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The Atlantic Monthly, October, 1897. FORTIETH ANNIVERSARY NUMBER. Tidal Waves in American Literature. JAMES LANE ALLEN, A study of the successive large movements in American literary Author of " A Kentucky Cardinal," production and the forces that contributed to them. "The Choir Invisible," etc. The French Mastery of Style. FERDINAND BRUNETIERE, Editor of "The Revue des Deux An explanation of the French felicity in composition. Mondes." Caleb West. I.-IV. F. HOPKINSON SMITH, A thrilling story of out-door life among light-house builders. Author of "Tom Grogan," eto. Twenty-five Years' Progress in Equatorial Africa. HENRY M. STANLEY, The unprecedented development since the explorer's first journey. Author of "In Darkest Africa." A Russian Experiment in Self-Government. GEORGE KENNAN, An explanation of a successful effort at self-government in an Asiatic Author of "Siberia and the Exile mining community : Are the Russians capable of self-government? 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AMERICAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO CIVILIZATION By MARY HARTWELL CATHERWOOD, By CHARLES W. Eliot, LL.D., Author of "The Rumance of Dollard,” etc. President of Harvard University. A STIRRING romance in which the Warrior Saint of France A COLLECTION of papers by President Eliot, devoted to “ of the life and times of the Maid of Domremy, and she has ican Democracy.' Equality in a Republic," "One Remedy reproduced the spirit of the age with fidelity and picturesque for Municipal Misgovernment, Present Disadvantages of effect. 12mo, 280 pages. With frontispiece. Cloth, $1.50. Rich Men," etc. 8vo, 300 pages. Cloth, $2.00. AN ARTIST'S LETTERS FROM JAPAN. UP THE MATTERHORN IN A BOAT. By John LA FARGE. By MARION MANVILLE POPE. MR. LA FARGE is an artist well known for his rich and AN extravaganza of an up-to-date character. Full of rol- exquisite color and for certain famous pictures and com- licking humor, and yet written in such a realistic style as positions in stained glass. Mr. La Farge's word painting is to preserve the interest throughout. 16mo, about 225 pages. as vivid as the work of his brush. In rich binding, vith the Illustrations by George Wright. Cloth back and paper sides, author's illustrations, 300 pages, $4.00. richly ornamented, $1.25. TWO NEW ISSUES IN THE “ THUMB-NAIL SERIES.” DE AMICITIA. A CHRISTMAS CAROL. By MARCUS TULLIUS CICERO. By CHARLES DICKENS. AS these Thumb-Nail books are largely used for gifts, the A NEW issue in the attractive": Thunb-Nail Series.". A present volume most appropriately consists of Cicero's dainty and appropriate form for this classic, and one that essay on Friendship. The translation is by Benjamin E. will appeal to every reader. Size, 5%2x3 inches; about 250 Smith. Size, 542 x 3 inches; about 175 pages. Colored frontis- With colored frontispiece by Charles M. Relyea. piece. Bound in full leather, richly stamped, $1.00. Bound in full leather, richly stamped, $1.00. pages. BOOKS FOR BOYS AND GIRLS. 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A Complete Panorama of the War. $1.50. Sold by all Booksellers, or sent postpaid by THE CENTURY CO., UNION SQUARE, NEW YORK. THE DLAL PRESB, CHICAGO. THE DIAL A SEMI- MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. EDITED BY FRANCIS F. BROWNE.) Volume XXIII. No. 272. 10 cts. a copy. I 315 WABASA AVE. CHICAGO, OCT. 16, 1897. $2. a year. { Charles Scribner's Sons' Newest Books. ST. IVES. The Adventures of a French Prisoner in England. By ROBERT Louis STEVENSON. 12mo, $1.50. St. Ives is a story of action and adventure in the author's most buoyant and stirring manner. One does not expect to find common- places in Stevenson, but even his most ardent admirers may well be surprised at the grim tragedy in the opening chapters of St. Ives. The delicate task of completing the few unfinished chapters from Mr. Stevenson's notes has been entrusted to Mr. Quiller-Couch, whose work begins with Chapter XXXI. SELECTED POEMS. By GEORGE MEREDITH. 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In an original binding similar to “The Sprightly Romance of Marsac." 12mo, $1.25. Miss Seawell's “Sprightly Romance of Marsac" will be remem- bered by all as one of the deftest and most entertaining stories of the past year. The author's lightness of touch is just as apparent in the present tale, a bit of pure romance whose scene shifts from Versailles to Edinburgh and Algiers. Already Published. The Sprightly Romance of Marsac. By MOLLY ELLIOT SZAWELL. Illustrated by Gustav Verbeek. 12mo, $1.25. AMERICAN NOBILITY. A Novel. By PIERRE DE COULEVAIN. 12mo, $1.50. The burning question of "international” marriages has never been so ably handled in fiction as in the present story. The novel opens with the courtebip of a rich American girl by an impecunious French marquis, and the succeeding developments, with the striking pictures of French life in the Faubourg St. Germain, at the château en province, and at the seaside, are of intense interest. THE BIBLE AND ISLAM; Or, The Influence of the Old and New Testaments on the Religion of Mohammed. (Being the Ely lect- ures for 1897.) By HENRY PRESERVED SMITH, D.D. 12mo, $1.50. A special timeliness attaches to this book, the purpose of which is to explain the tenacity of Lslam and the wonderful hold it has upon its disciples. THIS COUNTRY OF OURS. By BENJAMIN HARRISON, Ex-President of the United States. 12mo, $1.50. This is essentially a unique volume. In it General Harrison has described, so simply and directly that the most uninformed person cannot fail of enlightenment, the way in which this vast country of ours is governed. 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General Cox speaks with authoritiveness on matters connected with the civil war, and he has now produced a final summing up of the much discussed and crucial engagement at Franklin on which the March to the Sea depended, and which was the "beginning of the end " of the war. A HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN THE APOSTOLIC AGE. By ARTHUR C. McGIFFERT, D.D., Ph.D., Professor of Church History, Union Theological Seminary, New York. Crown 8vo, $2.50 net. (International Theological Library.) Dr. McGiffert has here traced luminously the tendencies and development of the Church during this most important period. His view is comprehensive and broad and he throws light upon many mootod questions in the early history of Christianity. For previous and forthcoming volumes, see complete catalogue. THE EXPRESS MESSENGER And Other Tales of the Rall. By CY WARMAN. 12mo, $1.25. Mr. Warman's new book contains a group of stories relating to the great social and industrial community that centres about the modern railway. Himself an engineer for many years and in many lands, the author writes" from the inside," and his tales of character- istic incident and adventure are told with the utmost zest and raciness. Previously Published. Tales of an Engineer. With Rhymes of the Rail. By CY WARMAN. 12mo, $1.25. ENGLISH LANDS, LETTERS, AND KINGS. The Later Georges to Queen Victoria. By DONALD G. MITCHELL. 12mo, $1.50. Mr. Mitchell continues with this volume his survey of the field of English literature. It is written with the invincible charm that characterizes everything from his pen, and his account of Byron, Scott, Landor, Southey, De Quincey, Wilson, Leigh Hunt, Hazlitt, Hallam, and so on, is as ever comprehensive in general view yot achieving its effect by its affectionate interest in characteristic detail. " CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 153-157 Fifth Avenue, New York. 202 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL THOMAS NELSON & SONS, PUBLISHERS AND IMPORTERS. The following are specially adapted for the use of educators as books for SUPPLEMENTARY READING, and among them will be found some particularly avail- able for the youngest scholars, as well as for those in more advanced grades. AUNT MARTHA'S CORNER CUPBOARD; Or, Stories about Tea, Coffee, Sugar, Rice, etc. By MARY and ELIZABETH KIRBY. With 36 Engravings. 12mo, cloth, 60 cts. Within the framework of a simple domestic story is com- pressed an entertaining and instructive account of the produc- tion of tea, coffee, etc. THE SEA AND ITS WONDERS. By Mary and ELIZABETH KIRBY. Beautifully illustrated. Small 4to, cloth extra, $1.75. A book for the young, not strictly scientific, but giving in a conversational style much varied information regarding the sea, its plants and living inhabitants, with all sorts of illus- trative engravings. THINGS IN THE FOREST. By MARY and ELIZABETH KIRBY. With frontispiece and 50 Illustrations. 18mo, cloth extra, 60 cts. A book about birds; well calculated to encourage a taste for the study of the natural history of the feathered tribes. THE WORLD BY THE FIRESIDE; Or, Pictures and Scenes from Far-off Lands. By MARY and ELIZABETH KIRBY. Small 4to, cloth extra, profusely illustrated, $1.75. A book for the young, containing in a number of short con- versational sections a great variety of geographical informa- tion, facts of natural history, and personal adventure; intended to bring the world, so full of wonders, to our own firesides. The whole is profusely illustrated. WONDERLAND; Or, Curiosities of Nature and Art. By WooD SMITH. Finely illustrated. Small 4to, cloth extra, $1.75. COOK'S VOYAGES ROUND THE WORLD. With an Introductory Life by M. B. SYNGE. New edition, beautifully illustrated. 8vo, cloth, bevelled boards, $2.00. EGYPT PAST AND PRESENT. Described and Illustrated. With a narrative of its occupation by the British, and of recent events in the Soudan. By W. H. DAVENPORT ADAMS. With 100 Illustrations and Portrait of General Gordon. New and enlarged edition. 12mo, cloth extra, $1.25. “We know of no book on Egypt so well adapted for young students as this.”—Journal of Education. THE STORIES OF THE TREES. Talks with the Children. By Mrs. W. H. Dyson, author of “Children's Flowers," " Apples and Oranges." With Illus- trations. 12mo, cloth extra, $1.25. "Thanks to Arbor-day interest, every school is concen- trating its thought to some extent upon trees. ... This vol- ume presents twenty-five varieties in an entertaining and in- structive manner.”—Journal of Education. FAIRY FRISKET; Or, Peeps at Insect Life. Beautifully illustrated. 12mo, cloth extra, 80 cts. FAIRY KNOW-A-BIT. A Nutshell of Knowledge. Beautifully illustrated. 12mo, cloth extra, 80 cts. "Fairy Know-a-Bit,” and the sequel, “Fairy Frisket," two of A. L. O. E.'s best productions, giving a great variety of information on all manner of things around us — -food, dress, paper, insect life, natural history. ACROSS GREENLAND'S ICE-FIELDS. The adventures of Nansen and Peary on the great Ice-Cap. By M. Douglas. With numerous illustrations and por traits of Fridtjof Nansen, Professor Nordenskiold, and Verhoeff. Cloth extra, 80 cts. THE CLASSICAL SERIES. Six volumes. 12mo, cloth. Beautifully illustrated by How- ARD, SCAMMELL, DORÉ, FLAXMAN, and others. Per vol., $1.25. SHAKESPEARE'S STORIES SIMPLY TOLD — Tragedies. SHAKESPEARE'S STORIES SIMPLY TOLD-Comedies. STORIES OF THE DAYS OF KING ARTHUR. THE SIEGE OF TROY AND THE WANDERINGS OF ULYSSES. CHAUCER'S STORIES SIMPLY TOLD. STORIES OF OLD ROME. STORY OF THE SPANISH ARMADA. With 17 Illustrations. 18mo, cloth extra, 60 cts. “There is no more glorious epoch in history than the one narrated in this book, and the story is well told. The engrav- ings are mostly from old and rare prints, and add to the value as well as the interest of the record."-Sunday School Times. STORIES OF THE SAGACITY OF ANIMALS. THE HORSE, AND OTHER ANIMALS. By W.H.G. KINGSTON. With 27 Illustrations by HARRISON WEIR. 12mo, cloth extra, 80 cts. Cars And Dogs. By W. H. G. KINGSTON. With 27 Illus- trations by HARRISON WEIR. 12mo, cloth extra, 80 cts. Stories about animals, told in an easy and graphic style, with a moral to each anecdote. SHAKESPEARE'S DRAMATIC WORKS. With explanatory notes, historical and critical illustrations, contemporary allusions, a copious glossary, biographical sketch, and indexes by FRANK HOWARD. 2 vols., 12mo, cloth, $2.50. 2 vols., 12mo, Roxburgh, $4.00. WANDERINGS IN SOUTH AMERICA, ETC. By CHARLES WATERTON. With 16 illustrations. 8vo, cloth extra, $2.00. " It possesses decided interest.”—The Congregationalist. MEN WHO WIN; Or, Making Things Happen. Uniform with “ Women Who Win." 8vo, extra cloth, $1.25. “Men Who Win," and its companion volume, “ Women Who Win," are written in Mr. Thayer's most graphic style, and form a series of very delightful biographies. WOMEN WHO WIN; Or, Making Things Happen. Uniform with "Men Who Win.” 8vo, extra cloth, $1.25. A complete list of Educational Books, just issued, sent on application. THOMAS NELSON & SONS, 33 East 17th Street, New York. 1897.) 203 THE DIAL NEW YORK: 27 West 230 St. G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS LONDON: 24 Bedford St., Strand LITERATURE. HISTORY. THE LITERARY HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN HISTORY OF ANCIENT PEOPLES. REVOLUTION, 1763-1783. By Willis BOUGHTON, A.M., Professor of English By Moses Coit TYLER, Professor of American Litera- Literature, Ohio University. With 110 illustrations and ture in Cornell University, author of "American Lit- 6 maps. 8vo, $2.00. erature During the Colonial Time." Two vols., 8vo, “The book is an admirable summary of a considerable body of literature."- New York Tribune. gilt tops, sold separately, each $3.00. "The whole subject is treated in a learned, yet entertaining Vol. I.-1763-1776. Vol. II.—1776-1783. manner."- Connecticul School Journal. " Professor Tyler's newest work is rich, stimulating, inform- "The work is based on a thorough consultation of the best and ing, and delightful. And it is not only fascinating itself, but it most recent authorities. "-Review of Reviews. is a luminous guide into the whole abundant, varied, and allur. “The evidence of care and of general integrity of work is upon ing field of our Revolutionary literature : poetry, belles-lettres, biography, history, travel, and crackling controversy."— GEORGE every page."- JAMES H. CANFIELD, President of the Ohio State W. CABLE, in Current Literature. University. AMERICAN LITERATURE, 1607-1885. THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MOD- By Prof. CHARLES F. RICHARDSON, of Dartmouth Col- ERN EUROPE, 1815-1880. lege. Two vols., 8vo, $6.00. Part I.- The Develop- From the Congress of Vienna to the Present Time. By ment of American Thought. Part II.-American Poetry CHARLES M. ANDREWS, Associate Professor of History and Fiction. Popular edition, two volumes in one, half in Bryn Mawr College. To be completed in two volumes. bound, 8vo, $3.50. Sold separately. With maps. 8vo, gilt tops, each $2.50. “It is the most thoughtful and suggestive work on American PART I.- From 1815 to 1850. Literature that has been published." – Boston Globe. Part II.- From 1850 to the Present Time. (Nearly THE LITERARY MOVEMENT IN FRANCE Ready.) “The historical method employed by Professor Andrews ren- DURING THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. ders his book of especial value to the general reader, upon whom By GEORGES PELLISSIER. Translated, with a critical technicalities are worse than wasted. It is at the same time Introduction, by ANNE GARRISON BRINTON. 8vo, $3.50. accurate and scholarly, and will be a most valuable addition to the "The author traces from their origin the causes of the triumph historical literature of our century." – New York Evangelist. and decline of conflicting theories, and outlines with admirable artistic skill the course of French Literature in the nineteenth HEROES OF THE NATIONS SERIES. century. ... The publication of the book at this time may be New Issues. Fully illustrated, large 12mo; each, cloth, considered as exceedingly timely."- New York Sun. $1.50; half leather, gilt tops, $1.75. No. 20. Hannibal, Soldier, Statesman, Patriot, ORATORY. and the Crisis of the Struggle between THE OCCASIONAL ADDRESS. Carthage and Rome. By W. O'CONNOR Its Literature and Composition ; A Study in Demonstra- MORRIS, author of "Napoleon," etc. tive Oratory. By LORENZO SEARS, L.H.D., Professor No. 21. Ulysses S. Grant, and the Period of Na- in Brown University, author of "A History of Oratory," tional Preservation and Reconstruction, etc. 12mo, $1.25. 1822-1885. By Col. WILLIAM CONANT " This book is full of very valuable suggestions and interesting facts, and it can be studied with great profit by lawyers, teachers, CHURCH, author of “Life of Ericsson." clergymen and others who ought to be able to acquit themselves No. 22. Robert E. Lee, and the Southern Confed. with credit in the occasional address,' but who rarely do."- eracy, 1807-1870. By Professor HENRY Rochester Union and advertiser. ALEXANDER WHITE of the Washington and A HISTORY OF ORATORY AND ORATORS. Lee University. A Study of the Influence of Oratory on Politics and No. 23. The Cid Campeador; or, The Waning of Literature. With examples from the lives of the famous the Crescent in the West. By H. BUTLER orators of the world's history. By HENRY HARDWICKE, member of the New York Bar. 8vo, $3.00. CLARKE, Fellow of St. John's College, “It is both an instructive and an entertaining book."-Chicago Oxford. Inter Ocean. THE STORY OF THE NATIONS. ECONOMICS. Recent Issues. Illustrated. Large 12mo, cloth, each An Account of the Relations between Private Property $1.50; half leather, gilt tops, $1.75. and Public Welfare. By ARTHUR TWINING HADLEY, No. 47. The Story of Canada. By J. G. BOURINOT. Professor of Political Economy in Yale University. No. 48. The Story of British Rule in India. By 8vo, $2.50. R. W. FRAZER. The work is now used in classes in Yale, Princeton, Amherst, Dartmouth, Bowdoin, Vanderbilt, University SOCIAL ENGLAND. of Oregon, etc. “ The author has done his work splendidly. He is clear, pre- A History of Social Life in England. A Record of the cise, and thorough. No other book has given an equally Progress of the People in Religion, Laws, Learning, compact and intelligible interpretation."-American Journal of Arts, Science, Literature, Industry, Commerce, and Sociology. Manners, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. By Various Writers. Edited by H. D. TRAILL, D.C.L. LITTLE JOURNEYS Now completed in six volumes. Large 8vo, sold sepa- To the Homes of Famous Women. Being the series for rately. Price, per volume, $3.50 net. 1897. Printed on deckel-edged paper, and bound in one Vol. I. From the Earliest Times to the Accession of Edward I. -Vol. II. From the Accession of Edward I. to the Death of volume, with portraits. 16mo, gilt top, $1.75. Henry VII. -Vol. III. From the Accession of Henry VIII. to the Uniform with the above : Death of Elizabeth.-Vol. IV. From the Accession of James I. Little Journeys to the Homes of Good Men and to the Death of Anne.- Vol. V. From the Accession of George I. Great. to the Battle of Waterloo.-Vol. VI. From the Battle of Water- Little Journeys to the Homes of American loo to the General Election of 1885. Authors. “The history of social England is a stupendous undertaking, and Mr. Traill has realized his heavy responsibilities."-London The 3 vols., as a set, in a box, $5.25. Times. Notes on New Books, a quarterly Bulletin; list of Autumn Announcements; circulars of the “Story” and “ Heroes of the Nations "; list of Successful Fiction, etc., will be sent on application. 204 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL New Clarendon Press Publications. New York, HAVE JUST PUBLISHED: A POSTHUMOUS BOOK BY H. A. TAINE. JOURNEYS THROUGH FRANCE. Being Impressions of the Provinces. Ill'd Library Edition. 12mo, $2.50. Chaucerian and Other Pieces. “He takes his readers all over France, from Brittany, with its Catholic peasantry, to the North with its calm Flemish population . Edited from numerous manuscripts by the Rev. 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This volume contains the following seven books : The Aryan Par- Edited, with Introduction and Analytical Table, by JOHN ent Nation, Aryans and Semites, Emigration of the Aryans, HENRY BRIDGES, Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, The Wandering, The Second Home, Origin of the European Sometime Fellow of Oriel College. 8vo, cloth, 2 vols., Nations, Difference of the European Nations. beveled boards, $8.00. *RAMBEAU and PASSY'S Chrestomathie Fran- Sources for Greek History çaise. A reader with phonetic transcriptions, and an introduction on the phonetic method. 8vo, xxv.+ 250 pp., Between the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars. $1.50 net. Collected and Arranged by G. F. HILL, M.A., of the British * KINGSLEY'S Comparative Zoölogy. 12mo, 357 pp., Museum. 8vo, cloth, $2.60. $1.20 net. The Blazon of Episcopacy. * RANDOLPH'S Laboratory Biology. 16mo, 163 pp., 80 cts. net. Being the Arms borne by or attributed to the Archbishops * KEIGWIN'S Elements of Geometry, 12mo, 227 pp., and Bishops of England and Wales. With an Ordinary of the Coats described and of other Episcopal Arms, by the $1.00 net. Rev. W. K. RILAND BEDFORD, M.A., Brasenose College. * WENLEY'S Outline of Kant's Critique. 16mo, Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged. With one thou- 95 pp., 75 cts. net. sand Illustrations. Small 4to, buckram, $10.00. * HALL and BERGEN'S Physics. New and Enlarged Edition. 596 pp., $1.25 net. Registrum Sacrum Anglicanum. of Books marked * (Educational or Miscellaneous Catalogues) An Attempt to Exhibit the Course of Episcopal Succession in can be had at Henry Hol & Co.'s Chicago Branch, 378 Wabash Ave. England from the Records and Chronicles of the Church. By WILLIAM STUBBS, Bishop of Oxford. Second Edition, Shakespeare's Complete Works. with an Appendix of Indian, Colonial, and Missionary Con- secrations, collected and arranged by E. E. HOLMES, Hon- Harvard Edition. orary Canon of Christ Church. Small 4to, backram, $2.60. By HENRY N. HUDSON, LL.D. In Twenty Volumes, 12mo, Chapters of Early English Church History. two plays in each volume. Retail price : Cloth, $25.00; half calf, $55.00. Also in Ten Volumes, of four plays each. By WILLIAM BRIGHT, D.D., Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History and Canon of Christ Church, Oxford. Third Edi- Retail price : Cloth, $20.00; half calf, $40.00. tion, Revised and Enlarged. With a Map. 8vo, cloth, This is preëminently the edition for libraries, students, and general $3.00. readers. The type, paper, and binding are attractive and superior, and the introduction and notes represent the editor's ripest thought. An Introduction to the History of the Hudson's Expurgated Shakespeare. Law of Real Property, With Original Authorities. By KENELM EDWARD DIGBY, For Schools, Clubs, and Families. Revised and enlarged M.A., Permanent Under Secretary of State for the Home Editions of twenty-three Plays. Carefully expurgated, Department, assisted by WILLIAM MONTAGU HARRISON, with explanatory Notes at the bottom of the page, and M.A., of Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-at-Law. Fifth Edition. Critical Notes at end of each volume. By H. N. HUDSON, 8vo, cloth, $3.00. LL.D., Editor of The Harvard Shakespeare. One play in The Newly Discovered Logia, or each volume. Square 16mo. Varying in size from 128-253 Sayings of Our Lord. pages. Mailing price of each : Cloth, 50 cts.; Paper, 35 cts. From an early Greek Papyrus. Discovered and Edited, with Introduction Price : Cloth, 45 ots.; Paper, 30 cts. Per set Translation and Commentary, by BERNARD P. GRENFELL, (in Box), $12.00. (To Teachers, $10.00.) M.A., and ARTHUR S. HUNT, M.A. With two Collotype Some of the special features of this edition are the convenient size Plates. Stiff covers, 50 cts. With two Process Reproduc- and shape of the volumes; the clear type, superior presswork, and tions, paper covers, 15 cts. attractive binding; the ample introductions ; the explanatory notes, easily found at the foot of the page; the critical notes for special For sale by all Booksellers. Send for Catalogue. study; the judicious oxpurgation, never mangling either style or story; the acute and sympathetic criticism that has come to be associated with OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS. Dr. Hudson's name; and, finally, the reasonableness of the price. AMERICAN BRANCH : BOSTON. GINN & COMPANY 378 Wabash Ave. CHICAGO: 91 & 93 Fifth Avenue, New YORK CITY. NEW YORK. 1897.] 205 THE DIAL FALL ANNOUNCEMENTS. “ 'STUDENTS' EDITIONS' OF FAMOUS BOOKS THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING CO. PUBLISHED BY HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & Co. THE ILIAD OF HOMER. Translated into English Blank Verse by WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT. Crown 8vo, $1.00 net. THE ODYSSEY OF HOMER. 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Delicate Colored Illustrations by famous Japanese Artists. Price, 75 cts. Says COUNT TOLSTOI, who translated the story into Russian, and hence passed as its author : "I deeply regret not only that such a falsehood was allowed to pass unchallenged, but also the fact that it really was a falsehood, for I should be very happy were I the author of this tale. : .. It is one of the best products of national wisdom and ought to be bequeathed to all mankind." NIRVANA. A Companion Story to “Karma." By Dr. Paul Carus. Also illus trated by Japanese artists in Japanese style, on crêpe paper, $1.00. DARWIN AND AFTER DARWIN. AN EXPOSITION OF THE DARWINIAN THEORY, AND A DISCUB- SION OF POST-DARWINIAN QUESTIONS. By the late GEORGE JOHN ROMANES, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., Honorary Fellow of Gon- ville and Caius College. Cambridge. PART III. POST-DARWIN. IAN QUESTIONS. ISOLATION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL SELEC- TION. Pages 181. 8vo. Price $1.00. With Portrait of Mr. G.T.Gulick. “The best single volume (Part I.) on the general subject that has appeared since Darwin's time."- American Naturalist. BUDDHISM AND ITS CHRISTIAN CRITICS, By DR. PAUL CARUS. 8vo. Pages, about 300. Price, $1.25. POPULAR SCIE NTIFIC LECTURES. By ERNST MACH, Professor in the University of Vienna. Second Edition, revised and greatly enlarged. 8vo. Pages 380. 48 cuts. Price $1.00 net. " Has scarcely a rival in the whole realm of popular scientific writ- ."- Boston Traveller. MARTIN LUTHER. By GUSTAV FREYTAG. 8vo. Pp. 133. Paper covers ; “Religion of Science Library” edition. Price, 25 cts. Illustrated Cloth Edition, large 8vo. $1.00. "Gustav Freytag has made the history of the great reformer as interesting as a novel."- New Orleans Picayune. THE MONIST (A Quarterly Magazine). Devoted to the Philosophy of Science. CONTENTS FOR OCTOBER. THE REALITIES OF EXPERIENCE. By Prof. C. Lloyd Morgan, Bristol, England. ON ISOLATION IN ORGANIC EVOLUTION. 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THE DIAL NEW BOOKS PUBLISHED BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY ALFRED, Just Ready. LORD TENNYSON. A Memoir, by his Son. This important work, upon which Hallam, Lord Tennyson has been engaged for some years, and which is comprised in two volumes of over 500 pages each, contains a large number of hitherto unpublished poems, and many letters written and received by Lord Tennyson. There are also several chapters of Personal Recol- With lections by friends of the Poet, such as Dr. JOWETT, Medium the DUKE OF ARGYLL, the late EARL OF SELBORNE, Numerous Mr. LECKY, Mr. F. T. PALGRAVE, Professor TYNDALL, Octavo. Portraits Professor LUSHINGTON, Mr. AUBREY DE VERE, etc. Price, and other There are about twenty full-page Portraits and other $10.00 Illustrations, engraved after pictures by RICHARD Illustrations. DOYLE, Mrs. ALLINGHAM, SAMUEL LAWRENCE, G. F. net. Watts, R.A., etc. Other Works of Biographical Importance. THE STORY OF GLADSTONE'S LIFE. 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The Relation between the Establishment of Christianity in Europe and the Social Question. By Prof. HENRY SPENCER Nash, Cambridge, Mass. Cloth, $1.50. "Perhaps not since the publication of Kidd's volume has a more genuinely popular sociological work appeared."-The Outlook. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, No. 66 Fifth Avenue, New York. THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. PAGE . C THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage THE CHICAGO PUBLIC LIBRARY. prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must The four great libraries of Chicago have be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the gained for this city of late years the reputa- current number. REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and tion of being the chief treasure-bouse of books for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; for public use in the United States. The and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished statistics of the large collections in the Public on application. All communications should be addressed to THE DIAL, 315 Wabash Ave., Chicago, Library and the University Library, and of the magnificent endowments of the Newberry No. 272. OCTOBER 16, 1897. Vol. XXIII. and Crerar Libraries, have been published abroad, and made many students wish that they had access to such vast stores of printed CONTENTS. material. This has, however, been distinctly a case of distance lending enchantment to the THE CHICAGO PUBLIC LIBRARY .. 207 view; for those who have actually sought to WHEN DOCTORS DISAGREE. William Edward pursue their studies in the Chicago collections Simonds . 209 have had a tale of their own to tell widely at variance with the preconceptions of the out- COMMUNICATIONS 210 sider. They have learned from sad experience Mr. Grant Allen and College Education. Edgar Johnson Goodspeed. that the library advantages of Chicago were Scientific Work in Rhetoric. Willard C. Gore. mostly advantages in posse, and that many a A Text from Text-Books. Tuley Francis Hunt- less famous library centre offered opportuni- ington. ties of greater practical value. The Univer, THE TENNYSON MEMOIRS. E. G. J. 212 sity Library, even by those who could get access to it, was found to be a great mass of THE FOUNDATIONS OF KNOWLEDGE. Frank undigested material, the contents of which no Chapman Sharp 215 one seemed to know with any degree of exact- TAE STUDY OF ENGLISH WORDS. Margaret ness. The Newberry Library was found to be Cooper McGiffert 217 housed in a magnificent building, but in itself ESSAYS ON MAN AND DESTINY. Frederick a meagre and unsymmetrical collection, strong Start 218 in books for show, and in two or three of the many departments of knowledge, but so RECENT STUDIES IN EDUCATION. Hiram M. crippled by its extravagant expenditure for Stanley 319 Mrs. Alling-Aber's An Experiment in Education. - building purposes as to be debarred forever Hughes's Froebel's Educational Laws. – Baldwin's from the power to increase its stores at any- School Management and School Methods. - Tarver's thing like the rate which its original endow- Some Observations of a Foster Parent. – Mrs. Clag- ment would have seemed to warrant. The horn's College Training for Women. Crerar Library was found to be but a begin- BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS . 220 ning, of interest only to students of science, English history down to date. – A continuation of and inaugurated upon a plan which, although the literary history of the Revolution. - English wise and full of promise for the future, could poetry and English thought.- Studies of crime and offer little for the needs of the present investi- criminals. - The England of Shakespeare's day. – The right kind of Nature-studies for children. – A gator. The Public Library, finally, although masterpiece of bird literature.—The Spanish Missions in possession of the most generally useful col- of California. — The study of English lyric poetry. — lection of books, was so cramped for space, and Hannibal as the hero of a nation. so ill equipped for the purposes of the student, BRIEFER MENTION. 224 that it was simply impossible to make any seri- ous use of its resources. LITERARY NOTES 224 A way of escape from this rather cheerless LIST OF NEW BOOKS 225 condition of affairs has at last been provided . . . . . . . 208 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL - by the completion of the Public Library build-late Dr. Poole, and it is a happy eventuation ing, which is now ready for use, and which was that has made the Library which he organized formally dedicated to the public a few days ago, the best existing exemplification of the ideas on the twenty-sixth anniversary of the Great for which he so insistently contended. Fire. As far as one, at least, of the four libra- The history of this Library is familiar to all ries of Chicago is concerned, promise has who are Chicagoans, and to many who are not. become fulfilment, and the student may enter We need not retell at any length how it sprang into his long-awaited heritage of opportunity from the ruins of the burned city, how the grace- Within the walls of this building there are now ful act of Thomas Hughes provided a nucleus gathered a quarter of a million volumes, repre- for the collection, how the books were for a senting all the departments of literature; and time stored in a disused water-tank, how an every conceivable means for the facilitation of emergency law for the establishment of public their use, whether by the casual reader or the libraries was passed by the Illinois Legisla- serious student, has been provided by the lib- ture, how the services of the greatest of Amer. erality of a City Council which, whatever its ican librarians were secured, how the books shortcomings, has nearly always been willing grew in number and have sojourned in three to make appropriations commensurate with the sets of temporary quarters before finding their needs of the institution, and may be trusted permanent home, or how the support of the to provide as adequate support in the future public, at first somewhat grudgingly given to as it has provided in the past. Chicago has the enterprise, has grown steadily more and nothing more entirely creditable to show the more cordial and generous, until there is at last stranger than this Library, and may point to upon all hands abundant evidence that the city it with just pride as an evidence that the - not of the few, but of the masses is thor- higher needs of civilization have not been lost oughly in sympathy with the aims of the insti- sight of amid all the jostling material interests tution, and determined to keep it in the front of the community. rank of public collections of books. All of The Chicago building is one of the three these things are an old story; but what is per- costliest structures devoted to library purposes haps not generally understood outside of Chi- in the United States. The two millions of cago is the wise policy by which the directors of dollars expended upon it have brought their the institution have kept it all the time in close full architectural and decorative equivalent, touch with all ages and conditions of readers. and if the buildings at Washington and Boston While it has never catered to the tastes of de. have cost more money it may safely be said that praved or vicious persons, it has to a consid- neither of them represents an expenditure as erable extent supplied the public with what it judicious, or applied as closely to the special wants rather than what in the minds of superior purposes for which a library building should be persons it ought to want. This delicate ques- designed. When such a building is to be tion is necessarily one of degree. The aim of erected, there is always a conflict between two a library should be, first, to attract readers, theories. One of these theories is held by because the reading habit is a good thing in architects; the other by professional librarians. itself, and, second, to improve the tastes of It is unnecessary to say which of these theories readers, not by forcing culture upon them, but is right, and which wrong, and it is pleasant to by leading them in the direction of culture state that the right theory has prevailed in the without their being conscious of the guidance. plans of the Chicago edifice. In consequence The extent to which this aim has been realized of the above fact, this latest of great library is best shown by the simple statement that the buildings is not a pile of masonry built for percentage of fiction among the books read is external show, nor is it a gallery for the exhi- only about one-half what it was in the early bition of pictured and sculptured masterpieces. days of the Library. And it must be remem- It is simply a dignified structure, somewhat bered that this statement concerns the institu- severe in design, provided with decorative tion which has a larger home circulation than adornments that please the eye but do not tend any other public library in the world. So to attract gaping throngs of visitors who care remarkable a degree of practical usefulness is nothing for books and only get in the way of accounted for by the system of delivery stations the quiet student. The theory that library scattered all over the city, which bring the books buildings should be planned for library pur- within easy reach of every household. It is by poses never had a stouter champion than the such methods and policies that the Chicago 1897.] 