thur Foote, and C. W. Chadwick.
dale,' ***First Harvests," " King Noanett," etc. 12mo,
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Fifth edition, Nancy Noon. 12mo, $1.50.
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AMERICAN NOBILITY.
A Romance in Transit. By FRANCIS LYNDE. 16mo,
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who knows from the inside all the conditions whereof he writes.
“ "
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266
(Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
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1897.]
267
THE DIAL
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Sold by all Booksellers, or will be sent, postpaid, on receipt of price, by
LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO., Publishers, 91-93 Fifth Ave., New York.


268
(Nov. 16, 1897.
THE DIAL
The Macmillan Company's New Books.
THE LIFE OF ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON. By His Son.
Two Volumes. Cloth, $10.00 net.
THE FIRST EDITION WAS PUBLISHED THE SECOND EDITION WAS PUBLISHED
THE THIRD EDITION WILL BE READY
OCTOBER 12.
OCTOBER 23.
NOVEMBER 10.
This, the most famous biography since "Two salient points strike the reader “The chief worth of the book, of
Lockhart's Life of Scott, comprises of this memoir. One is that it is uni- course, is its minute and illuminating
many hitherto unpublished poems, let. formly fascinating, so rich in anecdote portrayal of Tennyson himself. Its
and marginalia as to
Postponed from ters, and the personal
*Uniformly fas-
value is only less
“ Minute and Illu- for the glimpses it
recollections of old
hold the attention
October 6,
friends, such as Pro-
cinating."- The
minating."
with the power of a
The
Tribune (N. Y.). novel. In the next
fessor Tyndall, Mr. Aubrey de Vere,
affords of other
Evening Transcript
men of his time.
Lord Selborne, Mr. Lecky, F. T. Pal- place it has been put together
with con-
(Boston, Mass.).
Both make it e
grave, etc. The portraits and views summate tact, if not with academic art. biography that is likely to be more than
illustrating it are uncommonly good.
It is faultless in its dignity." the book of one year, or of two."
“Easily the biography, not only of the year, but of the decade."- The New York Times.
BIOGRAPHIES OF UNUSUAL INTEREST.
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The
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by young people.
SINGING VERSES FOR CHILDREN.
With Music and Illustrations in Color. Verses by LYDIA AVERY COONLEY. Illustrations and Colored Borders by ALICE
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Send for the New Illustrated Christmas Catalogue, issued by
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THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGB
. 269
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. 270
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THE DIAL (founded in 1880 ) is published on the 1st and 16th of
cach month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage A NEW IDEAL IN AMERICAN FICTION.
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on application. All communications should be addressed to
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THE DIAL, 315 Wabash Ave., Chicago.
last decade is to be chronicled as presenting
No. 274. NOVEMBER 16, 1897. Vol. XXIII. almost a contrast to that of the decade preced-
ing it, — and this even more in the radical
CONTENTS.
matters of spirit and choice of subject than in
the matter of art.
A NEW IDEAL IN AMERICAN FICTION.
In the eighties, the American ideal of fiction
Margaret Steele Anderson
was summed up in the magical and much-
TEACHING ENGLISH FOR A LIVELIHOOD.
abused word “realism," - by which was meant,
George Beardsley .
sometimes the analysis of character, sometimes
COMMUNICATIONS
272
the delicate and subtle setting forth of episode,
Crerar Library and the wishes of its Founder. G. H.
Professor Fiske and Francis Bacon. T. S. E. Dizon.
and sometimes the portrayal of life as it ap-
INSPIRATION. (Poem.) Charlotte Mellen Packard . 273
pears on the surface, with only floating hints
as to its great undercurrents of motive and
THE LETTERS OF ELIZABETH BARRETT
BROWNING. Louis J. Block.
passion. It was generally thought that “in
274
some way or other, the stories had all been
FRANCE PREPARING FOR THE REVOLUTION.
James Westfall Thompson
277
told"; and it was thought, too, that the history
of a soul, to be artistically rendered, should
THE SCHOLAR AND THE STATE. John J. Halsey 279
be written as by one who stood without and
NIPPUR, AND ITS OLD BRICKS. Ira M. Price · 281 guessed, rather than as by one who stood within
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne
282 and knew. Life, it was argued, has such and
Stevenson's St. Ives. - Caine's The Christian.
Yeats's The Chevalier d'Auriac.-Magnay's The Fall
such an appearance — therefore, paint it so,
of a Star.- Fletcher's In the Days of Drake.- Thor
and leave the picture to be interpreted as it
burn's His Majesty's Greatest Subject.-Howells's An may be; in like manner, the greater passions
Open-Eyed Conspiracy.-Harte's Three Partners.
Church's John Marmaduke.- Dole's The Stand-By.
and emotions are generally hidden under a
- Crawford's Corleone.- Ford's The Story of an Un- mask of conventionality, and the artist should
told Love. -Gordon's Pontiac, Chief of the Ottawas.- show the mask, letting the secret things be
Miss Watson's Beyond the City Gates.- Altsheler's
A Soldier of Manhattan.-Rodney's In Buff and Blue.
guessed at.
- Hotchkiss's A Colonial Free Lance.- Mitchell's That this ideal has been followed by some
Hugh Wynne, Free Quaker.-Rivers's Captain Shays.
- Barnes's A Loyal Traitor.- Read's Bolanyo.-
of our rarest talent, and that the work it
Chatfield-Taylor's The Vice of Fools.- Larned's Ar
necessitated was often of great artistic beauty,
nand's Masterpiece.-
Horton's Constantine. -Hale's is not to be denied; and we remember, also,
Susan's Escort and Others.- Johnston's Old Times in
that its followers have at times overstepped
Middle Georgia.- Claretie's The Crime of the Boule-
vard. - Claretie's Brichanteau, Actor.
their own prescribed bounds, to deal with the
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
287 openly sublime, magnificent, or beautiful. But
Maps and sketches of the Holy Land. — New guesses
it was too limited an ideal to compel any long
at the meaning of Shakespeare. A decisive battle period of service, save from a scattered few;
of the Civil War.-The story of a vanquished people.
- A noble old English cathedral.-Hamilton Gibson's
it was not realism in the larger sense, but only
farowell volumes. - The nature-lover's calendar and a phase of it; and as a popular ideal of fiction
note-book.- Popular lectures on English archæology.
- Western New York a century ago.
(one says “popular ” with an inward surety of
contradiction) it has given way to another,
BRIEFER MENTION
290
limited itself, but of greater stature and richer
LITERARY NOTES
290 life-blood.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
291 But while the fiction of the former ideal
.
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270
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
gave us life highly individualized, and falls at the mystery and the greatness of life, the
therefore into the realm of realistic art, the adjective is well applied. There has been such
fiction of the present day does not belong en- a revival, the second in our century, and it has
tirely to the realm of ideal art; it strives, indeed, struck out two broad avenues of expression
to give “ life essential,” but it would also pre- the one, fiction; the other, the historical essay.
sent the individual life. It differs from the Our interest in our own history, in the splendid
other insomuch as its tendency is toward the makings of our nation, in those stirring scenes
typical rather than the single; insomuch as it of which our near fathers were the protagonists,
is apt to show the growth of a soul rather than is as much a part of this romanticism as our
to analyze a given character ; insomuch as it most romantic fiction — which, indeed, is fath-
chooses, not the commonplace, in which realism ered by historical research. And the argument
found its best material, but the high, the heroic, from all this is greatly in our favor. Despite the
the confessedly great or tragic or pathetic ele- mock-heroics and sentimentalities which are
ments of human life. We are reading — as foisted on us in its name, despite the invitation
in “ Hugh Wynne" — stories of the Revolu- which it extends to a lower order of talent, to
tion, where, not so many years ago, we read a weak or flamboyant art, it is a movement
analyses of modern society; we are reading which“ means intensely and means good."
as in the work of Mr. Gilbert Parker and Mrs. When it takes the form of history, it signifies
Catherwood — of men who, in peril and daring a deepening of our national consciousness and
and conquest, renew for us the youth of our a desire to be worthy of the courage from which
race; we are reading — as in “ The Choir we sprang; when it takes the form of fiction,
Invisible”-of great spirits, fighting their way it is a sign that we are thinking of the majestic
upward to peace through the hardships and proportions of humanity, of the nobler possi-
mistakes of earth.
bilities of our nature. It is well for us, both
We speak of this fiction as belonging to the as public and as individuals, to have a day of
present decade ; but immediately comes the such great things ; their effect upon us is, in
correction that the new note was at least set some measure, the effect of the sublime epics
vibrating in the latter part of the eighties, by of the world, - of the beautiful sculpture and
such pieces of fiction as “ Marse Chan,” “ The painting and architecture and music, under the
White Cowl," and " The Romance of Dollard,” spell of which our pettiness falls away from us
- stories that seized upon naked pathos, pas- like a garment, and we are raptured by the
sion, and splendor, and presented them with no glory of life. This new fiction has faults and
affectation of indifference. But these and a shortcomings, but at its best it can stir the
few like them were only the heralds of the blood, it can rouse the larger emotions, it can
changed order. At this time American fiction cheer the soul. For it is based on this truth :
is almost entirely occupied with the heroic that, though our more ordinary affairs may
affairs of life with bold self-sacrifices, with furnish a great part of the gamut of tragedy
magnificent fidelities, with the signal passions and comedy, the things which appeal to all
of love and hate and war, with man's sin and men as great or brave or lovely or pathetic are
penitence and expiation. Even our short also, and as deeply, the verities of our existence.
stories deal with these high matters; and the
MARGARET STEELE ANDERSON.
writer who has won the most immediate
popu.
larity of his day, and has set a style for the
emulation of others, is a young man who dared
to take a youth of New York fashion-dom, put
TEACHING ENGLISH FOR A LIVE-
a forsaken child in his arms, and send him out
LIHOOD.
at midnight to deliver a speech of quiet but
intense appeal to the child's unloving father.
One factor in the recent notable and somewhat
The public — critical and uncritical, sensitive unwieldy development of the English Department
and dull — was ready at that very time for such
in our American universities has been, probably, the
necessity for a livelihood for college men. The
expressions of feeling ; so ready that it would
field was attractive, but offered accommodations for
accept even sentimentalities from one who had
few. The influx of settlers necessitated the staking
proved his power over genuine emotion.
of new claims. English teachers in ten years have
That this fiction should be considered “ro- multiplied like a Klondike census; English courses
mantic” is not at all strange; and if by like mining enterprises in Alaska. Prospecting has
“ romanticism” is meant the revival of wonder crossed all bounds and got clear out of touch from


1897.]
271
THE DIAL
reason and tradition. Under the name of English tics to fill out the time. The result always, by a
go on all manner of destructive practices, and soon kind of Gresham's Law, is that the technical drives
we shall not recognize our classics under the rubbish- out the æsthetic. “The Canterbury Tales ” in most
heaps of the new camps.
universities is a word-chasing course of the worst
The ranks of all professions contain those who type ; students get no notion of Chaucer's charm,
have had (as it is said in the case of the ministry) nor often any notion at all about him save that he
no “call”; who have entered where the least resist- is a great bore and a fine fellow to cut.
ance was. The English teaching profession, as The drawing out of poetical studies by drills in
everyone knows, is no exception. We can all count versification, and of prose studies by mechanical
the uncalled” of our professional acquaintance in examination of the rhetoric; the still inextinct bar-
multiples of the “called "; and if in the end we are barism of attending more to the man or to what
all found somewhere in the first list, we may wink criticism has to say of him than to the man's work,
at the joke and still be very sure that the difference one hurries over these to notice the most curious
is there with the distinction, nevertheless.
perversion of all. This is the “counting " fad. It
The new impetus given to the study a dozen years
is research work, and prevails chiefly in graduate
ago affected at first only the writing side of English. schools. A subject is chosen for investigation, say
The reforms, once started, soon ran headlong.
a certain poet's “use of color.” The student goes
From increased attention to writing we went on to
to work with notebook and pencil, rather with many
enlarge the field of literary study. Colleges that notebooks and many pencils, to get up statistics that
had employed one man to teach the entire subject will show what colors and shades the poet mentions
began to appoint instructors for particular subdi- most and least. The process is simple: all the reds,
visions of the work. Literature and linguistics were oranges, yellow, and so forth, are counted; in the
early drawn apart, the chair in the larger universities end, totals are compared, and Whittier, let us say,
Rhetoric and composition is declared to incline to green, blue, indigo, or vio-
were set off as a third chair. This line of division let, or to bright tints rather than sombre; or perhaps
complete, a new tack was taken. Literature was
Whittier makes very little or very great use of color
divided, and we got in some cases a chair of Ameri- in general. This color study is a popular one among
can Literature. This was not enough, and soon we
student specialists in English, and, sad to say, it is
saw chairs of the history of English literature and not undertaken by women alone. The men, how-
of mere literature, of Elizabethan literature and of ever, mainly attack topics seemingly less mild. A
Restoration literature, of Eighteenth Century and of poet's “ treatment of nature” is often the subject of
Nineteenth Century literature. And where separate investigation. Here, as before, we get columns of
departments were not thus created, the work of in- figures, only more of them. The counting is given
struction was distributed to assistants specially pre-
a wider scope. The animals and vegetables (even
pared in the respective subdivisions. But the end
the minerals sometimes) are listed and carefully
was not yet. Each teacher must offer many courses.
Assorted, the wild species being separated from the
Periods were subdivided indefinitely, and individual domestic. Again, a poet's use of figures of speech
authors began to receive microscopic attention. is the subject. A friend spent the whole of last
Entire courses in a single writer became the vogue,
winter counting the metaphors and similes, and cases
and almost any literary figure, irrespective of his of personification and Natur-beseelung in Keats,
importance, was put down in one announcement or with the view of determining if there were more of
another as the subject of a semester's work. So
one than of another. Other friends in other universi-
minute is this subdivision of the subject at last, that
ties are spending best years counting - Browning!
twenty representative American universities average
Wordsworth’s employment of the pathetic fallacy
twenty courses each. Some offer fifty courses and
has been reduced to a mathematical statement, and
have half as many instructors.*
no great poet is permitted to rest in peace. The
This multitude of courses in English that has
“cahtter about Shelley” has been succeeded by a
come to string out our university catalogues, to allure very perfect analysis and census in detail of Shel-
the "snap"-seeking student, and to keep busy a
ley's poetical anatomy. And this sort of thing is
surplusage of instructors, is in itself evidence that spreading. If we could overhear it, there is in too
something has overreached itself. For the most many colleges the statistical and the chemical talk
part, the abuses resulting from the attempt to make
about books; and even in high-schools one may bear
too much of one author are so familiar as to require to a fine point of Spenser's greens and Tennyson's
only passing reference. To this class belongs the
grays, till one knows not but he has got into a dye-
sort of course that attempts to blend literary with
house by mistake.
philological study, with the invariable result that the “ There is a way of killing truth by truths : under
literary is swamped by the philological from the the pretense that we want to study it more in detail,
start. A favorite victim for this sacrifice is Chaucer.
we pulverize the statue." Amiel might almost have
If as much as twelve weeks be allotted to this poet
had some of the current methods in English imme-
in a reading course, one is obliged to resort to linguis- diately in mind. The pretense is usually present in
these labored studies. The color census finds its
See "English in American Universities."
origin and a modicum of justification in the desire
97


272
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
we
to verify or correct, for example, a quite general
COMMUNICATIONS.
impression that Shelley employs many blues and
skyey effects, or Swinburne sea effects and greens. THE CRERAR LIBRARY AND THE WISHES
But it has yet to be announced if such efforts have
OF ITS FOUNDER.
brought to light any worthy facts unapparent to
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
observing readers on the surface. The effect of the I knew the late Jobn Crerar well, and I think the
October meadow yonder is brown: you need not point made by T.V.V. in his letter printed in your last
count me the brown spears of grass to prove it; the issue is properly taken. It seems to me that the use of
driving wind and the flakes in the face are proof the Crerar Bequest for the formation of an “exclusively
enough of the blizzard : you may spare to measure
scientific library" is a violation of a sacred memorial
us the snow-drifts. To be sure, there is one ex-
trust.
When I first knew Mr. Crerar he was the president
tremely practical final cause of the counting, namely,
of a Library Association in New York City, and I was
the making of a thesis and the achievement of an
an assistant in the library. Some years after, when I
advanced degree. If “ Paradise Lost” is taken
had become the librarian of another institution, whose
apart beyond possibility of ever being put together library had been formed by me, he called upon me and
again, yea, and ground up past recognition into very was much interested in my work and plans. He was a
powder, there is at least this to show for it: the reticent man, and he told me nothing of his intentions,
particles make quite effective ammunition for the but I somehow formed a notion that he intended to found
loading of masters' and doctors' theses. The papers
a great library, and I felt at the time that I should like,
on Milton that look like census tables
above all things, to be in a library of which he was the
strike us
may
as doubtful reading, but we may
be
founder. We talked, among other matters, at this last
very sure they
are all “ good stuff” for degrees. Aside from this
, meeting that I had with him, of the relative importance
of history and literature and of science as means of the
there is no excuse for much that is done in the name
highest culture and of human improvement. I remem-
of English. It is scholasticism pure and simple; it ber showing him some opinions of eminent men in regard
is the attempt to make something out of nothing. to the subject of our conversation. Dr. Samuel Johnson
The fact is, many American universities, perhaps was one of these writers in whose views Mr. Crerar was
American universities as a class, are trying to get particularly interested.
too much out of literature. “Well,” one says,
It is extraordinary that a sacred public trust, like that
are only trying to get out of it what there is in it.' founded by John Crerar, established, or intended by him
to be established, for a specified beneficent purpose, to
But it is hard to believe that we get so much more
benefit a certain community, can be used for a purpose
out of English literature than the English universi-
widely different from that clearly set forth in the testa-
ties themselves, and the Scottish and the Irish.
tor's will and in conversations with his friends. Books
Professor Dowden is thought to be enough to teach relating to engineering, chemistry, medical science, and
all the English at Dublin, Professor Gollancz at all useful arts, would properly form part of a great
Cambridge, Saintsbury at Edinburgh, Bradley at library such as the Crerar Library was designed to be ;
Glasgow, Andrew Lang at Aberdeen. And, an ex- but Mr. Crerar was strenuously desirous that his library
ception in this country, Professor Corson continues should be composed largely, if not mainly, of books re-
to constitute a pretty good department by himself lating to religious and moral subjects,
the literature and
at Cornell. These are all men of proved literary
history of all nations, with “examples that embody truth
ability of actual literary achievement. English teach-
and prove by events the reasonableness of opinions."
Human life and the formation of character were matters
ing should stimulate to production. The method,
of far more importance, in Mr. Crerar's judgment, than
if method there must be, should cry with Carlyle, the history of plants and animals,-though incidentally
Produce! produce! in God's name, produce! By these might be proper objects of interest, but only in a
the British plan, immediate contact with a successful very subordinate degree to the study of human history
man of letters insures this stimulation. Professor and of literature.
Saintsbury passing the examination hour working It is deplorable that boards of trustees, at their pleas-
on his next book is an object-lesson that teaches as
ure or discretion, can violate the terms of beneficent
no “ method” has ever taught.
public trusts. The Crerar Library of Chicago and the
English Literature, above all the other Humani-
Lenox Library of New York are conspicuous instances of
such violations; and the communities most concerned
ties, is a subject that demands the services of the should have the power to prevent such misuse of funds
illuminated man of Thomas à Kempis, as against generously bequeathed for specific and wise purposes.
those of the learned and studious scholar. Ten of
G. H.
the latter will not cover the lack of the one. We New York, November 2, 1897.
have gone too far in our so-called “modern” En
glish teaching, and it will be well when we reverse PROFESSOR FISKE AND FRANCIS BACON.
the lover and allow play to a healthy reaction that
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
will reduce the number while scrutinizing the fitness Professor John Fiske, in an interesting article in the
of both courses and men.
November “Atlantic,” opens his discussion of the Bacon-
GEORGE BEARDSLEY.
Shakespeare question with the “knock-down" argument
that the whole matter is “ the silliest mare's nest ever
An apter reply, to be sure, than that of another assiduous devised by human dulness." But in the zeal of his
counter: We must do something !
contest with this “ windmill,” he goes further, and assails


1897.]
273
THE DIAL
Bacon directly, both in regard to his abilities and his “The immediate cause of the phenomenon of heat, then, is
services in the cause of science. He pronounces Bacon motion; and the laws of its communication are precisely the
“ one of the most overrated men of modern times,”
same as the laws of the communication of motion." This
deprecates the current opinion that he "inaugurated a
in modern language is equivalent to the statement that heat is
most beneficial revolution in the aims and methods of
kinetic energy ; not evidently of the mass, since the hot body
may be at rest; but of the molecules. We know that one
scientific inquiry," and places him “among intellects of
of the ways in which a hot body cools is by transferring its
the second order." He cites Whewell and Mr. Jevons
energy to another and a colder body not in contact with it;
as bis authorities for this conclusion.
and we shall study later the mechanism of this radiating pro-
In my “ Francis Bacon and his Shakespeare " (1895), cess. One thing about it is certain, however, and that is that
the original inquiry, in its deeper significance, broadens it consists in a motion of the intervening medium. The hot
out into the vastly more important subject of the develop-
body communicates motion to the medium, and the cold body
ment of the Baconian spirit in Literature and Art. In
receives motion from this medium. We conclude, therefore,
outlining the essential antagonism and the struggle
that the surface of a hot body must be in motion; and because
between the Platonic and the Baconian spirit – tending
radiation may take place as well from the interior of a body
as from its exterior, we also conclude that the body must be
also to a clearer comprehension of Bacon's services to
in motion throughout its entire mass. This view of the case
mankind,- I touch upon the point now in question ; and, is in entire accord with the kinetic theory of matter already
in defense of Bacon, it is perhaps permissible to quote discussed, which supposes the molecules of matter to be
here the following passage, which seems pertinent: actively in motion. The motion to which heat energy is due
"And finally, he put this Induction to a crucial test, in the
must therefore be a motion of parts too small to be observed
discovery of the then unknown nature of Heat, - a discovery
separately; the motions of different parts at the same instant
so true, so far in advance of his age, that it has given rise to
must be in different directions; and the motion of any one
one of the profound misconceptions regarding Bacon which
part must, at least in solid bodies, be such that however fast
this generation has inherited. Some of us doubtless remember
it moves it never reaches a sensible distance from the point
studying in our youth Professor Comstock's 'Natural Philos-
from which it started. (Maxwell.)'
ophy,' where we were taught that 'Heat is an imponderable
As we carefully compare the foregoing statements, we can
substance called caloric.' And while the scientific world was
hardly realize that the one is a conclusion put forth three
under thesway of such a philosophy, Bacon's conclusion could
centuries ago, when there were comparatively no science or
only be regarded as visionary and preposterous. Whewell, in
scientific instruments, and wrought out from the necessarily
his 'Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences,' (1840), says:
crude observations of the unaided senses; and that the other
" . But we cannot be surprised, that in attempting to exem-
is the expression of the latest conclusion of science, the pro-
plify the method which he recommended, he should have
duct of a century of special research, conducted with the
failed. For the method could be exemplified only by some
most delicate instruments, and by the brightest men of the
important discovery in physical science; and great discoveries,
time."
even with the most perfect methods, do not come at command. In 1874, Mr. W. Stanley Jevons, in the same para-
... Accordingly, Bacon's 'Inquisition into the Nature of graph from which Professor Fiske quotes, also wrote:
Heat,' which is given in the Second Book of the ‘Novum
“Francis Bacon held that science should be founded on ex-
Organum' as an example of the mode of interrogating na-
perience, but he mistook the true mode of using experience,
ture, cannot be looked upon otherwise than as a complete
and in attempting to apply his method ludicrously failed.”
failure.'
“Devey and Spedding, editors of Bacon's works, take the
ho whom Bacon's scientific reputation was “completely ex-
Such was the discriminating power of the writer by
same view. And as late as 1886, Richard A. Proctor, the
eminent astronomer, accepting the traditional opinion, in a ploded.” Indeed, it is doubtful if Professor Fiske can
letter published in the Arena' of Nov., 1893, speaks of Bacon cite a single adverse critic who has even suspected that
as 'failing egregiously in his attempt on the sole detail to Bacon's own avowed test of his Induction was other than
which he applied his own method.'
a “complete," " egregious” and “ludicrous” failure.
“But was it an egregious failure ? Turning to his 'Novum
Organum,' we find that Bacon, at the end of his orderly In-
Limits forbid a discussion of the oft mooted question of
duction, arrives at this conclusion :
the precise range and extent of Bacon's services to sci-
“From a survey of the instances, all and each, the nature
ence; but it is apparent, from the foregoing, that his
of which heat is a particular case, appears to be Motion. .
intellectual powers, instead of being "overrated,” have,
When I say of Motion that it is the genus of which heat is a in reality, been appreciably undervalued, and that
species, I would be understood to mean, not that heat gener- Macaulay's estimate, which Professor Fiske quotes
ates motion or that motion generates heat (though both are almost contemptuously, will yet continue to command
true in certain cases), but that Heat itself, its essence and quid- our respect.
THERON S. E. Dixon.
dity, is Motion and nothing else. . . . Heat is an expansive
motion, whereby a body strives to dilate and stretch itself to a
Chicago, Nov. 10, 1897.
larger sphere or dimension than it had previously occupied . .
that heat is a motion of expansion, not uniformly of the whole
body together, but in the smaller parts of it; and at the same
time checked, repelled, and beaten back, so that the body
acquires a motion alternative, perpetually quivering, striving
INSPIRATION.
and struggling, and irritated by repercussion, whence springs
the fury of fire and heat. . . . Now from this our First Vintage Song is for him who knows not whence it comes,
it follows that the Form or true definition of heat (heat, that A gift of the Immortals,— welling through
is, in relation to the universe, not simply in its relation to man)
is in few words as follows: Heat is a motion, expansive, re-
His spirit, as the rills from mountain homes
strained, and acting in its strife upon the smaller particles of
Bathe arid channels with their healing dew.
bodies.' (Bacon's italics.)
Oft the soul-country lies more desert bare,
“ Professor George F. Barker, of the University of Penn-
Thirsty and fainting, till some heavenly sign
sylvania, in his able work on Physics,' recently published,
states the present view of the nature of heat in these words :
Unlocks the currents held in darkness there
" Heat the Energy of Molecular Motion.— Is heat-energy in
And song sweeps through with cadences divine!
the kinetic or in the potential form ? Davy said in 1812:
CHARLOTTE MELLEN PACKARD.


