anywhither,”
ridge observes was always characteristic of his these discourses must have possessed an inim-
thoughts, thrown off in his most impassioned itable eloquence, flooded as they were by that
moments before the glow of the poet's imagin- wealth of intellectual light and drawn from
ation was cooled by the pruning care of the those immense stores of information always at
artist. The intimacy which one can have Coleridge's command.
can have Coleridge's command. Much of this marvel-
with one's note-book, but not at all times with lous power was necessarily fleeting, and to all
one's friends, is felt on every page ; and it is except a few it is even now become, like the
this, together with that subtle fineness of the voice and personality of a great actor who is
breath and spirit of poetry, which is not sel of the past only, a mere tradition. But judged
dom lost, or at any rate changed into a fine- | by the standards of the ordinary conversation,
ness of a different kind that often resolves there was a certain inappropriateness about
itself into a classic coldness when put into these talks, of which even Coleridge himself
more polished forms of verse and prose, that
at odd moments was conscious, though he urges
gives the work its unique value. The poet is a nimeity of ideas, not of words :
not posing here:
« There are two sorts of talkative fellows. ... The
“... What I have seen and what I have thought,
first sort is of those who use five hundred words more
with a little of what I have felt, in the words in which
than needs to express an idea—that is not my case.
I told and talked them to my pocket-books, the con-
The second sort is of those who use five hundred more
fidants who have not betrayed me, the friends whose
ideas, images, reasons, etc., than there is any need of
silence was not detraction, and the inmates before whom
to arrive at their object, till the only object arrived at
I was not ashamed to complain, to yearn, to weep, or
is that the mind's eye of the bystander is dazzled with
even to pray !”
colors succeeding so rapidly as to leave one vague im-
pression that there has been a great blaze of colors all
One may dip into the “ Anima Poeta"
about something. Now this is my case, and a grievous
almost at random, and come upon striking fault it is. My illustrations swallow up my thesis. I
passages. Not a few may be found to illus- feel too intensely the omni-presence of all in each, pla-
trate Coleridge's intercourse with his friends ;
tonically speaking; or, psychologically, my brain-fibres,
or the spiritual light which abides in the brain-marrow,
take as an example this afterthought in which
as visible light appears to do in sundry rotten mackerel
he records Hazlitt's anger on the occasion of and other smashy matters, is of too general an affinity
an animated argument and then proceeds to
with all things, and though it perceives the difference
protest against Wordsworth’s nature-worship: rather, that which is common [between them).”
of things, yet is eternally pursuing the likenesses, or,
“A most unpleasant dispute with Wordsworth and
Hazlitt. I spoke, I fear, too contemptuously ; but they
He elsewhere in less serious vein hints that
spoke so irreverently, so malignantly of the Divine his conversation was not always adapted to his
Wisdom that it overset me. Hazlitt, how easily raised listeners :
to rage and hatred self-projected ! but who shall find
“Coleridge! Coleridge! will you never learn to ap-
the force that can drag him out of the depths into one
propriate your conversation to your company! Is it not
expression of kindness, into the showing of one gleam desecration, indelicacy, and a proof of great weakness
of the light of love on his countenance ? Peace be with
and even vanity, to talk to, etc., etc., as if you (were
him!... But, surely, always to look at the superficies
talking to] Wordsworth or Sir G. Beaumont ?”
of objects for the purpose of taking delight in their
beauty, and sympathy with their real or imagined life,
Another noteworthy feature of the book is
is as deleterious to the health and manhood of intellect the descriptive portion. Coleridge was not the
as always to be peering and unravelling contrivance close observer of nature that Wordsworth was,
may be to the simplicity of the affection and the
grandeur and unity of the imagination. O dearest yet that association with the latter brought the
William ! would Roy or Durham have spoken of God
former into a closer communion with nature is
as you spoke of Nature ?”
no more to be doubted than that the imagina-


246
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
tion of Coleridge bad, in turn, just as percepti- very full indexes, which are absolutely essen-
ble an effect upon the poetry of Wordsworth. tial in a work of this character. The work is,
On the whole, it was the right side of nature moreover, issued in a style uniform with the
of which the poet was fondest, the grander and recent edition of the Letters, and the three vol-
sublimer rather than the simpler things of na- umes taken together make a valuable addition
ture; but here, on the other hand, are two to Coleridgean literature,
descriptive sentences quite in Wordsworth's
TULEY FRANCIS HUNTINGTON.
own manner:
“ The beards of thistle and dandelions flying about
the lonely mountain like life,—and I saw them through
the trees skimming the lake like swallows."
“ The old stump of the tree, with briar-roses and
THE PROGRESS OF GLACIAL GEOLOGY.*
bramble leaves wreathed round and round a bramble
arch
The progress of glacial geology has been so
a foxglove in the centre."
great since the publication of the earlier edi.
The Wordsworthian will at once compare
the tions of Professor Geikie's The Great Ice
former of these with those lines in the poem Age” that in the revision it has been found
“On the Naming of Point Rash-Judgment":
necessary to rewrite most of the volume. Even
And, in our vacant mood
those parts which are not wholly rewritten are
Not seldom did we stop to watch some tuft
Of dandelion seed or thistle's beard
so modified that they read as if now written
That skimmed the surface of the dead calm lake." for the first time. Apart from the alterations
Add to these passages one on the voice of
which the studies of recent years have made
winter:
necessary, the general scope of the volume has
“ Now the breeze through the stiff and brittle-becom-
been enlarged and somewhat changed. Many
ing foliage of the trees counterfeits the sound of a rush- of the minor changes in the volume are of much
ing stream or water-flood suddenly sweeping by. The interest to geologists. While these need not be
sigh, the modulated continuousness of the murmur, is
exchanged for the confusion of overtaking sounds -
here detailed, they are of general interest be-
the self-evolution of the One for the clash or stroke of
cause they furnish unmistakable proof that
ever-commencing contact of the multitudinous, with European and American interpretations of the
out interspace, by confusion. The short gusts rustle, phenomena of the glacial period are steadily
and the ear feels the unlithesome dryness before the approaching each other.
eye detects the coarser, duller, though deeper green,
deadened and not (yet) awakened into the hues of de-
The parts of the volume which will prove to
cay--echoes of spring from the sepulchral vault of win-
be of most interest outside of geological circles
ter. The aged year, conversant with the forms of its are those which deal with the question of the
youth and forgetting all the intervals, feebly repro- recurrence of glacial epochs, the cause of the
duces them, [as it were, from] memory."
glacial period, and the existence of man during
It is too ambitious to hope for the “ Anima the glacial period. According to the author,
Poetæ " any such popularity as that accorded the sequence of events during the glacial period
to the “ Table Talk,” which in some particu- of Europe is as follows: (1) A glacial epoch,
lars it closely resembles ; but the book is justly preceded by a period of increasing cold. At
entitled to a place among Coleridge's works, this time the ice filled the basin of the Baltic.
for it is here, above all, as its editor suggests, The Alpine lands were swathed in snow and
that the reader will be enabled “ to form some ice, and great glaciers came out from the moun-
estimate of those strange self-communings to tains, making moraines on the low ground at
which Coleridge devoted so much of his intel- their bases. The mountain regions of Britain
lectual energies, and by means of which he were probably ice-clad, though of this there is
hoped to pass through the mists and shadows no direct evidence. In France there were gla-
of words and thoughts to a steadier contempla- ciers from the volcanic cones of Auvergne and
tion, to the apprehension if not the compre- Cantal, which descended so as to deploy upon
hension, of the mysteries of Truth and Being." the plateaus.
the plateaus. (2) Then followed the first in-
The student of Coleridge will thus, perhaps, be terglacial epoch. The southern part of the
enabled to see the poet from a slightly differ- North Sea became land, and a temperate flora,
ent point of view than has hitherto been pos- comparable to that of England to-day, covered
sible, and to the general reader the book will corresponding latitudes. A luxuriant decidu-
afford occasional journeys full of pleasantness. ous flora occupied the valleys of the Alps, and
Mr. Coleridge has provided the volume with
*THE GREAT ICE AGE. By Professor James Geikie. Re-
an introduction, notes where necessary, and vised Edition. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
>


1895.]
247
THE DIAL
2
flourished at heights which it no longer reaches. valley glaciers in the British Isles, the position
(3) The first interglacial epoch was succeeded of which shows that the snow-line in Scotland
by a second glacial epoch. During this time had an average height of 2500 feet. At this
the northern mer de glace reached its greatest time, Scotland was about fifty feet lower than
extent. At the same time, the Alpine glaciers In the Alps, the fifth glacial epoch is
reached their greatest development; while in recorded in the moraines of the second so-called
the other mountains of Europe, snow fields and post-glacial ” stage. (10) The fifth intergla-
glaciers came into being. (4) The dissolution cial epoch was marked by the reëmergence of
of this ice sheet was followed by a second inter- the land, and the retreat of the valley glaciers.
glacial epoch. The climate of Northern and Britain's area became wider than at present,
Central Europe again became temperate, a tem- but it is not known that connection was made
perate flora and fauna replacing the arctic with the continent. (11) During the sixth
forms which first occupied the land after the glacial epoch, Scotland was submerged twenty
ice disappeared. The plants which occupied or thirty feet more than at present. The snow-
Germany and the central plains of Russia at line then stood at an elevation of something like
this time indicate a climate less extreme than 3500 feet in Scotland, and a few small glaciers
that which now affects these regions. Toward existed in the more lofty mountains.
the close of this epoch the climate became more Several maps are given, showing the extent
rigorous. The amount of river erosion accom- of the ice during the second, third, and fourth
plished during this second interglacial interval glacial epochs. During the second the ice
was such as to testify to its great duration. reached its greatest extension. At this time,
(5) The diminution in temperature noted above Ireland and Scotland and Wales were com-
culminated in the third glacial epoch, during pletely covered by the glacier ice, which reached
which the development of ice was less exten- essentially to the valley of the Thames in En-
sive than in the second. The ice sheet of this gland. The ice of Britain and Ireland was con-
epoch overwhelmed a large part of the British fluent with that of the continent. On the con-
Islands, and spread itself widely upon the con- tinent the ice covered all of Holland, part of
tinent. As in the preceding epoch, the Scan- Belgium, all the lowlands of Germany, and a
dinavian and British ice sheets were confluent. large part of Russia. It reached its most south-
From the Alps great glaciers descended to the ern extension in the valley of the Dnieper,
lowlands. (6) Eventually the ice of the third somewhat below latitude 50°.
epoch disappeared, and temperate conditions Much of the evidence on which the distinct-
succeeded. Of this change, the best evidence ness of so many glacial epochs is based is some-
is furnished by the younger interglacial beds what technical. Without discussing the evi-
of the Baltic coast-lands. (7) The fourth gla- dence, the conclusions reached by its perusal
cial epoch succeeded the third interglacial. may be stated. There would seem to be no
During this epoch the Lowlands of Scotland question as to the distinctness of the two epochs
were submerged to a depth of a hundred feet. which are designated as first and second gla-
The Highlands of Scotland had their glaciers, cial. The only question which could arise in
which in places reached the sea. The Alpine | this connection is concerning the glacial char-
glaciers flowed for long distances down the acter of the deposits which are referred to the
great valleys, but fell far short of the dimen- first epoch. In favor of their reference to a
sions reached by those of the earlier epochs. glacial epoch, Professor Geikie seems to make
From Scandinavia, the ice moved out, filling a strong case.
Between the deposits of the
the Baltic sea, and extending south to the Bal- second and third glacial epochs, the “ lower
tic ridge of northern Germany. (8) Follow- and “upper” bowlder clays of England, there
ing the fourth glacial epoch there was a fourth is a well-marked interglacial horizon. This ho-
interglacial epoch, when deciduous trees spread rizon represents an interval during which the
far north into regions where their congeners no land surface of England was free from ice, and
longer flourish. At this time the Baltic was very considerably elevated. During the eleva-
converted into a great lake. Submergence fol- tion, the climate changed from arctic to tem-
lowed, and the Baltic became an arm of the perate, and the land surface became clothed
sea, with a fauna indicative of a climate warmer with vegetation. Following this condition of
than the present. (9) Climate conditions again elevation, and of climatic amelioration, there
became more severe, resulting in the fifth gla- was a submergence of European lands to a lim-
cial epoch. During this epoch there were local lited extent, during which, or accompanying
a
a
a