209 THE DIAL a 66 Public Library has won its place in the affec- and foundries there is melting with fervent heat; tions of a vast community, and has set an ex- and thunder of ponderous hammers, before steel ample that the rest of the country may profit- plates can be riveted or iron girders be trussed into ably follow. We may almost say that it has place. With heat and explosion has man wrought fol red the example, for the Illinois Library his way through the perplexities of speculation and Act has furnished a model for similar legisla- criticism his judgments will evolve as they have science : is it not to be expected that in literary tion in many other States, and the city which already evolved in philosophy and dogma? Let chiefly illustrates the direct operation of that literary partisans have their say, and let no one in act has long been one of the principal foci of the court be shocked that counsel grows emphatic. ideas about library management — made so in The jury is intelligent, albeit slow; the judge is large degree by the fact that it was for twenty qualified to try the case ; in the end, verdict and years the home of William Frederick Poole. judgment will be found in accordance with the law; there will be no exceptions and no appeal. In plain words, why shun controversy? - is there any disposition so to do? Oh, yes, Mr. Mealy- mouth dreads discussion. He is so modest that he WHEN DOCTORS DISAGREE. jumps if someone contradicts him, and straightway “Now who shall arbitrate ? sees the object in his vision from his opponent's Ten men love what I hate, view.point. Rarely does he hazard a downright Shun what I follow, slight what I receive; affirmation: “I think,” or “it seems to me,” or Ten, who in ears and eyes Match me: we all surmise, me judice,” or now possibly this is so." There They this thing, and I that: whom shall my are some who repeat the same expressions, not soul believe?” because of diffidence, but because of affectation. Well may the general student ask this same Neither they nor Mr. Mealymouth can be accounted pertinent question when he finds himself, as he cer- helpers of mankind. The cry is for authority, tainly will if he reads the critics, fairly in confusion which means knowledge, more of knowledge than amid the various opposing dicta on current expres- the general; not absolute, but approximating, ap- sion in thought and literature. The poet finds an proaching the truth. What the world demands of answer to his searching inquiry in the suggestion, the scholar is, not what he thinks he thinks, but “Let age speak the truth and give us peace at what he thinks he knows. Gradually, honestly, last!” To be sure, it is within the realm of ethics inevitably, the world ponders, weighs his dictum. and psychology that Rabbi Ben Ezra leads the The thinking world will fix its value - in time. young disciple thus afield; but is it any the less There is, however, an old distinction not yet to true that in the domain of logic and ästhetics the be ignored : the distinction between opinion and same theory should be applied, the same principle conviction. The scientists discriminate better than be dominant? A series of articles appearing in the critics; perhaps in the nature of materials it is a prominent magazine, which, under the general easier for the former so to do. “ What is your title “ Revaluations of Literature,” open afresh the opinion with reference to thought transference?' discussion of reputations and estimates commonly asked an inquirer of Doctor Bose, the Hindoo scien- looked upon as established and unimpeachable, sug- tist. “I must decline to express it. There is no gests the necessity of a general verification of our experimental basis upon which to make a satisfac- positions concerning the classics of a generation tory statement,” was the reply. Signor Marconi, ” ago, with the entire propriety of an occasional “ the electrician, was asked if he believed that in a valuation” of the sages and prophets of the imme- certain experiment waves of energy were actually diate past. Concerning the fallibility of contem- sent through a hill. “ That is my present belief, porary judgment, all remark is trite; we long ago but I do not wish to state it as a fact. I am not admitted that age is the only certain test - although certain," was his answer. Which might lead one there is a natural impatience of the event. Very to assert that the scholar's attitude is that of learner good, meanwhile let those who assume authority as well as teacher, always; and, furthermore, that speak: amid the various voices the tones of truth because the scholar thinks a thing is so, his thought will eventually be recognized; criticism is progres- does not make it so ; nor will his wish that a certain sive, and literary discussions supply the process by thing be true, of itself make his theory a fact. which the world's judgment will finally be evolved. The literary world has made some progress in its Contemporary criticism may be correct, it may be ability to deal with candor and to reason temper- wrong; but age will speak the truth, posterity will ately on differences of moment. 6 What an over- know. worn and bed-ridden argument is this ! the last Debate, discussion, controversy, - such has been refuge ever of old falsehood . . . this was the plea the habit of human thought, and thus have the great of Judaism and idolatry against Christ and his institutions of humanity been developed. There is Apostles . . . these rotten principles,” etc. Thus blasting in the quarry before the granite blocks can John Milton, in one of those mild confutations and be piled up to build the capitol. In rolling-mills animadversions wherein seventeenth-century schol- > : re- - - a . 210 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL arship delighted. And yet, in that age of intoler- from one who had submitted to extreme tests in the ance, as in other ages when the fires have burned school of experience and adversity. “Gin I thocht more fiercely, it is not difficult now to see that the Papistry a fause thing, which I do, I wadna scruple fiery tongues that shot out and over and around to say sae in sic terms as were consistent wi' gude were but the writhings of a single blaze, tongues of manners, and wi' charity and humility of heart. But one great surging flame, of that purifying fire that I wad ca’ nae man a leear!” If such amenity can tries the truth. They leaped a myriad ways, they be conceived as tempering theological debate, is it divided, they flashed, they stung; yet out of the too much to hope for human nature that this genial flame walked Truth, unbarmed, triumphant. spirit may pervade the field of criticism? Of course, to-day such burnings are incongruous WILLIAM EDWARD SIMONDS. and ought to be impossible; yet there are occasions when the literary controversialist needs to be re- minded sharply that tolerance and calmness are not so much virtues as evidences of common sense; and COMMUNICATIONS. that gentlemen in debate allow intelligence and some freedom in deduction, even, to honorable MR. GRANT ALLEN AND COLLEGE EDUCATION. opponents who have had the floor. Because he (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) knows, or thinks he knows, the scholar need not The " Cosmopolitan” for October prosecutes Mr. expect everyone else to know in the self-same way; Walker's holy war against existing educational methods still less need he expect praise from all quarters and ideals, in somewhat bewildering fashion. It is not because he has published his knowledge to the world. very hazardous to predict that many thoughtful readers The scholar, then, must keep his heart sweet and of Mr. Grant Allen's article will draw from Mr. Allen's happy; this is the great lesson, the hardest lesson facts conclusions by no means identical with his. Mr. of all. To be right, and not to lose one's temper; Allen is eager to see boys dispatched to foreign lands, to teach truth, and not turn cynic when the world to seek their education in travel, and gives a glowing account of the stimulus he himself received from such does n't see it that way. Ruskin said of Albert an experience. Just such an educational experiment as Dürer, that someone found fault with his engraving. Mr. Allen suggests occurs to me; and it will illustrate The artist replied, “ It can't be better done” Mr. Allen's theory perhaps quite as well as his own “ but,” adds Ruskin, “ he did n't get huffy !” We experience does. The subject of it, a young man of wish the same statement might be true, by the way, eighteen, informed me in our second talk that he had concerning our vigorous and autocratic essayist spent much of the previous year at a small place in Italy, himself. Who can read without amusement the adding, with evident reluctance at its obscurity, that it trenchant footnotes with which Ruskin has peppered was called Verona: he supposed I had never heard of it. Perhaps this will be thought an extreme case to cite the pages of his earlier writings in the Brantwood edition of his works! Here is a good example of against Mr. Allen's theory of the educational sufficiency of travel; but it seems much more in point for the article modern testiness, somewhat in the old Miltonic style, in question than Mr. Allen's own experience, which is which we find attached to a paragraph in “Stones there cited. Mr. Allen came to his travels, as he him- of Venice,” with reference to the architecture of self says, after years of bondage to the existing educa- Verona: “Alas, the noblest example of it, Fra tional system, and found historic scenes inexpressibly Giocondo's exquisite loggia, has been daubed and rich in significance and interest, and full of delightful damned, by the modern restorer, into a caricature stimulus. Are we therefore to conclude with Mr. Allen worse than a Christmas clown's. The exquisite that his early servitude to Latin and Greek was a lament- colors of the Renaissance fresco, pure as rose-leaves able blunder? Does not Mr. Allen's story rather seem and dark laurel — the modern Italian decorator a telling vindication of the value of just such studies, while his testimony is not less noteworthy for being thinks sporco,' and replaces by buff-color of oil- unintentional ? cloth, and Prussian green - spluttering his gold We should doubtless strive to view the attitude - or about wherever the devil prompts him, to enrich the may we say the pose ? — of the “ Cosmopolitan " as the whole.” Yet this is not so much humor as irasci- iconoclast in education, unprejudiced by other phases of bility, and would hardly do, even for John Ruskin, its work. Yet it seems hardly accidental that the mag- did we not consider the sensitiveness and impatience azine which sometimes is on the verge of advocating of old age. Since the days of the great essayists educational nihilism is the one which lately outraged and reviewers — who, by the way, won their title its readers by thrusting before them photographic repre- because of something more than mere arrogance sentations of the distorted corpses of a battlefield, and of which just now illustrates its superiority to traditional style - an “intelligent public" has not cared much methods by spelling the divine immanence without an a. for that sort of thing. The critic is clearly right in EDGAR JOHNSON GOODSPEED. giving forcible expression to his mind; but it is quite University of Chicago, Oct. 5, 1897. essential that he have a mind of some weight to ex- press, and that he utter his convictions with becom- SCIENTIFIC WORK IN RHETORIC. ing respect for the convictions of those who differ. (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) In the pages of “The Ettrick Shepherd ” one may The communication entitled “ The Lack of Scientific find this happy picture of the scholar asserting his Work in Rhetoric,” which appeared in THE DIAL for own authority — all the more admirable as coming | September 16, left unsaid, it seems to me, some things. 1897.] 211 THE DIAL that are pertinent to the subject under discussion. rhetorical theory, it may be well to seek out and try There are, doubtless, few who would take exception to to further those tendencies which have begun to shape your contributor's arraignment of much that passes cur- things anew for the better. WILLARD C. GORE. rent in our schools and colleges as the science of rhetoric, Riverside, Ii., Oct. 1897. - the lifeless and deadening applications of an outworn philosophy, formulas whose chief virtue is, perhaps, that A TEXT FROM TEXT-BOOKS. they are furthest removed from anything that could be called “ rhetorical” in an objectionable sense; or, on the (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) other hand, the more or less unpremeditated effusions It has been my fortune, as a teacher in a secondary that rest on no conscious philosophy at all. There can school of some prominence, to receive from a dozen or be no question as to the present vital need of a rhetoric more competing publishers a variety of editions of the whose methods shall be the methods of modern scientific English classics that are now required for admission to investigation, and whose relations to the kindred social most American colleges. As fast as I have received these books I have placed them side by side in my and psychological sciences shall be made explicit. But it does behoove us, when we have arrived at this view library, until they now fill two or three shelves. In of the situation, to look about us with some concern to their motley array they present anything but a uniform see whether there are any tendencies at work pressing printed on all sorts of paper , and their original portions appearance. They are bound in all sorts of colors, forward in the right direction and only waiting for due written in all sorts of styles, – that is, when they are encouragement. written at all, for some of them do not seem even to If the colleges are largely responsible for the unfruit- ful condition of rhetoric to-day - and this seems to be have been written, but simply put together. And while the the charge of the writer of the communication – it is of their editors are as varied as the colors in ways which the books themselves are bound, in one respect surely to them that we must look for aid, provided it is not unwarrantable to assume that they are endowed they are very much alike. Nearly all of them have a with a sense of moral responsibility. Upon them rests remarkable tendency (which they in nowise overcome) to fill their books with masses of unassimilated material the obligation of answering for the kind of rhetoric they with introductions which do not introduce, with notes have been teaching and are teaching, when called to account. And the obligation is already being faced in which do not explain, and with suggestions which do the graduate departments of some of the larger univer- not suggest. On the whole, these books, while they sities in a scientific way, as in the case of the University evidence the general awakening of interest in the study of Michigan, the first to offer graduate courses in rhe- of English, appear also to emphasise the maze of meth- ods in which we are just now floundering. toric, where for some years past graduate research work has been carried on with reference to various It has seemed to me that many of the sins commit- problems in rhetoric, involving the social sciences on the ted in these books may be laid to the fact that most of one side, and the laboratory methods of experimental them are edited by men who have had no actual con- psychology on the other. Just how far such researches tact with secondary school work. Having taught in both as these have gone toward making for a truly scientific college and high school, I maintain that it is not a suffi- theory of rhetoric, it is difficult to say, because of the cient qualification for a text-book editor merely to have observed “carefully the needs of students who present absence of any organ of communication between groups themselves for admission to college," as one prospectus of investigators. It is one of the paradoxes of history that the science which is concerned primarily with com- puts it, but that some teaching experience in either the munication, with the economics of the exchange and high school or the academy is essential to an apprecia- transportation of spiritual commodities, should have no tion of the real needs of the secondary school student. I am further convinced of this when I observe one col- organ of communication itself, no common carrier. This lack of a suitable medium of publication is enough to lege editor quoting in the introduction to his book some- make one think that “the science of rhetoric is fifty to thing like fifty pages of critical comment on his author and work, the most of which is bound to prove dry and a hundred behind economics and psychology." It years explains, in a measure, why “the work of each writer hard reading for the average high-school student, and is generally unadvantageously individual in some re- another printing more than one hundred pages of notes to less than half that number of text. spects — each author usually attempting to cover the A third, who whole field of the subject"; for such a state of affairs crowds his pages with a multitude of questions that as this is due not merely to “ the comparative absence would occur at once to any live teacher, is no better. of scientific methods,” but also, and perhaps first of all, Is not the cause worthy of something better? May to the absence of an opportunity for comparing results we not have an edition of the English classics which will be the result of the united efforts of such of the attained, and so furthering “division of labor and intel- ligent coöperation.” Some attempts have been made, secondary school teachers of the country as combine the I believe, toward satisfying this need of an organ of necessary scholarship with some degree of literary abil- communication, as, for example, the publication, in con- ity, — sufficient, at any rate, to eliminate the unessen- tials which overload the books we now have, and to nection with the courses already referred to, of the series entitled “Contributions to Rhetorical Theory.” arrange the material used with a view to artistic effect? It will be through the encouragement of such attempts TULEY FRANCIS HUNTINGTON. as these that a very immediate and practical rhetorical Milwaukee, Wis., Oct. 7, 1897. problem will be solved. If in working to bring about any reform, it is wisest A NEW weekly review, entitled “Literature," with to league with those elements that have begun, spon- Mr. H. D. Traill (“ that demon Traill,” as Matthew taneously it may seem, to right the wrong and bring Arnold once called him) as editor, is announced for early order out of lawlessness, so in the case of the present appearance in London and New York. Messrs. Har. chaotic, and at the same time scholastic, condition of per & Brothers will be the publishers for this country. 212 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL multitude, who viewed him solely through the The New Books. transfiguring medium of his verse, he really was, to a quite exceptional degree. His life and his THE TENNYSON MEMOIRS.* message were nobly of a piece. As we have already said, Tennyson disliked “Old ghosts whose day was done ere mine began, If earth be seen from your conjectured heaven, the idea of a long, formal biography. But as Ye know that History is half-dream--ay even his life must inevitably be written, he was The man's life in the letters of the man. anxious that it be written once and for all- There lies the letter, but it is not he As he retires into himself and is : that it be so written as to preclude the chance Sender and sent to go to make up this, of further and unauthentic biographies. His Their offspring of this union. And on me Frown not old ghosts, if I be one of those wish in this regard seems to us to be met, as Who make you utter things you did not say, fully as it was possible to meet it, in the noble And mould you all awry and mar your worth ; volumes now before us, the pious work of his For whatsoever knows us truly, knows That none can truly write his single day, son, the present Lord Tennyson. Some future And none can write it for him upon earth." + aftermath of Tennysonian memories there will In the foregoing Sonnet (written originally probably be; but Lord Tennyson has given as a preface to “ Becket,” and first published us what must remain for all time the one full in the work now before us) the late Lord and authoritative Life of his father. Touching Tennyson expressed incidentally his conviction his method, Lord Tennyson says: of the essential insufficiency of all biography. “ According to my father's wish, throughout the Letters the most intimate, being unavoidably memoir my hand will be as seldom seen as may be, and this accounts for the occasionally fragmentary charac- tinged by the personality of “sent-to” as well ter of my work. The anecdotes and sayings here as “sender," but partially or fitfully reveal related have been mostly taken down as soon as spoken, the writer was he retires into himself and is "; and are hence, I trust, not marred or mended by mem- while if it is given to no man to “truly write ory, which, judging from some anecdotes of him his single day,” then surely “none can write recently published, is wont to be a register not wholly accurate." it for him upon earth.” Lord Tennyson, as we learn, disliked the notion of a long, formal The foregoing paragraph fairly indicates biography. For those who cared to know the the general form and character of the work, which is essentially a rich storehouse of Tenny- spiritual side of his literary history, he wrote soniana, to which the best minds in England “ Merlin and the Gleam." That figurative have lavishly contributed, rather than an account of his poetic progress he seems to have thought “would probably be enough of bio attempt at a set recital and formal biography graphy for those friends who urged him to of the sort the poet himself would have disap- write about himself.” But however modest his proved of. Regular narrative is not, of course, estimate of the biographical demands of these wholly wanting. Such facts as people natur- ally wish to know concerning the poet's ances- friends, he can scarcely have thought for a mo- ment that the veiled, mystical intimations of try, birth, homes, schools, college life, friend- “ Merlin,” dim adumbrations of spiritual pro- manuscripts left by his father, Lord Tenny- ships, travels, etc., are given in order. As to cesses which the poet himself but imperfectly divined, would satisfy the curiosity of the gen- son says: “ The most interesting to me are my father's unpub- eral public, or indeed meet the questions which lished poems and letters, and notes on his own life and that public would be most likly to ask. Most work left me for publication after his death, Arthur men look to biography solely for the sort of Hallam's letters, Edward Fitzgerald's private MS. notes, personal information in which the prince of and the journal of our home life.” biographers, James Boswell, chiefly dealt; and As to the “unpublished poems,” it is a biography of the Boswellian type, Lord Ten- pleasant to say that the volumes are enriched nyson must have known was inevitable. From with them to a degree more likely to surpass the disclosures of such a biography, were it ever than to fall short of the hopes of the most san- so candid, he had little reason to shrink. Here, guine Tennysonian. Lavish quotation of these the unflinching pen of a Froude could point out belated treasures of song would be obviously no jarring discrepancies between the man and unfair ; but we may venture on an extract or his work. What Tennyson seemed to be to the two, with the certainty of whetting, rather than ALFRED LORD TENNYSON : A Memoir. By his Son. Two appeasing, the reader's appetite. The follow- volumes, illustrated. New York: The Macmillan Company. ing stanzas, entitled “ The Mother's Ghost,” † Copyright by the Macmillan Company, 1897. belong to the period 1832–35. 1897.] 213 THE DIAL “Not a whisper stirs the gloom, sons, headed by the poet, rushed out into the It will be the dawning soon, darkness to the neighboring church, and rang We may glide from room to room, In the glimmer of the moon : the bells as madly as the “ inspired tinker” Every heart is lain to rest, himself might have rung them in the days of All the house is fast in sleep, Were I not a spirit blest, his unregenerate youth. Whereat, says the Sisters, I could almost weep! author of the Memoir,— " In that cradle sleeps my child, “ The new parson, horrified at hearing his bells rung, She whose birth brought on my bliss ; and not merely rung but furiously clashed, without his On her forehead undefiled leave, came rushing into his church, and in the pitch I will print an airy kiss : blackness laid hold of the first thing which he could See, she dreameth happy dreams, clap hand to, and this happened to be my aunt Cecilia's Her hands are folded quietly, Like to one of us she seems, little dog — which forthwith tried to bite. The Tenny- sons then disclosed themselves amid much laughter; One of us my child will be."* and the parson, who I suppose was a Tory of the old Of a later date than the foregoing verses are school, was with difficulty pacified. More than once the indignant lines, written in the poet's under- my father thought of turning this scene into verse as an graduate days, on “ Cambridge of 1830 ” — interesting picture of the times.” the narrow and lethargic Cambridge of which An extremely interesting and valuable fea- Macaulay said : “ We see men of four and five ture of the work are the letters to and from and twenty, loaded with academical honors and Tennyson, with which both volumes are thickly rewards — scholarships, fellowships, whole cab- studded. One of the earlier ones, from John inets of medals, whole shelves of prize-books, Sterling, hits pleasantly at Carlyle. enter into life with their education still to “ Carlyle was here yesterday evening, growled at begin ; unacquainted with the first principles of having missed you, and said more in your praise than the laws under which they live, unacquainted in anyone's except Cromwell and an American back- woodsman who has killed thirty or forty people with a with the very rudiments of moral and political bowie-knife and since run away to Texas.” science.” Cambridge was, in the eyes of the A letter to Dean Bradley (1855) acknowl- more practical and progressive, then an insti- tution consecrated by prejudice and immemorial edges the receipt of a volume of Matthew Arnold. usage to the business of launching upon the “Many thanks for the Arnold: nobody can deny that world a yearly batch of mediæval-minded young he is a poet. • The Merman' was an old favorite of gentlemen, who, so far as the training of their mine, and I like him as well as ever. The Scholar Venerable Mother went, were about as well Gipsy ' is quite new to me, and I have an affection for fitted as so many Kaspar Hausers to grapple him, which I think will increase.” with the realities of practical life. The young Apropos of the foregoing letter, it may be Tennyson expressed his opinion of the prevail. noted that the author was entrusted years later ing régime in a sonnet which is perhaps more by his father with the following message for vigorous and biographically suggestive than Mr. Arnold : “ Tell Mat not to write any more poetic. of those prose things like Literature and "Therefore your Halls, your ancient Colleges, Dogma,' but to give us something like his Your portals statued with old kings and queens, • Thyrsis,' Scholar Gipsy,' or 'Forsaken Your gardens, myriad-volumed libraries, Wax-lighted chapels, and rich-carven screens, Merman.” Mr. Arnold naturally took the Your doctors, and your proctors, and your deaps, monition in good part, and told the story glee- Shall not avail you when the Day-beam sports New-risen o'er awakened Albion. No! fully “ all over London.” Nor yet your organ-pipes that blow In a note from Mr. Herbert Spencer, the Melodious thunders thro' your vacant courts reader may possibly discern a tinge of uncon- At noon and eve, because your manner sorts Not with this age wherefrom ye stand apart, scious humor. Because the lips of little children preach “I happened recently to be re-reading your Poem Against you, you that do profess to teach • The Two Voices,' and coming to the verse — And teach us nothing, feeding not the heart." * • Or if thro' lower lives I came - The voices of the new age, indeed, early Tho' all experience past became awakened a responsive echo in the spirit of Consolidate in mind and frame – Tennyson. To the political issues that stirred it occurred to me that you might like to glance through a book which applies to the elucidation of mental England in his youth he was keenly alive. It science the hypothesis to which you refer. I therefore is pleasantly related that when the news of the beg your acceptance of Psychology,' which I send by passing of the Reform Bill for England and this post.” Wales reached Somersby, the young Tenny- Whether or no the laureate "glanced through” * Copyright by the Macmillan Company, 1897. Mr. Spencer's formidable chef-d'oeuvre is not 214 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL recorded. Touching the philosophical content side the water. He was long one of the stock of Tennyson's work, Professor Jowett (a fre- “ objects of interest ” for the transatlantic quently recurring name in the “Life”) once tourist. It is recorded that one misguided en- observed : thusiast descended upon Aldworth with the “ Your poetry has an element of philosophy more to be staggering announcement that he had worked considered than any regular philosophy in England. It his way across the Atlantic in a cattle ship, is almost too much impregnated with philosophy, yet solely in order to recite “ Maud” to its author this to some minds will be its greatest charm. I which he forthwith proceeded to do. “Hav- believe that your • In Memoriam' and Crossing the Bar' will live forever in men's hearts." ing pity on the man,” says the narrator, “my father allowed him to do so, but suffered from One may venture to suggest here, in all defer- the recitation. We paid the reciter's passage ence, that Tennyson's poetry, especially the back to America, but never heard of him pieces cited by the Master of Balliol, may be said to be impregnated with the breath and again.” Lord Tennyson's Life of his father is un- finer spirit” of the current "regular phil- osophy in England," rather than to be remark unquestionably a book that permanently and able for any such element of their own distinct appreciably enriches English literature. It is from that philosophy. Do not, for instance, hardly possible to conceive of a generation to come that it will not deeply interest, contain- the groups of stanzas in “In Memoriam " numbered LIV., LV., and LVI., really sum ing as it does the best and truest that could be said of Alfred Lord Tennyson, as man and as up and nobly transfigure what may be termed the Gospel of Modern Thought”? Having best qualified to speak of him. It is a book poet, by those of his contemporaries who were cited Professor Jowett, we may fitly quote eloquent of pious toil , of modest self-repres- here from a letter by him to Lady Tennyson sion, of filial solicitude lest the bounds of a (1858), in which he incidentally appraises somewhat difficult prescribed standard be over, criticism as a form of literature. stepped, of anxiety to leave no source untried “ You asked me whether I could suggest any sub- jects for poetry. I have been so presumptuous as to whence a ray of real biographical light was to think of some. I don't believe that poetical feelings be looked for. Lord Tennyson has been and imagery can ever be exhausted. That is only a liberally and directly assisted in his work by fancy which comes over us when our minds are dry or his father's more intimate and eminent friends. in moments of depression. This generation is certainly Tennyson's letters to and from the Queen are more poetical and imaginative than the last, and haps, in spite of the critics, the next may be more poet- piously enshrined by his son in a separate ical than our own. And as to the critics, their power chapter. The opening volume is prefixed by a is not really great. Wagon-loads of them are lighting Chronology of the Books of Poems; and the fires every week or on their way to the grocers. I often Index, we are glad to say, is a notably full and fancy that the critical form of modern literature is like helpful one. In their material features the the rhetorical one which overlaid ancient literature, and will be regarded as that is, at its true worth in after volumes are impeccable. The superb series times. One drop of natural feeling in poetry or the of portraits fitly crowns a work which is a true statement of a single new fact is already felt to be veritable literary feast from cover to cover. of more value than all the critics put together." One more example of the generous aftermath Tennyson's allusions to America and Amer- of Tennysonian song we shall venture to give icans are throughout generally in a kindly in closing — an unpublished version of "Sweet spirit enough — though we find him, in a letter and Low.” to Mr. Gladstone (1872), threatening that “If Bright is the moon on the deep, you let those Yankees get anything like their Bright are the cliffs in her beam, Sleep, my little one, sleep! way of you in the Alabama claims, I wont pay Look, he smiles and opens his hands, my ship-money' any more than old Hamp- He sees his father in distant lands, den.” A letter of later date, however (to Dr. And kisses him there in a dream, Sleep, sleep. Van Dyke), contains the assurance that “The “Father is over the deep, report (which you quote) that I dislike Amer- Father will come to thee soon, icans is wholly without foundation, though it is Sleep my pretty one, sleep! true that I have protested against the manner Father will come to his babe in the nest, Silver sails all out of the west, in which some of the American publishers have Under the silver moon, pilfered my work.” Sleep, sleep!"* Lord Tennyson, of course, had the penalties E. G. J. as well as the rewards of his popularity on this * Copyright by the Macmillan Company, 1897. 1897.] 215 THE DIAL Within very recent years, Mr. Balfour has THE FOUNDATIONS OF KNOWLEDGE.