509 The University of Cbicago Libraries Creg, Vila CatSci Exco entia latur GIFT OF Hartgan Poule Orad. THE DIAL A Semi-Montbly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information VOLUME XXV. JULY 1 TO DECEMBER 16, 1898 CHICAGO: THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS 1898 '' من V, 25 РАав . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 . INDEX TO VOLUME XXV. AMBRICAN LAWYER, A GREAT Harry W. Reed 68 ANGLO-SAXON; SUPREMACY OF THE Wallace Rice 299 ARYANS, PROBLEM OF THE Frederick Starr 45 BATTLES LONG AGO.” Josiah Renick Smith 102 BIOGRAPHIES, : RECENT, A QUARTETTE OF Percy Favor Bicknell 15 BISMARCK AND HIS 'BOSWELL 255 BLACK, WILLIAM 447 BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG, 1898 405, 465 BOOKS OF THE FALL SEASON OF 1898. 159 CENTURY ATLAS, THE Melville B. Anderson 97 CHINA IN TRANSFORMATION 163 CHIPS FROM A CRITIC'S SHOULDER Edward E. Hale, Jr. 128 CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS B. A. Hinsdale 251 CONTINENTAL LITERATURE, A YEAR OF 61, 93 CROMWELL, A GREAT HISTORIAN'S TREATMENT OF Benjamin Terry 222 CURRENCY AND FINANCE, RECENT STUDIES IN M. B. Hammond 347 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, LAST SIGNER OF THE . Edwin E. Sparks 13 DICKENS, A LATTER-DAY NOVELIST ON Edward E. Hale, Jr. 297 DRAMA, NEO-IDEALISM IN THE Edward E. Hale, Jr. 340 DRAMA, THE, AS ART 333 “ DRAMA, THE, AS LITERATURE Edward E. Hale, Jr. 43 ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, RECENT ESSAYS IN A. H. Noll. 104 ENGLISH AND SPANISH SEA POWER James Westfall Thompson 65 ENGLISH RACE, EXPANSION OF THE . F. H. Hodder 342 ETHICS, NEW SCIENCE OF Edward Howard Griggs 300 FICTION, AMERICAN, A CENTURY OF 9 FICTION, RECENT Wm. Morton Payne 20, 75, 170, 301, 456 , , FOLK-LORE CONGRESS, PAPERS FROM THE Merton L. Miller . 169 FREDERIC, HAROLD 289 FREEING A DIRECTION Charles Leonard Moore . FRENCH HISTORY, THREE CHARACTERS FROM Josiah Renick Smith 130 GREECE, A SCHOLARS' HISTORY OF . Josiah Renick Smith 168 HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS, 1898 398, 459 INDIA, AN ENCYCLOPÆDIC WORK ON Frederick Starr 225 INSPIRATION Charles Leonard Moore . 215 JEFFREYS, “BLOODY," A NEW VIEW OF Percy Favor Bicknell 103 JOHNSTON, RICHARD MALCOLM 213 KNOWLEDGE ON FAITH, REACTION OF John Bascom 46 LAWS AND LIFE OF A PEOPLE Francis W. Shepardson 220 LETTERS, TIME-GUAGE IN . S. R. Elliott 123 LOCAL COLOR AND ETERNAL TRUTH William Cranston Lawton 38 LYCEUM, THE BYGONE Mark Lee Luther 291 MEDIEVAL LAW AND POLITICS Wallace Rice 71 MEXICO, AN AUTHORITATIVE BOOK ON Frederick Starr 131 MILES, GENERAL, IN EUROPE 126 MONROE DOCTRINE FROM AN ENGLISH STANDPOINT F. H. Hodder 41 MORALS, AN EVOLUTIONARY THEORY OF Hiram M. Stanley 167 MORRIS, WILLIAM, LIFE AND WORK OF . George M. R. Twose 343 NAPOLEON THE THIRD, MR. FORBES'S LIFE OF 219 NATURE FOR NATURE'S SAKE. Henry C. Payne 100 NEW BOOK ON AN OLD THEME . B. A. Hinsdale 165 NEWSPAPER CORRESPONDENT OF THE CIVIL WAR, A Famous Percy Favor Bicknell 454 ORIENTALIST, TRAVELLER, AND DIPLOMAT Percy Favor Bicknell 259 PARKMAN, FRANCIS, AND HIS WORK Frederick J. Turner . 451 PASSING Show, THE . W. E. Simonds 11 PEARY, LIEUTENANT, IN NORTHERN GREENLAND Selim H. Peabody 40 PEDAGOGICAL LITERATURE, RECENT B. A. Hinsdale 261 PHILIPPINES AS THEY ARE John J. Culver 455 POETRY, AMERICAN, RECENT William Morton Payne 132 RELIGION, PRIMITIVE, MR. LANG ON Frederick Starr 393 RESPONSIBILITY, OUR, NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL John J. Halsey 295 ROMANCE, REVIVAL OF 387 6 . . . . . 9 . . . . . . E 137010 INDEX. iii. PAGE . . . . . ROMANCER, A MODERN . Margaret Steele Anderson . 14 ROME, ROMANCE OF . Josiah Renick Smith 390 SOCIETY, GUESSES AT RIDDLES OF C. R. Henderson . 72 SPANISH INFLUENCES AND INSTITUTIONS IN AMERICA . Arthur Howard Noll 391 TEACHERS, A COLLEGE FOR 249 TOLSTOY, COUNT 121 TRAVEL, RECENT BOOKS OF Hiram M. Stanley 17, 226 TRAVEL, SOME RECENT BOOKS OF Wallace Rice 394 WAR, ART OF, LESSONS IN Williston Fish . 70 WAR HISTORIES, FIRST OF THE Wallace Rice 258 WASHINGTON IN HIS DAILY LIFE Edwin E. Sparks 346 ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE. Temple Scott 161, 217, 253, 354, 389, 471 ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS OF 1898 177, 232 BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING, A CLASSIFIED LIST OF 26 BRIEFS ON NEW Books . 23, 47, 79, 106, 136, 172, 227, 265, 306, 350 BRIEFER MENTION 25, 50, 82, 109, 139, 176, 230, 268, 309, 353 LITERARY NOTES. 25, 51, 82, 109, 139, 185, 231, 268, 309, 354, 410, 472 TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS 27, 83, 140, 231, 310, 473 LISTS OF NEW BOOKS 28, 52, 84, 110, 140, 233, 269, 310, 355, 411, 473 . . • . PAGE 46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . AUTHORS AND TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED. PAGB Abbott, Charles C. Clear Skies and Cloudy 401 Beaton, David. Selfhood and Service Abbott, Evelyn. Hellenica, second edition 410 Beazley, C. Raymond. John and Sebastian Cabot 342 Adams, W. I. Lincoln. In Nature's Image 399 Becke, Louis, and Jeffery, Walter. The Mutineer 78 Adventure Series, popular re-issue 355 Bell, J. J. New Noah's Ark 469 Alden, Mrs. G. R. As in a Mirror 468 Belmont, Perry. Present Currency Perils .. 349 Alexander, James W. Princeton . 230 Beresford, Lord, and Wilson, H. W. Nelson . 106 Alexander, W.J. Select Poems of Shelley . 309 Bigelow, John. Franklin's Autobiography, rev. ed. 472 Alger, Abby L. Little Flowers of St. Francis 464 Black, Alexander. Miss America 461 Alger, Horatio, Jr. Young Bank Messenger 466 Black, Hugh. Friendship 465 Allen and Greenough's Cæsar, new edition 25 Black, William. Wild Eelin 457 Allen, J. L. The Choir Invisible, holiday edition 462 Blaikie, Wm. How to Get Strong, revised edition 354 Anstey, F. Paleface and Redskin 466 Blanchan, Neltje. Birds that Hunt . 401 Apgar, A. F. Birds of the United States 110 Blanchard, Amy E. A Girl of '76 407 Appletons' Dictionary of Greater New York 140 Blanchard, Amy E. Kittyboy's Christmas 469 Arnold, Sarah L., and Gilbert, C. B. Stepping Blissett, Nellie K. The Concert-Director 77 Stones to Literature 51 Block, Louis J. Capriccios 306 Atherton, Gertrude. American Wives and English Blundell, Mrs. Francis. Duenna of a Genius . 76 Husbands 75 Böhm-Bawerk, E. von. Karl Marx. 52 Atherton, Gertrude. The Californians 305 Booth, J. L. C. Sporting Rhymes and Pictures • 408 Atherton, Gertrude. The Valiant Runaways . . 467 Boothby, Guy. The Lust of Hate 302 Austen, Jane, Works of, illus. in color by Brock . 398 Boyd, C. E. Cases on Constitutional Law. 50 Austen, Jane, Works of. Little, Brown, & Co.'s ed. 398 Bray, J. W. English Critical Terms 353 Automatic Instructor, The 269 Brewer, E. Cobham. Reader's Handbook, rev. ed. 472 Babcock, W. H. Cian of the Chariots 470 Britton, N. L., and Brown, Addison. Illustrated Bacon, L. W. History of American Christianity . 106 Flora, Vol. III. 173 Badger, J. E., Jr. The Lost City 466 “ Brocade " Series, new vols. in 400 Baker, W. S. Washington after the Revolution 346 Brooks, E. S. Story of Franklin . 405 Balfour, Andrew. To Arms! 303 Brooks, Noah. Boys of Fairport. 466 Barbe, L. A. Kirkaldy of Grange 79 Brooks, Noah. Story of Marco Polo 406 Barham, F. W. Ingoldsby Legends, illus. by Brough, William. Open Mints and Free Banking 348 Rackham 462 Brown, Alexander. First Republic in America - 165 Barnes, Charles R. Plant Life 185 Brown, Calvin S. Later English Drama . 109 Barnes, James. The Hero of Erie 467 Browning, Mrs. Sonnets from the Portuguese, Barnes, J., and Zogbaum, R. F. Ships and Sailors 398 Bell's edition 269 Barr, Robert. Tekla 458 Brownson, H. F. Early Life of Orestes Brownson 176 Barrows, S. J. Isles and Shrines of Greece 19 Bryan, W. L. and Charlotte L. Republic of Plato 264 Baskervill, W. M., and Harrison, J. A. Anglo- Bryant, W. M. Life, Death, and Immortality 46 Saxon Prose Reader 231 Bryce, James. Gladstone 49 Bassett, Helen W., and Starr, Frederick. Folk- Bucban, John. John Burnet of Barns 303 Lore Congress, Vol. I. 169 Buckland, James. Two Little Runaways . 471 Bates, Arlo. The Puritans 305 Bull, Jacob B. Fridtjof Nansen . 470 Bayne, William. James Thomson 350 Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, illus. by Rhead. 460 Beard, Lina and Adelia. Girls' Handy Book . 468 Burgess, Gelett. The Purple Cow 465 S012 26203 . . ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 iv. INDEX. PAGE PAOL . O . o . 75 . . · 469 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 . . . Burrow, Charles K. The Fire of Life 171 Burt, Mary E., and Cable, Mrs. G. W. Eugene Field Book 50 Burton, Sir R. Pilgrimage to Meccah, Bohn ed. 310 Bury, Yetta B. de. French Literature To-day 136 Busch, Moritz. Bismarck 255 Butler, N. M. The Meaning of Education 262 Butterworth, Hezekiah. Lost in Nicaragua 466 Butterworth, Hezekiah. Pinocchio's Adventures 470 Butterworth, Hezekiah. Story of America 405 Butterworth, Hezekiah. The Pilot of the Mayflower 406 Cadet, Felix. Port Royal Education 262 Campbell, W. D. Beyond the Border 409 Canton, William. The Invisible Playmate, and W. V. her Book, new edition. 408 Canton, William. W. V.'s Golden Legend 408 Capes, Bernard. The Lake of Wine 78 Carlyle, “Centenary” edition of 25, 82, 309 Carman, Bliss. By the Aurelian Wall 133 Carpenter, G. R. American Prose 410 Cary, Elizabeth L. Tennyson . 399 Caryl, Guy W. Fables for the Frivolous 403 Caskoden, Edwin. When Knighthood Was in Flower 172 Catlin, Louise E. Marjory and her Neighbors 469 Cawein, Madison. Shapes and Shadows 133 Century Magazine, Vol. LV. 26 Chamberlayne, C. G. Vestry Book of Bristol Parish 308 Champney, Elizabeth W. Witch Winnie in Spain 468 Chap-Book Stories, second series 309 Chapman, J. J. Emerson and Other Essays 128 Chase, Jessie A. Three Freshmen 468 Chautauqua Books for 1898–9. 139 Cheever, Harriet A. Billy Trill 469 Cheever, Harriet A. Little Mr. Van Vere 467 Chester, Norley. Stories from Dante 409 Chetwode, R. D. John of Strathbourne 172 Chinese Children's Calendar for 1899 . 465 Church, A. J. Heroes of Chivalry . 470 Churchill, W. L. S. The Malakand Field Force . 138 Clark, J. Scott. English Prose Writers 353 Clark, William. The Anglican Reformation 105 Clarke, Francis E. Fellow Travellers 227 Clement, Clara E. Angels in Art . 461 Cloud, Virginia W. Down Durley Lane 408 Clymer, W. B. S. Selections from Landor 185 Coale, Isaac, Jr. The Sambo Book . 469 Coates, Florence Earle. Poems 135 Collections and Recollections 107 Collins, Wilkie. John Jasper's Secret, new edition 410 Colonial Soldier Calendar for 1899 . 465 Colquhoun, A. R. China in Transformation 163 Colton, B. P. Physiology 51 Conrad, Joseph. Children of the Sea 78 Conrad, Joseph. Tales of Unrest 78 Cooke, G. W. Early Letters of G. W. Curtis 267 Cooper's Last of the Mohicans, illus. by Brock 463 Corbet, Sybil and Katharine. Garden of Pleasant Beasts 469 Corbett, J. S. Drake and the Tudor Navy 65 Cornford, L. Cope. Sons of Adversity . 76 Cornish, F. W. Dictionary of Antiquities 309 Coues, Elliott. Journal of Jacob Fowler . 108 Cowper, Frank. Island of the English . 407 Crawford, F. Marion. Ave Roma Immortalis 390 Crockett, S. R. The Standard Bearer Crooker, J. H. Growth of Christianity 105 Crooks, G. R. Story of the Christian Church 105 Crouch, Archer P. Señorita Montenar . 21 Cunningham, W. Western Civilization 227 Dana, Charles A. Eastern Journeys 18 Dante Society, Sixteenth Annual Report of 230 Darwin, Leonard. Bimetallism 348 Daudet, Alphonse. Head of the Family 22 Davidson, Thomas. Rousseau and Education 261 Davies, M. W. Marie Corelli Birthday Book 465 Davis, R. H. The King's Jackal . Davis, Varina A. Romance of Summer Seas 304 Dawe, Carlton. A Bride of Japan 20 Dear Little Marchioness . Delafield, Emily P. Alice in Wonderland . 469 Deland, Ellen Douglas. Katrina . · 468 Demolins, Edmond. Anglo-Saxon Superiority • 299 Dickens, Charles. Old Lamps for New Ones 307 Dickens' Child's History of England, illus. by Clifton Johnson 405 Dickens, « Temple " edition of 463 Dodge, Mary M. Irvington Stories, new edition . 468 Dole, N. H. The Rubaiyát, bilingual edition 82 Dole, N. H. The Rubaiyát, holiday edition 460 D'Orléans, Prince Henri. Tonkin to India 17 Dorr, Julia C. R. In Kings' Houses 76 Douglas, Amanda M. A Little Girl in Old Boston 467 Douglas, Amanda M. Sherburne Girls . 467 Dowell, Stephen. Thoughts and Words 410 Driver, S. R. Leviticus, polychrome edition Driver, S. R. Parallel Psalter 268 Dromgoole, Will Allen. A Boy's Battle 467 Dromgoole, Will Allen. A Moonshiner's Son . 467 Dromgoole, Will Allen. Fortunes of the Fellow 467 Dromgoole, Will Allen. Hero-Chums 467 Dromgoole, Will Allen. Rare Old Chums . 469 Dromgoole, Will Allen. Three Little Crackers , 467 Dryer, G. H. History of the Christian Church 105 Dubois, J. A. Hindu Manners 225 Dumas' Twenty Years After, holiday edition 404 Du Maurier, George. Social Pictorial Satire Dunn, Martha B. The Sleeping Beauty 470 Duppa, C. M. Stories from Lowly Life 470 Durand, E. D. Finances of New York City . 349 Duruy's General History, trans. by Grosvenor . 410 Earle, Alice M. Home Life in Colonial Days 461 Earle, John. Simple Grammar of English 81 Ebers, George. Arachne 171 Edgar, J. D. Canada and its Capital 226 Eliot, C. W. Educational Reform 263 Ellis, E. S. Cowmen and Rustlers 407 Ellis, E. S. Klondike Nuggets . 466 Elson, Louis C. Great Composers 462 Emery, H. C. Speculation on Stock Exchanges . 174 Escott-Inman, H. The Owl King . 409 Everett-Green, E. French and English 406 Ewing, Juliana H. Daddy Darwin's Dovecote · 467 “ Faïence” editions, new vols. in 186 Falklands 16 Farmer, James E. The Grenadier 305 Farrar, F. W. Cathedrals of England 462 Fernald, J. C. The Spaniard in History 26 Fezandié, Clement. Through the Earth . 409 Field, H. M. David Dudley Field 68 Finley, Martha. Elsie on the Hudson 469 Finley, Martha. Twiddledetwit 470 Fiske, John. Beginnings of New England, illus. ed. 460 FitzGerald's Rubaiyát, édition de luxe 463 Fling, F. M. European History Studies 268 Flint, Grover. Marching with Gomez 19 . . . . . . . . . 24 . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . O . . . 77 . INDEX. V. PAGE . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . O . . . · 466 . PAGE Forbes, Archibald. Napoleon the Third 219 Ford, J. D. American Cruiser in the Far East 397 Ford, P. L. The Federalist 25 Ford, P. L. Great Words from Great Americans 268 France, Anatole. The Red Lily 171 Frankland, Dr. and Mrs. Pasteur 25 Franklin, S. R. Memories of a Rear-Admiral 230 Fraser, Mrs. C. F. Master Sunshine 467 Frazer, R. W. Literary History of India . 48 Frederic, Harold. Gloria Mundi . 459 Frederic, Harold. The Deserter 470 Frost, A. B., and Van Sutphen, W. G. Golfer's Alphabet. 464 Fuller, Henry B. From the Other Side 79 Gage, A. P. Physics, revised edition · 269 Gardiner, S. R. Commonwealth and Protectorate, Vol. II. 222 Garnett, Constance. Tourguénieft's Works, Vol.XII. 472 Garnett, Richard. Italian Literature 49 Gasc, F. E. A. French and English Dictionary · 139 Gaskell, Mrs. Cranford, illus. in color . 463 Geikie, Archibald. Founders of Geology 227 George, A. J. From Chaucer to Arnold 309 George, Minnie M. Hiawatha 309 Germ, The, Mosher's reprint of 400 Gildersleeve and Lodge. Latin Grammar, school ed. 269 Gilman, Bradley. The Musical Journey 468 Gilman, D. C. De Tocqueville's Democracy. . 307 Gilmore, Mary A. Katie 469 Gissing, George. Charles Dickens 297 Gissing, George. The Whirlpool. 78 Glasgow, Ellen. Phases of an Inferior Planet 172 Gleason, C. W. Gate to Vergil 472 Goepp, Philip H. Symphonies 48 Goetz, Philip Becker. Poems . 133 Goldschmidt, Ludwig. Kant und Helmholtz . 231 Gollancz, Israel. Hamlet in Iceland 108 Gomme, G. L. The Queen's Story Book 407 Goss, Warren Lee. In the Navy. 407 Graetz, H. History of the Jews, index vol. 25 Grabame, Kenneth. Pagan Papers, new edition . 51 Grant, A. Forsyth. Chums at Last 466 Gras, Félix. The Terror 171 Gregory, Eliot. Worldly Ways and Byways. 352 Green, F. W. Edridge. Memory. . 47 Greene, Homer. The Blind Brother, new edition 467 Greene, Sarah P. McL. The Moral Imbeciles 172 Grey, Henry. Classics for the Million 268 Griffis, W. E. Charles Carleton Coffin 454 Ģriffis, W. E. The Pilgrims in their Three Homes 230 Griffis, W. E. The Student's Motley 229 Griffith, William. Trialogues . 135 Griswold, Hattie T. Personal Sketches of Recent Authors 473 Griswold, W.M. Correspondence of R. W. Griswold 306 Groos, Karl. The Play of Animals 175 Grosart, A. B. Robert Fergusson 350 Growall, A. Book-Trade Bibliography. · 267 Gudeman, Alfred. Latin Literature of the Empire 351 Habberton, John. With the Dream-Maker 470 Haddon, Alfred C. The Study of Man 173 Hall, Ruth. In Brave Days of Old . 407 Hall, Tom. When Love Laughs . 135 Hamblen, H. E. Story of a Yankee Boy 465 Hamblen, H. E. The General Manager's Story 24 Hamblen, H. E. Tom Benton's Luck 465 Hand and Brain 268 Harland, Henry. Comedies and Errors 79 . . Harland, Marion. Where Ghosts Walk 404 Harper's Round Table for 1898 470 Harris, Mary D. An Old English Town 352 Harris, Miriam C. A Corner of Spain . . 397 Harris, W.T. Psychologic Foundations of Education 261 Harrison, J. A. Spain in History, enlarged edition 109 Harrison, Mrs. Burton. Good Americans . 304 Hart, AB, American History Told by Contem- poraries, Vol. II. . 81 Harte, Bret. Tales of Trail and Town . 79 Hawthorne's House of Seven Gables, holiday ed. 399 Hay, John. Address on Omar Khayyam 50 Hedeler, G. Private Libraries, Part III. 82 Henderson, Alice P. The Rainbow's End: Alaska 226 Henty, G. A. At Aboukir and Acre 408 Henty, G. A. Both Sides the Border 408 Henty, G. A. The Queen's Cup. : 302 Henty, G. A. Under Wellington's Command . 408 Henty, G. A. Yule Logs 466 Herbart, J. F. Psychology and Education 263 Herford, Oliver. The Bashful Earthquake 463 Hewlett, Maurice. The Forest Lovers . 20 Hichens, Robert. The Londoners 21 Higginson, T. W. Cheerful Yesterdays 23 Himes, J. A. Milton's Paradise Lost 51 Historic New York, second series . 405 Hodder, Edwin. Seventh Earl of Shaftsbury 16 Hodgkin, Thomas. Charles the Great 23 Hogan, Louise E. Study of a Child 264 Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, Prince. Letters on Strategy 70 Hohler, Mrs. Edwin. The Green Toby Jug 470 Holden, E. S. Heraldry for Americans 350 Holder, C. F. The Treasure Divers Holland, Bernard. Letters of Mary S. Holland 176 Hollopeter, W. C. Hay-Fever 51 Holm, Adolf. History of Greece 168 Hope, Anthony. Rupert of Hentzau 76 Hough, Walter. Moki Snake-Dance 353 Howells, W. D. Story of a Play 21 Hubbard, Elbert. Little Journeys to the Homes of American Statesmen 464 Huc, M. Travels in Tartary, new edition . 225 Huddilston, J. H. Attitude of Greek Tragedians toward Art. 352 Hughes, Rupert. Lakerim Athletic Club 466 Hurll, Estelle M. Life of Our Lord in Art 403 Hutton, Laurence. A Boy I Knew 24 Hyde, W. DeWitt. Evolution of a College Student 109 Hyne, Cutcliffe. Adventures of Captain Kettle . 303 Ihering, R. von. Evolution of the Aryan 45 Illingworth, J. R. Divine Immanence 46 Illustrated English Library. 355 Ingersoll, Ernest. Book of the Ocean 409 Inman, Henry. Ranch on the Oxhide 465 Inman, H., and Cody, W.F. Great Salt Lake Trail 460 Irving, H. B. Life of Judge Jeffreys 103 Irving's Captain Bonneville, “ Pawnee " edition 398 Jackson, Gabrielle E. Denise and Ned Toodles 469 Jacobs, Henry E. Martin Luther 266 James, Lionel. The Indian Frontier War . 138 Janvier, T. A. In the Sargasso Sea . . 305 Jenks, Edward. Law and Politics in Middle Ages 71 Jerrold, Walter. Gladstone 137 Jewish Publication Society, Tenth Report of 176 Johnson, C. F. What Can I Do for Brady 133 Johnson, Henry. Where Beauty Is.. 133 Johnson, W. H. The King's Henchman 22 Johnston, Annie F. Gate of Giant Scissors 470 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • vi. INDEX. PAGE PAGE 303 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Johnston, Mary. Prisoners of Hope McConnell, S. D. American Episcopal Church, Johnston, R. . Pearce Amerson's will 22 revised edition 106 Kauffman, Emma, and O'Hagan, Anne. Cuba at Meredith, George, Works of, revised edition a Glance. 139 25, 82, 231, 309, 354, 472 Kelley, J. G. Boy Mineral Collectors 466 Merewether, F. H. S. Famine District of India . 395 Kelly, H. A. Operative Gynecology, Vol. II. . 353 Merriman, Effie W Sir Jefferson Nobody 466 Kemble, E. W. Comical Coons 408 Merriman, H. S. Roden's Corner 457 Kemble, E. W. Coon Alphabet 469 Miles, Nelson A. Military Europe 126 Kemble, E. W. The Billy Goat 465 Miller, J. R. By the Still Waters . 464 Kemp, Dennis. Nine Years at the Gold Coast 396 Mills, Wesley. Animal Intelligence. 266 Kidd, Benjamin. Control of the Tropics 307 Mitchell, S. Weir. Adventures of François 458 King, C. F. In Northern Europe 397 Molesworth, Mrs. The Magic Nuts. 409 King, Charles. From School to Battlefield . 407 Montague, Sir Victor. A Middy's Recollections . 107 Kipling's Mandalay, illus. by Blanche McManus . 465 Moody, Helen W. The Unquiet Sex Knarf Elivas. John Ship, Mariner 172 Moore, F. Frankfort. The Millionaires 171 Koch, T. W. Catalogue of Cornell Dante Collec- Moore, George. Evelyn Innes 77 tion, Part I. 50 Morris, Charles. Tales of China and Japan 404 Koopman, Harry L. Morrow-Songs 134 Morris, Charles. The Nation's Navy 228 Krout, Mary H. Hawaii and a Revolution 228 Morris, Wm. Address at Birmingham Art School 269 Kuppard, Skelton. The Uncharted Island 466 Morrison, H. S. A Yankee Boy's Success . 466 Ladies' Home Journal Household Library 355 Morrison, Mary W. Stories True 469 Lahee, Henry C. Famous Singers 462 Morrison, Sarah E. Chilhowee Boys in Harness 466 Lamb's Poetry for Children, illus. by Winifred Morton, F. W. Love in Epigram 309 Green. 408 Moses, Bernard. Establishment of Spanish Rule Land of Sunshine, bound volume for 1898 50 in America 391 Landor, H. Savage. In the Forbidden Land 394 Mosher, Martha B. Child Culture in the Home . 264 Lane, George M. Latin Grammar 309 Mulock, Mrs. Fairy Book, Crowell's edition . 470 Lang, Andrew. Nursery Rhyme Book 408 Munroe, Kirk. In Pirate Waters 407 Lang, Andrew. Selections from Coleridge 403 Munroe, Kirk. The Copper Princess . 467 Lang, Andrew. The Arabian Nights 409 Myers, Minnie W. The Southern Gulf Coast 139 Lang, Andrew. The Making of Religion 393 Navy in the Civil War, new edition 231 Lark Almanac for 1899 . 465 Navy, Our Modern 51 Lavignac, Albert. Music Dramas of Wagner 351 Nelan, Ch. Cartoons of War with Spain 405 Le Baron, Grace. Twixt You and Me 468 Newberry, Fannie E. Everyday Honor 468 Lee, Albert. Four for a Fortune 305 Newdigate-Newdegate, Lady. The Cheverels of Lent, W. B. Halcyon Days in Norway . 226 Cheverel Manor 138 Leonard, Mary F. The Big Front Door 468 Nicoll, W. Robertson. Life of James Macdonell. 80 Le Queux, William. Scribes and Pharisees 302 Noble, Charles. Studies in American Literature. 81 Lewis, H. H. A Gunner aboard the Yankee 470 Norman, John H. Universal Cambist 348 Life's Comedy, third series 463 Norton, C. L. A Soldier of the Legion 407 Lippman, Julie M. Dorothy Day 468 Noyes, A. D. Thirty Years of American Finance 349 Little Jane and Me, Story of 469 Old Chelsea Bun-House, new edition 404 Lockwood, Sir Frank. Sketch Book . 463 « Old World ” Series, new vols. in 400 Loomis, Chester. New Mother Goose Pictures 469 Oman, C. W. C. Art of War in Middle Ages · 102 Lucas, E. V. Verses for Children 139 Oman, C. W. C. The Hundred Years' War . 353 “ Luxembourg Library,” new vols. in 402 O'Neil, J. L. Jerome Savonarola 269 Luzac's Oriental List for 1897 . 25 Oppenheim, Nathan. Development of the Child . 264 Lytton, Lord. Paul Clifford, and A Strange Story, Otis, James. Cruise of the Comet 407 holiday editions 401 Otis, James. Dick in the Desert . 465 Mabie, H. W. Forest of Arden, holiday edition . 461 Otis, James. Joel Harford 466 Macdonald, George. The Gold Coast 396 Otis, James. The Charming Sally 406 Macdonald, Wm. Select Historical Documents 82 Otis, James. The Princess and Joe Potter 469 MacDowall, H. C. Henry of Guise . 130 Otis, James. When Putnam Served the King • 406 MacEwan, E. J. Essentials of Argumentation 25 Overton, Frank. Applied Physiology 139 Macgregor, Barrington. King Long-Beard 470 Oxenden, Maud. A Reputation for a Song 77 Mackail, J. W. Eclogues of Virgil 400 Page, Katherine S. My Lady Sleeps 410 Mackay, Thomas. The State and Charity 74 | Page, Thomas Nelson. Red Rock 458 Mackie, Pauline B. Ye Lyttle Salem Maide . Paget, R. L. Poems of American Patriotism 355 Maclay, E. S. History of our Navy, revised ed. . 110 Paillou, Florence. Captain Darning Needle 470 Magruder, Julia. Labor of Love . 466 Paine, Albert B. The Hollow Tree . 409 Malet, Lucas. Little Peter 467 Palmer, Bertha. Stories from Classic Literature 51 Mallock, W. H. Aristocracy and Evolution 74 Park, C. M. Alphabet of Animals 408 Margueritte, Paul and Victor. The Disaster 22 Parker, Gilbert, Novels of, uniform edition 14 Mathews, F. Schuyler. Familiar Life in Field Parker, W. Gordon. Six Young Hunters 466 and Forest 229 Parkhurst, H. E. How to Name the Birds 26 Maugham, W. S. Making of a Saint 172 Parkman, Francis, Works of, new library edition 451 May, Sophie. Pauline W, Vyman 469 Payne, Will. The Money Captain 305 McCarthy, Justin. Story of Gladstone, revised ed. 231 Peary, R. E. Northward over the Great Ice . 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 . . . . . . . . . . . . . INDEX. vii. PAGE 76 PAGE 43 . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . 5 . . . • 396 . . . • Pemberton, Max. Kronstadt Shaw, G. Bernard. Plays Pennell, Mrs. E. R. Over the Alps on a Bicycle 230 Sheldon, Mary B. 1000 Men for a Christmas Present 407 Perry, W. C. Women of Homer 267 Sheldon, W. L. An Ethical Sunday School 231 Pinkerton, P., and Ashworth, J. H. Reign of Terror 351 Sherard, Robert H. The Iron Cross . 302 Plummer, Mary W. Small Libraries, revised ed. 109 Sherer, J. W. Daily Life during the Mutiny . 230 Pollard, A. W. Chaucer's Works, “Globe "edition 82 Shields, C. W. The Reformer of Geneva . 135 Pontgiband, Chevalier de, Autobiography of . 23 Shoemaker, W. L. La Santa Yerba 135 Porter, A. Toomer. Led On, Step by Step 17 Shorey, Paul. Odes and Epodes of Horace 265 Potter, Mary K. Love in Art 461 Sidgwick, Henry. Practical Ethics 80 Poulsson, Emilie. Child Stories 469 Sidney, Margaret. Little Maid of Concord Town 407 Powell, L. P. Historic Towns of New England . 402 Sill, E. R. Christmas in California 464 Powers, H. H. The War as a Suggestion of Mani- Simmons, H. B. Jingle Jangle Rhyme Book. 408 fest Destiny. 295 Simonds, W. E. English Fiction, briefer edition 26 Praeger, S. Rosamund. Further Doings of Three Singleton, Esther. Turrets, Towers, and Temples 400 Bold Babes 408 Skinner, C. M. Do-Nothing Days 404 Prince, Helen C. Sign of the Silver Crescent 22 Skinner, C. M. Myths and Legends beyond our Pugh, Edwin. Tony Drum 465 Borders 404 Puritanism, The New 46 Slater, J. H. Book-Prices Current, voi. xii. 410 Ragozin, Zenaide A. Siegfried and Beowulf 409 Slosson, Annie T. Fishin' Jimmy 405 Rawlinson, George. Sir Henry Rawlinson 259 Smith, Benjamin E. Century Atlas . 97 Ray, Anna C. Teddy, her Book . 468 Smith, G. Gregory. The Spectator 109, 309 Raymond, Evelyn. Among the Lindens 468 Smith, Hannah. Music . 266 Rearden, T. H. Petrarch and Other Essays 80 Smith, Harriet W. History of the Lowell Institute 265 Reddaway, W. F. The Monroe Doctrine 41 Smith, John T. Cathedral Bells . 463 Reed, Myrtle. Love Letters of a Musician 462 Smith, Mary P. W. Young Puritans in King Reeves, Edward. Brown Men and Women 19 Philip's War 406 Remington, Frederic. Crooked Trails . 265 Smith, Munroe. Bismarck and German Unity 353 Remington, Frederic. Frontier Sketches 403 Smith, T. C. Liberty and Free Soil Parties in the Rhoden, Emma von. An Obstinate Maid 468 Northwest 174 Rhoscomyl, Owen. The Lady of Castell March . 302 Smyth, H. Warington. Five Years in Siam Rice, Wallace, and Eastman, B. Under the Stars 24 Sparling, S. E. Municipal History of Chicago 83 Richards, H. E. The Mystery of Life . 46 Spencer, Herbert. Various Fragments . 82 Richards, Laura E. Margaret Montfort 467 Spofford, Harriet P. Hester Stanley's Friends . 468 Ridge, W. Pett. By Order of the Magistrate 302 Spurgeon, C. H., Autobiography of, Vol. I. . 174 Riley, J. W., “Homestead” edition of Stables, Gordon. Off to Klondyke 466 51, 82, 109, 139, 185 Stanley, H. M. Through South Africa . 18 Rinder, Edith W. Shadow of Arvor 172 Stanley, Hiram M. Essays on Literary Art 308 Roberts, C. G. D. New York Nocturnes 132 Statham, Reginald. Paul Kruger 49 Robins, Edward. Benjamin Franklin 139 Steevens, G. W. Egypt in 1898 . 226 Rolfe, W.J. Tennyson's Works,“ Cambridge” ed. 353 Steevens, G. W. With the Conquering Turk. 18 Romero, Matias. - Notes on Mexico . 131 Stephens, R. N. The Continental Dragoon 22 Ross, Clinton. A Trooper of the Empress 76 Stetson, Charlotte P. In this Our World . 134 Ross, Clinton. Bobbie McDuff 76 Stevens, J. E. Yesterdays in the Philippines 51, 227 Ross, Clinton. Heroes of War with Spain 406 Stockton, F. R. Buccaneers of our Coasts . 405 Rossetti's The Blessed Damozel, holiday edition 399 Stockton, F. R. The Girl at Cobhurst . 75 Rostand, E. Cyrano de Bergerac 340 Stoddard, W.0. The First Cruiser Out 470 Rostand, E. Cyrano de Bergerac, édition de luxe 410 Stoddard, W. 0. Success against Odds Rowland, Kate M. Charles Carroll of Carrollton 13 Stoddard, W.O. With the Black Prince 407 Rowley, John. Taxidermy. . 175 Stone, J. S. Woods and Dales of Derbyshire . 461 Royal Academy Pictures, 1898 11 Stories by Foreign Authors . 25, 139, 231 Rule, L. V. The Shrine of Love . 134 Strachey, Lady. Memoirs of a Highland Lady 15 Rupp, G. P. Girard College Semi-Centennial 52 Stratemeyer, Edward. Minute Boys of Lexington 406 Russell, H. B. International Monetary Conferences 347 Stratemeyer, Edward. Under Dewey at Manila . 407 Russell, W. Clark. Romance of a Midshipman 302 Stratemeyer, Edward. Young Volunteer in Cuba 467 Ruth and her Grandfadder . 469 Strong, Josiah. The Twentieth Century City . . 74 Sage, Agnes C. A Little Colonial Dame 467 Stuckenberg, J. H. W. Introduction to Sociology 72 Saintsbury, George Walter Scott 136 Sudermann, Hermann. Regina 170 Saintsbury, Geo. Short History English Literature 308 Sullivan, T. R. Ars et Vita 79 Sanborn, Kate. Starlight Calendar 464 Sutherland, Alexander. The Moral Instinct 167 Saunders, Marshall. Rose á Charlitte 304 Swift, Benjamin. The Destroyer . 301 Schenk, Leopold. Determination of Sex 266 Swinburne's Heptalogia, Mosher's edition . 400 Scollard, Clinton. A Man at Arms 22 Swineford, A. P. Alaska 19 Scott, “Temple " edition of 25, 109, 309, 354 Sybel, H. von. Founding German Empire, Vol. VII. 81 Sergeant, Lewis. The Franks . 229 Sykes, Ella C. Through Persia 395 Seymour, William W. The Cross 175 Symonds, J. A. Life of Michelangelo, new edition 310 Shakespeare's Sonnets, Copeland & Day's edition. 50 Symonds, Margaret, and Gordon, Lina. Perugia . 176 Shaler, N. S. Outlines of Earth's History 50 Taylor, A. R. Study of the Child 263 Sharp, Evelyn. Making of a Prig Taylor, E. R. Sonnets of Hérédia, second edition 410 . . • . . . . . . . · 465 . . . . . . . . . O . . . . 1 . . 21 viii. INDEX. PAGE PAGE 9 i 403 . . 73 . . 2.1 . . · 137 . Thackeray, “Biographical" edition of 48,103, 230, 268 Thompson, E. H. Ruins of Xkichmo 354 Thompson, E. S. Wild Animals I Have Known . 409 Thompson, Sylvanus P. Light 228 Thomson, Hugh. Jack the Giant Killer 408 Thomson, John. Through China with a Camera . 226 Thorpe, F. N. Constitutional History of Am. People 220 « Thumb-Nail" series, new vols. in 402 Todd, Mabel L. Corona and Coronet 396 Tollemache, Lionel. Talks with Gladstone 49 Tollemache, L. Essays and Mock-Essays 173 Tolstoy, Leo. What is Art? 186 Tomlinson, E. T. Boys of Old Monmouth 406 Tomlinson, E.T. Stories of the Revolution, second series 406 Tomlinson, E. T. Two Young Patriots 406 Tout, T. F. Empire and Papacy. 51 Tracy, Louis. The Lost Provinces 306 Traill, H. D. Among my Books 472 Trask, Spencer. Bowling Green 175 Trowbridge, John. Physical Science at Home 466 Trowbridge, J.T. Two Biddicut Boys 465 “Truth," Art Centres from . 402 Tunk, Oliver P. An Awful Alphabet 469 Tweedie, Mrs. Alec. Through Finland in Carts . 18 Tyler, Moses C. Glimpses of England . 229 Tyrrell, J. W. Sub-Arctics of Canada . 19 Upton, Florence K. and Bertha. The Golliwogg at the Sea-Side 408 Vallance, Aymer. William Morris 343 Van Dyke, Henry. Poetry of Tennyson, tenth ed. 410 Van Dyke, Henry. Ships and Havens . 355 Van Dyke, Henry. The Lost Word 461 Van Dŷke, J. C. Nature for its Own Sake 100 Van Dyke, Paul. Age of the Renascence 105 Van Rensselaer, Mrs. J. K. The Goede Vrouw of Mana-ha-ta 353 Ver Beck, Frank. The Arkansaw Bear 469 Vivian, Thomas J. The Fall of Santiago 258 Waite, Victor Cross Trails 303 Wallace, Lew. The Fair God, illus. by Eric Pape 459 Wallace, Susan E. Along the Bosphorus Walton's Angler, Little, Brown, & Co.'s edition. 464 Ward, Lester F. Outlines of Sociology. Ward, Mrs. Humphry. Helbeck of Bannisdale 20 Warwick, Countess of. Women's Education in Great Britain 262 Watson, John. The Clerical Life 47 Watts-Dunton, Theodore. Aylwin 456 Welby, M. S. Through Unknown Thibet . 226 Wells, C. L. Age of Charlemagne. 105 Weyman, Stanley J. The Castle Inn 458 “What Is Worth While" series, new yols. in 185 Whigham, H.J. How to Play Golf Whistler, Charles W. King Alfred's Viking . 407 Whitaker Reference Catalogue for 1898 · 176 White, Greenough. Matthew Arnold 47 Whitman, Walt, Prose Works of, new edition . 83 Williamson, David. Gladstone the Man 137 Wills, Freeman. Life of W. G. Wills 107 Wilson, Francis. The Eugene Field I Knew . . 267 Wilson, Woodrow. The State, revised edition . 230 Windt, H. De. Through Alaska. Gold Fields 19 Wit and Humor Series 472 Wit and Wisdom from Many Minds . 464 Wolfe, T. F. Haunts and Homes of Am. Authors 462 Woods, Kate T. A Little New England Maid 467 Woolsey, T. S. America's Foreign Policy . . 295 Worcester, Dean C. The Philippine Islands 455 Wormeley, Katharine P. Cruel Side of War 138 Worsfold, W. Basil. Principles of Criticism . 174 Wright, Jessie E. An Odd Little Lass : 468 Wright, Mabel O. Four-Footed Americans . 409 Wundt, W. Ethical Systems 300 Wundt, W. Facts of the Moral Life . 300 Yatawara, T. B. Ummagger Jataka . 139 Yechton, Barbara. A Little Turning Aside 468 Yonge, Charlotte M. Patriots of Palestine Zangwill, I. Dreamers of the Ghetto 78 Zollinger, Gulielma. Widow O’Callaghan's Boys 466 . . . . . . . . . . . • 408 . . . . . . 1 . " MISCELLANEOUS. After the Sonnets of Shakespeare. Sonnet. Mel- Japan, Foreign Books in. Ernest W. Clement 450 ville B. Anderson 255 Last Dance of the Leaves. Poem. John Vance American Poets, An Affront to. Joseph P. Perkins 12 Cheney 162 Booksellers' and Publishers' Representatives, An- Linton, Elizabeth Lynn, Death of . 83 nual Gathering of, at Chicago, July, 1898 . 52 Moses, John, Death of 82 Caprice of the Muses. Poem. Edith M. Thomas 124 National Pride and Historical Accuracy. W. R. K. 294 “Chap-Book,” Purchase of, by THE DIAL 37 “ National Review,” The 231 Chinese Government, Woman Factor in. E. G. J. 218 Nietzsche, Herr, Present Condition of 26 Cooley, Judge Thomas M., Death of . 186 Orient, Transformation of the. 0. C. Mookerjee . 255 Crispi, Signor, The Memoirs of 72 Original Poetry by Victor and Cazire, Discovery of 268 Cuban War and the Muses. W. H. Johnson 294 Oxyrhynchus Papyri, Publication of the 52 Cuban War, Poetry of the. W. R. K.. 124 “ Realism Comes to Stay." Timon of Gotham 338 Cuban War Poets, Where are They ? W. R. K. 96 Scudder, H. E., Retirement of from Editorship of Cuban War, Verse of the. Wallace Rice 218 the “ Atlantic Monthly" 83 Dixon, Theron S. E., Death of . 186 Sienkiewicz, Letter of, regarding America 69 Ebers, Georg Moritz, Death of . 110 Tennyson, Dr. Rolfe's Notes on. Albert E. Jack 449 English Letter, Notes on an. Sir Walter Besant . 338 Tropics, White Man and the. J.C. Halstead, M.D. 337 Fay, Theodore Sedgwick, Death of 410 “ View of the World in 1900,” The Proposed . 310 Free Government in America, Founding of. Alez- Who Said "We Are All Socialists Now"? Henry ander Brown 254. W, Thurston 450 “Gadfly, The,” Dramatization of 51 Wordsworthiana, Prof. Knight's Gift of to Dove « Had Better." Frank M. Bicknell 337 Cottage. Howard, Blanche Willis, Death of 269 « Would Better” for “ Had Better." Edward A. Japan, Foreign-Language School in. Ernest W. Allen . 293 Clement 125 Zola, The Forthcoming Books of 355 . . 02 . THE DIAL A SEMI- MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. EDITED BY FRANCIS F. BROWNE. } Volume XXV. No. 289. CHICAGO, JULY 1, 1898. 10 cts. a copy. 315 WABASH AVE. $2. a year. T Opposite Auditorium, NEW FICTION FOR SUMMER READING SILENCE, and Other Illustrated. 16mo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.25. By Miss Wilkins, better than any other of our story-tellers, has pene- Stories trated the character of New England people. She knows the energy, the MARY E. WILKINS directness, the reserve, the reticence, and the fire beneath the ice, which are peculiar to men and women who have lived away from great cities. THE STORY OF A A Novel. Post 8vo, Cloth, $1.50. (Uniform with the By W. D. HOWELLS Library Edition of W. D. Howells's Novels.) PLAY Mr. Howella's progress in the field of American fiction has been 80 uniform, 80 consistent, so steadily upward, that to-day the announcement of a new work from his pen possesses all the elements of a literary event. GHOSTS I HAVE And Some Others. With Illustrations by NEWELL, FROST By JOHN KENDRICK and RICHARDS. 16mo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.25. BANGS MET In "The Pursuit of the House-Boat," and its predecessor, Mr. Bangs ventured into the world of spirits, and showed that humor reigns supreme beyond as well as this side the Styx. In "Ghosts I Have Met" the world of spirits comes to Mr. Bangs, and he sets forth his impressions of its inhabitants. SEÑORITA A Novel. Post 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.25. By Comes with the fine tang of powder and the heartening clatter of cutlasses. MONTENAR Splendid victories at sea and land over superior ARCHER P. 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The present tale is in many ways stronger than anything the author has ever written, and the first large edition was exhausted in advance of publication. “It is the dramatic tale of an exiled “The scene is at Tangier, the action “Contains personages and conditions king, the action taking place at Tangier dramatic, the heroine an American heir- which afford a fine opportunity for stir- in the space of thirty-six hours. The ess, the hero a newspaper correspondent. ring scenes and incidents." - - Christian story contains some very good comedy this kind of thing, and a very delightful Mr. Davis has a way of his own in doing Intelligencer. and the characters are of that “The course of the story introduces it is." - Boston Beacon. cosmopolitan cleverness that Mr. Davis some thrilling scenes and dramatic situa- delights to depict. 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THIS CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 153-157 Fifth Avenue, New York. 1898.] 3 THE DIAL L. C. PAGE & COMPANY'S NEW FICTION FOR SUMMER READING. " a The Continental Dragoon. A Romance of Philipse Manor House, in 1778. By ROBERT NEILSON STEPHENS, author of “ An Enemy to the King." Illustrated by H. C. EDWARDS. 1 vol., library 12mo, cloth. Price $1.50 A stirring romance of the Revolution, the scene being laid in and around the old Philipse Manor House, near Yonkers, which at the time of the story was the central point of the so-called "neutral territory” between the two armies. The Making of a Saint. By W. SOMERSET MAUGHAM. Illustrated by Gil- BERT JAMES. 1 vol., library 12mo, cloth . $1.50 “The Making of a Saint" is a romance of Mediæval Italy, the scene being laid in the 15th century. It relates the life of a young leader of Free Companions who, at the close of one of the petty Italian wars, returns to his native city. 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Most of them are English or American, about twenty French, and as many more from Spanish, German, and Italian. There is also a collec- tion of villanelles, rondeaus, triolets, etc., describing themselves in the same way. The book concludes with a large selection of critical extracts on the nature and functions of the Sonnet from the chief authorities, with a brief reference to special sonnet articles. NEW BOOK BY MR. ANDREW LANG. The Making of Religion. By ANDREW LANG. 8vo, pp. x.+380, with Index, $4.00. This book examines the prevalent scientific ideas as to the origin of the beliefs in the Soul and in God. The result of criticism and comparison of evidence, savage and civilized, is to indicate that the belief in the Soul is supported by facts which Materialism cannot explain. The belief in God, again, far from being evolved out of the worship of ghosts (as is commonly alleged by anthropologists), is proved to occur whore ghosts are not yet worshipped. The argument is finally applied to the current hypotheses of the origin of the Hebrew religion. The Cheverels of Cheverel Manor. By Lady NEWDIGATE-NEWDEGATE, author of “Gossip from a Muniment Room." With six Gravure Illustrations from Family Portraits. Pp. 248, 8vo, uncut, $3,50. This book deals with incidents in the family life of Sir Roger Nowdigate of Arbury, in Warwickshire, and his second wife, Hester Mundy, the period covered being 1719-1806. Incidentally it gives the real history of the principal actors in George Eliot's “Mr. Gilfil's Love Story." W. G. Wills : Dramatist and Painter. By FREEMAN Wills. With Photogravure Portrait. 8vo, $3.50. “One cannot but endorse the claim advanced for Mr. Wills by his biographer, who has executed a difficult task with remarkable delicacy and true fraternal affection, that ho restored poetry to the stage at a time when the poetic drama was supposed to be dead, and successfully took up the thread of history plays when managers were saying that Shakespeare spelled ruin.". London World. History of England. By F. YORK POWELL, M.A., of the University of Oxford, and T. F. Tout, M.A., of Owens College, Victoria University. In Three Parts. PART II.: From the Accession of Henry VIII. to the Revolution of 1689. By T. F. Tout, M.A. With 12 Maps. Crown 8vo, $1.00. With Parts I. and III. already published, this volume covers English History rather more fully than most students' his- tories. It gives special attention to the treatment of the social life of the people and the growth of the language and literature. Games Without Music for Children By Long BATES. With 11 Illustrations and Diagrams. Crown 8vo, pp. 112, 60 cents. A NEW STORY BY MRS. WALFORD. Leddy Marget. By L. B. WALFORD, author of "Mr. Smith," "Iva Kildare,” eto. Crown 8vo, $1.50. Builders of Great Britain. Edited by H. F. Wilson, M.A. NEW VOLUME. JOHN AND SEBASTIAN CABOT. The Discovery of North America. By C. RAYMOND BEAZLEY, M.A., Fellow of Merton College, author of "Prince Henry the Navigator," etc. With Photogravure Portrait. Crown 8vo, $1.50. Masters of Medicine. A New Series of Monographs Edited by ERNEST HART, D.C.L., Editor of the “British Medical Journal." NEW VOLUME. WILLIAM STOKES: HIS LIFE IND WORK (1804-1878). By his son WILLIAM STOKES, Surgeon-in- Ordinary to the Queen in Ireland. With 3 Photogravures. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, $1.25. A NEW NOVEL BY STANLEY J. WEYMAN. SHREWSBURY. A Romance of the Time of William and Mary. By STANLEY J. WEYMAN, author of “A Gentleman of France," “ Under the Red Robe,” etc. With 24 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth, ornamental, $1.50. “ Again he has proved in this, his latest novel, that the romantic treatment is capable, under a masterly hand, of uniting the thrill of imagination with the dignity of real life. His characters are alive, human, unforgetable. His scenes are unhack- neyed, dramatic, powerful. The action is sustained and consistent, sweeping one's interest along irresistibly to a dénouement at once logical and climactic. And through it all there glows that literary charm which makes his stories live even as those of Scott and Dumas live."- - Chicago Tribune. For sale by all booksellers, or will be sent, postpaid, on receipt of price, by LONGMANS, GREEN, & Co., Publishers, 91-93 Fifth Ave., New York. 1898.] 5 THE DIAL CAPITAL SUMMER BOOKS HENRY HOLT & CO., With a por- 29 West Twenty-third Street, New YORK, Cheerful Yesterdays. PUBLISH TO-DAY (JULY 1) A most charming autobiographical book, by THOMAB Hope's Rupert of Hentzau. $1.50. WENTWORTH HIGGINSON. * 12mo, $2.00. "Among living Americans, there are few indeed whose From the Memoirs of Fritz von Tarlenheim. (Se- lives have been richer in interesting incident; fewer still who quel to The Prisoner of Zenda.) With eight full-page can write more gracefully of 'Cheerful Yesterdays' than Col- illustrations by CHARLES DANA GIBSON. 12mo. onel Higginson."— The Review of Reviews (New York). Gondola Days. A NEW ILLUSTRATED EDITION OF $ A very charming book on Venice and its attractions, by Hope's Prisoner of Zenda. $1.50. F. HOPKINSON SMITH, author of “Tom Grogan,' With five full-page illustrations by CHARLES DANA “Colonel Carter of Cartersville," etc. With illus- Gibson, and a view and plan of the castle by trations by the author. 12mo, $1.50. HOWARD INCE. 12mo. (The 47th Impression of this romance.) Life and Letters Other books by ANTHONY HOPE with frontispieces of Harriet Beecher Stowe. by RUSSELL, RACKHAM, and WECHSLER. 18mo, 75 A biography of very great attraction, and well worthy cents each: The Indiscretion of the Duchess, 11th of its illustrious subject, by Mrs. JAMES T. FIELDS, Impression; The Dolly Dialogues, 9th Impression; A author of “ Authors and Friends," etc. Change of Air, 9th Impression; A Man of Mark, 9th trait. 12mo, $2.00. Impression; Sport Royal, etc., 4th Impression. Unforeseen Tendencies of THEY HAVE RECENTLY PUBLISHED Democracy. Ford's Federalist. $2.50 net. By EDWIN L. GODKIN, editor of the New York Nation. Crown 8vo, $2.00. With foot-notes on subsequent events. An Appendix "On its practical side the book is almost indispensable to of 149 pages, including the Constitution with the the student of American institutions." - The Critic (New amendments and Senate “case references ” and a York). full index. 12mo. Caleb West, Master Diver. New York Tribune: "Mr. Ford's editing is nothing less than perfect. . . . Printed handsomely and published in a By F. HOPKINSON SMITH. Finely illustrated. 