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By Ch. NELAN.
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1898.]
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A GENERAL HISTORY OF THE WORLD. By VICTOR DURUY, formerly Minister of Public
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1898.)
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THE DIAL
R. H. RUSSELL'S FALL LIST.
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cover
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LONDON TYPES.
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320
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JUST READY
A NEW BOOK BY SYDNEY GEORGE FISHER
The True Benjamin Franklin
TORE
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>
The Making of Pennsylvania The Evolution of the Constitution
An Analysis of the Elements of the Population
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new contribution to a better knowledge of the hardly fail to recognize that his methods are
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[Nov. 16,
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THE FAIR GOD.
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THE BIBLIOTAPH, and Other People.
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а
"
SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. SENT POSTPAID BY
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1898.]
325
THE DIAL
The Cambridge Edition
Edition MAUDE ADAMS EDITION OF
" THE LITTLE MINISTER.”
of Great Poets.
THI
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HIS EDITION of great poets has been received
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Price, $2.50.
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1898. Large folio, 12 x 18 inches, bound in Japan
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and varying in size and price.
be difficult to overstate the benefit conferred on all studious
NINE ARTISTIC CALENDARS FOR 1899.
readers of the best English poetry by the publication of these
Cambridge Editions of the masters, and Mr. Scudder and his
Full description of the above, together with other
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.


326
(Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
THE WORLD BEAUTIFUL
:
:
66
66
And Other Works by LILIAN WHITING.
THE WORLD BEAUTIFUL. First Series. 16mo, THE WORLD BEAUTIFUL. Third Series. (Re-
cloth, $1.00; white and gold, $1.25.
cently Published.) 16mo, cloth, $1.00; white and
Comprising: The World Beautiful, Friendship, Our Social gold, $1.25.
Salvation, Lotus-Eating, That Which is to come.
Comprising: The World Beautiful, The Rose of Dawn,
No one can read it without feeling himself the better and The Encircling Spirit-World, The Ring of Amethyst, Paradisa
richer and happier for having done so.”—The Independent. Gloria.
Lilian Whiting's readers do not need to be told how beau- “They have been found helpful and inspiring by many.
tiful and how helpful is her spirit as shown forth in the writ- Her insistence on the spiritual side of life, her endeavor to
ings that seem like a garment of her soul." – Frances E. present the facts of what she would call 'the temporary
Willard.
world' in such a way that they may be faced bravely and
THE WORLD BEAUTIFUL. Second Series.
sweetly by one who is longing for a purified existence, her
unfailing serenity, her confidence that it is possible to attain
16mo, cloth, $1.00; white and gold, $1.25.
a perpetual state of pure exhilaration and energy,' appeal espe-
Comprising: The World Beautiful, Our Best Society, To
cially to those who have tried to reconcile the high aim and
Clasp Eternal Beauty, Vibrations, The Unseen World.
the present necessity. Many of her essays give the philosophy
“The style is at once graceful and lively. Every touch is of Emerson and of Phillips Brooks in a form that will send
fresh. Stress is laid upon inward and spiritual affinities and it far among those who need it."- The Christian Register.
upon the life of the soul. The real world is beyond us; we
“The thoughtful reader who loves spiritual themes will
are groping for it in our comparatively dim environment. But
find the pages inspiring."— Chicago Inter-Ocean.
though dark, this world is not all dark; the streaks of bright-
ness in the clouds light us on to the real City of God.”—Zion's AFTER HER DEATH. The Story of a Summer.
Herald.
By LILIAN WAITING, author of “ The World Beau-
FROM DREAMLAND SENT. A Volume of tiful.” 16mo, cloth, $1.00; white and gold, $1.25.
Poems. By LILIAN WHITING. 16mo, cloth extra, Comprising : What Lacks the Summer?_From Inmost
$1.25.
Dreamland, Past the Morning Star, In Two Worlds, Distant
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a May morning."-Boston Herald.
World I Speak to Thee, The Deeper Meaning of the Hour.
"I think the two most unfailing qualities of Lilian Whit- “The ideas in the book will afford comfort to many, and
ing's verse are its purity and its music.''— Louise Chandler should bring positive aid in sorrow to such as will receive its
Moulton.
message."— Hartford Post.
Set of the above five volumes, 16mo, half crushed morocco, gilt top, $12.50.
)
DAILY STRENGTH FOR DAILY NEEDS
And Other Volumes of Selections by MARY W. TILESTON.
DAILY STRENGTH FOR DAILY NEEDS. THE BLESSED LIFE. Favorite Hymns. Selected
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for every day in the year. By MARY W. TILESTON.
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SUNSHINE IN THE SOUL. Edited by MARY
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“It is a book which may be made incalculably useful by THE WISDOM SERIES, Edited by MARY W.
the thoughtful reader.”- The Christian at Work.
TILESTON. Issued in handsome pocket volumes.
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18mo, cloth, 50 cents each.
Marcus Aurelius The Apocrypha
QUIET HOURS. A Collection of Poems. Selected
Imitation of Christ Epictetus
by Mary W. TILESTON, author of « Daily Strength
Fenelon
Apology and Crito of Plato
for Daily Needs.” First Series, 16mo, cloth, $1.00.
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Life and History of Dr. Son of Sirach; or, Eccle-
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John Tauler.
siasticus.
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SELECTIONS FROM ISAAC PENINGTON.
TENDER AND TRUE. Poems of Love. Selected
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by Mary W. TILESTON. 16mo, cloth, $1.25.
LITTLE, BROWN, & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS
254 Washington Street, Boston


1898.]
327
THE DIAL
LEE AND SHEPARD'S NEW BOOKS.
SONGS OF WAR AND PEACE.
By SAM WALTER Foss. Cloth, gilt top, boxed, $1.25.
There is an inspiration breathing through the lines of Mr. Foss' verse
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BETHIA WRAY'S NEW NAME - THE HEIR OF BRADLEY
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WHOM KATHIE MARRIED THE FORTUNES OF THE FARA-
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DOM — OUT OF THE WRECK STEPHEN DANE — SYDNIE
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-
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YOUNG PEOPLE'S HISTORY OF OUR COUNTRY.
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OUR COMPLETE CATALOGUE WILL BE SENT ON APPLICATION.
LEE AND SHEPARD, PUBLISHERS, BOSTON.


328
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
IMPORTANT NEW BOOKS
BROWNING'S COMPLETE WORKS. Camberwell edition. Edited and annotated by CHARLOTTE
PORTER and HELEN A. CLARKE. 12 pocket volumes, size 4x6 inches, with photogravure frontispieces.
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The best edition thus far published. The text is absolutely complete, and contains the fugitive poems neglected
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LUXEMBOURG ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY. This series includes some of the greatest master-
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etc. Send for list of titles.
A GENERAL HISTORY OF THE WORLD. By VICTOR DURUY, formerly Minister of Public
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A vast fund of illustrative anecdote and helpful advice will be found in this new volume. It appeals especially to
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TWENTY YEARS AFTER. By ALEXANDRE DUMAS. With 18 illustrations by FRANK T. MERRILL.
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MANUAL OF THE HISTORY OF FRENCH LITERATURE. By FERDINAND BRUNETIERE,
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"In all probability, no such treasury of information and suggestion in such a convenient and useful form has ever
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OFF TO KLONDYKE. By Dr. GORDON STABLES. Illustrated.
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Dr. Stables, the popular writer for boys, relates the experiences of some English boys who succeed in reaching the
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Send for Complete Catalogue and Illustrated Announcement.
NEW YORK
THOMAS Y. CROWELL & CO.
BOSTON


1898.]
329
THE DIAL
A. S. BARNES & Co.'s NEW BOOKS
NOW READY.
BIRD GODS. By Charles DeKay
=
a
With Decorations by George Wharton Edwards
One volume, 12mo. Pages, xxiv.+249 = 273. Price, $2.00.
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a
LAND
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“ Annie Eliot” Stories
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90
At Booksellers, or sent on receipt of price by the Publishers,
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330
(Nov. 16,
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THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage
THE DRAMA AS ART.
prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries
comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must Every now and then, the consciousness of that
be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the
section of the public which is provided with such
current number. REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by express or
postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and uncomfortable things as ideals becomes stirred
for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; to the pitch of indignation in contemplation of
and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished
the degradation to which some form of artistic
on application. All communications should be addressed to
THE DIAL, 315 Wabash Ave., Chicago.
endeavor is subjected by the hard conditions
that a commercial age ever seeks to impose, and
No. 298. NOVEMBER 16, 1898. Vol. XXV. usually succeeds in imposing, upon the produc-
tion of the art in question. At one time it is
literature, at another music, at still another
CONTENTS.
painting that comes up for discussion; just now,
thanks to the stimulus of a lecture by Mr. Israel
THE DRAMA AS ART.
333
Zangwill, it is dramatic art upon which the
FREEING A DIRECTION. Charles Leonard Moore 335 fierce light of criticism beats. That the art of
the playwright will be bettered by this light-
COMMUNICATIONS
337
As to “Had Better." Frank M. Bicknell.
or, to vary the metaphor, by the destructive dis-
The White Man and the Tropics. J. C. Halstead.
tillation of the accompanying heat — is more
Notes on an English Letter. Sir Walter Besant.
than doubtful; but it is well that some one
“Realism Comes to Stay.” Timon of Gotham.
should from time to time call public attention
sharply to the low estate into which the stage
NEO-IDEALISM IN THE DRAMA, Edward E.
has fallen, for if the ideal find no spokesman
Hale, Jr...
340
when hardest pressed, its condition is indeed
THE EXPANSION OF THE ENGLISH RACE. hopeless. Mr. Zangwill, who has just thrown
F. H. Hodder
342 himself bravely into the breach, deserves warm
WILLIAM MORRIS: HIS WORK AND HIS LIFE. gratitude for what he has been saying, and we
George M. R. Twose
343
trust will keep on saying, for the substance of
his contention is of demonstrable nature, and
WASHINGTON IN HIS DAILY LIFE. Edwin E.
the eternal years of God belong to the truths
Sparks
346
that are being given so pointed an expression.
RECENT STUDIES IN CURRENCY AND Like all speakers of the unvarnished truth,
FINANCE. M. B. Hammond
347 Mr. Zangwill finds that his message is anything
Russell's International Monetary Conferences. but acceptable in many quarters. To say noth-
Darwin's Bimetallism. — Brough's Open Mints and
Free Banking. - Norman's Universal Cambist.
ing of the wounded susceptibilities of dramatic
Belmont's Republican Responsibility for Present managers, and of the men who fabricate the kind
Currency Perils. — Noyes' Thirty Years of American
of play that the managers want, the journeymen
Finance. - Durand's The Finances of New York City.
who write “ dramatic criticism” for the news-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
350 paper press are quite comically outraged by his
The study of Heraldry in America. - A couple of outspoken remarks. Many of them have been
minor Scotch poets. – Post-Augustan Latin prose.
The French Revolution at its blackest. — Wagner,
saying much the same thing, in a more guarded
his music and his theatre.- A long-range critic of our way, all along; but they profess themselves out-
national life. --Studies of Town life in Old England.
raged by the antics of this bull in the china-shop
- Greek art in Greek drama.–Old Dutch home-life
in Manhattan. - Bismarck and German Unity.
of modern vaudeville, and cheap farce, and
tawdry melodrama. They would roar you as
BRIEFER MENTION .
353
gently as any sucking-dove, but they would not
ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE. Temple Scott 354 for the world speak the plain truth in plain
words; and as for the scintillating words and
LITERARY NOTES
354
keen thrusts that flash from Mr. Zangwill's
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
355 armory, they are wholly incapable of forging
.
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334
[Nov. 16,
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a
and wielding the needed weapons. Indeed, the we recall the noble uses to which the stage has
lot of these gentlemen who write about the been put in other times and lands, when we
nightly happenings of the stage is no pleasant reflect upon the possibilities, for instruction
one. They have to deaden whatever artistic con- and edification, of the play which is conceived
science they may possess, to invent euphemistic as something finer than a means of amusement,
phrases for the characterization of bad plays, we cannot but view with contempt the English
to pretend that the contemporary English stage play which we get from the theatrical syndicate
is interesting when they know in their heart and the “ bad shopkeepers” of Mr. Zangwill's
of hearts that it is not, and, above all, to simu- invective. And when we realize that the drama
late a virtuous and fiery indignation when some is still treated as a fine art in France and Ger-
dramatist of genius traverses the petty conven- many, in Spain and Italy, in Russia and Scan-
tions of an artificial seemliness and probes human dinavia, while in the English-speaking countries
life to its depths. The treatment accorded to Dr. alone it has fallen to a level which makes mean-
Ibsen during the past ten years by nearly all ingless any mention of art in its discussion, we
newspaper critics stands in everlasting and may well bow our heads with shame. This is
shamefulevidence of their shallow incompetence a general truth of which there is no effective
as a tribe.
denying, for the occasional manager of high
We are glad, then, that Mr. Zangwill has ideals and the occasional play of literary qual-
stirred the waters in which these criticasters ity serve only to emphasize the pass to which
disport themselves, and has called widespread the majority of plays and managers have come.
public attention to a few home truths concern- It is no more than the simple truth to say that
ing plays and playgoers. He has said nothing our audiences do not want ideas in their plays ;
new about the subject – there is nothing new they want costumes, and tricks of stage-car-
to say — but he has placed a pretty wit at the pentry, and farcical situations ; they are hugely
service of a few of the old ideas, and some of his delighted by a catchy song or an utterly irrel.
observations are pointed enough to pierce the evant dance; they will tolerate sentiment if not
utmost thickness of the Philistine hide. There too delicate, and even passion if its origin be
is penetrative energy in such phrases as the not too deep within the soul; but ideas they
following: “ The modern receipt for a success- will not have on any terms.
ful play is a paying compound of snivel, drivel, Is our popular artistic standard lower in
and devil.” “ The old actors are dead and matters pertaining to the stage than it is in
buried, but the plays are dead and printed. You matters that concern the other forms of art
can buy them at the price of eggs, twenty-five endeavor ? Mr. Zangwill thinks that it is ; but
cents a dozen, and they are mostly bad.” “The we are not so sure. It is popular taste in “ lit-
critic no more represents the simple and occa- erature that makes possible the existence of the
sional playgoer than a congressman represents class of newspapers that so disgrace American
the baby he kisses.” The taste of these sayings civilization. Surely the stage, at its basest,
is dubious, but an exhibition of bad taste is no can do no worse than that. If we seem to set
new thing to Mr. Zangwill's readers. Free up a higher standard for books than we do for
from this reproach are such acute sayings as plays, it must be remembered that the bad play
these : “Irving's respect for Tennyson is unique forces itself more obtrusively upon public atten-
in the history of the stage — and of Irving." tion than the bad book. People view the for-
" Ibsen's ink often runs in the veins of his char- mer in public, as it were, and it is discussed in
acters.” “The French stage has never lost its the public press; whereas the latter is read in
literary tradition. We have legitimatized its private, and the critic usually ignores it alto-
children, we have turned its intrigues into flir.gether. Beneath the lowest stratum of books
tations; but such virtue has its own reward.” that are thought deserving of mention by news-
The lecture from which these excerpts are made paper reviewers, there is a still lower stratum
is a sort of Gatling gun of epigrams, and its that makes up the chief reading of countless
deadly fire is sustained for more than an hour thousands of people, as far as they read books
with but brief pretermissions.
at all. But the theatres that provide the corre-
The essential contention of this censor of a sponding forms of cheap sentiment and vulgar-
degraded art is that our playmongers are apt ity are conspicuous in the public eye, and have
to forget that it is a form of art with which their place in the daily or weekly theatrical
they are concerned. When we think what the summaries. We doubt, then, very much if the
drama has been as a factor in civilization, when taste of the real public be any better in its read-
a


1898.]
335
THE DIAL
case.
a
ing than in its acting. When we consider music, practicality on our national character, have we gone
painting, and sculpture, much the same prin- the whole Baconian way. Recent events are like
ciples hold true. As in literature, so in the case
to confirm us in the reasonableness of our ideals and
of these arts, we can never learn what the masses
methods. A South American traveller reports
really like, because we cannot readily catch asking the Padre of a Jesuist Mission what it was
he taught the Indians whom he caught young and
them (as we can at a theatre) in the act of what
stands to them for æsthetic contemplation. But said, “ we teach them poetry and theology." Does
innoculated with Spanish civilization. “Why," he
from the popularity of certain forms of music, not the difference between the Latin races and ours
and of certain forms of the graphic arts, - speak in that statement? But let us not be too
forms in which imbecility and vulgarity seek to proud. Poetry and theology are no bad aids to
outrival each other — we may at least shrewdly happiness in this life and security in the next. The
surmise that the taste of the dear public is here, charm of life is something; the two immortalities
as with books and plays, in almost equally evil
of art and the soul are more. There have been
civilizations which have risen and spread and dom-
Yet when all is said, one important consider-
inated the world, and then vanished and left nothing
behind in the mind of man but a nightmare and a
ation remains. In literature, the finest forms
headache. Despite our material prosperity, I be-
of art are accessible to every body. This state-
lieve there would be a gain in the higher and intenser
ment is also measurably true of music, and
joys of living were some philosopher to look about
painting, and sculpture. One can to a con- him and free us a direction leading away from the
siderable extent come to understand the ideals long-travelled Baconian road. We have ceased to
of these arts by the study of photographs and live in the imagination. Literature is degraded to
scores. At all events, the large cities afford about the position of the lapdog of an idle woman.
actual examples of the highest achievements Restore us our faiths and our fancies, O philosopher,
of these arts. But even the large cities rarely,
and you may take away some of our comforts and
if ever, afford to the spectator examples of what
conveniences. Perhaps the witch's broomstick was
a better vehicle than the bicycle.
the art dramatic at its highest can do. They
But is it possible to establish a new direction? Are
may show us marvellous stage-effects, but they
do not show us sincerity of purpose and unity
we not in the iron grip of a movement which must go
on until every atom of imagination, every spark of
of artistic endeavor. In this respect, it is true
superiority, is extinguished? The theories of spon-
that in England and America the drama stands
taneous generation and development have disposed
upon a lower level than the other arts. We can of First Causes and Efficient Causes, and the rest.
all read the greatest literature at home; we can Man is only a part of the machine of the world, and
often hear the greatest music perfectly per- can no longer, as of old, front the huge beast and
formed; we can view some of the greatest works
sport with him and turn him about. We are no longer
of painting and sculpture in the originals and images of Our Maker, but a conglomeration of cells
all of them in trustworthy reproduction ; but
and unconscious cerebration. We have lost initiative.
we cannot witness such productions of the great expressly claimed for his philosophy that it did
We can no longer originate or control. Bacon
plays as are to be witnessed in the theatres of the
away with the necessity for superior talents — that
European Continent. Our productions may it tended to make all men equal. And genius itself
cost a great deal more, and be more dazzling is accepting this view to-day. Tolstoï in his “War
to most of the senses, but they do not make art and Peace” has a long polemic against the delusions
their foremost consideration, and they justify of superiority and direction. Great warriors and
the reproach that in our time has fallen upon the generals, he explains, have nothing to do with gain-
English-speaking stage.
ing battles : “the man behind the gun ” does it all.
An event like the French Revolution, he says, surges
up from below,- to label it with the names of Vol-
taire, Rousseau, and Diderot, is absurd. He does
FREEING A DIRECTION.
not go so far as to claim that without Christ
Christianity could have existed, or Mohammedism
This phrase is Bacon's definition of his own without Mohammed, or that the radiant area of
philosophy. The direction he so successfully freed peopled creation which we know as the Shake-
was, of course, towards the promised land of the spearean world could have come into being want-
practical and industrial arts, and away from the ing Shakespeare, — but the deductions are evident.
regions of myth and metaphysic. It has become Positively, it is a relief to turn from the worship of
more than a direction, — it has become a current, unguided force from the view of man as a product
irresistible and perhaps irreversible. Especially in of climates, foods, inherited nerve-suggestion, and
America, where the genius of Franklin has stamped what not, to Nietszche's conception of the Over


