441 The University of Cbicago Libraries Cres. Vita Cat Sci Exco- entia latur | THE DIAL A Semi-Montbly Fournal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information VOLUME XXIII. JULY 1 TO DECEMBER 16, 1897 CHICAGO: THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 1897 P P Dag V,23 THE DIVERTF CRIAND LIBRARIES CHICAGO, ILLA Curhange Gran Torer r of social 10571 PAOB . . . . 0 . . . • . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . 61, . . . . . . INDEX TO VOLUME XXIII. ACADEMY GAME, THE 381 AMERICAN FICTION, NEW IDEAL IN Margaret Steele Anderson 269 AMERICAN HISTORY, MONOGRAPHS IN Edward E. Sparks. 90 AMERICAN LITERATURE Anna B. McMahan 87 AMERICAN REVOLUTION, LITERARY HISTORY OF THE B. A. Hinsdale 143 “ AMERICAN STYLE Edmund Kemper Broadus 139 ART AND LIFE . Edward E. Hale, Jr. 181 BALKANS, ETERNAL PROBLEM OF THE Charles H. Cooper 70 BALLIOL, THE LATE MASTER OF . C. A. L. Richards 8 BARD, AN ENGLISH, AND HIS SCOTCH EDITOR Melville B. Anderson 113 BIBLE, FOCALIZED ON THE Ira M. Price 117 BIRD BOOK, A MONUMENTAL Sara A. Hubbard 333 BISMARCK AND THE GERMAN EMPIRE Charles H. Cooper 250 BOOKS, DECORATIVE ILLUSTRATION OF Frederick W. Gookin 68 BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG, 1897 342, 398 Books OF THE FALL SEASON OF 1897 137 BOSWELL, A PENDANT TO 142 BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA, SIR HARRY JOHNSTON IN 178 BRITISH NAVY, HISTORY OF THE 111 BROWNING, MRS., LETTERS OF Louis J. Block 274 CARLYLE's Most CHARACTERISTIC WORK, FIRST ANNOTATION OF D. L. Maulsby 88 CHICAGO PUBLIC LIBRARY, THE . 207 CONSTITUTION, EVOLUTION OF A James Oscar Pierce 67 CONTINENTAL LITERATURE, A YEAR OF 83 DE VERE, AUBREY, RECOLLECTIONS OF Louis J. Block 248 DRAMA, PRE-SHAKESPEARIAN Albert H. Tolman 389 DRAMA, VICTORIAN Tuloy Francis Huntington . 247 EAST, SECRET OF THE Edward E. Hale, Jr. 42 EDUCATION, RECENT STUDIES IN Hiram M. Stanley 219 EGYPT, CORRESPONDENCE OF Two KINGS OF, 1500 B. C. James Henry Breasted 116 ENGLISH, TEACHING OF, ONCE MORE 35 ENGLISH WORDS, STUDY OF Margaret Cooper McGiffert 217 Ex-PRESIDENT'S VIEWS OF HIS COUNTRY Harry Pratt Judson 386 FAITH AND PHILOSOPHY John Bascom 71 FAITH INSTINCTIVE John Bascom 148 FICTION, RECENT William Morton Payne 18,91,282,389 FRANCE PREPARING FOR THE REVOLUTION James Westfall Thompson. 277 GREEK LITERATURE, MURRAY'S HISTORY OF Martin L. D'Ooge 89 HERO-WORSHIP 105 HISTORY, EARLY NORTHWESTERN, MORE LIGHT ON B. A. Hinsdale 40 HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS OF 1897 334, 392 JUBILEE RETROSPECT, A 5 KNOWLEDGE, FOUNDATIONS OF Frank Chapman Sharp 215 LINES, MAGIC S. R. Elliott 239 LITERARY ANNIVERSARY, A 173 LITERARY VALUES Charles Leonard Moore : 175 MAN AND CIVILIZATION, STUDY OF Frederick Starr 86 MAN AND DESTINY, ESSAYS ON Frederick Starr 218 MEDIEVAL LITERATURE, STUDIES IN William Morton Payne 45 MÜLLER, MAX, ANDREW LANG'S BOUT WITH Frederick Starr 388 NATURE AND WILD LIFE Sara A. Hubbard 12 NAVAJOS, LEGENDS AND Music OF THE Frederick Starr 146 NEW TESTAMENT, STUDIES IN THE Shailer Mathews 251 NIPPUR AND ITS OLD BRICKS . Ira M. Price 281 NOTHING BUT LEAVES Edward E. Hale, Jr. 145 PHILISTINE WATCHWORD, A 323 POETRY, RECENT William Morton Payne : 183 PUBLISHING HOUSE, A Famous, ANNALS OF 325 PURITAN NEW ENGLAND, A GLIMPSE OF Percy Favor Bicknell 328 SCHOLAR AND THE STATE John J. Halsey 279 SHAKESPEARE IN CHICAGO, II. W. E. Simonds 37 SOCIAL STUDY, FACT AND FICTION IN C. R. Henderson 48 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O . . . . . . . . . 与 ​00018 iv. INDEX. PAGR 65 . . . . . SPITZBERGEN, ACROSS AND AROUND STOWE, MRS., LIFE AND LETTERS OF 384 TEACHING ENGLISH FOR A LIVELIHOOD George Beardsley 270 TENNYSON MEMOIRS, THE . 212 TOUCHSTONE OF FACT IN MATTERS OF STYLE Edward E. Hale, Jr. 334 TRAVELS, NEW BOOKS OF Hiram M. Stanley 15, 330 UNIVERSITY INSTRUCTOR AT BERLIN, MODERN TYPE OF James Taft Hatfield 107 WAGNER AND THE BAYREUTH IDEA William Morton Payne 242 WHEN DOCTORS DISAGREE . William Edward Simonds 209 YERKES OBSERVATORY, THE 237 YUCATAN, RUINED CITIES AND MONUMENTS OF Frederick Starr 44 ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS OF 1897 152, 192 BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING, CLASSIFIED LIST OF 25 BRIEFS ON New Books 20, 51, 74, 93, 118, 149, 189, 220, 253, 287 BRIEFER MENTION . 23, 76, 97, 120, 151, 191, 224, 256, 290 LITERARY NOTES 24, 52, 77, 97, 120, 160, 191, 224, 257, 290, 346, 403 TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS 26, 77, 121, 258 LISTS OF NEW BOOKS . 26, 53, 78, 98, 121, 193, 225, 258, 291, 347, 404 . . . . . . PAGE 96 . . . • 395 . . . . . . . . . . . 51 . . . . . . . . · 345 . . AUTHORS AND TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED. PAGB Abbott, C. C. Fireside and Forest Library 337 Benson, E. W. Cyprian Abbott, Evelyn. Life and Letters of Jowett 8 Berenson, B. Venetian Painters, holiday edition 339 Abbott, Jacob. Rollo Books, new edition . 346 Besant, Sir Walter. A Fountain Sealed 389 About, Edmond. King of the Mountains . 120 “ Bibelot" Series, new vols. in. Adams, W. I. Lincoln. Sunlight and Shadow 339 Bigelow, Poultney. White Man's Africa 331 Aflalo, F. G. The Literary Year-Book 76 Bigham, Clive. Through Western Asia 17 Alaska, Rand-McNally's pocket map of . 162 Blackmore, R. D. Dariel 390 Alger, Abby L. In Indian Tents 399 Blaisdell, A. F. Practical Physiology 151 Allen, Francis H. Nature's Diary 289 Blanchan, Neltje. Bird Neighbors 340 Allen, Grant. An African Millionaire 391 -Blanchard, Amy E. A Dear Little Girl 402 Alling-Aber, Mary. An Experiment in Education 219 Blashfield, E. H. and E. W. Vasari's Lives 339 Altsheler, J. A. A Soldier of Manhattan 285 Bloundelle-Burton, J. The Clash of Arms 390 America and the Americans 118 Boissier, Gaston. Cicero and his Friends American Colonial Tracts 24, 52, 121, 161, 224 Boix, Emile. Liver of Dyspeptics 161 Amicis, E. de. Cuore, new edition 346 Bompiani, Sophia V. The Waldenses 190 Amicis, E. de. On Blue Water 340 Bonehill, Ralph. Gun and Sled 346 Anderson, Jessie M. Study of English Words 217 Boothby, Guy. Fascination of the King 20 Angot, Alfred. The Aurora Borealis 76 Bouvet, Marguerite. Little House in Pimlico Argyll, Duke of. Philosophy of Belief 73 Brigham, J. F. Pellico's Francesca da Rimini 161 Armour, Margaret. Fall of the Nibelungs 338 Brinton, D. G. Maria Candelaria 288 Arnold, B. W., Jr. Tobacco Industry in Virginia 91 Britton and Brown. An Illustrated Flora, Vol. II. 23 Asbjörnsen, P. C. Fairy Tales from the Far North 398 “ Brocade " Series, new vols. in 395 Atwell, Henry. Pensées of Joubert 397 Brooke, Stopford. Old Testament and Modern Life 23 Austin, J. O. Roger Williams Calendar 291 Brooks, E. S. Century Book of the Revolution 342 Austin, L. F. At Random . 23 Brown, Kate L. The Plant Baby 400 Baldwin, Joseph. School Management 220 Browne, Irving. The Book-Worm 340 Balzac, Dent-Macmillan edition of 77, 97, 257 253 Banks, Louis A. An Oregon Boyhood. 346 Ở Bruce, Alexander B. With Open Face : 251 Barlow,Jane. Irish Idylls, illus. by Clifton Johnson 340 Bryce, James. Impressions of South Africa . 331 Barnes, James. A Loyal Traitor. 286 Buchan, John. Sir Walter Ralegh 291 Barnes, James. Commodore Bainbridge 343 Buckham, James. The Heart of Life · 185 Barnes, James. Yankee Ships and Sailors. 403 Bunner, H. C. Three Operettas . . 399 Barr, Robert. The Mutablo Many 19 Burlingame, H. J. Hermann the Magician 340 Baskett, James N. Story of the Birds 14 Burns's Poetical Works, “Cambridge” edition 388 Baucus, Georgiana. In Journeyings Oft Burrage, E. Harcourt. The Vanished Yacht . . 403 Baum, L. Frank. Mother Goose in Prose . Butterworth, Hezekiah. Over the Andes 345 Baylor, Frances C. Miss Nina Barrow . Butterworth, Hezekiah. True to his Home . 343 Bazin, René. Italians of To-Day. 332 Butts, E. L. Manual of Physical Drill 191 Bede, Cuthbert. Verdant Green, new edition 341 Cable, G. W. Old Creole Days, holiday edition . 336 Bellamy, Edward. Equality. 49 Caine, Hall. The Christian . 283 Belloc, Hilaire. Verses and Sonnets 189 Calendars for 1898 341 Benham, Charles. The Fourth Napoleon 391 Cargill, J. F. The Big-Horn Treasure 345 Bennett, John. Master Skylark 344 Carlyle, Thomas. Montaigne Benson, A. C. Lord Vyet 189 Carlyle's Works, “ Centenary" edition 77, 257 . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 333 · 399 , 401 . . . . . . . . . 256 • . O . . INDEX. V. PAGR PAGE 223 . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 . . . . . Carpenter, F. I. English Lyric Poetry Dickens, Mamie. My Father as I Recall Him . 190 Carpenter, F. I. Outline Guide to Study of En- Dickens's Works, “ Gadshill" edition 291 glish Lyric Poetry 223 Diderot's Rameau's Nephew, new edition · 191 Carus, Paul. Karma, third edition. 346 Dixson, Zella A Index to Prose Fiction 253 Central Berkshire Illustrated 397 Dobson, A. English Literature, new edition . 121 Chadsey, C. E. Struggle between President Joha- Dodge, Mary Mapes. New Baby World . 400 son and Congress over Reconstruction 91 Dole, Edmund P. The Stand-By 284 Chamberlain, H. S. Richard Wagner 242 Dole, N. H. Matthew Arnold's Poems . 191 Chamberlain, N. H. Samuel Sewall 328 Douglas, Amanda M. Children at Sherburne 401 Chamberlain and Clark. Vocal Expression 403 Douglas, Amanda M. Hannah Ann . . 401 Chambers, R. W. With the Band 185 Douglas, Amanda M. Her Place in the World 401 Champney, Elizabeth W. Pierre and bis Poodle . 345 Dowden, Edward. French Revolution and En- Champney, Elizabeth W. Witch Winnie in Venice 401 glish Literature 74 Chapin, Anna A. Story of the Rhinegold . 399 Dowden, Edward. Selections from Wordsworth 391 Chapman, Abel. Wild Norway 16 Doyle, A. Conan. Uncle Bernac . 92 Chapman, Frank M. Bird-Life 13 Drake, Samuel A. On Plymouth Rock 402 Chapman, Mrs. E. R. Marriage Questions in Mod- Drummond, Henry. The Habitant 394 ern Fiction 94 Drysdale, William. The Beach Patrol . 345 Chatfield-Taylor, H. C. The Vice of Fools 286 DuBois, W. E. B. Suppression of Slave Trade 90 Chautauqua Books for 1897-98 97 Du Maurier, George. The Martian . 91 Christian Worship 149 Dunning, E. J. Genesis of Shakespeare's Art 288 Christison, J. S. Crime and Criminals 222 Durrett, R. T. Bryant's Station . 93 Church, A. J. Lords of the World 343 Edgren, H. Brief Italian Grammar 403 Church, Samuel H. John Marmaduke . 284 Elliot, D. G. Gallinaceous Game Birds 394 Claghorn, Kate H. College Training for Women 220 Ely, Dean of. Ely Cathedral . 289 Claretie, Jules. Bricbanteau, Actor . 287 Everett-Green, Mrs. E. A Clerk of Oxford 402 Claretie, Jules. Crime of the Boulevard 287 Everett-Green, Mrs. E. Sister Clark, Imogen. Will Shakespeare's Little Lad . 344 Evil and Evolution 73 Clemens, S. L. How to Tell a Story 75 “ Faïence" editions, new vols. in 161 Clifford, Mrs. W. K. Mrs. Keith's Crime, new ed. 161 Fairbrother, W. H. Philosophy of T. H. Green . 120 Clover, Sam T. Paul Travers' Adventures 345 Farmer, J. E. Essays on French History 96 Clowes, W. L. The Royal Navy. 111 Farrar, F. W. The Bible 117 Codman, John. An American Transport in the Farrow, G. E. The Missing Prince . 398 Crimean War 94 Field, Eugene. Lullaby-Land . . 399 Colton, Julia M. Annals of Switzerland 161 Field, Mr. and Mrs. R. M. Muses up to Date 398 Comstock, John H. Insect Life 224 Fields, Annie. Life and Letters of Mrs. Stowe . 384 Connell, F. Norreys. The Fool and his Heart 20 Filon, Augustin. The English Stage . 247 Conway, Sir W.M. First Crossing of Spitsbergen 65 Fisher, G. P. History of Christian Doctrine 72 Coonley, Lydia A. Singing Verses . 399 Fiske, Amos K. Myths of Israel 118 Cooper, J. Fenimore. Autobiography of a Pocket- Fiske, John. The Critical Period, holiday edition 336 Handkerchief Fletcher, J. S. Ballads of Revolt 189 Corbett Collection of Casts, Catalogue of 290 Fletcher, J. S. In the Days of Drake . 283 Corbin, John. School Boy Life in England 396 Flying Leaves 397 Coues, Elliott. Henry and Thompson Journals 40 Foote, Elizabeth L. Librarian of Sunday School 224 Courthope, W.J. English Poetry, Vol. II. 221 Ford, Paul L. Story of an Untold Love . 285 Cox, Jacob D. Battle of Franklin 288 Foster, R. F. Complete Hoyle 161 Craddock, Charles Egbert. Young Mountaineers 344 Fouqué, De la M. Undine, illus. by Miss Pitman 339 Craik, Henry. Selections from English Prose 97 Franklin and Marshall College Obituary Record . 291 Crane, Walter. Decorative Illustration of Books 68 Frazer, R. W. British India. 96 Craufurd, A. H. Christian Instincts and Modern Freeman, E. A. In Normandy and Maine 16 Doubt 148 Frost, W. H. Knights of the Round Table 343 Crawford, F. Marion. A Rose of Yesterday 18 Fuller, Anna. Pratt Portraits, holiday edition 341 Crawford, F. Marion. Corleone. 284 Garrett, Edmund H. The Puritan Coast · 337 Creevy, Caroline A. Flowers of Field, Hill, and Gavard, Charles. A Diplomat in London 21 Swamp 190 Gibbons, H. de B. Industry in England 48 Crockett, S. R. Sir Toady Lion 403 Gibson, Charles Dana. London 392 Crowe, Eyre. Thackeray's Homes and Haunts 52 Gibson, William Hamilton. Eye Spy 289 Cruikshank Fairy-Book 398 Gibson, William Hamilton. My Studio Neighbors 289 Curtis, Atherton. Masters of Lithography 120 Giddings, F. H. Theory of Socialization 52 Dallinger, F. W. Nominations for Elective Office 91 Gilbert, G. H. Student's Life of Jesus . 251 Davids, E. Rhys. Buddhism. 74 Gilder, Richard Watson. For the Country 184 Davis, R. H. Cuba in War Time 76 Gladstone, W. E. Later Gleanings 148 Davis, R. H. Soldiers of Fortune Gollancz, I. “ Temple Classics” 77, 97, 121, 256 Dawson, A. J. Mere Sentiment 92 Gollancz, I. “Temple Dramatists” 77, 97, 121, 256 Dawson, A. J. Middle Greyness 92 Gomme, G. L. King's Story Book 402 Deland, Ellen D. Alan Ransford Goodwin, Maud W. Romances of Colonial Virginia 336 Deland, Ellen D. A Successful Venture . 401 Goodwin, Maud W., and others. Historic New York 337 De Vere, Aubrey, Recollections of 248 Gordon, H. R. Pontiac, Chief of the Ottawas 285 . . . . . 74 . . . . . . . . . . . . O . . . • • 18 . . • 401 • . vi. INDEX. . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • . . O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PAGE Gosse, Edmund. Seventeenth Century Studies 95 Graham, P. Anderson. The Victorian Era 121 Griffin, A.P.C. Catalogue Washington Collection 151 Guerber, H. A. Stories of Famous Operas 396 Guiney, Louise Imogen. Patrins 145 Hale, Edward Everett. Susan's Escort 287 Hall, Bradnock. Fish-Tails 20 Hall, Edith K. Adventures in Toyland 400 Harding, S. B. Contest over Ratification in Mass. 90 Hardy, W.J. Book-Plates, revised edition 120 Harland, Marion. Old-Field School-Girl . 401 Harland, Marion. Some Colonial Homesteads 336 Harp, Story of the. 341 Harraden, Beatrice. Untold Tales of the Past : 402 Harris, J. R. and Helen B. Letters from Armenia 17 Harris, Joel C. Aaron in the Wildwoods 344 Harris, Samuel. God the Creator 72 Harrison, Benjamin. This Country of Ours. 386 Hart, A. B. Am. History Told by Contemporaries 95 Hart, Mrs. Ernest. Picturesque Burma 330 Harte, Bret. Three Partners . 284 Hay, Henry H. Trumpets and Shawms 186 Hay, John. Speech at Unveiling of Bust of Scott 160 Hayens, Herbert. An Emperor's Doom 402 Hayens, Herbert. Soldiers of the Legion 402 Hazen, C. D. Contemporary American Opinion of French Revolution 255 H. B. and B. T. B. Book of Beasts. 400 H. B. and B. T. B. More Beasts 400 Henderson, W. J. Last Cruise of the Mohawk 343 Hendry, H. Red Apple and Silver Bells 399 Henley, W. E. Works of Byron . 113 Henty, G. A. With Frederick the Great 343 Higginson, T. W. Procession of the Flowers . 13 Higginson, T. W. Book and Heart . 183 Hill, G. Birkbeck. Johnsonian Miscellanies 142 Hillis, N. D. Foretokens of Immortality 149 Hinde, Sidney L. Fall of the Congo Arabs 15 Hobhouse, L. T. Theory of Knowledge 215 Hodges, George. In this Present World 149 Holmes, William H. Monuments of Yucatan 44 Hommel, Fritz. The Ancient Hebrew Tradition . 117 Hopkins, Albert. Magic 347 Hopkins, Tighe. Dungeons of Old Paris Horton, George. Constantine . 286 Horton, R. F. Oliver Cromwell Hotchkiss, C. C. A Colonial Free Lance 285 Hough, E. Story of the Cowboy . 255 Housman, A. E. A Shropshire Lad . . 188 Houston, D. F. Nullification in South Carolina . 90 Hovey, H. C., and Call, R. E. The Mammoth Cave 151 Howells, W. D. An Open-Eyed Conspiracy 284 Hubbard, Elbert. Little Journeys for 1897 397 Hughes, J. L. Froebel's Educational Laws 220 Humphrey, Maud. Little Grown-Ups . 400 Humphreys, A. L. The Private Library 76 Huntington, A. M. Note-Book in Spain 396 Hurll, Estelle M. Madonna in Art. 393 Ian Maclaren Year-Book 341 « Illustrated English Library” Ingersoll, Ernest. Golden Alaska 162 Ingersoll, Ernest. Wild Neighbors 402 Inman, Henry. Old Santa Fé Trail . 393 Irving, Washington. Astoria, “ Tacoma” edition 336 Jackson, Lady, Works of, new edition 161 James, William. Essays in Popular Philosophy . 149 Janes, Lewis G. Samuell Gorton 91 Jerrold, Walter. Bon-Mots of 18th Century . 256 . PAGB Johnson, Helen K. Sayings of Famous Men . 341 Johnson, Helen K. Woman and the Republic 50 Johnson, Henry. Exploits of Myles Standish . 402 Johnston, Harold W. Latin Manuscripts 75 Johnston, R. M. Old Times in Middle Georgia . 287 Johnston, Sir Harry H. British Central Africa . 178 Jones, Chloe Blakeman. . Lovers' Shakspere 341 Judson, Harry P. The Young American 224 Kemble, E. W. The Blackberries 400 Kemp, E. W. Outline of Method in History 161 Kenyon, F. G. Mrs. Browning's Letters 274 Ker, W. P. Epic and Romance 47 King, H. M. Baptism of Roger Williams . 151 Kipling, Rudyard. Captains Courageous 344 Kipling, Works of, “Outward Bound” edition 42 Kitton, F. G. Novels of Dickens 190 Kuhns, L. Oscar. Dante's Divine Comedy 256 Kuhns, L. Oscar. Nature in “ Divine Comedy". 256 Lang, Andrew. Modern Mythology . 388 Lang, Andrew. Pink Fairy Book 398 Lang, Andrew. Selections from Wordsworth 341 Larned, J. N. A Talk about Books 76 Larned, w. c. Arnaud's Masterpiece 286 Lathrop, Rose Hawthorne. Memories of Hawthorne 96 Lawrence, Ruth. Colonial Verses 187 Leask, Keith. Life of Boswell 51 Leighton, Robert. The Golden Galleon 343 Lesser, M. A. Echoes of Halcyon Days 186 Lewis, E. H. First Book in Writing English 224 Life's Comedy, second series . 397 Lincklaen, John, Journals of 289 Lincoln, Jeanie G. An Unwilling Maid 402 Locke, William J. Derelicts 19 Logan, John A., Jr. In Joyful Russia 16 Longfellow's Evangeline, holiday edition 392 Love's Messages . 290 Lummis, Charles F. King of the Broncos . 403 Lummis, Charles F. The Enchanted Burro . 403 Lydekker, R., and others. Natural History 257 Mabie, H. W. Old English Love Songs . 396 MacCoun, Townsend. The Holy Land 287 Mach, E. The Analysis of Sensations MacMechan, Archibald. Carlyle's Sartor Resartus 88 Macy, Jesse. The English Constitution 67 Magnay, Sir William. The Fall of a Star. 283 Manly, J. M. Pre-Shaksperean Dramas 389 Manning, Miss. Mary Powell, new edition 341 Mansfield, Richard. Blown Away 400 Marchmont, A. W. By Right of Sword . 391 Mason, A. E. W. Lawrence Clavering. 390 Mason, A. E. W. The Philanderers 92 Mason, A. J. Principles of Ecclesiastical Unity. 52 Masterman, J. Howard B. Age of Milton 224 Mathews, F. Schuyler. Features of the Roadside 190 Matthew, J. E. Literature of Music 76 Matthews, Washington. Navaho Legends . 146 Maxwell, Sir Herbert. Memories of the Months. 13 McCarthy, J. History of Our Own Times, Vol. IV. 220 McCarthy, Justin. Life of Gladstone · 393 McDonald, R. A Princess and a Woman . 93 McGiffert, A. C. Christianity in Apostolic Age . 252 Mead, W. E. Selections from Morte Darthur 346 Mercer, H. C. Researches on Antiquity of Man . 120 Meredith, Owen. Lucile, illus. by M. Lemaire . 397 Merriman, H. S. In Kedar's Tents . 391 Miall, L. C. Round the Year . 13 Mifflin, Lloyd. At the Gates of Song 186 Miller, Olive Thorne. Upon the Tree Tops 12 . . . . . . . • . . . 22 . · 190 . . . · 150 . . . . • . . . . • 290 . . . . . . INDEX. vii. PAGE PAQ . . . . . . . • 401 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ► . . . . 339 . 19 . . . . . . . . . Miller, William. The Balkans 70 Porter, Charlotte, and Clarke, Helen A. Brown- Milman, Helen. In the Garden of Peace 14 ing's Ring and the Book 191 Mitchell, D. G. American Lands and Letters 87 Potter, H. C. Scholar and the State 279 Mitchell, D. G. English Lands, Letters, and Powers, Laura B. Missions of California . 223 Kings, Vol. IV. 256 Poyen-Bellisle, R. de. Journées d'Avril 187 Mitchell, S. Weir. Hugh Wynne 285 Praeger, S. Rosamond. Three Bold Babes • 400 Molesworth, Mrs. Meg Langholme . 401 Prang's 1897 Christmas Cards and Calendars . 396 Molesworth, Mrs. Miss Mouse and her Boys . Prince Uno. 398 Montgomery, D. H. Students' American History 291 Princeton Sesquicentennial Lectures, The 24 Monvel, Boutet de. Joan of Arc. 342 Putnam, G. H. Authors and Publishers, 7th ed. 191 Moore, F. Frankfort. The Impudent Comedian 19 Pyke, Rafford. Adventures of Mabel 398 Moore, F. Frankfort. The Jessamy Bride. 19 Queen, Private Life of the . 256 Morgan, T. H. Development of Frog's Egg 254 Ramsay, W. M. Impressions of Turkey 331 Morley, John. Machiavelli 290 Ratzel, Friedrich. History of Mankind 86 Morley, Margaret W. Familiar Flowers 222 Raymond, Evelyn. Little Red Schoolhouse . 401 Morley, Margaret W. Flowers and their Friends 223 Read, Opie. Bolanyo 286 Morris, Robert J. Hopkins's Pond 14 Redway, J. W. Natural Elementary Geography 161 Morris, William O'Connor. Hannibal 223 Remington, Frederic. Drawings. 335 Moulton, W. F., and Geden, A. S. Concordance to Revolutionary Tendencies of the Age 48 Greek Testament 118 Richards, Laura E. Three Margarets 401 Mulock, Miss. John Halifax, Crowell's edition 224 Richardson, O. H. The National Movement 51 Munkittrick, R. K. The Slambangaree 398 Rideing, W. H. Boyhood of Famous Authors 344 Munroe, Kirk. The Painted Desert. 345 Rivers, George R. R. Captain Shays. 286 Murray, Gilbert. Ancient Greek Literature 89 21 Nash, H. S. Genesis of Social Conscience. 48 Rodney G. B. In Buff and Blue. 285 Neville-Rolfe, E. Naples in the Nineties 15 Rossetti, D. G. The White Ship. 395 Newell, W. W. Arthur and the Table Round Saintsbury, George. Flourishing of Romance. 45 Newton and Gadow. Dictionary of Birds 333 Sanford, M. Bourchier. A Jesuit Mission . Nicholson, William. An Alphabet 341 Saunders, Marshall. King of the Park. 345 Nicholson, William. Almanac of Sports 394 Sawtelle, Alice E. Spenser's Classical Mythology 22 Nixon, Mary F. With a Pessimist in Spain 333 Schulz, A., and Hammar, A. The New Africa 330 Noble, Harriet. Study of Literary Art 255 Seidmore, Eliza R. Java 332 Norton, Charles L. Midshipman Jack . 343 Scott, Hattie M. Organic Education 151 Norwich, Dean of. Ecclesiastical History 255 Scott, Hugh M. The Nicene Theology 72 Ogden, Ruth. Little Homespun 402 Seawell, Molly E. Twelve Naval Captains 403 “Old World ” Series, new vols. in 395 See, T. J. J. Evolution of Stellar Systems 75 Oliphant, Mrs. Annals of a Publishing House 325 Shakespeare's Hamlet, illus. by H. C. Christy . 397 Orson, S. W. Rousseau's Confessions 256 Sheldon, H. I. Notes on Nicaragua Canal 23 Otis, James. Boys of Fort Schuyler 342 Shelley, H. C. Ayrshire Homes of Burns . 341 Otis, James. Signal Boys of '75. 342 Shelton, W. H. The Last Three Soldiers 343 Otis, James. Wreck of the Circus 345 Sherman, Caroline K. Dante's Vision of God . 395 "Quida.” The Massarenes 20 Sherman, F. D. Little-Folk Lyrics 399 Page, T. N. Social Life in Old Virginia 396 Sienkiewicz, H. Quo Vadis, holiday edition 334 Paine and Mayer. Autobiography of a Monkey . 400 Skinner, C. M. Nature in a City Yard 12 Paine and Ver-Beck. The Dumpies . 400 Sloane, W. M. Life of Napoleon, Vol. IV. 335 Paine, Timothy Otis, Poems of 184 Smeaton, Oliphant. Life of Smollett 51 Painter, F.T. N. Introduction to Am. Literature 88 Smith, F. Hopkinson. Gondola Days 340 Palgrave, F. T. Landscape in Poetry 119 Smith, Gertrude. Ten Little Comedies. 401 Palmer, Lucia H. Oriental Days 397 Smith, Mary P. W. Young Puritans of Old Hadley 343 Parker, Gilbert. Pomp of the Lavilettes 93 Smyth, Newman. Place of Death in Evolution 148 Parker, Gilbert. A Romany of the Snows 93 Snaith, J. C. Fierceheart the Soldier 92 Parkhurst, H. E. Song Birds and Water Fowl 394 Spabr, C. B. Distribution of Wealth in the U. S. 254 Pasha, Slatin. Fire and Sword in Soudan, new ed. 290 Spenser's Faerie Queene, illus. by L. F. Muckley. 338 Pater, Walter. Essays from “The Guardian” 395 Spenser's Faerie Queene, illus. by Walter Crane . 338 Paulian, Louis. Beggars of Paris 51 Spenser's Shepheard's Calendar, illus. by Crane Pearson, Karl. The Chances of Death . 218 Spofford, Harriet Prescott. In Titian's Garden . 187 Pemberton, Max. Christine of the Hills 20 Stables, Gordon. The Island of Gold . 403 Pemberton, Max. Queen of the Jesters 391 Staffer, E. Christ during his Ministry . 149 Perkins, J. B. France under Louis XV. 277 Steevens, G. W. Land of the Dollar 189 Peters, John P. Nippur 281 Stephens, Riccardo. Mr. Peters 93 Phillips, Mary E. Reminiscences of W. W. Story 397 Sterne's Sentimental Journey, illus. by Robinson . 397 Piatt, John James. Odes in Obio 184 Stevenson, Robert Louis. St. Ives 282 Pierson, Clara D. Meadow People 400 Stevenson Song-Book . . 399 Plebn, Carl C. Public Finance 254 St. Leger, Hugh. The Rover's Quest 346 Plummer, Alfred. Commentary on Luke 252 Stockard, H. J. Fugitive Lines 185 Plympton, Miss A. G. Wanolasset 402 Stockton, F. R. A Story-Teller's Pack. 93 Poems, Ten Noble . 76 Stockton, F.R. Pomona's Travels, new edition . 341 Porter and Clarke. Clever Tales. 191 Stoddard, W.O. Lost Gold of the Montezumas . 343 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii. INDEX. PAGB · 392 . . . . . . · 161 . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 . . . 21 . . PAGE Stoddard, W.O. The Red Patriot . 342 Vuillier, Gaston. History of Dancing Streamer, Volney. Voices of Doubt and Trust 290 Wagner, Richard. A Pilgrimage to Beethoven 161 Sturgis and Krebbiel. Bibliography of Fine Art. 24 Walker, G. L. Religious Life of New England . 149 Sullivan, J. F. Here They Are!. 398 Wallis, Alfred. Works of Rabelais . 191 Sullivan, J. F. The Flame-Flower . 398 Warner, C. D. Being a Boy, illus. by C. Johnson . 344 Sweet, H. Student's Anglo-Saxon Dictionary 23 Warner, C. D. People for Whom Shakespeare Sybel, H. von. Founding of the German Empire, Wrote 222 Vol. VI.. 250 Warner, C. D. Relation of Literature to Life . 181 Taine, H. A. Journeys through France 331 Warren, Kate M. Spenser's Faerie Queene Tarr, R. S. First Book of Physical Geography 76 Watson, Augusta C. Beyond the City Gates . 285 Tarver, J. C. Observations of a Foster Parent 220 Watson, John. The Cure of Souls 71 Tennyson Memoir, The 212 Watson, William. The Year of Shame. 188 Tennyson's In Memoriam, holiday edition 338 Watts-Dunton, T. Jubilee Greeting at Spithead . 188 Thomson, H. C. The Outgoing Turk 17 Webster, Leigh. Rich Enough 402 Thomson, John S. Estabelle 187 Wells, H. G. The Invisible Man. Thompson, Francis. New Poems. . 188 Wenley, R. M. Outline of Kant's Critique 346 Thorburn, S. S. His Majesty's Greatest Subject , 283 Wetterstrand, Otto G. Hypnotism 119 Thoreau, H. W. Walden, holiday edition . 336 Wharton, Anne H. Martha Washington “ Thumb-Nail Series,” new vols. in the . 341 Whiteley, Isabel. The Falcon of Langéac . 18 Tolstoï, Lyof. The Gospel in Brief . 52 Whitney, Mrs. A. D. T. The Open Mystery. 149 Tomlinson, E. T. Guarding the Border 402 Wiedemann, A. Religion of Ancient Egyptians 254 Tomlinson, E. T. Washington's Young Aids . 342 Williams, R. O. Questions of Good English 334 Tracy, Louis. An American Emperor 93 Williamson, G. C. Portrait Minatures . 394 Tyler, C. M. Bases of Religious Belief 148 Wilson, James Grant. Ulysses S. Grant 150 Tyler, Moses C. American Colonial Literature . 143 Wiltse, Sara E. Story of Jean Valjean 256 Tyler, Moses C. Literary History of American Winckler, Hugo. Tell-el-Amarna Letters . 116 Revolution 143, 221 Windle, B. C. A. Life in Early Britain . 289 Upton, Bertha and Florence. Little Hearts 400 Winfield, A. M. Poor but Plucky . 346 Upton, Bertha and Florence. Vege-Men's Revenge 400 Winfield, A. M. Schooldays of Fred Harley . 346 Urmy, Clarence. A Vintage of Verse 185 Winworth, Freda. Epic of Sounds 346 Vaile, Charlotte M. Sue Orcutt. . 401 Workman, Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Awheel in Iberia 15 Van Dyke, Henry. Gospel for an Age of Doubt. 72 Wright, Mabel O., and Coues, E. Citizen Bird . 223 Van Dyke, Henry. The Builders 184 Wyllarde, Dolf. A Lonely Little Lady 402 Van Dyke, Henry. The First Christmas Tree . 337 Yeats, S. Levett. The Chevalier d'Auriac. 283 Venezuelan Commission, Report of the 23, 120 Yechton, Barbara. Derick . 345 Vincent, Frank The Plant World . 14 Yersin, M. and J. Phono-Rhythmic French Method 290 Vincent, M. R. Commentary on Philippians 252 Yonge, Charlotte M. Founded on Paper 401 Voynich, E. L. The Gadiiy 18 | Zogbaum, R. F. All Hands 335 . . . . . . . . . . . . . O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MISCELLANEOUS. Allen, Grant, and College Education. Edgar J. Ingelow, Jean, Death of . . 77 Goodspeed 210 “ Inquirendo into the Wit and Other Good Parts" " Art and Life." F. L. Thompson 241 of Certain Writers. Emily Huntington Miller 177 Art in a Sordid Age. Lines. Edith M. Thomas . 384 Inspiration. Poem. Charlotte M. Packard 273 Authors and Publishers, A Proposal to Levy Japanese Magazine of Foreign Languages. Ernest Tribute on 403 W. Clement. 141 Bateman, Newton, Death of 251 Japanese Self-Taught. Ernest W. Clement 64 “Century Magazine " Prizes, The. 77 Logia, The Newly Discovered 53 Congressional Librarian, The New 77, 97 Meilbac, Henri, Death of 52 Crerar Library, The. T. V. V. 241 Out of a Thousand. Sonnet. Edith M. Thomas 241 Crerar Library, The, and the Wishes of its Founder. Palgrave, Francis Turner, Death of 257 G. H.. 272 “Patrins.” Poem. Emily Huntington Miller . 141 Dana, Charles A., Death of . 257 “ Philosopher Decadent." - A Reply. Thomas Dante as a Tonic for To-Day. Oscar Kuhns 110 Common. Dante Society among Fishermen, A. Katharine M. Rhetoric, Lack of Scientific Work in. Selden F. Graydon. 110 Smyser 141 Dawn. Poem. Emily Huntington Miller 7 Rhetoric, Scientific Work in. Willard C. Gore 210 English Correspondence. Temple Scott . 383 Rollins, Alice Wellington, Death of 403 English, Preparatory.- A Teacher's Experience. “Survivals” and “ Archaisms." W. H.J. 38 A. J. George 64 Tariff on Books, The New 77 Fiske, John, and Francis Bacon. Theron S. E. Dizon 272 Text-Books, A Text from. Tuley F. Huntington . 211 German Translation, Some Questions of. “ The Incommunicable Trees.” Poem. John Vance Klenze 140 Cheney 178 Hutton, Richard Holt, Death of 191 Thompson, D. G., Death of . 52 In a Volume of Lowell's Letters. Sonnet. F. L. Winsor, Justin, Death of 257 Luqueer 138 World's Congresses of 1893, Bibliography of. « In Memoriam,' Metre of.' w. j. Rolfe 7 Charles C. Bonney 39 . 38 . O . . . . C. von . . . . • . :JUL 1 1897 le7 social RECO ........... unt THE DIAL A SEMI- MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. FRANENSTE.BROWNE.} Volume XXIII. No. 265. CHICAGO, JULY 1, 1897. 10 cts. a copy. I 315 WABASH AVE. 1 Opposite Auditorium. 82. a year. 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Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the English history has naturally called forth a current number. REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and great quantity of retrospective writing, and the for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; history of progress during the sixty years of the and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished Victorian period has been discussed in all of on application. All communications should be addressed to THE DIAL, 315 Wabash Ave., Chicago. its aspects. In such a review of an eventful term of years, the history of literature neces- No. 265. JULY 1, 1897. Vol. XXIII. sarily plays a considerable part, and, in this case, the delimitation of a period by the dates CONTENTS. of a reign is somewhat less arbitrary and arti- ficial than it is in others. It has often been A JUBILEE RETROSPECT 5 pointed out that the Victorian age is one of the COMMUNICATION . 7 most distinctly defined in English literary his- The Metre of “In Memoriam." W.J. Rolfe. tory, and it seems as certain as anything of the DAWN. (Lines.) Emily Huntington Miller 7 sort reasonably can be that the term “ Victor- THE MASTER OF BALLIOL. C.A.L. Richards '. 8 ian” will become as fixed a thing in our literary annals as the term “ Elizabethan” bas been for NATURE AND WILD LIFE. Sara A. Hubbard 12 Skinner's Nature in a City Yard.- Mrs. Miller's the past two centuries. In point of fact, as Upon the Troo-Tops.— Chapman's Bird-Life.- Hig- every student knows, the former term is a better ginson's The Procession of the Flowers.- Maxwell's fit than the latter; for what we call Victorian Memories of the Months.- Miall's Round the Year. Miss Milman's In the Garden of Peace.- Morris's literature really belongs to the reign of the Hopkins's Pond, and Other Sketches.- Baskett's present Queen, while a large part of what is The Story of the Birds.-Vincent's The Plant World. commonly called Elizabethan is, strictly speak- TRAVELS FAR AND VARIOUS. Hiram M.Stanley 15 ing, Jacobean, being seventeenth-century work. Workman's Sketches Awheel in Modern Iberia.- Neville-Rolfe's Naples in the Nineties.- Hinde's Mr. Saintsbury goes so far as to reckon Milton The Fall of the Congo Arabs.-- Chapman's Wild and his contemporaries within the Elizabethan Norway.- Freeman's Sketches of Travel in Nor- period, and it is hardly probable that future mandy and Maine.- Logan's In Joyful Russia.- Harris's Letters from the Scenes of the Recent Mass- historians will call Victorian the poets (if there acres in Armenia.- Thomson's The Outgoing Turk. are any) of the next mid-century. - Bigham's A Ride Through Western Asia. Perhaps the most astonishing reflection sug- RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne 18 gested by the subject of the Jubilee is that when Voynich's The Gadfly.- Crawford's A Rose of Yes- terday.- Miss Whiteley's The Falcon of Langbac.- Victoria came to the throne in 1837, Goethe Davis's Soldiers of Fortune.- Sanford's The Ro- and Scott had been dead only five years. The mance of a Jesuit Mission.- Barr's The Mutable mood of Browning's question, “ Did you once Many.- Moore's The Jessamy Bride.- Moore's The Impudent Comedian and Others.-- Locke's Dere- see Shelley plain ?” comes upon us when we licts. - Quida's The Massarenes.- Boothby's The realize that there must be a number of people Fascination of the King.- Connell's The Fool and living to-day who have seen and spoken with His Heart.- Max Pemberton's Christine of the Hills. the poet at Weimar or with the novelist at BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 20 Abbotsford, and that the reign of one monarch The diversions of a serious man.- A satirical French observer of London life.- Art collectors and collect- stretches back from the present year to a time ing.- A book for all true American women.- when the loss of those two men was still fresh Physics and psychology.-Spenser's use of classical in the heart. They seem in so many ways so mythology.-Some attenuated random prattlings.- Criticism and preaching. immeasurably remote from us even if we BRIEFER MENTION have taken from them daily inspiration all our 20 lives long — that it is difficult to imagine a LITERARY NOTES 24 time when men felt about them as we of to-day LIST OF BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING 20 feel, for example, about Tennyson and Renan. TOPICS IN JULY PERIODICALS 26 When we note, also, that Coleridge and Lamb LIST OF NEW BOOKS 26 had died in 1834, and that, in the very year . . . . . . . . . . . 6 [July 1, THE DIAL 66 of Her Majesty's coronation, the fatal bullet Cooper's tales had been given to the world, had sped to Puskin's heart, while Leopardi that the poetical reputation of Bryant was well had dashed himself to death against the established, while the foundations were laid for prison-bars of an existence that ever seemed the reputations of Whittier and Longfellow, to him intolerable, the mood of retrospection and that the very year with which we are con- becomes deepened in us, and we wonder that cerned was that in which Emerson's address on such “far-off things" can thus be linked with 6. The American Scholar was heard and the our own lives. “ Twice-Told Tales” of Hawthorne collected We often speak of “ books of the year.” Let for publication. for publication. While the showing for the us see what these books were in the year of year is not a remarkable one, even when we grace 1837. In poetry, there was Browning's cast Prescott's “ Ferdinand and Isabella” into Strafford,” which had already been preceded the balance, it is evident that American litera- by “ Pauline ” and “Paracelsus,” but the poet ture was fairly on its feet, and that its future had not yet found his audience, and was des- was promising enough. tined to wait for a full generation before tak. It is a curious coincidence that both the ing his place in the temple of fame. In fiction, foremost American writer and the foremost Bulwer's “ Ernest Maltravers" appeared, and English writer now living should have been strengthened the hold upon the public already born in the same year, and that the year of the secured by “ Rienzi,” “ The Last Days of Pom- accession of the Queen. With all his critical peii,” and eight or nine other novels. Far vagaries and artistic inequalities, the position more popular than these works, however, were of Mr. Howells as our leading man of letters the productions of a young writer known as to-day may hardly be disputed, while the place " Boz," who had published his his famous of Mr. Swinburne, as not merely the greatest “Sketches " the year before, and who, in the of living English poets, but as the greatest poet year of the coronation, completed the immortal now living in the world, is beyond any possible Pickwick,” and began the publication of question. It is difficult to think of either of - Oliver Twist.” In this year, also, Disraeli these men as venerable, but sixty years goes published “Venetian," and stood midway in his far toward making up the normal tale of flamboyant career as a writer of fiction. As for human life, and both novelist and poet must Thackeray, his first serious appearance in lit- henceforth, for as long as they shall be spared erature dates from this same year, with the us, take their places among the elders of the publication of The Yellowplush Papers.” The literary hierarchy. more solid « books of the year Whewell's Mr. H. D. Traill, in a recent summary of History of the Inductive Sciences,” Hallam's the English literature of the Victorian era, “ Literature of Europe,” Lockhart's biography makes a rough division of the sixty years into of Scott, and Carlyle's “ French Revolution, three periods. The first score of years was a at last rewritten after the heartbreaking destruc- flowering time that brought into prominence tion of its first draft. When we bring together the seven great names of Tennyson, Browning, these titles that mean so much to the student of Carlyle, Macaulay, Dickens, Thackeray, and English literature, we cannot help wondering Ruskin. During the second period the tide - of whether any books of pure literature produced high literary achievement was pretty steadily in the year 1897 will stand as high “sixty receding,” and with the single, if the splendid, years hence" as “ Strafford” and “ Pickwick exception of Mr. Swinburne, the period not do now; whether the year bas produced his- only produced no new poet of supreme genius, tories that will wear as well as Carlyle and but brought forth none with any pretensions Hallam have worn, or a biography that is worthy to a place in the first rank.” When we think to be ranked with Lockhart's great achieve- of Arnold, Morris, and Rossetti, it is impos- ment. sible to accept so rash a dictum as the above, We have singled out for mention nine En- yet it is no doubt true that these names, to- glish books of the year 1837. Let us make the gether with that of George Eliot, are not enough number ten by adding, merely for its suggests wholly to redeem the middle Victorian era from iveness, Harriet Martineau's Society in Amer- the charge of being essentially “the age of ica.” The condition of English literature on Trollope as a novelist and of Martin Tupper as As for the twenty years now ended, saying that Irving had produced the greater the principal things that Mr. Traill finds to say part of his work, that rather more than half of are that the art of the novelist has displayed were this side of the Atlantic may be outlined by a poet. 1897.] 