248
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
which, the climate changed from cold temper- the direction of the ice movements which formed
ate to warm temperate, and then to arctic. The the several beds of drift. The differences in di-
arctic conditions finally brought on the second rection indicated are very considerable - great
great ice sheet. Thus, a very considerable in- enough to indicate that the centres of ice dis-
terval of time intervened between the lower" persion must have been very different at dif-
drift of Britain and the “upper,” and during ferent stages of the ice period.
this interval northern Europe experienced pro- On the whole, the evidence seems strong for
found changes of climate and its lands suffered the separation of the second glacial epoch from
considerable changes of level. It is just such the third, and of the third from the fourth, in
events as these, and especially the association Britain, in northern Europe, and in Switzer-
of such events, which serve to differentiate land. We are not prepared to follow Professor
epochs in geological chronology. The conclu- Geikie in the separation of the fifth glacial
sions to which the evidence drawn from Great epoch from the fourth, and the sixth from the
Britain leads are found to be as true for the fifth. This separation is based on evidence
continent as for the island, and to be based on which is far from convincing, if the word
an almost identical series of facts.
"epoch" is to retain the meaning which has
So far as Britain is concerned, the evidence been attached to it in this country. From the
on which the third glacial epoch is separated written page it does not appear that the fifth
from the fourth seems to be much less conclu- and sixth glacial epochs of Europe necessarily
sive. The evidence for the separation of the amount to more than considerable recrudes.
corresponding formations on the continent is cences of the ice which had been temporarily re-
stronger. On the continent, the third glacial treating. But even if these so-called epochs rep-
epoch was separated from the fourth by a very resent no more than minor advances of the ice,
considerable interval of time, during which the their recognition is a matter of some import-
ice disappeared entirely from Germany, though ance. It helps to emphasize what seems to be
it may have lingered in the Scandinavian moun- the fact in America as well as in Europe, that
tains. Like its predecessor, this interglacial the glacial period was long and extremely com-
interval is marked by old soils and peat bogs plex. This is the conclusion to which detailed
now occupying the horizon between the depos- work on both continents seems to be surely
its of the preceding and succeeding ice sheets. leading.
It is in these soils and peat bogs that remains The chapters of this work which deal with
of plants are found, which teil of temperate the drift of North America were contributed
climate. The interglacial horizon is also marked by Professor T. C. Chamberlin. They embody
by marine and fresh-water deposits, which were much that is new in the way of suggestion and
made after the deposition of the drift of the classification. In these chapters Professor
preceding ice sheet, and before the develop- Chamberlin directs attention to the fact that
ment of the next. The position of these beds the recorded history of glaciation must really
shows that considerable changes of level took begin with the records left by the ice during
place during this interglacial interval, while its maximum extension, for at that time the
their fossils indicate the non-glacial condition records of all preceding glacial history were
of the region at the time they were deposited. largely destroyed or obscured. Any minor gla-
There is reason to believe that this interglacial cial epochs that may have antedated the great-
interval was long, not only because the changes est extension of the ice could hardly be expected
in climate and in the altitude of the land de- to have left decisive records of themselves.
mand such a conclusion, but because there is After the maximum extension of the ice in
specific evidence that the amount of river North America, it is found that there was an
erosion accomplished after the preceding and interval when the ice retreated to a great but
before the following glaciation was great. undetermined extent. Subsequently the ice
The evidence of three glacial epochs in north- advanced again, but reached a position less
ern Europe is not limited to the two lines noted advanced than during the preceding epoch.
above. The several sheets of drift, the sec- While the great body of the first sheet of drift
ond of which overlies the first, and the third of was either covered or worn away by the ice of
which overlies the second, are different in phy- the second advance, its outer margin was left
sical and lithological constitution. The differ- uncovered. After the second advance, the ice
ent materials must have been gathered from was melted back again for a great but unknown
different sources. This implies a difference in distance. Subsequently
Subsequently it advanced a third


1895.]
249
THE DIAL
time, but again failed to reach the limit which accumulation, orographic movement, or other work done,
it had attained in the preceding advance. Thus
or in the geniality of climate or the character of their
the margin of the second sheet of drift remained
life, they are surely entitled to be recognized as mark-
ing epochs. If the intervals fall notably short of this,
uncovered by the drift of the third advance. it is doubtless best to regard them as marking episodes,
Professor Chamberlin has proposed to name rather than epochs. The need for recognizing them
these several sheets of drift as other geological would still remain, however, if we are to decipher and
formations are named. Thus, the oldest sheet
delineate the intimate history of the Ice Age.
of drift, which is the only one present in Kan- We suspect that many glacialists would not
sas, is to be known as the Kansan formation ; be willing to follow the above suggession in full.
the second as the East Iowan formation; and We suspect that many of them would hold that
the third as the East Wisconsin formation. As an interval of deglaciation might fall “ nota-
now exposed, the Kansan formation occupies a bly" short of the post-glacial interval, and still
belt of variable width along the outermost bor-
the re-advance of the ice constitute a separate
der of the drift. Theoretically, it should only glacial epoch, especially if the retreat and the
fail where the ice of the second advance reached subsequent re-advance of the ice were very con-
its earlier limit, or where it has been removed siderable, and accompanied by climatic and
by erosion. The Kansan formation should un-
orographic changes. If, for example, the ice
derlie the East Iowan formation to the north, retreated so far from its extreme position as to
except where it was destroyed by the ice of the free the territory of the United States, and if,
East Iowan (or some later) stage of glacial his during this retreat, the region freed became
tory. The exposed part of the East Iowan temperate, a subsequent advance of the ice to
formation, so named because it is well developed the limit of the East Iowan formation might
in Eastern Iowa, and because it has been care- perhaps not improperly be regarded as a dis-
fully studied in that region, occupies a belt
tinct glacial epoch, even if the deglaciation
north of the exposed edge of the Kansan for- interval were notably shorter than the post-
mation ; while the East Wisconsin formation glacial epoch. Especially would this be true
lies still further to the north, sustaining the if the ice remained long in retreat, and if other
same general relation to the East Iowan forma-events, such as changes of continental attitude,
tion that this does to the Kansan.
intervened. Even on the basis which Professor
Because of the controversy which has arisen
Chamberlin has proposed, there is in the minds
in America concerning the distinctness of gla- of many geologists no doubt that at least two,
cial epochs, Professor Chamberlin judiciously and very likely three, distinct glacial epochs
refrains from all assertion concerning the de-
have affected the North American continent.
gree of distinctness of these several forma- A judicious reading between the lines makes it
tions. He does not even insist that they be
clear that this is Professor Chamberlin's own
referred to separate glacial epochs, but simply
belief.
that these several formations be looked upon
Concerning the cause of the glacial period,
as marking distinct stages in the history of the Professor Geikie appears to have changed his
ice period. These names may therefore be used, opinion since the earlier edition of his work
for the present, without raising the question of appeared. In that edition Croll's astronomical
multiplicity of ice epochs. Whether these hypothesis was advocated with apparently little
several formations represent distinct glacial hesitancy. In the present edition the discus-
epochs, or whether they represent sub-epochs sion of the cause of the glacial period has been
only, must turn upon the meaning which at relegated to the end of the volume. This ar-
taches to the term epoch. Until geologists have rangement makes the chapter much less than
agreed upon the exact meaning of this term, heretofore an organic part of the volume, and
as applied to glacial history, there is likely to it is distinctly pointed out that the general
be no harmony of opinion concerning the ques-
facts and relations of the drift are not depend-
tion of one or many glacial epochs. In this ent on any particular theory of glacial climate.
connection, Professor Chamberlin says:
While Professor Geikie still believes that
“ If the ice age consisted of distinct glaciations sep-
Croll's hypothesis probably “contains a large
arated by climatic conditions as genial as those of to- element of truth,” he does not regard it as a
day, they might as properly be called periods as epochs full solution of the vexed question. He further
of glaciation. If the intervals of ice retreat, whether
indicates that the complex drift phenomena of
they amounted to complete disappearances or not, were
comparable to the post-glacial period in duration, in the
Europe“ are evidence of a succession of
amount of erosion, weathering, soil production, vegetal l changes too manifold, and perhaps occupying


250
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
too short a space of time, to be accounted for between the covers of this volume, for palæo-
by the cause to which Croll appealed.” Pro- lithic man in Britain and the fall of Lord Rose-
fessor Geikie's final conclusion concerning the berry are its terminal pages. The whole field
question, as expressed in his own words, is as is divided by dynasties, into eight periods.
follows: "The primary cause of those remark- According to the preface, the author aims
able changes is thus an extremely perplexing to meet the wants of four classes of readers :
question, and it must be confessed that a com- (1) those wishing “ to study in greater detail ”
plete solution of the problem has not yet been special phases of English history; (2) teach-
found.”
ers who may wish “ a fuller and more devel-
Concerning the relation of man to the gla- oped treatment of events "; (3) university stu-
cial period, the conclusions of the volume have dents ; (4) the general public “who wish to
a special interest, since they represent a late have in their hands a handy but fairly full his-
view of the geological evidence relating to the tory to which they may turn for ready infor-
antiquity of man. Professor Geikie's interpre- mation or the historical points that crop up
tation of the English cave deposits is as fol- day by day in politics or conversation."
We
lows: (1) That man, and certain locally or surmise that of these classes of readers, the first
altogether extinct animals, co-existed in En- will be sadly disappointed; for the arrange-
gland at some period of time; (2) that this ment being chronological, one has to hunt from
period was of long duration ; (3) that after oc- page to page in order to follow any special line
cupying the caves for untold ages, the paleo- of thought. This calls attention to the main
lithic man disappeared forever; (4) that the defect of the book, which is that it lacks con-
second or neolithic period of human occupancy tinuity; so much detail being thrown in, that
is wholly distinct from the paleolithic; it is the philosophy of the political development of
widely separated in time and culture, and is a period is obscured. The history of England
accompanied by a distinct fauna and flora ; from Henry II. to Edward I. covers essentially
(5) that, in general terms, continental cave de- a constitutional period — that of the so-called
posits yield a body of evidence of a closely sim- “ Winning of the Charters "; but Mr. Ransome
ilar character. He finds, further, citing much
dwells
upon
events of that time with so much
evidence, that the cave deposits, the valley drift, minuteness that the great generic causes and
and the glacial and interglacial gravels pertain the large lines then laid are lost sight of. From
to one and the same general period, and con- an institutional point of view, Mr. Ransome's
cludes that that period lies between the culmi- treatment of English history is very defective.
nation of the second and third ice invasions. The steady development of Parliament is not
ROLLIN D. SALISBURY.
discernible throughout the period of its forma-
tion. The Star Chamber suddenly appears
under Charles I., but no allusion makes us ac-
quainted with its origin ; and the same obser-
ANOTHER SHORT HISTORY OF ENGLAND.* vation is true of the Privy Council. This fail-
ure to treat constitutional history as a thing
Among the numerous histories of England
that are constantly appearing, a work
by Pro- apart from minor matters is a cardinal defect;
fessor Ransome demands more than passing
for subjects like these are more likely to be the
“special phases" of interest to most readers.
attention. The author has already written “ An
Naturally in so condensed a work, political
Elementary History of England,” “ A Short
history must occupy the largest space. Only
History of England,” and a series of lectures
where literature bears a close relation to poli-
upon “ The Rise of Constitutional Government
in England.” In addition, he is joint author tics
, is it more than incidentally dealt with ;
with the Hon. A. H. Dyke Acland, M.P., of
and the same rule applies to manners and cus-
toms. In this
a very valuable handbook of English history.
the author has secured more
way
In view of the ambitious work before us, these
space than Mr. Gardiner, in his well-known
hand book. This is increased by omitting illus-
writings may be regarded as preliminary stud-
trations also, much of the space thus saved
ies.
There is a vast extent of history compressed being given — and more profitably — to maps
(38) and genealogical tables (21).
* AN ADVANCED HISTORY OF ENGLAND, from the Earliest Mr. Ransome is a very positive Englishman.
Times to the Present Day. By Cyril Ransome, M.A., Pro-
fessor of Modern History in Yorkshire College, Victoria Uni-
For example, we are told that “probably the
versity. New York: Macmillan & Co.
greatest event in modern history is the devel.


