y Dr. MORITZ BUSCH during Months of his Life, his Death, and his Funeral at
twenty-five years' official and private intercourse with Westminster Abbey. By JUSTIN MCCARTHY.
the great Chancellor.
Fully Illustrated. Gilt tops. Buckram, 8vo, $6.00.
Two Vols. With Portraits. Cloth, 8vo, $10.00 net.
“To our thinking, Mr. McCarthy's facile pen has never
That there should have been a considerable excitement in
been employed better than in this engaging volume. ... The
high official German circles caused by the mere announce-
ment of the publication in England and Germany of Dr.
book is rich in brief and pithy characterizations of men and
Basch's Memoir is not surprising, for it will certainly throw
measures, and abounds in those striking turns of thought and
a flood of light on many a hitherto carefully kept secret of
phrase that fix the attention and stamp themselves on the
European politics.
memory."- The Dial.
SEND FOR A CIRCULAR.
SEND FOR A CIRCULAR.
POET
and
CHURCHMAN.
'Indisputably the most important book of its year."-
A NEW AND CHEAPER EDITION.
The Tribune (Chicago).
“A very complete biography by a competent hand."-
Catholic World.
66
ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON
CARDINAL MANNING,
A Memoir. By his Son. Two Vols.; with Portraits.
Medium 8vo, cloth, $10.00 net.
Lord Tennyson's life of his father is unquestionably a book
that permanently and appreciably enriches English literature.
It is hardly possible to conceive of a generation to come that
it will not deeply interest, containing as it does the best and
truest that could be said of Alfred, Lord Tennyson, as man
and as poet, by those of his contemporaries who were best
qualified to speak of him.
Archbishop of Westminster.
By EDMUND S. PURCELL. Two Vols. With Portraits.
Medium 8vo, cloth, $3.50.
“It is not to be wondered at that this elaborate work, so
anxiously and impatiently awaited, has stirred the Christian
world profoundly. Nothing like it has appeared for genera-
tions." The Evening Telegraph (Philadelphia).
)
а
AMERICAN PROSE SELECTIONS.
With critical introductions by various writers and a
general introduction,
Edited by GEORGE RICE CARPENTER, Professor of Rhetoric
and English Composition, Columbia University, author of
Principles of Grammar,"
,” “Exercises in Rhetoric and
English Composition," etc. Cloth, 12mo, $1.00 net.
This volume is intended as a supplement to the five volumes
of Craik's "English Prose," and follows in general the plan
adopted in that series and in Ward's "English Poets." The
object is to present extracts of considerable length from the
works of the chief American prose writers, preceded by an
authoritative critical essay and by a short biographical sketch.
FROM CHAUCER TO ARNOLD: Types of
Literary Art.
An Introduction to English Literature.
Edited by ANDREW J. GEORGE, Department of English,
High School, Newton, Mass. Editor of “The Shorter
Poems of Milton," etc.' Cloth, 12mo. (In press.)
The purpose of this volume is to give a speaking acquaint-
ance with the English authors, and to present a general view
of the main features of English literature in verse and prose
with its chronological setting.
THE ELEMENTS OF SOCIOLOGY.
By FRANKLIN HENRY GIDDINGS, Professor of Sociology in
Columbia University, author of "The Principles of Soci-
," "The Theory of Socialization,' etc. Cloth, crown
8vo. (In press.)
“The Elements of Sociology" will be a text-book for the
use of high schools and colleges which are unable to devote as
much time to sociology as is demanded by the Theory of
Socialization" and "The Principles of Sociology."
A SHORT HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.
By GEORGE SAINTSBURY, Professor of English Literature in
the University of Oxford, author of " A History of Eliza-
bethan Literature," “ History of Nineteenth Century Lit-
erature," etc. (In press.)
GUESSES AT THE RIDDLE OF EXISTENCE,
And other Essays on Kindred Subjects.
By GOLDWIN SMITH, D.C.L., author of "The United States."
New Edition. Cloth, 12mo, $1.25.
THE NEW ENGLAND POETS.
By WILLIAM CRANSTON LAWTON, author of "Art and Hu-
manity in Homer," "Successors of Homer," etc. Cloth,
16mo, 75 cts.
This is a study of Emerson, Hawthorne, Longfellow, Whit-
tier, Lowell, and Holmes. The story of these six happy lives
is told briefly, the author's attempt being to show their ar-
tistic environment and sources of inspiration, not to empha-
size purely personal relations and traits.
THE GOSPEL FOR AN AGE OF DOUBT.
The Yale Lectures on Preaching for 1896, by HENRY VAN
DYKE, D.D., pastor of " The Brick Church," New York.
New Edition. Cloth, 12mo, $1.75.
“The work is bold, broad, and inspiring, a book of princi-
ples, but not of rules or small didactics. There is not a con-
troversial word in it." - The Independent.
DR. PASCAL.
By EMILE ZOLA, author of “Paris,
Lourdes,"
etc. New Edition. Uniform with “ His Excellency,” etc.
Translated by MARY J. SERRANO. Cloth, 12mo. (In press.)
A new translation of the famous novel which contains
M. Zola's summing up of the whole Macquart-Rougora Series,
showing his idea of the theory of heredity.
ology,
» "Rome," ..
Send for our NEW ANNOUNCEMENT List of this season's New Books.
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, No. 66 Fifth Avenue, New York.


160
[Sept. 16, 1898.
THE DIAL
HEATH'S ENGLISH CLASSICS
THE following volumes have been prepared with reference to meeting the
present college entrance requirements in a manner calculated to develop
literary taste and appreciation.
Tennyson's The Princess. Edited by A. J. GEORGE, Master in English in the Newton
(Mass.) High School. 236 pages. 40 cents.
Shakespeare's Macbeth. Edited by EDMUND K. CHAMBERS, Oxford. In the “ Arden” series.
188 pages. 40 cents.
De Quincey's Flight of a Tartar Tribe. Edited by G. A. WAUCHOPE, Professor of
English in the University of South Carolina. 111 pages. 30 cents.
Burke's Speech on Conciliation with America. Edited by A. J. GEORGE.
119 pages.
25 cents.
Milton's Paradise Lost, Books I. AND II. Edited by A. P. WALKER, Teacher of English in
the English High School, Boston. Illustrated. 281 pages. 45 cents.
Carlyle's Essay on Burns. Edited by A. J. GEORGE. Illustrated. 160 pages. 30 cents.
Coleridge's The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. Edited by A. J. GEORGE. Also
contains the version of 1798 from the Lyrical Ballads. Illustrated. 140 pages. 30 cents.
Dryden's Palamon and Arcite. Edited by W. H. CRAWSHAW, Professor of English Litera-
ture in Colgate University. Illustrated. 157 pages. 30 cents.
Goldsmith's The Vicar of Wakefield. Edited by W. H. Hudson, Professor of English
Literature in Leland Stanford, Jr., University. 17 Illustrations. 300 pages. 50 cents.
Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice.
Edited by H. L. WITHERS, Oxford. In the
“ Arden " series. 178 pages.
40 cents.
IN PREPARATION
Addison's Sir Roger de Coverley Papers. Macaulay's Essay on Milton.
Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by W. H. Edited by A. P. WALKER.
Hudson, Professor of English Literature in Leland
Milton's Minor Poems.
Stanford, Jr., University.
Lycidas, Comus, L'Allegro, and Il Penseroso.
Pope's Translation of the Iliad.
Edited by A. P. WALKER.
Books I., VI., XXII., and XXIV. Edited with George Eliot's Silas Marner.
Introduction and Notes.
Edited by G. A. WAUCHOPE.
IMPORTANT NEW BOOKS FOR RHETORICAL STUDY
The Principles of Composition. By Henry G. PEARSON, Instructor in English at the Massa-
chusetts Institute of Technology. With an Introduction by Arlo Bates. Cloth. 165 pages. Introduction
price, 50 cents.
The Essentials of Argumentation. For College Classes. By E. J. MacEwan, M.A. Cloth.
428 pages. Introduction price, $1.12.
D. C. HEATH & COMPANY, 378 Wabash Avenue, Chicago


THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage
prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries
comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must
be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the
current number. REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by express or
postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and
for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application;
and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATEs furnished
on application. All communications should be addressed to
THE DIAL, 315 Wabash Ave., Chicago.
No. 294. SEPTEMBER 16, 1898. Vol. XXV.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
BOOKS OF THE COMING YEAR
159
.
•
.
.
ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE. Temple Scott 161
THE LAST DANCE OF THE LEAVES. (Poem.)
John Vance Cheney .
162
.
CHINA IN TRANSFORMATION. E. G. J.
163
.
.
A NEW BOOK ON AN OLD THEME.
Hinsdale .
B. A.
165
.
AN EVOLUTIONARY THEORY OF MORALS.
Hiram M. Stanley
167
.
A SCHOLAR'S HISTORY OF GREECE, Josiah
Renick Smith
168
BOOKS OF THE COMING YEAR.
A few months ago, there was widespread dis-
cussion concerning the probable effects of the
then impending war with Spain upon the produc-
tion of books in the United States. Arguments
were adduced in plenty upon both sides of the
question, and it was stoutly maintained, on the
one hand, that bookmaking would receive a new
stimulus from the clash of arms, and, on the
other, that the energies of the public would
be diverted from the reading of books, that the
activities of authors and publishers would be to
a considerable extent paralyzed by the moraland
economic shock of the conflict. The question
thus warmly debated is now by way of getting
answered, and the list of forthcoming books,
compiled from the announcements of American
publishing houses, and printed in the present
issue of THE DIAL, settles the debate most
emphatically in favor of the contention that
book production would be increased rather than
lessened by reason of the newly awakened self-
consciousness of the American people. Had the
outcome of the war been less favorable to our
arms, or had the strife been unduly prolonged,
a different answer might have been given to the
question, but the answer which we actually have
to record is in the highest degree satisfactory,
and it is evident that a season of almost unpre-
cedented activity in book-publishing awaits us,
and is, indeed, close at hand. The list that we
published in our announcement number of a year
ago was the most extensive that we had ever
brought together, comprising, as it did, well
over a thousand titles; but even that list is this
year exceeded to the extent of two or three hun-
dred additional titles. We are justified in con-
gratulating all concerned — authors, publishers,
and readers — upon this showing, and in pre-
dicting that culture - as far as it is affected
by the statistics of book-production — is about
tohum" as it never did before in what Whitman
called “ these States."
With so rapidly growing a list to choose from,
it becomes every year increasingly difficult, in
such a prospectus as this, to single out the few
works of greater importance to mention of which
we are necessarily restricted. The invidiousness
of such a selection becomes more and more
PAPERS FROM THE WORLD'S FAIR FOLK-
LORE CONGRESS. Merton L. Miller
169
-
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne . 170
Sudermann's Regina. – Ebers's Arachne. — Gras's
The Terror. — France's The Red Lily. – Burrows's
The Fire of Life.- Moore's The Millionaires.-- Chet-
wode's John of Strathbourne. — Savile's John Ship,
Mariner. — Maugham's The Making of a Saint. -
Caskoden's When Knighthood Was in Flower.
Mrs. Greene's The Moral Imbeciles.-Miss Glasgow's
Phases of an Inferior Planet.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
172
Armorican Neo-Celticism. — Essays and mock-
essays. - Completion of a masterpiece of science.
Studies in culture-history. - A four volume autobio-
graphy of Spurgeon. — The function of speculation.
-- Early parties and politics in the Northwest. An
essay on criticism.- Phases of old New York life.
A study of the play of animals. - A handbook of
practical taxidermy. - The Cross, its symbolism and
history. - From Brook Farm to Mother Church.-
The feminine facility for letter-writing. – A literary
guide-book to old Perugia.
BRIEFER MENTION
176
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS. . 177
(A classified list of 1350 titles announced for publi-
cation during the coming season.)
LITERARY NOTES
185
.
.


160
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
>
a
:
evident, and every reader of this brief forecast
reader of this brief forecast followed closely by Mr. Sven Hedin's “ A Jour-
will doubtless find in the full list - as it appears ney across Asia," Mr. Edward Fitzgerald's
further on in our pages
-some titles more inter- “ In the Highest Andes,” Mr. Eivind Astrup's
esting to him personally than those that are “ With Peary near the Pole," and, with a flavor
mentioned just here ; while the coming year, more of literature than of learning, “ A Cruise
no less than the years past, will be sure to have under the Crescent," by Mr. Charles Warren
its surprises in the shape of the important books Stoddard, who at last breaks a too prolonged
that will appear almost unheralded. For one silence. In philosophy, there will be a four-
thing, we may say that no one book in prospect volume work upon “The Metaphysics of Expe-
is entitled to be styled “the book of the year,” rience,” by Mr. Shadworth H. Hodgson, and
in the sense in which that name has been a translation of Professor Paulsen's “Ethics."
deserved, in past years, by such works as the In theology, two new series, “ The Churchman's
Life of Tennyson, and the Letters of Lowell Library” and “ New Testament Handbooks”
or Matthew Arnold. Yet, in spite of this state- occupy the forefront of the field, to say nothing
ment, there are doubtless many individual read- of Dr. Cheyne's great“Dictionary of the Bible,
ers who will find in this list the titles of books in four volumes. In music, an announcement
which to them personally are of the first im- of marked interest is the series to be called
portance.
“The Music Lovers' Library,” to include vol-
Having said this much in the way of general umes by Messrs. Henderson, Krehbiel, Finck,
observation, it remains for us to pick out a few Apthorp, and others.
titles that seem particularly deserving of special The category of literary history and criticism
mention. In the department of biography, there offers a bewildering array of promising titles.
is probably no more important work announced There are volumes of essays by Mr. Austin
than Professor Knapp's long-heralded “Life Dobson, Mr. H. W. Mabie, Professor Kuno
of George Borrow." The authorized life of Francke, M. Maeterlinck, Mrs. Meynell, Sidney
Alphonse Daudet, by his son; the study of Count Lanier, and many others. A few titles of unusual
Tolstoy's life, by Mr. G. H. Perris; the Life interest are these : “Lamb, Coleridge, and the
and Character of General Grant,” by Mr. Ham-Lloyds,” a volume of Lamb's unpublished cor-
lin Garland; and Dr. Hale’s rambling remin respondence; M. Rostand's "Cyrano de Ber-
iscences of “ James Russell Lowell and his gerac," in two translations; a “Manual of the
Friends,” are surely among the books that History of French Literature,” by M. Brune-
will be awaited with the greatest interest. In his- tière ; and “
tière ; and “Petrarch, First Modern Scholar
,
tory, Mr. Henry Cabot Lodge's “Story of the and Man of Letters,” edited by Messrs. J. H.
Revolution” will command a wide audience, Robinson and H. W. Rolfe. The important
as will also the late C. A. Dana's “ Recollec- series of “Periods of European Literature" will
tions of the Civil War."
An announcement be carried rapidly on, no less than seven new
of peculiar interest is “The Underground Rail- volumes being announced.
road from Slavery to Freedom," by Mr. W. H. Turning now to literature in the stricter sense,
Siebert, which will be the first exhaustive a word may first be said of Mr. Mosher's reprints,
account of that movement. As for books about which will be as interesting as in past years,
the recent war, about the new territories over or even more so, since they will include so not-
which the United States is to assume control, able a production as “The Germ," the four parts
and about the achievements of the American reproduced from the rare originals of 1850.
navy - they are almost legion, and it would be In new poetry, there is nothing as yet promised
invidious to a few to the exclusion of the rest. that is noteworthy, an opinion which hope-
In the more serious walks of literature, we less Meredithians will probably think heretical,
have, furthermore, many other titles of great since the “Odes in Contribution to the Song
attractiveness. Professor Goldwin Smith's" The of French History” is marked for early appear.
United Kingdom,” Mr. Benjamin Kidd's “The
Mr. Davidson, Mrs. Julia Ward Howe,
Control of the Tropics," Mr. H. J. Ford's Mrs. Perry, and Miss Guiney, are among
“ The Rise and Growth of American Politics," the verse-writers included in the list. When
and a translation of Gneist's “History of the
a "
it comes to naming works of fiction, we are
English Constitution,” are a few titles in one tempted to throw up our hands in despair.
department. Mr. A.H. Savage Landor's “Our A few titles, selected almost at random, are
Expedition to Tibet” will probably take the “ The Day's Work," by Mr. Rudyard Kipling,
lead among works of travel and exploration, “Wild Eelin," by Mr. William Black; “Sie-
ance.
>


1898.]
161
THE DIAL
lanka,” by Mr. Henryk Sienkiewicz; “ The The result, however, bears out Messrs. Smith's conten-
Battle of the Strong," by Mr. Gilbert Parker ;
tion, for the magazine is now published at threepence
“Her Memory," by “Maarten Maartens";
halfpenny. Even the ordinary bookseller found that
the difference between the cost price and selling price
“Gloria Mundi,” by Mr. Harold Frederic; barely covered his working expenses. That a three-
and “The Castle Inn," by Mr. Stanley Wey- penny magazine, well produced, is appreciated, may be
man. The announcement that “ Alwyn, a Poetic gathered from the fact that of the first number of
Harmsworth’s venture, over 800,000 copies were sold.
Romance," written many years ago by Mr. Theo-
But the new “monthly” is not to have the field all to
dore Watts-Dunton, is at last to be published, itself — Messrs. Pearson & Co. announce the “Royal
will probably arouse in a few persons a more Magazine " for October. I understand it is to out-
intense interest than is caused by any other
shine its rival, and will be a genuine threepenny maga-
book in the long list of works of fiction.
zine; that is to say, it will be retailed at threepence.
But we must bring this summary to a close, ment, is the information that the issue is to be of one
What to us, here, is the startling part of the announce-
conscious of the fact that entire departments million copies.
have been ignored, and the others most inade- In the third place, we have lost one of our oldest
quately discussed. We say nothing at all of the publishing houses. Messrs. Bentley & Sons have
books in sumptuous garb promised for the holi-
vanished in the larger maw of Messrs. Macmillan,
who have bought up the older house -- plant, stock, and
day season, partly because the announcements
staff. All kinds of speculations have been discussed
are far from complete, and partly because for the cause of this disappearance, but none seem to
a mere enumeration of titles is
even less
me to have hit upon the right one. Without a doubt,
fitted to do justice to works of this class than
the Bentley house disappeared naturally, for the firm
to others. For such further information as
was never one to change with the changing condition
of things; and it speaks for the wisdom of its head, in
has thus far been collected, we must refer our
that he saw his own limitations, and recognized that the
readers to the ten or more compactly-printed times were touching him ungently. Not that the busi-
pages to be found later on in this issue, and trust ness was not a very excellent one.
On the contrary,
that they will find many things to their taste
it must have realized large profits, right up to the date
of the transfer. No, it was simply the fact that it
beyond what it has been possible to mention
lived and had its being in traditions long out of date.
in the present rapid survey.
You, on your side of the water, cannot altogether ap-
preciate what an old English publishing house is; but
if you can imagine a man-of-war of the old three-
decker type of Nelson's day, fighting one of our
modern ironclads, you will get some idea of what com-
ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE.
petition has done for the English publishing business.
London, Sept. 3, 1898. I may say that there are further rumors of other
Since I last wrote to you many things have happened amalgamations even more startling, if true, than this
here which seem to me to be fraught with large poten- of the Macmillan-Bentley settlement.
tialities of change for the future. In the first place, It all comes to this, that the magazine has almost
the Committee of the House of Lords, sitting on the ousted from the attention of the reading public all
question of Copyright, has gathered together a mass of books, other than those which the public acknowledge
expert evidence which is likely to alter materially com- of first importance. I am of opinion, that the future
ing legislation. I should not be at all surprised, if we of publishing, in this country at any rate, will be
established here a complete bureau for the registration widely different from what it is now. It seems to me
and regulation of all matters relating to copyright with that it will be in the hands of a very few larger syndi-
regard to books, prints, photographs, newspapers, criti- cates, and the small publisher, like the small trades-
cisms, and the rest. It has been suggested that regis- man, will be compelled to go to the wall. And this
tration should be compulsory, and that non-registra- applies, also, to our second and third-rate writers,
tion shall carry with it the penalty of loss of copyright. | particularly novelists. So long as the libraries recog-
The manager of the “Times,” in his evidence, gave nized the three-volume novel, so long was the small
strong expression to his opinion that copyright in news publisher assured of a definite, if not princely, income;
should hold for twenty-four hours; while a music and so long did the second-rate writer find a market
publisher complained of damage due to piracies from for his wares. But the disappearance of the three
the street piano-organs ! However, all these matters decker” has resulted in disastrous effects. Six shillings
are, no doubt, to be made plain in the new Copy- is too much to pay for ephemeral reading, and the
libraries have not increased their orders proportionately
In the second place, we have had launched at us the to the decrease in price. Moreover, the magazine
new three-penny illustrated magazine, from the house gives all the reading that is wanted, and there are
of Messrs. Harmsworth & Co. Following on this, enough of them, in all conscience. The small pub-
came a truly lively controversy between these pub- lisher must give up publishing, and the second-rate
lishers and our largest distributors, Messrs. W. H. author must take to journalism.
Smith & Co. The latter complained that the terms So much for history and speculation thereon. What-
at which the magazine was supplied did not admit of a ever they may not do in the future, it is very certain
profit, if sold at threepence. Messrs. Harmsworth re- publishers are not idle in the present. Already, our
torted that they did, and said a few words which hurt. journals devoted to literary matters are crowded with
9
right Bill.
FI


162
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
>
“gossip” and announcements. But such news may be
stale to you; and I will, therefore, confine myself to
telling you what you may not have heard.
Neither Mr. Hall Caine nor Dr. Conan Doyle will
publish any book this autumn. The former has almost
finished a story dealing with Rome, but this will not
be issued until next autumn. You may have heard
that his next book is to be called “The Drunkard,”
and to be published in monthly shilling parts. Neither
of these statements is true. Dr. Doyle will have ready
a volume of short stories, probably early next year.
Mr. Grant Allen's new novel, to be called « The
Linnet,” and of which he thinks very highly himself,
will be issued this season by Mr. Grant Richards. Mr.
H. G. Wells, who is much improved in health, bas set
to work finishing a story on which he was engaged
before he became so ill. Mr. Andrew Lang will issue
through Messrs. Longmans, a companion volume to
“ Pickle the Spy,” to be called “The Companions of
Pickle.” Mr. Kipling's volume of short stories will
come to us this year through Messrs. Macmillan.
Messrs. Pearson & Co. will have ready very shortly
Mr. Max Pemberton's “ The Phantom Army," and the
same firm are on the eve of publishing Mr. Cutcliffe
Hyne's “The Adventures of Captain Kettle,” Mr.
David Christie Murray's “Despair's Last Journey,"
and new volumes by Bret Harte and Mrs. L. B. Wal-
ford. For Miss Marie Corelli's new story no pub-
lisher has, as yet, been found. It will probably not see
the light this year.
So much for fiction. In biography, we are prom-
ised, “Life of Prince Charles Edward,” by Andrew
Lang; “ Life of William Morris," by J. W. Mackail;
“ Reminiscences,” by Robert Buchanan; “Memoirs of
the Life of Henry Reeve,” by J. K. Laughton, and Lord
Ashbourne's account of William Pitt. There are, of
course, others; but I will inform you of these in my next.
Mr. Stanley Lane-Poole has finished his “ History of
India under the Mogul Dynasty,” and Professor Camp-
bell his “ Religion in Greek Literature." I notice that
Pollock's monograph on “ Spinoza is to be repub-
lished, as well as a cheaper edition of Lady Burton's
biography of her husband.
Of the few art books which are to be published this
season, the first to mention is Mr. Walter Armstrong's
“Gainsborough.” Then come an illustrated sketch of
“The Pre-Raphaelite School,” and cheaper editions of
Mr. Malcolm Bell's “Sir Edward Burne-Jones," and
Mr. Ernest Rhys's book on “Lord Leighton." Both
these last works will be published by Messrs. George
Bell & Sons. Mr. Whitman, of the Department of
Prints, in the British Museum, has finished an excellent
study of “The Masters of Mezzotint,” which Messrs.
Bell will also issue. It is to be illustrated by about
sixty examples, reproduced in collotype.
Of collected editions we are to have in addition to
the handsome series of the novels of Jane Austen,
the “ Works of the Sisters Brontë” (Downey & Co.);
the novels of Henry Fielding (Constable & Co.), and
a new issue of the complete stories of Charles Dickens
(Dent & Co.) This last is to be in forty small vol-
umes, uniform with the same firm's “The Temple
Scott." The biographical edition of Thackeray is still
running, as is also the Albany edition of Macaulay.
An entirely new edition of Shakespeare's works is
announced by Messrs. Bell. It is to be in small pott size,
with illustrations by Byam Shaw, Anning Bell, and other
artists. The text used is that of the Cambridge edition.
Just at present, it is difficult to give you a good idea
of what is to come. Publishers seem unprepared with
information. I may, however, give you more detailed
information later. At present, it is more than one's head
is worth to worry busy managers, who have returned from
holiday-making, only to find themselves plunged in a ver-
itable sea of arrears of work.
I am glad to say that Mr. James Garner's version
of Omar Khayyam's “ Rubaiyát,” is to have an English
publisher. I think, when you see the little book in its
English dress, you will feel that we have done it justice.
I am even gladder to find that Mr. Nathan Haskell
Dole's variorum edition of Omar is to be issued here
also. I can assure you that the few copies which have
reached us, have proved
of inestimable value. During
the present stir about FitzGerald and his translation,
I do not know what three-fourths of our critics and
writers on the subject would have done without it.
Mr. Dole's “breviary” edition, when I have shown it
to any publisher, has turned him green with envy.
The Author's Society, the Publishers' Association, and
the Booksellers' Association have had some more con-
fabulations. They tell us now that they have arrived
at a modus vivendi. I don't believe it. They none
of them know what they want, or how to get it, if they
did. Probably, before they meet again, they will have
found out some flaw in their arrangements, and the whole
scheme, so elaborately prepared, will vanish into thin air.
The three bodies could, if they were permitted, each bite
the heads off the others; for assuredly, judged by the
twaddle, they must have maws big enough. How is it
possible to discuss to advantage if they do not meet on
a common ground of mutual trust? I think it is about
time we took them all with a grain or two of humour.
They 'd be much more profitable to us thus taken.
At any rate, we should have a hearty laugh. Some day,
there 'll be a terrible rumbus, and authors, publishers,
and booksellers will then find that they have been beating
air all this time. As a matter of fact, the right end of the
stick is still waiting to be seized. TEMPLE Scott.
"
THE LAST DANCE OF THE LEAVES.
I.
Still playing, playing, faithful Pleasure
Keeps a blithe, beguiling measure;
The flowers fallen, the thrushes gone,
Pleasure still is playing on,
Softly calling back the day
Glory by glory slipt away.
The shed leaves, with the rabbits' feet,
Move to the music; light and fleet,
They hold once more the happy air,
With memory hold pale revel there.
II.
The wind of Autumn wakes and blows,
It whistles in the withered close;
Now it laughs, and now it grieves;
Weird the measure that it weaves
For the dances of the yellow leaves.
The sad grass pale and paler grows,
Gray Death, from vale to bill be goes;
Still the wind, it half deceives;
Weird the measure that it weaves
For the dances of the dying leaves.
JOHN VANCE CHENEY.