274
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
case.
matches this collection of intimate outpourings
The New Books.
of thought and sentiment. These are letters,
indeed, written under the pressure of the mo-
THE LETTERS OF ELIZABETH BARRETT
ment, and vital with the need or purpose of the
BROWNING.*
day and hour. They cover the entire period of
Mr. Edmund Clarence Stedman, who has
her life from her young womanhood to ber
just been delighting his readers with his vol. latest years, and the editor has left them most
ume of “Poems now first Collected,” in his judiciously to tell their own tale.
“ Victorian Poets "speaks of Elizabeth Barrett
Mr. Frederic G. Kenyon has brought to his
Browning as “ the most inspired woman, so far
task qualities which, unfortunately, not all ed-
as known, of all who have composed in ancient
itors possess : a simple style, a profound sym-
or modern tongues, or flourished in any land or
pathy for his subject, an unerring capacity for
time.” Further on he quotes the well-known discerning where his explanatory introductions
passage in which she gives expression to her
and notes and paragraphs are necessary. His
feeling about poets and poetry. To her, poets share of the work deserves the praise and thanks
of the reader, and he renews the
were
rela-
generous
"The only truth-tellers now left to God;
tions in which the Kenyons have always stood
The only speakers of essential truth,
to the Brownings. One passage from his inter-
Opposed to relative, comparative,
And temporal truths."
esting and sensible preface should properly be
The significance of poetry has never received reproduced here.
finer expression ; the value of its idealizing selection and arrangement. With regard to the former
“The duties of the editor have been mainly those of
tendencies has never been more certainly task one word is necessary. It may be thought that the
insisted on.
The devotion of a lifetime to lit-
almost entire absence of bitterness (except on certain
erature could only be justified by the great political topics), of controversy, of personal ill-feeling of
good which would thereby accrue to mankind;
any kind, is due to editorial excisions. This is not the
otherwise one ran the risk of losing oneself in
The number of passages that have been removed
for fear of hurting the feelings of persons still living is
empty frivolities or vain vagaries or rhetorical
almost infinitesimal; and in these the cause of offence is
insincerities. The circumstances of her life always something inherent in the facts recorded, not in
emphasized for Mrs. Browning her deep appre- the spirit in which they are mentioned. No person had
ciation of the real meaning of a literary career.
less animosity than Mrs. Browning; it seems as though she
Shut out by long-continued ill-health from the
could bardly bring herself to speak harshly of anyone."
usual communications with the world, she was
We have here, therefore, a singularly com-
thrown back upon her own thought and the writ- plete reproduction of the life of Mrs. Browning,
ten record of the thought of others. Shielded
made by her own hand, and frequently supple-
as far as possible from every conflict which menting the utterances which we find in her
might do violence to her susceptibilities, she
poems. We follow her throughout her career,
and listen to the comments which she makes
was saved from those depressing defeats which
so often lame effort and dull enthusiasm. If upon the events into contact with which her
thus some of her evident faults suffered exag-
widening and varying experiences bring her.
geration, yet ample room was given for the free
The frail recluse is brought from her sick
development of her powers and the undimmed chamber, and it is not long before the whole
maintenance of the largeness of the work she
world reverberates in her thought and words.
felt called to do. When, later, she was brought Her interests constantly deepen and enlarge ;
into active connection with men and things, her
the realm of books releases its occupant into
mind was already matured, her art securely on
the realm of deeds; the figures, great and small,
its way, her determinations fixed.
who cross the scene, are the ones who fashion
We already have the record of some phases history as well as literature ; statesmen as well
of this unique life in poetical form ; for the
as poets, humanitarians as well as novelists.
Letters give renewed assurance to the auto-
Poetry is seen to be only great when it so
biographical character of “ Aurora Leigh.” In
touches life that it becomes the voice of large
them, however, the self-revelation has that
intents and uplifting purposes.
familiarity which belongs among friends, and it
The early years of Mrs. Browning's life were
will not be easy to find an autobiography which spent in the country amid the sights and sounds
which are so dear to the poet's heart.
THE LETTERS OF ELIZABETA BARRETT BROWNING.
Edited by Frederic G. Kenyon. In two vols. With portraits,
letter written to Mr. R. H. Horne, the author
and a view of Casa Guidi. New York: The Macmillan Co. of the epic “ Orion,” for which Edgar Allan
In a


1897.]
275
THE DIAL
Poe had so pronounced an admiration, she gives of truth itself, than the animation and energy of those
an account of these youthful days.
who seek for it. As to my being quite at my ease when
“ All this time, and indeed the greater part of my life,
I spoke to him, why, how could you ask such a question ?
I trembled both in my soul and body."
we lived at Hope End, a few miles from Malvern, in a
retirement scarcely broken to me except by books and At length her volume, “ The Seraphim and
my own thoughts; and it is a beautiful country, and was other Poems," appears. Its reception did credit
a retirement happy in many ways, although the very
to its own merits and the critics who reviewed
peace of it troubles the heart as it looks back. There I
had my fits of Pope, and Byron, and Coleridge, and read
it. The charges of obscurity, mysticism, and
Greek as hard under the trees as some of your Oxonians
affectation were brought against her, and in one
in the Bodleian; gathered visions from Plato and the of her letters to Miss Mitford is found the fol-
dramatists, and ate and drank Greek and made my head lowing allusion to them :
ache with it. Do you know the Malvern Hills ? The
“ But don't believe him - no! - don't believe even
bills of Piers Plowman's Visions ? They seem to me my
Mr. Kenyon – whenever he says that I am perversely
native bills; for, although I was born in the county of
obscure. Unfortunately obscure, not perversely that
Durbam, I was an infant when I went first into their
is quite a wrong word. And the last time be used it to
neighborhood, and lived there until I had passed twenty
me (and then, I assure you, another word still worse
by several years. Beautiful, beautiful hills they are !
was with it) I begged him to confine them for the
And yet, not for the whole world's beauty would I stand
in the sunshine and the shadow of them any more.
future to his jesting moods. Because, indeed, I am not
It
in the very least degree perverse in this fault of mine,
would be a mockery, like the taking back of a broken
which is my destiny rather than my choice, and comes
flower to its stalk."
upon me, I think, just where I would eschew it most.
The translation of this passage into elaborate
So little has perversity to do with its occurrence, that
verse may be read in “ Aurora Leigh.” She
my fear of it makes me sometimes feel quite nervous
and thought-tied in composition. ..."
studied Greek assiduously, and read the Greek
Christian Fathers with the blind scholar, Hugh her creative faculty is greatly stimulated, and
During the immediately succeeding years,
Stuart Boyd, whose friendship she commemo-
rates in her poem, “ Wine of Cyprus.” The
some of her noblest poems are produced. Her
poems published during this period were purely papers on the Greek Christian poets and En-
tentative, and received scant recognition from glish poets saw the light in the “ Athenæum.”
her in her after years.
Of her translation of
Then in 1844 came her two volumes of Poems”
the “Prometheus,” published in 1832, she says
and her place among the foremost of living
that it was written “in twelve days — and
writers was assured. Tennyson had already
should have been thrown into the fire after published the best of his earlier poems ; Brown-
wards — the only means of giving it a little ing had issued his “ Bells and Pomegranates ";
warmth." The translation to be found in her a new generation of poets had fairly won their
works is a later and more mature version.
recognition and right to be heard. Lady
In 1835 the family moved to London, and
Geraldine's Courtship” proved the popular
although the health of the poetess was at first poem in these volumes. Of it Mrs. Browning
extremely precarious, and the London atmos. says:
phere was never favorable to her physical well-
“Oh, and I think I told you, when giving you the
history of • Lady Geraldine's Courtship,' that I wrote
heing, yet the genuine career of Mrs. Browning the thirteen last pages of it in one day. I ought to have
dates from this time. Her life-long friendship said nineteen pages instead. But don't tell anybody;
with Mr. John Kenyon and Miss Mitford of only keep the circumstance in your mind when you read
it and see the faults."
“ Our Village” and “Rienzi” fame begins; her
poems appear in the magazines, her debut being It is now also that the friendship with Mrs.
made with the “ Romaunt of Margaret ” in the Jameson commences.
“New Monthly Magazine," then edited by Bul- There is little need of repeating the circum-
wer Lytton ; and she is preparing for the pub stances attendant upon the acquaintance of
lication of her first important volume. She is Robert Browning with the woman who subse-
brought into relation with the distinguished men quently took her destiny into her own hands
and women of the day. Here is her account of and became his wife. The father of Mrs.
her meeting with Wordsworth:
Browning could not, it appears, contemplate
“No! I was not at all disappointed in Wordsworth, with equanimity any separation from his chil-
although perbaps I should not have singled him from dren, and he objected as strenuously to the later
the multitude as a great man.
Tbere is a reserve even marriages of Mrs. Browning's sister and brother
in his countenance, which does not lighten as Landor's
does, whom I saw the same evening. His eyes have
as he did to her own. Mrs. Browning's health,
more meekness than brilliancy; and in his slow even
however, imperatively called for a change of
articulation there is rather the solemnity and calmness climate, and the journey to Italy proceeded,


276
[Nov. 16,
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a
and the residence in Florence began. The George Sand. The account is too long to be
change for Mrs. Browning meant everything, given entire, and we have room only for a few
release from nunlike seclusion, renewed physi- sentences. .
cal health, incomparable companionship, mix- “She received us very kindly, with hand stretched out,
ture with the great life of the world. Her
which I, with a natural emotion (I assure you), stooped
and kissed, when she said quickly, “ Mais non, je ne veux
mind and heart take on a more healthful tone;
pas," and kissed my lips. She is large for ber height -
her mysticism, while never relinquishing its not tall. . . . There is no sweetness in the face, but
elevation, becomes a deep sympathy with the great moral as well as intellectual capacities — only it
struggle for liberty which she beholds around never could have been a beautiful face, which a good deal
her; her poetry gains in breadth, in simplicity, surprised me.... She seemed to be, in fact, the man
in humanity. In the letters of this time we
in that company, and the profound respect with which
she was listened to a good deal impressed me.”
find the prose version of the “Sonnets from
This is what she says of Carlyle :
the Portuguese."
“ Carlyle, for instance, I liked infinitely more in his
It is five years before the Brownings see personality than I expected to like him, and I saw a
England again. In the meantime Casa Guidi great deal of him, for he travelled with us to Paris and
becomes a place to which visitors look with spent several evenings with us, we three together. He
eager eyes. It was there that the son was born
is one of the most interesting men I could imagine even,
who made a new light in his mother's eyes.
deeply interesting to me; and you come to understand
perfectly, when you know him, that his bitterness is only
The letters are full of accounts of guests from melancholy, and bis scorn sensibility. Highly pictur-
England, from France, from America. Mrs. esque too he is in conversation. The talk of writing men
Browning is drawn to Margaret Fuller, already
is very seldom as good."
the Countess D'Ossoli. America and the The circle of her life constantly widens and
Brownings recognized their kinship from the deepens ; the interest in the European ferment
first. Powers, Story, Ware, Hillard, Harriet
intensifies. The letters reflect it all: her burn-
Hosmer, Hawthorne, Harriet Beecher Stowe, ing sympathies with those whom she feels to be
,
belong of right to this circle.
wronged; her hopes and aspirations ; her en-
In 1851 they are back in Paris. Mr. Brown- larging intimacies. All Europe is represented :
ing's view of Louis Napoleon we have in his Lamartine, Cavour, Mazzini, D'Azeglio, De
full-length portrait of Prince Hohenstheil Musset, Kingsley, Landor, George Eliot, Rus-
“
Schwangau ”; Mrs. Browning's we know from kin, the catalogue can be indefinitely extended.
her resounding ode, “ Napoleon III. in Italy.”
As early as the publication of the volume con-
The comment of Mr. Swinburne in one of his taining “ Lady Geraldine's Courtship" she had
poems may be remembered :
been contemplating the writing of what she
“How shall the spirit be loyal
called " novel in verse." She considered the
To the shell of a spiritless thing?
“ Courtship ” an effort of that kind. At length
Erred once in only a word,
in the maturity of her powers she accomplished
The sweet great song that we heard
Poured upon Tuscany, erred,
her self-ordained task and gives to the world her
Calling a crowned man royal
“ Aurora Leigh.” With much of that book
That was no more than a King."
these letters should be read : the poetry and the
She had not as yet placed Napoleon III. on prose of her life may be set side by side ; and
the pinnacle to which she afterwards raised sometimes the latter exceeds the former.
him, but she always put a favorable construc- The last years added little to the poems pre-
tion upon his actions. Thus, she says of the viously published. The roar of our Civil Con-
.
.
flict came to her across the waters; she heard
“ For my own part I have not only more hope in the it with dismay, but hoped for the best. The
situation but more faith in the French people than is frail strand of her life had been growing thinner
ordinary among the English, who really try to exceed
and thinner ; it parted, and the end came. We
one another in discoloration and distortion of the cir-
cumstances. The government was in a dead lock gave near the beginning of this article a quota-
what was to be done? Yes, all parties cried out,
tion from “ Aurora Leigh ” relating to poetry;
• What was to be done ?' and felt that we were waist we close with another on a kindred theme taken
deep a fortnight ago in a state of crisis. In throwing from a letter to Mr. Chorley: “Art is not
back the sovereignty from a representative assembly'
which had virtually ceased to represent, into the hands
either all beauty or all use, it is essential truth
of the people, I think that Louis Napoleon did well.
which makes its way through beauty into use.
The talk about military despotism' is absolute non- It was in the light of this conception that the
sense.”
days of Elizabeth Barrett Browning were passed,
Here is an account of her meeting with and that her work was done.
a
coup d'êtat:


1897.]
277
THE DIAL
.
The publishers as well as the editor are to be to the central government for its mechanical
congratulated on these notable volumes ; in the direction, with the result that local life was
matter of illustration and general make-up they stifled. The third estate bore almost the whole
have done their share in alluring the reader and expense of the government. Direct taxes were
holding him bound with a legitimate fascination. levied, but the wealthy and noble evaded them.
LOUIS J. BLOCK. The taille, a direct tax, fell upon the masses of
the people. Both clergy and nobles evaded the
capitation tax, which was permanent after 1701.
The most hated indirect tax was that upon
salt.
FRANCE PREPARING FOR THE
Certain others, like the corvée, did not involve
REVOLUTION.*
the privileged classes. The system of collec-
The most striking fact in the history of tion was the old and detestable Roman system
France in the eighteenth century is the antag- of farming the taxes. In spite of the great
onism that existed between the institutions of effort at codification during the reign of Louis
the Ancient Régime and new ideas ; although XIV., the variety of law was very great. The
nothing was essentially changed from 1715 to mediæval distinction between the written or
1789. The crown owed its force not to any Roman Law and customary law still prevailed.
constitution or contract with the nation, but to The penal code was very rigorous, the procedure
the survival of Roman ideas and a long series complicated and costly; individual liberty was
;
of encroachments. It was absolute in law, continually menaced by arbitrary imprison-
.
though practically hampered by privilege and ment. The social inequality, probably inevita-
castom. The administrative confusion was ble with every highly civilized people, in France
prodigious, the administrative organization was excessive. The privileged classes were the
being derived from three different sources : the clergy and the nobility. The clergy were pos-
feudal epoch, of which a heterogeneous array
sessed of immense wealth, and its high repre-
of institutions remained; the fifteenth and sentatives, archbishops and bishops, were veri- .
sixteenth centuries, in which period the great table princes in the cloth. On the other hand,
offices were created; the seventeenth century, the lesser clergy, like the country curés, were
which saw the formation of a vast bureau extremely miserable ; and it is not surprising
.
cracy of ministers and agents. These three that the Revolution enjoyed the support of this
régimes, instead of succeeding each other, had class. The nobles were second only to the clergy
been superimposed. As a result, the system in point of wealth, and surpassed them in the
was a complex crisscross of conflicting and possession of sinecures.
possession of sinecures. Instead of forming in
concurrent jurisdictions, ecclesiastical, feudal, the centre of the state an enlightened aristocracy
royal. At the head of the government were like the English nobility, they were completely
the councils, dating from the time of Louis useless. The third estate was practically divided
XIV.; the chancellor, the contrôlleur général, into two classes, the wealthy bourgeois of the
and four secretaries of state, each of whom had cities and the peasant of the fields. The former
charge not only of the special matters of his by commerce and industry had raised them- .
office but also had general supervision of cer- selves to place if not to privilege, in spite of
tain provinces. Thus the minister of war con- the fact that they had to pay exorbitant taxes
trolled Dauphine; the minister of foreign affairs and that commerce was impaired by special
regulated pensions. The oldest administrative duties and internal tariffs, and industry was
divisions were those of the Church. Over these embarrassed by the guild system, an organiza-
had developed the grand historic provinces like tion which, while good and useful in the middle
Burgundy and Anjou, which were divided into age, was in the eighteenth century a positive
two sorts — pays d'état, provinces that retained detriment to free production. But the vast
a measure of local life and pays d'election mass of the people were far below this more
provinces that were at the mercy
of the crown.
fortunate few. The peasants were overwhelmed
Then there were thirty-eight military govern- by taxes of the government, the church, and
ments, besides those of Lorraine and Corsica, the noble.
and four généralités under intendants; thirty- It was this condition of France that led
four recruiting districts, and numerous judicial Michelet to declare that the absolute monarchy
districts. All this complicated machinery looked of France, which supplanted the violence and
*FRANCE UNDER Louis XV. By James Breck Perking. private war of the feudal epoch, was attended
In two volumes. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. with more injury to humanity than the feudal
:


278
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
非
​régime itself, but a more modern scholarship not so much to the drain of the court, as Taine
has learned to avoid such generalizations and would have us believe, but to the enormous
to distrust absolute values in history. Mr. treasure expended in unsuccessful war, which
James Breck Perkins's latest work, “ France ruined the state and diminished its prestige.
under Louis XV.,” is an example of this cau- In the two years prior to the war of the Austrian
tious, scholarly spirit. Carlyle's Louis XV., Succession there was an annual surplus of
“whose whole existence seems one hideous abor- fifteen millions, “ a phenomenon which was not
tion and mistake of nature,” when reduced even again witnessed under the old régime" (p. 91).
to his lowest terms, appears not as an error of Mr. Perkins looks at facts with level
eyes ;
and
nature, but as the product of a wrong civiliza- his judgment of conditions that prevailed in
tion. Louis XV. was originally a man of easy France under the old régime, as compared with
temperament and naturally good judgment, but contemporary history, will arrest attention.
he was indolent and weak-willed, a fact that “ The embarrassed condition of the national finances
led him to follow the line of least resistance. was not altogether due to excessive expenditure. Cer-
Birth and training made him unable to distin- tainly there was great opportunity for retrenchment, yet
guish between will and self-will, between the
the expenses of the government under the old régime
were not greater than the country was able to bear; it
right of his wishes and the privilege of another. is doubtful whether the monarchical establishment was
Indolence made him indifferent to the vice of a any more costly than the democratic institutions by which
highly-wrought and artificial civilization, and it has been succeeded. Wars were more frequent in the
created an eager craving for new sensations which
last century than in this, but while they lasted longer
they cost less, and the expense of the army in times of
led him into depths of vileness that parallelled
peace was small in comparison with the sums now ex-
the declining days of the Roman Empire. The pended by most European nations. Two million livres
end of the reign of Louis XIV. seemed the utter a year would perhaps represent the sums annually paid
prostration of France; and yet industry and
in pensions to the aristocracy. . . . Such extravagance
can justly be condemned, yet it is equaled by the salaries
commerce under his successor experienced a
of an excessive number of minor officials in the present
revival. The latter, in spite of absurd regula- French government and is far exceeded by the pension
tions, was prosperous down to the Revolution. list of the United States.* It may, indeed, be said that
The peasant, however, remained very miserable. the sums thus expended in our own day benefit larger
The barriers to the free circulation of grain, profited only a small class; and yet, considered as a
, out under
,
which Turgot attempted in vain to break down,
burden on the national wealth, it is questionable if the
stifled agriculture and produced famine. Never- cost of government absorbed any larger proportion of
theless France managed to live, and even to the resources of the government." (Vol. I., pp. 32-3,
improve, in the time of Louis XV. Under cf. p. 41.)
Fleury, there was actually a surplus of fifteen
The truth is that the conditions that pre-
millions. Mr. Perkins has warm words of vailed in France in the eighteenth century were
praise for Fleury, whose real work for France not so hard as those in other states of Europe.
seems to have been lost sight of in the splendor How, then, is the revolutionary tendency that
of Versailles.
was so strong in France to be explained ?
“ The improved condition of the national finances
French intellect then led Europe. In the
under Fleury had a beneficial effect on business, but the eighteenth century France was the centre of
country owed to him a still greater boon. The coinage thought. But its literature had experienced a
was at last esta! on an immovable basis, and this
measure did more to accelerate
the increase of wealth change. The transition from the
classic liter-
ature of Louis XIV.'s time to the philosophic
and the development of industry than all the commercial
codes at which Colbert so earnestly labored. For the literature of Louis XV.'s time was fraught
first time in French history, the country enjoyed during with significance for France. This philosophic
a long period an unchanged standard of value. As it thought became especially vital after the junc-
had been fixed, so it remained. ... By the end of
Fleury's long administration, the financijala principles principles of tolerance and political liberty de-
tion of the French and English intellects. The
adopted by him had taken root. Business had improved
and national income increased. ... Freed from the rived from England were made known to the
uncertainties which had threatened them, French trade French with marvellous clearness by Voltaire
and commerce developed with greater rapidity than at and Montesquieu, who were, however, reformers,
any time in the history of the past.” (Vol. 1., pp. 91-3.) and not revolutionists like Rousseau.
I.
At the
Just at this point comes in the exceeding same time, the economists demanded liberty for
value of Mr. Perkins's work. The occasion labor and the abolition of the guilds. These
of the French Revolution, it is admitted, was
ideas penetrated all classes. They were taken
the great and ever increasing deficit; but the
* The high-water mark of the U.S. pension list is $161,774,-
cause of that increase Mr. Perkins attributes
282 (1893).
a
she


1897.]
279
THE DIAL
a
up with applause by a society highly wrought, illusion in the quotation above, may we not pro-
,
sentimental, and seeking excitement. Their test against a whole procession of ancient and
seed took root in the breasts of the third estate, oriental dynasties? Is there a cumulative force
where they were nourished by the wrongs under in comparing the French Monarchy to that of
which they suffered, to become at last the symp- the Medes and Persians, the czar of Russia, the
toms of a revolution unique in history. For the sultan of Morocco, “ Assyrian and Babylonian
enthusiasm of the reformers was parallelled only kings,” and “an Assyrian or Egyptian sove-
by the unpractical character of their teachings. reign,” — all in the space of nine pages ? Else-
Moreover, the bent of thought in the eighteenth where Mr. Perkins, in speaking of the fact that
century was wholly negative. At first directed the French have never succeeded in giving
against the church, about 1750 its point of coincident and due expression to central and
attack changed to the state. Absolutism was local constitutional forces, says of the provincial
reaping its reward. Since the government states prior to '89:
monopolized all rights, it was held responsible They might have furnished a nucleus for the develop-
for everything, and every opposition to the ment of legislative bodies, somewhat akin to the legisla-
government was considered laudable. This
tures of the American States, but the tendency of politi-
negative character ultimately penetrated into
cal change in France was not in that direction; in the
discussions of the eighteenth century there was little
purely scientific thought as well. Condillac demand for any local subdivision of political action; the
deduced pure sensationalism in mental philoso- most ardent republican of the Convention was as eager
phy; Helvetius followed the idea into the moral
an advocate of centralization as Richelieu or Louis XIV.”
.
sphere and denied immortality to the soul and (Vol. I., p. 21.)
belief in God.
The statement is too strong. The reform ideas
But Mr. Perkins has not confined his re- of Turgot looked to the development of local
searches entirely to a study of the structure and life ; exaggerated local power in the bands of
character of the old régime, but has endeav- 44,000 communes was one of the defects of the
ored to unravel the tangled thread of European constitution of 1791 ; moreover, Brissot, who
politics in the eighteenth century. The following had been in America, and his following in the
of that thread, however, is a matter of greater
Girondist party, were French federalists.
interest to the professional historian than to the
Finally, however, be it said of Mr. Perkins
casual reader." Mr. Perkins's volumes are the that few writers could so successfully have
most authoritative attempt yet made to present to avoided the errors and pitfalls for the historian
English readers the history of the reign of Louis
of so complex politics and civilization as that of
XV. and the Pompadour. In matter of style, France in the eighteenth century, or carried
some of the author's sentences are cameo-like in
the work to such successful completion.
definiteness and precision. Take this sentence,
JAMES WESTFALL THOMPSON.
illustrating the distinction between the great
and the small nobility :
“The country gentlemen were embarrassed because
their receipts were so small, and the great nobles were
THE SCHOLAR AND THE STATE.*
bankrupt because their expenditures were so large."
One of the most marked features of the pro-
And could any antithesis be more pointed than gress of the last twenty years has been the socializ-
this ? -
ing of the Christian ministry. A generation ago
“ Louis XIV. never abandoned the endeavor to rule the normal clergyman was not more noticeable
his kingdom himself; but Louis XV. did not even make by reason of his garb and his phraseology than
the attempt.”
by reason of his peculiar outlook upon the
No reader agrees with his author in every affairs of the society in which he lived. His
opinion, and one is inclined to take exception teaching was theological and doctrinal ; his
to the statement that “ It neeeded no prophet atmosphere was traditional and conservative ;
to discern that institutions which seemed as
and bis exegesis was largely by way of com-
firmly rooted as those of the Medes and Persians mentary on what had already been said by
when Louis XIV. was proclaimed the Great, fathers, reformers, and more recent divines.
were nearing their end when Louis XV. lay on Authority to him was paramount, and his City
his death-bed” (Vol. I., p. 1), -since even so of God stood, like the ark of Noab, somewhat
keen a statesman as Frederick the Great, who
died in 1786, did not foresee the Revolution.
* THE SCHOLAR AND THE STATE, and Other Orations and
Addresses. By Henry Codman Potter, Bishop of New York.
And parenthetically, àpropos of the oriental New York: The Century Co.


280
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
apart from the larger world of struggling mor- all acquisition. Learning, attainment, accom-
tals. He did not mix himself up with the secu- plishment, riches, material and mental, are a
lar questions of the day, and if he did cast his trust for the society which has made all acqui-
vote at elections he had at any rate forgotten sition possible, and which needs its upper
that his ecclesiastical ancestors a hundred years classes of mind and of capital as much as it
earlier preached election sermons and shaped needs its humbler workers.
affairs of state.
In the discussion of “Christianity and the
The present generation has seen this clerical Criminal,” “ A Phase of Social Science,” and
character move into a larger field in two direc- “The Gospel for Wealth,” Bishop Potter speaks
tions. On the one hand he has broken some- strong words on the failure of our Christian
what with the authority that he once held to be society to do its duty by the delinquent and de-
an adequate reason, and with “ Ian Maclaren” fective classes, swinging as it does from namby-
has harked back to “ the Mind of the Master.” pamby sentimentalism to unconscious, but none
The famous “ Scotch Sermons of 1880" showed the less pagan, brutality. The absurdity, to
that he had awakened to his own individuality. say nothing of the inhumanity, of our apology
Dr. Newman Smyth had the year before re- for a corrective system is not more severely
vealed to him “Old Faiths in New Lights.” characterized than is the immorality of our
On the other hand, in 1889 that noblest prelate ostrich-like method of obliterating suffering by
of the most unprogressive church in Christen-bribing it to take its countenance away from
dom, Cardinal Gibbons, had set a grand example our doorstep, or the anti-Christian attitude of
in that great work on “Our Christian Herit- a civilization that turns its back and shuts its
age” which breathes not one word of denomi- door forever upon a woman who has fallen -
national teaching, but only the spirit of Christ fallen by the grace of man.
the Savior of society; and about the same time In “The Higher Uses of an Exposition,"
his suffragan bishop of our own state — Bishop published in “The Forum ” just before the
Spalding of Peoria - had brought together as opening of our World's Fair, a fearless word
co-workers for humanity “Culture and the is spoken for the beneficent and refining and
Higher Life.”
sanctifying influences of art and of all the
The enfranchisement of clerical thought from products of man's genius, and a solid middle
the too dominant rule of pure dogmatic and ground is taken between the extremists who
polemic was thus begun, and the social duty of would that all others might be made to do as
the ministry was reëmphasized ; and just now they do on the one hand, and those on the other
we have had along the one line Dr. Watson's who would run a wide open Sunday for the
“ Mind of the Master,” Dr. Amory H. Brad benefit of all the sins of the flesh. Along the
ford's “The Growing Revelation," and Presi- same line of the educative value of the beautiful
dent Hyde's “Social Theology." In the other is the plea for the symbolism of religion in
line we place the book which is the subject “The Significance of the American Cathedral,"
of this review “ The Scholar and the State," and the protest against that growing conception
by the Episcopalian bishop of New York. Dr. of the Church as consisting “ mainly of a huge
Potter has been a man of affairs, and has auditorium with a platform and a more or less
shown himself to be imbued with the largest and dramatic performer and a congregational par-
most generous statesmanship for many years. lor, and a parish kitchen.” For it is well to
He has done well to collect under one cover recognize “that religion has never survived
these essays and orations of the past ten years, anywhere without the due recognition and con-
through all of which runs the thought of the servation of the instinct of worship.” Finally,
responsibility of Christian and educated man- in the memorial sermon occasioned by the death
hood to our country and our people. A bishop of Phillips Brooks, entitled “ The Life-Giving
was intended to be “an overlooker” for the Word,” is summed up the character of man
lives and souls of men; and the author of these that must make the life which the Master re-
papers has not come short of his calling, either vealed eighteen hundred
vealed eighteen hundred years ago the basis of
in his life or in his utterances.
modern society."
concerning the scholar and the Christian in his « There is a life nobler and diviner than any that
relation to the state, to service, to the criminal, to we have dreamed of. To the poorest and meanest of us,
statesmanship, to American life, the keynote of
as to the best and most richly dowered, it is alike open.
To turn toward it, to long for it, to reach up after it,
his thought is insight and illumination rather
to believe in its ever-recurring nearness, and to glorify
than knowledge and mere culture as the goal of God in attaining it, this is the calling of a human soul !
In his essays


1897.]
281
THE DIAL
“A most gifted and sympathetic observer of our “ Tiphsah” (Chapter IV.). From Baghdad
departed brother's character and influence has said of through devious ways they wend their march to
him, contrasting him with the power of institutions:
His life will always suggest the importance of the Nippur, the site which had been selected for
influence of the individual man as compared with insti-
excavation. This mound is located about one
tutional Christianity.' In one sense undoubtedly this hundred miles east of south from Baghdad, and
is true : but I should prefer to say that his life-work is adjacent to the bed of the old Shatt-en-Nil
will always show the large and helpful influence of a
great soul upon institutional Christianity."
canal. Only the most refined patience and the
best-trained self-control could have endured
The thoughtful words in this volume, from
a man who has largely taken his place as a
the contemptible parasitic demands of local
officials and their subalterns.
social force, will come in welcome form to those
who have heard or read them before, and are
On February 1, the expedition began to erect
hoping for the complete socializing of the
a permanent camp on the summit of Nippur.
Christian Church both in the pulpit and in the
About thirty diggers were soon set to work,
and these gradually increased, through the de-
pews.
JOHN J. HALSEY.
mand of local sheikhs, to a hundred and fifty.
Trenches were cut in several places, and work
was carried on simultaneously in the different
NIPPUR, AND ITS OLD BRICKS.*
localities. There was anything, however, but
peace in the camp. Bands of wandering Arabs
The large-hearted and benevolent members loitered about, begged, stole, and kept the camp
of the Archæological Association of Philadel. in a sort of smoking-volcano condition. The
phia have won the gratitude and admiration of antiquities discovered were meagre, some of
the scientific world. Their inspiration and them of great value for their age, others of
offerings have opened the treasure-tombs of slight importance for their modernness. Enough
Babylonia and transferred to the museums of had been done to demonstrate that the mound
oriental antiquities some of the choicest relics covered old and valuable ruins. But the jar-
of primitive civilizations. Under the auspices ring and jangling and thieving of the Arabs
of this Association, Dr. Peters organized and
grew more and more daring and violent, until
prosecuted, in the face of untold difficulties,
at 2 A. M. of Monday, April 15, 1889, the bomb
two campaigns into the heart of old Babylonia.
was lighted by a guard shooting a thief. This
In June of 1888 he set out on his first expedi. aroused tribe after tribe for blood revenge,
tion with a staff of helpers, assyriologists, inter- until by Thursday, April 18, as the expedition
preter, surveyor, etc., to search for remains of
was preparing to retreat, treachery set fire to
old Babylonian empires. He paints in vivid their camp, and in five minutes it lay in ruins,
colors the extreme annoyances and embarrass- including three fine horses. Many small val.
ments faced in the organization of the expedi- uables, including a bag of gold, had been pur-
tion, in the securing of a firman from the loined by the omnipresent thieves. Only by
Turkish authorities, and after being granted shrewdness and agility were the members of the
the concession, the continuous and perplexing expedition able to escape to boats which carried
and treacherous chicanery of the local author. them to Hillah, thence to Baghdad. The Direc-
ities in trying to thwart his plans. Some tor at this point says (p. 288):
months of time were lost in the aggravating
“Our first year at Nippur had ended in failure and
delays caused by the Sultan's too-well-trained disaster. I had failed to win the confidence of my com-
officials. On December 1, 1888, about six rades. None of them agreed with me in my belief in
months after leaving New York, the Director
the importance of Nippur, and the desirability of exca-
vating down to the foundations. The Arabs had proved
left Constantinople. The members of the ex-
treacherous. The Turkish authorities disbelieved our
pedition soon met, and proceeded, almost as an
story of Arab treachery, and suspected us of plotting
ancient oriental caravan, across Syria to the with our Turkish commissioner to carry away antiqui-
Euphrates, thence down that old stream to ties. I was sick and nervous, having suffered for two
Baghdad. Aside from a few mishaps, the only
months almost incessantly from severe facial neuralgia
and consequent sleeplessness."
notable discovery was what the Director calls
To add another weight to the scale, all the mem-
* NIPPUR, OR EXPLORATIONS AND ADVENTURES ON THE
EUPHRATES: The Narrative of the University of Pennsylvania
bers of the expedition resigned before Baghdad
Expedition to Babylonia in the years 1888-90. By John Pun- was reached. Thus apparently the first cam-
nett Peters, Ph.D., Sc.D., Director of the Expedition. In two
volumes. With Illustrations and Maps. New York : G.P. | paign terminated in a disaster and a catastrophe.
Putnam's Sons.
The second volume describes the campaign