336
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
cases.
Man, who at least stands on his own legs and plays the moment man recovers the knowledge of himself
ducks and drakes with the universe.
as a being whose best prerogatives are to think and
Waiting the philosopher to arise who is capable feel, the doom of their equality is sealed.
of changing our course, I would offer a few sugges- If literature can get little aid from science or the
tions which are particularly for the interests of lit-
commonplace, it may be urged that history can sup-
erature. It is wrong to suppose that literature in ply all the materials it needs, and of the noblest and
its normal state deals with or imitates all of life with costliest kind. History is the school-girl's idea of
equal pleasure. There are vast regions of human serious literature. She would be shocked if told
experience and exertion upon which it looks coldly. that she must go to poems and plays for profundity.
The scientific activities of man — the accumulations But Aristotle said that history was less philosophical
of minute facts and the uses to which they are turned than poetry. Diderot said that history was a bad
are indifferent if not repugnant to it. Keats was novel. Arnold said that history presented foam-bells
perfectly right in drinking to the confusion of New-
of truth on a Mississippi of falsehood. History,
ton, who destroyed the rainbow. The vast daily in fact, lacks the metaphysic basis of great art. It
commonplaces of life have hardly more place in real relates men only to each other, seldom to their
literature. They are not beautiful enough, or signifi- families, and never to Nature or God. It is always
cant enough, or profound enough, for lasting record. the same kaleidoscope, with the same bits of colored
Yet it is precisely in these fields that the tendency glass, in the same hard brilliancy and unmeaning
of modern thought has driven literature to reap its complication.
complication. A great writer, a Shakespeare or
a
harvests.
a Scott, may humanize characters out of history, but
It is worth while to analyze a little the ordinary as a rule they are only half successes, inferior to
and the commonplace, to see why they fail to afford figures the same writers caught from common legend
materials for great art. A human being is a human or projected from their own souls. Wagner hesitated
being, and per se one ought to be as interesting as in choosing for the trial of his greatest powers
another. But they are not. Circumstances alter between the historical Barbarossa and the legend-
Père Goriot suffers perhaps as intensely as ary Siegfried, — and he finally rejected the first
King Lear, but he does not affect us as much or as because he felt that the history had not the truth or
permanently. In the first place, Balzac could not significance of the myth.
deal with him beautifully. To put into his mouth It is, indeed, in the direction of the myth that we
the magnificent language of King Lear would have must turn for the first hope of great literature. The
been inappropriate even had it been at Balzac's myth-making instinct is its life-blood. To allegorize
commandh - and cloth of gold is more valuable the facts of nature or humanity, to fasten upon and
than homespun. In the second place, to have given exalt certain elemental traits and types, is the primal
Père Goriot the far-reaching and elemental thought instinct. The conscience, the aspirations, the very
of King Lear would have been equally absurd. The essence of races, speak in their myths. Yet myths
conditions of his life could not allow or evoke it. Yet are always an individual product. People never
great thought is a necessary requisite of great art. assembled in convention to make one, as we do to
And, lastly, Père Goriot is simply an unfortunate old nominate a President. Some sensitive poet soul first
man, like any other; whereas King Lear is the sym- embodied in words an appearance of nature or
bol of old age itself, the old age not only of humanity a human experience. Another added to this, another
but of nature.
interpreted it, another satirized it, until it became
There is a tendency among recent writers to use a possession of the tribe and the world. In this view
scientific facts and appliances as materials for liter. the process is always going on. The great figures
ature. A certain hardness and hollowness in the of history, as they are accepted by mankind, are in
results is discouraging. It is curious how little we the main myths. The more trivial truths of biogra-
really care for such things. A lucifer match or phy are overridden by the sum of impression. Here
a telephone instrument is an article of comfort and in America we are unfortunate in not having a back-
convenience. We use the one or the other without ground deep enough for these ghosts and guides of life
emotion or gratitude. The slightest fact of experi- to gather in any number, - yet we have done what
ence which touches our souls the sight of a sunset, we could. I cannot recall any other instance of
the scent of a flower, the sound of a woman's voice a superior race accepting the legends of an inferior
is worth a thousand times more for delight and for and savage one, and making literature out of them.
literature than all the scientific facts and generali-Yet this is what Longfellow effected with Indian
zations in existence. The sciences are the helots mythology in Hiawatha, and Cooper with Indian
of civilization the hewers of wood and drawers legends in the Pathfinder romances. Hawthorne was
of water. We accept their services, but dismiss them driven to import into Puritan life old-world ideas,
from our company when we are bent on intellectual most assuredly foreign to such an environment,
or social enjoyment. They have always resented this the search for the elixir of youth, for instance, the
exclusion, and of late, by dint of decrying the nobler phantasies of ancestral curses, of a reincarnated faun,
and more delicate susceptibilities of human nature, and many others. Poe's poetry and romances belong
they have crushed their way into recognition. But to the region of abstraction, metaphysics, rather than
a
-


1898.]
337
THE DIAL
"
!
of myth. All these writers were conscious in their
COMMUNICATIONS.
efforts after what must have seemed to their contem-
poraries unreality. In the critical jargon of to-day,
AS TO "HAD BETTER."
they were not sincere.
Yet they achieved great
(To the Editor of TAE DIAL.)
successes the greatest our literature has known. The reading of Professor Edward A. Allen's commu-
There is no reason why their successors should not
nication in The Dial for November 1 might prompt the
follow in their footsteps. Imagination lies dormant
query, How far is grammatical construction to be sacri-
in the mind of man, and only needs a touch to
ficed to a popular idiom? It strikes one who reveres,
without feeling himself worthy to be classed among the
evoke it.
“purists,” that while there are combinations preferable
Myths are the metaphysics of the ignorant. But to “ would better” the idiomatic “ had better" is not
metaphysics themselves -- the imaginations and logi- among them. Let us make a few experiments with
cal deductions of abstract thought -are and always
are and always Professor Allen's first quoted sentence as a basis. By
must be the mental pabulum of the educated. There changing the auxiliary we have : 1. “You can better see
lies the theatre of the world's greatest poetry. It is
about it yourself.” 2. “You might better see about it
folly to say that the problems of thought have all been
yourself.” 3. “You had better see about it yourself."
threshed out that “fate, foreknowledge, free-will
Now suppose we remove the adverb “better” (
(which
threatens to befog the view of everybody but the “ pur-
absolute,” the finite and infinite, birth and decay,
ists”) to a place almost equally advantageous for it, near
good and evil — have all been so thoroughly debated
the end of the sentence, and note the result: 1. “You
that there is nothing more to say about them, or that can see about it better yourself.” 2. “You might see
Mr. Herbert Spencer's Pyrrhonistic dialectic has about it better yourself.” 3. “You had see about it bet-
put them forever out of court. They are no more ter yourself.” Which of these three is it that “defies
exhausted than the eternal
all logical analysis"? If the last one is anything but
“Amandus he"
“insipid English,” if it is not nearer an “idiotism” than
Amanda gbe"
an idiom, if nobody except a “purist " would dream of
which is the staple of fiction. Man must investigate
objecting to it, then may Heaven and the colleges send
us more "purists" before our language becomes entirely
the dark foundations of his estate. The main ten- corrupted!
FRANK M. BICKNELL.
dency of modern literature is akin to the impression- Malden, Mass., Nov. 5, 1898.
istic fallacy in painting, which strives to solve the
problems of light, and forgets that nearly all signifi- THE WHITE MAN AND THE TROPICS.
cance comes through shadow. To go into a gallery
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
of impressionistic pictures is like entering a spring
Your brief notice of Mr. Benjamin Kidd's remarkable
opening of a millinery establishment. Everything Nov. 1) accurately states that somewhat dogmatic writ-
little book on “ The Control of the Tropics” (THE DIAL,
is so gay, riant, and trivial. Put a Rembrandt or
er's main conclusion, but fails to point out a serious flaw
a Corot or a Millet among such pictures, and the
in his argument. I allude to the sweeping assumption
grave deep note makes the triviality still more appar- that the white races cannot permanently and successfully
ent. In the same way, bring the figures of an Elizabe- colonize the tropics. Mr. Kidd, soaring on the wings
than tragedy into a crowd of characters from modern of theory, picturesquely says: “In the tropics the white
novels, and the latter will seem like chattering man lives and works only as a diver lives and works under
monkeys in a cage.
water"! It is pretty evident that Mr. Kidd has never
Patriotism and Religion are matters of too mighty
been south of the Tropic of Cancer. To his imagination
import to be made the tails of a literary kite. They Mandeville) a tropical country apparently presents itself
(fed, one might suppose, by the reports of Sir John
are, indeed, too dominating and absorbing in their
as an Inferno, the native races of which are a sort of
nature to have any direct or immediate effect on
human salamanders born to an environment in which the
literature. They work for it, as they spiritualize white man is either bound to be promptly grilled to death,
- break up his selfishness and sordidness, and or else to gradually perisb, qua white man, through a pro-
give play to the exalted enthusiasms of the soul. cess of mental and physical enfeeblement. The fact is,
A wave of patriotism seems spreading over the world, Mr. Kidd is so bent on working out his imperialistic thesis
and perhaps the opening century will see a reawaken that he exaggerates, on the one hand, the climatic dan-
ing of the religious instinct.
gers and discomforts that beset the white settler in the
I have said enough to indicate the direction I
tropics, and underrates, on the other hand, the degree to
believe literature should take. Of course, art of any
which those dangers and discomforts can be counteracted
by modern hygienic science. Were tropical beat the real
kind can never give up its imitation of life, its repro-
enemy, the case of the colonist might be considered hope-
duction of reality. Myths and abstractions must be less. But the real enemy is the microbe. It has been
embodied in human form, must be translated into pretty conclusively shown, as is stated in “ The Brit-
terms of human experience, before they can interest ish Medical Journal,” that “disease, deterioration, and
humanity. The dark monotony of thought must be deaths in the tropics are due not so much to the influ-
infused with emotion, colored with imagery. But,
ence of climate as to pathogenic germs, which have their
for my part, I cannot conceive of anything more use.
limited and peculiar geographical areas, and differ greatly
less than a literature which reproduces life without
in the various tropical regions." The inference is plain.
a background of thought and imagination.
As a matter of fact, owing to scientific sanitation, the
death-rate of English troops in India, which used to be
CHARLES LEONARD MOORE. about 125 per thousand, is now as low as 12 per thou-
a
man


338
(Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
66
>
sand; while in Trinidad and Barbadoes the sickness and cept three or four circulating libraries; the cost of each
mortality among the soldiers are actually less than at to the library varied from 13s. 6d. to 15s. Naturally
home. There are already over ten millions of white men the library took as few as possible: of a very popular
and descendants of white men settled in the tropics; work, perhaps about 1200 to 1800 copies in all. The
and, in fine, as the distinguished authority quoted above great public, the Colonies, India, were kept from the
asserts (in direct contradiction to Mr. Kidd), “ It is book until a cheap edition was issued — i.e., for a twelve-
hardly reasonable to dispute any longer the possibility month. When it did come out, the demand for the
of tropical acclimatization.”
J. C. HALSTEAD, M. D.
book was generally declining and the sale of the cheap
St. Louis, Nov. 4, 1898.
edition was seldom more than a few thousands. At the
present moment, when a demand arises for a new book
NOTES ON AN ENGLISH LETTER.
it is met at once by the bookseller. A publisher showed
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
me the other day the returns of a six-shilling novel by
I have been reading in THE DIAL of September 16 a popular author. It was not a “boom,” but it was a
last, a letter from your London correspondent, and I am great many thousand copies. By the one-volume novel
constrained to write to your journal traversing certain
this man must have made double what he could have
statements and opinions which are there advanced. made by the three-volume. A great many novels are
I. As to copyright. The Committee of the House of published which bring in nothing; but they ought not to
Lords on Copyright was appointed in order to seem to have been published at all.
be doing something. The opinions and facts it has col- (5) Mr. Temple Scott finishes his letter with a fling
lected were known to everybody long ago. Nothing at the Authors' Society, the Publishers' Association,
that was given in evidence is new. So far, the Lords' and the Booksellers' Association,-- all three. He says:
Committee has done nothing to justify its appointment. • They none of them know what they want, or how to
Of course its report may turn out to be valuable. get it if they did.” This is the kind of language com-
II. As to a new Copyright Bill. (1) Nothing is known monly adopted about the first of these three societies.
of the intentions of the Government. A bill is now Of course it is rubbisb, and, what is worse, it is mis-
being drafted by one of the oldest Parliamentary hands,
chievous rubbish. All three associations know perfectly
but that does not mean that it will be brought forward. well what they want: each association wants to get as
The great difficulty in the way is the necessary assertion large a share as it can of literary property. The Au-
of Imperial copyright. If Canada, for instance, should thors, however, demand that the division of literary
insist upon a copyright Law of her own to protect her property shall be conducted on principles of equity.
small body of printers, the Bill will fall to the ground. These principles they have long since laid down, and
I doubt if the Government means to bring it in, because repeated over and over again. The Publishers have
they will not raise the point of Imperial authority if it lately shown what they want by issuing “Draft Agree-
can be avoided.
ments.” They are very curious and even startling doc-
(2) Your correspondent thinks that “ the magazine uments. They demand in their drafts as a right the
bas almost ousted from the attention of the reading power of seizing any pay they please, or the whole of
public all books other than those of the first import- the profits of a book, however great. They have not
ance.” This opinion seems to me absolutely at variance yet established that right. The Booksellers, who are
with the facts, which are these: The high-class maga- in the most wretched plight, owing to causes which it
zines, though two or three of them hold their own, do would take too long to explain, know only too well what
not increase greatly in circulation. The old shilling they want, viz : better terms from the publishers. Else
magazines seem to be decaying in circulation and in - bankruptcy and ruin. That is quite certain. Bank-
influence. More books are published than were ever ruptcy and ruin. I congratulate Mr. Temple Scott on
known before; public libraries are springing up all over his fine sense of humor. He promises himself a “hearty
the country, and are crowded with readers of books. laugh.” I suppose it will begin when the last bookseller,
What, however, has happened is this: Harmsworth and with his family, retires to the workhouse, and the last
Pearson and Newnes have discovered the new mass of author discovers that it is useless to go on writing when
readers created by the School Boards. They give these the publisher allows him nothing. In other words, your
people what they want — something light, amusing, and correspondent looks op while the authors are fighting
exciting; and their productions sell literally by the for the independence and the self-respect of literature,
million. But to infer from this that magazines are
what they have effected I will ask you to let me tell
taking readers from books is ridiculous. Those who you on another occasion,- and while the booksellers,
buy these magazines have never bought books.
with sinking hearts, are struggling for a bare living: he
(3) Your correspondent thinks that publishing of proposes to laugh at both. He writes for a literary
the future will be in the hands of a few large syndicates. Journal, and these are his views on the efforts of literary
It hardly looks like it, so far. Longmans absorbed men to raise literature out of dependence !
Rivington — and a Rivington started afresh the next
WALTER BESANT.
London, Oct. 21, 1898.
day. Bentley is absorbed by Macmillan, it is true. But
in the last few years new publishers have started up
"REALISM COMES TO STAY."
by the dozen. For instance: Arnold, Percival, Methuen,
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
Innes, Heinemann, Constable, Duckworth, Grant Rich- I have by chance come into possession of the follow-
ards. And they all seem to be doing well: they have all ing fragmentary MS., purporting to be an eighteenth
got respectable lists.
century production. While the formal character of the
(4) I am sorry to traverse every opinion of Mr. heroic verse in which the author's ideas are couched
Temple Scott. But the truth is that the abolition of might suggest the epoch in question, there are many
the three-volume novel has not produced "disastrous indications which lead me to think the MS. is of more
effects," as he asserts, but the very reverse. Under the recent origin, — as, for instance, the italicized propo-
old system, nobody bought the three-volume novel ex- sition “Realism comes to stay.” It is a curious coinci-
-