18th convenient size, this is an invaluable edition, calculated to be Thousand. 12mo, $1.50. of service not only to the politician and lawyer, but to every “It is a fascinating, even a great, story, and establishes thoughtful citizen." the author's title to a place in the front rank of living Amer- ican novelists."-Brooklyn Eagle. Wells' (D. D.) Her Ladyship's Penelope's Progress. Elephant. With cover by NICHOLSON. By KATE DOUGLAS WIGGIN. 16mo, in unique Scot- 12mo, $1.25. tish binding, $1.25. “Overflowing with wit and fun." — Public Opinion (New R. H. Stoddard in N. Y. Mail and Express : “Mr. Wells York). has more than humor enough to tell his story in a very natural "A triumph of brightness.”—Chicago Evening Post. and laughable way. He has a great deal of comic talent.” New York Tribune: “Smacks of fun which can be created From the Other Side. by clever actors placed in excruciatingly droll situations." New York Commercial Advertiser : “A really delicious Stories of Transatlantic Travel. By HENRY B. FULLER. chain of absurdities . . . exceedingly amusing." 16mo, $1.25. Boston Transcript: “On the order of Frank Stockton's "Mr. Fuller has a charming style, and handles humor, cleverest work ... laughable in the extreme." pathos, and serious reflection with the delicacy of a true artist."-St. Louis Globe-Democrat. Philadelphia Times: "Amusing from the first page to the last, unique in conception and absolutely uproarious in plot.' The King of the Town. The Outlook : “Full of amusing situations." Buffalo Express: "So amusing that the reader is almost By ELLEN MACKUBIN. 16mo, cloth, $1.00; paper, 50c. too tired to laugh when the elephant puts in his appearance." * Exceptionally well written and interesting.”-Outlook. Burrow's The Fire of Life. $1.25. Birds of Village and Field. A Bird Book for Beginvers. By FLORENCE A. MER- The Independent: “This charmingly simple and sweet novel belongs to a class (far too small) of fiction that leaves a RIAM, author of “ Birds Through an Opera-Glass,” good taste in the mind after the reading.” “ A-Birding on a Bronco," etc. Very fully illustrated. 12mo, $2.00. Second Impression of a book by the author of " The War “I am inclined to regard it as the most useful for every-day of the Worlds." untechnical service of any yet published.”- - ERNEST INGER- Wells' (H. G.) The Time Machine SOLL in the New York Times. Sold by all Booksellers. Sent, postpaid, by With frontispiece. 18mo, 75 cents. Atlantic Monthly: “Singularly graphic and unfailingly HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., BOSTON. interesting.” • • • 66 " 6 [July 1, THE DIAL Two Notable Successes AMERICAN WIVES AND ENGLISH HUSBANDS. By Gertrude Atherton, Author of “ Patience Sparhawk," "A Whirl Asunder,” etc. 8vo, cloth. Price, $1.50. Third American Edition. SALOME. A TRAGEDY IN ONE ACT. By OSCAR WILDE. Complete edition, with perfeet reproductions of all the Full- Page Drawings by AUBREY BEARDSLEY — a gem of artistic bookmak- ing. Paper covers, 50 cents. Of booksellers, or mailed postfree, on receipt of price, to DIAL readers. READER'S LIBRARY, 1203 MARKET, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. THE BOSTON POST says: It will make a sensation. Epigrams and wit fairly dance before one on her pages. The hu- mor of the book is delicious. In this latest book Mrs. Atherton is in her most dazzling vein. THE NEW YORK HERALD says: Mrs. Atherton's book wisely and cleverly dis- cusses a problem that has rarely been handled with such felicity. More than that, it is a novel in which art goes hand in hand with a sufficient knowledge of the subject and of human nature at large. HE MAIL AND EXPRESS says: There are in this story humor, healthy satire, and much dramatic power. It is the best novel that Mrs. Atherton has yet produced. OLD SOUTH LEAFLETS Furnishing so many important original documents relat- ing to American history, can be had in bound volumes containing twenty-five leaflets each. Three volumes are now ready — price, $1.50 each. Small volumes of eight leaflets each, in paper covers, 50 cents a volume. Among the subjects are, The American Indians, The Discovery of America, The Founders of New England, The Anti-Slavery Struggle. a - SEND FOR COMPLETE Lists. FOLKS FROM DIXIE By Paul Laurence Dunbar. A book of short stories by the Author of " Lyrics of Lowly Life.” Fully illustrated by E. W. KEMBLE. 12mo, cloth. Price, $1.25. Fifth Thousand. THE NEW YORK TRIBUNE says: Mr. Dunbar has produced a book of remarkably convincing stories. THE MILWAUKEE SENTINEL says: • Folks from Dixie'is fresher, simpler, and more unstudied than any Southern stories we have seen for a long while. Mr. Kemble's pictures, like Mr. Dunbar's stories, are the real thing, and the book is a unique addition to Southern literature. THE DETROIT JOURNAL says: These stories have the genuine flavor. They are taken from life as it exists, and are told in a happily unconscious manner by one of the dis- enthralled. Mr. Dunbar will write more stories. The public will want more. Directors of Old Soutb Work, Old South Meeting House, BOSTON. HAY-FEVER Its Successful Treatment. By W. C. HOLLOPETER, M. D. The treatment described in this little book has proved suc- cessful in over 200 cases that have come under the observation of the author. Just ready. Cloth. Price, $1.00 net. Sent postpaid on receipt of price. Also sold by all booksellers. P. Blakiston's Son & Co., Publishers, Philadelphia. BOOKS WHEN CALLING, PLEASE ASK FOR MR. GRANT. AT WHENEVER YOU NEED A BOOK, LIBERAL Address MR. GRANT. DISCOUNTS Before buying Books, write for quotations. An assortment of catalogues, and special slips of books at reduced prices, will be sent for a ten-cent stamp. F. E. GRANT, Books, 23 West 420 Street, York. Mention this advertisement and receive a discount. JUST OUT. 1. Interesting catalogue of choice English and American books in fine bindings, quoting extremely low, tempting prices. 2. London Weekly Circular of Rare Books. Dial readers should send for both. H. W. HAGEMANN, IMPORTER, 160 Fifth Avenue, New York. 6 LIBRARIES The above books, if not to be bought of your booksellers, will be sent,ſonfreceipt of their price, by the publishers, DODD, MEAD & COMPANY, 149-151 Fifth Ave., New York. WE solicit correspondence with book-buyers for private and other Libraries, and desire to submit figures on proposed lists. Our recently revised topically arranged Library List (mailed gratis on application) will be found useful by those selecting titles. THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO., Wholesale Books, 5 & 7 East 16th St., New York. 1898.] 7 THE DIAL The Macmillan Company's New Books. By the NEW NOVELS FOR SUMMER READING. Just Ready. Fifth Edition in Press. The Forest Lovers. MRS. WARD'S NEW NOVEL. "A BEWITCHING ROMANCE." By MAURICE HEWLETT, Helbeck of Author of "Earthworks out of Tuscany." The Pride "Captivating from first to last."--The Athenaeum Bannisdale, Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. of Jennico. (London). Author of By “A series of adventures as original as they “ Vigorous, exciting." By Mrg. HUMPHRY are romantic The author has piled excite- -Evening Post. "ROBERT ELSMERE," ment upon excitement, has caused his story to AGNES and WARD, “A spirited romance." EGERTON “MARCELLA," move rapidly, to glow with genuine fires of -The Times (New York). Author of emotion. ... The Forest Lovers will be read CASTLE. " David Griove," "SIR GEORGE TRES- "One of the newest and with admiration and preserved with something "Sir George Cloth, 12mo, best novels of the dec. SADY," etc. more than respect."- New York Tribune. Tressady," etc. $1.50. ade."--The Tribune. Two vols., JAMES LANE ALLEN writes of it $2.00. "This work, for any one of several reasons, must be regarded as of very unusual interest. Fourth Edition Now Printing. Just Ready. In the matter of style alone it is an achieve- " AN EXCEPTIONALLY PLEASING A MISSOURI NATURE STORY. ment, an extraordinary achievement. ... In NOVEL."-THE TRIBUNE (Chicago). the matter of interpreting nature there are At You-All's passages in this book that I have never seen The “Is decidedly original "I have been reading surpassed in prose fiction." and entertaining."- The it with great pleasure. House. HAMILTON W. MABIĘ writes It is a fresh and vivid “The plot is boldly conceived and strongly By An Episode. adelphia). presentation of a new JAMES NEWTON sustained ; the characters are vigorously drawn By WINSTON “No such piece of in- side of our American BASKETT. and are thrown into striking contrast. . . . It CHURCHILL. imitable comedy has ap- rural life.” is touched with the penetrating power of the -HENRY VAN DYKE. Cloth, 12mo, imagination; it has human interest and idyllic Cloth, 12mo, peared for years."-Inter $1.50. Ocean (Chicago). loveliness."-- Book Reviews. $1.50. Celebrity. Evening Telegraph (Phil- a “ Noteworthy for the sure grasp which they show of the permanent principles that underlie education, and for the precision with which these principles are applied to solve the school problems of to-day.” - From a Review by Dr. W. T. HARRIS, Commissioner of Education in the United States. THE MEANING OF EDUCATION, “One of the ablest contribu- AND “ Marked by clearness of tions to pedagogical literature Other Essays and Addresses. statement, a lucid style, deep yet made in this country. It thoughtfulness, and logic. The is a book which every teacher By book is suggestive and inspir- ought to read. It is wonder- NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER, Ph.D., ing; it should arouse an ear- fully stimulating and suggest- ive."-ALBERT LEONARD, Professor of Philosophy and Education, Columbia University. nest spirit in our educators, to whom it especially appeals." Editor Journal of Pedagogy. Cloth, 12mo, Price, $1.00. - FREE PRESS (Detroit). The Development The Contents of Dr. Butler's Book are: The Study of Children, The Meaning of Education. of the Child. What Knowledge is Most Worth? and their School Training. By Dr. NATHAN OPPENHEIM, Is there a “New Education”? By Dr. FRANCIS WARNER, Allending Physician Children's Dep't, Mi. Democracy and Education. Author of " The Growth and Means of Train- Sinai Hospital Dispensary. The American College and the American ing the Mental Faculties." Cloth, 12mo, $1.25 net. University. Cloth, 12mo, $1.00 net. The Function of the Secondary School. The beginning of a new method of child- The Reform of Secondary Education in “This is a volume singularly clear and exact study - a scientific comparison of the infant in its expression and definite in its generaliza- and adult - and criticism of curent educa- the United States. tion, the first really scientific monograph on tional methods based thereon. There is un- "This book will certainly be the educational child study that we have in any language."- doubted need of such a book. book of the year."-Child-Study Monthly. Journal of Pedagogy. __ “The great novel of Ameri- can social life. ... Keen and comprehensive." -INTER OCEAN (Chicago). THE GOSPEL OF FREEDOM. By ROBERT HERRICK, OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. “Brilliantly written, acute, individual, and strong in an- alysis.” -FREE PRESS (Detroit). WHERE THE TRADE WIND BLOWS. “Unhackneyed, true to West By Mrs. SCHUYLER CROWNINSHIELD. “ An unusually striking Indian life, and remarkably Cloth, crown 8vo, $1.50. book strong and dra- entertaining.” "A clear-cut, comprehensive view of existing social and phy- matic."-EVENING STAR -THE TRIBUNE (Chicago). sical conditions in West Indies."-COMMERCIAL ADVERTISER. (Washington, D. C.). THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, No. 66 Fifth Avenue, New York. 8 July 1, 1898. THE DIAL D. Appleton & Company's New Books & FÉLIX GRAS'S NEW ROMANCE. OUT-DOOR BOOKS. THE TERROR. THE ART OF TAXIDERMY. A Romance of the French Revolution. By Felix GRAS, author of "The Reds of the Midi." Translated by Mrs. By John ROWLEY, Chief of the Department of Taxi- dermy in the American Museum of Natural History. CATHARINE A. JANVIER. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth, $2.00. The new romance relates the history of the year for which Pascalet was absent, and of some years more. It describes the sufferings and persecu- Mr. Rowley has introduced new features into the art which have not tion of the heroine Adeline as an "aristocrat," thus furnishing a point been described in print before, and his book represents the latest ad- of view of the Revolution which is the opposite of that presented in vances in taxidermy as an art and as a science. He takes a hunting The Reds of the Midi.” The central motif of the romance, developed party to the Canadian woods in his opening chapter, and gives a series with singular sympathy by the author, is the picture of a young girl's of vivid pictures of actual field work. This is followed by a series of care- feelings when thrown into the vortex of the French Revolution. The ful explanations of the proper treatment of animals, large and small, action passes for a time in Paris, and then in Avignon. of birds, and heads. The many lovers of outdoor sport who are interested as amateurs in the various phases of taxidermy will find their require- ments fully met, while to professional taxidermists this important and " THE WORK OF A MASTER." comprehensive work will be indispensable. It is elaborately illustrated. EVELYN INNES. FAMILIAR LIFE IN FIELD AND FOREST. A Story; By GEORGE MOORE, author of “Esther By F. SCHUYLER MATHEWS. A Guide to a Knowledge Waters, etc. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. of our Common Animals, Reptiles, Insects, and Birds. “The marvelously artistic analysis of the inner life of this remarkable Uniform with "Familiar Flowers, Familiar Trees," woman exercises a peculiar fascination for cultivated people. There and “Familiar Features of the Roadside." With many aro splendid interpretations of Wagner's best works, of the differences illustrations. 12mo, cloth, $1.75. between ancient and modern music, of the weaknesses of agnosticism and of the impossibility of finding happiness and freedom from misery HANDBOOK OF BIRDS OF EASTERN in a life of sin. The manner of the doing is wonderfully fine. Mr. Moore's artistic treatment provokes one's admiration again and again. NORTH AMERICA. It seems as if one could pass over no single sentence without losing With Keys to the Species; Descriptions of their Plumages, something. The appeal of the book is to the class of people best worth writing for, cultivated, intellectual people who can appreciate Nests, etc.; their Distribution and Migrations. By FRANK something better than the commonplace stories which invariably come M. CHAPMAN, Assistant Curator of Mammalogy and Orni- out right. Its literary quality is high; there are very fine things about thology, American Museum of Natural History. With it, and one feels that 'Evelyn Innes is the work of a mastor."-- Boston nearly 200 illustrations. 12mo, library edition, cloth, Herald. $3.00; pocket edition, flexible morocco, $3.50. KRONSTADT. BIRD-LIFE. A Romance. By Max PEMBERTON. Illustrated. 12mo, A Guide to the Study of our Common Birds. By FRANK cloth, $1.50. M. CHAPMAN, Assistant Curator of Mammalogy and Orni- "Kronstadt' is beyond measure superior in all respects to anything thology, American Museum of Natural History. With Mr. Pemberton has hitherto done. Singularly original in its conception, 75 full-page plates and numerous text drawings. 12mo, the story is most cunningly and cleverly told. It grips the attention in cloth, $1.75. Also edition in colors, with 75 facsimile the first paragraph and whirls one irresistibly along through all the colored plates, 8vo, $5.00. stirring incidents of its skilfully devised plot, giving one not an instant's rest until the splendid dramatic climax gives sudden relief."- London INSECT LIFE. Daily Mail. By John HENRY COMSTOCK, Professor of Entomology in LUCKY BARGEE. Cornell University. With illustrations by Anna Bots- FORD COMSTOCK, member of the Society of American A Novel. By HARRY LANDER. 12mo, cloth, $1.25. Wood Engravers. 12mo, cloth, $2.50. Also Teachers' and Students' edition, cloth, $1.50. ARACHNE. An Egyptian Romance. By Dr. GEORG EBERS, author Appletons' Town and Country Library. of "Uardo," "Joshua,” “An Egyptian Princess,” etc. Uniform edition. In two volumes. 16mo. Per vol., 12mo, cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 cents. cloth, 75 cents ; paper, 40 cents. THE MILLIONAIRES. A Novel By F. FRANKFORT MOORE, author of "A Gray Eye or So," etc. A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES JOHN OF STRATHBOURNE. A Romance of the Days of NAVY, Francis I. By R. D. CHETWODE. From 1775 to 1898. By EDGAR STANTON MACLAY, A.M. MATERFAMILIAS. By ADA CAMBRIDGE, author of "Fi- With Technical Revision by Lieutenant Roy C. SMITH, delis," "A Marriage Ceremony," "The Three Miss U.S. N. New edition, revised and enlarged, with new Kings, 'My Guardian," etc. chapters and several new illustrations. In two volumes. 8vo. Per vol., cloth, $3.50. Appletons' Guide Books. This edition has been brought down to Dewey's victory at Man- (REVISED ANNUALLY.) illa, Some of the most important additions are the chapters, Cruising after Slavers, Attack on the Wyoming, and Sea Power in the Civil War. APPLETONS' GENERAL GUIDE TO THE UNITED Some of the other material incorporated is an account of Commander STATES. With numerous Maps and Illustrations. 12mo. (now Commodore) Schley's arctic relief expedition, the sequel to the Flexible morocco, with Tack, $2.50. (Part I., separately, sinking of the Monitor, a fuller account of the Apia disaster, the last New ENGLAND AND MIDDLE STATES AND CANADA; appearance of the Merrimac in Hampton Roads, from material prepared cloth, $1.25, Part II., SOUTHERN AND WESTERN STATES; for the author by Rear-Admiral Thomas Stowell Phelps, the latest de- velopments in gun and ship building, an outline of the formation and cloth, $1.25.) development of our marine, medical, and pay departments, an explana- APPLETONS' GUIDE-BOOK TO ALASKA. By Miss E. R. tion of the Cuban complications, an account of the Maine disaster and SCIDMORE. Including an Account of the Klondyke. our relations with Spain, and a description of the equipment and mobi- Flexible cloth, $1.00. lization of the navy in the winter and spring of 1898 down to May 1. There are several new and typical pictures of vessels prominent in our naval APPLETONS' CANADIAN GUIDE-BOOK. By CHARLES G. operations, and also new maps showing the scenes of naval operations. D. ROBERTS. Complete in one volume. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. Without dwelling upon many other important new features, reference may be made to the revision of the list of naval vessels, which now APPLETONS' DICTIONARY OF “ GREATER” NEW includes our new purchases. The War of 1812 is now ended in Vol. I. YORK AND VICINITY. With Maps of New York and The number of pages in each volume has been greatly increased. Vicinity. Square 12mo, paper and cloth. (Send for a copy (free) of Appletons' Fiction Bulletin with Portraits of Authors.) These books are for sale by all Booksellers, or they will be sent by mail, postpaid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers, D. APPLETON & COMPANY, 72 Fifth Ave., New York. 7 THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. PAGE . . . . - THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage A CENTURY OF AMERICAN FICTION. prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must The American novel is just one hundred be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the years old. It took the colonists nearly two cen- current number. REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by express or postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and turies to free their imagination from the phys- for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; ical and intellectual trammels imposed upon it and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished by the hard necessity of making a virgin world on application. Au communications should be addressed to THE DIAL, 315 Wabash Ave., Chicago. into a habitation fit for man, and the still harder bondage of a theocratic conception of society. No. 289. JULY 1, 1898. Vol. XXV. As long as the forests remained uncleared and the Indians unsubdued, and as long as men's CONTENTS. minds were under the obsession of a grim the- ology, there was little hope for creative litera- A CENTURY OF AMERICAN FICTION 9 ture, and the writers who put pen to paper THE PASSING SHOW. William E. Simonds 11 were chiefly urged by a desire to take part in THE LAST SIGNER OF THE DECLARATION OF some ephemeral controversy of religion or poli- INDEPENDENCE. Edwin E. Sparks 13 tics, or, at the utmost, by the hope of emulating certain favorite examples of the mother coun- A MODERN ROMANCER. Margaret Steele Anderson 14 try's literary product. Thus the best of our A QUARTETTE OF RECENT BIOGRAPHIES. early writings were imitative, and imitative our Percy Favor Bicknell 15 Memoirs of a Highland Lady.--Hodder's The Sev. budding literature remained until a time within enth Earl of Shaftesbury, K.G.-Falklands.- Por. the memory of many persons now living. But ter's Led On! Step by Step! the publication of Brown's "Wieland," in 1798, RECENT BOOKS OF TRAVEL. Hiram M. Stanley 17 at least marked the beginning of the end of Prince d'Orléans' From Tonkin to India. – Mrs. our long term of sterility, and this is why it Tweedie's Through Finland in Carts.- Dana's East- ern Journeys. — Steevens's With the Conquering becomes appropriate, in 1898, to ask what has Turk.-Stanley's Through South Africa.- Flint's been accomplished for us by a century of novel- Marching with Gomez.-Swineford's Alaska.-Tyr- rell's Across the Sub-Arctics of Canada.- Barrows's writing. The Isles and Shrines of Greece.— Reeves's Brown When we entered upon the first decade of Men and Women. — De Windt's Through the Gold the present century, we had nothing to show in Fields of Alaska. the form of fiction except the earliest of Brown's RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne 20 romances, and two or three such books as Hewlett's The Forest Lovers. - Dawe's A Bride of Japan. - Mrs. Ward's Helbeck of Bannisdale. Susanna Rowson's “ Charlotte Temple, a Tale Miss Sharp's The Making of a Prig. - Crouch's of Truth,” whose “pages were long bedewed Señorita Montenar.- Hichens's The Londoners. Howells's The Story of a Play, - Johnston's Pearce with many tears of many readers." But the Amerson's Will. Scollard's A Man at Arms. novel-reader of these days was not as insatiate Johnson's The King's Henchman. - Stephens's The in appetite as he has since become, and was Continental Dragoon. - Miss Prince's At the Sign of well content with Richardson, and Fielding, the Silver Crescent. — Daudet's The Head of the Family. - Margueritte's The Disaster. and Sterne, and Miss Burney, if his taste were BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 23 of the finer sort; with Walpole, and “ Monk” The Great Charles of French history. - A French Lewis, and Ann Radcliffe, if his imagination volunteer in two Revolutions. Col. Higginson's thirsted for mystery and gloom. He was prob- “Cheerful Yesterdays."-Songs and ballads for the hour.-The suppression of seriousness among women. ably happier with the few books of native origin -Sketches of boyhood life. — Inside views of rail- that he did possess than our latter-day readers, road life. - Du Maurier and some of his fellow who get more American fiction than they can craftsmen. possibly digest, yet wax indignant because the BRIEFER MENTION 25 Great American Novel is so long delayed, and LITERARY NOTES 25 declaim upon the national folly of our liking BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING. A classified list all good books in the English language, even if of some of the best recent publications 26 they are written by our kin beyond seas, or TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. 27 translated from the tongues of the stranger. LIST OF NEW BOOKS . 28 It may prove interesting to take the present . . . . 10 [July 1, THE DIAL hel . > a century by decades, and see what each decen- hold upon life, “ The Dutchman's Fireside,' nial period has done for the development of the bears the date of 1831. The year following art of novel-writing in the United States. We was the year of “Swallow Barn,” which marked have seen how the account stood in the begin the beginning of a distinctively Southern va- ning; what had we to show for ourselves ten riety of the American novel. Kennedy's slender years later? It is a question easily answered. contribution to our fiction falls wholly within There were the rest of Brown's romances, a this decade, as does also the first instalment of few such books as Tabitha Tenney's “Female the romantic fiction that was for thirty years Quixotism and Caroline Warren's “ The to flow in such a stream from the prolific pen Gamesters,” and — of greater significance than of Simms. Nor must we forget to mention the anything hitherto done in American letters name of Dr. Bird, if it be only to note the fact the book which, although not a novel, was to that the yellow-covered“ dime” novel of a later prove the starting-point of truly native inspir- generation traced its lineage back to “ Nick of ation in fiction, the famous “ History of New the Woods” and “ The Hawks of Hawk Hol- York” by one Diedrich Knickerbocker. When low." From the late thirties also date the another ten years had passed, the pioneer popular “Zenobia" and "Aurelian” of Will- “ " work begun with this delightful piece of quasi- iam Ware, which still find admirers, we believe, historical and humorous fiction was still further in certain strata of the reading public. When emphasized by the publication of "The Sketch- this decade came to its close, the “ Twice-Told Book.” Of the stories included in this volume, Tales,” first collected three years before, had Professor Richardson justly says : “ They are shown the existence of a hitherto unexampled local in scene and character, strong in delinea- artistic force in American letters, the “ Hyper- tion of the personages introduced, and thor- ion" of the year just preceding had given our oughly artistic in literary form and elabora- public a faint but charming reflection of the tion. When to novelty in theme and form romantic movement in Germany, while Poe's was added the easy serenity of an assured and “Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque" made confident literary touch, American fiction had the year 1840 a landmark in the history of our clearly passed beyond the stage of apology and fiction. curiosity. The fifth decade was distinguished by noth- The year 1820 is also noteworthy as the ing more noteworthy than Herman Melville's year in which “ Precaution ” saw the light, and stories of the southern seas, which appeared in the most important thing to be said about the rapid succession during these years. But the twenties is that they witnessed the development year that stands midway in the century is of Cooper's activity at the rate of one new doubly significant, for it was in 1850 that novel for almost every year. It was evident that Cooper's last novel saw the light, and that “The . America had at last produced a novelist who Scarlet Letter"- the most perfect piece of had come to stay, and the acclaim with which creative literature yet produced in the United Cooper was received both at home and abroad States -- was given to the world. The decade made it clear enough that the new world was of the fifties was dominated by the genius of ready to provide both the occasion and the Hawthorne, and brought forward only two new field, and that men would soon be forthcoming names that were destined to outlive their gen- to seize upon the one and cultivate the other. eration. • Uncle Tom's Cabin and - The Meanwhile, “ the obscurest man of letters in Virginia Comedians ” must be remembered in America," as Hawthorne once styled himself, any survey, however summary, of our native ” was slowly passing through the chrysalis stage, fiction—the one for its immense social influence, and “Fanshawe,” the first of his novels, was the other for being, on the whole, the best novel actually written during the late twenties, produced by the South during the ante-bellum - although the public was to know nothing about period. it until many years later, when the fame of the The ten years that included the four of the author as the greatest of American novelists Civil War added several important new names had become fully assured. to the annals of our fiction, and are certainly Besides witnessing the continued production not chargeable with sterility, even if their lit- of Cooper's novels, the thirties brought into erary activity did not prove commensurate with prominence the name of Paulding, the friend the expansion of the national consciousness. and collaborator of Irving, and the one book The two famous novels of Holmes, the promis- by that writer which still retains a precarious | ing tales of Winthrop, the respectable fictions - 1898.] 11 THE DIAL > 66 - - of Bayard Taylor, Dr. Hale’s “ Man Without THE PASSING SHOW. a Country,” Mr. Aldrich's “ Story of a Bad Boy," and " The Innocents Abroad " make up There are two or three features in the dramatic a fairly satisfactory list, while the very last year season of 1897–98 in Chicago that are worth noting. of the decade was that in which “ The Luck of In the first place the season opened with a rather remarkable activity in the field of the “ American " Roaring Camp "took the public by storm, and drama, no less than four principal theatres present- brought into our fiction a new and resonant ing for opening attractions new productions by Amer- note of which the echoes have not yet grown ican playwrights. The Grand began August 15, with faint. “ The Hoosier Doctor,” by Mr. Augustin Thomas ; In all our annals there is probably nothing Hooley's opened the same week with Mr. Louis N. more significant than the publication of this Parker's “The Mayflower "; Mr. Clay Clement's idyl of the new rough West. It meant, as we new play, “A Southern Gentleman," was given at can see plainly enough after these thirty years, McVicker's August 23, and the Schiller Stock com- that our fiction was about to become intensely pany made their first appearance August 30 with local and vividly realistic. The fine flower of Captain Charles King's "Fort Frayne.” Of these four plays, the success was moderate, the one last ideal literary art had blossomed and died with named meeting with greatest favor. The “Amer- Hawthorne; henceforth our novelists were to ican" play has remained more or less in evidence busy themselves with the interpretation of life all through the year. Mr. Clay Clement's ever at close range, and were to produce a kaleido- delightful comedy, “The New Dominion,” came on scopic body of fiction each bit of which should at McVicker's in September; and, beginning on the sparkle with its own characteristic and inde- 27th of that month, Mr. William Gillette's “Secret pendent color. This is the general formula Service” had for six successive weeks or is said which enables us to include in one category, no to have had the most successful run of any play matter how varied the scene and how diverse in the history of Hooley's Theatre. This was fol. the accent, the work of Mr. Harte, Mr. Howells , lowed immediately, at the same theatre, by “ A Vir- ginia Courtship,” the work of Mr. Eugene W. Pres- and Mr. James, the novels of Mr. Clemens, brey, which won popularity in the hands of Mr. Mr. Warner, Mr. Cable, and Mr. James Lane William H. Crane, and held the boards three weeks. Allen, the countless sketches and social studies It was a coincidence that brought Mr. Stuart Robson of Mr. Eggleston, Dr. Mitchell , Mr. Pagé, to McVicker's at the same time (November 7), in Colonel Johnston, and Major Kirkland, and Mr. Bronson Howard's old success, “The Henrietta." the charming section of our literature that em- “At Piney Ridge,” a play of the Tennessee moun- braces the writings of Miss Murfree, Miss tains, by Mr. David Higgins, came on at the last- Wilkins, Miss Jewett, Miss French, and Mrs. named theatre, November 28, and was followed by Foote. Compared with this list, which might Mr. Denman Thompson in “The Old Homestead” in December. Mr. Belasco's “ Heart of Maryland be indefinitely extended with minor yet deserv- was at the Columbia during that month also, with ing names, the novelists who have eschewed Mrs. Leslie Carter in the leading role. Mr. Nat realism and stood for the old romantic conven- Goodwin, in “An American Citizen," played at tions are but a small company, and have done Hooley's for three weeks in January, and then pro- little to check the tidal movement of the period. duced the season's novelty in this field, the heroic An entire generation of novel-readers has found drama of "Nathan Hale," by Mr. Clyde Fitch. This satisfaction in fiction of the descriptive and was the most notable event of the year, although analytical type, and the inevitable reaction of the success of this interesting effort was not uncon- taste sets in so slowly that, although the signs ditioned. Mr. James A. Hearne's always popular “ Shore Acres have been gathering for several years, the was on at McVicker's for two weeks in February, while Mr. Thompson's “Sunshine changing of the old order has barely begun. of Paradise Alley” ran coincidently at Hooley's, Such is the history of American fiction, from and Mr. Joseph Arthur's “ Blue Jeans came to the “ Wieland” of 1798 to the “Caleb West, the Schiller, February 20. “Shenandoah," Mr. let us say, of exactly a hundred years later. Bronson Howard's effective melodrama, began a phenomenal run at McVicker's, May 16, which bids fair to outlast the present war with Spain; special PROBABLY the most satisfactory black-and-white features of a spectacular character have been intro- reproductions of the principal works in the annual Royal Academy exhibitions are to be found in Messrs. Cassell duced, and Mr. Otis Skinner appears in the cast. & Company's well-known “Royal Academy Pictures." “Chattanooga," a new play by Mr. Lincoln J. The reproductions given are of adequate size, carefully Carter, was put on at the Columbia, June 25. printed on fine plate paper, and convey, on the whole, a So much for “ American” drama down-town. very good idea of the originals. The 1898 edition of A study of the attractions presented at the outlying this work, issued, as usual, in five parts, is now ready. theatres shows that the patrons of these latter places 66 99 12 1 THE DIAL [July 1, » of amusement are fond of native color also. Of another dramatization by Mr. Rose, of Mr. Anthony course in these houses melodrama rules. The titles Hope's now story “ The Adventure of the Lady Ur- on their bills run thus: “ The Brand of Cain," sula.” The success of this last named play, in the “Straight from the Heart,” “Humanity,” “Land hands of Mr. Sothern and Miss Harned, fairly of the Living,” “Woman in Black,” “ A Guilty rivals that of its ever popular predecessor. Two Mother,” “Fallen Among Thieves," “ The Span of other dramatizations proved very effective upon the Life,” ,” “The Great Train Robbery,” “When Lon- stage: “A Lady of Quality," presented by Miss don Sleeps," ,” “Under the Polar Star,” etc. Spec- Julia Arthur, and “ Tess of the D'Urbervilles," with tacular realism, particularly as developed in Mr. Mrs. Fiske in the title role. The effort to construct Lincoln J. Carter's ingenious plays —"The Tor- . an acting-play out of “Beside the Bonnie Brier nado," "The Fast Mail,” “ Under the Dome," and Bush" was either ludicrous or pitiful, as the reader others of the same type, “The Operator,” “ The chooses ; it is proper, however, to chronicle the Electrician,” “A Midnight Alarm," "The Police event as one of the novelties of the year. Patrol," - is exceedingly popular; and of course The ultimate purpose of this annual review of plays dealing with the United States Navy, such as the local dramatic season is to maintain somewhere “ The Ensign,” “The Man o' War's Man,” “The a convenient record of the Shakespearian perform- White Squadron,” have had some vogue. The titles ances in Chicago.* Although the Chicago stage is here presented are typical of the productions which distinctly provincial, this city is nevertheless very have held the boards at the Academy, the Alham- near the centre of national life, and is perhaps as bra, the Bijou, the Lincoln, during the season past. truly indicative of the rise and fall in dramatic The lover of melodrama is also fond of local settings, values as any city in the country. Two years ago and Mr. Carter's sensational achievement entitled the city was remarkably fortunate in the numerous “ The Heart of Chicago," in which mechanical productions of the Shakespearian dramas and in the effects are successfully combined with familiar general excellence of their artistic merit; there were scenes as an ingenious setting for the customary eighty-eight performances recorded for that year plot, is a popular play. “ Under the Dome" has (1895–96). During the season of 1896–97 there had a good run ; 80 also have “McFadden's Flats ” were sixty-eigbt. For the season of 1897–98, and "Hogan's Alley.” It is natural enough that just closed, only fifty Shakespearian performances for this class of plays the Eastern metropolis should were given. In each of the previous years, thirteen be the favorite among American cities in furnishing of the plays were brought out; this season there a locale, and it is amusing to note how these me- were but ten. “ The Comedy of Errors" is the chanics of art ring the changes on their theme. only new production of the year. Thus, early in the season came a play called “The Aside from the return to the stage of Madame Wolves of New York"; this was followed by “The Modjeska in her old-time repertory, the notable Streets of New York"; then came “ The Pulse of event of the year was the appearance in September, New York"; later, “ The Sidewalks of New York”; and again in March and April, of Mr. Thomas and lastly, “ Alone in Greater New York.” On the Keene. Now that the season of this popular and whole, there is surprisingly little of the morally conscientious actor has indeed closed forever, it is objectionable presented at any one of these four pleasant to recall the double visit with its extended houses during the year. The managers appear to list of plays ; no less than nine different characters understand what their patrons want, and supply the were essayed by Mr. Keene. demand in quality good of its kind. A study of the Following is the tabulated record of Shakespear- material furnished the people who attend these ian productions for the year. houses is interesting and not discouraging. How- Plays. Players. ever lurid these dramas may be, the illumination is Modjeska. commonly that of honest fireworks, and the smell Modjeska-Haworth. Nov. 15, 19. Sept. 11, 16. of gunpowder is more wholesome than the fumes of Sept. 9, 12, Mar. 31. more pretentious plays in another class. That there 4 { Riomara Keenes Sept. 6, 15, Apr. 2. are four cheap houses in Chicago which have sev- Oct. 30, Nov. 1, 2, 3. erally supplied melodrama of a legitimate type Sept. 10, 13, Apr. 1. Joseph Haworth almost continuously for the year, along with Colonel with Modjeska. Hopkins's excellent play-house serving standard 8 Comedy of Errors. attractions of a similar sort, is matter for congratu- Sept.5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 9 Richard III. Mar.27, 29, Apr.2. lation among those who look seriously at the prob- Dec.6-12 (8 times). lem of public amusement in a great city. 10 Taming of the Shrew. 12 A June 2, 3, 4 (2). year ago we noticed the tendency to go to suc- cessful works of fiction for dramatic material. Among plays of this class we have had this year in * See THE DIAL, Jane 16, 1896, and July 16, 1897. In the addition to “ The Prisoner of Zenda," “ Under the second article on “Shakespeare in Chicago," page 38, there Red Robe,” and “Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,” an are two misprints. The dates of "Twelfth Night" should be Jan. 7, 8, instead of Jan. 10. "The Tempest " was presented adaptation of Stevenson’s “ Prince Otto" in a pro- Jane 1, 2 (twice), 3. duction entitled “ Prince Rudolph,” along with W. E. SIMONDS. No. Marlowe-Taber. Dates. Nov. 4. Nov. 20. 2 1 As You Like It. 2 Macbeth. 3 Julius Cæsar. 4 Othello. 5 Merchant of Venice. 6 Romeo and Juliet. 2 2 3 Thomas Keene. Thomas Keene. 1 4 Richard Mansfield. Feb. 15. Marlowe-Taber. Thomas Keene. Nov. 20. 7 Hamlet. 4 8 Stuart Robson. Nov. 14-20 (8 times). Thomas Keene. 9 Richard Mansfield. Feb. 17. Edith Crane with Sol Smith Russell. Ada Rehan. 10 50 7 1898.] 13 THE DIAL a he was at once elected to the Continental Con- The New Books. gress and signed the engrossed copy of the Declaration. He was a member of the state THE LAST SIGNER OF THE DECLARATION convention which formed a constitution for OF INDEPENDENCE.* Maryland, and a state senator under that con- Among the signatures to the Declaration of stitution, as we know from his name on the , Independence, that of Charles Carroll of Car- records. He refused to serve on what would rollton always attracts attention because of its have been the most important of the many mis- peculiarity. But the individuality of Charles sions to which he was called, viz., as a delegate Carroll was marked in many other ways. He to the Constitutional Convention at Philadel- was supposed to be the richest man in the re- phia in 1787 ; yet one can only conjecture the bellious American colonies, George Washington reason for his refusal. His name alone tells that ranking second. The Carrolls in Maryland he was in the Maryland convention where the were so numerous that he added the name of Constitution was ratified by a rather high- one of his plantations to properly designate handed proceeding. He was the first United himself. Being a Roman Catholic, his acces- States senator from Maryland, but has added sion to the ranks of the rebels rebuked those little to our meagre information concerning Protestants who claimed that the Church was those days of closed senate doors. hostile to the cause. For the same reason, and Yet a chronologically arranged statement of because he had been educated in France, he was Carroll's services, taken from the records and chosen by the Continental Congress, although from letters preserved by others, is a veritable not a member of that body, as one of three com- and desirable addition to historical literature. missioners to the Canadians in a forlorn hope of So thorough and systematic has been the search getting them into the rebellion against the king. already made by biographers, that one can He was one of the signers of the Declaration, scarcely expect to find much new matter con- but was not present when that document was cerning the public life of any Revolutionary popularly supposed to have been signed on the father. The private letters and papers written fourth of July. He was the last survivor of before entering and after leaving public life " tion " fifty years after he had placed his name to the original. under consideration has made a praiseworthy In view of his long life, and the part he took contribution. in the most prominent events of the nation's The letters written by the father of Charles history, the opinions of Charles Carroll would Carroll to his son in European schools show the be invaluable if they had been preserved. Not Roman Catholic in a colony supposed to have being a New Englander, he was not trained in been planted for the freedom of that sect, but the duty of keeping a diary; and, equally un- persecuted by an “established church,” de- fortunately, he did not even preserve his letters. prived of office, obliged to pay double taxes, “When those events [of the Revolution) had forbidden to give a religious education to his gone by, the matters to which they relate ceas- children, and his life made so intolerable that ing to be interesting to the writers, the letters he contemplates sacrificing his vast landed were destroyed, at least those that were directed property for the sake of an asylum in some more to me.” liberal land. Indeed, an ancestor had long be- Had he been more provident, or in the habit fore changed his motto to “ Anywhere with of reducing his thoughts to writing, he might liberty,” and fled from an intolerant old world have thrown much light on disputed and obscure only to have his descendant find an equal intol- points. He was present as a visitor when the erance in the new. A religious as well as civil procession of delegates marched from the City freedom was demanded ; and Charles Carroll ; Tavern to the Carpenters' Hall to organize the of Carrollton, hearing the story of colonial per- First Continental Congress, but he left not a secution from his father, had a grievance which line concerning it. His timely return to the easily persuaded him to embark his immense Maryland legislature, after the Canada expe- fortune in a rebellion against a tyrannical state dition, turned the scale for independence, and and a tyrannical state church. “To obtain reli. * LIFE AND CORRESPONDENCE OF CHARLES CARROLL OF gious as well as civil liberty, I entered zealously CARROLLTON. By Kate Mason Rowland. In two volumes. into the Revolution, and observing the Chris- Illustrated. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. tian religion divided into many sects, I founded the signers, and isued a - reafirmatory declara are likely to be the only reward of the investi- 1 14 [July 1, THE DIAL the hope that no one would be so predominant the confusion of the date of Carroll signing the as to become the religion of the State." Declaration (Aug. 2 on page 180 of Vol. I., Equally interesting are the family letters of and Aug. 20 on page 343 of Vol. II.), the edit- Carroll after his retirement from public life, ing has been carefully and most exhaustively commenting on the political changes and the done. No one can lay aside these volumes with- rising complications of the United States with out an increased respect for this worthy gentle- foreign nations. Pleasant glimpses are afforded man of Doughrohegan Manor, and of thanks of the daily life of a gentleman of leisure, a fine to the editor of his life and correspondence. classical scholar, and a devout churchman. EDWIN E. SPARKS. The rigid requirement of the modern biog- raphy, that it give facts instead of eulogy, has been well observed by the author. Of the A MODERN ROMANCER.