282
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
of 1889-90, which was conducted with fewer
RECENT FICTION.*
experts, under less difficulties, and with the
benefit of the varied experiences of the first
Of the two works of fiction left unfinished at the
year. The superstition of the natives was used death of Robert Louis Stevenson, “ Weir of Her-
by the Director to a fine advantage in showing tive strength, its delineation of character, and what-
miston” is the more remarkable for its sheer crea-
them that their (the natives') ill fate in the face
ever other features belong to fiction of the more
of the late cholera scourge was due to their ill
enduring sort; while “St. Ives" bears the palm as
treatment of the first campaign. This secured
* St. Ives. Being the Adventures of a French Prisoner in
almost unmolested continuity in carrying on England. By Robert Louis Stevenson. New York: Charles
excavations. Three-quarters of this volume Scribner's Sops.
sets forth the marvellous archæological signifi-
THE CHRISTIAN. By Hall Caine. New York: D. Appleton
& Co.
cance of this campaign. Instead of four boxes
THE CHEVALIER D'AURIAC. By S. Lovett Yeats. New
of antiquities secured in 1889, this campaign York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
packed and shipped thirty-six, besides a coffin THE FALL OF A STAR. A Novel. By Sir William Magnay,
and a half-dozen door sockets.
Bart. New York: The Macmillan Co.
These boxes
IN THE DAYS OF DRAKE. By J. S. Fletcher. Chicago :
contained eight to ten thousand inscribed tablets
Rand, McNally & Co.
or fragments of tablets, and several hundred H18 MAJESTY'S GREATEST SUBJECT. By S. S. Thorbarn.
inscribed stones and stone fragments, among
New York: D. Appleton & Co.
AN OPEN-EYED CONSPIRACY. An Idyl of Saratoga. By
which were the oldest inscriptions theretofore
W. D. Howells. New York: Harper & Brothers.
discovered in Babylonia. The foundations of THREE PARTNERS; or, The Big Strike on Heavy-Tree Hill.
what they termed “the oldest temple in the
By Bret Harte. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
world” were laid bare. The complete plan
JOHN MARMADUKE. A Romance of the English Invasion
of Ireland in 1749. By Samuel Harden Church, New York:
and character of this is fully described, and the G. P. Putnam's Sons.
inscriptions found in and about its walls tell us THE STAND-BY. By Edmund P. Dole. New York: The
that it was a powerful institution at about
Century Co.
CORLEONE. A Tale of Sicily. By F. Marion Crawford.
4000 B.C. The bricks of Ur-Gur and Bur-Sin
In two volumes. New York: The Macmillan Co.
2800 B.C. were found in its upper walls. The THE STORY OF AN UNTOLD LOVE. By Paul Leicester Ford.
court of columns was another precious archi-
Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
tectural find, where they discovered round col-
PONTIAC, CHIEF OF THE OTTAWAS. A Tale of the Siege
of Detroit. By Colonel H. R. Gordon. New York : E. P.
umns resting on square bases. Many important Dutton & Co.
inscriptions from the Cosæan dynasty of the BEYOND THE CITY GATES. A Romance of Old New York,
thirteenth century B.C. were brought to light.
By Augusta Campbell Watson. New York: E. P. Dutton
& Co.
In fact, the entire campaign seems to bave been A SOLDIER OF MANHATTAN, and his Adventures at Ticon-
conducted on a shrewd, wise basis, and to have deroga and Quebec. By Joseph A. Altsheler. New York:
D. Appleton & Co.
yielded large results for times antedating
IN BUFF AND BLUE. By George Brydges Rodney. Boston:
Abraham by 1,500 to 2,000 years.
Little, Brown, & Co.
The story is told in a simple, clear, and vivid A COLONIAL FREE LANCE. By Chauncey C. Hotchkiss.
manner, much of it giving us the day and often
New York: D. Appleton & Co.
HUGH WYNNE, FREE QUAKER. By S.Weir Mitchell, M.D.
the hour of the occurrence of the events. The
In two volumes. New York: The Century Co.
volumes are admirably illustrated with half- CAPTAIN SHAYS, A POPULIST OF 1786. By George R. R.
tones of the monuments, of mounds, and of
Rivers. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co.
A LOYAL TRAITOR. A Story of the War of 1812. By
personages connected with the campaigns. The
James Barnes. New York: Harper & Brothers.
vividness of delineation is greatly enhanced BOLANYO. A Novel. By Opie Read. Chicago: Way &
by detailed plans of the hill Nippur, and of the Williams.
foundations which were uncovered. Volume I.
THE VICE OF Fools. By H.C. Chatfield-Taylor. Chicago:
H. S. Stone & Co.
has a valuable appendix from Dr. William
ARNAUD's MASTERPIECE. A Romance of the Pyrenees.
Hayes Ward's diary of the Wolfe expedition By Walter Cranston Larned. New York: Charles Scribner's
in 1885; and Volume II. bas another of twelve
Sons.
CONSTANTINE. A Tale of Greece under King Otho. By
plates of objects found, which will be of unusual
George Horton. Chicago: Way & Williams.
interest to scholars.
Susan's ESCORT AND OTHERS. By Edward Everett Hale.
The Director of the expedition is to be con-
New York: Harper & Brothers.
gratulated on the persistency and pluck with
OLD TIMES IN MIDDLE GEORGIA. By Richard Malcolm
Johnston. New York: The Macmillan Co.
which he has executed his plans, and on the
THE CRIME OF THE BOULEVARD. By Jules Claretie.
issuance of these beautiful and valuable vol. Translated by Mrs. Carlton A. Kingsbury. New York:
umes. They are gems of the bookmaker's art.
R. F. Fenno & Co.
BRICHANTEAU, ACTOR. Translated from the French of
IRA M. PRICE. Jules Claretie. Boston: Little, Brown, & Co.
-


1897.]
283
THE DIAL
a mere narrative of exciting adventure. In point have cultivated a less affected style of letter-writing.
of style, both fragments are in the rich manner of Books in the new-old fashion of romantic histor-
the author's later years, and each of them may be ical fiction are so much of a piece that when we
read with lingering delight. “St. Ives," moreover, have stated the period and the chief historical char-
turns out to be much more of a book than we had acters with which such a work is concerned there
expected, for Stevenson's work does not break off seems little or nothing more to say, as the machinery
until the three-hundredth page is well passed, and and the trappings may easily be left for granted.
the pattern of the whole so well marked out that Mr. S. Levett Yeats, in “ The Chevalier d'Auriac,”
one might imagine most of what was left untold, writes of the last stand of the League, of Henry of
without the friendly offices of Mr. Quiller-Couch, Navarre, and the Duke of Sully. He has a love
who has undertaken the delicate task of supplying story of the approved conventional type, a series of
the closing six chapters. The romance is of thrill- desperate adventures and escapes, and the usual
ing interest, combining, as it does, the adventures swaggering hero. In the authorship of such a ro-
of a French prisoner escaped from the Castle of mance there is hardly a trace of individuality. It is
Edinburgh with a highly satisfactory sort of love all done to pattern, and the name on the titlepage
story. Those who are fanatical in their devotion might be that of Mr. Weyman, or Dr. Doyle, just
to Stevenson's memory will probably resent the in- about as well as the name that we actually find there.
trusion of an alien band at the close, but for our “ The Fall of a Star” is the story of a crime, of
part, we must express our gratitude to the distin- the criminal's ingenious efforts for concealment, and
guished writer upon whom has devolved the some- of the clever way in which it is brought home to
what thankless labor of working out the author's him by a couple of amateur detectives. The hero
conception. Mr. Quiller-Couch has a very pretty is a very wicked villain indeed, who is also a rising
style of his own, and if he indulge at times in a English statesman, the hope of a great party. He is
certain extravagance or whimsicality of invention, both a Jekyll and a Hyde, although the two char-
he has on the whole done his work admirably, and acters are blended (except in one scene) instead of
we have no quarrel with him for having failed to being sharply differentiated. The story is not ex-
attain the impossible.
actly brilliant, although not without entertaining
One approaches “ The Christian ” with a certain qualities and reasonably exciting chapters.
prejudice against it, based partly upon the self- “In the Days of Drake” is a short historical
advertising methods of its author, and partly upon novel by Mr. J. S. Fletcher, who has done good
the morbid sentimentalism and tawdry rhetoric that work in this field before, and who has a very pleas-
are sure to be found in his work. It is something ant way of telling his tales. The hero is an English
of a relief, then, to discover that the book is not lad, kidnapped by a Spaniard, taken to Mexico, and
nearly as bad as might have been expected, and that given into the tender hands of the Inquisition. He
its very obvious defects do not deprive it of the is condemned to the galleys, and lives in a floating
power both to interest and to stir its readers. This hell until rescued by an English ship, which proves
power belongs to the theme quite as much as to the to be no other than that in which Drake is making
execution, for the professional moralist, whether in the first circumnavigation of the globe. Thus our
orders or not, can always make an effective appeal youth becomes a part of that glorious emprise, and
to his hearers by contrasting the Christianity of when he returns to the home that had long mourned
the New Testament with the parody that mostly him for dead, soon sets matters to right, both with
takes its place in modern society. Now Mr. Caine his sweetheart and with the villain who had sought
writes primarily as a moralist, and there is no mis- to compass his destruction.
taking the fervor of his conviction that modern “ His Majesty's Greatest Subject” is a historical
society is rotten to the core. The unfortunate thing romance of the future instead of the past. It pre-
about his performance is that it knows not the virtue tends to be the story, revealed after his death, of
of restraint; that it becomes vehement and even the man who, early in the twentieth century, saves
hysterical, and thus half defeats its purpose. Think a revolted British India to the Empire. He does
of Dr. Ibsen's Brand, from which all such figures it by taking the place and character of his twin-
as Mr. Caine's Christian derive, and the difference brother the Viceroy (who has died suddenly), cut-
between art and journeyman-work becomes apparent ting off cable communication with the rest of the
enough. And then Mr. Caine's hero is only a Brand world, and then proceeding to suppress the revolt
manqué, which makes another big difference. But in his own way, at the same time pacifying the na-
in spite of his vacillation, he interests us, and we tives by a series of administrative reforms. The
follow his tempestuous career with a certain amount story has a real lesson for the English statesman,
of sympathy, although not as much as the author the lesson that Mr. Kipling has done so much to
would evidently have us accord the subject. To run emphasize. It is that the government of India
amuck through society, as John Storm sees fit to do, should be left to deal with its own problems in its
is not likely to result in reforming the world, and own way, unhampered by cabinets and parliament-
the way of Erasmus is usually better than the way ary commissions. And the merit of the book lies
of Luther. As for Glory, the heroine, she would in the force with which this message is conveyed,
be a nice girl if she had another name, and could and the evident wide acquaintance of the author
a


284
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
with Indian affairs. The book is hardly literature to this policy as a blunder and a crime. But the
in the most catholic sense of that term, and the Lord commanded His captains of old to smite His
puerilities of its sentimental passages are such as to enemies and to slay whole nations; and verily now,
excite the derision of even the uncritical.
even now, Jehovah hath directed our progress to
Mr. Howells has appeared to much better advan- the castigation of this people, that they may be re-
tage of late in his shorter stories than in his more claimed from their errors and their fair land res-
pretentious novels. There is so much sameness in cued from its disorders."
his minutely photographic descriptions of our con- The theme of “The Stand-By” is a fine one, but
temporary society, that, in spite of their shrewd
the author has elected to treat of it in a spirit which
humor and sure sympathy, they become wearisome goes far to repel sympathy. That the law should
after the first hundred pages or 80. But an “idyl” be both respected and enforced, and that even a bad
having the dimensions of “An Open-Eyed Conspi- law demands no less consideration than a good law,
racy,” which may be read at one short sitting, are general propositions to which every candid and
affords the pleasantest of entertainment, and, despite intelligent mind must assent. But when, as in the
the fact that even when treated witbin such limits case of the present novel, an attempt is made to
the material for the sketch seems scanty, the reader enlist our sympathies in behalf of the sanctity of
is on the whole well rewarded for his attention. law, it is surely a wanton sacrifice of effectiveness
This story of Saratoga is a very pretty piece of work, to make the conflict between law and lawlessness
and we are glad that it has been added to the author's centre about a piece of legislation that is offensive
studies of commonplace humanity.
to all healthy political and social instincts. What
Mr. Bret Harte's new novel does not offer any- Mr. Dole has really done in this novel is to merge
thing strikingly new either in character or incident. his defence of a great principle into a mere brief
He has often entertained us with stories of “strikes” for the prohibitionist, and our admiration for the
in mining-camps, and frontier ruffians of various fine fighting qualities of his hero has all the time to
types, and belles of the village developed into fine contend with a feeling that he might have found a
(and faithless) ladies. Jack Hamlin, too, is nearly far worthier employment for his energies than to
always with us in Mr. Harto's pages, and we are enlist them on the side of the fanaticism that usually
seldom deprived of some striking contrast between characterizes what are oddly enough known as
the early privations and the later opulence of the “temperance” movements. The narrow attitude
principal characters.
All these clichés, and others of the author, in spite of his show of fairness in
equally familiar, reappear in the “form” of “Three argumentation, is revealed when we find him de-
Partners,” and we find them all welcome and offending, not only the enforcement of a bad law (in
perennial interest. The plot of this novel is exceed- which his position is impregnable), but also the
ingly complicated, and the reader grows breathless retention of the law upon the statute-book. We
in his attempt to keep up with the development of believe firmly in what the surprised New Yorkers of
the narrative; but the author must be accepted a year or two ago learned to call “ Rooseveltism,"
upon his own terms, and, with all his obvious faults, but we believe also that the true mission of “ Roose-
he remains as fascinating as of old.
veltism ” is to open men's eyes to the ill-advised and
Mr. Samuel Harden Church, the author of a reckless character of a great deal of our meddle-
popular biography of Cromwell, has essayed to bring some law-making.
his hero into a work of fiction, and has produced a
The fabrication of a novel has come to be a very
very readable historical romance of the invasion of easy task for Mr. Marion Crawford. By long years
Ireland by the Parliamentary army in 1649. The of practice at the art, he has provided himself with
incidents are all of the stereotyped sort; the hero a collection of puppets, characteristically labelled
falls in love with a fair enemy, achieves the difficult and costumed, and standing in orderly array upon
task of protecting her without failing in his duty the shelves of his private cabinet. To produce a
to the Parliamentary cause, wins her love and is new book, all that he has to do is to make a judicious
duly united to her in wedlock, suffers disgrace in selection from these figures, touch them up a little,
the eyes of his General and regains favor by an act perhaps hastily shaping two or three others of the
of bravery, finally passing through the wars un- same general sort, and arrange the group in some
scathed and settling down to his hardly won happi- pleasing new combination. The result is such a
ness. We have read it all many times before, and
book as
“Corleone,” now before us, or any of the
expect to read it many times again with the same other books that are sure to follow as long as the
unflagging interest. The author is a staunch be- industry of the craftsman and the patience of his
liever in Cromwell, and stoutly defends the Irish public hold out. We have always thought Mr.
campaign and the horrors of Drogheda as justified Crawford's “Saracinesca" books the best of his
by the circumstances of the war. He is clearly in entire output, for, while their characters may hardly
full sympathy with his hero when he represents him be called creations, they are faithful studies of an
as speaking in these terms: “Men are already call interesting series of types, and, what is more to the
ing this campaign the Curse of Cromwell. We shall point, of types which no one before Mr. Crawford
have much abuse on that score. The day may come has presented with so much skill, sympathy, and
when academic statesmen in England will refer inventive resource. The hero of this new book is a


1897.)
285
THE DIAL
-
-
Saracinesca, the oldest son of Corona and Sant' | Cooper loved to tell, and has all the incidents and
Ilario, and its theme is the story of his love for a characters — the scout, the captive maiden, the
-
Sicilian girl, who is supposed, until the very end of ambush, and the rescue that so appealed to our
the novel, to have come from the Corleone stock youth. While a story of a somewhat amateurish
66
“the worst blood in all Italy,” as we are told with sort, it is not without both interest and excitement.
somewhat wearisome iteration. It is all the time Miss Augusta Campbell Watson's “Beyond the
difficult to believe that so pure-souled a heroine City Gates” has also something of the amateurish
-
should have sprung from so corrupt a race, although quality, although the writer has set her name to
water-lilies do blossom upon the bosom of the several earlier books. It is a romance of New York
swamp, and we learn with much relief that she had in the last days of the seventeenth century, when
been stolen in infancy, and that her real family is the English government had just replaced the Dutch,
above reproach. The story is surprisingly interesting and Captain Kidd was the terror of the worthy
in its main episodes, and even the hackneyed tale of burghers. The redoubtable pirate, although he does
the priest accused of murder, and unable to defend not make a personal appearance in these pages, has
himself because the confessional seals his lips, is a good deal of indirect influence upon the plot,
treated in a fashion at once fresh and dramatic. which concerns a pretty Dutch maiden and her two
Finally, if one would know the real meaning of the lovers — the one a dissolute associate of buccaneers
sinister word mafia, we cannot do better than refer and cutthroats, the other a worthy young giant of
him to this book by a writer who knows the Sicilian sober mercantile pursuits. The story is a pretty one,
character as intimately as if to the manner born. and virtue properly triumphs in the end, although
The surprising versatility of Mr. Paul Leicester the heroine has some dark hours before the clouds
Ford is once more illustrated by his “Story of an roll away from her life.
Untold Love," which surely has nothing about it to “ A Soldier of Manhattan " is a romance of the
suggest his story of “The Great K. and A. Rob- war which ended in the capture of Quebec and the
bery” or his learned edition of “ The New England triumph of England in the New World. Its chief
Primer,” and little to suggest “ The Honorable Peter excellence is in its depiction of the feelings of rivalry
Stirling." It proves to be a very charming and between the colonial and British forces, a rivalry
delicate piece of fiction, in the form of a diary pri- which, although it did not prevent them from fight-
vately kept by the hero, and triumphing so com- ing side by side in opposition to the common enemy,
pletely over the difficulties inherent in that form foreshadowed clearly enough the time when they
that its choice is amply justified. We cannot, how- should be arrayed against one another. This par-
ever, accept as a probability the central situation of ticular aspect of the temper of the time seems to be
the book, for it is impossible to believe that the presented more clearly than we have hitherto viewed
heroine, who had known her lover so intimately in it in the romantic fiction dealing with the period in
childhood, could have failed to recognize him when question. The book is full of exciting adventure,
their intercourse was renewed later in life. But tolerably good fighting, and fairly acceptable ro-
without this assumption, the story could not have mantic sentiment. But the author has not risen to
existed, so we must be content to take the exception, the occasion offered by the memorable exploit of
and think no more about it. A more serious prob' Wolfe, and his description of that epochal engage-
lem is offered by the conduct of the hero in lending ment is tame in comparison with what other writers
bis literary talents to his employer, and thereby -notably Mr. Gilbert Parker-have made out of it.
deceiving his friends and the public. The fact “In Buff and Blue” is a story of the Revolu-
that this is done for the praiseworthy purpose of tionary War, and calls for no further comment than
obtaining money for the payment of a debt of honor the statement that it tells pleasantly enough, but
makes the question one of a delicate casuistry, but with slight spirit or vividness of description, the
we cannot hold the hero quite blameless. Nothing familiar story of the operations about Philadelphia.
remains to be said except that the diary in which The usual love story is interwoven with the tale of
these things are set forth falls by accident into the battle, and a happy conclusion is in due time reached.
hands of the heroine, and that the untold love is “ A Colonial Free Lance” is a far better book
thus all told at last, receiving its due reward.
than
any
of the historical novels thus far discussed,
Several novels dealing with the history of the and in reading it we feel for the first time that the
colonial and revolutionary periods have recently trick of such writers as Mr. Stanley Weyman and
been published, affording a pleasant indication that their congeners has been successfully caught, and
our writers of fiction are becoming more and more its application transferred to the field of American
cognizant of the fact that they need not leave home history. Here are indeed a spirited style (although
in search of effective themes. While these books far from perfect), a variety of invention, a rapidity of
(with a single exception) are not remarkable, they movement, and a general brilliancy of execution that
provide agreeable reading, and should not go un- hold the reader from beginning to end, and give him to
mentioned in such a summary as the present. Colonel the American revolutionary struggle the same sort of
H. R. Gordon's " Pontiac, Chief of the Ottawas,” is romantic interest that attaches to the story of the
a tale of the siege of Detroit by that famous leader English Commonwealth or the Napoleonic wars.
in the year 1763. It is a story of the sort that A work of larger dimensions, both material and
a
a


286
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
moral, is offered us in Dr. Mitchell's “Hugh Wynne, Mississippi for a scene and Mr. Chatfield-Taylor to
Free Quaker,” which we are inclined to think the Washington, while Mr. Larned is satisfied with
most important novel of the American Revolution nothing less remote than the Pyrenees, and Mr.
thus far written, and which adds a bright spray to Horton bids his readers set sail for “the isles of
the author's already considerable collection of lau- Greece.” Mr. Read's “Bolanyo " is the story of
rels. Dr. Mitchell's literary work always commands an actor, landed in a Mississippi town as the result
respect, and this particular work may claim a con- of an explosion in a river steamer, cared for by the
siderable measure of admiration as well. The hero leading politician of those parts, persuaded to under-
of the book is a young Philadelphian of Quaker take the management of a local playhouse, and
family, carried away by the hot temper of the time nearly lynched as the result of an unfortunate mis- .
from the restraints imposed by his training, and understanding. The real interest of the book is
finding in active service for his country a finer ideal supplied by neither the hero nor the story of his
than could be provided by the tradition of non- love for Senator Talcom's married daughter, but
resistance. He becomes estranged from his father, rather by the picturesque figure of the Senator him-
achieves for himself an honorable career as a soldier, self, who is a distinct type, delineated with consider-
and wins the woman of his love. The historical able skill. In spite of a certain stiffness of dialogue
material imbedded in this romance embraces all the and a lack of the finer graces of literary art, the
important happenings from the Stamp Act to York- story is an entertaining one, and exhibits construc-
town and the treaty of peace, and is bandled in a tive talent in a marked degree.
way that evinces both sound scholarship and the Pride, according to Pope and Mr. Chatfield-Tay.
artistic instinct. Perhaps the finest thing in the lor, is “ The Vice of Fools” which pointed a moral
book is the characterization of the hero's father — for the former and provided the latter with a title.
a Quaker of stern and almost fanatical type, and Mr. Chatfield-Taylor has been cultivating the epi-
a creation of the most unquestionable vigor and vi- gram more assiduously than ever, and his novel
tality. Although the narrative is without exciting fairly bristles with the shafts of wit and wisdom
effects, and never even verges upon the sensational, that go to make up the preternaturally clever con-
it is possessed of absorbing interest, and will always versation of his characters. The thing is neatly
have an honorable place in American fiction. done, but it does not seem altogether worth doing.
The familiar statement that history repeats itself Strip the book of these verbal trappings, and nothing
,
is well illustrated by the author of "Captain Shays," worth considering remains. The author has here-
“
a novel of the “critical period” of our history. In tofore shown some ability to deal effectively with
styling the leader of Shaya's Rebellion “a populist life, yet he now gives us nothing but the chatter of
of 1786,” Mr. Rivers has emphasized the fact that a few puppets, and would have it pass for a picture
social discontent is much the same thing in one age of Washington society. Even so impossible a volte-
as in another, and that the demagogue uses in about face as is executed by his General Lloyd in the
the same way the opportunity offered him by a pe- closing chapters does not arouse a protest, for there
riod of " hard times.” As he remarks, “the spirit is nothing real about the General anyway - except
of Daniel Shays still lives in the hearts of some of his clothes and his manners
or about
any
other
those leaders who are showing the farmers the wrong figure in the book. And all the while the nerves
path, and who have nothing in view but their own are being rasped by an endless string of epigrams
selfish ends."
that make one long for relief in the form of some
Last in this group of historical novels comes “ A display of genuine human feeling.
Loyal Traitor,” which is a sea story of the War of Mr. Larned, in his “ Arnaud's Masterpiece," can
1812. The surprising adventures of the hero will hardly be credited with a hold upon life, any more
appeal to boys of all ages, and, if our credulity is than can the author of the book just before men-
sometimes taxed overmuch, we are hardly allowed tioned, but he gives us at least tender sentiment and
to realize the fact, so swiftly does the narrative move the vision of beauty in nature and in art. His
from excitement to excitement. The element of fem- charming tale is of the simplest in theme and dic-
inine interest is lacking, although the author works tion. It has caught something of the spirit of me-
in a commonplace young woman upon two or three diæval romance, and suggests to the reader, now
occasions, and pretends that she is the heroine. This the story of Aucassin and his love, now the wonder-
is merely a concession to a conventional demand, imaginings of William Morris. While the author
and must not be taken seriously. The book would has not succeeded altogether in excluding modern
be no whit less interesting were the fair Mary left modes of feeling from his work, he has nevertheless
entirely out of its pages. The author can tell a capital woven a web of delicate and graceful fancy about
story of naval adventure, but there is no sentiment his painter-hero and the two maidens whose fates
in him, and he bungles the love-story sadly. are entangled with his own.
Mr. George Horton, although he has been serving
few words of comment, perhaps the most noticeable his country in the Athenian consulate for several
thing about these books being the fact that no one years past, may be reckoned a Chicagoan, and his
of them is concerned with the city with which its “ Constantine" given a place in this section of our
author is identified. Mr. Opie Read takes us to review. The book gives us some interesting bits of
for a