7 THE DIAL > > great vitality, and that if the new poets are but that he could not read a line of Shakespeare correctly “minor,” they are far better than the minor if it contained any peculiarity of accent or syllabication. The study of versification is generally neglected in the poets of earlier periods. secondary schools, and too often in the colleges. An examination of cisatlantic English litera- Apropos of the verse of “In Memoriam,” Mr. Joseph ture during the past sixty years reveals the fact Jacobs, in his little book on the poem (London, 1892), that Mr. Traill's three-fold division applies to dwells upon the “poverty and inaccuracy of the our case also — roughly, of course, because all rhymes. He gives in an appendix a list of the “ false such artificial divisions are rough - but well rhymes," which he makes out to be “no less than 168 in 1448 couplets." The actual number is 48 or less, a enough to deserve employment. That is, our few instances being open to question. Mr. Jacobs greater American writers accomplished the includes many “eye rhymes,” like love, move, which all bulk of the best work during the first twenty- poets use freely; and rhymes of dissyllables with mono- syllables, like flower, hour, that are absolutely faultless, year period; during the second period there was the dissyllable being treated as a monosyllable in rhythm a distinct decline in productiveness, although a as in rhyme by all our poets at will. Rhymes like ear, few brilliant names, as in England, redeem our hear, the words differing only by the aspirate, are also literary annals from sterility; and during the reckoned by Mr. Jacobs, as by some authorities on verse, third period we find an expansion of the arts of among his bad ones; but they are used by Milton (who has arms, harms, and high, I, if no others of the kind) fiction and poetry corresponding to what Mr. and by many other poets. Tennyson, moreover, occa- Traill finds in the literature of his own country. sionally uses “identical rhymes,” like here, hear, and All of which facts go to show, what a good ours, hours, which are allowed in Italian and certain many people still need to be shown, that all the other languages, and are admitted by sundry English deeper forces operating in the development of poets familiar with Italian; as Milton (who has ruth, Ruth, etc.), and James Russell Lowell (holy, wholly, our common literature operate upon both sides etc.). Besides here, ear (twice), we find in “In Me- of the Atlantic, and that the “salt estranging moriam” art, heart (twice), hearth , earth, arm, harm, and sea cannot bring about any real separation here, hear, whirled, world, and moor, more. In the first between the literatures of two nations having, rhymes in ev., which read: edition there was another instance of this latter class of : up to comparatively recent times, a common “This holly by the cottage eave, history and a common intellectual and social To-night angather'd shall it stand ; tradition, while they still have, and always must We live within the stranger's land, And strangely falls our Christmas eve." retain, a common unifying speech. It now reads: "To-night ungather'd let us leave This laurel, let this holly stand ;" etc. The change was evidently made for other reasons than COMMUNICATION. getting rid of the “identical rhyme.” Rejecting all these rhymes regarded as faulty by THE METRE OF “IN MEMORIAM." Mr. Jacobs, we still have left some very bad ones: curse, (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) horse; is, this; seas, peace; Lord, guard; sphere, there; Professor C. Alphonso Smith, in his interesting article I, enjoy; put, short, etc. One, on, occurs three times, to on this subject in THE DIAL for June 16, says that he say nothing of gone, one, and one, alone, which, though cannot believe Mr. Jennings is right in assuming that “eye rhymes,” are dubious examples of their class. Tennyson “ thought he bad invented the metre." The Some familiar rhymes, as Mr. Jacobs notes, are often Professor appears to be misled by the fact that Jennings repeated: flower, hour, eight times; good, blood, seven makes this remark in commenting upon the publication times; while love is rhymed with prove seven times, and of “In Memoriam " in 1850. At that time the poet with move or remove eight times. W. J. ROLFE. doubtless was “ too well versed in the lore of versifi- Cambridge, Mass., June 21, 1897. cation to consider himself the inventor of so simple a metrical combination "; but in 1833, when he first used the stanza in “You ask me why,” etc., he may not have seen Herbert's volume, which (as I have said in my edition of “In Memoriam ”) is very rare and DAWN. scarcely known even to critical students of early English (Figure on the tomb of Lorenzo de Medici.] poetry. It is more remarkable that Rossetti should have sup- Unfinished ? Nay; the Dawn is but a soul posed, in 1844, that he bad rediscovered the metre. He That hovers, doubtful, in this ortal air; had probably read Tennyson's early poems in this form, 'Tis we who mould and shape the perfect whole, if not the examples of it in Herbert and Ben Jonson, And weave each day her garments fine and fair. but had forgotten that they were in the same metre. I have personally found that students and teachers who A face half seen, with wistful, kindling eyes, were well read in Tennyson had never noticed that these That woos and beckons but eludes us still; familiar early poems were in the metre of “In Memo- Out of the brooding, pulsing dusk she cries, riam.” I have known more than one college teacher “Lo, I am born! come clothe me as you will ! ” who was so ignorant of the elements of versification EMILY HUNTINGTON MILLER. 66 8 (July 1, THE DIAL The New Books. When his companions were at play he would be stretched on the hearth-rug over Pope's Homer or Rollins's Ancient History. He knew his THE LATE MASTER OF BALLIOL.* Cowper almost by heart, as he knew Virgil and Benjamin Jowett has had many pupils who Sophocles and Shakespeare afterwards. At St. Paul's school from the age of twelve, have never paced Oxford streets, nor dined at Balliol's table. They rejoice to have his biog perpetual sort of green sateen jacket,” not at a round-faced, bright-eyed urchin, clad in “a raphy in their hands to-day. It is well printed, all a boy's boy, a serious student and voracious ” well illustrated, well put together. Professor Campbell has narrated the early life, Dr. Abbott reader, Jowett held his own as the best Latinist the years of the Mastership. They have left of the school and as one who could speak out what he chose to say. It was a power that Jowett mainly to speak for himself, and he endured with him. speaks significantly. The decisive incident of his career, “the No period of religious history is likely to be better known than that which begins with «The happiest event of his life” as he called it , was Aids to Reflection and Guesses at Truth” in winning a Balliol scholarship. Beginning at 1825, or with “The Christian Year” in 1827, nineteen, “a puny chubby-faced lad,” he went and ends with the close of our century. on in a natural scholastic evolution, from under- The materials are even too copious. With the lives graduate to fellow, tutor, professor, master of of Dr. Martineau and Archbishop Temple, his college, and vice-chancellor of the Univer- when they shall be written, the collection for the sity. Among his instructors were William when they shall be written, the collection for the George Ward and Archibald Tait, the future future church historian to consider will be com- plete. The life of Jowett is the last important Archbishop. Stanley and Temple, John Cole- plete. The life of Jowett is the last important ridge and Stafford Northcote, Church, Froude, addition. Perhaps its authors might have a Brodie, and John Ruskin were among his con- more sensitive eye for local color, or keener scent for an illustrative anecdote. In their temporaries. It was an exciting time and a scrupulous exclusion of the “mythology" which stimulating group. Newman was still preach- springs up in the footprints of any marked per- ing at St. Mary's and Arnold still sending up sonality, they have perhaps gone too far. But earnest students from Rugby. Jowett was too we are in no mood for fault-finding. There is busy and too poor to indulge himself much in enough to enjoy and to be thankful for ; too logical whirlwinds about him. Already one of society, nor was he swept away with the theo- much easily to digest. It was at the beginning of the long peace his distinctive gifts was visible. In whatever that followed the battle of Waterloo, in the stress of conflict, he preserved “ a characteristic year of the death of Jane Austen and Madame calm, a passionless tenacity.” Again, as among his schoolmates, he held his own." de Staël, that, on April 15, 1817, Benjamin Jowett was born. Through two previous Ben- Securing, while yet an undergraduate, a fel. jamins, his father and grandfather, he traced lowship of his college in successful competition his lineage to an austere patriarch, a convert of with maturer men, Jowett settled down to his Whitefield, a London tradesman, of a plain vacation journeys. Family cares pressed hard university life. It was broken only by brief yeoman stock, two of whose sons had been men of mark at Cambridge, as tutor at Magdalen, upon him, though he never married ; there was and Professor of Civil Law. Jowett's father no money for extended travel until too late. Latinist as he was, he never saw Rome. Trans- was associated with Lord Shaftesbury in Fac- lator of Plato and Aristotle and Thucydides tory Reform. He was a reserved, disinterested, lovable man, unsuccessful in business and in as he was, he never saw Athens. Far and wide journalism, a devotee of music, a stout con- through time and space ranged his discursive servative and orthodox churchman. It was in intellect, but his outward frame kept close to Oxford lawns and cloisters. a sincerely religious household, of narrow means Early responsi- and modest station, bright with books and bility came to him. He was tutor at twenty- music and the air of liberal culture, that Jowett five, with Arthur Clough and Matthew Arnold passed a delicate and precocious childhood. for pupils. The reputation of his college quickly It came to be expected that his pupils THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF BENJAMIN JOWETT, M.A., should take First Classes. He was a teacher Master of Balliol College, Oxford. By Evelyn Abbott, M.A., and Lewis Campbell, M.A. In two volumes, with portraits complete to the finger-tips, suggestive in all he and illustrations. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co. taught. He stimulated young minds, gave them , rose. 1897.] 9 THE DIAL 66 methods, not results, gave them a wholesome that time must be a factor in all healthy change distrust of the words that override things, the and permanent progress. Nothing I wish terminology which so often obscures truth. He less than to see Oxford turned into a German began at this time to shed some of his tradi. or a London University.” As he said earlier, tional evangelicalism, while always clinging to “I wonder people do not feel the curse of hav- its essential verities. For a time Newman ing no old to entwine with the new." But he attracted him. He was ready to think that if felt strongly that Oxford needed reform, and Newman and his friends could gain in charity that only fit reform could forbid revolution. toward those who differed from them, their In comparison with foreign universities, Ox- work might be “almost one of unmixed good.” ford still remained mediæval. “We are so far It was a vast “if,” quickly followed by an a • below the level of the German ocean that I fear “alas " upon further acquaintance. Now and we shall one day be utterly deluged.” So always Jowett hated religious agitation, while Jowett did his part to bring his university believing it sometimes a duty. He disliked nearer to his age. religious discussion even with close friends. He was the natural successor to the Master. In later years he grew to set a higher value on ship, when, in 1854, Dr. Jenkins died. Theo- . outward expression, and was willing to risk cant logical prejudice prevailed and a “safer” and rather than banish religion from familiar talk. more learned, but less able, man was elected. He was anything but the satisfied rationalist, It was not what Jowett had yet done which the jaunty liberal that Mallock caricatured in turned the scales, but what he was felt to be the “ New Republic.” In every letter you feel feel capable of doing. As always, he would speak the presence of a profoundly earnest and bur- out. He justified the anxieties of his opponents dened believer, whose heart repels the doubts by publishing his volumes on certain of St. that his reason has suggested. Yet for all his Paul's Epistles. The work was most original shrinking from doubt, he would not stifle and bold. Before it was quite understood how inquiry. The vision of the naked truth might bold, the Greek professorship fell vacant. be ever so terrible, Jowett must look with open Jowett's fitness for it was beyond question, and eyes. He must champion the truth and speak he was elected at the paltry stipend of forty . out plainly. But he will insist that even error pounds a year. Friends came forward with a shall have fair play. He will stand with Stanley gift to make up the deficiency. But Jowett re- for Ward in a moment of universal panic, until fused it and waited ten years for the authori- the tragedy dissolved in laughter at “ Hilde ties to do what they should, and raise the sal- brand the Married Man." ary to the fit sum of five hundred pounds. It was to that “Socrates-Silenus," as Jowett Meantime he did not magnify his grievance, once nicknamed William George Ward, that nor waste strength in bewailing it. With or Jowett owed his introduction to metaphysics. without due compensation, he would work as if The new study for a while entranced him, but he perceived no connection between work and presently he weighed it and found it wanting. wages. To work was his business, to see that It lifted him out of the fogs of tradition into he was paid was Dr. Pusey's or any other Doc- other vaporous regions of its own. Presently tor's responsibility. It was “heroic industry” all clouds dispersed and he saw clearly. He He with him at all times. As formerly in his come to look upon metaphysics as intellectual tutorship, so now in his professorship, he spent exercise rather than attainment, “ a necessity himself for his pupils. He treated his relation rather than a great good. Its air is too rare- to them as a pastoral charge, his department fied to breathe long." His study of Hegel left of Christian ministry. At all hours bis door behind it a permanent deposit of the Hegelian stood open. He was at the beck and call of attitude and method, and his comment on anyone who needed him. It is hard to see how Hegelianism in the introduction to Plato's he got through his own work, thus busy with “Sophist” is lucid and sympathetic. Yet he every man's. He demanded from his stu- was never Hegel's, nor was he any man's, dis- dents their best, implied a belief in their unde- ciple. veloped possibilities," and the belief seemed to It was about 1847 that, with Stanley and create the thing believed in." Nor did his in- Goldwin Smith and others, Jowett undertook terest end with the days of their pupilage. the cause of University Reform. Always a Letter upon letter shows how faithfully and radical, he was never a revolutionist. Because lovingly he followed them, with what tact and he went to the root of things he understood wisdom he counselled or chid them. He would Presently to 10 (July 1, THE DIAL : not cramp or enslave them. He would not this. “There was no mistaking what this man rivet their growing minds upon a mould of his. meant." There is much of such frank discus- He would only help them to be most and best sion now; then there was little. Divines were themselves. He had doubtless his disappoint- enlisted in party camps and rarely ventured ments, but he had also his rich rewards in a beyond them. This man walked in the open. devotion, an affection, as he said with tears, His neighbors first stared, then grew pale, then “ far beyond his deserts.” They judged best reddened with rage. They judged best reddened with rage. He held that when men of that. were inspired they still remained human. It The two stout octavos on the Epistles to the was a dangerous proposition; it was no better Thessalonians, Romans, and Galatians were a than Milman's calling Abraham an Arab sheik. contribution to a Commentary on the whole It meant mischief, nobody knew exactly what New Testament projected by Dr. Arnold, which or how, but it must be put down before it Stanley and Jowett long hoped to complete. should go farther. Yet this was not the worst. If the first sample of Jowett's method had met Jowett had ventured upon a thorough treat- a with greater favor, perhaps the purpose ha ment of the great theme of the Atonement. The been more fully accomplished and the Church subject was in the air. Independently, at the yet more his debtor. The time was not ripe. same period, McLeod Campbell was handling I thought I had so expressed myself that re- it in Scotland and Horace Bushnell in Con. ligious minds could not be wounded,” Jowett necticut. It was a theme so interwoven with wrote. He did not find it so. He had not only the most sacred memories and experiences that laid aside accepted terminology, but he had it could not be touched without jarring upon touched to the quick cherished preconceptions, many of the simple and devout, as well as upon entangled as they were with deep religious feel. all the bigoted and dogmatic, spirits of the time. ing. He had assumed that all men loved the To use Stuart Mill's luminous distinction, it truth as purely as he and were as ready to wel. was not what it denoted but what it connoted come any frank presentation of it. He had that gave occasion for alarm. Jowett, who always . studied St. Paul in his own light, and refused dealt with truth as in a vacuum, forgot that to subject him to controversial fires. To Jowett others saw her veiled in a cloud and could not the epistles appeared to be, not dogmatic trea- distinguish a dispersion of the vapor from an tises, but occasional letters preserved where outrage upon the form. He spoke out plainly others had been lost, revealing the mind and and gave more offence than there was need to character of their author, and disclosing the give. To remove such obstructions the essay period of his labors, as well as inspired with a was rewritten for the edition of 1859. Another precious message. Only by implication could essay was not ready for either the first or the the work be held controversial. It argued with second edition. In the third edition of 1894 nobody, refuted nobody. It asserted principles, it has found its place. It was upon the inter- suggested parallels, appealed to reason and con- pretation of Scripture, and formed part of the science, and left the result to the judgment of volume called “Essays and Reviews.” open-minded readers. It was not that Jowett That very unequal volume by several hands rejected, but that he ignored as irrelevant, the roused a violent commotion. The orthodoxy authority of Greek or Latin fathers and Angli- of the church was morbidly irritable. Convo- can divines. What said St. Paul's Greek in cation lost its head. Clamor and panic ruled a dialect which was Hebraic and not classical ? the hour. Scholars like Thirlwall, recent her- What did such words from such a man at such esiarchs like Hampden, even liberals like Mau- a time really signify? What was their force, rice, joined the cry. The heresy-hunt began. broadly interpreted in the spirit rather than Jowett had spoken out, and now quietly held the letter, not as a legal document or theolog- his own. Pained by the obloquy, he made ical dogma, but as impassioned and practical no complaint, offered no apology. Phillips discourse? What lessons of immediate duty Brooks in like case was grandly silent. It had they for men to-day? These were the ques- was a wise attitude at a season when men tions Jowett sought to ask and answer, in sim- thought“ that no enlightened person should be- ple notes that did not evade difficulties and come a clergyman, and that the clergyman who luminous disquisitions which marked an epoch became enlightened should be unfrocked." in English theology. Since the days of the American opinion reflected English. When Cambridge Platonists, if we except Coleridge our one Broad Church bishop of that period and Arnold, no such voice had been heard as denied that each particle of the buried body 1 1 1897.] 11 THE DIAL would be re-united with its fellows in the final had kept ever before it noble aims. Jowett resurrection, an able layman remarked that the had early discerned the preciousness and ma- denial was just, but dreadful from the lips of jesty of truth, and bad followed where truth a bishop. Jowett said that if it rained mitres led him through all mazes of opinion. If he no one of them could possibly fit him. Cer- threw down idols it was not from love of de- tainly no mitre could have muzzled him and no struction, but to make room for the living storm beating upon his mitred or unmitred head spirit whose place they had usurped. Nothing could have dismayed him. In a letter to Ten- can be less just than to regard Jowett as one nyson's children he gave them in capitals two who sought revolution or fostered unbelief. He golden counsels, Never Fear and Never Cry. encountered and brushed aside doubts on his He had tried them both before giving them. way to positive convictions. “Doubt,” he said He stood his ground and scorned to whimper. in one of those earnest sermons which he He liked success, owned to a prejudice against preached to the young men with whom his those who fail, but for his own part his only days were spent, " is not some great exertion recognition of failure was as a spur to effort. of the mind, but mere weakness. ... We may It did not embitter him, if it left him sore. hope to live through it like other disorders." He would patiently tolerate even the intoler- He declared indulgence in doubt “the spirit ant. But he would " wait for another world most alien to that of inquiry. It might be called before joining in any closer union with them.” the ghost of inquiry.” He bewailed the scep- It is the very instinct of self-preservation, akin tic mood which an age of science, not yet con- to his who said of certain troubling spirits : scious of its own limitations, had bred among “ They are good people. We shall meet them the young He felt that it was a mood not to in heaven, and that is soon enough." be argued down but to be lived down. 6 Our Jowett was seventy years old when a serious reason is in great measure dependent upon our illness left him a chronic invalid, compelled to will.” 66 Belief must radiate from life. What measure his tasks and reduce his hours of we are in a certain sense we shall believe." In working. Still he made great plans and would his sermons and in his letters you feel that this toil to the last. “What a fate,” he said, “ for great teacher is not primarily concerned with a man to retire for contemplation, and then to thought but with conduct and character, that find he had nothing to think about. But per- he is moralist and pastor of souls even more haps he would never find out!” was his play- than theologian or philosopher. You feel that ful comment. Such hapless lot could not be to him simple goodness is the soul's chief good. Jowett’s. If he had nothing else to think of " Let us know no other watchwords but the there were always the affairs of his friends to life of Christ, the mind of Christ, the cross of interest him. He had a marvellous genius for Christ,” he said. friendship and could love a score as few men The accusers of Ian Maclaren and Bishop can love anyone. The close of his life was Sessums might perhaps detect flaws in Jowett's shadowed by their departure. Stanley, Lord theology. His working creed was more brief Iddesleigh, Matthew Arnold, Robert Brown. than the Athanasian symbol. It did not define ing, Lord Sherbrooke, Alfred Tennyson, were miracles or state the precise limits of nature gone, and it was time for an old man to and the supernatural. It did not sharply dis- "Wrap the drapery of his couch sever the inspiration of the Psalmists and St. About him and lie down to pleasant dreams." Paul from that of Plato and Tennyson. It laid At Hedly Park, on a visit to dear friends, the more stress on holiness than upon sin, upon not unwelcome summons came. It was a Sun- love and pity than upon wrath and judgment. day afternoon, the first day of October in the It emphasized the ethical elements of religion year 1893. As he lay in his last sleep" the and found in conduct the safest criterion of moon shone in and lit up his beautiful marble character, and in character the surest evidence face and the shining white hair. There seemed of life. Jowett was a man of faith, though he a blending of the dignity of age and the sim- sometimes saw dimly, of hope and love always. plicity and radiant freshness of youth.” Among He was of the pure in heart, who may be blind his last words were : “ Mine has been a happy to many things, but still see God. However life. I bless God for my happy life.” he erred in opinion, he ever sought and served It had been a rarely wise and useful and dis- the truth. That is the orthodoxy that will be tinguished life. It had spared no labor to at- worth most to us when all accounts are reck- tain excellence, it had spent itself on others, it I oned up. Meanwhile, these are safe watch- 12 [July 1, THE DIAL 66 words : “ the life of Christ, the mind of Christ, significance in the life which animates and beau- the cross of Christ.” tifies our earth which it is worth our while to A former President of Yale, Dr. Woolsey, consider, not only for the widening of our intel- in a sonnet of great beauty, tells us how St. lectual horizon, but for the continual joy it may John found infuse into our daily experience. There are “The blindfold Plato trembling at the door" evidences of this late awakening in various pop- of Heaven, and that he ular movements toward nature-study and in a led the mild enthusiast on rapidly increasing literature aiming to promote Towards the Eternal Word, Heaven's source of Day. Then loosed the bandage and the sage, no more the same useful purpose. The array of books A sage but saint, beheld and knelt to adore." herewith presented testifies to the growing If we can imagine the Master of Balliol look- interest in the pages of Nature. ing on at that august presentation, we may see Few volumes are more entertaining than that his face smiling, yet grave with a dreamy per- in which Mr. Skinner tells of the health and plexity, and hear from him in that “cherubic happiness to be found in cultivating “ Nature chirp” which his friends delight to remember, in a City Yard.” The portion of the earth’s do- “I thought you had known one another all main lying in the rear of the author's Brooklyn along." Where wisdom and goodness were, residence is only eighteen feet by fifty, yet from Jowett believed Christ must ever be. this restricted area he contrives to extract mar. C. A. L. RICHARDS. vels of enjoyment. In the height of the flower- ing season he feasts his eyes upon nearly sixty varieties of plants in bloom at the same time. All the pleasures of a successful gardener are his ; NATURE AND WILD LIFE.* but to these he adds the refinements of the man of culture, the humorist, and the philosopher. “We have come to that time,” says Mr. As he digs and plants and waters and prunes Charles M. Skinner, in the volume mentioned in his tiny, thrifty precinct, his thoughts are below, “when we begin to feel as well as to see as busy as his bands, and every circumstance in the presence of woods, hills, oceans, and connected with his work suggests some sage, stars ; there are hints and portents in them that a new consciousness tries to read.” It is finally proclaims him a man of versatility, a scholar, shrewd, genial, or merry idea. His writing dawning upon the human mind that there is a a wag, with keen insight, a light heart, and a • NATURE IN A CITY YARD. Some Rambling Disserta- passionate leaning toward nature. “Pessimism tions Thereon. By Charles M. Skinner, author of “Myths and Legends of Our Own Land.” New York: The Century is worse than tragedy,” he avers ; “it is a Co. tragedy of the soul; the attitude of a tired-out UPON THE TREE-Tops. By Olive Thorne Miller. Illug- race. When we keep in touch with Nature we trated by F. Carter Beard. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. share her splendid life. For Nature, even a BIRD-LIFE. A Guide to the Study of our Common Birds. By Frank M. Chapman. With 75 full-page Plates and nu- yardful of it, makes health in her communicant. merous Text Drawings by Ernest Seton Thompson. New Get away from self-consciousness. Think not York: D. Appleton & Co. of your mind nor of your fate. Why be always THE PROCESSION OF THE FLOWERS, and Kindred Papers. By Thomas Wentworth Higginson. With an Index of Plants thinking on your end ? as graveyard literature and Animals Mentioned. New York: Longmans, Green, hath it. We are here to live ; not to die." He & Co. is content with his lot; and, reflecting on the MEMORIES OF THE MONTHS. Being Pages from a Note- book of a Field-Naturalist and Antiquary. By Sir Herbert cares and miseries of the rich, cheerily observes Maxwell, Bart. New York: Edward Arnold. that “The chief blessing of poverty is that ROUND THE YEAR. A Series of Short Nature Studies. By other folks do n't ask you to help them to live.” Professor L. C. Miall, F.R.S. With illustrations, chiefly by A. R. Hammond, F.L.S. New York: The Macmillan Co. His pages are sown with wise and witty sayings, IN THE GARDEN OF PEACE. By Helen Milman (Mrs. Cold- and provoke many a welcome laugh as well as well Crofton). Illustrated by Edmund H. New. New York: serious moment of meditation. John Lane. HOPKINS'S POND, AND OTHER SKETCHES. By Robert J. We have but to announce a new volume Morris. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. by Mrs. Olive Thorne Miller to assure the THE STORY OF THE BIRDS. By James Newton Baskett, nature-lover of a literary treat. Mrs. Miller's M.A., Associate Member of the American Ornithologists' Union. Appletons Home Reading Books. New York: D. writings are invariably crisp and spicy, and are Appleton & Co. composed of substantial as well as appetizing THE PLANT WORLD: Its Romances and Realities. A substance. Upon the Tree - Tops” brings Reading Book of Botany. Compiled and edited by Frank Vincent, M.A. Appletons' Home Reading Books. New within a single pair of book - lids thirteen York: D. Appleton & Co. sketches of bird-life which, with one or two ex- > 1897.] 13 THE DIAL ceptions, have previously attracted attention in A half-dozen pleasant Summer sketches by the pages of “The Atlantic Monthly” and sim- Mr. T. W. Higginson are included in the vol- ilar periodicals. They will bear a second pe- ume entitled “The Procession of the Flowers." rusal, and in their present pretty setting are The papers do not now appear in print for the even more engaging than in their original form. first time. Some of them bear a date several They are accompanied by ten full-page engrav- years back ; but they well preserve their early ings by Mr. F. Carter Beard, which are unus- freshness and charm. Their author has truly ually interesting in design and are exquisitely said : “No person can portray nature from any reproduced. The opening sketch, describing slight or transient acquaintance.” Mr. Hig- Tramps with an Enthusiast,” is perhaps the ginson has loved and studied the phases of the most entertaining of the entire number, from out-door world throughout a long life-time. He its abundant humor and lively incident. If knows the flowers, the insects, the birds, and there be a specially blissful experience in this seldom errs in writing of them. Not only their mortal life, it is that which comes to a pair names but their individual traits, their distinc- of enthusiastic ornithologists out in the field tive peculiarities, are familiar to him; and he pursuing the objects of their affection under characterizes each with the right word or the favorable conditions. Such were the circum- felicitous phrase. Of the humming-bird, “ the stances depicted in this opening chapter. Suc. smallest of feathery things, and the loveliest," ceeding portions of the volume relate with he asks : “Did gems turn to flowers, flowers piquant grace Mrs. Miller's observations of the to feathers, in that long-past dynasty of the humming-bird in nesting-time, the winter wren Humming-Birds ?” And, lost in surprise over in its Northern home, the chat, the shrike, and the miracle of a bird's egg, he observes won- other fascinating members of the feathered race deringly: “That one may bear home between in the happy relations of family life. The au- his fingers all that winged splendor, all that thor is one who looks upon nature with a keen celestial melody, coiled in mystery within these and attentive eye, and tells us little that she tiny walls ! — it is as if a pearl opened and an has not seen and studied for herself. Her con- angel sang.” tributions to bird - literature are therefore as Such books as “ Memories of the Months,' trustworthy in substance as they are agreeable by Sir Herbert Maxwell, exemplify the full in form. value of the powers of observation and appre- It is two years since Mr. Frank M. Chapman ciation. Nothing worthy of note escapes the published his valuable handbook on the Birds author's view or fails to yield a due degree of of Eastern North America,” and now he has satisfaction. The precious habit of looking at followed it with a smaller supplementary work things attentively and of transcribing at the in which his masterly attainments in the science instant the points exciting interest has put him of ornithology are equally well shown. This in possession of a mass of valuable observations second volume does not aim to give as compre- from which his present volume is drawn. They hensive a view of “ Bird Life” in the United relate chiefly to objects in nature, and yet in States as did the first, but it contains as much part refer to the works of man, for the author of the choicest information regarding a hundred is an earnest antiquarian as well as field natur- or more of our familiar species as could be alist. Wide culture and a genial frame of compressed within its limits. The opening chap-mind are reflected in his literary style, which ters present a clear, concise summary of the is unpretending and elegant. The “ Memories,” evolution of the chief features of the bird, of having an intimate connection with the varying its colors, of the curious phenomena connected seasons, are ranged in sections under the suc- with its migration, of its song and its domestic cessive months of the year, and thus form a a habits, together with directions for identifying coherent whole. With the embellishment of and classifying it. The concluding portion is pictures, the fine letter-press, and the dainty filled with attractive descriptions of the species binding, the book is a most attractive one we are most likely to meet in the woods and throughout. fields and by the wayside. The illustrations The volume entitled “Round the Year," by with which the book is generously provided are Professor L. C. Miall, contains a series of true to the life in form and attitude, and higher natural-history sketches suggested by incidents praise cannot be given. The student who selects which took place under the author's observa- this work as a guide to his observations of bird- tion at different seasons and places in the year life will not go amiss. 1895. He is a man of science and a trained > a 14 [July 1, THE DIAL observer. No event in nature escapes his notice, mood for description or reminiscence. He is an and each is searched with a careful eye, that its animated and engaging narrator, and has a gen- origin and destiny may if possible be discovered. uine appreciation of nature, gaining our hearty His sketches cover a multitude of subjects in good-will through these faculties, despite the astronomy, botany, meteorology, ornithology, lamentable fact that he rejoices in beguiling entomology, and various other ologies. He the duck to his death by means of a base decoy, leads the reader into studies that are profound and delights in torturing the captive trout until although not prolonged, revealing, as he goes its last breath is expired. along, a mass of curious and engaging facts, Messrs. Appleton & Co.'s promising series such as lie in every object of the outer world, of “Home Reading Books,” edited by Dr. ready to disclose themselves to the inquiring William T. Harris, gives the first place in its mind. Some of his most interesting investiga- Natural History division to a valuable little tions are connected with such subjects as work, by Mr. James Newton Baskett, relating “ Snowflakes," " “Catkins," "The Cuckoo," “ The Story of the Birds." The title is in a “Gossamer,” “ The Structure of a Feather,” slight degree misleading, as the book is prac- and “Tennyson as a Naturalist.” But his tically a history of the evolution of the birds work is of an earnest and even quality through of their structure, pedigrees, costumes, and out, blending instruction with entertainment customs as far as this can at present be un- in the manner of an adroit expounder. The folded. In every respect it deserves commenda- book is very handsomely produced, the illustra- tion, its author exhibiting a good command of tions being especially minute in line and clear his subject and a persuasive way of presenting in cut. it. His readers are expected to be largely of • In the Garden of Peace” is a winning title, the juvenile class ; yet the older students of and its effect is fully sustained by the chapters bird-lore will take pleasure in the volume, and it binds together in a unified construction. The profit also, so skilfully are its contents ordered, “ Garden was a “ Paradise of Birds," as its so clearly and with so much charm of manner owner, “Helen Milman," asserts on the title- are they set forth. There was room in the page and clearly establishes in the progress of naturalist's library for just such a treatise, and her volume. It belonged to a secluded estate, Mr. Baskett has spared no pains to fit his remote from the village, almost hidden, indeed, treatise for useful service. The book is very by surrounding woods; and it possessed ideal neatly printed and excellently illustrated, and charms for the lover of Nature in her more quiet to aid the reader in easy reference to its myriad forms. “It was aglow with the colors of a thou- topics a compact analysis of the chapters is fur- sand flowers throughout the seasons of budding nished at the beginning with an ample index at and blooming, gay with the butterflies sipping the close. To crown the merits of the volume, their sweets, and joyous all the year round with it is offered at a price so low that the humblest the life and the song of the birds which made home may lay it among the treasures of its their homes in every tree and bush, secure of reading-table. the loved protection of the Adam and Eve who The second number of Appletons' series of dwelt in unalloyed happiness in the midst “ Home Reading Books” is less satisfactory this earthly paradise. The chapters severally than the first. It is a compilation of passages depicting the flowers and the birds glorifying from various authors, relating to strange and the “Garden of Peace” are in such harmony striking members of “The Plant World.” In with their spirit that one is soothed and de- too many cases the extracts are not as simple lighted as with an actual visit to the lovely and engaging in style as they should be. They scene. They impart a fresh sense of the pos- lack life, and give one the feeling that they are sibilities for the culture of our better selves, done at second-hand, rather than from personal which the beautiful objects of nature always knowledge of the objects described. A few possess. evince the enthusiasm of the botanist who Mr. Robert J. Morris displays a decided lit- speaks from actual experience. Surely the erary gift, as well as a keen love of sport, in editor could have found abundant material for the collection of sketches which bear the name his purpose in the works of recent writers who of the first one in the series, “ Hopkins's Pond.” depict Nature in all her forms with an intelli- They have been written without effort and with- gence and eloquence which capture the heart of out restraint, a fine instinct permitting the au- thor to yield himself with entire abandon to the SARA A. HUBBARD. every reader. 