1898.]
163
THE DIAL
millions for naval purposes. In fine, as it will
The New Books.
be
easy for him to show, a season of assured
peace will redound just now especially to Rus-
CHINA IN TRANSFORMATION.*
sia's advantage; therefore she proffers the olive
branch. But Mr. Colquhoun will undoubtedly
Readers in search of a comparatively short dread the Russians, et dona ferentes ; and
cut to a fair general comprehension of the Far while he may possibly (as we trust he will)
Eastern question in its present aspects will find recognize the personal sincerity of the Czar in
in Mr. Archibald R. Colquhoun's “ China in proposing to relieve the peoples of the burdens
Transformation" a book well suited to their of militarism, he will nevertheless see behind
needs. The author has, it must be premised, that humane and benignant yet pathetically
very pronounced and definite views of his own
isolated figure the Ignatieffs, Pavloffs, Mura-
on that "question,” and he has made up his vieffs -- the true exponents of those fundamen-
-
mind thoroughly as to the course England ought tally fixed quantities, Russian statesmanship
to pursue in regard to it. The “ Russian Bogy' and ambition. As he says:
haunts Mr. Colquhoun's fancy to a degree that “ Russian ambition is a permanent plant, with its
makes him something of an alarmist; and his roots struck in the sentiments of over one huudred
book, when we regard it on its doctrinal or theo- millions of people. It requires no originality in states-
retical side, may be fairly described as a tract
manship, but proceeds like a cosmic movement, by its
own laws working automatically, the particular men
(and a very plausible one it is, if we admit the
who seem from time to time to be guiding it being but
author's premises) in support of the view which the accidents of the movement. . . To parley with such
has gained ground somewhat rapidly of late that a force is like parleying with the tidal wave. Only a sea-
Russia's impending advance from the north
wall of solid construction can set bounds to its inflow."
toward the cynosural Yang-tsze region must It is time now to say that our author's inten-
be anticipated and countervailed by a corres- sity of conviction as to what ought to be done
ponding move on England's part from the south, in the East does not materially affect his clear
if Asia and eventually the whole world are to be and concise picture of what is. He naturally
saved from the ultimate dominion of the Slav. tends to dwell most on and perhaps slightly
In other words, Mr. Colquhoun is a stalwart overcolor such facts as make for his own views;
advocate of the “ forward policy,” at least so but his book is a fair one in the main, presenting
far as England's Burman-Chinese frontier is just such an account of the actual China as will
concerned. Palmerstonian methods are what interest the general reader, and be helpful to
he sighs for to safeguard Britain's markets in men of business, politicians, and travellers.
the East. How far his views may be modified Mr. Colquhoun brings to his task exceptional
now that the Czar of all the Russias would seem qualifications for it. Many years of service in
to have thrown up the role of Genghiz Khan Burma, first as an engineer, and later as Deputy-
(which Mr. Colquhoun in so many words im- Commissioner; repeated visits to Siam, in an
putes to him) for that of Anacharsis Clootz, official as well as a private capacity; prolonged
it would be interesting to know; but we venture stays in China as explorer, special correspond-
to say he will view the disarmament manifesto ent of the “ Times,” and, recently, in connec-
as only another instance of Muscovite cunning, tion with important negotiations concerning
compared with which the slyness of Major Bag- railway questions — such experiences certainly
stock were candor itself. Russia, he will proba- warrant his claim to speak with some authority.
to the
Powers for a scaling down of military budgets ters, the first one setting forth what is necessary
all round at a time when she is rather“ hard up” for the reader to know of the geography of China
herself, and needs a breathing-space to recruit of to-day, the second outlining the history of
her credit, to push her strategical railways to China's foreign relations. Thence Mr. Colqu-
completion, and to settle and strengthen her houn passes on to consider in separate chapters
self in the territory she has already wrested the Economic Question, the Question of Com-
from China. Russia, he may point out, is ex- munications, England's Objective in China,
plicitly anxious that everybody should stop Commercial Development, Diplomatic Inter-
building warships for a while, just after her course, the Native Press, the Chinese People,
great rival has out-trumped her by voting thirty Chinese Democracy, the Political Question, etc.
It is important for the general reader of
CHINA IN TRANSFORMATION. By Archibald R. Colqu-
houn. With maps. New York: Harper & Brothers. Mr. Colquhoun's book to grasp at the outset


164
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
the perhaps imperfectly realized fact that the in the raw material of wealth ; while the do-
once colossal Chinese Empire, which not long cile, frugal, incredibly industrious, and supple-
ago covered an area of some four and a half fingered Chinaman meets in the highest degree
million square miles, is now virtually shrunk the ideal of an intelligent human machine.
to the eighteen provinces of China Proper What is lacking to transform Cathay into a
a populous region measuring about one and vast hive of the most multifarious industry is
a half million square miles, and being thus primarily the magic impulse of improved com-
about half the size of Europe, or seven times munications. Penetrate to the heart of China
.
that of France. The vast tracts lying outside by rail and water; force the products of the
this region are still almost terræ incognitæ, and west into the marts of the interior, so that the
are (except Manchuria) beyond the radius of Chinaman may see, and covet, and be impelled
,
profitable trade for England — though still of to work and save in order that he may buy,
strategical importance. Tibet, for instance, and the era of a new and awakened China is
will eventually be occupied by the Russians begun.
unless England takes steps betimes to prevent In his interesting chapter on Chinese De-
it. Manchuria is already practically Russian ; mocracy the author touches on the question of
Mongolia, Ili, and Kashgaria are the Czar's the causes of the nation's longevity. Why is
whenever it pleases him to occupy them; Corea China an apparent exception to the law that
no longer belongs to China, and her ultimate fate nations, like individuals, must run their allot-
still hangs in the balance. When we discuss ted cycle of youth, maturity, and decay ? Mr.
China of to-day, then, we mean the eighteen Colquhoun does not venture on a full explana-
provinces of China Proper which, speaking tion of this national vitality that has vanquished
roughly, is bounded on the east by the Yellow all conquerors, but he assigns as a contribu-
and China seas, reaching from Corea to the tory cause of it “the faculty of local self-
Tongking Gulf; on the west by Kokonor and government which runs in the Chinese blood.”
Tibet; on the south by Tongking and the Shan The Chinese polity is, like our own, broadly
States; on the north by Mongolia and Russia. and perhaps roughly speaking, a dual one; but
.
Mr. Colquhoun reckons the inhabitants of this the dualism is with them, in fact if not in
country at 350,000,000, a population by no theory, far more pronounced than with us.
means excessive, being only twelve times that The Imperial government plays a small part
of England, while the area which subsists it in the domestic affairs of China at large. The
is thirty times greater. It is in its distribution, average Chinaman knows little of it and cares
then, rather than its numbers, that the popula- | little about it. He is conscious of it mainly
tion of China is remarkable, the pressure on the when it annoys him or fleeces him fiscally; but
eastern seaboard and the great water-ways being he is conversant with his local affairs and
unparalleled elsewhere, while away from these knows how to manage them. He is mildly
centres it decreases rapidly. About half the interested in the politics of his province, and
area of the eighteen provinces, an acreage an active participant in those of his village.
of 400,000,000, is good cultivable land. Owing Thus, amid all their dynastic convulsions the
mainly to the infiltration from Turkestan, the people of China have remained unchanged,
Mohammedan element in the population is large, mainly because they are, in spite of their in-
even Peking containing some twenty thousand stinct of self-government, a non-political peo-
Mohammedan families. Altogether the Moslem ple, indifferent to affairs of state, and intent
population numbers about thirty millions; and on their home concerns and their own business.
this class, from its numbers and character, must Theoretically, England, in shaping her course
be accounted an important factor as regards the in China, has her choice of these alternatives :
future of China. Mr. Colquhoun observes either the “open door ” policy, which means the
that “while Christianity, an exotic, seems to be upholding by her at all hazards of the integrity
waning in China, the change of religion gives of the Chinese Empire against the aggressions
to the Chinese convert of Islam the qualities he of the protectionist powers; or the “spheres of
lacks — namely, independence, courage, and influence” policy, which means that she must
devotion.”
tacitly acquiesce in the looming partition of
Passing to the economic question, the author China into “spheres of influence” and “Hin-
agrees with Richthofen that “the slumbering terlands,” by joining in the race herself and
factors of an immense industrial production seeing to it betimes that her own “sphere"
all exist in China.” The soil is eminently rich I shall be as large and as rich as possible, and also


1898.]
165
THE DIAL
that it shall be so situated as to be of strategical
A NEW BOOK ON AN OLD THEME.*
advantage to her Indian Empire. But, practi-
cally, of these alternatives the “open door" There are two ways of writing history, as
policy now seems to be illusory. England can- there are two ways of telling a story. The
not single-handed hold China open to the trade first way is for the historian to write what he
of the world — and, indeed, the door of Man- has to say just as though it had never been
churia has already been shut “ with a slam," written before. It may, indeed, have been
as someone indignantly says in reply to Lord written before ; but if so he does not know the
Salisbury. Mr. Colquhoun does not distinctly fact, or at least does not appear to know it.
state that the “open door "theory must be aban. His air is that of a man who is making an
doned; but the drift of his argument seems to important communication that is wholly new
be that if England cannot keep open the whole, and original to his readers.
The other way
she must strive to keep open as much as she can;
assumes that the history has been actually writ-
and that her paramountcy in the rich and popu-
ten but not correctly written, that the reader is
lous regions watered by the Yangtsze-Kiang is
familiar with this earlier form and has been
absolutely essential to the maintenance of her influenced by it, and that it is the business of
Eastern interests. This end, which is a matter the writer not merely to tell him the truth, but
of life and death for England, can only be
so to tell it as to displace the false history that
attained by an effective occupation of the Upper is in the reader's mind. The writer is thor-
Yangtsze, and by developing communications, oughly conscious of the fact that he is not
along that main artery, and by the West River, making a new or original contribution to the
from Hongkong, and by railway connection knowledge of his readers ; on the other hand,
between Upper Burma, and through that pro-
he is conscious of the contrary at every step.
vince between India and central China. The Again, he may show this consciousness in two
Burman Irawaddy may be thus joined by rail
different
ways. He may go on with his narra-
with the navigable headwaters of the splendid tive without formal criticism of the history that
Yangtsze, and continuity of British territory and he is all the time seeking to destroy, but still
influence be established from Cape Comorin keep this history all the time in mind; or he may
through Hindostan, Burma, and south-western engage in such criticism, and so become a con-
China, up to the future Russian line. There will troversialist. These are all legitimate methods
be established the “ solid barrier” to Russia's of writing history under certain conditions, and
advance Indiawards through China Proper. Nor we have no right, prima facie, to find fault
will the “resolute forward policy” here outlined
with a writer because he uses any one, or
redound, Mr. Colquhoun urges, to England's indeed all, of them. He must adapt his method
advantage alone. It is high time, he thinks, to his work. These two ways of writing his-
and rightly, that the United States, Germany, tory may be called the narrative method and
and Australasia set themselves diligently to
the critical method.
study these Far Eastern movements.
Mr. Alexander Brown's “ First Republic in
Mr. Colquhoun does not suggest directly America” falls under the controversial form of
how the tremendous railway and kindred opera-
the critical method. He all the time has an
tions he advocates are to be financed; but we antagonist in mind. We do not say that he
may assume that he means that the British holds a brief, but we do say that he writes to
government must take the initiative, and thus maintain a thesis, or rather two theses, a major
embark upon the, for it, novel function of—as and a minor. The major thesis touches the
Lord Salisbury recently expressed it—"trac-
character of the government of Virginia pre-
ing out plans for railways in foreign countries, vious to the quo warranto of 1624 ; the minor
constructing railways in all directions, finding affects the character and the services in Vir-
capital and capitalists, and so forth.” Mr. ginia of Captain John Smith. The first thesis
Colquhoun's book tells the reader concisely is suggested by the title of the book : Virginia
what is most necessary to be known of the was the first republic in America, - or, more
present situation in China, and it tells him ex- definitely, the London Company was a semi-
plicitly how the best informed of the “for- nary, not of “ sedition,” as the Spanish minis-
ward” school would like to deal with it *THE FIRST REPUBLIC IN AMERICA. An Account of the
indeed we may say, now that Mr. Curzon has Origin of this Nation, written from the record, then (1624)
concealed by the Council rather than from the histories then
gone out to India as viceroy, how it is not
licensed by the Crown. By Alexander Brown, D.C.L. Boston:
unlikely to be dealt with.
E. G. J. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
:


166
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
<<
ter said, but of popular rights. In the author's Brown respecting him toto celo. Smith's writ-
own words: “The London Company of ings remind Mr. Fiske of General Grant's
1609–24 ... had been a cradle of civil and Memoirs” by their stamp of honesty upon
religious liberty; in it were fostered the ideas every page, and he considers him one of the
which were the germ of the Commonwealth of noblest and most lovable characters in Ameri-
England and the genesis of the United States.” can history.
As respects John Smith, the contention is Mr. Brown's theory of Smith is really a part
not that the Pocohontas tale is a myth; on this of his theory of Virginia and the London Com-
point little is said but that Smith was a fac-
pany. Virginia was the first republic in Amer.
tious, vainglorious adventurer, the apologist ica, and if it has not so appeared to men it is
and eulogist of James I., and corrupter of the because Smith falsified the early history. But
very sources of our national history. Mr. Brown how could he do this ? The great promoters
does not doubt that Smith was a brave man, of the colony were men of grand ideas and
or deny that he is deserving of some praise for noble spirit; they sought, while keeping the
some things which he did in Virginia ; but institutions of Virginia in conformity with the
• He was not a hero nor a saint; he was not the laws of England, to advance civil and religious
founder of Virginia, nor the father of New England. liberty in the plantation, and they were finally
,
Inspired by his controlling trait, vanity, he provided for
balked, in so far as they were balked, by the
his present and future fame by catering to the ideas of
the king; by furnishing his own eulogy in the various mean, narrow, and oppressive policy of James I.
tracts and books published by himself, and in the notes,
No one familiar with the facts is likely to ques-
etc., supplied by him to others; and by leaving (in his tion this view of the matter. In particular, no
will) £20 (more than twice as much as his contribution one who reads Mr. Brown's pages is likely to
- £9 — to Virginia), to be disbursed in bis own funeral
expenses. He would really ha been more deserving
question the high character and noble ideals of
of our respect if he had been guiltless of doing some of
Sir Edwin Sandys. The facts, too, seem to
these things; yet he has been regarded as the only man show that Smith was ranged on the King's side
in Virginia' because he was the only man who did these rather than the founders' side. The great ques-
things. «Vanity of vanities, all is vanity. Very many tion is simply whether the government under
. '
more modest and more worthy men lie unhonored and
unknown beneath the sacred soil of the Old Dominion.
the Company was so bad, and the history of the
... Our first history, founded on the vanity of King colony so disastrous, that the King was justified
James and Captain John Smith, is a shame, and we can- in forcing Virginia, by means of the
quo
not mend the matter by canonizing its author, or by ranto, out of their hands. Mr. Brown's theory
defending its errors. We must correct its wrongs and
is that Smith and the King were virtually in
render justice to our real founders."
collusion; that his accounts of things in Vir-
This is Mr. Brown's task: he undertakes to
ginia forwarded the royal purpose; while the
write our early history as it should be written,
destruction of one part of the Company's record
and so to write it as to displace the false his and the long concealment of another part left
tory that has so long found acceptance. Merely Smith's accounts mainly unchallenged. On this
.
to pronounce upon the important questions that
point we are bound to think the author has been
he raises, would be stale and unprofitable; and
somewhat carried away by his enthusiasm for
to traverse the ground with him, would take us
the Company and his detestation of Smith.
too far afield. So we must be content with
Some of the most interesting passages in the
offering some remarks on two or three of the
volume relate to the origin and propagation of
more interesting features of the book.
the ideas that Sandys and his associates sought
As to John Smith, it is the same with him
to plant in Virginia. Mr. Brown is a Church-
dead that it was with him living: he still sets
man,
but and over again he points to Gen-
men by the ears. He was a prisoner in irons
eva as the fons et origo of the republican move-
when he reached Virginia, was engaged in ment. Still Mr. Brown appears anxious that
quarrels nearly all the time that he was there, the Church of England shall have due meed
and while at the head of the government insisted of praise for the good work done in America.
on governing alone. Smith may have been
“Although civil and religious liberty was planted in
right in all these transactions, and everybody
America under the inspiration of the liberal ideas then
else
wrong ;
but it must be said of this hypoth- budding in England, which were largely derived from
esis, as of so much else in his career, - possi.
an admiration impressed on the minds of English stu-
ble but not probable. We see no prospect of
dents for the form of government established for Geneva
by Calvin and the Reformers, the accomplishment of
men ever agreeing about Smith. Mr. John
these “popular' ideas was due to the popular charters
Fiske, for example, differs from Mr. Alexander of the Virginia Company of London drafted by Sir
a
war-
over


1898.]
167
THE DIAL
6
6
>
a
>
>
Edwin Sandys, “a Church of England man' and a son morality, and especially upon Darwin's evolu-
of one of the heads of that Church. For it was under
tionary scheme as sketched in his “ Descent of
these charters that the seed was planted both in South
Man." The author describes “full half” of
and in North Virginia. Sufficient honor rightly belongs
to the Pilgrim Fathers to make it unnecessary to take
his book as being " a detailed expansion of the
for them any honor which rightly belongs to others; fourth and fifth chapters of the • Descent of
and, after giving all due credit to others, it must be Man.'” Mr. Sutherland maintains that the
confessed that civil and religious liberty in the new moral instinct originates and grows with sym-
world owe their first debt to broadminded Churchmen,
and to the liberality of the Church of England, which pathy, and that sympathy is implied in the
pa-
was also the great factor in holding America for the
rental care which springs up quite early in the
Anglo-Saxon against the Church of Rome.”
evolution of life as a more advantageous method
Here is matter for a dissertation, but we have than careless fertility. He shows clearly how
space only for the reflection that in distributing from fish, which without parental care require
the honors of the period of 1606–1624, it is a million eggs a year to keep up the species,
easy to make quite too much of such words as the number of offspring is steadily diminished
“ pilgrim,” “ puritan,” and “ churchman.”
“
in succeeding types till in apes and man one in
Puritanism was not separated from Anglican- two years is the average.
ism by a flash of lightning, while there was
« The connection between this decline in the numbers
sometimes little difference between the Pilgrim of offspring and the general rise of intelligence is very
and the Churchman except the external fact
ment of life which the world's daily history presents,
that one was out of and the other in the Estab
only the development of remarkable faculties could save
lishment.
a race from destruction if a single young one each year
We have barely space left to speak of the
from each female was its sole reliance. And there is
valuable service that Mr. Brown rendered his-
no sort of progress more essential in this regard than
that advance of parental care which serves to carry the
torical scholarship by his “ Genesis of the
feeble young ones over their initial dangers.”
United States.” The present work is an out-
growth of that one. The earlier work was a
A large part of the first volume is taken up
with a careful and interesting study of the
compilation of historical documents, with pref-
progress of parental care in fishes, amphibians,
ace, introduction, and annotation; the later one
reptiles, birds, mammals, and mankind; and a
purports to be history itself. It is not an easy like study is made of conjugal and general so-
book to read. Mr. Brown's style tends to heavi.
ness, while the great number of quotations that pathy awaken and are developed in connection
cial sympathy. Both conjugal and social sym-
he introduces, sometimes whole documents, re-
with parental sympathy, and perform the great-
inforces the tendency. He has prepared a val-
est service in the advancement of the species.
uable book—for his purpose, the more valuable
“ The quality of sympathy whose origin was so hum-
because it is beavy; but his most ardent ad- ble that in fish and reptile its function was merely to
mirer need not hesitate to admit that he will
facilitate the hatching of the better type in a world of
hold his place in literature as a purveyor of ceaseless struggle and destruction, has risen by perfect
historical material rather than as an historian.
continuity to form the basis of the most beautiful of all
His patience in search of documents seems to
things that earth contains: a moral nature swayed by
impulses of pure and tender sympathy."
be tireless, and his judgment as to their value
The second volume discusses the four forms
is commonly sound; but the historian's art he
has not.
of morality to which sympathy gives rise. First
B. A. HINSDALE.
of all, primitive simple sympathy is itself a
natural morality.
“ The man who never fails of kindliness in his rela-
AN EVOLUTIONARY THEORY OF MORALS.*
tions as father, husband, brother, friend, or citizen, is a
good man. There are three higher stages he may yet
To naturalistic and evolutionary theories of attain. There is the morality of duty, the morality of
morals, which have been so current of late
self-respect, and there is the morality which springs
from an ideal of the beauty of goodness. But these by
years, Mr. Alexander Sutherland makes a
themselves are weak and pretentious things when they
painstaking and elaborate contribution in The
want their natural basis, a true and warm-hearted sym-
Origin and Growth of the Moral Instinct." pathy. Sympathy, or, as it is there called, love, is the
Mr. Sutherland founds himself upon Adam
basis of morality; indeed, is morality in the religions of
Jesus and Buddha."
Smith's doctrine of sympathy as the essence of
The feeling of duty Mr. Sutherland derives
*THE ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF THE MORAL INSTINCT. By
Alexander Sutherland, M.A. In two volumes. New York:
from the social pressure on the individual of
Longmans, Green, & Co.
the average sympathy of the race. Men every-


168
[Sept. 16,
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-
>
W
where are restrained and impelled by the stand- necessarily out of sympathy for the young, but
ard of their community and nation.
because they are of him and his. He shows
“Morality assumes a very noble aspect when, to the same spirit as when he defends his captured
sympathy and a cheerful compliance with duty whose food against invaders. Of course only thor-
sanction external, there is added a complete surrender
ough scientific psychological investigation can
to that sense of self-respect which is only duty with an
internal sanction. . . . Morality appears in all its noblest
decide the matter, but the presumption is
guise, when upon these three there is superimposed an against sympathy. Parental care even in man-
æsthetic glow; when the sense of right conduct awakens kind is largely based on selfish emotion. Thus,
all the enthusiasm that kindles within us at the aspect strike child and the father's anger blazes
of aught that is beautiful."
Later in his work, Mr. Sutherland takes up sympathy comes in if a stranger standing by
against you for injuring his child, the pure
,
the subjects of responsibility, right and wrong, interferes on the child's behalf.
and the psychology of sympathy. In ignorance On the whole, while we think this work a con-
of the James-Lange theory, be elaborates for
siderable contribution to the biology of the sub-
himself a thoroughgoing physiological theory of ject, in its psychology it has effected but little. .
emotion,—that all emotions are due to changes Just what sympathy is, and where it begins in
of vascular tone.” So “ maternal affection is
So “maternal affection is animal life, and how it progresses, cannot be
connected fundamentally with a change of vas- solved in any off-hand manner, but only by par-
cular tone which causes the yearning tender-
ticular scientific psychological observations and
ness experienced by the mother at sight of her experimentation which have yet to be made. In
babe.” The whole process is physiological from psychology the author shows little aptitude,
the very beginning.
training, or information. While this book dis-
“ « But suppose that in the slow succession of monot plays considerable merit and ability, it exploits
onous ages a slight advance in nerve organization should
happen to synchronize with a small tendency on the
a system too dogmatically without consideration
part of parents to guard their eggs or their offspring,
of difficulties to be thoroughly convincing; and
the higher type might, and probably would, thereby its vast range makes it in some respects, despite
escape the effects of its prolonged immaturity. And if
the author's industry, rather superficial and
so, it is very plain that when, under this sheltering con-
dition, it did in fact attain its adult state, then would
HIRAM M. STANLEY.
cursory.
its quicker sense, its subtler brain, its more deftly co-
ordinated powers, give it ascendancy over all its fellows."
The main criticism we have to offer on this A SCHOLARS' HISTORY OF GREECE.*
book is a psychological one. The author takes
The fourth and concluding volume of the
too readily for granted that parental care always English version of Holm's History of Greece
implies sympathy, and he nowhere closely de-
has finally been issued, and this important work
fines and analyzes sympathy. He describes sym-
is now as a whole in the hands of English and
pathy as “only a general term we give to that
American readers for examination and use.
subtle susceptibility of nerve which renders one
That it will take high and permanent place
individual ready to catch the contagion of the
as an authority is not to be questioned ; though
emotions of another individual.” But surely the
this has for some years been true of the Ger-
mere catching of an emotion from another does
man original, which scholars have of course
not of itself constitute sympathy. For instance, consulted. But it is doubtful whether Holm's
panic is contagious fear, but sympathy is usually history will be widely read or intelligently esti-
absent. Sympathy is not a mere partaking of
mated by many outside of professional students.
the emotions of others, but is a particular kind
In no sense can it be expected to be “popular”;
of an emotion at the emotion or experience of
the narrative lacks charm, and the inevitable
the others, a feeling of pity and a desire to aid.
condensation in treatment makes hard reading
Sympathy is, then, a rather advanced and com-
in these days of episodical surveys, “stories of
plex emotion, and so unlikely to be found in
the nations,” and war sketches. Holm has
animals unless in slight measure in highest something of the caustic humor and homely
types. Offspring are primarily a part of one's telling phraseology of Mommsen ; but his book
self, or are one's possession, the primitive prop-
will remain a brilliant piece of laboratory work
erty, and thus parental care in earlier stages rather than literature.
may imply only the simple self-conservative
The translation of the first three volumes has
emotions, like anger and fear. The male stickle-
* THE HISTORY OF GREECE. By Adolf Holm. Translated
back shows great activity in protecting his
from the German by Frederick Clarke. In four volumes.
young, great rage against their enemies, not New York: The Macmillan Co.