1895.]
251
THE DIAL
opment of the British colonial empire”. (p. the French crown (p. 316). It is more than
vii.). Unless he dates modern history from likely that Henry was desirous of a pretext for
1815, he will hardly be believed. The French foreign war in order that he might secure him-
Revolution, in comparison with this imperial self more firmly in the hearts of the English
fact, is styled " one of the epoch-making inci- people, for the title of the house of Lancaster
dents of the world's history” (p. 855). If Mr. to the throne was by no means clear. In dwell-
Ransome is right in his view of the importance ing upon the Hundred Years' War, it would
of the British colonial empire, there is a poor be refreshing if English historians were less
outlook for the future, for it is asserted that insular in their thinking. In English writings,
even now, with all our facilities of steam and the work of Bedford, since it lay in France, is
electricity, a real knowledge of the wants and assumed to have had slight influence upon En-
conditions of the colonies is rare” (p. 823). gland. Yet the reforms of Bedford in France,
Some portions of the “History of England” are when regent for the infant Henry VI., are
fuller and better than others. The account of largely accountable for Charles VII.'s sudden
the Roman occupation of Britain (pp. 15–16) awakening; he realized that if he were to re-
implies too much to square with the subsequent cover France he must do so by counter-means
account regarding Christianity in Britain (p. of the same sort, which resulted in the French
26). The way in which the complete displace- people rallying to the support of the crown,
ment of the Keltic-Roman inhabitants is ac- and the consequent expulsion of the English.
counted for is very novel :
French historians, although somewhat dazzled
“So ruinous had been the long struggle that the Celts by the bright figure of Jeanne Darc, are better
could no longer occupy their former possessions, so that than English in appreciating the reciprocal in-
the land lay desolate. This last statement of Gildas
fluence of Bedford's reforms upon those of
supplies the key to much that has hitherto appeared
obscure ; for if the settlements of the English were
Charles VII.
made not in lands from which the Britons had just been Here and there a failure to be acquainted
driven, but in districts which had for some time lain with late researches is betrayed in Mr. Ran-
waste, then the disappearance of the British race, with
its language, customs, and religion, and its complete devoted to William Wallace represents him
some's work. The paragraph (pp. 225-6)
replacement by the English race, becomes perfectly in-
telligible and in strict accord with the only contempo-
as a hero of Scottish independence, and not a
rary narrative that has come down to us” (pp. 22–3). rebellious feudal vassal, as Mr. Freeman has
But there are two defects in this view : In the shown. Again, we are told, in speaking of
first place, Gildas is a most unreliable author- early English local government, that“ a group
ity; and, secondly, the evidence of topography of townships formed the hundred. . . . In the
and archæology are ignored. Moreover, if the south, «hundred' was the term usually em-
struggle had been so ruinous “ that the Celtsployed; in the east Midlands and in Yorkshire,
could no longer occupy their former posses- wapentake'” (p. 43). Yet in 1888 Canon
.
sions, so that the land lay desolate,” how does Taylor showed that the evidence of Domesday
Mr. Ransome account for the exceedingly slow goes to show, if it does not prove, that the wap-
progress of the English conquest ? And, obiter entake was an administrative division compris-
dicta, why does he prefer the word “Saxon " ing three “hundreds.” Similarly, Mr. Ran-
to the more general term “ English ” ? some seems to be unaware (p. 400) that late
On pp. 108–9 the reader is disappointed to research has shown that Clement VII. actually
meet with the usual account of the causes and granted a bull of divorce between Henry VIII.
results of the Crusades. It is the rankest sort and Katherine.
of writing of history, to say, in this day, that It may be unfair to judge a writer in a field
the Crusades began in 1096, and that Peter in which his rival is the master, but the Puri-
the Hermit was the genius of the movement. tan Revolution is very unsatisfactorily treated
When Mr. Ransome is writing narrative, he is when compared with the account of Mr. Gardi-
at his best. The account of the preliminaries ner. There is next to nothing said of Cromwell's
to the Hundred Years' War is excellent, though government; nothing at all of his major-gen-
it is much too much to speak of that war erals; the massacre of Drogheda is slighted,
as “an utterly unnatural feeling of hereditary and Cromwell's continental and commercial
hatred between the two countries” (p. 246). policy resolves itself into the deeds of one man
Exception might be taken, too, to the state- -Blake. The author ventures to disagree
ment that “ Henry Fifth himself believed thor- with Ranke in respect of the character of
oughly in the propriety of his demand” for ' Charles I.; while Charles II., on the other
:
>
a
-


252
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
a
hand, is said to have been “ a man of consum- a war broke out between the northern and
mate ability” (p. 642). Some other judgments southern sections of the United States.
may be questioned, — e.g., Dunstan is pro- The slave-owning States of the South viewed
-
nounced " the most remarkable English sub- with apprehension the rise of an Abolitionist
ject who lived before the Norman Conquest ” party in the North, and when Abraham Lin-
(p. 65). How about Godwine? John is said coln, an Abolitionist [!] was elected president,
to have been well-read, though his learning they declared their intention of seceding from
rests on the statement that he once borrowed the union” (p. 999). If a second edition of
a book from the abbot of St. Alban's, which the “History of England” is called for, it is to
Stubbs thinks of slender authority (p. 168). be hoped that Mr. Ransome will first read the
Shakespeare's delineation of Richard III. is platform of the Chicago Republican Conven-
accepted (p. 299). On p. 540 occurs the tion, and also Lincoln's first Inaugural. More-
statement that “ Pym was quite of opinion that over, he has yet to learn that the negroes were
Laud and Strafford had been engaged in a sys- not freed, and could not be enfranchised, by
tematic plot, the one to overthrow Protestant- an act of Congress (p. 1000).
ism, the other parliamentary government.
A few minor errors may be pointed out,
A ,
This is now known to be a caricature of Straf- which are doubtless due to oversight: The
ford's real position.” Are we, then, to believe peace of Wedmore was in 879, not 886 (p.55);
that Laud seriously intended to overthrow Prot- Cnut, not Harold, became king in 1017 (p.
estantism? The loss of Waterloo is attributed 75); Americans, at least, speak of Bunker
directly to Napoleon (p. 908). And, speaking Hill, not Bunker's Hill (p. 824); Louis XVI.
of Napoleon, is there not a touch of irony in was executed Jan. 21, 1793, not in February
the allusion to the beautiful and healthy of that year (p. 860); the French Empire was
island of St. Helena (p. 910)? The statement declared in May, not December, 1804.
has the sound of an Englishman's hereditary In style the narrative is plain and unvar-
hatred of Bonaparte. So, also, Mr. Ransome's nished, to the point of tediousness; it is hard
estimates of Castlereigh and Canning have a reading; yet that, perhaps, is to be expected
Tory ring (pp. 912, 936).
in a work of such condensation. But at times
But criticism to be just must be relative, not the language is careless. The average reader
absolute. The exceptions taken above have would infer an old English township and a bor-
been in matters where there is room for honest ough to be governmentally wholly distinct from
doubt; and a good author always has preposses-
one another, owing to omission of the word "or"
sions in his favor. Moreover, they are few in
in the last paragraph on p. 41. Again : “ When
number compared with the amount of matter Tacitus wrote, few German tribes were ruled by
presented ; the defects indicated represent pro- kings, but kingship was universal among the En-
protionately a slight percentage of the narra- glish who had settled in Britain” (p. 46). One
tive. For a book of information, presenting a
would infer that the English, when on the con-
clear, succinct narrative, Mr. Ransome's “His- tinent, were of two sorts—those who had kings
tory of England” will take rank with the best and those who had not. Mr. Ransome's think-
handbooks. To the public at large who wishing is not always clear. We are told (p. 854)
to have a ready source of information as to that from one point of view the French Revo-
facts — and facts are the body of history - it lution was “the abolition of mediæval feudal-
will commend itself. The correlation of these ism"; from another, “the abolition of privi-
facts, what Guizot called the physiology of his lege,” whereas the essence of feudalism was
tory, is less evident, and perhaps was not in- privilege.
privilege. So, again, in the account of the
tended. The thoughtful reader in this case States General of 1789, there is lack of defin-
will dwell upon what he here reads ; while in iteness of statement (p. 858); and on p. 866
the case of the university and college student, the Spanish and Dutch fleets, in 1795, are sud-
the
very
absence of this element allows room denly found coöperating with France, though
for original force and suggestion ; he must no reason is given for the fact. Perhaps,
think for himself if he would understand. though, more has already been required than it
At times, however, even in the domain of is right to expect from an author seeking to
facts, Mr. Ransome is manifestly wrong. The compress the enormous space of two thousand
most obvious example of this, to an American
years into a thousand pages.
reader, at least, is the statement that" In 1861
JAMES WESTFALL THOMPSON.
>
-


1895.]
253
THE DIAL
months. These people moved from pasture to
A NEW ARCTIC BOOK.*
pasture with their herds of reindeer, which
If the reader will look to his map of Europe, subsisted chiefly upon lichens. When a party
he will find lying off the far northwestern out- once stopped to bait the deer, he found that in
skirts of Russia, in the Arctic Ocean, a con- ten minutes they ate “the lichen which lay
siderable island named Kolguev. This Kol-
This Kol- around them without moving from where they
guev (pronounced Kol-gwev) is so little known stood.” Although snow lay in patches all
that the adventurous soul of Mr. Trevor-Bat-
summer, yet flies and mosquitoes were some-
tye, an English traveller of some experience, times very troublesome. Under record of July
was drawn toward it with a view to exploration. 19, he says: “The mosquitoes were bad to-
“ Whether those were right who had main- day, and gnats were in clouds. I think the
tained that we should find it quite impossible Samoyed name for mosquito is so good
to land at all; whether, if we did succeed in nyanink' they call it, from the noise and its
landing, we should discover a harbor where stab. Nya' is its singing, and then «nink,'
the Saxon might be secure ; what birds, flow- and in goes its horrid stab.”
ers, and mammals we should chance upon; The staple food of the Kolguev Samoyeds is
whether we should find people there, or only a the wild goose. Mr. Trevor-Battye gives a very
desolate and barren land, — in a word, the idea interesting description of a “goosing.” Thou-
of the unknown, this it was which really at- sands of wild geese were driven into a trap,
tracted me, as it has attracted many before." and there despatched with clubs. They then
This ignorance was, however, in a degree hid them under fresh turf for a few days, and
unnecessary. If the author had taken down
afterward prepared them for winter's use. Mr.
so common a reference book as “Chambers's Trevor-Battye learned many Samoyedic prac-
Encyclopædia,” he would have read under tices, but he never mastered their method of
“Kolguef”: “It is visited in summer by fur- eating. “The Samoyeds held the food between
hunters, and fowlers, who capture eider-ducks, their teeth, and with the other end in their left
swans, and other sea-birds that yield down. hand cut quickly upwards, with the knife close
The only permanent inhabitants are a few to their noses. We tried this, but not success-
Samoyedes." While Kolguev is not quite the fully. It requires much practice, because of
terra incognita that Mr. Trevor-Battye would your nose.” Our author got on very well with
have us believe, yet it is sufficiently unknown his Samoyed acquaintance. He even succeeded
to justify such an expedition as he undertook. in obtaining some of their idols, or bolvans,
On the second of June, 1894, our author which they usually conceal with great care.
left Peterhead, Scotland, on the steam yacht But one of his successes was so discreditable
“Saxon.” The rather commonplace voyage that we wonder he records it. On his ex-
is described in Chapters I.-V., which might ploration of their Holy Hill, he was accom-
easily have been omitted. In Chapter II. he panied by a guide who kept sharp watch on his
puts this curious preface to his three-page de- visitor. “I felt he had his eye on me all the
scription of Tromsö: “Many of my readers while, for whenever I moved a hand towards
will know Tromsö and its surroundings far the bolvans he turned quickly around with a
better than I, and can skip this next bit, cunning intelligence on his face. But I was
which I simply take straight out of my journal one too many for him. For I offered him a
as it stands.” Surely what most readers would cigarette which I had made from a leaf of my
skip is just the thing to omit. The book-mak-note-book. And while he was stooping down
ing traveller is often tempted to pad.
to light this, I managed to slip a small bolvan
The reader will, then, miss nothing by waiv- and the spoon into my pocket unperceived." ”
ing unimportant preliminaries, and begin with Mr. Trevor-Battye's description of the Sam-
Chapter VI., where our author is set down on
oyeds is fuller and closer than Mr. Jackson's
the lonely isle, and his real adventures begin. account in “ The Great Frozen Land,” recently
After six days of tramping, he succeeded in reviewed in The DIAL (Sept. 16, '95), but on
finding some of the native Samoyeds, and he the whole they confirm each other. He finds the
lived with or near them for the next three Samoyeds a simple, friendly people, of much
ICE-BOUND ON KOLGUEV. A chapter in the exploration ability in certain ways, and he resents the con-
of Arctic Europe. To which is added a record of the natural trary imputations of other writers.
“Why,"
history of the island. By Aubyn Trevor-Battye. With
numerous illustrations by J. T. Nettleship, Charles Wymper,
he asks, " does Nordenskiöld put these Samoy-
and the author. New York: Macmillan & Co.
eds at the bottom of the Arctic Mongol group?