1897.] 15 THE DIAL eighteenth-century diary of an Italian tour. The TRAVELS FAR AND VARIOUS.* book seems primarily designed for the tourist; and The wheelman contributes a new element of while of especial value to him, it will yet be of ser- interest to books of travel. The story of adventures vice to any reader who wishes to understand the of the steel steed, on various roads and in peculiar Italy of to-day. Naples of late years has felt the situations, takes the place of remarks, critical and progressive spirit which has been permeating all otherwise, on horses and conveyances, or on steam- Italy. Streets have been widened, slums removed, ers and railways, to which we have become accus- sewers constructed, new industries started, and tomed in the older literature of travel. One of the the play of the Nativity suppressed. Says our latest contributions to the fast increasing books of author: bicycle travel is “Sketches Awheel in Modern “The time is coming when a Neapolitan will answer Iberia,” by Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Workman. The a letter, keep an appointment, have some little regard tale of their trip will bardly encourage imitators, for truth and some small respect for the feelings of his for our authors suffered much from heat and from neighbors. The cabman will some day drive with whips the villainous roads, were attacked by irate mule- which do not rend the air with their terrible cracking; they will learn kindness to animals, and the use of soap drivers, and were stoned by malicious children. and water; insect life will be kept at bay, and the city However, they sometimes had their reward, as in will fall to the dead level of Paris, Berlin, or any other the forty-mile ride from Elche to Murcia, of which civilized town." they say: “We have taken grand rides, desolate rides, and Yet we are glad to believe him when he elsewhere lovely rides, but never one so intoxicatingly beautiful as says that “Naples has a quaintness and charm of this through African Spain. And in praising we echo her own, which municipalities cannot destroy, and the words of a German, one of the few writers on Spain civilization cannot altogether wreck.” The author who appear to have visited this region, Why is this has long been resident in Italy, and, writing from lovely corner of the world so little known ?'” full knowledge, has given us an excellent handbook They made the tour of the principal cities of Spain, to Naples and to Campania in general. and varied their travels by a mule-back ride from Tangier to Tetuan, Morocco. The writers have Congo Arabs,” a simple but graphic story of the Captain S. L. Hinde tells us, in “The Fall of the little that is new or notable to tell, and the style is conquest and expulsion of the Arab traders from for the most part rather commonplace, though an occasional sketch, as that of their stay at the inn of Free State. This struggle the author regards as “ a Nyangwe and Kasongo by the Belgians of the Congo Tarancon, shows considerable descriptive power. turning-point in African history,” in that it crushed Foreign words are too much in evidence : in the out an incipient Mohammedan Empire of slave space of three sentences we notice Spanish, German, rai ers in the Congo Basin. Besides this first-hand and French. The book contains a fair map, and account of a notable conflict between European and the photographic illustrations are clear. Arab, we find in this book many entertaining and In “Naples in the Nineties,” Mr. E. Neville- instructive remarks on the country and its inhabit- Rolfe, English Consul for South Italy, gives in ants. For instance, the author's descriptions of the attractive style some instructive chapters on the African road, of the “water people," and of the Naples of yesterday and to-day, on the survivals of pigmies, are distinctly interesting. On cannibals ancient paganism and medieval witchcraft, on ex- and their practices he gives the fullest information cursions to the buried cities of Campania, to a we have come across. He learned that garden-farm, and to various places of interest near “The prisoner or slave who was to form the pièce de Naples and its famous bay, and closing with an résistance had always his arms and legs broken three days beforehand, and was then placed in a stream, or *SKETCHES AWHEEL IN MODERN IBERIA. By Fanny Bullock Workman and William Hunter Workman. Illus- pool of water, chin-deep, with his head tied to a stick to trated. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. prevent his committing suicide, or perhaps falling asleep NAPLES IN THE NINETIES. A Sequel to Naples in 1888. and thus getting drowned. On the third day he was taken By E. Neville-Rolfe. Illustrated. London: A. & C. Black. out and killed, the meat then being very tender.” THE FALL OF THE CONGO ARABS. By Sidney Langford | Again, he says that Hinde. New York: Thomas Whittaker. 66 When the chief of the town - who is of course an Wild Norway. By Abel Chapman. Illustrated. Now York : Edward Arnold. absolute monarch - decides that a man must die, he SKETCHES OF TRAVEL IN NORMANDY AND MAINE. By hands him over to the people. He is immediately torn Edward A. Freeman. Illustrated. New York: Macmillan Co. to pieces, and disappears as quickly as a hare is broken IN JOYFUL RUSSIA. By John A. Logan, Jr. Illustrated. up by a pack of hounds. Every man lays hold of him New York: D. Appleton & Co. at once with one hand, and with the other wbips off the LETTERS FROM THE SCENES OF THE RECENT MASSACRES piece with his knife; no one stops to kill him first, for IN ARMENIA. By J. Rendel Harris and Helen B. Harris. he would by doing so lose his piece.” Illustrated. Chicago: Fleming H. Revell Co. During the two years' war with Arabs, cannibalism THE OUTGOING TURK. By H. C. Thomson. Illustrated. New York: D. Appleton & Co. was rife after battles and the storming of towns ; A RIDE THROUGH WESTERN Asia. By Clive Bigham. the “human wolves disposed of all the dead, leaving Illustrated. New York: The Macmillan Co. nothing even for the jackals.” Finally, as a picture 16 [July 1, THE DIAL of African savagery, we cannot refrain from quoting watches it; on all sides is heard the cracking of the Captain Hinde's description of N' Gandu. buds of birch and plane-trees, the unfolding of “ The village, containing from ten to fifteen thousand fern-fronds is well-nigh visible.” The greatest de- inhabitants, was oval in form, and strongly fortified by fects of this book are its fragmentary character, a double ditch and loopholed earthwork, the whole and also that lack of sentiment and imagination being surrounded by a palisade. The top of every tree which is a trait of most English travellers. The in this palisade was crowned with a human skull. Six gateways defended the village; and, after passing tremely clear, accurate, and interesting. illustrations, which are drawn from life, are ex- through each gate, it was necessary to traverse a tunnel, some thirty yards long, made out of piles of large tim- Professor E. A. Freeman's “Sketches of Travel ber, and loopholed throughout its whole length. On the in Normandy and Maine," as reprinted from the top of this tunnel was a guard house, the floor of which “Saturday Review” and the “Guardian,” may be was honeycombed into holes, through which the guard considered as an appendix to his “Sketches of above could spear an unsuspecting passenger on the French Travel," and as a series of notes illustrative road below. The approach to each of these six gates of “ The Norman Conquest." Their interest is not was ornamented by a pavement of human skulls, the bregma being the only part that showed above ground. so much in their accounts of travels as in their anti- This pavement was of snowy whiteness, and polished to quarian description and discussion ; and hence they the smoothness of ivory by the daily passage of hundreds will hardly appeal to the general reader. But the of naked feet. I counted more than two thousand skulls connoisseur of mediæval history and architecture in the pavement of one of the gates alone.” will find these brief papers very suggestive and in- We cordially commend this volume as a fresh, enter- structive, being saturated with lore, and always taining, and valuable account of a very dark spot in competent, accurate, and incisive. The book con- « darkest Africa." The book contains in its final tains much information, not easily found elsewhere, chapters a description of an exploring trip up the concerning out-of-the way historic places in north- Lualaba River and into the Lukuga River, when the western France. In this work, as in all his works, author was forced to turn back by serious illness. Mr. Freeman brusquely speaks his mind on all An elaborate map of a part of the Congo Basin adds occasions. For instance, his remarks on “the brutal to the value of the work. work ” of architectural restorations is full of sav. age denunciations. Mr. Freeman's drawings of As a mighty hunter and fisher, Mr. Abel Chap- ancient buildings will appeal more to the architect man has ranged Western Europe from South Spain than the artist. The volume contains an index, but to Spitzbergen, and has written several accounts of his experiences, the present volume, “Wild Nor- way,” being the fourth and last of the series. Mr. Quite in contrast to “In Tolstoi Land,” lately Chapman is of the best type of English big game noticed in The Dial, which depicted Russia fam- hunter. He is no butcher, but takes an intelligent ishing, we now have a book giving a picture of interest in wild animals, and is a close student and Russia feasting. “In Joyful Russia," by Mr. John fervent admirer of all wild life. He is a seeker of A. Logan, Jr., is a rather highly-colored narrative trophies, and obtains splendid specimens of reindeer of the recent coronation proceedings, and a very and elk heads ; but he also has an interest in smaller eulogistic account of the Imperial family. The animals, as witness this account of the lemming: author also gives some interesting notes on Russian baths, restaurants, houses, horses, etc. As a sample “If his powers were proportioned to his pluck, the lemming would make things lively for the hunter. Had of his descriptions, we quote his account of the the bear, the lynx, or the mighty elk but a thousandth netting of the famous fish, the sterlet, in Moscow part of the lemming's aggressive ferocity, the relative restaurants. position of hunter and hunted would be reversed, and “ The perfection of the sterlet is so dependent upon an expedition to the fjeld would require an advance its size and freshness that in many of the crack res- guard of cavalry and a support of Maxim guns. The taurants of Moscow, and of a few other cities that are lemming attacks with reckless fury the harmless passer- near enough to the Volga, a great marble basin forms by. One small creature (smaller than a rat) will assail, the centre of the dining-room. This basin is three- without second thought, a couple of human beings quarters filled with limpid water — water in which great weighing a hundred and fifty pounds apiece; it will aquatic plants dwell — plants between whose splendid spring at one's knees, biting and barking, and in pur- leaves magnificent sterlet dart, lifting now and again blind fury fall back all-ends-up to earth, only to renew their shapely heads to catch the spray falling from the the attack again and again. To-day, while one lemming fountain, that, with a slim, straight, and then gracefully- was flying at me, another from a small streain joined in falling shaft of water, punctuates the small pool's the demonstration, presently swimming across to get to centre. The Russian gourmet who is old enough, and close quarters." the Russian gourmet who is young enough, to take a The author's observations on birds will have some keen satisfaction in the display of his gastronomical value for the ornithologist. His remarks on the judgment and exquisite taste goes to the marble brink of this artificial lake and nets his own sterlet. The Norwegian peasantry, on the Lapp, and on Nor- waiter hands him a net, fanciful of handle and silken wegian scenery, are frequently of interest. The of web. He grasps it, looks critical, then wise, and opening of the Northern summer is thus mentioned : thrusts it into the pool. If he is lucky he brings up a “ Leaf bursts forth on tree and shrub while one fish. If not, he tries again. When, sooner or later, he has no map - a 1897.] 17 THE DIAL a captures bis prey, with a gesture of triumph he hands Turkish misrule everywhere is, as he points out, the his net to the attendant and bies to his polage. Almost autocratic power of the Sultan, by which favorites before his soup is removed, the sterlet is brought to him, are appointed to govern provinces, and a thorough- dressed in any way he has ordered, and cooked to per- fection. I noticed that most of the travellers dining going spoils system is established. A subsidiary cause is the fact that the methods of modern com- at the Moscow restaurants liked to net their own ster- let. I did it once. But it was stupid sport, and after mercial success are debarred the true Mohammedan, that I always left the selection of my fish to the waiter, and he must turn to brute force to maintain himself who understood what I did not — which were the choice in the luxury he loves. specimens.” “ And there are many things to make it hard for a As a narrative of a few weeks' trip through Rus- conscientious Mobammedan to succeed in business. His sia, by a young, lively, impressionable, enthusiastic religious observances alone take up so much valuable time. Five times a day he must go to the mosque to American, who was most magnificently treated by Russian officialdom, this book is very pleasant and pray. How is it possible for a man to compete with others, in the face of such interruptions as that ? More- readable; but it cannot well be taken as a serious, over, the whole teaching of the Koran is against the impartial, and thorough account of the Russia of spirit of modern trade. So, too, is that of Christianity. to-day, although the author expresses very strongly But, as a rule, in commercial matters, Mohammedans his decided optimistic opinions on Russian society conform to what their religion teaches them, while the and government. The style sometimes over-does Christians frequently do not. Certain precepts of the itself in point of vividness, and the way in which the Prophet have moulded the lives of his followers, and author frequently alludes to his mother can hardly purified their every-day dealings. All over Bosnia, a be called in good taste. The photographic illustra- Mohammedan's word may be trusted in matters of buy- tions are in the main fresh and interesting, and the ing and selling. He is bloodthirsty and treacherous and cruel, but he will not lie or cheat or steal. Go into the colored pictures are fairly successful. Carcija in Serajevo, and buy from a Christian or a Jew, The Armenian massacre has been somewhat dis- and you must baggle with him, for you may be sure that placed in popular interest by the Turko-Greek war, he will ask yon three or four times the proper price; yet the volume of “Letters from Armenia," by but it is not necessary to do so when you are buying Professor J. Rendel Harris and Mrs. Harris, will be from a Turk, for he will ask you only the real value of found of considerable interest by many. Mr. and what he is selling." Mrs. Harris went to Armenia in 1896, as dispensers Mr. Thomson made some incursions into Herce- of an English relief fund, and these letters to friends govina, Dalmatia, and Slavonia, and gives a few in England relate some of their experiences. They observations on these countries. He concludes his fully corroborate other accounts of the Turkish and valuable work with a general review of the Eastern Kurdish atrocities in Ourfa, Harpoot, Eghin, and question and a vigorous arraignment of English other towns; they show the apostolic unction and policy. The book contains some good maps, and fervent piety of their Quaker authors, and make the illustrations are admirably clear, serviceable, plain how in Asia Minor to-day, as of old, “ the and artistic. blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church.” “A Ride Through Western Asia,” by Clive Big- The writers have the highest praise for the Ameri- ham, is a summary sketch of a rapid trip through can missionaries. As information, the letters are Asia Minor, Persia, Central Asia to China, and back only very brief and sketchy. As to style, they have by way of Siberia and Russia. The jottings on the little literary quality, being mostly familiar and earlier journeys seem somewhat perfunctory; but commonplace in tone, and sometimes careless, as the author shows greater interest in his Central “nice talks,” • met us to tea,” etc. Professor Harris, Asian travels, and gives some useful information who is best known as a specialist on ancient Chris- about Russian progress there. He notes that “ Rus- tian manuscripts, made some rather ineffective sia does not colonize in the sense that England search for treasures in this line. The book contains does ; she annexes and absorbs. In a comparatively a route map, and some photographic illustrations. short time after she has occupied a country and It is pleasant to turn from the sufferings of subdued the inhabitants, that country becomes an Armenia, and view the prosperity of a country integral part of Russia and the inhabitants try to lately Turkish, but now under Austrian rule. That become Russians.” The power of Russia lies in its country is Bosnia, described by Mr. H. C. Thomson militiarism, with the Czar at its head, who is prac- in his book entitled “ The Outgoing Turk.” Twenty tically a deity to his people. Away to the northwest years ago Bosnia frontier of China, at Vierny, Mr. Bigham and com- like Armenia to-day, a land was, of extortion, robbery, and massacre; but now, thanks panion attended a service at the Basilica on the to the enlightened administration of Austria, she “Imperial Name-Day." can be depicted as a land of peace and prosperity. “ We went into the church with an officer, and found it full of men in uniform. The Imperial prayer was Our author visited not only the main cities, but also the remoter districts, and gives a careful and trust- being sung. The Bishop was standing on the altar steps making genuflexions, while a priest in the centre worthy account of the social and industrial status of of the church was chanting the prayer, his voice rising the inhabitants, throwing much light on the former higher and higher as it proceeded. When he reached Mohammedan government. The main cause of the the last triumphant clause, Nicholas, son of Alexander, 6 18 [July 1, THE DIAL Emperor of All the Russias,' the choir and congrega- climax. The hero is a person whose life has been tion joined in, the trumpets blared, and outside the hopelessly embittered by deceit practiced upon his field-guns boomed out one after the other. The effect youth, and whom fierce sufferings, both physical and was so splendid that one felt as if at a momentary mental, have transformed from a dreamy and confid- glimpse the power of Russia was suddenly revealed.” ing boy into a reckless and cynical man, whose watch- Mr. Bigham's account in general is too cursory, word is the Voltairean ecrasez l'infâme, and who superficial, and matter-of-fact to be distinctly inter- throws himself heart and soul into the struggle esting; though it is evidently trustworthy as far as against priestcraft and tyranny. The book is ex- it goes. The book is provided with useful maps tremely outspoken at times, and will probably give and illustrations. HIRAM M. STANLEY. to many of its readers the same sort of offence that is given, let us say, by such a poem as Mr. Swin- burne's “ Before a Crucifix." The note of revolt is certainly very insistent and very shrill. Those RECENT FICTION.* who have a sense of the stern realities that underlie It has often seemed surprising to us that the even the most traditionally sacred conventions of life will be able to enter into the spirit of this book novelist, in his eager search for unexploited romantic and share the mood of the author ; those who have material, should have made so little of one of the most interesting phases of the history of nineteenth- not that sense will probably read it with suspicion and shudder at its denouement. century Europe. The story of the Italian revolu. In A Rose of Yesterday," Mr. Crawford pre- tionary movement, from the intrigues of Young serves the unity of time in a rather remarkable way. Italy to the definitive setting of the seat of govern. The entire novel of more than two hundred pages ment upon the Quirinal, is full of such incidents as the novelist most desires, and is informed by These happenings, as may be surmised, are mostly is concerned with the happenings of a single day. motives of the sort that best lend themselves to the conversations, and Mr. Crawford's skill in the man. purposes of romantic fiction. The subject, as a agement of dialogue is too well known to need whole, is hardly inferior to that of the French Revo- further emphasis. The subject of the talk is divorce, lution, yet the latter has furnished forth ten times and the book is little more than a lengthy plea for as many historical novels as the former. The author the sanctity of the marriage relation, sometimes of “The Gadfly,” then, in taking for his theme the made by the heroine herself, sometimes by the au- Italian conspiracies of the thirties and forties, has had the advantage of dealing with comparatively thor in those disquisitions which he never hesitates to introduce when padding is needed. Mr. Craw. unhackneyed material, and we trust that his novel ford's facility in composition sometimes degenerates may be the forerunner of many others that shall deal with the same stirring period. Who Mr. E. L. into mere carelessness, as in his description of “ Voynich may be we cannot say, but we have no young woman in black," who “received the pay- ments of passing customers with a grieved manner.' hesitation in asserting that his novel is one of the strongest of the year, vivid in conception and dra- The book is a very tame performance, and adds matic in execution, filled with intense human feel nothing to the reputation of the author as a serious novelist. ing, and worked up to a tremendously impressive “ The Falcon of Langéac" (but why the accent?) *THE GADFLY. By E. L. Voynich. New York : Henry is a story of the type made familiar by Mr. Stanley Holt & Co. Weyman and other romancers of that school. The A ROSE OF YESTERDAY. By F. Marion Crawford. New York: The Macmillan Co. scene is partly in Brittany and partly in Mont St. THE FALCON OF LANGÉAC. By Isabel Whiteley. Boston: Michel, the time that of Francis I. Historically, Copeland & Day. the book has been adorned with much conscientious SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE. By Richard Harding Davis. New detail, and while the plot shows slight powers of York: Charles Scribner's Song. invention, the general effect is pleasing, an effect THE ROMANCE OF A JESUIT MISSION. A Historical Novel. produced in large measure by the purity of the By M. Bourchier Sanford. New York: The Baker & Taylor Co. style. Mrs. Whiteley is to be congratulated upon THE MUTABLE MANY. A Novel. By Robert Barr. New a piece of honest workmanship, imbued with the York: Frederick A. Stokes Co. true romantic spirit, and provided with the most THE JESSAMY BRIDE. By F. Frankfort Moore. Chicago: picturesque of settings. H. S. Stone & Co. There is a wealth of picturesque and romantic THE IMPUDENT COMEDIAN AND OTHERS. By F. Frankfort material for the novelist in the life of Spanish Moore. Chicago: H. S. Stone & Co. DERELICTS. By William J. Locke. New York: John Lane, America, and the field is as yet almost wholly un- THE MASSARENES. By Quida. New York: R. F. Fenno worked. Mr. Richard Harding Davis, in realizing & Co. the possibilities of this field, and in qualifying him- THE FASCINATION OF THE KING. By Guy Boothby. Chi- self for its cultivation by personal observation, has cago: Rand, McNally & Co. been enabled to produce a book that combines fresh- THE FOOL AND HIS HEART. By F. Norreys Connell. New ness of interest with the excellent literary qualities York: George H. Richmond & Co. otherwise to be expected of his work. His new CHRISTINE OF THE HILLs. By Max Pemberton. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. “ Soldiers of Fortune " is one of the most readable a - 1897.] 19 THE DIAL and entertaining books of the season. Its chief Mr. Frankfort Moore has been studying to good characters are North Americans interested in a min- effect the manners and literary history of eighteenth- ing concession obtained from the government of century England, and has turned out two books that Olancho, which lively little Republic appears to be are honestly, and almost brilliantly, written. "The situated somewhere on the coast near Venezuela. Jessamy Bride” has Goldsmith for its central figure, There is a fine revolutionary scrimmage in which and his romantic attachment for Mary Horneck for the American hero gets mixed up, and as romantic its theme. This part of the story is sweet, tender, a love-story as the youngest of readers could wish and pathetic, and one can hardly read with dry eyes for. Indeed, the book appeals to uncritical youth the closing pages, with their record of Goldsmith's rather than to adult sobriety, for the former is un- death. The famous production of "She Stoops to mindful of flaws that might easily mar the enjoy- Conquer ” forms a leading episode of the work, and ment of the latter, and a sort of irrepressible boy. thereby introduces us to the pleasant company of ishness is the chief note of the narrative. the player-folk. Besides these-Garrick, Colman, Mr. M. Bourchier Sanford has found the material and Mrs. Abington—we have sketches of the other for an interesting narrative in the history of the people in Goldsmith's immediate circle, of Burke, Jesuit mission to the Hurons in the middle of the Reynolds, Boswell, and the redoubtable Dr. Johnson. seventeenth century. The scene of the story is in There is nothing better in the whole volume than the region which includes Sainte-Marie and St. the scene (in one of the early chapters) in which Ignace, and the authorities for the historical part of Garrick, disguised as a country clergyman, imposes the romance are, of course, the “ Relations des upon the little group of Goldsmith's friends, and Jésuites," as filtered through the pages of Parkman. administers such a snub to the author of the “ Dic- The story is full of sympathy for the devotion and tionary” that we cannot help sharing in the awe- the heroism of the Jesuit fathers who spent laborious stricken mood of the hearers. Mr. Moore has lives in the wilderness, and who shrank from no imitated the ponderous Johnsonian manner with hardship and no danger in the performance of their marked success, and has limned the other historical task. In its earlier chapters, the book is deficient characters with much verisimilitude. His task was in vitality, and it is not until near the close that the a daring one , but it is at least not so ill-performed dry bones of historical fact are made to live in a as to make us regret the attempt. Mr. Moore's narrative that engages our interests. The story has other book is a collection of six short stories, having the same sort of charm that we find in Mrs. Cather- for their leading figures such historical personages wood's work dealing with similar material, and is as the uxorious Duke of Marlborough and his wife, informed throughout by the loftiest ideals of conduct. Nell Gwyn, Kitty Clive, Peg Woffington, and Sarah “The Mutable Many” is a story that shows the Siddons. The stories are well-conceived and amus- hand of the trained journalist rather than the handing, bearing upon every page the impress of an of the man of letters. There is no style to speak of, intimate study of the fascinating period wherein no genuine analysis of character, and but slight they are laid. sense of the demands of literary art. But there is Mr. William J. Locke, the author of “ Derelicts," instead abundant action that does not flag, and a i8 credited upon the title-page with two other nov- thoughtful presentation of a great social problem. els, which we do not remember to have seen, but There have been many other novels dealing with the which we should certainly be glad to read if they conflict between labor and capital, but few that have in any measure approach his present performance. done such even-handed justice to both aspects of the There is nothing novel about “Derelicts," either in controversy, or that have produced the impression plot or construction, and merely to summarize the of being so closely in touch with the machinery of story would give no notion of the true value of the production, on the one hand, of strikes and labor book. The qualities that make it really noteworthy organizations on the other. It is a far cry from are the crystal purity of its style, the strength of “Put Yourself in His Place," for example, to this its characterization, the delicacy and refinement of up-to-date study of a similar subject. The funda- its motives, and its careful poise above the danger- mental passions concerned are much the same, but ous depths of sensationalism on the one side, and the conditions and the methods are so different now sentimentalism on the other. It affords a sympa- that Reade's novel is a matter of ancient history. thetic portrayal of warm human life, neither too Perhaps the best of Mr. Barr's characters is the idealized to lack substance, nor led too far astray artist in his own conceit, who plays but a minor part into the thickets of realism to lose its distinctive in the narrative, but whose appearance the reader character as artistic work. In theme, it is a study soon learns to welcome. We are told at the start of guilt and expiation - of a guilt that derives that Barney is a cad, and he probably is, but the from weakness rather than from vicious predispo- epithet is inadequate, and we end with a real liking sition, and of an expiation that is not merely exter- for him. Mr. Barr's method of story-telling sug- nal, but takes the form of a gradual and genuine gests that of Sir Walter Besant in its breeziness upbuilding of character. It is not as strong a book, and its actuality, thus deriving, in a measure, from or as consummate a piece of workmanship, as Mr. Dickens himself. Entertainment, at least, may Allen's “The Choir Invisible," but we cannot refrain safely be promised the purchaser of this book. from bringing the two books into juxtaposition, for 20 (July 1, THE DIAL late years. 66 the author of one would understand the other, and episodes of his subsequent career as a struggling both are refreshing and purifying in their influence. novelist. But the execution as a whole is slovenly, A few more such books as these would suffice to and the ethical tone disheartening. turn the stream of current fiction into channels less “ Christine of the Hills” is the story of a girl of muddied than those in which it has been running of Dalmatia, endowed with beauty and musical talent, who marries a brutal peasant before she knows William Massarene was an American from Da- what marriage means, and afterwards, believing kota. He was described in the vernacular of the her husband to have been shot, gives her heart to a northwest as a bull-dozing boss,” and enjoyed the nobleman who has befriended her. Presently the soubriquet of the “Blasted Blizzard.” He was an husband reappears, drags his reluctant wife away to Irishman by birth, but emigrated to “the States” Vienna, and lives upon her earnings as a singer. early in life, and amassed a colossal fortune by dis- Mr. Max Pemberton has told this story prettily reputable means. Having made his " pile,” he Having made his “pile,” he enough, but he is never quite successful in creating crossed the Atlantic and set about the conquest of a strong situation, or in giving vitality to his pup- English society. Of his success in this noble ambi- pets. The book is saved from insipidity by its tion we may read at great length in the latest work romantic atmosphere and by the fascinating Dal- of fiction to bear the name of “ Ouida" as its author. matian setting of its scene. “ The Massarenes" is, like most of the imaginings WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. of that ingenious writer, a curious mixture of strength, cleverness, vulgarity, and pretentious igno- rance. Its good qualities save it from utter condem- nation ; its bad qualities are beneath contempt. In BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. the predominance of the latter, it is something of a Mr. Bradnock Hall's “Fish-Tails reversion to the author's older and worse manner, The dirersions of – and Some True Ones ” (Edward and its general tone of exaggerated sensationalism a serious man. Arnold) is a seasonable little book, is quite unworthy of her. No one will be convinced wherein the author tells some good fishing yarns that English society is so essentially corrupt as she would have us think, and no one will take very and chats pleasantly about his own angling experi- ences in Great Britain and Norway. Mr. Hall, as seriously her impossible “ Mouse " and her equally we gather, is an M.P., with a distressing, and, as impossible Lord Hurstmanceaux. There are so he claims, undeserved, reputation for an almost many misprints in the book that we must be care- puritanical sobriety. To this reputation he is, as a ful about ascribing to “Ouida” all of the curious public man, of course obliged to live up. In sup- things that meet the eye; it is possible that the printer is responsible for the congenial country of port of it, he has even put forth a book on “ Bimet- allism as a Panacea for Pauperism”. a dreary chef mug-wamps and roarbacks,” and even for “smelted d'ouvre which, he believes, nobody bas ever read, gold,” but even the printer could not have invented and which he plainly regards with loathing. He is, such bad French as “ des bons gens.” in fact, a slave to his reputation as a serious man. “The Fascination of the King” is an entertaining The harmless relaxations of others would be re- story of imaginary politics, the scene being laid in garded as breaches of propriety in him — lapses some unknown region of the Far East, and the hero which might cost him his reputation and his seat in being a European adventurer who has created a the House. “I must not,” be complains, “ be absent new State and made himself ruler thereof. How from my place in church, I must not play golf on his throne is assailed, and how, with the help of Sunday, I must eschew clay pipes and beer, and some English friends, he quells the conspirator and books which others read with interest and enjoy- repulses the foreign foe, are matters that are made ment must not lie upon my table : in fact, I have highly exciting by Mr. Boothby's facile and prac- to eat, drink, smoke, and read to order, and to tised pen. The book is one of the lightly read and travel three hundred miles to find a desert place easily forgotten, but will serve for the occupation to laugh in.” In this country we do not regard our of a pleasant hour or two. legislators so seriously. Fancy anybody here re- The story of a sensitive nature, given up alter- garding his “ Congressman,” or even his Senator, nately to religious aspiration and debauchery, trying as necessarily and ex officio a paragon! Mr. Hall various ways of life, and making but poor success admits that in private, and when he feels sure no- of them, is what we are given in “The Fool and body is looking, he shakes off his shackles. In the His Heart.” The story has neither symmetry of safe retirement of his library he relaxes, indulges design nor distinction of style, and although the in refreshing and unhallowed pranks -- as Richard hero, in his better moods, appeals to our sympathies, Swiveller used to relieve his feelings by stealthily his waywardness and weakness of will prevents us flourishing a ruler over the head-dress of Miss Brass, from greatly caring what becomes of him. The when that maiden was safely engrossed with an Eject- book derives a certain interest from the glimpses ment or a Writ of Replevin. Mr. Hall's pranks which it affords of the Catholic schools in which have usually taken a literary form. « Oh," he ex- the hero is educated, and from the semi-Bohemian claims, “ that you could have seen my Post-obita 66 1 1 1 1897.) 