* given new life to the popular discussion of epis- Somewhat more than two hundred years ago, temological questions. He has striven to show a company of gentlemen were engaged in the that there is evidence for the existence of God, discussion of a problem of metaphysics. The the immortality of the soul, and the ultimate longer they considered the question, the more triumph of right over wrong, of equal validity completely they found themselves at sea. with that for the accepted results of physical Finally it occurred to one of their number, a science. Scientific theories are never matters Mr. John Locke, that their difficulties were of experience in the strict sense of the term. caused by their failure to raise a fundamental They simply represent the way in which cer- question, namely, What are the powers of the tain observed facts must be put together if human mind; how much can we know, and any explanation for them exists. Thus at the how much from the very nature of our faculties foundation of science lies the faith that all must remain forever unknown ? Locke under experience is ultimately explainable ; and the ook to jot down a few thoughts on this subject sole warrant for this faith, it is claimed, is for the benefit of his friends, and out of these the felt need of such explanation. But if this detached notes grew the famous “Essay Con craving carries with it its own warrant of satis- cerning Human Understanding." Thus was faction, the same claim may be urged for all launched a new science, which to-day is known the other deeper cravings of our nature. If by the name of epistemology, or theory of this be true, our belief in the existence of knowledge. Not that Locke is entitled to be Providence may have exactly the same foun- considered its founder, in any other sense than dation as that in the uniformity of nature which that in which Stevenson may be called the is the basis of all generalization in science. inventor of the locomotive. What he did was Most readers will be familiar with the form to so demonstrate the utility of this new discip- which Browning has given to this doctrine. line by his own contributions as to assure it a Other thinkers — as, notably, Coleridge, Car- permanent place in the world of philosophic lyle, and Emerson — have sought a different thought. way out of agnosticism. They maintained the It cannot be truthfully said that epistemology existence of certain intuitions which give us a has always enjoyed a great share of popular direct knowledge of the invisible world, and favor. Its problems seem at first sight too acquaint us with those truths which are of remote from the interests of every-day life to be worth the effort and time necessary for their these intuitions are described as if they were most concern to our deeper life. Sometimes study. But the past generation has witnessed revelations vouchsafed by a higher power to something of a revolution in this respect. The those whose lives render them worthy recip- term agnosticism, introduced into the language ients of the message. Others have assimilated by Professor Huxley, has called the attention them to mathematical axioms, the truth of of the public to a theory which if true is felt which the mind perceives as soon as they are to be of the greatest importance to every human presented. In one form or another, the doc- being. Following Hume, whose interpreter trine that what is non-existent for sense may he has made himself, Huxley declares that our thus be clear to the eye of reason, has been a only source of knowledge of the world without favorite tenet from the time of Plato to the us is sensation. But all sensations, even those present day. of sight and touch, are mere feelings which tell It is the office of epistemology to examine us nothing of the real nature of anything out- these various conflicting contentions. It en- side of ourselves. Hence it is concluded that quires what we may know, how we gain our the world conceived to lie behind these sub- knowledge, and by what touchstone we may jective phenomena as their cause is absolutely distinguish false beliefs from true. Its prov- inaccessible to human reason ; wherefore the ince is not confined to the question of the pos- theologian and the metaphysician, since they sibility of knowing the supersensible world, attempt to penetrate into this region, are on but extends to all branches of human inquiry. the same intellectual plane as the would be It investigates, among other things, the condi. inventor of the perpetual-motion machine. tions of that great body of knowledge upon THE THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE. A Contribution to some which our so-called practical activity depends, Problems of Logic and Metaphysics. By L. T. Hobhouse, and the grounds and justification of our gen- Fellow and Assistant-Tutor at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. New York: The Macmillan Co. eralizations from what has happened in the 216 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL * > past to what will happen in the future ; it asks conditions which it is the office of inductive what is to be understood by the terms sub- logic to point out, the relations which obtain stance, cause, and many others which we use between the different elements of a content of confidently enough in daily life with but vague consciousness may be generalized, so that we notions of their exact significance. No de- may affirm that what is perceived to be con- partment of the subject lies remote from the joined here and now will be found together stir and hum of modern intellectual life. The everywhere and always. The axioms of mathe- nature of the relation of mind and body, formatics are shown to be special cases under this instance, can be discussed intelligently only principle, and so by implication the existence when we understand the meaning of the word of a separate faculty to account for them is cause; while the controversy which Professor denied. Ostwald has recently started * proves that the Such, according to Mr. Hobhouse, are the final interpretation of the facts brought to light processes by which knowledge is gained. But by chemistry and physics requires an answer now, what grounds have we for supposing that to the previous question, What is matter, and they terminate in truth? Of course, we all where do we get the evidence of its existence ? know how one judgment may be corrected by Of the treatises dealing with the theory of comparison with another, and one observation knowledge, that which Mr. Hobhouse has re- by others more carefully conducted ; but the cently given us is the most complete, as it is question is, what right have we to believe that one of the ablest and most satisfactory, in the our faculties, even when working in their per- English language. No other English work fection, lead us to truth at all? The reply is covers the field so thoroughly. This fact, taken that when the deliverances of our various fac- in connection with the keenness of analysis, ulties ” form a completely consistent system sanity of judgment, and clearness of exposition one from which all contradictions have been exhibited throughout, make the work indispen- eliminated - no motive and no rational justifi- sable to the specialist, and at the same time cation remain for distrusting them. We begin, admirably suited to the needs of the beginner. and we must end, with assuming that the work. In his doctrine of matter, the author shows ings of the mind are such that where har- himself quite out of sympathy with the views monious they reveal to us reality. Any other held by the great majority of students of the assurance it would be senseless to demand. We subject, and the arguments advanced in sup- thus find our questions answered as follows: port of his position will probably strike most We may know whatever is given in immediate readers as more ingenious than convincing; but experience, or is remembered, or may be in- even here the hall-mark of a great work is not ferred from the data supplied by experience ; wanting - we learn as much from a chapter the conditions of knowledge are the working of whose final conclusions we reject as from one the processes already enumerated; the justifica- whose reasoning carries with it complete con- tion for any confidence we may feel in them is viction. In general we seem to be reading a the fact that their reports are consistent and book which Locke might have written after the mutually support each other. work of Hume and Kant, Mill and Green. With reference to Mr. Balfour's contention, The ultimate source of all the knowledge we Mr. Hobhouse admits that the wants and crav- as yet, at any rate, possess, is, we are told, the ings of our ethical and religious nature are direct experience of a given content of con- capable of creating their own beliefs, or at sciousness. This represents the same thought least of influencing us in the selection of our which Locke intended to express when he laid creeds. Moreover, he thinks this procedure down his famous proposition that the source of may ultimately be able to justify itself before all knowledge is experience, as given in sensa- the bar of reason. But, as against Mr. Balfour, tion on the one hand, and the consciousness of he urges that as yet there is no agreement as the operations of our own minds on the other. to just what these needs are, and what is neces- These contents may be remembered and ana- sary for their satisfaction. Until the partisans lyzed ; they may be subjected to the process of of this view are at one on these points, he re- construction (or synthesis) by which wholes gards their claims as not worth the considera- arise which have never before been given in tion of a serious thinker. In this attenuated their entirety (one example of this is the work form, the doctrine that you may believe what of the imagination); and, finally, under certain you very much want to believe (for, notwith- *See " Popular Science Monthly," March, 1896. standing all disclaimers, this is what it comes 1897.] 217 THE DIAL to) will probably do no harm. Of course, the , utilities of life. Under these circumstances, possession of truth ordinarily yields a satis- those who believe that "man does not live by faction of its own, and is often pursued for bread alone" find ample ground for encourage- the sake of this satisfaction. But the “logical ment in the rapidly growing interest in that Pharisee " can point out that there must be, great English literature which, in addition to and is, other justification for the trust in our its native vigor, has shown a remarkable power intellectual processes beyond the satisfaction of absorbing what is best in other literatures. they yield; and if so, the entire argument of The study of English as language has not Mr. Balfour falls to the ground. This by no hitherto kept pace with the study of English means cuts us off from all access to the world as literature ; yet the appreciation of English of ultimate reality. The complete explanation as literature is inevitably dependent on the of experience compels us to transcend expe- understanding of English as language, — an rience, as even agnosticism will be found to axiomatic truth that is obscured by the habit admit. Here, then, is a legitimate sphere for of taking the understanding of English for a scientific metaphysics, permanent contribu- granted. Every other art must be taught; but tions to which may be found in the works of all one of the most difficult and most vitally im- the great masters of philosophy. portant of all the arts, the art of expression, FRANK CHAPMAN SHARP. is supposed to be acquired instinctively. It is acquired, to a certain extent, not instinctively, but unconsciously, by a few highly-favored in- dividuals — those who are born into families THE STUDY OF ENGLISH WORDS.* where words are carefully chosen, where nice The growing interest in the study of En- distinctions are made, where books of the high- glish in our universities and secondary schools est type are intimate companions; yet in order is especially encouraging to those who realize that the choice of words may be intelligent, how absolutely human progress is dependent on these unconscious influences must be, and in the ability to record and to communicate facts such families generally are, supplemented by and ideas. The impatience of “practical peo- systematic training. The old custom of teach- ple” with the study of language would be an ing children Latin at an early age, and the con- insoluble puzzle to the thoughtful observer, if sequent discovery, in childhood, that ideas do the ungrateful tendency of human nature to not necessarily arise with the words to fit them, take for granted the most important elements in and that the selection of the right word is a well-being were not too familiar to need more matter requiring care and thought, gave the than a passing mention. “ Practical people” needed stimulus to the sense of discrimination. above all others ought to recognize the value of Now that the study of Latin is postponed to a words. The idealist may imagine, in some later period in school life, or more frequently vague way, that thought can communicate itself omitted altogether, while teachers in the grade without expression; but to those who deal with schools are often familiar with no language but the visible and tangible, the embodiment of the their own, and in many cases not intelligently thought should be scarcely less important than familiar with that, indications that the scientific the thought itself. That its importance is not study of English is working down from the uni- more generally realized is due to the fact that versities to the secondary schools, with a conse- a fit medium of expression is, like air and sun- quent improvement in the methods of the pri- shine, usually taken for granted. When the mary schools, cannot be too heartily welcomed. public can be made to understand that discrim- In connection with these indications, the ination is as necessary in the choice of words appearance of a text-book of English words, as in the selection of materials for a bicycle or that is written on scientific principles, is of a bridge or for a durable garment, a great step peculiar interest to all who believe that an in- will have been taken in popular education. telligent use and understanding of the English In these democratic days the educational ten-language is the fundamental requisite of a dency is, as has been often pointed out, to level good education; and that, in the last analysis, , down rather than to level up. The humanities that use and understanding must be conditioned are sacrificed to the sciences; studies that ele- on a keen sense of the value of words. 6 A vate and refine are subordinated to the so-called Study of English Words,” by Miss Jessie Mac- * A STUDY OF ENGLISH WORDS. By Jessie Macmillan millan Anderson, is evidently the work of one Anderson. New York and Chicago: The American Book Co. who combines with an unusual appreciation of a 218 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL the English language, and a scientific training it much to heighten their appreciation of the in its principles, a rare power of imparting her literature that they now read with pleasure and own interest and knowledge to the untrained profit, without knowing why. Nowhere else and unscientific mind. Many valuable books can we find, in as convenient a form, so much have been written to give information on this that we all ought to know, but that few of us, subject to those already interested in it; this except special students, do know, about our little book is one to awaken an interest where language. And it is all told with a freshness none has yet been felt. The ideal method of of treatment that will attract the student, and teaching English is undoubtedly by means of at the same time with a vividness and sympa- good literature in the hands of a competent thetic appeal that will awaken and hold the teacher ; but competent teachers of English interest of any intelligent school boy or girl. are scarce in the places where they are most Miss Anderson evidently remembers what too needed. A careful study of such a book as many writers for young people forget,— that a this in our grammar schools would do much to great many books that we call classics are the prepare those who in a few years will be the favorite books of boys and girls. Her “ hope teachers in our grade schools to guide their that this elementary work may help toward the pupils into an intelligent interest in words and time when our boys and girls shall know more language. of their English tongue, and shall feel increas- Perhaps Miss Anderson's book may be best ingly the charm and worth of their language described by saying that it is organic, not inheritance,” will be echoed with firm assurance mechanical, as most books are that deal with by those who see clearly just where this book stems and prefixes and suffixes for school use. would have helped them in their own school Her method insures for words and language days. The important thing in education is, the same vital interest that school children feel not to be carried along, but to be started on the in natural history and botany when properly right track; and this interesting and sugges- taught. Beginning with language as a living, tive book is admirably planned to start boys growing thing, having its periods of childhood, and girls, as well as older persons, on the right youth, maturity, and old age, with its family track in the study of words and literature. relationships and family resemblances, and MARGARET COOPER McGIFFERT. going on to trace specifically the growth of the English language, with its various possibilities of combination and modification and their ac- tual outcome, the reader is brought to the ESSAYS ON MAN AND DESTINY.* difficult and technical matter of roots and One of the striking features of Mr. Karl stems with a sufficiently living interest to vivifyPearson's new volume of “Studies in Evolu- even those dry bones ; much as the student of tion” is the varied character of the “stud- botany, in tracing processes of plant life and ies.” It is not lessened by reading the author's growth, becomes sufficiently enthusiastic to preface. In it he says: “To some readers a carry over his enthusiasm into the pursuit of few words of explanation on the apparent want botanical names. Following the study of deri- of unity in the contents of this book may seem vations, which embodies the results of the lat- desirable.” The unity which he himself be- est linguistic research, are chapters on the lieves exists in them is, “ the endeavour to see growth and change in the meaning of words, all phenomena, physical and social, as a con- on the relative merits of Saxon and Latin nected growth, and describe them as such in English, on the artist’s and scientist's use of the briefest formula possible.” Fully recog- words, on synonyms and on prose rhythms, nizing this, and being in hearty sympathy with which will be welcomed by those teachers who the author, we still find his matter extremely believe, with Miss Anderson, that the best varied. methods are not too good for our boys and Of a certain series of these essays, mathe- girls, and that the unconscious choice of one matical in character, “ The Chances of Death " word rather than another should be developed may be selected as typical. It is a study of at the earliest possible age into intelligent se- the mathematical curve of mortality. In an lection. The result is that while the book is ingenious and remarkably readable way, Mr. precisely what is needed to supplement the in- dividual work of teachers, it is safe to say that *THE CHANCES OF DEATH, AND OTHER STUDIES IN Evo- LUTION. By Karl Pearson. In two volumes. New York: many educated men and women would find in Edward Arnold. i var 1897.] 219 THE DIAL 6 » is most Pearson calls attention to the peculiarities and important that has, for a long time past, ap- components of this curve. It is really a com- peared in physical anthropology. pound, the resultant of several simple curves, The rigid application of mathematics to the each with its influence. The mortality from theory of natural selection in society and the birth to death does not tell the whole story : important discussions of the present anti-science the curve extends back of the point of birth, drift of thought, while both interesting and taking in pre-natal death. The famous me- important, may not detain us. The clever diæval “ dance of death " is inexact. studies in the second volume, “ Woman as « Artistically we no longer think of death as striking Witch,” “ Ashiepattle, or Hans Seeks His chaotically: we regard bis aim as perfectly regular Luck," “Kindred Group Marriages,” “The ' in the mass, if unpredicable in the individual instance. German Passion Play," demand notice. They It is no longer the Dance of Death which pictures for us Death carrying off indiscriminately the old and the deal more or less directly with the marvellously young, the rich and the poor, the toiler and the idler, instructive mediævalism of Europe. The first the babe and its grandsire. We see something quite three are studies in customs and words to se- different: the cohort of a thousand tiny mites starting cure survival data of the old “mother-right." across the Bridge of Life, and growing in stature as The last is a study of the matter, spirit, and they advance, till at the far end of the bridge we see only the gray beard and the lean and slippered panta- significance of the great religious drama, “ A • loon. As they pass along the causeway the throng is Study in the Evolution of Western Christian- ' more and more thinned. Five Deaths are posted at ity.” In them all the author shows a wealth different stages of the route alongside the bridge, and, of accumulated material and marked originality with different skewness of aim and different weapons of precision, they fire at the human target, till none remain in treatment. His style is terse, clear, and to reach the end of the causeway- the limit of life.” vigorous : himself a radical, a materialist, a To illustrate his conception, the author has socialist, his work is always candid, his treat- caused a quaint and striking picture of the ment sympathetic. His application of mathe- bridge of life to be drawn. matics in some fields where it has hitherto been Of the other purely mathematical essays, omitted is bound to stop much loose thinking “ Variation in Man and Woman and indefinite statement. His work, curious valuable. It is commonly stated in anthropo- and interesting in its range and varied char- logical writings that man is more variable than acter, must stimulate workers, for it bears the Mr. Havelock Ellis, in “Man and stamp of honesty and independence. Woman,” makes the statement direct and un- FREDERICK STARR. qualified, and considers it a matter of prime importance. Mr. Pearson " lays the axe to the root of this pseudo-scientific superstition." He presents the most carefully treated mass of RECENT STUDIES IN EDUCATION.* data ever dealt with, and outlines a proper One of the most interesting and important books mode of examining it. Seventeen anthropo- in recent pedagogical literature is Mrs. Mary R. logical characters are investigated, and in Alling-Aber's "An Experiment in Education.” The eleven of these woman appears to present experiment described in this book was made in a the greater variation. In the important mat- primary department in Boston, in 1881, and the ters of weight, stature, girth, grip, and skull aim of the experiment was “to see if the child may capacity, woman is the more variable. This not be introduced at once to the foundations of all greater variability of woman is attributed to learning - the natural and physical sciences, mathe- “her relatively less severe struggle for exist- matics, literature including language, and history - ence.” In his final conclusion the author and at the same time be given a mastery of such elements of reading, writing, and number as usually makes a fairly vigorous thrust at Mr. Ellis, constitute primary education." On another page saying: “Those writers who find in this prin- : ciple [man's greater variability), not only Inspired it and Were Inspired by it. By Mary R. Alling-Aber. AN EXPERIMENT IN EDUCATION. Also, The Ideas which • social and practical consequences of the wid- New York: Harper & Brothers. est significance,' but also an explanation of the FROEBEL'S EDUCATIONAL LAWS FOR ALL TEACHERS. By peculiar characteristics of the whole of our James L. Hughes. New York: D. Appleton & Co. SCHOOL MANAGEMENT AND SCHOOL METHODS. By Joseph human civilization,' are scarcely to be trusted Baldwin, M.A., LL.D. New York: D. Appleton & Co. when they deal with the problems of sex.” SOME OBSERVATIONS OF A FOSTER PARENT. By John Whatever the final verdict of science in the Charles Tarver. New York: The Macmillan Co. matter - for our author does not consider his COLLEGE TRAINING FOR WOMEN. By Kate Holliday Claghorn, Ph.D. (Yale). New York: Thomas Y. Crowell paper exhaustive,- the essay is one of the most , & Co. woman. - 220 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL a the similar experiment at Englewood, Illinois, is of making their relation more intelligent and sym- briefly set forth. But the bulk of the book is given pathetic. Mr. Tarver avows that he has written this up to general ideas which these experiments sug- book “chiefly for the sake of earnest and anxious gested, and to remarks on their special application persons who have no means of knowing what is the to the teaching of science, history, literature, and so best thing to do for their children, or of measuring forth. The writer believes in giving to children what is being done for them by others.” To this two years old and upward the same mental nourish- end he has put together some thirty short discursive ment as to adults, and in doing this “fearlessly "; chapters on studies, methods, pupil's mind and char- and her observations and reflections on this matter acter, schools, etc. The book is very readable, and are of great interest. The special value of the book contains some shrewd observations. But the point is that it brings out the new ideas on education of view is ultra-English and conservative, and it clearly and definitely on the basis of actual experi- | would hardly be of much use to the American ment; but the work would have been doubly valu- reader. There is certainly room for a first-rate able if it had been more fully illustrated by example book which shall address the American parent from and incident. We commend this very original, the most advanced point of American educational sound, and suggestive little book to all teachers, and progress. especially to all those in kindergarten and primary A book which fulfils this aim in one way with grades. reference to young women is Mrs. Kate Holliday Another book which ought to be very useful to Claghorn's “ College Training for Women.” This teachers in every department is “ Froebel's Educa- book, by a college woman, on collegiate instruction tional Laws for all Teachers,” by Mr. James L. for women, will be of especial service to parents and Hughes. The main object of this book is to show intending students, but will also have a considerable that Froebel's ideas and methods are significant for interest for the public at large. There is sound dis- the whole scheme of education from kindergarten to cussion and advice on such subjects as “ Choosing a university. This work consists of quotations from College,” “Life at College," « The Graduate Stu- Froebel giving his general ideas on education, with dent," "The College-Trained Mother," "The Col- a running exposition and comment partly original lege-Woman as a Social Influence” and “College with Mr. Hughes and partly selected. There are Training for the Wage-Earner.” While not very interesting chapters on Unity, Self-Activity, Play, mature in thought or expression, the writer is intel- Apperception, Evolution, and so forth. The workligent, earnest, and enthusiastic, and her little book is uncritical, and perhaps over-eulogistic. Though will be of real service in its field. Though she does very enthusiastic, it is always sane. While Mr. not discuss directly the problem of co-education, Hughes has given a serviceable and careful presen- her remarks apply both to colleges exclusively for tation of the subject, the book is too scrappy and women and to co-educational institutions. general; and there is still need of a very simple HIRAM M. STANLEY. work which from abundant examples shall set forth clearly, without any manifold quotations, the Froe- belian principles. “School Management and School Methods,” by BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. Professor Joseph Baldwin, is an outline manual designed especially for classes of teachers. It em- Mr. Justin McCarthy has become his English history phasises the direct teaching of morals and religion, own continuator; and to his “ His- and is opposed to “rewards, per-cent marking, tory of Our Own Times,” published formal examinations, and corporal punishment!” in 1878, he has added a concluding volume (Har- The author discusses educational conditions, facili-per), bringing the narrative down to the Diamond ties, school-government, class management, school Jubilee. It is a delightful book, even if it is not and college organization, and methods of teaching. history. As might be expected, it is chiefly made In the main it is up to date, though under the ac- up of Mr. McCarthy's recollections and reflections. count of school libraries we do not find any descrip- A man who has been a large part of the events he tion of the traveling-library scheme. The style is describes can hardly be asked to encumber himself oral, and very jerky in its repetition of short, abrupt with the paraphernalia of the scientific historian sentences. The tone is very enthusiastic, but rather when he means to write a good-humored description crudely so. While as a syllabus the book has some of the recent past. If one wishes to make oneself merit, yet there is so much vague and general treat- conversant with English affairs of the day, there ment that it will hardly be of the highest value to can be no pleasanter method than the reading of so teachers. Further, for such a work the references charming a book. Perhaps upon occasion one might to the literature of the subject should be far more desire a little more boldness in putting in the darker full and explicit than we find here. lines of the picture. For example, Mr. McCarthy, In Mr. J. C. Tarver's “Observations of a Foster in describing the Queen's Jubilee of 1887, is com- Parent” we have a pleasantly written book whose pelled to record the fact that Ireland had no share object is the very praiseworthy one of mediating in the festivities. There is a note of hesitancy and between the parent and the foster parent or teacher, I apology in each succeeding sentence, as if he desired down to date. > a 1897.] 221 THE DIAL to minimize the effect of what he is obliged to say. more abundant in matter; and the first volume, Finally, however, his opinion appears, when to the upon the whole, is more interesting than the second. statement that O'Connell aroused much enthusiasm Still, the author has not rigidly observed the line of for the young Queen, he adds: “The enthusiasm bisection. In the treatment of a few great topics, inspired by O'Connell soon began to chill and die. he has given himself, as he explains, larger room To Ireland, the Sovereign became a mere name or and freer movement than would be possible under a mere myth, for the Crown was only represented a rigorous conformity to the time limits imposed by by a partisan viceroy, who was changed with each his general plan. Sometimes, no doubt, there are succeeding change of partisan government." The advantages in departing from the rule, as in the story of the schism in the Nationalist party after cases of Samuel Adams and Dr. Franklin ; but there Mr. Parnell was dragged into the divorce court is no apparent reason why Thomas Paine should be is managed with equal delicacy — or deftness,— bisected, especially as he did not appear on the scene and this is not a little significant, since Mr. Mc- until 1774. Professor Tyler still treats the Loyalists Carthy bimself was the leader of the men opposed liberally, both in space and judgment. We miss the to Mr. Parnell. He speaks of the quarrel only in- compendious statement of his view of the Revolu- cidentally, in stating the time of Mr. Parnell's tion, which we did not find in the first volume, and death, and does not mention his own connection which we hoped to find in the present one. We still with the matter; he merely says: “The great ma- regard its absence as a defect in the work. While jority elected a new chairman.” This same quality the new volume is inferior in interest, as a whole, to of charitableness Mr. McCarthy carries into the the first one, it still deals with some of the foremost discussion of England's foreign entanglements in writers of the time, as Samuel Adams, Dr. Franklin, Egypt, in the Transvaal, and with the United States John Dickinson, Thomas Paine, and others. The about the Venezuela boundary line. He intimates chapter on Franklin is particularly satisfactory. that “ we cannot know what was the real oceasion, The author discovers a likeness between the Amer- or inspiration, or purpose of President Cleveland's ican philosopher and Socrates, which he insists is sudden burst of aggressive eloquence.” But the more than superficial. “ Besides the plebeian origin “ eloquence was soon over, and Mr. Cleveland of both, and some trace of plebeian manners which became “cool, sensible, and conciliatory." Quite clung to both, and the strain of animal coarseness characteristic of Mr. McCarthy's volume are the from which neither was ever entirely purified, they quiet pauses in the narrative to comment upon both had an amazing insight into human nature in poets, orators, scientists, and statesmen, dead since all its grades and phases, they were both indifferent 1878. The estimates are unusually discriminating. to literary fame, they were both humorists, they They are written in the spirit of one to whom his both applied their great intellectual gifts in a dis- own life seems a completed work, completed in the ciplinary but genial way to the improvement of their days when these men were the companions of his fellow-men, and in dealing controversially with the thoughts and his actions. Such a writer is not a opinions of others they both understood and prac- historian : he has an advantage over the historian. ticed the strategy of coolness, playfulness, an unas- Each fact is not something the relations of which suming manner, moderation of statement, the log- he is professionally bound to elucidate : each fact ical parallel, and irony.” The carefully prepared is a part of his own life. And yet, unlike the man bibliography found in the present volume fills fifty- with an autobiography on his mind, he is able to five pages and contains six hundred titles. It is ignore himself and to pass through his life again intended to be exhaustive of the printed materials incognito. cited in the course of the whole work. There is also a good index, while the mechanical execution The second volume of Prof. Moses A continuation of of the two volumes is worthy of the scholarship and the literary history Coit Tyler's Literary History of the literary merit of their contents. of the Revolution. American Revolution” (Patnam) has quickly followed the first one. The whole work The second volume of Mr.W.J.Court- covers the period 1763–1783, the dividing line be- English poetry and hope's “ History of English Poetry ” English thought. tween the two volumes falling in 1776. “ The chief (Macmillan) covers the period from aim of the first volume,” says the author, " is to Wyatt to Marlowe. It deepens the impression trace the development of political discontent in the made by the earlier volume, for it is equally a Anglo-American colonies from about the year 1763 work of much industry, learning, and philosophical until the year when that discontent culminated in the grasp. In his endeavor “ to trace the course of resolve for American Independence; while the chief our Poetry rather by the stream of the national aim of the second volume is to trace the develop- thought and imagination than by that of the ment of the Revolutionary struggle under the altered national language," the author has dragged in a conditions produced by this change in its object and great deal of matter that seems at first sight en- in its character, and to go on with the tale until the tirely extraneous, and that even reflection cannot year when American Independence was formally force into any very direct relation with literary his- acknowledged by the British government.” The tory. Before taking up the thread of the history first period is longer than the second one, and is proper, it is found necessary to discuss such subjects > 222 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL as the Diet of Augsburg, the decay of chivalry, the be suggestive to thinking men. Dr. Christison has “ “ “Prince" of Machiavelli, and the Colloquies” of apparently collected a good deal of material; it is Erasmus. These matters, and the extensive quo- a pity that he has not more carefully presented it. tations everywhere introduced, make a very stout Apart from the portraits, the illustrations in the volume, although a period of only about seventy- book have no great value. Thus, the plates of jaw five years is covered. Upon such a scale as this, forms recognized by Dr. Talbot, of brains - brutes, the work should require eight or ten more volumes normal human beings, and criminals — and of the for its completion. We regret to say that Mr. degenerate ear, would have value if they had been Courthope is more solid than readable. Whether adequately discussed and described. Readers are it be from native defect, or from professionalism of two classes : they are beginners who need first prepense, his work is lacking in animation, and re- principles, or more advanced students who have al- mains, for the most part, upon a rather low level of ready gained them. To the former these plates are expression. Occasionally, however, the reader is worthless because not discussed ; to the latter they rewarded by such a bit of impassioned rhetoric as are unnecessary because already known. we find in the following noble passage : “ The his- tory of ideas has in it something of the solemnity According to Mr. Charles Dudley The England of of tragic action. As the chant of the monks on the Shakespeare's day. Warner, more insight into Shakes- Capitol called up in the imagination of the historian peare's plays is to be gained by the long drama of the Decline and Fall of the studying the England of Shakespeare's day than Roman Empire, so the monuments of architecture, from the whole race of commentators and critics of painting, sculpture, and poetry record the dynastic the text. In the light of contemporary English life, revolutions in the march of human thought. Hu- - its visions of empire, its spirit of adventure, its miliating in many respects to our pride is the scene piracy, exploration, and warlike turmoil, its credu. of waste, change, and decay that such a retrospect lity and superstitions, its wonder at natural phe- discloses. Conceits and affectations elevated into nomena, its implicit belief in the supernatural, its the chief aims of poetry; the idols of beauty con- faith, its daring, its coarseness of speech, bluntness founded with its true forms; experiments in lan- of manner, luxury of apparel, and ostentation of guage conducted at the expense of thought; vain wealth, the mobility of its shifting society,-- in such though noble attempts made to reanimate exhausted a light the dramas glow with a new meaning, and ideals; admiration lavished on the shadows rather awaken a profounder admiration of the poet's than the substance of art - such are the ruins that knowledge of human life. To these matters, there- will encounter us in this period of our history, like fore, Mr. Warner devotes his little book on “ The the fallen temples, tombs, and aqueducts that sad- People for Whom Shakespeare Wrote" (Harper). den the memories of the traveller in the Roman His authorities are such old and not commonly Campagna." available writers as Harrison, Stubbes, Stowe, and Holinshed; and it must be granted that he has used ; The literature of criminology rap- Studies of crime their musty pages to great advantage in making his and criminals. idly increases. A little book before breezy and picturesque summary. The reproduc- us, “Crime and Criminals,” by Dr. tions of such quaint old pictures as “A Puritan J. Sanderson Christison (Chicago: W. T. Keener Family," "A Supper Party,” “A Family Group,” Co.), is composed, as we are told in the preface, and William Kemp Dancing " add not a little to “ largely of a series of articles contributed to the the charm of the narrative. A drawing of the “Chicago Tribune" under the caption of “Jail Swan Theatre, made in 1596, gives one an exact Types.” The literary style of the book is that of idea of the places where our ancestors contrived to the daily newspaper. The author's design seems spend so much of their time, on various pretexts. to be to present the criminal in the light of study Not only was it their resort for pleasure, but also and modern science. A number of cases, repre- their resource in sorrow. As the Italians sleep senting a wide range of criminal types, are briefly away grief, the French sing, and the Germans described and illustrated by portraits reproduced drink, so the English of the sixteenth century went from photographs. It is frequently assumed that to plays to be rid of it. If only this play-going the reader is fully informed regarding the crime crowd had had the foresight to leave us some au- and criminal discussed, and thus the description thentic account of their greatest playwright, how given is too incomplete and scrappy to be of value. much guess-work we should have been spared ! The author's wording is often obscure and some- times incorrect. It is not clear that he plainly un- The right kind of Miss Margaret Warner Morley has derstands the use of the words—80 fundamental- presented to child-students some de- heredity, degeneration, environment. It is certain for children. lightful studies of “ A Few Familiar that he does not understand the use of the word Flowers ” (Ginn). There are only five of the flow- specie. The real value of the book lies in the ers - the morning-glory, jewel weed, nasturtium, fact that it presents cases of Chicago criminals, of geranium, and hyacinth. We all presume that we many or most of whom the local public has heard. have known these everyday flowers for a lifetime. A scientific verdict upon these cases cannot fail to | Many of us have gone through the botanies in our 6 Nature-studies 1897.] 