1897.]
287
THE DIAL
a
le
description, and a considerable quantity of quaint ingenuity, although its denouement is made to result
Greek ceremonial and folk-lore. Incidentally, it from an utterly impossible occurrence—the retention
tells a moderately interesting story of the reign of of a photographic image upon the retina of a dead
King Otho, a story not very well constructed, but man's eye. The detective methods by which the
saved by its pretty style and somewhat novel ma- murderer is tracked and trapped differ from those
terial. The tragic outcome rather jars upon
the
of Sherlock Holmes and Monsieur Lecocq in their
reader in view of the cheerful tenor of what has reliance upon what we may call psychological indi-
gone before, although fair warning of what may be cations, the start of the guilty person at the artfully
expected is provided in the opening chapter. contrived speech, the unconscious admission made in
The young writers of the hour who affect "style" the unguarded moment. The book has a vein of senti-
and write story after story without having anything ment which relieves the grewsomeness of its theme,
worth relating would probably dismiss with a very and brings it into touch with ordinary human life.
superior sort of sneer such a collection of tales The sentimental element is even more marked in
“Susan's Escort and Others,” recently brought to- “ Brichanteau, Actor," M. Claretie's other book,
gether from various periodicals by Dr. Edward which has the good fortune to be translated into
Everett Hale. But the larger-minded critics who, graceful and idiomatic English. We may hardly
while appreciative of the virtue of literary form, call it a novel, for it tells no connected narrative,
think a story none the worse for displaying some but is rather an autobiographical series of episodes
inventive skill, or for reflecting a wholesome and in the life of a professional comedian. If delinea-
genial personality, will not be disposed to scorn the
entertainment offered by such a volume as this. work of fiction, this book must be given a high rank.
There are nearly a score of pieces altogether, some The character of Brichanteau is thoroughly genuine,
based upon very slender conceits, others elaborating in its drawing so shaded as to bring out the most
a more substantial idea, and all attractive in more delicate nuance; he compels both our admiration
ways than one. Their homeliness makes no demand as an artistic creation and our affection as a fellow-
upon high-wrought emotions, and their whimsicality creature. M. Sarcey, in a cordial introduction to
keeps the reader alert for the fresh surprises that the volume, describes its hero as “the actor en-
await him at every turn. We are frequently re- amoured of his art, but who, for one reason or
minded of the odd fancies of Mr. Stockton, but with another, has not achieved success ... a failure
the difference that the matter-of-fact manner is here without melancholy or envy, an optimist failure.
not assumed as a literary device, but is rather the .. Brichanteau is charming because he is always
most natural form of the author's expression. treading the boards, because he believes in good
Colonel Johnston's new volume, “Old Times in faith that his life is a drama in which he plays the
Middle Georgia,” is a collection of a dozen or more principal part.” M. Claretie has described with
tales and sketches of life in the State which he delightful irony this ridiculous side of the character
knows so well, and of the bygone period of which of his hero, “who wears in ordinary life the nod-
he retains so mellow yet vivid a memory. It is a ding plumes of the stage.” We need say no more
phase of life which we should hardly know at all if to show that Brichanteau is a charming companion,
it were not for this writer's happy and genial tran- and that M. Claretie's book is a human document of
scriptions from the book of his recollections. The the most genial and enjoyable kind.
stories are largely in dialect, but it is both accurate
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
and inevitable, and our old quarrel with dialect
writing does not extend to such a case as this.
Colonel Johnston is facile princeps among the story-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
tellers who have kept alive in literature the memory
of the old South; his sketches have a tenderness of
Maps and
Mr. Townsend MacCoun, as author
sentiment and a persuasive charm that bring his sketches of the and publisher of “ The Holy Land
books close to our affections, for there somehow
Holy Land.
in Geography and History," has ren-
shines through them the light of a gracious and large dered a lasting service to teachers in the Sunday
hearted personality, and reading them we learn to School as well as to students of Palestinian history.
know the writer almost as well as we do the people In these two handy little volumes, which may be
who inbabit the old time world that he restores for us. slipped within the pocket, he has given the results
The name of M. Jules Claretie is one that does of three years' labor. The first volume contains
not suggest the writer of fiction, yet the brilliant over fifty geological and topographical maps — a
critic and playwright has recently made two ventures superb presentation of the physical characteristics
in the field of romance, and both of them have found of the land, based upon the researches of the Pales-
English translators. “The Crime of the Boulevard” tine Exploration Fund. These are accompanied by
might, indeed, have found a better one, for the a descriptive text. The second volume contains
version in which it is offered to the English-reading some sixty general historical maps, and upwards of
public is very slovenly, the work of a person who has thirty plans of towns and environg. This volume
neither accurate knowledge nor the least sense of gives an excellent sketch of Palestinian history from
style. The book is a detective novel of considerable the earliest days to the close of the Crusades in the
9
a
>
a


288
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
A decisive
Civil War.
These are,
thirteenth century. While the author in this sketch self-revealing sequence in a more exalted sense than
has assumed the integrity of the Biblical account as any previous critic has suggested. It will not, of
against the school of destructive criticism, he has course, appeal with equal force to all readers ; many
availed himself of the whole literature of his sub- have already come to conclusions too fixed for change;
ject, from Ewald to Edersheim, Graetz to Hilprecht yet every new theory tends to increase the never-
and Petrie, and has made a most satisfactory sum- abated interest of three hundred years in these
mary. The large collection of maps is an admir- wonderful poems of “infinite variety," charm, and
able feature, in which every device of the engraver mystery.
and the colorist has been employed to enable the
General Jacob D. Cox, once com-
student to realize the land of the Bible. A few
battle of the
mander of the twenty-third army
points are open to criticism. It would have been
corps, has already given proof of his
better, in citing the authorities, to give volume and
ability as a military historian in his two books for
page. In two of the maps Nos. 59 and 94 -
the “Campaigns of the Civil War" series, on “The
Alexandria and Persepolis are allowed to appear Campaign of Atlanta” and “The March to the Sea,”
long before they were founded. In all other cases
published some fifteen years ago. He has now taken
modern names and places are italicized, or else are
up his pen again to give a more detailed account of
distinguished by different coloring. The map of the
a portion of the subject of his second work in a new
beginning of the fifth century should divide Phæ-
book entitled “ The Battle of Franklin ” (Scribner).
nicia into Maritima and Libanensis, as is done on
He says, in his justification, that “when a battle
the map following; and Syria in both maps should
proves to be a turning point in a decisive campaign,
be divided into Prima and Secunda. On the first
when it marks the beginning of the end in such
of these maps Scythopolis (not Scythapolis) is placed
a contest as our Civil War,— when it justifies the
too far from the Jordan. Schürer is frequently
strategy of such a leader as Sherman in his division
spelled without the umlaut mark; and we note in
of his forces in Georgia and making the March to
one case Lenormand for Lenormant.
the Sea,— when in addition to this the combat may
however, but small flaws in a work so generally be fairly said to be a crucial experiment in the prob-
commendable.
lem of attack and defence of fieldworks in an open
New guesses at
It was Goethe who said, “ All my
country,— we can hardly place a limit to the desira-
the meaning of writings are fragments of a great bility of detailed knowledge.” The author has had
Shakespeare.
confession,” and the critics, as a rule,
the advantage of the completed publication of the
have assumed the same thing of Shakespeare, espe-
6 Official Records of the Union and Confederate
cially of his Sonnets. But so great has been the
Armies," and it is the completion of this great record
divergence of opinion with respect to the nature of
which has induced General Cox to tell again the oft-
this confession that the controversy gathering about
told tale of the battle of Franklin. His work is a
them has become one of the most voluminous in
valuable contribution to our military history, and the
all literature. The latest addition is by Mr. Edwin narrative is told in a style that combines the knowl.
James Dunning in “ The Genesis of Shakespeare's edge of the warrior with the skill of the literary
Art” (Lee & Shepard); and it must be granted
artist. The value of the book is enhanced by several
that he has made a new furrow in this much-
maps from the official records. The work is thor-
ploughed field. Mr. Dunning believes the Sonnets
oughly well done, and will hardly require to be done
to be autobiographical, but in a less material sense
again, despite the little controversy as to leadership
than is commonly supposed. The supreme expres-
between Generals Cox and Stanley, which is a side-
sions of devoted love in the first series are not ad-
issue.
dressed to William Herbert or any other, but refer
To see one's people yield before the
The story of a
symbolically to his own Muse or guiding genius ; his
invader; to see one's ancestral cus-
vanquished people.
admonitions to the youth to marry express the poet's
toms supplanted by those of the hated
desire to spur his own fancy to invention. In the conqueror; to see one's religion replaced by a for-
series expressing his jealousy of others, especially eign creed, — these things are hard to bear. Yet
of some rival poet, he confesses his early dependence these things have been borne all through our own
upon models, his imitation of the “fine filed phrase " land, through Mexico, and through Central America.
of earlier poets. The “ dark lady” is not Mary The native populations have been reduced, their
Fitton or any other person in the flesh, but under whole mode of life has been changed, their religions
this figure Shakespeare records his own struggles have been replaced. Few of the stories of these
between idealistic art, false in its very perfectness, changes have been preserved; all would be of thrill-
toward a more realistic art, ugly of aspect but in- ing, though sad, interest. Sometimes the Indian
wardly alluring. Thus, in Mr. Dunning's opinion, turned, in a vain effort to resist the new-comer. The
the Sonnets as a whole are the outpouring of Shakes-story of one of these fruitless resistances is told in
peare's art-consciousness, and the record of his dramatic form, by Dr. D. G. Brinton, in the little
growth in finish, understanding and power as an book entitled “Maria Candelaria ” (David McKay).
artist. This is something quite new in the æsthetic The Tzentals lived in Chiapas, now the southern-
interpretation of these poems, and makes of them a most state of Mexico. In culture they were the
3


1897.]
289
THE DIAL
The nature-lover's
calendar and
a
sons.
equals of almost any people in the Isthmian region. are made up of short papers, each an interesting
Reduced by the Spaniards in 1523 or 1524, they and valuable story illustrated with drawings of deli-
revolted in 1528, but were quickly resubjugated. cate beauty. The instinct of the poet and the sin-
They remained under Spanish control quietly until cere feeling of the nature-student are apparent in
1712, when a stroke for freedom was made under every bit of work that bore the signature of this
the leadership of an Indian girl—Maria Candelaria. | lamented author.
An attempt was made to restore the old government,
revive the ancient customs, and rethrone the ances-
“Nature's Diary” (Houghton), com-
tral religion. For a time everything seemed to be
piled by Mr. Francis H. Allen, will
note-book.
in her favor; but troubles arose, misunderstandings
attract the eye by its tasteful exterior.
and treachery appeared, and the cause was lost. It
It is done up in green, the cover and the smooth-
is the closing scenes in this insurrection that Dr.
cut edges of the leaves wearing the pleasing tints
Brinton dramatises. His book is at once interesting
of earth's drapery in the summer season. The right-
and a study, which reveals Indian thought and life
hand pages of the volume are left vacant for notes
with considerable probable accuracy.
by the reader; those on the left contain extracts
arranged in the order of a calendar, one or two for
A pretty book which anticipates the
each day in the year. All speak of some aspect of
A noble old
English cathedral.
holiday season is that on “ Ely Ca- nature, chiefly of the landscape in the varying sea-
thedral,” by the Dean of Ely (im-
Nearly three hundred of the selections are
ported by Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons). One
from Thoreau ; the remainder are taken from a
of the most beautiful of English minsters is here
dozen well-known authors. A sameness results
chronicled by one who is able to speak with author-
from this narrow range, which detracts from the
interest of the compilation. Thoreau bas written
ity, and full justice is done to the matchless octagon
tower, and its noble artist Alan de Walsingham. upon nature with fervor and beauty; but many
Here are most interesting details as to the construc-
others have equalled or surpassed him in imagery
tion of this famous octagon. Wonderful oak timber
and diction, as, for example, Mrs. Celia Thaxter and
Old England produced in the fourteenth century !
Col. T. W. Higginson, both of whom the compiler
The angle posts are each 53 feet long and 3 feet 4
has wholly left out of his account.
inches by 2 feet 8 inches in their other dimensions.
Alan took much trouble to find trees sufficiently
Mr. Bertram C. A. Windle's handy
Popular lectures
large and sound,“ searching far and wide, and with on English
little book entitled “Life in Early
archæology.
the greatest difficulty finding them at last, paying a
Britain " (Putnam), covering in a
great price for them, and by land and sea trans-
popular way the whole field of English Archæology,
porting them to Ely.” While the book is in sub- has grown out of a series of familiar lectures. The
stance made up of two “ Extension ” lectures deliv-
style is attractive throughout; the material and its
ered by the Dean, and is therefore popular in treat-
treatment are variable. Some chapters are capital,
ment, lovers of old Ely and its shrine will here find
others are poor. The worst is that dealing with the
much to stir their recollection pleasantly, and the P Palæolithic Period, in which the subject is poorly
scholar may find in the appended notes valuable presented and the British material sadly neglected.
contributions on “Liber Elieusis ” and the monas-
The work deserves on the whole high praise. It
will be a great help to the traveller. A brief out-
line history of the succession of peoples on Britain's
Twocharming volumes fresh from the soil — such as this is — will render much that is seen
farewell volumes.
press of Messrs. Harper & Brothers in museums comprehensible and interesting. Not
bear the name of William Hamilton the least valuable part of the book is an appendix
Gibson. They are a parting gift from a hand stilled wherein is a list of places, geographically arranged,
in death; and it is with a sense of personal bereave- where British antiquities may be studied either in
ment one turns over their fascinating pages. Facing the field or in museums.
the title-page of " Eye Spy," a portrait of the author
is presented in a characteristic attitude, gazing in-
John Lincklaen, of Amsterdam, jour-
tently into the heart of a flower to read some ex.
neyed to America in 1790, and pen-
quisite mystery folded away from the view of the
etrated the woods and swamps of
casual observer. In “My Studio Neighbors ” he western New York for the purpose of studying the
is seen again in the secluded spot where he painted “Mapple Sugar" industry as an investment. Back
his pictures and wrote his pen-sketches, or found of the material interest was the philanthropic motive
inspiration for both in the myriad phases of ani- of competing with the slave labor of the sugar-
mate or inanimate nature surrounding him. It is, producing South. Although the venture was not
perhaps, our farewell interview with one who never successful, and Mr. Lincklaen soon assumed the
failed to delight and instruct with his ingenious and surer remuneration attaching to the agency of the
picturesque portrayal of the wonders he discovered Holland Land Company, he left a legacy to all pog-
in the structure and behavior of bird and insect and terity in the “ Journals ” which he kept of his jour-
their near allies in the floral world. Both volumes neys in the backwoods. While devoid of political
tery rolls.
Hamilton Gibson's
Western New York
a century ago.


290
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
interest, these journals give a vivid realization
of pioneer life and early geography. They are
brought out by Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons, with
accompanying notes and maps, thus constituting a
real addition to the library of the student of early
New York and Vermont history.
-
BRIEFER MENTION.
Mr. John Morley's Rede lecture on “Machiavelli,"
published by the Macmillan Co. in a thin volume, revives
the old regret that the author should have found so lit-
tle time of recent years for literary production. Were
it not for politics, we might have had a long series of
just such essays as this — graceful, ripe, scholarly pro-
ductions — and English literature would bave been so
much the richer. How happy was the writer's choice
of a subject in the present instance is shown by the
amount of discussion that has been provoked by the
essay. Most of our modern statesmen have gone to
Machiavelli's school, and some of them have bettered
the instruction ; nothing could well be more timely,
then, than an analysis of the Machiavellian theory of
government, made by a man who has himself for many
years been in the thick of modern political life.
“ The Yersin Phono-Rhythmic Method of French
Pronunciation, Accent, and Diction” (Lippincott) is
the work of two young women, Mlles. M. and J. Yersin,
who have had much practical experience as teachers of
the French language, and who have now sought to im-
part (as far as it is possible for the printed page to do
so) the method by which they instruct their pupils in
French phonetics. The work is eminently practical,
and is provided with a very sensible introduction. Two
other text-books in this language are the “ first year'
of Mr. C. F. Kroeh’s “ Three-Year Preparatory Course
in French” (Macmillan), and Mr. Francis Tarver's
French Stumbling - Blocks and English Stepping-
Stones ” (Appleton), a helpful book for beginners.
Recent texts for teachers of English include the fol-
lowing : “Cymbeline,” edited by Mr. A. J. Wyatt,
and “The Tempest,” edited by Mr. F. S. Boas, both
published in “ Heath's English Classics "; also, issued
by the same publishers, “ The Ancient Mariner," edited
by Mr. A. J. George; “The Flight of a Tartar Tribe,"
edited by Mr. G. A.Wauchope; and “Enoch Arden” with
the two “ Locksley Hall ” poems, edited by Mr. Calvin
S. Brown. From Messrs. Silver, Burdett & Co. we have
“ The Revolt of the Tartars,” edited by Mr. A. S.
Twombly; and a thin volume of “Reading Courses in
American Literature,” by Mr. Fred L. Pattee. “The
Expository Paragraph and Sentence " is an elementary
manual of composition by Mr. Charles Sears Baldwin
(Longmans)
The inventor of “Love's Messages ” (Crowell) bas
added a new terror to life. This publication takes the
form of a cheque-book, and upon each leaf are printed
a text and a stanza of pious verse. The purchaser of
the booklet is supposed to detach the cheques and send
to , recording upon
LITERARY NOTES.
The Whitaker & Ray Co. of San Francisco announce
for early publication a one-volume edition of the com-
plete poetical works of Mr. Joaquin Miller.
The Macmillan Co. now publish in a single volume
the two parts (which have hitherto appeared separately)
of Mr. Ernest Arthur Gardner's “Handbook of Greek
Sculpture."
A fifth edition of Mr. Saintsbury's “Short History of
French Literature," with the section on the nineteenth
century practically rewritten, is about to issue from the
Clarendon Press.
The Rev. Henry Van Dyke's “ Little Rivers and
« The Poetry of Tennyson " are two new volumes of the
charming “Cameo Edition" of favorite books, published
by Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons.
Volume V.of Miss Wormeley's translation of Moliére,
just published by Messrs. Roberts Brothers, includes
three plays -- “ L'Ecole des Femmes," « L'Ecole des
Maris,” and “ Monsieur de Pourceaugnac.”
“Rome," by Miss Mary Ford; “ France," by Miss
Mary C. Rowsell; and “Old Tales from Greece," by
Miss Alice Zimmern, are three history books for chil-
dren just published by Mr. Thomas Whittaker.
“Voices of Doubt and Trust" (Brentano's) is a com-
pilation of selections (mostly good ones) in prose and
verse from a wide range of modern writers who have
touched upon the fundamental problem of religious
belief. Mr. Volney Streamer is the editor, and his
book is pleasant to handle and to read.
Colonel F. R. Wingate's translation of Slatin Pasha's
“Fire and Sword in the Soudan” has just been reissued
in a popular edition by Mr. Edward Arnold. The book
has been shortened for the present purpose, and made
more strictly personal than before, and the illustrations
are retained.
We have received from the Art Association of Port-
land, Oregon, a neat “ Catalogue of the Corbett Collec-
tion of Casts from Greek and Roman Sculpture
owned by that institution. The book is a compilation
from the similar catalogue of the Boston Museum, with
some additional matter contributed by Mr. Richard
Norton.
Dr. Fridtjof Nansen is to be given a reception by the
Twentieth Century Club on the afternoon of November
17, and will deliver his first public lecture in Chicago on
the evening of that day. The next reception of the club
is set for December 6, upon which occasion Mr. Anthony
Hope Hawkins will discourse on the subject of "Ro-
mance."
Bulwer-Lytton's "The Last Days of Pompeii ” and
Lever's “Charles O'Malley” have been issued in the
“ Illustrated English Library," of which Messrs. G. P.
Putnam's Sons are the American importers. In regard
to illustrations, mecbanical make-up, and cheapness of
price, this series compares favorably with any other line
of reprints of standard fiction now on the market.
Recently published text-books in science include the
following works: “ Practical Electrics” (Spon and
Chamberlain), “a universal handy-book of everyday
electrical matters," now in its fifth edition; “ Popular
Readings in Science” (Longmans) by Messrs. John
Gall and David Robertson, now in its third edition;
“ Laboratory Directions in General Biology” (Holt),
by Dr. Harriet Randolph; “ An Introductory Course in
Quantitative Chemical Analysis " (Ginn), by Dr. Percy
a
»
of the victims of bis impertinence. It would not be so Readings in Science"
bad if only the verses chosen bad any poetical value,
but with the exception of a (misquoted) stanza from
Christine Rossetti and one or two other selections, they
are of the most commonplace and uninspiring character.


1897.]
291
THE DIAL
66
Norton Evans; “ Physical Experiments” (Ginn), a in a duodecimo of seventy-eight pages. It is not a bio-
manual and note book, by Dr. Alfred P. Gage; and graphy, but, as its name implies, an essay ; and it seeks
Physics: The Student's Manual for the Study Room to sketch Sir Walter's character “roughly and crudely ;
and Laboratory” (American Book Co.), by Dr. LeRoy to trace the war of motives which at all times beset
C. Cooley.
him ; to find, in short, in his temper and talents some
The beautiful “Gadshill" edition of Dickens, pub- explanation of the cruel circumstances of his fate.”
lished by Messrs. Chapman & Hall and imported in
And it does all this in a manner with which the reader
this country by Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons, is now can find no fault.
about half completed, the latest addition being “ Dom-
bey and Son" in two volumes. The illustrations and
elegant typography, together with Mr. Lang's prefaces,
should make this edition the standard one for the library.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
The Alumni Association of Franklin and Marshall (The following list, containing 180 titles, includes books
College have begun the publication of an “ Obituary received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
Record” for that century-old institution. The first
number, a volume of nearly two hundred and fifty
GENERAL LITERATURE.
pages, brings the record up to the present year, and
Annals of a Publishing House: William Blackwood and
hereafter annual supplements are promised. One may
his Sons, their Magazine and Friends. By Mrs. Oliphant.
In 2 vols., with portraits, large 8vo, uncut. Charles Scrib-
become a life subscriber to this publication for the sum der's Sons. $10.50.
of two dollars.
The Diary of Master William Silence: A Study of Shakes-
“The Students’ American History," by Mr. D. H.
peare and of Elizabethan Sport. By the Right Hon.
D. H.
Madden. 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 386. Longmans, Green,
Montgomery (Ginn), is a more extensive work than & Co. $4.
the author's "Leading Facts of American History," The Golden Treasury of Songs and Lyrics, Second Series.
and designed for students of somewhat maturer growth.
Selected, with Notes, by Francis T. Palgrave. With vig-
It is an admirable text-book, the product of wide ex-
nette, 16mo, uncut, pp. 275. Macmillan Co. $1.
The Early Life of William Wordsworth, 1770–1798 : A
perience in both teaching and writing, amply illustrated Study of "The Prelude." By Emile Legouis ; trans. by
with the right sort of material, supplied with helps for J. W. Matthews; with Prefatory Note by Leslie Stephen.
further study, and altogether deserving of the highest
With portrait, large 8vo, uncut, pp. 477. Charles Scrib-
ner's Sons. $3.
commendation.
King Arthur and the Table Round: Tales Chiefly after the
Messrs. Ginn & Co. are the publishers of the following Old French of Crestien of Troyes. With an account of
text-books: “The Study of Mediæval History by the
Arthurian romance, and Notes, by William Wells Newell.
Library Method for High Schools," by Mr. M. S. Get-
In 2 vols., 8vo, gilt tops, uncut. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
Boxed, $4.
chell; “ Exercises in Greek Composition,” based on
American Ideals, and Other Essays, Social and Political. By
Xenophon, by Mr. Edwin H. Higley; “ Maldon and Theodore Roosevelt. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 354. G. P.
Brunnanburh," edited by Dr. Charles Langley Crow; Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
and “The Science of Discourse," a rhetoric for bigh A History of French Literature. By Edward Dowden,
D.Litt. 12mo, pp. 444. “Literatures of the World."
schools and colleges, by Mr. Arnold Tompkins. The
D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
latter is a new edition of a work first published eight A Correspondence between John Sterling and Ralph
years ago.
Waldo Emerson. With a sketch of Sterling's life by
Edward Waldo Emerson. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 96.
The following mathematical text-books have just been
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.
received by us: “ A Brief Introduction to the Infinite- Literary Statesmen and Others: Essays on Men Seen from
simal Calculus” (Macmillan), by Dr. Irving Fisher; a Distance. By Norman Hapgood. 12mo, gilt top, uncut,
“The Elements of Geometry" (Holt), by Mr. Henry
pp. 208. H. S. Stone & Co. $1.50.
W. Keigwin; “ Elements of Constructive Geometry
Little Rivers, and The Poetry of Tennyson. By Henry
Van Dyke. Cameo" editions ; each with etched frontis-
(Silver, Burdett & Co.), from the German of Herr K. H.
piece, 18mo, gilt top. Charles Scribner's Song. Per vol.,
Stöcker by Mr. William Noetling; "Famous Problems $1.25.
of Elementary Geometry" (Ginn), from the German of The Charm, and Other Drawing Room Plays. By Walter
Besant and Walter Pollock. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 275.
Dr. F. Klein by Messrs. W. W. Beman and D. E. Smith;
F. A. Stokes Co. $1.
and an “ American Comprehensive Arithmetic” (Amer-
The Beauties of Marie Corelli. Selected and arranged,
ican Book Co.), by Mr. M. A. Bailey.
with the author's permission, by Annie Mackay. 12mo, gilt
Mr. John Osborne Austin, of Providence, has com-
top, uncut, pp. 124. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25.
piled a “ Roger Williams Calendar," in the form of a
Maldon and Brunnanburgh: Two Old English Songs of
Battle. Edited by Charles Langley Crow, Ph.D. 12mo,
substantial volume of 366 pages. Each day of the year pp. 84. Ginn & Co. 65 cts.
bas a pithy extract from the great apostle of liberty of Practical Hints for Young Writers, Readers, and Book
conscience, and a satisfactory index is added. It will Buyers. By Frederic Lawrence Knowles. 12mo, pp. 77.
L. C. Page & Co.
be news to many that Roger Williams now and then
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POPULAR SCIENCE AND SPECIAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Every number will contain a notable article on some scientific theme. Dr. HENRY SMITA WILLIAMS's contributions
will be continued, and interesting articles from Dr. ANDREW Wilson and other specialists will be published during
8
the year.
RICHARD HARDING DAVIs, who has made special studies for the MAGAZINE of the Coronation at Moscow and the last
Inauguration, will contribute to the December number an article on The Diamond Jubilee, superbly illustrated by
R. Caton WOODVILLE,
The growth of The New Northwest will be treated in a strikingly interesting article by J. A. WHEELOCK.
Harper's Magazine, $4.00 a year; 35 cents a copy
New York and London: HARPER & BROTHERS, Publishers


302
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
Harper & Brothers' Books of the Season.
'
6
9
MARCHESI AND MUSIC. Passages from the Life of
a Famous Singing-Teacher. By MATHILDE MARCHESI.
With an introduction by MASSENET. Illustrated. Post
8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, Deckel Edges and Gilt Top,
$2.50.
THE GREAT STONE OF SARDIS. A Novel. By
FRANK R. STOCKTON. Illustrated by PETER NEWELL.
Post 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.50.
JEROME, A POOR MAN. A Novel. By Mary E.
WILKINS, Author of "Jane Field,” “Pembroke," etc.
Illustrated by A. I. KELLER. 16mo, Cloth, Ornamental,
$1.50.
PASTE JEWELS. Being Seven Tales of Domestic Woe.
By John KENDRICK Bangs, Author of “Coffee and Re-
partee," "A House-Boat on the Styx,” etc. With One
Illustration. 16mo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.00.
THE KENTUCKIANS. A Novel. By John Fox, Jr.,
Author of "A Cumberland Vendetta," "Hell fer Sartin,"
eto. Illustrated by W. T. SMEDLEY. Post 8vo, Cloth,
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UNKIST, UNKIND! A Novel. By VIOLET Hunt, Au-
thor of “The Maiden's Progress." Post 8vo, Cloth,
Ornamental, $1.25.
By W. D. HOWELLS:
An Open-Eyed Conspiracy. An Idyl of Saratoga. Post
8vo, Cloth, $1.00.
The Landlord at Lion's Head. A Novel. Illustrated
by W. T. SMEDLEY. Post 8vo, Cloth, $1.75.
THE MARTIAN. A Novel. By GEORGE DU MAURIER,
Author of "Peter Ibbetson," "Trilby,” etc. Illustrated
by the Author. Post dvo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.75 ;
Three-quarter Calf,
$3.50;
Three-quarter Crushed
Levant, $4.50. A Glossary of the French expressions is
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Edition de Luxe, on Hand-made Paper, with Deckel
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Large 8vo, Bound in Vellum. Limited to 500 Numbered
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IN SIMPKINSVILLE. Character Tales. By RUTH
McENERY STUART, Author of “A Golden Wedding,"
“The Story of Babette," eto. Illustrated. Post 8vo,
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OUTLINES IN LOCAL COLOR. Stories. By BRANDER
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THE PAINTED DESERT. A Story of Northern Ari-
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MY STUDIO NEIGHBORS. By WILLIAM HAMILTON
GIBSON, Author of "Eye Spy," 'Sharp Eyes," etc.
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“ ALL HANDS." Pictures of Life in the United States
Navy. By Rufus FAIRCHILD ZOGBAUM, Author of “Horse,
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STUART AND BAMBOO. A Novel. By Mrs. S. P.
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WHITE MAN'S AFRICA. By POULTNEY BIGELOW.
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THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. By Justin H. Ma-
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ARS RECTE VIVENDI. Being Essays written for
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THE SHEPHEARD'S CALENDAR. By EDMUND
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CELEBRATED TRIALS. By HENRY LAUREN CLIN-
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SCHOOL-BOY LIFE IN ENGLAND. By JOHN COR-
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FROM A GIRL'S POINT OF VIEW. By LILIAN
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LOCHINVAR. A Novel. By S. R. CROCKETT, Author
of “The Men of the Moss-Hags," "The Gray Man," etc.
Illustrated by T. DE THULSTRUP. Post 8vo, Cloth, Orna-
mental, $1.50.
JOHN LEIGHTON, Jr. A Novel. By KATRINA TRASK.
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HARPER'S CONTEMPORARY ESSAYISTS:
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The Personal Equation. By HARRY THURSTON
PECK.
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How to Tell a Story, and Other Essays. By MARK
TWAIN.
Book and Heart: Essays on Literature and Life. By
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The Relation of Literature to Life. By CHARLES
DUDLEY WARNER.
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Aspects of Fiction, and Other Ventures in Criticism.
By BRANDER MATTHEWS.
A HISTORY OF METHODISM. By JAMES M. BUCK-
LEY. In Two Volumes. With over 100 Portraits and
Views. 8vo, Cloth, $5.00. New Edition.
New York and London: HARPER & BROTHERS, Publishers.