* equally binding demand that the portraiture be unmarred by a foreign backgroundor distracting than the romantic revival which has come about No literary movement could be more distinct accessories, as much cannot be said. The elec- tion of a biography as a vehicle for proving a in the past few years — and this, in its popular theory is most unfortunate if not unpardonable. and most apparent form, could not be better . To attempt to prove now-a-days that our fathers illustrated than by the work of Mr. Gilbert thought and spoke of the Union in the plural Parker. It has, indeed, a side rarer than the number, is to set up a man of straw for an casual eye can view, and an inspiration too subtle for the casual thought to divine, but, as adversary. It smacks of the hair-splitting dead- language days of ante-bellum controversy. No generally conceived, it is a revival of wonder reasoning man now questions the historical su- at the glow and color and splendor of a past premacy of the States more than he does the time, a revival of interest in the epic scenes and necessary supremacy of the Union. The effort figures of a younger world. The thousand fine- in the case of Carroll is the more labored be- nesses bred of a modern art and thought are, of cause he trained with the Union-making Fed- course, admitted, but the movement is compared eralists. He acted, as did all the fathers, ac- to that which inspired the fiction of the early cording to the light they then had. To make nineteenth century; and therefore--his roman- them discern the later contest on this question ticism being not unlike that of Scott — this author is made to represent it, as Scott repre- of the supremacy of one of the joint powers, is to endow them with the gift of prophecy, — a sented the first phase of a greater renaissance. height of rhapsody to which the calm reader It would be easy to say, and is possibly true, can scarcely be carried by any biographer. that the essentials for his type of romance remain unchanged, though the forms in which to follow the confused nomenclature of parties they are presented be as different as the Old at the time of their birth, instead of adopting the history of French Canada - for action, the the terms now accepted. The attempts to ex- , plain these distinctions make the confusion historic struggle ; for setting, the strange forest and ocean; for atmosphere, the keen wind of worse, and at times it is difficult to get the intended meaning of the comments. Carroll danger; and for figures, the seigneur, soldier, spoke of the Jefferson faction as Anti-Federal- and lady, the priest and voyageur and coureur ists, although Jefferson denied that he had ever de bois — all this seems not unlike the material been an Anti-Federalist. When Carroll called of the old romancer; for in analysis we find its them Democrats he was probably thinking of elements to be the ancient ideal of courage, the “ democrats "— men who paraded " under the simple faith of the sword, the deeds of men to . whom life and death were matters of profound worn-out guise of equal liberty and right, and equal division of property, held out to the indo- simplicity. Yet the difference between the two lent and needy; but not really intended to be worlds is, perhaps, what gives to our romance its executed.” Jefferson repudiated the title Demo distinguishing quality—for, when worthily ours, crat, derived from the excesses of the Demo- it has something of the unexampled freshness, cratic clubs. He adopted the word Republican, promise, power, of a marvellous young conti- since he believed in a representative republic ; nent. Here, if we vision it and have strength it remained for the rough old “ Hickory ”Jack- * GILBERT PARKER'S NOVELS. New uniform edition, son to establish a levelling Democratic party. Sword," "The Trespasser," " The Translation of a Savage,” including “The Seats of the Mighty,' " " The Trail of the Barring a few minor discrepancies, such as and “Mrs. Falchion." New York: D. Appleton & Co. 4 1 1898.] 15 THE DIAL - to use it, lies the advantage of our material. imaginative phrases 6. The Seats of the To a certain extent, Mr. Parker has used it. Mighty,” “The Porch of the World,” “ As . ” His characters, it is true, are not men of intense Water unto Wine,” « The Gates of Misfor. ideals, finding in the wilderness the home of tune”—are entirely suited to it. The very char- religions liberty - only men eager for adven- acter of the French people, and the vidness ture, explorers, traders, soldiers, ready to fling of their speech and manner, give him warrant away their lives, some under the lilies of France, for certain emotional scenes. Iberville, saying some under the cross of St. George, to hold the to Frontenac, “ Once, sir, you made it a choice land for the king. Yet — “trading, fighting, “trading, fighting, between the woman and the sword,” and press- revelling ”- he makes them suggest the fresh ing his lips to the sword's hilt-cross, is not unreal, spirit of their time, the daring dream of their but simply un-English. Nor is Alixe Duvar- new world; and he gives us, too, a conception ney unreal when she tells how, at the palace which, heretofore, the historian alone has given of the Intendant, to a roomful of banqueters, — the conception of our continent as a great, she played the part of danseuse, in order to splendid, half-mysterious stage, on which the save her lover. Indeed, in Mr. Parker's mas- strong nations of Europe were set to play the terpiece, from which this last example is drawn, drama of conquest. In all this he proves him- there are none but the most legitimate effects, self American ; by these signs his work belongs and there is a real delicacy of touch, a great to us. dignity of narration. It is difficult to speak of Mr. Parker except The time is not so far past when no one cared, as concerning himself with the past, for his or dared, to tell these heroic tales, and when genius comes to its own in historic epochs and our art was fearful lest, by chance, it should among picturesque figures. Of his modern create an impressive character. The change to stories - if they may properly be called such this romanticism has been very marked, and _ “ The Trespasser" is the only one which ap- from the extreme which Mr. Parker represents proaches in power “The Seats of the Mighty we must expect some backward swing - to or “ The Trail of the Sword "- and the chief heroisms finer than those of the sword, and to character here is a man from a strange, wild adventures whose end is greater than the con- country, having Indian blood in his veins, with quest of provinces. But there can hardly come a curious magnetism about him, and with cer- a time when we shall not find something thrill- tain looks, thoughts, memories, which make ing in the wide canvass of early America, and him almost the incarnation of a far-off ancestor. something poetic in the stalwart figures that Such a subject, though it presents a deeply people it, no matter what their ideals. romantic problem, to which he can not do jus- MARGARET STEELE ANDERSON. tice and which, indeed, calls for the genius of a Hawthorne - is not wholly unsuited to Mr. Parker's abilities. But when he writes of really modern people, he is in a strange air, seeking A QUARTETTE OF RECENT BIOGRAPHIES.* strange gods. It is not that he would give these The reader who finds no entertainment in people adventure we are never too civilized any of the five hundred closely printed pages for that; but he can not present modern men of the “ Memoirs of a Highland Lady” must and women in adventure, and when he essays be hard to please. He who nods not over some to do so is either theatrical or dull. Even the of them would enjoy reading an encyclopædia speech of the modern is not his; he has skill through in course. These reminiscences, origin- in dialogue, but it must be such dialogue as ally written to amuse the writer's children and that between Captain Robert Moray and Mon- * MEMOIRS OF A HIGHLAND LADY. The Autobiography of sieur Doltaire, eighteenth-century soldiers and Elizabeth Grant of Rotbiemurchus, afterwards Mrs. Smith of gentlemen,- or as that between the sprightly Baltiboys. 1797–1830. Edited by Lady Strachey. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co. English Jessica and young Iberville, envoy THE SEVENTH EARL OF SHAFTESBURY, K.G., as Social from Count Frontenac to the English governor. Reformer. By Edwin Hodder. Chicago: Fleming H. Revell In short, he must have, for the proper exercise Co. FALKLANDS. By the author of "The Life of Sir Kenelm of his art, material which is innately picturesque Digby," "The Life of a Prigg,” etc. With Illustrations. and impressive. With such stuff to work upon, New York: Longmans, Green, & Co. he is not theatrical, but dramatic; it lends itself LED ON! STEP BY STEP. Scenes from Clerical, Military, Educational, and Plantation Life in the South. 1828–1898. to his style, which, though simple, has a roman- An autobiography. By A. Toomer Porter, D.D. New York: tic glow and suggestiveness ; and his thrilling, 1 G. P. Putnam's Sons. а - - 16 [July 1, THE DIAL 1 a to 6 . niece, and privately printed in the first instance, warmth and affection as characterized his mani- are the personal recollections of a very clever fold activities in the cause of social reform. woman-despite Dr. Johnson's dictum that none Refusing high offices, honors, and a handsome but a blockhead ever wrote except for money. income, he labored under a burden of financial Elizabeth Grant of Rothiemurchus, after. embarrassment and in the face of persistent ward Mrs. Henry Smith of Baltiboys, was, the and often malignant opposition, but with un- publishers inform us, of the same branch of faltering devotion, first in the House of Com- the Grant family from which our own General mons, and then, upon his father's death in 1851, Grant claimed descent. Lady Strachey, wife in the House of Lords, to secure much-needed of Sir Richard Strachey and a kinswoman of legislation for the protection of the laboring the Grants, has edited the memoirs. They classes, the poor and the unfortunate. Factory cover the years from 1797 to 1830, although hands, miners, brick-makers, chimney-sweeps, the writer, who died in 1885 in her eighty- agricultural laborers, lunatics, flower girls, ninth year, brought them down to a much later shoe-blacks, and countless others, profited by , date. Her father, Sir John Peter Grant, a his exertions. Active personal examination gentleman of considerable property, an advo- and inspection of mines, factories, asylums, cate by profession, and in later life appointed schools, and a hundred other institutions, were a judgeship in Bombay,” led a restless, added to his official duties in Parliament; tak- roving life, as did his family with him. Hence ing nothing upon hearsay, he desired a minute the variety and interest of the “ Memoirs," and personal knowledge of all abuses calling for the allusions to countless places and persons of correction. The magnitude of his labors and note. Life at Oxford in 1810, the installation the vast number of good causes initiated or of Lord Grenville as chancellor of the Univer. encouraged by him almost passes belief; and it sity, reminiscences of Shelley's student days at was said of him that his speeches in behalf of this period, a sojourn at Windsor, anecdotes of each of these reforms made his hearers believe Lord Jeffrey, a reference to Sir Walter Scott him solely and entirely engrossed in promoting as seen in society, the hair-raising terrors of that particular reform, as the one great work of the Indian jungle, the awful fury of a tropical his life. “ Love, serve,” was his ancestral storm, a visit to Waterloo, and one to St. Helena motto; and nobly did he live up to it. The a few years after Napoleon's death,— these and book, handy, clearly written, and inspiring, will a thousand other matters lure the reader on be especially welcome to those unable to own from page to page. A single passage, in con- the author's more extended life of Lord clusion, concerning Sir Walter Scott may be Shaftesbury. welcome: Again the anonymous author of the “Prig” “I was never in company with Walter Scott; he went books and of an entertaining life of Sir Kenelm out very little, and when he did go he was not agreeable, | Digby, already reviewed in these columns, generally sitting very silent, looking dull and listless, comes to the front with a life of Lucius Cary, a unless an occasional flash lighted up his countenance. In his own house he was another character, especially if second Viscount Falkland, preceded by a briefer he liked his guests. It was odd, but Sir Walter never account of Henry Cary, the first viscount. He had the reputation in Edinburgh he had elsewhere. declares his book to be written with a purpose was not the lion, I mean." “to amuse its author"; and, as often hap- The life of the Earl of Shaftesbury, by Mr. pens, in recording what amuses himself, the Edwin Hodder, in three bulky volumes, pub- writer has succeeded in amusing bis readers. lished in 1886, is so well known that the pres- Elizabeth Tanfield, wife of Henry Cary, claims ent outline of the “good ” Earl's work as a no small part of the reader's interest. When social reformer calls for but a brief, though a only ten years old, so keen-witted was she that heartily commendatory, notice. The growing she saved the life of a poor woman on trial for interest taken in social questions in recent witchcraft; but the story is too long to give in years, to the increasing exclusion of purely full, and will not bear cutting. The charm and political ones, is in no small measure due to value of the book lie in its treatment of what Shaftesbury's lifelong labors to better the con- might be considered unimportant details ; for, dition of the English laboring classes. Receiv- as the author says, “ the minor details of the ing no sympathy, and, it would seem, scarcely past are rarer than the major, and . . . often any love from his parents, the wonder is that his help to illustrate the period in which they have nature, instead of being embittered and hard-occurred.” The writer deplores his inability to ened in youth, developed such all-embracing | enliven his pages with any anecdotes of Lucius - > O 1898.] 17 THE DIAL Cary's and Letice Morison's love-making ; and RECENT BOOKS OF TRAVEL.* so the element that contributed so much to the picturesqueness of the career of Kenelm Digby, Quite the most notable recent book on Asian his contemporary, is entirely lacking in the travel is “ From Tonkin to India,” by Prince D'Or- léans. This elaborate work describes a journey present volume. But the same devotion to made, in company with two fellow countrymen, from scholarly pursuits, so common with noblemen Tonkin to India, by way of lower Yunnan and of that period, is found in the lives of both. Thibet and Upper Assam, largely through little- The second Viscount Falkland was an excellent known country, and to some extent through country classical scholar, a poet not without recognition, previously unvisited by Europeans. The aim was to the author of “ A Discourse on the Infallibility ind“ the shortest route from China to India,” and of the Church of Rome," and the supposed joint to explore the Chinese Mekong and the sources of author of Chillingworth’s “ History of Protest- the Irawadi, and in all this he was successful. Much antism." In his learned seclusion at Great of the travelling was over very rough ground, and Tew, where he was visited by the chief men of on the borders of Assam the party reached what the letters of his time, he presents a pleasing pic author called “ the acme of cumulative obstruction.” ture. A common saying of his, “I pity un- “Up to the present we had overcome many a spell of choice obstacles. They had not exhausted the vagaries learned gentlemen in a rainy day,” is worth of nature. Indeed, they might be looked upon rather remembering. In public life his going over as the occasional rockets of the entertainment, and this from Parliament to King was redeemed by his as the feu d'artifices. Jagged points, slippery surface, fidelity to the latter, even unto death. He was crumbling brinks, creepers that tripped, worm-eaten killed at the battle of Newbury, after showing climb formed of wooden pickets driven in the face of trunks up which to swarm, almost vertical ladders to himself a brave soldier. While not a great overhanging bluffs, often hauled by the sheer strength of contribution to historical literature, the present a couple of men and liana drag-ropes over boulders. We volume brings together, in convenient and struggled on because we had to, and sat down abruptly attractive form, much that has hitherto been on the other side, to marvel how the deuce we got there. Let anyone who wants good training for biceps or calf scattered and more or less inaccessible. After come here. A mile or two in a day was sometimes all we Matthew Arnold's estimate of Falkland as a could do, and at this rate we began to despair of seeing “martyr of sweetness and light, of lucidity of India in 1896.” mind and largeness of temper," this his latest The author's accounts of his struggles through this biographer cannot surely be accused of undue mountainous region and his descent into the plains prejudice in favor of his hero. of Assam are much the most interesting parts of the As a general rule, a voluminous autobiography book. The larger part is a rather dry summary, (not a posthumous one), embellished with two too sketchy, desultory, and matter-of-fact to be of portraits of its author, and containing chapters graphic vigor, humor, and spirit of adventure for the highest interest. The writer is too lacking in on “ The Work of My Life Recognized ” and “ Testimonies to My Life's Work,” is not ex- its own sake, to give his experiences literary charm. He alludes in high terms of praise to Mr. Rockhill, actly the kind of book one feels a burning desire the American explorer, whose name, however, he to read and a hungry eagerness to possess. And when it is discovered that a good portion * FROM TONKIN TO INDIA, By Prince Henri D'Orléans. Translated by Hamley Bent, M.A. Illustrated. New York: of the book has to do with an academy presided Dodd, Mead & Co. over by the writer and brought more promi- THROUGH FINLAND IN CARTS. By Mrs. Alec Tweedie. Illustrated. New York: The Macmillan Co. nently to the reader's attention by means of EASTERN JOURNEYS. By Charles A. Dana. New York : photo-engravings, the volume begins to be sug- D. Appleton & Co. gestive of an elaborate advertisement, and the WITH THE CONQUERING TURK. By G. W. Steevens. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. longing to explore its pages assumes a still THROUGH SOUTH AFRICA. By Henry M. Stanley, M.P., more negative character. Yet Dr. Porter's life D.C.L. Illustrated. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. has been full of action and incident, and his MARCHING WITH GOMEZ. By Grover Flint. Illustrated. work, both in the church and in education, has Boston : Lamson, Wolffe & Co. ALASKA. By Hon. A.P.Swineford. Illustrated. Chicago: been of great value to his State and to the Rand, McNally & Co. South generally. But when we encounter such ACROSS THE SUB-ARCTICS OF CANADA. By J. W. Tyrrell, frank instances of self-glorification as this sen- New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. THE ISLES AND SHRINES OF GREECE. By Samuel J. tence on page 253,-“The class of the refined Barrows. Boston: Roberts Brothers. and educated was to be saved to the South BROWN MEN AND WOMEN. By Edward Reeves. New through my efforts," — we feel that the author York: The Macmillan Co. is far above the need of any praise from us. THROUGH THE GOLD FIELDS OF ALASKA TO BERING STRAITS. By Harry de Windt, F.R.G.S. Illustrated. New PERCY FAVOR BICKNELL. York: Harper & Brothers. : - 18 [July 1, THE DIAL spells “Rochill.” He speaks bitterly of English and thorough account of the Finnish land and peo- aggression, but cannot conceal his admiration of ple, it is yet an extremely bright, pleasant, merry English administration. The good maps, the artis- book, a thoroughly popular travel book of the best tic illustrations, and the scientific appendices add sort. The volume is handsomely got up, and is pro- much to the value of this work. vided with a good map and interesting illustrations. “ Through Finland in Carts," by Mrs. Alec The late Charles A. Dana's volume of “ Eastern Tweedie, is an entertaining account of quite an ex- Journeys ” is a very slight collection of notes de- tended trip along the eastern shore of the Baltic, scriptive of a flying trip through Russia, Trans- with special facilities for studying the home-life of Caucasia, and Palestine. These notes are too brief the people. The title, however, is somewhat of a mis- and cursory to be of much importance, though their nomer, as the journey was mostly made by boats. very recent date may give them some value for cer- Mrs. Tweedie saw much of the life of the upper tain purposes, as for intending tourists. The book- classes, of the peasantry, and of the clergy. She let is well written, and the notices of Tiflis and the thus describes a country church service: Darial Pass, which places are somewhat out of the “ The church held nearly 4000 people, and every man beaten route, are of considerable interest. and woman present was a peasant. The building was Mr. G. W. Steevens, a correspondent of a London crowded to excess, the sexes being divided by the centre paper, gives us, in the book entitled “ With the Con- aisle. Nearly every one wore black, that being consid- quering Turk," a spirited and interesting account of ered the proper wear for Sundays, weddings, etc., espe- the recent Turko-Greek affair. Mr. Steevens started cially for the married women, who also wore black silk handkerchiefs over their heads. Each woman carried from Salonica, where, strange to say, he found the a large white handkerchief in her hand, upon which she majority of inhabitants Jews, and “the reigning leaned her head while praying. Subsequently we found speech old Spanish.” He accompanied the Turkish that all the females rolled their prayer-books up in these forces throughout the brief campaign, which he cloths while carrying them home. Service had begun characterizes as not “ really war” but a political at ten, so that three hours of it was over when we ar- demonstration. “It began as the servant of diplo- rived, and the Communion, which lasted another hour macy, instead of its master, as war should be; so it and a half, was about to begin. The place was packed, went on. Everybody had his eye on the Concert of the day very hot, and the peasant atmosphere a little oppressive. We were much struck by the children; Europe and the terms of peace.” Mr. Steevens mere babies actually being nursed by their mothers, greatly admires the fighting qualities of the Turk. while elder urchins walked in and out of the building As evidence of this we quote his vigorous descrip- going sometimes to have a game with various little tion of the storming of Vasili by the Turks. friends amidst the graves outside, plaiting daisy-chains, They heard the bullets cracking past like whips, and or telling fortunes by large ox-eyed daisies. The men the shells screaming like mad horses; they saw their walked out also, and enjoyed a pipe or gossip with a comrades fling wild arms abroad and lurch forward neighbor, and there was that general air of freedom onto their faces. Yet these indomitable men never once which prevails in a Roman Catholic Church during moved out of their steady slouch. Allah! Allah ! divine service; nevertheless, the intense sympathy, the Allah!'they cried, with a fierce but a very self-contained devotion, the general inclination to moan and weep, enthusiasm, as they tramped first through deep corn and reminded us of the Highland Kirk. But it was very then out over the bare plough. • Allah! Allah! Allah!' surprising to hear the pastor tell his congregation that the sound swelling and mingling to a hoarse roar as at a certain day he would be at an appointed place to they lined out into open order and began firing quickly receive grain, butter, potatoes, calves, etc. The clergy- but not hurriedly.• Allah! Allah! Allah!' as the jets men are paid in kind, which to them is a very suitable of fire ran more clearly round the village, and men went arrangement, as they are generally peasants' sons and down beside them, and the bullets kicked up little dust- well able to attend to their own glebes; but it did sound devels between their legs. And Allah saw them through. funny to hear a clergyman, standing in the pulpit, talk The Greeks bolted. I doubt if they lost a man, for the of butter and eggs. When the congregation stood up Turks looked to shoot very high. But they saw their we naturally stood up with them. The Findlanders are masters coming, and they went to kennel. They could short; and for two women five feet six or seven high, not stand there and face those slipshod heroes shambling with hats on the tops of their heads, suddenly to rise, composedly forward past death to victory." amazed a congregation the female members of which While Mr. Steevens's style is in general good and were seldom taller than five feet one or two, and wore vivid, it sometimes is marred by flippancy, and some- nothing on their heads but a flat handkerchief. We times the constant staccato effect becomes weari- felt like giraffes towering over the rest of the people, and gradually grew more and more ashamed of our some, especially where he is tempted, as the corre- height and hats, simple though the latter were. How spondent must be, to merely “make copy.” But on we longed to be short and have our heads covered with the whole the work is to be commended as a clear, black silk handkerchiefs like the rest of the folk around, careful, and readable account; and the excellent so as to be unnoticeable in their midst.” maps add much to its usefulness. Everywhere Mrs. Tweedie enjoys her travel experi- Mr. Henry M. Stanley's latest contribution to ences and slight adventures with a rare zest, which African subjects, entitled " Through South Africa,” she is very successful in communicating to her consists of brief and cursory letters descriptive of a readers. While this work cannot be accounted a trip to Bulawayo on the opening of the railway last finished literary performance, nor a very notable fall, and includes also some material relating to a 66 ! 1 1 66 1898.] 19 THE DIAL visit to the Transvaal. Mr. Stanley thinks that tically of Greece old and new. He includes in his Bulawayo is destined to become the Chicago of survey the most famous and beautiful of the Isles South Africa ; and as to the situation in the Trans- and Shrines in the Ionian Islands, the Peloponne- vaal he is even abusive of Krüger and his policy. sus, Phocis, Thessaly, Attica, the Ægean Islands, This little book is certainly acute and suggestive, and Troy. Some of his pilgrimages were made and though it cannot be called dispassionate, it will under the leadership of the renowned Dorpfeld, who serve as an introduction to the present status of lectured to his students in the midst of the very South Africa for those who have not time or inclin- ruins he described. A suggestive remark is this : ation for larger works. “In modern times we build churches where we The present complication with Cuba will draw think people will resort to them; in primitive days attention to such books as “ Marching with Gomez,” of nature-worship the Greeks built their altars where by Mr. Grover Flint. This book, though made up they thought the gods loved to come.” Mr. Barrows's of the author's letters to a New York paper, is de- brief, genial, unpedantic sketches may well serve as cidedly superior in matter and form to the usual run a popular intoduction to classical Greek archæology of this kind of publication. It is a plain direct nar- in the light of the most recent investigations. Chris- rative, unsensational, and apparently truthful and tian archæology is touched upon, and the Greek life impartial. As throwing some light on the state of of to-day is clearly described. The photographic the Cuban insurgents and on the nature of Spanish illustrations are very good, but there is no map. role, it is of considerable value. Mr. Flint finds “ Brown Men and Women," by Mr. Edward that the fighting Cubans are disdainful of autonomy Reeves, is an account, rather glib and desultory, of a and of annexation, but wholly bent on absolute hasting traveller to the usual ports in the South Seas. independence. The historical introduction to this The Friendly Islands, Samoa, the Fiji Group, the book, by Mr. John Fiske, is of decided value, and Cook Group, and the Society Islands are described the sketches and maps are of interest. in a light and lively vein; but we regret to say that The book on Alaska, by the Hon. A. P. Swine- the temper shown is often unscientific and the tone ford, is the result of personal observation in all vulgar. At the most, the author gets but glimpses parts of that vast territory. It is much better than of Island life; yet he writes in a most assertive and the usual run of books on the subject, and furnishes even pugnacious manner, as witness particularly his a useful and apparently trustworthy compend. The savage denunciation of the missionaries. And yet, Klondike region is included in the survey. The as a recent sketch of the status of Polynesia, the description of the Indians of Alaska, though sum- book has considerable value and interest. It has no mary, is of value. The book has a good map and general map of the route, but is provided with nu- fair illustrations. merous and striking illustrations. Mr. J. W. Tyrrell's “ Across the Sub-Arctics of Much the best of recent books on Alaska that we Canada” is a very modest and simple narrative of have met with is “Through the Gold-Fields of Alaska an exploring trip made in 1893 through the Barren to Bering Straits," by Mr. Harry De Windt. Mr. Lands adjacent to Hudson Bay. The expedition was De Windt, who is evidently a professional traveller, sent out by the Canadian Government, to discover attempted a journey from New York to Paris by a water route from Black Lake, which is just above land; but he succeeded only in reaching Fort St. Lake Athabasca, to Baker Lake at the head of Michaels, on the Yukon, where he learned that Chesterfield Inlet, and Mr. Tyrrell accomplished Bering Straits were not practicable for a crossing on this by a canoe journey, interrupted by frequent the ice. So he had recourse to the U. S. Steamer portages, along river and lake for 810 miles through “ Bear,” which landed him at Oumwaidjik, on the an unknown country. He returned late in the au- Siberian side of the Straits. Here he was in virtual tumo, by a very perilous coasting trip along Hudson captivity among the Tchuktchi savages for some Bay to Fort Churcbill. Mr. Tyrrell came in con- months, vainly endeavoring to get forwarded to Ana- tact with both Indians and Eskimos. To the Eski- drysk. Matters finally began to look serious ; but mos he devotes two chapters, which, though contri- he was at length rescued by a passing whaler. Mr. buting little that is new, are yet fresh with personal De Windt's story of his Tchuktchi experiences is observation. He describes the Mackenzie River Es- extremely interesting, though we suspect that most kimos as “wearing stones in the cheeks, upon each readers will be chiefly attracted by the first part of side of the mouth.” They “have the reputation of the book, wherein is a vivid account of the Klon- being a bad lot, and it is said when they are heard dike region, through which the author passed, by to rattle their cheek stones against their teeth it is way of the Chilkoot pass, not long before the great time to be on the lookout. The stones are cut in gold discoveries. Alaska he regards as “one of the the shape of large shirt studs, and are let through few countries of the world where, so far as travelling the cheeks by cutting holes for them.” The book facilities are concerned, money goes for nothing. is saitably illustrated from photographs, and it has Here all grades are equal, from the government a sketch-map of the author's route. official to the San Francisco “tough.'” The journey In “ The Isles and Shrines of Greece" Mr. S. J. to Dawson City he described as “ passed under cir- Barrows discourses very pleasantly and enthusias- cumstances compared to which the roughest work a 6 20 [July 1, THE DIAL > 1 in other wild lands is mere child's play.” At one 80 far does it depart from the ordinary conventions place “the trail lies through a dense, swampy forest, of romance, so filled is it with the sense of a close and half the distance is barely covered when we are communion with nature, and so radiant with sheer literally driven back by clouds of mosquitoes. The imaginative beauty. It is one of those rare produc- air is black with the pests, which attack us with tions that compel immediate acceptance as literature almost alarming ferocity. For the first time I no in the classical meaning of the term, and silence all longer doubt Cooper's assertion that the strongest critical questionings by the supreme excellence of men sometimes break down and give way to tears the achievement which they embody. Some notion under their sufferings.” Mr. De Windt greatly ad- of what it is may perhaps be conveyed by asking mires the Alaskan scenery, which resembles Switzer- the reader to think of a romance by William Morris land. The account of the Klondike country is brought blended with the high spirits of a Zenda tale. It down to date. We can recommend this book as a has the grace of the one and the action of the other, very capable and entertaining book of travels. It and its local habitation is as far to seek as in either is well furnished with illustrations and with a map of these illustrative cases. Whether we are to think of the route, and the paper and the presswork are of France or England when absorbed in its pages a delight to the eye. HIRAM M. STANLEY. matters but little, and our fancy is left free to range through the centuries of mediævalism if we even care to wonder into what particular period of the world's chronicle we are transported. The book is RECENT FICTION.* a joy to read and to remember, a source of clean and pure delight to the spiritual sense, a triumph “My story will take you into times and spaces of romance reduced to the essentials, and interpreted alike rude and uncivil. Blood will be spilt, virgins with a mastery of expression that is well-nigh be- suffer distresses; the horn will sound through wood- yond praise. land glades ; dogs, wolves, deer, and men, Beauty Both fiction and actual life have afforded numer- and the Beasts, will tumble each other, seeking life ous instances of love affairs between Englishmen or death with their proper tools. There should be and Japanese maidens, and the novelists, at any rate, mad work, not devoid of entertainment. ...I have usually given an ideal coloring to the relation, hope you will not ask me what it all means, or what and sought in the comparison to put our Western the moral of it is. I rank myself with the historian loves to shame. It is evidently for the purpose of in this business of tale-telling, and consider that my sole affair is to hunt the argument dispassionately showing the other side of the shield that Mr. Carlton ." Dawe has written his story of “ A Bride of Japan," Thus are we introduced to the tale of “The Forest and, although we think he has exaggerated the con- Lovers,” by Mr. Maurice Hewlett, whose “ Earth. sequences of this particular form of mixed marriage, work out of Tuscany” some time ago prepared a it is undeniable that he has given a powerful por- receptive audience for whatever he might choose to trayal of the situation from his own point of view. write. It is difficult to characterize this new book, The book is unpleasant, yet one that we would not *THE FOREST LOVERS. A Romance. By Maurice Hewlett. have missed reading. New York: The Macmillan Co. Mrs. Humphry Ward's new novel, “Helbeck of A BRIDE OF JAPAN. By Carlton Dawe. Chicago: Herbert Bannisdale,” comes to our table unheralded by the S. Stone & Co. puff preliminary or other cheap devices for creating HELBECK OF BANNISDALE. By Mrs. Humphry Ward. Two volumes. New York: The Macmillan Co. an anticipatory prejudice in its favor, and the fact THE MAKING OF A PRIG. By Evelyn Sharp. New York: that it has gone hastily through the press is evi- John Lane. denced by a proof-reading so careless that we find SEÑORITA MON AR. By Archer P. Crouch. New York: it difficult to recognize the workmanship of a pub- Harper & Brothers. lishing house whose name usually stands for the THE LONDONERS. By Robert Hichens. Chicago: Herbert most fastidious accuracy in the mechanical details S. Stone & Co. THE STORY OF A PLAY. A Novel. By W. D. Howells. of book-making. Perhaps the first thing to say about New York: Harper & Brothers. the book considered as literature is to record the PEARCE AMERSON'S WILL. By Richard Malcolm Johnston. fact that it harks back to Mrs. Ward's “ Robert Chicago: Way & Williams. Elsmere ” period, and marks the abandonment for A MAN AT ARMS. By Clinton Scollard. Boston: Lamson, the time being of her concern in the social prob- Wolffe, & Co. lems of the time. The problem here presented is THE KING'S HENCHMAN. A Chronicle of the Sixteenth Century. By William Henry Johnson. Boston: Little, the religious one, and, as before, the religious prob- Brown, & Co. lem in its inmost spiritual essence, while the conflict THE CONTINENTAL DRAGOON. By Robert Neilson Stephens. in the present case is sharper than that to which Boston: L. C. Page & Co. Robert Elsmere succumbed, and the issue more AT THE SIGN OF THE SILVER CRESCENT. By Helen Choate tragic. In the earlier work, we were made to con- Prince. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. template the struggle of a strong intellectual nature THE HEAD OF THE FAMILY. By Alphonse Daudet. Trans- lated by Levin Carnac. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. with the blind forces of religious dogmatism, and THE DIRASTER. By Paul and Victor Margueritte. Trans- the outcome left the hero morally triumphant lated by Frederic Lees. New York: D. Appleton & Co. although physically overthrown. In the present 1 1 1 1 1 : 1 2 1 1898.] 2 7 1 21 THE DIAL instance the antagonism is between a woman bred justified, for the heroine is nowise priggish in any in the atmosphere of rationalism, strong indeed in ordinary sense, but a very sweet girl, swayed by will, but without the intellectual equipment she so natural impulse, and womanly in the best meaning sorely needs, and the most rigid and exacting form of the term. of Catholic belief. The conflict proves too unequal “Señorita Montenar” should prove a popular for the heroine, and she finds refuge only in self- book just now. It is about Spaniards and war- destruction. That two strenuous natures, differing ships and fighting, and other subjects that engage radically in their religious views, cannot find even the mind of the excited public. The fact that it in the strongest love for one another the bond neces- relates to the Chilean war of independence does not sary for happiness seems to be Mrs. Ward's thesis ; make any real difference, for Chileans and Cubans and out of this fundamental intellectual incompati- are much the same thing, and American readers bility her tragedy springs. This difficulty has formed dearly love to take a whack at Spanish tyranny the basis of many a novel before “Helbeck of Ban- anywhere. It is, moreover, an admirable story of nisdale," and as usually presented we have fre- its sort, brim full of perilous adventure, and placed quently had occasion to describe the resulting es- amid scenes sufficiently novel to give it an added trangement as morbid if not absolutely immoral. zest. The days of the great O'Higgins live for us We hesitate to use such terms to characterize the again in these pages, and the heart warms to the solution here offered, for, however untypical, we new world patriotism of his followers. We commend feel that Mrs. Ward has created for us two human Mr. Crouch's story to amateurs of romantic adven- beings whose conduct, under the given circumstances, ture. was nothing less than inevitable. “Love is enough". Mr. Robert Hichens, after essaying with doubt- is a formula that will not fit with Helbeck and ful success one or two forms of serious fiction, has Laura ; but we are constrained to say, while admit- again opened the vein of social satire which won ting the full importance of the religious tempera- him his reputation with “ The Green Carnation,” ment in sweetening life and strengthening character, and produced one of the most entertaining books that it is fortunate there are few fanatics of Hel- that we have read for many a day. “ The Lon- beck's sort, and few women with Laura's unbalanced doners” has all of the epigrammatic wit that made nature. Yet Helbeck commands our admiration, Mr. Hichens seem so preternaturally clever in his much as Dr. Ibsen's Brand demands it; and the fact first book, and it has, in addition, enough of a plot that the moral triumph remains with him rather to stimulate the interest, and keep the reader from than with her is a conspicuous illustration of the being merely dazed by the incessant heat-lightning fairness with which Mrs. Ward has handled a contro- of the author's satirical fancy. The treatment is so versial matter which clearly enlists her sympathies broadly farcical that the book cannot be called a upon the other side. As far as development of the novel in any serious sense, but it is rarely amusing action goes, many of her pages might be spared, for for all that, and makes the best of reading for an she has not been able to keep the philosophical es- idle summer day. sayist out of her book. But these superfluous pages “ The Story of a Play” is a pleasing addition to are so ripened in thought and so chastened in sym- the list of the charming trivialities to which Mr. pathy that from another point of view we would not Howells has chiefly devoted himself of late years. willingly miss them. That this novel overshadows It now seems a confirmed habit with him to select all but the very best of contemporary for treatment some closely circumscribed phase of without saying. experience, to make it the subject of the most search- “ The Making of a Prig” is a charming story ing and minute observation, and to develope its compounded of strictly familiar ingredients. A utmost possibilities. This intensive method of lit- young man is laid up by accident in a country town, erary cultivation is the method best calculated to and comes under the ministrations of a young girl, yield artistic results; and, if the recent work of Mr. too innocent to know that all the while she is read. Howells does sometimes suggest the carving of ing and talking with him she is also falling in love. cherry-stones, the carving is very neatly done. Few He, on the other hand, is interested and amused by subjects are more hackneyed than that of the bud. her fresh and emotional nature, and anticipates ding man of letters seeking to make his way in an nothing serious. Afterwards, she goes to London unappreciative world, and it requires some daring in search of employment, impelled not by necessity to bring it once more into service. In the present but by a quixotic impulse to do something for her. case, the aspirant for fame pins his fortunes to play- self, and has all the harrowing experiences of which writing, which gives the author an opportunity to we have so often read. There is also a country introduce the chief types of player-folk into his youth, affectionate and slangy, who loves her in a pages, and to illuminate their ways with many a dumb sort of way, but clearly has no chance after flash of gentle humor. By making the wife of the the brilliant stranger has appeared upon the scene. hero collaborate in the work of writing the play, The latter discovers, in the end, that the feeling of Mr. Howells is enabled to add to his collection an- camaraderie has given place to something deeper, other of those examples of femininity that usually and the story closes happily, after the proper series prove so exasperating to the sex that they assume of prettily pathetic passages. The title is hardly The title is hardly I to represent. It is all very well by way of semi- & fiction goes 22 [July 1, THE DIAL satirical pastime, but women are sometimes rational overture is not abated when the preposterous nature beings, the score or more of Mr. Howells's novels to of the plot begins to be unfolded. There are a few the contrary notwithstanding. pages of brilliant writing in the book, but they do A book by Colonel Richard Malcolm Johnston is not make up for its general shapelessness. always welcome, even if it be, as in the case of “At the the Sign of the Silver Crescent," by Mrs. “ Pearce Amerson's Will,” only the republication | Helen Choate Prince, is the third novel by this of a novelette that has already done duty in the attractive and thoughtful writer. Like its two pre- pages of a monthly magazine. While not equal to decessors, it deals with the subject that Mrs. Prince the author's strongest work -“Widow Guthrie," - seems to have made her own French life as it for example,— the present story is charmingly writ- exists in the provinces rather than in the capital. ten, of geniality all compact, and an admirable pic-While the characterization is superficial, and the ture of manners in Georgia half a century ago. In criticism of life somewhat narrowed, rather by the this field Colonel Johnston is without a rival; there obvious limitations of the writer than by the exigen- is no other writer living who has his freshness of cies of her theme, there is a well-managed plot, and recollection combined with his instinct for the effec- the interest is maintained at a moderate tension tive form of literary expression, and his books are throughout the work. The book is pleasing rather at the same time acceptable works of fiction and than strong, better fitted for entertainment than for important historical documents. illumination. We have often wondered why, in the present “Soutien de Famille," the novel completed for revival of historical romance, the age of the Italian publication by Alphonse Daudet not long before despots should not have been made to furnish forth his death, is now published in an English transla- a greater proportion of our current literature. tion, and bears for a title “ The Head of the Fam- The Elizabethan dramatists well knew the value of | ily.” The translation is by Mr. Levin Carnac, and this material, but the Victorian novelists have made is far from being a good one. The charm of the slight use of it. To be sure, we had the other day author's style has almost wholly evaporated during a romance dealing with the conspiracy of Fieschi the process, and there are even occasional lapses and the despotism of the Doria, and Mr. Clinton from ordinary correct English. The novel, which Scollard now gives us a romance of Gian Galeazzo is here prefaced by Professor Cohn's sketch of and the conquest of Milan, but there is room for Daudet which first appeared in "The Bookman," many more workers in this attractive field. Mr. will make no perceptible addition to the author's rep- Scollard's book is neither good nor bad. It follows utation. Being by Daudet, it is, of course, an admir- a familiar plan, is correctly elaborated in accord- able piece of work, but it does not retain the fresh- ance with the literary tradition which it affects, dis- ness of the earlier masterpieces, nor is it really plays some knowledge of the period concerned, and worthy of Daudet from the standpoints of construc- is written in a careful and fluent style. tion and characterization. The hero is a worthless Few historical figures so lend themselves to the fellow, consumed by vanity, and falling without purposes of romance as does that of Henry of effort to resist into a vicious life. It is only ironically Navarre, and we are not surprised to find still an- that he is “soutien de famille," and the real burden other novelist attracted by that theme. In “ The of sustaining his widowed mother is left to the so- King's Henchman,” Mr. William Henry Johnson cially unattractive younger son, who bravely accepts tells a tale of the conventional pattern, neither better the responsibility, and is too stupid to understand nor worse than fifty others that have recently been the despicable character of his brilliant elder brother. told, dealing with subtle intrigues and fierce battles, The final act of the hero, who enlists because nothing the woes of a persecuted damsel and the bravery of else is left him to do, is a mere piece of sentimental her chosen champion. For once, however, the hero bravado, and does nothing to rehabilitate his char- does not get his reward, and is left disconsolate in acter in the mind of any intelligent reader, although the end fact which will hardly recommend the we rather suspect that the author intended the act romance to the sort of audience for which all such to have some such effect. The delicious inconse- romances are written. quence of the hero's closing injunction, to the effect We find it difficult to rediscover in “ The Con. that his son be not allowed to study Latin, is but tinental Dragoon" the author of "An Enemy to one instance out of many which go to show how the King." In that spirited piece of fiction we had much of its old-time cunning was lost by the hand swift dramatic action and a reasonable degree of of the author during the years of suffering that romantic probability. In the new novel, on the brought his life to its term. other hand, we have a situation so improbable that “ The Disaster,” by MM. Paul and Victor Mar- even the most hardened reader of this sort of book gueritte, is an act of piety rather than a work of art, remains in a constant state of revolt, while the nar- a day-by-day chronicle of the war between France rative is so clogged in its action by the historical and Prussia rather than a piece of historical fiction. material introduced that the reader loses patience It has even less of artistic quality than M. Zola's completely. It takes some fifty pages of undigested “ La Débâcle,” and that work is defective enough ſ Colonial history to get the story fairly started, and in construction. But “ The Disaster" is so sincere the feeling of exasperation caused by this unhappy a book, and succeeds in so enforcing both the hor- a > a a a 1898.] 