223 THE DIAL school-days and analyzed hundreds of wild flowers, gelized that portion of our land while furnishing a dried them perhaps, and mounted them in the barrier to the inroads of foreigners from the west, herbarium. Yet there are curious facts in the and which grafted some Spanish institutions upon structure of these “ familiar flowers” culled by Miss our Anglo-Saxon civilization. The author of the Morley which few of us have ever dreamed of. small book before us, Miss Laura Bride Powers, She takes her little people to the spot where the had access to the materials for such a history, flower grows, and teaches them how to look at it, "manuscripts, including diaries, mission registers, how to view it in all its aspects, and how to search and personal letters "; and there can be no doubt for the meaning and the cause of each peculiarity of her sympathy with the subject - a sympathy When they have finished their study, they know rising, in fact, to an enthusiasm. We are debarred their plant in every external feature; and, more from feeling disappointment that she has not given than that, they have acquired the art of clear and us just the book we want, by her motives in writing accurate observation. Miss Morley has a charming what she has written. This book "might well have gift for talking with children, in language apt and gone forth to its destiny known as “A plea for the elegant, yet simple and natural as that of the child Missions,'” so says the preface; and the author has she addresses.— In “ Flowers and Their Friends” told the tale of their ascendancy and ruin,“ hoping (Ginn) Miss Morley continues the study of plant thereby to enlist sympathy in the cause of their life along the same lines pursued in the work above restoration and preservation.” The book contains mentioned. The same flowers are treated, with very brief accounts of the several Missions, is beau- added information regarding their peculiar features. tifully printed, admirably illustrated with half-tone In a second division of the book, under the head of views, and is appropriately bound ; and we hope it “ Stories about all Sorts of Things,” a simple ac- may result, as its author so fondly trusts, in awaken- count is given of the structure and uses of cells, ing an increased interest in those monuments along pollen, nectar, and other vital parts of the flower. our western coast that mark one of the most pictur- In all Miss Morley's books the illustrations are a esque phases of the colonization of our land. notable attraction, the graceful way in which they are thrown around and across the text arresting the The study of “English Lyric Poetry, 1500–1700,” eye with pleasing effects. English lyric edited by Dr. Frederick Ives Car- poetry. penter, is the latest volume in the When two writers of marked ability “Warwick Library” (Scribner), and the only vol- A masterpiece of bird literature. in both literature and natural his- ume thus far contributed to the series by an Amer- tory unite to produce a work giving ican scholar. Dr. Carpenter's introduction of nearly scope to their special talents, the public has reason fifty pages traces the development of the English to expect a masterpiece of its kind. In the “Citi- lyric from the earliest times to the close of the zen Bird” (Macmillan), by Mrs. Mabel Osgood Restoration period, and is a study both subtle and Wright and Dr. Elliott Coues, this expectation is real- scholarly. The selections, which run from Skelton ized. Seldom is the plan of a book so admirably to Dryden, are made with unfailing taste ; the edi- conceived and in every detail so excellently ful- tor has ransacked the abundant modern literature filled. The volume is designed to win young of the subject, and set side by side with the familiar people to a love of the birds, and presents its mat- songs many unfamiliar but almost equally beautiful ter in the form of a story, which from beginning to pieces. We can never agree with him in attributing end never falters in interest. One knows not “Roses, their sharp spines being gone" to Fletcher, whether most to applaud the ingenuity manifest in but this is our only quarrel with an editor whose the varied scenes, the wit that enlivens them all, or taste and whose thorough knowledge of the subject the enticing manner in which information of a alike command respect. Dr. Carpenter has also solid character is inserted in the narrative. Over published, at the University of Chicago Press, an a hundred birds are introduced, and their portraits * Outline Guide to the Study of English Lyric are given in black and white by Mr. Louis Agassiz Poetry,” which every teacher of English literature Fuertes, a young artist whose original and striking will be glad to have. It covers the entire history transcripts of bird-life are exciting mingled wonder of the subject, and provides thousands of references and delight among ornithologists. for the student, besides a helpful body of sugges- tions for the use of the instructor. Dr. Carpenter The Spanish Catching a glimpse of a book with has made the subject of the English lyric peculiarly Missions of the title “The Missions of California: California. his own, and his work is distinct credit to Ameri- Their Establishment, Progress, and can scholarship. Decay” (William Doxey, San Francisco), the re- viewer who knows anything of the possibilities of It is rather remarkable that such a Hannibal as the that subject is apt to drop everything else and reach hero of a nation. subject as “Hannibal" in the “ He- out after that book, with the thought that the one nem roes of the Nations" series (Putnam) long waited for has come at last. For full justice should have been given to an author who does not read has never yet been done to the religious settlements German, yet Mr. William O'Connor Morris, in his along the Pacific coast, which colonized and evan- preface, frankly states this to be the case. German 224 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL 6 G scholars have contributed so much to our knowl. LITERARY NOTES. edge of Roman history that not to know German would seem, in this instance, to indicate ignorance Moser's “ Der Bibliothekar,” edited by Professor B. of the principal authorities on the subject of the W. Wells, is published by Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co. essay. The many and accurate references to Latin, Messrs. Truslove and Comba, of New York, publish French, and English authorities show, however, that a “Compendium of Italian Pronunciation," by Mr. T. E. the author has written with scholarly care. A fine Comba. presentation of conditions existing in Rome and in M. Zola's “ Lourdes ” is issued by the Macmillan Co. Carthage, just previous to Hannibal's campaigns, in a neat two-volume edition, uniform with the author's “Rome." is followed by a clear account of the various battles and military movements, so far as it is possible to A second edition, considerably enlarged, of “Chris- know them. The author's language is well chosen, tianity and Idealism,” by Dr. John Watson, of Kingston, and were it not for the repetition of certain forms Canada, is published by the Macmillan Co. of expression the descriptive bits of writing would Messrs. Harper & Brothers publish a new edition of "Georgia Scenes,” by“ a native Georgian,” a work that be very good reading. The book has a good index and is well supplied with maps. made its first appearance as long ago as 1840. Professor J. S. Kingsley, of Tufts College, is the author of the Elements of Comparative Zoölogy," just published by Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. BRIEFER MENTION. A volume of “Studies in Literature and Composi- tion,” by Superintendent W. H. Skinner, of Nebraska Mr. John Henry Comstock’s volume entitled “Insect City, is published by Mr. J. H. Miller, Lincoln, Life” (Appleton) is a manual for the use of teachers Nebraska. and students in the elementary department of ento- Bright Threads," by Miss Julia H. Johnston, and mology. Its plan embraces field and class work, both “ Daily Light and Strength,” a diary of devotional se- arranged with a view to combining the attractive fea- tures of the study and an exact and thorough pursuit of lections, are two recent publications of Messrs. T. Y. Crowell & Co. it. The text is written in a simple thougb serious style, A “ Third Year in French," by Mr. L. C. Syms, is and is accompanied with a multitude of engravings, published by the American Book Co., and completes many of them original, and all examples of the finest workmanship. the course in French prepared by the author for pre- paratory school use. “ Physics: An Elementary Text-Book for Uviversity The latest of Mr. G. P. Humphrey's “ American Classes," by Mr. C. G. Knott, is published by the J. B. Lippincott Co. It is a stout volume of three hundred Colonial Tracts” is a reprint of “ Nova Britannia," and fifty pages. A book that is elementary in a far dated 1609, and “offering most excellent fruits by more literal sense is Mr. C. L. Harrington's “Physics planting in Virginia." for Grammar Schools,” issued by the American Book Messrs. Herbert S. Stone & Co. are the publishers Co. In this connection we may also mention Professor of “ Maude," a juvenile production of that precocious A. E. Dolbear 's “ Modes of Motion,” published by child of genius, Christina Rossetti. It was written in Messrs. Lee & Shepard, and the “ Elements of Chem- 1850, before the author was twenty years of age. istry,” by Mr. Rufus P. Williams, published by Messrs. Mr. S. E. Cassino, of Boston, is to publish “ Little Ginn & Co. Folks,” a new magazine for children. Mr. and Mrs. “ A First Book in Writing English” (Macmillan), by Charles Stuart Pratt are to be the editors, and the Dr. Edwin Herbert Lewis, is an elementary text-book periodical will make its first appearance some time of rhetoric and composition, the direct outcome of prac- during this month. tical teaching in the class-room. The author states that “ The Librarian of the Sunday School,” by Miss he has “tried to present a large number of definite Elizabeth Louise Foote (Eaton & Mains) is a small situations to be faced for constructive practice both in manual of library practice as it relates to Sunday-school organization and in diction ; and to give in simple, even work, and may be commended as both sensible and colloquial language, all the larger generalizations which helpful in its suggestions. a boy presenting himself at college might reasonably be Messrs. T. Y. Crowell & Co. have published a hand- expected to have been using for two or three years as some library edition of “ John Halifax, Gentleman,” touchstones of his own work." The book is one of the with illustrations by Miss Alice Barber Stephens, at a best for high-school use that we have seen, clear in its moderate price. The book would make an appropriate statements, logical in its arrangement of material, and and inexpensive holiday gift. provided with great numbers of practical exercises and Recent text-books published by the Macmillan Co. apt illustrative quotations. are a “ French Practical Course,” by M. Jules Magne- “ The Age of Milton,” by the Rev. J. Howard B. nat; an “ Analytic Geometry for Technical Schools and Masterman (Macmillan), is the fourth volume thus far Colleges," by Mr. P. A. Lambert; and the “Outlines published in the series of “ Handbooks of English Lit- of Elementary Economics,” by Mr. Herbert J. Daven- erature" edited by Professor J. W. Hales. The period port. covered is that from 1632 to the Restoration, although Messrs. Maynard, Merrill & Co. publish “ The Young in the case of a few writers the history is projected into American,” a “civic reader,” by Professor Harry Pratt the period already covered by Dr. Garnett's “ Age of Judson. It is an elementary survey of American his- Dryden.” Milton alone fills about one-third of the tory and politics, interspersed with selections in verse book, Browne and Fuller being the only other writers to and prose, and illustrated with a number of gaudy have whole chapters to themselves. colored plates. The same publishers send us a volume a 1897.] 225 THE DIAL 66 pp. 318, of selections from the “ Viri Rome" and Cornelius Nepos, edited by Messrs. John T. Buchanan and R. A. Minckwitz. The recent educational publications of Messrs. Ginn & Co. includes “ Eight Books of Homer's Odyssey," edited by Professors Perrin and Seymour, of Yale University;“ The Second Book of Cæsar's Gallic War," edited by Mr. William C. Collar ; and “ Flowers and Their Friends," a book for children, by Miss Margaret W. Morley One of the most interesting of the lists of autumn announcements sent out by the English publishers is that of Mr. T. Fisher Unwin of London. In addition to the many books on his list that will be re-published in this country by various houses, and the purely Am- erican works that he will handle in England, Mr. Unwin's most important announcements include “My Life in Two Hemispheres," by Sir Charles Gavan Duffy ; "Letters of Dante Gabriel Rossetti to William Allingham, 1854–1870," edited by G. Birkbeck Hill, D.C.L.; "The Private Papers of William Wilberforce"; “Tourguéneff and his French Circle," a series of let- ters, edited by H. Halperine-Kaminsky ; " The Life and Adventures of Mr. Endymion Porter,” by Dorothea Townshend ; “Greece in the Nineteenth Century," by Lewis Sergeant ; “ The Welsh People,” edited by John Rhys and David Brynmor Jones ; “Communism in Middle Europe in the Time of the Reformation,” by Karl Kautsky; “ Lives of Great Italians,” by Frank Horridge ; and “ A Selection from the Poems of Ma- thilde Blind,” edited by Arthur Symons. All of Mr. Unwin's publications that are not regularly issued in this country may be obtained from Messrs. G. P. Put- nam's Sons of New York. " Social Transformations of the Victorian Age: A Survey of Court and Country: By T. H. S. Escott. 8vo, uncut, pp. 450. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. Contemporary American Opinion of the French Revo- lution. By Charles Downer Hagen, Ph.D. 8vo, uncut, Johns Hopkins University Studies." $2. GENERAL LITERATURE. The Boston Browning Society Papers. Selected to Rop- rosent the Work of the Society from 1886-1897. Large 8vo, pp. 503. Macmillan Co. $3. net. The Scholar and the State, and Other Orations and Ad- dresses. By Henry Codman Potter, D.D. 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 335. Century Co. $2. The Literary History of the American Revolution, 1763– 1783. By Moses Coit Tyler. Vol. II., 1776-1783. 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 527. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $3. English Lands, Letters, and Kings. By Donald G. Mitchell. Vol. IV., The Later Georges to Victoria. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 294. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50. Varla. By Agnes Repplier. 12mo, pp. 232. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25. Gleanings in Buddha-Fields: Studies of Hand and Soul in the Far East. By Lafcadio Hearn. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 296. Houghton, Miffin & Co. $1.25. The Confessions of a Collector. By William Carew Haz- litt. 12mo, uncut, pp. 360. Dodd, Mead & Co. $2. The Occasional Address: Its Composition and Literature. By Lorenzo Sears, L.H.D. 12mo, pp. 343. G. P. Put- nam's Song. $1.25. In Indian Tents:Stories Told by Penobscot, Passamaquoddy, and Micmac Indians to Abby L. Alger. 12mo, uncut, pp. 139. Roberts Bros. $1. Bon-Mots of the Eighteenth century. Edited by Walter Jerrold. Illus., 24mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 195. Macmillan Co. 75 cts. The Ministry of Art. By Frank Milton Bristol. Illus., 16mo, pp. 272. Curts & Jennings. 90 cts. NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. Spenser's Faerie Queene. Pictured and Decorated by Louis Fairfax Muckley; with Introduction by John W. Hales, M.A. In 2 vols., large 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. Macmillan Co. $15. “Centenary" Edition of Carlyle's Works. New vols.: Cromwell's Letters and Speeches, Vol. IV.; Life of John Sterling; and Past and Present. Each with portraits, 8vo, uncut. Charles Scribner's Sons. Per vol., $1.25. Dombey and Son. By Charles Dickens. “Gadshill" edi- tion, edited by Andrew Lang. In 2 vols., illus., 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. Charles Scribner's Sons. $3. Rameau's Nephew. A Translation from Diderot's auto- graphic text by Sylvia Margaret Hill. 12mo, uncut, pp. 176. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.25. The Rivals. By Richard Brinsley Sheridan; edited by G. A. Aitken. With frontispiece, 24mo, gilt top, uncut, “Temple Dramatists." Macmillan Co. 45 cts. POETRY. Selected Poems. By George Meredith. With portrait, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 249. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.75. Amphrbessa: A Legend of Argolis, and Other Poems. By George Horton. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 91. London: T. Fisher Unwin. The House of the Heart. By Irving Browne. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 156. Peter Paul Book Co. Whisperings of a Wind-Harp. By Anne Throop. 12mo, pp. 26. New York: The Author. Paper, $1. FICTION. American Nobility. By Pierre de Coulevain. 12mo, pp. 498. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50. The Story of an Untold Love. By Paul Leicester Ford. 12mo, pp. 348. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25. The Secret Rose. By W. B. Yeats ; illas. by J. B. Yeats. 12mo, uncut, pp. 265. Dodd, Mead & Co. $2. Eat Not Thy Heart. By Julien Gordon. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 318. H. S. Stone & Co. $1.25. Kallistratus: An Autobiography. By A. H. Gilkes. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 241. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.50. The Federal Judge. By Charles K. Lush. 16mo, pp. 355. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25. LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 158 titles, includes books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] 9 pp. 170. : BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS. Alfred Lord Tennyson: A Memoir. By his son. In 2 vols., large 8vo, illus. in photogravure, etc., gilt tops, uncut. Macmillan Co. $10. Recollections of Aubrey De Vere. With portrait, large 8vo, uncut, pp. 374. Edward Arnold. $4. Verdi, Man and Musician: His Biography with Especial Ref- erence to His English Experiences. By Frederick J. Crow- est. With portraits, 8vo, uncut, pp. 306. Chas. Scribner's Sons. $2.50. Sir Walter Scott. By George Saintsbury. 12mo, pp. 158. “Famous Scots." Charles Scribner's Sons. 75 cts. The Brontë3: Fact and Fiction. By Angus M. McKay, B.A. do 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 187. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50. Phillip II. of Spain. By Martin A. S. Hume. 12mo, pp. 267. " Foreign Statesmen." Macmillan Co. 75 cts. HISTORY. The History of Mankind. By Professor Friedrich Ratzel ; trang. from the second German edition by A. J. Butler, M.A.; with Introduction by E. B. Tylor, D.C.L. Vol. II.; illus, in colors, etc., 4to, gilt top, pp. 562. Macmillan Co. $4. The Battle of Franklin, Tennessee, November 30, 1864: A Monograph. By Jacob D. Cox. With maps, 8vo, pp. 351. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2. Historical Memorials of Ely Cathedral: In Two Lectures. By Charles William Stubbs, D.D., Dean of Ely. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 166. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50. Life in Early Britain: Being an Account of the Early In- habitants of this Island and the Memorials which They Have Left behind Them. By Bertram C. A.Windle, D.Sc. Illas., 12mo, uncut, pp. 244. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25. 226 [Oct. 16, THE DIAL 1 . 9 66 9 The History of the Lady Botty Stair. By Molly Elliot Seawell. Illus., 12mo, pp. 144. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25. A Soldier of Manhattan, and his Adventures at Ticonderoga and Quebec. By Joseph A. Altsheler, 12mo, pp. 316. D. Appleton & Co. $1.; paper, 50 cts. The Eye of Istar: A Romance of the Land of No Return. By William Le Queux. Illus., 12mo, pp. 382. Frederick A. Stokes Co. $1.25. Phyllis in Bohemia. By L. H. Bickford and Richard Still- man Powell. Illus., 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 233. H. S. Stone & Co. $1.25. Lourdes. By Emile Zola ; trans. by Ernest A. Vizetelly. New edition, revised and corrected; in 2 vols., 16mo. Macmillan Co. $2. A Child in the Temple. By Frank Mathew. 12mo, uncut, pp. 177. John Lane. $1. Lying Prophets. By Eden Phillpotts. 12mo, pp. 496. F. A. Stokes Co. $1.25. Barbara, Lady's Maid and Peeress. By Mrs. Alexander. 12mo, pp. 344. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25. Salted with Fire: A Story of a Minister. By George Mac- donald, 12mo, pp. 324. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50. The Birthright. By Joseph Hocking. Illus., 12mo, pp. 367. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25. Diana Victrix. By Florence Converse. 16mo, pp. 362. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25. For the Love of Tonita, and Other Tales of the Mesas. By Charles Fleming Embree. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 265. H. S. Stone & Co. $1.25. Pomona's Travels. By Frank R. Stockton ; illus. by A. B. Frost. New edition ; 12mo, pp. 275. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50. The Man of the Family. By Christian Reid. 12mo, pp. 336. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.; paper, 50 cts. Uncle Lisha's Outing. By Rowland E. Robinson. 16mo, pp. 308. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25. Fortune's Footballs. By G. B. Burgin. 12mo, pp. 272. D. Appleton & Co. $1.; paper, 50 cts. Margot. By Sidney Pickering. 12mo, pp. 317. G. P. Put- nam's Sons. $1.; paper, 50 cts. Van Hoff; or, The New Faust. By Alfred Smythe. With portrait, 12mo, pp. 322. Am. Publishers Corporation. $1.; paper, 50 cts. The New Man: A Chronicle of the Modern Time. By Ellis Paxson Oberholtzer. 12mo, pp. 487. Philadelphia : The Levytype Co. $1. Shellah McLeod: A Heroine of the Back Blocks. By Guy Boothby. Illus., 18mo, uncut, pp. 255. F. A. Stokes Co. 75 cts. A Dog of Constantinople. By Izora C. Chandler. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 215. Dodd, Mead & Co. 75 cts. TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION. The New Africa: A Record of Exploration and Sport on a Journey up the Chobe and down the Okovanga Rivers. By Aurel Schulz, M.D., and August Hammar, C.E. Illus., large 8vo, uncut, pp. 406. Charles Scribner's Sons. $6. White Man's Africa. „By Poultney Bigelow.. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 271. Harper & Bros. $2.50. The Ayrshire Homes and Haunts of Burns. By Henry C. Shelley. Illus., 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 149. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25. Klondike: A Manual for Goldseekers. By Charles A. Bramble, D.L.S. 12mo, pp. 313. R. F. Fenno & Co. $1.25. THEOLOGY AND RELIGION. A History of Christianity in the Apostolic Age. By Arthur Cushman McGiffert, Ph.D. 8vo, pp. 681. “Inter- national Theological Library." Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50 net. The Holy Land in Geography and in History. By Town- send MacCoun, A.M. In 2 vols., with maps, 16mo. New York: The Author. $2 net. Christianity and Idealism. By John Watson, LL.D. New edition, with additions ; 12mo, uncut, pp. 292. Macmillan Co. $1.75. The Epistles to the Philippians and to Philemon. By Rev. Marvin R. Vincent, D.D. 8vo, pp. 201. “Interna- tional Critical Commentary." Charles Scribner's Sons. $2 net. A History of American Christianity. By Leonard Wool- sey Bacon. 8vo, pp. 429. Christian Literature Co. $2. The Bible and Islam; or, The Influence of the Old and New Testaments on the Religion of Mohammed: Being the Ely Lectures for 1897. By Henry Preserved Smith, D.D. 12mo, pp. 319. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50. The Christ of God: The Rationale of the Deity of Jesus Christ. By Charles H. Mann. 16mo, gilt top, pp. 120. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1. The Greater Gospel. By John M. Bamford. 18mo, gilt top, pp. 159. Eaton & Mains. 50 cts. The Talmud. By Arséne Darmesteter; trans. from the French by Henrietta Szold. 12mo, pp. 97. Jewish Pub'n Society of America. 30 cts. PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY. The Conception of God: A Philosophical Discussion. By Josiah Royce, Joseph Le Conte, G. H. Howison, and Sidney Edward Mezes. 12mo, uncut, pp. 354. Macmillan Co. $1.75 net. The Psychology of the Emotions. By Th. Ribot. 12mo, pp. 455. “Contemporary Science Series." Charles Scrib ner's Sons. $1.25. Studies in Psychical Research. By Frank Podmore, M.A. 8vo, pp. 458. G. P. Patnam's Sons. $2. The New Psychology. By E. W. Scripture, Ph.D. Dllas., 12mo, pp. 500. Contemporary Science Series." Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25. An Outline Introductory to Kant's “Critique of Pure Reason." 16mo, pp. 95. Henry Holt & Co. 75 cts. SCIENCE AND NATURE. Volcanoes of North America: A Reading Lesson for Students of Geography and Geology. By Israel C. Russell. Illus., large 8vo, uncut, pp. 346. Macmillan Co. $4. The Dawn of Astronomy: A Study of the Temple-Worship and Mythology of the Ancient Egyptians. By J. Norman Lockyer. Illus., large 8vo, uncut, pp. 432. Macmillan Co. $3. Natural History. By R. Lydekker, B.A., R. Bowdler Sharpe, LL.D., and others. Illus., 12mo, pp. 771. “Con- cise Knowledge Library.' D. Appleton & Co. $2. My_Studio Neighbors. Written and illus. by William Hamilton Gibson. Large 8vo, pp. 245. Harper & Bros. $2.50. Wild Neighbors. Out-door Studies in the United States. By Ernest Ingersoll. Illus., 12mo, pp. 301. Macmillan Co. $1.50. Nature's Diary. Compiled by Francis H. Allen. Illus., 16mo. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25. Curious Homes and their Tenants. By James Carter Beard. Illus., 12mo, pp. 275. “Home Reading Books." D. Appleton & Co. 65 cts. Practical Electrics: A Universal Handy-Book on Every. day Electrical Matters. Illus., 12mo, pp. 135. Spon & Chamberlain. 75 cts. The Story of Germ Life. By H. W. Conn. Illus., 18mo, pp. 199. “Library of Useful Stories." D. Appleton & Co. 40 cts. SOCIOLOGY. The Non-Religion of the Future: A Sociological Study. Trans. from the French of M. Guyan. 8vo, pp. 543. Henry Holt & Co. $3. THE DRAMA. The English Stage: Being an Account of the_Victorian Drama. By Augustin Filon; trans. from the French by Frederic Whyte; with Introduction by Henry Arthur Jones. 8vo, uncut, pp. 319. Dodd, Mead & Co. $2.50. REFERENCE. A Dictionary of American Authors. By Oscar Fay Adams. 8vo, gilt top, pp. 444. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $3. Catalogue of the Corbett Collection of Casts from Greek and Roman Sculture, belonging to the Portland Art Asso- ciation. 12mo, pp. 173. Published by the Association. BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG. Joan of Arc. By Boutet de Monvel. Illus, in colors, large 4to, pp. 48. Century Co. $3. Three Operettas. By Henry C. Bunner; music by Oscar Weil. Illus., large 8vo, pp. 163. Harper & Brothers. $2.50. The Century Book of the American Revolution. By Elbridge S. Brooks ; with Introduction by Chauncey M. Depew. Illus., 4to, pp. 249. Century Co. $1.50, in 1897.] 227 THE DIAL New Edition of Mrs. Burnett's Juveniles. In 5 vols., comprising : Little Lord Fauntleroy, Piccino and Other Stories, Sarah Crewe and Little Saint Elizabeth, Two Lit- tle Pilgrims's Progress, and Giovanni and the Other. Each illus., 12mo. Charles Scribner's Sons. Per vol., $1.25 ; per set, boxed, $6. Little Grown-Ups. Plates in water-colors by Maud Hum- phrey; decorative designs and text by Elizabeth S. Tucker. 4to. F. A. Stokes Co. $2. Adventures in Toyland. By Edith King Hall. Illus. in colors, etc., large 8vo, gilt edges, pp. 152. Charles Scrib- ner's Sons. $2. The Adventures of Mabel. By Rafford Pyke. Illus., 8vo, uncut, pp. 245. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.75. The Young Mountaineers : Short Stories. By Charles Egbert Craddock. Illus., 12mo, pp. 262. Houghton, Miffin & Co. $1.50. With Frederick the Great: A Story of the Seven Years' War. By G. A. Henty. lllus., 12mo, pp. 374. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50. Lords of the World: A Story of the Fall of Carthage and Corinth. By Rev. Alfred J. Church. Illus., 12mo, pp. 387. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50. Master Skylark: A Story of Shakspere's Time. By John Bennett. Illus., 12mo, pp. 380. Century Co. $1.50. The Last Three Soldiers. By William Henry Shelton. Illus., 12mo, pp. 324. Century Co. $1.50. The Golden Crocodile. By F. Mortimer Trimmer, 12mo, pp. 318. Roberts Bros. $1.50. The Missing Prince. By G. E. Farrow. Illus., 8vo, pp. 198. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50. A New Baby World: Stories, Rhymes, and Pictures, for Little Folks. Compiled from "St. Nicholas " by Mary Mapes Dodge. Illus., 4to, pp. 200. Century Co. $1.50. The Big-Horn Treasure: A Tale of Rocky Mountain Ad- venture. By John F. Cargill. Illus., 12mo, pp. 327. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.25. The Last Cruise of the Mohawk: A Boy's Adventures in the Navy in the War of the Rebellion. By W.J. Henderson. Illus., 12mo, pp. 278. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25. 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The new volumes comprising “ Agenor de Mauléon," 2 vols.; “The Brigand," a romance of the reign of Don Carlos, to which is added « Blanche de Beaulieu," 1 vol.; “The Horoscope," a romance of the reign of Francis II., 1 vol.; “Sylvandre," a romance of the reign of Louis XIV., 1 vol.; “ Monsieur de Chauvlin's Will and the Woman with the Velvet Necklace,” 1 vol. In all, 6 vols., 12mo, with 18 portraits and plates. Decorated cloth, gilt top, $1.25 per volume. THE INTEREST OF THE UNITED STATES IN SEA POWER, PRESENT AND FUTURE. By Captain A. T. MAHAN. Crown 8vo, cloth, $2.00. HANIA. Translated from the Polish of HENRYK SIENKIEWICZ, author of “Quo Vadis," etc., by Jeremiah Curtin. Crown 8vo, cloth, $2.00. For sale by all Booksellers. Sent prepaid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers, LITTLE, BROWN, & CO., 254 Washington Street, Boston. THE DIAL PRESS, CHICAOU. dreea NOV 1 1897 THE DIAL A SEMI- MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. EDITED BY FRANCIS F. BROWNE. } Volume XXIII. No. 273. CHICAGO, NOV. 1, 1897. 10 cts. a copy. 82. a year. { 315 WABASA AVE. Opposite Auditorium. LITERATURE T A Weekly Gazette of LITERARY CRITICISM, COMMENT, AND CHRONICLE. Price: 10 cents a copy, $4.00 a year. HE admirable distinctness and singleness of purpose that mark this new periodical find expression in its title. Literature, and literature alone, is to be its theme. The aim of its publishers will be to make it essentially the organ of the literary classes in the widest sense of the term, impartial and authoritative in its literary criticism, and a comprehensive and trust- worthy medium of literary intelligence. An earnest and an honest attempt will be made to deal with the best literature of every country on its literary merits alone, without prejudice, without national prepossessions. To English and to American works a certain prominence will almost inevi- tably be given ; but this natural preference will not exclude reviews of the more important of the volumes issuing from the publishing centres on the continent of Europe. Though Literature will consist mainly of reviews of books, it will invite correspondence on and will itself deal with any literary subject of permanent or of current interest to the writing, publish- ing, or reading world. The rule of anonymity will be generally observed in its reviews, though not with unvarying strictness; and a refreshing novelty is suggested in the statement that every endeavor will be made to find room for the proper expression of adverse views over the signature of any correspondent. It is proposed to publish weekly, or as often as the occasion may arise, a bibliog- raphy of some topic of the time, in order to furnish the reader with a list of all the works which can be consulted on the subject. The record of new publications will be made as complete as possible, but in the selection of books for review the editor will be guided solely by his judgment of their literary value. This seems to be, or should seem to be, a matter of course, but, in point of fact, it is a noteworthy innovation, for the practice of indiscriminately reviewing, or, at any rate, noticing, every book which issues from the press is one which, by the stimulus it affords to the pro- duction of worthless work, is tending seriously to the degradation of literary standards and to the confusion and disgust of readers. Instead of giving to books which are unworthy of any notice at all the help of even a scathing criticism, Literature will apply to them the far more effective treat- ment of neglect. On the other hand, it is hoped that every important work may be reviewed within three weeks after its publication. Evidently Literature, by virtue of its definite and undeviating aim, has a field all its own — a very useful and a liberal field to work in and to prosper in. And not less evidently it has that indispensable thing — the positive character which appears to be a prime condition of success in the equipment of a publication not less, or scarcely less, than in the career of an individual. The selection of Mr. H. D. TRAILL as editor of Literature finds its warrant in the broad critical faculty and masculine sanity of judgment which characterize that well-known writer. Mr. BARRETT WENDELL, Assistant Professor of English at Harvard College, will contribute a weekly letter upon topics of literary interest in America. HARPER & BROTHERS, Publishers : New York City. 234 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY'S NEW WORKS OF FICTION. CAPTAIN CHARLES KING'S NEW NOVEL: : The General's Double. By Captain CHARLES KING, U.S.A., author of “Captain Blake,” etc. With illustrations by J. STEEPLE Davis. 12mo, cloth, $1.25. For several years Captain King has written no long story. His readers will therefore greet with especial welcome this important novel of kindred length and interest with “A Colonel's Daughter” and “ Marion's Faith." King Washington. A Romance of the Hudson. By ADELAIDE SKEEL and WILLIAM H. BREARLEY. 