254
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
dian.'
-
He makes them the lowest. And why does came so completely naturalized in Germany or
Carlyle, casting about for an instance of hope- France, respectively, as “Maarten Maartens” has
less barbarity, pitch on the poor Samoyed ? become in the republic of English letters. It is in-
This book, if it shows anything, will surely teresting to note, in this connection, the recent re-
reveal the Samoyed as an extremely intelligent port that Sig. d'Annunzio has decided henceforth
to write primarily for French rather than for Italian
man, far and away more so than the Red In.
readers. Such cases, however, must at the best be
sporadic; it will not frequently happen that writ-
The main part of this book may be cordially
ers of one country will have both the inclination
recommended to the general reader as an en- and the ability to make of the idiom of another the
tertaining narrative of varied adventures and chief medium of their expression. “My Lady
experiences. The style, as is apparent from Nobody,” the latest novel of our Anglicized Dutch-
our quotations, is very lively, but sometimes man, is one of the strongest novels of the season,
becomes careless and slangy. The book is pro- although we are inclined to rank it a little below
vided with maps and scientific appendices, and
“God's Fool” and “The Greater Gļory.” It is
is fully illustrated with interesting drawings by
without the thin veil of poetical allegory that gives
various artists.
so great a charm to those two books, although it
HIRAM M. STANLEY.
is quite their equal in shrewd observation, genial
humor, and sane envisagement of the relations of
everyday life. The characters do not seem quite
as sharply realized as they might have been at
RECENT ENGLISH NOVELS.*
least, some of them do not — and an uncertainty in
the use of English idiom is now and then noticeable.
It must be admitted, curious as is the fact, that But the book is a very human document, after all
there are hardly half a dozen English novelists now - for Dutch humanity is very much the same as
living and to the manner born, whose work is as any other — and does equal honor to the head and
acceptable and as deserving of praise as that of a the heart of the writer.
Dutchman of letters who has chosen to use the En-
Mr. Mallock, doubtless, would wish his latest
glish language rather than his native idiom, and
work of fiction to be described as “a human docu-
has learned to use it so effectively that he must be
reckoned to all intents and purposes an English
ment,” and, indeed, he gave that very title to one
novelist. Those who indulge in dreams of a time
of its predecessors. But the claim may be made
for “The Heart of Life” only with some qualifi-
when English shall have become the universal lan-
cation. It is not so much essential humanity with
guage may well find a happy omen in the fact that
which Mr. Mallock deals as humanity of exotic or
a foreigner, who might easily occupy the foremost
place among his contemporaries in his own country,
morbid type. This, at least, must be said of the
three or four characters upon which he has spent
should be found willing to relinquish such an honor
for the sake of enrolment in the English literary
the most pains. And there is throughout the work
guild, and for the sake of the larger audience that
a disagreeable streak of perverted feeling, an envis-
he is thus enabled to reach. The case is almost, ugly a word as “nasty” to give it adequate expres-
agement of the ethical problems of sex, that needs 80
if not quite, unparalleled in nineteenth century sion, and that vitiates the atmosphere of the entire
literary history, for neither Ochlenschlæger nor Dr.
Brandes, neither Heine nor Tourguénieff, eve
book. This is no new thing with Mr. Mallock, as
be-
readers of his earlier books do not need to be told.
*My LADY NOBODY. By Maarten Maartens. New York: Having lodged this needed caveat, we will hasten
Harper & Brothers.
to do justice to the better qualities of the novel in
THE HEART OF LIFE. By W. H. Mallock. New York :
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
question. So careful a work, written in so graceful
AN IMAGINATIVE MAN. By Robert S. Hichens. New
and cultured a style, is calculated to give consider-
York: D. Appleton & Co.
able pleasure to readers of taste, in spite of the
Joan Haste. By H. Rider Haggard. New York : Long- subtle immoralities of its conception. There is a
mans, Green, & Co.
well-bred air about it all, and a command of felicit-
THE EMANCIPATED. A Novel. By George Gissing. Chi-
ous phrase, that bespeak attention and interest.
cago: Way & Williams.
Particularly in the delineation of the Countess
Not COUNTING THE Cost. By Tasma. New York: D.
Appleton & Co.
Shimna does the writer display his best literary
A SET OF ROGUES. By Frank Barrett. New York: Mac- qualities. She is one of those fascinating foreign
millan & Co.
women in whom he delights, and she is presented
WHEN CHARLES THE FIRST Was KING. A Romance of with a poetical investiture that completely capti-
Osgoldcross, 1632-1649. By J. S. Fletcher. Chicago : A. C.
vates the on-looker and wins for her his instant
McClurg & Co.
THE STARK-MUNRO LETTERS. Edited and arranged by
sympathies. The character of Pole, likewise, is
A. Conan Doyle. New York : D. Appleton & Co.
built
up
from within rather than from without, and
FROM THE MEMOIRS OF A MINISTER OF FRANCE. By wins respectful sympathy. Into this latter charac-
Stanley J. Weyman. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co. ter Mr. Mallock has put no little of himself
a
:
&


1895.]
255
THE DIAL
up
be a poor
a
remark suggested not so much by Pole's specific “ The Emancipated,” although just published in
attitude toward socialism as by the whole tenor of the United States, is not, we understand, Mr. Giss-
his life and mental habit. As for Pansy — the ing's latest novel. We are happy to say that the
other woman who plays ducks and drakes with his unqualified condemnation we felt bound to bestow
heart — we must give her up as quite unintelligible. not long ago upon a recent production of that writer
Mr. R. S. Hichens, whose amusing skit “The
is by no means to be dealt out to the volume now
Green Carnation " stirred the
menagerie of the
before us, which impresses us as the best of Mr.
decadents a few months ago, has now produced a
Gissing's novels that we have read. It is certainly
serious piece of fiction. “An Imaginative Man"
untainted by the vulgarity characteristic of so much
may be described as a study in morbid psychology
of his work, and contains studies of a number of
that ends in nothing less than insanity. The hero
men and women in whose company it is pleasant to
is a man of high-strung and sensitive nature, self-
be. Then there is the background of Southern Italy
centred and cynical, who, married to a pretty and
to cast a sort of glamour over the pages. It would
commonplace woman, takes her to Egypt for a win-
book indeed that could not attract by the
ter vacation. He sees the Sphinx for the first time frequent use of such magic names as Capri, Paes-
in his life, and is thereby inspired with an absorb-
tum, and Amalfi. Mr. Gissing presents us with
ing passion. He cannot tear himself away from the
several types, or rather degrees, of intellectual
fascinating presence of the mysterious statue, and emancipation, and his moral appears to be that such
finally, in a mad ecstasy, dashes out his brains against
a thing as too much freedom is quite possible. An
its base. The story sounds bald, and even ludi.
undercurrent of rather bitter feeling about English
crous, in this outline, but it is not so in the reality.
Puritanism runs through the book, and the author
The steady encroachment of madness upon his in-
seems to out-Arnold Arnold upon this subject. The
tellect is subtly worked out, and a sombre poetry
best character-study is that of the woman who out-
invests the successive scenes of the drama, inviting grows the Puritan environment of her early years,
to anything rather than mirth. We must say, how.
and discovers that the world offers a larger air and
ever, that about the minor episodes of the story there
a freer view than may be found in the dissenting
is something repulsive, in spite of the imaginative society of a stagnant English town.
quality of it all; and that the night scene in Cairo, The lady who writes over the signature of
with all its force and vividness, is a thing that could “Tasma" is usually entertaining, although her work
have no place in a work of serious and wholesome art. never rises far above the plane of mediocrity. There
Careful characterization—without which no work
is considerable variety of character and incident in
of fiction can expect to be taken seriously-has not
“Not Counting the Cost," and a somewhat ques-
usually been looked for in Mr. Rider Haggard's
tionable moral. The heroine, that is, does not ac-
novels. In this respect, “Joan Haste ” is a marked tually violate the conventional code, but is saved
advance upon any of its predecessors, for it intro-
from so doing by a series of fortunate accidents,
duces us to three or four characters which are de-
rather than by a resurgence of principle strong
lineated with fairly satisfactory art. This is par-
enough to defy temptation. We are somehow left
ticularly true of Sir Richard Graves, of whom we
with the impression that it would not have been
receive a really vivid impression, and who thinks very wrong for her to assure her family a comfort-
and acts in a consistent way throughout. The new
able existence at the cost of her own honor. The
novel has nothing to do with strange scenes or
story of this little group of Tasmanians, self-exiled
peoples ; it gets along without the accessories of in Paris, and struggling against heavy odds for a
subsis
mystery and carnage in which the author has been
ence, has much pathetic verisimilitude, and
wont to delight; it is simply an English story, deal-
seems to be told from first-hand knowledge of the
ing in semi-melodramatic fashion with a few hack-
main conditions.
neyed themes. It does not prepossess one in its favor The title of Mr. Frank Barrett's latest novel will
to learn that it turns upon the betrayal of a young best illustrate how wide a departure has been taken
girl by an English nobleman, upon the self-sacrifice from the conventional lines of even the romance of
of the girl — Camille-fashion - at the instance of adventure. It runs as follows: “A Set of Rogues ;
an agonized parent's pleadings, and upon the dis- to-wit: Christopher Sutton, John Dawson, the Señor
covery when too late that she is the heiress to a Don Sanchez del Castillo de Castellaña, and Moll
great property. Yet it is undeniable that Mr. Hag- | Dawson, their wicked conspiracy, and a true ac-
gard has made an interesting tale out of these sit- count of their travels and adventures, together with
uations, and that we forget at the time of reading many other surprising things, now disclosed for the
how utterly hackneyed they are. The story loses first time, as the faithful confession of Christopher
in vigor and reality toward the end, and the wind- Sutton.” In other words, Mr. Barrett has given
ing up of its complications is excessively bald and us a very good imitation of the picaresque fiction of
unconvincing. Nor are the characters all well done, the seventeenth century, with a suitable archaism
for that of Samuel Rock is about as grotesque and of diction, and a fine sense of the appeal of mere
unreal as any that is ever met with in the most pre- reckless adventure to the unsophisticated imagina-
posterous sort of fiction.
tion. We read this story, just as we read its pro-
a
-
-