1898.]
169
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>
already been noticed at some length in these scholar, Professor Sterrett of Amherst as an ac-
columns; the fourth, now before us, must be cepted guide in the archæology of Asia Minor.
briefly considered. Its range is “the Graeco- The translation seems more carefully done
Macedonian age, the period of the Kings and
,
than in the preceding volumes: the English
the Leagues, from the death of Alexander style is well considered; and there are very few
1
(B. C. 323) to the incorporation of the last slips in grammar or proof-reading to offend the
Macedonian monarchy in the Roman empire,” eye. “ Memmon” (p. 94) for Memnon, the
which took place in the year B. C. 30. This omission of the historian Freeman's first initial
pushes far past the limit (Alexander's death) (p. 269), “ North America” (p. 270) for the
set by Grote, and even beyond the usual | United States, and an inexcusable “ was de-
146 B.C., the terminus of most histories of feated like Dionysius had been at Gela,” nearly
Greece. Holm's reasons for this extension of complete the tale; and there are a few minor
dates are tersely stated in the preface :
inconsistencies in spelling. On the whole,
“My decision not to end with the year 146, as I orig-
Holm’s History of Greece will be immensely
inally intended, will be justified by the narrative. It is prized by the world of scholars for whom it was
precisely the larger compass, both in point of time and
written.
JOSIAH RENICK SMITH.
space, thus given to my history which has enabled me,
as I believe, to approximate more closely to an import-
ant result, viz., a proper estimate of the character of
the Greek world in this period and in particular of the
civic life of the independent cities. The relations be-
PAPERS FROM THE
tween Rome and the Greeks also seemed to me not to
WORLD'S FAIR FOLK-LORE CONGRESS.*
have been always correctly appreciated . .. finally, I
may point out that the self-government of the Greeks Long delayed, but none the less welcome,
under the supremacy of the Kings and the Romans, on
is the Report of the International Folk-Lore
which I have laid stress, is a historical fact of some
importance; and that consequently the study of this
Congress held in Chicago in 1893 — one of the
section of ancient history may be more profitable than
most successful of the long series of Congresses
some authorities of our day seem to think.”
held at the time of the Exposition. The papers
It is precisely the novelty of these varied
read were of more than usual popular as well
as scientific interest. This success was in large
chapters on the civilization of the kingdoms set
going by the Diadochi that will compensate the part due to the
part due to the energy and able management of
thoughtful student for the apparently scattered
Lieut. F. S. Bassett, who was chief interpreter
effect of the volume as a whole. When a world-
and translator of the Exposition and at the
empire like that of Alexander breaks to pieces,
same time chairman of the Folk-Lore Con.
the task of its historian, hitherto simple, be-
gress. Mr. Bassett died in October of 1893.
comes distracting; and a dozen scholars may
Very fittingly, a notice of his life and work
more profitably produce monographs than any
appears in this volume.
one of them may attempt to cover the ground.
Mythical and traditional beliefs, native
Holm has coördinated, digested, and sometimes
songs, peculiar customs and institutions which
opposed the conclusions of his predecessors ; he
have survived from the past — that is, folk-
has read to confute, in many instances; but his lore — are to be found in every land. As wide
views will command the respect, if not the ac-
in range as the subject itself were the papers
ceptance, of all scholars. At any rate, here is
read at the Congress and now published in the
a clear and well-balanced summing-up of one of
first volume of the archives of the Association.
the
most perplexing portions of ancient
history. Fifty-six papers were presented by students of
The fourth volume continues the excellent
folk-lore from all parts of the world. Some of
features of the other three ; and adds the long them, as now printed, are very brief, or are
awaited index, which might be somewhat more
merely collections of folk-tales or accounts of
minute. We learn, also, the name of the trans- popular practices ; while others are careful
lator : it is Frederick Clarke, formerly Tay. | interpretations and studies of myths and tales.
lorian scholar in the University of Oxford.
Detailed reference to them all is of course
The full and accurate lists of authorities ap-
impossible. One or two which seem of especial
pended to each chapter are as valuable as ever ;
interest and importance may be noticed." Mr.
and the references to revisions of great stand-
David MacRitchie, in a paper of fourteen
ard works, such as the Pauly-Wissowa Real- * THE INTERNATIONAL FOLK-LORE CONGRESS OF THE
encyclopädie, are quite up to date. We may
WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. Volume I. Archives of
the International Folk-Lore Association. Edited by Helen W.
note the frequent mention of an American Bassett and Frederick Starr. Chicago: Charles H. Sergel Co.


170
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
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ar
pages, discusses “ The Northern Trolls.” Scan- . about a million and a half. A lover of the
dinavia is a country rich in mythical lore. These Latavians
Latavians — Dr. Henry Wissendorff — has
trolls, or dwarfs, have been looked upon in re- written a brief sketch of them, their history,
cent times as mythical beings existing only in industry, intelligence, and progress. As might
the stories of the people. There seems, how- be expected in a people as old as they, there is
ever, good reason to believe that there did live to be found among them an abundance of tales,
in Northern Europe at one time a people small traditions, and peculiar customs, which, when
in stature, dwarfs or pigmies, smaller than the carefully studied, are certain to yield much of
Lapps and occupying the country before them. value to European history and ethnology.
Scandinavian traditions describe these dwarfs From the two papers discussed, some idea
in considerable detail. Mr. MacRitchie, fol- will be gained of the contents of this volume.
lowing Professor Nilsson, draws an interesting While the papers are valuable in themselves,
parallel between these people and the Lapps a still greater value it is believed will be found
a parallel so striking that there seems little dif- in the lines of study indicated and in the incen-
ficulty in identifying them, at least in part, and tive to further investigation which they will
so making the dwarfs a real people. Mr. Mac- prove. The book contains illustrations of ob-
Ritchie goes further, and shows that the Norse- jects of ethnologic interest, and portraits of
men for several centuries “applied the three some members of the Congress whose papers
terms, Lapp, troll, and pigmy, to one people on are here published. MERTON L. MILLER.
the western shores of the Atlantic.” Here in
America, then, it appears a small people was
living when the Norsemen landed. They may
RECENT FICTION.*
have been the Eskimo; or, since there are tra-
ditions among the Eskimo, as among the Lapps,
The fame of Herr Sudermann has been fairly
of a still smaller folk who lived in caves under
well bruited abroad during the past few years, but
ground, it may be that the Eskimo were pre-
we have come to think of him as essentially a dra-
ceded on the American coast by a race of
matist, hearing little of the remarkable novels to
dwarfs. The trolls of Northern Europe and
which his first reputation in his own country was
due. It is true that we had an English version of
the dwarfs of America, Mr. MacRitchie sug-
“ Frau Sorge" several years ago, but the far more
gests, were the ancestors of the Ainu of Eastern powerful novel of “ Die Katzensteg " has remained
Asia. Several characters, notably the shaggy untranslated until now, when Miss Beatrice Mar-
skins, point to a connection between them. shall has done the work 80 acceptably as to deserve
While this does not seem to be proved, few will the warmest gratitude. “Regina ; or, The Sins of
hesitate to accept the pigmies of Scandinavia the Fathers,” the novel is now entitled, although the
as a reality, and no one will fail to see the value expression, " The Cat's Bridge” occurs frequently
in ethnological study of attention to mythical *REGINA; or, The Sins of the Fathers. By Hermann
and traditional lore. As Mr. W. E. Griffis Sudermann. Translated by Beatrice Marshall. New York:
John Lane.
points out in his discussion of the folk-lore of
ARACHNE. A Historical Romance. By Georg Ebers.
Japan, “The folk - lore is often a distorted Translated by Mary J. Safford. Two volumes. New York:
shadow of real history, while also it is true that
D. Appleton & Co.
the events of prehistoric times are brought Translated from the Provençal of Félix Gras, by Catharine
THE TERROR. A Romance of the French Revolution,
before us by means of the folk-tales handed A. Janvier. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
down to us from ages older than writing in
THE RED LILY. By Anatole France. New York: Bren-
tano's.
Japan.”
THE FIRE OF LIFE. A Novel. By Charles Kennett Burrow.
Somewhat incidentally, one gains from these New York: Henry Holt & Co.
papers a considerable knowledge of various THE MILLIONAIRES. A Novel. By F. Frankfort Moore.
peoples, aside from their folk-lore. In Western
New York: D. Appleton & Co.
JOHN OF STRATHBOURNE. A Romance of the Days of
Russia, on the shores of the Baltic, live the
Francis I. By R. D. Chetwode. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
Lithuano-Latavian people, numbering a little JOHN SHIP, MARINER; or, By Dint of Valor. By Knarf
less than five millions. They are very interest-
Elivas. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Co.
ing in themselves, and especially in that it has
THE MAKING OF A SAINT. By William Somerset Maugham,
Boston: L. C. Page & Co.
been claimed for them, with much reason, that
WHEN KNIGHTHOOD WAS IN FLOWER. By Edwin Cas-
they are the nearest representatives, in their koden. Indianapolis : The Bowen-Merrill Co.
speech, of the original Aryans. The Latavian THE MORAL IMBECILES. By Sarah P. McL. Greene. New
York: Harper & Brothers.
branch of this once important people, better
PHASES OF AN INFERIOR PLANET. By Ellen Glasgow
known as Lettonian or Lettish, numbers to-day New York: Harper & Brothers.


1898.]
171
THE DIAL
a
-
enough in the narrative to have warranted its use of the famous Marseillaise batallion offers one of
upon the title-page. It is a powerful work of fiction, the most truthful pictures in romantic fiction of the
imbued with the Nietzschean scorn of conventional stirring scenes of the early revolutionary days, when
morality that sweeps like a wind-storm through so mankind seemed to have recovered a long lost birth-
much of recent German literature. Stagnant waters right, and when the deepest and most generous
need to be stirred at times, in literature as else- instincts of the human soul were endowed with
where, but whether the philosophy of the Ueber- a new life. Those days of fine enthusiasm were,
mensch and the Umwerthung aller Werthe is likely as history sadly relates, followed by days so dark that
to stir them to healing effect is at least doubtful. it seemed for a time as if the Revolution had set back
Its sweep has a bracing effect, at any rate, and its the hand upon the dial of human progress instead of
strength is undeniable, whether associated with poe- moving it forward, and in “The Terror” M. Gras
"
try, as in “ Die Versunkene Glocke," or relying depicts for us the horrors of the Year One of the
apon no such ally, as in the uncompromising and Republic. Pascalet does not figure in this sequel,
almost brutal novel now under consideration. The but the winsome Comtessine Adeline whom he loved,
period is that of the War of Liberation, but the and who remained through all vicissitudes true to his
problem is rather of the present era than of the year memory, is ever present as the centre of interest, and
that witnessed the last gigantic struggle against the her pursuit by, and final escape from, the scoundrels
Corsican brigand. The hero is an East Prussian who were seeking her life forms the substance of the
Junker who has sought to wipe out, by fighting for tale. It is essentially an intimate and even homely
the Fatherland, the stain
left upon his name by the view of the Terror that we get from these pages, not
treachery of his father. He finds all society leagued the unmixed sensationalism of most works of the sort,
against him, in spite of his own heroic deeds, and although lurid scenes are not lacking, and although
is thrown back upon the sole companionship of the blood flows profusely upon many occasions. But
woman who had been his father's associate in more peace follows the storm at last, and sunset light falls
kinds of sinful conduct than one. Abhorring her at upon the closing scenes in Avignon.
first, he comes in time to tolerate, recognizing that There is no excuse for such a publication as “ The
she, at least, had sinned through ignorance, and Red Lily.” It pretends to be a translation of “Le
believing - a dangerous sophistry that she had Lys Rouge,” by M. Anatole France, and, as trans-
remained pure in soul. Finally, when she has died lations go, it is no worse or more reckless than hun-
to save his life, his volte-face is completed, and one dreds of others. But it is almost sacrilege to treat
cannot easily forget the scene in which he buries M. France in this brutal fashion, and the book
her with his own hands, and sets a broken statue of clearly appeals to the sensuality rather than to the
Diana above her grave as a tombstone. The pastor artistic interest of its readers. The wonderful style
appears and offers Christian burial for the deceased. that makes its original so beautiful that we half
“Many thanks, your reverence, but I have already excuse its unashamed utterance has disappeared
buried her with Pagan rites.” This is the note of utterly in the present version, and little is left us
final revolt, and clearly what the author would have save a vulgar tale of passion. No wonder that the
us take as the essential moral of the whole action. translator is ashamed to set his name to the thing.
It is an ideal that will never win permanent accept- “The Fire of Life,” by Mr. Charles Kennett
ance, but its influence will be hard to combat, and Burrow, is a remarkably well-written and pleasing
the strife will be sharp.
work of fiction, compounded of the elements that are
Dr. Ebers, in the romance completed shortly be- most familiar to novel-readers, yet made fresh and
fore his death, has left the medieval Germans of charming by skilful treatment. It is true that
Nuremberg and returned to the Greeks in Egypt. “the fire of life," as it appears to the author,
The hero of “Arachne" is the sculptor Hermon is a sentimental glow rather than a volcanic outburst
whose descendants made Pergamon famous in the of passion, and the book might safely be admitted
history of art, and wrought the gigantic works that to a Sunday School collection. But it deserves
are the wonder of the Berlin museum. All this, a wider audience than it could secure in that way,
however, is merely suggested at the close of the for, within its limitations, it is a successful produc-
romance, just as the career of Erasmus is suggested tion, sweet, wholesome, and almost strong.
at the close of “The Cloister and the Hearth.” The “ The Millionaires ” is a story of English society
substance of “Arachne " is a tale of jealous passion, by Mr. F. Frankfort Moore, who has done work so
ending in a tragedy for the heroine, and all but wreck- much better in the past that we hardly recognize
ing the life of the hero. It is stiff and wooden in con- his hand in the present case. In his effort to show
ception, although rather less so than the later works how appallingly clever he can be he makes all of
of this writer have been wont to be, and the interest, his characters speak a language as unlike that of
both romantic and archeological, is considerable. rational human beings as could easily be imagined.
Readers of “The Reds of the Midi,” as trans- If the novel were frankly put forward as a burlesque
lated from the Provençal of M. Félix Gras by Mrs. like “ The Londoners” of Mr. Hichens - it
Janvier, will welcome a continuation of the narrative might pass muster; but there is unfortunately only
done into English by the same skilful hands. The too much evidence that the author expects to be
vividly picturesque story of the march to Paris taken seriously, which it is quite impossible to do.
&
66


172
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
a
66
“ John of Strathbourne” is an unu
nusually satis- of the queer people with whom she is associated.
factory romance of adventure in France and Italy There is another heroine, described as beautiful,
during the stirring days of the early sixteenth cen- who always contrives to have her own way, and ends
tury. It is the kind of story that Mr. Weyman and by marrying a country bumpkin. The most amusing
others have told so many times, but no better, to figure in this gallery is that of the lunatic, and he
our thinking, than the comparatively unknown pres- at least does not keep us puzzled in the attempt
ent writer. There are perils and escapes without to fit his words and acts into any kind of rational
end, and the usual haughty and high-born maiden scheme.
who scorns the hero at first, and throws herself into Miss Ellen Glasgow, whose strong novel, “The
his arms at the close. We can heartily commend Descendant,” attracted much attention a year or
it for entertainment with a modicum of instruction. 80 ago, has published a second story with the strange
Mr. Frank Savile, who by way of childish mysti- title, “ Phases of an Inferior Planet.” What this
fication spells his name backward, is the author means we hardly venture to say. Mercury and
of “John Ship, Mariner,” a reasonably stirring Venus are the only inferior planets known to astron-
tale of the Spanish Armada. The hero is an English omy, and Miss Glasgow's story is distinctly one of this
youth who runs away from home, sails to Guinea with mundane sphere. Probably the title aims to suggest
Hawkins, is captured by Spaniards and falls a vic- the faultiness of earthly existence, an impression
tim to the Inquisition. Forced to sail as a pilot with fortified by perusal of the novel, which tells us
the Armada, he escapes in the storm and lands upon of human lives turned awry in the most perverse
the Faroe Islands, where he wins both love and fashion. We can hardly wax sympathetic over a
fortune, the latter in the shape of the treasure hero who learns nothing more from suffering than
contained in a sunken Spanish galleon. The story to make his career a living lie, and the heroine,
is like a hundred others of the sort, told in the first winsome as she is in the earlier chapters, loses hold
person for the sake of the hero's children, and well upon our interest when she deserts her husband for
managed as to its episodes and its outcome.
a life of ease such as he is unable to secure for her.
In “The Making of a Saint” we have a story The book has alternations of vivacity and sombre
of fifteenth-century Italian life — intrigue, amorous strength that make it undeniably interesting, but
adventure, and assassination being its chief elements. seems to be based upon no controlling idea except
The scene is Forli, and the action relates to the con- that of two mismated people, and the wretchedness
spiracy against a tyrant, who is murdered, and the that invades the life of husband and wife when
revenge
taken
upon the murderers by his vindictive neither of them can possibly understand the tem-
widow. Somewhat abruptly, we learn at the close perament of the other.
that the narrator and principal figure became a monk,
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
but this is not enough to account for such a title as is
given to the romance. There is nothing to indi-
cate the “making,” in any psychological sense,
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
saint” out of the swaggering adventurer who
tells the story, nothing, in fact, anywhere in the book,
That sane and practical thinker on
to make it more than an artificial surface chronicle
Neo-Celticism.
literary affairs, called Max Beer-
of such incidents as made up the substance of aristo-
bohm, recently announced that it is
cratic life in every Italian state during the age of the one of the grievous signs of the times that there
despots.
is at present no campaign of satire and ridicule
“When Knighthood Was in Flower” is a histor- of youthful genius. Everybody is praised and en-
ical romance of England in the sixteenth century, couraged and helped. The only ebullition he finds
having for its theme the love of Charles Brandon, to jeer at is the Celtic Renascence; and his own
later Duke of Suffolk, and the Princess Mary Tudor, modest Aling at this movement seems to him one of
sister of King Hal. It is written in the familiar the most hopeful indications on the literary horizon.
manner of affected archaism, and makes, as most We have often agreed with Mr. Max Beerbohm,
such productions do, the impression of a group of but we cannot agree with him here. We persist in
moderns in historical masquerade. But the heroine taking the Celtic Renascence seriously, and we lose
is delineated in a very winsome way, and both plot no opportunity to inform the public that its message
and incident are skilfully managed. Read without is unsound. America shall not follow the will-o'-the-
too exacting a mind, there is much entertainment to wisp of Neo-Celtic doctrine if we can help it. Still,
be got from this story.
we must confess that “ The Shadow of Arvor" by
One of the characters in “ The Moral Imbeciles” Miss Edith Wingate Rinder (Patrick Geddes, Edin-
is an admitted lunatic, and most of the others would burgh) though not a new gospel, is rather a nice
seem to be promising candidates for an asylum. book. We like it, on the whole, better than the
Things are all topsy-turvy in this farcical perform- recondite labors of Mr. Yeats or Miss Fiona Mac-
The hero is a reformed forger who becomes leod. It rings truer,
and for this there is a rea-
a street-car conductor, and makes desperate love son, namely, that, so far as we can see, it is truer.
to the ugly heroine — a woman with an aggressive “The legendary tales and episodes contained in
sense of duty who is yet morally as imbecile as any this volume are translated from or based upon the
of "
a
Armorican
ance.


1898.]
173
THE DIAL
For now
writings of the following Breton folk-lorists and
Completion of
By the publication of a third volume,
romancers” - and then follow the names of a num- a masterpiece one of the most important works of
ber of French writers, most of whom are not easily
of science.
science ever undertaken in this coun-
accessible to the general reader. The precise rela- try is now completed. “An Illustrated Flora of the
tion to their originals of the several stories of which Northern United States, Canada, and the British
the book is made up does not wholly appear, but Possessions” (Scribner), by Dr. Nathaniel Lord
the book has as a whole a good deal of the charm Britton and the Hon. Addison Brown, is the only
of the true peasant legend of France.
work of its kind that provides illustrations, drawn
neo-Celticism, having struck the lyre of Taliesin of carefully to scale, of every species of flowering plant
,
Wales, of Garselit “the Irishman whom it is safe to known to exist in the vast territory included be-
follow,” of de-Macphersonized Ossian, proceeds as tween Newfoundland and the southern boundary of
it were to strike hands across the sea and arouses Virginia, between the Atlantic Ocean and the 102d
the legendary romance of Brittany; nor is the re- meridian. The concluding volume, now before us,
sult unworthy. These tales are some ancient, some is devoted entirely to the Gamopetalæ not brought
modern, but all worth reading, for each one has within the scope of the preceding volume, and nearly
written in it much of charming old-time fancy or one-half of its contents are taken up by the Com-
thought suffused in something of the old-time atmos- positæ alone. The number of species figured in the
phere. There may also be some mystic message, as whole work is 4162, comprising 177 families and
is common in Neo-Celticism; but if there is, we 1103 genera. Of these species, eighty-one are either
content ourselves with Mr. Gleeson White's remark new discoveries or new determinations, and are given
on the same element as possibly existing in Mr. in an appendix. Two elaborate indexes, of Latin
Herbert McNair's Celtic designs for furniture: “If and English names respectively, fill the closing
it be present there," said he, “it is too subtly indi- pages of the volume. The latter of these indexes is
cated to be apparent to a mere matter-of-fact South- the most thoroughgoing catalogue of popular plant-
erner.” This is as it should be : 80 long as there is names in English that has ever been made, and is
no danger of their being infected with Neo-Celtic invaluable for purposes of identification by those
doctrine, we are glad that our readers should have who do not know how to use the analytical keys also
the pleasure they may get from this very attractive provided. It is difficult to find words of praise high
book.
enough for the three volumes of this magnificent
work, which is commended alike by its scientific
“Essays, Mock-Essays, and Charac-
Essays and
thoroughness, the speed with which it has been
mock-essays.
ter Sketches" (Macmillan) is the
pushed to completion, and the moderate price at
title of a volume of reprints from the
which it is offered to the public.
« Journal of Education," that needs no apology.
With a few exceptions, the papers are worth pre-
Prof. Alfred C. Haddon is already
serving. They are mainly of an educational cast,
Studies in
known to the general reader by his
culture-history.
but they are untechnical and appeal to lay as well
valuable book on “ Evolution in Art,
as professional readers. The group of Mock-
“ as Illustrated by the Life Histories of Designs.”
Essays " seems to call for special comment. It con- To the anthropologist he is known for important
sists of a group of six brief papers selected from a explorations in New Guinea, and for works upon
mass of compositions sent in to the publishers in craniology and New Guinean arts. He is also a
response to an offer of prizes for the best imitations popular lecturer and teacher. He is well qualified
of the standard essayists. Of the specimens given to write a little book for popular reading in order
in the volume one is after Dr. Holmes, one after to show the methods pursued in “ The Study of
Lamb, and four are after Bacon - a long way after Man," and to exhibit some of the results of such
him, we must say, though the Baconian sententious- study. In the book before us (Vol. I. of “The
ness is cleverly parodied in some cases. Mr. C. Law- Science Series,” Putnam) he first discusses work
rence Ford's “On the Shaking of Hands” (after in Physical Anthropology. A general statement is
Lamb) strikes us as rather the best paper of the given concerning measurements and their import-
)
lot, considered as an imitation; while Mrs. Tolle- “ Hair and Eye-color," “ Value of Head-
mache’s“ The Sparrow Colonel” (after Dr. Holmes) form in Anthropology,” and “ The Nose” are
is a pretty thing in itself, delicate and pathetic, discussed and examples are given of their practical
though it savors, to our thinking, but faintly of the value. In the chapter on “ Ethnography of the
“ Autocrat.” Other notable essays in the volume Dordogne District," an illustration is given of the
are “Mental Culture,” by Prof. James Ward; “Art way in which such physical data, when carefully
in Schools," by Dean Farrar; “What is a Col- gathered and properly handled - analytically and
lege?” by Mark Pattison ; " Jowett and his Per- synthetically — throw light on the movements and
?
-
sonal Influence,” by the Hon. L. A. Tollemache ; ethnic elements of populations. Two chapters then
“ Head-Masters I have known," by C. S. Calverley. are devoted to the evolution of the cart and the
All in all, the papers in point of pith and sound origin of the Irish jaunting-car, in order to show
intention worthily represent the useful publication the character of the data used in culture-history
they were written for.
and the mode of dealing with them. In a con-
ance.