21 THE DIAL - Art collectors A satirical French observer Dicta, or my Laughable Lyrics, by a Liliputian M. Gavard records that he was regaled with the bag- Laureate !” Some of these trifles have even been pipes. “Nothing is impossible," he concludes,“ in surreptitiously published — among them the papers this absurd country.” The impressions of this cul- embraced in the volume before us. They are, says tivated and observant Frenchman as to English poli- the author, “ some of the least trivial and the least tics, art, manners, and humors, are graphic and amus- slangy of their fellows." We find them crisp, ing, and, in their light way, instructive. M. Gavard readable, and chatty enough, and well suited to is very frank the more so, doubtless, as he clearly leaven the writer's undeservedly grievous reputa- had no idea that his jottings would one day find their tion. They are accompanied by some passable way into print. washed drawings by Mr. T. H. McLachlan, and There are many matters of interest there is an etched plate by the author. The Amer- that cluster about art which really and collecting. ican “ brother of the angle ” will do well to slip Mr. have nothing to do with it as art. Hall's little book in his satchel when next he goes Just as an immense mass of scholarship gathers a-fishing around every great name in literature, so there has Very chatty and piquant is the little gathered about the various fine arts, in the narrower book entitled "A Diplomat in Lon- meaning of the term, an immense mass of anecdot- of London life. don" (Holt), translated from the age and gossip and technical information that is French of M. Cbarles Gavard. The author was, often very amusing and entertaining. Mr. Frederick from 1871 to 1877, a member of the French S. Robinson, in his book on “The Connoisseur ” Embassy at London, first as Chief Secretary, and (Longmans), has put together eighteen interesting then as Minister Plenipotentiary acting as Chargé chapters touching artists and works of art. The d'Affaires. M. Gavard was a notably shrewd and word “connoisseur” is a good one, for it means withal slightly satirical observer. His official posi- one who knows.” Connoisseurs are the cherubs tion gave him opportunities scarcely second to those of art, i. e., the second order in the hierarchy; the enjoyed by our courted fellow-countryman, Mr. seraphs, or those who love, coming first. Mr. Rob- Smalley, for studying at close range the smartest of inson is deeply interested and widely informed. It England's “smart set.” That he made good use is true that he does not seem really to apprehend of those opportunities, his notes and letters amus- the essential character of his subject, for he begins ingly attest. M. Gavard's attitude, we may add, with the inquiry, "What do lovers of art collect?" toward what “Mr. Guppy's” fashionable friend The real answer is that, as lovers of art, they collect “Mr. Jobling" termed a "swanlike aristocracy” nothing. When they collect, they become collectors is by no means so deferential as is Mr. Smalley's. or connoisseurs : not those who love, but those who The habitual note of unctuous reverence, tinged with know. This minor matter aside, however, Mr. respectful familiarity, which pervades Mr. Smalley's Robinson will be allowed to write of collecting on a reminiscences is not apparent in M. Gavard's good large scale ; and some of his early chapters sprightly and rather caustic pages. Of the two arouse a fine glow of pleasure. When he comes to writers, it is seemingly the Frenchman who is the Pliny and Vasari he seems to us not so happy; for better republican. Mr. Smalley displays at times he can hardly be said to give, even remotely, an a strong Tory, almost a Jacobitical, bias ; M. Gavard accurate idea of the work of either. If one is going can speak of Royalty itself in a most unconcerned to know about Pliny, one should begin, we think, by way. He glances merely en passant at Mr. Smalley's knowing something as to what it really was that friend the Prince as “a man of pleasure, a heavy he got together in his chapters on art. And as to drinker, a great eater, impecunious,” and so on. Vasari, it is well to know that although he was a He paints the Queen as “fat and short, with a dis- most estimable man, his work has drawbacks as a contented-looking face," — and certainly no foundation for study. The chapters on Gems, how- familiar with the stock cuts in the London weeklies ever, on Jewels, and on the Goldsmith and Silver- showing a stout, dissatisfied matron looking on smith, do give us something of an idea of those very crossly at the laying of this or that corner-stone attractive minor arts. And the book as a whole is one or the genuflections of this or that Lord Mayor, which art-lovers will doubtless read with pleasure, will impeach the truth of his description. M. Gavard, although it can hardly be said to include a single like most Frenchmen, is disposed to make merry artistic idea. over English art. The older men he can endure, We should like to see the admir- despite contrasts of color that remind him of A book for all true able little series of biographies of toast-and-jam.” As for the moderns, he says, 6 Women of Colonial and Revolu- “ molasses candy — if that 's what you like, theretionary Times,” now issuing from the press of you have it, and there the mob stays; I was liter- Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons, placed within reach ally sick.” At an “afternoon” at Lady Burdett- of every American woman. The books have the right Coutts's M. Gavard saw a masterpiece “represent- ring. Their tone is sympathetic, yet critical ; they ing two thick-booted legs in air, incomprehensible are evidently the fruit of patient reflection and re- and mediocre from the point of view of art.” As search. They present in a concise and attractive with painting, so with music. At one entertainment way facts which a true American woman should one American women, 22 (July 1, THE DIAL a a blush to be ignorant of. Patriotism needs, as it , are physicists ; when we are analyzing the nature of craves, a past of its own a national Golden Age of the impression thus made upon us, the manner of exemplary deeds and virtues, a heroic era which looms our becoming acquainted with our environment, we larger through the mists of time. It is not enough are psychologists. The study of sensations from all to feed the imagination on the annals of Greece and possible points of view, the union of physical and Rome. That America too has a past to be proud of, psychological methods, holds out the promise of a that American women need not look abroad for wider and deeper insight into the true nature of patterns of high conduct in the day of trial, these sensation than would ever be possible if we hold beautiful little volumes abundantly attest. apart what should be brought together. This domi- latest of the set is Mrs. Anne Hollingsworth nant note of warning was more necessary, because Wharton's “ Martha Washington.” Mrs. Wbar. less familiar, a dozen years ago, when the original of ton's fuent and animated pen shows no signs of the present translation appeared, than it is now; the flagging; and she has really succeeded in the diffi- | predicted rejuvenation of interest in the study of cult task of making her worthy, if not in herself sensation has in the main come to pass, and along very brilliant or distinguished, heroine the chief the lines suggested. The contents of Professor figure of her own biography. One closes the book Mach's contributions will interest several classes of with a clear impression of Martha Washington as a specialists, and it is a merited tribute to their inher- distinct and not inconsiderable personality — a ent value to present them in an attractive English stanch and devoted Virginian lady who decidedly garb. It has been said of the late Professor Sylvester counted for something even when viewed apart that in writing he stood very close to his subject, from her illustrious husband. To the high enter- and made things large and important which others prise of which he was the soul, and of which he re- might be inclined to consider as of little consequence. mains the most splendid figure, she gave ungrudg. Professor Mach has the same tendency; and in both ingly all she had to give. Her counsels must have men it is the outcome of an enviable enthusiasm for assisted in shaping his conduct; and his conduct their chosen subjects, which gives to their pages a was singularly beyond reproach. Mrs. Wharton's spice that is often lacking in works of pure science. portrait of her is painstaking and truthful — a real Both in manner and in matter, the little volume is a portrait, and not a fancy sketch of the conventional valuable contribution to the analysis of sensations. “Lady Washington ” idealized in the spirit of a certain fad now prevalent. In following her hero- No English poet is more steeped in Spenser's use of ine's career, Mrs. Wharton gives us incidentally classical mythology than Spenser, classical mythology. some pleasing pictures of the manners of the time, and nowhere else can the purely En- notably as exemplified in the home-life of the Wash. glish student find so complete and attractive an ingtons. The little book is not only a capital one exercise-book for the study of the subject as is for popular reading : it cannot fail to win the ap- afforded by the “Faërie Queene." As an aid in such proval of the more critical. There is an attractive study, Miss Alice E. Sawtelle has compiled a dic- portrait, after the original painting by Woolaston. tionary to the “Sources of Spenser's Classical Myth- ology" (Silver, Burdett & Co.), as her thesis for the The most noteworthy characteristic doctor's degree at Yale University. The work seems Physics and psychology. of Professor Mach’s “ Contributions to be very carefully done, and it is a great conven- to the Analysis of Sensations" (Open ience to the student of Spenser to have at his hand Court Publishing Co.) is the point of view by which 80 compact and orderly a presentation of the sub- they are inspired, rather than the facts therein re- ject, although little seems to be added to the knowl. corded or the results reached. It is the point of edge presented in scattered notes by the various view prominent in the writings of Helmholtz, and commentators and editors of the poet. We regret insists upon the essential unity of the underlying that Dr. Sawtelle has not carried out further the too- aspects of sensation and their causes. It is a point brief general introduction to her book, even at the of view at once physical and psychological; or, still risk of repeating in part some of the generalizations better, it is the analysis of the essential nature of of Jortin, Warton, Percival, and other critics. Thus, things underlying the methods and scope of both it would be interesting to hear more in regard to these sciences. Because physics was one science such topics as the artistic methods employed by and psychology another and in many ways a totally Spenser in handling his myths, the proportion of use different science, men seem to believe that the prov- and the sort of use made of the various classical inces of these two divisions of knowledge, their con- poets, the kinds of myths he particularly affects and tent and fact-material, were necessarily diverse. which he loves to elaborate, and the like. A serious Sensation is the common ground of physics and omission in a field offering room for profitable re- psychology, and, indeed, of physiology as well. The search is the lack of investigation in the thesis into difference between these sciences, Professor Mach the subject of the coloring and the transmission of insists, is not that they deal with totally different some of these myths to Spenser through the inter- phenomena but that they deal with them in different mediary of the Italian literature of the Renaissance. ways. When we are discussing the objective forms We conjecture that a study of the annotations to of energy by which our senses may be impressed, we Tasso, Ariosto, and Boiardo, as well as of the writ- 1897.] 23 THE DIAL ings of some of the Italian Platonists and humanists, from this critical point of view have to admit too would contribute to the rather scanty information much of the apparatus of the scholar. The moral now supplied us in relation to such topics as the and spiritual emphasis is constantly weakened by Garden of Adonis, the story of Hippolytus and acknowledgments that this or that story is mythical Æsculapius, and the dreaded name of Demogorgon. or legendary, or by defence and exposition of crit- The last especially is a mysterious and interesting ical results. The hearer's degree of appreciation figure in literature, appearing in the verse not only and the impulses toward better living are in fact of Spenser, but also of Milton, Dryden, Shelley, and limited in such a case to the influence of the person- other English poets; and yet the classical diction- ality of the preacher. When all this has been said, aries and Dr. Sawtelle give us very little help in it remains true that such a book helps toward a truer regard to him. Besides the quotation from Dr. appreciation of the Old Testament, and thus lays Jortin, Dr. Sawtelle might well have added the brief the foundation for more successful achievements in passage on Demogorgon from Milton's Latin writ- the same direction. It is especially interesting to ings cited in Todd's Milton in the note to Paradise students of the religious life of our time. Lost, Book II., line 964. a If easy writing makes hard reading, Some attenuated random prattlings. it may be that what is written at random will be read with concen. trated interest. The reader curious in the question may like to experiment with Mr. L. F. Austin's “At Random ” (Ward, Locke & Co.). Our own experience in this case was that we read the book much as it was written. In the last essay (if they be essays) the author tells how he met Olivia, a sparkling journalist, gazing into the window of a print-shop. She used to go there to look for ideas. Such, we fancy, must be the fate of anyone who has to write a weekly column about things in general. From such columns Mr. Austin's book is made up, but we do not feel quite sure whither he went in search of ideas. Sometimes, obliviously, it was to а 9 to Judson of the Dog-Licensing Department; often he seems to have merely looked out of the window of some club. A few ideas he has got from America: American cider he thinks bad; American after- dinner speeches begin during the oysters ; he was once cajoled and deceived by an American female interviewer. But practically his subject matter is whatever you choose ; it is the treatment that is really the thing. Each number is a series of sections of about the same length, commonly of one para- graph each, with an indented heading and a few leads between every two. This literary form, as our readers are aware, allows the essayist much opportunity for easy badinage, good-natured satire, and quaint common-sense. We have already ex- pressed the opinion in these columns that such con- versation, while excellent in its weekly place, is hardly worth preserving. In “ The Old Testament and Modern Criticism and preaching. Life" (Dodd, Mead & Co.), the Rev. Stopford Brooke endeavors in a se- ries of sermons to show that the modern critical view of the Old Testament is not incompatible with its use as a moral and spiritual guide for this age. That he has been successful in this attempt is, on the whole, questionable. The ideas of people in general about the application of criticism to the Old Testament are so indefinite that sermons prepared BRIEFER MENTION. Mr. Henry I. Sheldon's “Notes on the Nicaragua Canal” (McClurg) comprise a brief descriptive account of this project by a man who has evidently made a care- ful first-hand examination of the route, and has become thoroughly convinced of both the desirability and feasi- bility of the canal. This book discusses the subject in all aspects, legislative, sanitary, and financial, and con- veys much useful information in a modest way. The volume is furnished with sketch-maps and some good illustrations. With commendable promptitude the second volume of Messrs. Britton and Brown's “ Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada, and the British Posses- sions" (Scribner) follows upon the first, which we praised in the highest terms when it appeared last winter. A third volume, soon to follow, will complete the work. There is little to say upon the present occasion beyond the reiteration of our former praises, and the statement that we are now taken through the Orders of the Chori- petalæ (polypetalous flowers) and part way into the Gamopetalæ. The volume before us include Orders 20 to 92 of the former series, and Orders 1 to 16 of the latter. The work should be in every school library, as a matter of course, and no summer house in the country, the home of an educated family, can afford to omit it from the furnishings. Dr. Henry Sweet's “Student's Dictionary of Anglo- Saxon " (Macmillan) is a volume of about two hundred pages, which will serve as a makeshift pending the hoped-for completion of the exhaustive Bosworth-Toller work. It comes chiefly into competition with Dr. Clark Hall's dictionary, which Dr. Sweet pronounced “ter- ribly uncritical.” Condensation and trustworthiness (as far as the work goes) are the objects chiefly aimed at in the preparation of the present work. The Venezuelan Commission send us an instalment of their “Report upon the True Divisional Line between the Republic of Venezuela and British Guiana.” Two volumes are now published, one of text and one of maps. The text is devoted to the geography of the subject, and includes six papers, by expert writers, upon the maps of the territory in dispute. The accompanying atlas contains seventy-six maps, fifteen of which are new, the others being facsimile reproductions of old As an example of book-making, this work does great credit to the Government Printing Office, and stands in striking contrast to most of the productions that come from that source. ones. a 24 [July 1, THE DIAL 66 Messrs. Morton, Bliss, & Co., 38 Nassau St., New LITERARY NOTES. York, are the designated American agents for the Volume III. of Professor J. B. Bury's new edition of Thomas Hugbes Memorial Fund, and subscriptions from Gibbon's “ Decline and Fall” has just been published this country are solicited by them, as well as by a dis- by the Macmillan Co. tinguished committee of educators and divines. The Browning's Verse-Form: Its Organic Character," objects of the Fund are to erect a statue of Judge is a doctoral dissertation presented to Columbia Uni-Hughes and to provide endowments for the Rugby versity by Mr. Arthur Beatty. School Missions in London and Birmingham. The Western Association of Writers is at present The poems of Mrs. Anne Bradstreet, who is called (June 28-July 2) holding its twelfth annual meeting at “ the first American authoress," are about to be repub- Winona Park, near Warsaw, Indiana. lished, with an introduction by Professor Norton, by the The American edition of the Queen Victoria jubilee book club known as “ The Duodecimos," whose treasurer book has been nearly all sold, on advance orders, by the is Mr. Irving Way, Monadnock Building, Chicago. The Century Co. It is published at $50 and $15 a copy. edition is to be limited to 144 copies, of which 132 will be offered for sale at $12.50 each. A previous public Messrs. Ginn & Co. are the publishers of Mr. William H. Mace's “ Method in History for Teachers and Stu- cation by this club, “ Poor Richard's Almanack," is now dents," a work of considerable pedagogical helpfulness. quoted at $35 a co Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co. are about to issue, in Tbe June number of the “ Publications of the Amer- conjunction with the English publishers, the first volume ican Statistical Association” will contain the address on of the “ History of the Royal Navy,” to be completed in Francis Amasa Walker, delivered by Colonel Carroll D. five volumes. Wright at the Quarterly Meeting of the Association, The very interesting chapters of General Horace April 16, 1897. This number will also contain a care- Porter's recollections of his “Campaigning with Grant," fully prepared bibliography of General Walker's writ- lately running in “ The Century," will be issued in book ings. Copies may be had from the Secretary of the form in the autumn. American Statistical Association, 491 Boylston Street, A study of Simms, by Mr. Samuel A. Link, appears Boston, at fifty cents each. in the interesting series of pamphlets on “ Pioneers of A circular, just issued by the Dante Society, sums up Southern Literature," published by Messrs. Barbee & the work done by that organization during the fifteen Smith, Nashville, Tenn. years of its existence, outlines the tasks that it hopes to “Germany,” by Mrs. Kate Freiligrath Kroeker, and perform in the near future, and appeals “to lovers of England,” by Miss Frances E. Cooke, are two volumes Dante and of poetry for an increase in the member- ship.” The annual fee is five dollars, and any person in the “ History for Young Readers " series, published by Messrs. D. Appleton & Co. interested in the objects of the Society may become a « The American Journal of Archæology,” published member by sending his name and one year's subscrip- tion to the Secretary, Professor A. R. Marsh, Cam- by the Macmillan Co., begins a second series this sum- bridge, Mass. mer, and will be published six times a year, instead of four as hitherto. Professor John H. Wright is editor- The recently organized Chicago Society of Egyptian in-chief. Research appeals to the public for annual memberships at five dollars each, and for personal subscriptions of “ A Brief Account of the Establishment of the Colony larger amounts. Each member will receive the large of Georgia, under General James Oglethorpe, Feb- illustrated volume to be published annually by the ruary 1, 1733,” is the second in the series of Ameri- Society. The Chicago Society will also come into pos- can Colonial Tracts,” published by Mr. George P. session of a share of the antiquities unearthed by Mr. Humphrey. Petrie, in whose bands the expenditure of the funds will Publication of the English text of the “ Polychrome" be placed. Mrs. Hart Rawson, 5854 Rosalie Court, Bible will be begun in the autumn. It is stated that Chicago, is authorized to receive subscriptions. Professor Haupt intends to secure the services of the Rev. John Watson in translating certain portions of the The Princeton Sesquicentennial bas already borne lit- work into the Scotch dialect. erary fruit in the shape of a volume containing Profes- sor Dowden's lectures (which we shall review at a later “The Westminster Press " is the style of imprint date), and in three booklets containing other lectures hereafter to be used for those publications of the Pres- given upon that occasion. They are « Two Lectures byterian Board that are not denominational in character. on Theism,” by Professor Andrew Seth; two on “The Mr. John H. Scribner remains in general charge of the Claims of the Old Testament,” by Professor Stanley publishing business of the house. Leatbes; and one upon “ The Descent of the Primates,” “ The Theory of Electricity and Magnetism, being by Professor A. A. W. Hubrecht. Messrs. Charles Lectures on Mathematical Physics," is the title of a Scribner's Sons are the publishers of all these volumes. voluminous treatise by Dr. Arthur Gordon Webster, « Dans la Brume," the latest novel by M. Léon de Director of the Physical Laboratory of Clark Univer- Tinseau, evinces once more the author's frequently- sity. The work is published by the Macmillan Co. declared admiration for American ways and American An “ Annotated Bibliography of Fine Art,” in which life, and will on that account, if on no other, find many Mr. Russell Sturgis has the subjects of painting, sculp- appreciative readers in this country. The heroine is a ture, architecture, decoration, and illustration, while Chicago woman, and it is interesting to learn that in Mr. H. E. Krebbiel takes the department of music, is delineating her the author had constantly in mind the published by the Library Bureau for the American late Mrs. George Rowswell Grant, whose acquaintance Library Association. Such books as these are of the he made in Paris several years ago. It is not a portrait greatest usefulness, and the present example can hardly that he offers us, but a sketch that is at least in many be commended too highly. ways suggestive. 1897.] 25 THE DIAL BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING. A CLASSIFIED LIST OF SOME RECENT PUBLICATIONS. [Fuller descriptions of the following books may be found in the advertising pages of this number or of recent numbers of THE DIAL. Titles appearing in this issue's List of New Books (page 26) are not given here.] FICTION. The Choir Invisible. By James Lane Allen. Macmillan Co. $1.50. Equality. By Edward Bellamy. D. Appleton & Co. $1.25. The Martian. By George du Maurier. Harper & Bros. $1.75. The Landlord at Lion's Head. By W. D. Howells. Harper & Bros. $1.75. Soldiers of Fortune. By Richard Harding Davis. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50. Lads' Love. By S. R. Crockett. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50. Uncle Bernac: A Memory of the Empire. By A. Conan Doyle. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50. A Story-Teller's Pack. By F. R. Stockton. Charles Scrib- ner's Sons. $1.50. Mr. Peters. By Riccardo Stephens. Harper & Bros. $1.50. “Bobbo,” and Other Fancies. By Thomas Wharton. Harper & Bros. $1.50. The Wheels of Chance. By H. G. Wells. Macmillan Co. $1.50. Old Times in Middle Georgia. By R. Malcolm Johnston. Macmillan Co. $1.50. The Master-Beggars. By L. Cope Cornford. J. B. Lippin- cott Co. $1.50. Brichanteau, Actor. From the French of Jules Claretie. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50. Susan's Escort and Others. By Edward Everett Hale. Harper & Bros. $1.50. The Grey Man. By Henry Seton Merriman. The Macmillan Co. $1.50. In the Land of the Snow Pearls. By Mrs. Ella Higginson. Macmillan Co. $1.50. In Buff and Blue, being Certain Portions from the Diary of Richard Hilton, of Haslet's Foot. By George B. Rodney. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.25. Captain Shays, a Populist of 1786. By George R. Rivers. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.25. In the Tideway. By Flora Annie Steel. Macmillan Co. $1.25. Uncanny Tales. By Mrs. Molesworth. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.25. Flames, a London Fantasy. By Robert Hichens. H.S.Stone & Co. $1.50. The Red Scaur. By P. Anderson Graham. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.25. In Plain Air. A New England novel. By Elizabeth L. Cabot. Henry Holt & Co. $1.25. Thirty Strange Stories. By H. G. Wells. Edward Arnold. $1.50. The Port of Missing Ships. By John R. Spears. Macmillan Co. $1.25. Patience Sparhawk and her Times. By Gertrude Atherton. John Lane. $1.50. The Pursuit of the House-boat. By John Kendrick Bangs. Harper & Bros. $1.25. Miss Archer Archer. By Clara Louise Burnham. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25. The Wisdom of Fools. By Margaret Deland. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25. Sketches in Lavender, Blue, and Green. By Jerome K. Jerome. Henry Holt & Co. $1.25. The House of Dreams, an Allegory. Anonymous. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25. The Third Violet. By Stephen Crane. D. Appleton & Co. $1. Wayside Courtships. By Hamlin Garland. D. Appleton & Co. $1.25. The Missionary Sheriff. By Octave Thanet. Harper & Bros. $1.25. The Burglar Who Moved Paradise. By Herbert D. Ward. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25. Doctor Lattrell's First Patient. By Rosa N. Carey. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25. Bolanyo. By Opie Read. Way & Williams. $1.25. Constantine. By George Horton. Way and Williams. $1.25. Lovice. By “The Duchess." J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25. When the Century Was New. By C. C. Abbott. J. B. Lip- pincott Co. $1. One Man Who Was Content. By Mrs. S. Van Rensselaer. Century Co. $1. Hopkins's Pond. By Robert J. Morris. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25. A Daughter of the Philistines. By Leonard Merrick. R. F. Fenno & Co. $1.25. Marrietta's Marriage. By W. E. Norris. D. Appleton & Co. $1. Dorcas Hobday. By Charles Rokeby. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.25. “Hell for Sartain," and Other Stories. By John Fox, Jr. Harper & Bros. $1. King of the Mountains. By Edmond About. Rand, McNally & Co. $1. His Fortunate Grace. By Gertrude Atherton. D. Appleton & Co. $1. The Violet. By Julia Magruder. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.25. The Massarenes. By “Quida." R. F. Fenno & Co. $1.25. A Modern Corsair. By Richard Henry Savage. Rand, McNally & Co. $1. The Mill of Silence. By B. E. J. Capes. Rand, McNally & Co. $1.25. The Devil's Dice. By William Lo Queux. Rand, McNally & Co. $1. One Man's View. By Leonard Merrick. H.S.Stone & Co. $1. The White Hecatomb, and Other Stories. By W. C. Scully. Henry Holt & Co. 75 cts. Spanish Castles by the Rbine. By D. S. Foster. Henry Holt & Co. 75 cts. OUT-OF-DOOR LIFE. Round the Year. By L. C. Miall. The Macmillan Co. $1.50. The Procession of the Flowers. By Thomas Wentworth Higginson. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.25. Upon the Tree-Tops. By Olive Thorne Miller. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25. Citizen Bird. A Story of Bird Life. By Mabel Osgood Wright and Dr. Elliott Coues. Macmillan Co. Bird-Life, a Guide to our Common Birds. By F. M. Chapman. D. Appleton & Co. $1.75. Insect-Life. By J. H. Comstock. D. Appleton & Co. $2.50. Life Histories of American Insects. By C. M. Weed. Mac- millan Co. Familiar Features of the Roadside. By F. Schuyler Mathews. D. Appleton & Co. $1.75. Flowers of Field, Hill, and Swamp. By Caroline A. Creevey. Harper & Bros. $2.50. A Book about Roses. By Dean Hole. Edward Arnold. $1.25. Lawns and Gardens. By M. Jönsson-Rose. G. P. Putnam's Song. $3.50. In the Garden of Peace. By Melen Milman. John Lane. $1.50. Nature in a City Yard. By Charles M. Skinner. The Century Co. $1. The Plant-Lore and Garden-Craft of Shakespeare. By H. N. Ellacombe. Edward Arnold. $3.50. Nature in Dante. By L. Oscar Kuhns. Edward Arnold. $1.50. Out-of-Door Library, new volumes: Mountain-Climbing, and Athletic Sports. Charles Scribner's Sons. Per vol., $1.50. TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION. Wild Norway. By Abel Chapman. Edward Arnold. $5. In Joyful Russia. By John A. Logan, Jr. D. Appleton & Co. $3.50. Siam on the Meinam. With three Romances of Siamese Life. By Maxwell Sommerville. J. B. Lippincott Co. $3. Sketches of Travel in Normandy and Maine. By E. A. Free- man. Macmillan Co. $2.50. Sketches Awheel in Modern Iberia. By Fanny B. and W. H. Workman. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2. A Sunshine Trip, Glimpses of the Orient. By Margaret Bottome. Edward Arnold. $1. The Land of the Dollar, an Englishman's Views of America. By G. W. Steevens. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50. On Many Seas. Life and exploits of a Yankee Sailor. By F. B. Williams. Macmillan Co. $1.50. Literary Landmarks of Florence. By Laurence Hutton. Harper & Bros. $1. Literary Landmarks of Rome. By Laurence Hutton. Harper & Bros. $1. 26 [July 1, THE DIAL TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. July, 1897. American Drama. I. A. Pyle. Lippincott. American Mood, The. W. D. Howells. Harper. Burke, Edmund. Kate H. Claghorn. Atlantic. California Alps Wild Flowers. Miss B. F. Herrick. Pop. Sci. Deaf-mute Education in America. A. W. Greely. Rev. of Rev. Disloyal Wife in Literature, The. Poet-Lore. Economy in Evolution. E. Noble. Popular Science. Fiction, Recent. W. M. Payne. Dial. "Homewood," a Model Suburb. E.R. L. Gould. Rev. of Rev. House of Commons Celebrities. T. P. O'Connor. Harper. Invention, Forecasting. W. Baxter, Jr. Popular Science. Jowett. C. A. L. Richards. Dial. Jowett and the University Ideal. J. Ashley. Atlantic. Legislatures, Decline of. E. L. Godkin. Atlantic. Literature of Victoria's Reign. Dial. Low, Seth. Edward Cary. Review of Reviews. Natal. Poultney Bigelow. Harper. Nation, The Making of the. Woodrow Wilson. Atlantic. Nature, Studies in. Sara A. Hubbard. Dial. New England, Future of. A. F. Sanborn. Atlantic. Newspaper Advertising, Evolution of. O. Herzberg. Lip'cott. North and South. S. Trotter. Popular Science. Quarantine for Cattle. H. H. Bowen. Lippincott. Racial Geography of Europe. W. R. Ripley. Pop. Science. Saturn the Planet. C. A. Howes. Popular Science. Shakespeare as Critic. J. W. Bray. Poet-Lore. Sheridan's Ride. G. A. Forsyth. Harper. Suicide among the Ancients. L. Irwell. Lippincott. Storling-Emerson Correspondence, The. E. W. Emerson. Atla. Travels, Recent. H. M. Stanley. Dial. Wasps and Bees. R. W. Shufeldt. Popular Science, Women and Freedom in Whitman. Helen Michael. Poet-Lore. LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 75 titles, includes books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] One Man's View. By Leonard Merrick, author of " Violet Moses." 16mo, pp. 258, gilt top, uncut edges. H. S. Stone & Co. $1. A Bit of a Fool. By Sir Robert Peel, Bart. 12mo, pp. 345, gilt top, uncut. R. F. Fenno & Co. $1.25. The Sun of Saratoga: A Romance of Burgoyne's Surrender. By Joseph A. Altsheler. 12mo, pp. 313. D. Appleton & Co. $1. Sweet Revenge: A Romance of the Civil War. By F. A. Mitchel. 12mo, pp. 248. Harper & Bros. $1. Extracts from the Diary of Moritz Svengali. Trang, and edited by Alfred Welch, 24mo, pp. 89. Henry Holt & Co. 50 cts. The Ghost of Guir House. By Charles Willing Beale. 16mo, pp. 184, gilt top, uncut. Cincinnati: Editor Pub'g Co. $1. On a Western Campus. Stories of Undergraduate Life, by the Class of '98, Iowa College. Illus., 18mo, pp. 247, uncut. Buffalo: C. W. Moulton. $1. Keef. A Life-Story. By Timothy Wilfred Coakley. Illas., 18mo, pp. 152, gilt top, uncut edges. C. E. Brown & Co. $1. Stories of Long Ago in a New Dress. By Grace H. Kuppfer. Illus., 16mo, pp. 177. D. C. Heath & Co. 35 cts. NEW VOLUMES IN THE PAPER LIBRARIES. Oriental Library. The Flying Halcyon. By Richard Henry Savage. 12mo, pp. 300. Rand, McNally & Co. 25 cts. Criterion Series. By St. George Rathborne. 12mo, pp. 276. Street & Smith. 50 cts. Popular Library. Sweet Danger. By Ella Wheeler Wil- cox. Illus., 12mo, pp. 296.- A Fascinating Sinner. By "Delta." 12mo, pp. 305. F. Tennyson Neely. Per vol., 25 cts. Model Series. A Lucky Young Woman. By F. C. Phillips. 12mo, pp. 246. Street & Smith. 25 cts. Eagle Library. Violet Lisle. By Bertha M. Clay. 12mo, pp. 242. Street & Smith. 10 cts. TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION. The First Crossing of Spitzbergen. By Sir Martin Con- way, M.A., with contributions by J. W. Gregory, D.Sc., A. Trevor-Battye, and E. J. Garwood. Profusely illus. large 8vo, pp. 371, gilt top, uncat edges. Imported by Charles Scribner's Song. $10. A Ride Through Western Asia. By Clive Bigham. Ilus. and with maps, 8vo, pp. 284. Macmillan Co. $3. The Outgoing Turk: Impressions of a Journey through the Western Balkans. By H. C. Thomson, author of "The Chitral Campaign." Illus. from photographs, and with 3 maps, large 8vo, pp. 285, uncut. D. Appleton & Co. $4. Letters from Armenia. By J. Rendel Harris and Helen B. Harris. Illus., 12mo, pp. 254. F. H. Revell Co. $1.25. Souvenirs d'Amérique et de Grèce. Par Pierre Coubertin, 16mo, pp. 181, paper. Paris : Hachete et Cie. NATURE STUDIES. Memories of the Months. Being Pages from the Note- book of a Field Naturalist. By Sir Herbert Maxwell, Bart. Illus., 12mo, pp. 300, gilt top, uncut edges. Edward Arnold. $1.75. In Brook and Bayou. By Clara Kern Bayliss. Illus., 16mo, pp. 180. D. Appleton & Co. 60 cts. BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS. Lord Cromer. A Biography. By H. D. Traill. With por- trait, large 8vo, pp. 350, uncut. Edward Arnold. Oliver Cromwell: A Study in Personal Religion. By Robert F. Horton, M.A., author of "The Art of Living Together." 12mo, pp. 208, gilt top, uncut edges. Thomas Whittaker. $1.25. Samuel Sowall and the World He Lived in. By Rev. FICTION. The Meddling Hussy. Being 14 Tales Retold. By Clinton Ross. Illus., 16mo, pp. 400. Stone & Kimball. $1.50. Max. By Julian Croskey. 16mo, pp. 500, gilt top, uncut. John Lane. $1.50. A Rose of Yesterday. By F. Marion Crawford. 12mo, pp. 220, gilt top, uncut edges. Macmillan Co. $1.25. Arnaud's Masterpiece. A Romance of the Pyrenees. By Walter Cranston Larned. 12mo, pp. 215, gilt top, unout edges. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25. My Run Home. By Rolf Bolderwood, author of "Robbery under Arms." 12mo, pp. 458. Macmillan Co. $1.25. Pink Marsh. By George Ade, author of " Artie.” Illus. by John T. McCutcheon. 16mo, uncut, pp. 197. H. S. Stone & Co. $1.25. The Gadily. By E. L. Voynich. 12mo, pp. 373. Henry Holt & Co. $1.25. The Philanderers. By A. E. W. Mason, author of "The Courtship of Morrice Buckler." 12mo, pp. 232. Mac- millan Co. $1.25. Castle Meadow. A Story of Norwich a Hundred Years Ago. By Emma Marshall, author of "The White King's Daughter." 8vo, pp. 286, uncut. Macmillan Co. $1.25. The Secret of St. Florel. By John Berwick. 12mo, pp. 397. Macmillan Co. $1.25. The Fall of a Star. A Novel. By Sir William Magnay, Bart. 12mo, pp. 269. Macmillan Co. $1.25. Fierceheart the Soldier. A Romance of 1745. By J. C. Snaith, author of “ Mistress Dorothy Marvin." 16mo, pp. 329. D. Appleton & Co. $1. The old Gentleman of the Black Stock. By Thomas Nelson Page. 18mo, pp. 137, gilt top, uncut edges. Charles Scribner's N. H. Chamberlain. Illus., 12mo, pp. 320, gilt top, uncut. De Wolfe, Fiske & Co. $2. My Father as I Recall Him. By Mamie Dickens. Illus., 12mo, pp. 128, uncut. Westminster, England: The Rox- burghe Press. $1. HISTORY. History of Intellectual Development on the Lines of Modern Evolution. By John Beattie Crozier, author of “Civilization and Progress." Vol. I., large 8vo, pp. 538, uncut. Longmans, Green, & Co. $4.50. Sons. 75 cts. The Story of Mollie. By Marian Bower. 12mo, pp. 153, gilt top. Roberts Bros. $1. 1. 27 1897.] THE DIAL ਡ ... Ela al Woman and the Republic. A Survey of the Woman- Suffrage Movement in the United States. By Helen Ken- drick Johnson. 16mo, pp. 327. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50. EDUCATION.- BOOKS FOR SCHOOL AND COLLEGE. Method in History for Teachers and Students. By William H. Maco. 16mo, pp. 311. Ginn & Co. $1.10. Studies in Literature and Composition for High Schools, etc. By W. H. Skinner. Illus., 16mo, pp. 225. Lincoln, Neb.: J. H. Miller. $1. First Spanish Readings. Selected and edited by John E. Matzke, Ph.D. 16mo, pp. 219. D. C. Heath & Co. $1. Study and Practice in French, Advanced Classes. By Louise C. Boname. Part 3, Irregular Verbs, etc. 16mo, pp. 283. Philadelphia : The Author. $1. Via Latina. An Easy Latin Reader. By William C. Collar, with Vocabulary by Clarence W. Gleason. 16mo, pp. 203. Ginn & Co. 85 cts. A First Book in Writing English. By Edwin Herbert Lewis, Ph.D. 16mo, pp. 293. Macmillan Co. 80 cts. Elementary Drawing. A Series of Practical Papers for Beginners. Written and illus. by Elizabeth Moore Hal- lowell. Oblong, pp. 54. Macmillan Co. 75 cts. Drei Kleine Lustspiele. Edited by Benj. W. Wells, Ph.D. 16mo, pp. 121. D. C. Heath & Co. 30 cts. MISCELLANEOUS. Hired Furnished. Being certain Economical Housekeeping Adventures in England. By Margaret B. Wright. 18mo, pp. 455. Roberts Bros. $1.25. New Salads. With a group of Odd Salads and some Ceylon Salads. By Mrs. S. T. Rorer, author of “Mrs. Rorer's Cook Book.” Oblong, pp. 63. Arnold & Co. 50 cts. NOTICE. 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Every chapter is full of delicious humor, yet not at all forced or over- nal of Education, Boston. strained, and with it all there is a vein of earnestnost."-Boston Beacon. > For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent postpaid, upon receipt of price, by the Publishers, HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., BOSTON. THE DIAL PRESS, CHICAGO. 67 REC JUL ** 2 1897 THE DIAL A SEMI- MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. EDITED BY FRANCIS F. BROWNE. } Volume XXIII. No. 266. CHICAGO, JULY 16, 1897. 10 cts. a copy. $2. a year. 315 WABASH AVE. 1 Opposite Auditorium. Lamson, Wolffe & Company's New Books. 1500 Copies Sold Before Publication. Just Out: A New Book by JOHN SERGEANT WISE. DIOMED: The Life, Travels, and Observations of a Dog. With one hundred illustrations by J. LINTON CHAPMAN. Price, $2.00. “In many respects one of the cleverest books of the year."- St. Louis Globe-Democrat. Lowell Lectures by Prince SERGE WOLKONSKY. 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Being the narrative of the Acadian ranger, Jean de Mer, Seigneur de Briart, and how he crossed the Black Abbé; and of his adventures in a strange fellowship. With seven full-page illustrations by HENRY SANDHAM, R.C.A. $1.50. “It is a story to shake the torpor from the brain, and to keep the soul alive. It is charged with romance and works like wine." - The Bookman. A Summer Novel by WILLIAM SHARP. WIVES IN EXILE. A Comedy in Romance. $1.25. “Not oven Stockton is a more legitimate creator of fun than Mr. Sharp . . . Not even Clark Russell could have woven a brief yachting experience into a more enjoyable romance."- Boston Herald. "Several of the descriptions of sea and shore are little less than masterpieces."— Boston Transcript. “The book ought to prove a panacea for the blues."— Boston Journal. A New Book by Mrs. BURTON HARRISON. THE MERRY MAID OF ARCADY, HIS LORDSHIP, and Other Stories. Illustrated, $1.50. " Mrs. Harrison depicts society with a sunny carelessness, pero fectly well bred, that is delicious in its suspicion of satire."- Boston Herald. A New Novel by CLINTON ROSS. ZULEKA. Being the history of an adventure in the life of an American Gentleman, with some account of the recent disturbances in Dorola. $1.50. “Mr. Ross has told us a good story."- The Critic. Just Out: A New Book by MABEL FULLER BLODGETT. AT THE QUEEN'S MERCY: A Tale of Adventure. With five full- page illustrations by HENRY SANDHAM, R.C.A. $1.25. “Throughout our author shows feminine tact, grace, tenderness, and a peculiarly woman's insight into the affairs of the heart . and that which in Haggard is repulsive is in the pages of Mrs. Blodgett refined and veiled so as to be attractive without losing pic- turesqueness or virility."-Boston Advertiser. By F. J. STIMSON (J. S. of Dale). KING NOANETT. A story of Old Virginia and the Massachusetts Bay. With twelve full-page illustrations by HENRY SANDHAM, R.C.A. Bound in cloth, $2.00. “Mr, Stimson's work is, in many ways, one of the best of its kind that has appeared since the publication of 'Lorna Doone' itselt, almost thirty years ago. Miles Courtenay and Jennife are admirably drawn, and the secret of the identity of the titular character, well kept until the very close of the tale, is one of the genuine surprises of fiction. King Noanett will live, as he deserves to live, long after many of his contemporary heroes of early adventure in this country are altogether forgotten. And his creator knows how to tell a story." - LAWRENCE HUtton, in Harper's Magazine. LAMSON, WOLFFE & COMPANY, BOSTON. LONDON. NEW YORK. 34 [July 16, 1897. THE DIAL NEW BOOKS FROM THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. AND JUST READY. CITIZEN BIRD. A Story of Bird Life. BY MABEL OSGOOD WRIGHT, Cloth, Crown 8vo. DR. ELLIOTT COUES, Author of “ Birdcraft,” « Tommy-Anne," etc. Price, $1.50. Author of “ Birds of North America," etc. Illustrated with drawings from nature by LOUIS AGABSIZ FUERTES. The young folks who are making their first study of bird life find in this a charming story, and a guide to all the chief varieties of North American birds, with information about their habits, economic value, etc. THE RURAL SCIENCE SERIES. Edited by Professor L. H. BAILEY, Cornell University. New Volumes. NEARLY READY. JUST READY. THE PRINCIPLES OF FRUIT-GROWING. THE FERTILITY OF THE LAND: By L. H. BAILEY. Cloth, $1.25. A Summary Sketch of the Relationship of Farm-Practice This book is designed to treat all those underlying to the Maintaining and Increasing of the matters of fruit-growing which are common to most of Productivity of the Soil. all of the various fruits. The very best science of the By I. P. ROBERTS, Director of the College of Agricul- day is joined to the very best practice. ture, Cornell University. Fully illustrated. $1.25. NEW NOVELS FOR SUMMER READING. F. MARION CRAWFORD'S NEW NOVEL. BY THE AUTHOR OF “A KENTUCKY CARDINAL. JUST READY. THIRD EDITION, A ROSE OF YESTERDAY. THE CHOIR INVISIBLE. By F. Marion CRAWFORD, author of “Casa Braccio,” etc. Cloth, 12mo, $1.25. By JAMES LANE ALLEN, author of “Summer in Ar. ANDREW LANG says: cady,” etc. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. “F. Marion Crawford is the most versatile and various' of BLISS CARMAN, in The Evening Transcript, Boston : modern novelists. He has great adaptability and subtleness of mind, and whether dealing with life in Modern Rome, in “There are two chief reasons why Mr. Allen seems to me the wilds of India or in the fashionable quarter of New York, one of the first of our novelists to-day. He is most exquisitely in the Black Forest or in a lonely parish of Rural England, he alive to the fine spirit of comedy. He has a prose style of is equally facile and sure of his ground; a master of the nar- wonderful beauty, conscientiousness, and simplicity." rative style, he throws a subtle charm over all he touches." SHORT STORIES. TALES OF PUGET SOUND. BY THE AUTHOR OF “ DUKESBOROUGH TALES." IN THE LAND OF THE SNOW PEARLS. OLD TIMES IN MIDDLE GEORGIA. By ELLA HIGGINSON. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. Ву R. MALCOLM JOHNSTON. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. Two volumes of short stories, each of which is a picture of the distinctive life of that section of the country rom which the author writes. Mrs. Higginson's book is a second edition, with added stories, of “The Flower tbat Grew in the Sand," of which the Chicago Tribune said: "She has shown a breadth of treatment and knowledge of the everlasting human verities that equals much of the best work of France." le MRS. STEEL'S NEW NOVEL. IN THE TIDEWAY. By FLORA ANNIE STEEL, author of “On the face of the Waters," "The Flower of Forgiveness," etc. Cloth, 16mo, $1.25. “A piece of evenly brilliant writing."-The Tribune, New York. "A DELIGHTFULLY FUNNY BOOK." WHEELS OF CHANCE. By H. G. WELLS, author of "The Won- derful Visit," etc. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. “Altogether the cleverest story of the wheel yet written."-Chicago Tribune. "A bicycling idyl."-The Timos, New York. RECENT ENGLISH FICTION. THE FALL OF A STAR. By Sir WILLIAM MAGNAY, Bart. Cloth, 12mo, $1.25. THE GREY LADY. By HENRY SETON MERRIMAN. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. MACMILLAN'S ILLUSTRATED STANDARD NOVELS. NEW VOLUME. SNARLEYYOW. By CAPTAIN MARRYAT. Illustrated by H. R. MILLAR. Introduction by DAVID HANNAY. Cloth, crown 8vo. Price, $1.50. Send for the list of volumes already issued in this series. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, No. 66 Fifth Avenue, New York. THE DIAL ! A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. PAGE 35 44 45 48 No. 266. JULY 16, 1897. Vol. XXIII. uniformity of methods and ideals, and that from the now seemingly chaotic condition of CONTENTS. affairs something like a definite set of conclu. sions is on the way toward emergence. THE TEACHING OF ENGLISH ONCE MORE .. In - The School Review” for June we are SHAKESPEARE IN CHICAGO, II. W. E. Simonds 37 provided with the means for taking as distinct COMMUNICATIONS 38 a view of this important matter as it is possible “A Philosopher Decadent." A Reply. Thomas at present to gain, and we propose to glance at Common. the subject in the light of the documentary evi- What are "Survivals” and “ Archaisms ” ? dence there collected. The report of Dr. A. F. W. H. J. Bibliography of the World's Congresses of 1893. Nightingale as Chairman of the Denver Com. Charles C. Bonney. mittee on College Entrance Requirements, the MORE LIGHT ON EARLY NORTHWESTERN report of Mr. J. E. Russell on the subject of HISTORY. B. A. Hinsdale 40 Requirements in English, and the report of THE SECRET OF THE EAST. Edward E. Hale, Jr. 42 Mr. C. W. French on the English Conference of May 31, are the three documents upon which THE RUINED CITIES AND MONUMENTS OF we have drawn, and an examination of their YUCATAN. Frederick Starr contents will be found both helpful and sug- STUDIES IN MEDIÆVAL LITERATURE. William gestive. Morton Payne The English Conference in question was FACT AND FICTION IN SOCIAL STUDY. C. R. held in New York, and the participants were a Henderson committee of fifteen delegates from the five Gibbins's Industry in England. - The Revolutionary Tendencies of the Age.- Nash's Genesis of the so- associations of secondary schools and colleges cial Conscience.— Bellamy's Equality.- Helen Ken- that have played so important a part in the drick Johnson's Woman and the Republic. educational activity of recent years, and that BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS are doing so much to make us hopeful of real Cicero and his friends.- A fine pair of un-Scottish Scots.- English politics and the development of the progress in the matter of intermediate and national spirit. - Begging as a fine art.— The theory higher education. Considerable differences of of socialization.-Haunts and homes of Thackeray.- opinion were developed in the Conference, and The conditions of our Lord's life on earth.– Tolstoï's adjournment until next December was had gospel in brief. without outlining any permanent policy. It is LITERARY NOTES interesting, however, to learn that the speak- LIST OF NEW BOOKS 52 ers were nearly unanimous in the opinion that there should be no difference between the reg- ular and college-preparatory courses in En- THE TEACHING OF ENGLISH glish.” The discussion was for the most part ONCE MORE. focussed upon a series of resolutions presented The teaching of English in our universities by Mr. French. These resolutions called for a is a subject that has reached an acute phase of full four years of preparatory work, and offered discussion of recent years, and in that discus- a scheme for each of the four years. The sion THE DIAL, as our readers know, has had scheme embodied one year of rhetoric and its share. Still more recently, the discussion composition, one devoted to the history of the seems to have shifted its ground from the field English language, and two devoted to a histor- of higher to that of secondary education, and ical survey of English literature. It also pro- pedagogical interest in the subject is now cen- vided for continuous essay writing and for con- tred upon the work of the preparatory schools tinuous reading, both intensive and cursory, of and upon the admission requirements of the carefully selected books. The resolutions also colleges. While both the theory and the prac- called for a settlement of college entrance tice of the subject are still in a tentative and requirements upon the basis of the work called transitional state, it may be affirmed that we for by the above scheme, and urged the adop- are at last on the way toward something like I tion of a list of not less than one hundred and 51 52 . 36 [July 16, THE DIAL courses. fifty books” from which preparatory schools tabulated form, being based upon the replies to might select the required reading for their two circulars of inquiry sent to about three hundred teachers of English in the secondary This last resolution, which is perhaps the schools and colleges. A few of the results of most important of all, and which is certainly a this investigation may be given. The first step in the right direction, seemed to meet with questions called for an opinion concerning the scant favor, since about the only thing defi- satisfactoriness of the present entrance require- nitely done by the Conference was the adoption ments, which are considered satisfactory by of a brief and narrow fixed list for 1901 and large majorities. The number of years of pre- 1902, this being substantially the list hitherto paratory work needed to meet these require- adopted for 1900. Dr. Nightingale, who was ments is variously estimated at from one to four, not present at the meeting, sent a letter in ad- the term of two years receiving the largest vocacy of what we believe to be the wiser policy number of votes. These replies taken together of elasticity and latitude in the matter of seem to indicate a lower standard than should required reading. This letter urges the adop- prevail. The preparatory work in English tion of long lists of books for both kinds of should certainly call for three or four years of reading. Such questions as the following will study. An overwhelming majority of votes not down, however conferences may try to sup- were recorded in favor of the proposition that press them. “Why designate a particular set in the selection of books for the required work, for 1897, another for 1898, and so on ? Why the governing principles should be: (1) the not present a list good until 1905, for read representation of distinct periods and types of ing' and for study and practice 'out of which literature, (2) the consideration of historical selections may be made according to the judg. sequence, and (3) the equal representation of ment of the school ?” Why not, indeed? The prose and poetry. Opinions were solicited con- only reason which the partisans of rigidity have cerning the fitness of the books in a list of to offer is that college examiners would find it forty-four, compiled from the actual require- difficult to shape their questions with reference ments of different colleges. Each book is to such an extended list. “Oh, the farce and “Oh, the farce and marked as desirable, very desirable, unsatisfac- the folly,” Dr. Nightingale exclaims, “ of shap-tory, or very unsatisfactory. “The Merchant ing requirements for admission to college for of Venice ”is the only book in the list that does the purpose of facilitating the making of exam- not get a single vote under the two adverse ination questions ! ” categories. Those that come next in accepta- We are in hearty agreement with this posibility are “ Miles Standish,” “Evangeline, ' tion, and always ready to share the indignation “Ivanhoe,” “ Julius Cæsar,” “The Lady of of those who protest against rigid uniformity in the Lake,” “Marmion,” “The Sketch Book," anything but the veriest essentials of educa- and “The Vision of Sir Launfal.” Among the tional policy. As for this particular policy of very desirable books are also “ As You Like uniform reading, devised solely in the interest It," Macbeth,” and “Silas Marner." The of the examiner, and almost fatal to the work most unsatisfactory book in the list is Defoe's of the instructor, it recalls nothing so much as “ History of the Plague," the adoption of which the puerile plea of Mr. Dingley in defence of by the colleges has always been a dark mys- his recent atrocious proposal for the taxation tery. One hundred and seventy-eight votes of knowledge. It will never do, he said in sub- are cast against it, and only thirty-seven in its stance, to permit books of any kind to enter the favor. Other books that get at least fifty ad- country without taxation, because we cannot verse votes (out of from three to five times that expect our overworked customs officials to number) are “Comus,” Pope's ” “Iliad,” “ Ly. waste their energies in determining whether cidas,” Dryden's “ Palamon and Arcite," and books are more than twenty years old, or in Macaulay's "Second Essay on Chatham.” The what language they are printed. It is much majority of the books in the list are ratified simpler to clap a tax upon them all, and spare by decided majorities. A question calling for the tax-collector at the expense of all the stu- additional suggestions elicited two hundred dents and readers in the land. Or, if this titles, among which Tennyson's “Idylls of parallel be not sufficient, another may be found the King' the King" received twenty-four suffrages, in Lamb's famous essay on the economical Emerson's " Essays " twenty-one, Franklin's Chinese method of roasting pig. Autobiography thirteen, “ The Deserted Mr. Russell's interesting report is largely in Village,” « The Essays of Elia,” and “ Henry 1897.] 37 THE DIAL " 9 Esmond” each twelve, and “Hamlet” ten. A second circular of inquiry sent out by SHAKESPEARE IN CHICAGO, II.* Mr. Russell included questions of more gen- The dramatic record of the past year in Chicago eral scope, and elicited some interesting ex- is an average one. It has been rather interesting pressions of opinion. The vote was almost to note the frequency with which adaptations of unanimous that English should be pursued by popular works of fiction have held the stage, and all classes in the high school during the entire this tendency in dramatic productions may have course, but opinion was about evenly divided some significance for one who at all studies the between three, four, and five periods per week theatre of to-day. Old-time melodrama of the type for the time allotment. A large majority voted represented by : Monte Cristo” and “The Man in the Iron Mask,” based on popular French romance, for basing composition work chiefly upon the has held its own and shows some new development. required reading. Exercises in paraphrasing To the unreasonable popularity of “Trilby ” in its poetry, correcting bad English, and condensa- barbarous stage version of the past two seasons is tion were all recommended by fair majorities. undoubtedly due the attempt of Mr. Clyde Fitch to Opinion was rather against the formal study reconstruct “ Bohemia” out of Mürger's romance. of English literary history, and very strongly “The Prisoner of Zenda" has pursued its triumphal against courses in Anglo-Saxon and Early En- course, with the adaptation of Mr. Townsend's “ Chimmie Fadden glish. Rhetoric and formal grammar as sepa- as an odd competitor for pub- rate studies received large votes, but again be achieved success in the hands of the Hollands, lic favor. Miss Phipps's “ A Social Highwayman opinion was very much at sea when it came to and Mr. Theodore Hamilton's work in “ Pudd'n- fixing the year in which these studies should head Wilson " has won public approval. Mr. Stuart best be pursued. Some of the questions were Robson has also made a success in the dramatization of such a nature that the replies to them did not of Opie Read's “The Juckling." Most interesting admit of statistical presentation. In one case, of all has been the appearance of Mr. Mansfield in for example, the replies “show a widespread “The Scarlet Letter," and that of Mrs. Marlowe- dissatisfaction with the English requirement Taber in Mr. Barron's arrangement of “Romola.” even by those who accept it tentatively as the In comparing the season just closed with that of best possible at the present time.” And the 1895-96, we find an apparent lessening of interest in the Shakespearian drama. However, the season question which called for a statement of the of 1895–96 was a remarkable one in this respect, main objects to be sought in the teaching of and the mere falling off in the number of plays secondary English showed so great a diversity presented should not be regarded as especially sig. of opinion that we may well conclude that the nificant. The following facts are noteworthy. real difficulty lies just here, and that we can- While in the previous season eighty-eight Shake- not expect anything but chaos in our work spearian presentations are recorded, such presenta- until we are substantially agreed upon what it tions number sixty-eight for the season of 1896–97; is most desirable to do. The answers to this the number of plays staged, however, is the same in question ranged all the way from the analysis both seasons — thirteen. “ Julius Cæsar,” “Two of a typical English sentence Gentlemen of Verona, to a “ famili. Macbeth,” and “ Mid- arity with the greatest minds of all times, summer Night's Dream,” included in the repertory of 1895–96, were replaced by “Much Ado About although from them all five ideals emerged in Nothing," "Cymbeline," " King Lear,” and “The the following order of emphasis : “Habits of Tempest." "Hamlet,” which received twenty-six good expression, oral and written," “ a taste for representations in the season before the last, was good literature,” “ an acquaintance with the given but six in 1896–97. “The Merchant of outlines of English literature," “ culture and Venice " also fell from a record of eleven to one of discipline,” and “the ability to read under- five. “Othello," presented eight times in 1895–96, standingly." These are all worthy aims, no was staged but once the past season ; a similar state- doubt, and if agreement can once be had upon ment holds for “ The Taming of the Shrew,” which their relative importance, we may well relegate hand, Richard III.” was brought out seven times in 1895–96 was given ten times. On the other to the limbo of the unimportant most of the in each season, while “Romeo and Juliet” received other questions raised by the investigation now fourteen presentations during the past year as under consideration. “ If the main objects of against four in that preceding. The notable fea. teaching English are attained,” to conclude tures of 1896–97 were undoubtedly the revival of our discussion with Mr. Russell's most perti- “King Lear” by Frederick Warde, and that of nent closing inquiry, “what matters it to the *This article is in continuation of one in The Dial of colleges, or to anyone outside of the schools, June 16, 1896, giving the record of Shakespearian representa- what list of books is studied ?" tions in Chicago for a year preceding. 38 [July 16, THE DIAL Dales. Otis Skinner. 1 Richard III. 7 99 2 Hamlet. 6 Otis Skinner. Robert Mantell. James O'Neill. Otis Skinner. Marlowe-Taber. Oct. 30. Mar. 5. 3 Romeo and Juliet. 14 Otis Skinner. 4 Merchant of Venice. 5 6 Othello. 7 As You Like It. 1 3 2 Robert Mantell. Marlowe-Taber. Marlowe-Taber. Jan. 18. 5 Ada Rehan. 3 1 Ada Rehan. 13 68 8 “The Tempest" by Mr. Daly's company. Courtesy themselves every •if'and for,'” when the Germans are demands mention also of the spectacular production spoken of in contrast to the “æsthetic gentlemen ” who of “Cymbeline,” which was at least a novelty to used if” and “for.” (I understand that themselves is objected to, as redundant, which it certainly is not.) In our stage. Following is the tabulated record of Shake- the next passage I am blamed for preserving a metaphor by translating it literally, though not obscurely. Besides spearian productions for the year. preserving the metaphor, the literal rendering seems Plays. No. Players. best suited to the context. Here, however, Mr. von Sept. 21, Oct. 3. Richard Mansfield. Nov. 2, 6, Mar. 29, Klenze again falls into an incidental mistake when he Apr. 9. gives the original as “ Ich weiss nicht wo aus noch ein." Frederick Warde. Apr. 7. Sept. 22, 23, 25, (2). The wo is redundant, and is not in the original. I know only too well that there are sufficient imper- Sept. 23, 26, Oct. 1, 3. fections in my translation, but in being the first to un- Dec. 28 - Jan. 2 (7 dertake voluntarily a difficult and important work (Dr. times), Jan. 16. Margaret Mather. May 15 (2). Haussmann, the translator of the “Genealogy of Morals,” Sept. 24 was the second to voluntarily undertake and complete Richard Mansfield. Nov. 4, Mar. 30. Frederick Wardo. Apr. 4, 10. a translation of one of Nietzsche's volumes), I do not 5 Taming of the Shrew. 1 Otis Skinner. Sept. 24. wish to be blamed for things which are not real errors. Oct. 31. Jan. 1, 11, 16. A part, however, from his concluding paragraph, 8 Twelfth Night. which is a curiosity in criticism, Mr. von Klenze's arti- 9 Much Ado. { Marlowe-Taber. Jan. 9, 12. May 28, 29 (2). cle on Nietzsche's philosophy is valuable on the whole. 10 King Lear. Frederick Warde. Apr. 4, 6, 10. It is an immense advance on the criticism in Nordau's 11 Henry IV. Frederick Warde. Apr. 9. 12 Cymbeline. 15 Margaret Mather. May 2-13 (15 times). “ Degeneration," and on some of the earlier criticisms of 13 The Tempest. May 31, June 1 (2), 3. Nietzsche which appeared in English (e. g., the dis- graceful attack on Nietzsche which appeared in the W. E. SIMONDS. « International Journal of Ethics” for July, 1892, p. 533). Surely, however, Mr. von Klenze insists too dogmatically on Nietzsche's lack of the historical sense. The course of social development from the Renaissance COMMUNICATIONS. to the present time is far too brief and exceptional to furnish data from which we can deduce with certainty “A PHILOSOPHER DECADENT." - A REPLY. the permanency of democratic institutions. Others than (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) Mr. John Morley, who believe in democratic institutions, Mr. Camillo von Klenze's remarks on the translations would do well to study Machiavelli, to whom, along of Volumes VIII. and XI. of the English version of with Thucydides, Nietzsche claims to be nearest akin. Nietzsche's Works, in THE DIAL for June 16, can hardly Nietzsche's careful distinction, also, between böse be allowed to pass unnoticed. When approaching the (evil) and schlecht (bad) seems hardly to be grasped by end of his article, he seems to have suddenly bethought Mr. von Klenze. The word evil should therefore be himself that it is always the proper thing for a reviewer substituted for bad in the passage: “Good' in other to portion out strong doses of praise and blame. He words is tantamount to barmless, .bad' to strong, pow- deals out these articles in a great hurry, like a person erful.” We find Nietzsche almost continually contem- who has been kept beyond his hours, and is anxious to plating moral phenomena of one kind or other in his get home. I happen to get the strong dose of blame. voluminous writings; it is therefore not at all correct to Of my translation, wbich compares at least favorably say, “ These revolutionary views Nietzsche does not enough with the one he praises, he says, “ It is bad base on a careful comparative study of morality, but on throughout, and in parts ignominious"; and after fur- the etymology of a few words.” THOMAS COMMON. nishing what purports to be a list of bad and ignominous 9 Caird Drive, Partickhill, Glasgow, July 1, 1897. passages, he adds, “Such things ought never to be printed.” But none of the four errors which he adduces as bad WHAT ARE “SURVIVALS” AND “ARCHAISMS” ? and ignominious are errors at all, except in the imagina- (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) tion of a person in a flurried state of mind. He errone- The discussion concerning the use of the verbs "learn" ously refers to a passage as on page 9 (it is on page 19 and “ teach” reveals, as it seems to me, a surprising in the English edition), where he thinks I have com- lack of accurate definition. I suppose it to be unques- mitted the terrible blunder of putting is instead of are. tionable that the verb “ learn" in a causative sense has I insist, however, on the authority of grammarians (e.g., had a widely extended and uninterrupted currency Bain in his “ Higher English Grammar") that is is per- among English-speaking people for centuries. It is only fectly correct in the passage, “ In his art there is mixed, the careful who consistently avoid it, and the careful in the most seductive manner, the things at present are not the majority. Where one writer (as Tennyson) most necessary for everybody — the three great stimu- employs the construction with the English of an earlier lants of the exhausted.” (A discussion of the same day in mind, a thousand men, women, and children, of trivial question, which the “Saturday Review” justly the masses, use it spontaneously, because with them it ridicules, has been going on in a London newspaper, is the ordinary expression for the thought in mind. To with reference to the expression used by Mr. Jerome K. call it either an “archaism or a “survival” under such Jerome,—“A good woman's arms ... is a life-belt.”) circumstances is to use language altogether too loosely I am further blamed for translating Romane as ro- for the purposes of philological investigation. May we mances, which is certainly not an incorrect rendering. not confine the term “archaism to expressions not Neither is it erroneous to use the expression, “ prohibit handed down in usage from age to age, but obtained 1897.] 39 THE DIAL directly from an older time across an expanse of gener- ations to which the usage was not known? and is not a « survival,” strictly speaking, an expression which has been handed down from generation to generation in spontaneous usage, but within such narrow limits as to have escaped general attention and acceptance? If I am wrong in this restriction of the terms, I am willing to be corrected; but if there be not some such restric- tion they should be dropped from the vocabulary of philology as of no scientific value. W. H. J. Granville, Ohio, July 2, 1897. Peace Congress, August 18, 1893. Advocate of Peace, Boston, December, 1893, 8vo, pp. 12. 112. “The White City by the Inland Sea," by Hezekiah Butterworth ; an ode read at the opening of the World's Peace Congress held August 14, 1893; also “The White Bordered Flag," a poem by the same author, read at the Representa- tive Youth's Congress, July 17, 1893. American Publication Society, 3 Somerset Street, Boston, Mass., 8vo, pp. 16. 113. The World's Congress on Jurisprudence and Law Re- form, Chicago, 1893: Publication of papers read before this Congress commenced in the American Law Register for April, 1896, Philadelphia ; published monthly by members of the Department of Law of the University of Pennsylvania. LITERATURE. 114. The World's Library Congress of 1893. The papers read at this Congress are printed in Part II. of Vol. I. of the Report of the Commissioner of Education for 1892–1893; 8vo, pp. 324. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE WORLD'S CONGRESSES OF 1893. (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) In The Dial of January 1, 1896, was published a Bibliography of publications growing out of the pro- ceedings of the World's Congresses of the Columbian Exposition of 1893. The list numbered 102 titles; and to it I now beg to add 23 supplementary titles, the pub- lication of which in your journal will no doubt be of interest to many among the thousands of persons who participated in the Congresses, and will also show the continued and world-wide interest in the results of those memorable world-gatherings. For convenience of refer- ence, the titles are numbered consecutively from the previous list. CHARLES C. BONNEY. President of the World's Congresses. Chicago, July 1, 1897. SUPPLEMENTARY BIBLIOGRAPHY. (Department of Agriculture.) 103. The World's Congress on Ornithology. [Bird Culture.] Papers presented to the World's Congress on Ornithology ; edited by Mrs. E. Irene Rood, under the direction of Dr. Elliott Coues. Chicago, C. H. Sergel & Co., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 208. EDUCATION. 104. Report of the Commissioner of Education for the year 1892-93, Vol. I., Parts I. and II.; Government Printing Office, 1895, 8vo, pp. 1224. Part II., containing 804 pages, is devoted to “Education at the World's Columbian Exposition," and includes a part of the proceedings of the second series of Educational Congresses. 105. Report of the Commissioner of Education for 1893–94. Chapter XIX. contains the General Programme of the World's Congresses of 1893, and the programme for the first series of the International Educational Congress of that year; also a Summary of the World's Congress Work; and a Bibliography of World's Congress Publications ; 8vo, pp. 26. 106. The Philosophy of the Tool; by Dr. Paul Carus. A lecture delivered on Tuesday, July 18, 1893, before the Depart- ment of Manual and Art Education of the World's Congress Auxiliary. Chicago, The Open Court Publishing Co., 1893, 12mo, pp. 25. GENERAL DEPARTMENT. 107. The Story of the Congress on Africa, by Frederic Perry Noble, Secretary of the Congress ; Our Day, October, 18, 1893. Boston, Mass., 8vo, pp. 39. GENERAL PUBLICATIONS. 108. Appleton's Cyclopedia, 1893; World's Congress Aux- iliary, 768–772, a brief account of the Congresses held in each department, with a separate article on the Parliament of Religions, 607-8; 8vo, pp. 10. 109. Kirkland's Story of Chicago; The World's Congresses of 1893. Dibble Publishing Company, Vol. II., pp. 65–84. 110. The World's Congresses of 1893 ; Review of Reviews, New York, April and October, 1892; April and July, 1893, and March, 1894. GOVERNMENT. 111. Nationalism and Internationalism, by George Dana Boardman, D.D., LL.D.; a paper read before the Chicago 115. The World's Congress on Philology and Literary Arch- æology : Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893. Papers on Literary Arcbæology printed in “Progress,” the magazine of the University Association, commencing in Vol. I., No. 5, and continued in Nos. 7, 8, 9, 10. The University Association, Association Bldg., Chicago, 1896. RELIGION. 116. The Dawn of a New Religious Era, by Paul Carus, Ph.D.; The Forum, November 18, 1893; The Monist, April 18, 1894 ; 8vo, pp. 20.— The same number of the Monist also con- tains an article on “The Parliament of Religions," by Gen. M. M. Trumbull, pp. 22. 117. Proposal of Two Parliaments of Religion in 1900, by Bishop John P. Newman, of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The Independent, New York, January 18, 1894. - The same paper contains Words of Congratulation to the Parliament of Religions by Purushottam Balkushua Joshi, of Bombay ; 8vo, pp. 6. 118. The Parliament of Religions, by Rev. F. A. Noble D.D. The Advance, Chicago, January 17, 1895, 8vo, pp. 3. 119. The Friendship of the Faiths, by Louis James Block, inscribed to the International Congress of Religions. Chicago, Charles H. Kerr & Co., 1893, 12mo, pp. 16. 120. Missions, as seen at the Parliament of Religions by H. R. Bender, D.D. Methodist Review, November December, 1895, New York and Cincinnati, 8vo, pp. 6. 121. An Essay on Religion for the Parliament of Religious Thoughts Regarding a Classification of Information contained in the Religious Books of the World, by Ishar Parshad. Mitra Press, Lahore, India, 1893, 8vo, pp. 20. 122. The Parliament of Religions, a Retrospective Survey, by George Dana Boardman, D.D., LL.D. Philadelphia Na- tional Baptist print, 1893, 8vo, pp. 20. 123. The White City and the Parliament of Religions; two sermons by Rev. M. J. Savage. Boston, George H. Ellis, 1893, 8vo, pp. 32. 124. Science a Religious Revelation; by Dr. Paul Carus. An address delivered on September 19, 1893, before the World's Congress of Religions. Chicago, The Open Court Publishing Co., 1893, 12mo, pp. 21. SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY. 125. Our Need of Philosophy; an Appeal to the American People ; by Dr. Paul Carus. An address delivered on Au- gust 24, 1893, before the World's Congress on Philosophy, at Chicago, Illinois. Chicago, The Open Court Publishing Co., 1893, 12mo, pp. 14. 126. In former publication. The International Meteoro- logical Congress, Parts I. and II. previously noted, as No. 85: Part III. subsequently issued completing the publication ; 8vo, 189 additional pages - total pp. 772. 127. Mathematical papers read at the International Mathe- matical Congress held in connection with the World's Colum- bian Exposition, Chicago, 1893; edited by the Committee of the Congress, E. Hastings Moore, Oskar Bolza, Heinrich Maschke, Henry S. White ; New York, The Macmillan Co., for the American Mathematical Society, 1896, 8vo, pp. 411.. (Previously noted as in press, No. 100.) 40 [July 16, THE DIAL - The New Books. that the editor has brought to the elucidation of these Journals will not surprise those persons who are familiar with the « Lewis and Clark " MORE LIGHT ON EARLY NORTHWESTERN and the “ Pike.” It suffices to say that the HISTORY.* same patience, the same unwearied research, the In the Henry and Thompson Journals, Dr. same conscientious thoroughness, that marked Coues has found another rich store of materials the earlier works mark the present one as well. such as he loves to handle. It is material, too, Dr. Coues states in his preface that when he that he is admirably qualified to handle. No No had completed his researches he found himself reader who has looked intelligently into the “ in the possession of some 4,500 memorandum Doctor's splendid editions of what he calls on cards, alphabetically arranged by subjects, and his present title-page “Lewis and Clark” and collectively constituting a sort of private cyclo- “Pike” can doubt his perfect competency to pædia of information concerning the Northwest edit any mass of material relating to early Company, the X. Y. Company, the fur-trade of Northwestern affairs that, for its elucidation, those days, the bourgeoise, their voyageurs and demands an extensive knowledge of geography, other engagés, their Indian customers, their ethnography, natural history, and of earlier or trading posts, their canoe routes — and what contemporary exploration and adventure in the not, in the way of biography, geography, eth- same region. Lewis and Clark ascended the nography, and natural history.” This vast Missouri River to its headwaters, crossed the amount of material is arranged in foot-notes to continental Divide, and then descended by the the text, and fills, if we may venture a hasty Columbia to the Pacific Ocean, in the years estimate, about a third of the total amount of 1804-05. Pike, in 1805-06, ascended far to- space. The editor is so conscientious that he wards the sources of the Mississippi, and in holds himself responsible for the antecedents 1806–07 penetrated the region southwest of and consequents of every person who is even the Missouri, until he found himself in Spanish named in the narrative. It is only rarely that territory and fell into the hands of the officers we come upon a confession of inability to give of Spain, who carried him away a prisoner into some account of even the most obscure person. Mexico, but soon set him at liberty and per. Indeed, some, if not much, of the information mitted him to return to the United States. that is presented in these notes can never be The Henry and Thompson explorations and of the slightest value to any body, save to those adventures were in the regions of the Red specialists who may have occasion to go over River of the North, the Saskatchawan, the the ground with a microscope. But these spe- Missouri, and the Columbia. The experiences cialists, we must remember, are the men for of all these explorers and adventurers, with whom Dr. Coues is writing. The work can many points of divergence, agree in their grand never greatly interest the mere general reader. features : they all extend deeply into new This is not because it does not contain much regions, and lay open to the world new ter interesting matter, but because it is too minute, ritories previously known only to aboriginal too much loaded down with unimportant things, man. It will be seen, also, that the “ Henry and is wholly wanting in attractiveness of style. and Thompson ” to a degree overlaps the to a degree overlaps the Still, for what it purports to be, and what it is, “ Lewis and Clark” territorially. The four the work has great value. It is a modest state- men whose names figure in these titles were ment to say, as the editor does on his title-page, on the Missouri near the same time, and that it sheds new light on the early history of also on the Columbia. To a great degree the Greater Northwest. Dr. Coues's studies of Lewis and Clark fitted Hitherto it has been easy to follow the steps him directly for his present work on Henry and of the explorers, traders, missionaries, and sol- . Thompson. diers, who first penetrated the country lying The amount of exact and detailed information between the Lower Lakes and the Ohio River * New Light ON THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE GREATER and the head of Lake Superior and the Mis- NORTHWEST. The Manuscript Journals of Alexander Henry, sissippi, and let in the light of day; nor has it Fur Trader of the Northwest Company, and David Thompson, been difficult to follow the main lines of dis- Official Geographer and Explorer of the same Company, 1792–1814. Exploration and Adventure among the Indians covery and adventure that led from the Upper on the Red, Saskatchawan, Missouri, and Columbia Rivers. Lakes and the Mississippi to the Missouri, the Edited, with copious critical commentary, by Elliott Coues, editor of “Lewis and Clark," of "Pike," etc., etc. In three Rocky Mountains, and beyond the mountains volumes. New York: Francis P. Harper. to the Western ocean. But it has been diffi- 1897.] 41 THE DIAL cult to get other than general ideas of the con- to his work an introduction giving a rapid gen- temporaneous explorations, travels, and adven- eral account of the progress of discovery in the tures by which the vast region beyond Lake Greater Northwest from the very first down to Superior, west and northwest, was laid open to 1799, or at least have given a view of the exist- the knowledge of men. Even now, it is not ing state of affairs at the time when Henry easy for well-read men, at least south of the comes upon the scene. It is true that much of international boundary line, to grasp the fact this information will be found in the notes, but that discovery at the North kept even pace in a scattered form. Such an account or view with discovery at the South, and in some cases would have been of much assistance to nearly led the advance. Civilized men crossed the every reader who will turn these pages. continent from Canada before they crossed it Part III., “ The Columbia," brings us upon from the United States. In 1789 Mackenzie, the headwaters of some interesting American starting from Lake Athabasca, followed the history. David Thompson, we are told, was great river that bears his name to the frozen not only the discoverer of the Saskatchawan ocean; and four years later, having crossed the and Athabascan passes over the Continental Divide beyond the sources of Peace River, wrote Divide, and of the sources of the Columbia in vermillion on a cliff overlooking the Pacific : River and all the country of its headwaters and “ “ Alexander Mackenzie - from Canada by upper tributaries, but he was the first white land — the twenty-second day of July - one - – man who ever descended the great river to the thousand seven hundred and ninety-three.” confluence of Lewis's Fork or Snake River. But it was not until twelve years later that On arriving at this point, Thompson took Lewis and Clark, having disentangled them- formal possession of the whole region in the selves from the mazes of the Rocky Mountains, name of the British Crown. Dr. Coues quotes made their way by the Columbia to the ocean; the following memorandum from Thompson's and it was not until thirty-nine years later, Journal: 1832, that Schoolcraft discovered Lake Itasca. July 9, Tuesday, [1811). } a mile to the Junc- These remarks prepare the way for a proper tion of the Shawpatin (Snake] River with this the appreciation of the Henry and Thompson Jour- Columbia, here I erected a small Pole, with a half nals. These writings will assist materially in pro- Sheet of Paper well tied about it, with these words on it — Know hereby that this country is claimed by Great moting a fuller knowledge of the history of the Britain as part of its territories, and that the N. W. Greater Northwest. Company of Merchants from Canada, finding the fac- The Editor's Preface, while comparatively tory for this people inconvenient for them, do hereby brief, tells us plainly who Henry and Thomp- intend to erect a Factory in this Place for the Com- merce of the Country around. D. Thompson.” son were, gives a history of their journals, Another interesting fact is that Henry arrived with their present location, and explains the at Astoria about a month before it was trans- methods that the editor has employed in preferred, along with John Jacob Astor's other paring the material for the press. Henry was one of the proprietors of the Northwest Com. property, to British hands. This is Henry's formal account of the transaction : pany, and a trader. He is sometimes known as Alexander Henry the Younger, and was “ Dec. 13th. [1813]. The Dolly had anchored oppo- the nephew of the der of the same name site the fort; before daybreak we got the powder on shore, and at 8 a. m. saluted the captain with seven who is associated with the famous massacre at guns. Mr. Verdier, midshipman, four marines, and Mackinaw. Thompson, the editor explains, three seamen from the Raccoon, came ashore, having “ was a celebrated astronomer, geographer, ex- hauled the Dolly near the wharf. At 3 p. m. we fired plorer, and discoverer — in a word, the scien- three guns as a signal to the Racoon, and then hoisted the Union Jack given us by the Captain. We collected tist, first of the Hudson Bay Company, then, all our men, armed with muskets; the marines were during the whole period covered by Henry, of drawn up in uniform under arms, and the sailors with the Northwest Company, and later still of the Quartermaster Hill attended to the guns. The captain, International Boundary Commission, which ran in full uniform, broke a bottle of Madeira on the flag- the line between the British Possessions and staff, and took possession of this country and place in the name of His Britanic Majesty, calling this post Fort the United States." Henry alone furnishes the George. Three cheers were given by us all, and three text; Thompson goes into the foot-notes along rounds of musketry were then fired by our men and the with the editor himself. marines. One of the latter had a narrow escape from Mention of the preface suggests the serious shooting himself in the face, his gun having flashed and criticism that we have to make on Dr. Coues's then gone off on being grounded. Eleven guns were fired from our four-pounder. We drank His Majesty's editing. This is that he should not have prefixed l health, and a speech to Comcomly's son (was made by > 42 [July 16, THE DIAL Mr. Franchere]. The ceremony ended by taking a few 1812,” and is attributed to Thompson. Some extra glasses of wine." * section maps introduced into the body of the Henry was not a traveller or an explorer work would have been of much value to the properly so-called, but a business man intent reader. The carefully prepared Index fills a on gain. He had a keen eye for the savage hundred double-column pages. The “ Henry humanity that he saw around him, and does and Thompson” is brought out by Mr. Harper not mince his words when describing the miser- in the same admirable style as the “Lewis and able beings that they were. Their drunken- Clark” and “ Pike.” B. A. HINSDALE. ness, filth, thievery, murders, licentiousness, and superstitions are told in the most realistic fashion. Still, justice is done to such good qualities as the Indians had. Such a passage THE SECRET OF THE EAST.