256
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
a
totypes of two centuries ago, with sheer interest in than Dr. Doyle, and does not stray from the field
the doings of the persons concerned, and with little in which he has won a well-deserved success. His
care for the morality of their actions. They start passages “ From the Memoirs of a Minister of
out to gain fraudulent possession of an estate, and France are a series of imaginary episodes in the
we cannot help hoping that they will succeed, so un- life of the Duc de Sully, running from about the
moral is the atmosphere of the tale. When they do period when his royal master had concluded that
eventually accomplish their purpose, we rather ap- Paris was worth a mass, to the inception of the
plaud them, and are reduced to so wicked a frame Great Design, and the foul crime that left that
of mind that we hope they will not be found out. gigantic plan only a dream. These chapters dis-
Later in the narrative, they exhibit marked com- play inventive powers of a high order, and show
punctions of conscience, by no means in keeping their author's remarkable insight into his chosen
with their characters, and we cannot but think that period of history. Each of them is a story com-
the intrusion of this note is an artistic error. Lamb's plete in itself, yet the character of the great Min-
well-known theory of the conventional character of ister links them together into one chain. They are
the Restoration drama applies equally to works of more than interesting; they are true to the essen-
this class, and is one of the profoundest truths to tial facts of history, without for a moment becoming
which that great critic ever gave expression. Eth- dull or pedantic. WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
ical motive has no place in a story like this, and
one may rejoice in the turpitude of such a set of
rogues” without the slightest danger of falling out
of moral equilibrium. We have in this book one of
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
the best stories of adventure that recent years have
Early in the seventies, a familiar
brought to our reach.
Glimpses of
“ When Charles the First Was King” is a his-
Old Japan.
figure at the New York Union Club
was a stately, well-mannered, neatly-
torical novel in the manner of Dr. Doyle's “ Micah
dressed gentleman of seventy odd years, pleasantly
Clarke," but rather more artificial and laborious
known to younger habitués as the “Old Tycoon.”
than that striking work of fiction. It is told in the
This gentleman — who to quote his nephew, Pro-
(
first person by an eye-witness of some of the stir-
fessor Brander Matthews) "disliking the noisy,
ring events that led up to the Commonwealth, and
its incidents are seen in the retrospect of old age.
fast, stock-exchange element of the club," chose to
The narrator was not a soldier, except for a brief
pass his time “talking sense ” at one end of the
time and as it were by accident, but he was mixed
room with the few, while the many “talked dollars”
at the other was Townsend Harris, America's
up in the great fight at Marston Moor, and met
first Envoy to Japan, a man who did perhaps as
Cromwell face to face. Historical study of the
period and a close familiarity with the Yorkshire
much as any individual toward unsealing the Her-
mit Kingdom to the commerce and ideas of the
country have stood him in good stead, and his
West. Among the foreign diplomatists who assisted
story, if not wildly exhilarating, is at least well-
in that work, it is Mr. Harris's distinction to have
planned and interestingly told.
left by far the kindliest impression on the minds of
Dr. Conan Doyle's latest publication will not add
the Japanese. He is remembered by them to-day
to his reputation. It is in form a series of letters
“ the nation's friend.” Says the native writer,
addressed by a young English surgeon to a friend Nitobé: “ The mission of Perry was that of a pion-
in America, descriptive of the struggles of the for-
eer; that of Harris, a sower. The duty of one was
mer to gain a professional foothold and to attain
to force a barred door open; that of the other was
mental equilibrium in matters of philosophical and to keep it open. . . If an ambassador, according
religious concern. This double motive is at work to Wotton's definition, “is an honest man sent abroad
in every chapter of the correspondence, and the to lie for his commonwealth,' Harris was no diplo-
juxtaposition is utterly incongruous. Most readers matist. If, on the contrary, an American minister
will skip the moralizing (which is of a rather callow to an Oriental court is a representative of the moral
sort) and fix their attention
upon
the
very
slender
principles of the great Christian Republic, Harris
thread of the story, only to be disappointed in the deserves the name in its best sense.” The volume
pettiness and poverty of the narrative. The one seri-
“ Townsend Harris, First American En-
ous attempt at characterization is the singular Cul-
voy to Japan” (Houghton), edited by Mr. Wm. Elliot
lingworth, whose preposterous antics may be found Griffis, consisting of Mr. Harris's Japanese diary,
amusing, but who is no more a real living figure together with some complementary biographical and
than any wooden puppet worked by strings. If historical chapters by Mr. Griffis, is a very timely
Dr. Doyle cares anything for his literary standing, and acceptable book. Since the outbreak of the
he will abandon the sort of pot-boiling of which late war in the East, competent writers have shown
this book is a flagrant example, and will seek to us in ample detail the New Japan, politically a
regain public confidence by means of the historical
modern power, and fast outgrowing her period of
novel, of which he is an undoubted master.
tutelage ; but the New Japan cannot be understood,
Mr. Weyman is better advised in this respect I still less the nation's long and heroic effort in the
as
before us,


1895.]
257
THE DIAL
for "
It was
.t ܙܙ
way of self-transformation be appreciated, without “Advance Japan” (Lippincott). The author was
attaining a notion of what Japan was at the time long connected with the Tokio Department of Pub-
the process of change began. To this end, readers lic Works, and his pages have naturally a slightly
will find the present work decidedly helpful. The statistical flavor. He aims to call attention to
journal extends from August 21, 1856 (the date the more serious side of the Japanese, to their solid
of Mr. Harris's landing as Envoy at Shimoda), to qualities of perseverance and ambition of excelling,
February 27, 1858, when the hard-won treaty open- and particularly to the strong mechanical bent
ing the Japanese ports was ratified. The obstacles which has contributed largely to raise them to their
he encountered in the way of native insularism, and present position. He endeavors to show that the
official duplicity and obstruction, seem almost in- Japanese, so far from being, as popularly supposed,
credible in view of the Japanese character of to-day. essentially a race of clever copyists with “a genius
The journal is largely a record of a long and exas- for assimilating,” have a marked turn for initiative;
perating contest with native officialdom-a process and that they are already inventing and developing
of alternate wheedling and bluffing" on the part from their acquired standpoint on lines peculiarly
of the Envoy against a race of "diplomatists" who
their own.
To select a striking if rather question-
ways that are dark and tricks that are vain ” able example, the Murata rifle used by the Japan-
showed themselves no whit behind their Chinese ese forces, and one of the most destructive and
counterparts, and would have easily distanced the efficient weapons extant, is a native invention. An
comparatively ingenuous Talleyrands and Metter- idea of the staple matter of the volume may be
nichs of Europe. Once, the badgered Envoy writes gathered from such chapter-headings as “Admin-
plumply, “ They are the greatest liars on earth” – istration,” “ Natural History,” “Dress, Diet, and
a statement somewhat modified later on.
Manners," " Mines and Minerals," "Armaments,"
not until September 25, 1857, that Mr. Harris re- “ War with China,” “ Colonization and Trade,"
ceived permission to go to Yedo to present the Pres- “ The Future of Japan.” Each chapter is a com-
ident's letter to the Mikado in person - a prelim- pact summary of its subject-matter, from a point
inary step to a second stage of tedious diplomatic of view intimated in the rather flamboyant title of
fencing with the experts of the native Circumlocu- the volume. Mr. Morris is a decided Japanophile ;
tion Office. The battle, however, was finally won; and while his facts are undoubtedly accurate, we
and in 1859 Mr. Harris's services were rewarded think it is to be regretted that he has not toned
by the appointment, on President Buchanan's nom- down his somewhat optimistic views and forecasts
ination, as Minister Resident of the United States to with a tincture of the frank criticism and admoni-
Japan. He resigned in 1861, reaching America to tion that Japan just now peculiarly needs. She
find the nation he had served so well rent by civil has had applause and flattery enough to spoil a less
war. Says Mr. Griffis : “It was while returning practical people. Carlyle, we remember, getting
home, in an agony of fear for the safety of the impatient of the prolonged chorus in praise of
Union, that the loyal American, Townsend Harris, George Washington, once grimly announced his
was directly and personally insulted by the Captain intention “ to take George down a peg"; and there
of a British mail steamer flying the Confederate is possibly a growing number of those who await
flag. Englishmen often wonder whether Americans with interest the candid soul who shall do the like
“hate' them, and why.” Perhaps the captain thought by Japan. As to the late war, it is quite true that,
reprisals were in order for our usual ante-election as Mr. Morris says, Japan “thrashed her enemy
performances in regard to the Irish Question. Mr. within an inch of her life”; but the exploit would
Harris's diary forms an interesting and valuable seem to be, on her friends' showing, largely exag-
document, and the editor has put it in excellent gerated. It does not seem to occur to the recent
shape for the use of general readers.
writers who, on one page, hold up the Chinese
army to scorn as an “unorganized mob,” and laud
The Chino-Japanese war has made the Japanese army as a “magnificent fighting-
The Japan
of to-day.
it painfully evident that the fanciful machine" on the next, that they are thereby show-
notions long-current regarding the ing their idol's victory to have been a hollow affair
“child of the world's old age” stand badly in need relatively, and a poor criterion of what Japan
of revisal. To go on patronizingly viewing Japan might be expected to do if confronted in the field
as a clever child mimicking the ways of its elders, by a “fighting-machine
by a “fighting-machine" on a footing with her
and amusing itself for a space with its toy army,
Mr. Morris has something to say of Japan's
toy fleet, toy railroads, telegraph, etc., is out of the past history; and he sensibly scouts the popular
question since Yalu and Port Arthur. Japan her- error that she has put on Western civilization like
self has all along resented the unflattering flattery a garment - miraculously transforming herself, as
ladled out to her by amiable visitors like Sir Edwin it were, overnight, on the French plan in '89. As
Arnold ; and it is now plain that what may be the French Revolution smouldered for a century
termed the globe-trotter view of her must be re- before breaking into flame, so Japan's startling
placed by something more actual and prosaic. To changes in 1867-8 were due to the final upheaval
this end we know of no book at once more concise, of a political system long undermined by natural
practical, and comprehensive than Mr. J. Morris's | agencies. Japan too had, if on a narrower and
own.


258
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
more local scale of doctrine, her philosophes, her Miss Bicknell was an actual inmate of the Tuileries,
volunteers of the pen, her Rousseaus, Diderots, and seeing the Emperor and Empress almost daily, and
Condorcets, who riddled the time-worn fabric of meeting familiarly the members of their immediate
feudalism with solid bolts of fact and reason, as it entourage. She is thus enabled to paint for us in
tottered to its fall. The present volume contains minute and familiar detail royalty minus its state
a number of plates, including some interesting robes and formalities. A warm admirer of the
charts and cuts of naval and military engagements Emperor, she dwells on his unaffected gentleness
in the late war.
and amiability, his unfailing courtesy to all, from
minister to lackey, giving many anecdotes illustra-
Dr. Edward S. Holden's informing tive of these traits. Toward Eugénie she is less
Mogul Emperors
book on "The Mogul Emperors of
of Hindustan.
friendly; the estimate of her, as of her husband,
Hindustan” (Scribner) may be gen- tallying closely with that of M. Paul de Lano,
erally described as a mosaic of well-chosen extracts
whose opinion we have just cited. Portraiture and
from the best native and foreign authorities. The
anecdote form the staple of the volume, which is
author's own rather slender contribution to the text
well written and commendably free from question-
is creditable and scholarly, and serves to give it
able gossip and “revelations” of the baser sort.
some degree of narrative consistency. The chief Of the little Prince Imperial, “a pale, grave child,”
authorities consulted are the Memoirs of the em-
yet with his due share of a boy's turn for mischief,
perors themselves, which are freely quoted; the
some humorous stories are told none so humor-
standard histories of Elphinstone, Malcolm, Ers-
ous, however, as an accompanying portrait, repre-
kine, Price, Hunter, and Howorth; the records of senting him (at about five) clad in the uniform of
early missions and voyages; the translations of the
the Old Guard, and nearly extinguished by a bear-
native historians, by Sir Henry Elliot, Professor
skin shako that might have adorned one of his
Dowson, and Professor Blochmann. Chapter VIII.,
on “ The Ruin of Aurangzeb,” is a reprint of Sir grand-uncle's grognards. Alas, the brief humors
of the ill-starred Prince's childhood merge into pa-
William Hunter's fine sketch of the downfall of the
thos when one thinks of the boyish figure, a few
last great Mogul emperors. The present author has
years later, stretched cold and stark on the turf of
not essayed to give the history, or even a continuous
distant Zulu-land - the terrible assegai wounds all
historical study, of the reigns in question, but rather,
in front, for he died facing his foes, as became a
as he says, “ to present such views of the personages scion of the great Emperor. “When he saw," said
involved as an intelligent reader of the histories
the Zulus who had slain him, “that he was for-
themselves might wish to carry away.” This aim
saken and could not escape, he turned on us like a
seems to us to be amply fulfilled. The work opens
with a concise account of Tamerlane (in which it finding of the body : « He was lying on his back.
young lion”; and an eye-witness thus describes the
is made clear that Marlowe knew little beyond the
His head was so bent to the right, that the cheek
truculent side of his Scythian Shepherd's nature), touched the sward. His hacked arms were lightly
thence passes on to the reigns of Babar, Humayun,
crossed over his lacerated chest, and his face, the
Akbar, Jahangir, the Empress Nur-Mahal, Shah features of which were nowise distorted, but wore a
Jahan and Aurangzeb, and closes with an Appen. faint smile that slightly parted the lips, was marred
dix comprising a list of the various conquests of by the destruction of the right eye from an assegai
India, beginning with Alexander's, and ending with stab.”
Babar's, in 1525. There is also a useful chrono-
logical and genealogical table. There are a number
M. Pierre de Lano's “Napoleon
An apologist for
of curious illustrations, mainly portraits of the Mo-
Napoleon III.
III.,” the second volume in the “Se-
gul rulers, many of them from the originals in the
cret of an Empire” series (Dodd,
British Museum, and a few from miniatures belong- Mead & Co.), shows an advance in serious historical
ing to the author. By thus selecting and putting and personal interest over its rather gossipy and
together in compact shape information hitherto so sensational predecessor. The author is as favorably
widely dispersed and difficult of access, Dr. Holden disposed toward the Emperor as he was unfavorably
has done general readers a real service.
toward his wife—who, supposing M. de Lano's ac-
count of her to be measurably true, was not only a
French royalty
Miss Anna L. Bicknell's graphic cold wife and mother, a fickle friend, and a par-
in the days of the papers in "The Century Magazine" venue, but (as the instigator and fomenter of the
Second Empire. “Life in the Tuileries under the German war) a grave state criminal as well. M.
Second Empire ” have been issued, by the Century de Lano's portrait of Napoleon III. is pathetic and
Co., in a handsome volume. Miss Bicknell was engaging. In his pardonable admiration for the
the English governess of the daughters of the Emperor's private character, he endeavors, with
Duchesse de Tascher de la Pagerie, the daughter- some plausibility, to show that the iniquitous Coup
in-law of the Empress Josephine's first cousin who d'Etat of 1851 was virtually a revolution, in which
was installed with his household in the imperial its reputed author is to be regarded rather as a
residence throughout the Second Empire. On the semi-passive protagonist, who, the sport of destiny,
friendliest terms with the family of her charges, was borne resistlessly on by the current of events,
on