174
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
a
66
nected series of eight chapters, Mr. Haddon next writer explains how speculation performs an im-
studies the toys and games of children. That these portant economic function by regulating prices and
are material for study is vaguely admitted by shifting the burden of risk from producers and
many persons who cannot at all see just how or dealers proper to a distinct speculative class. It
why they are important. Mr. Haddon tries to appears that this shifting of risks is accomplished
show this. In his concluding chapter the author by means of a systematic practice of “ hedging,"
brings together a considerable mass of practical now indulged in so generally by those who handle
suggestions for conducting ethnographical investi- the actual grain and cotton that the large dealer
gations in the British Islands. These are largely who does not buy and sell at the same time has
taken from the various circulars sent out by the come to be considered a reckless speculator. There
Ethnographical Survey of the United Kingdom. is a chapter on “Some Evils of Speculation,” de.
”
They are of course of value outside of Great Britain. voted mainly to manipulations of the stock market;
One point greatly emphasized in Mr. Haddon's “corners” are regarded as of little importance be-
book is that every one can find work in the anthro- cause of their temporary character. The author
pological field.
apologizes for devoting so little space to this side of
A four-volume
So exceptional a career as that of the the question, but says that while the evils of specu-
autobiography late Rev. Charles Haddon Spurgeon
lation are more widely appreciated than the advant-
of Spurgeon. must needs find an exceptional chron-
ages, they are really not so simple of comprehension
icling. Accordingly it is with little surprise that or so easily described. In the Exchange be finds
we pick up the first of four formidable volumes the essence of both the good and the evil of the
containing his “autobiography as compiled from
modern commercial system.
his papers by his wife and private secretary." The
size of the undertaking is nothing short of appalling ;
Early parties
Volume VI. of the 6 Harvard His-
and politics in
yet it must have been no slight task to reduce it to
torical Studies” (Longmans) con-
the Northwest.
its present dimensions. Spurgeon himself says that
tains a history of the Liberty and
his life was so replete that he could have constructed
Free Soil parties in the Northwest, written by Mr.
a three-volume novel from the doings of any single
Theodore Clarke Smith, Instructor in the University
day within its compass — making him a potential
of Michigan. The paper gained the Tappan prize
and ecclesiastical Crawford, so to speak. This pre- anti-slavery struggles in 1830 and extends to the
.
for 1896. The period considered begins with the
cise literary feat remained unaccomplished, but he
came perilously near to it, as the labors of the edi.
organization of the Republican party in 1854, cov-
tors here indicate. It must be confessed that there
ering the rise and fall of the semi-parties known as
is nothing in this first volume, which carries the
Liberty, Free Soil, and Free Democratic. These
story on through thirty-three chapters to the chol-
organizations "stirred up the Western conscience,
era years (1866) in London, to remove the im- kept the subject of slavery constantly before the
pression of Spurgeon which prevails generally. public, powerfully affected the policy and public
Just as his methods lacked fineness, but not results,
expressions of the old parties, and by their spokes-
men in Congress played an influential part in
just so the character he discloses through the writ-
ings which he designed to serve as his memorial
national politics." They further trained men in
before the world shows force, not culture, persist political methods, hardened young men to self-
ency, not subtlety, aggressiveness, not suppression. abnegation, and accustomed voters to a steady ad-
A man of many graces in the theological sense
herence to a great principle in the face of opposition,
of the word, he lacked the grace that makes for
contempt, and abuse, - to do right for right's sake.
literary ease, bearing out the frequently repeated
The investigation in local sources has been most
phrase that speeches and sermons which sound well
exhaustive and painstaking, and forms a complete
seldom read well. The book is published by the
résumé of political life within the period and the
Fleming H. Revell Co. in a form that must make
region under consideration. Appendices of biblio-
a popular appeal.
graphy, tables, and charts of votes, etc., complete a
very scholarly volume in a very scholarly series.
Whether speculation is a good or an
The function
of speculation.
evil thing on the whole, has been a
“The Principles of Criticism,” for-
difficult question for the economists,
ther described as “an introduction
perhaps because there is so much to be said on either
to the study of literature,” is an essay
side. Dr. Henry Crosby Emery has certainly found by Mr. W. Basil Worsfold, recently published in
a great deal to say in favor of purely speculative London by Mr. George Allen. Its purpose " is to
transactions in his essay entitled “Speculation on present an account of the main principles of literary
the Stock and Produce Exchanges of the United criticism and to illustrate these principles by passages
States” (Columbia University Studies). After de- from great writers.” It may be said at the outset
scribing the organization and business methods of that, while Mr. Worsfold's discussion of his subject
the exchanges, discussing the economic difference is sober and scholarly, being at all points both read-
between speculation and gambling, and briefly able and interesting, it breaks no new ground, and
sketching the historical development of trade, the is content with an exposition of the orthodox prin-
An essay
on criticism.


1898.]
175
THE DIAL
а
a
A handbook
66
ciples of criticism as they have been received from with the psychology of play. Professor Groos holds
the past and amplified by a few distinguished writers that play has been evolved as instinct acting in a
of our own time. The author does not for a moment manner to prepare for the work of mature life; in
doubt that there are such things as principles in this short, that play is nature's school. The puppy play-
matter, and does not seem to think the opinion | ing with his brother, chasing and biting not seri-
of the subjective and impressionist critics deserv- ously, thereby practises for the mature life when he
ing of refutation or even of consideration. In this, must chase and bite in earnest. This theory is en-
it need hardly be said, we are in agreement with forced by many stories of animals, as reported by
Mr. Worsfold, and his discussion seems to us emi- travellers, naturalists, and others. The psychic basis
nently sound and well arranged. His chief service of play the author finds in make-believe as implying
is perhaps in the bringing
together of what he lightly the joy of power and freedom. While the work is
calls “a collection of noteworthy critical utterances.” not always clear in its construction, and is greatly
This marshalling, with appropriate comment, of sig- overcharged with quotations and foot-notes, yet it is
nificant passages from the writings of Plato, Aris- a useful and suggestive volume. The editor, Pro-
totle, Addison, Lessing, Cousin, and Arnold, - to fessor J. M. Baldwin, contributes a preface, and
name the six critics chiefly singled out for treat- also an appendix on Organic Selection. The trans-
ment,- is a performance for which the author has lation is in good readable English.
our warmest thanks, although the attention given
to Addison and Cousin is possibly disproportional,
For a number of years the exhibits
and although we would gladly have seen the list less of practical of the taxidermist's art in the Amer-
taxidermy.
restricted. Special chapters upon poetry, the drama,
ican Museum of Natural History in
and the novel, follow this general setting forth of criti- New York City have excited the admiration of vis-
cal principles, and a chapter upon "Authority in Liter- iting naturalists. Representations of animals, not
ature and Art” closes the essay.
only in their natural attitudes but also in their nat-
ural surroundings, have been successfully made by
Judged by such books as Mr. Spencer Mr. John Rowley, the chief of the department of
Phases of old
New York life.
Trask’s “ Bowling Green
(Put-
taxidermy in the above-mentioned institution. He
nam), Americans are still a long has put into print an excellent handbook of his art
way off from taking their newly discovered ances-
(Appleton) which will be welcomed by everyone
tors as a matter of course. It is an interesting and interested in the artistic development of public mu-
skilfully put together little volume about an essential
seums. The book is not an elaborate treatise upon
feature in old New York life, historically faithful
the abstract principles which lie at the foundation
so far as it goes, and of a certain consequence to all
of artistic taxidermy, but is rather a compendium
who look upon that sort of thing as consequential.
full of practical hints and suggestions, recipes, and
It is a remarkable thing to notice how much the
formulas for the working taxidermist. The outfit
early days improve with age ; all the disagreeable
necessary for a collecting trip and the routine of
features of life, unless they can be charged to Great field work are discussed in the opening chapter,
Britain during the two wars, disappear. It was no
while succeeding ones deal with tools and material;
unusual thing for convicts and other undesirable
casting in wax, papier-maché, clay, and plaster; the
persons to be sent to America by the ship-load; yet mounting of birds and mammals ; of fishes, reptiles,
the only descendants they appear to have left be-
and crustaceans; the preparations of skeletons; and
hind them are those “poor whites " in the South
the reproduction of foliage. A valuable appendix
who have no spokesman before the world to deny gives the sources from which the various materials
it. Still, the book serves a useful if a limited pur-
may be obtained.
The abundant illustrations en-
pose. But what does Mr. Trask mean by calling hance the utility of the work, and render it a most
Broadway “the longest street in the world”? This
complete and reliable handbook of the subject.
western country is full of highways that run from the
great lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, and bid fair to be
The Cross,
The voluminous work on “ The Cross
continued on to Terra del Fuego with the national its symbolism in Tradition, History, and Art "
expansion.
and history.
(Putnam), from the pen of the late
Animal Psychology is just now a Rev. William Wood Seymour, is confined chiefly to
A study of the much cultivated department, and the Christian uses and significance of this important
play of animals.
Mrs. E. L. Baldwin's translation of symbol. It has not been noted that one reason why
the pioneer monograph of Professor Groos, “The the cross is so widely diffused, in its uses as a symbol
Play of Animals" (Appleton), is very timely. The and an ornament over the face of the earth, is be-
work opens with a criticism of Mr. Spencer's theory cause of the great ease with which it is arrived at.
of play ; in the second chapter it discusses play and Wherever a man has been able to make marks the
instinct; and following chapters treat particular cross is found for precisely the reason that it is still
plays under a classification into "experimentation, used by the illiterate instead of a signature—because
movement plays, hunting plays, fighting plays, con- any two lines in the same plane must, if they are
structive arts, nursing plays, imitative play, curi- not parallel, form a cross either actually by contact
osity, love plays." The concluding chapter deals or potentially by extension. The claim of phallicism
a
a
9


176
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
From Brook Farm
to be heard in the matter is dismissed in this ex- itable, when a bright woman so placed has a number
ceedingly ponderous work with a single contemptu- of correspondents, follow, as the night the day; and
ous sentence. The author practically suppresses all this inevitability lasts quite up to the point of pub-
attempt to deal with what is certainly a much vexed lication. This seems to be a filial duty conscien-
subject, apparently oblivious to the fact that in this tiously discharged, and in that view not amenable
year of grace 1898 there are probably more human to criticism either respecting manner or matter.
beings who attach a pballic significance to the cross
The excellent example of combining
than there are members of any other religion who A literary
hold it as a sacred symbol. Only less conspicuous
guide-book the charm of literary workmanship
to old Perugia.
is the failure of the book to recognize the enormous
with the essentials of a guide book,
growth of superstition, in all religions, about this as
which may possibly be traced to Sir John Maunde-
other ancient symbols. There is a lack of ability
ville and certainly to Mr. Augustus J. C. Hare, has
to discriminate between authorities of the most
been satisfactorily followed by Miss Margaret Sy-
various weight, and a fatal facility for taking up
monds, whose collaboratorship
with her distinguished
obsolete views for discussion, which prevent the book father, the late John Addington Symonds, has here
from attaining any considerable importance as a
been transferred to Miss Lina Duff Gordon. Jointly
philosophical or historical treatise, notwithstanding
these two capable women have woven “ The Story
that its size and manner are scarcely less than
of Perugia” into a volume for the “Mediæval
encyclopædic.
Towns” series, which is published by J. M. Dent
& Co. with all the care that marks their little
The early life of Orestes A. Brown- books generally, and imported by the Macmillan Co.
1o Mother Church. son, that extraordinary American Judiciously intermingling the historical past with
who was in turn Congregationalist, the existing present, and holding a great deal of
Universalist, Unitarian, Nothing-in-particular, and antiquarian knowledge back with great good sense, ,
Roman Catholic, and in this last capacity succeeded a really valuable as well as entertaining book re-
in making permanent contributions to the philosophy sults, profitable to the reader and creditable to the
of a Church which has always owed much to her writers and publisher.
adopted children, has been set forth with loving
care and all reasonable inclusiveness by his son, Mr.
Henry F. Brownson, who publishes the volume pri-
BRIEFER MENTION.
vately in Detroit. So long a distance is it from
Brook Farm to Mother Church, that many must lag In commenting upon the 1898 volume of “The Ref-
by the way—it would really seem as if none could erence Catalogue of Current Literature,” we are com-
follow to the goal without an understanding of and pelled to resort to the first principles of reviewing, and
sympathy with the Church which has not often been describe the work as being twelve inches in thickness
given to the American of ancient descent. There
and weighing about the same number of pounds. This
is no doubt of the accuracy of Channing's charitable
year it is for the first time divided into two volumes. As
all booksellers know, it consists of the catalogues of
statement that Brownson's many changes were in
about a hundred and fifty English publishing houses,
the nature of an orderly and logical progression ;
alphabetically bound together, and provided with an
like Professor Silliman, he tired of the burden of his
index classified according to subjects, titles, and authors.
own individuality, so strongly was it marked, and This index fills between five and six hundred pages, and
gladly reposed it upon shoulders which deem them- contains nearly one hundred thousand entries. The
selves broad enough for an entire world. Many work is issued by Messrs J. Whitaker & Sons, London,
another of his countrymen has trod the same path
and supplied in this country through the agency of“ The
for the same reason, and it is to them that “ Brown-
Publisher's Weekly.”
son's Early Life" will make its chief appeal.
Under the editorship of Professor Shailer Mathews,
a series of “ New Testament Handbooks" has been
Richard Grant White long ago called
planned by the Macmillan Co. They will be small
The feminine
volumes, not too technical for the general reader, and
facility for attention to the innate faculty gentle-
will enlist the services of such careful scholars as the
letter-writing.
women possess for felicitous letter-
editor himself, and Professors Marvin R. Vincent,
writing, which was, indeed, an accepted literary Henry S. Nash, George B. Stevens, and Francis G. Pea-
fact from an early day, for all Richardson tried to body. Particulars of ten volumes are comprised in the
spoil it. The Letters of Mary Sibylla Holland” preliminary announcement, and others will be announced
(Edward Arnold ), edited by her son, Mr. Bernard
later.
Holland, serve further to remind the reader that The Jewish Publication Society, having its headquar-
there is coming to be no end of book-making as a
ters in Philadelphia, issues a report for the tenth year
result of this feminine facility. Mrs. Holland's
of its existence, and shows an admirable amount of work
husband was the Rev. Francis James Holland,
done in the way of stimulating intellectual effort and
chaplain-in-ordinary to the Queen and for many
the publication of important Jewish works. The Society
numbers nearly five thousand members, and has a num-
years a canon of Canterbury. To Mrs. Holland it
ber of valuable books on its list, the most noteworthy
was therefore given to meet many persons notable being the six-volume “ History of the Jews," by Pro-
in diverse walks of life. Such sketches as are inev. fessor Graetz.


1898.]
177
THE DIAL
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS.
Dew
THE DIAL's list of books announced for Fall issue by
American publishers, which has become an important
annual bibliographical feature of the paper, contains
this year 1350 titles,- very much the largest list The
Dial has ever before given its readers, being nearly
twenty-five per cent. ahead of that given a year ago.
Seventy-one publishers are represented, the average thus
being nearly twenty books to a firm. Book readers are
certainly to be congratulated on this liberal provision for
their entertainment, and the showing is one that reflects
great credit on the energy of the American publishers
in being amply prepared for the opening of what
promises to be the greatest period of prosperity ever
known in this country.
The List has been prepared in all cases from advance
information procured especially for the purpose.
The
department of Juveniles is deferred until our next
number. All the books here given are presumably
new books new editions not being included unless
having new form or matter; and the List does not
include Fall books already issued and entered in our
regular List of New Books.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
Alphonse Daudet, by his son, Léon Daudet, to which is added
My Brother and I: Recollections of Childhood and
Youth," by Ernest Daudet, trans. by Charles de Kay, with
portrait, $1.50. — Autobiography and Correspondence of
Mrs. Delaney, new edition, revised from Lady Llanover's
edition and edited by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, with por-
trait, $2.50. (Little, Brown, & Co.)
Stonewall Jackson, by Lieut.-Col. G. F. N. Henderson, 2 vols.,
illus.- Life and Letters of Sir George Savile, baronet, first
marquis of Halifax, with a new edition of his works, now
for the first time collected and revised, by H. C. Foxcroft,
2 vols., with portraits, $12.-Memoirs of the Life and Cor-
respondence of Henry Reeve, C.B., late editor of the
Edinburgh Review' and Registrar of the Privy Council,
by J. K. Laughton, M.A., 2 vols.--Pitt: Some Chapters of
his Life and Times, by the Right Hon. Edward Gibson. -
The Companions of Pickle, being the sequel to " Pickle the
Spy," by Andrew Lang, with portraits.-"Builders of
Greater Britain," new vols.: Lord Clive, by Sir A. J.
Arbuthnot; Edward Gibbon Wakefield, by R. Garnett,
C.B.; Rajah Brooke, by Sir Sponser St. John; Admiral
Phillip, by Louis Becke and Walter Jeffrey ; Sir Stamford
Raffles, by H. F. Wilson, M.A.—"Masters of Medicine,"
new vols.: Edward Jenner, by Ernest Hart; Hermann von
Helmholtz, by John G. McKendrick; Claude Bernard, by
Michael Foster;
Thomas Sydenham, by J. F. Payne; Vesa-
lius, by C. Louis Taylor. (Longmans, Green, & Co.)
The Life and Letters of Archbishop Benson, edited by his
son, 2 vols., illus. - The Biography of William Shake-
speare, by Sidney Leo. Cardinal Newman as Anglican
and Catholic, together with correspondence, by Edmund
Sheridan Purcell, with portraits. - The Story of Gladstone's
Life, by Justin McCarthy, M.P, new edition, with addi-
tional chapters, illus., $6. — Life of Cardinal Manning, by
Edmund Sheridan Purcell, new and cheaper edition, 2 vols.,
$3.50.--"Foreign Statesmen,” edited by J. B. Bury, new
vols.; Louis XI., by G. W. Prothero; Mazarin, by Arthur
Hassall;
Louis XIV., by H.O. Wakeman. (Macmillan Co.)
Reminiscences, by Julia Ward Howe, with portrait.— James
Rassell Lowell and his Friends, by Edward Everett Hale,
illus.-Samuel Edmund Sewall, a memoir, by Nina Moore
Tiffany, with_portraits. - "American Statesmen,"
vols.: Salmon P. Chase, by Albert Bushnell Hart; Charles
Sumner, by Moorfield Storey; Thadeus Stevens, by Samuel
W. McCall; Charles Francis Adams, by Charles Francis
Adams; per vol., $1.25. (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.)
American Bookmen, by M. A. De Wolfe Howe, illus., $3.50.
- The Life of Napoleon III., by Archibald Forbes, illus.,
$3.50.- The Life of Washington, by Mason Locke Weems,
edited by Paul Leicester Ford, limited edition, illus.-The
Story of Two Noble Lives, Charlotte, Countess Canning,
and Louisa, Marchioness of Waterford, by Augustus J.C.
Hare, new edition, 3 vols., illus., $8. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
The Life of George Borrow, by W. J. Knapp. -"American
Men of Energy,” new vols. Israel Putnam, farmer, pion-
eer, and major-general, by William Farrand Livingston;
Henry Knox, a soldier of the Revolution, by Noah Brooks,
each illus., $1.50. “Heroes of the Nations,"
new vol.:
Saladin, and the Fight for the Holy Land, by Stanley
Lane-Poole, illus., $1.50.-"Heroes of the Reformation,"
new vols.. Philip Melanchthon (1497-1560), by James
William Richard, D.D.; Desiderius Erasmus, by Ephraim
Emerton, Ph.D.; each illus., $1.50. — The Life of John
Paterson, major-general in the Revolutionary army, by his
great-grandson, Thomas Egleston, LL.D., second edition,
revised and enlarged.—The Life of Henry Bradley Plant,
by G. Hutchinson Smyth, D.D., with portraits.
Alfred
Tennyson, his homes, his friends, and his work, by Eliza-
beth Luther Cary, illus. in photogravure. — Life and Cor-
respondence of Rufus King, edited by his grandson, Charles
R. King, M.D., Vol. VI., completing the work, $5. (G. P.
Putnam's Sons.)
Life and Letters of Eugene Field, by Slason Thompson.-
War Memories of an Army Chaplain, by Henry, Clay
Drummond, D.D., illus., $2. Great Educators,”.
vol.: Pestalozzi and the Modern Elementary School, by
M. A. Pinloche. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
The True Benjamin Franklin, by Sydney George Fisher,
illus., $2.-Washington after the Revolution, 1784-1799, by
William S. Baker, $2.50. – The Old Navy and the New
memoirs of Rear-Admiral Daniel Ammen, U.S.
N., second
edition, $3. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Memoirs of 1812–1813, by Sergeant Bourgoyne, of Napoleon's
"Old Guard," compiled from the original MSS. by Paul
Cottin, - Life and Character of General U. S. Grant, by
Hamlin Garland, illus., $2.50.- The Life of Henry Drum-
mond, by George Adam Smith, D.D. (Doubleday &
McClure Co.)
Life of Oliver P. Morton, by Hon. Willlam Dudley Foulke,
illus. - The Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony, by Ida
Husted Harper, 2 vols., illus., $5. (Bowen-Merrill Co.)
Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln and the Civil War,
by James R. Gilmore, illus., $3. Bismarck Intime, by
Jules Hoche, illus., $2.50. (L. C. Page & Co.)
Memorials of an 18th Century Painter (James Northcote), by
Stephen Gwynn, illus. in photogravure, etc., $4.50. — Life
of Count Iseo Tolstoi, by G. H. Perris, $1.75.-The Life of
Wm. Terriss, Actor, by Arthur J. Smythe, with introduc-
tion by Clement Scott, illus., $3. (New Amsterdam Book
Co.)
"Great Commanders," now vol.: Admiral Porter, by James
Russell Soley. (D. Appleton & Co.)
The Palmy Days of Nance Oldfield, by Edward Robins, illus.,
$2.50. (H. S. Stone & Co.)
Personal Sketches of Recent Authors, by Hattie Tyng Gris-
wold, with portraits, $1.50. (A. C. McClurg & Co.)
Autobiographic Reminiscences of Henry Ward Beecher, by
T. J. Ellenwood, 75 cts. (F. A. Stokes Co.)
"Beacon Biographies," a series of lives of famous Americans
by well-known writers, edited by M. A. De Wolfe Howe,
per vol., 75 cts.- John Sullivan Dwight, Brook-Farmer,
editor, and interpreter of music, by George Willis Cooke,
with portrait, $2. (Small, Maynard & Co.)
John Hancock, his Book, by Abram English Brown, $2. (Lee
& Shepard.)
The Real Bismarck, by Jules Hoche, trans. from the German
by Mrs. Charles R. Rogers, $2. (R. F. Fenno & Co.)
Burns's “ Bonnie Jean” (Mrs. Burns), by John D. Ross,
LL.D., with portrait, $1.25. (E. R. Herrick & Co.)
Memoir of Acton W. Sillitoe, Bishop of Westminster, by Rev.
H. H. Gowen. (E. & J. B. Young & Co.)
John G. Paton, missionary to the New Hebrides, an autobi-
ography, edited by his brother, Vol. III., completing the
work, illus., 50 cts. (F. H. Revell Co.)
Frances E. Willard, a story of a noble woman, by Florence
Witts, illus., 50 cts. (Thos. Whittaker.)
HISTORY.
The Story the Revolntion, by Henry Cabot Lodge. 2 vols.,
illus., $6.—The Goede Vrouw of Mana-ha-ta, at home and
in society, 1067-1760, by Mrs. John King Van Rensselaer,
$2.- Our Navy in the Spanish War, by John R. Spears,
illus. – The Story of Spain Briefly Told, by Mary Platt
Parmele. - The Court of the Second Empire (1856–1858),
by Imbert de Saint-Amand, with portraits, $1.50.-"Ox
ford Manuals of English History," last vol.: The Hundred
Years War, A. D. 1328–1485. by C. W. C. Oman, M.A.
(Charles Scribner's Sons.)
new
3


178
¿Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
Recollections of the Civil War, by Charles A. Dana, with por-
trait.--"Story of the West," now vol.: The Story of the
Railroad, by Cy Warman, illus.-Cannon and Camera, the
Spanish-American war in Cuba, written and illus, by John
C. Hemment. "Concise Knowledge Library,” new vol.:
The History of the World. - Stories of our Navy in Time
of War, by Franklin Matthews. (D. Appleton & Co.)
A Popular History of France, from the settlement by the
Gauls to the Death of Louis XV., by Hon. Thomas E.
Watson, 2 vols. — The History of Mankind, by Friedrich
Ratzel, Vol. III., completing the work, illus.-" American
History Told by Contemporaries,” edited by Albert Bush-
nell Hart, Vol. III., National Expansion (1793–1845);
Vol. IV., Welding the Nation (1846–1897); per vol., $2.-
The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom, by
Wilbur H. Siebert, with introduction by Albert Bushnell
Hart.—“Stories from American History," new vols.: Buc-
caneers and Pirates of our Coasts, by Frank R. Stockton;
De Soto and his Men in the Land of Florida, by Grace
King; Tales of the Enchanted Isles of the Atlantic, by
Thomas Wentworth Higgingson; The Story of Old Fort
Loudon, by Charles Egbert Craddock ; each illus. (Mac-
millan Co.)
A History of the Dutch People, by Petrus Johannes Blok,
Ph.D., trans. by Oscar A. Bierstadt and Ruth Putnam,
3 vols., Vol. I. - The Romance of the House of Savoy,
1003-1519, by Alethea Wiel, 2 vols., illus.— “Story of the
Nations," new vols : Modern Spain, by Martin A. s. Hume;
Austria, by Sidney Whitman; each illus., $1.50. — The
Establishment of Spanish Rule in America, an introduc-
tion to the history and politics of Spanish America, by
Bernard Moses. — The Story of the Civil War, by John
Codman Ropes, 3 vols., Vol. II., with maps, $1.50. — His-
toric New York, second series of the Half-Moon Papers,
edited by Maud Wilder Goodwin and others, illus., $2.50.
(G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
The Reign of Terror, a collection of authentic narratives writ-
ten by eye-witnesses, trans. from the French, 2 vols., with
portraits, $6.- Historical Tales, by Charles Morris, Vol.
VII., Russia ; Vol. VIII., Japan and China; each illus.,
$1.25. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Journals of the Continental Congress, prepared and edited by
Worthington C. Ford, Vol. I., illus. – The Hittites and
their Language, by Lieut.-Col. C. R. Conder, illus., $2.50.
(Dodd, Mead & Co.)
The True History of the Missouri Compromise and its Repeal,
by Mrs. Archibald Dixon, $4. (Robert Clarke Co.)
"American Explorer Series," new vol.: Forty Years a Fur
Trader on the Upper Missouri, the personal narrative of
Chas. Larpenteur, edited by Dr. Elliott Coues, 2 vols., $5.
- The Early Wills of Westchester County, 1664-1784, by
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1898.]
179
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180
(Sept. 16,
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(R. F. Fenno & Co.)
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1898.]
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An Experimental Wooing, a humorous novel, by Tom Hall,
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(Dodd, Mead & Co.)
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182
[Sept. 16,
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9
In Nature's Image, chapters on pictorial photography, by
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land, by B. B. James.-Early Development of Chesapeake
& Ohio Canal Project, by G. U. Ward. (Johns Hopkins
Press.)
vane,