1897.]
303
THE DIAL
“ In a country unsurpassed for magazines, • The Century' stands unsurpassed.” — Chicago Tribune.
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TENNYSON AND HIS FRIENDS
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AT FRESHWATER.
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Doc Sifers," begun in November.
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1897.]
305
THE DIAL
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06
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
ST. NICHOLAS
For Young Folks.
R
CONDUCTED BY MARY MAPES DODGE.
T.
-of la
zine for boys and girls with its November number. The publishers believe that it will pass the
quarter of a century mark with a volume unsurpassed - if even equaled — by any other volume of
the whole twenty-five. The most important serials are:
THE JUST-SO” STORIES.
By RUDYARD KIPLING.
UDYARD KIPLING'S first “ Jungle Stories” were written for ST. NICHOLAS, and this year he
to be read to boys and girls “just so." Old and young will enjoy them together.
“THE BUCCANEERS OF OUR COAST.”
By FRANK R. STOCKTON.
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" TWO BIDDICUT BOYS,”
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By J. T. TROWBRIDGE.
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A Romance of Chivalry.
A Fairy Tale of Science.
“ WITH THE BLACK PRINCE.”
“ THROUGH THE EARTH."
By W. 0. Stoddard.
By Clement Fezandié.
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" THE LAKERIM ATHLETIC CLUB," A STORY OF TRACK AND FIELD.
By RUPERT HUGHES. The writer tells in lively, humorous style of a year of sports as carried out by some
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SHORT STORIES BY FAMOUS WRITERS.
MANY of the short stories St. Nicholas has published in the past have already become juvenilo classics,
and the promise of the coming year in this respect is most flattering. Contributions in prose and verse
have been promised by many well-known authors, including Ruth McENERY STUART, IAN MACLAREN,
JAMES WHITCOMB RILEY, Mrs. REBECCA HARDING DAVIs.
THE ARTISTIC ILLUSTRATIONS
Of St. NICHOLAS have been always one of its best and most educating features. The leading artists illus-
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1897.]
307
THE DIAL
Three Juveniles by Famous Authors.
Three Margarets. The Boys of Fort Under the Cuban Flag
By LAURA E. RICHARDS.
Schuyler.
By FRED. A. OBER.
By JAMES OTIS.
By the author of “ Travels in
By the author of "Captain January."
Mexico," etc. Illustrated with full-
An intensely interesting historical
Illustrated by
story, dealing with the siege of Fort page drawings. A thrilling story of
ETHELDRED B. BARRY. Schuyler in the Mohawk Valley in
adventures with the Cuban insur-
1777 by the British troops and gents.
It is one of the most clever sto-
Indians. It is unquestionably one 0 l The author has travelled over
ries for girls that the author has
of the best historical Indian stories
nearly every foot of ground in Cuba,
written.
ever written.
Handsomely illus-
and is thoroughly posted on the sub-
One volume, square 16mo.
trated. Square 12mo, cloth, hand-
ject. Small 8vo, handsome cover
some cover design.
design.
$1.25.
$1.25.
$1.50.
Hildegarde's Harvest.
By LAURA E. RICHARDS. A new volume of the Hildegarde Series. The
best books for girls in the market. Illustrated with eight full-page cuts. Square 16mo, cloth
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The City of Stories. By Frank M. BICKNELL, author of “ The Apprentice Boy.” Illustrated with
over thirty drawings by BIRCH and other eminent artists. Square 12mo, unique cover design . . $1.25
Mr. Bicknell is well known to the readers of St. Nicholas and Harper's Young People as the author of many clever fairy
tales, which have appeared from time to time in the pages of these magazines. The best of them have been collected in book
form and are published with nearly all of the original illustrations under the above title.
Chatterbox for 1897. The King of Juveniles. The only genuine Chatterbox, containing over 400
pages, including over 200 full-page original illustrations. Small 4to, illuminated board covers $1.25
Six handsomely colored plates are contained in the volume this year, and the volume is SEWED instead of wired as
heretofore.
The Heart of Old Hickory and Other Stories of Tennessee. By WILL ALLEN DROMGOOLE. A
collection of six short stories by this gifted Southern author. 1 vol., tall 16mo, gilt top
$1.25
Tennessee has just reason to be proud of the little authoress who has depicted so many phases of humble life within her
borders with such fidelity, such delicacy, and such rare pathos and humor.
case
NEW HOLIDAY GIFT BOOKS. .
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A handsome new illustrated edition of this famous and noble book, which ranks, and deservedly, as one of the author'
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At the Gates of Song. By LLOYD MIFFLIN. Illustrated with ten full-page drawings by the
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author's best sonnets, many of which have appeared in the leading magazines. Artistically printed on enfie ld
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The above books are for sale by all booksellers, or will be sent, postpaid, on receipt of price, by
ESTES & LAURIAT, Publishers, Boston.


308
[Dec. 1
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THOMAS NELSON & SONS'
NEW GIFT-BOOKS FOR THE HOLIDAYS
1897-1898.
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.
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1897.]
309
THE DIAL
NELSON'S NEW SERIES OF
TEACHERS' BIBLES.
NEW ILLUSTRATIONS.
NEW HELPS.
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These Teachers' Bibles contain new Bible Helps, entitled “The Illustrated
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UPWARDS OF 350 ILLUSTRATIONS
Of Ancient Monuments, Scenes in Bible Lands, Animals, Plants, Antiquities,
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7
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dozen of new up-to-date maps, fully colored and indexed, are superb. . . . Is nearest the ideal
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new provision for the Bible student.” (August 13, 1897.)
.
For sale by all Booksellers at prices from $1.50 to $7.00. Write for a Complete List,
giving sizes of Type, etc.
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NEW YORK.


310
[Dec. 1,
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J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY'S
Important Holiday Publications.
HEIRLOOMS IN MINIATURES.
By ANNE HOLLINGSWORTH WHARTON. With a chapter on Miniature Painting by Emily Drayton Taylor.
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Anne Hollingsworth Wharton has produced a volume on Miniatures, their painters, and the distinguished old families
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Revolutionary eras.' The volume is full of effective reproductions of miniature likenesses of the past generations, and it is
rendered of present value to the many now engaged in this exquisite art by a chapter on the technique of miniature painting
by Emily D. Taylor, whose lovely work has recently been crowned by appearance in the Paris Salon.
MEN, WOMEN, AND MANNERS IN COLONIAL TIMES.
By SYDNEY GEORGE FISHER. Illustrated with four photogravures and numerous head and tail sketches in each
volume. Two volumes. Satine, in a box, $3.00; half calf or half morocco, $6.00.
How many of us realize what the life of our forefathers was really like? How many know of the sharp contrasts between
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their fears, their lives, their deaths ? The fullest study and the most entertaining volumes on the subject are these by Mr.
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ABBOTT'S FIRESIDE AND FOREST LIBRARY.
Travels in a Tree Top.
The Freedom of the Fields.
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Nature books there are galore, but Mr. Skinner has opened a new field. Never has so much human interest and amuse-
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wandered over its surface, bis keen observation, genial humor, and thoughtful mind have been quite as much awake to what
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LIFE OF WAGNER.
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THE WORKS OF FRANCOIS RABELAIS.
Translated by Sir Thomas URQUHART and PETER MOTTEUX, with the notes of Duchat, Ozell and others. Intro
duction and revision by ALFRED Wallis. A New Edition. Five volumes. 16mo, cloth, $5.00; half calf
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Upon receipt of card mentioning The Dial, we will take pleasure in sending you our Illustrated Christmas Catalogue.
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, 715-717 Market Street, Philadelphia.


1897.)
311
THE DIAL
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY'S
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Originally edited by JOSEPH THOMAS, M.D., LL.D.,
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312
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
ATTRACTIVE HOLIDAY BOOKS.
Astoria ;
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Or, Anecdotes of an Enterprise Beyond the Rocky To the Homes of Famous Women. By ELBERT
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Uniform with the above :
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Little Journeys to the Homes of American Authors.
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dition to Babylonia, in the years 1888-1890. By JOHN
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covers handsomely stamped in gold on both sides, $2.00.
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Some Colonial Homesteads
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Preservation and Reconstruction, 1822–
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1885. By Col. WILLIAM CONANT CHURCH,
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Professor of History in the Washington and
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1897.]
313
THE DIAL
Francis P. Harper's Fall Books and Recent Publications.
Prof. Danl. Giraud Elliot's Popular Ornithological Books.
Written for the Naturalist, Sportsman, and Lorer of Birds.
Just Published.
Second Edition.
GAME BIRDS OF AMERICA.
NORTH AMERICAN SHORE BIRDS.
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Prof. Elliott Coues' Works on Western Exploration.
NEW LIGHT ON THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE GREAT
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Important hitherto unpublished Journals of Alex. Henry, Fur
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EARLY LONG ISLAND WILLS of Suffolk County, 1691-1703. An
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ONE OF THE MOST CHARMING OF THE HOLIDAY JUVENILES."
FAIRY TALES FROM THE FAR NORTH.
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Mr. Braekstad's previous volume is the best guarantee for the present book. The tales are accompanied by nearly one hundred fanciful and
characteristic drawings by the Norwegian artists Werenskiold, Kittelsen, and Sinding. The book is attractively bound, with cover design of jolly
little kobolds, and in interior and exterior is one of the most charming of the holiday juveniles." — Publishers' Weekly,
THE MUSIC OF THE SOUL.
“A SUMPTUOUS ART WORK."
Daily Readings for a Year from the Writings of Rev.
MEISSONIER: HIS LIFE AND HIS ART.
ALEXANDER MACLAREN, D.D. One vol., 12mo, cloth, gilt
Illustrated with 38 full-page plates, in photogravure or in color, printed
in Paris, and 200 illustrations in the text in black and tint, reproduc-
top, $1.50.
ing all Meissonier's finest works. 1 vol., royal 8vo, illuminated
“In this go-ahead age amid much unrest and change it is well to cloth, uncut edges (in box), $12; 3-4 crushed levant (in box), $18.
have occasional seasons for devotional reading. The writings of Dr. “Wood-engraving, half-tones, and photogravure, together with
Maclaren are brimful of devotional feeling and stimulating thought. colored plates, are lavished in this sumptuous edition. The book is
His are words that burn.'"
almost unexampled in the quantity and quality of its illustrations."
For sale by all Booksellers, or by the Publishers. Illustrated Circular on application.
- Churchman.
A. C. ARMSTRONG & SON, 51 EAST TENTH STREET, NEW YORK.
PRINCIPLES OF VOCAL EXPRESSION
AND MENTAL TECHNIQUE AND LITERARY INTERPRETATION.
By W. B. CHAMBERLAIN, A.M., of the Chicago Theological Seminary; and
S. H. CLARK, Ph.B., of the University of Chicago.
The principles of vocal expression lie not in any mechanical rules, but in the last analysis in the thoughts and feelings
of the speaker. Whoever would understand the philosophy of expression and the rules which govern it, must, therefore,
first learn how to think and feel with the author whom he would interpret. The speaker must KNOW the mind and heart
of the writer in order to give vocal expression to his literary creations; and must be so far master of the art of expression as
to make his own thoughts and feelings most forceful to another. This theory has produced the new book on the methods or
principles of expression by Professors Chamberlain and Clark. The authors do not claim that they are in everything original,
but they believe that they have suggested certain principles of study and certain methods of practice for public speakers and
readers, which have not heretofore been stated in the form here given them.
Large 12mo. Cloth. Gilt side stamp. 500 pages.
Price, $1.50 net. Postpaid.
SCOTT, FORESMAN & CO., Publishers, 378.388 Wabash Ave., Chicago.


314
(Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.'s Holiday Books.
Tuscan Songs.
Tbe Story of Jesus Christ.
Collected, translated, and illustrated by FRANCESCA By ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS, author of “ A Singular
ALEXANDER. With 108 superb, bigbly artistic, full- Life," etc. With 24 beautiful illustrations selected
page designs. Large quarto, $25.00, net.
from the best works of modern masters. Crown
Edition de Luxe, limited to 50 numbered copies,
8vo, $2.00.
each with Miss Alexander's autograph and artist's
A book of very remarkable interest and significance. It
proof illustrations. Large quarto, $100 00 net.
is not a formal biography, but presents very effectively those
One of the most important and attractive publications since
shining acts and experiences in the life of Jesus which most
signalized the loftiness of his nature, the depth of his sympa-
Vedder's great illustrated edition of The Rubaiyát of Omar
thy, the loyal adjustment of his will to the Supreme.
Khayyam appeared.
The Critical Period of American History,
Aldrich's Works.
1783-1789.
Complete Poetical and Prose Works of THOMAS BAILEY
ALDRICH. New Riverside Edition, thoroughly re-
By JOHN FISKE. Illustrated Edition. With about
vised by the author. (Sold only in sets.) Poems in
170 Illustrations, comprising Portraits, Maps, Fac-
2 vols., 12mo, with portraits, $3.00 ; Prose Works
similes, Contemporary Views, Prints, and other
in 6 vols., 12mo, with another portrait, $9.00. Com-
Historical Materials. 8vo, $4.00 ; half calf, gilt
plete Works, 8 vols., 12mo, $12.00.
top, or balf-polished morocco, $6.25.
This volume is illustrated in the same style as the “Ameri- | Life and Letters of Harriet Beecher Stowe
can Revolution" published last year.
A biography of very great attraction, and well worthy
Walden.
of its illustrious subject, by Mrs. JAMES T. FIELDS,
author of " Authors and Friends.” With a portrait.
By HENRY D. THOREAU. Holiday Edition. A very 12mo, $2.00.
interesting edition of Thoreau's most characteristic
book, with an Introduction by BRADFORD TORREY,
Memories of Hawthorne.
and 30 full-page photogravure Illustrations, includ- A book of very uncommon personal and literary inter-
ing Walden Views, Concord Views, Portraits, etc. est, by his daughter, Rose HAWTHORNE LATHROP.
2 vols., 12mo, $5.00.
With a new portrait of Hawthorne. Crown 8vo,
Old Virginia and Her Neighbours.
gilt top, $2.00.
By John FISKE. 2 vols. Crown 8vo, gilt top, $4.00.
Cambridge Burns.
These volumes cover the settlement and growth of Vir- The Complete Poetical Works of ROBERT BURNS.
ginia, Maryland, the Carolinas and Georgia, nearly to the Uniform with the Cambridge Editions of Long-
Revolution. It is a most interesting story, and has never fellow, Whittier, Holmes, Lowell, and Browning.
before been told with the critical insight, the philosophic With a Biographical and Critical Essay. Nutes and
grasp, and the distinct literary charm with which it is here Indexes to Titles and First Lines, Glossary, etc.
told by Mr. Fiske.
With a fine portrait of Burns and an engraved title-
The Ruins and Excavations of
page containing a view of Burns's home. 8vo, gilt
top, $2.00.
Ancient Rome.
Evangeline.
By RODOLFO LANCIANI, author of “ Ancient Rome in
the Light of Modern Discoveries," " Pagan and
By HENRY W. LONGFELLOW. New Holiday Edition.
Christian Rome," etc. With numerous Illustrations
A beautiful book, with an Introduction by Miss
ALICE M. LONGFELLOW, and 10 fine full-page Illus-
and 17 maps and plans. Crown 8vo, $4.00.
A book of remarkable value and interest, especially to
trations, and 12 head and tail pieces in Color, by
pupils of HowARD PYLE. 8vo, handsomely bound,
students and travelers.
$2.50.
Little-Folk Lyrics.
Gondola Days.
By FRANK DEMPSTER SHERMAN, author of “Lyrics A charming book on Venice and its attractions, by F.
for a Lute," etc. Holiday Edition. A beautiful HOPKINSON SMITH, author of • Tom Grogan,"
book of very charming poems for children, with 16 “Colonel Carter of Cartersville," etc. With illus-
exquisite Illustrations. 12mo, $1.50.
trations by the author. 12mo, $1.50.
The Young Mountaineers.
Being a Boy.
Short Stories. By Charles EGBERT CRADDOCK (Mary By CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER. With an Introduc-
N. Murfree). With Illustrations. 12mo, $1.50. tion and 32 full-page Illustrations from photographs
Stories of adventure in the mountains of East Tennessee. by CLIFTON JOHNSON. 12mo, gilt top, $2.00.
They all have boys for heroes, and are told in a highly dra- Mr. Warner's charming book is supplemented with capital
matio manner.
pictures of rural boy life.
Sold by all Booksellers, or sent postpaid by
HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & COMPANY, BOSTON.


1897.]
315
THE DIAL
Houghton, Mifflin & Company.
Ву
Emerson-Sterling Letters.
The Westward Movement.
A little book of singular interest, containing twenty The Colonies and the Republic West of the Alleghanies,
Letters of Ralph Waldo Emerson and John Sterling. 1763–1798. With full Cartographical Illustrations
Edited, with a Sketch of Sterling's Life, by EDWARD from Contemporary Sources. By Justin WINSOR.
WALDO EMERSON. 16mo, $1.00.
8vo, gilt top, $4.00.
This volume completes the story begin by Dr.
Gleanings in 'Buddba Fields.
Winsor in “ Cartier to Frontenac" (1534-1700), and
Another volume of acute and sympathetic interpretation continued in “ The Mississippi Basin” (1697-1763),
of Japanese life and character. By LAFCADIO HEARN, illustrating American History in its Geographical Re-
author of “Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan." 16mo, lations from the time of Columbus to the beginning of
$1.25.
this century. The three volumes are eloquent wit-
Seven on the Highway.
nesses to Dr. Winsor's tireless research ; they are very
rich in old maps ; and they form a repository of his-
A group of seven capital stories by BLANCHE WILLIS
toric material of great and permanent value.
HOWARD, author of “One Summer.” 16mo, $1.25.
The Story of an Untold Love.
Nineteentb Century Questions.
By JAMES FREEMAN CLARKE, D D., author of “ Ten
A charming love story, by Paul LEICESTER FORD,
Great Religions," etc. Crown 8vo, $1.50.
author of "The Honorable Peter Stirling," etc. $1.25.
This volume contains fifteen papers selected for pub-
The Federal Judge.
lication by Dr. Clarke before his death. They cover
a wide range of topics, and are all stamped with the
A Novel by CHARLES K. Losh. “ Likely to make as
ripe thought, the breadth of outlook, and the rare
big a hit as the · Honorable Peter Stirling.'”_Boston sweetness of spirit, which distinguished his writings
Transcript. $1.25.
and his life.
The Revolt of a Daughter.
Seven Puzzling Bible Books.
A thoroughly interesting and charmingly written love A Supplement to “ Who Wrote the Bible ?”
story, by ELLEN Olney Kirk, author of “ The Story WASHINGTON GLADDEN, D.D. 16mo, $1.25.
of Margaret Kent." $1.25.
Familiar and illuminating lectures on certain books
of the Bible which in various ways puzzle their read-
A Browning Courtship, and other Stories.
ers, — Judges, Esther, Job, Ecclesiastes, The Sung of
A group of charming stories, by ELIZA ORNE WHITE, Songs, Daniel, and Jonah.
author of "Winterborough," “ The Coming of
Theodora,” « When Molly was Six,” “ A Little Girl Tbe Tbeology of an Evolutionist.
of Long Ago," etc. 16mo, $1.25.
By LYMAN ABBOTT, author of « Evolution and Chris-
tianity,” “Christianity and Social Problems.” 16mo,
An Unwilling Maid.
$1.25.
A capital story of the Revolution, for girls. By JEANIE
An important book, showing that Evolution is the
Gould LINCOLN, author of “ Marjorie's Quest,” “ A Divine Law of Progress and wholly harmonious with
Genuine Girl," etc. With illustrations. 16mo, $1.25. Christian Faith.
Diana Victrix.
Inequality and Progress.
By FLORENCE CONVERSE. 16mo, $1.25.
By GEORGE HARRIS, D.D., author of “ Moral Evolu-
This is a welcome addition to the novels we owe in tion.” 16mo, $1.25.
these later years to Southern authors.
Nature's Diary.
Uncle 'Lisba's Outing.
Compiled by FRANCIS H. ALLEN. With eight full-
By ROWLAND E. Robinson, author of " Danvis Folks,” page illustrations, $1.25.
“ In New England Fields and Woods.” 16mo, $1.25. This is a new and delightful kind of year-book. It
comprises quotable sentences for every day in the year
Three Partners;
from the writings of Thoreau, Burroughs, Torrey,
Or, The Big Strike on Heavy-Tree Hill. By BRET Emerson, Whittier, and many others.
HARTE. 16mo, $1.25.
A Dictionary of American Authors.
The Juggler.
By Oscar FAY ADAM8. Crown 8vo, $3.00.
By CHARLES EGBERT CRADDOCK. 16mo, $1.25.
An indispensable book of reference, with sketches of
“ The Juggler" is one of the most dramatic and over 6,000 authors and mention of their characteristic
powerful novels Miss Murfree has yet written.
books.
Sold by all Booksellers, or sent postpaid by
HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & COMPANY, BOSTON,


316
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
THE DECEMBER
ATLANTIC
THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL NOVEL.
By PAUL LEICESTER FORD
Mr. FORD, himself a novelist and historian, makes an interesting estimate of
American historical novels, their scope and value.
LITERARY LONDON TWENTY YEARS AGO.
By THOMAS WENTWORTH HIGGINSON
A charming reminiscence of the author's early London visits ; his meeting
with Arnold, Browning, Carlyle, Tennyson, Du Maurier, and others. The
English notion of an American twenty years ago.
FROM A MATTRESS GRAVE.
By I. ZANGWILL
A pathetic story, half fiction and half fact, describing the last hours and
death-bed scene of the poet Heine.
THE GREATEST OF THESE.
By HENRY B. FULLER
A brilliant short story, the scene of which is laid in Sicily.
Among other contributions are further chapters of F. Hopkinson Smith's
serial, CALEB WEST, and Mrs. Wiggin's PENELOPE'S PROG-
RESS; also a notable review of the foremost novels of the year.
IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT FOR 1898.
In the number for January, 1898, will appear the opening chapters of a new
serial novel, THE BATTLE OF THE STRONG, by Mr. Gilbert
Parker. It will be recalled that the Atlantic published Mr. Parker's
successful Seats of the Mighty.
Following his delightful series, Cheerful Yesterdays, Col.T. W. Higginson
will contribute some chapters relating to his life as a man of letters. He will
recall his early visits and literary associations in London and Paris, and
recount his experiences as a popular orator on the platform and the stump.
Mrs. Julia Ward Howe will also contribute her recollections of notable
men and women.
SPECIAL OFFER.
Upon receipt of 50 cents The Atlantic Monthly will be sent for a trial sub-
scription of three months. Upon receipt of $4.00 the magazine will be sent
for 1898, and the October, November, and December issues of 1897 will be
sent free. The October number, the Fortieth Anniversary Issue, contained
the opening installments of F. Hopkinson Smith's new serial, Caleb West, and
Kate Douglas Wiggin's Penelope's Progress.
We have now in preparation a history of the forty years' life of the
magazine, together with extracts from what the press of the country have
said about the October number. This will be sent free upon application.
35 cents a copy.
Sample copy free upon application.
$4.00 a year.
4 Park Street. HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO. Boston, Mass.


1897.]
31'
THE DIAL
Charles Scribner's Sons' New Books
RECENTLY PUBLISHED.
THIS COUNTRY OF OURS. By Benjamin Harrison,
Ex-President of the United States.
12mo, $1.50.
"Nowhere could there be found a volume better adapted to popular uses than this com-
pendium of one of the wisest of our Presidents. . . . These chapters possess . . . a per-
manent value."-New York Tribune.
LONDON: As Seen by C. D. Gibson.
Written and illustrated by CHARLES DANA GIBson. Handsomely bound, with
a characteristic cover. Large folio, 12x18 inches, $5.00.
Edition de Lure, limited to 250 first impressions of the book, with special features, $10 net.
Mr. Gibson's London scenes include many of the most striking phases of life in that great
metropolis, and his facile pen bas depicted everything which is most characteristic, with the
result of presenting a panorama of London views full of color and feeling. The plates of all
the illustrations which appeared in Scribner's Magazine have been remade, and much new
and unpublished material added, so that this is practically a new presentation of the subject.
The book is Mr. Gibson's most important work thus far, and is of the greatest interest.
OLD CREOLE DAYS. By George W. Cable.
With 8 full-page illustrations and 14 head and tail pieces by ALBERT HERTER,
all reproduced in photogravure, and with an original cover design by the same
artist. 8vo, $6.00.
A few copies still left of the Special Limited Edition on Japan paper. Each $12 net.
This edition of Mr. Cable's masterpiece is a most remarkable achievement. Mr. Herter's
illustrations, while charmingly in key with the stories, are exquisite in their firmness, grace,
and feeling, and the volume, with its wide margins, fine paper, and beautiful printing, really
marks an epoch in the art of book-making on this side the water, and forms an ideal gift-book.
THE FIRST CHRISTMAS-TREE. By Henry Van Dyke.
With full page illustrations by HOWARD PYLE, reproduced in photogravure,
decorative borders and illuminated title. 8vo, $1.50.
Dr. Van Dyke is here in his happiest vein, for his keen feeling for nature and his deep
religious sense have combined to render this story, dealing as it does with the transition to
Christianity from primitive savagery, vivid and moving in the extreme. The illustrations by
Mr. Howard Pyle are noteworthy examples of that artist's sterling and satisfactory work.
ST. Ives. By Robert Louis Stevenson.
Being the Adventures of a French Prisoner in England. Fourth Edition.
12mo, $1.50.
“Neither Stevenson himself nor any one else has given us a better example of a dashing
story full of life and color and interest." - The Times, London.
VASARI'S LIVES OF THE PAINTERS. By Giorgio Vasari.
Edited in the light of recent discoveries by E. H. and E. W. BLASHFIELD and
A. A. HOPKINS. 4 vols., 8vo, $8.00.
This is in the best sense a popular set of books, and deserves to be successful. : . . They
will be held invaluable wherever Italian art is studied with diligent interest."- N. Y. Tribune.
MRS. KNOLLYS, And Other Stories. By F. J. Stimson,
("J.S. of Dale"), Author of “Guerndale," " First Harvests," " King Noanett,"
etc. 12mo, $1.50.
There is a flavor about Mr. Stimson's stories that is all his own. “First Harvests," "The
Residuary Legatee,” “Guerndale," "The Crime of Henry Vane," "In the Three Zones,"
etc., could have been written by no one but "J. S. of Dale," and the present volume contains
some of his best work, including two new stories.
SELECTED POEMS. By George Meredith.
Arranged by the author and including all his most popular work. With portrait,
12mo, $1.75.
A CAPITAL COURTSHIP. By Alexander Black.
Illustrated from the author's camera. 12mo, $1.00.
The present volume is an elaboration of Mr. Black's unique "picture play,” using selec-
tions from the series of remarkably entertaining photographs made from life by the author,
and including_snap-shots of such prominent men as ex-President Cleveland, Speaker Reed,
President McKinley, Sir Julian Pauncefote, etc.
New Edition, uniform with the above.
MISS JERRY. A Love Story. By ALEXANDER BLACK. Dlustrated. 12mo, $1.00.
THE TORMENTOR. By Benjamin Swift.
Author of " Nancy Noon.” 12mo, $1.50.
A successor to that remarkable and much-discussed novel, “Nancy Noon," will be received
with intense interest ; and “The Tormentor" will be found quite as original a story, both in
its substance and in the telling. It is even more powerful in the serious and intense feeling
that the author expresses in such an individual way.
Fifth Edition. NANCY NOON. 12mo, $1.50.
TAKEN BY SIEGE. A Novel. By Jeannette L. Gilder,
Editor of The Critic. 12mo, $1.25.
Miss Gilder, the well known editor of The Critic, has here written a captivating love story.
The scene is laid in New York City, and, the principal character being connected with The
Dawn, while the heroine is an opera singer, the book contains especially interesting and faith-
ful studies of life in a newspaper office and upon the stage.
JUST READY.
The Workers.
An Experiment in Reality. The East.
By WALTER A. WYCKOFF. With
illustrations. 12mo, $1.25.
This most unusual book tells the experi-
ences of a college bred man who for two years
earned his living as an unskilled laborer in
order to find out for himself the actual condi-
tions of the American workingmen. In
addition to their great literary charm, Mr.
Wyckoff's pages are full of interest to the
student of social problems, for he describes
with graphic effect his life as a day laborer, a
hotel porter, a farm hand, and a lumberman.
Gloria Victis.
By J. A. MITCHELL (Editor of Life).
12mo, $1.25.
Mr. Mitchell, well known as the editor of
Life, and as the author of the very popular
“Amos Judd," "That First Affair," etc.,
here presents his most serious and important
literary work so far. Certain phases of New
York life have never been so sharply etched
as in this charmingly written novel and roman-
tic tale, and there is a mystic and spiritual
sentiment underlying the narrative that wit-
nesses a literary intention of novel and peculiar
power.
Twelve Naval Captains.
Being a Record of Certain Americans
who Made Themselves Immortal.
By MOLLY ELLIOT SEAWELL, author
of “The Sprightly Romance of Mar-
sac." 12mo, $1.25.
It would be difficult to find a more effective
subject for younger readers than the exploits
of our early naval heroes, and Miss Seawell has
handled her material ably. She tells of John
Paul Jones, Stephen Decatur, O. H. Perry,
Thomas Macdonough, etc., in a way that makes
these names living personalities, with all the
dash and picturesqueness belonging to their
time and calling
Life's Comedy.
(Second Series.) By various Artists.
Containing nearly 150 drawings from
Life. 4to, $1.50.
This handsome volume is a companion to
the “ First Series " already published. It is
divided into four parts, “Belles and Beaux,"
“In Cupid's Realm," "Fads and Fancies,"
“Out of Doors," and has all the sparkle and
cleverness of the periodical from which its
contents have been culled.
His Grace of Osmonde.
By FRANCES HODGSON BURNETT.
Being a portion of that nobleman's life
omitted from the narrative given to
the world of fashion under the title of
"A Lady of Quality.” 12mo, $1.50.
Already in its Twentieth Thousand.
“A Lady of Quality," now in its twenty-sixth
thousand, is here followed by what is probably
a unique experiment in fiction - the volume
containing the man's side of a story, the wom-
an's side of which has been already told.
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 153-157 Fifth Avenue, New York.