1895.]
259
THE DIAL
as a " Great
The last voyages
We suppose
&
and partly forced to enact his questionable rôle. ical on the lips of the Palmyrans and Bedawîn,
The plea seems to us decidedly more ingenious than is that of Zenobia Augusta in the pages of
than convincing. The volume closes with a spir- Trebellius Pollio, Zosimus, and Vopiscus.” The ex-
ited account, the details of which will be new toplorations and incidents recorded are the fruit of a
most readers, of Eugénie's flight from Paris after nine years' sojourn in Syria; and as the writing
Sedan, under the protection of the American den- was done on the spot, partly in the saddle and partly
tist, Dr. Evans. The affair throughout strikingly in the tent, it is unusually fresh, crisp, and full of
recalls the historic flight to Varennes, the Doctor's local color. Half the volume is devoted to the
too-sumptuous carriage taking the place of the ill- ruins of Palmyra and the story of Zenobia, and the
starred berline, and the little town of Evreux, remainder to travels and adventures in Bashan and
where the fugitives were recognized and stopped by the desert. The illustrations are profuse, and of
a mob, only lacking a Drouet and a Mayor Sausse much archæological interest.
to have fairly completed the parallel. The book is
graphic and piquant, and repays reading.
Sheridan
The latest volume in the “Great
Commanders” series (Appleton) is
An attractive volume entitled “ Na- Commander."
a life of General Sheridan, which
of Napoleon.
poleon's Last Voyages” (Lippin- was completed by the late General Henry E. Davies
cott) comprises the diaries, first of only a month before his death. The author served
Admiral Sir Thomas Ussher, who conveyed Bona- under Sheridan during the whole of his Eastern
parte to Elba on board the “Undaunted,” and, command, and admires him most heartily; but the
secondly, of John R. Glover, Secretary of Rear- book has little of the vivacity that personal acquaint-
Admiral Cockburn, who conveyed him to St. Helena ance and experience might have given it. From
on board the “Northumberland.”
the number of its details, it fails to make upon the
these documents are authentic; but it is to be re- reader the impression that a more artistic grouping
gretted that the editor has left us in the dark as to of the wonderfully interesting facts of Sheridan's
their history, and as to whether they have or have career might make exceedingly vivid. It is a solid
not been before published, entire or in part. There piece of work, showing painstaking labor, and may
is a note, however, appended by Mr. Glover to his
be relied on as a history of that part of the war in
diary, stating that the same was kept for his own which Sheridan was engaged. The special interest
gratification,
and particularly requesting that anyone lies in the chapters describing Sheridan's reorgani-
into whose hands it may fall shall not copy or print zation of the cavalry forces of the army of the Po-
it. How long this request was obeyed, we are not tomac against the strenuous opposition of General
told. The editor's contribution to the volume con- Meade, his brilliant campaign in the Shenandoah
sists of a few not indispensable notes, and some Valley, and his even more brilliant work in head-
rather superfluous facts as to Admiral Ussher, ing off Lee's army and making its capture inev.
whose portrait is also thrown in. The journals itable. This brief narrative shows that Sheridan's
themselves, especially Mr. Glover's, are very inter- success was not merely that of a dashing trooper,
esting. On the voyage to St. Helena, Napoleon but that he possessed the solid qualities of a great
seems to have conversed about himself, his past, his military leader, — caution, power of combination,
friends, and his rivals, with astonishing freedom; quickness in seeing and seizing an advantage, per-
and Mr. Glover's notes on the habits and appear- sonal attractiveness, and power of winning the con-
ance of the royal captive are fresh and graphic. fidence of his troops.
An interesting feature of the volume is the portraits
of the Emperor-chance sketches, several of them,
Lord Nelson's
The Life of Nelson written for the
showing him as he appeared at the time, and in
“ English Men of Action” series
character.
characteristic attitudes.
(Macmillan) by Mr. J. K. Laughton
is a straightforward narrative of the career of En.
Syrian history,
Dr. William Wright's comely volume gland's brilliant naval hero. The author indulges
archæology, entitled “Palmyra and Zenobia " in no fine writing, and the first half of the book is
and travels.
(Thomas Nelson & Sons) is about a little heavy; but when the story of Nelson's
evenly compounded of history, archæology, and achievements in the wars of the French Revolution
travels. In the way of history, the author naturally is reached, there is no lack of life, for the events
does not attempt to add much to what the early described are such as turn the current of history
historians have told us of Zenobia's disastrous con- and change the destinies of nations. The tone of
flict with the Romans; but he has nevertheless the book is sympathetic yet judicial. While the
availed himself to some extent of current popular greatness of Nelson's deeds is acknowledged, and
traditions, a source to which he inclines to ascribe the lovable qualities of the man and officer, and his
more weight than his predecessors have done. “In genius as a naval commander, are fully described,
a bookless land,” he says, “traditions are carefully the other side of the hero's character is not hidden.
preserved among a people who talk and listen, but His disgraceful relations with Lady Hamilton, his
do not read, and the wonderful story of the Sitt vanity and jealousy and insubordination, are set
Zeinab (or Lady Zenobia) is scarcely more myth. I forth fully enough to give a true portrait.
-
career and


260
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
BRIEFER MENTION.
LITERARY NOTES.
Mr. M. J. Knight has prepared, in two volumes, “ A “The Ailment of the Century,” by Dr. Max Nordau,
Selection of Passages from Plato for English Readers" is announced by Mr. F. Tennyson Neely, Chicago.
(Macmillan). The selections are from Jowett's trans- “ Frivolous Cupid," a new book by Mr. Anthony
lation, and the work carries out an expressed wish of Hope, is to be published at once by Messrs. Platt,
the late Master of Balliol. In fact, the selection was Bruce & Co., New York.
made in large part by Jowett himself, having in mind A work on the Greenland Icefields, by Professor G.
the needs of the University Extension student and of the Frederick Wright, is announced for early publication by
general reader. “The metaphysical part of Plato's Messrs. D. Appleton & Co.
philosophy has been kept in the background, attention
It is reported from London that Mr. Alfred Austin,
being drawn especially to the political and ethical ideals
the journalist and versifier, has been appointed poet
which form a great part of his teaching, and which, like
laureate. Such a report needs strong confirmation.
the simple truths of religion, have a peculiar and un-
“The Return of the Native," with a striking etched
dying attraction for ourselves." Each extract has a
frontispiece, is the latest addition to the standard library
brief introduction by Mr. Knight, and the work is fur-
series of Mr. Hardy's novels, published by Messrs. Har-
nished with a good index.
per & Brothers.
The revival of interest in the popular fiction of a past The first volume of the much talked of « Recollec-
generation has brought us many reprints of old favor-
tions" of the Hon. John Sherman is just issued by the
ites, and it has been clearly only a question of time
Werner Co., Chicago. The second volume is on the
when the romancer of the solitary horseman should
have his turn. Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons now issue,
press, and will be ready in about two weeks.
Mr. Robert Grant's “Opinions of a Philosopher
in what they call the “Fontainebleau Edition,” the
“ Richelieu "of G. P. R. James. There are two neat vol-
and “ Reflections of a Married Man,” familiar to read-
ers of “Scribner's Magazine,” now reappear in two
umes, boxed, without illustrations. If this is the fore-
tasteful volumes of Scribners' “ Cameo Edition."
runner of a complete edition of James, the publishers
have before them a task of no little magnitude.
“A Sportsman's Sketches," Tourguénieff's epoch-
making first book, now make two volumes in Mrs. Gar-
Professor C. Horstman, late of the University of Ber-
nett's series of translations from the great Russian.
lin, has edited for the “ Library of Early English Writ-
They are published by Messrs. Macmillan & Co.
ers" the works of Richard Rolle of Hampole and his
A new story by M. Jules Verne, in an English trans-
followers (Macmillan). The volume is the first to be
issued in the series to which it belongs, and contains no
lation entitled “Captain Antifer,” is announced by
Messrs. R. F. Fenno & Co., New York. The story re-
less than 442 closely-printed pages. There is no index,
lates to the struggle for Grecian independence in 1830.
or even conspectus of the contents of any sort, and the
Introduction, written in ponderous Teutonic style, gives
Messrs. Roberts Brothers have just published “The
practically no clue to the contents of the work. This
Marriage Contract” in their series of translations from
introduction, we are informed, is “to be continued,”
Balzac, and have added a fourth volume to their En-
but as to when, where, or why, the bewildered student
glish Molière. Both translations are by Miss Wormeley.
gets no intimation. We are, of course, thankful for An illustrated work on the “ Episcopal Palaces of
the bare text, but we should be doubly thankful were it England” is announced for immediate publication by
accompanied by a modicum of useful apparatus. Mr. Thomas Whittaker, New York. The work is to
Messrs. Curtis & Co., of Boston, publish a “ Hand-
contain 120 drawings, made by Mr. Alexander Ansted.
book of the New Public Library in Boston," compiled The Keats centenary was celebrated in Chicago, at the
by Mr. Herbert Small, and sold for the modest sum of
Armour Institute, the afternoon of October 29. The
ten cents. It is mainly devoted to the artistic features principal features of the occasion were an address by
of the building — the architecture and the painting – Mr. T. C. Roney and a poem by the Rev. F. W. Gun-
all of which are described at length, and well illustrated
saulus.
by photographic reproductions. The history of the A new edition of "Whist or Bumblepuppy," revised
library is not, however, wholly neglected, nor its special and enlarged, comes from the press of Messrs. Fred-
collections and other bibliographical features. Boston erick Warne & Co. This is too good a book to grow
may take a just pride in such an incorporation of the old, whatever direction the scientific evolution of the
higher civic ideals as this noble building with its con-
game may take.
tents embody, and visitors to the institution will do well Messrs. Macmillan & Co. inaugurate their “ People's
to provide themselves with the pamphlet which has oc- Edition ” of Tennyson with two booklets, not unlike
casioned this note.
the “ Temple” Shakespeare in appearance, containing,
Dr. Edward Everett Hale, Jr., has edited for the respectively, “ Juvenilia ” and “The Lady of Shalott
“ Atheneum Press” series of English classics (Ginn),
and Other Poems."
a volume of “Selections from the Poetry of Robert Professor William Cranston Lawton is about to pub-
Herrick." “I have tried," says the editor, “to give lish a volume of poems, in a limited edition upon hand-
all Herrick's best poems; but I have also, by including made paper. The book will appear in holiday garb,
some that are by no means his best, aimed at giving an illustrated, bearing the title “ Folia Dispersa.” It will
idea of his work that would be fairly accurate as well be sold only by subscription.
as pleasing." The editor's introduction, which extends Colonel Richard Malcolm Johnston visited Chicago
to some sixty pages, is a critical and biographical study a few days ago as the guest of the Twentieth Century
that exhibits high qualities of scholarship and discern- Club, and addressed that organization the evening of
ing taste. Notes, a glossary, and an index, complete October twenty-second, his subject being “Old-Time
the apparatus of this admirably-executed text.
Rural Life in Middle Georgia.”
be