1898.]
183
THE DIAL
Natural Taxation, by Thomas G. Shearman, new edition,
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m, $5.
a


1898.)
185
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The Golfer's Alphabet, verses by W. G. Van T. Sutphen, illus.
by A. B. Frost.-Fables for the Frivolous, by Guy Wetmore
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Carryl, illus. by Peter Newell, $1.50. (Harper & Bros.)
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by W. L. Taylor, per vol., $2. (Dana Estes & Co.) writer's works, published by Messrs. Charles Scribner's
Ballads and Ditties, by Rudyard Kipling, illus. in colors by Sons.
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Perhaps more than the usual number of distinguished
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$1.50. (A. S. Barnes & Co.)
by Dr. C. F. Thwing; “ Blessed Are the Cross-Bearers,"
Regeneration, by F. B. Dowd. Part II., The Temple of the by Dr. W. Robertson Nicoll; “ The Christian Ideal,” by
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hood," by Mr. Silas K. Hocking; “The Everlasting
dard Dialogues, by Rev. Alex. Clark, 50 cts. — Sterling
Arms,” by Dr. Francis E. Clark; “Ideal Motherhood,"
Dialogues, by William M. Clark, 50 cts. (Penn Pub'g Co.) by Miss Minnie S. Davis; “ The Marriage Altar,” by the
"


186
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
>
9
courses.
Rev. J. R. Miller; “The Fruit of the Vine,” by the Rev. lectures each year on questions of interstate law. In
Andrew Murray; and “What a Carpenter Did with his 1887 Judge Cooley was appointed by the President a
Bible," by Professor John H. Genung. These booklets member of the first commission serving under the Inter-
are very daintily bound in flowered white cloth, and are state Commerce Act, acting as chairman of the com-
to be recommended for gifts of the inexpensive sort. mission. He is the author of a number of legal works
The little books published by Messrs. T. Y. Crowell
that are accounted authorities, and was a frequent con-
in their “ Faïence" edition, are favorably known for tributor to the pages of THE DIAL.
their neatness and modest charm of execution. The
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Address, 16 Astor Street, CHICAGO.
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MISCELLANEOUS CATALOGUE; Americana ; Local History; Gene:
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A. S. CLARK, Bookseller, 174 Fulton St., NEW YORK.
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the valuable private library of a well-known Philadel.
(MONTHLY.)
phia collector. The collection comprises rare Ameri-
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books, first American editions of English classics, a
It is “ Always Complete but Never Finished.”
The September number contains 9000 entries giving complete inform-
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ation about more than 3000 books published during 1898.
historical manuscripts. An illustrated catalogue is
Published by
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addressing him at 1112 Walnut St., Philadelphia.
Theron S. E. Dixon, of Chicago, whom readers of
SOME AUTUMN BOOKS OF
THE DIAL will remember as a contributor to its pages, M. F. MANSFIELD & COMPANY,
,
was drowned Sept. 14 at Virginia Beach, Va., while
22 EAST SIXTEENTH STREET, NEW YORK.
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was a prominent patent lawyer, and was connected with COLLECTANEA. – RUDYARD KIPLING. Certain
many important cases, notably the suit testing the valid- hitherto inaccessible verses now collected under one cover.
ity of the Bell Telephone patents, which was carried
32mo, cloth, $1.00 net. Japan Edition. 100 copies only,
$1.25 net.
before the Supreme Court of the United States. He
was an earnest literary worker, and devoted much time
BALLADS AND DITTIES. – RUDYARD KIPLING.
New Illustrated Edition of the Original Barrack-Room
to the Baconian theory of Shakespeare, being the author
Ballads and Departmental Ditties. With 12 drawings in
of an original work on the subject, “ Francis Bacon and color by BLANCHE MCMANUS. 2 vols., 16mo, cloth, gilt
his Shakespeare," published in 1895. Mr. Dixon was top, $2.00.
fifty-three years of age.
DEPARTMENTAL DITTIES. – RUDYARD KIP-
Judge Thomas M. Cooley, the distinguished jurist and
LING. Complete with other Verses. A reprint of the
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constitutional lawyer, died Sept. 12 at his home in Ann
The only edition now available, and is not included in the
Arbor, Mich., at the age of seventy-four. Judge Cooley set of Mr. Kipling's works. With Portrait. 12mo, cloth,
was born in Attica, N. Y., and went to Michigan in 1843. gilt, $1.25.
In 1857 he made a compilation of the Michigan statutes.
A WORD TO WOMEN.- MRS. HUMPHRY. Bright
In 1858 he was appointed reporter of the Supreme and entertaining criticisms of the affairs of women of to-
Court, a position which he retained until 1865, issuing
day. Uniform with “Manners for Men" and "Manners for
Women.” Long 8vo, cloth, each, 50 cts.; full leather, $1.
eight volumes of reports. In the meantime, in 1865,
he had been made a professor in the University of
And the following New Novels :
Michigan, and in 1864 he was elected to fill a vacancy
THE IRON CROSS. ROBERT HARBROUGH SHERARD.
$1 50
RICHARD MARSH .
on the Supreme bench of the state. Five years later
THE DUKE AND THE DAMSEL. RICHARD MARSH.
he was reëlected for the full term of eight years. In THE STORY OF LOIS. KATHRYN S. MACQUOID.
1868-9 he was chief justice, and in 1885 he retired per-
1 25
THE REV. ANNABEL LEE. ROBERT BUCHANAN
1 50
manently from the bench. In 1881 he became professor
THE SEA OF LOVE. WALTER PHELPS DODGE
of constitutional and administrative law in the Univers-
TREWINNOT OF GUY'S. Mrs. COULSON KBRNARAN
ity of Michigan. He passed from that to the chair of
American history in the same institution, retaining a
Other Important Books are :
ON BOOKS AND THE HOUSING OF THEM, W.E. GLADSTONE
lectureship in constitutional law and acting as dean of
GLADSTONE THE MAN. DAVID WILLIAMSON
the school of political science. In late years he has YOUNG FOLKS' HISTORY OF SCOTLAND. Mrs. OLIPHANT
been granted leave of absence, giving a brief course of
Full Descriptive Catalogue upon request.
9
TOM OSSINGTON'S GHOST.
1 25
1 50
1 50
ADVENTURES OF AN ENGINEER.
WEATHERBY CHESNBY
75
1 50
75
75
1 50
੪


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1898.]
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190
(Sept. 16,
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1
а


1898.)
191
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Poeti
,
Looking Backward.
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192
[Sept. 16,
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1898.]
193
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140 Fifth Avenue, New York City


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[Sept. 16,
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1898.]
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BISMARCK
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Some Secret Pages of His History.
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A LITERARY
EMINENTLY
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ACHIEVEMENT
WORTH
indelibly the traits of the subject's puts into his mouth we must give his
OF
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great politicians of our century. .
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Whether the great German Chan- “ Altogether, these excep- impression. He writes like one
cellor left memoirs is uncertain; he
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began them, but whether he com-
events in a vein of free, forcible, and
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afford a picture of Bismarck
popular exposition. He is skilful
such documents exist in manuscript, that can never be rivalled. and clever, a great special pleader.
it is extremely doubtful whether
It is not too much to
He is a German, and hence he is
they will see the light, at least for
fond of details, setting them all
say that the political history
some years to come. Meanwhile we
forth with admirable patience.
have a substitute for them in the of Germany during this cen- He was in the fullest possible sym-
two capacious volumes published by tury, and probably also that pathy with the Chancellor.”
the Macmillan Company. ... The
of Europe, cannot now be
“ By far the most important con-
Prince, indeed, may be said to have
tribution yet made to Bismarck's
been a collaborateur with Dr. Busch written without it.” — The
life during this period, and to his
in the preparation of the earliest Herald (Boston).
character, both as a man, as a states-
manuscript for the press.”—The Sun.
man, and as a diplomat. Bismarck
« Dr. Busch is an admirable raconteur, and you get knew that the author had prepared this diary, and gave
from his notes a vivid impression of Bismarck, who was him full permission to publish it the
INVALUABLE
the really great man of the last half minute he (Bismarck) should be un-
ABSOLUTELY
AS
of the present century. That Dr. der ground. It will probably never
FEARLESS.
HISTORICAL
Busch is absolutely fearless and be surpassed as a revelation of the
READING.
writes what he believes to be true relative to Bismarck character of Prince Bismarck, and
is apparent. It is absolute accuracy Dr. Busch strives this makes it especially interesting at the present time.”
for.” – New York Times.
The Sunday Herald (Boston).
9
PUBLISHED BY
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, No. 66 Fifth Avenue, New York,


212
[Oct. 1, 1898.
THE DIAL
D. Appleton & Company's New Books
66
9)
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THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGE
.
.
1
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, 82.00 a year in advance, postage
RICHARD MALCOLM JOHNSTON.
prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries
comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must
In a contribution to one of the late issues of
be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the “ Literature,” Mr. W. D. Howells discusses the
current number. REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by express or
Southern literary product of the United States,
postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and
for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; saying of Mr. Harris and Mr. Cable that they
and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished
are “ certainly the best known” of our recent
on application. All communications should be addressed to
Southern writers, and supposing “there can be
THE DIAL, 315 Wabash Ave., Chicago.
no question but they are the first.” The task
of arranging writers according to their rank is
No. 295. OCTOBER 1, 1898. Vol. XXV.
always invidious and usually unprofitable, but
in this case the death, a few days ago, of
CONTENTS.
Colonel Richard Malcolm Johnston, makes it
necessary to question the dicta of Mr. Howells,
RICHARD MALCOLM JOHNSTON
and to assert that no list, however narrowly
213
restricted, of our foremost Southern writers can
INSPIRATION. Charles Leonard Moore
215
be accepted if it does not include the name of
ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE. Temple Scott 217
the novelist, scholar, and gentleman, whose
COMMUNICATIONS
218 grievous loss we now mourn. The omission by
Concerning Verse of the Late War. Wallace our eccentric critic of Mr. Johnston's name
Rice.
may, however, be attributed to a strange mis-
The Woman Factor in Chinese Government.
E. G.J.
conception. In the same article, Mr. Howells
speaks of “a school of Southern humorists be-
YR. FORBES'S NAPOLEON THE THIRD, E.G.J. 219
fore the war," and, after describing their work
THE LAWS AND THE LIFE OF A PEOPLE,
as "atrocious," says that he wishes " distinctly
Francis W. Shepardson .
220
to except from this censure the Dukesborough
A GREAT HISTORIAN'S TREATMENT OF CROM- Tales' and the other sketches by the same au-
WELL. Benjamin Terry .
thor, which have a whimsical grace and are
AN ENCYCLOPÆDIC WORK ON INDIA. Fred- simple and often sweet, with a satisfying air of
erick Starr
225 truth." We infer from this that Mr. Johnston
SOME RECENT BOOKS OF TRAVEL. Hiram M. is reckoned among the ante bellum writers,
Stanley
226
whereas the “Dukesborough Tales” made their
Thomson's Through China with a Camera.-Welby's
first collected appearance in 1883, and their
Tbrough Unknown Thibet. Lent's Halcyon Days
in Norway, France, and the Dolomites. - Edgar's
author had done nothing at all in the way of
Canada and its Capital.-Mrs. Henderson's The Rain- literary production until four or five years pre-
bow's End. - Steevens's Egypt in 1898. - Stevens's
viously, when the publication of a few tales and
a
Yesterdays in the Philippines. — Clarke's Fellow
Travellers.
sketches in the magazines first directed atten-
tion to his name.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
227
Economic aspects of ancient civilizations. — The
Mr. Johnston is given a unique position in
origins and founders of geology. – The latest facts our literature by the fact that he was nearly
and theories about light.- Uncle Sam's fighting ships.
- Hawaii once more.-Wild life in field and wood.-
sixty years old before he began to be a writer,
The story of the Franks. — A Yankee professor in
and that back of his literary period there lies
England. - A student's Motley. - The Pilgrims in nearly a lifetime of activity as a lawyer and a
their homes. — Biographical edition of Thackeray.
professor of literature. He was, then, an ante-
BRIEFER MENTION .
230 bellum writer only in the sense that his fiction
LITERARY NOTES
231
dealt almost exclusively with a period long
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
ante-dating the Civil War, and restored for a
231
new generation a past that had vanished from
THE SEASON'S BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG . 232
the memory of most living men.
The period
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
233 was that of the thirties and forties, and the
6
222
a
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.
.
.
.
.
.


214
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
.
7
place Middle Georgia, a time and a region of is in their application to a comparatively early
which the “ form and pressure” are preserved period of the realistic methods of recent liter-
to us in Mr. Johnston's books with a faith- ary art. The older writers neglected their
fulness of delineation and a geniality of con- opportunity, or did not know how to make
ception barely equalled and certainly unsur- effective use of it, but the facts were recorded
passed by the best of the younger school of upon the sensitive plate of Mr. Johnston's
“ local " writers whose work forms so import- memory and given fresh vitality in the alembic
ant a part of recent imaginative literature in of his genius. There is dialect in profusion in
this country.
his books, but it gives no offence, for we easily
The Middle Georgia of the novelist's youth distinguish it from the spurious effusions of
and early manhood is made so interesting a
dialect that have caused an eruption in our fic-
subject for our contemplation that a few
quo-
tion of recent years. It is the genuine thing,
tations from him, in his character as historian the inevitable garment of the thought which it
of his native section rather than as story-teller, clothes; it is not adventitious, written for a
may fittingly be reproduced upon this occasion. wanton satisfaction in the misspelling of words.
In a paper written only three years ago to be It is, moreover, carefully studied and conscien-
read before the Twentieth Century Club of tiously reproduced, combining the scholar's
Chicago, Mr. Johnston said:
instinct for exact truth with the artist's instinct
“ If ever there was a man who felt himself to be ab-
for effective expression.
solutely a freeman, it was the rustic of Middle Georgia. The following list includes the more import-
The poorest white man had no apprehension of ant of Mr. Johnston's works of fiction : “Dukes-
falling into the lower scale, and so his ambitions were borough Tales," “Old Mark Langston," “ Two
the freer and the more cheerful to lift himself higher.
. . . In my own immediate ncighborhood, some seventy-
Gray Tourists," "Mr. Absalom Billingslea,”
“
five miles west, not one grown man in five had ever
“ “Ogeechee Cross-Firings,” “ Widow Guthrie,”
”
been to Augusta, then a town of some six thousand. “Old Times in Middle Georgia,” “ The Primes
... Sometimes in an argument between two rural per- and Their Neighbors," " Mr. Billy Downs and
“
sons one, who might be on the verge of defeat, if by
His Likes,” and “ Pearce Amerson's Will."
sonie sort of chance, not enjoyed by his adversary, he
had been to Augusta, might look upon him with such con-
Of these works, " Widow Guthrie " is the long-
tempt as was possible to feel, and say: Now look here, est and the most serious, but the peculiar gifts
John, has you ever been to Augusty?' On the sad ac- of the author appear to better advantage when
knowledgement in the negative, he might add: "Well, he works within narrower limits, and one is
then, do n't try to talk to me about sech matters, because
they is inatters as can't be complete understood except by
apt to recall most vividly some of the “ Dukes-
them as has been to Augusty.' ... To one who remem-
borough Tales
or some of the sketches con-
bers the conditions and incidents of such a society it seems tained in “Old Times in Middle Georgia.” In
difficult to overpraise its neighborliness, the healthful- addition to his fiction, he published a life of
ness, the confidence, the warm affectionateness which
Alexander H. Stevens (in collaboration with
except among mean people, and mean people are in every
community - generally obtained. None were very rich
Mr. W. H. Browne), and two volumes of
and none very poor, but rich and poor, especially among
“Studies, Literary and Social.” The latter
men, intermingled with the freedom of intercourse that volumes are excellent reading, and deserve a
was productive of results most beneficial to all.
high rank among books of essays, although it
Aristotle taught that leaders in societies should think
like wise men, but talk like the common people. That
takes some effort so to readjust the mental
was just what was done by leading citizens of Georgia focus as to think of the author's discoursing
three-quarters of a century ago. . . . The noble Georgia seriously upon such subjects as “ Belisarius,
dialect savored in much affectionate sweetness. Much “ American Philosophy,” or “ The Minne.
of it, as I have been told in letters from eminent phil- singer and Meistersinger,” or
" "Shakespeare's
ologists, is a relic of English as spoken three and four
centuries ago. . . The greatest lawyers and politicians
Tragic Lovers."
and even divines loved it to the degree that they habit- Richard Malcolm Johnston was born in
ually spoke it, if not at home before their wives and 1822, on a plantation in Middle Georgia.
children, at least in social intercourse among their When a boy he removed with his family to
neighbors."
Powellton (the Dukes borough of the tales).
Such was the almost idyllic social life, and He studied at Mercer University, Macon, and
such the dialect, of the people who live for us fitted for the bar. A law partnership with
in Mr. Johnston's fiction. No phase of local Linton Stephens, a younger brother of Alex-
American society has received more faithful ander H. Stephens, lasted for about ten years,
and loving depiction anywhere in our literature, when he became a professor in the University
and the peculiar value of Mr. Johnston's stories of Georgia, at Athens. From this time on, his
6
>
or
>


1898.]
215
THE DIAL
-
a
occupations were teaching, lecturing, and write their friends the horrors and dangers of the chase
ing. In middle life he became a member of
the difficulties incurred in acquiring a good prose
the Roman Catholic Church. Married at an style. The older writers who used words reason-
early age, his domestic life was singularly ably well — Pascal or Swift or Goldsmith, for ex-
happy, and the death, a little over a year ago. There is a fashion in these things. In Sheridan's
ample - - never seem to have had so hard a time.
, ,
of the woman who had been the devoted part- days it was the proper pose for an author to dash
ner of his joys and sorrows for over fifty years off the brilliant act of a comedy in one night over
left him, to take his own pathetic words from a bottle of claret. Now the genesis of every word
a letter to a friend — “poor indeed and lowly
poor indeed and lowly must be established, and the public made a witness
prostrate.” But he added : “Yet I feel no of the parturition of every sentence. The facts were
diminution of willingness to do the work of the probably always the same. Skill and labor were
remainder of my time, and hope for continuance required to cut and pile the faggots for literary bon-
of the strength necessary for it.” A year after fires, but
the sparks which lit them had to fall from
these words were written he lay dying in the
above. Lacking any magnetic connection with the
source of fire, the beacons would fail to burn.
hospital at Baltimore, the city with which he
As for the mot propre, it is surely as fabulous a
had been identified during the latter period of
wild fowl as the phenix or the roc. With the ex-
his life. On the 23d of September he breathed ception of a few words which accommodate the
his last, bequeathing to American literature a sound to the sense, there is no natural or logical
body of work that will not soon be forgotten, connection between language and life. The former
and to those who enjoyed the privilege of his is purely arbitrary, and to suppose that for every
friendship the memory of a fine spirit, gentle in
of a fine spirit, gentle in fact of nature or experience there stands ready a
the truest sense of the term, the soul of cor-
sole and unique verbal mate — like the ticket num-
diality, courtliness, and chivalry. He was dear ber, and the prize in a lottery drawing — is a wild
to all who knew him, and will be remembered fancy. Besides, the facts of existence are, after all,
limited in number; while the combinations and
as we remember only those for whom our affec-
views and opinions of them in the minds of men are
tion is the deepest.
inexhaustible. One cause of style is individuality
- the affixing of a different label to a fact from that
which any other human being would attach to it.
No two writers make the same report of a subject.
INSPIRATION.
The songs of Burns and Shelley have largely the
same theme; but in rhythm, vocabulary, quality,
Mrs. Browning wrote a sonnet on “The Inex- timbre, they are as the antipodes. Like the monads
pressible," and was fond of intimating that she had of Leibnitz, poets are sent into the world with vary-
something to say that could not be put into words. ing velocities, and each one attracts words to him-
I do not believe “insufficient utterance” is charac- self in a different fashion from his fellows.
teristic of any good writer. On the contrary, words Eight virgins were used as models by an ancient
very often mean more than their author intended. sculptor for a single statue. This fact seems de-
I can imagine Shakespeare reading something he rogatory to the charms of the young women. But
had written over-night and wondering how in the where did the sculptor get the standard which au-
world he came to do anything so good. George thorized him to reject their parts of being? Where
Eliot says somewhere that a young girl's beauty has did Pheidias get his conception of the Olympian
a meaning and significance of which the young girl Zeus? What is the reason that the Parthenon or
herself is not aware. Similarly, combinations of the Taj Mahal are superior to the ordinary City
felicitous words and rhythms have implications and Hall or Post Office Building? Why are the great
perspectives and pregnancies which could not all figures of fiction so universal that living men and
have occurred to their writer during the brief mo- women seem merely bad imitations of such crea-
ment of composition. The mortal has brought forth tions - so that we speak of people whom we know as
immortality, has given birth to something which is Quixotic or Pecksniffian? There is something more
approximately perfect and imperishable. Whence than a mere imitation of life implied in arts that
comes this gift, this lucky inheritance of an estate can give laws to life. But this ideal element, where
outside the blood ? I know not what to attribute it does it come from? The modern theory would be
to but inspiration.
that it is merely a selection of the best of the real.
There are writers who go
about to reduce expres-
But leaving out of question how we are to recognize
sion to an exact science, who believe we can arrive the best, the fact remains that this ideal element is
at verbal perfection by laborious toil. They hunt strongest in the infancy of art, before the races
through dictionaries and obsolete books, and track amid which it rises have developed their character
the shy, wild animal, the mot propre, to its secret or worked out their destiny. Homer was the school-
lair. And some of them, Flaubert and Stevenson master of Greece; and we probably cannot measure
for instance, spend balf their days in confiding to how much Shakespeare has affected English char-


216
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
a
acter. There seems to be a matter of “pure antici- critic and admirable poet who was incapable of
pated cognition " in the case. The artist does some- philosophy. Speaking of Wordsworth's Intima-
thing, unknowing how, which can stand up against tions of Immortality from the Recollections of
the world and draw the world to it.
Childhood,” he says that the central idea is a pleas-
We are driven to the Platonic Ideas for an ex- ing play of fancy of no solid value. To dismiss as
planation. It would really appear as if the archy- | valueless an idea which is seriously mooted in more
typal forms, of which the images and appearances than one great system of philosophy, and which, in
of the world are merely mutilated copies, do appear the form of reincarnation, is the basic principle of
to the artist in certain heated conditions of his mind, Hindoo thought, is, to say the least, confident dog-
and translate themselves through him into adequatematism. It is a fact that children do exhibit some-
language or other art media. And not only the thing like inspiration. The awakening of the intel-
beautiful and good, but the evil as well. Plato lect in childhood is in itself one of the great miracles
himself, in one of his dialogues, comes to this point, of life, and at no other stage of existence is the pure
and, with that urbane open-mindedness which is his play of thought so vivid or the happiness which
great charm, seems to think it a check to his theory. comes from knowing and imagining so great. Every-
The ideal bad smell, for instance, which must be one has noted the genius-like characteristics of child-
accepted if his theory is carried out in full, is some- hood, and, conversely, the child-like nature of the
thing he cannot stomach. But if the created figures mature genius. The latter, like the child, concen-
of the artist which make for good are superior to trates himself on his game of imagination, and is
ordinary men and women, so are his projections of more or less irresponsible in the outward relations
evil more portentous than anything in real life. of life. The child is protected in his beautiful
People of opprobrious repute cluster about him to dreams until they naturally fade from him; but the
have their portraits painted or their figure sculp- world is at war with the genius, because it does not
tured; but the artist looks them over and says, “ My like to have its wretched result of failure brought in
dear fellows, you are well enough as far as you go.
comparison with his easily perfect work of imagina-
But you are not the best expression of your own tion. Wby do we teach children absolute truthful-
tendencies. You are minor. The dross of little- ness, high-mindedness, and unselfishness, when we
ness and incompetency encumbers you.” And then know that such qualities are the worst possible ones
he turns to the vision of the proper Platonic Idea, to fit them for the struggle of life?
and forges out the pure gold of an Iago or a Mephis- The intuitional and inspirational character of
topheles.
woman relates her even more closely with the pure
The work of the poet is always, therefore, a world of ideas than childhood. Woman's character
revelation,—and each poet brings a new one. Noth- is more intense and simple in both extremes than
ing is more remarkable than the
way
the
presum- man's. So far as we have got in the history of the
ably fixed facts of human nature shift and alter world, her share of genius itself has not amounted to
under the various colored lights poured upon them anything very great.
anything very great. Bat man has always seemed
by the poets. Chaucer will give us mankind rosy to regard her as an intermediary between the world
and solid, shaking the earth with its tread, robust of pure ideas and himself, if she be not those
in vice and virtue. Shakespeare will transmute pure ideas in proper person. He has always evinced
the same people to beings of air and fire, irradiate a touching willingness to be inspired or damned by
as a sunset dream. Dickens will give them to us her. Certainly in literature she has been the one
as a grimy, grotesque, touchingly human mob — inspirational force — beating Nature or Patriotism,
the procession of Shakespeare after having gone or even Religion, outright.
through a coal-hole. Yet each aspect will be true. There remains to touch on the subject of frenzy
The highest revelation which the poet can give is as connected with inspiration. The Indians think
probably concerned with the goodness of beauty, a madman inspired; but it does not follow that
whereas the highest revelation of the prophet is in genius is mad. Mankind is always in danger of
regard to the beauty of goodness. The two roles, falling into a lampish, inanimate, indistinguishable
however, are hardly distinguishable, and to forbid Genias has the office which the repulsive
the poet the use of ethical motives is simply to cut force in Nature - electricity, magnetic ether, what-
off one of his wings. True, the province of litera- ever it may be - has in its struggle with gravita-
ture is to delight. But to delight whom? To the tion. The poor, lumpish human atoms hate to be
Covenanter, sleeping in caves and meeting, at the hounded to their task — kept in tune, kept drilled
risk of his life, to worship the ideas of duty and and serviceable, and they think it madness that
God were the most delightful imaginable. Indeed, genius should take upon itself such employment.
beauty, grace, and charm - the qualities usually It would be interesting to have those people who
—
appropriated to poetry — are in a measure luxuries. are clamoring about the madness of genius define
We can hustle through life without them. But and draw us a type of what they consider a sane
duties and morals are necessities, the plain bread of and normal human being. It would necessarily be
everyday life. And they are the main stuff out of a thing of negations — a thing cold, selfish, and
which literature is built.
dull; for the least touch of enthusiasm, the least
Matthew Arnold was the rare instance of a great lift of spirit, the least devotion to an idea, the least
-
-
mass.
-
-
-