318
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
SCRIBNER'S MAGAZINE
FOR 1898
This is a Partial* Announcement for Next Year:
(6
“ The Story of the Revolution," THOMAS NELSON PAGE'S FIRST LONG
NOVEL,
By SENATOR HENRY Cabot LODGE, will run
throughout 1898 as one of the leading features. Red Rock - A Chronicle of
The author of "The Life of Washington " under-
Reconstruction,”
took this large work with two ideas in view : (1)
Will be Scribner's leading fiction serial during '98.
To present the fight for American independence Mr. Page has hitherto written of the Old South or
- not as a dry history but a vivid picture of vital
the New South; he now writes, with all the rich-
struggle reproducing the atmosphere and feeling
ness of color that has gained him so much affec-
of the time. (2) To make clear the historical
tion, the novel of the era when the Old South
significance and proportion of the events described.
was lost forever and the New South had not yet
(For the first time all the modern art forces and
found itself. Mr. Page has devoted four years to
resources will be brought to bear upon the Revo.
lution. Howard Pyle and a corps of artists began will be illustrated by B. West Clinedinst).
the story, and he considers it his best work. (It
work
upon
it last summer.)
The Workers.”
CAPTAIN A. T. MAHAN'S
WALTER A. WYCKOFF, the college graduate who
“The American Navy in the
became a day-laborer in order to learn the truth
Revolution”
about the working classes, will continue the story
Will be a group of articles written to complement of his two years' experiment. In '98 he will tell
“ The Story of the Revolution.” They will deal about his experience with laborers and anarchists
largely with the romantic side of our sea-fighting. | in Chicago and the problems of organized labor.
(They will be illustrated by Carlton T. Chapman, (Fully illustrated by W. R. Leigh.)
Harry Fenn, and some of the same artists that
are at work on “The Revolution.”)
Senator Hoar's Political Reminiscences.
SENATOR Hoar is a shrewd observer and a witty
ROBERT GRANT'S
writer, and he has been in public life for forty-five
Search-Light Letters”
years.
Are his replies to various letters that were brought
in to him in consequence of his “ Reflections of a
Bits of Europe in America."
Married Man" and "The Opinions of a Philoso- The three most typical European settlements in
pher.” They are written with his characteristic this country have been studied by three women
humor combined with uncommon sense.
writers, Octave Thanet, Cornelia Atwood Pratt,
and Elia W. Peattie. (Fully illustrated.)
“Life at Girls' Colleges,"
Like the articles on “ Undergraduate Life at Har-
Short Fiction.
vard, Princeton, and Yale," will tell of the manners, RUDYARD KIPLING, GEORGE W.CABLE, KENNETH
customs, and life of various American college girls. GRAHAME, and others, are under engagement to
(Richly illustrated.)
contribute short stories during 1898.
* The full prospectus in small book form, printed in colors, with illustrations (cover and decorations by Marfield Parrish),
will be sent upon application.
PRICE, $3.00 A YEAR, 25 CENTS A NUMBER. CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, NEW YORK.


1897.]
319
THE DIAL
THE CHRISTMAS SCRIBNER
war.
(The Christmas [December] Scribner is now on sale.)
FROST BAS DRAWN THE CHRISTMAS FRONTISPIECE (A SCENE FROM PICKWICK").
MAXFIELD PARRISH HAS DESIGNED A QUAINT CHRISTMAS COVER IN NINE COLORS.
RUDYARD KIPLING'S stirring poem, " The Feet of the Young Men” - the song of the human
longing for the wilderness. Decorations by HENRY McCARTER.
A CHRISTMAS LOSS, by Henry van Dyke — the story of an early-century Christmas. Illustrated
elaborately by CORWIN KNAPP LINSON.
JOEL CHANDLER HARRIS'S “ A Run of Lack”. a dramatic story of twenty years before the
Illustrated by F. C. Yoan.
JAMES WHITCOMB RILEY contributes an unusual poem opon ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON.
With a hitherto unpublished portrait.
• THE WORKERS,” WALTER A. WYCKOFF's fifth paper. “In a Logging Camp.” Illustrated by
E. POTTHAST.
SIR E. J. POYNTER, the new president of the Royal Academy - the subject of a notable paper
by Cosmo MONKHOUSE. With twenty reproductions from his works.
“ SQUIRE KAYLEY'S CONCLUSIONS ”- by SARAH BARNWELL ELLIOTT, a story of a Southern
point of bonor. Illustrated by W. A. CLARK.
A PENSION LOVE STORY-by ROBERT HERRICK. With exquisite drawings by HENRY MOCARTER.
“A GUILTY CONSCIENCE” a humorous tale by WILLIAM MAYNADIER BROWNE. Illustrated
by PETER NEWELL.
THE OTHER CONTENTS will be made up of short stories and poems of an appropriate nature for
a Christmas number. There will also appear in this number:
• THE POSING OF VIVETTE a poem by J. RUSSELL TAYLOR. With eight pastels in color
by A. B. WENZELL — the wood-block for each separate tint engraved by FLORIAN.
[A partial announcement for the coming year may be found on the opposite page. The full prospectus in
small book form, in colors, with cover and decorations by Maxfeld Parrish, will be sent upon application.]
Price, $3.00 a year, 25 cts. a number. Charles Scribner's Sons, 153-157 Fifth Ave., New York.
-
AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY.
Koopman's Mastery of Books.
McCaskey's Lincoln Literary Collection.
Hints on Reading and the Use of Libraries. By HARRY Edited by J. P. MOCASKEY. Cloth, 12mo, 576 pages.
LYMAN KOOPMAN, A.M., Librarian of Brown University, Price, $1.00.
Cloth, 12mo, 214 pages. Price, 90 cents.
Containing more than six hundred choice selections in prose and
poetry, including selections for Arbor Day, Author's Day. Decoration
Alexander's Brief History of the Hawaiian bay, and other public occasions. Designed for the schoolroom and
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THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
No. 275.
DECEMBER 1, 1897. Vol. XXIII.
CONTENTS.
PAGB
.
.
CONTENTS - Books for the Young - Continued.
PAGB
Home. — Church's Lords of the World. – Henty's
With Frederick the Great. — Leighton's The Golden
Galleon. — Frost's The Knights of the Round Table.
Rideing's The Boyhood of Famous Authors. -
Miss Clark's Will Shakespeare's Little Lad. - Ben-
nett's Master Skylark. – Harris's Aaron in the Wild-
woods. – Kipling's Captains Courageous. - Warner's
Being a Boy. – Miss Murfree's The Young Moun-
taineers. – Butterworth's Over the Andes. - Clover's
Paul Travers's Adventures. — Drysdale's The Beach
Patrol. – Munroe's The Painted Desert. - Cargill's
The Big-Horn Treasure. - Saunders's The King of
the Park. – Miss Bouvet's A Little House in Pimlico.
Otis's The Wreck of the Circus. – Mrs. Champ-
ney's Pierre and his Poodle. – Miss Yechton's Deriok.
- St. Leger's The “Rover's" Quest. — Abbott's
Rollo at Work, and Rollo at Play, new editions.
De Amicis's The Heart of a Boy, new edition.-
Winfield's Poor but Plucky, and Schooldays of Fred
Harley. Bonehill's Gun and Sled.
“Oliver
Optic's" At the Front, and Pacific Shores. — Banks's
An Oregon Boyhood. "Hearthstone Series."
LITERARY NOTES
346
-
-
.
.
.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
347
-
A PHILISTINE WATCHWORD
323
THE ANNALS OF A FAMOUS PUBLISHING
HOUSE. E. G. J.
325
A GLIMPSE OF PURITAN NEW ENGLAND.
Percy Favor Bicknell
328
TRAVELS VARIOUS. Hiram M. Stanley
330
Mrs. Hart's Picturesque Burma.-Schulz and Ham-
mar's The New Africa. - Bryce's Impressions of South
Africa.- Bigelow's White Man's Africa.- Ramsay's
Impressions of Turkey.- Taine's Journeys through
France.- Bazin's The Italians of Today.- Miss
Soidmore's Java.- Mrs. Baucus's In Journeyings
Oft.- Miss Nixon's With a Pessimist in Spain.
A MONUMENTAL BIRD BOOK. Sara A. Hubbard 333
THE TOUCHSTONE OF FACT IN MATTERS OF
STYLE. Edward E. Hale, Jr.
334
HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS - I.
334
Sienkiewicz's Quo Vadis. — Zogbaum's All Hands.
Drawings by Frederic Remington. -Sloane's Life of
Napoleon. - Irving's Astoria. – Cable's Old Creole
Days. — Thoreau's Walden.- Fiske's Critical Period
of American History. - Mrs. Goodwin's Romances
of Colonial Virginia. - Marion Harland's Some Colo-
nial Homesteads. - Garrett's Romance and Reality
of the Puritan Coast. – Mrs. Goodwin's Historic
New York. – Abbott's Fireside and Forest Library.
- Van Dyke's The First Christmas Tree. - Tenny-
son's In Memoriam, illus. by Fenn. - Crane's The
Faerie Queene. - Muckley's The Faerie Queene. -
Miss Armour's The Fall of the Nibelungs. Newell's
King Arthur and the Table Round. - Berenson's
Venetian Painters of the Renaissance. — Vasari's
Lives of the Painters. — Adams's Sunlight and
Shadow. - Fouqué's Undine. — Burlingame's Her-
mann the Magician. - Hopkinson Smith's Gondola
Days. - De Amicis's On Blue Water. — Miss Blan-
chan's Bird Neighbors. - Browne's In the Track of
the Bookworm. - Miss Barlow's Irish Idylls. — Miss
Manning's Life of Mary Powell. - Stockton's Pomo-
na's Travels. — Bede's Adventures of Mr. Verdant
Green.- Miss Fuller's Pratt Portraits. -Two new
volumes in the "ThumbNail Series.”—Mrs. Brown's
What is Worth While ? — The Story of the Harp. —
Lang's Selections from Wordsworth. - Mrs. Jones's
The Lovers's Shakspere. Mrs. Johnson's Short
Sayings of Famous Men.-Shelley's Ayrshire Homes
and Haunts of Burns. — The Ian Maclaren Year-
Book. - The Chatelaine. - Nicholson's An Alphabet.
- Calendars for 1898.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG-I.
De Monvel's Joan of Arc. — Brooks's Century Book
of the American Revolution. — Tomlinson's Wash-
ington's Young Aids. — Otis's The Boys of Fort
Schuyler. – Otis's The Signal Boys of '75. — Stod-
dard's The Red Patriot. · Barnes's Commodore
Bainbridge. - Shelton's The Last Three Soldiers. —
Henderson's The Last Cruise of the Mohawk. –
Norton's Midshipman Jack. — Stoddard's The Lost
Gold of the Montezumas. – Mrs. Smith's The Young
Puritans of Old Hadley. - Butterworth's True to his
A PHILISTINE WATCHWORD.
Readers of “ The International Journal of
Ethics ”must have rubbed their eyes when they
received the last number of that earnest and
valuable review, and found its first score of
pages devoted to the great achievement of Dr.
Nansen in Arctic exploration. What has such
a matter to do with ethics ? they may well have
asked, and why should our attention be diverted
to the deeds of this hardy Norseman when all
our intellectual energies are needed for the
examination of such engaging subjects as “the
relation of pessimism to ultimate philosophy,”
and “our social and ethical solidarity,” and
“the bistory and spirit of Chinese ethics,” to
instance a few of the themes discussed within
the same covers. The fact that Mr. Leslie
Stephen was responsible for this diversion gave
promise, indeed, of a high degree of intellectual
entertainment; but one had to get well along
into the essay before discovering what Dr.
Nansen was really doing in this galley. The
name of the writer was, of course, sufficient to
warrant the conclusion that the choice of sub-
ject would prove to be justified, even for the
purposes of a “journal of ethics"; and the
event showed that some of the deepest matters
underlying the general problem of conduct
might be involved in the story of the explorer
and the stanch ship that drifted with the
-
-


824
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
elem
>
northern ice-cap across the circumpolar seas. the scope of life, that we make no apology for
There is, to put it bluntly, no ethical prob- recurring to this well-worn theme, and pointing
lem of greater importance than that which out once more the essential misconception of
emerges from the consideration of just such those well-intentioned but purblind persons.
activities as were so magnificently displayed Wby was this waste of the ointment made?”
by the expedition of Dr. Nansen. It is the is a question that we hear repeated, in vari-
fundamental problem of utilitarianism, and the ous disguises, every day of our lives. Now
most searching analysis is needed before we there are two satisfactory answers to the ques-
can hope to straighten it out. Into all discus- tion in all of its forms: one of them faces the
sions of this problem the philistine shibboleth utilitarian critic upon his own plane and leaves
of the practical” forces its way, and puts such bim no ground upon which to stand, while the
questions as these : “Is it not wrong to admire
: “ Is it not wrong to admire other makes the radical demand that he broaden
men whose fine qualities run more or less to his conception of utility and rearrange his no-
waste ; or, if that cannot be said, that might tions of conduct in accordance with a far finer
have been applied to some purpose of more en visagement of the purpose of human life.
importance to the welfare of mankind ? To The first answer is the one more commonly
admire simplicity, daring, vigor, and good com- made. Mr. Stephen, for example, makes it in
radeship, is of course right; but ought we not, these words : “ Knowledge can scarcely be ad-
it may be asked, to regret all the more their vanced in any direction without throwing light
devotion of these virtues to inadequate ends ?” upon knowledge in general; and the devotion
Mr. Stephen finds no difficulty in answer- of some men of great powers to minute and
ing these questions to the confutation of their apparently remote interests is really to be ad-
philistine proponent.
- You admit,” he says mired because it constantly leads to unforeseen
to the short-sighted utilitarian who can see and important results.” The history of science
nothing beyond the immediate consequences of is so filled with illustrations of this truth that
a given display of effort, “ you admit in some we hardly know where to begin in making a
sense that the main end of conduct should be selection. Take almost any of the achieve-
to promote the greatest happiness of the great- ments of applied science and trace the under-
est number; and yet the precepts which you lying ideas back to their genesis in the brain
deduce from your principles seem to imply a of some devoted investigator, or, reversing the
colorless monotony and a life uncheered by any process, take from the annals of the history of
pursuits enjoyable in themselves.” Grouping science any idea that has proved fertile and
the work of Arctic expeditions with other sci- show what extremely practical results have
entific work, and with art and literature, as con- grown out of it, and, in whichever way we
stituting all together a sort of “play,” he says: construct the genealogy of our chosen idea, we
“The justification for play, if we may call that shall be filled with wonder at its consequences,
play which involves most strenuous labor, must
and made to realize that such consequences
take a different ground. One ground is that must, in the very nature of things, be largely
the energy which has had no directly utilitarian or wholly unforeseen when the idea first springs
aim has been of most essential service to man- to birth. How useless, to all seeming, were
kind ; that, if the world has improved even in the early studies of micro-organisms, — and
-
the sense of being able to support a larger popu- yet these studies laid the foundation for the
lation in moderate comfort, the improvement vast benefactions of Pasteur and made a reality
has been owing not simply por perbaps chiefly of the long-cherished dream of a rational theory
to those who have consciously labored to redress of disease. Or how could Oersted, or the most
grievances and remove causes of misery, but to keen-sighted of his contemporaries, have fore-
men who have pursued intellectual aims, scien- seen that his discovery of the deflection of the
tific or artistic, for the pure love of art or magnetic needle by the galvanic current was
science.” And he concludes by saying that to make possible all the countless applications
" the true doctrine seems to be that it is an of electricity to our modern life? In view of
imperative duty for a man to devote his intel such facts as these, how childish it is to ask of
lect to those purposes, whatever they may be, every new contribution to knowledge that it at
to which it is most fitted.”
once justify its existence by doing something
The spokesmen of the “practical” have for man's material comfort, and how benighted
done so much in all ages, and are still doing must be his mental condition who scoros every
80 much, to chill enthusiasms and to narrow new scientific truth that may not at once be put
a
a


1897.]
325
THE DIAL
HOUSE.*
1
66
H
to some practical use. And, to return to the
The New Books.
immediate theme of this discourse, the man
stands intellectually self-condemned who is rash
THE ANNALS OF A FAMOUS PUBLISHING
enough to assert that the deep-sea soundings or
the magnetic and meteorological observations
Mrs. Oliphant's delightful book, “ The An-
made by the Nansen expedition may not in the
future prove to have furnished a necessary link
nals of a Publishing House” (a posthumous
book, alas), embodies a favorite scheme of the
in the chain of reasoning whereby some vast
new gift shall be bestowed by science upon
late John Blackwood, a son of the founder of
human life.
the famous Edinburgh house, so long and hon-
Strong as appears, however, the argument orably known to the world of letters. It had
been ,
above outlined, and amply sufficient as it is to
answer the cui bono ? of the philistine critic, learn in his nephew's prefatory note, to utilize
we are not content to rest upon it the case for
the firm's copious records in the preparation of
a work that should serve as a memorial of his
science. For there always underlies the dis-
cussion of this subject a source of misunder-
father and brothers, and as a history of the
standing that is rarely probed. The respective founded, and which should at the same time
firm and the magazine that William Blackwood
champions of science and of utilitarianism may furnish some account of the brilliant band of
be using the same words, but they are not speak writers whom the energy, discrimination, and
ing the same language. In employing the terms
about so such terms,
very genuine love of letters of the first Black-
for example
, as “use,” « benefit," and " practical wood, as we may venture to style him, rallied
” “
value"- they are nearly always playing at
to his support. John Blackwood died without
cross-purposes, and the one seldom understands setting his scheme on foot. But his idea bore
what the other really means. Why is one
fruit in a subsequent proposal to Mrs. Oli-
thing more practical than another ? The only the historian of the firm in whose service she
phant to carry out his project and to become
possible answer is that it contributes more
directly to the satisfaction of some desire. But
was an honored veteran. Mrs. Oliphant ac-
how great is the arrogance of those who single cepted the trust with the ready zeal of a loyal
out certain desires of a sort relating almost retainer, but with the pathetic prescience that
wholly to matters of material comfort, and
the projected work was destined to mark the
assume that those desires alone are worthy of termination of her long and strenuous literary
career.
being gratified at the cost of any effort. Is a
This prevision, as we know, proved
desire to be scorned because it does not happen of the intended three being all that this gifted
true, and in a sense even overtrue, two volumes
to be entertained by the majority of unthinking and amiable writer lived to complete. It is
people, and is the quality of a desire to count
for nothing in this calculus of ethical values ? grateful to add that these valedictory volumes
And if we take quality into the reckoning, does betray no symptom of flagging powers or cool-
not the advancement of knowledge minister to ing sympathies, no abatement of that even and
the best of all desires ? The search after truth ample flow of thought characteristic of the
is an end in itself, and nothing can be more
writer. All in all, we have had no more de-
practical, in any sense of the term worth con.
lightful book from Mrs. Oliphant than this,
sidering, than the prosecution of that high of a labor of love to render justice to the ster-
her last. It was clearly, with her, something
quest. To think God's thoughts seemed to
Kepler a worthy employment for his best in ling character of the founder of the house with
which her own relations had been so cordial,
tellectual energies, and
and she found a congenial theme in the humors
“ To follow knowledge like a sinking star
Beyond the utmost bound of human thought,”
of the somewhat Shandean circle of writers
seemed to the master-singer of our own age the
who aided the rise, spread the fame, and too
noblest of all aims. It is by just the extent to
often sorely taxed the purse and patience, of
which man is capable of entertaining such ideal kind and sensible William Blackwood. To the
ambitions that he is lifted above the beast of racy story of his dealings with those dashing
the fields, and the humanity is in pitiable case
condottieri of the pen, Lockhart, Wilson, Hogg,
that can scorn any sincere effort to strengthen
ANNALS OF A PUBLISHING HOUSE: William Blackwood
and his Sons, their Magazine and Friends. By Mrs. Oliphant.
the foundations of the temple of human knowl-
In two volumes, with portraits. Now York: Imported by
edge or bear its dome still further skyward. Charles Scribner's Song.
nd
are
T!
ces
gali
781
>
and
- tis
slin
BOT
DON
for
f the
a
end
rite
aching
gba
every
de pour


326
[Dee. 1,
THE DIAL
Maginn, Galt, and so on, her opening volume At this period, Edinburgh was at the zenith
is largely devoted.
of its fame as a mart and centre of letters. The
In beginning her history of the house of blaze of more than one great reputation gilded
Blackwood, Mrs. Oliphant spares the grateful the haze of “auld Reekie" with sunrise splen-
reader the usual Scotch “ell of genealogy.” For dors; and the conditions in the publishing world
us, William Blackwood is large enough to stand were such as to greatly invite and stimulate lit-
as first of his line and father of his own for- erary activity. The marvellous success of the
tunes, - though doubtless with him, as with books of Scott and Byron disclosed a new El-
most Scotchmen, research would disclose an dorado; and the dazzled publisher, south as
" ancestor or so, were it only some sixpenny well as north of Tweed, was delightfully pre-
laird of a kailyard or notable Highland cattle disposed to see in each strange young gentle-
thief. It was in 1804 that this first Blackwood, man who came to him with a manuscript in his
after a fourteen years' novitiate at Edinburgh, pocket a possible rival of those popular bards.
Glasgow, and London, returned finally to Edin. Speculation was rife; and a strange spirit of
burgh and “set up for himself” as bookseller equity, even liberality, warmed the hearts and
and possible publisher on the South Bridge. loosened the purse-strings of the Bacons and
The business throve apace.
In 1811 was
Bungays of the trade. Authorship, even of the
formed the important connection with John Grub Street sort, suddenly lifted its head, and
Murray of London, who threw over the Ballan- claimed kindred with the liberal professions.
tynes on their failure to offer him a share in The days when Otways and Chattertons starved
the publication of “The Lady of the Lake.” in garrets, and scholarly Boyces were reduced
Mr. Blackwood's first notably successful publi- in winter to composing in bed, with the pen
cation was Dr. McCrie’s “ Life of John Knox.” hand thrust through a slit in the blankets, were
In 1816 he secured, through Ballantyne and gone indeed. Manuscripts from obscure sources
jointly with Murray, Scott's “Tales of My were usually acknowledged courteously, and even
Landlord.” The squabble (if we may call it deferentially; and when rejected, it was in terms
80) which marked this transaction, and which that carried balm to the soul of the sender.
perhaps led up eventually to Scott's ill-starred Beautiful day, when the haughtiest publisher
return to Constable, has been variously stated. recognized between himself and the humblest
Mrs. Oliphant tries to show that Murray, more brother of the craft by wbich he too lived, the
than Blackwood, was at fault; but it is pretty bond of a common humanity! As for the
plain that the latter, too, "put his foot in it.” prices paid, they were sometimes simply fabu-
It seems that after long negotiations with the lous. Lord Cockburn says of Constable—“the
agent of the still unknown author of “Waver- crafty" Constable:
ley," the first instalment of the “Tales” was “Abandoning the old timid and grudging system, he
submitted to the publishers. Murray showed stood out as the general patron and
payer of all promis-
the manuscript to Gifford, who sagely suggested ing publications, and confounded not only his rivals in
some “ improvements " which were approved by Ten, even twenty guineas a sheet for a review, £2000
trade but his very authors by his unheard of pieces.
Mr. Blackwood, who in his turn forwarded the
or £3000 for a single poem, and £1000 for two philo-
suggestions and strictures through Ballantyne sophical dissertations, drew authors out of their dens,
to the author. Scott, stung at the presumption and made Edinburgh a literary market famous with
of the trio of wiseacres, flamed into wrath, and
strangers, and the pride of its own citizens.”
wrote to Ballantyne in the vein of one of his The fate of this open-handed publisher the
own moss-troopers:
world knows; but such was not always the re-
“Dear James: I have received Blackwood's impu- ward of the more prodigal members of the
dent letter. G-.d- his soul! Tell him and his trade. Some of them (we rejoice to know)
coadjutor that I belong to the Black Hussars of Litera-
ture, who neither give nor receive criticism. I'll be
perversely grew rich, in spite of Adam Smith
cursed but this is the most impudent proposal that ever
and the penny-wisdom of their faint-hearted
was made.”
competitors. Murray too, for instance, was a
Plausible James, more suo, sent a sugared ver- publisher in the grand style, as the following
sion of this robust missive to Blackwood; but letter shows:
the offense was given, as the sequel seems to Lord Byron is a curious man. He gave me, as I
show; and it only remained for the chagrined
told you, the copyright of his two new poems, to be
men of business to settle the balance of account-
printed only in his works. I was so delighted with it
that even as I read it I sent him a draught for 1000
ability between them. Probably they joined
guineas.
.. But he returned the draught, saying it
forces in rating the sagacious Gifford.
was very liberal — much more than they were worth ;


1897.]
327
THE DIAL
66
one in
that I was perfectly welcome to both poems to print in say - to a publisher who, it seems, had never
his (collected) works without cost or expectation, but
even replied to his effusions:
that he did not think them equal to what they ought to
be. I went yesterday, and he was rallying me upon my
• My resolution is to devote my ability to you; and
for God's sake, till you see whether or not I can serve
folly in offering so much, that he dared to say I thought
now I had a most lucky escape. "To prove how much
you, do not coldly refuse my aid. All, sir, that I de-
I think so, my lord,' said I, do me the favor to accept
sire of you is: that in answer to this letter you would
this pocket-book'- in which I had brought with me my
request a specimen or specimens of my writing, and I even
draught changed into two bank-notes of £1000 and
wish that you would name the subject on which you would
wish me to write.
I know that I am not ono
£50; but he would not take it.”
of the wretched writers of the day.
Now,
Could anything be finer or more magnanimous sir, do not act like a commonplace person, but like a
than that? The publisher's almost pathetic man willing to examine for himself. Do not turn from
anxiety to part with his money; the author's the native truth of my letters, but prove me; and if I
do not stand the proof I will not further press myself
firm, though playful, refusal to take it; the
on you. If I do stand it - why — you have lost an
resolution of each not to be outdone by the able writer in James Hogg, and God grant you may get
other in indifference to pelf; the fine Castilian
PATRICK BRANWELL BRONTE."
flavor of the whole transaction. Shade of Ja-
Shade of Ja- That this appeal also elicited no reply appears
cob Tonson ! Nor was William Blackwood a
from the fact that there is a letter dated four
whit behind his regal London correspondent as
months later, endorsed, in very large printed
a patron of letters. His reply, in 1817, to an
characters, “ SIR, READ NOW AT LAST.” It en-
unknown writer who had timidly sent him a
closed a poem (entitled “Misery, Scene 1st”!)
specimen, is a magnificent thing. Let the
and ends with:
reader note that in it Mr. Blackwood lauds to
“I send it because it is soon read and comes from
the skies a production which he clearly in-
the heart. If it goes to yours, print it, and write to
tended to buy—actually puffs it in advance, to me on the subject of contribution. Then I will send
his own manifest loss and diminution of profit. prose. But if what I now send is worthless, what I
Could there possibly be a more undiplomatic,
have said has only been conceit and folly. Yet Con-
DEMN Not UNHEARD.”
a more hopelessly unbusinesslike, letter than
this?
The last letter quoted from this writer begs
«Mr. Blackwood now returns to the author the en- for an interview, and hints temptingly at some-
closed manuscript, which he has perused oftener than thing (in the prose way) in the writer's pos-
once with the highest delight. He feels not a little
session, the design of which, whatever might
proud that such a writer should express a wish to re-
ceive any suggestion from him. The whole construction
be its execution, would be superior to that of
and execution of the work appear to him so admirable
any series of articles which has yet appeared
that it would almost be presumption in anyone to offer in Blackwood's Magazine.' ” 6 Now, sir,”
corrections to such a writer. ... Mr. B. will not allow
concludes this unhappy foil of his brilliant
himself to think for one moment that there can be any sisters, " is the trouble of writing a single line
uncertainty as to the work being completed. Not to
mention his own deep disappointment, Mr. B. would to outweigh the certainty of doing good to a
almost consider it a crime if a work possessing so much fellow-creature and the possibility of doing
interest and instruction were not given to the world.” good to yourself? Is it pride which actuates
The unknown writer proved to be Miss Susan you — or custom- or prejudice ? Be a Man, ,
Ferrier, and the book under discussion her suc- sir!” etc., etc.
Poor Branwell! no leaf of the
cessful novel, “ Marriage,” issued by Black- Brontë laurels
Brontë laurels grew for him.
wood in 1818.
The crowning achievement of William Black-
It need not be inferred, however, that so wood's earlier career was, of course, the starting
shrewd a judge of what he dealt in as was of " Blackwood's Magazine.” Of this event,
William Blackwood could not say “no” to the as of the corps of clever scribblers (we had al-
literary aspirant whose wares were not to his most said scamps) who rallied to “ Maga" and
taste. He does not seem to have troubled gleefully proceeded to run amuck at all Edin-
himself to say even that much to poor Bran-burgh and half London, Mrs. Oliphant gives a
well Brontë, whose frantic appeals to his judg- lively account. The initial “ Blackwood” scored
ment, and even his mercy, would be ridiculous a tremendous success. Why? Chiefly, so far as
enough were they not so grimly pathetic. Per- we can perceive, by reason of its scurrillity.
haps he thought the petitioner crazy. In one We rejoice to think that a publisher who
letter the poor fellow (who aspired to admis- should father such a thing nowadays would be
sion to the staff of “Maga") declares that a lost man. We would no more tolerate him
the idea of writing for any other periodical is than we would tolerate Theodore Hook—that
horribly repulsive” to him. He goes on to precious “ wit” who used to pour melted butter