23 THE DIAL rors of war in the abstract and the lesson of the magne, is used, in spite of the teaching of the late degradation wrought in France by twenty years of Professor Freeman, who first protested against this a corrupt Empire, that it becomes impressive by form of the name. The author's reason for some- sheer accumulation of detail and weight of moral times Gallicizing the title of the great Teutonic hero earnestness. It deals chiefly, as the translator tells is that the name commonly used “ by its union of us in his well-written introduction, with the opera- the Teutonic Karl with the Latin Magnus not tions of the army of the Rhine, “the long agony of inaptly symbolizes the blending of the German and the finest troops in the French army, day after day Roman elements in the Frankish Empire." duped until the fatal hour of the capitulation of Metz by Bazaine." It is, moreover, the story of the Only the trite remark that “it reads A French volunteer like a romance conflict from the officer's point of view, the story of in two Revolutions. can properly de- gradual disillusionment, of growing despair, and of scribe the autobiography of the Chev- the birth of a new resolve in the younger genera- alier de Pontgibaud, a French volunteer of the tion, the resolve to create a new and better France American War of Independence (Appleton). After out of the wreck of the old. numerous adventures, including an escape from WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. prison in his native France, the author arrived a penniless adventurer in America and became a pro- tege of the chivalric Marquis de la Fayette at “Valley Forges.” He followed the fortunes of the Revolutionary War, was present when André was BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. captured, and finally saw Rochambeau wave the prof- In a monograph on Charles the Great fered sword of Cornwallis toward General Washing- The Great Charles in the “ Foreign Statesmen” series of French history. ton. He returned to France in time to be driven (Macmillan), Mr. Thomas Hodgkin out in the French Revolution, and came back to well sustains his reputation as an accurate and en- America to join the colony of émigrés who embraced, tertaining writer of history. His excellent choice of in their new stations, farmers, merchants, market language, together with a comprehensive historical women, and an elephant exhibitor. The changed knowledge which enables him to impress his facts fortunes of the royalists after the fall of Napoleon by means of historical comparisons and contrasts, restored the Chevalier to a quiet life in France, and makes the book delightful and profitable reading. gave opportunity of writing his reminiscences. The These historical parallels, which the author finds so easy style in which these are composed gives pleasant readily, serve not only to heighten the interest but little glimpses of those personalities which are com- to fortify the memory and stimulate the ambition monly cloaked by the glamor of heroes. for further reading. For example, commenting time, being with Lafayette in a vessel off the coast upon the similarity of the policy of Clovis with that of New Foundland and threatened with death in a of Napoleon, Mr. Hodgkin says: « Both men em- violent storm, he relates that the young Marquis, phatically fought for their own hands '; both were who was very seasick in addition to his other woes, more intent on massing great countries under their began to pbilosopbize “on the emptiness of glory sway than on really assimilating the possessions and fame. • Diable! I have done well, certainly. which they had already acquired; both in different At my time of life – barely twenty years ways made, or tried to make, the Catholic Church with my name, rank, and fortune, and after having an instrument of their ambition; and both seemed married Mlle. de Noailles, to leave everything and to have looked upon Europe, or so much of it as they serve as a breakfast for codfish!'" But a kind fate could acquire, as a big estate to be divided among restored him to the arms of the surprised Madame their children or relations." What could more de la Fayette, who was brought by Queen Marie clearly picture the personal, non-national character Antoinette in her carriage to meet him. of the policy of Clovis, or more certainly impress the memory? While the life and government of Col. Higginson's Of the principal movements in life Charles the Great are described with simplicity and “ Cheerful and letters in the last three-quarters Yesterdays." accuracy, the most valuable chapters in the book are of this century, perhaps no man now devoted to the later Merovingians, and to the Mayors | living can say more truthfully than Mr. Thomas of the Palace. The position in the government held Wentworth Higginson, "All of which I saw, and by these mayors, whether in Neustria or Austrasia, part of which I was. Moreover, few are masters their powers, their limitations, and the conditions of such a happy art in narration; consequently, Mr. which led to a decrease of their control in the one Higginson's “ Cheerful Yesterdays” (Houghton) state and an increase in the other, are matters which would be hard to surpass as a book of reminiscences. few historians have been able to state clearly. Mr. Without falling into undue discursiveness on per- Hodgkin, briefly, but with ample reference to and sonal matters, the author contrives to throw that quotations from early authorities, has made plain light upon his period and locality which it is the much that has heretofore been only indefinitely special merit of books of this class to bestow. Life stated. Although the title of the book is Charles at Harvard College, when Commencement Day was the Great, the more familiar compound, Charle- such an event that Boston banks were closed and At one of age,- 24 [July 1, THE DIAL for the hour. a Boston gentlemen repaired to Cambridge to keep apt to be taken with too much gravity; and that the open house while the ceremonies lasted ; American college-girl is conscious of her type, but will cease literature coming to its birth through the cohesion to be when her grandmother is known as a bachelor of those six leaders whom we still count as our of arts. There are also some sensible things in the greatest, yet who were so unlike in many ways that little book which are not of the nature of accusations. we were spared any clique or a literary yoke of any Such is the contention that “no club can do more kind; the unquiet epoch of the “ Transcendental- than receive the result of individual scholarship and ists,”- these and other things are portrayed with a culture, or offer more than mere stimulation "; and picturesqueness all the author's own, and in a way such, too, is the statement that, in any field of work, to emphasize the great changes of our time. But an emphasis on the fact that women are new-comers our author has been no less closely in touch with must tend to the lowering of wages. The preface affairs than with literature. The born reformer is gives fair warning that the author will speak on but shown in his eager part in the fugitive slave epoch, one side of the subject, and it is probably for this in the Kansas struggles, in the John Brown episode, reason that nothing is said of the club-member who in the Civil War as colonel of the first colored regi- takes her club easily, or of the college-girl who is so ment, in every recent progressive movement in the fearful of being considered “serious” that she goes halls of legislation in his own State. Naturally, one to unnecessary lengths of flippancy. The attitude who has seen the accomplishment of so many good of the book is quite clearly indicated by the an- things is optimistic in regard to the future; and the nouncement that it is “ for men, women, and the full text of the Wordsworth lines which furnish the Unquiet Sex.” By some strange lapse into serious- title are entirely applicable : ness, it has marginal notes. “A man he seems of cheerful yesterdays, And confident to-morrows." One does not read far in Mr. Lau- Sketches of rence Hutton's " A Boy I Knew, and boyhood life. It would hardly be fair to the authors Four Dogs" (Harper) before discov- Songs and ballads of “Under the Stars, and Other Songs ering that the “Boy” in evidence was none other of the Sea" (Way & Williams) to than the author himself. The sketches originally delay mention of their little book until it shall be appeared in “St. Nicholas," and may be read with convenient to survey the poetical product of three pleasure by old and young Mr. Hutton seems to months or more in our usual way. These verses have been in the main a boy of the usual type, what are intended for immediate consumption, being songs is approvingly called a "regular boy," and to have and ballads of the American navy, written to meet had the “regalar boy's "stock experiences, such, a pressing need for war poetry; and Messrs. Wallace for instance, as falling in love with a girl much older Rice and Barrett Eastman, who have thus oblig- than himself. Mr. Hutton's flame was called Phoebe ingly assumed upon short notice the difficult role of Hawkins — he remembers putting himself on record American Campbells, have every right to expect a at the time as “ loving his love with an F, because responsive welcome for their efforts. The two col- she was Feeby.” Mr. Hutton's retrospect is tinged laborators in this production have written eight with a quaint humor that savors a little of Mark poems apiece, most of them bearing the marks of Twain, yet there is a manifest note of tender senti- haste, yet spirited, breezy, and not unsatisfying ment throughout. A number of family portraits, withal. The First American Sailors," by Mr. Rice, evidently from old daguerreotypes and photographs, “ , is a really fine ballad, and is likely to be remem- form a novel feature of the little volume. bered. We also like Mr. Barrett's “ Brothers of One Blood,” both for its form and its sentiment. The good graphic quality and rugged Inside views of These seem to us the best of the poems, although realism of Mr. Herbert Elliott Ham- railroad life. there are several others that we have read with a blen's “On Many Seas” are again considerable degree of pleasure. manifest in his capital pieture of the career of a “ railroad man entitled “The General Manager's The suppression The suppression of seriousness among Story" (Macmillan). While the story is cast in of seriousness women-particularly among college- the form of fiction, the experiences are, we should women and club-women - is the judge, real, and the writer's own, though this motive of a little volume by Mrs. Helen Watterson assumption involves the inference that he has been Moody, entitled “The Unquiet Sex" (Scribner). The a “railroad man as well as sailor. At any rate, author adopts, perhaps as suitable to this purpose, the book is a most realistic one, showing an intimate a popular manner of airiness and inconsequence; knowledge of the life and the characters it portrays. she makes, here and there, a radical mistake, A number of spirited illustrations materially enliven as in asserting that the typical woman-collegian the text. “goes in for reforms"; and club-women may claim, Some of the late George Du Maurier's Du Maurier with a show of reason, that her view of their clubs a and some of his entertaining chats about his art and is not a broad view. Nevertheless, she speaks some fellow craftsmen. some of his older fellow craftsmen, certain truths,- for example, that the modern wo- notably Leech and Keene, are collected in a dainty man is still “on nervous tiptoe '; that club-work is volume of a hundred or so pages entitled “Social " among women. . - a 1898.] 25 THE DIAL > > 6 Pictorial Satire” (Harper). A liberal number of readers are now familiar, and we think the change will specimen drawings are given, in which Keene's meet with general approval. The subscription price artistic superiority to his popular predecessor on will also be reduced to two dollars a year. · Punch" is clearly apparent. Leech's drawings A new edition, in twenty volumes, of Messrs. J. M. are mostly slight things, but the fun conveyed is Dent & Co.'s well-known “ Saintsbury Balzac” is an- always kindly and wholesome, if sometimes rather nounced by the Croscup & Sterling Co. of New York. mild — even for “ Punch.” There are three por- Mr. David Williamson, editor of the Windsor Maga- traits in the volume. zine of London, has prepared a non-political life of Gladstone, and the work will be issued at once by Mr. M. F. Mansfield. “ The Athenian Secretaries,” by Mr. William Scott BRIEFER MENTION. Ferguson, is the latest monograph in the series of “Cor- nell Studies in Classical Philology,” published for the Dr. and Mrs. Frankland's memoir of Pasteur (Mac- University by the Macmillan Co. millan) is a model of biography. Clear, concise, and Messrs. P. Blakiston's Son & Co. announce for imme- complete, it photographs the man without using the art diate publication an important medical monograph en- of the retoucher, and tells the story of his achievements. titled “Hay Fever, its Successful Treatment,” by Dr. As recorded on his mausoleum in the Institut Pasteur W. C. Hollopeter of Philadelphia. in Paris, these were investigations of molecular dissym- Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co. publish “The Essentials metry, 1848; fermentations, 1857; generations called of Argumentation,” by Mr. Elias J. MacEwan, a well- spontaneous, 1862; maladies of wine and beer, 1863-71; planned and practical text-book, the outgrowth of much diseases of the silk worm, 1865; infectious plagues and experience in the teaching of English. immunity against them, 1877-80; protection against “ Ivanhoe,” in two volumes of the “ Temple” Scott, hydrophobia, 1885. Any one of these should have insured his fame. is imported by Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons. From Mr. Paul Leicester Ford has many titles to the grati- the same importers we have Volume VI. of Carlyle's “ Frederick the Great," in the new“ Centenary” edition. tude of students interested in American history, and There are two new volumes in the series of “ Stories none more clear than that which is due him for his edi- tion of “The Federalist,” just published by Messrs. by Foreign Authors ” (Scribner). One of them con- tains four translations from the German, the other five Henry Holt & Co. in a volume of eight hundred pages. translations from the Spanish. The frontispiece por- Mr. Ford has gone very thoroughly into the questions of traits are Auerbach and Alarcon, disputed authorship, and provided a great variety of apparatus including an extensive and searching index. The American Chess Magazine, published by Mr. The work is admirably done in all important respects, William Borsodi, New York, has just completed its first and should be upon the desk of every teacher of Amer- volume, and already ranks with the best publications of ican constitutional history. its class. The volumes will be semi-annual hereafter, “ Allen & Greenough's Cæsar” is sadly familiar to beginning with July and January. The American Book Co. send us a “Revised Text- many generations of inappreciative schoolboys, and they, at least, will hardly give a cordial welcome the new Book of Geology,” by the late Professor Dana, edited edition of the work, now published by Messrs. Ginn & by Dr. William North Rice, and “An Elementary Course Co. “To satisfy the ever-increasing demands of mod- in the Integral Calculus,” by Dr. Daniel A. Murray, ern secondary education " has been the aim of the editors, published in the “Cornell Mathematical Series.” who are three in number, Messrs. B. L. D’Ooge and A new addition to the many recent books on naval M. Grant Daniell having aided Professor Greenough in subjects is “ The Nation's Navy,” by Mr. Charles Morris, bringing the text and the apparatus up to date. The to be issued shortly by the J. B. Lippincott Co. A new volume, although devoted to "The Gallic War" alone, edition of Michael Scott's famous sea-story, “Tom now extends to over six hundred pages, and is very Cringle's Log,” is also announced by the same firm. thoroughly illustrated. Messrs. Luzac & Co., London, send us the bound vol. ume for 1897 of their monthly “Oriental List.” It makes a convenient reference catalogue of the year's publications in the Oriental field, and its value is at LITERARY NOTES. least doubled by the addition of an index. In the list of « Books for the Hour,” printed in the A useful “Comparative Chart of Prominent English last issue of THE DIAL, the reference under Amicis' Authors," compiled by Mr. J. B. Horner, is published “ Spain ” was to an unauthorized edition, whereas it by the Macmillan Co. should have been to the well-known authorized editions Messrs. Eaton & Mains publish a book of “Easy (Library, $2.00, "Guadalquiver,” illustrated, $15.00) (“ Lessons in Vocal Culture and Vocal Expression," by issued by Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons. Mr. S. S. Hamill, of Chicago. The New York “Critic" is about to become a monthly Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons have just sent out magazine, thus leaving the field of weekly journalism « Vittoria ” and “ Sandra Belloni” in their new edition and entering upon that cultivated by “ The Bookman.” of the novels of Mr. George Meredith. The first issue in the new form will be a double number The “Guide-Book to Alaska," published for several for July and August, and will appear July 25. The years past by Messrs. D. Appleton & Co., appears in a price of subscription will be two dollars. new edition with an added chapter on the Klondike. The monumental “ History of the Jews," upon which The New York - Independent" announces an early the late Heinrich Graetz was for so many years engaged, change of form. The page of the monthly magazines is now brought to completion (as far as the American will be substituted for the unwieldy page with which its edition is concerned) by the appearance of a sixth or > n 26 [July 1, THE DIAL BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING. A SELECT LIST OF SOME RECENT PUBLICATIONS. [Fuller descriptions of the following books may be found in the advertising pages of this number or of recent numbers of THE DIAL.] » " 6 index ” volume. Such an index as this is a blessed thing to have, and doubles the value of the five preceding volumes. A memoir of the author, some tables of Jew- ish history, and a number of maps, complete the con- tents of the present volume. It is issued by the Jewish Publication Society of America. “ How to Name the Birds” (Scribner), by Mr. H. E. Parkhurst, is “a pocket guide to all the land birds and to the principal water fowl normally found in the New England States, New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, for the use of field ornithologists.” It is a small volume, in flexible leather binding, without illustrations. Volume LV. of "The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine " includes the six months ending last April, and contains the usual thousand pages, more or less, of excellent reading. The articles about Andrée and the Klondike are still timely enough, while Mr. Cole's en- gravings are probably the feature of the greatest per- manent value. The "Introduction to the Study of English Fiction" (Heath), which Professor W. E. Simonds published two or three years ago, was a very small book, but it has been condensed still further, and now reappears in a “ briefer edition,” which enables us again to commend it to teachers and students of English as a helpful adjunct to their work. The second summer assembly of the Jewish Chautau- qua Society will fill the fortnight from July 10 to July 24, and the place of meeting will be Atlantic City, N. J. An attractive programme has been published in pam- phlet form, and may be obtained, with other desired information, from the headquarters of the Society, P. O. Box 825, Philadelphia. “The Spaniard in History" (Funk), by Mr. James C. Fernald, is a small book, setting forth the traditional English view of Spanish history, and having much to say about Spanish atrocities committed in past centuries. It is a book intended for popular consumption, and the bias of the author is almost as evident as if he were writing for a yellow newspaper. The students in the English department of the Uni- versity of Kansas gave an outdoor performance of “As You Like It” early last month. The entertainment proved so successful that it had to be repeated for the benefit of the general public. Elizabethan costumes and stage arrangements were brought into use as far as pos- sible under the conditions, and a programme of old English songs given in University Hall provided an acceptable side-show. The following account of the present condition of Herr Nietzsche was recently given by the sister of the philosopher to the Berlin correspondent of the London Daily News”: “In the doctor's opinion recovery is an utter impossibility. . . . He sleeps well, takes a friendly interest in everything going on around him, and listens attentively when I read to him. He espe- cially likes to hear French, but I do not think he can follow me. Besides, I dare only read a short time, so as not to tire him. He by no means makes the impres- sion of an insane man. His eyes are beautiful and clear. He has retained much of his old dignity and elegance, but he speaks little, and the paralysis shows itself in his heavy and unsteady gate and movements. He is per- fectly ignorant of the awful fate that has befallen him, and this fact I feel to be a great comfort. He cannot bear tears, and bas often said to me reproachfully, 'Why are you weeping, my sister? We are happy, are we not ?'" FICTION. Helbeck of Bannisdale. By Mrs. Humphry Ward. Macmillan Co. $2. Rupert of Hentzau. By Anthony Hope. Henry Holt & Co. $1.50. The King's Jackal. By Richard Harding Davis. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25. The Head of the Family. By Alphonse Daudet; trans. by Levin Carpac, G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50. The Girl at Cobhurst. By Frank R. Stockton. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50. The Story of a Play. By W. D. Howells. Harper & Brothers. $1.50. Shrewsbury. By Stanley J. Weyman. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.50. The War of the Worlds. By H. G. Wells. Harper & Brothers. $1.50. Soldiers of Fortune. By Richard Harding Davis. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50. Evelyn Innes. By George Moore. D. Appleton & Co. $1,50. The Forest Lovers. By Maurice Hewlett. Macmillan Co. $1.50. The Vintage. By E. F. Benson. Harper & Brothers. $1.50. The Gospel of Freedom. By Robert Herrick. Macmillan Co. $1.50. The Romance of Zion Chapel. By Richard Le Gallienne. John Lane. $1.50. American Wives and English Husbands. By Gertrude Ather- ton. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1,50. The Continental Dragoon. By Robert Neilson Stephens. L. C. Page & Co. $1.50. Kronstadt. By Max Pemberton. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50. Silence, and Other Stories. By Mary E. Wilkins. Harper & Brothers. $1.25. The Terror. By Félix Gras ; trans. by Catharine A. Janvier. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50. The Celebrity. By Winston Churchill. Macmillan Co. $1.50. Folks from Dixie. By Paul Laurence Dunbar. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25. Dreamers of the Ghetto. By I. Zangwill. Harper & Brothers. $1.50. The Pride of Jennico. By Agnes and Egerton Castle. Mac- millan Co. $1.50. The Waters of Caney Fork. By Opie Read. Rand, McNally & Co. $1. The Red-Bridge Neighborhood. By Maria Louise Pool. Harper & Brothers. $1.50. 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Little, Brown, & Co. $2. 1898.] 27 THE DIAL Familiar Life in Field and Forest. By F. Schuyler Mathews. D. Appleton & Co. $1.75. Handbook of Birds of Eastern North America. By Frank M. Chapman. D. Appleton & Co. $3. Insect Life. By John Henry Comstock. D. Appleton & Co. $2.50. Birds of Village and Field. By Florence A. Merriam. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $2. Bird Life. By Frank M. Chapman. D. Appleton & Co. $1.75. The Art of Taxidermy. By John Rowley. D. Appleton & Co. $2, How to Name the Birds. By H. E. Parkhurst. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1. Penelope's Progress. By Kate Douglas Wiggin. Houghton, Miffin & Co. $1.25. The Crook of the Bough. By Ménie Muriel Dowie. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25. Bobbie McDuff. By Clinton Ross. L. C. Page Co. $1. The Duenna of a Genius. By M. E. Francis. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50. Pastime Stories. By Thomas Nelson Page. Charles Scrib- ner's Sons. $1.25. Madam of the Ivies. By Elizabeth Phipps Train, J. B. Lip- pincott Co. $1.25. In Kings' Houses. 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THE CUPRIGRAPH CO., Offices in Every City in the World. No. 129 North Green Street, CHICAGO, ILL. STAINED AND LEADED GLASS. INTERIOR DECORATION OF ALL KINDS. OF HARTFORD, CONN. WALL PAPERS JAMES G. BATTERSON, President. A selection of Popular and Artistic Styles from the leading manufacturers of Europe and America, from TEN CENTS to ISSUES ACCIDENT POLICIES, TEN DOLLARS per roll. Covering Accidents of Travel, Sport, or Business, McCULLY & MILES CO., 178 Wabash Ave., Chicago. at home and abroad. GARRETT NEWKIRK, M.D., ISSUES LIFE E ENDOWMENT POLICIES, DENTIST, All Forms, Low Rates, and Non-Forfeitable. 31 Washington Street, ASSETS, $22,868,994. LIABILITIES, $19,146,359. SURPLUS, $3,722,635. DIXON & FLETCHER, Returned to Policy Holders since 1864, $34,360,626. Patent Attorneys, GEORGE ELLIS, Secretary. JOHN E. MORRIS, Ass't Secretary. Suite 1541-42 Monadnock Block, CHICAGO. N.E.A. THE BIG FOUR ROUTE TO Are not only beautiful, durable, and sanitary, but the WASHINGTON, D. C., plainer styles are inexpensive, costing about the same as VIA carpet. No expenditure about the home brings a larger SOLD ONLY BY THE TRAVELERS CHICAGO. T. 8. E. DIXON. D. H. FLETCHER. Parquet Floors return in comfort, convenience, and cleanliness than that Chesapeake Chesapeake & Ohio R’y & incurred in the purchase of these floors. CATALOGUE FREE. CHICAGO FLOOR CO., 132 Wabash Avenue, CHICAGO. Tel. M. 3390. More River and Mountain Scenery, MORE BATTLEFIELDS, than any other line. For maps, rates, etc., address H. W. SPARKS, T. P. A. U. L. TRUITT, W. P. A. J. C. TUCKER, G. N. A., No. 234 Clark Street, CHICAGO. . 1898.] 31 THE DIAL Chicago & North-Western Ry. ST. JOE AND BENTON HARBOR | THE THE COLORADO SPECIAL. ROUTE. ONE NIGHT TO DENVER. GRAHAM & MORTON TRANSPORTATION CO. THE NORTH-WESTERN Operating the Superb Side-wheel Steamers, CITY OF CHICAGO and LIMITED. CITY OF MILWAUKEE, and the New and Popular Propellers, ELECTRIC LIGHTED. CITY OF LOUISVILLE and J. C. FORD. Between Chicago, St. Joseph and Benton Harbor, Mich., and Milwaukee, Wis. THE OVERLAND LIMITED. ONE DOLLAR (DAILY) EXCURSIONS. Leaving dock, foot of Wabash Ave., Chicago, every morning at 9:30 CALIFORNIA IN THREE DAYS. and 12:30 noon, Sunday excepted; the 9:30 run arrive resorts at 1:30, the 12:30 run arrive at 4:30 p. m., leave resorts at 5:00 p. m. arrive Chicago on return at 9:00 p. m. daily. Regular steamer also leaves at 11:30 p. m. daily and at 2:00 p. m. TWENTIETH CENTURY Saturdays only. By this route the tourist reaches direct the heart of the Michigan Fruit Belt and also the most charming summer resort region adjacent TRAINS. to Chicago. Try the recently discovered Excelsior Mineral Water and Baths. Elegant new bath house at Benton Harbor. CHICAGO OFFICE: 48 River St., foot of Wabash Ave. J. H. GRAHAM, President, Benton Harbor, Mich. Lake Excursions-Season 1898. THE PIONEER LINE TAKE THE WHALEBACK S. S. West and Northwest of Chicago. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS. The Largest, Fastest Excursion Steamer in the World. H. R. McCULLOUGH, W. B. KNISKERN, TO AND FROM CHICAGO. 3d V.-P. & G. T. M. G. P. & T. A. LEAVES CHICAGO week days 9:30 A, M. Leaves Chicago Sundays Extra trip Saturday In Going to St. Paul and Minneapolis LEAVES MILWAUKEE week days Leaves Milwaukee Sundays The wise traveller selects the Chicago, Milwaukee 5:00 P. M. Leaves Milwaukee Sunday . 3:00 A. M. & St. Paul Railway. Why? FARE FROM CHICAGO. It is the best road between Chicago and the Twin Round trip, returning same day $1.00 Cities. Round trip, unlimited It has the most perfect track. 1.00 Saturday night trip, unlimited Its equipment is the finest. Its sleeping cars are palaces. FARE FROM MILWAUKEE. Its dining car service is equal to the best hotels. One way: $1.00 Its electric-lighted trains are steam-heated. Round trip, unlimited 1.50 Its general excellence has no equal. Bicycles Free. Music, Café. Children 6 to 12 Half Fare. It is patronized by the best people. DOCKS CHICAGO Rush Street Bridge. It is the favorite route for ladies and children as DOCKS MILWAUKEE. Foot Detroit Street. well as for men. It is the most popular road west of Chicago. Special rates to societies. For other information, apply to For further Information, G. S. WHITSLAR, General Passenger Agent, Apply to the nearest ticket agent, or address F. A. Miller, Assistant General Passenger Agent, 189 La Salle Street, CHICAGO. 315 Marquette Building, Chicago, Ill. The Colorado Midland Railway The Right Route to Klondike. Is the best line to Colorado and the Whether you select the all-water route by way of St. Michaels, or the overland route via Dyea, Skagway, Klondike. Copper River, Taku, or Stikine, you must first reach a It has the best through car service in Pacific port of embarkation. the West. THE R10 GRANDE WESTERN RAILWAY, in connection Four trains daily each way. with the D. & R. G., or Colorado Midland Ry., is the short, direct, and popular route to San Francisco, Port- Reaches the greatest mining and fruit land, Tacoma, or Seattle. Through sleeping cars and country in the world. free reclining chair cars from Denver to San Francisco and Denver to Portland. Choice of three routes through the Rockies and the most magnificent scenery in the W. F. BAILEY, General Passenger Agent, world. Write to F. A. WADLEIGH, G. P. A., Salt Lake Denver, Colorado. City, for copy of Klondike folder. 10:00 A. M. 10:00 P. M. 4:00 P. M. . 1.50 . One way . 1.50 • 32 [July 1, 1898. THE DIAL CASSELL & COMPANY, Limited, LONDON PARIS MELBOURNE Respectfully Announce that they have Established a BRANCH HOUSE AT Nos. 7 and 9 West Eighteenth Street, New York City, And are prepared to Supply the American Market with their Publications. Among their New BOOKS AND NEW EDITIONS peculiarly adapted to the season are: THE BOOK OF THE SEASON.- London Daily News. WITH NATURE AND A CAMERA. (THIRD THOUSAND.) Being the Adventures and Observations of a Field Naturalist and an Animal Photographer. By RICHARD KEARTON, F.Z.S. Illustrated by a special Frontispiece and 180 pictures from photo- graphs taken direct from Nature by CHERRY KEARTON. Buckram gilt. Price, $5.00. “WITH NATURE AND A CAMERĂ surpasses the sensations of the most romantic of novels, and is lavishly embellished with photographic reproductions of exquisite softness and delicacy.”—The London Times. “No such collection of pictures of British bird-life has ever been produced, and the text is worthy of the pictures." -The London Standard. “The net result of all these adventures and displays of patience is a charming book, not only for the bright and breezy way in which it is written, but even more so for the unique pictures on almost every page. Though probably not one person in a thousand will care to emulate Mr. Kearton and his brother, everyone who loves Nature ought to buy, study, and enjoy their wonderful book."-The London Daily Telegraph. New Popular Edition. THE STORY OF THE SEA. IN A CONNING TOWER; An entirely new work. Edited by “Q." With new and original Illustrations by leading Artists. Complete in two OR, volumes. Popular Edition, $3.50 per set. How I Took H. M. S. “ Majestic” Into Action. By H. O. ARNOLD-FORSTER, M. P. Enlarged and Revised Edition. With Original Illustrations by W. H. OVEREND. PHOTOGRAPHY FOR AMATEURS. Price, 20 cents. By T.C. HEPWORTH. Illustrated. Paper, 40 cts.; cloth, 60 cts. THE MAGAZINE OF ART. Price, 35 cents, monthly; $3.50 per year. THE MAGAZINE OF Art continues to bold a unique place at the head of all serials devoted to Art in any country. It contains interesting and important papers by specialists upon a great variety of art topics. 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Price, 15 cents monthly; $1.50 per year. While mainly devoted to “Sunday Reading" THE CASSELL'S MAGAZINE has been enlarged to 112 pages. Quiver offers a chaste selection of miscellaneous A new serial story of exceptional interest by Josera Hock- articles, short stories, serials, poetry, music, etc., ING, July number, admirably adapted to occupy a leisure hour on any and in which will appear the first chapters of a series of exciting stories by E. W. HORNUNG, a complete story by BRET HARTE, every day of the week. The illustrations are both nu- and a special article on “The Battle of Waterloo" by Major merous and excellent. ARTHUR GRIFFITHS. LITTLE FOLKS. Price, 15 cents monthly; $1.50 per year. Each part contains 80 pages of letterpress, afford- ; ing bright reading for the little ones, and a Colored Frontispiece. It is well illustrated, many of the pages being printed in colors. Send for Catalogue, Now Ready. Sent postpaid to any address upon application. CASSELL & COMPANY, Limited, Nos. 7 AND 9 WEST EIGHTEENTH STREET, NEW YORK CITY. a THE DIAL PRESS, CHICAGO. THE DIAL A SEMI-MONTHLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. EDITED BY Volume XXV. FRANCIS F. BROWNE.) No. 290. CHICAGO, JULY 16, 1898. 10 chs. a copy. I 315 WABABH AVE. Opposite Auditorium. 82. a year. POPULAR BOOKS POPULAR PRICES Rand, McNally & Co's Summer Announcement Among the Newest Books offered to the public this season is the AMERICAN LIBRARY OF LARGE TWELVE-MOS, Comprising Fifty Titles by the Best Autbors. Printed from new plates, large type, on extra woven paper, and bound in special soft finisb clotb, assorted colors, with emblematical designs in silk and gold, with gold side and back titles. Gilt tops, brusbed edges. Extra large 12mos. List price, $1.50 per vol. NOTICE THE MANY ATTRACTIVE ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF TWENTIETH CENTURY TWELVE-MOS. THE STRICTLY UP-TO-DATE BOOKS. 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PEDIA, containing New Indexed Maps and data per- COMMERCIAL. taining to every country in the world, maps 11 x 14 and STATISTICAL. 14x21 inches. 320 pages. POLITICAL. Cloth. Price, . $3.00 | Half Russia. Price . $5.00 ILLUSTRATED ATLAS OF THE BIBLE, Containing colored Maps, Plans, Charts, Diagrams, and views pertaining to BIBLE HISTORY. By Rev. J. L. HURLBUT, D.D., with Introduction by Rev. J. H. VIN- CENT, D.D. Handsomely illuminated cloth binding, price $2.75. Send for complete Catalogue of miscellaneous publications. RAND, MCNALLY & COMPANY. CHICADO. NEW YORK. 34 [July 16, THE DIAL J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY'S NEW PUBLICATIONS. First Edition Exhausted Immediately. Second Edition Now Ready. THE NATION'S NAVY. Our Ships and Their Achievements. By Charles Morris. 12mo. Clotb, illustrated, $1.50. I UR ships of war are the one subject about which the people of this country are coming to speak and think by day and dream by night; in which they are the most deeply interested, and of which they are growing to be the most proud. Ten years ago we bowed our heads in same when our navy was spoken of. Today we have, for its size, perhaps the finest navy in the world. Ten years from to-day we shall likely have one of the largest, and be able to victoriously contest the sea with far mightier nations than Spain. In this volume is given an admirable presentation of the American navy, including its history, from the first shot of the Revolution to the sinking of the Maine ; a lucid description of the development of the modern types of war vessels, and a detailed account of all the ships that make up the navy of the United States. To those who wish to know of what a modern navy consists, what is meant by conning tower, turret, barbette, rapid-fire guns, torpedoes, mines, the resistance of armor and the penetration of projectiles, and all the multitudinous matters which have to do with modern naval science and engineering, this book may be heartily commended. In short, it is a museum of all that concerns the American navy, alike in its history, its ships, and its development. O - THE AMERICAN IN PARIS. POOR MAX. A Biographical Novel of the Franco-Prussian War. By lota, author of “ A Yellow Aster.” (In Lip- The Siege and Commune of Paris from an Amer- pincott's Series of Select Novels for June, 1898.) ican Standpoint. By Eugene Coleman Sav- 12mo. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 cents. idge, M.D. 12mo. Cloth, $1.00. New Edition. The author of “ A Yellow Aster" already has a wide Paper, 50 cents. public among readers of fiction on both sides of the sea. “Mr. Savidge takes up bis story in 1870, and carries Hence this second book from the same pen will be read it through to the end of the ruthless Commune,— a with the double interest of contrast with the earlier suc- story so thrilling, so interesting, that criticism forgets cess and of curiosity concerning its own plot and char- her part and allows us to wander on and on through the acters. These both sustain the reputation already sorrows of a living woman's life, until the inevitable acquired by Iota, and it will be surpriqing if many shock brings us to our senses. Public Ledger. readers do not give the palm to “ Poor Máx." With all the cleverness of its predecessor, it has a substantial FOR FREEDOM'S SAKE. quality of its own. By Arthur Paterson, author of “A Son of the A DESERT DRAMA. Plains," “ The Daughter of the Nez Percés,” etc. Being the Tragedy of the Korosko. By A. Conan (In Lippincott's Series of Select Novels for July, Doyle. 12 mo. Cloth, ornamental, with thirty- 1898.) 12mo. Cloth, $1.25. New Edition. two full-page illustrations, $1.50. Paper, 50 cents. “A. Conan Doyle has a splendid chance to use bis “ The intensely dramatic life of John Brown in Kansas descriptive powers, and splendid material to draw con- during the Free Soil Struggle of 1856 is the basis of trasts in nationalities and to compare civilization with Arthur Paterson's For Freedom's Sake.' The excite- barbarity. This he has done very successfully, and the ment of the times, well portrayed, carries the reader • Desert Drama' forms an interesting narrative. Be- breathlessly along the current of the story, while tbrough sides his splendid description of the desert, and his por- it all runs the stern, courageous morality of the great traiture of the cruel Dervishes and their fierce religious reformer that lends a noble thrill to the interest it zeal, the author has given each of his characters a dis- arouses and holds. Certainly this is one of the best tales tinctiveness which is worked out very cleverly.”— that bas reached us this fall.”—New England Magazine. | Philadelphia Evening Telegraph. " 6 For sale by all booksellers, or will be sent postpaid, on receipt of price, by J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, Publishers, Philadelphia. 1898.] 35 THE DIAL THE TRAVELERS . . . . . . . . O . . SALOME. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND. A TRAGEDY IN ONE ACT. TWENTY-THIRD YEAR.- Beginning October 1, 1898. By OSCAR WILDE. President : DANIEL C. GILMAN. Dean of the Medical School : WILLIAM H. WELCH. 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A dainty presentment in white and gold of The General the work of a new poet, notable for a rare An Episode. power of expression. Manager's Story. By WINSTON CHURCHILL. The Hope of Immortality. Old-Time Reminiscences of Rail- Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. Breezy, bright, well-written.”—The By the Rev. J. E. C. WELLDON, roading in the United States. Advertiser (Boston). Translator of Aristotle's Ethics, By HERBERT E. HAMBLEN, Politics, etc. Author of “On Many Seas." At You-All's House. Cloth, 12mo, 81.50. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. The substance of an argument put forward “He has repeated his former success in a A Missouri Nature Story. in the Hulsean Lectures for 1896 ; in part new line, with fresh power."- The Nation. By JAMES NEWTON BASKETT. scholarly, in part popular, a serious contribu- tion to theological thought upon one of the On Many Seas. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. greatest of subjects. "Fresh and vivid." - HENRY VAN The Life and Exploits of a Yankee DYKE, The Divine Immanence. Sailor. An Essay on the Spiritual Signifi. By FREDERICK BENTON Where the Trade WILLIAMS cance of Matter. (Herbert E. Hamblen). Wind Blows. By the Rev. J. R. ILLINGWORTH, Author of “Personality Human Edited by his Friend, By Mrs. and Divine." WILLIAM STONE BOOTH. SCHUYLER CROWNINSHIELD. Cloth, Crown 8vo, $1.50. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. Cloth, Crown 8vo, $1.50. “As an exposition and interpretation of the “This is a notable book; a realistic record. “An unusually striking book subjects of which it treats, it is unsurpassed by No more powerful delineation of the ter- any volume written in English during the pres- rors of the ocean was ever written than his strong and dramatic. - Evening siar ent decade."--Rev. AMORY H. BRADFORD, D.D. story of the two months' struggle of a little (Washington, D. C.). brig against gales off Cape Horn."- Nation. “ Undoubtedly Émile Zola's greatest achievement.”—THE TIMES (New York). The Trilogy of the Three Cities. By ÉMILE ZOLA. LOURDES. PARIS. ROME. Three Parts. Each, Two Vols., Cloth, Small 12mo. Price, $2.00 per part. “The Trilogy will stand as one of the great literary achievements of the nineteenth century.”