1898.]
217
THE DIAL
9
a
heroism or unselfishness, must at once raise the sus- out of a collection of the engravings of Reynolds's pic-
picion of abnormality, of madness, of genius. What tures as we do for a dozen complete copies of examples
Lincoln said of Grant's drunkenness is applicable in from Leighton or Burne-Jones. The truth is that mod-
the case.
If genius is mad, it would be well if we
ern process work does not make for art as did the old
were all innoculated with a little of the virus.
process. I had rather even have a collection of repro-
ductions of line drawings than I would a whole gallery
CHARLES LEONARD MOORE.
choked with the photographer-tampered work of “toned"
and “gravured” stuff called “ art.” In the line draw-
ing, I do at least get the artist's work. The deuce alone
knows what the process "maker does to get his effects
ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE.
in the other work. And yet good “art-books” may be
London, Sept. 18, 1898.
made as well to-day as ever they were. But I am not
There has just been published, in three volumes, the
writing to give advice to publishers. I simply record
great work by Dr. Moritz Busch on “ Bismarck" and
a fact worth making a note of. It is possible that what
the secret history which his career furnishes. No doubt
I have said may be especially timely for Mr. Harry
you will hear plenty of it on your side of the water, so Quilter, who, I hear, is about to turn publisher in the
that I need not trouble you with any remarks. We are,
art line. He may know a great deal about art, but un-
however, very anxious to learn what it is that Dr. Busch less he knows how to publish it, it will go hard with his
has to say which has already not been known. “Once
business. I wish him every success,-he may turn out
I am dead," said the late Chancellor to his biographer,
to be the right man.
“you can tell absolutely everything you know about Publishers, it seems to me, take about as much time
me.” It is for this “ absolutely everything "that we are
to find their particular mêtier as do other mortals. Car-
waiting
lyle, I think it was, said that a man spends forty years
I am much concerned about a branch of the publish- of his life trying to find out the work for which he was
ing business with which few people seem ever to have best fitted. Publishers, on the other hand, spend forty
troubled themselves. I mean the publication of “ art thousand pounds doing the same thing, and fail in the
books,” so called. Has it ever struck you that the mod- end. Now, if I wished to turn publisher,— which the
ern English art-book is a terrible falling-off from those Fates forfend,- and I had the money wherewithal to
we associate with the names of Ackermann, Boydell, indulge my whim, I'd cultivate my whim, and run it
Major, Virtue, and the rest? And yet our facilities for for all it was worth. At any rate, I'd bave a run for
making beautiful books are far more ready and numer- my money. The professional publisher, however, does
ous than those at the service of our grandfathers. If nothing of the kind. He runs other people's whims,
one asks a publisher now-a-days why he does n't produce not knowing what the deuce will come of it; and winds
a really fine book, he tells one that the expense is too up surprised to find that they swallowed up all his capital
great. And yet the expense of such books as Rogers's without giving him any return.
If he can't find any
“ Italy," the “Stafford Gallery,” the “ Boydell Shake-
whims, he steals other publishers' clients, pays more
speare,
"the great tomes on Oxford and Cambridge which money to them, — and balances on the wrong side of
Ackermann issued with colored lithographs, the string his ledger. Hence, ruinous competition, and the many
of books by “ Froggy” Dibdin, the famous “ Walton" Jeremiahs filling our ears with noisome wailings of bad
of Pickering, the expense on these, I say, must have
Ι
times.
· been enormous, far greater than the cost of any of our I have hardly left myself any space to tell you of
modern works, excepting, perhaps, such a catalogue as news. Not that there is much; still, I must not omit to
that of the Spitzer Collection. There must have been inform you of the forthcoming publication of Mr. Rus-
buyers for such books in the "twenties,” “ thirties,” kin's letters to Rossetti, between the years 1852 and
“ forties," and "fifties": surely there would be found 1862. The book which will contain them will be pub-
buyers for the excellent productions of the “nineties ” ! lished here by Mr. George Allen, and is to be a sort of
But where are they? I am afraid they are not even with history of the Pre-Raphaelite movement. Mr. J. M.
Hans Breitmann's “barty,” in “ de lofely clouds"; for Barrie and the Rev. “ Ian Maclaren" have each a novel
they never had an existence. For these fine old illustrated nearly ready; they will be issued late in the autumn or
books there are, to-day, hundreds of eager collectors. early in the spring. A very important work on the
Who ever dreams now of treasuring bound pages of Post Office is being prepared by Mr. Henniker Heaton,
balf-tone blocks or dirty reproductions of wash draw- M.P., but this will not be ready for some months to
ings? And rightly, too, say I. The modern art-book,
Our bards are also busy, and we are to have
where it is found, proves to be nothing more nor less volumes of poems from Mr. William Watson, Mr. John
than a fattened and extended sixpenny magazine. All Davidson, and one or two others. Just now books of
that a publisher who seeks distinction in this branch of travel are having a vogue, and attention is divided be-
his business needs to do is simply to get a wretched tween Lhassa and Chitral. When Sir Martin Conway
back to scrawl off some wretcheder text on any special returns from his South American climbings, we are to
subject, and print this stuff on fine thick paper. With have an account of his successful ascents of Yllimani
this for an excuse, he pads the rest with sheets of pro- and Ylliampa. Mr. George Moore is passing through
cess reproductions, flashes a gilt binding with a deco- the press his sequel to “ Evelyn Innes," and Mr. Robert
rative (!) design, forsooth, and your“ art-book” is made. Buchanan his volume of “ Reminiscences." Mr. Bu-
A fig, say I, for such “art-books.” A year or two ago chanan also has a work “on the stocks " dealing with
there was issued a great work on Velasquez, or Van-Christianity and the trend of modern religious move-
dyke, I forget which; but compare it with what was once ments. Mr. Herbert Spencer is quietly revising old
done for Gainsborough, Morland, Constable, and others. editions of his “Synthetic Philosophy," and he has almost
The modern book is not a patch on the older ones. We finished the “ Principles of Biology.'
confess this when we pay as much for one print torn
6
TEMPLE SCOTT.
come.
>


218
(Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
9
»
a
Kipling manner quite as successfully as Mr. Owen Sea-
COMMUNICATIONS.
man; though Mr. Seaman published his “Rhyme of the
Kipperling" as parody, and Mr. Barnes takes his Songs
CONCERNING VERSE OF THE LATE WAR.
of the Ships of Steel” very seriously indeed.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
Now these, either through merit or pretence, are at
When an anthology of the verse of the late war comes one end of the literary ladder. All the rest, the “real
to be prepared, it will be found that it is also an anthol- thing,” the “hot stuff,” whether it has to do with glo-
ogy of international love, so far as Great Britain and rious victory or the horrors of war, is generally to be
the United States are concerned. And it will not con- included in what Mr. Arlo Bates so happily termed
tain many examples of verse of any kind, if its purpose “ the chewing-gum school of verse”- though, to do him
be a literary one; if, on the other hand, the work be justice, he apologized for the phrase, however vulgarly
intended for popular use, it will have thousands. I have necessary. England and Canada had a multitude of
in my possession some hundreds of newspaper clippings, examples of the same genre in their papers, but they
each holding a “poem” related with more or less inti- were of better design and much better execution, even
macy to the Hispano-American conflict. Many of them to the verses in cockney dialect in the “ London Chron-
fall under the distinctly American class of "funny," icle," which suggested that evil communications might
which almost invariably means a source of real grief to there have broken through.
the judicious. The most famous of these is probably The songs that celebrate the rapprochement of Brit-
Mr. John Kendrick Bangs's amusing “Change of Am- annia and Columbia are better than those which have to
bitions," ending:
do with America alone, by a great deal. Mr. Edward
"The grammar's bad; but oh, my son,
McQueen Gray's “ Vision of Reconcilement,” Mr. Wal.
I wish I'd did what Dewey done!”
ter Malone's sonnet to this end in “ Leslie's Weekly,"
Of the more serious, many are in dialect, notably the
and the poem of Mr. Barrett Eastman which was praised
in a recent number of THE DIAL, together with many
“ Together" of Mr. Frank Stanton, which has had the
greatest newspaper vogue, and rightly, since he sings of
another which space does not permit to mention, all
the real union which this war has effected between the
show qualities of which we may very well be proud.
North and South.
Contrasted with those called out by purely national
Before the outbreak of hostilities there was little to
circumstances, and intended solely for domestic con-
be found in English or American verse respecting Cuba.
sumption, there is a whole heaven of differences. The
Mr. Robert Underwood Johnson, Mr. Frank Putnam, and
inference is inevitable: England and Canada will not
Mr. Charles H. Crandall had published books, that of the
print rubbish, even if it is written for their periodicals;
first-named having also a glowing poem on Anglo-Saxon
but America wants it bad, very bad, and plenty of it,-
union which did not gain the attention it deserved; while
it is unnecessary to add that wanting it stands in an
Miss Caroline Duer, Miss Edith M. Thomas, and, later,
adverse ratio to needing it.
WALLACE RICE.
Mr. Lucien V. Rule, have sent out booklets celebrating
Chicago, Sept. 20, 1898.
England as well as America. Many more will follow,
probably of a more popular and less literary type, like
the “ Songs of War and Peace" from the facile
pen
of
THE WOMAN FACTOR IN CHINESE
Mr. Sam Walter Foss.
GOVERNMENT.
But the actual poetry of the day, the verse contained
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
in these clippings of mine, to be taken as typical of the
whole, is at two extremes.
Now that speculation is rife as to the cause and prob-
There is simply nothing
whatever to combine literary quality with proper popu-
able consequences of the recent stepping aside of the
Emperor of China in favor of the Empress-Dowager,
larity in the manner of Mrs. Julia Ward Howe's a Bat-
the following characterization of the lady in Mr. Colqu-
tle Hymn of the Republic.” There is nothing by way houn's “China in Transformation ” (reviewed in The
of narrative to rank with Henry Howard Brownell's
Dial of Sept. 16) is of peculiar interest. Mr. Colqu-
“River Fight” or “ Bay Fight" of our Civil War, houn is the best English authority on the points in ques-
though the victories of Dewey and Scbley need cele- tion. He says (p. 191):
bration. There is no single poet who comes from the
“The woman factor is a potent one in Chinese government,
war period with a reputation greatly enhanced, as Mr.
but never in & worthy sense. . . . How much the present
Edmund Clarence Stedman's was enhanced in the 'six-
collapse of China may be due to the personal qualities of the
ties. But there is some really admirable workmanship, real but illegitimate ruler, the Empress-Dowager, may not be
technically very high, as in the two poems published by known; but there seems to be no doubt that every surrender
Mr. Clinton Scollard, and two, an ode and a quatorzain, made to foreigners since she held the reins was dictated by
by Mr. Richard Hovey, equal to anything from the
her and her personal convenience. A threat of the inva-
Civil War in manner, with two by Mr. Thomas Nelson sion of Peking – if believed in - has always been sufficient to
Page and one by Miss Thomas. Mr. Joaquin Miller
bring her to terms. When the present Emperor was prepared
has also been heard from. There are some others,
to abandon the capital during the Japanese War and resist to
the bitter end, it was that imperious lady who insisted on
chiefly women, Miss Madeline S. Bridges and Mrs.
peace at any price; and it is chiefly on her sensitive feelings
Margaret E. Sangster among them, who have succeeded
that Russian threats take effect, and deprive the Sovereign of
in giving their product something more than catchiness the will and the power to resist their demands."
and sentimentality; but they are few. Mr. Alfred
If such be the case, it seems clear that the statements
Austin heard “A Voice from the West," and Mr. Richard
of the Chinese representative at Washington, to the
Mansfield answered it most successfully, making the
effect that the Empress-Dowager's accession to power
punishment really fit the crime. Mr. Rudyard Kipling
means a general bracing-up of China as against foreign
kept still, as he always does when given his choice be-
encroachments, must be taken cum grano.
tween silence and saying something pleasant about the
E. G. J.
United States. But Mr. James Barnes has caught the September 26, 1898.


1898.]
219
THE DIAL
.
left a taint of low Bohemianism in his ways
The New Books.
and tastes, which the fastidious Prince Consort
of England did not fail to note during the
imperial visit at Windsor. There was, Prince
MR. FORBES'S NAPOLEON THE THIRD.*
Albert thought, a certain " flavor of the canteen
Mr. Archibald Forbes's new Life of Na-
and the barrack hanging about the Emperor
poleon the Third is a popularly written book, and his suit.”
well adapted to the wants and tastes of the
Louis Napoleon was a morbidly selfish man
average reader. The chequered career of Hor- who would sacrifice anything or anyone to gain
tense's scheming son is told in a plain way; a political end : witness his base desertion of
without parade of sentiment or show of pro- Maximilian. He could hazard the life of his
fundity. The author takes a sensible view of own flesh and blood to win some paltry scrap
his rather tawdry hero, and his estimate of him, of political éclat. When he left Paris in 1870,
while we think it in general too lenient, is
to join his army on the frontier, he took with
impartial and rational in the main. The mis- him the young Prince Imperial in order that
fortunes of the man of Sedan have naturally the ill-starred lad might undergo his “ baptism
made the world disposed to condone or pass of fire,” or, in plain terms, might be shot at by
over lightly the iniquities of the man of the the Germans, - a cheap and cruel piece of
a
Coup d'Etat ; and much has been written of theatricality in which the Empress joined.
late tending to show Louis Napoleon in a favor-
Napoleon the Little was a mean and crafty
able light. It has been pointed out, with truth, fisher in troubled waters. He exploited bis
that he was an amiable and a passably respect- neighbors' necessities through arts worthy of
able man in private life; that he was a fairly Chatham Street. When they were at war he
faithful husband, as French husbands of his went between them, plying “his policy of pour-
rank and opportunities go; that he did won- boires, as Bismarck called it, and seeking to
ders in the way of renovating and beautifying extort from the embarrassments of one or other
Paris; that he evinced, in the intervals between
of them a scrap of territory or other douceur in
his chronic enterprises for shoring up his pre- return for his favor or neutrality. At this
cious “ dynasty,” a decent (and politic) regard small diplomatic game he was easily beaten by
for the higher welfare of the nation. But when the big Prussian, who, in 1866, did not hesi-
that is said, the truth remains that impartial tate to cajole him with the prospect of a hand-
history shows Louis Napoleon to have been some “tip ” — which he had no intention of
essentially a plotting, restless, mystifying self- bestowing in the end. In sum, the most re-
seeker, who, to gain his personal ends, did not spectable thing about Louis Napoleon was, to
scruple to trample the rights of humanity under our thinking, his dignified bearing in the hour
foot and shed its blood like ditch-water. When of misfortune, when all was irretrievably lost
he destroyed the Second Republic he was asked and the shadow of death was upon him. A
if he should not find it difficult to rule France: Prince, says Machiavelli, should combine the
“Oh, no!” he replied, “nothing is easier. I qualities of the lion and the fox. The vulpine
leur faut une guerre tous les quatre ans.” That qualities Louis Napoleon certainly possessed in
was his theory of governing France, and he acted no small measure; but there was nothing at all
up to the spirit of it. Thousands of lives were about him of the lion — save (in his palmy
taken and tens of thousands of lives made deso- days) the skin.
late during the Imperial regime in order that Mr. Forbes's estimate of Napoleon III. is
this paltry adventurer might keep the throne he somewhat higher than ours, and may very pos-
had stolen. He was only dwarfed by the great sibly be truer. It is, at all events, not an ex-
Dame he bore. He was as wax in the hands
alted one. Mr. Forbes, it must be added, con-
of men like Cavour and Bismarck, who quickly fines himself mainly to direct narration of
saw through the flimsy veil of his Delphic events, the passages wherefrom his own opin-
affectations. There was always a touch of ions of his hero's character and methods are to
the impostor about him, and the bitter gibes of be gathered being in the main impliedly ap-
Rochefort in “ Figaro” and the Lanterne ”
proved quotations from Jerrold, Kinglake,
provoked inextinguishable laughter because Fraser, Louis Blanc, etc. In fact, this lack of
they hit a palpable mark. His early gipsying critical venturesomeness may prove a little
* LIFE OF NAPOLEON THE THIRD. By Archibald Forbes.
disappointing to the class of readers who like
With Illustrations. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co.
to get their opinions no less than their facts
-
-


220
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
66
from their author. But Mr. Forbes's book is
THE LAWS AND THE LIFE OF A PEOPLE.*
by no means superficial. While its style is rapid
its touch is sure, and it evinces a clear insight The influence of the comparatively recent
into the intricate politics of the period. The interest in the study of political science, as dif-
.
accounts of the Coup d'Etat, of the Crimean ferentiated from that of history, is illustrated
War, of the wretched Mexican business, and of by the two handsomely printed volumes, en-
the preliminaries of the German-French War, titled “A Constitutional History of the Amer-
while they are very concise, are pithy and to ican People," which have just appeared from
the point. Mr. Forbes's explanation of Napo- the work-room of Mr. Francis Newton Thorpe.
leon's fatal delay in 1870 in perfecting the
An examination of a vast amount of material
treaty with Austria and Italy, the preliminaries in the form of state constitutions, legislative
of which, as is now known, had been arranged enactments, and treaties and conventions, has
just before Bismarck gave a timely fillip to
been made to show the truth of a suggestion of
hostilities he saw were inevitable, is interest- Emerson in his “Essay on Politics":
ing. General Lebrun's Memoirs prove con.
“ The form of government which prevails is the ex-
clusively that a coalition against Germany had
pression of what cultivation exists in the population
which permits it. ... The history of the State sketches
actually been formed, and that in case of its
in coarse outline the progress of thought and follows at
success Italy was to get Rome, Austria was to a distance the delicacy of culture and aspiration."
have restored to her Silesia, while France was In the constitution of Massachusetts of 1780,
to receive Belgium and the left bank of the
the state is declared to be a contract, that the
Rhine. The treaty was drawn up, and awaited
government "may be a government of laws,
only the signatures of the Three Powers; but
and not of men." William Penn conceived of
it was not signed when the war broke out in
the state as a compact, but the government was
July. Prince Jerome has told us that the chief
to be “a government of men, and not of laws."
cause of Napoleon's hesitation in the matter
The evolution of these two ideas is taken as the
was the intense feeling manifested by the Cler- history of American politics, and the history of
ical Party in France against handing over
Democracy in America is the record of the
Rome to the lay power in Italy. Prince Jerome's
contest between laws — a conventional system
explanation is the commonly accepted one. of politics and men struggling for industrial
Mr. Forbes offers another theory. The diffi-
freedom. The conditions prevailing in 1776
culty about Rome was not, he thinks, the chief
are essentially different from those of 1850.
reason why the treaty that might have saved Environment, racial and social relations, the
Napoleon his throne was not ratified.
expansion of territory, the movements of pop-
“The Emperor Napoleon had calculated — he was no ulation, all have important bearing upon the
strategist — that by rapidity of concentration he might development of ideas of government, as the
gain some advantage over Germany and perhaps even
win an important battle. If so, he would offer peace to
problems connected with the closely intertwined
the King of Prussia on terms of alliance against En- and often opposing interests of state and na-
gland, assistance for the conquest of Belgium, and the tional sovereignty are worked out in America.
cession to France of the left bank of the Rhine; Prussia
The expressions of the popular mind are the
in return to receive a perfectly free hand in Germany.
state constitutions and legislative enactments;
The governing idea of the Emperor was the formation
of a strong alliance against England. This is proved in
in careful examination and comparison of these
actual documents; and the diary of the Emperor Fred- expressions one is enabled to trace the efforts
erick II. shows that Napoleon did not abandon it even of the people to secure desired ends; and it is
after Sedan. One might commiserate his downfall even
if he had been an unscrupulous man; but to be plotting
these efforts which make up constitutional his-
coolly against the nation in which he had found cordial
tory, because a constitutional history deals pri-
,
sympathy, friendship, and a free asylum, was a baseness marily with persons and not with documents.
from which the most cynical of men might recoil." This seems to be the thesis which is expanded
Mr. Forbes's style is easy and animated, if by Mr. Thorpe. The study divides itself into
a little slipshod at times. His book is by all
several pretty clearly defined parts. One con-
odds the best popular life of Napoleon III., in
sists of lectures of a more or less philosophical
that it is the most solidly instructive one on its
which treat abstract propositi
historical side and the least misleading one on
government.
Another is a comparative study
its biographical. The volume is a comely one,
of state constitutions at various periods down
containing many portraits. Unfortunately, it * A CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE,
lacks an index.
1776-1850. By Francis Newton Thorpe. Illustrated with
E. G. J. maps. In two volumes. New York: Harper & Brothers.
a


1898.]
221
THE DIAL
to 1850. A third comprises an examination the tricks of the platform and the bracketed
of selected typical constituencies, found in newspaper comment, or else, being unsupported
Louisiana, Kentucky, Michigan, and Califor- by evidence, carry no particular weight in oppo-
nia, which constituencies are believed to illus- sition to long-standing notions. Three or four
trate the phases of civil evolution in the North, such opinions are selected :
in the South, in the Border States, and in the “ The Revolution bred innumerable lawsuits and an
Far West. Certain essays on special themes, army of lawyers ranging in ability from John Marshall
to Andrew Jackson."
which, while interesting, do not seem to fit into
the general scheme, are interpolated, and the
“ John Adams was the father of the public school,
the State University, the State College, and the normal
result is " A Constitutional History of the school."
American People.”
“Clergymen were disqualified from civil office, not
There must be decided difference of opinion so much to separate Church and State as to improve the
as to the title. Is this a constitutional history profession."
of the "American people”? Somewhere the
The latter statement is clearly discredited in
author uses the words “ States-united ” in con- other chapters where the privileges of the clergy
tradistinction to “United States," and the ex- under new constitutions are fully discussed.
amination and comparison of state constitutions The opinion expressed in connection with
and legislative enactments which he has made the discovery of the Columbia River by Robert
suggests “ A Constitutional History of States. Gray, that it established our claim to Oregon,
United ” as a preferable title instead of the and that “the law of discovery gave the Ore-
ambitious one used by him.
gon country to the United States," can have
Those portions of the work which compare
little weight when it is recalled that Robert
and contrast state constitutions are both inter- Gray was not an authorized representative of
esting and valuable. Popular ideas are shown
the United States, and that only after many
as reflected in the state papers prepared by years of joint occupation and after long nego-
constitutional conventions, and the growth of
tiation did the United States and Great Brit-
Democracy is weil indicated by the same doc- ain reach an agreement which recognized the
uments. The various tables which show the Oregon country as part of the territory of the
changing qualifications of governor, senator,
former.
representative, elector, make a suggestive study. The governor, who is now an executive instead
A large mass of material was sifted in the pre- of a military character, is described in the words,
paration of these chapters, and the results seem “ In popular fancy he was the man on horse-
satisfactory. A just criticism could not be made back; to-day he is the man with the quill," a
except by one who had had the same advan- rather strange way to put a contrast between
tages of material and had given the same pains- former days and the present, and this infelicity
taking care to the investigation.
of language is accompanied by a declaration,
Specific criticism can be made, however, of
which is not generally true, that whereas in
the other parts of the history. The arguments
other times the governor's message was a docu-
of a philosophical nature make difficult reading.
ment which commanded respect, now it is “con-
The sentences are labored, and are too concise signed to a committee and forgotten.”
to be easily followed. There are frequent allu-
The chapters which are devoted to a study
sions to "now," the present time," the “fu-
of the special constituencies mentioned have
ture," which detract from the value of what is much of interest in them, and, despite the ad-
labelled history. In a transition period, such
verse criticisms which may be made, the history
,
as that through which we are passing, what
is a suggestive one, many problems of our social
may be true in 1898 may be radically false in development being comprehensively treated in
1905. The style is argumentative, as though it, as nowhere else in convenient form. The
the writer had certain propositions to prove. widening of the suffrage, the disturbing influ-
Two sentences will illustrate :
ence of the “free negro,” the development of
" It is doubtful whether a convention called at the the frontier, the modification of ideas of gov-
present time to make a national Constitution would pro-
ernment brought about by the conditions in
vide for annual sessions of Congress.”
“the West," and similar subjects, furnish food
“ The fate of the State Senate is a problem for the for much thought. In some respects the work
future."
is a real contribution to the literature of Amer-
The value of the history is still further re- ican social and political life, although the faults
duced by expressions of opinion, which suggest I indicated and the apparently unfortunate title
a
a