1898.]
339
THE DIAL
a
dence, indeed, that those are the very words assigned
to Mr. W. D. Howells in a newspaper interview appear-
ing this very year. But, as I am aware, “ History repeats
itself," and the coincidence you may find but casual.
Allow me to subscribe myself, TIMON OF GOTHAM.
a
a
THE BANISHMENT OF ROMANCE.
Methought in regions where the Florentine
Once passed with groping feet, there wandered mine
(With all humility I haste to say);
And, while I mourned the vanished light day,
A star-bright Being towards me bent her way,
Whose coming roused innumerous dim acclaim.
“I am Romance (if thou dost seek my name),
The earth it gladdened so. Who now would brook
To hear a dreamer tell his dream - ah, who?
To Poesy the poet saith, 'Adieu !
Get back to Castaly, or Helicon;
Thy reign is past, thou proud, thou lovely one!
There is a damsel, of a Doric race;
Coarse are her hands, her speech, and blowzed her face.
She hath constrained me to her heavy pace;
And her, perforce, I've taken in thy place.''
Here suddenly broke off her words, amid
Queries and sighs of those the darkness hid.
Epic? — Nay, Epic verse shall be no more.
There is no heart now beating at the core,
Nor life of faith, nor red blood in the vein,
To wake again that old heroic strain,
The Lyric? — Like a bird with crippled wing
She soars not, where it was her wont to sing.
Obscure her melancholy notes, - how changed
From the free songster that with Ariel ranged!
"As ill with prose it fareth as with verse;
The new Divinity hath laid a curse
Upon the stylus, that it shall not move
(Though freedom be its boast) beyond the groove
Her tyranny prescribes. It is her pleasure
To gay of Human Life, “I take your measure
By which, hereafter, ever stand confessed
Plain mediocre, - neither worst, nor best!'
So, therefore, do her subjects, each one, strive
How he may be the dullest scribe alive!
Great fiction once from wizard pens did flow;
They also spake of what themselves did know.
They knew what now from casual vision hides -
How the deep sea of being has its tides,
When, all at once, some man of men transcends
His fellows - ay, himself, - and thereby ends,
With some great, ne'er-to-be-forgotten act,
The dull tradition of diurnal fact.
The last of these my brave artificers
(Who on the earth leaves no inheritors) –
His birthsong and his cradle Scotia gave,
The far sea isles a requiem and a grave!
Now, in his stead, beneath the anarch rule
That has ordained the Realistic School,
Is one all-hailed the foremost Son of Truth,
Whose art exalts the ribald and uncouth.
Do ears emasculate, for simple force,
Mistake the simply ruffianly and coarse ?"
“Goddess, his fame still runs its fervid course,
As though they had some maddening brew been tippling.
All praise him - even tender maid and strippling!
Yet, sometimes, from his lip a song is blown,
That thrills the world with its full Orthian tone!”
“That song, naught else, shall bid his memory live
When Aftertimes the high award shall give."
“O Sovereign of my lasting fealty,"
I cried, “Shall Aftertimes, then, wiser be
Than are the wisest of the current day,
Who hold that Realism comes to stay?"
"Fear not. I shall again resume my sway,
And she new tribute in my hands shall lay;
For so, hath Science done, so all, who thought,
Usurping, they could bring my power to naught;
Since of the oldest dynasty am I,
Delight of life within my gift doth lie;
The heart of man, of woman, and of child,
Without me were to Fate unreconciled.
A space hath Human Fashion banished me;
But Human Fashion will soon wearied be!
I only wait the unfed heart's recall,
To take my place --- my place supreme in all.
Farewell till then."
So ebbed the Voice away;
Darkness and starlight melted into gray,
And I awakened to the garish day.
any soul
Your little world of letters banished thence !
And now it sets in sacred eminence
An upstart whom it hails as Realism, -
But thou, perchance, art sworn unto that schism !"
An hundred quivering lights, as from a prism,
Played on her starry brows and in her smile.
“Not yet, O Goddess, not yet I defile
The ancient faith, the only and the true,
With heresies the fathers never knew!"
Then spake the star-bright One: “She sits her throne,
All pomp, all servitors, dimissed, -alone.
Nor Tyrian dyes, nor ermine, her adorn,
Nor crown is set upon her locks close-shorn.
There is no tribute that could please her best,
And none is more exalt than are the rest;
The only peerage she creates by grace,
The royal Order of The Commonplace!
The incense that she most delights to breathe
It is the effluvium of crowds that seethe
In proletarian turmoil, cheek by jole!
She hath no scrutiny of
(As was our wont), but of the fleshly case ;
And there is neither glorious nor base,
In her esteeming. Yet is Truth her boast,
But Truth she seeks in regions nethermost.
And, were a pearly treasure cast to swine,
Think'st thou to find the pearls she would incline ?
Nay, rather would the herd in Circe's pen
Please her as swine than as enchanted men!”
Here paused the Presence, and the darkness trembled
With sighs of those her plaint had there assembled, -
Spirits august, who, while on earth they dwelt,
In hearts of men had made her empire felt.
Recall ye, how the souls by us inspired
Ever to nobler zeal and action fired
The race they loved, by setting up on high
Examples eminent that filled the eye,
Avd quickened emulation in all breasts,
That they, too, might be tried by sovran tests !
So, these my artists, on large canvas, threw
Heroic shapes, in living line and hue,
That all men might the Optimates view,
And fashion their own lives and deeds thereto.
What hath the Usurper brought them, of new truth?
She hath estranged them from the World's great Youth,
And taught them downward to direct their gaze,
To bound their life by breadth of sordid days.
Now, evermore, meseems I hear them say,
With magnitudes and altitudes away!'
The mountains tower above the plain for aye;
Yet not the mountains, nor the liquid light
Poured round those summits, now engage their sight:
But in some homely spot of spaded ground,
In ant-reared tumuli, their heights are found !
The day hath been (but far away it gleams)
When man did wake, and tell his wondrous dreams;
And all that listened were like forest pine
Long-gwaying to the Æolian wave divine !
The dream passed on, yet never quite forsook
7


340
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
The New Books.
sion used by Mr. Mansfield is said to be verse.
I have not read it, but my impression from
hearing it is that there is not much verse, either
NEO-IDEALISM IN THE DRAMA.* blank or rhymed, in it. But aside from this
Nothing reconciles me to the denseness with
matter (which is an important ope, as the play
which the world is apt to harden itself against in French is in rhymed verse), both transla-
the lambent life of my ideas more readily than tio
tions give something of an idea of the original,
the denseness with which I myself occasionally and neither, I should say, would do much more.
exclude the ideas of others. It is partly that
On the whole, I should say that the translation
language alone is not the ideal means of com-
of Miss Thomas and Miss Guillemard gives
munication. I am enough of a philologist of
more of an idea of the play as one remembers it
the school of Talleyrand and Maeterlinck to be
from the French.
assured that language is not the best means of
And this is a matter of appreciable impor-
getting one's ideas about. Anyway, I existed
tance just here,- for in some respects the writ-
calmly for a long time after the production of
ten play gives one something the acted play
Cyrano de Bergerac" without even having
can probably never give, just as the acted play
heard that there was such a play. M. Rostand's gives something that the written play cannot
earlier work had aroused a very gentle curiosity give. But had I the forced choice, to see the
,
in my mind; and as to Cyrano de Bergerac, Í play two or three times or to have the book, I
had never heard of him. When a friend lent should certainly choose the latter, although the
me a copy of the play, I looked at it mildly, play is remarkably put on the stage by Mr.
and let it lie around without reading it. Soon Mansfield, and the part extremely well acted by
there was so much in the newspapers on the
him. I bad rather have the book, for it con-
matter that I was annoyed, and avoided the tains things the stage can never give, - things
,
sight of the book. Another friend then lent
which I (who am rather an academic haunter
me another copy, and I let that lie around, too.
of libraries, and of cloistered citadels of the
Not even when four copies had come into the soul, than a man of that fluent, refreshing cur-
house was I stirred from my inertia, until a
rent of thought which they call the world) had
kindly fellow-critic, with a little more imagina- rather have than those things that the stage can
tion than I have, incited me to read some of give and the imagination never. At any rate,
them.
as an acted play I must leave “ Cyrano de Ber-
After all this, no one will suppose that I gerac" to the dramatic critics, as I have said.
mean to offer any critical opinions of my own
From the standpoint of literature, however,
on a subject already so publicly possessed. Fer-
there are some interesting things to be said,
guson
discovered many things already known, for in the history of the literature of the nine-
and Emerson approved, saying, “ The better teenth century Cyrano de Bergerac will be
for him.” It may be so; and yet it would not
a well-remembered figure,
- would be some-
have been the better for the world, had he pub- thing much more than that, except that people
lished his discoveries. No; there seems to be
do not read plays as they do novels. But even
a very general understanding among the critics
as it is, Cyrano de Bergerac is and will remain
as to the excellence of “Cyrano de Bergerac,"
one of the great characters which the French
and I need not add my voice. I may, however,
literature of our time offers to the world. As
remark that the two translations that I have we look back, any one of us, into the vista of our
seen compare very unfavorably with the best earlier days, and recognize the figures that arise
translations of plays known to me, Coleridge's from the readings of our youth, the first to strike
translations of Schiller for instance, or Fitz-
us when we think of our early acquaintance with
Gerald's of Calderon. This is unfortunate, but
French is the heroic figure of d'Artagnan. Or
probably unavoidable. Miss Hall's translation
is it perhaps Mauprat? Never mind, - the
is chiefly prose, and that of Miss Thomas and
elder Dumas and George Sand were the great
Miss Guillemard is partly in verse.
French writers of our earlier days, as they were
of an earlier part of the century. It must have
* CYRANO DE BERGERAC. Comédie Héroïque en Cinq
Actes, en vers. Par Edmond Rostand. Charpentier et Fas-
been later in life that we became acquainted with
quelle, Paris.
the Comédie Humaine and Marguerite Gautier,
The Same. Translated from the French by Gladys Thomas
with Madame Bovary and the Rougon-Macquart
and Mary F. Guillemard. New York: R. H. Russell.
The Same. Translated from the French by Gertrude Hall.
family. Whether or not it were so in our own
New York: Doubleday & McClure Co.
individual youth, it was practically so with the
The ver-


1898.]
341
THE DIAL
youth of our time. To readers nourished on that bubble, and we know that human nature
Byron and Scott, France gave the “Three is, and will long continue to be, human. We
Musketeers” and “Monte Cristo,” “Mau. must accept the strange mixture of the god and
prat” and “Consuelo.” Then came the turn the animal. We must recognize that the old-
of the tide, and a generation brought up on time dreams are dreams, beautiful, encour-
Dickens and Thackeray and George Eliot put aging, inspiring, to be remembered and to be
aside childish things and were thrilled by the thankful for, but not truths that we shall ever
tragedies of Balzac, Dumas fils, Flaubert, Zola. know. Realism has forced upon us the pre-
The Realistic movement was general, - but eminent thought of our time, that the triumph
those were the men who represented France, and of the spirit is despite the flesh; and now the
who created the typical characters that seize the new Romanticism profits by the lesson. Our
imagination and recollection of all.
English romancers did not quite dare. They
And now that the century is coming to an end, knew, as a general thing, that their heroes must
France presents another figure, — and that not not be the old-time impossibilities, but they have
realistic, but now romantic again, - presents compromised, as a rule, by having their heroes,
it to a world which is all ready to enjoy romance on the whole, chumps: they did not dare to go
once more. Just as a generation fed on Scott to the impossible extreme which so often makes
welcomed d'Artagnan, so a generation fed on the type. M. Rostand has dared to do so, and
Stevenson welcomes Cyrano de Bergerac. The he has succeeded. He has drawn a very noble
pendulum has swung back again.
character, a man essentially high-minded and
When, after the duel in the first act, a bril- good.
liant and heroic musketeer strides out of the It is, to me, a little curious to contrast three
crowd and shakes the victorious Cyrano by the ideal figures of the English, German, and
hand and vanishes, the incident is more sig. French dramas. I am thinking, beside Cyrano
nificant than the audience appreciates. “Who
“Who de Bergerac, of Heinrich the Bell-founder and
is that gentleman ?” says Cyrano to Cuigy. Marchbanks in “Candida.” Of these three
“ D'Artagnan, says he, and Cyrano turns poets, the only one whom we can really call a
round; but the older hero is gone, and Cyrano good man is the Frenchman. Heinrich's ideal-
holds the attention alone. The two are alike, ism is such that his poor wife is driven to drown
and are different. Both are heroes who fire the herself. Eugene loves the wife of his friend,
old-time savage element of the soul,— Gascons, and would take her away if she had not still
swordsmen, invincible, men of the dominating the idea that her husband needed her.
Such
word and the convincing stroke, hotblooded, things we pass over in great men, although we
honorable, heroic. But the difference: one is tall, should be annoyed at them in our personal
handsome, brilliant, magnificent, and the other friends. But Cyrano needs no apology. So
is almost grotesque. He is cruelly grotesque: far as the play tells us, he is a good man, kindly,
there is nothing to lighten it; it is nothing one unselfish, loyal. Of course, the German and
can pity, like a bump or a clubfoot; nothing the English plays do not shock us,
we have
that one can delude oneself into thinking fine, got bravely over all that. But here is a French
like a mountain belly and a rocky face, or play that you can go to with-oh, various peo-
a Rochester sort of hideousness. All these ple, say whom for yourself — and in such com-
things the world would forgive or forget. Here pany enjoy much more than you would even
is something ridiculous, something that would " Sodom's Ende" or " The Second Mrs. Tan-
make any one of us shiver and writhe if we saw queray." That seems to me a curious thing,
it by our own fireside. Here is something that Perhaps, then, the most noteworthy fact
touches us cynical, susceptible, bantering people, about “Cyrano de Bergerao” is not so much
touches. us in a very tender place.
that M. Rostand should have written it, as that
And yet one swallows it, and with it all France and the world should have accepted it. -
.
minor matters. Cyrano might by an enemy be
EDWARD E. HALE, JR.
called a bully and a braggart, — but that we
forget, as well as his nose; we feel only that he
Now that we bave had time to read, if not to digest,
is a noble figure. This is a rather curious Dr. Busch's Boswellian account of Bismarck, we are to
thing. It is the result of Realism, I take it. have the great statesman's own memoirs —“ Gedankan
In the old, old fairy tale, the Beast stopped
und Erinnerungen ” they are styled — or at least the
two volumes that the executors permitted to be pub-
being a beast when he was loved. The mon-
lished at the present time. They have been secured by
ster became Cupid. But Realism has pricked | Messrs. Harper & Brothers for the American market.
-


342
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
Fiske, and he fails at times to set out with suf-
THE EXPANSION OF THE ENGLISH RACE.*
ficient emphasis the salient points of his story;
The fact that the era of rivalry between
but as a whole the work is excellently done. A
Spain and England for the control of America, syllabus of documents and a bibliography of
which in a certain sense began with Columbus Cabot literature are given in an appendix. It
and Cabot, is just closing, gives renewed interest would have been a convenience had references
,
to the period of its beginning. It is a striking to the syllabus been included in the body of the
.
coincidence that the end of the period should
text.
have followed so closely the celebration of the
four-hundredth anniversary of the beginning.
Mr. Beazley's conclusions upon the principal
controverted points in the lives of the Cabots
Only five years ago, Spain joined the United
may be briefly stated. He thinks that the data
States in the celebration of the Columbian dis-
are insufficient for a precise determination of
covery. Who would then have anticipated that the landfall of the first voyage, and that we must
within so short a time the United States would
content ourselves with placing it somewhere
expel Spain from the Western Hemisphere?
It is somewhat anomalous that the people of Labrador, with Cape Race, Newfoundland, as
between Cape Breton and the south coast of
the United States devoted all their energies to likely a place as any for “ Prima Vista." He
the celebration of the Spanish discovery, and
rejects Harrisse's theory that the island of St.
left the celebration of the Cabot anniversary John is fictitious, but regards its identification
entirely to the English. North America might
as not at present possible. The evidence of the
have been English, had John Cabot never lived;
but the fact remains that it is English as the landfall at June 24, and Pasqualigo's story that
“Cabot map" is accepted as fixing the date of
result of what he accomplished. His voyage is
the first link in the chain of events that has ited as an exaggeration. The evidence of the
Cabot coasted three hundred leagues is discred-
given the hegemony of the Western world to
,
an English-speaking nation. His career ought, payment of Cabot's pension, discovered last
,
year in the archives of Westminster Abbey, is
therefore, to possess an especial interest for us
regarded as positive proof of his safe return
as a nation. Although the Cabot literature
from his second voyage. Sebastian Cabot is
has assumed considerable proportions, there
set down as Venetian born, a conclusion that
has heretofore been no biography of the two
seems reasonably certain, notwithstanding the
men, father and son, suited to the needs of
controversy that has grown out of the desire to
the general reader and at the same time em-
make him out an Englishman. Mr. Beazley
bodying the results of the latest historical re-
considers it probable, in the absence of positive
search. Such a book bas recently been written
evidence either way, that Sebastian accom-
by Mr. C. Raymond Beazley of Merton Col-
lege, Oxford, and published in the series of panied his father upon both voyages, but that
his share in them was unimportant. He con-
“ Builders of Greater Britain." A similar book
cludes that he was not in any real sense the
might with equal propriety be included among
author of the so-called “Cabot map," but that
the brief biographies devoted to the “ Makers
he furnished material for some of the inscrip-
of America."
tions and consented that the whole should pass
The distinguishing characteristic of Mr.
under his name. The resuscitation of the south-
Beazley's book is his making the original doc-
erly landfall, after a suppression of forty years,
uments relating to the Cabots the “ backbone"
was intended to please the English government,
of his narrative. This mode of treatment has
but was put out in such a way that it could
a decided advantage in that it shows the reader
easily be repudiated if the Spanish authorities
precisely what the evidence in support of par. objected. In his estimate of Sebastian Cabot's
ticular conclusions is, and how the history of
character, Mr. Beazley strikes a happy mean.
past times is reconstructed from obscure and
scattered materials. The method is especially achievements, and that he was intriguing and
He admits that he appropriated his father's
well adapted to a life of the Cabots by reason
deceitful, but contends that he could not have
of the small number and brevity of the docu-
won and retained the exalted opinion in which
ments that we have relating to them. Mr.
he was held by the foremost of his contempo-
Beazley does not write as entertainingly of
raries had he been the “unmitigated charlatan”
old maps and musty manuscripts as does Mr.
that Harrisse would have us believe.
* JOHN AND SEBASTIAN CABOT. The Discovery of North Sebastian Cabot's title to fame is quite dis-
America. By C. Raymond Beazley. New York: Longmans,
Green, & Co.
tinct from the voyages of his father with which