— - The Buffalo Commercial. * It is impossible not to admire his wonderful descriptions, his powerful and often poetic narrative, and his remarkable literary talent."-Detroit Free Press. . 66 Stories of American Sailors and Soldiers. Yankee Ships and Yankee Sailors. Southern Soldier Stories. Each, Tales of 1812. By JAMES BARNES. By GEORGE CARY EGGLESTON. Cloth, The book will leave only the best impressions, and is bound to instil patriotism and excite admiration for the 12mo, psychological — but they have what is better : accurate “They do not attempt the thrilling, the bizarre, or the country and the deeds of Americans. One cannot praise $1.50. knowledge, picturesque setting, human sympathy, and too highly such influential books.”—The Army and Navy here and there genuine humor.”—The Outlook. Register. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, No. 66 Fifth Avenue, New York. THE DIAL A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. PAGE • . . . - No. 290. JULY 16, 1898. Vol. XXV. pected popularity led its publishers at once into an attempt to make the magazine an organ of the CONTENTS. younger American writers, and a means of intro- ducing to the public new and curious developments ANNOUNCEMENT . 37 in foreign literatures. “The Chap-Book” was either praised as being up-to-date, or denounced as being LOCAL COLOR AND ETERNAL TRUTH. William Cranston Lawton . 37 “decadent,” and had considerable vogue. Publica- tions which were evidently imitations of it, both in LIEUTENANT PEARY IN NORTHERN GREEN- form and spirit, sprang up in many quarters, and its LAND. Selim H. Peabody 40 editors have collected something like one hundred THE MONROE DOCTRINE FROM AN ENGLISH and fifty of these curious ventures. STANDPOINT. F. H. Hodder 41 In October, 1894, the periodical was removed , "THE DRAMA AS LITERATURE.” Edward E. from Cambridge to Chicago, and since that date Hale, Jr.. 43 has been continuously issued from the latter city on THE PROBLEM OF THE ARYANS. Frederick the first and fifteenth of every month. May 1, Starr 45 1896, it was transferred by its original owners to the new publishing firm of Herbert S. Stone & Co. THE REACTION OF KNOWLEDGE ON FAITH. John Bascom 46 It has been edited from the start by Mr. Herbert S. Abbott's The New Puritanism. - Beaton's Selfhood Stone, with the assistance of Mr. Bliss Carman and Service. - Richards's The Mystery of Life. — at the beginning, and of Mr. Harrison Garfield Illingworth's Divine Immanence. - Bryant's Life, Death, and Immortality. – Watson's The Clerical Rhodes during the last four years. In January, Life. 1897, “The Chap-Book" was enlarged to quarto size, and introduced reviews of current literature as BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 47 An unscientific namber of a scientific series. - a prominent feature of its contents. This change Matthew Arnold and the spirit of the age. — Bio- brought with it a marked increase of dignity and graphical edition of Thackeray.-Symphonies and authority; it became more serious than it had been, their meaning. - Literary history of nations. - Dr. Garnett's Italian Literature.- Kruger and the South yet it did not cease to be entertaining. Editorially, African Republic. — Gladstone delineated by Mr. it was conducted with independence and vigor, and Bryce. — Gladstone depicted in his “talks." - Out- lines of the earth's history. occupied to a considerable extent a field which it had made its own. One hundred numbers were issued BRIEFER MENTION. altogether, sixty-four in the smaller and thirty-six in LITERARY NOTES 51 the larger form. When purchased by The DIAL, four numbers of the ninth volume had appeared. LIST OF NEW BOOKS 52 “The Chap-Book” has had a distinguished list of contributors, including most of the poets, novelists, and essayists, both of England and the United ANNOUNCEMENT. States, whose names are widely known to the read- By arrangement with Messrs. Herbert S. Stone ing public, and its pages have furnished forth the & Co., the owners of “ The Chap-Book,” the sub- contents of several volumes of stories and essays. scription list, the name, and the good-will of that We take much pleasure, upon this occasion of join- publication have been purchased by THE DIAL, ing its fortunes with our own, in paying this tribute which will fill out all subscriptions. The last issue to its sturdy and valuable services in behalf of good Chap-Book1. The literature. 1894 Cambridge, Mass., by Messrs. Stone & Kimball, important constituency, which it will of course seek both members of which firm were then undergrad- to make permanently its own. While features likely gates in Harvard College. It was in form a small to increase its interest and value may be added, this duodecimo pamphlet, issued semi-monthly, and was journal will in the main adhere to the well-defined at first meant to be little more than an attractive aims and principles which have governed it for kind of circular for advertising the books published nearly twenty years and have given it the favor and by the firm. But its instant and somewhat unex- support of the literary public of America. - 50 - . . . . . . . . magazine was first published on May 15 , 1802, in liby this accession Tae Diaz gaine a new and 38 [July 16, THE DIAL - - his Minnehaba, Evangeline and Gabriel, per- LOCAL COLOR AND ETERNAL TRUTH. haps also that kingly pair, Robert of Sicily and Literature is an artistic product, as truly as Olaf the Dane; certainly we could not spare sculpture or architecture. All the fine arts dear Elsie, who offers her young life so gladly have for their aim perfection of form, the crea- for her prince, in the Legenda Aurea. Yet tion of beauty, — but, to a Puritan at least, these favorites are almost wholly folk who never nothing seems permanently beautiful which could have breathed our air, or understood a fails to suggest heroic human endeavor. Ar word of our speech. tists must, indeed, take their material, and in What is so evidently true of this poet (still some degree their suggestions, from their indi- the dearest to the national heart) is quite as vidual and local environment. Yet of all crea- true of the masters in fiction everywhere. A tive work, the expression of thought in language great author never merely sketches such an is least limited by space or time. The Erech- individual man or woman as he — and we theum is a ruin, and can never leave its deso- have known. Every true stroke delineates more lated Acropolis ; the Vatican torso has outlived the universal than the particular. Is Andro- its proper setting-it stands lost and dethroned mache a Grecian like her minstrel, a Trojan — in a gallery of antiques ; but Homer remains like her husband, or the Cilician daughter of crowned and serene, as clear-voiced as ever, in Eëtion ? No one ever cared to ask. She is far higher honor, indeed, than the singer in his the type of sorrowing wifehood in the bitter lifetime can ever have dreamed of being. Still, hours of war and bereavement. As in Homer's all the creations of genius are imperisbably day, so in ours. Romola, Miriam, and even beautiful. Perhaps their greatest helpfulness Lorna, are neither living individuals nor racial to men lies precisely herein : that they lift us, types. They are merely typical woman-souls. , in imagination, quite out of all the cramping Each is an ideal of nineteenth-century woman- limitations besetting our daily routine - out hood; but we are made to see, too, how in her, of mere reality into the ideal world. as in us, all the past experience of humanity is Possibly no group of creative writers ever crystallized into expression, all serener future fitted more naturally and easily into their set- possibilities are foreshadowed. ting than the authors of Concord, Cambridge, The same test may be safely applied even to and Boston. Yet, while Emerson and his friends the prince of artists. Ophelia has no Danish will always be known as the New England poets, feature, Juliet is Italian only in her absolute their origin, their life, their influence is neither impulsive naturalness: it never occurred to us chiefly sectional nor even merely national. New that Rosalind is a French demoiselle ! Neither England did not create them, did not own them, has the great magician metamorphosed them cannot contain them. As truly as that earliest all into English girls, and assigned them to the singer- whose time is disputed, whose name is Elizabethan age- Elizabethan age-or to any other generation. denied, and to whose wide-wandering ghost an They abide in a fairer land than merry En- earthly abiding-place will doubtless never be gland or sunny France, in statelier homes than granted, --so these whom we fondly call our Veronese palace or royal castle of Denmark: own are in truth a treasure forevermore. for they dwell lovingly together in the noble Nor do we turn to them chiefly, or most con- realm of art and ideal beauty. That which is fidently, for a better knowledge of New England most precious, and most lasting, in a poem, a life. Sir Launfal is at least as precious to many tale, or even an essay, is least distinctively En- of us as 'Zekiel, or as Hosea himself ; Donatello glish, or American, or French. It is "Euripides and Miriam outshine the paler pair of our own the Human," Montaigne the human, Burns the folk standing beside them. Whittier himself human, whose influence lives and works long- has sung Stonewall Jackson's march through lasting as the world. Frederick, and even the relief of far-off Luck- The Scarlet Letter " has a vivid local set- now, more thrillingly — perhaps more truly – ting, and so has “ Heart of Mid-Lothian." than Floyd Ireson's ride. Neither is a masterpiece merely, or chiefly, It has sometimes been proposed, as a grace- because it is a more or less accurate study of ful tribute to our most popular authors, that Puritanism in New England, or of Scottish life. their statues should be set up in public parks, Hawthorne's genius (and perhaps Scott's also) surrounded by the ideal beings who are the is revealed, rather, in the treatment of that creatures of their genius. In Longfellow's most universal of problems, the vain attempt case this would surely include Hiawatha and to escape from the inherent penalty of sin. As 4 1 1 ] 2 9 1 1 > 1 1 1898.] 39 THE DIAL a Rembrandt throws the high light on human fresh rhyme brings us nowadays almost a shock faces, so does every great artist, whatever the of surprise. In this matter our mother-tongue, material in which he works. Tito is man with its excessive variety of endings, gives us tempted and fallen ; Savonarola, like Romola, rather step-motherly fare.) We sometimes seem is man rising heroic from temptation and from to ourselves almost like those late Romans who the bewilderment of self-delusion. Indeed, shaped their structures wholly out of blocks, Savonarola's right to appear in the book must ready carved, taken from the earlier buildings. be vindicated, if at all, by the part he plays in THE DIAL, especially, has long waged an the central plot of the romance. Whether the effective warfare, of argument and ridicule, real reformer of Florence was just such a man, against the notion that American literature in whether the background is archæologically general, and sectional Western literature in accurate : these are alike minor details, hardly particular, should cut loose from the English touching æsthetic criticism at all. traditions that make up the past, and grow The recent death of our most influential from roots deep-struck in a virginal native soil. - writer reminds us of the question once so It is in fact only very incompletely, if at all, fiercely debated, whether“Uncle Tom's Cabin” that literature in America can ever tear itself was a truthful picture of slavery days in Ken- free from the parent stock in what Hawthorne tucky and Louisiana. If it could be proved was fond of calling “Our Old Home." ” It is that no black family was ever separated, no precisely the vital English element in our lan- innocent negro ever flogged, since Jamestown guage and literature, in our political and social was founded, the swarthy hero of a baseless instincts, in our entire civilization indeed, that romance would remain as deathless as Homer's has enabled us in any hopeful degree to assimi- impossible son of the sea-nymph, with his late that chaotic mass of humanity which year magic armor and his talking horse! Both are by year has poured into the great gateway of truly drawn, since they act in response to the Manhattan. The last thing a far-sighted patriot most universal human motives. No other test can desire is a weakening of any ties which of artistic quality is essential. still bind us to the happiest of our many father- Yet we must once more reverse the shield of lands, the island stronghold truth. While the artist's thought is thus free "Where Freedom broadens slowly down and eternal, the form in which he clothes it is From precedent to precedent." largely shaped for him by usage and tradition, May even the exigencies of politics never again even before he himself is born. Phidias, the require an outburst of half-sincere jealousy, pupil of his Hellevic masters, working under or unreasoning rage, against our next of kin, the Attic sky, was not merely forced to use his “such as of late o'er pale Britannia past native Pentelic marble, instead of New Hamp. But at any rate, the sincere student of letters shire granite — or “staff”: it was equally im- must see clearly that we (I speak now for the possible-or inconceivable--for him, upon the “old New Englanders ") are twice-transplanted Acropolis, to rear a Florentine dome or a Anglo-Saxon folk, who, in the forms of our Gothic spire. speech, as chiefly in the forms of our life, have Even so, we who speak and write the En- been moulded by the long, slow centuries of glish tongue cannot escape — the wise do not English growth. even struggle against the masterful influence And yet, so far as the instinct of the artist of the myriad workers who through so many awakes in each man, the boundless universe is centuries have moulded and perfected Anglo-his. The environment in which he sets his Saxon speech. We, and those who form our . gem, or his cathedral, may be as homely and audience, have been from infancy the pupils of familiar as Maud Müller's farm: it may be the Chaucer (Professor Child would have bidden vaguest spot in “ desolate, windswept space.” me say, of Cædmon) and of Tennyson, and of One thing only is essential: the presence, or the all the goodly array between. Whatever is suggestion, of human beings, acting from mo- traditional in all our arts, except perhaps music, tives not wholly ignoble, as we ourselves might is chiefly and primarily English in form, though conceivably act, or wish that we had acted. it is largely Greek in spirit. Moreover, free as Even Homer, or Sappho, or Sophocles, can the writer is, he, especially, works in materials teach us, directly, little more than what Sidney which have already been shaped for him : even, said, and Longfellow only echoed : it may be, moulded over and over before him, “Look, then, into thy heart, and write!” by weak hands as well as strong. (A really WILLIAM CRANSTON LAWTON. > - 40 [July 16, THE DIAL a coast of Greenland. From the point so reached, The New Books. a small and determined band, with a like outfit, at a proper juncture might make a dash for LIEUTENANT PEARY IN NORTHERN the coveted acme of northern exploration. GREENLAND.* The reconnoisance of 1886 determined the possibility of using the ice-cap as a highway. In all, Lieutenant Peary has made five ex- The test was made by a journey eastward from cursions into the inhospitable regions near the Disco Bay. In about three weeks from start eightieth parallel of north latitude. The first, to return a trip was made to a point having an in 1886, was only a reconnoisance. The second altitude of about 7500 feet and well within the and third, in 1891-92 and 1893–95, were in central area of the ice-cap. a much larger sense preliminary, undertaken The most important of Lieutenant Peary's with the purpose of establishing a base of oper- journeys, though not that which consumed the ations whence it might be possible to launch most time, was that of 1891–2. With him an expedition to the northern pole. The fourth went his wife and five assistants. McCormick and fifth were simply summer trips made to Bay, near the northwestern angle of Greenland, secure certain notable meteoric masses discov- was reached on July 23, after a voyage much ered by him upon the Greenland coast. Previous to Lieutenant Peary's journeys, delayed by ice. The season was already too much advanced to permit the undertaking of the insular character of Greenland had been the great journey over the ice to the eastern guessed but not determined. It was known angle of Greenland, which was the chief object only as a triangular area more than seventeen hundred miles in length from north to south, worked loose in a storm and had broken the of the expedition. Besides, a vicious tiller had and about six hundred miles wide at the eight-chief's leg. During the enforced delay of an ieth parallel of latitude. Of this area, only arctic winter, much valuable work was done in about twenty-five miles in width of selvedge along the western and part of the eastern shore ethnological study and collection, which, how- ever, was but a side issue compared with the was known to explorers and whale fishers, bleak real purpose of the campaign. On the 3d in the few summer days, ice-bound through the long arctic winter, and peopled with only a few of May, after most careful preparation, the “Great White March " was begun. The outfit nomadic Eskimos. Everywhere this selvedge was soon reduced to fourteen dogs, the lading is interrupted by bays, inlets, and fiords, each headed by a glacier and each glacier launching ney extended nearly six hundred miles, to Navy of two sledges, and one companion. The jour- its annual quota of the feet of icebergs that become the dread of Atlantic sailors. Peary itude 81° 37'5" north, and longitude 34° 5' Cliff at the head of Independence Bay, in lat- reasoned that these icebergs were the outcrop- west. On June 5 the travellers had reached the ping of a broad glacial field or ice-cap covering summit of the divide, altitude 5700 feet. On the whole peninsula, rising gradually toward a central divide, and presenting a surface either July 4 the terminus was reached. The season was midsummer; flowers bloomed in abund- rigidly frozen or often freshly covered with ance, birds and insects were plentiful, while snow, which would be easily travelled upon a proper equipment of snow-shoes or ski. He readily secured all needful for themselves and -. musk-oxen were so many that the travellers farther conceived that an exploring party for their dogs. After a brief rest on the 7th, should consist of not more than two or three the return began. Eight dogs only remained, persons, hardy, sturdy, and determined, clothed and drew all the freight on a single sledge. In like the natives, supplied with the most con- one month the journey was finished, the average centrated foods, their impedimenta moved on marches being about twenty miles per diem. . sledges by dogs, which should be counted as So much of the mission was accomplished as the provision on the foot, to be consumed by their determination of the northern limit of Green- companions as the burden of freight diminished. land, and the discovery of a route which might Once upon this highway, traversed as freely as lead as an imperial highway towards the pole. the open sea, the explorer could easily reach latitude limited only by the unknown northern June 23, 1895, and reached Inglefield Gulf on Peary's third expedition left Philadelphia * NORTHWARD OVER THE GREAT ICE. A Narrative of Life the 3d of August. As soon as the opening and Work along the Shores and upon the Interior Ice-Cap of Northern Greenland in the Years 1886 and 1891-97. Now spring should permit, a party of eight was to York: Frederick A. Stokes Co. move over the ice to the northeast coast. Three a 1898.] 41 THE DIAL a > a of these were to attempt the journey to the pole ; carcass all the other forty had made a vicarious three were to go southward to Cape Bismarck passage. The narrative of this journey, simply on the eastern coast and return thence overland and modestly told, excites sympathy and ad- to the western base ; while two were to main-miration, but it recalls the remark of the French tain a station to which the northern party might marshall who witnessed the famous charge of return or retreat as the occasion should prove. the six hundred. “C'est magnifique, mais ce On March 6, 1894, the start was made. By n'est pas la guerre." April 10 so many mishaps had befallen, men It is not our purpose to analyse, much less to disabled and dogs dead, that it was evident the criticise, the plans for polar search by way of march must be abandoned for the season. The Whale Sound and Independence Bay. Others larger part of the surplus of supplies was cached more competent to judge have given them their at a point about one hundred and thirty miles approval. Lieutenant Peary has already en- from the lodge by the sea, whither the party tered upon a renewed attempt at this solution retreated. Other caches were made on the way. of the polar problem. His countrymen unite In October an expedition was made to recover in the hope that his undoubted nerve, pluck, these caches, repack them, and mark afresh and perseverance may be so guided and so for- their positions ; but they were not found. The tunate as to win for him a successful issue. storms and the drifted snows had obliterated SELIM H. PEABODY. every trace of them. The difficulties of marking and finding loca- tions upon the ice-cap proved to be insuperable. The surface of the elevated plateau was covered THE MONROE DOCTRINE FROM AN ENGLISH STANDPOINT.* with an icy crust, carved and seamed by relent- less winds whose traces were quickly obliterated So much has lately been said about the by the drifting of new-fallen snow. The air Monroe Doctrine that a new book upon the was full of snow. The vision was bounded by subject is likely to attract attention. Mr. Red- a canopy of cloud which allowed no glimpse of daway's contribution to the discussion is a short a sun or star, and nautical observations could essay of a hundred and fifty pages, which was seldom be made. A point could be determined originally prepared in competition for a Cam- only by the dead reckoning of a compass and bridge University prize. The author says in an odometer. his preface that he has laid under contribution The following winter was spent in gathering a mass of unpublished documents in the Public from the resources of the country supplies, Record Office, but he does not seem to have chiefly of frozen walrus and deer meat, to re- discovered much that is not already to be found place those which had been lost. On April 1, in easily accessible printed sources. The book 1895, with two men and forty dogs, the jour- is interesting, however, as a discussion of the ney across the ice-cap was again undertaken. Monroe Doctrine from the English point of The story of this march is a record of indomi- view. table courage and of patient endurance never The larger part of the essay is devoted to an surpassed, but expended upon judgment which account of the origin of the Doctrine. The can hardly be approved, and effective of no statement of the European side of the situation adequate result. The reasons for a return in is well done, but the account of the American 1894 were yet more potent in 1895. The stock side betrays the fact that the author's acquaint- of supplies was far less fit than on the preceding ance with the history of the United States is year. Independence Bay might be revisited, by no means intimate. It is surprising to be but it was evident that the northward trip could told that, “ It is the proudest trophy of the not follow, nor could the foundation be then American government that the pen of Jefferson laid for such a trip in the future. The result could formulate against France broad princi- was less disastrous than could reasonably have ples of neutrality to which time has added been expected. The men survived the march nothing," when it is well known that Jefferson of 1200 miles over the “Great Ice.” They not only did not write the proclamation of neu- found the cliff which overlooked the bay, but trality, but denounced its phraseology as “pu- dared not risk the descent. They retraced their sillanimous.” The sentence quoted illustrates steps, and when they regained the lodge by the a tendency toward rhetorical flourish and an western sea they had barely escaped eating their *THE MONROE DOCTRINE. By W. F. Reddaway. Cam- sole remaining dog, through whose attenuated bridge University Press, New York: The Macmillan Co. 42 [July 16, THE DIAL a indirectness of statement that characterize the influence in America. In 1808 Jefferson wrote, essay in reference to Cuba and Mexico : With respect to the authorship of the Decla- « We consider their interests and ours as the same, ration, Mr. Reddaway concludes that “the and the object of both must be to exclude all European influence in this hemisphere." conception of the Monroe Doctrine and much of its phraseology came from Adams, and the In his celebrated letter to Monroe in reference share of Monroe did not extend beyond revi- to the proposed Declaration, Jefferson wrote: sion." “ The part played by Jefferson," he “Our first and fundamental maxim should be never to says, “ seems to be defined in the fact that his entangle ourselves in the broils of Europe; our second, advice was sought and not followed." It has never to suffer Europe to intermeddle with cis-Atlantic always been well known that John Quincy distinct from those of Europe, and peculiarly her own. affairs. America, North and South, has a set of interests . Adams largely inspired Monroe's Declaration, She should, therefore, have a system of her own, sepa- but Mr. Reddaway overstates the case in his rate and apart from that of Europe. While the last is favor. The Declaration consisted of three laboring to become the domicile of despotism, our en- deavor should surely be to make our hemisphere that of propositions, each of which had a different freedom.” origin. The first proposition opposed further Here we have the exact ideas and almost the European colonization of the American conti- It is true nents. This part was wholly due to Adams, phraseology of Monroe's message. and was but a re-statement of his declaration to that Jefferson favored a joint declaration, and Baron Tuyl and his instructions to Rush. The that a separate declaration was finally decided second proposition opposed American interfer- but that does not alter the fact that the upon; ence in European affairs. Innumerable pre- most important part of the message originated cedents for this part of the Declaration might in his suggestion. The Monroe Doctrine is thus be cited, of which the most notable are Wash. seen to have been a composite production, to ington's Farewell Address and Jefferson's First which Adams and Jefferson contributed in nearly equal proportions. Inaugural. The idea was clearly expressed in Paine's “Common Sense"—the first published The remainder of Mr. Reddaway's little book discusses the reception of the Doctrine, its rela- argument for the independence of the colonies. As this earliest precedent seems to have been tion to International Law, and its later appli- cations. He finds that the Declaration pro- overlooked by writers upon this subject, it is worth quoting in full. Paine wrote: duced slight effect in South American states, and that they looked chiefly to Great Britain “Submission to or dependence on Great Britain tends directly to involve this Continent in European wars and for support. He points out that the policy of quarrels, and [to] set us at variance with nations who a single power does not modify the Law of would otherwise seek our friendship, and against whom Nations, and that the influence of the Monroe we have neither anger nor complaint. As Europe is our Doctrine is evil so far as it leads the people of market for trade, we ought to form no partial connec- the United States to believe that they possess tion with any part of it. It is the true interest of America to steer clear of European contentions, which in their international relations greater rights she never can do while, by her dependence on Britain, than they are entitled to under the rules of she is made the make-weight in the scale of British International Law. The author's concluding politics." analysis of the foundation of the Monroe Doc- This proposition was a part of the stock of trine may be briefly summarized. In his view, political ideas common to the American people the Doctrine is based upon the assumption that from the time of the Revolution. If the honor the distance between European and American of first formulating it is to be assigned to any- states creates a natural line of demarkation one, it would seem to belong to Paine. The between them. This assumption, he claims, is third proposition of the Declaration opposed unfounded. Land, rather than water, separates European interference in American affairs. nations. Intercourse, rather than geographical Simple as is this corollary of the second propo- position, unites them. With existing means of sition, it had never before been publicly and transit, South America is as closely connected officially stated. It is the important advance with Europe as with the United States. The that Monroe made upon previous statements. assumption failing, upon which the Doctrine is The conception " seems to be more distinctly based, the Doctrine must fall with it. “ traceable to Jefferson than to any other states Mr. Reddaway's book cannot, of course, man. The purchase of Louisiana was a most include the latest phase in the history of the important step toward diminishing European Monroe Doctrine. Monroe Doctrine. Just as Europe seems to 1 1 1898.] 43 THE DIAL yield a tacit assent to the assumptions advanced together in the remark that “there is no more in its name, a considerable portion of the Amer patent absurdity than the play that is not ican people propose in effect to discard the intended to be acted.” The critic in question Doctrine as too confining for the purposes of meant that reading plays was merely a very our future development. The actual occupation unsatisfactory substitute for seeing them; that of the whole of the American continents long it had no independent existence. He did not ago rendered obsolete that part of the Declara- mention the fact that it is impossible for us to tion relating to colonization. There remain see any of the plays of Shakespeare, Molière, the propositions respecting intervention : non- Aristophanes, etc., as their authors imagined intervention by the United States in European them, and impossible also to recreate in the affairs, and non-intervention by European imagination any of these masterpieces of the states in American affairs. It should not be drama as they were seen by the audience for forgotten that these propositions are reciprocal. wbich they were written ; namely, that it was ; If we abandon one, we cannot claim the other. impossible to enjoy them in anything but a sur- It is worthy of serious consideration whether reptitious and fanciful way. It was of no conse- the practical recognition of our supremacy in quence to him that he deprived of enjoyment America does not outweigh any advantages many of his fellow-creatures ; indeed, he prob- that are likely to accrue from the acquisition ably did not think of this matter, for his mind of territory in other hemispheres, and whether, was quite absorbed in his great conception that after all, it is not better to avoid both the mazes there was no such thing as a “ literary play.” of European diplomacy and the burdens of the The gloom thus diffused throughout the European system of standing armies and costly reading public, however, was somewhat light- navies. F. H. HODDER. ened by the announcement that the plays of Mr. Bernard Shaw were to be published. Bernard Shaw was a name to arouse the imag- ination, for every body felt quite sure that he 6 THE DRAMA AS LITERATURE.”* must be somebody, and nobody (in America) Many people nowadays, especially in this knew just who he was. It was obvious also country, if they want the choicest fine blossom that his plays must be literary plays, because of the contemporary drama, have to get it by no one could remember having seen them or reading. Either because of absence from me- having heard of them on the stage. Here was a tropoles, or because of the absence of apprecia- bit of comfort for those who held that, entirely tive managers, they find it next to impossible aside from stage representation, there was intel- to see " Heimat,” for instance, or “The Doll's ligent pleasure to be gained from reading plays. House,” or “Die versunkene Glocke,” and The position would seem to be this: Here more than impossible to see “La Princesse are so-called plays. They have not been great Maleine ” or “ Salome.” They may be able in stage successes. They do not please immediate the future, perhaps, to see “ La Ville Morte audiences. Yet shall they not be read, per- . or“ Cyrano de Bergerac," but still, practically, haps, with intelligent pleasure ? Here is a book; they have to content themselves with reading : and a book of which the content distinguishes inferior plays they can see on the stage, but it readily from directories, catalogues, vol. the plays which have interested the world they umes of this or that " series," railway novels, must read. logarithmic tables, accumulations of by-gone Now, ever since the dictum of a well-known journalism, cook-books, and so forth, to which critic last January, reading plays has been like we instinctively deny the name of literature: eating ashes. Previously there had been an these plays are read with aroused intelligence, idea that some plays were even better “ as lit- they must give impressions or opinions, and erature” than on the stage. But the ruling these impressions or opinions must be of inter- just mentioned did away with such a fancy. It est to the critic. What shall he say about them? laid down the principle that a dramatist must Of course these plays are not ostentatious please his immediate audience"; it held up the “ closet-plays "; they are not remarkable in ideal of an “imaginative sympathy needful to form or technique. Some plays, as we read enable [readers or critics] to see a play as it them, do not seem at all adapted for the stage. might appear on the stage”; it gathered itself 6. Hanneles Himmelfahrt was successful, cu- * PLAYS: PLEASANT AND UNPLEASANT. By George Bernard riously enough, but we do not readily imagine Shaw. Chicago: Herbert S. Stone & Co. anyone acting “Pelléas et Mélisande.” The > > a 44 [July 16, THE DIAL 1 1 1 1 а 1 plays of Mr. Bernard Shaw, however, are cast After this it may seem unwise to allow that “ in the ordinary practical comedy form in use the chief characteristics of Mr. Bernard Shaw's at all the theatres "; they are meant to be acted plays are not precisely dramatic. They might when anyone comes along that can act them. appear in other work of their author as well as Still, the author publishes them that they may here. A great dramatist has leading charac- also be read. teristics which are especially dramatic, which His reasons for thinking it well to read plays demand the stage. I do not see that Mr. are not precisely those just indicated. Mr. Bernard Shaw has. Sudermann, Ibsen, Mae- Bernard Shaw says that Englishmen do not terlinck,- to take both practical playwrights customarily go to the theatre. Even if they Even if they and airy theorists,— are each noteworthy for did, they might not like “ literary plays”: in things that would not appear if they wrote Spain people go to the theatre every night, but novels. In the case of Sudermann, who has. they do not wish to see "literary plays " for all written novels, the chief characteristic of his that; they have invented another kind of en- dramatic work - which I take to be the com- tertainment which they like much better. Mr. bining of a number of motives in one focus Bernard Shaw also thinks" that a perfectly is not at all obvious in them. But the striking adequate and successful stage representation of thing about Mr. Bernard Shaw might be made a play requires a combination of circumstances а to appear in a novel, and, I think, quite as well so extraordinarily fortunate that [he] doubts as it is made to appear in the plays. whether it ever occurred in the history of the It does not follow from this that these world.” This I take leave to think is almost plays are especially undramatic, even from the hypercritical. A writer of plays probably con- point of view of the stage. In fact, they were ceives his unwritten play in terms of the stage all written for the stage. One does not wonder circumstance to which he is accustomed ; and that « Arms and the Man” received some if the play appears in that circumstance, it applause ; it is more remarkable that “You is probably “ adequately presented,” as ade- Never Can Tell” was not put on the stage. quately, at least, as it can ever exist in the « Mrs. Warren's Profession was barred for mind of a reader. non-dramatic reasons. I have said that the It is not for these reasons that I approve of main characteristic of these plays — the par- printed plays. I approve of them because I ticular mood of realism ticular mood of realism — was not dramatic. can see that there may be such a thing as a lit- I am inclined to think, however, that the special erary form called “ the drama” which will en. mode of its manifestation does belong to the able a man to do what he cannot do in any other stage. stage. Mr. Bernard Shaw is a realist, but he way. This literary form is conditioned partly does not mean to be dull for all that, not over- by the simpler current exigencies of the stage serious, plodding, stupid, dry-as-dust, dodder- as they are understood by most readers - this this ing. He attains his end by a curious expedient is the conventional part, and partly by the which I think must belong particularly to the necessity of appealing to one reader alone, stage, I do not easily conceive of it elsewhere, instead of to a number of hearers together. The namely, by what, at first, appears to be almost acted play is governed by neither of these neces- conventional farce. This general form of irony sities. The acted play must conform to a great is not impossible in other kinds of literature, number of mechanical and theatrical neces- although it is rather uncommon; but it cannot sities, which the average reader knows nothing be realized in the way followed here, except on at all about, and it appeals to the eyes and the the stage. minds of a number of persons gathered together, These plays of Mr. Bernard Shaw might which is a very different thing from one person make, and probably have made, a good deal of alone. Perhaps the greatest plays are those talk from a point of view which does not dis- which succeed under all these conditions ; but tinguish between a play and, let us say, a trea- certainly some plays will answer one set of re- tise. 66 Mrs. Warren's Profession” is written quirements and other plays will answer the on a matter which is not usually regarded other. Now suppose you have a play which an- and rightly enough — as mentionable in ordi- . swers the first set, but not the second ; what will nary society. “ Widowers' Houses” deals with you do? Call it an absurdity, with Mr. Brander another “problem,” and this time a perfectly Matthews? I imagine myself doing so, and proper one. « The Philanderer" is apparently feel that I am absurd myself ; so I try to regard conceived as being on still another question ; it otherwise. but here Mr. Bernard Shaw carries his farce so - a - I 1898.] 45 THE DIAL 7 far that it is impossible to regard the matter of his spare time to the study of ancient history, prin- seriously. These are the “unpleasant plays cipally of those customs pertaining to law which seemed so called ; less pleasant than the others chiefly the Romans of that period had reached: and this work to him incongruous with the state of civilization which because they exhibit the following out of rather is the outcome of his researches." a poor idea. The “problem play" seems to be rather a modern English habit; Mr. Pinero Our author's conclusions are not always in and Mr. Jones lean to it. But it is not in its harmony with some of the favorite views of the nature anything especially dramatic: in fact, present time. He believes the first home of the reasoning from Aristotle's central idea, it seems Aryans was in Asia — in ancient Bactria. He to me undramatic. claims that migration took place from there Anyway, it is not here a matter of especial Asiatic people is his parent-nation or mother- into Europe and into India. This ancient interest, for it is not a characteristic of the best of these plays. It is lacking in “Candida,” nation. He considers the migration to have “ Arms and the Man," and "You Never Can been of long duration, and locates a second Tell"; these have no problems, they are not home of the Aryans in the great plain of South- tracts or criticisms or police reports in disguise. ern Europe. This second home appears to have They are simply plays. “ Pleasant Plays” they From it, later migrations populated almost the been a resting place for the migrating masses. are called by Mr. Bernard Shaw, and to my mind the reason for their being pleasant is whole of Europe with Aryan folk, and the dif- ferentiation of the five great nations - Greeks, because they are much better as plays than the . unpleasant ones. Of the three, “Candida" Latins, Celts, Teutons, Slavs - took place has most depth. The two others are very locally. To the migrating peoples, particularly while in their second home, the author appears amusing and have much good meat to them But “ Candida” has more earnest searching- to confine the name Indo-European. These are fundamental ideas from which and ness, or searching earnestness, on some rather deep points. I have seen it called “as true a to which von Ihering works. His argument is poem as was ever written in prose.” This seems interesting and ingenious. Almost ignoring lin- a complimentary remark, but neither well-guistic evidence, he studies survival and cus- founded nor at all descriptive. I should say tom. In the four books he investigates the that it is a play which pleases at the time and Aryan Parent Nation, Aryans and Semites, pleases in remembrance. I almost regret that Emigration of the Aryans, The Wandering. the poet in the play was not lame, or something The fifth, sixth, and seventh books were to bave of the sort (as Mr. Bernard Shaw suggests), dealt with the Second Home, Origin of the so that it might have been acted. European Nations, Difference of the European EDWARD E. HALE, JR. Nations. Von Ihering considers the Aryans in their original home to have lacked energy and practicality; the modern Hindu, dreamy and unpractical, more adequately represents them THE PROBLEM OF THE ARYANS,* than do the modern peoples of Europe. By his The learned author of “The Evolution of home was inland, and probably isolated by lines method the author claims to prove that the first the Aryan,” Rudolph von Ihering, never fully of enclosing mountains. Although a settled and completed the work. Three books out of the populous folk, the parent nation was pastoral seven which were to comprise it were never and non-agricultural; it was ignorant of metals, written, and the fourth book is probably far and built neither towns nor houses of stones ; from complete. It is well, however, that what law, whether international or domestic, crim- was written has been printed. The books in which the life and history of the primitive inal or property, was at a low stage of devel. opment. Aryan have been reconstructed deal chiefly or exclusively with evidence from language. This The power which converted the Aryan dreamer of inland Asia into a nation, from work is a study of survival in custom. The which should come the eminently practical translator, in his preface, says: Roman, is claimed to have been contact with “ Von Ihering was a wonderfully versatile man. Professor of Roman Law - one of the greatest author- Semitic civilization. The contrast drawn be- ities on the subject that ever lived, he devoted much tween Aryan and Semitic cultures, and the pic- *THE EVOLUTION OF THE ARYAN. By Rudolph von Ihering. ture of old Babylonian culture, are masterpieces Translated by A. Drucker. New York: Henry Holt & Co. of work. To the Babylonian, von Ihering A - 46 [July 16, THE DIAL a attributes the town, the fortress, the stone (or trative grasp of its immediate facts, and a very , brick) house, the trade of building, measure- living interest in them. It was this spiritual insight ment of time and dimension, brick-burning, use which imparted to him a prophetic force, and of water, navigation and commerce ; and these impelled him to give a more loving and tender ren- were transmitted to the Aryans. The fact of dering of Christian life. Christ was to him the great heart of God, the great heart of humanity; the migration, its character, the customs devel. and so arose the New Puritanism. Those who oped in it and by it, are investigated, and many united in the recent celebration of the fiftieth anni. curious and at first sight inexplicable customs versary of Plymouth Church are men of a kindred are traced in their beginnings back to that time. temper, and the occasion was chiefly improved in In the ver sacrum, for example, von Ihering the enforcement of this more universal life. The sees the ceremonial repetition of the once forced book has interest for all who are in sympathy with a more immediate and renovative effort among men, swarming forth of the young to seek a new home. Most interesting of all, perhaps, is the in their personal and social relations. tracing back to reasonable and useful origins social truth to Christian experience. Its main con- “ Selfhood and Service" is also a bringing of of the curious practices connected with the tention is the personal and social discipline which Roman fetiales, pontifices, and auspices. attends upon the acquisition of wealth. The thought The style of the work is charming; the argu- 80 far is plain, adequate, and stimulating. We can ment forceful. The analysis is clear, and the ar- hardly feel that the author, in treating this theme, gument is summed up in a series of propositions, was at liberty to overlook, to the degree he has, each growing out of the preceding. Whether two essentials in making production personally and the author's conclusions are always sound, or socially beneficent. Thorough integrity, a keen recog- his fundamental ideas are accepted, the mate- nition of the rights of men, and generous sympathy rial and the mode of presenting it are so new making one's efforts directly aidful to all asso- ciated with him— must be present, or the getting and important that the book must have a not- able influence in the discussion of Aryan ori. and dispensing of wealth will both lose their spiritual value. The three stand in this order of importance: gins and development. FREDERICK STARR. integrity, aidfulness, beneficence. Beneficence, divorced from the other two, is mere tinsel. The fine beneficence of a modern Cræsus is not suffi. cient to gild the enormous mass of injury inflicted THE REACTION OF KNOWLEDGE on society by his business methods and spirit. ON FAITH.