222
(Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
а
will probably deprive the author of praise wealth, and the denial of rights within the em-
which might otherwise be given for his pains- pire equal to those of England. Here was both
taking deductions from a study of a vast amount the strength and the weakness of the Common-
of special material.
wealth.
FRANCIS W. SHEPARDSON.
With the outbreak of the Dutch War and
the consequent breaking down of what little
prestige there still remained to the Long Par-
liament, the interest of the reader is thoroughly
A GREAT HISTORIAN'S TREATMENT awakened. The cause of the war, as presented
OF CROMWELL.*
by Mr. Gardiner, is not to be found in the
The promptness with which Mr. Gardiner's Navigation Act, but in a far more serious griev-
second volume on The Commonwealth and ance. The English insisted upon the right of
Protectorate ”- the sixteenth upon the Stuart searching Dutch vessels for the goods of an
—
period — makes its appearance is a striking enemy. They also insisted that all foreign ves-
evidence of the systematic and business-like sels, when within the narrow seas, should strike
methods of the author. The volume opens with their colors in recognition of the authority of
an account of the new opinions that were get the English flag over these waters. The effort
ting hold of the popular mind in the last days of to enforce these obnoxious measures upon the
the Parliamentary government. In the general high-spirited Dutchmen brought on the first
unrest, bred of reaction from the religious-
clash of arms. Other causes more remote had
ness of the Puritan, together with the awaken- irritated either country and prepared it for re-
ing of materialistic motives in the nation, Mr. sistance : particularly the ambition of certain of
Gardiner sees the seeds of the Restoration the English leaders for the absorption of the
already bursting into life. This prepares for Protestant Netherlands in the new English
the consideration of the various projects of re- Imperial system, together with no slight fear
form which early thrust themselves upon the
of the return of the House of Orange to power,
attention of the Long Parliament, and the thus threatening to give an additional support
increasing evidence of the inability of that body to the Stuart influence on the continent. This
to acquit itself of the new and vast responsi-
is somewhat different from the commonly ac-
bilities of its position.
cepted view, which perhaps has given overmuch
In the account of the completion of the re- weight to the Navigation Act of 1651,- a very
duction of Ireland, there is little to interest the mild and inoffensive measure compared with the
reader. Police court records are always tame
later act of Charles II. The chapters following
reading, after the war correspondents have had give a detailed account of the events of the war,
their say. In passing, however, it is to be no- and are the first attempt to treat of this subject
ticed that Mr. Gardiner does not favor the with any fulness or completeness. It is inter-
Irish policy of the Commonwealth, though he esting to notice that Mr. Gardiner agrees with
stops to say a good word for Ireton. The plan Professor Laughton in rejecting the fable of
of union with Scotland hardly meets with more
Admiral Tromp's famous broom.
favor. Yet it is difficult to see what other
The dissipation of the lingering respect of
policy could have been adopted. Both countries the nation for the Long Parliament is closely
were hotbeds of royalism; they had been re- associated with this Dutch War. The leaders
duced by the sword, and only by the sword of Parliament were apparently dazed by the
could they be held, and the possibility of future new responsibilities which the success of En-
insurrection, or actual invasion of English soil, glish arms had thrust upon them, and were
be forestalled. As it was, it must be admitted rendered nerveless by their knowledge of the
that, for the times, the concessions of Parlia-corruption of the members and the growing
ment, and later of the Protector, were remark- contempt of the army. The war was the doing
ably liberal. Stern necessity forced the policy of neither Cromwell nor the army, and from
of Imperialism upon Parliament; and if Impe. the first had been unpopular with the people.
rial at all
, its authority must be supported by It was contrary to all the traditions born of the
a strong hand. Self-preservation demanded the bitter struggles of the past century that two
subordination of both countries to the Common-
Protestant nations, especially two so closely
allied as the English and the Dutch, should
* HISTORY OF THE COMMONWEALTH AND PROTECTORATE,
1649-1660. By Samuel Rawson Gardiner, M.A. Volume II.,
seek to destroy each other. So, when at last
1651-1654. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
the bankruptcy of the government compelled
a


1898.]
223
THE DIAL
a
Mr. Gardiner attempts to a policy.
-
the Parliament to turn again to confiscation hard to tally with the view of Cromwell which
for relief, its doom was sealed.
presents him as “a man of supreme ability and
The act of dissolution made Cromwell a iron resolution.”
military dictator. But for the moment he This is the most unsatisfactory part of the
shrank from the logical consequences of his volume. Mr. Gardiner has an ill-disguised
audacity. Englishmen were not used to the fondness for the old hero, and cannot break
idea of a dictator. They were familiar with a entirely with the traditional English interpre-
dictating Parliament. So at least the shadow tation of the administration of the Protector.
of a Parliament Cromwell must have, in order He still sees in him the founder of England's
to give the appearance of legality to the new foreign policy, of her navy, and of her Ocean
government. But how should the new Parlia- Empire. Whereas it may be questioned whether
ment be brought into being? A new election by Cromwell ever caught more than the vaguest
the people would naturally suggest itself to glimpses of any great foreign policy. He was
every Englishman. But Cromwell dared not surrounded by visionaries of the most radical
trust the people. The reaction against Puri- type. In the popular mind, moreover, there had
tanism was already too strong. So, soldier-like, taken shape a very definite policy, inherited
he went straight at his mark, and named his from the struggle of the generation past: that
own Parliament. Of course, such a body could England should cast in the weight of her great
not be called a Parliament in any legal sense; military prestige with the Protestant nations
and the members, when they came together, against the Inquisition. Cromwell's training
seem to have been fully conscious of their am- had prepared him for the adoption of such
biguous position. Mr. Gardiner attempts to a policy. Hence he did not favor the Dutch
impart some dignity to the body by calling it war, but leaned rather toward a league with
the “ Nominated Parliament." The name is Sweden and the Dutch against Spain and the
apt enough, but we confess to a liking for the Empire. But Cromwell first and last was a
old familiar “Barebones” – a name which practical man. There was little of the poet in
lacks dignity; but then, that is what the “ Bare- his nature, and sentiment received little con-
bones Parliament" lacked first and last. For sideration in the making of his plans. From
a time, Cromwell let them have the leash. But his loftier point of view he could see what few
when a real party of progress began to show Englishmen of his day saw, that the issues of
itself,- for all Englishmen were not as dead as the Thirty Years War were dead, and that the
Charles I., and some dared to have an opinion new material interests of England were rapidly
different from that of the Lord General, in a drawing her into currents where poor old Spain
word, proposed to abolish state support of and her Inquisition would have no more influ-
clergy and do away with the Court of Chan- ence than the rotting hulks of her ancient Ar.
cery, — Cromwell saw that it was time to lay mada. To Cromwell, the maintaining of the
the spirit which he had called up.
great military state, which he had done so much
When the abdication of his spurious Parlia- to build up, and of which he was the sole head,
ment was announced, with a fine show of sur- was of far more importance than any partition
prise, hard to explain by his admirers who be- of the colonial world with Protestant power or
lieve always in the honest simplicity of their the building up of an anti-papal league. His
hero, he told the messengers that it was “a
motives were undoubtedly pure. He honestly
heavy responsibility” they were laying on his believed, simple-hearted old soldier, that he was
shoulders. Then followed the Instrument of necessary to England ; and only as existing
Government and the appointment of the Lord conditions could be preserved could the rights
General as Protector of the Realm. This docu- of Englishmen be maintained, or the fruits of
ment,— for once a written constitution for En- victory be saved against the plotting of exiled
gland, and upon which Cromwell held his brief, Stuarts, the smoldering hostility of Ireland and
Mr. Gardiner has analyzed, and shows that, Scotland, or the numerous factions at home.
contrary to the prevailing opinion, Cromwell Here, then, was Cromwell's policy; very differ-
was by no means absolute, but was compelled ent from the vast combination, the far-reaching
to share his authority with the Council of planning of colonial empire, which is ascribed
State; and suggests that the inability of the
to him. The Commonwealth had been estab-
Protector always to bring the Council to his lished by the sword; it could be maintained
way of thinking may account for some of the only by the sword. To that end England must
vacillation of the Protectoral government, so I keep up her present military establishment.
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224
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а
-
-
as om-
This, however, was not such an easy matter, that the one who secures the prize shall pay him
now that the open foes of the Commonwealth well.
had been crushed or driven over-seas, and the Spain raised her bid at last to fifty thousand
direct demand for an army was no longer felt. crowns a month. Some members of the Spanish
The people wanted peace, and were unwilling council urged that as the whole fortune of Spain
to go on contributing of their means for the was at stake, even a hundred thousand crowns
support of the old war footing. In other words, would be no exorbitant subsidy. Mazarin
like Napoleon under somewhat similar circum- offered four, then five hundred thousand crowns
stances, Cromwell could not afford to remain
a year.
He also dangles Dunkirk before the
long without war. He was as hard put to it eyes of the Protector, and offers to give him a
for money as any beggar of a Stuart. What free opportunity in the Indies, where he may
he needed was a profitable, self-supporting war. enrich himself further upon Spain's treasure
So, with the shrewdness of the soldier rather fleets. Still Cromwell hesitated, that he might
than of the statesman, regarding his own im- force a still higher bid from the one party or
mediate needs rather than any remote conse- the other.
quences, he proposed that France or Spain, one Now, this may be statesmanship, but it looks
or both, should furnish the money, — and he too much like business, — and business, too, of
-
apparently did not really care which, though a low order: blackmail, in fact, for there was
Englishmen generally would have preferred always the covert threat of punishment to the
to fight Spain.
unsuccessful bidder. War at best is a bad
The political conditions of Europe at this business, and civilized nations are accustomed
time were extremely favorable for the plans of to regard war as justified only when great prin- .
Cromwell. The long duel of Spain and France ciples are at stake. But here is your great
had reached a most critical point. In 1653 Oliver, “ founder of British foreign policy,” as
Mazarin had again returned to power,
cool as a huckster, offering the blood of En-
nipotent as God the Father at the beginning of glishmen in open market to the highest bidder :
the world.” But the government was weak. the one, the traditional foe of England, the
ened by a powerful revolt of its nobles, and the harborer of the exiled Stuarts ; the other, the
field of battle was in the heart of France. Yet relentless foe of Protestantism and the land of
Spain also had her troubles. Her ocean empire the Inquisition.
was declining rapidly, and financially she had At last France would go no further, and
been long since exbausted. Both parties seemed Cromwell was forced to close with Spain. But
to feel that with England lay the decision of when Spain urged him to fulfil his contract
the long quarrel. Cromwell was evidently will- and declare war against France, he hedged and
ing to interfere, but the side which he should postponed action. Two days later it transpired
support must be determined by the price paid that he was again bargaining with the emissa-
.
Now to Mr. Gardiner the great Protector ries of Mazarin and offering to betray Spain if
seems here “ vacillating, weak, and fickle.” It France would raise her figure. It is said in
is because Cromwell's real policy was not the justification of this double-dealing that Oliver
policy which Mr. Gardiner thinks he ought to wa
wanted Dunkirk, and he did n't care how he
have espoused. There is in reality no fickleness, got it. But in the partial agreement of June
no weakness, no vacillation. On the contrary, 18, 1654, Cromwell expressly stipulated that
he goes straight at his mark with a directness Dunkirk was to be held only as a security for
and bluntness and consistency which is almost the payment of the annual subsidy which
brutal. Hence ensues the long series of nego- France was to give him for his support. Nor
tiations with the two Catholic courts of the can it be said that Oliver, in thus seeking at
west, which Mr. Gardiner follows through to the last moment to ally with France against a
the end with characteristic patience. The posi- power to which he had just solemnly pledged
tion of Cromwell is not one of dignity; yet he himself, was making a last effort to shelter the
has no doubt in his own mind concerning the Huguenots ; for, in his anxiety to secure better
object which he seeks to gain. He is like nothing terms than Spain had offered, he had ceased
so much as a camel-driver haggling for back altogether to ask for any formal guarantee for
shish. Yet, like a camel-driver, he knows ex- the toleration of the French Protestants.
actly what he wants : it is money. He doesn't Mr. Gardiner, with characteristic candor, is
care which party rides his poor beast; he knows at last compelled to throw up in despair his task
they can't both ride at once, so he proposes of finding a policy” for the Protector. “Thus
—
“
>
-


1898.]
225
THE DIAL
a
.
far," he concludes, “a study of the foreign order to form connexions, chiefly for the purpose of
policy of the Protectorate reveals a distracting marriage or with some other interested views.”
maze of fluctuations. Oliver is seen alternately
These details and quotations are taken from
courting France and Spain, constant only in a biographical sketch prefacing the present
inconstancy." 66 After all allowance
work, and written by Henry K. Beauchamp,
much remains only to be accounted for by
the translator. Mr. Beauchamp's biography is
Oliver's own changeableness," — a conclusion interesting, and probably as complete as can be
of the whole matter unworthy of an author as made, the Abbé having been a modest and re-
astute and penetrating as Mr. Gardiner usually tiring man. Mr. Beauchamp also is supposed
is, and entirely out of keeping with what else to have annotated the work; but his annotation
we know of the great Protector.
is worse than none. His notes are few in num-
BENJAMIN TERRY.
ber, trivial in importance, and captiously criti-
cal; they neither elucidate the author nor tend
to increase the reader's respect for him or his
work. Max Müller's prefatory note is almost
AN ENCYCLOPÆDIC WORK ON INDIA.* as bad : it damns by faint praise.
Abbé Dubois is among the most interesting
Dubois's work, however, is most important.
characters in the history of Christian missions
The fact that it was written so long ago but
in India. Born in 1770, dying in 1848, he
makes it the more valuable ; many things, then
spent thirty-one years in India, chiefly in the commonplace, have now passed away forever.
Dekhan and Madras Presidency. While in
The Abbé's mode of life and his simplicity of
India he adapted himself to the people among character gave him exceptional opportunity to
whom he lived, adopting the native dress, speak- see and know. It is true that much of bis
ing a native tongue, eating the food of the description of the life and practice of the Brah-
country, respecting the recognized rules regard- min was drawn from ancient writings rather
ing ceremonial cleanness and caste. So intimate than from experience, and was probably no
was his acquaintance with Hindu life and char- more actual usage in his time than it is now ;
acter that his opinion and advice were often
but he also did know much even of high-caste
important to English officials. In fact, the life from personal knowledge, and gives many
earlier manuscript of the work before us — the
- data of great importance. As for his statements
only one heretofore translated and printed in regarding other castes, they are almost entirely
English was purchased by the East India based upon careful personal observation.
Company and printed at their expense. After The work is divided into three parts
his long service in the mission field, the Abbé “ General View of Society in India and General
returned to France in 1823, and lived there Remarks on the Caste System," "The Four
” “
quietly until his death twenty-five years later.
States of Brahminical Life,” “ Religion.” The
Remembering the Abbé's exceptional oppor-
first two of these is discussed in the minutest
tunities, it is interesting to notice some state- detail; the sketch of Hindu religion, while less
ments which he makes in a work (" Letters on detailed, is still a significant and fairly sym-
the State of Christianity in India") printed metrical discussion. The work may be said
soon after his return to France. He says:
to be almost encyclopædic for its field. The
“ Let the Christian religion be presented to these
older English edition has been, ever since its
people under every possible light, . : . the time of con- appearance, a veritable mine of material for
version has passed away, and under existing circum- students. The present translation, based upon
stances there remains no human possibility of bringing
a later, enlarged, corrected, and everyway much
it back."
Again, in speaking of his own work, so wisely
improved manuscript, should be even more use-
conducted, he says:
ful to the students now entering the field.
FREDERICK STARR.
“During the long period I lived in India in the capa-
city of a missionary, I have made, with the assistance
of a native missionary, in all between two and three
hundred converts of both sexes. Of this number, two- THE “Travels in Tartary, Thibet, and China," by
thirds were Pariahs or beggars; and the rest were com- M. Huc, which has already become classical, has been
posed of Sudras, vagrants, and outcasts of several
reprinted, in the translation of W. Hazlitt, in two attrac-
tribes, who, being without resource, turned Christians in
tive volumes, with the old-style wood-cuts, by the Open
* HINDU MANNERS, CUSTOMS, AND CEREMONIES. By Abbé Court Publishing Co. This work is still an authority on
J. A. Dubois. Translated from the later French manuscript, Thibetan Buddhism, and by its pleasant narration of
by Henry K. Beauchamp. New York: The Macmillan Co. varied adventures will always be readable.
-


226
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
"
afar from our seething civilization into another
SOME RECENT BOOKS OF TRAVEL.*
world, an isolated and desolate region, which even
Dr. John Thomson, the author of “ Through in the author's plain prosaic account powerfully
China with a Camera,” describes the China of to- stirs the imagination. The meeting with the Thib-
day in a capable, well-written account, embellished etan caravan and the subsequent adventures with
with many very superior photographic illustrations. nomad Mongols are graphically told. Though
He gives in entertaining fashion his impressions of Captain Welby's record shows no special literary
Hong Kong, Canton, Macao, Shanghai, etc., and quality, nor such close observation of men and
also tells of a trip amongst the aborigines of For- things as we should desire, yet we are thankful for
mosa and of an expedition to the upper Yangstze. the modest, simple narrative of a notable exploit.
His description of a cheap and carious method the The work is provided with elaborate and valuable
natives about Yen-Ping had of warming themselves maps, and it contains many illustrations, some of
is worth quoting.
which are very good.
“ Many of the men hereabouts appeared deformed, “Halcyon Days in Norway, France, and the
but the deformity was due to the small charcoal fur- Dolomites,” by Mr. W. M. Lent, is a fairly well writ-
naces which they carried concealed beneath their dress,
ton account of commonplace experiences in common
and used to keep their bodies warm. As there are no touring trips. The enthusiastic descriptions of scen-
fireplaces in the houses, these portable furnaces prove
very convenient substitutes. At first, when I saw so
ery are too prolix and frequent. The sketches in
many humps about, I supposed that some special dis-
the second part of the book are extremely brief, and
ease must be common in the place, or else that the suf-
too often the book has the air of an itinerary. The
ferers had gathered themselves together from different
paragraphing and literary structure show little care.
parts of the empire to test the efficacy of some curative The portion on the Dolomites has some value and
spring, like the hot wells near Foochow, where I had interest, but as a whole the work has little raison
"
healing vapours. But the little copper furnaces encased
clearly executed.
in basket-work supplied a less melancholy explanation “Canada and its Capital,” by the Hon. J. D.
of the mystery."
Edgar, is a popular summary, historical and de-
This is a good popular descriptive book, and is scriptive, designed primarily to enlighten Canadians
handsomely manufactured. It lacks a map, but has in general “about Ottawa, and the doings of the
an appendix of Formosan words which may be of people there.” The writer, who is Speaker of the
service to the philologist.
Canadian House of Commons, naturally enlarges on
To the numerous books on Thibet, Captain M. S. political history and life, but he also gives attention
Welby makes a notable and interesting contribution to Ottawan literature and sport. He regards the
in his “Through Unknown Thibet," Starting from question of annexation to the United States as “not
Srinagar, he with a small party travelled due east a live one in Canada.” The book has a number of
across central and unexplored Thibet for 2000 miles
interesting illustrations.
to Tankar on the confines of China. For many hun- In “The Rainbow's End : Alaska,” Mrs. A. P.
dreds of miles he traversed the dreary “Roof of the Henderson gives her impressions of a trip, in 1897,
World,” 16000 feet above sea-level, entirely unin- from Chicago to Dawson by way of the Yukon
habited, but near the occasional fresh-water lakes, River route. The narrative is distinctly feminine
abounding in wild yak, antelope, and other game. He in its point of view, and is written in pleasant en-
tells of seeing marmots “as large as men.
6. The
tertaining style. The author has also gleaned infor-
holes down which they must have hidden were so mation from minors and others, on the animals of
large that I could have crawled down them myself." | Alaska, particularly reindeer and dogs, on the In-
Captain Welby's journey was in the highest degree dians, on the resources of Alaska, on the miner's
adventurous, and lovers of adventure will read his outfit, etc. While giving little that is exactly new,
narrative with absorbing interest. We are carried the book is an intelligent and readable account.
* THROUGH CHINA WITH A CAMERA. By John Thomson.
The photographic illustrations are of much interest.
New York: Dodd, Mead & Co.
Mr. G. W. Steevens, whose recent book on “ The
THROUGH UNKNOWN THIBET. By M. S. Welby, Phila- Conquering Turk” was lately reviewed in these col-
delphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
umns, has followed up that work by a summary
HALCYON DAYS IN NORWAY, FRANCE, AND THE DOLOM-
on Egypt, entitled “Egypt in 1898.” He deals
By William Bement Lent. New York: Bonnell,
Silver & Co.
capably with English rule and influence, though
CANADA AND ITS CAPITAL. By Hon.J.D. Edgar. Toronto:
sometimes in an over-glorifying strain. He also
George N. Morang.
describes in a breezy way a Nile trip and a visit to
THE RAINBOW'S END: ALASKA. By Alice Palmer Hen- the Coptic monastery of St. Mark; and in connec-
derson, Chicago: Herbert S. Stone & Co.
tion therewith he gives a capital little chapter to
EGYPT IN 1898. By G. W. Steevens. New York: Dodd,
Cook, the mighty tourist agent. The book is bright
Mead & Co.
and incisive, with occasional undue straining for
YESTERDAYS IN THE PHILIPPINES. By J. E. Stevens.
New York: Charles Scribner's Song.
effect. The guests at Shepheard's Hotel, Cairo, he
FELLOW TRAVELLERS. By Rev. Francis E. Clarke. Chi- characterizes as “ the people who live in their boxes
cago: Fleming H, Revell Co.
and grand hotels, who know all lands but no lan-
ITES.
>


1898.]
227
THE DIAL
-
:
guages, who have been everywhere and done noth- ily to the path marked out, and, for this time at
ing, looked at everything and seen nothing, read least, archæology, art, and military annals have re-
everything and know nothing, - who spoil the mained ancillary to their sister of to-day — political
globe by trotting on it." Again, remarking on an- economy. What strikes us most in this instructive
cient Egyptian art, he
says: 6. The civilized idea of essay is the fact that it approaches each of these
producing fine art is to make it beautiful : the bar- ancient civilizations at the epoch of its greatest
barous idea is to make it large.” Mere obiter dicta industrial or commercial prosperity, so that its spe-
are these expressions, but striking and suggestive. cial contribution may be extracted under the most
The illustrations are, unfortunately, rather blurry. favorable conditions; instead of the traditional trac-
Mr. J. E. Stevens, as commercial resident at ing of growth, culmination, and decay. Thus, the
Manila for a Boston firm, in 1894–96, has written Phænicians are studied at the time when they sailed,
down his experiences and impressions in lively colonized, and traded over the whole Mediterranean ;
manner in a book entitled “ Yesterdays in the Phil- the bloom-time of Greek history — the age of Peri-
ippines.” The volume is particularly devoted to cles — is selected ; and Rome's industrial conditions
describing social life and to a record of holiday are described as they existed in the best days of the
excursions. In the light of recent events, it is Republic and the Empire. Cause and effect are
interesting to notice that in celebrating the King's clearly discriminated; and in general the conclu.
birthday one of the set pieces of fireworks was «а sions reached commend themselves to students of
royal representation of a full-rigged man-of-war political history. On economic grounds, the author
carrying the Spanish flag, and she was shown in the condemns the magnificent art-structures reared by
act of utterly annihilating an iron-clad belonging to Pericles on the Acropolis ; and the verdict, as one
some indefinite enemy.” Mr. Stevens does not favor not often heard, is worth producing here: “The
the possession of the Phillippines by the United treasure was exhausted once for all, and there was
States. While this book has not the thoroughness no means of replacing it, such as arises with capital
or competence of Foreman's comprehensive work, employed in industry or trade; it was locked up in
it is much more entertaining and popular, although forms that are artistically superb, but economically
its vivacity sometimes comes a little too close to flip-worthless. There may be sentimentalists who are
pancy and vulgarity. It contains a map and some shocked at any such philistine efforts to appraise
interesting illustrations.
the economic importance of the grandest works of
The Rev. Francis E. Clarke, well known as the architectural art. But after all, we may appreciate
founder and president of the Christian Endeavor them better if we know what they cost; we may
Union, described his recent world-trip in the inter- still feel that they were well worth the cost, but at
ests of this organization in a series of articles to least let us recognize what it was. A heroic action
various periodicals, and these he has now collected may cost a man his life, and we may hold it was a
in a volume entitled “Fellow Travellers.” The deed that was well worth dying for. So, too, it
book contains sketches of mission work and impres- may be that the buildings on the Acropolis were
sions of countries and peoples, and is written in a well worth the strain they caused; it is none the
simple, direct, modern style, which will recommend | less true that they helped to exhaust the energies of
it to many other than the constituency primarily Athens. . . They proved to be a mere drain on
addressed. There are a few serviceable illustrations. the accumulated wealth of the present, while they
HIRAM M. STANLEY. gave no help of any sort for producing more wealth
in the future. The wealth of Miletus was continu-
ally circulating, and gave the means for an indus-
trial community to grow and flourish; the wealth
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
of Athens and her allies was sunk, once for all, in
creations of marvellous beauty.”
Economic aspects
Dr. Cunningham's “ Western Civili-
of ancient zation in its Economic Aspects"
“The Founders of Geology" (Mac-
The origins
civilizations.
(Macmillan) is an examination of and founders millan) is the title of a volume con-
the main economic features in the growth and dif-
of geology.
taining a course of six lectures deliv.
fusion of civilized life in Western Europe ; and is ered at Johns Hopkins University by Sir Archibald
therefore part of that reform in the writing of his Geikie, Director-General of the Geological Survey
tory which insists that the life of the people, in of Great Britain and Ireland. The work presents
ancient and mediæval times, is at least as well worth a history of geology, which had its germs in the
studying as the battles and deaths of kings. Pro- writings of the cosmogonists, Leibnitz and Buffon,
fessor Cunningham considers, in well-ordered suc- and in the labors of Guettard, who studied miner-
cession, the commercial and industrial conditions alogy, palæontology, and physiography, from about
which made or marred the prosperity of Egypt, the middle of the last century, but whose name,
,
,
Judæa, Phænicia, Greece, Rome, and Constanti- even, is nearly forgotten. A science of such intrin-
nople. The temptation to diverge into excursus sic interest soon aroused votaries. Desmarest
on other attractive features of ancient life must studied the mountains of Auvergne; De Saussure
have been great; but the author has adhered stead penetrated the fastnesses of the Alps ; then came