1898.]
343
THE DIAL
a
>
If we
his name is usually associated, and rests mainly
WILLIAM MORRIS: His WORK AND
upon the expedition of 1553 in search of a
HIS LIFE.*
Northeast passage. That he was the chief pro-
In a large measure, Mr. Vallance's book on
moter of this voyage is clear from the fact that
William Morris is a revelation, since it is, per-
the charter of the Muscovy Company made him
haps, the first time the entire product of Mor-
the chiefest setter forth of this journey." Mr. ris
”
ris's life has been arranged so as to be evident
as a whole. Hitherto, such of us as possessed
Beazley fully recognizes the importance of this
expedition. The voyages of John Cabot, he
,
any of the poetic virus have concerned our-
selves with his poetry, vaguely conscious that
says, had not really aroused the nation. It was
the enterprise of 1553 that awoke the English
he also “ made things.” Such as were crafts-
men have admired and studied his product in
people to their mission in exploration, trade,
and colonization ; it was the real beginning of
their especial line, unconscious for the most
English exploring activity, wider commercial
part that he also “ wrote things.” Biblioma-
niacs of course centred their interest at Kelms-
ambitions, and of national interest in schemes
of discovery ; it was the starting point of mirably impersonal one, which yet gives a grave
cott. Here, however, we have a record, an ad-
-
Greater Britain. In the initiation of this great impression of a marvellous many-sided person-
movement Sebastian Cabot played the leading ality; and as this impersonal record piles up
role, and he is entitled to the credit for having effort after effort, successful all, endeavor after
done so, notwithstanding the fact that the re-
endeavor in many varied and different lines,
sults achieved were not the ones intended.
achievement after achievement, the effect is
There is one phase of the voyage of 1553
which Mr. Beazley and the other biographers make it a fit monument for six men.
received of a product whose bulk and quality
of Sebastian Cabot overlook. That voyage was
the first application of the trading corporation whelming; but this again has to be empha-
regard but the mere output, the result is over-
to purposes of discovery. It was a new appli- sized by the fact that in many cases the actual
cation of an old force, analogous in the phys- method had to be invented or rediscovered.
ical world to the application of steam to navi; Taking the case of tapestry, Mr. Vallance tells
gation. The Muscovy Company, which resulted
us that:
from this voyage, was the prototype of the great
“ At the time when it occurred to him to start hand-
corporations by which England acquired em- weaving according to the ancient plan, it had become
pire in India, planted her colonies in America, extinct in this country [England). In default of any
preëmpted the region of Hudson's Bay, and in existing instance available where the actual weaving
our own day has exploited Central Africa. The
process might be observed, Morris had to pick up the
details of the craft as best he might from an old French
fact that the ships of the Muscovy Company official band book, published prior to the Revolution.
brought the first colonists to Jamestown is inter- He caused a handloom to be set up in his bedroom at
esting as showing how closely English schemes Kelmscott House, and, so as not to let this new under-
for discovery in diverse directions were con-
taking of his interfere with his ordinary occupations, he
used to rise betimes, and practice weaving in the early
nected. Spain and France devoted infinite
hours of the morning." (Page 113, et seq.)
pains to the up-building of colonial empires,
but their colonies were weakened by paternal-
Turning from this description to the beauti-
ful illustrations of some ultimate results at
ism, impoverished by corruption, and alienated
by despotism. England left everything to indi-
pages 118 and 120, we have a very vivid pre-
vidual enterprise, and individual enterprise
sentation of a notable achievement, albeit one
operated through the corporation. The result
which the world, especially the American world,
has been the expansion of little England into regards with suspicion. Similar action was, un-
two great English-speaking nations, whose com- fortunately, necessary in nearly every craft with
bined power extends to every corner of the
which Morris concerned himself, and in dye-
globe. Upon the threshold of this movement ing, weaving, stained glass, printing, stamping,
stood John and Sebastian Cabot. The one
as well as tapestry, he had first to lay new
furnished a basis for the claim which England
foundations for the art, or else to dig deeply in
made at a later date to North America; the
search of them through the rubbish with which
other aroused an interest in foreign trade and
our own and preceding generations had buried
discovery, which ripened into colonization, and
them. If anyone at any time wished to write
pointed the way by which success was achieved.
*William Morris: His Art, His WRITINGS, AND HIS
Public LiFE. A Record. By Aymer Vallance. Illustrated
F. H. HODDER.
in photogravure, etc. New York: The Macmillan Co.
а


344
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
an essay on inceptions or origins, this book men, ingenuously paraphrased the text as “Let
would be a veritable mine of examples; and the every man rejoice in Morris's works.” Hence
initial experiments, conducted in scullerys, the many imitations. These will of course pass
attics, and coach-houses, are, in view of their away, as did the bulk of the spurious Chippen-
developments, most inspiring incidents for dales and Sheratons; and when the air is clear
workers.
again we shall see Morris occupying his true
In realizing the astonishing sum of Morris's and very important position in the historical
work, it is not only the sheer industry which is sequence of art.
remarkable, but the industry animated by a high At present the air is not clear; but Mr.
ideal, a fine enthusiasm. Mere industry is often Vallance's book, with its strong current of sane
pitiful. The application and self - surrender and impersonal record, will do much to clear
necessary to establish and carry on most of the it, especially in connection with that prize con-
large industrial organizations is painful in view undrum, Was Morris a mediævalist, or was
of the fact that the only outcome of this good he not? This is a very difficult subject to
effort is an addition to the sum of existing discuss, because nobody ever troubles to define
,
hideousness. But industry which gives knowl accurately what is meant by the mediævalist
edge where before was only vague groping, Morris was supposed to be. Broadly inter-
which recalls to the social memory delights and preted, the accusation is that Morris reproduced
possibilities it was in danger of forgetting, which European mediæval designs, decoration, furni-
evolves principles out of confusion, — in that ture, glass, and printing, which were well
sort of industry lays the significance of Morris's enough for the times and manners from which
life. This sort of effort is always viewed askance they grew, but which are not indigenous to
by the public and damned with the popular our own conditions and are consequently un-
anathema of impracticability, because, first, the important exotics. I have even heard the
popular mind is very slow to comprehend any Kelmscott Press called a Society for the Sup-
other actuating motive than that of self-interest, pression of Knowledge, on account of the limited
and, secondly, it is slower to perceive that, editions of its publications. Morris, of course,
tested even by popular standards, human inter- never proposed to supply the whole world with
est as a motive is always the most practical. books; he only determined that what books he
The ordinary producer says, “Unless I make
,
did supply should be good in every particular.
my work bad I cannot sell it," and makes it as With regard to the other productions, it must
bad as possible in order to sell as much as be remembered that there are certain things
possible, cheerfully conscious that he can always which are persistent, certain principles which
furnish an alibi of bad intentions. Mr. Edward always obtain. This is true of principles of
.
Lloyd, in an interesting essay, has shown that design and construction no less than of such
it has been those men who had the
courage
to accepted principles as the equality of the angles
give the public that which it did not want, but at the base of an isosceles triangle, or the fal-
which it was good for it to have, who have made lacy of counting chickens before they are
the greatest sales : Mr. Ruskin, in the actual hatched, — principles which have been persist-
amount the public has paid to possess writings ent factors in geometry and conduct from very
with which it violently disagreed ; Morris, in early periods, the acceptance of which does not
the actual amount paid to possess his industrial lay one open to charges of anachronism, as in
products by a public who clamored for picto- the present case. .
One is fortunately able to
rial hearth-rugs; and Wagner, in the fabulous retort to this charge with a counter-accusation,
amounts paid by the public to hear music which a mode highly recommended by Schopen-
at first evoked only witticisms and hoots. This hauer in the "Art of Controversy." The anti-
standard of narrow self-interest is like that mediævalists have no historic sense. If they
numerical standard of certain primitive races, were able to project themselves back into early
the hand, - a standard which does not promote Victorian days they would find an age clut-
counting, but limits counting beyond a cer- tered up with very bad Greek imitations, very
tain number. Morris, following Ecclesiastes, bad Renaissance imitations, very bad Gothic
preached his art propaganda from the text, imitations, combined with our own proud con-
“Let every man rejoice in his own works, for tributions of horsehair upholstery and cast-
that is his portion," and that was his practise. iron fireplaces. These represented Art and
The industrial mind, limited by its standard Progress at the first Crystal Palace Exhibition
of self-interest, and unable to count so many where Morris & Co. made their first exhibits of
>


1898.]
345
THE DIAL
furniture and tapestry which were awarded apparent, and it is being further degraded by
prizes. In designing these articles, Morris had the manufacture, by the government, in the
first of all been obliged to burrow back, so to prisons and reformatories, of carpets and woven
speak, through the horsehair suits, cast-iron goods of an exceeding cheap and nasty descrip-
fireplaces, neo-Grec and Wyatt-Gothic abom- tion. There is no particular necessity for the
inations, to find the lost thread of the princi- government to manufacture carpets in the jails,
ples of industrial art and applied design. These and all it cares for is to make the shops self-
he found for various arts in various periods in supporting ; so the superintendents have to
various places, and carefully avoiding the sharp work down to the level of a mercantile taste
edges of cast-iron and stucco, he has drawn it which wants a cheap grade of goods. The con-
down and pieced on to it, and placed it care- tract for entirely furnishing the new vice-regal
fully in our hands, that the addition of our palace at Simla was given to a manufacturer in
spinning may carry it forward into the next the Tottenham Court Road, with the swift result
age. The astonishing point is, that as long as that the Guikwar of Baroda also refurnished
people merely copied old forms they were his palace throughout with European stuffs and
placidly accepted as art without question ; but furniture. If the disaster stopped here we
as soon as one man began to work with the old might still be complacent, and even slightly
spirit,- which is old and new, and ever will be, sorry for the Viceroy and the Guikwar envi-
though disregarded sometimes and forgotten, roned by Tottenham Court Road products in a
a protest is evoked. Laws and principles are land of beautiful woodwork and weavings; but
persistent factors, with slightly varying aspects we are much more intimately concerned. Baden-
for each generation. As Tennyson, with the
Powell has told us how, as a consequence of
mythical forms of Arthur and his Court, ex- these acts of the high, the skilful carpenters of
pressed the persistent principles of honor, India, with a taste for progress and modern
truth, and justice, as Wagner uses not Sieg- improvements, now abandon their old principles
fried but Siegfried's strength and Parsifal's of ornament and forms, and hasten to produce
purity, so Morris, whatever the form (and no copies of English furniture the designs for
one has called Tennyson mediæval, in spite of which they procure from the rough cuts and
his association with Malory) uses the everlast- perspectives of the manufacturer's catalogue.
ing principles of art. That is the difference The importation of analine dyes is also increas-
between him and his forerunners and imitators, ing rapidly, and a proportionate substitution
a difference of spirit; and it is not the par- of strong garish tints for the old soft-color
ticular forms he uses which are the essential, beauty of Indian fabrics is taking place.
but the fact that his decoration has two planes, This degradation of the carpet-making, wood-
that its line is strong and supple, that mass work, weaving and dyeing of India is an exact
and void are well balanced, and that all rela- parallel to what occurred to English arts and
tions are organic ones.
crafts during the Post-Renaissance period;
The whole point is trivial, and were it not and the question is, when they are unbearably
that in the minds of those people whom Walter degraded will India — say in the twenty-fifth
Bagehot calls social cement it militates against century — produce a Ruskin and a Morris to
the sweet, strong, healthy influence of Morris, gather together for human delight that which
it would be a neglectable quality. But having we are so wantonly destroying in the nineteenth
pursued it so far, it now becomes intensely century? The most hopeful part of the situa-
interesting. For it is plain that if a knowledge tion is that Morris perceived the tendency, and
of decorative origins were more widespread immediately started the manufacture of carpets.
Morris would have been branded as a Persian “ The East,” he said, “ is going to fail us ;
also. For he not only, as stated, went back to therefore we had better make our own carpets.'
highest development, but he also went to any gland; and certain French and American firms,
country where that occurred; and it is in cer- large customers of the Indian jails, have sup-
tain products of Persia that the best manifes-plied them with some of the best examples of
tation of certain principles of design may be the Indian mediæval work, and insist that their
found. India at present is an interesting con. orders be filled with copies of these. In a
undrum in this particular regard. There the
There the debased age we have to hold on to the best
debasing influence of the English occupation existing examples. This action of the exporters,
on the indigenous arts is becoming painfully however, unfortunately does not affect the dye-
the time when
a particular craft reached its This has raised the standard of design in En-


346
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
a
ing or woodwork. If anyone will look at this away his aristocratic feeling, to explain away
slow but relentless degradation and killing of those outbursts of Southern temper, to heat up
the native arts of India, and realize the enor- that cold reserve in which he commonly cloaked
mous effort which would be necessary to oppose himself, is to lose sight of the man in the demi-
it, even at this initial stage, he will have some god; but in contemplating him day by day in
idea of the work done by Ruskin and Morris in Mr. Baker's record one cannot lose sight of
a land where such deterioration had been in the very busy and thrifty planter, plain, prac-
process for a long period.
tical, yet never so much engaged in private
Mr. Vallance's book itself seems beautifully affairs as to neglect his duty as a citizen.
printed and bound. It is, of course, too heavy, There is a fascination in accompanying the
but it has an index, and the illustrations are great man in his daily occupations and amuse-
admirable.
GEORGE M. R. TWOSE.
ments, chasing the fox in Virginia for a half-
day and disgusted at ending with a “ cold
scent,” receiving guests of state in the national
capital on New Year's Day, attending the the-
atre, assisting at a lottery drawing, overseeing
WASHINGTON IN HIS DAILY LIFE.*
the carving of the city of Washington out of
A melancholy interest attaches to the publi- the primeval woods, complaining about a domes-
cation of “ Washington after the Revolution,"
tic crisis caused by the flight of the negro cook,
by the late William Spohn Baker, the Phila-growing “quite merry" over the champagne,
delphia antiquarian and connoisseur. It seemed sitting to the portrait painters like a sheep in the
peculiarly fitting that this indefatigable collec- shambles, and making the little meteorological
tor and investigator should have devoted him- entries in his journal until the hand of dis-
self to gathering biographies of the foremost ease and approaching death grasped the pen
American and to collecting facts concerning
after the entry of “ Mer 48 at Night,” on Fri-
him. The addition of a volume on “ Washing. day, December 13, 1799.
ton after the Revolution " completes the chain
The most amusing of the many glimpses
begun several years since in “ Early Sketches
afforded us come from the French tourists, vol.
of Washington” and in “ The Itinerary of untary and involuntary, who, having mistaken
General Washington from 1775 to 1783.”
the American political revolution for a French
It is sufficient for our interest in most men
social revolution, are rather stunned by the
to know the great deeds they accomplished, the surroundings of Washington as president and
benefits they left to posterity, and the best
as ex-president, and are at a loss to understand
points in their respective characters. But the
the superior social standing assumed by him
love and veneration felt for Washington by his
and allowed by his fellows. But they content
countrymen cause them to demand the most
themselves with dwelling on the more than mor-
minute details concerning him. It is not suf-
tal benignancy of his countenance and the more
ficient to know that he existed day by day, but
than human wisdom of his judgment.
we would know precisely what he was doing
Being strictly a compilation, the volume lacks
day by day. Hence the thought of Mr. Baker the impress of an author's individuality. None
in supplying a calendar in which the where-
will claim that it was a useless task, since the
abouts and occupation of Washington could be
volume will be a storehouse of accessible mate-
described from his journals and letters, as well
rial for the student and a source of delight to
as from records, newspapers, and the writings young people interested in contemplating the
of others.
character of the true Washington. It clothes
The public has had so much of the tradi-
with flesh and blood the classic statue erected
tional, the sentimental, and the frothy, concern-
by the panegyrists. Like its prototype, the
ing the great Virginian, ranging in time from dictionary, this book makes good reading at
Weems to Walter, that one hails this revival
any point where it may chance to be opened.
of the authentic and the trustworthy. Contem. The compiler has supplied footnotes explana-
poraries are apt to paint a man as he is. To tory of the names mentioned in the context, and
divest Washington, as his eulogists do, of the
at times has inserted necessary connecting
environment of the wealthy Virginian, to take
notes. It is difficult to imagine any improve-
ment on the execution of the plan.
* WASHINGTON AFTER THE REVOLUTION, 1784-1799. By
William Spohn Baker. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
EDWIN E. SPARKS.
a
1


1898.]
347
THE DIAL
or without, and such opposition as did arise came
RECENT STUDIES IN CURRENCY AND
FINANCE.*
“from commercial centres like New York City.”
The cause of the gold standard was championed by
Recent attempts to solve the currency problem the very men who later denounced the suspension
show a disposition to treat the subject in a calmer of the silver coinage as a secret crime. But the
and less confident manner than was customary a decrease in the production of gold and the efforts
few years ago
Each party to the controversy has of European countries to establish a gold standard
come to recognize the validity of at least some of began to cause a feeling of alarm lest the supply of
its opponents’ arguments, and to appreciate that a that metal should prove insufficient. At the same
treatment of the question which gives due consid- time, the increase in silver production, the sale of
eration to these contrary opinions is likely to lead silver by European countries, and the substitution
to more permanent, if less positive, results than were of council bills for silver in the trade between En-
obtained by the more dogmatic methods of earlier gland and India, caused a fall in the price of that
writers.
metal.
Mr. Russell, the author of “ International Money
An effort to restore silver to its old place in the
Conferences," is doubtless right in his opinion that coinage of the leading nations led to the Conference
“an understanding of the Silver Question cannot of 1878. This was the first international attempt
be bad from conditions that obtain in the United to establish a bimetallic standard. The suggestion
States alone.” He has set forth, in a clear and gen- of the conference came from Holland, although the
erally impartial manner, the international circum-
invitations were issued by the United States. Noth-
stances that have been influential in determining ing of a practical nature was accomplished at this
the trend of our monetary and financial history dur- meeting. Italy was the only European country to
ing the last thirty years.
Four international con-
give strong support to the propositions presented by
ferences have been held during that time, and it the American delegates. Other countries seemed
would seem that the chances of securing an inter- anxious lest the further adoption of the gold stand-
national agreement have been in about an inverse ard should lessen the supplies of that metal for their
ratio to the number of times the effort to secure own use; but they were not willing themselves to
such an agreement has been made. The Conference abandon that standard.
of 1867 came near to reaching an agreement for an The next conference, that of 1881, accomplished
international coinage system based on a gold stand- even less than its predecessor. Great Britain and
ard and on the French system of coinage, in spite Germany were willing to make what they regarded
of the fact that the Latin Monetary Union, then as concessions to silver, provided the United States
only two years old, had adopted the bimetallic stand- and the Latin Union would reopen their mints to
ard. The delegates to the Conference, for the most the free coinage of the white metal. But the French
part, seemed enthusiastic over the idea ; and had it and American delegates considered the concessions
not been for the Franco-Prussian war, and the down- unimportant, and decided that “nothing could result
fall of Louis Napoleon, who had been the chief till the stress of circumstances had become more
promoter of the universal coinage scheme, the advo-
severe in Great Britain and Germany.” The Con-
cates of international monetary unity might have ference adjourned temporarily, to allow the French
seen their hopes realized.
and American governments to formulate a practical
For nearly a decade the trend of monetary history programme, but it never reassembled.
was in the direction of the gold standard. Germany Eleven years passed before the third attempt was
abandoned bimetallism; so did the Scandinavian made to secure an international bimetallic agree-
states, and Holland prepared to do so. In the
ment. During this interval, however, the friends of
United States, the gold standard, which the Amer- silver were not idle. Disregarding the advice of
ican delegate to the Paris Conference of 1867 had the delegates to the Conference of 1881, the Amer-
called “an American idea yielded reluctantly by ican supporters of silver began an agitation in favor
France and other countries," was introduced in of free coinage by the United States alone. The
1873, with but little opposition from within Congress
passage of a free-coinage measure was prevented
* INTERNATIONAL MONETARY CONFERENCES. By Henry
only by the enactment of the bullion-purchase act of
B. Russell, New York: Harper & Brothers.
1890. From the standpoint of international bimet-
BIMETALLISM. By Major Leonard Darwin. New York: alism, this silver agitation and legislation was highly
D. Appleton & Co.
detrimental. It prevented the very “stress of cir-
OPEN MINTS AND FREE BANKING. By William Brough. cumstances,” upon which the French and American
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons,
international bimetallists had depended, from being
NORMAN'S UNIVERSAL CAMBIST. By John Henry Norman. severely felt in either Germany or Great Britain,
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
and continued Europe in the state of expectancy
REPUBLICAN RESPONSIBILITY FOR PRESENT CURRENCY
PERILS. By Perry Belmont. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.
of still further silver legislation in America. Under
THIRTY YEARS OF AMERICAN FINANCE. By Alexander
these circumstances, the Conference of 1892 accom-
Dana Noyes. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
plished nothing. It continued in session only a
THE FINANCES OF NEW YORK CITY. By Edward Dana
month, considered a number of plans for increasing
Durand. New York: The Macmillan Co.
the use of silver as money, debated once more the
9