1895.]
261
THE DIAL
A
Ruggiero Bonghi, the Italian philosopher and histo-
rian, died on the twenty-second of October. He was
born near Naples, in 1828 ; was the Italian translator
of Aristotle and Plato ; and a professor, deputy, and
cabinet minister under Minghetti.
Beginning with the December number, the annual
subscription to “The Arena” will be reduced from five
dollars to three. This announcement is coupled with
a promise that the review shall be “stronger, brighter,
abler, and more attractive than ever.”
Mr. Edward Arnold, the London publisher, has estab-
lished a branch office in New York, and announces for
immediate issue “Studies in Early Victorian Litera-
ture,” by Mr. Frederic Harrison, and “The Demagogue
and Lady Phayre,” by Mr. William J. Locke.
Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons announce for early
issue “ The Gold Diggings of Cape Horn, A Study of
Life in Terra del Fuego and Patagonia," by Mr. John
R. Spears ; a work narrating a journey made in an Ar-
gentine naval transport along the coast of Patagonia,
around Terra del Fuego.
Two new sections of the “Oxford English Dictionary"
(Macmillan) carry on the letters D and F from De-
pravative to Development, and from Fee to Field, re-
spectively. Dr. Murray is responsible for the former
letter, and Mr. Henry Bradley for the latter. Each of
these sections numbers sixty-four pages.
A collection of the essays of Mr. Gamaliel Bradford,
Jr., which have graced the pages of the “Atlantic
Monthly,” will be issued by Messrs. Macmillan & Co. in
a volume entitled “ American Types.” The same house
will soon publish a work on Mathematical Physics, by
Prof. A. G. Webster of Clark University.
“ The Combined Press” is the name given to a new
literary syndicate, of which Mr. John Kendrick Bangs
is president. It invites authors of repute to become
stockholders, and offers to place their MSS. to the best
pecuniary advantage. One thousand shares at fifteen
dollars each are to be issued. The headquarters are in
New York.
If the “ English Dialect Dictionary” is to become a
fact, it must receive the support of the public. A
thousand subscribers are needed, willing to engage to
pay $7.50 annually for eight years, in return for two
half-yearly parts. All such in this country should
notify the American agents, Messrs. G. P. Putnam's
Sons, New York.
Southey's “ English Seamen,” edited by Mr. David
Hannay, and Izaak Walton's lives of Donne, Wotton,
Hooker, Herbert, and Sanderson, are the newest volumes
in the beautiful and inexpensive series of “English
Classics,” issued under the general supervision of Mr.
W. E. Henley, and published in this country by Messrs.
Stone & Kimball.
A. H. D. Acland, Mr. H. O. Arnold-Foster, Mr. A. J.
Balfour, Mr. Augustine Birrell, Mr. James Bryce, Mr.
George N. Curzon, Sir Charles W. Dilke, Mr. R. B.
Haldane, Mr. R. C. Jebb, Lord Lorne, Sir John Lub-
bock, Mr. Justin McCarthy, Mr. T. P. O'Connor, Mr.
H. M. Stanley, and Sir George Trevdyan. Compari-
son with the American House of Representatives would
be too “odorous" for our patriotism.
Messrs. George H. Richmond & Co., New York, an-
nounce a sumptuous edition of Henri Beyle's famous
romance, “ La Chartreuse de Parme," which has never
before appeared in English. The edition will be a
limited one in three volumes, with thirty-two etchings
and an etched portrait of the author. The same firm
will issue a limited edition of a “Letter from Captain
Cuellar to His Majesty Philip II.” The letter is one
to which Froude makes reference in his “Spanish Ar-
mada," and is now first translated into English by Mr.
Henry D. Sedgwick, Jr.
Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons, following the example
of other houses, have just issued a neat portrait catalogue
of their publications. Nearly a hundred faces appear,
some of them far from familiar to the general public.
We note particularly the fine heads of Mr. R. D. Black-
more, the Rev. Stopford A. Brooke, Mr. Thomas Hodg-
kin, and Dr. Augustus Jessopp.— Another meritorious
catalogue, combining attractive typography and paper
with well prepared matter, is issued by Messrs. J. Sel-
win Tait & Sons. By means of compact descriptions
and brief quoted characterizations, the reader is enabled
to form a fair general idea of each work in the list.
Mr. Arthur Way and Mr. Frederic Spencer have
collaborated in the preparation of a pamphlet volume
summarizing “ The Song of Roland” for English read-
ers (Macmillan). The greater part of the epic is con-
densed into prose narrative, but the more striking epi-
sodes are put into a rough sort of English verse, of which
we subjoin a specimen :
“Roland is ware of the hand of death ;
with such might as he may
He upriseth, and rallieth his strength -
O me, but his face is grey!
He hath grasped sword Durendal bared ;
before him a brown rock rose ;
In sorrow and wrath he smiteth thereon
ten giant blows."
One can get a very fair idea of the substance and spirit
of the great epic from this little volume.
The next publication of the Grolier Club of New
York will be an edition of the Poems of Dr. John
Donne, reprinted from the edition of 1633, revised by
James Russell Lowell, with the various readings of the
other editions of the seventeenth century, and with a
preface, an introduction, and notes by Professor Norton.
The edition will be in two sixteenmo volumes, printed
from new Scotch type on German hand-made paper, and
will contain portraits of Dr. Donne, and other embel-
lishments. The work is expected to appear in Novem-
ber. It is interesting to note, in this connection, that
the new Caxton Club of Chicago, an organization some-
what similar to the Grolier, contemplates reproducing,
as its first publication, Franklin's edition, issued in Phil-
adelphia in 1744, of Cicero's “ Cato Major, or Discourse
of Old Age.” The translation is one made for Frank-
lin's edition by Judge Logan of Philadelphia; and in
the reprint it is intended to reproduce, so far as prac-
ticable, the characteristic features of Franklin's typo-
graphy.
a
Three additional autumn publications announced by
Messrs. Way & Williams, Chicago, are : “ Under the
Pines, and Other Verses,” by Mrs. Lydia Avery Coon-
ley, whose poems are not unknown to the readers of
periodical literature ; “Nim and Cum, and the Won-
derhead Stories,” a volume “for children and their
elders,” by Mrs. Catherine Brooks Yale ; and “The
Little Room, and Other Stories,” by Mrs. Madelene
Yale Wynne, with cover-design, frontispiece, and deco-
rations, by the author.
The new House of Commons includes in its member-
ship the following men of letters, among others: Mr.


262
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
November, 1895 (First List).
American Humorists. L. A. Sherman. Chautauquan.
Anglo-Indian Life, Modern. E. L. Weeks. Harper.
Arctic Book, A New. H. M. Stanley. Dial.
Armenian Question, The. James Bryce. Century.
Bagehot, Walter. Woodrow Wilson. Atlantic.
Coleridge's Note-Books, Leaves from. T. F. Huntington. Dial.
College Women, A Generation of. Frances M. Abbott. Forum.
Coöperation among Farmers. Edward F. Adams. Forum.
Croker, Richard. E. J. Edwards. McClure.
Duse, Eleonora. J. Ranken Towse. Century.
England, Ransome's History of. J. W. Thompson. Dial.
Equality as Basis of Good Society. W. D. Howells. Century.
Fine Art Copyright Act, A. G. E. Samuel. Magazine of Art.
Fromentin, Eugène. Garnet Smith. Magazine of Art.
German Women Leaders. Emily M. Burbank. Chautauquan.
Glacial Geology, Progress of. R. D. Salisbury. Dial.
Huxley's Essays. W. K. Brooks. Forum.
Issues of 1896. Thes. Roosevelt and W. E. Russell. Century.
Japan after the War. Lafcadio Hearn. Atlantic.
Jesus' Religion, Sociality of. George D. Herron. Arena.
Kaiserworth and Its Founder. Eleonora Kinnicutt. Century.
Keats Centenary, The. Montgomery Schuyler. Forum.
Lincoln, New Books about. Dial.
Lincoln's Boyhood. Ida M. Tarbell. McClure.
Literary Boston Thirty Years Ago. W.D. Howells. Harper.
Lowell, James Russell. William C. Lawton. Lippincott.
Medical Education. A. L. Benedict. Lippincott.
Mexico, The Republic of. Arthur Inkersley. Chautauquan.
Miles, Nelson A. George E. Pond. McClure.
Missions, Old Californian. J. Torrey Connor, Chautauquan.
Mural Decoration in America. Royal Cortissoz. Century.
Napoleon's Invasion of Russia. Poultney Bigelow. Harper.
Naval Warfare, Future of. Walter Mitchell. Atlantic.
Navy, The, as a Career. Alfred T. Mahan. Forum.
Novels, Recent English. William Morton Payne. Dial.
Occultism, Practical. Margaret B. Peeke. Arena.
Physical Education of Women in College, The. Atlantic.
Plutocracy and Paternalism. Lester F. Ward. Forum.
Poetry of the Victorian Era. Dial.
Railroad Situation, The General. O. D. Ashley. Forum.
Real and Ideal, The John Burroughs. Dial.
Sculpture of the Year. Claude Phillips. Magazine of Art.
South, The, and Free Silver. John T. Morgan. Arena.
Stamboloff. Stoyan K. Vatralsky. Forum.
Stevenson, Robert Louis. Mrs. Van Rensselaer. Century.
Tasso. M. V. Cherbuliez. Chautauquan.
Third-Term Tradition, The. J. B. McMaster. Forum.
Vaccination an Error. Alfred Milnes. Arena.
Woman's Position in Pagan Times. H. H. Boyesen. Forum.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
Recollections of Abraham Lincoln (1847-1865). By Ward
Hill Lamon, edited by Dorothy Lamon. With portrait,
12mo, pp. 276. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.50.
The Emperor Napoleon III. By Pierre de Lano; trang.
by Helen Hunt Johnson. With portrait, 12mo, pp. 383.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25.
The Journal of Countess Françoise Krasinska, Groat
Grandmother of Victor Emmanuel. Trans. from the
Polish by Kasimir Dziekonska. Illus., 16mo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 185. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.25.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
A Selection of Passages from Plato for English Readers.
From the translation by B. Jowett, M.A.; edited, with
introductions, by M.J. Knight. In 2 vols., 12mo, gilt tops.
Macmillan & Co. $3.50.
Miscellaneous Studies: A Series of Essays. By Walter
Pater. 12mo, uncut, pp. 222. Macmillan & Co. $1.75.
Earthwork Out of Tuscany: Being Impressions and Trans-
lations of Maurice Hewlett. With frontispiece, 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 179. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.75.
Abraham Lincoln's Speeches. Compiled by L. E. Chit-
tenden, author of "President Lincoln." With portrait,
16mo, gilt top, pp. 371. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25.
Impressions and Memories. By J. Ashcroft Noble. 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 173. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
Our Common Speech : Six Papers on Topics Connected
with the English Language. By Gilbert M. Tucker.
12mo, pp. 240. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25.
The Spirit of Judaism. By Josephine Lazarus. 12mo, gilt
top, pp. 202. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25.
The Reflections of a Married Man, and the Opinions of a
Philosopher. By Robert Grant. Each in 1 vol., with
frontispiece, 16mo, gilt top. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $2.50.
King Arthur: A Drama in a Prologue and Four Acts. By
J. Comyns Carr. 8vo, pp. 67. Macmillan & Co. 75 cts.
POETRY.
Poems of Home and Country, also, Sacred and Miscellan-
eous Verse, By Rev. Samuel Francis Smith, D.D.; ed-
ited by Gen. Henry B. Carrington, LL.D. With por
traits, 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 382. Silver, Burdett &
Co. $1.50.
Songs and Other Verses. By Dollie Radford. 16mo, un-
cut, pp. 93. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25.
The Tower, with Legends and Lyrics. By Emma Hunting-
ton Nason. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 141. Houghton, Mifflin
& Co. $1.25.
A Song of the Sea, and Other Poems. By Eric Mackay,
author of " Love Letters of a Violinist." 16mo, gilt top,
uncut, pp 162. Stone & Kimball. $1.25.
Poems of a Youthful Bard. By Gordon A. Damon. With
Portrait, 12mo, gilt edges, pp. 61. Detroit, Mich.: The
Author. 60 cts.
FICTION.
A Singular Life. By Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. 12mo, pp.
426. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
The Princess Sonia. By Julia Magruder. Illus., 12mo,
gilt top, pp. 225. The Century Co. . $1.25.
A Love Episode. By Emile Zola ; trans., with preface, by
Ernest Alfred Vizetelly. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 386.
J. B. Lippincott Co. $2.
The Life of Nancy. By Sarah Orne Jewett. 12mo, pp. 322.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
The Bachelor's Christmas, and Other Stories. By Robert
Grant. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 309. Chas.
Scribner's Song. $1.50.
A Wedding, and Other Stories. By Julien Gordon, author
of “ Poppæa." 12mo, pp. 232. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.
Lilith. By George Macdonald, author of "Donal Grant."
12mo, pp. 351. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25.
Matthew Furth. By Ida Lemmon, author of "A Pair of
Lovers.” 12mo, pp. 284. Longmans, Green & Co. $1.25.
The Wonderful Visit. By H. G. Wells, author of "The
Time Machine." 16mo, pp. 245. Macmillan & Co. $1.25.
Kitwyk Stories. By Anna Eichberg King, author of
“ Brown's Retreat, and Other Stories." Illus., 12mo,
pp. 319. The Century Co. $1.50.
The Secret of the Court: A Romance of Life and Death.
By Frank Frankfort Moore. Illus., 12mo, pp. 277. J.
B. Lippincott Co. $1.25.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 140 titles, includes books re-
ceived by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
HISTORY.
Napoleon's Last Voyages: Being the Diaries of Admiral
Sir Thomas Ussher, R.N., and John R. Glover, Secretary
to Rear Admiral Cockburn. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 203. J. B. Lippincott Co. $3.
An Advanced History of England from the Earliest Times
to the Present Days. By Cyril Raysome, M.A., author
of "A Short History of England." With maps, 12mo,
pp. 1069. Macmillan & Co. $2.25.
Life in the Tuileries under the Second Empire. By
Anna L. Bicknell. Illus., large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 279.
The Century Co. $2.25.
The Story of Bohemia. By Frances Gregor. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 486. Cranston & Curts. $1.50.
The Iroquois and the Jesuits. By Rev. Thomas Donohoe,
D.D. Illus., 12 mo, pp. 276. Buffalo Catholic Publica-
tion Co.