12mo, cloth, $1.25. Washington is at the present time the foremost figure in literary interest; as Napoleon was a year or two ago. Two startling incidents in his career enter into the plot of this story, which is, at the same time, a charming love-tale. The Hermit of Nottingham. A Novel. By CHARLES CONRAD ABBOTT, author of " A Colonial Wooing,” etc. 12mo, buck- ram, ornamental, $1.25. Extremely favorable as has been the reception accorded Dr. Abbott's previous novels, this book is a marked advance over anything in fiction he has yet written. The Two Offenders. By Ouida. In Lippincott's Series of Select Novels for October, 1897. 12mo, paper, 50 cts.; cloth, $1.00. The Pride of the Mercers. Chalmette. By T. C. DELEon, author of “ Creole and Puritan,” | By Clinton Ross, author of “The Scarlet Coat," etc. 12mo, cloth, deckle edges, $1.25. “ Zuleka," etc. 12mo, cloth extra, deckle edges, with frontispiece, $1.50. Dead Selves. By Julia MAGRUDER, author of “The Princess A Queen of Hearts. Sonia,” etc. 12mo, cloth, ornamental, $1.25. By ELIZABETH PHIPPS TRAIN, author of “A Social Highwayman,” etc. 12mo, cloth, deckle edges, A Damsel Errant. $1.25. By AMELIE RIVES, author of “ The Quick or the Under Two Flags. Dead?” etc., etc. To be issued in “ The Lotus Library." 16mo, polished buckram, 75 cts. By OUIDA. With illustrations by G. MONTBARD. Two volumes in one. Large 12mo, cloth, $1.50. Barbara, Lady's Maid and Peeress. A Desert Drama. By Mrs. ALEXANDER. 12mo, cloth, ornamental, Being the Tragedy of the Korosko. By A. CONAN $1.25. DOYLE. (In press.) Sold by Booksellers everywhere, or mailed, upon receipt of price, by the Publishers, J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, 715-717 Market Street, Philadelphia. 1897.] THE DIAL 295 The Macmillan Company's New Books. Biography, Etc. English Literature. In addition to the incomparable life of Lord Tennyson PALORAVE. in two volumes — of which the papers are filling their The Golden Treasury. Second Series. Modern literary columns with such comments as “ Easily the Poetry. Selected from the best Songs and Lyrical Poems in the English Language, and Arranged, with biography not of the year, but of the decade" (New York Notes, by FRANCIS T. PALGRAVE, late Professor in the Times) — there have appeared: University of Oxford. 18mo, cloth. Price, $1.00. SCOTT. WALKER. The Homes and Haunts of Sir Walter Scott. The Age of Tennyson. By HUGH WALKER, M.A., By GEORGE C. NAPIER, M.A., author of "The Homes (A new volume in “Handbooks of English Literature, and Haunts of Tennyson." Fully illustrated, and edited by Professor J. W. Hales, M.A.) 12mo, cloth. printed on Japanese vellum paper. The edition is Price, 90 cts. net. limited to 550 copies. Royal 8vo, buckram elegant, gilt top and side, pp. xiv.+216. Price, $10.00 net. JAMESON. MORRIS. Shakespeare's Heroines. By Anna JAMESON. William Morris. His Art, His Writings, and With twenty-five Portraits of famous Players in Char His Public Life. By AYLMER VALLANCE, M.A., acter. 12mo, cloth, ornamental, pp. ix. +341. Price, $2. The analysis of the characters has been supplemented by portraits F.S.A. With 40 Reproductions in Half-tone of Designs of celebrated actresses who have played the parts, thus presenting the by WILLIAM MORRIS, and a Colored Frontispiece and heroines through the medium by which Shakespeare intended his crea Portrait. Binding by the Author. Imperial 8vo, cloth tions to meet the eye of the public. ornamental, pp. 462. Price, $12.50. KEATS. As the title indicates, this volume is not offered as an intimate biography of its hero, or ALMOST READY. The Poems of John Keats. as a consideration of him as artist only, but as The Endymion Series. Illustra- a full and accurate record of the public life of Story of Gladstone's Life. tions by ROBERT ANNING BELL, one who, more than any other, influenced the tastes of English-speaking peoples during the By JUSTIN MOCARTHY, M.P. Cloth, and Introduction by WALTER latter half of the nineteenth century. 8vo. Price, $5.00. RALEIGH, 12mo, cloth, ornamen- SICHEL. Mr. McCarthy's long experience in the House tal, pp. viii.+ 337. Price, $2.00. of Commons and his researches preparatory to An exceptionally dainty edition of Keate's The Household of the La- writing his "History of Our Own Times" have poems. In the many fine illustrations Mr. Bell given him an amount of knowledge, first hand is seen at his best. fayettes. By Edith SICHEL. and acquired, which makes this volume a trust- With a Frontispiece and many worthy record. The history of the years of HIGGINSON. Portraits. 8vo, cloth, pp. 354. Gladstone's mature life is the political history A Forest Orchid and Other Price, $4.00. of England during the same time. Stories. By ELLA HIGGINSON, “Not one dull page in Edith Sichel's force- ful, scholarly, and enthusiastic study of the The Old Santa Fe Trail. author of “From the Land of the great Lafayette and his household." — New Snow-Pearls." 12mo, cloth, orna- York Herald. The History of a Great Highway. mental, pp. 242. Price, $1.50. By Col. HENRY INMAN, late of the U.S. History and Political Army. Cloth, 8vo. Price, $3.50. Science. With a Map of the Trail, and eight full-page BALDWIN. photogravures of Illustrations by Frederic ADAMS. Remington, and other illustrations in the form Social Interpretations of the of initials and tail-pieces. Portraits of Kit The Growth of the French Principles of Mental Devel- Carson and other famous plainsmen. Nation. By GEORGE BURTON The work is full of action from the start, for opment. By J. MARK BALDWIN, ADAMS, Professor of History, almost from the time Coronado with his Span- M.A., Ph.D., Professor of Psy- iards discovered it, it has been a frequently Yale University. Crown 8vo, chology in Princeton University. travelled way, until the railroad following cloth. Price, $i.25. 8vo, cloth. Price, $2.60 net. almost along its very track destroyed the need “The insight and lucidity, and the close of it forever. Along it passed, one after the Awarded the gold medal of the Royal Acad. grasp of essentials necessary for such a work, other, the mule train, the wagon caravan, the emy of Science and Letters of Denmark for the are rare gifts, which Professor Adams evi. troops on their way to Mexico, the scouts and best work on a general question in Social Ethics dently possesmes."-London Spectator. guards of emigrant trains, the beaver trapper put in competition by the Academy at the be- and buffalo hunter; and from hunter, scout, ginning of 1895. There were nine memoirs sub- JOHNSTON. guide, and trapper, Col. Inman has gathered mitted, written in four languages. Professor Battle of Harlem Heights. of their best and given us in this book. Baldwin's manuscript consisted in the main of the material of this work. An Historical Sketch of the Battle Fought September 16th, 1776, on the Plateau now known Science. as Morningside Heights, with a Review of the Preced- GEIKIE. ing Campaign In and Near New York City. By Prof. HENRY P. JOHNSTON, A.M., Professor of History, Col- The Founders of Geology. By Sir ARCHIBALD lege of the City of New York. Gilt cloth, $2.00. (Pub- GEIKIE, Hon. D.C.L. Oxford, Hon. D.Sc. Cambridge, lished by the Columbia University Press.) Dublin, Hon. LL.D. Edinburgh, St. Andrews, Director A portrait of Colonel Thomas Knowlton, reproduced from Trum- General of the Geological Survey of Great Britain and bull's painting of the Battle of Bunker Hill, serves as a frontisplece, Ireland. 8vo, cloth, pp. x.+ 297. Price, $2.00. and there are views of the scene of the battle, two double-page maps in A course of Lectures delivered at the Johns Hopkins University to colors showing the relative positions of the American and British troops inaugurate the Lectureship founded in that seminary in memory of the preceding the battle and during action, and smaller maps. late George Huntington Williams. WILCOX. For Children. The Study of City Government. Outline of the COONLEY. Problems of Municipal Functions, Control, and Organ- ization. By Delos F. Wilcox, Ph.D. Cloth. Price, Singing Verses for Children. Words by LYDIA $1.50. AVERY COONLEY. Pictures by ALICE KELLOGG TYLER. The author discusses in turn problems of function, of control, and Music by ELEANOR SMITH, JESSIE L. GAYNOR, FRED- of organization, and his book will be very useful, not only to students ERIC W. Root, and FRANK H. ATKINSON, Jr. Oblong in colleges and secondary schools, but even more to any class of citizens 4to, cloth, ornamental. Price, $2.00 net. who are interested in the betterment of municipal conditions through A rare combination of poetry, art, and music for the cultivation of the development of intelligence and the sense of civic responsibility. good taste in children. Philosophy. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, No. 66 Fifth Avenue, New York. 236 (Nov. 1, 1897. THE DIAL D. Appleton & Company's New Books THE STORY OF THE COWBOY. By E. Hough, author of "The Singing Mouse Stories," etc. A new volume in The Story of the West Series, edited by RIPLEY HITCHCOCK. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. "An unusually vivid and interesting picture of Western life.". New York Herald. “Nothing fresher or finer has been written in many a day. ... An admirable work." – Chicago Evening Post. "A true picture of this vanishing representative of a great human industry." – New York Sun. Volumes of this Series Previously Published. The Story of the Indian. By GEORGE BIRD GRINNELL. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. The Story of the Mine. By CHARLES H. SHINN. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. THE STORY OF GERM LIFE. By H.W.Conn, Professor of Biology at Wesleyan University; author of “The Living World," etc. Library of Useful Stories. Illustrated. 18mo, cloth, 40 cts. NEW LETTERS OF NAPOLEON I. Omitted from the Collection published under the Auspices of Napoleon III. Edited by M. LÉON LECESTRE, Curator of the French Archives. Translated by LADY MARY LOYD. Uniform with Máneval's Memoirs of Napoleon. Cloth, $2.00. FRENCH LITERATURE. By EDWARD DOWDEN, D.Litt., LL.D., Professor of English Literature in the University of Dublin. Literatures of the World Series, edited by EDMUND Gosse, M.A. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. “Certainly the best history of French literature in the English lan- guage." - London Atheneum. NATURAL HISTORY. By R. LYDEKKER, F.R.S., R. BOWDLER SHARPE, LL.D., W. F. KIRBY, F.L.S., R. B. WOODWARD, F.G.S., W. GARSTANG, M.A., H. M. BERNARD, F.L.S., and others. The first volume in The Concise Knowledge Library. With 500 illustrations. 8vo, half binding, $2.00. This work aims to be a concise and popular Natural History, at once accurate in statement, handy in form, and ready for reference. PETER THE GREAT. By K. WALISZEWSKI, author of “The Romance of an Em- press” (Catherine II. of Russia). Uniform edition. 12mo, cloth, with Portrait, $2.00. “A brilliant book, a profound study of human character, and a dispassionate and learned survey of modern Russian history. The historian calls the figure up, makes it move before us. It is a strange, a terrible story, fascinating by the power of the living human force, which compels admiration." - London Sketch. INDUSTRIAL FREEDOM. By David MACGREGOR MEANS. With an Introduction by the Hon. David A. WELLS. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. Mr. Means deals frankly and directly with questions which are now uppermost in the public mind - the present relations of labor and capital, the efficacy of legislation in dealing with economics, the results of interference with the natural laws of trade, the advisability of restricting the accumulation of wealth, the rights and wrongs of corporations, and kindred topics. CHILDREN'S WAYS. Being Selections from the author's "Studies of Childhood," with some additional matter. By JAMES SULLY, M.A., LL.D., Professor of Philosophy of Mind and Logic, Univer- sity College, London ; author of "Studies of Childhood," “Outlines of Psychology,” etc. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. The material that Mr. Sully has collected and published in this volume is the most valuable of recent contributions on the psychological phases of child study. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF EDUCATION. By WILL S. MONROE, A.B., Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, State Normal School, Westfield, Mass. Vol. XLII., International Education Series. 12mo, cloth, $2.00. This book will prove of great use to normal schools, training schools for teachers, and to educational lecturers and all special students soeking to acquaint themselves with the literature of any particular department. APPLETON'S HOME-READING BOOKS. Each illustrated, 12mo, cloth. The Hall of Shells. By Mrs. A. S. HARDY. 60 cts., net. Uncle Sam's Secrets. By O. P. AUSTIN. 75 cts., net. Curious Homes and Their Tenants. By JAMES CARTER BEARD. 65 cts., net. The Leading Fiction. THE CHRISTIAN. A Story. By HALL CAINE, author of "The Manxman," "The Deemster," "The Bondman," etc. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. “ The book of the year. A permanent addition to literature, above and beyond any popularity that is merely temporary."— Boston Herald. In the few weeks since “The Christian " was published over 60,000 copies have been sold in England, and the fifth edition is nearly ready in America. FOURTH EDITION. EQUALITY. By EDWARD BELLAMY, author of “Looking Backward," “Dr. Heidenhoff's Process," eto. 12mo, cloth, $1.25. THE MYSTERY OF CHOICE. By R. W. CHAMBERS, author of "The Moon-Maker," "The Red Republic," etc. 16mo, cloth, $1.25. AT THE CROSS-ROADS. By F. F. MONTRÉSOR, author of "Into the Highways and Hedges,” “False Coin or True?” “The One who Looked On," etc. 16mo, cloth, $1.50. BABOO HURRY BUNGSHO JABBERJEE, B.A. By F. ANSTEY, author of "Vice Versa," "The Giant's Robe," "Tourmalin's Time Cheques," etc. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. A COLONIAL FREE-LANCE. By CHAUNCEY C. HOTCHKISS, author of "In Defiance of the King.” Town and Country Library. 12mo, cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 cts. “Of absorbing interest from beginning to end. . . . A distinct addi- tion to the historical romances of to-day." - Boston Transcript. 2 READY SHORTLY. SARAH GRAND'S NEW NOVEL, THE BETH BOOK. By SARAH GRAND, author of "The Heavenly Twins," eto. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. This remarkable study of a woman's inner life is the first book which the author has written since “The Heavenly Twins." Sold by all Booksellers. Sent, postpaid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers, D. APPLETON & COMPANY, 72 Fifth Avenue, New York. THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. PAGE 237 . . . . . . . . THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, 82.00 a year in advance, postage THE YERKES OBSERVATORY. prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Merico; in other countries comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must The characteristic ambition of Chicago to do be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the whatever it attempts upon a bigger scale than current number. REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by express or it has ever been done before has just been grati- postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; fied in a very conspicuous way. That ambition and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished has often been ignoble enough as to its aims, on application. All communications should be addressed to THE DIAL, 315 Wabash Ave., Chicago. and accompanied by self-laudation of an amount and a quality calculated to excite the derision No. 273. NOVEMBER 1, 1897. Vol. XXIII. rather than the respect of the outside world. When, through the medium of its blatant news- CONTENTS. paper press or the windy outpourings of its public speakers, it has cackled over such things THE YERKES OBSERVATORY as its Great Fire, or the number of square miles covered by its territory, or the census of its MAGIC LINES. S. R. Elliott 239 inhabitants, or the millions of its slaughtered OUT OF A THOUSAND. (Poem.) Edith M. Thomas 241 hogs, its more judicious citizens have hung their heads, and felt that such things should COMMUNICATIONS 241 rather be taken for granted than expressed, and The Crerar Library. T. V. V. that the consciousness of their truth were most “ Art and Life." F. L. Thompson. fitly accompanied by an eloquent silence. But RICHARD WAGNER AND THE BAYREUTH when the chorus of self-congratulation has for IDEA. William Morton Payne . 242 its theme the largest library circulation in the THE VICTORIAN DRAMA. Tuley Francis Huntington 247 world or the most generous American expendi- ture for public schools, the richest of university MR. AUBREY DE VERE'S RECOLLECTIONS. endowments or the most magnificent of interna- Louis J. Block . 248 tional exhibitions, something may be pardoned PRINCE BISMARCK AND THE GERMAN the effusiveness which is so eager to proclaim EMPIRE. Charles H. Cooper 250 these facts to the rest of mankind, and the worthiness of the aims thus realized may partly STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. Shailer Mathews 251 justify the spirit in which they are heralded. Gilbert's The Student's Life of Jesus. Bruce's Certainly, if Chicago ever had adequate cause With Open Face. — Plummer's Commentary on the for blowing its own trumpet in the old ear- Gospel according to Luke. — Vincent's Commentary on the Epistles to the Philippians. — McGiffert's piercing fashion, such cause is provided by Christianity in the Apostolic Age. the superb astronomical observatory, equipped with the largest refracting telescope thus far BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 253 An index to prose fiction. — Papers of a Browning made, and manned by a corps of the most bril- Society. – The religion of the ancient Egyptians. — liant investigators in the country, which has Problems of public finance. — Development of life in been given to the University of Chicago by the the laboratory. - How wealth is distributed in the United States. — The passing of the cowboy. -A munificence of Mr. Charles T. Yerkes, and student's handbook of literary art. — Lectures on the which was dedicated to the uses of research by Fathers. - The French Revolution as it seemed to the elaborate ceremonies of week before last. Americans. Another Jubilee book. – A new vol- ume from “Ik Marvel.” — Some resurrected pot- Few such gatherings of distinguished men of boiling work of Carlyle. science as then assembled at Chicago and Lake BRIEFER MENTION . Geneva have ever been brought together in this 256 country, and none has ever taken part in the LITERARY NOTES 257 inauguration of a more auspicious scientific enterprise. TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. 258 The great telescope which was the real hero LIST OF NEW BOOKS 258 of this occasion represents several years of the . . . . . . . . . 238 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL most expert mechanical workmanship. At the that sort of thing. What the observatory shall World's Fair of 1893, the giant tube, tempo- accomplish will fall within certain well-defined rarily mounted, was one of the most conspicu- lines of research, and its work will be uninspir- ous of the exhibits, while the lenses had already ing save to those in close touch with the pro- been cast and were being ground in the Alvan gress of astronomical science. There will be Clark establishment whence have issued most many additions to the catalogue of double stars, of the objectives for the great telescopes of the many new companions of familiar luminaries world. During the past two or three years the detected, many delicate micrometrical measure- Romanesque observatory with its imposing ments recorded, and many spectra photographed dome, the design of Mr. Henry Ives Cobb, has for examination. It is possible that one or two been rearing its massive walls upon the hilly new satellites may be found somewhere at the shore of the picturesque Wisconsin lake. Sit- outposts of our planetary system, that certain uated within a two-hours' railway journey from vexatious problems of rotation may be solved, the city, the Yerkes Observatory is now an and that we may considerably increase our integral part of the University of Chicago, and knowledge of the sun's physical constitution. has entered upon its career as a factor in as- The accumulation of these kinds of facts does tronomical research. A quarter of a century A quarter of a century not appeal to the popular imagination, but, on: ago, the old Chicago University owned the the other hand, such facts appeal with the largest telescope objective that had then been greatest force to the trained astronomer, be- produced — the eighteen and one-half inch cause it is by their means that he hopes, at Clark lens of the Dearborn Observatory. Since some time in the dim future, to arrive at some then, the scale of achievement in this delicate sort of solution of the vastest of all scientific field of the art mechanical has risen, almost problems — that of the constitution of the inch by inch, until a new landmark of progress physical universe. has been set by the clear forty inches of aper- Truth is, that the real astronomy of to-day ture disclosed by the new instrument. As com- is so unlike the notion of astronomy as it exists pared with the thirty-six inch lens of the Lick in the popular consciousness that the layman instrument, the Yerkes telescope has a light and the professional hardly speak the same gathering power nearly twenty-five per cent language, and that conversation between them greater, while the astronomers in charge make upon the subject is largely a game of cross- the gratifying statement that the site proves purposes. The older astronomy, as popular. better than had been anticipated. This highly ized by such men as Mitchell and Proctor, is important consideration is stated by President well-nigh a closed chapter in the history of the Harper in the following terms : science, and with it the modern observatory has « The atmospheric conditions at night are frequently little concern. In the old observatory the tele- very fine indeed. The best seeing bere is not surpassed scope was everything ; in the new, the spectro- by the best seeing at the Lick Observatory, though in scope and the photographic camera are at least the course of a year there would be more good nights its rivals. But it was the old astronomy that at Mount Hamilton. The atmospheric conditions dur- made possible the new, and that in more ways ing the day are much superior to those of the Lick Observatory. The conditions for solar work, consider- than the obvious one of providing the science ing both instruments and atmosphere, are probably with its framework of gross facts. The appeal much better than those enjoyed by any other observa- of the old astronomy to the popular imagina- tory." tion was, and continues to be, very great, and At the new observatory, then, all the essen- it is precisely through the force of that appeal tial conditions for investigation of the most that national observatories have been estab- fruitful kind seem to be met. But the wonder- lished and private endowments like that which loving public cannot be too frequently warned now engages our attention have been made. that no discoveries of a sensational character in this respect, indeed, astronomy has been the are to be expected even from such an astro- favored child in the household of the sciences. nomical equipment as that now provided. Ele- And if its returns to knowledge have not been phants in the moon will be seen in the future, in the kind for which its benefactors have as in the past, by the eyes of humorous poets vaguely hoped, they have been of a value far alone, and the doings of the Martians will still exceeding anything that could have been antici- remain to be chronicled exclusively by the ro- pated a generation ago. As a member of the staff remarked In the fine address with which Professor the other day, science does not take kindly to Simon Newcomb closed the ceremonies of the mancers. 1897.) 239 THE DIAL week devoted to the dedication of the Yerkes MAGIC LINES. Observatory, he said, among other things : “Gentlemen of the trustees, allow me to commend Among the uncollected curiosities of our national to your fostering care the men at the end of the tele- literature might be found a fragment by an un- scope. The constitution of the astronomer shows curious printed poet of our vanished Bohemia. As nearly and interesting features. If he is destined to advance as I can remember, the effusion was as follows: the science of works of real genius he must, like the “Oh, I'd weave some mystic, magic line of scriven, poet, be born, not made. The born astronomer, when Whose meaning, when unriven, placed in command of a telescope, goes about using it Would be like words from Heaven - as naturally and effectively as the babe avails itself of A clue to millions driven its mother's breast. He sees intuitively what less gifted In this tangled maze of woe. men have to learn by long study and tedious experi- Ah, would I might do this, before I go!" ment. He is moved to celestial knowledge by a passion And a brother Bohemian- of Pfaff's — exclaimed: which dominates his nature. He can no more avoid “Scriven ? - What's scriven?” I shall not be so doing astronomical whether in the line of obser- fastidious as regards my poet's diction, for I hold vations or research, than the poet can chain bis Pegasus myself indebted to him for a text; and I think the to earth. I do not mean by this that education and entire race of verse-makers owes him an obligation training will be of no use to him. They will certainly for voicing the pathetic ambition of their guild accelerate his early progress. If he is to become great on the mathematical side, not only must his genius to leave behind at least one “mystic magic ” line have a bend in that direction, but he must have the that the world cannot forget, even if its meaning be means of pursuing his studies. And yet I have seen so never wholly unriven. many failures of men who had the best instruction, and I wish here to refer briefly to sundry famous so many successes of men who scarcely learned anything lines, in our own language chiefly, whose signifi- of their teachers, that I sometimes ask whether the cance to the world at large would seem to transcend great American celestial mechanician of the twentieth the author's conscious intention. The poet Camp- century will be a graduate of a university or of the bell, in a burst of confidential candor, assures us, backwoods." while lauding another art, that These remarks have a peculiar fitness upon the "Ill can poetry express Full many a tone of thought sublime." present occasion, for the three men at the head I am inclined to think he builded better than he of the new observatory are born astronomers, knew, in making this admission, since in the order if such there ever were. Professor Barnard, of verse under consideration there is imparted to when at Mount Hamilton, showed how “natur- expressions, apparently simple in themselves, a gla- ally and effectively” he could use a great tele- mour as potent, as inexplicable, as that implied by scope, and his discovery of the fifth satellite of him who asks Jupiter made his fame secure for the coming “Hast thou a charm to stay the morning star ?" centuries. Professor Hale was 66 moved to There are lines like the one just quoted, whose effect celestial knowledge by a passion which domi- is not to be accounted for by any known laws of nates his nature,” for he was hardly more than construction. a boy when, in his own private observatory, he Not only does poetry ill express certain tones of made discoveries and perfected methods that thought, but in many instances it does not express attracted the attention of astrophysicists all which, on being induced, weaves a sorcerer's web of them at all: it merely suggests a state of mind, over the world. And Professor Burnham is a mystery, all the more sensible because it is invisible. shining example of the “successes of men who We are, as it were, spirited away to Milton's realm, scarcely learned anything of their teachers," “Of forests and enchantments drear, for, with no other means of investigation than Where more is meant than meets the ear." a modest six-inch glass, and no other time than But the few lines imbued with this ultra significance the hours left him from his duties as a law come so seldom in the course of ordinary reading, that one would be tempted to attribute them to accident, reporter, he made for himself a score of years were it not that it is the privilege of poetry to claim ago an international reputation in his chosen for itself a scheme of predestination,- a true poet field of work — the investigation of double resenting the mastership of chance as utterly as does stars. The observatory that has at its com- the theologian. And yet we are in many cases left mand the services of three such men as these to conjecture whether the author himself was aware may well face the future with hopeful eyes. of the wizard quality of his own work, especially as And when to the men the equipment is added, these magic utterances are seldom found ornament- the prospects of the institution are indeed en- ing a production of transcendent merit or one that viable, and justify the eagerness with which evinces great ambition on the part of the author. astronomers everywhere are awaiting the re- Such, and thus undistinguished by position, are the following “mystic magic lines of scriven": ports that the coming years are to bring from "The desire of the moth for the star, the shores of the Wisconsin lake. Of the night for the morrow." 79 240 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL a These form part of a fugitive poem which but for poem might be considered as a continuous “magic them would pass unnoticed. Indeed, Shelley may be line.” One such has become widely known and is fre- considered the arch-seer of such lyric necromancy, quently copied,- Bourdillon’s enchanting fragment, , and more than once has his muse veiled herself in "The night has a thousand eyes." a garment of woven wind, like the lady in “ Alastor," A yet more eminent example in the same line is and more than once hath his Pegasus “ trod the dim Tennyson's "Break, break, break"; constructed of winds.” The latter phrase has always seemed to the commonest words, embodying a common senti- me to induce this feeling of glamour, to which all ment, all thrown loosely together like the storm- Shelley's translucent metaphors, in more or less tossed rocks the poet describes, yet the total effect degree, lend themselves. It is as though in some is one of infinite tenderness and vague regret,- a other life we should attain to such exquisiteness of very mirage of the soul. There is heard in it the vision and sensibility, that the air, which to our mortal wail of the deep sea, such as ages ago Sophocles perception is invisible, should be merely “dim.” heard in the Ægean, and later was heard on Dover Take another instance,--the line from Wordsworth: Beach by Matthew Arnold. “The light that never was on sea or land." There are many of us who know nothing of some This collection of words hints to us vaguely of some- foreign language save one masterly phrase or line thing whereof we know but vaguely - to wit, genius. which filters into our consciousness half unaware, Yet this beautiful line, which has sunk into the and conveys to us some hint of the miracle of Pen- hearts of millions, and which is quoted as one of the tecost ( with all reverence be it said) — whereby the evidences of that factor which it hesitates to define, gift of alien tongues avails for a single instance. occurs in a sonnet “On a Picture of Peel Castle in A very scant knowledge of German suffices to fill a Storm,” — neither the subject, the artist's treat- the mind with a sense of weird revery, on reading ment, nor the occasion, having been regarded as of such poems as, say, “The Lorelei" of Heine, or that especial consequence. darker measure, “ The Erl King" of Goethe. Of Mr. Swinburne has contributed his quota of magic the latter poem, the force of the last four syl- lines; but they, though just as mysterious as those lables, “ Das Kind war todt,” is as of four magic of Shelley, are less veiled in tender imagery. What words used as an incantation. It is a trick of some nameless splendors of the illimitable and the un- German reciters to drop these four words with a known are conjured up by the opening line of solemn death-like emphasis ; and this effect was “ Hesperia": more than reproduced by the conjurer's forefinger “Out of the golden, remote, wild West, where the sea without of Rubinstein, in playing the music. Take one shore is." more instance — the sorrowful burden of poor What sense of the deadly mystery of fate is em- Gretchen’s lament, “ Nimmer mehr." The spell of bodied in that other line: immortal melancholy, cast by this baunting refrain, “Who swims in sight of the great ninth wave, which never a meets us again in Shelley's “ No more, oh never- swimmer shall cross or climb." more !” in Byron's A strong line, even though it were mere words carry- "No more, no more, oh nevermore on me ing no clear-cut significance to the mind. Again, The freshness of the heart can fall like dew," how rich in mysterious suggestion the passage de- and again in “ The Raven ” of Poe. scriptive of Proserpina : Turning to the poetry of the ancients, that classic “Pale, beyond porch and portal, period just preceding the Christian era, we find one of Crowned with calm leaves she stands." the most celebrated passages in all literature the After deducting all the influence of alliteration, and reference to Marcellus in the “Æneid” of Virgil : allowing for the sombre grandeur of movement, how "Manibus date lilia plenis, much that is wholly inexplicable in magic effect Purpureos spargam flores,- remains ! Wet with the dew of a pitying heaven and a mourn- Of an order less vast and comprehensive, yet stilling maternity, the odor of those purpureos flores has gloomily picturesque, may be cited the lines from passed down the centuries, and the source of its Campbell: weird intoxication has never been divined. But, "And heard across the wave's tumultuous roar, notwithstanding many passages of exquisite beauty, The wolf's long howl from Oonalaska's shore." the Latin tongue does lend itself rather to the clear- Lockhart says of this couplet, that many of the cut definiteness of epigram than to lines of illusive music-lovers of his day were wont to repeat these magic. The Greek, however, abounds in instances lines often, just to fill the ear with the mere mel- illustrative of our subject. For nearly thirty cen- ody thereof; but we contend that there is in the turies there have dwelt in the minds and hearts of effect of these verses something more than music, men a few lines from the surviving work of Sappho. something more than picture, — some magic of the During all those centuries her poetry has been ac- supersense. cepted without question or comment save of delight There is now and then found, among the occa- and wonder. We need only refer to the Hesperus : sional verse of the day, a stray lyric possessing no for sweet as is the hour she celebrates, never, in all plan or purpose commensurate with the effect pro- the years since, have the wistful witcheries of sound duced, which is one of weird fascination. The whole and the yearning penumbra of sight been so brought > 1897.] 