348
(Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
)
a
-
-
question of bimetallism, but did not even take a vote one which keeps the output of a certain quantity
on any of the plans discussed.
of labor at a constant price. The perfect standard,
Mr. Russell's conclusion, which certainly seems our author says, lies between these two limits, but
justified by the history he has given us, is that the approaches nearer the commodity standard than the
cause of international bimetallism will prosper only labor standard ; and market-ratio bimetallism, he
when “the United States stop begging and pleading thinks, would furnish this perfect standard. He does
and voting for free silver, and go to work earnestly not seem hopeful of securing the necessary interna-
to secure and to keep gold,”- a programme of action tional agreements for the adoption of market-ratio
which monometallists will heartily endorse, although bimetallism, but says that “this is no argument
for quite different reasons than the desire to promote against trying to obtain them.”
international bimetallism.
To frame a plan of monetary reform which shall
Some of the difficulties to be overcome before the embody, “first, the essential principles of the advo-
coöperation of England can be secured in the estab- cates of the gold standard ; second, of the advocates
lishment of a bimetallic standard are exposed by of free silver coinage, and third, of that large body
Major Leonard Darwin in his book on“ Bimetallism.” of American citizens who regard government paper
Major Darwin may not voice the sentiments of the money as superior to bank-notes,” is a task which
majority of English bimetallists, — he would prob- to ordinary mortals seems beyond human power to
ably not profess to do so, — but a perusal of his book accomplish. But Mr. William Brough, the author
will show the reader that the unwillingness of Great of “Open Mints and Free Banking," does not regard
Britain to enter into an international bimetallic union the task as especially difficult of accomplishment.
with the United States and the countries composing On the contrary, he presents us, in 170 small pages,
the Latin Union is not entirely due to British obsti- with a plan which, in his opinion, will not only settle
nancy or to the opposition of the creditor classes. the differences between the above mentioned parties,
The reasons for supporting bimetallism in England but will prevent a recurrence of “currency panics”
are, in part, quite different from the arguments put in the future. He believes that the currency diffi-
forward in its support in the United States, or even culties in the past and present have been due mainly
on the Continent. In this country the demand for to the attempts of governments to maintain gold and
bimetallism — in so far as it is not made by silver silver as equivalent legal tenders at a given ratio,
mine-owners comes mainly from those who are and to determine in advance what supply of money
seeking a higher price for their commodities, especi- is necessary for local industrial and trading com-
ally agricultural produce. They believe that it would munities. He is of the opinion that to these com-
inaugurate an era of rising prices, to take the place munities should be left the task of supplying money
of the period of falling prices which has continued as their needs arise, and that each community should
for a quarter-century. But in England there is little be left to adopt as its measure of value the metal
demand for a rise in the price of commodities. which best serves its particular needs. He urges,
The agricultural classes have little influence as com- therefore, that all laws which go to make silver and
pared to the commercial and laboring classes. Neither gold dollars an equivalent tender should be repealed.
of these latter classes desires high prices of commodi- He would then open the mints to free coinage of both
ties. The arguments in behalf of bimetallism which metals without any definite ratio, and would allow
appeal most strongly to the English trading and all banks to issue notes subject to redemption on
industrial classes are (1) that it would establish demand in the metallio money which they represent.
a steady rate of exchange with silver-using coun- The Secretary of the Treasury should not be obliged
tries, such as India and China, and (2) that it would to pay out and to keep in circulation any specified
increase English trade with those countries by check- kind of money. As a forerunner to these changes,
ing the competition of the native producers. They our author would have the nation pledge itself to
do not desire, therefore, to enter into an agreement the payment in gold of its present outstanding obli-
to coin silver at the ratio of 16 to 1, or at the French gations. He displays considerable acumen in dis-
ratio of 154 to 1. Major Darwin argues in favor cussing monetary principles, but does not make it
of the market ratio at the time of the international very clear how these principles support the changes
agreement, let that ratio be what it may, - 20 to 1
proposed by him.
or 40 to 1. This would, he thinks, tend to keep “Norman's Universal Cambist” is a practical
prices from falling as much as they have fallen under treatise on exchange, whose main object, as stated
the gold standard, and yet would prevent them from by its author, is " to set forth in the plainest man-
rising, and thus the imputation of dishonesty due to ner possible, with examples — (1) the most simple
the introduction of the double standard would be and direct modes of arriving at the world's fixed
avoided. If the object of bimetallists, he says, is to and absolute par of exchange; (2) the mode of
force up prices, “I, for one, am prepared to meet determining the equivalent commercial exchanges
them as an open foe.” Silver, he thinks, used as limited by the cost of the transmission of metal;
a single standard corresponds closely to the "com- (3) coinage charges ; and (4) interest for the use
modity standard,” i. e., one which keeps the price of money when such a charge is included in the rate
of commodities at a level. Gold, used alone, corre- of exchange.” Besides the valuable tables which
sponds more nearly to the “labor standard,” i. e., the book contains, it gives in the form of sixteen
-


1898.]
349
THE DIAL
6
short articles what the author considers to be the In passing to Professor Durand's book, “ The
true “science of money."
Finances of New York City,” we leave entirely the
“Republican Responsibility for Present Currency field of currency, and have to do with questions of
Perils” is a republication of a series of articles public finance alone. The field of local finance
written by Mr. Perry Belmont for the “ Brooklyn in the United States is one filled with difficulties
Citizen” last December. The author finds the and one which has hitherto remained almost entirel
Republican party responsible for the unconstitu- unworked. Professor Durand is the first writer to
tional greenbacks,” for the suppression of the note- present us with anything like a comprehensive treat-
issues of State banks; for the establishment of the ment of the finances of even one municipality. In
system of national banks, “ more powerful if they spite of the small geographical area with which the
could be united in the hands of one political party book deals, the extent of the financial field is by no
than the bank' destroyed by Jackson”; for the means insignificant. Only four States of the Union
abandonment of bimetallism, and for the subsequent have a population as large as that of the Greater
uncertainty in regard to the currency standard. As New York; the public expenditures of the consoli-
a political pamphlet, the work may possess some dated city are nearly two-thirds as large as those of
value. As a serious scientific study in our financial all the States in the Union, while the city's gross
history, it is of little importance. The two Demo- debt exceeds that of all the States combined. The
cratic administrations since the Civil War have, it financial history of New York resembles that of
is true, been seriously handicapped by previous most of our American municipalities in teaching
Republican evasions in currency matters, but the chiefly what not to do. The government of our
record of the votes in Congress shows that neither cities is generally recognized as the most conspicuous
party can be freed from responsibility.
failure in our public administration, and it is scarcely
For a proper understanding of our recent cur- too much to say that our next greatest failure has
rency difficulties, no work has been so much needed been in the management of our finances. Hence,
as a clear and compact history of the financial opera- when we find these two failures combined, the record
tions of the United States Government since the is not a pleasing one to patriotic Americans. New
close of the Civil War. This we now have, in Mr. York's experience with the Tweed Ring is remark-
A. D. Noyes's “ Thirty Years of American Finance." able, not because of its exceptional character, but
As its title indicates, the work concerns itself not so because of its magnitude, for practically the same
much with the currency problem as with the broader record of the stealing of public funds can be found
aspects of public finance; but the reader is made to in the history of franchise-granting and the con-
appreciate, as perhaps he never has done before, struction of public buildings in all our large cities.
how much the late confusion and distress, and even The results of this disgraceful chapter in New
the present uncertainty, in regard to our currency York's financial history may still be seen, not only
are due to the unwise financial management of the in the enormous debt, amounting to about sixty
Civil War and the subsequent delay in the refund- dollars per capita, but in the character of the char-
ing operations and in the contraction of our paper ter government with its many anomalies that has
currency. The author shows no hesitation in his prevailed since that time. About one-third of Pro-
criticism of either men or measures, and his own fessor Durand's book is given up to a history of the
opinions are never in doubt; but on the whole, the city's finances to the end of Tweed rule; the re-
book is less extreme in its attitude than might have mainder is devoted to a description and criticism of
been expected from an editorial writer on the New the financial system since that time. While the
York “Evening Post.” Opinions must differ widely adoption of the Greater New York charter undoubt-
concerning many public acts and the policies of edly furnishes a fitting closing point for a treatment
many public men, and there are doubtless
many
who of the city's finances, it is in some ways to be re-
will find the author's treatment of Secretaries Sher-gretted that the author did not continue his historical
man and Windom unusually severe. But there is narrative down to this point, and confine his descrip-
no evidence of a desire to treat these men, or others,
а
tion of the present system to the workings under
unfairly. The criticism is a natural result of the the new charter. In this way he would have avoided
author's attitude toward the financial problems many administrative details which possess little
which these men were called upon to solve. Finan- interest because not a part of the present system.
cial measures and financial events are not treated by The new charter itself receives from the author
themselves, but their relation to the political history some sharp criticisms. The budget system, the
and economic development of the country is kept management of the sinking funds, and the power to
steadily in mind. Reliance is not placed upon sec- authorize debt issues, are faulty under the present
ondary authorities; the record is entirely from charter, as they were under the old one. Reform
original sources, and the author speaks with the in these as in other matters will come only with the
authority of a man long accustomed to dealing with growth of the civic spirit among the people, and with
the material which furnishes him with his evidence. a better understanding of the need of the city and its
The book is written in a clear and even style, and, methods of administration. To the accomplishment
in spite of the exact information which it contains, of these ends Professor Durand's book should prove
the record is never lacking in interest.
an important means.
M. B. HAMMOND.
a


350
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
cans
in America.
a
of minor
describing the glory above the shield by way of crest,
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
though consultation of the act of Congress would have
The study of
“A Primer of Heraldry for Ameri-
put him right. Finally, the work should have set forth
Heraldry
the various badges adopted by the "hereditary”
(The Century Co.) is a title
not unlike that of the famous chapter societies, if only to show how much like a profusely
on snakes in the history of Ireland. At least it would
decorated foreigner an American of happy ancestry
be, were it not for the highly reassuring message its
can look.
We commend to the ambitious in such
author, Dr. Edward S. Holden, brings to the socially
matters Warburton's wise dictum : * High birth is
aspiring in the statement that it is entirely legal and
a thing which I never knew anyone to disparage
permissible for any person to assume coat armor,
except those who had it not; and I never knew
provided only he does not take to himself the armo-
anyone to make a boast of it who had anything else
rial bearings of someone else. Benjamin Franklin
to be proud of."
sought and obtained an achievement of arms, we are
A couple
One could hardly find a more incon-
told; and it is said to be altogether likely that the
gruous couple than James Thomson
Scotch poets.
stripes in the national ensign were obtained from
and Robert Fergusson, whose lives
Washington's well-known blazoning. Recalling the have been lately added to the “Famous Scots
difficulty some of Franklin's kinsfolk had, a few years Series” (imported by Scribners). They may, per-
ago, in obtaining admission into one of the so-called haps, be rightly called a couple, for they were both
patriotic societies, the rather pitiful pretension of his poets, both Scotch, both of the eighteenth century,
shield does not seem to have made a pronounced although not contemporary, for they followed, as it
impression upon his countrymen, who based their happened, one upon the other, Thomson living
objection entirely, if memory serves aright, upon his through the first half of the century, and Fergusson
plebeian birth and democratic bearing. So far as the third quarter only. Probably very few people
Washington's “argent, two bars gules, in chief two read either now. Thomson is a minor classic, and
mullets of the last " having provided the field for so pretty certainly unread by the majority; Fer-
the “grand union ” flag under which the thirteen gusson can hardly be said ever to have been very
colonies typified themselves by thirteen stripes alter- generally known outside of Scotland. But the two
nately red and white, Washington has never been men offer two interesting types : one, the hard-
shown to have had the slightest connection with it, working, easy-going poet, in time successful ; the
nor is it needful to seek further than the well-known other, the unappreciated and often extravagant
banner of the free city of Lubeck for its pattern. | genius, living by the hardest efforts and often dying
Dr. Holden illustrates, moreover, the fatality which in misery. Those are typical artists' lives,— with
seems to befall heralds when they attempt to blazon the trifling exception that with these two there is
the bearings in the great seal of state of the nation. enough known of them a hundred and fifty years
He points out specifically that the shield in it has after they are dead to warrant their lives being
seven white and six red stripes — for no earthly written. The books are different in merit. Dr.
reason that has ever been discovered - and that the A. B. Grosart, who writes that on Fergusson, is well-
blue “chief” is starless, those luminaries having known for many engaging qualities which are here
been reserved for the crest. These are facts which more apparent than are his equally well-known
the American appears to spurn, for all the battle- drawbacks as an editor. He has, too, a more en-
ships bear the national shield with more red stripes couraging subject than has Mr. Bayne, who perhaps
than white on their prows, and everybody inserts does all that is possible to make Thomson an inter-
stars to suit his fancy upon it. Glorious examples esting figure. Thomson was not an interesting man:
of ignorance in these particulars may also be seen in he seems to have passed calmly through the life of
the coats-of-arms of the City of Chicago and of the a student at Edinburgh, and then, on emigrating to
State of Illinois, both assuming designs in open viola- | London, to have gradually gone through the life of
tion of the laws each has passed, as well as of the laws a poet of the time, publishing poems and producing
of heraldry. It is easy to find excuses for an alder- plays, supported by tutorship, patron, sinecure, and
man or state legislator in respect of such matters ; pension, with no greater incident than imprisonment
but what is to be said of Mr. Holden’s blazoning the for debt when ordinary sources of income failed.
American shield as "argent, six pallets gules, a chief His poetry is not wholly uninteresting - historic-
azure,” — wbich would make the red stripes in it ally it is very interesting; but his life has but little
wider than the white, when the statute in such case in it to take up one's time nowadays. Fergusson,
made and provided reads simply," Paleways of thir- on the other hand, is still an interesting figure.
teen Pieces Argent and Gules ; a Chief Azure”? Born almost in poverty, delicate in health, put to
When Captain Totten published his work on the drudgery for a living, succumbing finally to mad-
Great Seal, he succeeded in reading “paleways" ness, and with all this a poet, he is a figure that
as a plural noun, and discoursed learnedly about arouses sympathy. An edition of Fergusson was
a “paleway.” The word is, of course, an adverb, one of Dr. Grosart's very early works; he has,
the equivalent of “paly,” meaning a perpendicular therefore, peculiar opportunities which he makes
dividing of the shield. Mr. Holden also errs in good use of. He has made a very interesting book ;


1898.]
351
THE DIAL
The French
Revolution
at its blackest.
and though there may not be many (out of Scot-
The J. B. Lippincott Co. publish in
land) who will now care for Fergusson's poetry,
two sizable volumes entitled “The
there will be few who will read unmoved the story
Reign of Terror a miscellaneous
of Fergusson's life. All this is as it should be: collection of narratives of various eye-witnesses of
Fergusson needed a biography; most of us will be the scenes that disgraced French humanity during
content with Thomson's poems.
the period of the ascendency in revolutionary France
of the ultra-Jacobin factions. These extraordinary
Under the title “Latin Literature of
Post-Augustan
documents have been freely drawn on by the histor-
Latin prose.
the Empire” (Harper), Dr. Alfred
ians, and students of the period will find in them much
Gudeman, of the University of Penn-
that is familiar. The narratives are interspersed
sylvania, has undertaken the presentation of char-
with biographical notices and curious anecdotes, and
acteristic selections from Roman writers of con-
the second volume is devoted mainly to memoirs
sequence, beginning with the elder Seneca and
describing life in the prisong. Readers with a taste
extending over a period of four centuries. The first
for the horrible will find their account in these
volume, covering the prose writers of this period,
grewsome records. Read aright, they are not de-
is now before us. The works of fifteen authors are
void of instruction. In them is writ large the lesson
represented, the selections varying in quantity from
that a social order based on the ruthless oppression
about fifteen pages for some of the less important and degradation of society's toilers by a governing
authors to seventy for Tacitus. Professor Gudeman
caste will go down in blood and ruin when the
is thoroughly acquainted with the literature of the
measure of its iniquity is full. What, essentially,
imperial period, and his selections are made with due
was the French Revolution? It was the sudden
discrimination. If, after a hasty examination of the
and complete collapse of the long reign of a corrupt
contents, we were asked to suggest anything which
ought to have been included in his book and is not, it misrule, fell in a day a prey to the vengeance of a
and enfeebled oligarchy that, after generations of
would be the crushing characterization of Tigellinus populace it had educated in misery and crime. It
in the Annals of Tacitus. “Quo Vadis” is mentioned
used to be the fashion to point warningly to the
in the remarks introductory to the selections from
excesses of the Terror as illustrating the way in
Petronius; it would perhaps have been well to show
which triumphant democracy might be expected to
how much more effective Tacitus can be in clear-cut
comport itself. But experience and calmer reflec-
character-painting than Sienckiewicz. Mention of
tion have long since shown the hollowness of this
Petronius recalls the wording of Dr. Gudeman's
cheap reactionary cry. The blood shed by brutality
opening sentence on this author: “ The author of the
at the bidding of fanaticism during the Reign of
Satire is now generally identified with the elegantiæ
Terror was on the head of the old régime. The
arbiter, or master of ceremonies, under Nero," etc.
monsters that did that work were of its breeding.
Did Dr. Gudeman intend this form of statement as
What the character of that work was, the present
shrewdly non-committal? We imagine that he did,
volumes sufficiently show. The edition is founded
as the identification rests on a very slender thread
of argument, and he is inclined neither to accept judicious excision and compression, and an account
on the English one of 1826. There has been some
weak arguments over-hastily, nor to give forth any
of the maniacal proceedings at Nantes of that most
uncertain sound when once he has reached a satis-
infamous of the revolutionary proconsuls, Carrier,
factory conclusion. Students of Latin literature will
has been added. The work is passably edited by
thank Dr. Gudeman for this book. Most of the
Messrs. P. Pinkerton and J. H. Ashworth. But
authors included are not frequently edited, and their
the grotesque blunder in the old preface which
works are difficult of access except in the vicinity places the number of the victims of the September
of a few large libraries. At the same time, their
works are valuable in themselves and necessary to
massacres at “upwards of twelve thousand should
have been rectified. Twelve hundred is a rather high
any adequate view of the development of the Latin
estimate. The volumes are presentably made, and
language and literature, as well as that of the subse-
contain two portraits — the Princess de Lamballe
quent offshoots from this stem. Professor Gudeman's
and Beaumarchais.
studies in this field have not blinded his eyes to
“the relative inferiority of this literature as a whole
Professor Albert Lavignac, of the
Wagner, his
when compared with the noonday splendor of that
Paris Conservatoire, has written a
of the age which preceded it"; and it is to be hoped
book about “ The Music Dramas
that the increasing tendency to study the authors of Richard Wagner and his Festival Theatre in
of the silver age will not be allowed to contribute Bayreuth” (Dodd) which, although such a book
to the present tendency toward inferior standards in upon such a subject would now seem to be a work
English. As a prophylactic against such a result,
a , of superogation, is hardly to be spared from the
we advise a careful reading of Quintilian's famous music-lover's shelves. It provides “a real practical
passage on the younger Seneca, which may be found guide to Bayreuth,” and, as such, is distinctly supe-
on pages 257–8 of the volume before us. We await rior to any other book with which we are acquainted.
with interest the second volume, which will be devoted There is little of the nebulous æstheticism with
to the poets.
which so much of the Wagnerian literature reeks,
>
.
music and
his theatre.
a