* “ Divine Immanence approaches the central If the first effect of a growth in knowledge was spiritual problem, the conception of the nature of unbelief, its far more extended and permanent re- God, from the side of philosophy and science. What sult has been a reopening and a reconsideration in conception brings most light, and is most in har- many ways of the terms of faith. The group of mony with our present forms of knowledge? The books before us, and the multitude of works with book is unusually clear, definite, and progressive in which they are associated, are illustrations of the its line of thought. The subject, though abstruse, is followed with ease and pleasure in its presentation. eagerness with which men shortly bring any new resources of knowledge to the ever-enduring and The author keeps firmly to the ground except when inescapable inquiries of our spiritual life. he approaches his last dogmatic conclusion. He leaps into the illustrates this reaction in one of the many phases gether of the terms of science and faith. It is a which it presents. The New Puritanism is the re- ligious cast which a wider sympathy with men has work not without ability, yet it yields comparatively little stimulus or instruction. The two elements of given to our Christian life. Henry Ward Beecher, if not a critical student of Sociology, had a pene- science and revelation are not thoroughly fused in each other. The book is the presentation and vin- * THE NEW PURITANISM. Papers by Lyman Abbott, dication of a somewhat involved and arbitrary Amory H. Bradford, Charles A. Berry, George H. Gordon, dogma - that of a distinct spirit superinduced upon , Washington Gladden, William J. Tucker. New York: Fords, Howard & Hulbert. mind, life, and body. The spiritual being is a fourth SELIHOOD AND SERVICE. By David Beaton. Chicago : entity, on whose presence or absence man's higher Fleming H. Revell Co. and immortal hopes are made to rest. The recon- THE MYSTERY OF LIFE. By Harry E. Richards, A.M., ciliation, therefore, of the physical and the spiritual M.D. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. is the absence of any contradiction between them, DIVINE IMMANENCE. By J. R. Illingworth, M.A. New not their union in one supreme product. Revelation York: The Macmillan Co. remains revelation under a narrow dogmatic form. LIFE, DEATH, AND IMMORTALITY. By William M. Bryant, M.A., LL.D. New York: The Baker & Taylor Co. “ Life, Death, and Immortality” receives its title THE CLERICAL LIFE. A Series of Letters to Ministers. from the first of a series of essays not very closely New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. united, and which have been in part previously pub- 者 ​A 1 1 1 The first book on our list, « The New Paritanism," thea The Mystery of Life " is another bringing to- 1 1 1 - 1 1898.] 47 THE DIAL lished. Among these essays are: “Oriental Relig- reasons are given why it is not possible to determine ions,” “Christianity and Mohammedanism," "The the position of a faculty from the conformations of Natural History of Church Organization," “ The the skull, and a medley of thirteen even more un- Heresy of Non-Progressive Orthodoxy,"“Miracles.” fortunate arguments is offered to prove that the The author has a highly speculative mind, and this faculties of the mind are multiple. Is this nineteenth- fact will render some of the essays less interesting century science? With such a theoretical basis, to the mass of readers. His thought is coherent and the nature of memory is unfolded and a system of his style perspicuous. One feels that he is brought practical rules for the cultivation of memory is de- in contact with an unusually vigorous personality.veloped. The expositions and explanations are quite The appeal is constantly and exclusively to reason. largely of the type of a by-gone age when the power Yet a strong religious faith pervades the discussions. of opium to put one to sleep was acceptably ex- We especially commend the essay entitled “ Bud-plained by reason of its soporific faculty. A man dhism and Christianity.” who has a “large faculty for colour" is one who The chief interest of “Clerical Life" is literary. remembers colors easily, and one who remembers It is made up of letters, twenty in number, addressed colors easily may be said to have a large fac- “ chiefly to some minister whose faults or circum- alty for colour.” The precepts founded upon this stances are to come under criticism. Though these type of analysis are of that aggravatingly vague letters are, on the title page, referred to eight differ- and didactic form which tell us to seek a certain ent authors, they are each anonymous, and are quite end, which is exactly what we clearly know, and uniform in method and in style. Eight of them, fail to tell us how to go about it, which is the signed X., are presumably written by Dr. Watson. helpless ignorance we had hoped to relieve. No They are somewhat of the Addisonian order : indi. book written by an intelligent writer is continuously rect, mild, and satirical, in their praise and censure. bad; and there are scattered here and there through- ; The occasion chosen is not ordinarily a serious one, out the three hundred pages some suggestive facts and it is gracefully presented under a variety of and illustrations. But it is hopeless to suppose that side lights. The book is enjoyable and not unin any seeker after a good memory, who is urged on a structive. The title, however, is more serious than by the glittering prospect of the preface that the the treatment. There is an occasional defect in discovery of the facts of memory enabled the author taste in allowing the subject of stricture to become to learn a subject in a fifth of the time that it for- too idiotic in his faults - as in the case of the min- merly occupied, will be able to steer his tortuous ister who had been to Germany. The critic seems way through this poorly illuminated tangle, with to find himself unable to set on the dogs of criticism either profit or pleasure. A student who attended till he has clothed his victim in bear-skins. the memory classes of a famous “memory profes- JOHN BASCOM. sor," when asked how he profited by the instruction, replied that he thought he would have progressed very satisfactorily, were it not that he constantly forgot to go to the lessons. The best advice to offer BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. the student of memory is to ask him to remember, An unscientific The red cover of “ The International not to attempt the study of memory by the aid of this unfortunate volume. number of a Scientific Series” (Appleton) has scientific series. come to be a trade-mark of scientific If a recent publication entitled respectability. As in all series, the works differ and the spirit “Matthew Arnold and the Spirit of widely in scholarship and value; but a laudable the Age” (Putnam) had fallen into standard of average excellence has been maintained. the bands of Mr. Howells previous to his recent It is particularly unfortunate that a topic which has discourse opon American literary centres, he might been so constantly beset with the dogmatism of have added Sewanee, Tennessee, to his list. To -should representation in this series. Volume LXXVIII. of the South, the home of ("Memory and its Cultivation,” by F. W. Edridge three distinguished men of letters—Professor Trent, Green) is as completely out of place in a scientific Professor Wells, and the Rev. Greenough White - series as it is innocent of the sound psychological and the place of publication of that admirable and principles upon which alone a modern book on mem- dignified quarterly, “ The Sewanee Review.” It ory can be wisely written. Instead of the compre- transpires from the volume above mentioned that hensive physiological and psychological basis for the Sewanee also boasts an English Club of gentlemen proper presentation of the processes of memory and ladies, which has had a somewhat chequered which modern research makes possible, we have a existence since 1885, and has devoted itself to the totally arbitrary system of rejavenated phrenolog- study of English language, literature, and thought. ical faculties in which Time and Eventuality, Size The subject chosen for last year's study was " the and Incongruity, Causality and Cautiousness, Imi- spirit of the age" as typified by Matthew Arnold; tation and Benevolence, all hold coördinate and and it was voted, at the end of the season, to pub- chaotic sway. Eight most illogical and unnecessary lish the papers that had been written about this Matthew Arnold of the age. systemomakom obohid lind such a humanizatiafactory the reading public, Sewange it has won as the seat of - > 48 [July 16, THE DIAL theme. The result is a handsome volume, edited by (Harper), and with each volume there will be incor- Mr. Greenough White, and containing fourteen brief porated, in the form of an introduction, such pas- essays which consider, besides Arnold's own work, sages from his letters, journals, and sketch-books such writers as Clough, Mr. Meredith, Mr. Watson, as relate to the history of the novel in question, and Mr. Austin, and Mrs. Ward, and such cognate to the private life of the novelist at the time con- topics as “ The Late Course of Religious Thought,” cerned. Three of the volumes have thus far been “ Recent History Writing,” and “Lord Leighton issued; and as each of them contains about forty and the Late Course of English Art.” The value pages of this introductory matter, much of which of work of this sort is, of course, chiefly subjective has never before been published, a simple calculation and social, but the book of the Club makes an attract- will show that we may expect from them all a ive showing, and sets an excellent example to other biography, however fragmentary and incoherent, similar organizations. The papers contributed by amounting in the aggregate to some five hundred the editor, and by his clerical colleague, Mr. W. P. pages. That this will prove a boon to the student DuBose, are those of the most value, although all of literary history is quite evident, and the name of are thoughtful and well-expressed. A certain nar- Mrs. Ritchie guarantees performance of the delicate rowness of standpoint, an occasional unpleasant task in a manner that will be at once tactful and assumption of superior airs, and a trifle too much of trustworthy. editing, are the main defects of the discussion. We Mr. Philip H. Goepp's “Symphonies must find room for one delicious bit of unconscious Symphonies and and their Meaning" (Lippincott) is their meaning. humor in the statement that “it is apparent that a the sort of book that we approach work on the plan of Dr. Moulton's • Modern Read- with a dark foreboding. So much nonsense has er's Bible’ would have delighted ” Arnold. Dr. been written about the “meaning” of absolute Moulton has numerous gifts, but he has not the gift music, and so many writers have sought to give an of style for himself or of the sense for style in lite objective significance to their own purely subjective erature, and his scientific arrangement of the scrip- impressions of the sonata and the symphony, that tures is precisely the sort of thing that would have suspicion of such a title as the above is not unrea- filled Arnold's soul with grief and inspired his sonable. Happily, Mr. Goepp does not justify the most pungent satire. His “ Isaiah showed how suspicion, and his discussion is reasonably free from the thing ought to be done, and his way was not the vagaries of interpretation that make so much Dr. Moulton's way, to put it mildly. of the critical literature of music absolutely worth- less. He does not escape the rhapsodical manner Biographical Thackeray's request that he should edition of not be made the subject of a formal altogether, but it is fairly evident that his language Thackeray, is figurative, and that he understands it to be so. biography is well-known, and has hitherto kept the material remaining in the Still, this sort of thing, which occurs now and then, possegg- is at least ominous : “Suddenly a turn of the major ion of his family from being used in a life of the great novelist. Such sketches of his career as have lets in a clear ray of hope, and then comes the heroic lift from the abode of devils to that of angels, been produced have been drawn from unofficial from hell to heaven from sinister, overwhelming sources, and have proved meagre and unsatisfactory. But during the thirty-five years that have elapsed evil to moral triumph.” For the most part, how- since his death, a considerable amount of his corre- ever, Mr. Goepp's book is a technical - but not too spondence has been made public, and the outline, at technical — analysis of about a dozen of the greatest least, of his life-history has gradually shaped itself of the symphonies, written with both knowledge in the minds of interested students of his work. So and understanding, and provided with copious illus- trations in musical notation. It is a good book for many misconceptions bave arisen, both concerning his private life and his artistic endeavor, that it be- the serious concert-goer who, although not a musi- cian himself, has reached the point of realizing that comes a delicate question of ethics to determine music is one of the most important means of culture, whether his family have acted wisely in their literal compliance with his expressed wish. At all events, and cannot be omitted from any well-considered scheme of liberal education. Mrs. Ritchie, the daughter from whose pen the biography, if ever decided upon, should properly “ The Library of Literary History,” Literary history come, has so far relaxed her original resolution as of nations. a publishing enterprise undertaken to take part in the production of a “ biographical by Mr. T. Fisher Unwin and repre- edition" of his writings that will serve, to a consid- sented in this country by Messrs. Charles Scribner's erable extent, as a substitute for the more formal Sons, pens its prospectus in the following words : "life" for which many students have not ceased to “There is for every nation a history, which does not hope. In any case, this new publication presents respond to the trumpet-call of battle, which does not the work of Thackeray to his readers in a highly limit its interest to the conflict of dynasties. This acceptable form, and seems likely to supersede all the history of intellectual growth and artistic its predecessors in popular favor and become the achievement — if less romantic than the popular - standard library edition of his novels. There are panorama of kings and queens, finds its material in to be thirteen stout volumes in all, published monthly 1 imperishable masterpieces, and reveals to the student a a a - - 1898.] 49 THE DIAL a South African something at once more vital and more picturesque the author too far. Even if the names of the great than the quarrels of rival parliaments. Nor is it in Italians are “ weighed rather than counted,” as he any sense unscientific to shift the point of view from suggests, French literature still remains a more im- politics to literature. It is but the fashion of his- portant product, and is the second of modern litera- tory which insists that a nation lives only for her tures as unquestionably as English is the first. The warriors, a fashion which might long since have been style of Dr. Garnett's book, although it slips now ousted by the commonplace reflection that, in spite and then, is on the whole singularly fine; it is fin- of history, the poets are the true masters of the ished and graceful, at once delicate and strong, and earth.” As well, perhaps, as general terms can de- never relapses into prosinegg. The translations intro- scribe such a series of volumes as is here projected, duced are numerous, largely made by Dr. Garnett the passage quoted will suffice; and we may point to himself, and are exceptionally successful in repro- M. Jusserand's “ Literary History of the English ducing both the thought and the form of their orig- People" as an already existent concrete embodiment | inals. of the idea. The first volume of the new series, “A Kruger and the Mr. Reginald Statham, in “ Paul Literary History of India,” by Mr. R. W. Frazer, Kruger and his Times” (L. C. Page speaks well for the enterprise, and presents the views Republic. & Co.) gives an account of the rise of a scholar long and favorably identified with his of the South African Republic, a small and remote subject, who commands at the same time a singur country lately made conspicuous by the fiasco of the larly graceful and attractive style. Mr. Frazer Jameson Raid, and the development of the Kruger begins with the Aryans, and carries us from the family, newly illustrious through its worthy repre- twilight period of Indian history, through the secular sentative Paul Kruger, beloved by his own people struggle between Brahmanism and Buddhism, down as “Oom Paul,” the biographical and historical ele- to modern times and what literature these times ments appearing to be quite inseparable. The nar- have produced. The epics and the drama are made rative is well sustained, the situations are strongly the subject of special studies, and the work is, as a picturesque, and the contrasts and parallels are whole, the most readable and interesting treatment handled with the skill of a trained advocate. The of its entire theme with which we are acquainted, reader, however, is compelled to feel that there must It makes a handsome volume of nearly five hundred be a respondent in the case, whose presentation, pages, and sets for its successors a standard of ex- though different, might be equally interesting, per- cellence that will not easily be surpassed. We note haps equally convincing. that Professor Barrett Wendell has been commis- sioned to prepare “ A Literary History of the United Nothing better in its way has ever States” for the series. delineated by come to our notice than Mr. James Mr. Bryce. Bryce's study of Gladstone (Century Dr. Richard Garnett's “ History of Co.). The little book is a model of pith and com- Dr. Garnett's Italian Literature" (Appleton) is the Italian Literature. pression and effective breadth of delineation, and it fourth volume to appear in the series should be read and conned by everyone desiring a of “Literatures of the World,” and is the best of the four, which amounts to very high praise when competent knowledge of this foremost of Victorian statesmen. Mr. Gladstone's life was long, and sin- we consider the admirable treatment given to French gularly eventful ; his character was as complex as and English literature by Professor Dowden and Mr. his pursuits were multifarious ; and for almost half Gosse. It also emphasizes, even more than its prede- a century his career was so closely interwoven cessors, the intention of the series as a whole, which is with the public affairs of his country that the story obviously not to furnish an elementary compendium of his parliamentary life comes near to being an of knowledge, but rather to discuss literature from the outline of concurrent English politics. Yet in the standpoint of modern criticism, and for the benefit brief space of 104 small pages, Mr. Bryce has man- of an audience already in possession of the bare facts. aged to give us a portrait that for essential truth is One must know a certain amount beforehand about the history of Italian literature to get much profit likely to remain unsurpassed. He discusses his hero as parliamentarian, orator, and author, and there from such a study as Dr. Garnett has written, and are separate chapters on his social qualities, his we are sometimes inclined to think that he takes too * originality and independence,” his religious char- much previous information for granted to permit an acter, and so on. The book contains a striking appeal to other than a narrow audience. On the other frontispiece portrait. hand, given the intention of addressing a cultivated circle of readers, there is not sufficient cause for Gladstone A suitable complement to Mr. Bryce's refraining so carefully from the smallest scrap of depicted in somewhat abstract and analytical original quotation, particularly as the author does study is Mr. Lionel Tollemache's not hesitate to introduce Latin quotations whenever capital little volume entitled “Talks with Mr. Glad- it pleases him. In quoting Jowett with seeming stone (Longmans). Mr. Tollemache has attempted approval, to the effect that Italian literature is the very successfully, though in a small way, to Bos- greatest in the world after Greek, Latin, English,” wellize Mr. Gladstone, with whom he had a number we think that enthusiasm for his subject has carried of rather serious talks on topics literary, political, Gladstone 66 his" talks." 50 [July 16, THE DIAL а 66 : he was han - and religious, and whom he seems to have“ drawn and will thank the publisher for having given them so out very skilfully. The “talks ” ranged from exquisite a dress. Two or three apt quotations in prose 1856 to 1870, and from 1891 to 1896; and they and verse, from Mr. Aldrich, Mr. J. H. McCarthy, and certainly offer a good many curiosities, even eccen- Mrs. Marriott-Watson, add to the charm of this minia- ture volume. tricities, of opinion. Perhaps Mr. Gladstone liked to be paradoxical on occasion. Once, when Mr. Tolle- Although so many thousand cases have been decided mache asked him at what period he wished his lot by the higher Federal Courts, few embrace the great could have been thrown (he had already expressed basic principles of Constitutional Law. For the con- venience of students and others having occasion to refer his own preference for the nineteenth century), the to them, Dr. Carl Evans Boyd has edited sixty-three liberal leader replied : “ I should have chosen the representative cases under the title “ Cases on Consti- time of Homer." Commenting on Dives, he ob- tutional Law” (Callaghan). They extend from Chis- served : “I look upon him as a very mild instance. holm vs. Georgia to In re Debs and will prove of value As landlords go, above the average; he did let as ready references. Lazarus have of his superfluities.” Mr. Tollemache Messrs. Copeland & Day deserve the lasting grati- has reported his “talks” nearly verbatim, and they tude of book-lovers for the series of volumes in which are decidedly fresh, interesting, and suggestive. The they have reproduced certain of the sonnet-sequences of frontispiece portrait is evidently from a quite recent English poetry - Rossetti, Mrs. Browning, and others. photograph, and is painfully suggestive of the long Their latest issue is the volume of “Shakespeare's Sonnets,” printed, like its predecessors, in the manner period of suffering that preceded Mr. Gladstone's made so familiar by the Kelmscott Press of William death. Morris, with ornamental designs by Mr. Bertram Gros- In “Outlines of the Earth's History” venor Goodhue. This edition follows the divisions of Outlines of the earth's history. ( Appleton ), Professor Shaler, of the sonnets made by Mr. Charles Armitage Brown, Harvard University, has supplied a marking the two main sections with bordered pages, and much-needed compendium of physiography. Illus- the subdivisions with larger initials than those com- trating his statements from a copious fund of mate- monly used. rial authenticated by careful observation, experi- Miss Mary E. Burt, who has done so much excellent ment, and research, the author describes and work in the preparation of reading-books for children, has collaborated with Mrs. George W. Cable in the edit- explains the processes now active in earth, sea, air, ing of “ The Eugene Field Book” (Scribner), a collec- and the surrounding universe. He holds that the tion of verses, stories, and letters for school reading. history of the earth is a continuous record, whose Miss Burt has made her selections “ upon a basis fur- most instructive chapter is that now being written. nished by the children themselves, after repeated expe- Nature's laws change not. That which is is that riments," and the extracts “have been graded and which hath been, and the present is the interpreter arranged, after repeated tests, in the order of their of the past. Professor Shaler's style is clear, pleas- simplicity;". The book has an introduction by Mr. ant, and persuasive, and the book will appeal to the Cable, a sheaf of Field's letters to his children, and a popular reader as well as to the student of this most chapter of annotated autobiography. fascinating science. The semi-annual bound volume of “ The Land of Sunshine" (December to June) makes the accustomed good showing in text and illustrations. The latter are more profuse, and of a better average quality, than BRIEFER MENTION. heretofore, and present effectively many charming phases of California life and landscape. The notes by A catalogue of the Dante collection presented to the editor, Mr. Charles F. Lummis, are a strong fea- Cornell University by Professor Willard Fiske is in ture of this periodical,-piquant, vigorous, independent, course of preparation by Mr. Theodore W. Koch, whose and representing an Americanism of the truer and more « Dante in America” we reviewed about a year ago. stable sort which we have none too much of in Cali- The first part of this catalogue, including only “ Dante's fornia or anywhere else just now. Published at 501 Works” (in the original and translations) has just been Stimson Building, Los Angeles. published at Ithaca, and forms a quarto pamphlet of The following text-books in modern languages have nearly a hundred double-column pages. Two further been recently received: “A Brief German Grammar parts are being prepared, and the work will be paged with Exercises” (American Book Co.), by Dr. Hjalmar continuously. The entries include, besides strictly bib- Edgren and Mr. Laurence Fossler; “ A Course in Ger- liographical particulars, such additional matter as notes man Composition, Conversation, and Grammar Review" on the textual value of the editions, extracts from ex- (Ginn), by Dr. Wilhelm Bernhardt; “ Nicotiana und planatory prefaces, and occasional bits of authoritative Andere Erzählungen” (Heath), by Rudolf Baumbach, quotation. edited by Dr. Bernhardt; “ The Preceptor's French Mr. Mosher's dainty publications are always welcome, Course” (Hinds & Noble), by Mr. Ernest Weekley; and all the more so when they come unexpected, as in “ La Fille du Député” (Holt), by M. Georges Ohnet, the case of the booklet recently issued. Our Ambassador edited by Mr. G. A. D. Beck; “Douze Contes Nou- to England, Mr. John Hay, was a guest of the Omar veaux”(American Book Co.), by M. C. Fontaine, and two Khayyam Club in London at a dinner last December, booklets edited by M. Alphonse N. Van Daell, published and made a brief address so felicitous that it well de- in Boston by “L'Echo de la Semaine,” and containing served the honor of the present publication. All Omar M. Bourget's story “ Antigone ” and “Six Jolis Contes collectors will want these words “In Praise of Omar,” | by various writers. 9 > 1898.] 51 THE DIAL 9 a will hereafter be sent to all members of the Association. LITERARY NOTES. We have also the welcome news that, although a guar- Messrs. Ginn & Co. publish “ An Advanced Arith- anty subscription amounting to about ten thousand metic "and a “New School Algebra,” both by Mr. G. A. dollars has been used up by the Review during these Wentworth. three years, it “bas accomplished its purpose and there A small will not be need of a renewal." nual of “Industrial Electricity,” translated from the French of M. H. de Graffigny, and edited by “ The Empire and the Papacy,” by Mr. T. F. Tout, Mr. A. G. Elliott, is published by the Macmillan Co. covers the second period of the eight comprised in the Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons have just published “ Periods of European History” (Macmillan), edited by Part X. of Dr. M. Jastrow's “ Dictionary of the Tar- Mr. Arthur Hassall. More specifically, its dates are gumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the 918-1273. Six volumes of this series have now ap- Midrashic Literature." peared, leaving only the third and eighth unpublished. “Green Fields and Running Brooks,” a collection of Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co., publishers of Mr. poems, appears as Volume VII. in the new edition of Curtin's authorized translation of "Quo Vadis,” have Mr. James Whitcomb Riley's works now in course of discovered another book with the same title. It is by publication by the Messrs. Scribner. Bishop Hall, of Woolwich, and the full title is: “Quo Vadis ? A just Censure of Travell; as is commonly A monograph on the “ Anti-Slavery Leaders of North undertaken by the Gentlemen of our Nation. London, Carolina,” by Dr. John Spencer Bassett, is publisted in 1617." the series of “ Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science." Dr. W. C. Hollopeter, of Philadelphia, has just pub- Pye Chavasse's “ Advice to a Mother,” as edited by lished, through Messrs. P. Blakiston's Son & Co., a Dr. George Carpenter, and adapted for American read- work on “ Hay-Fever and Its Successful Treatment." ers by an unnamed collaborator, is published in a fif. The book is certainly timely, and its readers will take teenth edition by Messrs. George Routledge & Sons. heart at the author's statement that he has given “com- plete relief” to hundreds of patients in his private Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. publish, in a box, uniform editions of “The Prisoner of Zenda” and “Rupert of practice. A spray of goldenrod appropriately ornaments the cover. Hentzan,” by “ Anthony Hope.” We merely note the The “ Stories from the Classic Literature of Many fact at present, reserving the new novel for review at a later date. Nations” (Macmillan), which have been edited by Miss The Macmillan Co. will publish at an early date, in Bertha Palmer, are intended for children, whether in or out of school, and have a range wide enough to include book form, “The Biography of William Shakespeare," stories from Egyptian, Chinese, Japanese, Babylonian, by Mr. Sidney Lee, which has attracted so much atten- Hindu, Finnish, and American Indian sources. Most of tion in the last published volume of the Dictionary of National Biography. them are given in the texts of the standard translations, while a few are retold by the editor. Messrs. D. C. Heath & Co. publish a “ Physiology, Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons are about to issue a Experimental and Descriptive," by Mr. Buel P. Colton, an excellent text-book, marred only by the intrusive most important book upon Dante, by Mr. Edmund G. Gardner, of Cambridge. It is entitled “Dante's Ten way in which tobacco and alcohol are thrust upon the Heavens," and is confined to a study of the Paradiso. attention of the student. Based upon medieval and modern commentaries, it is a Mr. Kenneth Grahame's “Pagan Papers," now pub- lofty and sympathetic discussion of Dante's conception lished in an American edition by Mr. John Lane, does of the eternal glory of Paradise. Longfellow's transla- not contain the “Golden Age" stories, but is otherwise tion is the English text quoted throughout. a reissue of the English edition of the work, first pub- lished five years ago, and long out of print. Readers of the New York “ Evening Post” have been lately entertained by a series of sketches of life in The Macmillan Co. publish a reader for “ Nature Manilla, by Mr. Joseph Earle Stevens. We presume Study in Elementary Schools,” edited by Mrs. Lucy that the volume on “ The Philippines " by this writer, Langdon Williams Wilson; and a “ Handbook of Na- announced for early publication by the Messrs. Scribner, ture Study," by Mr. D. Lange, for children of maturer will prove to be, at least in part, a reproduction of these development, and designed for the help of teachers sketches, and we can cordially recommend it in advance rather than of students. of its appearance. It will be illustrated from photo- “Our Modern Navy,” published by Messrs. Rand, graphs taken by the writer. McNally & Co., is an oblong octavo volume giving full Messrs. Silver, Burdett, & Co. have just completed detailed descriptions, with illustrations, of the various their series of school readers entitled “Stepping Stones to types of boats that make up the United States Navy, Literature,” by the publication of the seventh and eighth and also condensed descriptions and statistics of the other volumes. The selections, with few exceptions, belong great pavies of the world. to good literature, and have a greater average length Milton's " Paradise Lost," with an introduction and than is usual in books of this class. They have been notes on the structure and meaning of the epic, has been compiled by Miss Sarah Louise Arnold and Mr. Charles edited for school and college use by Professor John A. B. Gilbert. The two volumes now published are de- Himes, and is published by Messrs. Harper & Brothers. voted, respectively, to American and English authors. The entire poem is included, as it should be, even for Word comes from abroad that Mrs. E. L. Voynich is students who have time to study but a portion of it. dramatizing her novel, “ The Gadfly," which has already The board of editors of the « American Historical reached its eleventh edition here. Mrs. Voynich will Review,” just completing its third annual volume, has have a rare opportunity for stage display, her scene effected an arrangement with the American Historical being Italy during the Austrian domination. Many of Association whereby, in return for a subsidy, the Review the episodes in her book could almost be acted as they > " > 52 [July 16, THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS. [The following list, containing 74 titles, includes books received by THE DIAL since its last issue.] stand, among them the appearance of the Gadfly with the gypsy girl at the reception in Florence, the passing of the mountebanks, the fight in the square of the moun- tain town, the scene in the prison between father and son, the military execution, and the great fête in the cathedral. We wonder how many of our readers know that Girard College has an endowment fund that gives it larger resources than are enjoyed by the wealthiest of our universities. The present value of its property is nearly twenty-seven millions of dollars, and one cannot help asking whether it is doing the work that might reasonably be expected from a capital so enormous. Those who are curious in the matter may find out just what it has done and is doing by reference to the recently published account of the “Semi-Centennial of Girard College." Besides the proceedings of this celebration, the volume contains a biography of Girard, a copy of his will, and other documents. It is edited by Mr. George P. Rupp, Librarian of tbe College. Karl Marx was a suggestive writer, no doubt, but his end Sie errone, PB. Zoe Bruce Wish. a theories on political economy were bristling with fallacy. For instance, he regarded labor and value as tantamount to the same thing. This and other errors in his reason- ing were exposed by Professor Eugen von Böhm- Bawerk, the Austrian Minister of Finance, in a treatise ostensibly published in honor of Professor Karl Kneis. But the treatise really amounts to a smashing refutation of the Marxian system, and is of cosmopolitan import- ance. Hence Miss Alice M. Macdonald has been at the pains to translate it in a volume entitled “Karl Marx and the Close of his System.” To it Dr. James Bonar has contributed an argumentative preface. The volume is published in this country by the Macmillan Co. The Oxford University Press has nearly finished printing the first part of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri, which is being edited by Messrs. B. P. Grenfell and A. S. Hunt for the Egypt Exploration Fund. The volume, which will appear at the end of the present month, contains 158 texts, 31 being literary, and including the early fragments of St. Matthew's Gospel, Sappho, Aristoxenus, Sophocles, and of other lost and extant classics. The remainder is a selection of official and private documents dating from the first to the seventh century of our era, many of them of exceptional interest. The texts are accompanied by introductions, notes, and, in most cases, by translations. There are eight collotype plates illus- trating the papyri of principal literary and palæograph- ical importance. The annual gathering of booksellers and publishers' representatives at Chicago, which has been held for several years past, is this year an event of more than usual interest to the trade. Most of the American bouses have forwarded exbibits containing sample copies of their publications for the inspection of their custo- mers, and a considerable portion of the Palmer House is converted into a book bazar for the occasion. Book- sellers from all parts of the West and South, and even from the Pacific Coast, make their annual literary pil- grimage to this unique book fair, which gives them an opportunity for inspecting and selecting stock such as they could not otherwise obtain. The advance copies and prospectuses of works in press make a good promise for the Fall season, and the reports of those in attend- ance are on the whole encouraging as to the conditions and prospects of the trade. The gathering is to continue through July and a part of August. BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS. The Cheverels of Cheverel Manor. By Lady Newdigate- Newdegate. With portraits, large 8vo, uncut, pp. 231. Longmans, Green, & Co. $3.50. Nelson and his Times. By Rear-Admiral Lord Charles Beresford, C.B., and H. W. Wilson. Illus. in colors, etc., 4to, gilt edges, pp. 232. London: Harmsworth Brothers, Ltd. $4. The Life of David Dudley Field. By Henry M. Field. With portraits, large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 361. Charles Scribner's Sons. 83. W.G. Wills, Dramatist and Painter. By Freeman Wills. With portrait, large 8vo, uncut, pp. 284. Longmans, Green, & Co. $3.50. Memories of a Rear-Admiral Who has Served for More than Half a century in the Navy of the United States. By S. R. Franklin. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 398. Harper & Brothers. $3. William Ewart Gladstone: His Characteristics as Man Statesman. By James . portrait, 16mo, Collections and Recollections. By One Who Has Kept a Diary. With frontispiece, 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 375. Harper & Brothers. $2.50. John and Sebastian Cabot, and the Discovery of North America. By C. Raymond Beazley, M.A. With portrait, 12mo, pp. 311. “ Builders of Greater Britain." Long- mans, Green, & Co. $1.50. Martin Luther, the Hero of the Reformation, 1483-1546. By Henry Eyster Jacobs. Illus., 12mo, pp. 454. Heroes of the Reformation." G. P. Putnani's Sons. $1.50. Gladstone the Man: A Non-Political Biography. By David Williamson. Illus., 12mo, pp. 127. M. F. Mansfield. 750. Daily Life during the Indian Mutiny: Personal Experi- ences of 1857. By J. W. Sherer, C.S.I. With portrait, 12mo, uncut, pp. 198. Macmillan Co. $1. Famous Authors of America. By Adella L. Baker. Illus. with blue-print portraits, 12mo, pp. 63. Syracuse, N. Y.: George A. Mosher. Paper, 50 cts. HISTORY. A History of the Art of War in the Middle Ages, from the Fourth to the Fourteenth Century. By Charles Oman, M.A. Illus, 8vo, uncut, pp. 667. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $4.50. The Empire and the Papacy, 918–1273. By T. F. Tout, M.A. Period II., with maps, 12mo, uncut, pp. 526. Mac- millan Co. $1.75. The History of English Democratic Ideas in the Seven- teenth Century. By G. P. Gooch, M.A. 12mo, uncut, Cambridge Historical Essays." Macmillan Co. $1.40 net. GENERAL LITERATURE. Pagan Papers. By Kenneth Grahame. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 192. John Lane. $1.25. Talks with Mr. Gladstone. By the Hon. Lionel A. Tolle- mache. With portrait, 16mo, gilt top, pp. 223. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.25. Interludes: Seven Lectures on Musical Subjects. By the late Henry Charles Banister; collected and edited by Stewart Macpherson. With portrait, 12mo, unout, pp. 229. Macmillan Co. $2. Capriccios. By Louis J. Block. 12mo, uncut, pp. 130. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25. Best Things by Chauncey M. Depow. Edited by John W. Leonard. Illus., 12mo, pp. 218. Chicago : A. N. Mar- quis & Co. $1.; paper, 50 cts. “Don't Worry" Nuggets : Selections from Epictetus, Emerson, George Eliot, and Browning. Compiled by Jeanne G. Pennington, 32mo, gilt top, pp. 79. Fords, Howard & Hulbert. 50 cts. NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE. The Yellowplush Papers, Samuel Titmarsh, The Great Hoggarty, Diamond, eto. By W. M. Thackeray. graphical” edition ; with Introduction by Anne Thackeray Ritchie. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, unout, pp. 649. Harper & Brothers. $1,50. pp. 363. "Bio- 1898.] 53 THE DIAL The Book of Leviticus: A New English Translation. By Rev. S. R. Driver, D.D., and Rev. H. A. White, M.A. Illus., large 8vo, pp. 107. The Polychrome Bible." Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25. The Sacrifice of Christ: Its Vital Reality and Efficacy. By Henry Wace, D.D. 18mo, uncut, pp. 93. Macmillan Co. 50c. SCIENCE. The Determination of Sex. By Dr. Leopold Schenk. Authorized translation ; 12mo, pp. 222. Werner Co. $1.50. International Folk-Lore Congress of the World's Colum- bian Exposition, Chicago, July, 1893. Vol. I., Archives of the International Folk-Lore Association. Edited by Helen Wheeler Bassett and Frederick Starr. With portraits, large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 512. Charles H. Sergel Co. The Study of Man. By Alfred C. Haddon, M.A. Illus., 8vo, pp. 410. “Science Series." G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2. Industrial Electricity. Trans. and adapted from the French of Henry de Graffigny, and edited by A. G. Elliott, B.Sc. Illus., 16mo, pp. 152. Macmillan Co. 75 cts. 3 66 ances. VERSE. Persephone, and Other Poems. By Charles Camp Tarelli. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 96. Macmillan Co. $1.25. Before the Dawn: A Book of Poems, Songs, and Sonnets. By Joseph Leiser. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 145. Peter Paul Book Co. $1. Under the Stars, and Other Songs of the Sea. By Wallace Rice and Barrett Eastman. 16mo, uncut, pp. 62. Way & Williams. Paper. Green Fields and Running Brooks. By James Whitcomb Riley. “Homestead” edition ; with frontispiece, 12mo, gilt top, ancut, pp. 217. Charles Scribner's Sons. (Sold only by subscription.) Jim Marshall's New Pianner, and Other Western Stories. By William Dovore. Illus., 12mo, pp. 128. M. Witmark & Sons. FICTION. Rupert of Hentzau: Being a Sequel to "The Prisoner of Zenda." By Anthony Hope ; illus. by C. D. Gibson, 12mo, pp. 386. Henry Holt & Co. $1.50. Regina; or, The Sins of the Fathers. By Hermann Suder- mann; trans. by Beatrice Marshall. 12mo, uncut, pp. 347. John Lane. $1.50. The Story of a Play. By W. D. Howells. 12mo, pp. 312. Harper & Brothers. $1.50. Kronstadt. By Max Pemberton. Illus., 12mo, pp. 367. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50. Comedies and Errors. By Henry Harland. 12mo, uncut, pp. 344, John Lane. $1.50. Arachne: A Historical Romance. By Georg Ebers; trang. from the German by Mary J. Safford. In 2 vols., 16mo. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50. Silence, and Other Stories. By Mary E. Wilkins. Illus., 16mo, pp. 280. Harper & Brothers. $1.25. Moriah's Mourning, and Other Half-Hour Sketches. By Ruth McEnery Stuart. Illus., 12mo, pp. 219. Harper & Brothers. $1.25. The Prisoner of Zenda. By Anthony Hope. New edition, illas by C, D. Gibson. 12mo, pp. 307. Henry Holt & Co. $1.50. Meg of the Scarlet Foot. By W. Edwards Tirebuck. 12mo, pp. 420. Harper & Brothers. $1.50. Leddy Marget. By L. B. Walford. 12mo, pp. 233. Long- mans, Green, & Co. $1.50. Bobbie McDuff. By Clinton Ross. Illus., 16mo, uncut, pp. 258. L. C. Page & Co. $1. Sons of Adversity: A Romance of Queen Elizabeth's Time. By L. Cope Cornford. Illus., 12mo, pp. 315. L. C. Page & Co. $1.25. Rod's Salvation, and Other Stories. By Annie Eliot Trum- bull. Illus., 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 285. A. S. Barnes & Co. $1. A Cape Cod Week. By Annie Eliot Trumbull. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 170. A. S. Barnes & Co. $1. Ghosts I Have Met, and Some Others. By John Kendrick Bangs. Illus., 16mo, uncut, pp. 191. Harper & Brothers. $1.25. John Ship, Mariner; or, By Dint of Valor. By Knarf Elivas. 12mo, pp. 304. F. A. Stokes Co. $1.25. Shifting Sands. By Frederick R. Burton. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 259. Rand, McNally & Co. $1. Cornell Stories. By James Gardner Sanderson. 