241 THE DIAL home to the sensitive soul. Yet who can say how in the community, to diffuse an atmosphere of refine- this is accomplished ? ment, and to build up character. No intelligent and Anyone familiar with the theory of isomeric unbiased person reading the provisions of Mr. Crerar's compounds will have noted the extraordinary fact will on that point, as on record and published, can escape that conclusion. His declarations and directions to that that many substances exactly identical in chemical effect are clear and unmistakable. composition display, in their effect, results the most Now, unless it can be shown that a library of purely dissimilar. Take the most exquisite of all perfumes, scientific literature is better calculated than any other - that which has given poetry to Araby the Blest, to impart this moral and ästhetic culture, and build up the atar-gul of Turkey: the attar of roses. Careful character, it must be acknowledged that to establish analysis shows this substance to be precisely iden- such a library exclusively on the Crerar foundation tical with turpentine. The cause of the difference would be to proceed directly contrary to the require- in result remains one of the mysteries of science. ments of the instrument from which every atom of au- If accounted for at all, it is by methods as fantastic thority to act in the matter is derived. No attempt, so far as the writer knows, has ever been made to show as the assumption of unlikeness in the adjustment that an exclusively scientific library will in this case best of molecular atoms. Turpentine is one of the accomplish the objects mentioned. Such an attempt cheapest and most abundant of substances known would be, at least, interesting to observe. to the manufacturer, attar of rose one of the most But, whether such endeavor be made or not, I think costly and difficult to obtain of all merchandise. that most persons who are fitted to judge will continue Could some second-sight espy the cause of difference to believe that the proper material with which to pro- between the two substances, the happy discoverer duce the results desired by Mr. Crerar is literature of would master a transmutation more profitable than the highest and best kind; “the best that bas been was ever dreamed of by alembic. And the same thought and said in the world"; such literature as refines and elevates the taste, holds lofty ideals before might be said of word-magic, as compared with mere words. the imagination, and fires the heart with high enthu- S. R. ELLIOTT. siasms; “the literature of power” rather than the “ literature of information” which seeks merely to communicate bare cold facts. OUT OF A THOUSAND. May it not be hoped that the trustees of the Crerar Library will yet decide to add to the library a good As at Cremona, home of chorded sound, proportion of literature of this kind sooner or later ? Some master-workman, plying his loved trade, T. V. V. When he a thousand violins hath made, Brooklyn, N.Y., October 20, 1897. Makes one that shall be heard the world around: [At the time when the plans of the Crerar Library Nor knows be how his wonted toil was crowned; For if that wizard instrument be weigbed,- were under discussion, we were of the opinion By every test of sight and touch assayed expressed in the above communication, and urged Not other than its congeners 't is found. that opinion upon the trustees. But while we con- sider their decision to have been an unfortunate So is it with the work that thou dost frame, one, we have no doubt that they acted conscien- O Bard! Among ten thousand fading lines, tiously, taking into account both what they believed Thou shalt, perchance (but not through studious zeal, Nor lust for current praise or future fame) to be the best interests of the public and what they Achieve a single peerless verse that shines thought were the intentions of the testator. The Emblazoned with a translunary seal ! situation was, moreover, made more complex than EDITH M. THOMAS. it would otherwise have been by the existence of two other large public libraries, and the consequent importance of such a division of the field of activity as should reduce duplication and waste of effort to COMMUNICATIONS. a minimum. At any rate the question is no longer open for discussion, since the Crerar Library has THE CRERAR LIBRARY. already gone so far in its chosen direction as to make (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) reconsideration impossible. — EDR. THE DIAL.] As a former resident of Chicago, I desire to express my appreciation of your tribute to the Chicago Public Library in your issue of October 16. It is eminently “ ART AND LIFE.” just and well deserved. (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) Your remarks in the same article concerning the Mr. Hale touches an all-important question in The other libraries of Chicago also seem to me to be most Dial of October 1, but except for the hint in the phrase discriminating. Your incidental mention, however, of " that literature may be the breath of life to the spirit,” the fact that the Crerar Library is now “ of interest does not answer it — let us hope, because he intends to do so connection that concerns many of your readers and the “º It will be worth while to turn to page 177 of the same people of Chicago generally. It is that Mr. Crerar number of The Dial, and consider these words from unquestionably intended that the contents of the library the pen of Mr. Charles Leonard Moore, making no should consist mainly and primarily of literature spe- mental change except to amplify the word “think" by cially fitted to create and sustain high moral sentiment the phrase "think and absorb": a 242 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL him." - “Man must think, or sink to the level of the animals. . Granted that the problems that rise about us are insolvable by The New Books. any system of speculation, yet by facing them man will at least realize his soul, which by forgetting them will die out of RICHARD WAGNER AND THE BAYREUTH This, when read in the light of Professor L. A. Sher- IDEA.* man's definition of literature, “ Anything deemed worth thinking again, or experiencing again, and preserved, no “ With the exception of two or three smaller matter how, with such intention or expectation,” suggests works, every complete and thoroughly trust- a theory of “the relation of art to life”; for it must have been a character so shaped that Ben Jonson had worthy treatise on Wagner -- from whatever in mind when he wrote: standpoint it may have been written - has been “I judge him of a rectified spirit, the work of a non-musician." This quotation By many revolutions of discourse from the important work which we are about to (In his bright reason's influence) refined review is the statement of a fact striking in itself, From all the tartarous moods of common men; Bearing the nature and similitude and of the deepest significance as regards the Of a right heavenly bodie; most severe position of Richard Wagner in the history of cul- In fashion and collection of himselfe, And then as cleare and confident as Jove." ture. Its interpretation must be that the art of An old farmer, broken down by rheumatism, once the composer is so great, its bearings upon the said to me: “The only reading a young man needs is spiritual life of mankind so varied, that it may the reading of his Bible on Sundays, after working hard not be measured or appraised by the technical from daybreak to dark six days in the week.” Extreme standards of the musician. Exemplifying as it and exceptional, no doubt; but the spirit is not. “Faith, attainment, realization," or "Success, the measure of does an æsthetic, a philosophical theory, and a achievement,” — these are the cries, according as one social ideal of its own, it demands for its compre- is exclusively religious or exclusively worldly. Being hension the widest knowledge and the highest a positive people, we are generally either one or the analytical power. To estimate such a genius other. The latter position needs no discussion here. in the terms of musical art alone is as impos- For an illustration of the former, turn again to the same number of The Dial, page 187, the last poetical quo- sible as it would be to estimate Shakespeare in tation. Absolute faith being so commonly held up as the terms of stage technology. In other words, the ideal, it is not strange that things called by other the intellectual and emotional power of such names, though they constitute the soul itself, should be considered of secondary worth. Not that the quotation men as Shakespeare and Wagner so transcends does not contain a truth; but ninety-nine out of every the limitations of the arts in which they respec- hundred will read into it the moral “ Tu volonté soit tively wrought their creative work that the mere faite,” before, instead of after, “ le possible humain,” and study of their technique is relegated to a sub- will rejoice to look down upon “L'Art . . . enrichi de ordinate place, and the real problem presented ses efforts utiles," _ in other words, will view with con- tempt the bridge that enables them to cross the stream. by them is that of an interpretation which shall It is equally necessary to accompany the souls of bring their work into relation with the deepest former days through The City of Dreadful Night and currents of human thought and feeling. Fur- The Realm of Glorious Day; otherwise we may, for thermore, if in the consideration of the phe- lack of preparation, be overwhelmed when the shadows nomenon presented by the life of Wagner the come, as come they will, or when the horizon is widened critic who is a musician and nothing more must or narrowed in spite of the inclination. Faith with eyes open is to be opposed to faith with eyes closed. What stand aside, so also the German has hardly a else will strengthen us so to do but art, with its moral stronger claim upon that great personality than truth and human passion “ touched with a certain large has the Frenchman or the Englishman. ness, sanity, and attraction of form”? The problem of its relation to life disappears when we realize that art is life “Shakespeare is not our poet, but the world's," itself, merely concentrated; none the less true because says Landor; and we may likewise say of Wag- Calm pleasures there abide, majestic pains ; ner that in his strenuous endeavor to create for more pellucid streams, Germany a strictly national art he builded bet- An ampler ether, a diviner air, And fields invested with purpureal gleams," ter than he knew, and that the art which he or because at times it presents fashioned grew to a thing of beauty world-wide Shadows and shoals that edge eternity,'- in its power, and destined to do as much for "Loco d'ogni luce muto, the spiritual life of other nations as it accom- Che mugghia come fa mar per tempesta plished for his own. Se da contrarii venti è combattuto”; for these things constitute our living, when we look It is not surprising, then, that, in the first beyond the intervening periods of apathy. place, the most important books that have been So far as may be, art is the sole substitute for per- written about Wagner have not come from sonal experience, making up in largeness and depth what it lacks in peculiar application. * RICHARD WAGNER. By Houston Stewart Chamberlain. F. L. THOMPSON, Translated from the German by G. Ainslie Hight, and Revised Montrose, Colorado, Oct. 20, 1897. by the Author. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott Co. 66 1897.) 243 THE DIAL musicians, and, in the second place, that his needs for a text some such verses as may be fellow-countrymen are not the only ones who found in Mr. Swinburne's “ Ave atque Vale”. have worthily attempted to portray his life and “Her fair vast head, work. Although it has been left for a German, The deep division of prodigious breasts, The solemn slope of mighty limbs asleep, Herr Glasenapp, to produce the most minute The weight of awful tresses that still keep and laborious biography of the composer, it has The savour and shade of old-world pine-forests been to a Frenchman, M. Jullien, that we have Where the wet hill-winds weep.". hitherto been indebted for the most attractive As for the portraits in this volume, they in. illustrated work upon Wagner's art; and it is clude no less than ten of Wagner himself now to an Englishman, Mr. Houston Stewart (among them three by Lenbach and the Her- Chamberlain, that our thanks are due for a komer gouache), and ten of other persons in publication even more sumptuous in execution, some way associated with the composer. No- and far more sympathetic and penetrating as a ticeable among them are Waldmüller's Beet- work of interpretation and exposition. Mr. hoven and Lenbach's Schopenhauer, the latter Chamberlain has long been known as a Wag- one of the most extraordinary portraits ever nerian of the most painstaking accuracy, and painted. The reproductions of these works some such work as the present has been ex- are in photogravure and collotype. pected from him. His little treatise “ Das We have now cleared the way for a dis- Drama Richard Wagner's," published five cussion of Mr. Chamberlain's text. What he years ago, promised the larger work which has has aimed to do is set forth in the following now appeared, although it has not taken exactly passages, which stand well in the forefront of the form then anticipated. What we have is a the volume. “ Here I have been led, from stout quarto of some four hundred pages, orig. first to last, by the wish to view Wagner from inally written in German, and translated into within, to represent him and the world as he English, under the author's supervision, by Mr. saw them both. ... I have been guided rather G. Ainslie Hight. Considered mechanically, by a desire to bring the character and whole the work, which bears the London imprint of personality of the hero of my book, Richard the Messrs. Dent, is a beautiful example of Wagner, gradually nearer to the reader], than book-making. The covers, the paper, the pro- by any notion of assisting him to understand portions, and the typography, are all in excel- the dramas, which are much better able to lent taste, while the illustrations are simply speak for themselves.” The plan of the book superb. They include, in addition to some- is simple and symmetrical. There is a “Gen- thing like a hundred pictures imbedded in the eral Introduction,” and then there are four text, nearly forty full-page plates. Some of main sections, or chapters, each provided with these plates are facsimiles of manuscript, but an appendix. These chapters are concerned, most of them are either portraits or reproduc- respectively, with the life of the composer, his tions of original paintings made for the work writings, his music-dramas, and with “the by Herr Hendrich. There are five of these Bayreuth idea,” which finally united the three paintings, having for their subjects “ Der Flie- threads of his career, “the struggle, the thought, gende Holländer,” “Siegfried und Fafner,” the art.” “ Brünnhilde's Rock," " Siegfried's Death,” We cannot do better than follow Mr. Cham- and the “Funeral Procession with Siegfried's berlain in the arrangement of his material. His Body.” The artist, in Mr. Chamberlain's words, biographical chapter aims to present “not as “ is one of the few painters whose imagination many, but as few facts as possible," and thus is not misled by the picture on the stage, who becomes little more than a skeleton life. The are able to grasp the central poetic idea, and primary source of information is the body of to reproduce it freely in accordance with the Wagner's own writings, which are made pecu- character of their own art.” These statements liarly available by his “ absolute and uncom- are certainly justified by the character of Herr promising love of truth.” The author lays Hendrich's work — as is evident enough from as is evident enough from much stress upon this fact. “Nobody can the monochrome reproductions here given doubt the extraordinary tenacity of Wagner's and we must add that the designs display imag- memory; no person competent to form an ination of a very high sort, the “ Brünnhilde's opinion would question his unswerving integ. Rock,” for example, which would be utterly rity.” The secondary source of information is impossible as a stage picture, being one of the principally in the testimony of five men : Liszt, most striking things we have ever seen. It I the loyal champion and friend; Stein, the - 244 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL . young poet and æsthetic philosopher, whose those which men of the world regard as “prac- untimely death was a serious loss to German tical.” It is true that he took an active part literature and thought; Herr Glasenapp, the in the Revolution of 1849, that he all but re- industrious biographer; Herr von Wolzogen, ceived the baptism of fire upon that occasion, the devoted commentator; and Herr Nietzsche, and that his generous devotion entailed upon who must be judged by his classical “ Richard him many years of exile, with all their attend- Wagner in Bayreuth,” which was “ written ant hardships. But he soon reached a stage in shortly before the first signs appeared of the which politics of the ordinary sort seemed to fearful malady which shattered this splendid him “quite fruitless,” in which he aspired to- intellect,” rather than by " the silly pamphlets, ward a far more fundamental reconstruction of full of nauseous trivialities, published later,” in society than was to be accomplished by any sub- which evidence of the breaking-up of a great stitution of one kind of machinery for another. mind is all too evident. Mr. Chamberlain out- Dr. Ibsen's ideas underwent a similar develop- lines Wagner's life in about seventy-five pages ment at about the same age, and he wrote in of biography, noting particularly that the scrip- 1870-1: “Our concepts call for new meanings tural seventy years of its duration is broken and new explanations. . Men still call for into two almost exactly equal parts by the Revo- special revolutions — for revolutions in politics, lution of 1849, which made the composer an in externals. But all that sort of thing is trum- exile, and threw him upon the resources of his pery. pery. It is the human soul that must revolt. own spirit. “Outlawed and persecuted, I was The state is the curse of the individual. now bound by no ties to any sort of lie,” How has the strength of Prussia been bought? Wagner wrote of this event, which may justly By the sacrifice of the individual to the politi- be regarded as epochal for his career. The cal and geographical idea. The Kellner is the other event upon which stress is placed is that best soldier. The state must away! That rev. of Wagner's becoming acquainted with the olution shall find me on its side. Undermine philosophy of Schopenhauer in 1854 — for the conception of the state ; proclaim free will nothing less than an event it was, the most and spiritual kinship as the leading elements important of his whole life, thinks Mr. Cham- in the final settlement, and we shall be on the berlain. “ He has come to me in my solitude way to a freedom that will be worth something." like a gift from Heaven,” Wagner wrote to Taking the term "state" in its modern sense of Liszt, and no account of his intellectual de constitutional monarchy, or of democracy sup- velopment can ignore the deep influence ex- porting the divine right of majorities to do what erted upon him by “ Die Welt als Wille und they please, these words of the great Norwegian Vorstellung.” In accordance with the author's are the exact embodiment of at least a part of purpose to present only the essential facts, this Wagner's thought. But the latter still cher- sketch of Wagner's life omits altogether many ished the notion that the state, in the sense of matters that fill a large space in other biog- a racial aggregation and an absolute monarchy, raphies, thus concentrating the attention upon might prove compatible with the most insistent what is really significant or decisive in his individualism. This paradoxical idea, which may also take the reverse form of “free sover- The chapter devoted to Wagner's writings is eign- eign — absolute people,” may be taken as the about one hundred pages in length, discusses kernel of Wagner's speculative thought in the successively the three topics, politics, philoso- political field. Recurring for a moment to the phy, and regeneration, and closes with a section comparison with the Norwegian individualist, it on “art teaching," which “ embraces equally is instructive to note the later divergence of all writings and all periods of Wagner's life, their respective methods. Dr. Ibsen, after for with Wagner art is as the sun : from it all presenting to the world - Brand” and “ Peer light is radiated ; round it every star revolves.” Gynt,” those superb products of the positive The author rightly conceives that Wagner's ethical imagination, declined to the merely neg- creative work needs for its comprehension a ative task of putting his finger upon the sore thorough study of his mental make-up as re- places of modern society, and saying: thou ail- vealed by his voluminous prose writings, for, est here and here. Wagner, on the other hand, as Goethe says: pursued to the end his passionate positive ideal “Die Kunst bleibt Kunst! Wer sie nicht durchgedacht of a society to be regenerated by self-sacrifice Der darf sich keinen Künstler nennen." and sympathy and art, an ideal which united Wagner's political ideas were far removed from in its service the noblest aspirations of both career. 1897.] 245 THE DIAL the religious and the artistic consciousness. for redemption, of steadfastness till death, of Still, it must be said of both these men that resignation to the will of a higher Power, re- their political ideas were never really thought turned to the heart, from which many years be- out, that when scrutinized with the lens of fore had issued • Tannbäuser,''Lohengrin,' and largest light-gathering capacity they remain in Der Holländer.' Over the Meister's work-table considerable part nebulous. there hung only the picture of the great seer, Wagner's philosophical development offers a and in 1868 he wrote to Lenbach, the painter curiously interesting study. “It is the mark of the magnificent portrait: 'I have one hope of the poet,” he says, “to be riper in the inner for German culture, that the time will come perception of things than in conscious abstract when Schopenhauer will be the law-giver for all knowledge.” Kant could not satisfy a nature our thought and cognition.' Many others be- thus constituted, and to it the Hegelian dialectic sides Wagner have been similarly influenced by was the abomination of desolation. The phil. Schopenhauer, even while rejecting much of his osophy of the latter “succeeded in making the doctrine. The secret of that influence seems minds of the Germans so completely incapable to be, in the words of Professor Caldwell, the of apprehending the problem of philosophy, philosopher's latest commentator, that he com- that ever since it has been considered the only bined “to a more wonderful extent than any true philosophy to have no philosophy at all.' other man who ever lived the power for abstract It was in Feuerbach that Wagner first found speculation with an enormous vitality of force the help that he needed for the classification of and feeling,” and that “a clear and pure and his philosophical concepts, but that essentially direct intuition into life, a whole sense for shallow thinker provided only a temporary ref- reality, always weighed with Schopenhauer far uge for his restless mind. It was Schopenhauer, more than the greatest power of abstract as has already been stated, who removed the thought." Much the most interesting part of scales from his eyes, and provided him with a Mr. Chamberlain's chapter upon this subject philosophy that satisfied the deep inner cravings is found in the pages which show, by quotations of bis nature. We should say that Wagner did from the writings published before Wagner had not assimilate or even understand the whole of even heard the name of Schopenhauer, how the Schopenhauer's thought, and it is probable mind of the artist was ripe for contact with the that the philosopher would have looked much thought of the philosopher, how curiously the askance at the later music-dramas if told that one bad anticipated some of the most charac- they were the outcome and embodiment of his teristic thoughts and expressions that he was theory of art, but his influence upon the com- afterwards to find in the pages of the other. poser remains nevertheless unquestionable. Mr. Wagner's departure from the teaching of Chamberlain admits that the personal equation the philosopher by whom he was so deeply in- may have to be applied,” that“ between Wagner fluenced is most distinctly marked in what may and Schopenhauer were incisive divergences, be called his doctrine of regeneration. It cer- and then goes on to speak as follows: “He who tainly gives “a surprising turn ” to the phil- builds upon Schopenhauer builds upon a rock; | osophy of Schopenhauer to recommend it as that Wagner clearly saw, and remained true to the only one from which we may " set out in- him from 1854 until his death. Feuerbach was dependently on the paths of true hope." Yet a passing episode, the last echo of the dumme Wagner did nothing less than this, and in a Streiche of the revolution. The acquaintance very pregnant passage asserts that the Scho- with Schopenhauer “the most genial of man- penhauerian negation of the will to live, how- kind,' as Graf Leo Tolstoi calls him, is the ever brought about, “must always appear as the most important event in Wagner's whole life. highest energy of the will itself.” It is through Now for the first time his metaphysical yearning the influence of art that regeneration must be was provided with an efficient receptacle in this sought; and art then, which Schopenhauer all-embracing view of the world ; now at last thought to offer but a temporary escape from the marvellously ramified elements of his own the misery of existence, seemed to Wagner to being, as thinker and poet, were united again promise a way out of pessimism altogether. in his breast to a harmonious personality, con- Now regeneration implies degeneration, and scious in every detail — the thinker meditated long before Dr. Nordau's superficial and sen- more deeply, the artist gained strength, the sational discussion of degeneration it had been views of the politician became clearer, the recognized by Wagner in a far deeper sense. Christian spirit, that of sympathy, of longing | According to him this is the very beginning of 9 246 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL and we wisdom, for “the will's assurance of victory is and for all time as completely and inalienably achieved by the recognition of the decadence.” to the living consciousness of the entire human The chief causes of this degeneration, which race as an Achilleus, an Edipus, a Hamlet, or Wagner believed to be the condition of all a Faust.” We may admit all this - modern civilization, are to be found in the in- firmly believe it to be true — without thinking stitution of inherited property, the deteriora- it necessary to call the creator of these figures tion of blood resulting from animal food, the a great poet. The simple truth is that Wagner weakening of racial stocks through intermar- was enough of a poet for the purposes of the riage with inferior peoples, and the moral in-complex art for which he stands. It is not the fluence of Judaism. The statement of this greatness of his texts, considered as literature, latter cause may provoke a smile, but Wagner that compels our admiration, but their absolute took the subject very seriously, and it may be adequacy. Poetry that is great on its own added that the spirit in which he considers it account would be out of place in such works as is as far removed from the spirit of the Juden- “Siegfried ” and “Parsifal” because it would hetze as it is from the spirit of personal jeal demand too large a share of the attention. It ousy by which small minds have sought to is absolutely necessary that the poetry em- account for that extraordinary book, “ Das ployed for such a purpose should be reduced Judenthum in der Musik.” As for the work As for the work to its lowest terms, so to speak, a fact which of regeneration, it has three aspects, “ the Wagner's own artistic instincts led him to real- empiric and historical, the abstract philosophi- ize, but which few of his followers have been cal, and the religious.” But it is in art alone willing to admit. What Wagner accomplished that these three worlds become conscious of was to fulfil the prophecy of Herder, who their oneness,” for art “possesses the magic looked for the advent of the man who should power of showing man to himself, and herewith“ upset the whole abode of scrappy operatic pointing out the way to regeneration.” This sing-song, and erect an Odeum, a complete is a hard saying for those who regard art as an lyric building, in which poetry, music, action, elevated form of amusement, or as the provider and scenery are one.” of delicate sensuous gratifications, but it must The Odeum of this prophecy was erected in be grasped in its full meaning before anyone 1876, set upon a hill, and for more than twenty may hope to penetrate the inner significance of years now have pilgrims from all parts of the the work of Richard Wagner. world sought it out. What they have found If we have devoted a disproportionate amount there is more than words have yet availed to of attention to the ideas of the composer as say. There are thousands of persons now living distinguished from his art-works, it is because for whom the tone-poems of Wagner have been few, even among the most devoted students of an influence profoundly shaping both thought his music, know very much about the philo- and character, and a century from now they sophical theories upon which that music is will be numbered by hundreds of thousands. based, or of the social ideals to which dramatic Yet these very persons, although they know embodiment is given : it must be remembered what the influence has been, find it utterly in- that Wagner was a man of scholarship and explicable in terms of the intellect. They can culture as few, if any, of his predecessors had tell just how and why they have been influenced been, and that with him the creative instinct by Plato, or Shakespeare, or Goethe, but they was under the most complete control of the in- cannot thus explain the power of Bach, or telligence. Mr. Chamberlain's discussion of Beethoven, or Wagner. Mr. Chamberlain the art-works, therefore, while of great value, comes as near as anyone else to offering such demands less of our attention than what he has an explanation, but after all his reasoning, we to say about their underlying system of thought. are left with a feeling that the secret is still A few remarks should be made, however, on uncommunicated and is probably incommuni- the subject of Wagner's poetic powers. Most cable. Perhaps we may hope to do nothing Wagnerian enthusiasts (and the author offers more than take for our final stand the position no exception) try to claim for the Master the of Schopenhauer, who held that, whereas the title of poet to a degree unwarranted by the other arts represent to the intelligence the facts and unnecessary for his fame. It is mere various ideal objectifications of the world-will, juggling with words to call Wagner a great the art of music is the immediate expression poet simply because he created certain great of the will itself, and as such incapable of in- dramatic figures “which belong henceforward l terpretation because in need of none. The 1897.] 247 THE DIAL > more deeply we consider the subject, the more waits, open-eyed and, as it were, hesitatingly, before the are we forced to the opinion that all explana- labour of creating society afresh, of building up a new civilization. It does not wish, and is not able to forget tions of the appeal of music to the conscious- those problems — that terrible To-morrow — by which ness are but rhetorical devices to veil the real we are everywhere threatened. Hence its sensuousness problem in a network of figurative speech and is tempered, refined, saddened by philosophy. And in more or less fanciful analogy. this mood, what sks of the drama is, not to be amused, or to be excited, but to be made to think.” WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. It may be that not all, or even a majority, of M. Filon's readers will adopt this thesis, or accept the extremely hopeful view he takes of THE VICTORIAN DRAMA.* the present dramatic movement in England; but none will deny that he has written an en- A French writer, M. Augustin Filon, has tertaining and instructive account of a literary given us a very readable account of the Victo- type and period which have heretofore wanted rian drama, with the avowed object of proving an impartial historian. In his treatment of that there exists at this time a living English this period, M. Filon has attempted to trace drama,— that is to say, a drama expressing the origin of the Victorian drama; he has dis- , a “ the ideas and passions of the time” and re- cussed the influences from within and from producing “a complete synthesis of all the without which have helped to mould and shape elements of the national character." Such a its course; and he has analyzed its most rep- drama, the author thinks, did not exist thirty resentative plays. He has also considered such years ago. Then there were various forces at salient features of acting and dramatic criticism work which prevented it from being developed as seemed most noteworthy. He has thus along original lines. Among these forces were worked out a threefold treatment of a period " the timidity resulting from excessive severity which extends, roughly speaking, all the way of manners, “ the dramatist's lack of oppor- from Sheridan Knowles to Grundy, Jones, and tunity for the study of social life," and "the Pinero; from Edmund Kean to Sir Henry Shakespeare cult, which paralyzed the imagina. Irving; and from Leigh Hunt to Edmund tion by offering it a model that was too big for Gosse and William Archer. In this moving it, and forms that had become antiquated.” throng of dramatists, actors, and dramatic ' , Ope after another these forces have been dis- critics, precedence is always given to the dra sipated; and along with them has gone much matist; and by this means the author has been of the English playwrights' dependence on able to secure variety by scattering through his French dramatists of the Sardou stamp, - a pages anecdotes about players, scraps from dependence which M. Filon confesses was alto- gether harmful to the English stage. Now that published and unpublished plays, little pastels these clouds have blown over, he is of the opinion reminiscence, and so on, without materially of dramatists living and dead, stray bits of that to-morrow will be even brighter than to. marring, in either conception or treatment, the day, and in a concluding paragraph he goes so essential unity of his work. far as to suggest the probable trend of the One does not have to go far in this book to present movement. find pictures which recall vividly old-life scenes. “ What the English drama is in search of, what it is One of the best of these is that of the strolling about to create, ... is a new form in which to repro- duce that dualism which has struck and disconcerted player whose custom it was to go on circuit every observer, native or foreign, Matthew Arnold, through the country towns of England. Emerson, Taine. . . . A race of heroes who are also “ Just as the English judges make the round at cer- buccaneers, a race of poets and shopkeepers, a race fear- tain dates of all the important towns within a certain less of death and devoted to money, calculating but district, holding assizes at each, and accompanied by an passionate, dreamers yet men of action, capable of the army of barristers, solicitors, and legal officials of all charges of Balaklava and the deal in the Suez shares, kinds, so the travelling companies of actors would cater cannot possibly find its literary expression either in pure for a whole county, or group of counties, giving a series idealism or in realism undiluted. The • bleeding slice of of performances in the theatre of every town at certain life' awakes in it no appetite; • Art for art's sake fixed dates, in addition to fête-days and market-days. leaves it wonderfully indifferent; of moralising, it is Communication was slow and costly in those days, and tired for the time being: it is passing through a stage trips to London infinitely rarer than they are now. The of sensuous torpor which is not without charm, and it country folk had to look to their travelling company to *THE ENGLISH STAGE: Being an Account of the Victorian keep them in touch with the success of the moment. Drama. By Augustin Filon. Translated from the French by « On arriving in a new town, the manager's wife Frederic Whyte; with Introduction by Henry Arthur Jones. would go about soliciting respectfully the patronage of New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. the ladies of the place. The manager busied himself a < 248 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL a cern." over everything, played minor rôles, presided over the and Ibsen's influence on the English drama. box-office, undertook the scene painting, and would even That easy, familiar style, so characteristic of take off his coat and turn up his sleeves and lend a hand to the machinist. His life, and the life of all his com- French men of letters, has not been lost in the pany, was half bourgois, half Bohemian; always en route, translation. And, in concluding, it may be but always on the same beat, always coming upon familiar added that Mr. Henry Arthur Jones, under the and friendly faces, a beat on which his father and guise of introducing M. Filon to his English grandfather before bim had followed the same career. He had friends living in every city, dead friends in readers, has some good, and many bad, things every churchyard. Children were born to him on his to say about a dramatic movement in which his travels, and when four or five years old made their own works have exerted no inconsiderable in- appearance upon the stage. These comings and goings, fluence. TULEY FRANCIS HUNTINGTON. the journeyings over green fields, the stoppages and ample breakfastings at little hillside inns, while the horses browsed at large along the hedges, the fresh- ness and peaceful rusticity of all these things, alternating with the tinsel of the theatre and the applause of the MR. AUBREY DE VERE'S RECOLLECTIONS.