352
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
but instead two classes of facts, presented with the tion by trying to view it with the eyes of the employed.
greatest particularity, neglecting nothing, however But the wisest look forward to the day when the
seemingly trivial, that either prospective pilgrim or American genius for mechanics shall have given us
visitor on the spot would wish to know. The first an automatic servant, rather than to the establish-
class of these facts includes details about reaching ment of caste. Mr. Gregory's comments are fair in
the musical Mecca of Bavaria, about employing the the main, making allowances for his early advan-
time when one is there, about the architecture of tages, and are certainly pertinent and interesting.
the Schauspielhaus, about the arrangement of mu- Still, we cannot quite look forward to ourselves as
sicians and spectators, about the dates and casts of a nation of Gregories.
all the performances thus far given, and about the
external history of the Wagnerian dramas, including Studies of
A parallel both curious and instruc-
the biography of the composer. This section of the Town life in tive might be drawn between the
work is illustrated by photographs and diagrams. Old England. experiences of the dwellers in Coy-
The second class of facts includes all those apper- entry and, for instance, in Chicago. In “Life in an
taining to the dramas considered as works of art;
Old English Town," by Mary Dormer Harris, the
that is, act-by-act analyses of the texts, charts giving slow development of a community founded a short
the order of entrance of the characters, catalogues time before the Norman Conquest is placed before
of the Leitmotive with copious illustrations in mu-
the reader panoramically, showing the successive
sical notation, and diagrams showing the appear- struggles of the church, the burghers, and the robber
ance of each motive in each act and scene of all the
barons to obtain control of the taxing power. There
dramas. These are some, but by no means all, of are more centuries in the age of Coventry than
the details provided by this remarkable work. We there are decades in the existence of Chicago; and
have said that the author eschews æstheticism in the latter, for all that it has never had any religious
his descriptions, but this does not mean that they questions to solve, is not much further along in
are devoid of the critical element. On the contrary,
commanding its own resources than Coventry was
they are compact with criticism, sympathetic but during the Wars of the Roses. In both cases the
sane, and we are quite as much attracted by M. struggle is a desperate one, the shrewd intelligence
Lavignac's lucidity of style and sobriety of judg- of greed arraying itself against the diffused interest
ment as by the astonishing array of facts which he of sleepy or preoccupied citizens, who fairly refuse
provides. For the book is by no means a dry com- to arouse themselves until thrust forcibly from their
pendium, but for the most part a readable and ex- very beds of ease. Coventry to-day is governed in
tremely interesting essay in interpretation, such a manner which may well be emulated. And there
a book, in short, as we have long wished for, but are episodes in its history, such as the use its inhab-
have hitherto despaired of possessing.
itants made of their periods of prosperity for the
erection of notable public buildings, which are no
A long-range
If the “certain condescension”
less exemplary. The work is done with a paing-
critic of our ticeable in Americans who have lived taking which does not suffer itself to degenerate into
national life. long abroad is apparent in the pages the mere recital of detail, and is, therefore, a wel-
of Mr. Eliot Gregory's “Worldly Ways and Byways"
come addition to the “Social England series
(Scribner), the tone is still one of sympathy with the (Macmillan) of which it forms a part.
cruder forms of American life, rather than of mere
tolerance. Being judged by one of ourselves, instead
That minuteness of knowledge which
of by foreigners, has this advantage: that the sayings
is to be looked for in a thesis sub-
Greek drama.
and doings of immigrants and their immediate pro-
mitted by a candidate for a doctorate
geny are not taken to be the manifestations of our in philosophy in a German university is the apparent
national life, with the corollary that the criticisms thing in “The Attitude of the Greek Tragedians
offered by the essayist are directed at those who may toward Art” (Macmillan), by Dr. John H. Huddil-
heed them the Americans of old descent. The ston. It is a most ingenious and learned disqui-
sense of aloofness which Mr. Gregory's European sition upon the evidences appearing in the dramas
education has given him is heightened by the fact, of Sophocles, Æschylus, and Euripides, of the influ-
which he makes evident, of his enjoying the “ best ences of the work of architects, sculptors, and paint-
society in New York City. This furnishes him with ers about them, — such a research as might be made
the point of view of an aristocrat, and enables him (comparing great things with small) for Maeterlinck
to discourse upon the evils of discontent in our mode and the Pre-Raphaelites and symbolists of England
of living, — meaning, apparently, the failure of his and France. So far, the essayist's purpose is clear.
countrymen to keep themselves duly arranged in social But there is another and deeper matter beneath,
strata for generation after generation, in accordance which makes the essay also one upon the inter-
with the more stable institutions of Europe. Every relations of the fine arts during Athens' glory, and
American who has progressed far enough along the gives it an interest hardly less catholic than special.
social ladder to dwell in a household with a “hired As a whole, the book is a flattering example of the
girl” has felt the same thing, in all probability work American scholars are doing in the worthiest
Some of us have tempered the acerbities of the situa- directions.
no-
Greek art in
a
a


1898.]
353
THE DIAL
in Manhattan.
We thought when we read Professor made the subjects of as many chapters. In each case
Bismarck and
Munroe Smith's sketch of Bismarck we have a biography, a bibliography, and a selection of
German Unity.
in the New York “Nation,” some
critical opinions with accompanying illustrations. It is
in the classification of this latter material that the most
weeks ago, that it was about as good a thing in its
distinctive feature of the work is to be sought. The
way as we had ever seen; and after re-reading it
work seems to us a very useful one, and we commend
we put it carefully away for future reference. This
admirable historical outline has now been issued by time that its success will be such as to encourage the
it strongly to teachers of English, hoping at the same
the Macmillan Co. in book form under the title of
author to proceed with his plan of two similar volumes
“ Bismarck and German Unity.” The volume is a to be devoted mainly to the poets.
comely one of about a hundred pages, and it con- “ A History of English Critical Terms" (Heath), by
tains a capital frontispiece portrait of its hero. We
Mr. J. W. Bray, purports “to trace the changes of mean-
heartily recommend this little book as a royal road ing which have taken place in the chief terms employed
to a clear general understanding of Bismarck and in English criticism. About fourteen bundred critical
his work.
epithets are given in alphabetical order, and, according
to their importance, are illustrated by quotations. Many
Mrs. John King Van Rensselaer, by of the entries are single lines, such as “Ostentation:
Old Dutch
home life
dint of patient ransacking of various B. Jon. to present.” A few have pages of illustrative
collections of old family papers, has passages. An appendix attempts a somewhat labored
managed to piece together a rather readable pic philosophical classification of the terms indexed. The
ture of old Dutch and English-Dutch colonial home work embodies an excellent idea, and is useful as far
life, which she entitles « The Goede Vrouw of Mana- as it goes, but the author's reading does not seem to have
been as extensive as it should have been. We miss many
ha-ta, 1609-1760” (Scribner). Hitherto unex-
ploited family papers furnish the basis of the book,
of the most characteristic terms of recent criticism, such
as Arnold's “ Corinthian" and Pater's “indefectible,"
but the authorities have not been neglected. As
and we doubt if many of those given have been traced
Mrs. Van Rensselaer's title implies, it is with the
as far back as possible.
ways and doings of the matrons of Manhattan,
The second volume of “Operative Gynecology,” by
rather than of their spouses, that her book is prin- Dr. Howard A. Kelly, of the Johns Hopkins Univer-
cipally concerned ; and this theme is naturally one sity, has just been issued by Messrs. D. Appleton & Co.
which strongly enlists her sympathies. The book is A general notice of the work was given in our issue
of a type rather common of late years, and it is a of May 1 last, on the appearance of Volume I. The
favorable specimen of its class.
present volume contains 570 large octavo pages, with
more than six hundred original illustrations, twenty-four
of them colored plates. There is a notable chapter on
conservative operations, in which this eminent specialist
BRIEFER MENTION.
has done much to relieve this branch of surgery from
some perhaps not undue reproach; and humanity would
The series of small books called “ The Oxford Man- doubtless be the gainer if the chapter could be read by
uals of English History" (Scribner) has just been com- every member, and particularly every young member,
pleted by the publication of “ England and the Hundred of the medical profession.
Years' War." This volume, the third chronologically, The Snake-Dance of the Moki Indians of Arizona
but the sixth and last to appear, is the work of Mr. attracts greater attention each year. It is the most
C. W. C. Oman, the editor of the series. We do not
striking and startling native ceremonial still celebrated
know where to find the essentials of English history more in our country. Never celebrated two years in succes-
compactly and at the same time more readably presented sion at any one pueblo, it occurs in alternating years at
than in this series of six easily pocketable books. The Oraibe and Wolpi. This year it was held at Oraibe;
title of the present volume is something of a misnomer, next year it will be seen at Wolpi. Mr. Walter Hough,
for the period it really covers is 1327 — 1485, the period of the United States National Museum, describes the
between the accession of Edward II. and the Tudor
dance and pueblo life in Arizona in a pretty little book,
victory on Bosworth Field.
“ The Moki Snake-Dance” just published by the Santa
The Cambridge” edition of Tennyson, edited by Fe Railroad. The plan of the book and the selection of
Mr. W. J. Rolfe, and published by Messrs. Houghton, the sixty-four illustrations it contains were the work of
Mifflin, & Co., is uniform with the other single-volume Mr. Charles A. Higgins. Both in a literary and an
poets issued under that designation, and has the usual artistic way the book is good, and deserves careful
portrait, biography, and notes. The text extends to reading and a place in the library alongside of the
nearly nine hundred double-column pages, and has been standard works on such subjects.
printed with scrupulous care. We miss from this edition
Recent modern language text-books include the follow-
« The Foresters " and the “Death of Enone” volume, ing: Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. publish a "Grammaire
presumably for copyright reasons, but we get, per contra, Francaise," by Messrs. Baptiste Méras and S. M. Stern;
the early poems omitted by Tennyson in the later issues
Töpffer's “ La Bibliotheque de Mon Oncle," edited by
of his verse. Praise of the work, considering the auspices Mr. Robert L. Taylor; and Richard von Volkmann-
under which it appears, would be superfluous.
Leander's “ Träumereien an Französischen Kaminen,"
Mr. J. Scott Clark has prepared “ A Study of English edited by Miss Idelle B. Watson, The Macmillan Co.
Prose Writers," which is published by the Messrs. Scrib- publish Lessing's “Nathan der Weise," edited by Mr.
The work is described as “a laboratory method." | George O. Curme; and Goethe's “ Egmont," edited by
Twenty-six writers, from Bacon to 0. W. Holmes, are Dr. Sylvester Primer.
6
»
ner.


354
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE.
London, November 5, 1898.
Mr. Harold Frederic's death has been the talk of the
town, and his friends are entirely at a loss to under-
stand how he could have been brought to take up with
this so-called “ Christian Science." I am afraid the
connection, coupled with the revelations which have
been made at the inquest, will not tend to increase his
popularity, with the British public, at any rate. He
leaves two wives and two families, and his will portions
out his property between them. Not that his interests
in the copyrights can be worth much; for I am told the
English interests had already been largely drawn upon
while he was yet alive. He was a gifted man, without
a doubt, and seems to have had the happy faculty of
drawing to himself the best in his friends.
The death of Mr. Gleeson White makes another, if
less important, void in the ranks of journalists. He did
not achieve any very arresting work in literature, for
his life was too much taken up with other matters. He
will be best remembered as the founder and first editor
of “The Studio,” and for the charm of his gracious per-
sonality. I have never known any man so generous, so
unselfish, or so ready to help others. His wit and con-
versation made it a delight to be in his society. But his
career will be chiefly valued and appreciated by the
many young fellows who found in him the quick-hearted
friend and earnest adviser. I do not think that he
would ever have made a great name in literature, in
whatever circumstances he was placed. Creative activ-
ity is the possession of but very few. But he had the
rare nature which influences others by its own magic of
tenderness, graciousness, and kindly encouragement.
The world at large may soon forget him; but the mem-
ory of Gleeson White will always remain enshrined in
the hearts of his friends.
I mentioned, some weeks ago, that Mr. Harry Quilter
was about to commence business as a publisher. His
first “announcement” is just made. It is not new, by
any means, for there have been illustrated editions be-
fore of Browning's “Pied Piper of Hamelin.” What is
new is that the publisher himself should be the illustra-
tor. He calls the volume an "edition de luxe." As
the price of four hundred out of the five hundred copies
Efforts are being made to publish the work in England
at the same time. It is to be a volume of some three or
four hundred pages, giving the complete history of
« L'Affaire Dreyfus." For the story of his own personal
connection with this business, M. Esterhazy will have
another volume.
The American method of selling long “sets ” of books
by means of the instalment payment system, so success-
fully adopted by the “ Times” for the “Encyclopædia
Britannica,” will, in all probability, have great vogue
here. Already Messrs. Macmillan & Co. offer their
illustrated edition of Green's “Short History of the
English People" on these terms. Messrs. Pearson &
Co. lately announced that they would sell a complete
edition in twenty-five volumes of the novels of Sir Walter
Scott by a payment of 58. down and instalments of 1s. per
week. The applications they received were so numerous
that they cannot supply orders. Messrs. Downey & Co.
are following out the same principle with the Wormeley
edition of Balzac's “Comédie Humaine."
An important work on Russia, its development and
relations with Eastern and Western nations, both politi-
cally and commercially, is to be published next spring.
It is from the press of Mr. Alexis Krausse, and will be
published here by Mr. Grant Richards. The book
ought to appeal to American readers; but I bave not
heard that any American house has, as yet, acquired the
right of publishing it.
Mr. G. Bernard Shaw has passed for the press the
last sheets of “ The Perfect Wagnerite,” which is to be
published on your side by Mr. H. S. Stone. The book
will form an exposition of Wagner's musical treatment
of the fable of “The Ring," and is written in Mr. Shaw's
characteristic manner.
TEMPLE SCOTT.
9
dollars from die tre be inhout twenty-five dollars, and
fifty Cheben the series of indem habenlarged.
»
9
the remaining hundred,
thing in the way of luxury. In addition to many spe-
cially designed ornaments and borders, the volume is
to contain twenty-seven full-page miniatures, and two
color plates, as the circular has it, "on English vellum
and silk." It is to be “ whole bound, with original de-
sign in gold, and inlaid with embossed silver plates."
This is luxurious publishing, with a vengeance !
You will, no doubt, have heard that Mr. John Morley
is to be the biographer of Mr. Gladstone, and that
Messrs. Macmillan & Co. are to publish the biography
in England and America. Mr. Morley seems determined
to do anything rather than finish his life of Chatham
which has been promised for the “Twelve English
Statesmen” series for the past ten years. Perhaps, like
Huxley's “ Berkeley," it will never be published.
I was right in my figures as to the price paid for the
Bismarck Memoirs. The £6000 is for England alone,
and Messrs. Harper & Brothers have paid a similar sum
for the American rights.
The Esterhazy book is to appear in Paris on the 20th
of this month, but it will be a first instalment only.
LITERARY NOTES.
Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons publish a pretty volume
of selections from Southey's “ Doctor" and other mis-
cellaneous writings in the lighter vein.
Sir Henry Thompson's " Food and Feeding " is reis-
sued by Messrs. Frederic Warne & Co. in a new edition
(
. Scribner just published “ The
Shaving of Shagpat” and “The Tragic Comedians " in
their new edition of Mr. Meredith's novels.
« The Market-Place," the novel left in manuscript by
the late Harold Frederic, will be published as a serial
in the “Saturday Evening Post” of Philadelphia.
“ The Fortunes of Nigel," in two dainty volumes, is
the latest addition to the “ Temple" edition of Scott's
novels. The Messrs. Scribner are the American pub-
lishers.
Mr. William Blaikie's “ How to Get Strong and How
to Stay So" is reissued by the Messrs. Harper, after
nearly twenty years of popular favor, in a revised edi-
tion printed from new plates.
A recent publication of the Field Columbian Museum
is a monograph on the “Ruins of Xkichmook, Yucatan,"
by Mr. Edward H. Thompson. The pamphlet is a thin
one, but it is richly illustrated by photographic plates
of great interest.
« The Novel and the Drama" will be the subject of
the address that Mr. Hall Caine is to deliver before the
Twentieth Century Club of Chicago on the twenty-