328
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
into people's coat-pockets, and distribute medi-
A GLIMPSE OF PURITAN NEW ENGLAND.*
cated sweets at evening parties. But tastes
and standards were otherwise in Mr. Black- If one should open at random the diary of
wood's days; and “ Auld Reekie" rose to the Samuel Sewall, recently published in three large
new magazine with joyful plaudits. Mingled volumes by the Massachusetts Historical Society,
ominously, however, with the roar of Homeric
his eye would be very likely to fall on some
laughter came a deepening wail of angry dis- such passage as the following, under date of
content from the victims. Those who were
Nov. 6, 1692:
hardest hit or thinnest skinned talked of the “ Joseph threw a knob of brass and hit his little sister
law; and presently writs and threats of writs Betty on the forehead so as to make it bleed and swell;
fell in at the Princes Street office like leaves
upon which and for playing at prayer-time and eating
when return thanks I whipped him pretty smartly.
in Vallombrosa. Wilson and Lockhart fled to
When I first went in (called by his grandmother) he
the lakes ; and the owner of “ Ebony” stayed sought to shadow and hide himself from me behind the
to brave the storm. The most generally offend. head of the cradle; which gave me the sorrowful re-
ing (though not the most offensive) paper in
membrance of Adam's carriage.”
the magazine was of course the “Chaldee Inferior in literary merit to Evelyn and
Manuscript.” Every body has heard of this Pepys, Sewall may yet be classed with his two
jeu d'esprit ; few of our own day have read it. contemporary diarists ; resembling the former
Those who do read it will marvel at the tempest in the piety which tinges his journal, and the
it raised in the Edinburgh teapot. Compared | latter in the variety of his scope and the per-
with the airy raillery of a moquer of genius sonal, even trivial, nature of much that he
like Heine, it seems a rather Bæotian perform- records. The author of " Samuel Sewall and
ance-a piece of literary horse-play that old the World He Lived In,” with an enthusiasm
Burton might have relished as he relished the for his theme without which, indeed, his book
banter of the Oxford bargees. Briefly de- would not be the very readable book it is, claims
scribed, it was a local satire, bristling with that “with these two Englishmen, in due time,
thinly-veiled personalities, some of them merely by a well-weighed and just verdict, Samuel
playful, others malicious enough, and couched Sewall will be associated in the same lasting
in Biblical language. Mrs. Oliphant furnishes fame.
some specimens of it (presumably favorable Sewall's life, mostly spent in or near Boston,
ones), one of which, an elegant "drive" at Sir and chiefly in the public capacities of judge and
John G. Dalyell, we subjoin :
of chief justice of the supreme court of Massa-
“Now the other beast (Sir John] was a beast that he chusetts, cannot fail, when carefully recorded,
[Constable) loved not: a beast of burden which he had to be of interest; and when the record is based
in his courts to hew wood and to draw water and to do largely on his voluminous diary, which covers
all manner of unelean things. His face was like unto the period from 1673 to 1729, it must needs
his nether parts were uncomely. Nevertheless his thighs give us many a peep into Puritan family, social,
were hairy, and the hair was as the shining of a satin and public life, through the eyes of one who
raiment, and he skipped with the branch of a tree in his saw them in person. Letters and writings of
hand, and he chewed a snail between his teeth. If the Winthrops and the Mathers, with other
thou lookest upon him and obserrest his ways, behold
he was born of his mother before the months were ful-
sources of information, are freely drawn upon,
filled, and the substance of a living thing is not in him, and the whole has been compiled with such
and his horns are like the potsherd which is broken scholarly care and loving zeal that one more is
against any tree."
now added to the useful series of studies in
But we must now take leave of Mrs. Oli Puritan life and history which have, in recent
phant's sprightly book-one of the best, we years, appeared from the pens of Dr. George
repeat, that she has given us. The second vol. E. Ellis, Mrs. Alice Morse Earle, Mr. Frank
ume deals largely with celebrities of a some- Samuel Child, Mr. Douglas Campbell, and
what later date than that of those we have men. other workers in this ever-fruitful field. In
tioned, and whets the appetite for a third and passing, it is worth while to note the totally
final volume, from another hand, which Mr. different point of view and conclusions of Mr.
William Blackwood in his prefatory note en Chamberlain's book and the once much-lauded
courages us to look for. The work is hand. - Paritan in Holland, England, and America.”
somely printed by Messrs. William Blackwood An introductory sketch of life in the mother
& Sons, and contains portraits of the successive
*SAMUEL S&WALL AND THE WORLD Hs LIVED IN. By
chiefs of that sterling house. E. G. J. Rer. N. H. Chamberlain. Boston: De Wolfe, Fiske & Co.


1897.]
329
THE DIAL
country at the time of the Puritan exodus con- and whiskey did not play a large part in the
tains many a quaint and curious touch. A poor extermination of Poor Lo. It would be inter-
widow, asking the parish clerk the price of a esting, if space permitted, to compare the totally
funeral sermon for her husband, is told that different methods and degrees of success of
some are 108., and one is as low as 78. 6d., the Puritan missionary movement among the
which last, however, no one would ever know Indians and that of the French Jesuits, both
to be a funeral sermon; but that if she pays representing the same great church. The Jesuit
for one of the guinea sermons, there will not be fathers shared the life and hardships of their
a dry eye in the house. In those good old days converts, living in the same wigwams, eating
of abundant leisure the post coach would some- the same coarse fare, and paddling in the same
times agree with its passengers beforehand to canoes with them; but even so generous a soul
stop over at any town on the
way
where a cock as the apostle Eliot, when he spent the Sabbath
fight was in progress. It was nineteen days in Natick, took with him food prepared by his
after Cromwell had been made Protector before wife and dwelt apart in a chamber fitted up in
the bells were rung in Bridgewater. Trades- his meeting-house.
men from the Provinces commonly made their The chapter on the Salem Witchcraft shows
wills before going up to London, and then often Sewall in an unfavorable light, although he
walked the entire distance in that same solemn afterward sorrowfully acknowledged his error
frame of mind in which Sewall describes him. in subscribing to a foolish superstition.
self as returning through vivid perils from a In reading those portions of the work devoted
trip to Cambridge or Roxbury Neck, noting his to the Puritan domestic and social life, with all
safe home-coming with a devout “Laus Deo" its dreary asceticism, one is reminded of Macau-
in his diary
lay's well-known utterance to the effect that
Chapters on “The Puritan Exodus,” “Sewall the Puritans "hated bear-baiting, not because
and the Puritan Church,” and “ Sewall and it gave pain to the bear, but because it gave
the Commonwealth,” are followed by one on pleasure to the spectators.” Dancing, cards,
“Sewall as a Business Man,” which shows music, were all forbidden; while their few books
him to have been shrewd and cautious in all were so dull that conversation with a cow would
commercial dealings. His education at Har- have been a refreshing stimulant in comparison.
vard naturally marked him for the ministry, But in the chapter on “Betty Sewall and
and he did preach a few times, on one occasion Puritan Marriages,” human nature –
delivering a sermon of two and one-balf hours' least woman nature- is seen to have been much
duration — good measure even for those times. the same then as now; while the account, as
The pictures of Indian warfare disclose many taken from his diary, of Sewall's flirtations,
harrowing scenes. Mrs. Rowlandson, wife of marriages, and other amatory escapades, after
the minister of Lancaster, shows us what man- the death of his first wife in 1717 — when he
ner of men they were who settled New England, himself was sixty-five years old — demonstrates
when she speaks of some little children who, the traditional superiority of an old fool's folly
on being captured with their mother by the over that of a young one. Like many people
Indians, “ did not shed one tear, but prayed all who have launched into autobiography, this
the while when their mother was killed and aged charmer does not know when to close his
burnt before them.” In his views on the treat- diary, and his biographer thinks it only right
ment of both Indians and negroes, Judge to punish him for his indiscretion by giving to
Sewall was far in advance of his times, and the world some of his later entries along with
many of his words of warning ring with a singu- the rest. Shall we regard his autumnal frivol-
larly prophetic note. The author, by a curious ity as one more proof that human nature will
argument in the appendix, claims that “neither not be denied its rights, and, if forced to con-
the Puritans of New England nor their descend- form to a strait-laced Puritanism in its spring-
ants are responsible for the gradual extinction time, will kick up its heels in old age ?
of the New England Indians.” The introduc- The book is well illustrated with portraits
tion of disease, the importation of civilized and other cuts, and provided with an appendix
microbes into heathen lands," is made to bear of interesting matter, but has no index, which
the blame : for further particulars see Darwin's is really demanded by its 319 pages of miscel-
“ Voyage of the Beagle” and Koch's researches laneous material, nor any list of authorities,
on microbes. And yet it will not be at once which would have been welcome to the student.
admitted that the importation of gunpowder
PERCY FAVOR BICKNELL.
or at


830
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
As a
drives the bargain with the English buyer for the paddy
TRAVELS VARIOUS.*
harvest, or, at any rate, she is present on the occasion
In the middle Orient lies idyllic and pictur- and helps her easy-going husband to stand firm. So
esque Burma, a paradisaic land, where winter highly is trading esteemed, that a daughter of well-to-
do parents, and even a young married woman, will set
and want never invade. Thus we may sum- up a booth in the bazaar, and, dressed in a bright silk
marize the impression we gain from the sumpt- tamein (skirt) and white jacket, with a flower jauntily
uous volume by Mrs. Ernest Hart, entitled Pic- stuck into her coiled black tresses, she will start every
turesque Burma.” This is the first general work morning with a tray of sweetmeats, fruit, or toys on
her head, and, with a gaiety and grace born of the sun-
of importance on Burma since Scott's “Burma
shine and the bounteousness of the land, will push &
as it Was, Is, and Will Be" (1886), a useful brisk trade all through the short and sunny day. The
book, though not quoted in Mrs. Hart's rather earnings thus made are the woman's own, and cannot
meagre list of authorities. “ Picturesque Bur-
be touched by her husband."
ma” gives a clear summary account of the coun-
The author concludes her very optimistic book
try and the people, their customs, religion, and
with these remarks :
history. Mrs. Hart's travels were not exten-
“ The long independence of the Burmese nation, the
absence of caste, the free position of the women, the
sive, and in her description of the country, as
ethical and non-idolatrous character of the Buddhist
elsewhere, she relies much on Yule and other
religion, the freedom from the thraldom of a priest-
writers. She describes from report, but in hood, have combined to make Burma as distinctive in
apparent good faith, “the deadly pangu spider” character from Hindu nationalities as is Japan. To be
as striking " the serpent with its poison fang, passed under the rule of the English, to be freed from
and outvenoming the most venomous in hate,'
tyranny, to be taught good government, is a bappy fate
for Burma. As the country improves in population, in
sucking “the brains of its victim.”
wealth, and in education, it may in the far future re-
sample of the book, we quote Mrs. Hart's ac- cover its lost nationality, and, freed from ancient Bur-
count of Burmese women.
mese tyranny and cruelty, give the world the example
« Women in Burma are probably freer and happier incessantly to toil, and to be joyous without desiring
of a people who know how to be happy without caring
than they are anywhere else in the world. Though
Burma is bordered on one side by China, where women
insatiably to possess."
are held in contempt, and on the other by India, where But it will certainly occur to many readers
they are kept in the strictest seclusion, Burmese women of even this book that the Burmese are so weak
have achieved for themselves and have been permitted
a people that they are destined to be absorbed
by their men to attain a freedom of life and action that
and obliterated by the Chinese and English.
has no parallel among Oriental peoples. The secret
lies, perhaps, in the fact that the Burmese woman is
Mrs. Hart does not regard missionary work
active and industrious, while the Burmese man is indo- with great favor, though the work of the
lent and often a recluse. Becoming, therefore, both American Baptists among the Karens is highly
by taste and by habit the money-earner, the bargainer praised. On the whole rs. Hart's work can
and the financier of the household, she has asserted and
obtained for herself the right to hold what she wins and
be commended as a popular and pleasant sketch,
the respect due to one who can and does direct and con- although she gives little that is really new, and
trol. Things are strangely reversed in Burma, for here her treatment is not very thorough. The book
we see man as the religious soul of the nation and
is provided with good maps and illustrated with
woman its brain. Burmese women are born traders,
excellent photogravures and woodcuts.
and it is more often the wife than the husband who
“ The New Africa " is the ambitious title of
* PICTURESQUE BURMA, PAST AND PRESENT. By Mrs.
Ernest Hart. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company.
the next volume on our list of travels. How-
THE NEW AFRICA. By Aurel Schulz and August Hammar. ever, the really new Africa explored by the
Illustrated. New York: Imported by Charles Scribner's writers, Messrs. Aurel Schulz and August Ham-
Sons.
mar, was only a small section of the Chobe and
IMPRESSIONS OF SOUTH AFRICA. By James Bryce. Illus-
trated. New York: The Century Company.
Okovanga rivers in the central part of South
WHITE Man's Africa. By Poultney Bigelow. Illustrated. Africa ; and the real interest in this work does
New York: Harper & Brothers.
not lie in its rather meagre scientific results, but
IMPRESSIONS OF TURKEY. By W. M. Ramsay, D.C.L.,
rather in its excellence as a narrative of adven-
LL.D. Illustrated. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
JOURNEY THROUGH FRANCE. By H. A. Taine, D.C.L. ture and sport. The authors' many adventures
Illustrated. New York: Henry Holt & Co.
with savage beasts and men are detailed in a
THE ITALIANS OF TO-DAY. By René Bazin. Translated
by William Marchant. New York: Henry Holt & Co.
simple, direct, unassuming way, without any pre-
JAVA: THE GARDEN OF THE East. By Eliza Ruhamah
tentious and strained literary art, and yet with
Soidmore. Illustrated. New York: The Century Co. a natural spontaneous vividness which is very
IN JOURNEYINGS OFT. By Georgiana Baucus. Illustrated. attractive. Mr. Schulz fell in with a tribe of
Cincinnati: Curts & Jennings.
WITH A PESSIMIST IN SPAIN. By Mary F. Nixon. Illus-
giants where he had “the most novel experi-
trated. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co.
ence” of being “ a small man in a crowd, as the
"


1897.]
331
THE DIAL
66
"
six foot two inches I stand in my socks generally peared in “ Harper's Magazine,” and gives in
reverses the position in other society.” The pleasant form the result of the author's personal
men of this tribe were all nearly seven feet observations in a brief trip through English,
tall. Again, he describes the very strange and Portuguese, and Boer South Africa. The Boer
amusing method by which some naked savages question is treated at some length. Mr. Bige-
keep warm.
low made the acquaintance of President Kruger, .
They build themselves little oblong frameworks of whom he characterizes thus :
green wood, sixteen inches high, on top of which they
“ Kruger is the incarnation of local self-government
made fires. Sleeping under this for warmth, the burn-
in its purest form. He is president among his burghers
ing embers often fell through the framework on their
by the same title that he is elder in his church. He
naked skins, raising blisters, whicb, when healed, left the
makes no pretention to rule them by invoking the law,
affected part white or grey. It is from this circum-
but he does rule them by reasoning with them until they
stance, widely spread in South Africa, that the Boers
yield to his superiority in argument. He rules among
have humorously nicknamed the tribes living west of the
free burghers because he knows them well and they
Transvaal • Vaalpense,' or 'groy bellies.'”
know him well. He knows no red-tape nor pigeon-holes.
The authors give a very interesting account
His door is open to every comer; his memory recalls
of Victoria Falls, which has 6 at least four times
every face; he listens to every complaint, and sits in
patriarchal court from six o'clock in the morning until
the volume of water and over three times the
bedtime. He is a magnificent anachronism. He alone
height” of Niagara, and which “ burst on one's is equal to the task of holding his singular country to-
sensibilities immediately with appalling grand gether in its present state. His life is the history of
eur.” Altogether, despite some inelegancies of
that state. Already we hear the rumblings that indicate
for the Transvaal an earthquake of some sort. We pray
style, this work is quite the best book of adven-
they may not disturb the declining years of that coun-
ture and sport we have met for some time. The try's hero — the patient, courageous, forgiving, loyal,
volume contains a route map, which will mean and sagacious Paul Kruger.”
little to general readers, and should be supple- Mr. Bigelow speaks severely of Portuguese
mented by a complete map of South Africa. misgovernment, but he has much praise for
The illustrations are for the most part fairly Orange Free State, Cape of Good Hope, and for
good. One illustration with accompanying re- Natal, “ the Colonial Paradise.” The book con-
marks, and also some later remarks on a mal-
tains historical matter of value, and two folk-
formation, are more suited to a medical work
lore stories that will interest the anthropologist.
than to one intended for popular circulation. The chief criticism that we have to offer is that
Another book on South Africa, but of quite the book is too obviously a rather hasty "write-
a different order, is Mr. James Bryce's “ Im- up,” and too journalistic in quality. The
pressions of South Africa,” of which the readers
numerous illustrations are well drawn and very
of the “ Century Magazine” have already had interesting.
a taste. This book is of the same kind as the The well-known English archæologist, Mr.
author's famous “ American Commonwealth,"
W. M. Ramsay, modestly entitles his latest vol-
though on a much smaller scale, and shows the
ume"Impressions of Turkey''; but, as a matter of
same acuteness and care, the same judicious fact, we find here, not what many readers might
temper and comprehensiveness of view, the expect, superficial and rapid notes, but close and
same clear and luminous style. The work on careful studies of Turkish life and character,
South Africa consists of a short account of the
which are the fruit of twelve years of observa-
country and people, a historical summary, and tion in manifold wanderings through Asia
some notes of travel, the whole forming much Minor. In a suggestive, thoughtful, impartial,
the most reliable and useful general account yet sympathetic way, he describes and discusses
that has yet appeared. Mr. Bryce finds in the Turk and other Mohammedan races, the
the mining and ranch country a frontier life Armenian, the Greek, and the American mis-
which he contrasts favorably with frontier life sionary and his adherents. As to the latter, we
in the United States, and he looks in the near
may well quote a sentence or two from the pre-
future to great prosperity for a South African face to the American edition of Mr. Ramsay's
Confederation under the suzerainty of Great work:
Britain. Mr. Bryce's studies were made in
“ My hope is that this book may do something to pro-
1895, but the book has been brought down to duce in America an adequate conception of the great
date. The maps, physical and political, are educational organization which the American mission-
very useful features.
aries have built up in Turkey with admirable foresight
and skill. Beginning with a prejudice against their
Mr. Poultney Bigelow's “White Man's
work, I was driven by the force of facts and experience
Africa" is made up of papers that have ap- to the opinion that the mission has been the strongest,
a
:


832
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
pean Powers.”
as well as the most beneficent, influence in causing the M. René Bazin, a French littérateur of note,
movement toward civilization which has been percept-
has written an agreeable and instructive little
ible in varying degrees among all the peoples of Turkey,
book on “The Italians of To-day." These
but which has been zealously opposed and almost arrested
by the present Sultan with the support of the Six Euro-
notes show a Frenchman's keenness of percep-
tion and clearness of expression, touching
As to the Armenian massacres, Mr. Ramsay luminously and freshly on the condition of in-
writes :
dustry, politics, literature, and art, in various
“ There has been no exaggeration in the worst ac- parts of Italy. M. Bazin's sympathetic sociality
counts of the horrors of Armenia. A writer with the
and urbanity, and his artistic appreciation, are
vivid imagination of Dumas, and the knowledge of evil
that Zola possesses, could not attain, by any description, everywhere apparent. A delicate impressionism
the effect that the sight of one massacre in the Kurdish
and graceful sentimentality abound ; though
part of Armenia would produce on any spectator. The sometimes the former is too sketchy, and the
Kurdish part of Armenia is the black country.' It bas latter too effusive. And yet the author is quite
been a charnal house. One dare not enter it. One can-
able to deal with plain facts in a prosaic and
not think about it. One knows not how many maimed,
mutilated, outraged Armenians are still starving there."
scientific way, as we see, for instance, in his
Mr. Ramsay's book is clearly and pleasantly
account of Italian taxation. Perhaps the best
written. He is a man of very careful and thing in the book is the quite full and interesting
catholic observation and judgment, and he description of the little visited Roman Cam-
pagna, from which we extract this pretty etch-
comes, perbaps, nearer than any recent writer
to the truth about Turkey.
ing as a sample of the author's description :
“ On my way back to the city I saw a splendid sight.
The American publishers of Taine's works,
In a field which was axe-shaped, broadening in the dis-
Messrs. Henry Holt & Co., have issued, in uni-
tance, fifteen pair of gray oxen were ploughing in line.
form style with their previous edition, a volume The fifteen ploughs were exactly aligned, opening and
by him entitled “Journeys through France." throwing out earth which was a reddish-purple color.
This book consists of notes evidently made by These are the same implements of husbandry that Ver-
gil saw, an iron wedge, two wooden wings in front of
M. Taine, while on his journeys as examiner
a joist, a round platform behind, traversed by an upright
in law for the provinces. Such provincial cities stick. On the platform stands the laborer, with one
as Douai, Rennes, Bourdeaux, Toulouse, Mar- hand holding by the upright, with the other using the
seilles, are sharply and clearly characterized goad. And these beautiful, primitive forms of labor,-
the immense oxen, the small plough, the man, motion-
from the Tainesque point of view, – that is, as
less and stately,— were moving slowly forward, leaving
influenced by environment. Thus on Douai
half the field furrowed and steaming behind them.”
and its vicinity he remarks: “ These are verita-
While this book does not pretend to a com-
ble low countries, and that implies everything, plete discussion of its subject, it will yet be of
morally and physically." Among many acute
service, and by reason of its style it cannot fail
and suggestive remarks on art we quote this:
to amuse and interest.
“Nowadays, painters recognize the violent, strange,
Miss Eliza Scidmore, in “ Java, the Garden
or poetic side of nature; but their peasants are no more
than physiological studies. The future in every art is
of the East,” the contents of which have in part
for such as select or meet with subjects which all suc- appeared in the “ Century Magazine,” gives a
ceeding generations will approve. Happiness is one of facile and agreeable though not especially note-
these themes
, but nervous disorders and psychological worthy sketch of the Java of to-day. Her travel
peculiarities are not amongst them. I could not perceive
the beauty of happiness until I was well advanced in life.
was confined to a trip over the line of railway
In the early days this did not come home to me, or I
which the Dutch have constructed through the
thought it stale."
center of Java, and much of the volume is of
While this book is not one of Taine's best, the guide-book order— a general description
a
yet it is of considerable interest as a series of with little personal flavor. However, her pic-
literary etchings of French provincialism. Yet ture of Java is clear, and seems correct as far
in this work, as in others by him, we often feel
as it goes.
The island is about the size of the
that he is over analytic and over reflective in state of New York, and yet contains 24,000,000
his positive type of mind ; and yet again we inhabitants, who have made its whole country
often feel that he is only a high type of dilet- a veritable garden. “All Java is in a way as
tante, seeking experience for its own sake, and finished as little Holland itself, the whole island
revelling in a soft and sad sensuousness. The cultivated from edge to edge like a tulip-garden,
woodcuts in this volume are of the old-fashioned and connected throughout its length with post-
picturesque style, and in some cases, as that of roads smooth and perfect as park drives, all
Rennes, scarcely illustrate the text.
arched with waringen, kanari, tamarind, or teak
>
9


1897.]
333
THE DIAL
DOW.
trees. The rank and tangled jungle is invisible, ary of Birds,” by Dr. Alfred Newton, Professor
save by long journeys; and great snakes, wild of Zoology and Biology in Magdalene College,
tigers, and rhinoceroses are almost unknown Cambridge. The work has been in process of
One must go to Borneo and the farther publication at the press of Messrs. Adam and
islands to see them, too.” In short we see the Charles Black of Edinburgh, since 1889, four
tropics tamed, combed, and curbed, hitched to several parts being issued at varying intervals,
the cart of commerce and made man's abject the final one bearing the date of 1897. In its
servant." Miss Seidmore's descriptions of the completed form, the book, a large octavo, com-
ruins at Boro Boedor and Brambanam are per- prises nearly 1100 pages. The Introduction,
haps the most valuable portion of the book. extending through 120 pages, is in itself worth
The photographic illustrations are quite suc- the price of the volume,- presenting as it does
sessful.
a detailed account of the growth of ornithology
The volume called “In Journeyings Oft” from its obscure beginnings in the time of Aris-
is distinctly a missionary book, recording the totle to its present stage of active development.
travels, in 1894, of Mrs. Mary C. Nind, as an The reader is impressed by the author's firm
officer of the Woman's Methodist Missionary grasp of his subject, and by the calm and im-
Society, visiting mission stations in Japan, partial judgment manifest in handling it. No
China, Burma, and India. It is well written point is left untouched in the delineation, and
and illustrated, and will be of special service in each instance due acknowledgment is made
to missionary societies. The book is introduced of the services of the contributor who has lent
to the public by Mrs. Nind's kinsman the wellappreciable aid to the advance of the science.
known Bishop Nind.
This masterly Introduction compresses into a
“With a Pessimist in Spain ” is the playful clear and comprehensive view the whole history
title, referring to a companion in a tour through of ornithology down to the latest date.
Spain, which Miss Mary F. Nixon has chosen The body of the dictionary is composed
for a brief and agreeable book of travels. The mainly of the articles prepared by Professor
story of a commonplace tour is told in a famil- Newton originally for the British Encyclopædia.
iar, humorous vein, and in a brisk conversa- These have been, where necessary, enlarged and
tional form, whereby the author adroitly pops re-shaped to admit the latest facts and conclu-
instructive pills from the guide book into the sions pertaining to their respective topics. The
unsuspecting reader's mind. Bright, pleasant, special department of ornithic anatomy has been
lively as it is, we feel sometimes that it is too given into the hands of Dr. Hans Gadow, whose
strenuously entertaining. The style is some- name certifies to the ability with which it has
times a bit careless in a feminine way, as when been managed. Other collaborators who have
she informs us that “the Pessimist is a dear, added value and variety of interest to the work
but she is not built for dignity.” The illus- are Mr. Lydekker and Professor Ray, — the
trations are good, and the book as a whole will one a pupil, the other a colleague of Professor
serve as a popular account of the regions visited. Newton, — and Dr. Shufeldt, formerly of the
HIRAM M. STANLEY.
United States Army. The articles, arranged
in alphabetical order, are uniformly concise,
crowding into the smallest space the largest
amount of information allowed by the dimen-
A MONUMENTAL BIRD BOOK.*
sions of the work. It is fair to say that not a
The past two or three years have been pro-
bird which may reasonably claim mention has
lific of works on Ornithology meriting unre-
been omitted from the catalogue of definitions,
served approval. The student in this branch of
while the myriad names used early or late in
natural history need have no future difficulty
the classification of species will be found each
in selecting a treatise suited to his needs. From
in its proper place. The extent of the infor-
a varied and admirable series, the novice and
mation conveyed may be inferred without fur-
the expert may now make his choice.
ther detail. A map accompanying the long
At the head of the list, for purposes of refer-
and able essay on the geographical distribution
of birds, and a considerable number of engrav-
ence, stands the recently completed “Diction.
ings interspersed through the text, complete
* A DICTIONARY OF BIRDS. By Alfred Newton, assisted by the usefulness of what may be justly denomi-
Hans Gadow. With contributions from Richard Lydekker,
nated a monumental work.
Charles S. Roy, and Robert W. Shufeldt, M.D. New York:
The Macmillan Co.
SARA A. HUBBARD.