* as the following, showing to what an acuteness There is now on many a bookshelf a certain the human senses may be cultivated, should lot of tattered, may be, and well-thum bed books delight the souls of some of our sense-realistic of various appearance which is gradually being educators. replaced by the more respectable and appro- “We had not gone far from the house before we fell priate set, mulberry-covered and already begin- upon the fresh tracks of some red deer, and soon after ning to be well-known. They did good work, discovered the herd in a thicket of willows and poplars; we both fired, and the deer disappeared in different the old ones, some of them paper-covered, directions. We pursued them, but to no purpose, as “ Plain Tales from the Hills ” in a roughly- the country was unfavorable. We then returned to the printed “Library,” and “The Light that spot where we had fired, as the Indian suspected that Failed " No. 1 in the Heinemann and Bales- we had wounded some of them. We searched to see tier collection; some of them in American if we could find any blood; on my part I could find tracks, but no blood. The Indian soon called out, and editions, the two Jungle Books or “ The Seven I went to him, but could see no blood, nor any sign that Seas"; perhaps some stray Indian Railway edi. an animal had been wounded. However, he pointed out tion, “Under the Deodars” or “ Wee Willie the track of a large buck among the many others, and Winkie," or Thacker, Spink & Co.'s “ Depart- told me that from the manner in which this buck had started off, he was certain the animal had been wounded. mental Ditties "; - a motley lot, not much to As the ground was beaten in every direction by animals, look at, doubtless, but still a noteworthy set of it was only after a tedious search that he found where books. the buck bad struck off. But no blood was seen until, It seems a little ungrateful to replace them, passing through a thicket of willows, he observed a drop but the new ones are certainly very pleasing. upon a leaf, and next a little more. He then began to examine more strictly, to find out in what part of the Paper and print, of course, of the best ; other body the animal had been wounded; and judging by things interesting, too, the binding of the color the height and other signs, he told me that the wound of an old Bokhara rug, the little white medal- must have been somewhere between the shoulder and lions on the side with the elephant's head and neck. We advanced about a mile, but saw nothing of the lotus flowers, the curious pottery-pictures of the deer, and no more blood. I was for giving up the chase; but he assured me the wound was mortal, and Mr. Lockwood Kipling, and here and there the that if the animal should lie down he could not rise added preface of the author. again. We proceeded two miles further, when, coming The first reading of the old books and the out upon a small open space, he told me the animal was re-reading of the new ones are two different at no great distance, and very probably in this meadow. We accordingly advanced a few yards, and there we things. At first there was a sort of enchanting could see the deer lying at the last gasp. The wound novelty ; each story as it came was something was exactly as I had been told. The sagacity of the new, and one read it without bother of criticism Saulteurs in tracing strong wood animals is astonishing. or definition. Rudyard Kipling is now a per- I have frequently witnessed occurrences of this nature; fectly well-known element in literature, but the bend of a leaf or blade of grass is enough to show the hunter the direction the game has taken. Their even now not easily criticised or defined for all ability is of equally great service to war-parties, when that. they discover the footsteps of their enemies." Nor are the “ Plain Tales from the Hills" an Two good maps are found in the pocket. obvious help in the definition. What might The principal one is entitled “ Map of the be their impression could we read them now, Northwest Territory of the Province of Canada *THE WRITINGS IN PROSE AND VERSE OF RUDYARD from Actual Surveys during the years 1792– KIPLING. Volume I., Plain Tales from the Hills; Volumes II. and III., Soldiers Three, and Military Tales ; Volume IV., *The "Dolly" was a small craft that Mr. Astor's people In Black and White ; Volume V., The Phantom Rickshaw; had just built for their trade; the “Raccoon," a British Volume VI., Under the Deodars, The Story of the Gadsbye, armed vessel that had come into the river a few days before. Wee Willie Winkie. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1897.] 43 THE DIAL Kidnapped," " a 66 knowing nothing of the others, is hard to say ; strength by any means, the book does much to as it is, reading them with the others in mind, give an insight into some of his later work. , we take their most obvious quality to be smart Whatever was mere smart knowingness passed ness—a careless, carefully-concealed knowing- away, or, more accurately, developed into a ness, that is well acquainted with the great surer and truer feeling, the feeling that the real things of the world as well as the little, and forces in life are not spread open to view, that which can therefore tell each story" as it hap- the real thing is hidden from us, that the super- , pened” with a clear appreciation of the signifi- ficial is for fools ; that these hidden forces, the } cance of it all, whatever it be, and often with a passions beneath the surface, which influence sort of pity for those less well informed. Some- all men or many men, not one or two, are the times, in “ Lispeth ” or “Tod's Amendment,” matters of real fascination, the great but secret it is a story of that native life of which the currents, which crop up here and there but are English in India are so complacently ignorant; far more apt to work unseen ; that few men sometimes, in “ Thrown Away,' “ Bitters (and fewer women) know them, but that those Neat,”_" Consequences,” “ Kidnapped,” “A who do are the worthy ones, soldiers, tramps, old “ Bank Fraud,” it is one of those strange things beggars, outlaws, officers, or no matter what. of life in general which people pass over with If men can see beneath the surface they are a stare, perhaps, because only an inner ring men, and brothers. , know the facts at bottom; now and then,“ His Such a feeling, at least, seems to be at the Chance in Life,”“The Other Man,” “In Error," bottom of things, as we read the later volumes. “On the Strength of a Likeness," it is one of Whence, otherwise, the greatness of Mulvaney, those unexplained ironies where no one really with the unfaltering melancholy under his deep knows why it should not have been otherwise; brows, a modern Odysseus without the youthful once or twice, " By Word of Mouth,” “ The buoyancy of the Greek ? Could Ortheris or Bisara of Pooree,” it is a frankly mysterious Learoyd have been friends of R. K. had it matter that one might as well acknowledge not been for Mulvaney? Yet being friends of without attempt at explanation. And all this Mulvaney they partook at times of his high- strange secrecy with which Nature veils its souled woes. They feel, although intuitively, matters of true import is imitated in various subconsciously, not with the direct assurance of absurd satiric grotesques, in which the con- Mulvaney, that the world moves on in its own cealed irony is nothing more than the exploita- strange ways, not those mentioned in books. tion of a germ-destroyer or the consummating And those who see them clearly will smile, may of an engagement, while the secretive and be, at first, but after the first will rarely smile avenging Nature appears in the guise of Lieu-again, for on the whole, between four and twenty tenant Hogan-Yale or the unscrupulous owner soldiers swimming the Irrawaddy to get into of Lady Regula Baddun. Lungtungpen, and one man shooting another All these matters are detailed with a simple for interference in family affairs, there is only directness, a complacent sententiousness, and a difference of circumstance; the fact in each an affectation of epigram which is wholly in case is that the true springs of action are as keeping. Generally a snatch of simple-hearted usual unknown or ignored, and that people play cynicism; generally a shrug of the shoulders at merrily in cooled lava which they think is 'rock. the end ; never any exhibition of sympathy So it is with other things. Native India has with human passion, or interest in any indi- its charm, aside from color and romance, be- vidual human heart. And yet in this collection cause life has gone on unchangingly for twenty of cross-purposes and tragedies and whimsical centuries, according to its own unwritten laws ities and clever dodges, melting down for the whereof few Europeans know or care. The time the curt superiority, the unperturbed ac- jungle fascinates one, too, because its inhabi- quaintance with the world, the impassive inter- tants, more clever than humankind, know the est in the event, are some half a dozen stories laws of the life whereof they are a part. So of native life, “ The Gate of the Hundred Sor- children, understanding nothing perhaps, take rows," “In the House of Suddhoo," " Beyond matters far more simply with an adequate recog- the Pale,” “ Muhammad Din," which show that nition of the springs of their simple action. there is real power in all this, although not Decent conventional society is futile enough, but always power that understands itself. those who fall from it like “ Love o' Women Still, although “ Plain Tales from the Hills' and McIntosh Jellaludin are more patent ex- are not an exhibition of Mr. Kipling's full l amples than anyone else. Such is the charm 44 [July 16, THE DIAL are aware + of any life, where there is such an esprit du We think it a standpoint which enables the corps that important things may be taken for story-teller to find stories and to compel the granted, whether it be the mess of a cavalry hearer to listen to them. We think it one of regiment, the guild of mendicants, or the scat the secrets of Mr. Kipling's hold on the reader. tered confraternity of those who go down to But we must be content with the suggestion, the sea in ships. Those who know — and who for there is no space here to develope it. else is worth bothering about ? - And even such as it is, it does not account of the hidden powers of life and are thereby for Mr. Kipling's power of emotional phrasing, rendered grave. All the same, on the surface as we might call it, nor for his power as a poet, :- for men who know how to take it — life is which is much the same thing thrown in a dif- a hustling, breezy, invigorating affair. Take it ferent direction, nor for a certain discernment all in the day's work, be your task to personate of general trends of emotion in this world. But an Indian God or make friends with an ele- these matters appear in the volumes now in phant, take it easily as it comes, and you will hand, only here and there, and in a rather un- feel the blood in your body; and a man of developed form, so they need not be commented sense won't ask for much more. And if he upon at present. EDWARD E. HALE, JR. keep a stiff upper-lip, never show the white feather, and be always fair and square, no one need ask any more of him. Realising this, and discarding or disowning THE RUINED CITIES AND MONUMENTS the futilities and ineptitudes of conventional OF YUCATAN.* goings and comings, one may observe the The Field Columbian Museum wisely en- strange things “ of Life and Death and men courages study and publication. The paper on and women and Love and Fate," and take the Monuments of Yucatan, now before us, is them at their worth. Hence the threescore tales the eighth in its series of printed documents, of “ Soldiers Three,” “ Military Tales," “ In Black and White," "The Phantom Rickshaw." although the first in the line of Anthropology. In the winter of 1894-5, Mr. Allison V. The feeling never takes direct form but it is Armour invited certain scientific gentlemen to never absent, in the rattling soldier-scrapes of make a trip with him, in his yacht “ Ituna," to Mulvaney, Ortheris, and Learoyd, in the charm Yucatan and Mexico. The three months were and color of the native episodes, in the later busily employed by all, and in this book Mr. wonders and wanderings here and there nar- rated by soldier, sailor, or traveller. Holmes presents some of the archæological re- sults of the trip. There is always a story or an event or a Notwithstanding all that has been written something done, save in half a dozen like “The about Yucatan's archæology, the greater part Amir's Homily,” “The Children of the Zodiac," of the work still remains undone. No single “One View of the Question,” “The Enlighten locality has yet been completely investigated. ments of Paget, M.P.,” there is always the Some have never been examined since John L. interest in life in action. And in these later volumes most of the futile charms of the “ Plain Stephens wrote, as carefully as they were by him. Chichen-Itza, thanks to Mr. Thompson, Tales” are dropped ; the mannerisms of“ other has been much studied and will no doubt finally stories ” and shrugging ending are mostly gone, while the naïve cynicism and the grandstand be adequately described. Thorough investiga- fireworks have merged into the general point of tion in Yucatan is no child's-play. Conditions view and a confidence in the general power of of climate, life, surroundings, render it difficult in the extreme. Each visitor to Yucatec ruins the idea. So we have the grateful directness ought to make an exact and accurate statement and avoidance of immaterial delicacies of dic- of his observations ; thus little by little a mass tion. Told “through the voice of one, two, or of reliable data will be accumulated. more people,” there are thousands of details, Mr. Armour's party visited Mugeres, Can- but they all have something to do with the cun, and Cozumel Islands, and the mainland matter, and we get the story and are satisfied sites -- El Meco and Tuloom in Eastern Yuca- with it as a story. Then when we think about tan; they visited Progreso, Uxmal, Izamal, and it afterward, it seems as though there were something more to it. * ARCHÆOLOGICAL STUDIES AMONG THE ANCIENT CITIES OF MEXICO. Part I., Monuments of Yucatan. By William H. As to the real value of all this, it is some- Holmes. With plates and cuts. Chicago: Field Columbian thing which would require a fresh discussion. Museum. 1897.] 45 THE DIAL а Chichen Itza, in Middle North Yucatan. The indeed, gives the idea that certain buildings time spent at these localities was far too short occupy certain positions with reference to each for systematic observation. Mr. Holmes pre- other. Study of the panorama gives the feeling sents us several new ground-plans and some that this was once really a place where men new descriptions. His book also contains many lived, and thought of the buildings as in use plates from photographic originals. This is all and hints of their purpose force themselves upon good. There are, however, two features in his us. In these two features - - in the clear study work which deserve special mention and render of architectural details and in the panoramic it one of the most important contributions in views — Mr. Holmes's book is preëminently this field. helpful. FREDERICK STARR. (a) From a reading of the literature and from his field work, Mr. Holmes has prepared a valuable comprehensive study of the archi- tectural details of Maya buildings; this material STUDIES IN MEDIÆVAL LITERATURE.* classified suggests the line of architectural evo- lution. The figures in illustration of this study There are two ways of dealing with the his- are of much importance. In figure 1, a series tory of general literature. One of them is the of outline drawings, showing examples of ter- long-practised method of treating a literature races and pyramids, illustrates the range and as a national product, and studying its devel. variation of these structures; the cut teaches opment with but slight reference to the parallel more than a hundred descriptions and views development of its contemporaries, ignoring would do. Once seen by the student, it renders the fact that all the literatures of modern such descriptions and views thereafter compre- Europe are to a considerable extent spiritually hensible. The cut showing a series of ground cognate. The other is the comparative method, plans of Maya temples is equally helpful; the which has gained much ground of late, and plans are arrayed in order of complexity, be- which rests upon the fundamental assumption ginning with the single room, with one simple that the literature of one country may best be doorway. Study of this cut alone will do more understood when we take into account the con- to orientate the student than anything before temporary literature of the others, and that written. There is danger, however, that some the conception of a literary species held by one readers will imagine that the series represents race may be brought most clearly into view an evolution, which must always pursue the when we study the development of that species same line and ever pass through the same stages under other conditions of race and historical - which is not, of course, true. environment. It is in this comparative spirit (6) Notable are the panoramas. Few who that the series of volumes entitled “ Periods of have not been among the ruined cities of Yuca European Literature ” has recently been under- tan and Central America can conceive the dif. taken and entrusted to the general editorial ficulties that their study presents. Most of direction of Professor George Saintsbury, who them are in forest or thicket. Often one may himself provides the volume which covers the travel within a few rods of important structures literary product of the twelfth and thirteenth without knowing of their existence. To secure centuries. For the series as a whole twelve a photograph of a single building it is necessary volumes have been planned, and assigned to to employ a considerable force of men to clear men of excellent authority in their respective away the vegetable growth that hides it. Fre fields. Professor W. P. Ker, for example, will quently one building cannot be seen from a write of “The Dark Ages," Mr. Edmund neighboring building, and it is difficult for the Gosse of “The Romantic Revolt” of the close student to keep clear ideas of orientation. Of of the eighteenth century, and Mr. Walter H. course, carefully made ground-plans give the Pollock of “The Romantic Triumph ” of the relation in position of the different structures, early nineteenth century. Such a programme but to most persons ground-plans mean little. as this arouses high anticipations, and the vol- Mr. Holmes presents ground-plans of Uxmal ume first to appear (which is the second in the and Chichen-Itza ; but he does more. Opposite chronological order) invites a careful scrutiny. them he places panoramic views of the two THE FLOURISHING OF ROMANCE AND THE RISE OF places, as gained from an imaginary standpoint ALLEGORY. By George Saintsbury, M.A. New York: above. The gain in definiteness of conception Charles Scribner's Sons. EPIC AND ROMANCE. Essays on Mediæval Literature. By is astonishing. Study of the ground-plan, I w. P. Ker. New York: The Macmillan Co. a Wh 46 [July 16, THE DIAL 9 Mr. Saintsbury gives to the book which deals of order out of the curious tangle of fact and with his particular cross-section of the literary surmise that surrounds the Arthurian tale, and tree the title of “ The Flourishing of Romance makes a strong argument for the claim of and the Rise of Allegory.” In an editorial | Walter Map to be considered as chiefly respon- preface, he tells us at considerable length how sible for the moulding of the Legend into the particularly well he is qualified for his task. form which gave it a literary vitality so great Lest his readers should still be in doubt, he and so enduring. Having discussed these sub- afterwards recurs to this subject upon a number jects, and the matter of Rome” (which deals of occasions, telling us how much he has read, chiefly with the tales of Troy and of Alexander), and how diligently he has devoted himself to Mr. Saintsbury proceeds to the making of the the literature in question. This writing is English language and the settlement of its mostly superfluous, for the test of a work is prosody. Here we come to the beginnings of . the way in which it is done, not the volubility English lyric, and the refrain, with which the writer professes his competence, “ Blow, northerne wynd, Send thou me my suetyng, and, for the rest, the public knows tolerably Blow, northerne wynd, blou, blou, blou,” well what are Mr. Saints bury's achievements, what his limitations, and what his idiosyn. five hundred years before Tennyson.” is not inaptly described as “ Tennysonian verse crasies. It knows, for example, that he is an enormous reader and has a retentive memory; A chapter entitled “ Middle High German it knows also that his strength is in the depart| Poetry,” which is too brief to consist of much more than a series of phrases, is followed by a ments of English, French, and German litera- ture, while it expects from him only second long disquisition upon “ The • Fox,'the • Rose, and the Minor Contributions of France.” The hand information concerning most of the other departments that come within the scope of his following passage upon the literary predom- survey. It knows, moreover, that he frequently is strikingly put, but hardly overdrawn: inance of twelfth and thirteenth-century France indulges in obiter dicta that are more plausible is strikingly put, but hardly overdrawn: than convincing, and that he is capable of “ France, if not Paris, was in reality the eye and brain of Europe, the place of origin of almost every writing in a most exasperating style. literary form, the place of finishing and polishing, even After an introductory chapter upon “ The for those forms which she did not originate. She not Function of Latin as a vehicle for the mes- merely taught, she wrought — and wrought consum- sage of mediæval thought, the author plunges fected, if she did not invent, the beast-epic; brought the mately. She revived and transformed the fable; per- into his subject proper, taking Bodel's familiar short prose tale to an exquisite completeness; enlarged, couplet for a text. suppled, chequered, the somewhat stiff and monotonous “Ne sont que trois matières à nul home attendant, forms of Provençal lyric into myriad-noted variety; De France et de Bretaigne et de Rome la grant." devised the prose-memoir, and left capital examples of Each of these three s matters ” forms the sub it; made attempts at the prose history; ventured upon much and performed no little in the vernacular drama; ject of a separate chapter. Of the chansons besides the vast performance, sometimes inspired from de geste he writes at length and with an exag- elsewhere but never as literature copied, which we gerated enthusiasm which calls for a few pages have already seen, in her fostering if not mothering of of M. Brunetière as a corrective. He charac- Romance.” terizes the chansons as “ the half-million or In still another passage, we are told more suc- million verses of majestic cadence written in cinctly: one of the noblest languages, for at least first It is the simplest truth to say that in the twelfth effect, to be found in the history of the world, and thirteenth centuries France kept the literary school of Europe, and that with the single exception of Iceland, possessing that character of distinction, of during a part, and only a part, of the time, all the separate and unique peculiarity in matter and nations of Europe were content to do, each in its own form, which has such extraordinary charm, and tongue, and sometimes even in hers, the lessons which endowed besides, more perbaps than any other she taught, the exercises which she set them.” division, with the attraction of presenting an The chapter which closes up the French section utterly vanished Past.” In a later passage he of the history is brought to an end by a few writes of the fabliaux in almost equally impas- paragraphs upon Rutebæuf, the chronicles of sioned strain, and again we must refer to Villehardouin and Joinville, and the lovely tale M. Brunetière for a saner sort of appreciation. of “ Aucassin et Nicolète.” In discussing “The Matter of Britain," the The remainder of Mr. Saintsbury's work is author shows reasonable familiarity with the devoted to chapters upon “ Icelandic and Pro- latest efforts of scholarship to bring some sort | vençal” (thus curiously bracketed together) 66 1897.] 47 THE DIAL and “ The Literature of the Peninsulas.” Here comparison of the respective treatments is the author's knowledge is most evidently de instructive. Mr. Saints bury is at his best on fective, and he gives us little more than a the ground of French epic, and at his worst in meagre compilation ; but he is hardly to be the domain of Icelandic saga. Professor Ker, blamed for not having made all the provinces on the other hand, is distinctly at his best in of mediæval literature his own, and, when all dealing with the latter subject, and the inade- is said, there are probably few men living who quacy of Mr. Saintsbury's treatment becomes could have covered the two centuries as satis- very apparent when we compare it with this factorily as he has done. And his style, in work of a real scholar in Icelandic. We know spite of its mannerisms, is always sprightly of no better treatment of the subject in English and attractive, lending interest to the dullest than may be found in these chapters, and for subjects, and carrying the reader on without them, even more than for the others, Professor much jolting from theme to theme. We shall Ker has earned our gratitude. No truer thing be pleased indeed if Mr. Saintsbury's collab- than the following was ever said of Icelandic orators contrive to make their several volumes literature : as readable as we have found this one to be. « Clear self-consciousness is the distinction of Ice- landic civilization and literature. It is not vanity or Published almost simultaneously with the conceit. It does not make the Icelandic writers anx- book just now under review, Professor W. P. ious about their own fame or merits. It is simply clear Ker's “ Epic and Romance,” being a collection intelligence, applied under a dry light to subjects that of essays on mediæval literature, calls for con- in themselves are primitive, such as never before or since have been represented in the same way. The life sideration at the same time. As a collection of is their own life; the record is that of a dispassi nate essays, rather than a continuous history, this observer.” book does not have the unity and the symmetry We might say many other things in praise of of Mr. Saintsbury's volume, yet it has far more these essays upon medieval literature. They of these qualities than might be supposed. In display, for one thing, a happy gift of tren- scope, it is somewhat broader, ranging from the earliest productions of Teutonic poetry all chant epigrammatic expression, as in this state- ment: “ Ulysses quoting Aristotle is an anach- the way down to the finished and self-conscious ronism ; but King Alfred's translation of art of Chaucer and Boccaccio. In the arrange- Boethius is almost as much of a paradox.” Or ment of its material, we find a twofold basis of in this : “The comprehensiveness of the greater classification. First, there is the division sug- kinds of poetry, of Homer and Shakespeare, gested by the title, and, throughout his treat- is a different thing from the premeditated and ment, the author keeps steadily in view the dis- self-assertive realism of the authors who take tinction between the epic and the romantic viciously to common life by way of protest forms. This distinction is set forth as follows: against the romantic extreme.” As here ap- “Whatever Epic may mean, it implies some weight plied, “ viciously” is a genuine critical epithet. and solidity; Romance means nothing, if it does not convey some notion of mystery and fantasy. A general We must find space, also, for praise of the distinction of this kind, whatever names may be used to author's fine characterization of a heroic age, render it, can be shown, in mediæval literature, to hold whether exemplified by Homer or by the good of the two large groups of narrative belonging to chronicles of Njal or Kiartan Olafsson. Above the earlier and the later Middle Ages respectively. all, we must praise the scholarly thoroughness Beowulf might stand for the one side, Lancelot or Gawain for the other. It is a difference not confined of the entire work, and the mastery with which to literature. The two groups are distinguished from the author has handled his intricate and diffi one another, as the respectable piratical gentleman of cult subject. the North Sea coast in the ninth or tenth century differs WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. from one of the companions of St. Louis. The latter has something fantastic in his ideas which the other bas not." RECENT modern language texts include the following: The other division of the author's material “Götz von Berlichingin” (Holt), edited by Dr. Frank Goodrich; “ Drei Kleine Lustspiele” (Heath), by Ben- causes it to be grouped (after the preliminaries dix and Zechmeister, edited by Professor B. W. Wells; are disposed of) under the three heads of Teu- Baumbach's “ Die Nonna " (Heath), edited by Dr. tonic Epic, Icelandic Saga, and Old French Wilhelm Bernhardt; Freytag's “Die Journalisten " Epic, and to each of these subjects a main sec- (American Book Co.), edited by Dr. J. Norton Johnson; tion of the work is devoted. The first of them Selections from Pierre Loti” (Holt), edited by Dr. A. Guyot Cameron; and Labiche and Martin's ever mirth- lies without the scope of Mr. Saintsbury's book, inspiring “ La Poudre aux Yeux” (Heath), edited by but the other two run parallel with it, and a Professor B. W. Wells. 48 [July 16, THE DIAL the condition of the working classes, and agricul- FACT AND FICTION IN SOCIAL STUDY.* tural depression, are carefully treated, and the ttMr. H. de B. Gibbins, the author of a popular account has great contemporary interest. “ Industrial History of England," has prepared an enlarged work with the same aim and outline, to If any reader can learn anything new from the which he gives the title “ Industry in England.” work entitled “ The Revolutionary Tendencies of The purpose of the author was to relate a concise the Age,” his knowledge of economics and social story of economic history which might serve as a history must be very limited. The inequalities of preliminary sketch for those who wished to gain human life are described in somewhat florid style the essential elements of the subject or to proceed and with numerous dreamy allegories. Economic to more elaborate treatises. The materials are power is the goal of Democracy. Revolution is divided into five historical periods, from the Nor. inevitable now that the people have come to their man Conquest to Modern England. In each period senses through universal education. If the horse the industrial life is brought into the foreground. were intelligent he would let no man ride him. But Political, military, and ecclesiastical changes are what will be the nature of the revolution ? Not noted only as they affect or are affected by economic absolute Socialism. What then? It is not quite activities. The productive processes, exchange, clear. But we needed no ghost to come from the methods of agriculture and stock-raising, internal abyes to tell us that riches give power and that and foreign traffic, markets, roads, division of labor, poverty is exceedingly inconvenient. Perhaps this regulative institutions, guilds, corporations, and judgment should be tempered by the consideration industrial laws, are among the chief topics discussed. that the author earnestly and forcefully urges the The book is written in the spirit of Green, Rogers, responsibility of the possessors of wealth, and places Cunningham, and Ashley. The common daily life in very clear light the central aspiration of the of the people is brought before us as in a drama, working classes and their certain control of the and is shown to have surpassing interest. As the future. He will not consider methods of violence, author approaches the modern time, the materials but hints at limitation of inheritance and other legal become more abundant and the treatment more measures of redistribution of accumulated fortunes. vivid and partisan. Sympathy for the workers is not concealed. It is the modern note throughout. The aim of the interesting little volume entitled Those who were once ignored by princes, historians, “Genesis of the Social Conscience is, as indicated politicians, poets laureate, and ecclesiastics, are in the sub-title, to show “the relation between the coming into recognition. Democracy not only insists establishment of Christianity in Europe and the upon the rights of the living but upon the rights of Social Question.” The method is the exact opposite the dead. The proletarian is vindicating the per- of that followed by Loria and Marx - from the sonal reputation of the poor. It is marvellous how economic to the spiritual. With a fixed and an- much has been concealed, stowed away as insignifi- nounced purpose, political and economic history "are cant rubbish, barely alluded to in the effort to passed coolly by.” The germination and growth of glorify the great. The emphasis falls now upon a a new valuation of the individual man are traced different place. Such a book as the one under through the ages of Christian history. Christianity . notice has more than antiquarian interest; it reveals set an infinite price upon the soul. The idea of the to us the master-thought of our own age while it one God involves the unity of the race, since all are describes the past. equally made in the divine image. Personality The maps, while few, are very valuable and implies freedom. The sense of sin reduced aristoc- instructive. The footnotes furnish a bibliography racy to a level with the lowest; “all equal are within which directs to the best accessible sources and the Church's gate.” The notions of humanity, the gives suggestive criticism of their contents and Kingdom of God, duty, help to furnish “the Re- value. It would be a good book to put in the hands former's Conscience." Out of these beliefs are of a University Extension class during the progress born the French Revolution, Democracy, universal of a course of lectures on the labor movement. It suffrage, care for the “ downmost man. is more special than Green's “Short History,” and The book is more than a tacit protest against the brings up the discussion of such subjects as the materialistic explanation of history. It takes life at manor, village, mark, and fuedal organization to our a higher level than the phrase “ Man is what he own day. The factory system, factory legislation, eats.” It assumes that man cannot live by bread * INDUSTRY IN ENGLAND. By H. de B. Gibbins. New alone, and indicates the social power of forces which York: Charles Scribner's Sons. seem small and dim only because attention is not THE REVOLUTIONARY TENDENCIES OF THE AGE. New bestowed upon them. The pages glitter with bright York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. sayings, and there are many attractive passages. GENESIS OF THE SOCIAL CONSCIENCE. By H. S. Nash. t The reader may find some difficulty in keeping the New York: The Macmillan Co. thread of the argument, because the author leaps ut EQUALITY. By Edward Bellamy. New York: D. Appleton & Co. back and forth, from Aquinas to Aristotle, from WOMAN AND THE REPUBLIC. By Helen Kendrick Johnson. Augustine to Rousseau, with alarming agility. He Х New York: D. Appleton & Co. himself says: “The vast bulk of events is untouched. : 1897.] 