1898.]
355
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 87 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
66
а
fourth of this month. In view of the dual form that
Mr. Caine has given to “The Christian," and the wide-
spread discussion excited thereby, this address is likely
to attract much attention.
How much better it is to preach in sermons than in
fiction, the republication of Dr. Henry Van Dyke's
Ships and Havens” serves to accent. The essay
is
a charming one, and the publisher (Crowell) has given
it a setting worthy of its beauties.
Two valuable little volumes in the « Ladies' Home
Journal Household Library," published by the Doubleday
& McClure Co., are “Model Houses for Little Money,
by Mr. William L. Price, and “Inside of One Hundred
Homes,” by Mr. William M. Johnson. Both are exten-
sively illustrated.
“The Arabian Nights” and “Robinson Crusoe " are
two most acceptable additions to the “Illustrated En-
glish Library,” imported by Messrs. G. P. Putnam's
Sons. Mr. Fred. Pegram and Mr. C. H. Brock are the
respective illustrators of the volumes, and the work of
each is unusually good.
Mr. R. L. Paget has prepared a collection of “ Poems
of American Patriotism” which is now published by
Messrs. L. C. Page & Co. The special purpose of the
editor seems to have been to bring together the lyrical
outpourings occasioned by our three months' war with
Spain, for nearly half of the value is devoted to these
precious effusions. Most of them seem to have been
written for the newspapers, and should never have got
into a book.
The J. B. Lippincott Co., in connection with Mr. T.
Fisher Unwin of London, is putting forth a popular re-
issue of “The Adventure Series," a collection of histor-
ical memoirs and narratives that enjoyed much vogue
six or eight years ago. The first seven volumes have
already appeared, and a dozen more are soon to follow.
As in the original enterprise, so in this republication,
Trelawny's “ Adventures of a Younger Son” leads
bravely off, and whets the appetite for the books that
are to come after.
Mr. E. A. Vizetelly, writing to “The Athenæum,"
makes some interesting statements about “M. Zola's
next books.” He says: “M. Zola has two books in
hand: in the first place, one entitled • Fécondité,' which
will be the first of a series of four novels following the
trilogy of Lourdes,' Rome,' and · Paris.' The second
volume will be called “Travail,' the third · Vérité,' and
the fourth Justice.' The heroes' of these works
will be the four sons of M. Zola's Abbé Froment, and,
beyond a similarity of names, they will have nothing in
common with the Biblical Evangelists. The books
themselves will be as much novels as, say, any volumes
of the Rougon-Macquart series; but they will reflect
the four essential points of M. Zola's own belief. With
regard to . L'Affaire Dreyfus,' M. Zola certainly intends
to write a book on it in due season, and has made many
notes with that object; but he has never shirked criti-
cism, and whatever he may write he hopes to have pub-
lished, not after his death, but during his lifetime.
However, the end of • L'Affaire Dreyfus' is not yet;
whether it will ever come is a proposition not unworthy
of argument. And meantime between the chapters of
• Fécondité' M. Zola has been preparing an account of
his adventures, experiences, and observations in exile.
This will be copiously illustrated from photographs and
sketches; but inasmuch as it is still impossible to say
when M. Zola's exile will cease, no date can be fixed
for its publication."
HISTORY.
The Reign of Terror: A Collection of Authentic Narratives
Written by Eye-Witnesses of the Scenes Described. Trans.
from the French. In 2 vols., with portraits, large 8vo,
uncut. J. B. Lippincott Co. $6.
My Scrap-Book of the French Revolution. Edited by
Elizabeth Wormeley Latimer. Illus., 8vo, pp. 448. A. C.
McClurg & Co. $2.50.
Bismarck and German Unity: An Historical Outline. By
Munroe Smith. With portrait, 12mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 99. Macmillan Co. $1. net.
A General History of the World. By Victor Duruy;
trang. from
the French and revised, with Introduction and
Summary of contemporaneous history, by Edwin A. Gros-
vedor. With maps, 12mo, pp. 744. T. Y. Crowell & Co. $2.
De Soto and his Men in the Land of Florida. By Grace
King. Illus., 12mo, pp. 326. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
The Fall of Santiago. By Thomas J. Vivian. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 246. R. F. Fenno & Co. $1.50.
England and the Hundred Years' War (1327-1485 A. D.).
By C. W.C.Oman, M.A. 16mo, pp. 168. “Oxford Man-
uals of English History." Charles Scribner's Sons. 50c. net.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
Personal Sketches of Recent Authors. By Hattie Tyng
Griswold. With portraits, 12mo, pp. 352. A. C. McClurg
& Co. $1.50.
Autobiographical Reminiscences of Henry Ward
Beecher. Edited by T.J. Ellinwood, Beecher's private
secretary. With portrait, 18mo, pp. 187. F. A. Stokes
Co. 75 cts.
The Autobiography and Correspondence of Mrs. De-
lany. Revised from Lady Llanover's edition and edited
by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey. With portraits, 8vo, pp. 965.
Little, Brown, & Co. $2.50.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
A Century of French Fiction. By Benjamin W. Wells,
Ph.D. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 396. Dodd, Mead & Co. $2.
Essays on Work and Culture. By Hamilton Wright
Mabie. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 247. Dodd, Moad & Co.
$1.25.
The Successors of Homer. By W.C. Lawton. 12mo, uncut,
pp. 201. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
Trimalchio's Dinner. By Petronius Arbiter; trans. from
the original Latin, with Introduction and Bibliographical
Appendix, by Harry Thurston Peck. Illus., 12mo, pp. 202.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
Sketches and Studies in Italy and Greece, First Series.
By John Addington Symonds. New edition ; 8vo, uncut,
pp. 359. Charles Scribner's Song. $2.
Tales of the Enchanted Islands of the Pacific. By Thomas
Wentworth Higginson. Illus., 12mo, pp. 259. Macmillan
Co. $1.50.
Tales of the Heroic Ages. By Zenaïde A. Ragozin. Vol. I.,
Siegfried and Beowulf. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 332.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
American Prose: Selections, with Critical Introductions by
Various Writers and a General Introduction. Edited by
George Rice Carpenter. 12mo, pp. 465. Macmillan Co.
$1. net.
The Modern Man and Maid. By Sarah Grand. 12mo,
pp. 41. T. Y. Crowell & Co. 35 cents.
Chinese Fiction. By the Rev. George T. Candlin. Illus.,
8vo, pp. 51. Open Court Pub'g Co. Paper, 15 cts.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
Henry Esmond, English Humorists, Four Georges, Charity,
and Humour. By W. M. Thackeray, Biographical
edition, with Introduction by Anne Thackeray Ritchie.
Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 725. Harper & Bros. $1.75.
Francis Parkman's Works, Library Edition. First vols.:
Pioneers of France in the New World, and The Jesuits in
North America. Each with frontispiece, 8vo, gilt top.
Little, Brown, & Co. Per vol., $2.
Works of Jane Austen. First vols.: Sense and Sonsibility.
In 2 vols., with photogravure frontispieces, 16mo, gilt tops.
Littlo, Brown, & Co. $1.50.
6
6
6
6


356
[Nov. 16,
THE DIAL
.
Works of Rudyard Kipling, “Outward Bound” edition.
Last vol.: "Captains Courageous": A Story of the Grand
Banks. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, unout, pp. 242. Charles
Scribner's Sons. (Sold only by subscription.)
Illustrated English Library. New vols.: The Arabian
Nights' Entertainments, illus. by Fred. Pegram ; Defoe's
Robinson Crusoe, illus. by C. E. Brock. Each 12mo, uncut.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. Per vol., $1.
The Waverley Novels. By_Sir Walter Scott. "Temple"
edition. New title: The Fortunes of Nigel. In 2 vols.,
with frontispieces, 24mo, gilt tops. Charles Scribner's
Sons. $1.60.
Sonnets of José-Maria de Heredia, Done into English by
Edward Robeson Taylor. Second edition ; 12mo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 182. San Francisco : William Doxey. $1.25.
POETRY.
From Sunset Ridge: Poems Old and New. By Julia Ward
Howe. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 190. Houghton, Mifflin
& Co. $1.50.
Songs from the Ghetto. By Morris Rosenfeld; with prose
translation, glossary, and Introduction by Leo Weiner.
12mo, uncut, pp. 115. Copeland & Day. $1.25.
When the Birds Go North Again. By Ella Higginson.
16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 175. Macmillan Co. $1.25.
FICTION
The
Nameless Castle. By Maurus Jokái; trans.
from the
Hungarian under the author's supervision by S. E. Boggs.
With portrait, 12mo, pp. 338. Doubleday & McClure Co.
$1.25.
The Red Axe. By S. R. Crockett. Illus., 12mo, pp. 370.
Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
The Castle Inn, By Stanley J. Weyman. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 372. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.50.
The Town Traveller. By George Gissing. 12mo, pp. 293.
F. A. Stokes Co. $1.25.
Roden's Corner. By Henry Seton Merriman. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 324. Harper & Brothers. $1.75.
John Splendid: The Tale of a Poor Gentleman and the
Little Wars of Lorn. By Neil Munro. 12mo, pp. 475.
Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.50.
Her Memory. By Maarten Maartens. With portrait, 12mo,
pp. 328. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
Tony Drum, a Cockney Boy. By Edwin Pugh ; illus. by
William Nicholson. 12mo, pp. 225. Henry Holt & Co. $1.50.
The Count's Snuff-Box: A Romance of the War of 1812.
By George R. R. Rivers. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 283. Little, Brown, & Co. $1.50.
Tekla: A Romance of Love and War. By Robert Barr.
12mo, pp. 437. F. A. Stokes Co. $1.25.
A Golden Sorrow. By Maria Louise Pool. 12mo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 441. H. S. Stone & Co. $1.25.
Enoch the Philistine: A Traditional Romance of Philistia,
Egypt, and the Great Pyramid. By Le Roy Hooker. 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 250. Rand, McNally & Co. $1.25.
The Cost of her Pride. By Mrs. Alexander. 12mo, pp. 313.
J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.25.
The Man Who Worked for Collister, and Other Stories.
By Mary Tracy Earle. 16mo, uncut, pp. 284. Copeland
& Day. $1.25.
Chap-Book Stories. By various writers. New series ; 16mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 260. H. S. Stone & Co. $1.25.
Final Proof; or, The Value of Evidence. By R. Ottolengui.
12mo, pp. 390. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1; paper, 50 cts.
More Cargoes. By W. W. Jacobs. 12mo, pp. 231. F. A.
Stokes Co. $1.
Rondo. By Cyril Norman. Illus., 12mo, pp. 261. G. W.
Dillingham Co. $1.50.
The Fifth of November: A Romance of the Stuarts. By
Charles S. Bentley and F. Kimball Scribner. 12mo, pp. 228.
Rand, McNally & Co. $1.
The Casino Girl in London. By Herself; edited by Curtis
Dunham. Illus., 12mo, pp. 270. R. F. Fenno & Co. $1.
Margaret Wynne. By Adeline Sergeant. 12mo, gilt top,
G. W. Dillingham Co.'s American Author's Library :
Passion's Fruit. By Karl Kingshead, 12mo, pp. 245. 50 cts.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
A Tour through the Famine Districts of India. By
F. H. S. Merewether. Illus., 8vo, uncut, pp. 340. J. B.
Lippincott Co. $4.50.
Through Persia on a Side Saddle. By Ella C. Sykes.
Illus., 8vo, uncut, pp. 362. J. B. Lippincott Co. $4.50.
Corona and Coronet: Being Narrative of the Amherst
Eclipse Expedition to Japan, in 1896. By Mabel Loomis
Todd. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 383. Houghton, Mimin
& Co. $2.50.
A Corner of Spain. By Miriam Coles Harris. 16mo, pp. 195.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25.
Mexico and the United States : A Study of Subjects affect-
ing their Political, Commercial, and Social Relations, made
with a View to their Promotion. By Matias Romero.
Vol. I.; large 8vo, pp. 759. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $4.50.
Africa : Its Partition and its Future. By Henry M. Stanley
and others; with Introduction by Harry Thurston Peck,
Ph. D. 12mo, pp. 263. Dodd, Mead & Co. $1.25.
The Land of Contrasts : A Briton's View of his American
Kin. By James Fullarton Muirhead. 12mo, pp. 282.
Lamson, Wolffe & Co. $1.50.
THEOLOGY AND RELIGION.
The Christian Teaching. By Lyof N. Tolstoï; trans. by
V. Tchertkoff. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 210. F. A.
Stokes Co. $1.
The Greatest Thing Ever Known. By Ralph Waldo
Trine. 12mo, pp. 55. T. Y. Crowell & Co. 35 cts.
The Kenotic Theory. Considered with particular refer-
ence to its Anglican forms and arguments. By the Rev.
Francis J. Hall, D.D. 12mo, pp. 247. Longmans, Green,
& Co. $1.50.
SCIENCE AND NATURE.
The Tides, and Kindred Phenomena in the Solar System.
By George Howard Darwin. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 378.
Honghton, Mifflin & Co. $2.
Flashlights on Nature. By Grant Allen. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 312. Doubleday & McClure Co. $1.50.
A World of Green Hills: Observations of Nature and Hu-
man Nature in the Blue Ridge. By Bradford Torrey.
16mo, pp. 285. Houghton, Miðin & Co. $1.25.
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL STUDIES.
The Workers in the West: An Experiment in Reality. By
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tonio clases by Leaflets in this storico teng presente tipathi SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: To be sold, a banda
Edited by Nixon Waterman. Introduction by John McGovern.
Biography by Opie Read. Illustrated by McCutcheon,
Schmedtgen, and Others. Cover Design and
Title Page by Howard Bowen.
The Bookman, New York, November, 1898.
"He had all of the drollery, the instinctive sense of fun and the
delightful irresponsibility of Mr. Field.”
The Daily News, Chicago, September 9, 1898.
“May be recommended to those suffering from melancholy."
The Chronicle, Chicago, September 12, 1898.
“Ben King's Verse is published in an exceedingly tasteful volume,
with a fine portrait of the poet, a red-line title page, with all the
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12mo, Cloth, Deckle Edged, Gilt Top, pp. 292. $1.25.
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464
OLD SOUTH LEAFLETS.
There is hardly any period of our history which teachers in
the schools and professors in the colleges cannot illustrate for
following numbers, relating the history of Spanish
power in America, are of special interest: The Discovery of
America," from the Life of Columbus, by his son, Ferdinand
Columbus ; “Columbus's Letters to Gabriel Sanchez," de-
scribing the First Voyage and Discovery; "Columbus's Me-
morial to Ferdinand and Isabella "'; · Amerigo Vespucci's
Account of his First Voyage";
Cortes's Account of the
City of Mexico”; “De Vaca's Account of his Journey to New
Mexico, 1535";" Coronado's Letter to Mendoza, 1540";
“The Death of De Sota," from the “Narrative of a Gentle-
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Price, 5 cents a copy. $$4.00 per 100. Send for complete lists.
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FIRST EDITIONS OF MODERN AUTHORS,
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some country furnished and replete
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1898.]
363
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Write
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The Magnificent Private Library of
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Embracing many handsome Extra Illustrated Works,
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Rare and Scarce Americana.
VALUABLE AUTOGRAPH LETTERS,
HISTORICAL PAPERS, BROADSIDES,
AND ENGRAVED PORTRAITS,
the Collection of a Well-Known Philadelphia Gentleman
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Including Letters of Generals in the Revolution and Civil
War, Signers of the Declaration, Napoleon and his Marshals,
Crowned Heads of Europe, Authors, Musicians, Poets, Artists.
and Statesmen. Early Colonial and Revolutionary Broad-
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Americans, also Rare Washington Pitchers and Historical
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364
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These Reminiscences constitute not alone the autobiography of a great statesman, but the most important con-
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Smith, Elder & Co. in England, and in New York from HARPER & BROTHERS.
THROUGH ASIA
By SVEN HEDIN. With Two Maps and Two Plates Printed in Colors and about 280 Illus-
trations by the Author and from Photographs. About 1300 pages. Two Volumes,
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IN THE FORBIDDEN LAND
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Mr. A. H. Savage Landor's book on his Tibetan journey gives blood-curdling descriptions of the tortures
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Governor of the province, caused him to be placed on a pony with a spiked saddle, and in this excruciating
position he was made to ride a long distance, while shot and arrows were discharged at him, though happily
without effect.-N. Y. Tribune.
NEW YORK HARPER & BROTHERS
LONDON
PUBLISHERS


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1898.]
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1898.]
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THE DIAL
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HOME ECONOMICS, BY MARIA PARLOA.
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[Dec. 1,
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“ THE BEST CHILDREN'S MAGAZINE IN THE WORLD”
toys
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who knows the country well,
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ST. NICHOLAS
FOR YOUNG FOLKS
Du
URING the generation that St. NICHOLAS has been before the public it has continued
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of this and other lands the very best literature that could be obtained, so that its list of con-
tributors contains many of the greatest names. It has also enlisted the services of the fore-
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will be gained by the excellent attractions that are announced :
G. A. HENTY. A serial story of American history by this popular writer for young folks,— written
.
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they
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the amusing things in history.
MRS. BURTON HARRISON. In the Toy Country," – a visit to the country where
POULTNEY BIGELOW. A story of an American boy's stirring adventure in Russia, by one
LLOYD OSBOURNE. The collaborator of Robert Louis Stevenson tells a story of a Samoan boy
MRS. C. D. SIGSBEE. The wife of the “ Maine's” commander describes some queer pets in the
GELETT BURGESS. A series of pictures and rhymes about some remarkable little creations
called the ."
CLARA MORRIS. A story worthy of Mark Twain in its humor, and of Uncle Remus in its appre-
ciation of darky .
OLIVER HERFORD. Bright bits of verse and clever pictures will be contributed by the author
LIEUT. ROBERT E. PEARY. A story of two polar bears captured by the noted Arctic
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A NEW DEPARTMENT. Books AND READing. Selections from standard literature, ancient
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1898.]
373
THE DIAL
VON HOLST'S WORKS.
CONSTITUTIONAL AND POLITICAL HISTORY
OF THE UNITED STATES.
By Dr. HERMANN E. VON HOLST, Head Professor of History in the University of Chicago.
A work unsurpassed and unrivalled in its field. It is keen and profound; fearless and impartial in its
judgment of men and measures; vigorous and vivid, alike in its delineation of events and in its portraiture of
parties and leaders.
CRITICAL OPINIONS.
“It is a book," says Charles Kendall Adams, "which should be carefully studied by every student of American politics."
"A history of high type and enduring value."- Alexander Johnston.
“A masterpiece as to depth, clearness, impartiality, and scope.”—David Swing.
“His labors, indeed, have been immense. ... A work which every student must needs possess in its entirety.”—The Nation.
1
-
OUTLINE OF CONTENTS.
Vol. I. 1750–1832. Origin of the Union.-State Sovereignty Vol. V. 1854-1856. Kansas-Nebraska Bill.- Buchanan's
and Slavery.
Election.
Vol. II. 1828–1846. Jackson's Administration.-Annexation
Vol. VI. 1856–1859. Buchanan's Election. - End of the
of Texas.
35th Congress.
Vol. III. 1846–1850. Annexation of Texas.- Compromise of
Vol. VII. 1859-1861. Harper's Ferry. — Lincoln's Inaugu-,
1850.
Vol. IV. 1850-1854. Compromise of 1854.--Kansas-Nebraska
ration.
Bill.
Vol. VIII. Index and Bibliography (385 pages).
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THE FRENCH REVOLUTION,
Tested by Mirabeau's Career.
By Dr. HERMANN E. VON HOLST. Twelve Lectures on the History of the French Revolution, delivered
at the Lowell Institute, Boston, Mass.
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Boston Herald.
Printed at the Riverside Press, on English paper, uncut edges, 2 vols., 12mo, cloth, $3.50 net.
9
The Constitutional Law of the United States.
By Dr. HERMANN E. VON HOLST, author of “The Constitutional and Political History of the United States."
Part I.- Genesis of the Constitution. Part II.- The Federal Constitution. Part III.- Constitution and General Law of
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Hon. JAMES WILSON, LL.D., Associate Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court; Member of the Continental
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Wilson's Works, two volumes; cloth, $7.00; sheep, $8.00.
CALLAGHAN & COMPANY, CHICAGO, ILL.