12mo, pp. 251. Charles Scribner's Song. $1. The Day Breaketh: A Tale of Jerusalem and Rome in the Days of Christ. By Fanny Alricks Shugert. 12mo, pp. 291. Henry Altemus. $1. Some of Our People. By Lynn Roby Meeking. With por- trait, 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 196. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co. $1. She Who Will Not When She May. By Eleanor G. Walton. Illus., 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 140. Henry Altemus. $1. Stories by Foreign Authors. New vols.: German, Vol. II., Spanish, Vol. I. Each with portrait, 16mo. Charles Scribner's Sons. Per vol., 75 cts. THEOLOGY AND RELIGION. The Making of Religion. By Andrew Lang. Large 8vo, uncnt, pp. 380. Longmans, Green, & Co. $4. The Hope of Immortality. By the Rev. J. E. C. Welldon. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 350. Macmillan Co. $1.50. Faith and Doubt in the Century's Poets. By Richard A. Armstrong, B.A. 16mo, pp. 136. Thomas Whittaker. $1. NATURE. Nature for its Own Sake: First Studies in Natural Appear- By John C. Van Dyke. With portrait, 16mo, pp. 292. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50. POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC STUDIES. The Philosophy of Government. By George W. Walthew. 12mo, pp. 207. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25. Columbia University Studies. New vols.: Public Admin- istration in Massachusetts, by Robert Harvey Whitten, Ph.D.; German Wage Theories, by James W. Crook, Ph.D., The Centralization of Administration in New York State, by John Archibald Fairlie, Ph.D. Each large 8vo, uncut. Per vol., paper, $1. Municipal History and Present Organization of the City of Chicago. By Samuel Edwin Sparling, Ph.D. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 262. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin. Paper, 75 cts. Anti-Slavery Leaders of North Carolina. By John Spencer Bassett, Ph.D. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 74. Johns Hopkins University Studies." Paper, 50 ots. MEDICINE AND HYGIENE. Hay Fever, and its Successful Treatment. By W.C. Hollo- peter, A.M. Illus., 12mo, pp. 137. P. Blakiston's Son & Co. $1. net. Chavasse's Advice to a Mother on the Management of her Children. By George Carpenter, M.D. 12mo, pp. 435. George Routledge & Sons. $1. BOOKS FOR SCHOOL AND COLLEGE. Physiology, Experimental and Descriptive. By Buel P. Col. ton, A.M. Illus., 12mo, pp. 423, D. C. Heath & Co. $1.12. Handbook of Nature Study for Teachers and Pupils in Elementary Schools. By D. Lange. Illus., 12mo, pp. 329. Macmillan Co. $1. Stepping Stones to Literature. By Sarah Louise Arnold and Charles B. Gilbert. Reader for seventh grade and reader for higher grades ; each illus., 12mo. Silver, Bur- dett & Co. Per vol., 60 cts. MISCELLANEOUS. Our Modern Navy: Illustrations and Statistics of the Prin- cipal Vessels in the U.S. Navy. With details of other great navies of the world. 8vo, pp. 125. Rand, McNally & Co. Royal Academy Pictures, 1898. In 5 parts; each large 8vo. Cassell & Co. Per part, paper, 40 cts. Hints to Small Libraries. By Mary Wright Plummer. Second edition, revised and enlarged ; 12mo, pp. 68. Trus- love & Comba. 50 cts. courses. RIC ICHARD H. ARMS, A.B. (Harvard), Professional Tutor. Preparation for entrance to any college or scientific school. Also, special culture Address, 16 Astor Street, CHICAGO. AMERICAN SHAKESPEAREAN MAGAZINE. = $1.50 per Year; single numbers, 15 cts. ANNA RANDALL-DIEHL, Editor, 251 Fifth Avenue, New York City. LOWEST PRICES ON ALL BOOKS. A BI-MONTHLY. TEN CENTS A YEAR. EDWIN D. ROSS (Box 498) PHILADELPHIA. Correspondence Solicited. BOOKS. 54 [July 16, THE DIAL THE SINGER DURING THE SUMMER MONTHS Ladies find, as a light wrap, our beautiful and stylish AUGUSTE-VICTORIA Automatic Chain-stitch EMPRESS SHOULDER-SHAWLS most comfortable and convenient. They are hand-woven, of rich light Sewing Machine. green, delicate pink, recherché red, soft white or black wool and silk. (Sample threads of colors sent on request.). When ordering, state color wanted. Sent postpaid on receipt of $7.50. Check or money order Highest type for all purposes in which a payable to chain-stitch can be used. Owing to the simple The Susacuac Weaving Co., No. 12 Moravian Church Street, Bethlehem, Pa. design, the small number of wearing parts, and superior material and workmanship, it is IT REQUIRED several weeks of hard work to select our SUMMER STOCK. It would take you more than a day to of remarkable durability and efficiency. look through it carefully. We minimize the labor by draping all of the fancy cloths (cheviots, tweeds, and mixed worsteds) Especially distinguished for compactness, absolute so that the patterns can be seen at a glance. The 1200 patterns are arranged according to price. Suits $15, $20, $25, $28, $30, noiselessness, and light-running qualities. $35, $40, and $45. Each grade is displayed separately on one Adapted to a wide range of work, upon almost any or more tables. We cordially invite an inspection. variety of fabric. Its capacity under the arm is greater NICOLL THE TAILOR, than that of any similar machine. Corner Clark and Adams Streets, CHICAGO. The frame is cast in one piece, and is remarkably BATHROOM AND FLOOR TILING A SPECIALTY. rigid and free from vibration. The feed has a positive motion, and the length of stitch is easily adjusted with- PEERLESS MANTEL COMPANY out use of springs. No. 45 Congress St. (bet. State St. and Wabash Ave.), CHICAGO. The automatic tension always supplies exactly the correct length of thread for each stitch, and requires Live One Hundred Years! no adjustment. Drink Pure Water aerated with sterilized air - the only abso- lutely pure water - and you may. SINGER SEWING - MACHINES - THE SANITARY STILL for family use distills pure water. Made of copper, lined with block tin ; easily cleaned ; simple as a tea kettle; fits any gas, oil, coal, or wood stove. Four styles, $10.00 and upward. Write for booklet. THE CUPRIGRAPH CO., No. 129 North Green Street, CHICAGO, ILL. GARRETT NEWKIRK, M.D., DENTIST, 31 Washington Street, CHICAGO. T. S. E. DIXON. D. H, YLBTOHER. ARE BUILT ON HONOR, AND WEAR A LIFETIME. 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It shows more than that : the important fact that the United States to-day owes, if not its liberty, the full measure of its greatness to the navy primarily.. Maclay's 'History of the United States Navy' is the history of the importance of sea power to this nation."- New York Press. "This history of the navy is the best in print."-N. Y. Evening Post. THE STUDY OF THE CHILD. A brief treatise on the Psychology of the Child, with sug- gestions for Teachers. Students, and Parents. By ALBERT R. TAYLOR, Ph.D., President of the State Normal School, Emporia, Kangas. Volume XLIII., International Educa- tion Series. 12mo, cloth, $1.25. 1 " LATEST ISSUES IN Appletons' Town and Country Library. Each, 12mo, cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 cents. "In selecting books for summer reading one may always feel sure of getting something worth reading if they are Appletons' Town and Country Library." No. 246. THE QUEEN'S CUP. A Novel. By G. A. HENTY. The interest of Mr. Henty's brilliant novel is never in doubt. He has written a most engrossing romance of love, war, intrigue, and adventure which will enlist the immediate attention of those who look to fiction for recreation. “The Queen's Cup" seems certain to be one of the most successful of this popular author's novels. No. 245. THE LOOMS OF TIME. A Novel. By Mrs. Hugh FRASER, author of "Palladia," etc. In the prologue the author pictures some thrilling scenes of the Span- ish invasion of Peru. The vivid sketches of the Spanish attitude towards the natives are peculiarly suggestive. The main action of the story is modern, but the scene of the romantic and unexpected incidents of the tale is still among the foothills of the Andes. A search for gold, with its accompaniments of greed and crime, and a story of love play an important part in the unfolding of a tale characterized by absorbing interest. No. 244. THE MILLIONAIRES. A Novel. By F. FRANK- FORT MOORE, author of “A Gray Eye or So," etc. “There can be nothing but good will and praise for Mr. F. F. Moore's Millionaires.' He is a popular novelist, yet his stories are the solace of the wise and difficile. He is a wit, and a humorist to boot, yet the appetite of the general is not revolted by his caviare; and all his char- acterization is good. The Millionaires' seems to us the best of Mr. Moore's novels." - London Outlook. NEW OUT-DOOR BOOKS. FAMILIAR LIFE IN FIELD AND FOREST. By F. SCHUYLER MATHEWS. A Guide to a Knowledge of our Common Animals, Reptiles, Insects, and Birds. Uniform with Familiar Flowers, Familiar Trees,' and “Familiar Features of the Roadside.” With many illustrations. 12mo, cloth, $1.75. The great popularity of Mr. F. Schuyler Mathews's charmingly illus- trated books upon flowers, trees, and roadside life insures & cordial reception for his forthcoming book, which describes the animals, rep- tiles, insects, and birds commonly met with in the country. His book will be found a most convenient and interesting guide to an acquaintance with common wild creatures. THE ART OF TAXIDERMY. By John ROWLEY, Chief of the Department of Taxi- dermy in the American Museum of Natural History. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth, $2.00. Mr. Rowley has introduced new features into the art which have not been described in print before, and his book represents the latest ad- vances in taxidermy as an art and as a science. ON THE FARM. By F. W. PARKER and NELLIE L. HELM. Book II. of Uncle Robert's Geography. (Appletons' Home Reading Books.) Illustrated. 12mo, cloth, 42 cents net. Appletons' Guide Books. (REVISED ANNUALLY.) APPLETONS' GENERAL GUIDE TO THE UNITED STATES. Edition of 1898. With numerous Maps and Illustrations. 12mo, flexible morocco, with Tack, $2.50. (Part I., separately, New ENGLAND AND MIDDLE STATES AND CANADA; cloth, $1.25. Part II., SOUTHERN AND WESTERN STATES; cloth, $1.25.) APPLETONS' GUIDE-BOOK TO ALASKA. By Miss E. R. SCIDMORE. New edition, including an Account of the Klondike. With Maps and Illustrations. 12mo, flexible cloth, $1.00. APPLETONS' CANADIAN GUIDE-BOOK. By CHARLES G. D. ROBERTS. A guide for tourist and sportsman, from Newfoundland to the Pacific. With Maps and Illustra- tions. 12mo, flexible cloth, $1.50. APPLETONS' DICTIONARY OF “ GREATER” NEW YORK AND VICINITY. With Maps of New York and Vicinity. Square 12mo, paper, 30 cts. THE PLAY OF ANIMALS. By Karl Groos, Professor of Philosophy in the Univer- sity of Basel. Translated, with the Author's coöperation, by ELIZABETH L. BALDWIN. With a Preface and an Appendix by J. MARK BALDWIN. 12mo, cloth, $1.75. “In this volume Professor Groos makes a contribution to three dis- tinct but cognate departments of inquiry : philosophical biology, animal psychology, and the genetic study of art. Those who have followed the beginnings of inquiry into the nature and functions of play in the animal world and in children will see at once how much light is to be expected from a thoroughgoing examination of all the facts and observations recorded in the literature of animal life. This sort of examination Pro- fessor Groos makes with great care and thoroughness, and the result is a book which, in my opinion, is destined to have wide influence in all these departments of inquiry."- From the Editor's Preface. These books are for sale by all Booksellers, or they will be sent by mail, postpaid, on receipt of price, by the Publishers, D. APPLETON & COMPANY, 72 Fifth Ave., New York. THE DIAL A Semi.fionthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, 82.00 a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the current number. REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by express or poslal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; and SAMPLE Copy on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished on application. All communications should be addressed to THE DIAL, 315 Wabash Ave., Chicago. > No. 291. AUGUST 1, 1898. Vol. XXV. CONTENTS. PAGE A YEAR OF CONTINENTAL LITERATURE, I. 61 ENGLISH AND SPANISH SEA POWER. James Westfall Thompson 65 A GREAT AMERICAN LAWYER. Harry W. Reed 68 . LESSONS IN THE ART OF WAR. Williston Fish 70 71 . . 72 A YEAR OF CONTINENTAL LITERATURE. 1. Following our custom of past years, we pre- sent, in this and the following issue of The DIAL, a condensation of the annual summary of the literature of Continental Europe pre- pared for “The Athenæum ” by special con- tributors from the countries concerned. The articles upon which we have drawn are by Pro- fessor Paul Fredericq for Belgium, Professor V. Tille for Bohemia, Dr. Alfred Ipsen for Denmark, M. Brunetière for France, Hofrath Robert Zimmermann for Germany, Mr. S. P. Lambros for Greece, Heer H. S. M. van Wicke- voort Crommelin for Holland, Mr. Leopold Katscher for Hungary, Herr Christian Brinch- mann for Norway, Dr. Adam Belcikowski for Poland, Mr. Constantine Balmont for Russia, Don Rafael Altamira for Spain, and Herr Hugo Tigerschiöld for Sweden. The Italian summary is omitted for this year, owing to the fact that Commendatore Giacosa, who was to have written it, was prevented from completing his task by unavoidable demands upon his atten- tion. This general acknowledgment of the sources of the information in the present article, and the one to follow in our next number, will make further credit unnecessary; but we can- not fail to add a word of appreciation of the enterprise of our English contemporary in pro- viding these summaries from year to year, and of our indebtedness for the information which they contain “In France for some years past (writes M. Brune- tière] we have got into an annoying habit of considering as relevant to literature only collections of verse, novels, dramatic pieces, and occasionally studies in crit- icism or literary history. Many reasons might be given for this; the principal is that all the world considers itself fit to decide the value of a vaudeville or a novel; and, in fact, a novel or a vaudeville is addressed to all the world. In the second place, their only aim is to please.' The engrossing claims of art are more obvi- ous, more constantly in evidence here than in a book of history or philosophy for instance, and here no effort is made to teach the reader or improve his morals. No petty piece is played at the Alcazar or the Eldorado without finding the immediate support of twenty writers of feuilletons to criticize it. No novel by, say, M. Zola or M. Paul Bourget is published without being fully chronicled on the very day of its appearance. And in some journals at least, or in some reviews, if the poets 75 MEDIEVAL LAW AND POLITICS. Wallace Rice GUESSES AT THE RIDDLES OF SOCIETY. C. R. Henderson . Stuckenberg's Introduction to Study of Sociology.- Ward's Outlines of Sociology.-Mallock's Aristocracy and Evolution. — Mackay's State and Charity.- Strong's Twentieth Century City. RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne Davis's The King's Jackal. - Stockton's The Girl at Cobhurst. - Mrs. Atherton's American Wives and English Husbands. – Mrs. Dorr's In King's Houses. - Ross's A Trooper of the Empress.- Ross's Bobbie McDuff. – Hope's Rupert of Hentzau. — Pember- ton's Kronstadt. - Cornford's Sons of Adversity.- Francis's The Duenna of a Genius. – Nellie K. Blig- set's The Concert-Director. Maud Oxenden's A Reputation for a Song. — Moore's Evelyn Innes. - Crockett's The Standard Bearer.- Capes's The Lake of Wine. - Gissing's The Whirlpool. — Becke and Jeffery's The Mutineer. - Conrad's The Children of the Sea.- Conrad's Tales of Unrest. — Zangwill's Dreamers of the Ghetto.- Harte's Tales of Trail and Town. - Harland's Comedies and Errors. — Fuller's From the Other Side. — Sullivan's Ars et Vita. BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS A figure for the novelist. - Life and letters of a dig- tinguished English journalist. —Sidgwick's “Prac- tical Ethics." - A memorial of a man of culture.- The founding of the German Empire.— The grammar of English now in use. — American history told by contemporaries. — Studies in American literature. - Additional essays by Mr. Spencer. BRIEFER MENTION . LITERARY NOTES TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. LIST OF NEW BOOKS - 79 82 . 82 . . 83 . . 84 . 62 [Aug. 1, THE DIAL > > are infinitely less befriended than the novelists, yet they readers, and Heaven forbid that I should deny its sin- are spoken of and discussed. But the historians, the gular merit! It has life, youth, and gaiety, but for a scholars, the philosophers, are left in the cold." five-act piece in verse it lacks depth and originality The writer makes up for this neglect, as far as somewhat. This is not an essential point, and does not raise any question of art or groundwork. M. Rostand possible, by devoting his article very largely to is an admirable artist, and his present play marks a works that are not “ literature" in the narrow decided advance on his previous efforts. He must, how- sense. First of all, he discusses at length such ever, mould his verse to a more precious metal of more books as “ Esquisse d'une Philosophie de la homogeneity and strength.” ' Religion d'après la Psychologie et l'Histoire," Among the poets, the following volumes are by M. Auguste Sabatier ; “Le Catholicisme," the most important, although the best of them by M. Pierre Laffitte; “Le Cardinal Man. “lack not exactly originality, but personality": ning," by M. Francis de Pressensé; and “Le “Bois Sacré," by M. le Vte. de Guerne; “Jeux Congrès des Religions,” by M. Victor Char- Rustiques et Divins," by M. Henri de Kégnier ; bonnel. Of the last of these, he says: “ Au Jardin de l'Infante,” by M. Samain ; “ It is one of the most curious and interesting to be “ La Clarté de Vie,” by M. Francis Vielé- read anywhere, because M. Charbonnel seldom takes Griffin ; and “Poèmes Fabuleux," by M. Henri upon himself to speak; he leaves that to numerous cor- Ronger. Turning to the novels, only bare men- respondents consulted by him all over the world on the tion is made of Boisfleury,” by M. Theuriet; “ advisability of a Congress of Religions; and they have extremely divergent views on the question. But what Jacquine Vanesse," by M. Cherbuliez; “Sou- he has not seen is that if it is easy to make a Bud- tien de Famille," by Alphonse Daudet; “Com- dhist, a Mohammedan, a Christian, and a Freethinker plications Sentimentales,” by M. Bourget; and agree in certain common principles, it is done by ranking the “ Paris" of M. Zola. On the other hand, them as philosophers' or 'rationalists,' and not at all as faithful adherents to a communion." five novels are singled out for analysis, because they “ all mark what we call a date' in the All these books, he remarks, “point to the career of their authors.” They are “Le Man- undoubted conclusion that, for some time past, nequin d'Osier,” by M. France; “ La Cathé, in France as well as in Europe, more attention drale," by M. Huysmans ; " Les Déracinés,” “ than ever is being paid to religious questions, by M. Barrès ; " Le Désastre,” by MM. Paul above all in their connection with social ques- tions." The plays of the year also support this and Victor Margueritte; and “Le Ménage du Pastor Naudié," by M. Rod. conclusion, as may be illustrated by the “ Repas “Other novels worth notice are · Temple d'Amour,' du Lion,” by M. François de Curel; the by M. Rémy Saint-Maurice; Golo,' by M. Pol Neveux; “ Mauvais Bergers" of M. Octave Mirbeau ; • Devant le Bonheur,' by M. Jean Thorel; • La Confes- the “ Vassale ” of M. Jules Case; and the sion d'un Enfant du Siège,' by M. M. Corday; and the 6 Aînée" of M. Jules Lemaître. A great num- Saint Cendre' of M. Maindron. This last author, I ber of dramas in verse have also appeared, such warn the reader, is not for bread-and-butter misses. To write a history of the sixteenth century and to get as the “ Frédégonde” of M. Dubout, the thoroughly at home, M. Maindron has re-read Brantôme, “Cyrano de Bergerac" of M. E. Rostand, the one can see, and not forgotten him sufficiently." " Don Juan de Manara" of M. Haraucourt, Much interesting correspondence has appeared the “ Martyre" of M. Jean Richepin, and the during the year, notably the letters of Merimée, “ Ville Morte" of M. G. d'Annunzio. Balzac, Lamennais, Hugo, and Renan. Criti. “ The Ville Morte' is a poem in prose, in which cism and literary history are represented by a observations of a very subtle pyschology, realistic and symbolic by turns, are expressed in a language both great number of works, and we have space for romantic and precise. On the contrary, the Frédé- only a few of the more prominent titles. The gonde’of M. Dubout and the 'Martyre' of M. Richepin following seem particularly worthy of mention : are respectively pseudo-classic tragedy, and drama or “ Nevrosés,” by Madame A. Barine ; “ Ruskin melodrama of the false romantic sort, and the more artificial for the bias of realism exhibited by their au- et la Religion de la Beauté,” by M. Robert de thors. The first is taken from the · Récits Mérovingiens' la Sizeranne; “Ecrivains Etrangers," by M. T. of Augustin Thierry, the second from some nondescript de Wyzéwa ;“ Henri Heine,” by M.J. Legras ; confusion of the essence of Christianity with the pro- “Ferdinand Lassalle," by M. Ernest Seillière; fanest element in the passions of love. A similar com- bination is readily discernible in the Don Juan' of • Richard Wagner, Poète et Penseur,” by M. M. Haraucourt; the atmosphere is that of an ardent Henri Lichtenberger ; “La Philosophie de sensuality, also studied in the Passé ' of M. G. de Porto Nietzsche," by the same writer ; “La Poésie Riche." Italienne Contemporaine," by “Jean Dornis”; Of “Cyrano de Bergerac,” we read that “Choses et Gens d'Amérique,” by “Th. Bent- " Its success is, I have no doubt, known to most of my zon”; “La Fin du Classicisme dans les Der- + 6 6 1898.] 63 THE DIAL 65 nières Années du XVIIIe Siècle," by M. Louis “the Flemish Zola, who once again brings Bertrand; “ L'Elégie en France depuis Parny before us unabashed the crime and shame of jusqu'à Lamartine," by M. Henri Potez; the brutalized peasants and coarse poachers of “Drame Ancien, Drame Moderne," by M. certain parts of Flanders.” Dramatic litera- Emile Faguet; and M. Brunetière's own “Man- ture, also, shows signs of originality in such uel de l'Histoire de la Littérature Française." pieces as “De Bruid van Quinten Metsys” Finally, historical scholarship is represented (The Bride of Quinten Metsys), by Heer H. by such works as “ Voltaire avant et pendant de Marez; “ Koning Hagen,” by Heer Huibert la Guerre de Sept Ans,” by the Duc de Broglie; Melis; and “Starkadd,” by Heer Alfred Heg- “Histoire et Poésie,” by the Vte. E. M. de enscheidt. Vogüé; “Letters Inédites de Napoléon Ier," The most characteristic event of the Dutch edited by M. Lecestre ; “ Napoléon et la Fam- literary year is the appearance of the fourth ille," by M. Frédéric Masson ; “La Jeunesse and last volume of Professor H. P. G. Quack's de Napoléon,” by M. Arthur Chuquet; and “ De Socialisten." M. Renouvier's “ Philosophie Analytique de “ The author has devoted over twenty years to chroni- l'Histoire.” The article ends with the follow- cling the evolution of Socialism from Plato's time to ing suggestive paragraph : the present day. His aim is to describe and explain the historic phenoinenon of Socialism in the nineteenth cen- "I may say also that history is the gate by which tury, to urge upon the reader that this ideal is more ideas enter into literature. And, as I indicated at the than a passing error, and to depict the principal Socialist beginning of this article, it is not sufficient for a book thinkers of all times." to be full of ideas to be qualified as literature ': it must have some qualities of form and style which raise it Socialism, or at least sociology, seems to be the above its fellows. But it is not enough for its form to chief subject of the day in Holland, as is be original or exquisite: it must contain ideas, too! further evidenced by Mrs. Goekoop's “ Hilda Nothing is more generally admitted — in theory, at least, and discussion - and nothing is more forgotten by his- van Suylenburg," a plea in fiction for the eman- torians of literature, or less put into practice, than this cipation of women, Miss Helene Mercier's two-sided truism." “ Sociale Schetsen,” Dr. C. J. Wynaendts Belgium, as is well known, has two literary Francken’s “ Sociale Ethiek,” a collection of languages, and this year something must be “ Verzamelde Opstellen,” by the principal said of a third. The Belgian Germans who The Belgian Germans who Dutch advocates of socialism, and the poems of live on the frontier of Luxembourg and the the socialist editor, Heer Herman Gorter. Rhineland have begun a literary movement of Something of a surprise is the volume of Ver- their own which has resulted in the production zen” by Heer P. C. Boutens, a new writer. of a number of books, of which two noteworthy , by Heer Couperus ; * De Roman van Bernard Works of fiction include “ Psyche," a parable examples are “Ludwig Tieck als Dramaturg, by Herr Bischoff, and “ Die Kritik in der Bandt,” by Heer H. Robbers ; “ Het Eene Englischen Literatur des 17 und 18 Jahrhun- Noodige” (The One Thing Needful), by Miss derts,” by Herr Paul Hamelius. The Belgian Anna de Savornin Lohman; and “ Barthold French books of the year include a final volume Meryan,” a socialistic novel by Miss Cornelie of Laveleye’s “ Essais et Etudes "; a work on Huyghens. More serious works are the philo- the “Socialistes Anglais,” by M. P. Verhaegen; sophical “Studies” of Dr. F. van Eeden, the “Ce Que l'Inde Doit à la Gréce," by M. le “Gouden Eeuw" (Golden Age) of Dr. J. P. Comte Goblet d’Alviella ; a book on Wagner's Muller, and the “ Era of the Patriots,” by Dr. H. T. Colenbrander. “ Meistersinger," by M. Maurice Kufferath ; and “La Vie et l'Art en Autriche-Hongrie," The Spanish summary does not say a word by M. J. G. Fréson. There is nothing very about the present war, which would seem to be noticeable in poetry and fiction, although nu- non-existent as far as its effect upon the pro- merous titles are cited. Among the Belgian duction of books is concerned. History and Flemish books, on the other hand, several works the allied departments of knowledge still en- of pure literature are prominent. They are: gage the best intellectual energies of the Span- “Madeleine," by Miss Virginie Loveling ; iards, and of the many important works de- “ Wrakken ” (Wreck), by Heer E. de Bom; scribed a few must be named here. “ Aan 't Minnewater," by Heer Maurits Sabbe, “ The first place is due to the voluminous and inter- a decidedly taking sketch of the life of the esting collection of • Relaciones Geográficas de Indias,' inhabitants of Bruges ; and “Schoppenboer the opening volume of which appeared in 1881, the second in 1885, and the last two in 1897. Its import- (The Knave of Spades), by Heer Cyriel Buysse, ance lies in the fact that the immense majority of the 66 a 6 64 [Aug. 1, THE DIAL . - - H a In Greece, documents contained in it are official – that is to say, Psycharis ; “The Victory of Leonidas,” a com- papers from the earliest times of the discovery, drawn edy by Mr. Charalambos Anninos; and “Rhi- up by our navigators, explorers, and authorities in America by order of the kings and Council of the Indies gas," a tragedy by Mr. A. Provelegios. Two for the purpose of affording a knowledge in full detail volumes of poetry are the “Grave," by Mr. of the new countries, and furnishing in this way a founda- Kostis Palamas, and “ Songs of the Desert,” tion solid and positive for the governmental arrange-by Mr. Konstantin Hatzopulos. ments which were framed in Spain for the colonies.” Literary Hungary, according to its present Other historical works are “ Los Origenes del chronicler, is making gratifying progress. Justicia de Aragon," by Don Julian Ribera ; “We never had so many writers of all kinds as at • Alquimia en España,” by Professor Luanco; present. Our wealth of expression is increasing rapidly, and the first two volumes of a “ Historia Critica our language is daily becoming finer, richer, more varied, y Documentada de las Comunidades de Cas- and with the increase in the number of authors coincides tilla," edited by Señor Danvila. A great crit- an astonishing widening of the circle of readers. The beroes of the revolution of 1848, the jubilee of which ical edition of the works of Quevedo is well we celebrated a few months ago, could not have imagined under way. Fiction is represented by the “El that the sale of an Hungarian novel would ever reach Abuelo" of Señor Galdos, two small volumes 6,000 to 8,000 copies, or that an enormous work like the Pallas Great Lexicon,' the Hungarian Encyclopædia of stories by Don Juan Valera, “ El Saludo de Britannica which I bave already mentioned more las Brujas,” by Señora Bazán, and “ Figura y than once, and the sixteenth and concluding volume of Paisatje," a collection of tales by Señor Nar- which saw the light recently — would ever become a ciso Oller. “Poets continue to crop up in possibility, and obtain, as it did, a circulation of 30,000. Catalonia,” and “on the stage there is abso- Anyone who had ventured to predict a time when the lutely nothing new of any note to be chroni- aggregate issue of the metropolitan dailies would exceed 100,000 copies would have been ridiculed as a patriotic cled,” are the two most interesting of the items dreamer.” remaining to be quoted. While the national drama is in a state of decay, fiction and poetry flourish exceedingly. Besides “ The unfortunate war against Turkey has been pre- many short stories and lesser novels, two works judicial to the literary production of the twelvemonth. of fiction have made a great stir. They are It has led to various basty and inferior records of its “The Dawn Is Sure to Come," by Mr. Gyula history. The best historical work of the year is the • History of the Empire of Nicæa and the Despotism of Werner; and “The Immigrants," by Mrs. Epirus (1204_1261),' by Mr. Anton Miliarakis, who Szikra. The author of the latter book lashes is well known for a number of excellent works on geog- most severely the snobbism of the lower gentry rapby. His present subject deserves special notice, as of Hungary, who endeavour to intrude upon the it has not been treated by anyone since Finlay's time, aristocracy proper. She writes with a full whose work was then comprehensive, but it is not ade- quate now in view of the fresh material available. The knowledge of things and persons about these relation of Finlay to the history of the Empire of Nicæa adventurers without means and manners.” The is much the same as that of Fallmerayer to the History great poetical success of the year is Mr. Andor of the Empire of Trebizond,' his book with that title Kozma's “Satires.” “ This is a truly splendid being the best he ever wrote. But here, too, seventy production. Though bitingly sarcastic, these years have enlarged the material which the German historian used, and Mr. Tryphon Evangelides was happy timely verses are never really injurious. The in his choice of the same subject, in spite of the fact poet's art in mastering the most difficult forms that further unedited matter by Dr. Papadopulos Kera- of versification is admirable.” Other important meus and Professor Lambros is announced, but still books are « The Life and Work of Michael unpublished.” Munkacsy,” by Mr. Dezsö Malonyay; “ Trav- Other historical works are a “ History of Nau-els in the Caucasus,” by Count Jenö Zichy; plia from the Oldest Times to the Present Day," “ Adam Smith's System and Its Philosophical by Mr. Michael Lambrynides ; “ The Greek “ The Greek Basis,” by Mr. Akos Navratil ; " “The Social - Schools in Roumania," by Mr. Theodurus System of Thomas Carlyle,” by Mr. Eugen Athanasiu ; and “Foreign Rule and Kingship Gaul; a treatise on “ Art,” by “our foremost in Greece, 1821–1897," by Mr. George Phil. philosopher," Mr. Bernát Alexander ; and aretos. Miscellaneous literature is represented 1. The Fortunatus Legend in Literature," by by a work on Plato's “ Laws,” by Mr. Miltiades Professor Lázár. Lastly, the jubilee of 1848 Pantazis ; “Music among the Ancient Greeks has given rise to a number of important histor- and the Delphic Hymn to Apollo,” by Mr. ical books, such as Mr. György Gracza's " His- Themistokles Polykrates; “Sea Tactics of the tory of the Struggle for Independence,” Mr. Ancients,” by Mr. Konstantin Rados; “ The Jokai-Brody's “ 1848,” and Mr. Boross-Laur- Dream of Janniris," a novel by Mr. Johann encic's “ Album of the Struggle for Freedom.” a 1898.] 65 THE DIAL a commonplace, but one phase of it the dishe Francis Drake was the son of a Devonshire scrupulous enough to reject any means for which a re- The New Books. ligious sanction was not to be found. . . . The chaplain of Drake's ship . . . solemnly told him that it was law- ful to recover his losses upon the King of Spain; and ENGLISH AND SPANISH SEA POWER.* Bishop Jewell, we are told, had given to Elizabeth his opinion that to exact reprisals from the Spaniards would age be pleasing in of - location of the Spanish colonial empire by the farmer, and was born in the mid-years of the daring achievements of Raleigh, Grenville, English revolt against Rome. The seed of Drake, and Hawkins — has a peculiar interest Catholic hatred was in the family. In his boy- for us who are to-day watching the breaking hood, “ so clear was the issue, so intense the of the last link in the chain. Mr. Corbett's party feeling, that children forgot their games history of “Drake and the Tudor Navy” is, to play at politics. They snowballed the Span- , therefore, particularly apposite. In reading it | ish ambassador ; they fought mock-combats ne feels that the thought of the nation is the between Wyatt and the Prince of Spain, and thought of the race, and is conscious of the once were barely prevented from hanging the moral and racial connection between those cap- lad who played the part of Philip.” His father, tains then and these to-day. who had suffered in his fortunes, got a place Probably no spot on the surface of England among the seamen in the King's navy to read of equal area was so fertile in men of action prayers to them, and during his famous son's in the time of Elizabeth as Devonshire. The early years was stationed at Gillingham Reach, group of unforgotten beroes that issued thence just below Chatham, which was the eastern Hawkins, Drake, Raleigh — fung the En- headquarters of the navy. Here, “ where the glish flag around the globe, and, as one has old navy hulks were like playfellows, and the said, “hit, as with ceaseless lightning-strokes, river a taskmaster to be learned and humored," the ships and coasts and power of Spain.” The Drake got the first bent toward the sea which Elizabethau seaman was no mere sailor. He his kinship with Hawkins confirmed. When was of the age in which he lived, and was lifted he was eighteen he went with the latter as third up by large ideas and grand purposes. The officer of a ship to Biscay. Soon after, at a passion for adventure and discovery which led time which cannot be determined, and on an Frobisher into three vain voyages in search of unknown vessel, he shipped to the Indies. In the Northwest Passage, and sent Sir John Davis 1567 he joined Hawkins's third Indian voyage. on the elusive Cathayan quest, was only equalled On this expedition the affair of Nombre de Dios by English hatred of the Spaniard, whether as won him a command. A three-years independ- a cruel trader, a heartless colonist, or an inquis- ent voyage followed (1571-1574), during itorial fanatic. The mixture of these motives which Drake systematically rifled the towns of of the corsair and the theologian resulted in the Spanish Main. It was on this trip that that curious combination of Puritanism and from the ridge of the Cordilleras the first En- piracy which is a psychic feature of the epoch. glish eyes saw the wondrous waters of the South One of the most interesting paragraphs Mr. Sea open before them; and then it was that the Corbett has penned is this : ambition was born within him to circumnavi. “ To men who went to their Bible for their opinions gate the globe. But though Drake was the first as we go to our newspapers, the Papists easily became commander so to do (1577-1580), the great- Egyptians to be despoiled, Amalekites to be destroyed. It was a creed that came comfortably to a pirate, and ness of this feat lies rather in his marvellous yet it would be to misread the times to doubt that it seamanship, and as the prophecy of English was not also a real conviction. To the earnest, and colonial empire, than in rounding Cape Horn particularly the uneducated, Protestant, the Catholics and crossing the Pacific. In Drake's time the were idolators. For him the mass was an abomination, as honestly loathed as by earnest Catholics it was de problem of the navigation of the North Pacific voutly loved. The two sentiments are correlative, and had been solved, so that “this part of his feat," to ignore the force of the one is to underrate the depth as Mr. Corbett points out, “ can in no way com- of the other. Nor must we forget the large class that pare with Magellan's heroic venture across what stood between the two extremes of religious opinion,- a class of men ambitious of name and fortune, bent on was then an absolutely trackless waste." achieving their careers, and yet by instinct or education When one reads of the amazing difficulties which Drake met from storm and tempest off * DRAKE AND THE TUDOR Navy. With a History of the Rise of England as a Maritime Power. By Julian S. Corbett. the Straits, one can well believe that to English- In two volumes. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co. men the empire of the sea is given. Let Mr. 66 [Aug. 1, THE DIAL Corbett and the log of the Golden Hind tell of silver, besides jewels and plate. The effect the story of Drake's adventures off Cape Horn: of these daring enterprises upon the Spanish “ They were involved in a maze of tortuous channels colonies was great. Mexico, Central America, where, buffeted hither and thither by constantly chang- the west coast, were filled with alarm. Prayers ing winds that without warning swept down upon them were offered in the churches for deliverance in icy squalls from every direction, they were in contin- from Drake, and the Bishop of Guatemala ual danger of wreck. Above them frowned tiers of glaciers and peaks higher and more fantastic than they offered the provincial governor the bells of had ever seen. Below them were depths no cable could his cathedral to be melted down into guns. fathom. All the terrors of the abandoned passage Meanwhile Drake's sole thought was how to were about them, and they seemed at the mercy of get home in safety. He believed that there God. Still they struggled on, and by the seventeenth day had the South Sea before them. For two days was choice of four routes : one by the Moluccas they stood northwest . . . and the worst of their dan- and Cape of Good Hope ; one by the Straits of gers seemed past, when they were struck by a gale from Magellan — the way he had come; a third by the northeast which proved to be of a severity far beyond Norway, or “ The Northeast Passage” of Ca- anything they had ever heard of. "God,' says the Nar- rative, . by a contrary wind and terrible tempest, seemed bot's Muscovy Company; the fourth by the to set himself against us.' Day after day they drove in famous “Northwest Passage " which Martin snow and darkness to west-southwest before a storm that Frobisher lived for and Hendrik Hudson died continually increased in fury. To add to their terrors, for. But the Admiral at last concluded that at the end of a week there was an eclipse of the moon, safety advised the known Portuguese route, and a fortnight later, in the nighttime, the Marigold and so, after skirting the coast of North Amer- disappeared and was never heard of again. . . . By the end of the month they had been driven, as they calcu- ica beyond Cape Mendocino with no sign of lated, beyond the fifty-seventh parallel and some two the looked-for Straits, and having taken pos- hundred leagues to the westward. With October the session of California in the name of his Queen, weather slightly mended, and they managed to work back to the northeast, so that by the 7th they were able he bent his course straight for the East Indies. to anchor among some islands a little to the north of The immortal voyage of nearly three years the point where they had emerged from the Straits. It ended late in September, when the Golden was the first land they had seen since a month before Hind dropped anchor in Plymouth Sound. they had met the gale. Exhausted with their toil, they Knighthood was Drake's reward. were enjoying the prospect of riding out the storm in peace, when, a few hours after anchoring, a squall caught The great man returned at a welcome mo- them. The Golden Hind parted her cable, the Elizabeth ment, for early in 1580 the last of the Avis, had to slip hers, and though both vessels managed to the reigning house of Portugal, had died, and regain the open sea, they almost immediately lost sight Philip II. immediately laid claim to the throne of each other and never met again. . . . Meanwhile, in right of his wife. Protestant Europe was the Admiral was once more driven to the southward; nor was it until he had been carried as low as the fifty- aghast. The political situation was a crisis. fifth parallel that the terrific weather moderated. At “ If Philip had been formidable before, he was doubly this height he was able to run in among some islands; formidable now. Besides the whole of the East Indies, .. but even here they had but little rest. In two America, and the African settlements, he could claim days a renewal of the gale drove them from their an- all the Peninsula; of the Italian states, Sicily, Naples, chors, and increased to such violence that they regarded Sardinia, and the Duchy of Milan; and in the north, all their escape from the lee shore and the unprecedented of what is now Holland and Belgium. . . . To appre- seas as no less than a miracle. When it abated a little ciate the prominence into which the new situation ulti- they ran in again among some islands — probably in mately forced Drake, the position of other powers must Darwin Sound, not many leagues to the south of their be borne in mind. The Pope, between fear of the old former anchorage. But again the foul weather in- rivalry of a real empire and hatred of the heretic powers, creased. Tbe Golden Hind lost another anchor and must be practically neutral. France was equally incapa- cable, and once more Drake's consummate seamanship ble of action. She was at this time divided between the was like an interposition of Providence to save them. Valois king at Paris, representing the national Gallican A storm of such fury and persistence was beyond all Church, the Bourbon Henry of Navarre, head of the experience. The like of it,' says the Narrative, 'no Huguenots and champion of reformation, and lastly, traveller had felt, neither hath there ever been such a the Ultramontane Guises leaning on Rome and Spain. tempest that any records make mention of, so violent Germany was as much divided." and of such continuance, since Noah's flood, for it lasted It fell, then, upon England alone to face Spain's from September 7 to October 28—full fifty-two days.”” imperial designs and the counter-reformation. After these experiences, Drake, in a single Drake, appealed to by Walsingham, with ready vessel, continued his way northward, reaching wit recommended the seizure of the Azores; the Chilian and Peruvian coasts, and finally but the scheme failed because of Elizabeth's falling in with the treasure-ship of the viceroy false policy of mixing commercialism and pol- of Peru, laden with thirteen chests of pieces of itics. itics. She allowed the Muscovy Company a eight, eighty pounds of gold and twenty-six tons share in the enterprise, so that it degenerated 1 #la 3 6 ? 1898.] 