49 THE DIAL ! I shall seem to make ideas advance to the sound of erty and happiness are impossible without a secure the trumpet, like the things that happen in one of income. Damas' novels.” The absence of events gives at The imaginative writer of "Equality" distributes times a rather unearthly impression; but the mod- promises of a salary of $4000 a year to all citizens ern instances quickly remind one that a thoroughly with a lavish hand. Why that particular sum was practical man is teaching him. Incidentally, we fixed, and out of what annual national income it is wonder what the author means by saying (p. 225), to be paid, are questions which are easily waved “Lincoln's Gettysburg address, without the name aside. The poet is under no such vulgar obligations of God in it, is religious to the core.” Which text, as a statistician or an economist. And in judging of the three extant, did he have before him? the book we must steadily remember that we are reading a poet, like the author of Utopia, and not a Mr. Bellamy's new book, “ Equality,” is written serious work on economics. in a style that may seem to many tedious. To one All through the book there seems a protest against acquainted with Socialistic literature, there is noth- the law of competition, as being cruel and unjust, ing in its principles that is new. The book is a as immoral. But the author usually fails to see re-statement of ideas already made familiar by that it is a simple unmoral force, which can be used Marx, Lassalle, Proudhom, Fourier, “Merrie En. for good or evil according to human intelligence, gland," and all the rest. But for all that, we must character, and social organization. He does catch not ignore the message it bears. One-sided it is ; a glimpse of the idea that this blind energy, like often unjust and exaggerated ; concealing the good gravity and lightning, may be harnessed and driven of an age and minifying the difficulties of Socialism; when he writes (p. 38) about “ ranking,” by which but honest, searching, earnest, all must concede it he means “the figure which indicates his previous to be. The sins of our day are unsparingly exposed standing in the schools and during his service as an to view; modern instances illustrate many pages ; unclassified worker, and is supposed to give the the wrongs and cruelties that make the conscience best attainable criterion thus far of his relative in- of all good cities gnaw at the heart are graphically telligence, efficiency, and devotion to duty. When set forth. there are more volunteers for particular occupations The story of the book is soon told: two lovers than there is room for, the lowest in ranking have talk economics, the Socialist always coming off with to be content with a second or third preference.” easy victory because the capitalist advocate had The horns of the beast of competition are tipped already given up his cause. This is kept up through with gold and the tail is decorated with ribbons,— four hundred pages. It will not pay to buy the book but they are there, even in the Communistic Heaven. for its dramatic interest. The address (p. 99) to the Masters of the Bread The gallery of pictures of “Looking Backward” is a very incisive piece of irony. It is an appeal is here somewhat enlarged. Marx never tried to to capitalists for permission to be their slaves for a tell what a socialistic society would be like. Even morsel of bread. Bebel's “ Die Frau "carefully kept out of the proph- “O Lords of the Bread [say the laborers], feel our ecy business. Kantzby's “Erfurt Program " dis- thews and sinews, our arms and our legs; see how strong tinctly asserts that a Socialist ought not to try to Take us and use us. . . Let us freeze and depict the future state of the terrestrial New Jeru- starve in the forecastles of your ships. . . . Do what salem. The weather prophets, dealing in their high you will with us, but let us serve you, that we may eat and not die." towers with relatively simple elements, do not fore- tell the meteoric changes of the next week, and they The professional men, college professors, editors, are in lack if they are right for forty hours in ad- and lawyers, cringe before the same potentates : But here is a prophet who makes a pano- “O Masters of the Bread, take us to be your servant. rama of a city which is not yet to exist for a century. . . Give us to eat, and we will betray the people to It looks like courage. you, for we must live. We will plead for you in the courts against the widow and the fatherless. We will The fundamental doctrine of “Equality "is Com- speak and write in your praise, and with cunning words munism. confound those who speak against you and your power “The corner-stone of our state is economic equality. and State.” .. What is life without its material basis, and what The preachers also beg of the capitalists : is an equal right to life but a right to an equal material “ We must have bread to eat like others. . . . In basis for it? What is liberty? How can men be free the name of God the Father will we forbid them to claim who must ask the right to labor and to live from their fellow-men and seek their bread from the hands of the rights of brothers, and in the name of the Prince of others? How else can any government guarantee lib- Peace will we preach your law of competition.” erty to men save by providing them a means of labor The cry of the women and the children is almost and of life coupled with independence ? . . . What too pathetic and suggestive to repeat. And there form of happiness, so far as it depends at all on material is only too much truth in the picture. facts, is not bound up with economic conditions ?” When we come to look closely at the facts, how- The Declaration of Independence, therefore, logic- ever, things are not so bad or so dark. Not all ally leads to Socialism of a communistic type. Lib- great publishing houses, for example, are dominated we are. vance. • 9 50 [July 16, THE DIAL by heartless Capitalism, for on the title-page of this harmony with those through which woman and gove vigorous plea for Socialism stands the name of the ernment have made progress.” The universal suf- great house of D. Appleton & Co. The contrast frage has not helped, but has hindered, the anti- starts a smile, and emphasizes the promise that the slavery movement, missions, charities, the war for Revolution is to be bloodless. the Union, the opening of trades and professions to The treatment of the question of police and mil- women. Woman suffrage is at war with democratic itary force (p. 318) deserves study on the part of principles, and is allied with monarchy, aristocracy, all who desire to know what wage-workers almost and ecclesiastical oppression. The author subjects universally feel in the cities of this country. They to criticism the claim that woman suffrage can rest regard the National Guard simply as a Capitalist on the maxims “ Taxation without representation is Guard. tyranny” and “There is no just government with- “In 1892 the militia of five States, aided by the out the consent of the governed.” The laws relating regulars, were under arms against strikers simultan- to property, it is claimed, have been improved by eously, the aggregate force of troops probably making men far more rapidly than if women had votes. a larger body than General Washington ever com- The influence of women on political life is great manded. Here surely was civil war already. ... To because it is non-partisan. The Suffrage Woman's this pass the industrial system of the United States was fast coming - it was becoming a government of bay- Bible is declared to be so poorly edited that the onets." women who gave it to the world have no claim to a respectful hearing on educational subjects. In rela- This state of things is rightly regarded as full of tion to religious preaching, it is said: “While the peril. The morality of family inheritance is absolutely possibilities of her nature tend to make her supreme denied, but general social inheritance is not ques- tioned. According to the author, the people of a also contains qualities that may render her pecu- liarly dangerous as a public leader.” county or state or nation may hold as their own The disabilities of sex are such that women can- goods which their ancestors toiled for, but the immediate children of the particular persons who not perform the duties of a voting citizen, and there- fore ought not to be clothed with power to get the earned this property have no claim as members of the family. This discrepancy seems to have escaped fend it. “To attempt to put it [the ballot) into the country into trouble when force is required to de- the attention of the author. He says: “ While the moralists and the clergy solemnly justified hands of those who are not physically fitted to main- the inequalities of wealth and reproved the discontent tain the obligations that may result from any vote of the poor on the ground that those inequalities were or any legislative act, is to render law a farce, and justified by natural differences in ability and diligence, to betray the trust imposed upon them by the con- they knew all the time, and everybody knew who stitution they have sworn to uphold.” The privi- listened to them, that the foundation principle of the leges of a voting citizen imply police, jury, and whole property system was not ability, effort, or de- military duty, and it is not enough to “distribute sert of any kind whatever, but merely the accident of tracts and hold conventions." birth, than which no possible claim could more com- In relation to the Home, the author believes that pletely mock at ethics." “the Suffrage movement strikes a blow squarely at When the Revolution comes, capitalists will not be the home and the marriage relation.” And, to sam reimbursed for their losses ; they will be glad up all: enough to escape punishment for their former “ The greatest danger with which this land is threat- oppressions. ened comes from the ignorant and persistent zeal of some of its women. They abuse the freedom under The book entitled “Woman and the Republic,” which they live, and to gain an impossible power would by Helen Kendrick Johnson, is calculated to make fain destroy the Government that alone can protect summer weather in some quarters pass rapidly from them. The majority of women have no sympathy with warm to hot. A man who has for many years advo- this movement; and in their enlightenment, and in the cated woman suffrage almost feels the courage ooze consistent wisdom of our men, lies our hope of defeating out of him when he reads this woman's book accus- this unpatriotic, unintelligent, and unjustifiable assault ing the universal-suffrage movement of being un- upon the integrity of the American Republic." just, undemocratic, and all that is evil. To what C. R. HENDERSON. are we coming? Chivalry is at a discount; the desire to be fair is not appreciated. But these vigorous chapters will provoke discussion. One can The following books for school reading have lately already hear the champions of “equal franchise” been published : “Lord Chesterfield's Letters ” (May- cutting the rods with which to chasten this "slave" nard), selected by Dr. H. H. Belfield; Dr. Johnson's who dares defend her oppressor, the tyrant man. “ Alexander Pope” (Harper), edited by Miss Kate Stephens; “ Bible Readings for Schools" (American Just imagine a woman, one who has studied history Book Co.), edited by Dr. N. C. Schaeffer; “Stories of and law books, retailing such rank heresy and trea- Long Ago in a New Dress" (Heath), by Miss Grace H. son as this book contains. “ The movement to Kupfer; and “In Brook and Bayou; or, Life in the Still obtain the elective franchise for woman is not in Waters ” (Appleton), by Miss Clara Kern Bayliss. ور 1897.] 51 THE DIAL lory of Macaulay only to gibbet him anew. His con- BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. ception of Boswell, more complete and accurate than One is not surprised to see the name Macaulay's, differs from it chiefly, we are inclined Cicero and his friends. a - , of « Cicero and His Friends," the Boswell is nearly as contemptible as Macaulay's ; he third volume of Boissier's works, which the Putnams seems more natural to us, because some of his traits have put forth in English dress, and the change - an exaggerated sensibility and versatility and an proves on examination to be a decided improve- exaggerated self-importance - are rather common ment. We find none of the glaring blunders in to-day. Boswell seems also to have been quite classical names, references to classical literature, lacking in principle and in power, so that we under- Latin quotations, etc., which marred the other two stand his being able to write Johnson's life no better volumes, and the thought of the original seems to after we have read his own. Both Smollett and have been reproduced with a fair degree of accuracy Boswell are men worth writing of. But in a series as a general thing. To the latter point, however, of Famous Scots they are in curiously incongruous some surprising exceptions will be noticed, as the company. Taking them all in all, they were, we reversal of the sense of a passage on page 328 by suppose, as lacking in Scotch characteristics as any the reproduction of a double negative, and the Scots one would readily think of. weak « all that he wills he means,” page 309, for “ tout ce qu'il veut, il le veut bien.” Perhaps it is English politics and The subject of English politics of too much to ask a translator to correct inaccuracies the development of eight hundred years ago is not of in his original, but one who takes up such a work the national spirit. itself very interesting, yet when set as this for translation ought to know the twenty- forth to show the development of national character, first book of Livy well enough not to let omnibus and the danger of permanent deterioration that was take the place of omnis in the words “ Quæstus then escaped, it takes on both interest and value. omnis patribus indecorus visus.” The faults of Professor O. H. Richardson has rewritten the his- this translation are irritating to the reader because tory of the middle portion of the thirteenth century they are faults which might easily bave been re- in his monograph, “ The National Movement in the moved had the translator (Adnah David Jones) Reign of Henry III. and its Culmination in the taken a little time for revision. A sentence here Barons' War” (Macmillan), in such a way as to and there shows that he can place the word “only" present clearly, first, the denationalization of En- in a fitting position, but we have counted more than gland under the exactions and aggressions of the fifty passages in which he has failed to do so. He papacy, the swarm of foreign favorites, and the splits infinitives with the barbarous glee of an weak wilfullness of the King; then the reaction of Indian splitting skulls, and does not care enough these upon the national spirit in church and people, for accuracy of expression even to avoid such resulting in the rise of a strong national spirit and bungling as “Cicero was perhaps more indebted for the firm establishment of the fundamental rights of this union ... to Catiline rather than to himself.” the people. It is a thoroughly creditable piece of And yet the reader will find that the charm of work, based on an independent study of the sources, Boissier rises above all these infelicities, and makes yet steadied by the work of the master in this field, the book well worth the time necessary for its Bishop Stubbs. It is not without a spice of hero- reading worship in the sympathetic account of the great earl Simon, yet this is not so strong as to vitiate the The “ Famous Scots Series (im- A fine pair of work, while adding zest to it. It is interesting to un-Scottish Scots. ported by Scribner) has pretty well note that the publication of the book is followed established its reputation by this immediately by the election of its author to a pro- time, so that we have now a good idea as to what fessorship at Yale. to expect of new volumes. The last two to reach us - that on Smollett, by Mr. Oliphant Smeaton, and From the press of Edward Arnold Begging as that on Boswell, by Mr. Keith Leask- are as good a fine art. “ The Beggars of Paris,” as the volumes already published. Mr. Smeaton written by Louis Paulian. Lady gives a brisk hearty account of the great novelist, Herschell's name is on the outside, but she is merely in a good broad style, and succeeds in keeping the the translator. The author turned beggar and ex- sympathy of the reader with his rather difficult sub-plored Paris. plored Paris. He lived by begging, and beat his ject. We are a little puzzled at his thinking that way with delightful success. He discovered that Smollett died in his fifty-second year, when he has begging is a lucrative profession which thrives on given the dates of his birth and death as 1721-1771, thoughtless almsgiving. One stands by a wall, rubs and also at his saying that Thackeray achieved with his eyes till they smart, and collects twice the wages rare effect “the evolution of character through the of a mechanic simply by holding out his dirty cap. medium of letters.” Probably, however, there are All the tricks of the trade are here exposed in de- letters in some of Thackeray's novels, and certainly tail, and the story is enlivened by anecdote. The a year more or less in a man's age is a minor matter. records of the Bureau of Associated Charities, or As for Boswell, Mr. Leask rescues him from the pil- of the Relief and Aid Society, would furnish par- comes 52 [July 16, THE DIAL Tolstoï's t t Socialization. allels for nearly every type. The social need is a ner is that on Our Lord's Knowledge upon Earth," radical treatment of the whole class; an offer of though the position is practically the same as that work to the able-bodied, prompt arrest of every held by the most illustrious of the Church Fathers. beggar, humane hiding from publicity in suitable While the book is modern in construction it is almshouses of those whose infirmities and friendless ancient in position, and adds next to nothing to our condition make it impossible for them to be self- weapons of warfare. supporting. This lesson applies to America as well as to France. The story is so interesting that it is Count Lyof N. Tolstoï has crowned Gospel a good book for charity workers to circulate. his literary works with one which, in brief. though a condensation of a larger Professor Giddings of Columbia bas work, should be entitled “ My Gospel in Brief.” The theory of rendered no small service in prepar- It is a fusion of the four New Testament gospels ing, under the title “ Theory of So- into one, but into the one that the author conceives cialization" (Macmillan ), a syllabus of his larger to be the true one. He omits “all passages relating work on “The Principles of Sociology,” already to the life of John the Baptist, Christ's birth and noticed in The DIAL. It is a great advantage to genealogy, his miracles, his resurrection, and the have the argument outlined by the author himself, references to prophesies fulfilled in his life.” With apart from the vast mass of material by which he these expunged, Christ's teaching is, according to illustrates and establishes his vital ideas. The sylla- Count Tolstoï, the most conventional presentment bus is enriched with some new examples, and cer- of metaphysics and morals, the purest and most tain propositions about appreciation, utilization, and complete doctrine of life, and the highest light characterization appear here for the first time. The which the human mind has ever reached. (Pub- definition of his famous phrase, “ consciousness of lished by Messrs. T. Y. Crowell & Co.) kind,” as now given is, “the state of consciousness in which a perception of resemblance, sympathy, and liking, and a desire for recognition, are com- bined.” The statement of the modes of equality LITERARY NOTES. (p. 35) is very suggestive, and helps to give defi- The third of Mr. G. P. Humphrey's « American niteness to a word which expresses the aspirations Colonial Tracts” is a reprint of “A State of the of the democracy, but is misleading and hurtful Province of Georgia, Attested upon Oath, in the Court unless it is explained and its limits accurately and of Savannah, November 10, 1740.” The date of the rationally bounded. original is 1742. The most northern paper in the world is printed at The volume entitled “Thackeray's Godthaab, in Greenland, and is called " Læsestof.” It Haunts and homes Haunts and Homes ” of Thackeray. (Scribner ) is a missionary sheet, made for the Eskimos, and has allures in the first place by its title, been the means of teaching many of them to read the and in the second place by the beauty of the illus- Danish language. trations, which occupy the larger part of the space The New Amsterdam Book Co. announce for imme- in the volume. The illustrator is also the author, diate publication “ Women Novelists of Queen Victoria's and was Thackeray's personal friend,-Eyre Crowe, Reign," and a new revised edition of “ Lady Hamilton and Lord Nelson," an historical biography by Mr. John A.R.A. His book consists of a sheaf of sketches made for the sake of preserving the outward look of Daniel Greenleaf Thompson, of New York, the Thackeray's habitations before the inevitable house- author of “ The Philosophy of Fiction in Literature" wrecker shall sweep away these literary vestiges. and other works, died at his home on the tenth of June. The text follows, in approximate chronological se- He was a lawyer by profession, and was for a term of quence, the connecting links in the chain of events years President of the Nineteenth Century Club. which led to the various changes of Thackeray's Henri Meilhac, who, both by his own unaided pen surroundings. The book is welcome both for its and in collaboration with M. Halévy, has contributed artistic and biographic value, since it brings one so much to the gaiety of theatre-going people, died in quite near to the immortal Thackeray" in his habit Paris on the sixth of June, at the age of sixty-five. He as he lived.” succeeded Labiche in the Academy about ten years ago. Mr. Edward Arnold will shortly publish Sir Harry The questions involved in a discus- Johnston's “ British Central Africa,” and announces The conditions of our Lord's sion of the life of Jesus while on for immediate publication Mr. Grant Allen's new book, life on Earth. earth are again in the front rank. “ An African Millionaire." The same firm will also Professor Mason delivered five lectures on this issue in sumptuous form the unique work on which Mr. Albert Hartshorne has been engaged so many years, theme before the eral Seminary in New York in 1896, on the Bishop Paddock foundation, and “Old English Glasses." “ The American Monthly Review of Reviews " is the they are now published in book form by Messrs. new title of the popular periodical edited by Mr. Albert Longmans, Green, & Co. Though somewhat over- Shaw. In course of time, it will doubtless come to grown with verbiage, the lectures reveal a careful be known more briefly as “The American Monthly,” study of the Gospels and of the literature of the topic. which reminds us (obsit omen) that a magazine thus Of the five lectures, the most strikingly new in man- entitled was once published in Chicago, and came to an a " 1897.] 53 THE DIAL ! 9 : early end. We are glad that the change has been Book-Plates. By W. J. Hardy, F.S.A. 2d edition, illus., made, although for a time it may be found a little con- 8vo, pp. 240, uncut. Imported by Charles Scribner's Sons. fusing, but the magazine in question is so different from, $1.50 Machiavelli. The Romanes Lecture delivered in the Shel- and so vast an improvement upon, its English prototype, donian Theatre, June 2, 1897. By John Morley, M.P. that it ought to have a distinctive name of its own. Large 8vo, pp. 64. Macmillan Co. 50 cts. We have received the first four numbers of “ La Mary, Queen of Scots: A Historical Drama. By Bjorn- Diplomatie," a new semi-monthly review published in stjerne Bjornson ; from the Norwegian, by Dr. Clemens Petersen. 16mo, pp. 121. Chicago : Sterling Pub'g Co. Paris, and edited by M. René Bréviaire. Its special field is that of diplomatic affairs and international poli- NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. tics, but it has also departments of musical and theat- Illustrated Standard Novels. New Volume : Snarleyyow. rical affairs, of society, sport, and finance. It thus By Captain Marryat; with introduction by David Hannay. appeals to a considerable range of interests, and we Illus., 8vo, pp. 405, uncut. Macmillan Co. $1.50. have found it very readable. It is attractively printed Lost Illusions. By H. de Balzac ; trans. by Ellen Marriage, with preface by George Saintsbury: Illus., 8vo, pp. 385, and well illustrated. gilt top, uncut edges. Macmillan Co. $1.50. Mr. Henry Frowde of the Oxford University Press Carlyle's Works, Centenary Edition. New Volumes : is about to publish for the Egypt Exploration Fund Oliver Cromwell's Letters and Speeches, II. and III. Illus., part of a papyrus book found at Behnesa, on the edge 8vo, uncnt. Imported by Charles Scribner's Sons. Per vol., $1.25. of the Libyan desert, by Mr. Bernard P. Grenfell and Turgenev's Novels. New Volume: Dream Tales, and Mr. A. S. Hunt of Oxford. There will be much con- Prose Poems. By Ivan Turgenev; trans. from the Rus- troversy as to the antiquity of these “ Logia,” but it is sian by Constance Garnett. 18mo, pp. 324. Macmillan Co. $1.25. not improbable that the collection was made at the be- Essayes of Michael, Lord of Montaigne. Translated by ginning of the second century, or even earlier, and the John Florio. Vol. III., 24mo, pp. 427, gilt top, uncut edges. writing of the sentences may date from the second cen- Macmillan Co. 50 cts. tury. The sayings are detached, without context, and Le Morte Dartbur. By Sir Thomas Malory. Part IV., with each begins with the words “ Jesus saith.” In addition frontispiece, 24mo, pp. 324, gilt top, uncut edges. Mac- millan Co. 45 cts. to reproducing the leaf by collotype process, it has been A Woman Killed with Kindness: A Play. By Thomas decided to print a cheaper edition for a few cents so Heywood; edited by A. W. Ward, Litt.D. 24mo, pp. 107, that the treasure may be brought within the reach of gilt top, uncut edges. 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W. P. A., C. &0. Big 4 Route, 234 Clark Street, CHICAGO. ALL THE WORLD Queen & Crescent ’97 . MONARCH LOVES A WINNER.” During the Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition at Nashville, Tenn., a low-rate special tariff OUR COMPLETE has been established for the sale of tickets from Cincinnati and other terminal points on the Queen & Crescent Route. LINE OF Tickets are on sale daily until further notice to Chat- tanooga at $6.75 one way, or $7.20 round trip from Cincinnati, the round trip tickets being good seven days to return; other tickets, with longer return limit, at $9.90 and at $13.50 for the round trip. These rates enable the public to visit Nashville and other Southern points at rates never before offered. Vestibuled trains of the finest class are at the disposal Are the SUPREME RESULT of our of the passenger, affording a most pleasant trip, and YEARS OF EXPERIENCE. enabling one to visit the very interesting scenery and important battle-grounds in and about Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain and Chickamauga National Military MONARCH CYCLE MFG. CO., Park. Tickets to Nashville to visit the Centennial can CHICAGO. be re-purchased at Chattanooga for $3.40 round trip. Ask your ticket agent for tickets via Cincinnati and the Retail Salesrooms : Q. & C. Route South, or write to 152 Dearborn Street. 87-89 Ashland Ave. W. C. RINEARSON, CHICAGO. General Passenger Agent, Cincinnati, O. BICYCLES NEW YORK LONDON. 56 [July 16, 1897. THE DIAL NOW READY. AMERICAN COLONIAL TRACTS ISSUED MONTHLY An American Emperor. The Story of the Fourth Empire of France. By Louis TRACY, author of “The Final War," etc. Illustrated. 8vo, $1.75. A dramatic story of love and adventure, in which the astute inheritor of the combined wealth of the richest families in America obtains com- mand of the government of France. The Dungeons of Old Paris. Being the Story and Romance of the most Celebrated Prisons of the Monarchy and the Revolution. By TIGHE HOPKINS, author of "Lady Bonnie's Experiment," "Nell Haffenden," etc. Illustrated. 8vo, $1.75. After a brief introduction, giving an outline of the subject, and showing what imprisonment was like in the olden days, Mr. Hopkins gives the story and romance of the most celebrated French prisons. The book is fascinating reading, and is full of historical anecdote. A Magazine designed to repro- , and at a low price, the more im- portant pamphlets relating to the History of the American Colonies before 1776, that have hitherto been inaccessible, by reason of their scarcity and high price. Single numbers are 25 cents each, or yearly subscription $3.00. The number for July contains "A State of the Province of Georgia, attested upon oath, in the Court of Savannah, November roth, 1740. London: Printed for W. Meadows, at the Angel in Corn- hill, 1742." PUBLISHED BY GEORGE P HUMPHREY ROCHESTER NY Bertrand du Guesclin, Constable of France, His Life and Times. By ENOCH VINE STODDARD, M.D. Illustrated. 8vo, $1.75. The name of Bertrand du Guesclin is held in reverence by French- men of to-day as that of one by whose efforts the unity of ancient France was secured. A great and loyal captain who, by the success of his arms, lifted his native land from the depths of distress and despon- dency and freed her from her oppressors, ... he was to his country in the fourteenth century what Jeanne d'Arc was in the fifteenth cen- tury. Hannibal, Soldier, Statesman, Patriot, and the Struggle between Car- thage and Rome. By WILLIAM O'CONNOR MORRIS, author of “Napoleon,” sometime scholar of Oriel College, Oxford. (No. 21 in the “Heroes of the Nations Series.") Fully illustrated. Large 12mo, cloth, $1.50; half leather, gilt top, $1.75. Nippur; or, Explorations and Adventures on the Euphrates. The Narrative of the University of Pennsylvania Expedition to Babylonia, in the years 1889–1890. By John PUNNETT PETERS, Ph.D., Sc.D., D.D., Director of the Expedition. With about 100 illustrations and plans, and with new Maps of the Euphrates Valley and the Ruin Sites of Babylonia. Two volumes, sold separately. Vol. I., The First Campaign. 8vo, gilt top, $5.00. As a result of Dr. Peters's discoveries, we know that Nippur exer. cised on the religious life and religious development of the people of Babylonia an influence as potent as that of Jerusalem on our own. Dr. Peters's volumes not only possess scientific value and importance, but they will be found of decided interest as a record of travel and ad- venture. FRENCH BOOKS. Readers of French desiring good literature will take pleas- ure in reading our ROMANS CHOISIS SERIES, 60 cts. per vol. in paper and 85 cts. in cloth; and CONTES CHOLSLS SERIES, 25 cts. per vol. Each a masterpiece and by a well- known author. List sent on application. Also complete cata- logue of all French and other Foreign books when desired. WILLIAM R. JENKINS, Nos. 851 and 853 Sixth Ave. (48th St.), NEW YORK. SEND FOR CATALOGUE Of an extraordinary collection of Autograph Letters, Docu- ments, etc., of American Presidents, Generals, Actors, Liter- ary Celebrities, Revolutionary Muster Rolls, Broadsides, etc., formerly belonging to William R. Dorlon and Dr. Sprague. Also List of rare old Books of Emblems, early Imprints, curi- ous old Almanacks, Voyages and Travels, etc., now ready and sent post free on application to J. W. CADBY, 131 Eagle St., Albany, N. Y. READY NEXT WEEK: Authors and Publishers. A Manual of Suggestions for Beginners in Literature. Com- prising a description of publishing methods and arrange- ments, directions for the preparation of MSS. for the press, explanations of the details of book-manufacturing, instruc- tions for proof-reading, specimens of typography, the text of the United States Copyright Law, and information con- cerning International Copyrights, together with general hints for authors. By G. H. P. and J. B. P. Seventh edi- tion, rewritten, with new material. 12mo, gilt top, $1.75. "Full of valuable information for authors and writers. . A most instructive and excellent manual." — GEORGE WILLIAM CURTIS, in Harper's Magazine. LIBRARIES. We solicit correspondence with book-buyers for private and other Libraries, and desire to submit figures on proposed lists. Our recently revised topically arranged Library List (mailed gratis on application) will be found useful by those selecting titles. THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO., Wholesale Books, 5 & 7 East 16th St., New York. G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, 27 and 29 West Twenty-third Street, New York. THE DIAL PRESS, CHICAGO. Se eins さん ​AUG 2 1897 THE DIAL A SEMI- MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. EDITED BY | Volume XXIII. FRANCIS F. BROWNE. No. 267. 315 WABASH AVE. } 10 cts. a copy. $2. a year. CHICAGO, AUGUST 1, 1897. { Opposite rem. The SUMMER READING. Inauguration Described by RICHARD HARDING DAVIS Contrasts our political and social life, as manifested in our greatest national cer- emony, with that of the Old World. Illustrated by C. D. Gibson and T. de Thulstrup FRANK R. STOCKTON'S New Novel, The Great Stone of Sardis. THE KENTUCKIANS. The New Serial by John Fox, Jr. Illustrated by W. T. SMEDLEY. EIGHT COMPLETE STORIES. A Sergeant of the Orphan Troop, a story of Indian fighting in Winter. Writ- ten and illustrated by FREDERICK REM- INGTON. Sharon's Choice, & sketch of life in a small Western town, by OWEN WISTER. Illustrated. The Cob- bler in the Devil's Kitchen, an amus- ing romance of voyageur days in Mack- inao, by MARY HARTWELL CATHER- WOOD. Illustrated. In the Rip, a story of farm life in Maine, by BLISS PERRY. Illustrated. The Marrying of Esther, a story of country life, by MARY M. MEARS. A Fashionable Hero, a story of the city, by MARY BERRI CHAPMAN. A Fable for Maidens, by ALICE DUER, an amusing little comment on the fem- inine attitude towards marrying, put in the guise of a fairy tale. A Prearranged Accident, a farce by ALBERT LEE. Illustrated. THE MARTIAN. A Novel. By GEORGE DU MAURIER, Author of "Peter Ibbetson," "Trilby,!' etc. Profusely Illustrated by the Author. Post 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.75; Three-quarter calf, $3.50; Three-quarter Crushed Levant, $4.50. A Glossary of the French expressions is included. All that tenderness and grace of diction which bewitched so many readers of “Trilby." - New York Herald. FLOWERS OF FIELD, HILL, AND SWAMP. By CAROLINE A. CREEVEY. Illustrated by BENJAMIN LANDER. Crown 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $2.50. This book is practically invaluable. It persuades to observation, rewards effort and adds delight to every walk that is taken. Those who do not "make company" of it, but admit it to daily intimacy, stand a fair chance of going home much wiser as well as much healthier than they came.- New York Times. THE PEOPLE FOR WHOM SHAKESPEARE WROTE. By CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER. Illustrated. 16mo, Cloth, Ornamental, Deckel Edges and Gilt Top, $1.25. To bring lovers of Shakespeare in touch with the world of Shakespeare has been Mr. Warner's object, and he has accomplished that object with characteristic felicity. This little book is a welcome addition to Shakespeariana. EYE SPY. Afield with Nature Among Flowers and Animate Things. Written and Illustrated by WILLIAM HAMILTON GIBSON, Author of "Sharp Eyes," Highways and Byways," eto. 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $2.50. Its pages and illustrations will be just as helpful to the wanderer in Central Park as to the tourist in the Berkshire Hills. Its pages are replete with many interesting facts.- New York Commercial Advertiser. IN SIMPKINSVILLE. Stories. By RUTA MENERY STUART. Illustrated. Post Svo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.25. The author has emphasized her strong yet graceful power of combining the pathetic with a quiet humor that is distinctly a peculiarity of her own, and which, with the dialect, gives distinct quality to the book.-- Springfield Union. “ HELL FER SARTAIN,” And Other Stories. By John Fox, Jr. Post 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, Uncut Edges and Colored Top, $1.00. "On Hell-fer-Sartain Creek" is a masterpiece of condensed dramatic narrative. Mr. Fox has, in this volumo, achieved a distinct success. — - Dial, Chicago. MR. PETERS. A Novel. By RICCARDO STEPHENS. With Illustrations by E. M. Ashe. Post 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.50. The story is good and often amusing, the plot supplies ample motive, and there is no little ingenuity in its construction. It will be found an interesting story of life to-day in Edinburgh, and one that the reader comes to appreciate both for its moral and literary qualities. - Athenæum, London. THE STORY OF THE RHINEGOLD. (Der Ring des Nibelunger.) Told for Young People. By ANNA ALICE CHAPIN. Illustrated. Post 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.25. For a study of Wagner's operas, no better book could be secured.- Springfield Union. AN EPISTLE TO POSTERITY. Being Rambling Recollections of Many Years of My Life. By Mrs. JOHN SHERWOOD. With a Photogravure Portrait. Crown 8vo, Cloth, Uncut Edges and Gilt Top, Ornamental, $2.50. Replete with delightfully varied information. Mrs. Sherwood has a retentive mind; and, having lived and travelled in the days when America had reason to be proud of her great men, she is abundantly able to chatter intelligently about her life and times.- Boston Herald. HARPER'S FOR AUGUST . HARPER & BROTHERS, Publishers, New York and London. 58 [Aug. 1, THE DIAL Nelson's New Series of Successful New Fiction Teachers' Bibles. NEW ILLUSTRATIONS. NEW CONCORDANCE. QUO VADIS. A Narrative of the Time of NEW HELPS. NEW MAPS. These TEACHERS' BIBLES contain new Bible Helps written by LEADING SCHOLARS in AMERICA and GREAT BRITAIN, and are entitled THE ILLUSTRATED BIBLE TREASURY. Upward of 350 Illustrations Of Ancient Monuments, Scenes in Bible Lands, Animals, Plants, Antiquities, Coins, etc., are distributed through the text of the Helps. Nero. By HENRYK SIEN- KIEWICZ. Translated from the Polish by JEREMIAH CURTIN. Crown 8vo, cloth, $2.00. The leading book of the year. An instantaneous success, constantly increasing in popularity, and a book which will be read by every body. The author's other works : “WITH FIRE AND SWORD,” “ The Deluge,” “ Pan Michael,” “Children of the Soil,” and “ Without Dogma.” Translated from the French of JULES BRICHANTEAU, CLARETIE (Manager of the Comedie ACTOR. Française). 12mo. Cloth, extra, gilt top, $1.50. A great Parisian success by a bright, clever, witty writer who has entered into the inner life of the stage and put a new character into fiction. CAPTAIN A Populist of 1786. By GEORGE R. R. SHAYS. RIVERS. 16mo. Cloth, extra, gilt top, $1.25. This story deals with the discontent of the farmers in Massachusetts after the Revolution and with the noted Shays' Rebellion which arose from it. It is uniform in size and type with Mrs. Goodwin's charming romances of Colonial Virginia -“White Aprons" and “The Head of a Hundred." IN BUFF Being Certain Portions from the Diary of AND BLUE. Richard Hilton, Gentleman of Haslet's Regiment of Delaware Foot, in our Ever Glorious War of Independence. By GEORGE BRYDGES RODNEY. 16mo. Cloth, extra, gilt top, uniform with “ White Aprons," $1.25. The scene of this new historical romance is laid chiefly in Delaware and Pennsylvania. The incidents embrace the Battles of Long Island, Trenton, Stony Brook and Brandy- wine, the winter at Valley Forge, General Howe's ball at Philadelphia, and the Battle of Camden. OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. THE INDEPENDENT says: “Of all the aids' for the popular study of the Bible, which belong in the general class of Teachers' Bibles, THIS IS EASILY FOREMOST AND BEST. ... The marked feature of the Treas. ury' is that every part of it is now, and that it contains none of that sequacious compilation which is based on works once in repute, but which at the best rise no higher than belated attempts to bring an old thing up to the gauge of a new one. ... The number of contributors who have taken part in the work is thirty-eight. They make a list which commands con- fidence and challenges admiration." THE SUNDAY SCHOOL WORLD says: “... Looking at the Treasury' in its broader features, and as the latest Helps' for Teachers' Bibles, the intelligent reader will, we think, pronounce it a decided advance upon any that have hitherto appeared. This is evident in the logº ical order of the material, in the proper arrangement of the engravings and illustrations, blended with the descriptive text and fitting in the place where they belong. Placing the Concordance, proper names and subject index under one alpha- betic list also has decided advantages. IT WILL EASILY TAKE A FOREMOST RANK WITH ALL BIBLE STUDENTS." THE UNION SIGNAL says: New Bible Helps written by leading scholars in American and Great Britain. ... THESE SURPASS EVERY THING HERETOFORE OFFERED TO BIBLE STUDENTS." THE DIAL says: “The new 'Illustrated Bible Treasury' reaches the acme in the field of Bible students' helps. The catalogue of themes treated and the compactness and lucidity of the articles are a delight to the reader. The wealth of illustrations of the best sort — not old worn-out cuts — adds greatly to the beauty and completeness of the articles. The natural-history sec- tions are especially fine in matter and make-up. The Con- cordance is the most complete yet produced, being adapted both to the Authorized and to the Revised Versions, and con- taining also proper names. We also find incorporated in it several themes which, in other helps, are found merely in separate sections under the dry uninteresting form of tables. Some of these are Messianic Prophecy, Parables in the Old Testament, Quotations in the New Testament for the Old. This feature simplifies the Bible student's task. The full dozen of new up-to-date maps, fully colored and indexed, are superb. . . . Is nearest the ideal Bible student's manual of any publication in its field.” FOR SALE BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. At Prices from $1.50 to $7.00. Write for a complete list, giving sizes of type, prices, etc. THOMAS NELSON & SONS, 33 East Seventeenth Street (Union Square), NEW YORK, 7) THE END OF A Romance of New England, THE BEGINNING. 16mo. Buckram, gilt top, $1.25. “Unique in style, plot, and purpose."- The Critic. Mrs. Goodwin's Popular Romances of Colonial Virginia. WHITE A Romance of Bacon's Rebellion, Virginia, APRONS. 1676. By MAUD WILDER GOODWIN. 16mo. Cloth, extra, gilt top, $1.25. THE HEAD OF Being an account of certain passages A HUNDRED. in the Life of Humphrey Huntoon, Esq., sometyme an officer in the Col- ony of Virginia. By MAUD WILDER GOODWIN, 16mo. Cloth, extra, gilt top, $1.25. For sale by all Booksellers, or sent, post - paid, upon receipt of price by LITTLE, BROWN, & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, 254 Washington Street, BOSTON. 