* audiences, with the artificiality and feverishness of In his preface to his “Recollections” Mr. theatrical life, - must have been a constant entertain- De Vere makes a distinction between Recollec- ment to the little actors and actresses of eight or nine. For the adults, however, the life was a hard one, and tions” and “ Autobiographies.” “This book,” only too often their roman comique was a roman tragique he says, “ belongs to the former class, not to in reality." the latter. We have seen persons and places Here is an account of a pilgrimage which which have amused or interested us, and it M. Filon made to a deserted theatre: occurs to us that if accurately described they "I took it into my head not long ago to pay a visit might amuse or interest others also; but this to the little theatre in which Frédéric Lemaître ap- is a very different thing from writing one's peared, in which Napoleon and Count d'Orsay rubbed shoulders with Dickens and Thackeray, in which there biography, with whi world has little con- was difficulty once in finding a seat for Gladstone, and The book before us is itself a refuta- in which Beaconsfield received a memorable ovation. tion of this modest theory; with its notable The Salvationists have succeeded to the comedians, and, men and their own interpretations of their lives whether or not it be that their trumpets have the virtue the world has a large and serious concern, and of those of Jericho, these historic walls are crumbling to ruin. The place is empty, cold, and desolate. It a memory whose limits are practically those of was on an evening of last winter that I stood pensively the Victorian Era can do us no better service under the porch — the porch through which had flowed than to render up its important and accumu- like a stream all the elegance and talent of a whole lated treasures. generation. The light of a gas jet shone mournfully on We remember the distaste which Hawthorne the notice, mouldy already, . To be let or sold'; and the rain trickled down on me from a gaping hole whence and Tennyson had for biographies, and the the electric light used once to glare upon pretty women appalling disclosures which so many writers of issuing in all their finery from their carriages." them have deemed a necessary part of the task As almost two-thirds of M. Filon's book is which had been set for them ; but now that the concerned with the generation still living, and Tennyson memoirs have been written, and we as contemporary criticism must ever be more have learned from them once more how a bio- or less modified by time, many of the individual graphical work should be done, we may con- judgments expressed here will not be those of sider ourselves recovered from the dismay with twenty-five, or even ten, years hence. Nearness which some exemplars filled us. to the period criticised has in some cases de Mr. De Vere's Recollections date back to the prived the author of that independence of judg- earlier years of the century. In an Irish home ment so essential to enduring criticism. An of wealth and refinement he enjoyed those op- example of this is his attempt to compromise portunities which a mind like his needs for the between the two schools of dramatic criticism due unfolding of its powers. He has, however, now at odds in England, - an attempt that some curious anecdotes to relate of a grand- reminds us more than anything else of the father who was a typical man of the place and endeavors of George Eliot's conciliatory land- period. He was early brought into relation lord in “Silas Marner," or of the worthy old with the varied life of the time, and his inter- umbrella-maker in the double chin whom Irving ests always have been far-reaching and many- humorously describes in « Little Britain." sided. Religion and politics have occupied his Much of M. Filon's criticism, however, has attention as well as literature, and the struggle lasting merit; of this sort is nearly all that he *RECOLLECTIONS OF AUBREY DE VERE. With portrait. has to say of Bulwer Lytton, Irving, Tennyson, New York: Edward Arnold. 6 1897.] 249 THE DIAL 66 6 of his country for genuine subsistence and “ He showed me the scenes to which he was most recognition has been, as was right, a master attached, and recorded many incidents connected with influence in his career. them. In the presence of Nature he seemed to be always either conversing with her as a friend, and watch- Authors are very apt to narrow their inter- ing her changeful moods, or sometimes rapt, like a ests to the subjects with which they are specially prophet, in mystic attention to her oracles. It was by no occupied. The maker of verses is very prone means the picturesque aspects of Nature which affected to believe that the production of a new lyric is him most — it was something far more serious and the end toward which the forces of the century absorbing. For him it was in her deeper meanings that the inspiring influences of Nature chiefly resided. If one have been toiling. Literature is no doubt a had demanded of him what were those deeper meanings, great field which requires assiduous tillage, but it would have been as if one had demanded of Beethoven there are others in which the laborers reap what were the deeper meanings of his grandest sym- abundant harvests and manifold honors. Mr. phonies, which are often his obscurest." De Vere's intimacies with the important men In 1843–4 he travelled in Italy with Sir in diverse regions of intellectual activity give Henry Taylor. The friendship with the author to his book a value which no merely literary of Philip Van Artevelde" extended over a preoccupation could possess. The figures that period period of forty years. The tribute which he cross these pages are as differenced as the labors pays to Sir Henry Taylor is extreme. It may of the period, — Wordsworth, Sir William R. perhaps be said of the Wordsworthians that Hamilton the mathematician, O'Connell, Car. they have dwelt too close to the splendor of dinals Newman and Manning. Some anec- their chief. The poetry of Sir Henry Taylor, dotes of Sir William Rowan Hamilton may be and of Mr. De Vere himself, would have had repeated here. better chances of the recognition which was “ Sir W. R. Hamilton kept a headstrong horse, to undeniably their due if they had moved out of which he had given the name of Comet,' and used to the charmed circle in which they seemed con- gallop it in circles, or perhaps in ellipses, around the tent to remain. There could be but one Words- lawn. On one occasion he mounted him in Dublin, just after a curious mathematical problem had suggested worth, and emancipation from him was a simple itself to him. The horse took a mean advantage of his necessity. abstraction, and ran away. When I found it impossible While travelling to England in the spring of to stop him,' he said, “I gave him his head and returned 1841, Mr. De Vere met O'Connell. They went to the problem. He ran for four miles, and stood still together from Liverpool to London. The potent at my gate — just as the problem was solved.'” “The Royal Astronomer (Hamilton] did not look eye, the large and crafty mouth, the broad through his telescope more than once or twice a year! strong forehead, the confident bearing of the He used to say, • That is my deputy's business. The stars “ Liberator,” made their due impression. As move all night; but what interests me is the high was intimated before, what may be called the mathesis that accounts for their movements.' share of his volume, and the chapters devoted the accumulation of data and so-called facts. to them have a value proportioned to the impor- Mr. Aubrey De Vere began to write poetry tance of their subjects. There is a long account when he was about eighteen years old, although of the great Irish Famine (1846–50), with the without thought of publication. It was to his various forms of attempted amelioration. It is father that he owed his introduction to Words- a dark interlude in a book which is full of sun- worth, the influence that was to dominate so shine, simple humor, generous hopefulness of much of his thought and aspiration. all kinds. “I had happened to say to my father, I suppose An account of the « Recollections " which everyone knows that Byron is the greatest modern poet.' omitted the reminiscences of Cardinal New- He answered, very quietly, “I do not know it.' Then who is ?' He replied, I should say Wordsworth.' man and Cardinal Manning would indeed be * And, pray, what are his chief merits ? He answered, incomplete. Those portions would no doubt • I should say, majesty and pathos, as for instance in be regarded of prime value by the author, and “ Laodamia." I read • Laodamia 'standing, to the last in them there is a subdued enthusiasm which line, and was converted. I seemed to have got upon a new and larger planet, with does not so fully appear elsewhere. Newman 'An ampler ether, a diviner air, and Wordsworth are the two men for whom And fields invested with purpureal gleams.' Mr. De Vere has the deepest admiration, and In 1841 our author passed several days under he has in himself an abundance of the material . His greatest honor of his life. The old poet took admirations, however, are invariably reasoned him out walking. ones; they are not expressed without the a The observation sounds strange in this day of political recollections of the author make a fair Wordsworth’s roof , which he considers the from which hero-worshippers are made. 250 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL 6 a grounds on which they are based. Indeed, the this was accomplished during the year 1867. chapters dealing with Newman and Manning A new national spirit had been growing up in are rather portraits than recollections, and have Germany as in the other parts of Europe dur- the vividness which comes from personal friend- ing the middle part of the century, had reached ship. It will interest the reader to learn that the stage of enthusiasm in 1848, and after the the “Dream of Gerontius ” on the information inevitable reaction following that excitement of Newman “owed its preservation to an acci- had become solidified into a practical working dent. Newman had written it on a sudden principle. Prussia's victory gave it its oppor- impulse, put it aside, and forgotten it. The tunity, and now a real state was to be created editor of a magazine wrote to him asking for a to replace the shadowy affair that had repre- contribution. He looked into all his pigeon- sented German particularism. This same year holes, and found nothing theological; but, in was also a preparation for the struggle that was answering his correspondent, he added that he inevitable before a jealous France could be in- had come upon some verses, which, if as editor duced to accept the changes in the map of he cared to have, were at his command. The Europe and the fancied humiliation of being wise editor did care, and they were published shoved aside from her position as the self- at once. I well remember the delight with constituted arbiter of Europe. This volume which many of them were read aloud by the describes the irritation in France at Prussia's Bishop of Gibraltar, Dr. Charles Harris, who successes, and the efforts, constantly becoming was then on a visit with us, and the ardor with more frantic, to win from Prussia some com- which we all shared his enjoyment.” pensation for the latter's increase of power that So these memories take their course, the would salve the wounded vanity of Frenchmen records of a life devoted to noble purposes and and restore the declining prestige of the Empire; accomplishing high results. We are admitted and how each of these efforts was thwarted by into intimacy with those who played great parts an outburst of national feeling in Germany and in the drama of Victorian life; we see them in by the shrewdness of Bismarck's management. their habit as they moved, and learn much of But Professor von Sybel shows that Bismarck their thought from a listener who was generous did not thwart poor Napoleon's schemes with and sympathetic ; and above all we carry away malignant satisfaction, as many writers have with us a picture of the poet and thinker and declared, but that he was ready to make con- toiler for whom we can only have much of that cessions that might have prevented the war of admiration which he so freely lavishes on 1870, had he not been held in check by the others. military party or by these patriotic outbursts The publisher of the work has done his part that he did not dare to disregard. The outcome of the task well; the volume is a pleasure to of this international game is left for a later ; the eye, as its contents are to the mind and volume. heart of the reader. LOUIS J. BLOCK. These things, however, are almost incidental to the main matter of the volume, which is taken up with a description of the political struggles incident to the formation of the new PRINCE BISMARCK AND THE GERMAN constitution, and to the establishment of definite EMPIRE.* relations with the South German states. The In the new volume of his great work on reader is forcibly reminded of the struggles of “ The Founding of the German Empire,” Pro- our own Critical Period and the Constitutional fessor von Sybel carries along the story only a Convention of 1787. There was the same nar- little more than a year, but it is so important row particularism, the same jealousy of state a year that it is well worth the careful atten- against state, the same unpractical idealism. tion that is bestowed upon it. With the vic- But in the German Reichstag the national tory of Prussia over Austria, the exclusion of spirit was reinforced by the overwhelming in. the latter power from the new Germany, and fluence of Prussia and her great statesman, by the consequent dissolution of the old Confeder- the powerful Customs-Union upon which the ation, a general readjustment of both internal material prosperity of the smaller states de- and foreign relations was made necessary; and pended, and by the pressure of outside nations. On the other hand, German idealism tended IAM I. By Heinrich von Sybel. Volume VI. New York: naturally to increase the difficulty of reaching T. Y. Crowell & Co. a satisfactory result as against the practical 1897.] 251 THE DIAL sources. Anglo-Saxon tendencies of our Fathers. With STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT.* due pressure judiciously applied by Bismarck at critical times, a good working constitution The interest shown by New Testament scholars was framed and promptly ratified. in the life of Jesus is repeatedly evidenced in pub- The matter of the relations of the South lishers' lists. Here, quite as much as in any biblical German States to the new German nation was works, the historical spirit is capable of producing studies in which doetrine is treated so objectively difficult to handle, but was handled with con- as to lose much of the metaphysical character from summate shrewdness. Their accession to the which it has so long suffered. Confederation in time was inevitable, for they In his “ Student's Life of Jesus,” Professor Gil- could not stand alone, they could not go back bert has given teachers an excellent help for the to Austria, and they could not be dependent conduct of both seminary and college classes. It is upon France, — the German national spirit written in simple style, and with considerable criti- would work out the union in due time. But cal liberality. Now biographers who deal with the Bismarck recognized that to hurry the process Gospels in anything like a conservative spirit are would be to retard it, and so, to the astonish altogether too prone to regard as separate episodes ment of the surrounding nations, who could any accounts which are not strikingly similar, ob- livious of the fact that the same event may appear hardly understand such self-restraint, he dis- in very different guise in different families of couraged all premature attempts to bring them In the case of the three gospels, it is alto- in. Their relations to the Confederation were gether probable that this is true of several accounts fixed on a comfortable working basis, they in which details are variant. Professor Gilbert has entered the reorganized Customs-Union, they recognized this to a considerable extent, and has bound themselves to the Confederation by close not fallen into the common fault of over.identifica- alliances, and then were left to themselves. tion. Another excellence of the book is its Intro- Later events showed how thoroughly German duction, in which, despite the author's rejection of they were at heart, and how readily they would what seems to most authorities the most probable join their northern brothers when a common explanation of the origin of the Synoptics, he has patriotic endeavor should break down the tra- given sufficient data to enable the student to get a very fair general conception of the synoptic prob ditional barriers between them. lems. And this is no small service. One may per- The author states in his preface that after haps not always agree with some of the author's Prince Bismarck's retirement he was refused conclusions, and at times it is disappointing to find access to the documents of the Foreign Office, hesitancy in the treatment of questions ; but, after and for a time gave up his project. But being all, the book is admirably adapted for use by those pushed by his publisher to continue the work persons who really want to begin the study of the and fulfil his contract, he found that the litera- life of Jesus according to modern methods. ture already in print, written records made at Very similar is the work of Professor Bruce. the time, diaries, journals, and correspondence, with soberness, and its conclusions, if not novel, are Though a sort of by-product of the study, it is written and his own recollections as a leading actor in at least so simply stated as to give it a certain inde- the parliamentary life that he describes, would pendent value. Here we find the critical spirit pro- in a measure supply the place of official docu- ments. " The documents denied me would *THE STUDENT'S LIFE OF JESUS. By George Holley Gilbert, Ph.D., D.D., Professor of New Testament Literature and In- probably have afforded a greater knowledge terpretation in Chicago Theological Seminary. Press of Chi- of detail, but in so far as a correct conception cago Theological Seminary. of the essential course of events is concerned, WITH OPEN FACE; or, Jesus Mirrored in Matthew, Mark, and Luke. By Alexander Balmain Bruce, D.D., Professor of their place was fully supplied.” New Testament Exegesis in the Free Church College, Glasgow. CHARLES H. COOPER. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. A CRITICAL AND EXEGETICAL COMMENTARY ON THE GOS- PEL ACCORDING TO LUKE (International Critical Commentary With the death of Newton Bateman, of Galesburg, an Series). By the Rev. Alfred Plummer, D.D., Master of interesting figure disappears from educational Illinois. University College, Durham, New York: Charles Scribner's Dr. Bateman was for fourteen years superintendent of Sons. the public schools of the State, and for nearly twenty A CRITICAL AND EXEGETICAL COMMENTARY on the Epis- years following was President of Knox College. He tles to the Philippians and to Philemon (International Critical belonged to the generation of Mann and Barnard, and Commentary Series). By Rev. Marvin R. Vincent, D.D., his influence as a public educator was at least compar- Baldwin Professor of Sacred Literature in Union Theological Seminary. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. able with theirs. Of late he has been engaged in editing, A HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN THE APOSTOLIC AGE. together with Mr. Paul Selby, a “ Historical Encyclo- By Arthur Cushman McGiffert, Ph.D., D.D., Washburn Pro- pedia of Illinois," and the work is practically ready for fessor of Church History in Union Theological Seminary. publication. Dr. Bateman died October 21, at the age “International Theological Library." New York: Charles of seventy-five. Scribner's Sons. 252 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL As ducing something more than conjecture and destruc- The latest addition to the same series is much tion. Professor Bruce, in popularizing the positive smaller in compass, and deals with matters of much conclusions of a life of scholarship, has rendered no less difficulty. Yet among the numerous commen- small service to the great number of intelligent men taries in Phillippians, this of Professor Vincent is who do not care for processes, but wish to study the bound to be ranked more highly than his Preface character and teachings of Jesus in the same spirit modestly hopes. The work is characterized by the as that with which they approach other men. same thoroughness that one has learned to expect an elementary study of the chief peculiarities of each from its author, and although we shall be slow to of the three synoptists it will be found of great aid forget the work of Lightfoot, it will be difficult to by those who care more for rapid description than find as equally compact and complete an Introduc- for the minutiæ of criticism. Perhaps the most tion as that furnished in the present volume. Very striking — certainly the most novel — portion of the sensibly Professor Vincent has not attempted to pad work is the addition of a catechism by the use of which his volume up to a regulation number of pages, but it is hoped that young minds may be early indoctri- has been content to explain that alone that needed nated with the proper conceptions of Jesus. It is explanation. Yet on the great doctrinal passage, to be feared that few except Scotchmen will feel 2:6-10, he has given a most exhaustive study of deeply the need of such an instrument, but none the the words employed. Other special studies, though less is it suggestive and valuable as a sort of epitome naturally not as numerous as those in some of the of Professor Bruce's own position. other volumes of the series, are equally good. It is There has been a great lack of good commentaries also gratifying to see that in the discussion of these upon the Third Gospel, and for this reason, if for strongly rhetorical passages, Professor Vincent holds no other, the new volume by Professor Plummer is fast to his conception of the informal, untheological welcome. As a book to be used, it has the excellence character of the letter as a whole. His discussion of the other volumes of the “ International Critical of Philemon is marked by sympathy and apprecia- Commentary Series ” — admirable paragraphing, tion, and his full discussion of the relations of Paul- suggestive variation in style, clear analyses. It is ine Christianity to slavery are interesting, both his- evidently the fruit of great reading and study. The torically and sociologically. Introduction contains an exhaustive treatment of the It is perhaps not altogether without significance literary peculiarities of Luke, as well as an admir- that the most notable contributions during the past able discussion of his point of view. Professor few months to New Testament study have been Plummer rejects the allegation that Luke wrote made in connection with the two series in each of under Ebinistic influences, and has admirably which Professor Briggs is co-editor, for such results summed up the whole susceptibility of Luke to social point to the increasing fruitfulness of the critical problems in declaring that he is opposed to worldli- method of which he has become one of the chief ness but not to wealth. As to the sources whence representatives. Of them all we are tempted to Luke drew his materials, the author seems to hold, regard the work of Professor McGiffert as on the though with some hesitation, the current view of whole worthy of the most consideration, both for two main and several supplementary groups of the sweep of its treatment and use of historical material. He does not, however, very often make criticism. Persons familiar only with the older use of such a critical position as a means of solving English and American literature on the Apostolic some of the questions suggested by a comparison of Age will be especially impressed with this radical Luke and Matthew, but seems to prefer to regard departare in method, and will perhaps also be dis- Jesus as having repeated many of his sayings - a appointed to find that the neutral attitude of the position that becomes somewhat difficult when historian has so largely replaced religious sympathy applied to the relations of the “Sermon on the and fervor. But at the same time they will be com- Plain” and the “Sermon on the Mount." Indeed, pelled to admit the book's worth. Professor Mc- one cannot escape a feeling of disappointment in Giffert's positions on the chief questions at present seeing how little bearing the whole critical position undergoing investigation are in most instances revo- of the Introduction has upon the main portion of the lutionary, not only of a received chronology of the Commentary. English (not Scotch) scholarship seems Apostolic Age, but also in one instance at least (the far more conservative—one is tempted to say cautious date of the Epistle to the Galatians) of the current -than American in grappling with the critical ques- order of the events in Paul's life. To discuss these tions of the New Testament. The exegesis (despite questions is here impossible, but one cannot alto- the absence of word-studies and the preference of a gether agree with (1) the identification of Paul's known Cremer and Trench to an unknown Vincent visits to Jerusalem, mentioned Acts 11, 15, and and Thayer) is sober and scholarly. It is most satis- Galatians 2:1-10; (2) with the date of Galatians; factory to see Jesus freed of the amiable prodigality in (3) with the date of the accession of Felix, although charity given him by the Authorized Version through in the latter case the author's position the mistranslation of the Greek. Altogether, the work approximating it approximating it — can claim the support of such bears out the promise given by the volume of Sanday names as Harnack and Oskar Holtzmann. Professor and Headlam on Romans, and is easily the best com- McGiffert's discussion of the Pastoral Epistles mentary on Luke produced in English. which, as they stand, he regards as not written by or one 1 1897.] 253 THE DIAL An index to trary, the Paul, though based upon and comprising genuine “ Isle of Man ” and “Manx Life." And lest no letters of the Apostle - is especially strong. The searcher for instruction in the guise of fiction should other epistles of Paul, in common with the present miss M. Zola's “ Lourdes,” we find that work classi- semi-conservative tendency of criticism he regards fied under “Christian Science," "Ghost Stories,” as genuine. 1 Peter he ingeniously suggests was and “Medical Novels." As for the minor inaccu- written by Barnabas, 2 Peter being the single pseu-racies, they are legion. It took us only about five donymous letter of the canon. In his criticism of minutes to spot the following: “Civil War, England, Acts, Professor McGiffert, although giving no com- 1625”;“Meimhold,” for the author of “ Die Bern- prehensive statement as to his position, is yet con- steinhexe”; “Naulahke,” for Mr. Kipling's novel; sistent, although at times his omission to set forth “Valentius,” for Mr. Astor's “Valentino”; “Tollo," fully his critical position makes his decisions appear for “ Tolla”; “Jou Thoroddsen,” for Jon of that arbitrary. But taking the volume as a whole, we ilk; and “Olaf Trygg Veson,” for the famous Norge are impressed with its importance as a contribution King. to the literature of its subject, and may well con- A few years ago, when Browning gratulate American scholarship that it has produced Papers of a Societies were something new under Browning Society. a work conceived in the modern spirit, which, though the sun, they were characterized as perhaps less original than that work, cannot unfairly “fads," and described as “ adult parsing societies be classed with that of Weizsäcker. for the working out of literary conundrums, puz- SHAILER MATHEWS. zles, and rebuses.” How far these statements fail of the truth, in some cases, is shown by the con- tinued existence of the Boston Browning Society after twelve years, and by the publication of twenty- BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. four of its papers as representative of its work dur- The fact is that there are here no ing that time. « The Comprehensive Subject-Index evidences of the verbal interpretation and gram- to Universal Prose Fiction,” by Mrs. prose fiction. matical quibbling sometimes supposed to make up Zella Allen Dixson (Dodd), is a the proceedings of a Browning Club. On the con- bibliographical work for the guidance of novel- papers deal with such themes as Brown- readers who wish to derive something more than ing's thought, art, and philosophy, in a manner at amusement from works of fiction. “Only novels once so sympathetic and so judicial that all lovers of with a purpose, those which are sent out into the good literary criticism, whether Browning students world with a definite lesson to teach mankind,” are or not, must delight in them. Long ago somebody included in this list. The idea is an excellent one, dubbed Browning “ the poet of the opaques,” and in and has before been embodied in the annotated the popular mind this has served to account for the catalogues of some of our larger public libraries, as clubs devoted to the study of his writings. But the well as in the special lists published from time to time by Mr. W. M. Griswold. The present volume popular mind mistakes. Browning societies were started, as Shakespeare societies are started, in order is the most ambitious attempt that has yet been made to read and re-read, to study and to know, a great in this direction, and gives the titles of many poet, and in the belief that Browning, like every thousands of books, including novels in the chief other, would be better enjoyed by repeated reading, continental languages. It would, perhaps, be a little more appreciated in proportion as better known. unfair to criticise such a compilation for its omis- The work of the Boston Browning Society has been sions, which are many, or even for the fact that it conducted in this spirit, and, numbering in its mem- includes a vast amount of rubbishy literature whose bership such thinkers and writers as Col. Thomas “ definite lesson to teach mankind is at least Wentworth Higginson, Mr. Josiah Royce, Mr. questionable. But the positive inaccuracies of the George Willis Cooke, Dr. William J. Rolfe, Mr. work are so glaring that they cannot be allowed to pass unnoticed. On the Charles Carroll Everett, Miss Vida D. Scudder, and very first the subject page many others as able, though perhaps less known to of Abbeys appears, and the classification runs after fame, the result reflects no small glory upon con- this fashion: MELROSE. Monastery. Sir Walter temporary literary criticism in America. In this Scott. NIGHTMARE. Nightmare Abbey. Thomas Love Peacock. NORTHANGER. Northanger Abbey. praise it is ouly fair to include the admirable and full Index made by Miss Dame, and the handsome Jane Austen. It makes a queer sort of catalogue; setting given the volume by the Macmillan Company. but stranger things are to follow. When we find Boyesen's “Gunnar" under the head of Vikings," The elaborate religious rituals of the and Franzos's “Ein Kampf um’s Recht" under The Religion of the ancient Egyptians have attracted the Ancient Egyptians. “Galicia, Spain,” we rub our eyes, but the climax attention of students of comparative is reached when we find Mr. Kenneth Grahame's religion for the last twenty years. One good fea- “Golden Age" catalogued under "Lives of Christ." ture of the study is the fact that we have a half- A book is frequently entered under several heads, dozen works written by Egyptian scholars, who have as is proper, but it was hardly necessary, for the sake translated the original texts for themselves. Dr. of Mr. Hall Caine, to provide lists under both Wiedemann, the author of the work before us, 254 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL 9 -- “ The Religion of the Ancient Egyptians” (Put- plishment of these needed reforms." Pablic expen- nam), a Professor in the University of Bonn, Ger- ditures, public revenues, public indebtedness, and many, now gives us his translations and interpre- financial administration, are the main divisions of tation of the religious texts of Egypt. Though the subject. The author endeavors to remedy de- containing much that is technical, the book is ad. fects in previous treatises on the subject, and to es- mirably adapted for the popular, if somewhat tablish a uniformity of classification which shall scholarly, thinker and reader. The chapters of the hold through his entire work. The method adopted book are discussions of these among other topics : | is that suggested by Professor Cohn for all public Sun worship, solar myths, the passage of the sun charges, the relation of contributions demanded to through the under world, chief deities, foreign benefits conferred. The author follows his classifi- deities, worship of animals, Osiris and his cycle, the cation consistently, though laboring under evident Osirian doctrine of immortality, magic and sorcery, difficulty at times in making his topic fit the classi- and amulets. By means of translations of the texts fication. The comparative study of financial systems and of seventy-three illustrations, the author puts is carried only 80 far as to include those of the his theme in a clear-cut, concise, and attractive United States, Germany, France, and England. form. The point of view of Dr. Wiedemann is not We can hardly look for exhaustive treatment of any always in agreement with that of his co-workers in phase of the subject in a book of this size, — the the field of Egyptian lore, but he wisely presents, sections devoted to the various kinds of taxes are without wearisome and long-drawn-out discussion, especially disappointing. Yet the book fills an the view most acceptable to his own mind. One of urgent want, and is admirable for its intended the chief points where universal agreement has not purpose. been reached is wisely handled by him in the fol- An analysis of the forces controlling lowing statement (pp. 109, 110): “It is vain to Development of life the growth and the differentiation of in laboratory. draw far-reaching conclusions as to the fundamen- the developing organism, and of the tal ideas of the ancient Egyptian religion. ... It laws under which they operate, has been sought by cannot be proved from the inscriptions that no such the method of experiment upon the living egg. The conception [as monotheism] existed in Ancient salient achievements of this rising science of experi- Egypt. In view of the repeated attempts to bring mental embryology are set forth in Professor T. H. the Egyptian religion forward in evidence, now on Morgan's "The Development of the Frog's Egg" the one side and now on the other, in the discussion (Macmillan). A full outline of the normal devel- concerning an early monotheism, the fact must be opment is given, from the formation of the sex-cells emphasized again and again that no trustworthy to the hatching of the tadpole. The main emphasis evidence whatever is as yet afforded to either side of the work is laid, however, upon those alterations by our knowledge of that religion. Among the in the usual course of development which attend chapters of the volume there is none of more inter- the introduction of new factors into the environ- est than that on “ The Osirian Doctrine of Immor- ment of the egg. Rotation in a centrifugal ma- tality,” also that on “The Worship of Animals.” chine, pressure, inversion, mutilation, a weak salt The whole volume presents many correctives of cur- solution, all result in characteristic abnormalities. rent erroneous views of Egyptian worship and de- Even the individuality of the organism is a toy in serves the most careful consideration of every stu- the hands of the experimenter; from half-eggs dent of comparative religion. half-embryos can be produced, but if the half-egg In Professor Carl C. Plehn's 6 Intro- be inverted a whole embryo of half-size results. Problems of duction to Public Finance” (Mac- Subdivision of the egg (of the sea-urchin) gives public finance. millan), we welcome the first Ameri- several embryos, where normal development would can work which attempts to treat the entire subject. have produced but one. A suggestive discussion of We have many valuable monographs by American the results thus far attained is placed before the authors, covering different phases, but until the ap- intending student, but he must still look to the orig- pearance of this little treatise we were obliged to inal sources for an adequate account of the methods seek for scientific treatment of the whole field in employed other countries than ours. The attempt has here Dr. Spahr's recent work entitled "An been made to present the fundamental principles of Essay on the Present Distribution the science in a condensed form suitable for class- of Wealth in the United States" The author gives in his preface the (Crowell) is a valuable contribution to the study of ex- purpose of the book. “There can be no doubt that isting society, and is suggestive and stimulating in its the most pressing reforms of the close of the nine- clear and forceful presentation of facts and figures. teenth century are tax reforms. The rapid exten- Statistical and dry are not synonymous terms as far sion of governmental functions, - the invasion by as this volume is concerned. The subject is treated the government of fields of activity that lie near to under the three heads of Distribution of Property, the welfare of the people, has given rise to great Distribution of Incomes, and Distribution of Taxes. interest in the financial side of these activities. It It begins with a retrospect of English conditions since the Middle Ages, and reaches the startling How wealth is distributed in the United States. room use. - 1897.] 