67 THE DIAL - into a disastrous filibustering expedition. As periors, so that the official dispatches give lit- if to accomplish its ruin, Drake himself, much tle light concerning his work in those memo- to his disgust, was kept at home, “ because, in rable channel engagements, though we know view of the warlike outlook, it was thought he was not punished for his independence. unwise to let him leave the country.” But civil | The truth is, the great Admiral never could bonors — the mayoralty of Plymouth, member- work successfully under instructions, and the ship in the Royal Navy Commission, and finally red tape of officialdom in 1589, when the Lis- election to Parliament - were paltry rewards . bon Expedition was entrusted to him, brought for a man of action in those stirring times. him into disgrace. The loss of the Revenge At this point it is a matter of amazement to in the next year restored him to favor. For one unacquainted with the diplomacy of the some years he was employed on Parliamentary sixteenth century to be told that, in spite of commissions and on missions, and at last, in these years of privateering and reprisal by both 1596, again found himself in command of a Spain and England, the two powers were yet squadron. The objective point was Panama - technically at peace. Mr. Corbett has some still a virgin city. But times had changed in illuminating paragraphs upon the international the twenty years since Drake had reconnoitred law of the time. He says: it from the forest along the Isthmus road, and « The feature of international relations which most this neither the Queen nor Drake himself ap- sharply distinguishes the sixteenth century from our preciated. own time is the length to which hostilities could be “ In the failure to grasp that Spain had become a pushed without leading to an open rupture. Continually great sea-power, with a fleet in a constant state of prep- we encounter the phenomena of two powers standing aration, and admirals well practised in protecting large with regard to each other in a position that was neither numbers of ships, lay the fatal misconception that over- peace nor war. . . It was then in foreign affairs a hung the whole expedition." recognized proceeding for a sovereign to seek redress in one of the various forms of bostility which by the Elizabeth never gave the slightest evidence of consent of international lawyers were regarded as fall- grasping even the elementary principles of na- ing short of war." val warfare, and what England had achieved The incensed condition of the two nations, how- had been in spite of her. Of Drake Mr. Cor- ever, at last (in 1584) found vent. The ex- bett has something to say in palliation, for, pansive force of English commerce, the adven- with the knowledge at his command, the project was sound. The trouble was that he had been turous and militant spirit of the nation, and religious fervor, all combined for the inevitable kept out of touch with the enemy for five years, , duel. At this moment the Spanish monarchy and, moreover, naturally expected to repeat his was at its height. The acquisition of Portugal former triumphs. He could only judge by the by Philip had given him what he had long de experience of his first great expedition. Mis- sired- an Atlantic fleet; for hitherto, save the fortune attended the entire voyage, at Las galleons and frigates of the Indian Guard, the Palmas, at Guadeloupe, at Porto Rico. From Spanish king had no standing navy. More present evidence Spannish gunnery has wofully over, the latter, since they were maintained by declined since those days, for as the fleet made a special tax levied upon those merchants en- the harbor at Porto Rico, gaged in traffic, were not legally available for “The batteries opened so hot a fire that the surprise was on the part of the English, and as the Spanish the purposes of the Empire. gunners got the range the fire grew deadly. A shot In 1584, for the fifth time, Drake sailed on got home in the Defiance's mizzen, another crashed a two-years cruise to the Indies, harrying the through her main cabin where Drake and his officers Spanish coast on the way out, and relieving were sitting at supper, and with disastrous effect. The Admiral had his seat shot from under him; Sir Nicho- las Clifford and Brute Brown, a great favorite of Drake, moved fast with him now. In 1587 he was ac- were mortally wounded, and several others more or less tive in new depredations on the Spanish ooasts, hurt." which he described as “ singeing the King of Worst of all, Drake, in his own words, had Spain's beard.” In 1588 English naval prowess “ hardly any time left to serve God.” He was • reached its height in the defeat of the Spanish ill to death of dysentery, but the brave spirit Armada, though Drake did not play the most in him would not yet down. Nombre de Dios, prominent part in those stirring events. Like the scene of bis earliest exploits, La Hacha, Nelson, Drake was great enough to disobey and Santa Marta were successfully attacked, orders at times when his judgment advised. as if in amends for earlier disaster. But the This conduct not unnaturally angered his su- heaviness increased upon him, and on January - Raleigh's Virginia colony on the return. Events 68 [Aug. 1, THE DIAL - . 27, 1597, Francis Drake died and was buried the many questions involved, and his under- at sea off the coast of Honduras. standing of the great lawyer's purpose, indicate Yet his work died not with him. Drake frequent conferences between the men, and a was more than “a daring navigator and a close bond of confidence and affection. prince of corsairs of whom England is half Before Mr. Field's death in 1894, at the age ashamed to be proud.” It was he whose pre- of almost ninety years, he bad long been recog- science saw the importance sea-power was to nized as one of the greatest men in his profes- have upon his country's history. He was a sion. He loved the law. He had mastered its statesman whose thought and achievement has principles. He had been eminently successful. made him one of the conscious creators of His practice was large and lucrative. But he Greater Britain. The British Empire is his saw its faults both in expression and practice. monument, as it is Clive's and Nelson's and During the best years of his life he wrought Canning's. for the reformation of the law itself. He be- In praising the Admiral, a word in praise lieved that it should be administered with less of his historian must not be withheld. Mr. of process, in order that men might have its Corbett has done his work so well that it would help with less of delay and at a minimum cost. seem no manuscript has been left untouched. Mr. Field was led to this great object of his Black-letter tomes from the Records and Rolls life by seeing the possible injustice of legal Office, the treasures of the British Museum, proceedings. Even to those outside the profes- state documents, Spanish, Dutch, and French sion the words “ law and equity " are perfectly archives, and family papers, — all have been familiar. We would suppose that the terms searched and compared by a practised student. refer to such laws as shall secure what every- The specialist will rejoice in the technical ac- one sees to be equitable. But not so. Equity count of the development of naval art in the may manifestly point one way, while the law sixteenth century, and the initiated will find may be directly opposed to this. Lord Chan- in these two volumes a mass of supplemental cellor Westbury, speaking before the English information upon the politics of the time, its Law Amendment Society, revealed the condi- statecraft and diplomacy. tions when he said that it was " a shame that JAMES WESTFALL THOMPSON. a party could recover a judgment on one side of Westminster Hall, and on the other be branded as a rogue for having recovered it." The more thoroughly he considered “the A GREAT AMERICAN LAWYER.* body of common law," and its methods of pro- Circumstances sometimes make men : some- cedure, the more of injustice he beheld. Com. times men make circumstances. The man with mon law! What is it? Not, as some suppose, an idea fulfils this latter principle. He sees its those rules founded on the great basal princi- efficacy, and allows nothing to hinder him. ples of justice, commonly held among men as Toil and sacrifice, even contempt and antago- universally right. These would certainly win nism, have no weight. He pushes on to suc- and retain our regard. But no, not this. Com- cess. He leads human thought, and leaves his mon law is only common usage. It is not a impress upon human life. compilation of the laws enacted by legislatures, Το say that these words describe the career but consists of precedents, — the decisions of of David Dudley Field would be much easier judges, some of them wise, some otherwise ; than to give an exact picture of his life's pur- some weak, some wicked. Is it Is it any wonder pose and achievement. But it was the desire that a lover of justice should be dissatisfied to give just such a picture that prompted Mr. with such a system? Mr. Field would not Field's brother, Dr. Henry M. Field, to write destroy law because he did not like it, but would the noble biography now presented to us. No No improve it because he so loved it. And so, one could be better fitted for this work, for from 1839, for fifty-five years he devoted bim- perhaps no one else knew his brother so well; self to this great task. Through his efforts and although the editor speaks of himself as the legislature in New York, in 1847, appointed "a layman,” his lack of technical legal knowl. a commission, of which he became chairman, to edge is more than compensated by the acquired present codes of civil and criminal procedure. literary skill of many years. His mastery of These were completed in 1850, and covered the * THE LIFE OF DAVID DUDLEY FIELD. By Henry M. whole ground of remedial law. The work had Field. With portraits. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. fallen almost entirely on Mr. Field, but such 24 > * 1 , > 1898.] 69 THE DIAL was his eagerness for the cause that he cheer- in New York City. And even in Singapore fully assumed the burdens. and Hongkong he saw justice administered The successful working of the reform meth- according to statutes which he had worded. ods in New York led other States to adopt A still larger conception presented itself to Mr. Field's codes. And the influence was not him. It was nothing less than the codification confined to this continent. English statesmen of international laws. His interests were saw the benefits, and immediately sought to world-wide. In his travels in every land he had profit from Mr. Field's work. Then he deter- become intimately acquainted with the states- mined to go still farther, even to the reforma- men of the world. In this new undertaking he tion and codification of the whole body of com- found an interest already existing, but no one mon law; to throw out what was needless and ready to assume the task. He had already manifestly unjust; to put desirable decisions reached an age when most men plan to make into simplest and best possible language, and their work easier ; but with a great thought to reduce into a written and systematic code before him, and with the encouragement of the the whole body of the law.” The New York world's legal thinkers, he began a work so vast Legislature, in 1857, appointed commissioners that even with skilled assistance it required to perform this work, but allowed no compen- seven years of unremitting toil before he could sation in any way. “The law was to be made produce his “ Draft of Outlines of International so plain that every man could understand it, Law.” It was not a final statement, for he felt and so obviously just that all should approve that International Law was progressive; but it it.” In this work Mr. Field had the partial was a good foundation, and strengthened an assistance of the other commissioners, but the international sentiment. greater part of the work and the expense de- Mr. Field was interested in all public mat- volved upon him. Day and night he worked ters, wherever men live. The previously un- with a persistence almost incredible, until, in written history of Lincoln's first nomination 1865, on his sixtieth birthday, the last report shows Mr. Field as a power among ambitious was made to the legislature. The codes for and contending forces, and tells us who really New York had been written. The civil code, gave us our great War President. His partici- the penal code, and the political code give the pation and leadership in the peace parliaments substantive law. Two others, the codes of civil in different lands reveal his influence and his and of criminal procedure, prescribe the prac- purpose. Only once did Mr. Field hold public tice of the courts and define their jurisdiction. office, and then for only two months, to fill an Thus, for nearly eighteen years had Mr. Field unexpired term in Congress, while the Electoral labored, and at last the great work was ready Commission was at work in 1876. At no time for use. did he occupy the Judge's bench ; such honors One would suppose that common sense would he left for others, while he devoted himself to dictate an immediate adoption of such an im- bis chosen task of the revision and classification proved formulation of laws and methods. But of the laws. to-day, after thirty-three years, New York State This is but a part of the record which Dr. has only partially adopted them, - not because Field has given of his distinguished brother's of imperfections, but because there are men Such a life-story, told in such a way, small enough, and yet with enough of influence, should be of interest, not only to members of to hinder the adoption of codes which would the bar, but to thinking men and women in simplify the processes of law, and make less every walk of life. HARRY W. REED. work for lawyers. The task, however, was not in vain. Other The following extract is from a letter recently written States have seen the advantages which Mr. by Mr. Henryk Sienkiewicz to Mr. Curtin, his English Field's own State has neglected ; so that, at the translator : “I receive a multitude of letters from present time, it is estimated that forty millions America. In a few weeks upward of two hundred and of American citizens are enjoying the help seventy have come to me, and eight or ten new ones arrive every day. These letters are so many in num- which Mr. Field's work made possible. En. ber that in view of my work and family afflictions I gland also has been helped. English colonies have been unable to answer them. I shall send replies the world over have incorporated these reforms. to all those letters, but not till I bave finished The While travelling in India he was surprised to Knights of the Cross.' That work done, I shall take up at once the letters sent me from America, for that coun- find courts of law working under rules which try and the people who are masters of it are to me truly he had written, word for word, in his library and profoundly sympathetic.” career. a 5 70 [Aug. 1, THE DIAL student. He does not believe in learning the LESSONS IN THE ART OF WAR.* dry formulas and rules of the books which, “ Letters on Strategy,” by Prince Kraft zu after all, teach one very little about war and Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, is published in the En- only give him a distaste for the subject. But glish “Wolseley Series" of military books. The having discarded the learning of the books, he work is translated into straightforward, idio- does not delight the student by saying that matic, military English ; the editor is Captain there is little left to learn : on the contrary, he Walter H. James of the English army. It is says that only the study and the experience of in two volumes which are excellently printed, years will make a fair general officer, or an and the elaborate maps and plans are carefully efficient staff officer. Prince Kraft shows that drawn. the knowledge which largely goes to make the The letters do not treat of abstract rules of strategist is the knowledge of almost countless strategy, but deduce their lessons from actual details. Napoleon excelled in this sort of knowl- campaigns. The campaigns considered are the edge. Genius without the knowledge of these Napoleonic campaign of 1806 against the Prus- details would be helpless. sians, which ended in the battle of Jena; the Certainly Germany, which called itself “The campaign of 1859 in Italy, in which the last Nation in Arms,” has gone a long way towards Napoleon fought the Austrians under Gyulai; discovering what are the secrets of military and the campaigns of the Franco-Prussian War success. The best energies of its best men have in 1870. been given to the study of this question. In As the reader interested in military studies this important time in our own country, when knows, the late Prince Kraft was the author of every day witnesses the appointment of civil- . several highly valued works on military sub- ians and other inexperienced men to staff posi- jects. Among our own army men his “ Con- tions in our army, I cannot forbear quoting versations on Cavalry” is held in high esteem. what one of the best of these German authori. Captain James says of Prince Kraft: ties says as to the necessary technical knowl- "He was not only known as one of Prussia's ablest edge of the staff officer: soldiers, but also as one of the best of German military “ A good strategist requires a vast amount of knowl- authors. During the wars of 1866 and 1870 he com- edge. Not only must he be acquainted with the organ- manded the artillery of the Guard (an army corps of ization of his own and foreign armies, he must be three divisions), and in the latter part of the Franco- thoroughly up in the proper mode of issuing orders, Prussian war he directed the artillery operations against instructions, and march tables: he must know all about Paris.” marches, camping, cantonments and bivouacs, lines of So much for an introduction to a work which communication and supplies, besides what is wanted needs nothing more than an introduction. The with regard to weapons, ammunition, and clothing. He present reviewer has given these “Letters on must be able to make military sketches and to recon- noitre, be well posted in all matters concerning fortifi- Strategy” great attention, and it seems to him cations and fighting, understand the management of that there is no other work with which he is telegraphs and railways, and the transport of the acquainted, however great the military genius wounded. He must be well acquainted with statistics, of its author, that will set the student better in so as to know the capabilities of a country, and the num- ber of troops it can maintain, and should be sufficiently the way of learning the art of strategy. Prince well up in civil administration to be able to rule a con- Kraft studied the art of war under the old quered country until the regular civil officials can take masters; he lived his life in the army; he bad over this duty. He must be able to judge the carrying vast experience in war; evidently his mind was capacity of a railroad and appraise the power of resist- absorbed in his profession, and certainly he ance of a fortress, having regard to its position, con- struction, and garrison.” was a gallant soldier. He knew the dangers of war, and liked them for the honor there was in In the present war our national existence is braving them. Fortunately, so good a soldier not at stake, to be sure, and we shall be vic- possessed also the rare art of the teacher. No torious whoever are our staff officers; but if technical book could be more pleasantly written. our country is not at stake, the lives of our In the first place, Prince Kraft does away countrymen are, and certainly when our coun- with abstractions, and with the numbered rules trymen go out to fight and risk their lives for and their unnumbered exceptions which, he us we should not, by the appointment of ineffi- says, used to put him to sleep when he was a cient staff officers, make their fight any harder or their risk any greater. On every page of * LETTERS ON STRATEGY. By General Prince Kraft zu Hobenlohe-Ingelfingen. In two volumes, with maps. “Wolse- these two volumes by Prince Kraft he shows ley Series." New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. how good or evil came from the work of the a 1898.] 71 THE DIAL staff. Anyone reading these volumes will hope the establishment of modern methods of legis- that before another war, before another cam. lation and government. paign in this war, army appointments may be In the late Professor von Ihering's “ The forever cut loose from politics and favoritism, Evolution of the Aryan," an admirable exam- and that the appointing power may appreciate ple of close argument from historic law to pre- its serious duty - its duty as serious as life - historic custom is to be bad, wherein seemingly and death, its duty which is bound up with its inexplicable matters in the lex scripta are at honor - to appoint over our brave soldiers the last compelled to unfold themselves in a pan- best military men that the country affords. orama, dimly lighted but not indistinct, of A very instructive matter that Prince Kraft national happenings in the days of demigods. notices in every war he writes of is the influence This monumental work is the evolution of the of politics. In each war, politics was, on one Aryan in a double sense: it is the latest pro- side or the other, a cause of disaster. It is only duct in the process of evolution of the methods by sheer luck that popular demand as to mili- made most familiar to us through the writings tary movements is not wrong. In 1870 Mo- MC- of Sir Henry Maine. Mr. Jenks has not pro- Mahon was driven by the Paris newspapers and gressed so far, nor are his pretensions so great. the Chamber of Deputies to take a step contrary There is nothing in his ratiocination which to military reason. It was a step bound to fail. makes us involuntarily exclaim in admiration, It ended in the battle of Sedan. as in the elder work. He is more cautious, and Prince Kraft was a firm disbeliever in coun- does not find it needful to pass some of his cils of war. He believed that these councils were topics on the run, as it were, in his haste to bad in every way. In the campaign of 1806, illumine a vast area with facts which at best the combined plan of all the generals was worse are dim. If he is less clever, he is still original; than the poorest plan proposed by any of them. though his work is only one of many, filling a To show the perfection to which the German necessary place with credit if not with distinc- commissary department attained, the author tion — a step towards the goal, if not the goal states that during the great war he recalls only itself. It may be that no one will ever do more two days when the men did not have proper than round out von Ihering's work where his rations. Those were the days of the battles of lamented death left it confessedly incomplete; St. Privat and Sedan. There is no reason why it is a certainty that Mr. Jenks's study will find we cannot do as well. some of its conclusions embodied in some mas- If these books could be widely read they terly consideration of the question of the ob- would do much towards teaching what are the scuration of his own place as an investigator. duties of soldiers, officers, generals, legislatures, “ It aims to deal only with conduct, not with newspapers, and cabinets in war, and in pre- speculation ; with action, not with thought,” he paring for war. “ It should be further con- WILLISTON FISH. says of his work. fessed that the book makes no pretence of severe scholarship," he adds. We hasten to supplement these explanations with comment of our own : it leaves established in a manner both MEDIÆVAL LAW AND POLITICS.* clear and comprehensive the simple thesis which A more inclusive title than that Mr. Jenks he sets out to demonstrate, “that law, at any has chosen for his “ Law and Politics in the rate in the Middle Ages, is not the arbitrary Middle Ages” would be difficult to find. Yet command of authority, but something entirely such a careful study of the book as its merit different.” warrants will prove the exactitude of the title. Palpably , this is a flight in the face of Aus- The work is not, however, a complete history tinian dogma. In Germany, where the multi- of mediæval times, which is fairly implied in plicity of special students in all fields of thought words so comprehensive as law and politics - leave conflicting theories in nearly all of them, this would be to assign to them a quantitative, a clash of authorities from which the final when they are to be taken in a qualitative spark of truth is to leap, it is a comparatively sense ; but rather an inquiry into the origins light matter to dispute the conclusions of any and natures of the laws and politics of Western thinker, however profound — sometimes it is a Europe between the break-up of Roman and mere question of marshalling the appropriate In * LAW AND POLITICS IN THE MIDLE Ages. By Edward monographs on the subject in opposition. Jenks, M.A. New York: Henry Holt & Co. England, where the national love for precedent > 72 [Aug. 1, THE DIAL a > and authority is frequently overwhelming, the GUESSES AT THE RIDDLES OF SOCIETY.* skilful limitation of Professor Austin's famous definition is to be imputed to Mr. Jenks both Mr. J. H. W. Stuckenberg, the author of an “In- for courage and zeal for truth. Yet his rea- troduction to the Study of Sociology," declares his soning, always cogent, is by no means startling purpose to be to lay the basis for sociological study, to designate the problems involved, and to aid the in either premises or conclusion. The Austinian beginner in the solution of these problems.” His theory, that “ law is a command of the State," book is designed for use among professional men, is found to fit affairs very well indeed when in private students, and classes in educational institu- that condition we call“ final” because our own tions. The first chapter is devoted to the “genesis notions have not advanced beyond it. But it But it of the idea of society,” the various attempts to found fails us when we inquire into the beginnings of a science of sociology. After Comte, only a few things. Something even more remote than works are mentioned, and these very briefly. Then of Blackstone's definition of custom is implied, follows a discussion of the definition and scope and here is to be sought the seed of the lex non sociology. The subject-matter of sociology is every scripta. Mr. Jenks brings this out clearly. what associates men, what creates society, and the kind of human association, the association energies, The law, national, and the politics, interna- results of association. Excluded from sociological tional, are shown by him to be matters not of study are metaphysical problems, as materialism and command but of determination. Given a state- spiritualism; biology; the theory of evolution; psy- ment of facts, and there was always a condition chology, save as an instrument of research; theology: of law to meet it, crude and plastic it may be, A protest is entered against attempting to expand but still enough to limit the labors of courts, economics or politics over the field of sociology: councillors, and kings to ascertaining and re- “ in one case society is reduced to industrialism; and cording it — they do nothing more than mint in the other, to a political institution.” Theoretically the gold they mine, leaving its value unchanged lead to intellectual bias and to actual injury. “By and practically, both tendencies are pernicious, and though more readily ascertainable. To follow Mr. Jenks into details, especially humanity, we at best get only separate sciences of grouping the various disciplines which pertain to in his vivid presentment of the contractual idea certain human factors, as economics and politics ; in its later developments, is to fail to interest but this leaves society itself without a science." the general reader, though his conclusions are In the “ Principles of Society” we are asked to important to the special student. To the latter consider “ all that must be in order that society may it may indeed be highly commended, not least be.” The author declares that “ every effort to because it serves to show how assured a place interpret society as composed of individuals has Yet that is the universal is held by the administration of justice in proved a signal failure. English-speaking lands, its roots being deeply conception of society. : . Strictly speaking, indi- planted in the very genius of the people evolved viduals are aggregated, never associated.” He ad- mits that this is a private and original judgment, by long habitudes, its trunk being an orderly and that the dictionaries are against him. Perhaps and regular progression, free during many cen- bondage to traditional and customary modes of think- turies from arbitrary disturbance, its branches ing of society as composed of real people, makes one flourishing in an atmosphere of slow but effi- obtuse ; but the sentence quoted will be a hard say- cient adaptability. That the ripened product ing to many, and the author struggles all through of such a growth should be rather the holy the book to explain and enforce his idea. Society fear of injustice than a desire to measure out is said, further, not to consist of individuals in their exact retribution, is the crowning glory of it totality, but only so much of each individual as all — though Mr. Jenks does not say so. actually enters society (pages 118, 119). What the members of a society have in common, the purpose WALLACE RICE. of the association, what they share, constitutes the association. This conception of a part of a person Since the withdrawal of Signor Crispi from the Ital- ian Cabinet, he has been occupied with the compilation of joining a club and leaving the major part of his bis memoirs in nine volumes of some four hundred pages es *INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF SOCIOLOGY. By J. H. each, which are shortly to be published. The first will W. Stuckenberg. New York: A. C. Armstrong & Son. deal with the causes of disruption between himself and OUTLINES OF SOCIOLOGY, By Lester F. Ward. New York: Mazzini; the second with the subject of Italian unifica- The Macmillan Co. tion and Sicilian autonomy; the tbird and fourth with ARISTOCRACY AND EVOLUTION. By W. H. Mallock. New the documentary history of the Sicilian revolution prior York: The Macmillan Co. to annexation to Italy; and the remainder will contain THE STATE AND CHARITY. By Thomas Mackay. New the domestic and diplomatic history of Italy since 1860, York: The Macmillan Co. giving in detail the author's attitude towards the Triple The TWENTIETH CENTURY City. By Josiah Strong. Now Alliance. York: The Baker & Taylor Co. 1898.) 73 THE DIAL - > : substance elsewhere, or locked in the secret abysses Clearness, downright honesty, and straightfor- of his inner consciousness, will stagger some begin- | ward purpose to report the mind of the writer, char- ners. The proper materials of sociology are not acterize the “ Outlines of Sociology,” by Dr. Lester men, but “social energies.” Money (p. 124) is F. Ward. The discussion is not adapted to juvenile called a social force. minds, but it should be clear to any mature student The author introduces the word “Sociation to who has had a good college course and some first- designate those personal forces which interact be- hand acquaintance with scientific modes of thought. tween men,- what men share, what associates. He The classification of the sciences offered by Comte claims that all men have reserves which are never is accepted, with explanations, as substantially valid, drawn into this union, never form a part of the - astronomy, physics, chemistry, biology, and soci- essence of society. “ The beginner may find it dif- ology. A distinct place should be given to psychol- ficult to treat society as a system of forces; but ogy immediately next to sociology. A place is given practice will overcome the difficulty, and he will to political economy as a branch of sociology, sub- soon wonder how he could ever imagine that society stantially as defined by John Stuart Mill, one of the consisted of individuals as totalities, instead of the greatest economists, who said of his special subject : social energies of individuals” (p. 136). The author “ It does not treat of the whole of man's nature as himself seems to find it difficult to do what he pre- modified by the social state, nor of the whole conduct seribes for beginners, for he says (p. 245): “Hu- of man in society. It is concerned with him solely as man beings really associated, whether consciously a being who desires to possess wealth, and who is ca- , or not, that is the fundamental concept of society.” pable of judging of the comparative efficacy of And again (p. 247): "Men with their attachments means of obtaining that end.” Mill formulated are the social factors in which the social energies the essential problems of sociology before Comte inhere." Under the title “ Historical Evolution invented the now accepted title of the discipline. the various social forces are enumerated and their Sociology does not rest directly, but only indirectly, functions defined, but there is very scant unfolding on biology. The analogies of Mr. Spencer are crit- of the laws of the process. There is a long criticism icized, and a true “ homology” is found by compar- of Mr. Spencer's formulas. “Sociological Ethics" “Sociological Ethics” ing the nervous system with the central organi. deals with the ends of society and the means of zation of society. Anthropology has for its task the realizing them. “Social ethics purposes to give a study of the concrete facts of human nature and system of social morality; in sociological ethics we man's works ; it is a branch of zoology in which aim to give the principles of social progress man is the subject studied. Sociology employs the (p. 208). Very brief treatment is given to the social data furnished by anthropology in its investigation ideal, and to the means of progress. of the laws of association. Man was not at first a The teacher will be interested in the author's social being, and is not entirely socialized yet. So- method in the study of sociology. This method eon- ciety is an artificial acquisition, while animal asso- sists in the discovery of the principles, of the evola- ciation is instinctive and natural. tion of social energies, and of the ideals and means The relation of sociology to psychology is most of progress. A brief bibliography is supplied, and important to study. Psychology embraces the en- at the close a plan for the study of a community is tire field of psychic phenomena, which are divided furnished. The author has read widely, travelled by the author into sense and intellect, the word far, lived long in Europe, and gives to his readers sense being synonymous with feeling in general. many suggestions drawn from reflection and obser. The will is the active expression of the feelings. vation. The trained student may read the book with Intellect is simply a means to the end; the end is real hope of stimulation and of gaining new points the good; and the good " is nothing else than agree- of view. The vision of life is lofty, ethical, and able sensation.” The ethical end is “ to secure the spiritual. But the book is not for beginners, and maximum of absolute enjoyment." The problem of the contributions offered to the discussion are open ethics is " to secure the greatest pleasure. . . . The to severe criticism. There is no attempt to throw relative worthiness of pleasure is, therefore, ulti- light on current and concrete problems, or to attain mately based on the quantity of pleasure yielded. general laws. The recommendations of books heap It is this and nothing else that is meant when virtue titles together without clear discrimination, the is enjoined and vice condemned" (pp. 100-101). powerful masterpieces being classed with very infer- The author is frankly a Hedonist. Not only T. H. ior works, with no hint of the vast difference between Green and all the Kantians and idealists, but even them. It is questionable whether the pedagogic Shelley, are set down as victims of mere mysticism. method is at all suitable for young students ; and in These lines of Shelley would be repudiated : this respect most teachers will feel that the last “Were it virtue's only need to dwell chapter should be first and much enlarged. The In a celestial palace, all resigned teacher should be familiar with the subjects of the To pleasurable impulses, immured Within the prison of itself, the will earlier chapters, but the pupil should start with the Of changeless Nature would be unfulfilled. last subject mentioned, with the plan of a commu- Learn to make others happy. Spirit, come! nity or with definite problems or situations which This is thine high reward." will at once engage his voluntary attention. The author places intellectual pleasures above 74 [Aug. 1, THE DIAL The social mechanism means the social Mr. Mallock is a bright man and a delightful those of altruism (p. 104). The object of Nature passages in Mr. Benjamin Kidd, but Schaffile, whose is function; the object of man is happiness ; the "authorities” resemble Mr. Mallock's "great men," object of society is effort. The result of all is evo- is not on the list. This childlike displacement of lution. The data of sociology are the principles | M. Tarde by Mr. Kidd is quite interesting to stu- of the subordinate sciences, “the broad princi- dents of sociology. It is this ignorance of the lit- ples that underlie and govern all departments of erature of sociology which permits the author to natural phenomena.” Sociology is the synthesis of say that “the whole school of contemporary soci- the other sciences, and is a university study for ad- ologists, with Mr. Spencer as their head, absolutely vanced students. The social forces are the desires refuse to take any account whatever of the congen- which lead to acts of reproduction, self-preservation, ital inequalities by which individuals within the and satisfaction of the æsthetic and intellectual .” nature. order, and social statics is its science. Progress im- essayist, even when he is largely ignorant of his plies the modification of structure and of environ- subject. I have said “ignorant” because it would ment. It is genetic or telic; that is, natural and be unpleasant to suggest the alternative. If he really without purpose, or artificial and the result of a con- a is acquainted with M. Tarde or Professor Giddings, scious plan. Intentional modifications are individ- and their recognition of invention in relation to so- ual or collective ; and this last mode of progress is cial progress, we should have to charge him with a late arrival, as yet only in its beginnings. The moral obliquity or misrepresentation ; and we prefer future form of society promises to be not individ- not to choose that form of statement. Mr. Mallock ualism nor socialism, but “sociocracy.” Sociocracy has presented, in vigorous, clear English, one of the recognizes natural inequalities, and aims to abolish keenest and most incisive attacks on communistic artificial inequalities ; it seeks to substitute the inter- theories yet published. The notion that animal est of all for the dominance of a few; it would con- labor is the sole source of wealth, which is not at fer benefits in strict proportion to merit, but insists all complimentary to wage-workers, is shown to be upon equality of opportunity. Natural selection essentially false, and that is a good service to all does not secure the survival of the fittest, as is pop- classes of producers. ularly supposed, but only of those who are adapted The conservative and individualist speaks in Mr. to an inferior environment. Sociocracy will improve Mackay's book on “ The State and Charity.” There the environment, and so produce better natures. is rather too much unconscious assumption of pre- Mr. Mallock is a smart writer. In “Aristocracy mises, as in the assertion so quietly introduced and Evolution” he appears at his best — in fuil (p. 6) that under a system of entire freedom labor dress. It is charming to see him writing down the would find a ready market. Unquestionably the socialists, while he holds up to scorn their arch writer has found the weak places in the administra- enemy, Mr. Herbert Spencer. Mr. Mallock has tion of public relief, and the criticisms fall even made a wonderful discovery in sociology: he has more heavily on American methods than on those found out that brains and blood will tell, and that of England. Some parts of the book contribute the most rapid runners get first to the goal. The important and suggestive interpretations of the ten- socialists are stupid fellows for denying this epoch dencies of thought in relation to endowed charities. making truth, and no sociologist has ever recognized The reader should compare this with another book it. We have, to quote Mr. L. F. Ward, been tread- in the same series “ The Poor Law," by T. W. ing on the keys of the universe without knowing it. Fowle—in order to appreciate the particular phase The “great man " is the world's creditor; let us of the subject here discussed, and to give a more take off our hats to him as he drives by—or over 18 ! complete view of the field of public relief. This To be sure, this “great man” may be neither un- work will belong in the library of every student of usually intelligent nor good ; greatness “need not charity. necessarily imply any moral, nor indeed any intel- “The Twentieth Century City” is a title which lectual, superiority” (p. 336). After pruning away suggests the prophet; and it is with earnest, solemn, several other desirable qualities, the title “Magnus” • insistent speech that the devoted author urges the seems of doubtful propriety. Carlyle did not say need for religious patriotism. He dwells upon the "general” but only “captain” of industry. The materialism of modern civilization, and illustrates Business Manager, albeit he is represented as a crea- the idea that the city reveals the character of the ture who will serve the world only for plenty of hard age in its most pronounced form. He repeats the cash, is glorified as the leader of progress. Incur- story of the tendency of population to urban life, , able Philistinism is deified. Plutocracy is crowned. and shows that the causes of this tendency are last- To be sure, the essential idea, that the inventor is ing. Moral growth, be believes, has not kept pace an exceptional man and the social leader, had been with the commercial and industrial advance, and worked out by Tarde, Guyau, Giddings, and other the city has become a menace to itself, and to the sociologists ; but Mr. Mallock is innocent of knowl- state and nation. The remedy lies in religious pa- edge of these thinkers; at least he does not mention triotism, in the diffusion of higher social ideals, in them. He is well acquainted with some striking a new form of church activity. The churches must 1898.] 75 THE DIAL save society, or must themselves perish. The par- nothing more than a novelette of the sketchiest sort, ticular measures which the author urges are a sort and leaves us at the end in doubt concerning the of referendum backed by an organized movement outcome. It is the story of the exiled king of an of young people's societies to distribute patriotic and imaginary realm of Messina, who trades upon the instructive tracts. While there is large room for loyalty of his following to plan an expedition for doubt as to whether or not the means proposed the recovery of his throne, and who secretly betrays would be at all adequate, there can be no question his own cause for a subsidy. The action takes place that there is a neglected duty to be taken up, and at Tangier, and the motley types of adventurers the author has given an eloquent voice to the call who are grouped about the king are sketched in an of the nation for the highest form of educational incisive way, but not characterized in any real sense. work in the obligations of citizenship. The story is clever and entertaining, but the author C. R. HENDERSON. himself could not expect us to take it very seriously. The matter-of-fact and the whimsical are the distinctive elements in Mr. Stockton's writing - except when he is unhappily tempted to mix him- RECENT FICTION.* self up with sea-fights and pirate treasures,- and both are evident enough in “ The Girl at Cobhurst.” Since “ The King's Jackal," by Mr. Richard Harding Davis, is sure of a considerable popularity, If we may venture upon so fine a distinction, it is a we may as well place it at the beginning of this proper to say that matter-of-fact gets the better of whimsy in this story, and becomes deliciously droll survey of recent works of fiction, although it is by virtue of its very bareness. The book also pre- *THE KING'S JACKAL. By Richard Harding Davis. New sents us with some quite tolerable character-drawing, York: Charles Scribner's Sons. subject to the limitations of the author's method, THE GIRL AT COBHURST. By Frank R. Stockton. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. and possesses considerable interest as a quiet narra- AMERICAN WIVES AND ENGLISH HUSBANDS. A Novel. tive of life in a country town. By Gertrude Atherton. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. “She wanted her Individuality back; that was In King's Houses. A Romance of the Days of Queen the long and the short of it.” In this brief quota- Anne. By Julia C. R. Dorr. Boston: L. C. Page & Co. tion from Mrs. Atherton's new novel the work is A TROOPER OF THE EMPRESS. By Clinton Ross. New neatly epitomized in more ways than one. For we York: D. Appleton & Co. find in these few words not only a statement of the BOBBIE McDUFF, By Clinton Ross. Boston: L. C. Page & Co. theme, but also, in the capitalization of the principal RUPERT OF HENTZAU. By Anthony Hope. New York: noun, the false placing of emphasis that character- Henry Holt & Co. izes the entire work, and in the unlucky choice of KRONSTADT. A Novel. By Max Pemberton. New York: phrase, the essential commonness of the style in D. Appleton & Co. which the book is written. The latter criticism, SONS OF ADVERSITY. A Romance of Queen Elizabeth's Time. By L. Cope Cornford. Boston: L. C. Page & Co. indeed, might safely be made from the title alone. THE DUENNA OF A GENIUS. By M. E. Francis (Mrs. “ American Wives and English Husbands” would Francis Blundell). Boston: Little, Brown, & Co. do for a sociological treatise, or for an essay in THE CONCERT-DIRECTOR. By Nellie K. Blissett. New “ The Spectator"; as the name of a novel it is sim- York : The Macmillan Co. ply impossible. The story deals, moreover, almost A REPUTATION FOR A SONG. By Maud Oxenden. New wholly with one English husband and his American York : Edward Arnold. EVELYN INNES. By George Moore. New York: D. Apple- wife, while the latter is not a wife at all until we ton & Co. are midway in the narrative. Possibly, however, , THE STANDARD BEARER. By S. R. Crockett. New York: there are more Anglo-American couples to follow in D. Appleton & Co. later volumes, for, although no promises are made, THE LAKE OF WINE. By Bernard Capes. New York: the story is by no means cleared up, and we cannot D. Appleton & Co. think it Mrs. Atherton's intention to leave us in the THE WHIRLPOOL. By George Gissing. New York: Fred. dark concerning the manner in which the heroine erick A, Stokes Co. THE MUTINEER. A Romance of Pitcairn Island. By Louis gets “ her Individuality back.” In this restless Becke and Walter Jeffery, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co. chafing for freedom, she reminds us of the heroine THE CHILDREN OF THE SEA. A Tale of the Forecastle. of Mr. Herrick's recent novel, and a superficial By Joseph Conrad. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. view might discover several points of similarity be- TALES OF UNREST. By Joseph Conrad. New York: tween the books which these two women respec- Charles Scribner's Sons. DREAMERS OF THE GHETTO. By I. Zangwill. New York: tively dominate. But a closer view would disclose Harper & Brothers. contrasts much more marked than these resem. TALES OF TRAIL AND Town. By Bret Harte. Boston: blances, for the ideals of “ American Wives and Houghton, Mifflin