1897.] 59 THE DIAL The Macmillan Company's New Books. A RIDE THROUGH WESTERN ASIA. By CLIVE BIGHAM. Fully Illustrated, 8vo, $3.00. “Mr. Bigham gives us a very shrewd estimate of the Persian people, and a graphic offhand kind of a sketch of their manners, institutions, cities, avocations, etc. It can be recommended as one of the best current books of travel."- Phila- delphia Evening Telegraph. " Its only fault is that there is not enough of it. ... A book more remarkably free from mere opinion and verbiage it would be hard to find."- Review of Reviews. ENGLISH LITERATURE. NEW SUMMER NOVELS. A HISTORY OF ENGLISH POETRY. By W. J. COURTHOPE, Litt.D. Vol. I. THE MIDDLE AGES. Previously issued. Vol. II. THE RENAISSANCE AND RE- FORMATION, eto. Just ready. Cloth, 8vo, $2.50 each. The Independent, describing Vol. I., said : "It promises to be a most valuable work. compact, lucid, for the most part sound and liberal in criticism." THROUGH FINLAND IN CARTS By Mrs. ALEC TWEEDIE, Author of “A Winter Jaunt to Norway,”' “A Girl's Ride in Iceland,' etc. With numerous full - page Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth, gilt top, pp. 366. Price, $5.00. GENESIS OF THE SOCIAL CONSCIENCE. The Relation Between the Establish- ment of Christianity in Europe and the Social Question. By HENRY S. NASH, Professor in the Episcopal Theological School, Cambridge. 8vo, cloth. Price, $1.50. “Professor Nash's volume fulfills the prom- ise of its title. It does more, indeed, for the author is something more and better than a mere epitomizer of other men's thoughts. Not only is his treatment of the great thesis which be has undertaken to discuss fresh and sug- gestive, but he shows himself to be a clear and original thinker."- New York Tribune. THE TEMPLE CLASSICS. Under the general Editorship of ISRAEL QOLLANCZ, M.A., University Lecturer in English, Cambridge University, and Editor of “The Temple Shakespeare," etc. New Volumes. MALORY.-Le Morte D'Arthur. Parts III. and IV. FLORIO. – The Essays of Michel de Montaigne. Vol. III., Books 1 and 2. 16mo, cloth, gilt top. Price, each, 50 cts. Limp leather, gilt top. Price, each, 75 cts. “American to the very core."-N. Y. Times. By JAMES LANE ALLEN, THE CHOIR INVISIBLE. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. “Brief, but beautiful and strong."-Chicago Tribune. By F. MARION CRAWFORD, A ROSE OF YESTERDAY. Cloth, 12mo, $1.25. "Simply refreshing." -Mail and Erpress. By ELLA HIGGINSON, FROM THE LAND OF THE SNOW PEARLS. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. By the author of Dukesborough Tales. By R. MALCOLM JOHNSTON, OLD TIMES IN MIDDLE GEORGIA. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. “Intensely dramatic."- Boston Advertiser. By HENRY SETON MERRIMAN, THE GREY LADY. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. “ Absorbingly interesting." Evening Transcript. By FLORA ANNIE STEEL, IN THE TIDEWAY. Cloth, 16mo, $1.25. A picture of Paris under Napoleon III. By EMILE ZOLA, HIS EXCELLENCY. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. Order from your Booksellers, or direct from THE MACMILLAN CO., 66 Fifth Avenue, New York. THE TEMPLE DRAMATISTS. New Volume. MARLOWE.-Doctor Faustus. By CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE. Edited, with a Preface, Notes, and Glossary, by ISRAEL GOLLANCZ, M.A. HEYWOOD. - A Woman Killed with Kindness. By THOMAS HEYWOOD. Edited, with a Preface, Notes, and Glossary, by A. W. WARD, Litt.D. 32mo, cloth, gilt top. Price, each, 45 cts. Paste-grain morocco, gilt top. Price, each, 65 cts. THE MYTHS OF ISRAEL. The Ancient Book of Genesis, with Analysis and Explanation of its Composition. By AMOS K. FISKE, Author of "The Jewish Scriptures,” etc. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. The author resolves the Ancient Hebrew Book of Genesis into its component myths, explaining their significance and bearing in the literary and religious development of the Hebrew people. THE SOCIAL TEACHINGS OF JESUS. An Essay in Christian Sociology. By Professor SHAILER MATTHEWS, Chicago University. Cloth, 12mo. (In Press.) It is based upon the belief that Jesus as a strong thinker must have had some central truth or conception. Starting with this funda- mental conception, the author endeavors to trace its application by Jesus himself to vari- ous aspects of social life. Memorials of Christies. A Record of Art Sales from 1766 to 1896. By W. ROBERTS, Author of "The Bookhunter in London," etc. With 75 Collotype and other Illustrations, and a full Index. Two vols., royal 8vo, buckram, gilt top, pp. (Vol. I.) xxi. and 329; (Vol. II.) ix, and 375. Price, $8.00 net. NEW AND CHEAPER EDITION. Travels in West Africa, Congo Francais, Corisco, and Cameroons. By MARY H. KINGSLEY. Demy 8vo. Fifth Thousand. $4.00. “That a young woman should travel alone through “No more thoroughly interesting book on African the dense forests of the most dangerous regions of The Evening travel has yet been written, not even by Stanloy. The Tribune, Africa is strange enough, but that sho should tell of her Transcript, In the whole seven hundred pages of her book there is Chicago. adventures and observations in such a deliciously hu- pot one that is dull or uninteresting. A large amount morous and original way is even more surprising. It is Boston. of valuable scientific information is packed in the ap- really a wonderful book." pendices." THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, No. 66 Fifth Avenue, New York. 60 [Aug. 1, 1897. THE DIAL D. Appleton & Company's New Books a Ready in August. Hall Caine's New Novel : THE CHRISTIAN. By HALL CAINE, author of “The Manxman,” “The Deemster,” “The Bondman,” etc. Uniform edition. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. This is a drama of frail human nature aspiring to perfection and struggling to attain the highest ideal. The story opens in the Isle of Man, but the action takes place for the most part in London, and the author's strenuous preparation for this book is suggested by the succession of moving and dramatic scenes from a strange and unknown life in the world's metropolis. His mastery of the human drama has never been shown so forcibly. The romance throbs with life, and the emotional force of these pictures of aspiration, temptation, love, and tragedy reaches a height which will make a lasting impression upon the literature of our time. Second Edition. EQUALITY. By EDWARD BELLAMY, author of “Looking Backward,” etc. 12mo, cloth, $1.25. “The book is so full of ideas, so replete with suggestive aspects, so rich in quotable parts, as to form an arsenal of argu- ment for apostles of the now democracy. . . . The humane and thoughtful reader will lay down Equality' and regard the world about him with a feeling akin to that with which the child of the tenement returns from his country week 'to the foul smells, the discordant noises, the incessant strife of the wonted environment. Immense changes are undoubtedly in store for the coming century. The industrial transformations of the world for the past hundred years seem to assure for the next hundred a mutation in social conditions commensurately radical. The tendency is undoubtedly toward human unity, social solidarity. Science will more and more make social evolution a voluntary, self-directing process on the part of man.”- SYLVESTER BAXTER, in the Review of Reviews. PETER THE GREAT. By K. WALISZEWSKI, author of “The Romance of an Em- press," (Catherine II. of Russia). Translated by Lady MARY LOYD. With Portrait. Small 8vo, cloth, $2.00. “One of the most interesting biographies of the historical kind we have read for a long time. : . Intensely interesting because absolutely unique."- London Daily Chronicle. “A finished and artistic portrait of this extraordinary man. An elaborate character sketch."- London Standard. 1 FAMILIAR FEATURES OF THE ROADSIDE. By F. SCHUYLER MATHEWS, author of “Familiar Flowers of Field and Garden,” “Familiar Trees and Their Leaves," etc. With 130 illustrations by the author. 12mo, cloth, $1.75. The country roads have a life of their own of great interest if one is properly guided, and Mr. Mathews has written his book in order to set forth the life of the trees, bushes, flowers, insects, and birds which are found along the roads. He has carried out an idea which will interest those who walk, or drive, or ride a wheel in the country, and the book will be indispensable for anyone who lives in or visits the country. INSECT-LIFE. By John HENRY COMSTOCK, Professor of Entomology in Cor- nell University. With illustrations by ANNA BOTSFORD COMSTOCK, Member of the Society of American Wood En- gravers. 12mo, cloth, $2.50. A popular book of general value and interest which will meet a want felt by teachers and be indispensable for classes, and will also prove of constant service to those who have felt the need of a guide to the identi. fication and study of insects. It is a book for amateurs and summer tourists as well as for students, and is magnificently illustrated by Mrs. Comstock's accurate and beautiful wood engravings. SOME UNRECOGNIZED LAWS OF NATURE. An Inquiry into the Causes of Physical Phenomena, with Special Reference to Gravitation. By IGNATIUS SINGER and LEWIS H. BERENS. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth, $2.50. This is an entirely new and original work, the result of long study and independent practical experiment. It has grown out of the expe- rience of the authors in their attempts to apply the physical method of inquiry to the elucidation of biological problems, moro especially those which arise in connection with the life of man. By a close examination of the action of force on various bodies it is hoped that a new light may be thrown on the laws of Nature, including tho causation of phenomena BARBARA BLOMBERG. A Historical Romance. By Dr. GEORG EBERS, author of “Uarda," “Cleopatra," " *Joshua," etc. Translated by MARY J. SAFFORD. Two vols., 16mo, cloth, $1.50; paper, 80 cts. The time of this strong historical romance is the period of turmoil which followed the death of Luther, when Protestants and Catholics were struggling for the mastery in Germany and the Netherlands. The story opens in the city of Ratisbon, where Charles V. meets Barbara Blomberg, and is captivated by her voice, in spite of the distractions caused by warring princes and burghers. Later the story changes to the Netherlands and pictures the stirring scenes preceding the work of liberation. The romance offers a series of vivid sketches of dramatic events which had far-reaching consequences. WAYSIDE COURTSHIPS. By HAMLIN GARLAND. 12mo, cloth, $1.25. One of the most characteristic phases of life in the West is the movement of its people, particularly of its young men. The latter are always on the road to college, to the city, to places farther west. On the way a woman's face often causes the young man to pause, turn, and perhaps remain. This motive underlies the book. On her part the woman finds a peculiar fascination in the passing of the stranger and the effect upon her life. A deeper interest still is suggested in the proem and elsewhere in the book. “Wayside Courtships " will be found to be a most significant expression of the author's strong and individual talent. Uniform with “Wayside Courtships." New editions of Mr. Garland's other books. Each, 12mo, cloth, $1.25. A SPOIL OF OFFICE. A Story of the Modern West. A MEMBER OF THE THIRD HOUSE. A Story of Political Warfare. JASON EDWARDS. An Average Man. A COLONIAL FREE-LANCE. By C. C. HOTCHKISS, author of “In Defiance of the King." No. 222, Town and Country Library. 12mo, cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 cta. The welcome given to “ In Deflance of the King" proves the growth of American appreciation of new American writers of genuine talent. In this new romance of the Revolution Mr. Hotchkiss shows a power of sustained interest and a command of dramatic effects which will make his book a notable addition to our fiction. The scene of his stirring tale is laid for the most part in old New York during the British occupancy, on Long Island Sound, and on Martha's Vineyard. It is certain that no one who has begun this spirited and fascinating story will leave it un. finished. 1 For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent, postpaid, upon receipt of the price, by D. APPLETON & COMPANY, 72 Fifth Avenue, New York. 1 THE DIAL ! A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. PAGE . • a No. 267. AUGUST 1, 1897. Vol. XXIII. Congolie,” by M. Edmond Picard, who went out to Africa to scoff and remained to pray ; CONTENTS. and a posthumous volume of “ Lettres de Voyage," by Emile de Laveleye. In literary A YEAR OF CONTINENTAL LITERATURE-I. 61 criticism there is “ Dante et Ses Précurseurs, COMMUNICATIONS 64 by M. Zanardelli, and a “ Discours sur le Japanese Self-Taught. Ernest W. Clement. Renouveau au Théâtre,” by the M. Picard Preparatory English - A Teacher's Experience. already named. In belles-lettres, the “original , A. J. George. and extravagant” M. Emile Verhaeren has ACROSS AND AROUND SPITSBERGEN. E. G.J. 65 produced two volumes of verse, and M. Mae- THE EVOLUTION OF A CONSTITUTION. James terlinck a collection of “ Douze Chansons." Oscar Pierce 67 The same M. Maeterlinck has also printed THE DECORATIVE ILLUSTRATION OF BOOKS. the prose drama “Aglavaine et Sélysette, Frederick W. Gookin 68 which certainly has an enticing title. « While the Flemish movement agitates all Belgium THE ETERNAL PROBLEM OF THE BALKANS. Charles H. Cooper violently in view of a law which is to place the 70 Flemish language on a complete footing of FAITH AND PHILOSOPHY. John Bascom 71 equality with French, which has been recog- Watson's The Cure of Souls. — Van Dyke's The Gospel for an Age of Doubt. Scott's Origin and nized as the official language of the kingdom Development of the Nicene Theology.- Harris's God since 1830, Flemish literature does not share the Creator and Lord of All. - Fisher's History of in the polemics and the agitation of French Christian Doctrine.- Evil and Evolution,- Duke of Argyll's The Philosophy of Belief. literature in Belgium. It is in a state of dull placidity.” The most noteworthy Flemish pro- BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 74 English literature as affected by the French Revolu- ductions are M. Cyriel Buysse's novel, “ Op't tion.- Revival of a forgotten work by Cooper - All Blauwhuis," and a few historical studies. by Mark Twain.-Evolution of the stars.-Buddhism Professor V. Tille's Bohemian report may sympathetically expounded.- Latin classics in origi- nal manuscript. - Literature of music. be illustrated by the following extracts : “ Bohemian literature during the period 1896–7 has BRIEFER MENTION 76 not shown so much vigour as in the preceding twelve LITERARY NOTES 77 months, although the number of publications is still very large. Many collections of verse have appeared, TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. 77 but few of them rise above mediocrity. ... One of the most beautiful and powerful collections of patriotic LIST OF NEW BOOKS 78 verse is Neruda's posthumous Friday Songs,' which sprang from passionate love of his country and people, and show anew what a mind was lost to the Bohemian A YEAR OF CONTINENTAL nation by his death. . . . In fiction Bohemian litera- LITERATURE-I. ture still lacks the modern novel of character — a want not compensated by some attempts at shorter tales of Following our custom of several years, we this class. Stories of all kinds and shades are coming print in this and the following issue of THE out as numerously as poems, but the majority of them DIAL a summary of the literary activity of the do not rise above the average, and many of the produc- past twelvemonth in the principal European tions of even older story-tellers follow the beaten path, without attempting to be artistic. The best of them are countries, based upon the invaluable series of still those that delineate minutely the life of the Bo- special reports contributed to the “ Athenæum " hemian country people, as the subject itself secures for July 3. Thirteen countries are covered attention.” altogether, and we follow the alphabetical Denmark, whose literary affairs are chroni- arrangement of our English contemporary. cled by Dr. Alfred Ipsen, has a somewhat more Professor Paul Fredericq, writing from Bel interesting story to tell. 6. Our æsthetic liter- gium, records a considerable achievement in ture appears to have reached a point where the department of national history, noting form has been developed to the highest perfec- many monographs and collections of import- tion, but it would also now and then seem as if ance. Among books of travel there is “ En we were at a loss for the material to fill in the - . . . . . . . a > 62 [Aug. 1, THE DIAL 9 form." Herr H. F. Ewald, “the Nestor of deserted him to enter on other paths, and he is Danish authors,” has published “Liden Kir- visibly outliving his reputation.” M. Bourget, sten,” a new bistorical novel which combines also, has less vogue than heretofore. “ It would the romantic feeling of Ingemann with the be too much to say that adultery has ceased to more exacting scholarship of the present day. take a chief place in the French novel ; but its “ Mollen " ("The Mill"), by Herr Karl Gjel place is growing less year by year. People are lerup, is "a big novel of country life,” and decidedly tired of this sort of story.” The one “ Ludvigsbakke,” by Herr H. Bang, shows its masterpiece of the year is the Basque story of author to be possessed of “some of Charles “ Ramountcho,” by “Loti.” Other works of Dickens's keen perception of the small things fiction that have attracted much attention are in character and human life.” Herr K. Larsen, the “ Jardin Secret " of M. Prévost, the Jean “ in “Uden for Rangklasserne” (“Outside the d’Agrève ” of M. de Vogüé, the " Image" of “ ” Upper Classes”), “sketches certain sections of M. Emile Pouvillon, and the Orme du Mail” Copenhagen life and their Copenhagen slang, of M. France. The latter book " is a succes- . “ for which he has a very sharp ear.” He has sion of sketches of administrative, ecclesiastical, also begun publication of an intimate history of and political life in the provinces. These the War of 1864, based upon contemporary sketches are lively, witty, and their style recalls letters and journals. “ Herr Holger Drach- at once Renan and Voltaire ; but I really must mann, our brilliant poet, celebrated in October ask readers not to believe that all our prefects last the completion of twenty-five years of lit- and all our bishops resemble the figures in erary work, and received recognition from M. France's book.” As for poetry, “ M. Cop- many quarters. From the King and the Court, pée has deserted it for journalism, M. Sully- however, he received no sign of sympathy or Prudhomme for philosophy and science. M. de regard, owing to the unsatisfactory character of Hérédia has never written, as the world knows, his domestic life. The inspired and rich quality more than one volume of sonnets ; Leconte de of his work is a feature of our literature in these L'Isle and Banville are dead, and have left no times of spiritual decline and mannerism. Gen. heirs to their places." heirs to their places.” Two new writers of erally so fertile, he has not this year produced verse, MM. F. Gregh and Rivoire, show signs any new volume, but has only revised and altered of promise. Literary criticism and history are one of his plays of earlier years.” An important in a flourishing condition, and are illustrated undertaking in a more serious field is the great by many good books. The Duc de Broglie has subscription history of Denmark, upon which written on Malherbe, and M. Hallays on Beau- seven of the foremost Danish historians are marchais, for the “Grands Ecrivains Fran- now engaged. çais.” M. Petit de Julleville's monumental M. Joseph Reinach opens his interesting ac- history of French literature is making satisfac- count of the year in France with some remarks tory progress. M. V. Rossel has written an upon the effects of free trade in literature. important book on the literary relations be- “ It is probable,” he says, “ that the second half tween France and Germany. M. Henry Har- . of the nineteenth century will seem to future risse has left Columbus for the Abbé Prevost, history chiefly characterized, from this special and has brought the author of “ Manon Les- point of view, by the activity of the literary caut” into the clear light of history. M. exchanges between France on the one side, and Duclaux's “ Pasteur" attempts “a history of on the other certain foreign countries, notably this great spirit, the genesis of his discoveries, Russia, the Scandinavian peoples, England, the outcome of his struggles.” The celebrated and even Germany. No one can doubt that history of “Elle et Lui" has been revived, and Tolstoy owes much to Balzac and George Sand; has resulted in the publication of much new but Tolstoy, in his turn, has exercised a con- material concerning both George Sand and siderable influence on several of our country- Alfred de Musset. “ The controversy, it seems, men of to-day. Ibsen, he too, derives from is lasting long enough to provide still a theme George Sand, and above all Alexandre Dumas of animated discussion at literary dinners. I the younger. . . I am ready to believe that am not at all clear whether it would not have the French novel has for several years past left been better to let these dead people sleep undis- its mark on the English novel, which now attacks turbed in their graves." Among the more subjects before which it once recoiled.” M. solid publications of the year are M. Fouillée's Zola, we are told by M. Reinach, is losing his work on “ The Positivist Movement,” the “Car- prestige in France. “ All his old disciples have l nets," written in 1863–64 by Taine (“there 1897.] 63 THE DIAL is in this small volume almost all the substance like pictures of love, and Verestschaginesque of the Origines'"), the Vicomte d'Avenel's pictures of battles alternate with pessimistic researches on “Le Mécanisme de la Vie So- reflections, passages of mystical devotion, and ciale,” Léon Say's posthumous “ Les Finances, references to the world's history.” The author, M. Block's “ Petit Dictionnaire Politique et we are told, “ is deemed by his admirers the Social,” M. Perrens's “ Les Libertins en France first lyric poet of the age,” while “ by many au XVIIme. Siècle," the tenth volume of MM. others he is regarded as one of the most gifted.' Lavisse and Rambaud's “ Histoire de France,” The most important novel of the year is Herr and endless books and memoirs relating to the Spielhagen's “ Faustulus,” a Pomeranian story, First and Second Empires. This documentary | having for its hero " a doctor transferred from literature includes the “Correspondance Iné. the over-intellectual atmosphere of a large town dite" of Merimée, the “ Correspondance ” of to a small one,” and playing therein the parts Victor Hugo, and the “ Dernièrs Mémoires of both Faust and Mephistopheles. “There des Autres," by Jules Simon. Even the real are few novels which afford the reader such a history of the Third Republic is “ beginning to feeling of æsthetic contentment through scenic emerge from the farrago of occasional publica- excellence and living characterization, of eth- tions," and is in a way summed up in the single ical satisfaction through the dramatic conse- volume of Challemel-Lacour's speeches, "a quentiality and impartial justice.” Other works manual of philosophy from which all students of fiction that have attracted considerable atten- of public affairs, whatever their country, can tion are “ Das Räthsel des Lebens,” by Herr draw equal profit.” Heyse; “ Herbstreigen," by Herr von Saar; “ The imaginative literature of Germany," “ Die Siegerin,” by Frau Clara Sudermann; says Hofrath Robert Zimmermann, " is arrayed “ Der Zauberer Cyprianus,” by Herr von under the banners of realism and symbolism. Wildenbruch ; “ Frühschein,” by Herr J. J. Its strength lies in the drama. . . . On the David ; “ Heimkehr,” by “Ossip Schubin "; other hand, lyric and narrative poetry is de- "Schleichendes Gift," by Herr Adolf Wil- clining.” The dramatic “prize juries” have brandt; “Im Chiemgau, a historical novel awarded the honors of the year to Herr Haupt- by Herr Felix Dahn; and a narrative of old mann and Herr von Wildenbruch. Probably Ratisbon, by Dr. Georg Ebers. The historical the most important work of the year is Herr literature of the year centres mainly about the Hauptmann's fairy drama, “ Die Versunkene Emperor William I., whose centenary was cele- Glocke.” Here" the writer transports himself brated in March. Professor Oncken's “Unser and his audience to the realm of fairyland; the Heldenkaiser" is an “inspired” account of the supernatural weapons, the elfs, the spirits of career of the restorer of the Empire. Herr von the water and the wood, who take part in the Strautz’s “ Illustrirte Kriegschronik ” pictures action, possess the same reality as the human the wars of 1864, 1866, and 1870. The death beings, the bell-founder Heinrich and his of the three great historians, Treitschke, Sybel, family, with whose destiny elfs and mortals and Ernst Curtius, has given a heavy blow to interfere, mingling in the play as in • A Mid- historical scholarship. historical scholarship. The quater-centenary summer Night's Dream. Other dramatic of Melanchthon's birth has also called forth a productions of the year are Herr Sudermann's considerable literature. Gottfried Keller's let- three one-act pieces called “Morituri,” Herr ters is the most important book of the year in Fulda's “The Son of the Caliph," also a sort the way of literary memoirs. There are several of fairy tale, with a Nietzschean Uebermensch noteworthy books in philosophy and æsthetics, for a hero, Herr Hirschfeld's “ Die Mutter,” among them being Alfred von Berger's volume Herr Hango's "Nausicaa," and Herr Eber- of critical essays, a monograph on the Greek mann's “ Die Athenerin.” The two works last philosophers by Herr Gompertz, a work on the mentioned are Viennese productions, deriving æsthetics of tragedy by Herr Johannes Volkelt, from Grillparzer and Münch-Bellinghausen. and Herr von Hartmann's “ Kategorienlehre,” In poetry, a new volume by Herr Detleff von which forms the tenth volume of the philoso- Liliencron, including “ Poggfred,” styled by pher's collected works. “A publication at the author “a topsy-turvy epic in twelve can- once original and symptomatic of the tendencies tos,” occupies the place of first importance. In of thought among the present generation in the this lyric-narrative work, "descriptions of na- field of literature, and more especially of the ture, sketches of moor and heath, literary out- pictorial arts, is the periodical “ Pan,” which bursts of indignation and enthusiasm, Ariosto- l is now in the second year of its existence, and 64 [Aug. 1, THE DIAL may be regarded as the organ of the modern a scientific exposition of this peculiar language; nor is school.” it ungrammatical or unscientific. It is preëminently a Greece, represented in this symposium by collection of five hundred colloquial phrases, given in practical handbook, of which one special feature is a Professor Lambros, contributes few items of both the “ familiar" and the “polite” styles of speech. interest to the year's chronicle. « The Muses This distinction is a very important one, and is also are no friends of Mars.” Dr. Kerameus has very difficult; but it is very carefully expressed and published some unedited letters of the Patriarch explained in these colloquial exercises. The commercial vocabulary is especially comprehensive and valuable. Photius from manuscripts preserved at Mt. On the whole, the book seems to be one which will Athos, and Professor Lambros has printed from prove very useful to travellers and business men in giving the same source the fables of George Ætolos, a good working knowledge of the Japanese language. a Greek author of the sixteenth century. More ERNEST W. CLEMENT. important for the history of modern Greek cul- Tokyo, July 7, 1897. ture is the following announcement: PREPARATORY ENGLISH.- A TEACHER'S “The chief event in literature is the beginning of a EXPERIENCE. project due to the generosity of a rich Greek who is (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) settled at Odessa, a former burgomaster of that town. After reading your interesting editorial on “The Gregor Maraslis has undertaken to make the Greeks Teaching of English Once More,” I am tempted to give acquainted with masterpieces of the historical, philo- a bit of my own experience in preparing pupils for col- logical, archeological, and philosophical literature of lege in English,- an experience covering fifteen years. other countries by means of the best possible translations. When I began the work, I found that by keeping my The series will be printed at Athens, and arrangements eye upon the examination likely to be set it was not a provide for the appearance of a part of one hundred and difficult task to prepare the pupils to pass “ with credit"; sixty large octave pages every month; the get-up is excel- but I soon found also that this method was not devel- lent, the price very low. From another point of view oping any literary taste or love of the study; and I con- also the collection is of interest even for foreigners, as it cluded that it would be better to give up the study en- will supply the best materials for the study of modern tirely than that such results should follow. From that Greek. Later on the yearly parts will be doubled in time I have valued the student's disposition toward his number, and the library will, in accordance with the work — his enthusiasm and love of reading — far more founder's design, also include original works, perhaps than his ability to reproduce the story of which he read. even pay attention to jurisprudence and medicine." The former I consider a much better preparation for doing the English work in college. I have been con- firmed in this opinion by the testimony of my pupils and the opinion of the best teachers of English in the COMMUNICATIONS. colleges,- Harvard, Yale, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the smaller colleges generally, JAPANESE SELF-TAUGHT. I do not imply by this that I make less of written (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) work than formerly; as a matter of fact, written work is I have already called your attention to the increasing much more frequent; but after there has been created popularity of the English language in educational and an interest in the subject this work loses its terrors and journalistic enterprises in Japan. This renewed interest is done with pleasure and profit. in that well-nigh “universal language" has arisen, of Again, when properly related to written work, as a course, from the fact that, in about two years from means and not an end, rhetoric becomes one of the most now, when the new treaties go into effect, this entire interesting of studies. Instead of having the pupil cor- Empire will be thrown wide-open. In view, therefore, rect the bad English of others, I set him to work upon of the near approach of “mixed residence,” the Japanese When I return his themebook with marginal people realize the necessity of becoming familiar with signs indicating faults of diction or construction, he is that language which will be spoken by the largest num- required to rewrite the sentence in which such errors ber of foreigners coming to, or resident in, Japan. But occur and to make a reference to the rhetoric where the mixed residence will not impose a duty on the Japanese error is discussed. This literary study, composition, alone; it will also bring upon the foreigners the neces- and rhetoric are correlated in such a way that the pupil sity of knowing more or less of the vernacular. sees at once the organic relation of one to the other. This shows to us the raison d'être of a book recently The pleasure and profit of this work, both to teacher published, under the ambitious title of “Japanese Self- and pupil, may not admit of the test by the formal Taught,” by Messrs. Kelly & Walsh, of Yokohama. examination, but it is as real as life itself, and gives to The author is a European, who has become a natural- every exercise its most enduring quality. ized Japanese, has taken a Japanese name, and has a The question which I would now ask is this: Is it not good practical knowledge of the Japanese language. | possible to order the examinations in English for en- He says in the preface: “ The book is not intended for trance to college so that the student may reveal some- learned sinologues, but for persons who, while having thing of these essentials for college work, — literary only a limited time at their disposal, desire to gain some taste and love of the subject; ability to write clear, con- insight into the construction of Japanese colloquial sen- cise, and vigorous English, which in itself is evidence of tences, and to familiarize themselves with words useful a knowledge of the principles of rhetoric ? I believe to them in their vocations without wading through an that there are many classrooms where this is being done intricate mass of confusing grammatical rules.” every day. A. J. GEORGE, The book is not, therefore, a grammatical treatise or High School, Newton, Mass., July 23, 1897. his own. 1897.] 65 THE DIAL ! framed in a ring of stones, and bearing the Tbe New Books. legend: “ KAPT. VOGELGESANG. S. S. Colum. bia. Hamburg. D. 29, 7, 1893." Much valu- ACROSS AND AROUND SPITSBERGEN.* able sentiment was bestowed on this tumulus, and the fate of the apparently ill-starred The gratification of the (to most of us) rather Vogelgesang" was duly deplored : but it was unaccountable impulse which periodically drives learned some weeks later that the monument men like Sir William Martin Conway, Mr. MacCormick, and Mr. Whymper from the was one raised to commemorate a gigantic beer- drinking bout or Kneipe enjoyed by a party of snug security of their “ain firesides” to the tourists who had come up in the big Hamburg- uttermost parts of the earth in quest of wastes unexplored and peaks unclimbed, is becoming edly,” says the narrator, “ the vulgarization of • American liner on the date given. “ Assur- a matter of some difficulty. To people with a taste for real pioneering, an up-to-date map Spitsbergen has begun.' offers a comparatively barren and perplexing islands of Spitsbergen have been pretty fre- While, however, the coasts and outlying prospect. The once vast areas which the old cartographers used to embellish with figures of quently visited and partially explored, its in- terior was, up to the date of Sir William's griffins and other then not incredible monsters have shrunk to an insignificant stretch or two expedition last summer, practically unknown. To reveal the character of this unknown in- near the Poles. Africa is no longer a Dark Continent - save in respect of the alleged terior was the main object of his journey, the expense of which was partly borne by the Royal “shadiness ” of its stock-jobbing and land- grabbing operations ; and, since Nansen, people Dr. J. W. Gregory (author of the “ Great Rift Geographical Society. With Sir William went have already begun speaking of the North Valley of Africa”), Mr. A. Trevor-Battye, and Pole in that tone which Jeffrey was charged Mr. Ě. J. Garwood, each of whom contributes with using toward the Equator. Sir William Martin Conway could hardly, results of the venture in some respects sur- a special chapter to the present work. The one would think, have been beset with an em. barrassment of riches in the way of alluring The party crossed overland from Advent Bay passed, in others fell short of, expectations. fields for exploration and adventure when he elected to go to Spitsbergen last summer. The (their base of operations) to Klok Bay, from island was not inaptly described by the sport- Žlok Bay to Sassen Bay, and from Sassen to ing member of Sir William's party as a land Agardh Bay, on the east coast, and back to Advent Bay. Thirteen mountain ascents were “ botched in the making and chucked aside made. A sketch survey of a specimen area of unfinished.” Being the most accessible of all about six hundred square miles in the heart of Arctic lands, Spitsbergen is the one that has the middle belt of the country was brought been most frequently visited. The Gulf Stream, home, besides a more rapid outline chart of the pushing its warm waters northward, melts in hills bordering Wijde Bay. In addition to the the ice-covered polar sea, an open bay extend- main cross-country expedition, a subsidiary one ing in summer to the 80th and sometimes even was made in the little touring steamer “ Ex- to the 82d parallel of north latitude. This bay forms a convenient avenue of approach to pres,” chartered for the purpose, round the Spitsbergen, which skirts, through several de coasts of Spitsbergen. The main island was (the condition of the ice proving exceptionally grees of latitude, its eastern side. The com- favorable) nearly circumnavigated, this trip parative accessibility of the island has marked thus forming the most complete voyage of it as a goal of the summer tourist. The ubi- reconnaissance ever accomplished in a single quitous “ trippers” are already carrying droves season. Almost all the great fjords that pen- of cockneys of all nations to its ice-girt shores a fact that was once brought home to our etrate Spitsbergen were entered to their heads. author and his companions in a rather amusing East Land were viewed, from Cape Platen The west, north, and south coasts of North- way. They discovered in a particularly bleak round to Cape Mohn. Landings were made and desolate spot on the coast what appeared at the Seven Islands, and Wiches Land (King to be the grave of a sailor, a lone mound Carl's Land) was closely approached. Some *THE FIRST CROSSING OF SPITSBERGEN. By Sir William six hundred photographs of all parts of Spits- Martin Conway, M. A., with contributions by J. W. Gregory, D.Sc., A. Trevor-Battye, and E. J. Garwood. Illustrated: bergen were brought back. Such were the New York: Imported by Charles Scribner's Sons. topographical results. The scientific ones, says a 66 [Aug. 1, THE DIAL 6 6 9 the author, “were more important, and will be filled the roofless wooden house and bulged out above. duly chronicled hereafter." About two months Like all balloons, when seen near at hand, it appeared in all were spent at Spitsbergen, of which time surprisingly large. It is related of a shy curate, who had sat in absolute silence throughout a dinner at the thirty-six consecutive days were employed in squire's house, that with the coming of desert he sud- the journey into the interior. More could have denly remarked, apropos of nothing, • The cuckoo is a , been accomplished had the weather been less larger bird than you'd suppose.' The same general statement I maintain to be true of balloons. They are persistently foggy, and had the party not been all larger than you would suppose. . . . No one could handicapped by their Nansen sledges. These, see Andrée and not be struck by the evident force and says the author, “while excellent for ice-work, capacity of the man. In his presence, the idea that any are the worst for boggy and stony places. wavering of intention found place in his mind was Our combination of ponies with Nansen sledges inconceivable. Pestered, as he had been for weeks, by was about the worst possible.” The practical inquisitive visitors, he seemed on the defensive, and suspicious of criticism in every question. He had been results of the journey were, however, as we told that bis scheme was in every respect impracticable. have said, on the whole satisfactory; while, They said I could not set up and inflate my balloon in adds Sir William, “even had we accomplished this place. I have set it up and inflated it. They said no exploration por added aught to scientific it would not hold the gas for a sufficient time without leakage. It has now been inflated for ten days or more, knowledge, the journey would have been worth and it does not leak. There were two little needle-point while for the mere pleasure of it.” Among the boles only, and those were easily mended. We have “ pleasures” may be reckoned, we presume, considered everything and provided against every acci- the spectacle of the vagaries of certain tourists dent, and now we are certain that, whenever the right found disporting themselves at Advent Bay; enough for me that the wind should be fr