255 THE DIAL Lectures on conclusion that less than 2 per cent of the families or out. The purpose of the book is to lead the stu. of the United Kingdom hold about as much private dent to recognize literary work as art; to collect property as all the remainder, and that 93 per cent and define all the more essential properties of this of the people hold less than 8 per cent of the accu- art connectedly, and to exemplify their application mulated wealth.” In the United States, the line of in systematic analysis. Schedules are presented cleavage on questions of property is not between intended to cover the essential characteristics of East and West, as is usually thought, but between the three great classes of writing - poems, dramas, city and country, the natural result of the rapid in- novels. Themes, plans, amplification, versification, dustrial concentration in business centres. Here, style, are the subjects of chapters containing much again, 1 per cent of the families of the United direct and suggestive material for the inexperienced States receive one-quarter of its entire income. The lover of good literature. The concluding chapter, author's conclusions lead naturally to a consideration “Final Verdicts,” is an up-to-date discussion of such of our much-deplored system of taxation, with its modern literary forms as the compound tale, made inequalities and consequent injustices. A remedy up of a number of single poems, after the manner is not to be found, the author insists, in equal taxa- of Tennyson ; the dramatic monologue, Browning's tion of property, even could that be secured. The favorite form; symbolism, as practised by Ibsen, public will demand, as a cure for its ills, a progres- Maeterlinck, William Sharp, and others. The book sive property tax. “ The public welfare is the is to be highly commended for doing well something supreme law, and the heart and conscience of the that much needed doing. nation are bound to give effect to measures which shall make the wealth of the nation synonymous When the Dean of Norwich projected with the national well-being.” the Fathers. a course of lectures to be delivered in Norwich Cathedral, presumably in To the story of the Indian and of the 1895 or 1896, and with the evident intention of The passing of Mine, in the “Story of the West” having the lectures subsequently published in book the cowboy. series (Appleton), Mr. E. Hough has form, he selected for the general subject “The added the “Story of the Cowboy.” In the rapidly Fathers.” It is somewhat curious to find these lec- passing panorama of the development of the great tures now collected and published under the title West, the cowboy has always stood for the extreme " Lectures on Ecclesiastical History” (Thomas of picturesqueness. Mr. Hough has not shorn him Whittaker). It is also curious to find sandwiched of any glamour or romance, but in addition gives a in between a lecture on the life and times of St. realization of the extent of his kingdom, the magni- Ambrose and one on Jerome, an essay (evidently tude of the interests entrusted to him, and the not a lecture) on the Church in the Catacombs. courage and hardihood necessary to his daily work. Books thus prepared are more apt to exhibit a The reader of this most interesting book is brought variety of literary styles than any other character- into vivid touch with daily life on the plains, -istic. And books on Church history thus produced participates in “round-ups," chases the predatory are apt to present divergent views on some subjects “ rustler," and anathematizes “strays" and “Maver- of minor importance. This has been avoided in the icks.” The last chapter is a plea for the cowboy to present case by the care exercised by the Dean to be regarded in history, not as an eccentric driver of select his lectures among Churchmen of the grade horned cattle, but as a man suited to the times. He established by Dean Farrar, who delivered the first disappeared because of the small landholder, the lecture in the course, upon Ignatius and Polycarp. sheep-herder, the fence-builder, and especially the The French irrigator. The mind's eye is aided in forming these Every attempt to trace the real birth Revolution pictures of the past by the page illustrations in the as it seemed of political parties in the United book from the brush of Mr. Russell, himself a States must end at the varying in- dweller on a Montana ranch. fluence of the French Revolution on the citizens of this youthful republic. Jefferson and Hamilton A student's The conception of literature as a fit were but captains in the great line-up of sympathy handbook of subject for systematic study in the or condemnation, — the old against the new, the literary art. schools is comparatively so new that tried against the visionary. Students have there- each person, student or teacher, has been obliged fore gone constantly to every source which would largely to form his own methods of examining its indicate contemporary feeling on this subject, and contents and of defining the principles of its art. especially to Gouverneur Morris, Thomas Jefferson, Neither the rhetorics nor the outlines of the his- and James Monroe, who were capable eye-witnesses tory of literature have thrown much light upon to many scenes of that great drama. But pressure the principles which each critic must apply, at one upon the time of the student and reader has caused point or another, whenever he writes a review, or a compilation to be made, not alone of the sources in any way discusses a written composition. Miss indicated above, but of all “ Contemporary Ameri- Harriet Noble, in offering “A Handbook for the can Opinion of the French Revolution," by Professor Study of Literary Art” (Inland Publishing Co.), Hazen of Smith College. It is scarcely just to speak has done a real service to students, whether in school of the work as a compilation, since the author has, to Americans. 256 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL | 1 1 Another Jubilee Book. especially in the opinion of contemporaries at home, and hardly to be ranked with his greater efforts, traced a connecting line and formed a concluding they are yet fragments of honest, clear-lined work- opinion which enables him to present his own views. manship, and certainly worth rescuing from the But as a short cut to scattered matter the work will densely piled, double-columned débris of the ency- prove most useful. It comes as an “extra volume"clopædia. There are seventeen of these sketches in in the “Johns Hopkins University Studies.” all; and being prefaced by a sympathetic intro- duction from the author's fellow-Scotsman, Mr. S.R. One of the more noteworthy of the Crockett, and given a handsome dress by the pub- hundred and one books about the lishers (Lippincott), the book, which bears the title Queen and her reign, brought out on “Montaigne and Other Essays," will be welcomed the occasion of her Diamond Jubilee, is “The Pri- by all lovers of Carlyle. vate Life of the Queen, by a Member of the Royal Household,” published in this country by the Messrs. Appleton. The book is sufficiently characterized by one sentence in the author's preface : “My con- BRIEFER MENTION. cern is merely with the petty personal details of the greatest woman of her time. ..." The writer is Professor L. Oscar Kuhns is the author of a little evidently a woman, and, we conjecture, a former treatise on “ The Treatment of Nature in Dante's maid-of-honor. The minuteness of her information • Divine Comedy?” (Arnold), which proves to be a very Nature is, of course, will give pleasure to the curious, while her refuta- creditable piece of work. taken in the modern sense of the term, rather than the tion of a number of false reports and correction of metaphysical sense in which Dante himself used it. wrong impressions concerning her sovereign will The quotations and parallel passages of which the book gratify the latter's admirers. Eleven good half. largely consists are grouped under such heads as Italy, tone illustrations enliven the text. But why could the Flora, the Fauna, Atmospheric Phenomena, and the not the author have eulogized the Queen without Heavenly Bodies. Professor Kubns has also published murdering the Queen's English? Too frequent for (Crowell) an edition of Cary's translation of the Divine “ the entire enjoyment of the reader are such inele- Comedy,” together with Rossetti's translation of “ The gant constructions as the following: “To the right New Life." Some of Cary's notes are retained, others are a magnificent line of fourteen vineries, broken are provided by the editor, and a good introduction only in the centre by Mr. Owen Thomas's, the head prefaces the text. It remains to be said that the volume gardener, picturesque house." is a handsome one, and illustrated by an extensive series of well-chosen photographs. The fourth volume of Mr. Donald G. The volumes in the Dent-Macmillan series of “Temple Mitchell's “ English Lands, Letters, Classics” and “ Temple Dramatists "continue to multi- from “Ik Marvel.” ply. In the first-named series the latest to reach us are and Kings" (Scribner) deals with Vols. II. and III. of Boswell's Johnson, and Vols. IV. the period of the Later Georges to Victoria. It and V. of Montaigne's essays (both works to be com- opens upon that always delightful country of hills pleted in six volumes); and Chapman's translation of and waters known as the Lake District of England, the “Odyssey” in two volumes. In the series of and pictures the interesting lives of its illustrious « Dramatists we have lately had four new volumes, brotherhood of poets and essayists, passes on to Scott comprising : “ Edward III.,” edited by Mr. G. C. Moore at Abbotsford, to Edinboro' and its famous “Re- Smith ; Sheridan's “ The Rivals ” and “ The Critic," view," full of power and pyrotechnics, to London both edited by Mr. G. A. Aitken; and Fletcher's “ The Faithful Shepherdess,” edited by Mr. F. W. Moorman. and Walter Savage Landor, “master of classicism, -From the same publishers we have received “Bon- master of language, but never quite master of him- Mots of the Eighteenth Century,” issued in their dainty self,” and so on to the great names of the beginning series of “ Bon-Mots,” of which Mr. Walter Jerrold is of the century,- Byron, Shelley, Keats. Only the the editor. Miss Alice B. Woodward's numerous little very early days of Victoria's reign come into view, grotesques ” scattered throughout this volume add and thus we may look forward to at least one more greatly to its attractiveness. volume in this delightful series — the sooner the “The Story of Jean Valjean” (Ginn), edited by Miss better, for these little books have a certain charm Sara E. Wiltse, is a volume in the series of « Classics distinct from any others, one which age cannot wither for Children.” It amounts to a translation of « Les nor custom stale for those who read and loved “Ik Misérables,” without some of the digressions of the Marvel” when both they and he were young. original. As there are over a thousand pages in this version, it will be seen that the excisions are not con- Between the years 1820 and 1823, siderable. pol-boiling work Thomas Carlyle did much "pot- The famous “ Confessions” of Jean Jacques Rous- of Carlyle. boiling” work for “ Brewster's Ed- seau, in the English translation published anonymously inburgh Encyclopædia," in the shape of biograph- a century ago, comes to us in the prettiest of reprints, with an introduction by Mr. S. W. Orson. There are “ Wretched lives," he himself called four volumes, with illustrations after the designs made them in his atrabiliary moments; at other times, by M. Maurice Leloir. The imprint is that of Messrs. he confessed that he was seldom happier than when Gibbings & Co., London, and the work is sold in this writing them. Brief as most of these writings are, country by the J. B. Lippincott Co. A new volume " " a Some resurrected ical essays. 1897.] 257 THE DIAL LITERARY NOTES. 9) > The Century Co. bas just published a new edition of Mr. John La Farge's “ An Artist's Letters from Japan.” Seraphita,” “The Seamy Side of History," and “ Cousin Betty," are three new volumes in the Dent- Macmillan edition of Balzac. “ Tom Moore in Bermuda " is the title of a brochure written and published by Mr. J. C. Lawrence Clark, of Lancaster, Mass. It is a bit of literary gossip,” attract- ively written and illustrated. “ How to Build a Home” is the title of an excellent little book of Mr. Francis C. Moore, just published by the Doubleday & McClure Co. “ The Story of Germ Life,” by Professor H. W. Conn, is published by the Messrs. Appleton in their series of little books of popular science called “ The Library of Useful Stories." Volume IV. of “Cromwell,” the life of Sterling, and “Past and Present," are the three latest volumes in the “Centenary" edition of Carlyle, published by Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons. We are pleased to hear that Dr. H. H. Furness has finished editing “A Winter's Tale," which will soon appear as a new volume of the “ Variorum Shakes- peare, published by the J. B. Lippincott Co. It is interesting to know that the Oxford University Press, in establishing an American branch, has incor- porated it under the laws of New York, its business being carried on by a staff of American citizens, with Mr. Henry Frowde as president. “Tales of Humor,” “ Romance,” and “ Little Master- pieces” are the titles of three small volumes of short stories just issued by the new publishing house, the Doubleday & McClure Co. The latter of the three contains tales from Poe, edited by Mr. Bliss Perry. Messrs. D. Appleton & Co. are the publishers of a “Natural History,” the work of Mr. R. Lydekker and other specialists, which provides, in a compact volume of nearly eight hundred pages, a trustworthy survey of the animal kingdom as at present known to science. “ The Dictionary of the Bible,” planned by Robertson Smith, and since his death carried on by Professor Cheyne and Dr. Sutherland Black, is making steady progress, and five-sixths of the whole material is now in the editors' hands. The work will form a single very large volume, and be published by the Macmillan Co. One would hardly look for “ literature” in the annual “ Report of the Commissioner of Education," but the first volume of that valuable work for 1895-96 contains at least one paper of high literary value. It is the account of “ Early Educational Life in Middle Georgia,” prepared for the Bureau of Education by Colonel Richard Malcolm Johnston, and quite as enter- taining as the fiction of that genial writer. A volume of “Selected Masterpieces of Biblical Literature” has been edited by Professor R. G. Moulton for “ The Modern Reader's Bible," and is published by the Macmillan Co. From the same publishers we have, in their series of “ Economic Classics," a reprint of Augustin Cournot's “ Researches into the Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth," which appeared in 1838. The translation of the latter work is by Mr. Nathaniel T. Bacon. Francis Turner Palgrave, known to all readers as the editor of the best anthology of English lyrics ever com- piled, died on the twenty-fourth of October, at the age of seventy-three. A student of Balliol, a fellow of Exeter, and Professor of Poetry to the University, Pal- grave was all his life long an Oxford man and little else. He was an original poet of considerable merit, and a critic of no mean achievement, but it is as the editor of “ The Golden Treasury” that he will be best remem- bered. Justin Winsor, for many years Librarian of Harvard University, died at his home in Cambridge on the twenty-second of last month. He was born in Boston, January 2, 1831, and obtained his education first at Harvard, then in Heidelberg and Paris. In 1868, he became Superintendent of the Boston Public Library, leaving that institution for Harvard in 1877. Besides being one of the leaders in his profession for a quarter of a century, he was one of the foremost of American historians. His ungraceful style will always debar him from taking rank with Parkman and Motley in popular favor, but his work has qualities of solid scholarship that insure it the esteem of them that know. His most important works are the “Memorial History of Boston" and the “Life of Christopher Columbus," while the great “ Narrative and Critical History of America" was edited by him with such discerning judgment and range of scholarship that his fame will rest upon that work quite as much as upon his original contributions to historical and cartographical knowledge. The death of Charles Anderson Dana, on the seven- teenth of October, removed from American journalism one of its most conspicuous figures. Mr. Dana was born August 8, 1819, in New Hampshire, and spent his boyhood in Buffalo. He entered Harvard in 1839, but was compelled by defective eyesight to give up his studies for the time, and soon thereafter attached him- self for a brief period to the Brook Farm community, which accident, rather than serious significance, has made so famous an episode in New England history. After a few years of miscellaneous journalism, he became managing editor of the New York « Tribune,” retaining that connection until 1862. He was then employed by the War department at Washington for several years, then embarked upon a short-lived newspaper enterprise in Chicago, and finally, in 1867, became the proprietor and editor of the New York “Sun." It is as the editor of that journal that he is best known, although he did a certain amount of fairly creditable literary work. In spite of its excellence in make-up, in the use of language, and in the collection of news (or rather, perhaps, because of those qualities, so admirable in themselves), the “Sun” has exercised a deeply demoralizing effect upon American journalism, and the remarkable abilities of its editor have usually been put to the worst possible There has hardly been a scoundrel in public life during the past generation whom the “Sun” has not championed, hardly a vicious measure of government that it has not espoused. On the other hand, it has waged persistent warfare upon men whom the nation has delighted to honor, and upon reforms that have enlisted in their behalf the best elements of the entire community, and all this with a malignity, a vindictive- ness, and an unscrupulous mendacity that have rarely been approached even in American journalism. In thus outraging both the intelligence and the moral sentiment of the public, the paper has gone so far as to defeat its own purposes, and in this fact must be sought whatever compensation there is for the degradation of its thirty years' presence among us. a use. > 258 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL 66 TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. November, 1897. Andrée's Flight. Jonas Stadling. Century. Bacon-Shakespeare Folly, The. John Fiske. Atlantic. Banquets of the Olden Time. F.J. Ziegler. Lippincott. Bible Study. John W. Hall. Educational Review. Biology, Century's Progress in. H. S. Williams. Harper. Bismarck and the German Empire. C. H. Cooper. Dial. Books, Re- Reading of. John Burroughs. Century. California's Climate, Oddities of. F. H. Dewey. Lippincott. Cameron, Mrs., Friends of. V. C. S. O'Connor. Century. Child-Study for Teachers. G. W. A. Luckey. Educat'l Rev. Chitral, Story of. Charles Lowe. Century. Cities, Great, Growth of. Roger S. Tracy. Century. “Constitution,” The Frigate. Ira N. Hollis. Atlantic. Cope, Edward Drinker. H. F. Osborn. Century. Courtesies, Small. Frances C. Baylor. Lippincott. Creatures of the Past, Strange. W. H. Ballou. Century. Democracy and the Laboring Man. F.J. Stimson. Atlantic. De Vere, Aubrey, Recollections of. L. J. Block. Dial. Dialect, The Day of. T.C. De Leon. Lippincott. Drama, The Victorian. T. F. Huntington. Dial. Education Society, Beginnings of an. Educational Review. Educational Movements, English. Sir J. Fitch. Ed. Rev. Elective System in American Colleges. Educational Review. English and Latin in Illinois High Schools. Educat'l Rev. Government by “Gentlemen.” Fred. P. Powers. 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The new leaflets are as follows: a Reprint of the First Number of The Liberator ; Wendell Phillips's Eulogy of Garrison ; Theodore Parker's Address on the Dangers from Slavery; Whittier's Account of the Anti-slavery Convention of 1833 ; Mrs. Stowe's Story of “Uncle Tom's Cabin"; Sumner's Speech on the Crime against Kansas; Words of John Brown; and the first Lincoln and Douglas Debate. These eight leaflets are bound together in a neat volume in paper covers, with an introduction giving complete lists of all the Old South leaflets and lectures since 1883, and sold for thirty-five cents. Accompanied as all the leaflets are with careful references to the best books, nothing could be a better guide for clubs and classes making a study of the Anti- slavery Struggle. The Old South leaflets are sold for 5 cents a copy, or $4.00 per hundred. Send for complete list. DIRECTORS OF OLD SOUTH WORK, Old South Meeting House, Washington St., Boston, Mass. 1897.] 261 THE DIAL Houghton, Mifflin & Co.'s New Books & History, Biography, Etc. OLD VIRGINIA AND HER NEIGHBOURS. By John FISKE. 2 vols., crown 8vo, gilt top, $4.00. These volumes cover the settlement and growth of Vir- ginia, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia, nearly to the Revolution. It is a most interesting story, and has never before been told with the critical insight, the philosophic grasp, and the distinct literary charm with which it is here told by Mr. Fiske. THE CRITICAL PERIOD OF AMERICAN HISTORY, 1783-1789. With about 170 illustrations, comprising Portraits, Maps, Facsimiles, Contemporary Views, Prints, and other Historical Materials. 8vo, $4.00; balf calf, gilt top, or balf polished morocco, $6.25. This edition follows the same lines of illustration which were adopted in the Illustrated Edition of "The American Revolution.” Nothing is done merely for decoration, and every illustration has a positive historic character and value. CAMBRIDGE BURNS. THE COMPLETE POETICAL WORKS OF ROBERT BURNS. With a Biographical and Critical Essay by W. E. HEN- LEY, Notes and Indexes to Titles and First Lines, Glossary, etc. With a fine portrait of Burns, and an engraved title-page containing a view of Burns's home. 1 vol., 8vo, gilt top, $2.00 ; half calf, gilt top, $3.50 ; tree calf, or full levant, $5.50. This edition of Burns's complete Poetical Works has been edited with the utmost care, on the same plan which has proved so acceptable in the Cambridge Editions of Longfellow, Whittier, Lowell, Holmes, and Browning. The very ample and unusually judicious equipment of Notes, furnished to the Centenary Edition of Burns by Mr. T. F. Henderson, has been incorporated, and everything has been done to render this the most complete, the most accurate, the most judiciously anno- tated, the best edited, of all the editions of Burns yet produced. THE THEOLOGY OF AN EVOLUTIONIST. By LYMAN ABBOTT, D.D., author of « Evolution and Christianity,” “Christianity and Social Problems," etc. 16mo, $1.25. In this riking book Dr. Abbott's object is not to convince orthodox believers that Evolution is true, but to convince believers that they need not give up their Christian faith because they have become evolutionists. THE WESTWARD MOVEMENT. The Colonies and the Republic West of the Alleghanies, 1763–1798. With full Cartographical Illustrations from Contemporary Sources. By Justin WINSOR. 8vo, gilt top, $4.00. This volume completes the story begun by Dr. Winsor in “Cartier to Frontenac" (1534-1700), and continued in "The Mississippi Basin” (1697-1763), illustrating American History in its Geographical Relations from the time of Columbus to the beginning of this century. The three volumes are eloquent witnesses to Dr. Winsor's tireless research; they are very rich in old maps ; and they form a repository of historic material of great and permanent value. SEVEN PUZZLING BIBLE BOOKS. A Supplement to “Who Wrote the Bible ?” By WASHINGTON GLADDEN, D.D., author of “ Applied Christianity,” « Tools and the Man," “ The Lord's Prayer,” etc. 16mo, $1.25. Familiar and very luminous lectures on certain books of the Bible which in various ways puzzle their readers — Judges, Esther, Job, Ecclesiastes, The Song of Songs, Daniel, and Jonah. INEQUALITY AND PROGRESS. By GEORGE HARRIS, D.D., author of « Moral Evolu- tion." 16mo, $1.25. Dr. Harris sustains with great force the thesis that inequal- ity is an indispensable condition of human progress. 'Mr. Bellamy's “ Equality” is inferentially, and to some extent directly, criticised. BEING A BOY. By CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER. Holiday Edition. With an Introduction and 32 full-page illustrations from photographs by CLIFTON JOHNson. 12mo, gilt top, $2.00. Mr. Warner's charming book is supplemented with many capital pictures of rural boy-life. THE STORY OF JESUS CHRIST: An Interpretation. By ELIZABETH STUART PHELPs, author of “ A Singular Life,” « Chapters from a Life," "The Gates Ajar," etc. With many illustrations selected from the works of modern masters. Crown 8vo, $2.00. Mrs. Ward has had in her heart for many years one purpose, which at last is in this book accomplished. By heredity, by environment, by training, by study, and by consecration, she is pecaliarly fitted to illumine the central figure in history. And her “Story of Jesus Christ," written with the fullest consent and power of her intellect and soul, promises to be her greatest work and one of the most notable books of our time. 66 EVANGELINE. By HENRY W. LONGFELLOW. New Holiday Edition. With an introduction by Miss Alice M. Longfellow, 10 full-page illustrations in color and 12 head and tail pieces, by Violet Oakley and Jessie Wilcox Smith, pupils of Howard Pyle. 8vo, handsomely bound, $2.00. GONDOLA DAYS. By F. HOPKINSON SMITH, author of “ Tom Grogan,” “Colonel Carter of Cartersville," "A Day at La- guerre's," ," « A White Umbrella in Mexico," etc. With illustrations by the author. 12mo, $1.50. Those who are familiar with Mr. Smith's writings will need no assurance of the freshness, vigor, picturesqueness, and charm of this book on Venice. Several illustrations by the author add to its value and attraction. For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent postpaid, upon receipt of price, by the Publishers, HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., Boston. 262 [Nov. 1, THE DIAL PRIZE WINNERS. Important New Books. 9 We have been publishing each year as a holiday gift a book of merit and beauty, surpassing anything ever offered for the purpose by others. Of these books, " Titus " and " The Wrestler of Philippi" are too well known to need comment. Desiring to secure an exceptionally choice book for this year, we published an offer to writers of $1000 for the best book that should be submitted to us. In response two hundred and sixty-three manuscripts were received. From these " The Days of Mohammed” was selected by the judges as being the best. $1000 PRIZE STORY. The Days of Mohammed. By ANNA MAY Wilson. Yusuf, a Persian, of the Guebre, or fire-worshipping sect, has, at his first sacrifice of a human life, revolted against the horror of his religion. He conceives a vague idea of a different God, his whole soul calls out for light in his darkness, and he decides to leave Persia in search of Truth. In his travels he hears of the famous Caaba, or temple, at Mecca, and, in the hope that he may find what he seeks, be sets out for that city. There be meets that strangest char- acter of ancient or mediæval times, Mohammed. In "The Days of Mohammed” the author attempts to show the manner and result of the priest's quest, and endeavors to exemplify, in the career of Yusuf and that of his contem- poraries, the change which the realization of a companionship with God brings into each life. The scene of the story is confined almost entirely to Arabia, and the plot is based upon the early Mohammedan war, in which, for the first time, was raised the cry, "The sword of God and the prophet!” — that dread cry which has been re- echoed through the centuries, and has, in our own time, been brought home with such heart-piercing force to all who have looked upon the terrible atrocities but lately committed in Armenia. Titus: A COMRADE OF THE CROSS. By FLORENCE M. KINGSLEY. A tale of the Christ. 96 pages. Over 900,000 copies sold. IF I WERE GOD. By RICHARD LE GALLIENNE, author of "The Religion of a Literary Man,” “Prose Fancies," etc. One vol., printed at the Merrymount Press in red and black on deckel-edge laid paper, 12mo, 50 cents. A bold yet reverent discussion of the problem of evil and suffering in the world. MEN I HAVE KNOWN. By the Very Rev. F. W. FARRAR, D.D., Dean of Canter- bury. Illustrated with numerous facsimile Letters and Portraits. 12mo, cloth, gilt top, $1.75. The student of contemporary literature will find the volume invaluable in giving aid to a clear appreciation of the best writers of the day, PERSONAL FRIENDSHIPS OF JESUS. By the Rev. J. R. MILLER, D.D. Cloth, gilt top, $1.00; parti-cloth, gilt top, $1.00. Written with reverence and sympathy. A distinct addi- tion to the immense literature which clusters around the name of Christ. THE KING OF THE PARK. By MARSHALL SAUNDERS, author of “ Beautiful Joe." Illustrated. 8vo, cloth, $1.25. Full of fresh, charming life and breezy nature, this delight- ful story will do great good in calling renewed attention to the duty we owe to dumb animals. WHAT IS WORTH WHILE. By Anna ROBERTSON BROWN, Ph.D. Fine Edition. Printed at the Merrymount Press from new plates, in red and black, on deckel-edge laid paper, with spe- cially designed title-page, initial letter, and cover design. 12mo, boards, gilt top, 60 cents ; full leather, ; gilt top, $1.00. The phenomenal success of this address, now in the 75th thousand, has justified putting it into this artistic and beauti- ful edition, which will be a delight to the eye as well as a treasure for the mind and heart. The Wrestler of Philippi. A tale of the times of the Acts and Epistles. A story of the first followers of Jesus. By FANNIE E. NEWBERRY. 112 pages, illustrated. Sales over 300,000 copies. Ten Nights in a Bar-Room. For sale by Booksellers. Sent, postpaid, on receipt of price by the Publishers. Send for illustrated catalogue. THOMAS Y. CROWELL & CO., New York and Boston. By T. S. ARTHUR. A new and handsome edition of the most popular Temper- ance Story every written. 96 pages. These are the most profitable and best selling books now on the market. PRICES. Either of the above by mail, postpaid, at the following rates per single copy: Pamphlet Editions, enameled covers, embellished in colors, 5 cents per copy. Cloth Editions, library binding, heavy cloth covers, 20 cents per copy. To the wholesale and retail trade large discounts will be given. Write for particulars. DAVID C. COOK PUBLISHING CO., 36 Washington St., CHICAGO. The Trade Supplied by THE AMERICAN News COMPANY and its branches. WHIDDEN'S (Especially Natural History) Scarce and Miscellaneous Books. BOOKS. Best Books, and for Everybody. THERE ARE EIGHT ISSUED, AND ONLY FIFTY CTS. EACH. KNOBEL'S ILLUSTRATED GUIDES IN NATURAL HISTORY. TREES AND SHRUBS. FERNS AND EVERGREENS. BUTTERFLIES. BEETLES. NIGHT MOTHS. FRESH-WATER FISHES. TURTLES, SNAKES, FROGS, ETC. MOSQUITOES AND FLIES. Truly the Most Simple and Best. IT Al all Bookstores everywhere. Send for Catalogues. All sorts of Natural History Books. Of all Booksellers or sent by Bradlee Whidden, Publisher, 18 Arch St., Boston. THE PATHFINDER - the national news review for BUSY PROPLE Condensed, classified, comprehensive, non partisan, clean. Gires facts, not opinions. 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LONDON: IM- PRINTED BY FELIX KYNGSTON, FOR WIL- LIAM WELBY, DWELLING AT THE SIGN OF THE SWAN, IN PAUL'S CHURCH-YARD, 1612. Musical and Dramatic Art, HANDEL HALL, CHICAGO, Offers superior advantages to Students desiring instruction in Music, Oratory, or the Drama. PRICE 25 CENTS $3.00 A YEAR Published by Mr. Kelso has just published a new work, in two books, treating of the Pedals, their relation to natural movements and to the science of acous- tics. Signs are employed to indicate the exact movements of the wrist used in executing each illustration. They contain many original chap- ters on subjects not beretofore formulated for teaching purposes. For sale at the School. GEORGE P HUMPHREY ROCHESTER NY Climate Cure of NEW MEXICO LA PORTE CARRIAGE CO., LA PORTE, INDIANA. Manufacturers of FINE VEHICLES & SLEIGHS. Excellence of style and thorough workmanship guaranteed. A FULL LINE OF TRAPS. Write for Catalogue. MOUNTAIN AND SEA SHORE SUMMER RESORTS. and ARIZONA. 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Send for Our Complete Catalogue of New and Recent Publications. RAND, MCNALLY & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, CHICAGO AND NEW YORK. THE DLAL PRESS, CHICAGO. THE DIAL A SEMI- MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. 10 cts. a copy. EDITED BY FRANCIS F. BROWNE. Volume XXIII. No. 274. CHICAGO, NOV. 16, 1897. 315 WABASH AVE. $2. a year. | Opposite Auditorium. { SCRIBNERS' NEWEST BOOKS. OLD CREOLE DAYS. By GEORGE W. CABLE. With 8 full-page Illustrations and 14 head and tail pieces by ALBERT HERTER, all reproduced in photogravure, and with an original cover design by the same artist. 8vo, $6.00. A few copies still left of the Special Limited Edition on Japan paper. Each $12.00 net. This edition of Mr. Cable's masterpiece is a most remarkable achievement. Mr. Herter's illustrations, while charmingly in key with the stories, are exquisite in their firmness, grace, and feeling. Indeed, they have probably never been equalled in these qualities by any American illustrator. The volume, with its wide margins, fine paper, and beautiful printing, really marks an epoch in the art of bookmaking on this side of the water, and forms an ideal gift-book. It is as unique in its mechanical perfection as the stories themselves are in our literature. THE FIRST CHRISTMAS TREE. By HENRY VAN DYKE. With full-page illustrations by HowARD PYLE, reproduced in photogravure, decorative borders, illuminated title, and a striking cover design. 8vo, $1.50. Dr. Van Dyke is here in his happiest vein, for his keen feeling for nature and his deep religious sense have combined to render this story, dealing as it does with the transition to Christianity from primitive savagery, vivid and moving in the extreme. The illustrations by Mr. Ho Pyle are noteworthy examples of that artist's sterling and satisfactory work. THIS COUNTRY OF OURS. BY BENJAMIN HARRISON, Ex-President of the United States. 12mo, $1.50. “The purpose of the book is to give a better knowoledge of things that have been too near and familiar to be well known. I hope it may also tend to promote an intelligent patriotism and a faithful discharge of the duties of citizenship.”. "- AUTHOR'S PREFACE. CONTENTS: The Constitution – The Congress — The President - The State Department - The Treasury Department - Departments of War and Justice - The Post Office Department - The Navy Department - Departments of the Interior and Agriculture - Independent Boards and Commissions - The Judiciary. “Nowhere could there be found a volume better adapted to popular use than this compendium of one of the wisest of our Presidents.” - New York Tribune. SONG BIRDS AND WATERFOWL. TWO VOLUMES IN THE CAMEO EDITION. By H. E. PARKHURST. With 18 full-page illustrations by BY HENRY VAN DYKE. Louis Agassiz Fuertes. 12mo, $1.50 net. Each with frontispiece etching, attractively bound in green The author has already shown in his “Bird's Calendar" that the and gold, 16mo. $1.25. amateur ornithologist need not go far afield to pursue his study of Little Rivers. With an etched frontispiece by Gustav MERCIER. our birds. In the present volume he tells of the land and water birds “ His river scenes rise before the eye as he draws them. He quotes easily found, and his pleasant descriptions are charmingly supple- mented by Mr. Fuertes' illustrations, which are fresh evidences of pleasantly, he knows the power of association, his philosophy is this artist's great ability. gentle. His book is thoroughly sentimental in a good sense of the word." - Saturday Review. THE STEVENSON SONG BOOK. The Poetry of Tennyson. With an etched portrait by GUSTAV MERCIER. EDMUND CLARENCE STEDMAN has declared of this work: STEVENSON, with music by various composers. (A com- “No truer and more sympathetic analysis has yet been made of our greatest living poet. In the present edition the author has added panion volume to the “Field de Koven Song Book” an introduction and a thoughtful essay on " In Memoriam." published last year.) Large 8vo, $2.00. A handsome volume containing twenty of Stevenson's most lyrical MRS. KNOLLYS, AND OTHER STORIES. songs, set to music by such composers as Reginald de Koven, Dr. C. By F. J. STIMSON ("J. S. of Dale”). Author of “Guern- Villiers Stanford, W. W. Gilchrist, Homer N. Bartlett, C. B. Hawley, Ar