1895.]
263
THE DIAL
Miss Grace of All Souls. By William Edwards Tirebuck,
author of "St. Margaret." 12mo, pp. 351. Dodd, Mead
& Co. $1.25.
A Madeira Party. By S. Weir Mitchell, M. D. With
frontispiece, 32mo, gilt edges, pp. 165. Century Co. $1.
Beatrice of Bayou Tâche. By Alice Ilgenfritz Jones.
12mo, pp. 386. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.25.
The Way of a Maid. By Katharine Tynan Hinkson, 12mo,
pp. 300. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25.
Tales of an Engineer, with Rhymes of the Rail. By Cy
Warman. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 244. Chas. Scrib-
ner's Sons. $1.25.
In Defiance of the King: A Romance of the American
Revolution. By Chauncey C. Hotchkiss. 12mo, pp.
334. D. Appleton & Co. $1.
Red Rowans. By Mrs. F. A. Steel, author of “Miss Stuart's
Legacy." 12mo, pp. 406. Macmillan & Co. $1.
A Son of the Plains. By Arthur Paterson, author of "A
Man of His Word.” 12mo, pp. 261. Macmillan & Co.
$1.25.
The Rivalries of Long and Short Codiac. By George
Wharton Edwards. Illus., 32mo, gilt edges, pp. 156.
The Century Co. $1.
The Carbonels. By Charlotte M. Yonge, author of "The
Heir of Redclyffe.” Illus., 12mo, pp. 299. Thomas
Whittaker. $1.25.
As the Wind Blows. By Eleanor Merron, author of " The
Last Rehearsal.” With portrait, 12mo, pp. 330. Lovell,
Coryell & Co. $1.25.
John Darker. By Aubrey Lee. 12mo, uncut, pp. 466.
Macmillan & Co. $1.25.
Paul Heriot's Pictures. By Alison M'Lean, author of
Quiet Stories from an Old Woman's Garden." Illus.,
12mo, pp. 308. Frederick Warne & Co. $1.25.
The Crooked stick; or, Pollie's Probation. By Rolf
Boldrewood, author of "Robbery under Arms." 12mo,
unout, pp. 306. Macmillan & Co. $1.25.
The Horseman's Word. By Neil Roy. 12mo, pp. 438.
Macmillan & Co. $1.25.
Wild Rose: A Tale of the Mexican Frontier. By Francis
Francis, author of "Mosquito." 12mo, pp. 381. Mac-
millan & Co. $1.
One Woman's Story; or, The Chronicles of a Quiet Life.
By Ellen A. Lutz. Illus., 12mo, pp. 300. Cranston &
Curts. $1.25.
Fettered Yet Free: A Study in Heredity. By Annie S.
Swan, author of " Aldersyde." 12mo, pp. 454. Dodd,
Mead & Co. $1.25.
The Charlatan. By Robert Buchanan and Henry Murray.
12mo, pp. 272. Chicago : F. Tennyson Neely. $1.25.
La Belle-Nivernaise, and Other Stories. From the French
of Alphonse Daudet. Illus., 16mo, gilt top, pp. 221. T.
Y. Crowell & Co. $1.
Where Highways Cross. By J. S. Fletcher, anthor of
When Charles the First Was King." Illus., 16mo, pp.
194. Macmillan's “ Iris Series." 75 cts.
A Woman in It: A Sketch of Feminine Misadventure.
By “Rita." 12mo, pp. 285. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.
The Passing of Allx. By Mrs. Marjorie Paul. 12mo, pp.
266. Arena Pub'g Co. $1.25.
Lady Bonnie's Experiment. By Tighe Hopkins. With
frontispiece, 18mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 199. Henry Holt
& Co. 75 cts.
Wilmot's Child. By Atey Nyne. 18mo, pp. 194. Dodd,
Mead & Co. 75 cts.
One Rich Man's Son. By Mrs. Emma Lefferts Super.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 209. Cranston & Curts. 90 cts.
The Rev. John Henry. By Percival R. Benson. 18mo,
uncut, pp. 188. A. S. Barnes & Co.
NEW VOLUMES IN THE PAPER LIBRARIES.
Rand, McNally's Globe Library: The Wish, by Hermann
Sudermann. 12mo, pp. 296. 50 cts.
Allen & Co.'s Way Town Series: There Came a Day, by
Harvey Hinton. 12mo, pp. 306. 50 cts.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Cruising among the Caribbees: Summer Days in Winter
Months. By Charles Augustus Stoddard, author of “ Bo-
yond the Rockies." Illus., 8vo, pp. 198. Chas. Scrib-
Hans Breitmann in Germany - Tyrol. By Charles G.
Leland. 16mo, uncut, pp. 168. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25.
Notes of a Professional Exile. By E. S. Nadal. With
frontispiece, 32mo, gilt edges, pp. 164. Century Co. $1.
NATURE STUDIES.
The Pheasant: Its Natural History, eto. By Rev. H. A.
MacPherson and others. Illus., 12mo, uncut, pp. 265.
Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.75.
Subject to Vanity. By Margaret Benson. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 144. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25.
SCIENCE.
Studies in the Evolutionary Psychology of Feeling.
By Hiram M. Stanley. 8vo, uncat, pp. 392. Macmillan
& Co. $2.25.
Darwin, and after Darwin. By George John Romanes,
M.A. Part II., Post-Darwinian Questions of Heredity
and Utility. With portrait, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 344. Open
Court Pub'g Co. $1.50.
The Growth of the Brain: A Study
of the Nervous System
in Relation to Education. By Henry Herbert Donald-
son. Illus., 12mo, pp. 374. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.25.
Electricity for Everybody: Its Nature and Uses Explained.
By Philip Atkinson, A.M., author of " Elements of Static
Electricity.” Illas., 12mo, pp. 239. Century Co. $1.50.
Lehrbuch der Allegemeinen Psychologie. Von Dr.
Johannes Rehmke. 8vo, uncut, pp. 582. New York:
Gustav E. Stechert.
FINANCIAL AND SOCIAL STUDIES.
Public Finance. By C. F. Bastable, M.A. Second edition,
revised and enlarged ; 8vo, uncut, pp. 716. Macmillan &
Co. $4.
Statistics and Sociology. By Richmond Mayo-Smith,
Ph.D. 8vo, gilt top, pp. 399. Macmillan & Co. $3.
PHILOSOPHY.
Hedonistic Theories from Aristippus to Spencer. By John
Watson, LL.D. 12mo, uncut, pp. 248. Macmillan & Co.
$1.75.
LAW.
The History of English Law before the Time of Edward I.
By Sir Frederick Pollock, Bart., M.A., and Frederio W.
Maitland, LL.D. In 2 vols., large 8vo, uncut. Little,
Brown, & Co. Boxed, $9.
THEOLOGY AND RELIGION.
College Sermons. By the late Benjamin Jowett, M.A.;
edited by the Hon. W. H. Fremantle, M.A. 12mo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 348. Macmillan & Co. $2.
The Christ of To-Day. By George A. Gordon. 12mo, gilt
top, pp. 322. Houghton, Mimin & Co. $1.50.
The Spirit of the age, and Other Sermons. By David
James Burrell, D.D. 12mo, pp. 381. New York: W.
B. Ketcham. $1.50.
Dr. Miller's Year Book: A Year's Daily Readings. By J.
R. Miller, D.D. With portrait, 16mo, gilt top, pp. 366.
T. Y. Crowell & Co. $1.25.
ART AND MUSIC.
Old Dutch and Flemish Masters. Engraved by Timothy
Cole. With critical notes by John C. Van Dyke and com-
ments by the engraver. 4to, gilt top, pp. 192. The Cen-
ner's Sons. $1.50.
Washington in Lincoln's Time. By Noah Brooks, author
of "American Statesmen." 12mo, gilt top, pp. 328. The
Century Co. $1.25.
tury Co. Boxed, $7.50.
Masterpieces of the Great Artists (A. D. 1400-1700). By
Mrs. Arthur Bell (N. D'Anvers). With photogravures
and other illustrations, large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 85. Mac-
millan & Co. $7.50.
A Book about Fans: The History of Fans and Fan-Paint-
ing. By M. A. Flory; with a chapter on fan-collecting
by Mary Cadwalader Jones. Wlus., 8vo, gilt top, pp.
141. Macmillan & Co. $2.50.
Stories of the Wagner Operas. By H. A. Guerber, an-
thor of "Myths of Greece and Rome." Illus., 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 191. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE,
Novels of Adventure by Charles Lever. A new series
in 6 vols., comprising : Maurice Tiernay, the Soldier of
Fortune ; Sir Jasper Carew: His Life and Experiences;
Confessions of Con Cregan, the Irish Gil Blas; Roland
Cashel. Illus., 12mo, gilt tops. Little, Brown & Co. $15.
:
66


264
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
The Complete Poetic and Dramatic Works of Robert A New Alice in the Old Wonderland. Illus., 12mo, gilt
Browning. Cambridge edition ; with portrait, 8vo, gilt top, pp. 309. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.
top, pp. 1033. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $3.
The Horse Fair. By James Baldwin. Illus., 8vo, pp. 418.
The Wandering_Jew. By Eugène Sue, author of "The The Century Co. $1.50.
Mysteries of Paris." In 2 vols., illus. with etchings, Chris and the Wonderful Lamp. By Albert Stearns.
etc., 12mo, gilt tops. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $3.
Ilus., 12mo, pp. 253. The Century Co. $1.50.
Pocket Edition of Charles Kingsley's
Works. New vol- The Elf-Errant. By Moira O'Neill. Illus., 12mo, uncut,
umes : Westward Ho! 2 vols.; Two Years Ago, 2 vols.; pp. 109. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
Alton Locke, 1 vol. Each, 18mo. Macmillan & Co. Per The Kanter Girls. By Mary L. B. Branch. Illus., 8vo,
vol., 75 cts.
pp. 219. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
Richelieu: A Tale of France. By G. P. R. James, author Witch Winnie at Versailles. By Elizabeth W. Champney,
of “ Philip Augustus." Fontainebleau edition; 2 vols., author of “ Witch Winnie." Illus., 12mo, pp. 355. Dodd,
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266
(Nov. 1,
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NEW AND SUCCESSFUL FICTION
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