228
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
Werner, with his Neptunian theory, assuming that The method of producing pictures for commercial
all rocks were deposited under water. The origin uses, in which every conceivable hue, tint, and tone
of basalt was the bone of contention in those days: may be reproduced by printing successively yellow,
was it born of water or fire? The Neptunists out- red, and blue pigments upon white paper, is simply
numbered the Vulcanists. After a time, Hutton and clearly explained. The crucial phase of the
entered the arena. He distinguished between sed- process is that before the light from a multi-colored
imentary and igneous rocks, holding that granite object is allowed to fall upon a sensitized plate in a
and basalt were erupted from the interior of camera it has been made to pass through a filter
the earth. The discussion was long and bitter. that has arrested all rays but those of one potency,
The disposition to generalize upon an inadequate yellow, red, or blue. One negative is thus made
knowledge of facts was unavoidable. Both parties with yellow rays only; another with red only; an-
knew a little truth and imagined a great deal of other with blue only, and from each a corresponding
a
error. About the beginning of the present century positive is made, or a half-tone plate is prepared.
appeared Cuvier and Brongniart, who laid the From the half-tone plate made by yellow light a
foundation of stratigraphic geology, illustrated by print is made with yellow ink; on this the plate
palæontology, zoology, and comparative anatomy. from the red superposes a print made with red ink ;
William Smith, their contemporary, made the be- on this the plate from the blue adds its contribution
ginnings of a geological survey of England. The printed with blue ink. The result is a picture of
work, having now assumed the outlines of its true a perfection hitherto unknown.
proportions, was further aided in England, Scot-
land and Wales, by Sedgwick and Murchison, who
Another work on the American Navy
Uncle Sam's
developed the classification of the Devonian, Silu. fighting ships.
serves to show the remarkable revival
rian, and Cambrian systems. William Allen Logan
of interest felt by the people of the
showed how the outlines of European geology were
United States in that single institution of theirs
applicable to explain the geological conditions found which has always been both ornamental and useful.
in the United States and Canada. Adding a dis-
The Navy Department informs the public that the
cussion of glacial geology as studied in Switzer- personnel of the men seeking to enlist for service on
land, the British Isles, and America by Agassiz,
the sea has been changed very much for the better
of petrography by Nicol, Bryson, and Sorby, the
since the victory at Manila taught the infant Amer-
lecturer closes with a brief account of the labors of
ican mind that it, too, could learn to shoot; and
Charles Lyell and Charles Darwin. The interest Mr. Charles Morris, with “ The Nation's Navy"
and value of the course of lectures lies in the com- (Lippincott), emphasizes the fact that five years
prehensive view given of the progress made by geol- have hardly elapsed since Mr. Edgar Stanton
ogy in the past century and a half to its present Maclay gave Americans the first history they had
commanding position in the circle of the natural ever had an opportunity to read for instruction in
sciences.
respect of their ships and sailors. Since then,
Roosevelt, Barnes, Spears, and others, have pub-
The latest
The volume entitled “Light, Visible lished histories ; Captain Mahan has risen to the
facts and theories and Invisible” (Macmillan) is made first eminence, at home and abroad; two or three
about Lighl.
up
of reports of six lectures delivered
men and one woman have written cheerful historical
by Professor Sylvanus P. Thompson, at the Royal novels, mostly for the young, in which the interest
Institution in London. Lectures presented, as were is both American and nautical; several admirals in
these, to large and popular audiences, must be cast our service, notably Trenchard and Franklin, have
in a style addressed to the intelligent layman; must added memoirs of much interest; and a bushel or
present the latest phases of discovery and of theory,
80 of poets have celebrated the deeds of the sea-
abreast with the most advanced science; and must fighters of America, who in this respect had there-
be profusely and aptly illustrated. In each of these
tofore been sadly neglected. Among all these there
respects these lectures display the skill of one who is still room for such a book as Mr. Morris has de-
is master both of his subject and of the methods of vised. He opens with a brief account of what has
its presentation. The fertility of invention which
been done in the past to make the Stars and Stripes
has devised new forms of experiment, and the skill respected on the seas, and he concludes with the
of manipulation in presenting illustrations new and tale of the “ New Navy." There are few omissions
old, show the same aptness which gave Tyndall his
of consequence, the most serious of them being in
fame as an exponent as well as a discoverer of sci-
respect of the recent rebuilding of certain ships ;
The lecturer has not attempted to cover the and an excellent handbook results.
entire field. Geometrical optics is necessarily
avoided, and with it the theory and construction of
Numerous as have been the books
optical instruments, together with spectrum analysis
about Hawaii of late, Miss Mary H.
and most of the subject of color vision. The theory
Krout's * Hawaii and a Revolution"
of light-waves is plainly elucidated; so are polari- (Dodd) offers much that is new and varied. As
zation, the spectrum visible and invisible, and the the title indicates, the book contains considerable
later discoveries as to the kathode or Röntgen rays. descriptive matter, which, however, is not confined
ܪܐ
ence.
Hawaii
once more.
a


1898.]
229
THE DIAL
erg.
9
to the theme, but includes a visit to Samoa (and From the middle of the third century, when
Stevenson), Australia, and New Zealand.
The the Franks are first mentioned in history, down to
author did not travel extensively through the 987, when Hugh Capet was acknowledged King of
Islands, hence her treatment of the unique natural France, is an ample space to cover; but Mr. Ser-
phenomena there presented is not so complete as geant has gone patiently, even briskly, over it all.
that of some of her predecessors. She is happy in He has made good use of his authorities, from Tac-
describing people, places, and institutions which
itus to Palgrave, and gives us results rather than
came to her notice, and her anecdotes and personal citations. Legends are generally discarded, but the
incidents give a strong local color to the book. Po- story is none the less attractive for that.
Of helps
litically, the author is frankly on the side of the to make the book useful as a manual of reference
party which successfully carried through the revo- there is no lack, such as genealogical tables, terri-
lution, though she acknowledges that she went to torial maps, and two indexes, one being of Roman
the Islands with strong sympathy for the natives as names with their modern equivalents. The volume
a people who had been unjustly defrauded of their is handsomely illustrated, the frontispiece being an
rights. The dealings of the United States with the excellent wood-cut from Dürer's famous painting of
Provisional Government are treated at length, with Charlemagne. In the matter of spelling, Mr. Ser-
outspoken criticism of the president, cabinet officer, geant very sensibly adheres to the popular forms,
commissioner, and minister who conducted them. and writes Clovis instead of Hlodowig or Chlodo-
At times her statements pass the point of guarded vech. But he would have done better to spell the
expression and become captious fault-finding. The name of the eastern kingdom Austrasia (with
author apologizes for the frequent recurrence of
Kitchin and others) instead of Austria, if only to
the personal pronoun. The brave spirit in which avoid confusion with the later great empire of the
she did her work in the presence of much personal Hapsburgs.
suffering deserves commendation, but undoubtedly
the repeated reference to private inconvenience
There are two good reasons why
A Yankee
Professor
mars the result from a literary point of view.
Prof. Moses Coit Tyler should repub-
in England. lish essays written during a sojourn
Wild life
Very entertaining tales of the wild in England, ending in 1866, at just this time: one is
in field
animals of the woods and meadows
the unusual interest felt in British affairs since the
and wood.
and brooks of New England are to be
two nations learned, a month or two ago, how to be
found in Mr. F. Schuyler Mathews's “ Familiar Life reasonably polite to one another; the second is the
in Field and Forest" (Appleton). A true student
increased interest felt in anything Professor Tyler
of nature, the author has succeeded in making the has written, by reason of his recent praiseworthy
acquaintance of such
uncanny
our ancient services in behalf of American letters. The little
enemy the opbidian,” and of “that famous essence- papers which make up the contents of “Glimpses of
peddler” and much slandered friend of the orchard England ” (Putnam) are popular in treatment,
and garden. Frequent references to the best Amer- good-natured in manner, and interesting in sub-
-
ican authorities upon all points of scientific import-
stance. The traditional attitude of America toward
ance are supplemented by the writer's own obser-
the English intellect is humorously upheld, and with
vations and abundant drawings; while a series of pho-
it such a real appreciation of all that has made En-
tographs of wild animals, by Mr. W.L. Underwood, gland the envy of the European world as should be
add much to the interest in the book. A popular expected from such a writer. The period covered
account is given of the common frogs, salamanders,
is the exceedingly interesting though provoking one
snakes, a few of the birds, and most of the mammals,
of the Civil War and its close, and the veering senti-
of the Eastern States, and the story is told in such a ment of the ruling classes abroad receives adequate
pleasing manner that every lover of Nature will be
attention. Some of the tales have been worn thread-
charmed with this new glimpse at these shy little
bare by the lapsing years, but their repetition is the
people of the woods. The preface contains a plea
more readily pardoned since Professor Tyler was
for their preservation that every boy (and many
their original discoverer in most cases.
would-be sportsmen) should read and heed.
Any condensation of Motley's “Rise
A student's
Mr. Lewis Sergeant's work on “The
of the Dutch Republic" necessarily
The story of
Motley.
the Franks.
Franks, from their Origin as a Con-
destroys much of the charming style
federacy to the Establishment of the and eloquent language of the original work, and
Kingdom of France and the German Empire” is a Dr. William Elliot Griffis's attempt in this direction,
compact volume of about 350 pages in the Story of in his “Student's Motley” (Harper), proves no
the Nations" series (Patnam). The limits of the nar- exception to the rule. Persons who are inclined to
rative are dimly defined at the beginning, sharply at historical reading, and presumably “students" also,
the end. The author recognizes the difficulty of sepa- will still prefer to read Motley himself; while for
rating what is historically authentic" from that which those, if there are any such, who desire to avoid
at best has but a dubious origin.” That he has well the philosophy of history, and to garner only a
discharged the task will be conceded by most read- series of facts, the book is not suited, inasmuch as
folk as


230
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
-
(6
the original matter in the work is reduced but a
BRIEFER MENTION.
little more than a third by this condensation. In
Part VII., which continues the history of Holland It is now nine years since the appearance of Professor
from the death of William the Silent to the present
Woodrow Wilson's “The State," and they have been
time, Dr. Griffis has given us his own interpreta-
years of increasing appreciation of the admirable quali-
tion of historical events, and his work is marked
ties of that text-book of political science. It represented
by scholarly care and excellent writing. The chap-
to a large extent a breaking of new ground in the field
of college work, and won for itself from the start so
ters devoted to Dutch history in the seventeenth
firm a foothold that we wondered something of the sort
century are especially valuable, and constitute in
had not been done before. But the political world
some respects a distinct contribution to historical
moves not a little in a decade of these modern times,
writing, because of their clearness and accuracy of and a revision was needed. Such an improved edition
statement and fine characterization. In fact, one has just been published (Heath), embodying the latest
is led to regret that the author did not devote more arrangements of the political kaleidoscope, both in this
time and space to a history of later Holland instead country and in Europe, and the stout volume of over
of attempting a condensation of Motley. The book
six hundred pages is made more valuable than ever be-
fore by the timely revision to which it has been subjected.
is noteworthy for the numerous excellent portraits
of the men and women of importance in the polit-
Rear Admiral Franklin, in his “Memories" (Harper),
ical and religious history of the nation. It contains
gives a running picture of his life in the U. S. Navy,
from 1841 till his retirement from active service in
a map of modern Holland and Belgium, and has
1888. Many are the changes which he describes in the
a good index.
evolution of the “ New Navy." His narrative is very
Another book by the same author informal, going into many personal details, giving im-
The Pilgrims in
their three homes.
is “ The Pilgrims in their Three pressions as made upon his mind, and describing places
Homes," issued in very attractive and persons with great interest. We confess that we
form by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Aside
sometimes feel a lack of dignity in the book; and yet
from the chapters on Bradford and Brewster, which
perhaps this contributes in a way to the piquancy of the
narrative.
are interesting, and might be collected in entirety
from scattered pages of the “ Student's
The Sixteenth Annual Report of the Dante Society,
the book has little that is attractive save to the stu-
published by Messrs. Ginn & Co., has for its chief fea-
dent of genealogies. While there are many evidences
ture a discussion, by Mr. Paget Toynbee, of Professor
Rajna's critical text of the “ De Vulgari Eloquentia."
of the author's study and of his familiarity with the Mr. T. W. Koch carries on, for the two years 1895-97,
conditions which existed in the historic places he his list of additions to the Harvard Dante collection,
has undertaken to describe, the narration is so dis- which now numbers over two thousand volumes. New
connected,— as where he jumps from the discussion subjects for the Harvard Dante prize are announced,
of the constitution of the early English hundred in and an increase in the membership of the Society is re-
one paragraph, to an account, in the next, of the ported by the secretary, Mr. Arthur Richmond Marsh.
coal production in Nottinghamshire, - that the
There are nearly a hundred living members, a number
reader receives no clear picture of the life or sur-
which should be at least doubled during the coming year.
roundings of the Pilgrims in any one of their three
We might almost think that we know all that is nec-
homes. The impression received from the book is
essary of the Sepoy Rebellion; but those most familiar
that it was written to utilize numerous odd ends of
with that event will most keenly enjoy the record of
Daily Life during the Indian Mutiny," by Mr. J. W.
information gathered in preparation of other and
Sherer, who, in his civic relationship, was intimately
more scholarly works.
associated with the English leaders. Mr. Sherer does
Biographical
The fifth monthly volume in the new
not intend his work as an independent history, but as a
supplement to other larger works, giving in familiar
edition of “ biographical edition ” of Thack.
Thackeray.
form many facts that the more pretentious historians
eray (Harper) contains the “Sketch
would not include. (Macmillan.)
Book," Irish and Parisian, together with the “Jour-
"
That veteran and indefatigable bicyclist, Mrs. E. R.
ney from Cornhill to Cairo." Mrs. Ritchie's intro-
Pennell, tells in her bright way a pleasant story of a
duction is extremely interesting for its intimate
pleasant trip, in a brochure entitled “Over the Alps on
revelation of the novelist during the years of his a Bicycle" (Century Co.). The clever drawings by
early struggle for a fame just beginning to be Mr. Pennell add to the enjoyment of the reader, and
achieved. Here is a bit of rollicking pessimism the appendix on the route will be useful to the intending
from a “ you not
traveller
which you indulge, or any sort of happiness falling ploits celebrated in the daily papers, such a book as
to the share of you or anybody else.
Mr. James W. Alexander's “ Princeton, Old and New"
body meets with an accident, is arrested, ruined, has
(Scribner) seems to supply a little touch of final beauty
a wife run away with, if C. falls ill and is marked
which the university itself appears to lack in a degree.
The book is handsomely printed and bound, and the
with the smallpox, do be so kind as to write me off
contents, though brief, are filled with just such gentle
word immediately, and I will pay the post cheerfully. dignity as serves to tone down the crudity of under-
• . Despair, madam, is the word. Byronish, I hate graduate life. It is, in brief, a book for the Princeton
mankind, and wear my shirt-collar turned down.” man to live up to.
to give me any account whatever of ang gaieties in To one who knows Princeton merely through its ex-
But if any.


1898.]
231
THE DIAL
Wilson and Admiral Colomb, are not excelled in value
by anything printed anywhere. “The National” is de-
voted largely to political affairs of universal interest,-
Lord Salisbury, Hon. George Curzon, Hon. A. J. Bal-
four, among others, being contributors in this field;
while literature proper is represented by Mr. Leslie
Stephen, Mr. H. D. Traill, Sidney J. Low, and other
names as well known in this country as in England.
« The National " should have an American office and a
substantial American constituency.
"
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
October, 1898.
"
LITERARY NOTES.
“ Beauchamp's Career” and “ The Adventures of
Harry Richmond " have just been added to the new edi-
tion of Mr. George Meredith's novels. Messrs. Charles
Scribner's Sons are the publishers.
The awakening of interest in the Navy has occasioned
the bringing out of a new and cheap edition of Messrs.
Scribner's series on “ The Navy in the Civil War,” the
three volumes issued being by Professor Soley, Admiral
Ammen, and Captain Mahan.
“ The Plan of an Ethical Sunday School,” by Mr.
W.L. Sheldon, describing the work done by the Ethical
Society of St. Louis, is published in pamphlet form by
Mr. S. Burns Weston, of Philadelphia. It is a sugges-
tive little book, and offers a reasonable solution of an
increasingly difficult religious problem.
The series of “Stories by Foreign Authors," published
by the Messrs. Scribner, is now complete in ten volumes,
like the corresponding series of “Stories by English
Authors” and “Stories by American Authors." The
three series taken together, in thirty neat volumes, offer
a liberal-selection of the best modern fiction in minia-
ture. The average is about six stories to the volume.
“ The Story of Gladstone's Life," by Mr. Justin
McCarthy, is perhaps the best of the popular biographies
of the great politician who died a few months ago, and
in the new edition, just published by the Macmillan Co.,
the story is finished with chapters upon the last year
of
Gladstone's life. It now makes a handsome volume of
more than five hundred pages, abundantly illustrated,
and printed in large type upon heavily glazed paper.
“Kant und Helmholtz," by Dr. Ludwig Goldschmidt,
is the title of a study in popular science published by
Herr Leopold Voss, of Leipzig. After an introductory
chapter upon the general points of comparison between
the two great thinkers, and a brief analysis of the Kant-
ian doctrine, the treatise reaches the special subject of
“ Die Raumfrage,” with which the work is chiefly con-
cerned, and which carries on the discussion with special
reference to the non-Euclidean forms of geometry.
Dr. C. Alphonso Smith's “ An Old English Grammar
and Exercise Book” (Allyn & Bacon) has just been
reissued in a new and enlarged edition. At the same
time, we have from Messrs. A. S. Barnes & Co. an
“ Anglo-Saxon Prose Reader,” prepared by Professors
W. M. Baskervill and James A. Harrison. There are
only about forty pages of selections, but a number of
texts are included that have not generally been used in
elementary books of this sort, thus giving the reader a
certain degree of freshness.
A journal that should have an extended circulation
in this country is - The National Review” of London,
both for the large space which it gives to American
affairs, and for the tone and spirit — friendly but not
patronizing, frank but not fatuous
in which they are
treated. A nation, like an individual, likes to be under-
stood; and the editor of “ The National," and those of
his contributors who are permitted to write on Amer-
ican affairs, show in the main that they understand
Americans better often than they understand them-
selves. The comments of the editor, Mr. Maxse, in the
admirable department of “ Episodes of the Month," are
forceful and informing; there is also a well-written
regular department of “ American Affairs,” by Mr. A.
Maurice Low; while the special articles on military and
naval events, by such expert authorities as Mr. H. W.
America and the English Language. Wm. Archer. Pall Mall.
American Popularity. Aline Gorren. Scribner.
Anglo-American Friendship. The. Carl Schurz. Atlantic.
Anglo-American Question, The. Albert V. Dicey. Atlantic.
Bagehot, Walter. Woodrow Wilson. Atlantic.
Bismarck, Impressions of. William M. Sloane. Century.
Bismarck as a National Type. Kuno Francke. Atlantic.
Bores. George H. Darwin. Century.
British Army, Social Life in the. Harper.
Browning's Theory of Poetic Art. Mabel Helliwell. Self Cult.
Buds, Flowers, and People. Bradford Torrey. Atlantic.
Burmah. John Foster Fraser. Pall Mall.
Canaries, Plant Life in the. Alice Cook. Popular Science.
Capri, The Island of. Frank D. Millet. Century.
Carlyle, Unpublished Letters of. Atlantic.
Commune, Reminiscence of the. Simon Newcomb. Atlantic.
Confederacy, Blockade of the. Horatio L. Wait. Century.
Cuba, Old, Life and Society in. J. S. Jenkins. Century.
Detaille, Edouard. Armand Dayot. Century.
Die-Sinking, Artistic, of the Present Time. Scribner.
El Caney, Regulars at. Arthur H. Lee. Scribner.
England and Spanish-Am. War. C. J. Harcourt. Self Culture.
Foreign Policy, Our New. H. N. Fisber. Atlantic,
George Sand. Irving Babbitt. Atlantic.
Gladstone. George W. Smalley. Harper.
Guildhall, French Art at the. M. H. Spielmann. Mag. of Art.
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth. J.L. Wright. Self Culture.
Hitchcock, George, Painter. Arthur Fish. Magazine of Art.
Holland House. Caroline Roche. Pall Mall.
Honolulu, Life in. Mabel Loomis Todd. Self Culture.
Kropoikin, Prince, Autobiography of. Atlantic.
Law in Evolution of Colonies. James Collier. Pop. Science.
Masks, Greek and Barbarian, Charles de Kay. Mag. of Art.
Naval News in War Times. John R. Spears. Scribner.
Navy, Our, in Asiatic Waters. W. E. Griffis. Harper.
Oxford and Cambridge Race, The. E. R. Pennell. Century.
Payne, Roger, Bookbinder. S. T. Prideaux. Mag. of Art.
Philippines, Problems of the. D. C. Worcester. Century.
Philippines and their Prospects. D. 0. Kellogg. Self Culture.
Policy, Our Future. J. G. Carlisle. Harper.
Pony Express, The. W. F. Bailey. Century.
Powers, The Six Great. Mark Warren. Pall Mall.
Prints of the Year. Frederick Wedmore. Magazine of Art.
Roman Emperor and his Arch of Triumph. Century.
Roof of the World, On the. Sven Hedin. Harper.
Russia and the Slavs. William Z. Ripley. Popular Science.
San Juan, Battle of. R. H. Davis. Scribner.
Santiago Campaign, The. Caspar Whitney. Harper,
Santiago, Surrender of. J. F. J. Archibald. Scribner.
Shakespeare, Botching. Mark H. Liddell. Atlantic.
Sienkiewicz, Henryk. Ellen A. Vinton. Self Culture,
Socialism in Price Question. J. L. Laughlin. Self Culture.
South London in 18th Century. Walter Besant. Pall Mull.
Spanish-American War, Issues of. Henry Davies. Self Cult.
Stag Hunting 300 Years Ago. Pall Mall.
Storm at Sea, A. H. Phelps Whitmarsh. Century.
Trans-Mississippians and their Fair. Albert Shaw. Century.
Wages, High, Evolution of. Edward Atkinson. Pop. Science.
West Indies, Weather Freaks of. F. L. Ogwald. Pop. Science.
66


232
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
THE SEASON'S BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
9
In continuation of our Announcement List of Fall
Books, in the last issue of The Dial, we give the fol-
lowing List of forthcoming Books for the Young.
Pierrette, her Book, by H. de Vere Stacpoole, illus. by Charles
Robinson, $1.50.- Red Riding Hood's Picture Book, by
Walter Crane, $1.25. — Lilliput Lyrics, by W. B. Rands,
illus. by Charles Robinson, $1.25. - The Story of Thelaba,
by Barrington Macgregor, illus. by Patten Wilson, $1.50.-
The Sporting Adventures of Mr. Popple, by G. H. Jolland,
$2. The New Noah's Ark, by J. J. Bell, illus. in colors
by C. R., $1.25.-Sun, Moon, and Stars, written and illus.
by E. Richardson, $1.25.-One Hundred Fables of Æsop,
pictured by F, Billinghurst, $1.25. (John Lane.)
The Arabian Nights, edited by Andrew Lang, illus.,
$2.-
Yule Log, a story book for boys, edited by G. A, Henty,
illus., $2. - The “Golliwogg" at the Seaside, words by
Bertha Upton, pictures in color by Florence Upton, $2.
-Further Adventures of the Three Bold Babes, a story in
pictures, by S. Rosamund Praeger, $1.50.-Two Little Run-
aways, by Louis Desnoyers, trans. from the French by
James Buckland, illus. (Longnians, Green, & Co.)
Down Durley Lane, a collection of ballads, by Virginia Wood-
ward Cloud, illus. by R. B. Birch, $1.50.-Two Biddicutt
Boys, by J. T. Trowbridge, illus., $1.50.- Through the
Earth, by Clement Fezandié, illus., $1.50.- The Lakerim
Athletic Club, by Rupert Hughes, illus., $1.50.- The Book
of the Ocean, by Ernest Ingersoll, illus., $1.50. — Denise
and Ned Toodles, by Gabrielle E. Jackson, illus., $1.25.-
The Story of Marco Polo, by Noah Brooks, illus., $1.50.
(Century Co.)
From School to Battlefield, by Captain Charles King. illus.,
$1.50. — The Boy Mineral Collectors, by Jay G. Kelley,
M.E., with colored frontispiece, $1.50. - O'er Tartar Des-
erts, by David Ker, $1.25. - An Antarctic Mystery, by
Jules Verne, illus., $1.50.-An Independent Daughter, by
Amy E. Blanchard, illus., $1.25.- Four Hundred Animal
Stories, selected and edited by Robert Cochrane, illus., $1.
-"Ouida's " Stories for Children, now edition, 5 vols.,
each 60 cts. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Wild Animals I Have Known, written and illus. by Ernest
Seton Thompson.— The Story of a Yankee Boy, his adven-
tures afloat and ashore, by Herbert E. Hamblen, illus.,
$1.50.- New books by G. A. Henty : Under Wellington's
Command, a tale of the Peninsular War; At Aboukir and
Acre, a story of Napoleon's invasion of Egypt; Both Sides
the Border, a tale of Hopspur and Glendower; each illus.,
$1.50.--In Pirate Waters, a tale of the American navy, by
Kirk Munroe, illus., $1.25.—The Boys of Fairport, by Noah
Brooks, new edition, partly rewritten, illus., $1.25. — The
American Girl's Handy Book, or How to Amuse Yourself
and Others, by Lina and Adelia B. Beard, new and en-
larged edition, illus., $2. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
The Hero of Erie, by James Barnes.-With the Black Prince,
by William 0. Stoddard.- The Pilot of the Mayflower, by
Hezekiah Butterworth.-Success against Odds, by William
0. Stoddard.— Bible Stories in Bible Language, by Edward
Tuckerman Potter, new edition, with introduction by Rt.
Rev. Henry C. Potter. -" History for Young Readers,"
new vol.: History of Spain, by Frederick A. Ober.
"Home-Reading Series," new vols.: Historic Boston and
its Neighborhood, by Dr. E. E. Hale; Our Nation's Flag
and Oiher Flags, by Edward S. Holden; Playtime
and Seedtime, by Francis W. Parker and Nellie L. Helm;
The Earth and Sky, by Edward S. Holden; each illus.
(D. Appleton & Co.)
W. V.'s Golden Legend, by William Canton, illus., $1.50.-
The Invisible Playmate, and W. V., her Book, by William
Canton, new edition in 1 vol., revised and rearranged, $1.50.
-- Alice in Wonderland, a play, compiled from Lewis Car-
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THE DIAL
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