334
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
rather than another. Now, curiously enough,
THE TOUCHSTONE OF FACT IN MATTERS OF
STYLE.*
in disputed cases, not only are the disputants
very often ignorant of what good usage is, but
Like the contests of Homeric heroes are the
they usually make no serious effort to find it
word-battles of Dr. Fitzedward Hall and Mr. R.
out. This, however, is just what Mr. Williams
O. Williams. Ordinary persons stand amazed and Dr. Hall do, in as many cases as a good
as they lightly handle weapons which ten com- God gives them strength to compass.
Mr.
mon men could hardly lift, and sustain the
Williams gives twenty-four citations from as
most brain-stunning shocks with result only of
many authors to show the use of each, thirty-
the most annihilating ripostes. We think of
three citations to illustrate misplacement of
no equals to them since the days of Dr. John; only. Dr. Hall mentions fifty-nine respecta-
son and Horne Tooke, or perhaps we should
ble writers since 1820, in discussing the imper-
go back to Socrates and Cratylus, and even of fect passive. Such work certainly gives an
these we must gain a notion at second-hand
example of thoroughness. It shows how men
from the photographs of Landor and Plato. ought to read if they would know how good
Our modern method is to preserve such en-
writers express themselves; it shows the basis
counters in the kinetoscope ; Mr. Williams's
upon which opinions as to correct diction
publication of some of his letters, with Dr.
should rest; it shows what “good usage
Hall's replies, makes us absolute spectators.
ought to mean. We are far too apt to fancy
The range of this interesting book is not very
that two or three examples will settle the mat-
great: some half a dozen questions only are
ter enough for our purposes.
exploited, and these are of a minor character.
From this point of view Mr. Williams's book
Known to, none but they, the imperfect passive, is valuable. Interesting it is, too, and often
in or at with place names, to part with, every and amusing* (neither of these gladiators is with-
each, — these, and “the American dialect,” are
out a sense of humor), and certainly a book
the chief topics. Knowledge on them is pleas- that one likes to have.
that one likes to have. But beyond this, it is
,
ant, but it is not too much to say that we could
a noteworthy book, for it gives a better idea
live, write, and speak happily without discom-
than the average reader has of what is meant,
forting ourselves very much on their account. or should be meant, by "good usage.'
But, actually, a book like this bas a far
EDWARD E. HALE, JR.
greater import than might appear at first sight.
Most amusing, perhaps, is the entry s.v. Hall in the Index
It marks a point well worth noting in the of Words and Phrases.
speaking and writing of correct English. Some
nations have definite authorities that can be
appealed to in disputed cases; we have none.
HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS.
Our principle of leaving to private enterprise
all that government is not compelled to assume Herr Sienkiewicz's highly successful novel “Quo
as a charge, has left the regulating our speech Vadis” comes to us from Messrs. Little, Brown,
to the private effort of grammarians and lexi- & Co. in two shapely octavo volumes resplendent
cographers, and no one of these powers being, in the Holiday pomp of rich purple-and-gold bind-
as such, of any especial authority (despite the ings, and liberally strewn with full-page illustra-
most vigorous advertisement and commenda-
tions in photogravure. The artists are Messrs.
Howard Pyle, E. H. Garrett, and Evert Van Muy-
tion), one and all take their stand on the rock
of “good usage.”
Other considerations may
den. Of these gentlemen the one last named seems
to us to have done the best work. His drawings
enter into discussion, but this is the great have a strength which Mr. Garrett’s nearly always
foundation stone, or, more accurately, touch- lack, and they are superior to Mr. Pyle's as pic-
stone. Hence the importance in any given torial efforts of the historic imagination. Old Rome
case of knowing what good usage is. In many seems to live again in such plates of Mr. Van Muy-
cases the fact (carefully hidden from sight) is
den's as
“The Rescue of Lygia” and “Nero's
that “good usage
” is a kind of Mrs. Harris: Chained Lions and Tigers.” Mr. Garrett's draw-
" there's no sich person.
But often it would ings are pretty and graceful, as they usually are,
seem that there is a sort of instinct among
and Mr. Pyle's show a lively, if not at all times a
sound, fancy. Some of Mr. Pyle's work is so good
good writers which leads them in any particu-
iar case to follow one mode of expression aberrations, for example, as the central figure of his
that one is impelled to wonder the more at such
*SOME QUESTIONS OF GOOD ENGLISH. By Ralph Olm-
“The Conversion of Chilo.” Besides the drawings
sted Williams. New York: Henry Holt & Co.
of the artists just named there are several plates
I.
>


1897.]
885
THE DIAL
«« The
9
66
a
from photographs of ancient busts and edifices, in the phrase, “escaped back to nature."
famous historical paintings, etc. The pictorial aver- silence of that world,” he says, “ seems to have
age is good, and we are glad to note the inclusion come unbroken from behind Genesis, to have been
of several maps and architectural plans that will earlier than the beginning, to make one with the
greatly assist intelligent reading. Altogether the planets, to have known mysteries that dwindle Rome
edition is a very attractive and tasteful one, and to a show." It is perhaps only to the initiated that
should prove one of the successes of the season. such phrases are not hyperbole; one must have
Messrs. Harper & Brothers issue in a fine tall been thrilled by the plains themselves to realize
folio volume entitled “All Hands,” the series of their profound significance. But those who have
pictures of life in the United States Navy, by Mr. known the life of the ranches are always com-
R. F. Zogbaum, which have during the past year rades, as Mr. Wister points out; and to them this
or so formed a striking feature of some of the firm's book of Mr. Remington's will appeal with peculiar
serial publications. Everybody is more or less fa- force. Interest in it may be languid for others, but
miliar with Mr. Zogbaum's realistic and spirited not for them. And they know that the artist, also,
work, which is as distinctly sui generis and as easily has felt “the nameless magic of the plains."
'
recognizable as is that of Mr. Remington or Mr. There is something more than realism in many of
Gibson. It is evident throughout the present series these pictures; there is an imaginative grasp of the
of plates that the artist has a very warm place in- situation. Behind the poverty and loneliness, the
deed in his heart for "Jack" — who is, he thinks, activity and daring of this life, Mr. Remington sees
despite the fact that he goes down to sea nowadays, its color, its poetry. Upon him, too, “the wilder-
not in ships, but in floating forts or colossal tanks ness bas set its spell.” In such drawings as “ The
(“tea-kettles," Farragut called them), very much Pony War-Dance" and "The Coming Storm " he
“
the same sort of jovial, free-handed chap that he expresses something of the mystery, the primitive
was “in Rodney's day.” We should say that "Jack" Titanic grandeur, of the race that is passing away.
of to-day is much more of a mechanic and rather In these, and in “ Hostiles Watching the Column ”
less of a sailor than were the pig-tailed “Tom Bowl. and “The Missionary and the Medicine Man,” he
ings” and “long Tom Coffins” of yore. But if he unites man with the elements, and he seems to
can't "reef, furl, and handle,” and “sailorize” gen. bring the pitiful solitude into conjunction with the
erally, as well as his salter predecessors could, he rest of the world. Yet there are other drawings in
hasn't forgotten the art of “splicing the main-brace," which the realism is almost photographic, and it is
as some of Mr. Zogbaum's pictures indicate. The not in them that we find the many evidences of
series is both instructive and entertaining. It deals growth. Mr. Remington has done much, also, for
with every phase of life aboard the modern man-of- the ranchman and the soldier, and in both he gives
war, ranging from grave to gay, from peace to war, us the real thing. These are no play cowboys,
from cabin to forecastle. It shows u8 Jack afloat prettily decked out in sombreros and chaparreros.
and Jack ashore; Jack at work and Jack at play; Like the soldiers, they have seen hard service, and
Jack "sky-larking" in the Dog Watch, and Jack one feels absolute confidence in their ability to rope
standing at the gangway beside the bier of a mess- a steer or break a broncho. When all this wild pic-
mate who has slipped his cable for the other world; turesque life shall have passed away, this record of
it shows us Jack dining, bathing, boat-racing, hig- Mr. Remington's will have enormous historical value.
gling with the “bumboat women," and what not. Professor W. M. Sloane's elaborately mounted
There is no text save a brief general introduction “ Life of Napoleon Bonaparte” (Century Co.)
on the modern battle-ship and the American naval comes to an end with Volume IV., now before us.
question in general. Mr. Zogbaum is naturally of With the general style and quality of the work our
opinion that if we are going to have a navy at all, readers are doubtless already tolerably familiar.
we ought to have an effective one — -one in fact as Without displaying any marked force or grace of
well as in name, and one to be proud of rather than narration, it maintains a respectable level of literary
ashamed of. A cheap navy breeds contempt and merit throughout.
The chief value of the work
insult in time of peace, and disaster in time of war. springs from the author's
intimate knowledge of his
Washington's maxim, “To be prepared for war is
theme in all its details. He tells his story directly,
the most effectual means to promote peace,” is without rhetorical flourish, and with a constant view
worth weighing; and the greatly improved condi- to the tastes and capacities of the average magazine
tion of our navy to-day ought to be a source of satis- reader. The Life is, therefore, an excellent one for
faction to every American. Mr. Zogbaum's lively popular reading; and as such we cordially recom-
pictures afford us an excellent means of studying mend it. Its sumptuous setting makes it a desirable
the life on board of “Uncle Sam’s” new ironclads, gift-book of the more expensive sort. Professor
and the publishers have grouped them conveniently Sloane’s conception of Napoleon is rational and im-
in one of the season's handsomest gift-books. partial, he having plainly divested his mind of the
In his preface to “Drawings by Frederic Rem- stock exaggerations of the Napoleonic legend. The
ington” (R. H. Russell), Mr. Owen Wister tries to present volume, opening with the retreat from Mos-
analyze the charm of the far West. It eludes him, cow and closing with the final scene at St. Helena,
as he knew it would, except so much as he expresses treats in full detail such events as the crossing of
*


836
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
list
lica
the Beresina, the rise of the nations, the end of the critic, has taken his part, and is very unlikely to
Grand Army, the invasion of France, the fall of forget him in the day of final award." The books
Paris, Elba, Ligny, Quatre Bras, Waterloo. A list are well printed, and illustrated with many good
of historical sources is appended. The illustrations photogravures, - portraits of Thoreau and his
comprise nineteen full-page plates in color after his- friends, their homes and his, and landscapes show-
torical paintings by Orchardson, Flameng, Geri- ing the places he loved and made the world love.
cault, Berne-Bellecour, Vernet, Meissonier, etc., to- A new edition of “ The Critical Period of Amer-
gether with plates prepared especially for the work ican History, 1783–1789” (Houghton), by Profes-
by Myrbach. The volume is well supplied with sor John Fiske, is enriched with numerous illustra-
maps. While the pictures (serving the end of em- tions and maps. The text has been carefully revised,
bellishment rather than instruction) do not exactly and the illustrations selected by the author with
meet our views of the proper illustration of history, special regard to their historical value. There are
they are generally beautiful and striking in them- many portraits, some of which, like the very indi-
selves, and lend the work a distinct character and vidual one of James Madison, are quite unfamiliar;
attractiveness as a Holiday publication. Messrs. and many interesting facsimiles of early documents
McDonnell Bros., of Chicago, are the general agents and engravings. In addition to these, Mr. Fiske
for the work.
has resurrected some curious old caricatures, which
Among the many well-known works that appear are eloquent of popular feeling at the time. The
this season in a holiday edition, Irving': “ Astoria” book is very well printed and bound, and the
is given a conspicuous place. It is presented in the illustrations add greatly to the value of a work
elaborate style of decoration and embellishment which without them had no rival.
adopted by its publishers (Putnam) for their an- Mrs. Maud Wilder Goodwin's historical stories,
nual holiday selection from Irving's works, the num- “The Head of a Hundred” and “White Aprons,"
ber for this year being appropriately called the “ Ta- come to us boxed together as a set and in dainty
coma” edition. It is published in two volumes, with Holiday dress, under the joint title “Romances of
a good cover in red brown and gold on white, and Colonial Virginia” (Little, Brown, & Co.). We
is illustrated with numerous photogravures based have had occasion before to praise these wholesome
chiefly on photographs and representing the work and tenderly imaginative tales of the Old Dominion.
of Messrs. Church, Beard, Zogbaum, Eaton, and Mrs. Goodwin has done well to turn her serious his-
other artists. Each page of text is framed in a col- torical studies, directly embodied in her capital little
ored decorative border, the work of Miss Margaret study of The Colonial Cavalier," to artistic account.
“
Armstrong. The result is a striking presentation of The action of the stories is well thought out, the sit-
the famous “ anecdotes of an enterprise beyond the uations are effective, and the love-scenes duly tender
Rocky Mountains.”
and genuine. The dialogue is fairly animated, and
Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons have chosen for just touched with a due degree of archaism
their leading holiday work this year Mr. Cable's though here, it must be noted, Mrs. Goodwin's
“Old Creole Days.” The volume clearly and little fishes do incline at times to talk like whales
tastefully printed, and is given an effective cover and just a trifle in the style of the superfine heroes
in grays. Its greatest charm, however, is in the and heroines of the eighteenth-century novel. But
drawings, by Mr. Albert Herter, which have marked where the whole is so good, critical flaw-picking is
individuality and character. Except in the frontis- ungracious ; and we gladly welcome Mrs. Good-
piece, the rich beauty of the Creole type almost win's popular tales in their new and seasonable set-
eludes the artist. His drawings are delightful, but they ting. The volumes are tastily bound in light-green
might represent the North as well as the South. The ornately stamped in gilt, and each contains five
delicacy of the author's differentiation is not quite photogravure plates, together with decorative head-
caught. In spite of this, however, the work is one ings and an ornamental title-page. Altogether the
-
of the most beautiful and satisfactory of the holiday little set is most enticing, and should find its way
books of the year.
to many a Holiday table this season.
Thoreau's “ Walden” is republished by Messrs. Of the making of books on themes colonial there
Houghton, Miffin & Co. in two volumes, with an seems now to be no end. The latest writer to ex.
introduction by Mr. Bradford Torrey, himself a ploit this prolific field is “ Marion Harland," and
familiar of the woods. He proclaims at the begin- her book, "Some Colonial Homesteads and their
ning that in spite of itself the world likes eccentric Stories ” (Putnam), is in form and content one of
people. “Its wisdom is prudence,” he says. “Its the most attractive of its kind. The more or less
rule of life is to keep on the safe side. Follow the romantic stories that cluster like ancestral ivy round
path, it says; take no risks. Yet it admires au- the picturesque old houses described by Mrs. Ter-
dacity, independence, originality, and, after the hune are told by her with evident gusto and a cer-
event, applauds nothing so much as a violation of tain old-fashioned preciosity of style that is appro-
its own maxims.” In a spirit of sympathy and ad- priate enough and not at all unpleasant. The tales
miration Mr. Torrey writes of Thoreau and his work, were gathered during the narrator's visits at the
defending him, unnecessarily perhaps, from un- houses described (“historical shrines,” she calls
worthy attacks, but feeling that "Time, the ultimate them); and she testifies to the “gracious readiness”
>


1897.]
337
THE DIAL
of the present representatives of the ancient Van a useful and timely one, for we are in danger of for-
Cortlandts, Morrises, Schuylers, Smiths, and so on, getting our Dutch ancestry in our absorption in the
to place their ancestral parchments and muniments omniverous Puritan.
of nobility at her disposal - even, we presume, with Modestly ornate in form and freshly sweet in
the full knowledge that not only was she “amang” content are the brace of twin duodecimos severally
them with the express purpose of “takin' notes," entitled “Travels in a Tree-Top” and “ The Free-
but that, like Captain Grose, she was eke going to dom of the Fields,” and boxed together under the
“prent it." Family records, manuscript letters, old joint style, “Fireside and Forest Library” (Lip-
portraits, were freely turned over for her inspection; pincott). The author is Mr. Charles C. Abbott, a
and she is even able to gratify her readers with an pleasant writer of the Thoreau-Jefferies-Burroughs
occasional peep at an interesting ancestral family school, and the volumes contain respectively seven-
skeleton,- in itself no bad title to social distinction; teen and fifteen erisp little papers, largely on sylvan
the next best thing socially, as we know, to having scenes and pleasures. Mr. Abbott is by no means
a particularly good ancestor to point to, being to a mere echo of his perhaps more widely read co-
have a particularly bad one. Though the historical laborers, his work having a distinct savor of its
interest of the book is of course rather slight, Mrs. own, a tang, as it were, like that of wild fruit. To
Terbune makes good her claim to the due degree read him is to retrace in fancy, and with sharpened
of historical accuracy in the framework of recorded zest and eyesight, the half-remembered delicious path
fact that surrounds her sketches. Among the co- of many a bygone summer or springtide ramble,-
lonial homesteads described are the Virginian seats no bad occupation for a winter's night, when the
of Brandon, Westover, Shirley, etc., the Morris lamp is alit and the fire glowing, and the driving
House at Germantown, the Schuyler and Colfax sleet is drumming at the window-pane, like Winter
Houses of New Jersey, the New York manor houses tapping for admission. The volumes are made up
of the Van Cortlandts, Livingstones, Philipses, the in the best of taste, and each contains four accept-
Jumel Mansion, the Pierce House and the “ Parson able illustrations by Mrs. Alice Barber Stephens.
Williams" House of Massachusetts, and the Smith Redolent throughout of the true spirit and signifi-
House of Connecticut. The illustrations comprise cance of the great Christian festival is Dr. Henry
a great number of views of historic sites and homes,
Van Dyke's sweet and tender old-time story of “The
architectural details, coats-of-arms, portraits, etc. First Christmas Tree" (Scribner). It opens with
The volume is clearly printed on lightly glazed paper, the day before Christmas, in the year of our Lord
and forms a dainty and acceptable gift-book. 722; and is divided into four main scenes or phases :
A book about our own country, which Mr. Edmund
“ The Call of the Woodsman,” “ The Trail of the
H. Garrett has written and illustrated, bears the
Forest,” “ The Shadow of the Thunder - Oak,"
rather ponderous title of “ Romance and Reality
“ The Felling of the Tree.” In the first scene we
of the Paritan Coast ” (Little, Brown, & Co.). It
are shown the peaceful cloister of Pfalzel, on the
was written avowedly around the pictures, which are banks of the Moselle. It is Christmas-eve; and the
certainly the charm of the book; but it describes in
pious nuns are making holiday, and awaiting with
the idlest fashion the “ north shore” of the Massa-
Auttered anticipation a famous visitor — Winifried
chusetts coast, and encourages the art of “strolling of England, called Boniface, the Apostle of Ger-
a-wheel.” A little history and a little romance are
many. The chapter closes with the resolve of young
mixed up with the modern wheeling and bathing and
Prince Gregor, a visitor at the convent and the son
yachting, and there are occasional delightful pictures of the royal Abbess of Pfalzel, to quit the princely
of the dames and squires of other days. The text
pomps and vanities of the life then opening out
is very light and very rambling, but it forms an
before him, and to share the lonely apostolate of
appropriate setting for the pretty pictures.
Winifried among the heathen Germans. In the
“Historic New York” (Putnam) is a more serious
final chapter Winifried and Gregor in the forest fall
treatment of the lives of our ancestors. It is edited
in with a heathen tribe who are about to sacrifice
by Mrs. Maud Wilder Goodwin, Mrs. Alice Car-
(on Christmas-eve) the son of their chief to Thor
rington Royce, and Miss Ruth Putnam, and contains
at the foot of the mystic thunder-oak. The arm of
essays by several other writers who have studied the
the Apostle interposes to stay the sacrificial axe in
subject. An effort has been made to give an accurate
its descent; the boy is saved ; the thunder-oak is
and vivid picture of the city of New Amsterdam and
felled by the missionaries; the chief and his follow-
its people. The idea is an excellent one, and it is
ers accept the sign; a stately fir is felled at the bid-
carried out by the essayists with knowledge and
ding of Winifried and borne in triumph to the great
skill. There are papers on the State-House, by Mrs. hall, where it is raised all glittering with tapers to
Alice Morse Earle ; on the “ Early History of Wall
serve as “ The First Christmas-Tree,” while Gregor
Street," by Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard ; on “ Old
and his companions chant their Christmas hymn:
Greenwich," by Miss Elizabeth Bisland ; on “ The
“All glory be to God on high,
Fourteen Miles Round,” by Mr. Alfred B. Mason
And to the earth be peace !
and Mrs. Mary Murdoch Mason ; and on the Bowery,
Good-will henceforth from heaven to man
King's College (now Columbia), Governor's Island,
Begin and never cease.”
and several other subjects of interest. The book is The book contains four beautiful photogravures


838
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
a
from designs by Mr. Howard Pyle, which are among also originality and a rich imaginative grace. They
the best things we remember to have seen from his are in harmony with the lovely poem they ornament;
pencil. The volume is prettily bound and well and if occasionally they seem too sophisticated for
printed, and the scroll of oak-leaves and acorns en- its simplicity, it is, after all, a subtlety appropriate
closing the text on each page has a good effect. to the poet's imagination. They are serious and
The pecial features of Messrs. Fords, Howard sincere in feeling, and exquisitely decorative in
& Hulbert's pretty Holiday edition of Tennyson's treatment. The edition is limited to one thousand
“In Memoriam” are Dr. Henry Van Dyke's criti- copies on unbleached hand-made paper, and twenty-
cal and descriptive preface and the profuse deco- eight on Japanese vellum. It has been issued in
rative and illustrative drawings by Mr. Harry Fenn. sections, all of which are now out. - The edition of
The poem lends itself fairly well to illustration, the same poem published in London by J. M. Dent
and Mr. Fenn has acquitted himself creditably, & Co., and imported by the Macmillan Co., is also
especially in the bits of landscape thrown in here sumptuous, but it has not the rare harmonious
and there in accordance with the suggestions of the beauty of the other. The two bulky volumes are of
text. The merely decorative drawings, initial letters, an awkward size, and are yet too small for decora-
tail-pieces, and so on, are perhaps a little stiff, and ons so elaborate. The artist is Mr. Louis Fairfax
hint sometimes at a jaded or a spurred fancy; but Muckley ; but his work resembles that of William
the effect of the ensemble is pleasing enough, and Morris, much coarsened and weakened. The books
the edition may be commended to readers whose from the Kelmscott press have a beauty of their
enjoyment of “In Memoriam " can be enhanced by own, but it will not bear imitation. Without sin-
pictorial aids. Dr. Van Dyke's preface gives a brief cerity and appropriateness, without originality of
analysis of the poem in its broader aspects, and re- thought and fertility of invention, such work is a
counts the touching story of its origin. The text is dim and meaningless echo. The decorative use of
fairly printed on lightly glazed paper, and the bind- contrasts, the effective balance of light and shade,
ing is dainty and suggestive of the gift-book. are problems unsolved by this draftsman. In his
Two new and sumptuous editions of “ The Faerie effort to be decorative, he is merely empty and
Queene" are encouraging signs that we are not ab- stilted, and his simplicity is not the lovely and joy-
sorbed in the modern and the eccentric to the entire ous simplicity of Spenser. There is a blatant quality
exclusion of the great poets of old. The more in the work which is foreign to the poet's sponta-
beautiful of these editions is illustrated by Mr. neity, which the occasional bad drawing and the
Walter Crane, and published in London by Mr. complicated decorative motives do not help to con-
George Allen, and in New York by the Macmillan ceal. The book is furnished with a critical Intro-
Co. The work is edited by Mr. Thomas J. Wise, duction, the English of which is itself open to
who has attempted merely to furnish an accurate criticism, by Mr. John W. Hales, M.A., professor
text. His work has been carefully done, and in his of English literature at King's College, London.
preface, besides naming his authorities, he describes The edition is limited to 1,350 copies.
with many valuable details the various early editions William Morris has much to answer for in these
of the poem in such a way that collectors may easily holiday books.
holiday books. Mr. W. B. Macdougall
, the artist
verify their copies. He prints also the seventeen who decorated “The Fall of the Nibelungs ” (Dent-
sonnets which were appended to the first edition, Macmillan), has studied his work too superficially.
together with the five stanzas at the end of the That kind of illustration is only justified by being
twelfth canto of Book III., which were suppressed done extremely well; and no such excuse can be
in the edition of 1596. The title-pages of the early offered for the pictures in this book. It seems as
editions are here reproduced in facsimile. The though one page of William Morris would have
selection of an illustrator was particularly happy, given a designer more ideas than are displayed in
as Mr. Crane's style is admirably adapted to the all these drawings. The fine old myths are “done
presentation of Spenser's thought. Mr. Crane him- into English " by Miss Margaret Armour, who calls
self seems the product of another century than ours; her work a "plain prose rendering." Nevertheless
“
there is something primitive and archaic in his very her prose is elaborately archaic, her effort to bring
subtlety. He too has the love of fairies and alle it close to the original resulting in much that is
gories and of decorative pageantry, which is requisite artificial and stilted. Such English cannot be natural
to a true interpretation. It was a great opportunity to us moderns, and sincerity and simplicity, even a
for an artist, and probably no man living could have certain naiveté, are its necessary ingredients. A
risen to it so sympathetically as Mr. Crane. The rendering in modern English, if it were written with
borders for his pictures are rich in decorative sym- ability, with a kind of poetic sympathy, would be
bolism, assisting and completing the allegory, and much nearer the original than these archaisms. But
forming, with their conventionalized trees and fig- one could forgive the writer if her prose were beau-
ures, an exquisitely beautiful frame. In the designs tiful. It has no music, no rhythm. She has used
themselves there is great beauty of line and an ad- Simrock's arrangement of the text, and the stories
mirable adjustment of contrasts in the blacks and themselves are always interesting. They differ
whites. Such drawings as the Dance of the Graces, much, however, from the familiar Wagnerian ver-
Diana's Bath, and Nature and Mutability, possess sion. The paper and print of the book are excellent.
9


1897.]
839
THE DIAL
The Arthurian legends, also, are given a new made important changes in our knowledge of the
interpretation. In “ King Arthur and the Table lives and works of the artists. The editors, Messrs.
Round” (Houghton), the tales are taken chiefly from E. H. and E. W. Blashfield and A. A. Hopkins, in
the old French of Crestien of Troyes, whose fame their admirable preface, say that “art literature has
has only recently been resurrected. They are trans- passed through its ages of faith, of personal inspira-
lated and edited with notes by Mr. William Wells tion, and has now entered into its age of inquiry.”
Newell, who has written also an introduction deal- Their summary of the method and results of mod-
ing with the history of Arthurian romance and the ern research is concise and lucid, showing the revo-
variations it has undergone in passing from hand to lutionary theories of the “detective school” of
hand. He finds it to be,"not only in style and decora- criticism and the changes it has made in the repu-
tion, but also in idea and outline,” of French con- tations of several painters. Nothing that Morelli
struction. “ Their virtues," he says, " are nearly has touched remains quite the same. We may object
the opposites of qualities which would have found to his intensely material system of identification,
favor in British antiquity.” To Crestien of Troyes but we are obliged to accept its results nevertheless.
he ascribes the merit of largely inventing these ro- This preface indicates, also, the mistakes that Vasari
mances and of giving them color and beauty. In hac
has been discovered to have made in the characters
comparison with his version, he thinks that all others of certain painters, and it shows especially how much
have their points of weakness and ineffectiveness. Filippo Lippi, Andrea del Sarto and Perugino have
He regrets that Tennyson did not have access to it, gained in honor through the single-minded, devoted
and shows where he has altered the matter of the work of scholars. All of these changes are empha-
original legends and their spirit. One of the most sized and elaborated in the copious and well-written
conspicuous changes was in the character of Gawain, notes, which also identify some “ lost" pictures and
who in the old romance was the very essence of give much information in regard to the present
chivalry. The end of the story of Launcelot and location of works of art described by Vasari. The
Guinevere is also very different in the “ Idylls of the work has been done in the most careful and thor.
King," and Arthur's prophetic knowledge of his fate ough manner consistent with an untechnical com-
and his moralizing over it were unknown to the mentary upon the text. In order that the material
earlier version. Tennyson, however, made no pre might be compressed into four volumes without
tense of accuracy, and any interpretation of such abbreviating the notes, seventy of the most interest-
stories is inevitably colored by the personality of the ing and important of the biographies were selected,
poet. As Mr. Newell relates them, they are extremely those less valuable to the public, and even to the
interesting. His prose is simple and dignified, and, student, being omitted.
except for an occasional brusqueness, interprets the There are other books for other art enthusiasts.
beauty of the old stories sufficiently well. He uses “Sunlight and Shadow" (Baker & Taylor Co.) is
no flourishes nor ornament, leaving the poetry that designed for photographers. Those who have passed
lies in the structure of the tales to speak for itself. their novitiate and wish to do serious work with the
The two volumes are well printed and effectively camera are expected to profit by it. The editor,
bound in gray and white.
Mr. W. I. Lincoln Adams, has collected, from vari-
A third edition, embellished with twenty-four ous journals of photography, papers on such ad-
finely executed photogravure illustrations, of Herr vanced subjects as lighting, grouping, the choice of
Bernhard Berenson's admirable book on “ The subject, marines, and night pictures. They are
Venetian Painters of the Renaissance " is published written by different experts, who thus give the ama-
by Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons. Herr Berenson's teur the benefit of their special experiences. Beauty
appreciations of the great Venetians and the beau- of style, however, was not considered in making the
ties and peculiarities of their school are luminous selection, and photographers must be guiltless of a
and penetrating, and altogether worthy of their sense of humor. It is interesting to learn, for ex-
present sumptuous setting. A useful feature is the ample, that “the introduction of appropriate skies is
well compiled Index to the paintings of the leading of prime importance in landscape"; and we rather
Venetian artists, wherein, we are glad to note, doubt- like to be assured that “for a rugged mountain
fulattributions are clearly and unsparingly indicated. scene we do not want the calm and serene." The
The text is handsomely printed on high-class paper, book is a little too advanced for the beginner and
and the work forms altogether one of the most too elementary for the expert. The artist will not
elegant and substantial gift-books on our list. learn much from suggestions which are either ob-
It is nearly fifty years since Mrs. Jonathan Fos- vious or too cut-and-dried. The technical informa-
ter's translation of Vasari's “ Lives of the Painters” tion about the camera itself and its relation to its
was published ; and though a volume of notes was subject are useful; but for anything beyond that,
added to it by Dr. Ricbter in 1885, the new edition the student should study rather the great princi-
of the work issued by Messrs. Charles Scribner's ples of art. The book is a quarto, illustrated with
Sons is the first attempt to annotate the lives with many good photographs, some of which are also
the results of modern criticism. The past twenty artistic.
years have seen a remarkable revival of interest in De la Motte Fouqué's “ Undine” is reprinted by
Italian art, and the many critics it has evoked have the Macmillan Co., with illustrations and decorative


340
(Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
a
66
designs by Miss Rosie M.M. Pitman. They are charm- picturesque and sentimental, and there is a due
ing, these drawings, very decorative and very fanci- | leaven of humor. For one sojourning for a time
ful. In many of them the artist's imagination seems in Venice the book would form an entertaining and
to have entered into that of the writer, 80 sympathet- a suggestive, and in a small way an informing, com-
ically does she express the weird loveliness of the panion. There are a dozen slight but effective
story. Even in her handling of line in the exquisite drawings, and the volume is neatly made.
little head-pieces, one finds a touch of the unearthly. The Putnams issue, in attractive holiday garb,
There is much symbolism in the pictures,—80 much, Edmondo de Amicis' lively and piquant account of
indeed, that the artist prints descriptions of them in his experiences on an Italian liner, entitled “On Blue
the index. They are unnecessary, however, for most Water.” The volume contains some 300
pages,
and
of the drawings have a beauty of their own, inde- there are 60 drawings, full-page and vignette, of
pendent of such hidden meaning. And symbolism, good quality. In the text, the witty and eloquent
to be justified, should explain itself without liter