374
[Dec. 1,
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CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS'
First Novel by the author of “ Marse Chan.”
RED ROCK.
A Chronicle of Reconstruction. By THOMAS NELSON PAGE.
With Illustrations by B. WEST CLINEDINST. 12mo, $1.50.
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THE LOST WORD.
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a
ANTIGONE, AND OTHER PORTRAITS OF WOMEN.
(“Voyageuses.") From the French of Paul BOURGET, by WILLIAM MARCHANT, 12mo. $1.50.
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LEONARDO DA VINCI ;
The Artist, the Philosopher, the Scholar. From the French of EUGENE Muntz. With 20 Photogravures,
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This is the first comprehensive biography of the great master, treating, as it does, all the sides of Leonardo's varied
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FASHION IN PARIS.
The Various Phases of Feminine Taste and Æsthetics from 1797 to 1897. By OCTAVE UZANNE. Translated
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MISS AMERICA.
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1898.]
375
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(Dec. 1,
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1898.)
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[Dec. 1,
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Margaret Montfort. Under the Rattlesnake Flag
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1898.]
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The Finest Editions of the Waverley Novels ever Published
Andrew Lang Edition. THE WAVERLEY NOVELS By Sir Walter Scott.
.
.
With New Introductions, Notes, and Glossaries, by Andrew Lang.
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[Dec. 1,
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a
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1898.]
383
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BODY.
69 CORNHILL, BOSTON


384
[Dec. 1,
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1898.]
385
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AUTHOR OF
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AVE ROMA IMMORTALIS.
Studies from the Chronicles of Rome, by F. Marion Crawford.
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)
By GE
«


386
[Dec. 1, 1898.
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D. Appleton & Company's New Books
9
9
CANNON AND CAMERA.
LATITUDE 19º.
Sea and Land Battles of the Spanish-American War in Cuba, A Romance of the West Indies in the Year of Our Lord Eight-
Camp Life, and Return of the Soldiers. Described and een Hundred and Twenty. Being a faithful account and
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CROWNINSHIELD. Illustrated. 12mo, Čloth, $1.50.
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at close range a complete series of pictures illustrating a war from its talked about. The local color is fresh and captivating, and the interest
inception to its close. He was on the wreck of the Maine while the of novelty attaches to the historical background, including, as it does,
Commission was sitting. He saw the volunteers called into service, and the pirates and voodoo worshippers of the earlier part of the century
visited Camps Black and Chickamauga. He was at Tampa and with in Haiti, and the strange figure of King Christophe. The unflagging
Admiral Sampson's squadron, and he was at Santiago from the begin- interest of the adventures which are encountered is accompanied by :
ning to the surrender. Mr. Hemment was under fire with the Regulars constant vein of delightful humor.
and Rough Riders at El Caney, San Juan and elsewhere, and he shared
in the dramatic scenes preceding the capitulation. He witnessed the THE PHANTOM ARMY. A ROMANCE OF
bombardment of Santiago, and saw Cervera's fleet destroyed. Later,
ADVENTURE.
Mr. Hemment was present at Camp Wikoff, and saw the return of the
Regulars, the Rough Riders, and the Seventy-first Regiment.
By Max PEMBERTON. Uniform with “Kronstadt." Illus
trated. 12mo, Cloth, $1.50.
RECOLLECTIONS OF THE CIVIL WAR.
By CHARLES A. DANA. With Portrait. Large 12mo, Cloth,
HER MEMORY.
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only practically a member of the Cabinet and in the confidence of the other day. 'Her Memory' may be recommended as an unaffected story
leaders at Washington, but he was also the chosen representative of the of life, pulsing with real feeling, and never morbid nor abnormal."-
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THE HISTORY OF THE WORLD.
By DOROTHEA GERARD, anthor of “ A Forgotten Sin," “Miss
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" " The Wrong
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NEW JUVENILE BOOKS.
FOOT-NOTES TO EVOLUTION.
THE HERO OF ERIE (Commodore Perry). By JAMES
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cidents are seen at their best in this most entertaining book, which will
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THE STORY OF THE RAILROAD.
WITH THE BLACK PRINCE. A Story of Adventure in the
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eray, Charles Reade, or any of the English school. He is distinctly guage in clear and consecutive form, it cannot but serve a good use and
American, and yet his portrayal has awaited the hand of Mr. Westcott, find a wide welcome. The earlier edition of this volume has received
in spite of the activity of Miss Wilkins, Miss Jewett, and others."- such a welcome, and now that it is asked for again, I am sure that many
New York Times.
readers and hearers, both old and young, will be glad to possess it."
Send for copy (free) of the Illustrated Holiday Number of APPLETONS' MONTHLY BULLETIN.
The above books are for sale by all Booksellers, or they will be sent by mail upon receipt of price, by the Publishers,
D. APPLETON & COMPANY, 72 Fifth Ave., New York.
66
66
tury."


THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
No. 299.
DECEMBER 1, 1898. Vol. XXV.
PAGE
CONTENTS.
a
PAGE
THE REVIVAL OF ROMANCE
. 387
.
.
ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE. Temple Scott 389
THE ROMANCE OF ROME. Josiah Renick Smith . 390
SPANISH INFLUENCES AND INSTITUTIONS IN
AMERICA. Arthur Howard Noll .
391
-
.
.
MR. LANG ON PRIMITIVE RELIGION. Frederick
Start
393
CONTENTS - Books for the Young - Continued.
the Revolution.-Tomlinson's The Boys of Old Mon-
mouth. - Tomlinson's Two Young Patriots. — Miss
Sheldon's One Thousand Men for a Christmas Pres-
ent.-Norton's A Soldier of the Legion.-Miss Blan-
chard's A Girl of '76. — Margaret Sidney's Little
Maid of Concord Town.-Munroe's In Pirate Waters.
-Otis's The Cruise of the Comet. - King's From
School to Battlefield.-Goss's In the Navy.-Strate-
meyer's Under Dewey at Manila. - Ellis's Cowmen
and Rustlers. — Gomme's The Queen's Story Book.
- Whistler's King Alfred's Viking. - Stoddard's
With the Black Prince. - Miss Hall's In the Brave
Days of Old. — Cowper's The Island of the En-
glish. – Henty's Under Wellington's Command. -
Henty's Both Sides of the Border, -Henty's At
Aboukir and Acre. – Miss Yonge's The Patriots
of Palestine. - Canton's W. V.'s Golden Legend. -
Canton's The Invisible Playmate and W. V. her
Book. – Park's Alphabet of Animals. - Kemble's
Comical Coons. - Simmons's Jingle Jangle Rhyme
Book.– Miss Praeger's Further Doings of the Three
Bold Babes. — Miss Upton's The Golliwogg at the
Sea-side.-Booth's Sporting Rhymes and Pictures.-
Hugh Thomson's Jack the Giant Killer. - Nursery
Tales. - Miss Cloud's Down Durley Lane. — Lang's
Nursery Rhyme Book.–Lamb's Poetry for Children.
- Miss Chester's Stories from Dante.-Mrs. Ragozin's
Siegfried and Beowulf. — Lang's Arabian Nights. –
Thompson's Wild Animals I have Known. – Mrs.
Wright's Fourfooted Americans and Their Kin.-In-
gersoll's Book of the Ocean. – Campbell's Beyond
the Border.- Paine's The Holly Tree.- Mrs. Moles-
worth's The Magic Nuts.-Fezandie's Through the
Earth.- Escott-Inman's The Owl King.
-
-
-
-
LITERARY NOTES
. 410
LIST OF NEW BOOKS .
411
.
SOME RECENT BOOKS OF TRAVEL. Wallace
Rice
394
Landor's In the Forbidden Land.-Merewether's
A Tour through the Famine Districts of India.- Miss
Sykes's Through Persia on a Side Saddle. -Smyth's
Five Years in Siam. – Kemp's Nine Years at the
Gold Coast.- Macdonald's The Gold Coast, Past and
Present.- Mrs. Todd's Corona and Coronet.- Ford's
An American Cruiser in the Far East.-Mrs. Harris's
A Corner of Spain. - King's Roundabout Rambles
in Northern Europe.
HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS - I.
398
Irving's Captain Bonneville, “Pawnee edition.
Jane Austen's Novels, illus. in color by Brock.-
Jane Austen's Novels, Little, Brown & Co.'s edition.
· Barnes's Ships and Sailors. – Hawthorne's House
of Seven Gables, illus. by the Misses Cowles. - Miss
Cary's Tennyson. — Rossetti's The Blessed Damozel,
decorated by W. B. Macdougall. — Adams's In Na-
ture's Image.-Miss Singleton's Turrets, Towers, and
Temples. - Thomas B. Mosher's publications for
1898. – Abbott's Clear Skies and Cloudy. – Bulwer
Lytton's Paul Clifford, and A Strange Story, holiday
editions. — Miss Blanchan's Birds that Hunt and are
Hunted. — “Truth” Centres. - Powell's Historic
Towns of New England. -New volumes in the "Lux-
embourg Library." - New volumes in the "Thumb-
Nail Series." - Mrs. Wallace's Along the Bosphorus.
- Miss Hurll's Life of Our Lord in Art. – Lang's
Selections from Coleridge. - Caryl's Fables for the
Frivolous. - Remington's Frontier Sketches. -Skin-
ner's Do-Nothing Days. -Skinner's Myths and Leg-
ends beyond Our Borders. - Dumas' Twenty Years
After, holiday edition. - Marion Harland's Where
Ghosts Walk. - Morris's Historical Tales of Russia
and China and Japan. – The Old Chelsea Bun-House.
- Mrs. Slosson's Fishin' Jimmy.- Nelan's Cartoons
of Our War with Spain. - Historic New York, second
series.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG -1...
405
Dickens's Child's History of England, illus. by Clif-
ton Johnson. — Butterworth's Story of America. -
Brooks's True Story of Benjamin Franklin.-Stock-
ton's Buccaneers and Marooners of our Coast. –
Brooks's Story of Marco Polo.-Ross's Heroes of our
War with Spain. - Butterworth's The Pilot of the
Mayflower. – Mrs. Smith's The Young Puritans in
King Philip's War. – Otis's When Israel Putnam
Served the King.-Otis's The Charming Sally.-Mrs.
Green's French and English. - Stratemeyer's The
Minute Boys of Lexington.-Tomlinson's Stories of
-
-
THE REVIVAL OF ROMANCE.
An attentive reader of the last issue of THE
DIAL must have noticed the fact that no less
than three of the chief contributions to that
issue frankly espouse the cause of romance as
against the claims that have been put forward
so strenuously of recent years in behalf of
realism. This conjunction of opinion was
purely fortuitous and unpremeditated, and may
for that reason be taken as a really significant
sign of the times. When the critic wrote of
Cyrano de Bergerac as a heroic figure pre-
sented “to a world which is all ready to enjoy
romance once more”; when the essayist sought
to analyze “the ordinary and the common-
place to see why they fail to afford materials
for great art,” and concluded by saying that
he could not “conceive of anything more use-
less than a literature which reproduces life
without a background of thought and imagi-


388
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
a
nation”; when the poet personified triumphant upon a lower plane of literature that the distinc-
Romance returning to her own, and saying: tion between realism and romanticism actually
"Since of the oldest dynasty am I,
exists; it is a distinction hardly to be made, for
Delight of life within my gift doth lie ;
example, between Scott and Balzac, or between
The heart of man, of woman, and of child,
Without me were to fate unreconciled.
Tourguénieff and Hawthorne; but it may prop-
A space hath Human Fashion banished me;
erly be drawn in a discussion of Stevenson and
But Human Fashion will soon wearied be!
Mr. Gissing, or of Mr. Black and Mr. Howells.
I only wait the unfed heart's recall,
To take my place - my place supreme in all.”
It is a distinction that exists only because of
a
All three, critic, essayist, and poet alike, were
a one-sided development or a defective artistic
expressing, each in his own language, essen-
endowment.
tially the same truth, the truth that Art must
It seems to us that the signs are multiplying
better Nature and transcend it unless it is upon every hand to show that the star of this
prepared to abdicate its ancient empire.
narrower realism is waning, and that the world
The new romanticism, as was also pointed is once more coming to its own in the ideal
out by at least one of these writers, is not quite realms of the imagination. Indeed, when we
the same thing as the old, for it has learned think of the other arts, of painting and music
something from the rival by which it has been for example, the sort of thing that we are accus-
for a time supplanted. What it has learned is
tomed to call realism appears as a belated par-
the Shakespearian lesson that
allel of the work that found favor in those arts
“Nature is made better by no mean,
a generation or more ago. It illustrates merely
But Nature makes that mean: so, o'er that art, an überwundener Standpunkt. When we think
Which, you say, adds to Nature, is an art
That Nature makes ... This is an art
how far painting has got beyond Frith and the
Which does mend Nature - change it rather: but
Derby Day," when we reflect upon the full
The art itself is Nature."
meaning of the Wagnerian triumph, we may
When we speak of the prospective or accom- with small difficulty, if we are anything of
plished revival of romance, we do not mean a prophet, foresee the time when men shall look
the sort of the thing that satisfied the eight back upon the petty realism of the past score
eenth century.
“ The Castle of Otranto," and of years with mild wonder at the thought that
“ Melmoth the Wanderer," will hardly serve it should ever have been taken so seriously, with
as prototypes of the new product — atavism no other feeling than the curious interest that
cannot go as far as that but the romanticism we bring to the contemplation of such passing
that is now carrying literature before it is a vagaries of thought and taste as the history of
form of art that, like the giant of Greek fable, civilization reveals by the score. The aim of art
gains renewed strength from contact with the always has been, and always must be, to get
earth. The romancer is no longer privileged away from the details of life and to “overhear
to live in the clouds, or to dispense with the its essential expression, to arrange ideal catego-
probabilities, but he is nevertheless constrained ries for familiar facts, to make them symmet-
to idealize and ennoble those aspects of life rical, to classify, and, beyond all else, to exclude.
with which he is concerned, and to view them, What are some of the signs that realism has
not with the scientist, through a microscope, not “ come to stay" in our imaginative litera-
but with the philosopher, sub specie æternitatis. ture? It may seem as if M. Zola had the
The terms realism and romanticism have “cry” just now in France, but this is the
been so bandied about in critical discussion, most superficial view imaginable. He has
have been made so hackneyed by indiscriminate notoriety enough, no doubt, but the sources
use, that we hesitate to drag them forth once whence it springs will be dried up in a few
more from their decent veteran retirement. years, and then the bulk of his work will sink
And, as we have frequently maintained, they out of sight by its own specific gravity. Who
almost wholly lose their special signification ever wanted to read “L'Assommoir” or “La
when we seek to apply them to literature of the Débâcle
Débâcle " a second time, except from some
first order. It is the shallowest sort of criticism motive secondary to that of the satisfaction
that will be content to label the “ Inferno that their first reading gave? But we re-
realistic and “Hamlet” as romantic. Where, cur with delight to Hugo and Dumas and
as in the case of the world-masterpieces, we are George Sand, and no custom can stale their
in the presence of the sheerest Vision, the tint infinite variety. Why have Mr. Sienkiewicz
of the glasses and the index of their refraction and Signor d'Annunzio achieved lasting repu-
become matters of small importance. It is only tations in their respective countries? The
as


1898.]
389
THE DIAL
former has done it by the pure romanticism of
ENGLISH CORRESPONDENCE.
his genius, and the latter in spite, not because,
of his over-insistence upon sordid facts. Why
London, Nov. 18, 1898.
It seems to me that this might be the right time to say
are “Johannes and “ Hannele and “ Die
a word or two on the matter of English and American
Versunkene Glocke” the most striking things Book Agencies; and I think a discussion on the subject
in recent German literature ? Simply because in the columns of your widely read journal should prove
they strike the note of idealism once more.
both profitable and interesting. By a Book Agency,
I understand a sort of Publishers' Bureau, where books
Why are the careers of Herr Björnsen and Dr.
could be seen, and copyrights of books bought, sold, or
Ibsen so illuminative for our thesis? Because
exchanged, either for America of English books, or for
each of these great men presents in epitome England of American publications. As things stand at
the artistic experience of the generation. That present, only the more wealtby of publishers find it worth
their while to keep in their employ special representatives
is, because each of them began his work in
across the water, to look after their interests and conduct
the purest romantic spirit, was for a time led negotiations for new works. A very large number of pub-
astray into the morass of realism, and is now lishers find it impossible to do this, and are at the mercy
groping his way back to the sunlit meadows of a sort of blind circumstance. I don't know how you
of idealism. And because the former of these manage on your side, although I can fairly well guess; but
here, one has to hawk a book round from one agency to
men never got so far from the true path as
another, in the hope that an edition will be bought for
did the other, the totality of his work will, in
your market, or in the belief that it might be printed
the final estimate, be held the greater and there and American copyright secured. I need not say
more enduring
that this business is a tedious affair; and to its tedious-
In England and America the swing of the
ness is often added disappointment, and the vexation that
arises from the knowledge that the individuals with whom
pendulum toward romanticism is equally evi- one is dealing have no power to do anything on their own
dent. The exceptional delicacy and charm of initiative, and must refer to the home office for all de-
their workmanship is all that keeps us reading cisions. I have often wondered at the meaning of a system
the successive productions of Mr. Howells and
of establishing agencies which have not the power of act-
Mr. James. They no longer produce any kind ing: Of course, on very large transactions, or important
decisions, he might, like any ambassador, be compelled
of a thrill; the force by which they once pro- to refer to headquarters. But the average book offered
duced it is spent. In the work of Mr. Mere- could easily be either accepted or rejected without keep-
dith and Mr. Hardy the elements are so mixed ing us waiting here for weeks or even months.
that a definite classification is difficult, yet
By the time this letter reaches you, Mr. Sidney Lee's
“Life of William Shakespeare" will bave been pub-
when we reflect
upon
what we best remember
lished; and also the new edition of “ Aurora Leigh," for
in such books as • Richard Feverel” and which Mr. Swinburne has written an introduction. Mr.
“ Jude the Obscure,” it is easy to conclude that Lee's excuse for writing the Shakespeare may be put in
”
their authors are most effective when least
his own words: “Shakespearean literature, as far as it
realistic. In our more popular fiction, every
is known to me, still lacks a book that shall supply
within a brief compass an exhaustive and well-arranged
form of romance is illustrated. There is the
statement of the facts of Shakespeare's career, achieve-
emotional romance of “The Christian," the ment, and reputation, that shall reduce conjecture to the
fantastic romance of the “ Zenda” books, the
smallest dimensions consistent with coherence, and shall
mystical romance of “Aylwin,"
and the his- give verifiable references to all the original sources of
information.”
torical romance of “The Seats of the Mighty."
Mr. Gladstone's life will, as you know, be written
Other examples, equally typical, might be ad- by Mr. John Morley, and few of us will envy him the
duced by the score. Such are the books that task of sifting the hundred thousand or so of letters
the public delights to read, and their produc-
which the English statesman collected.
tion is coming to outnumber overwhelmingly trations to Carlyle's « Sartor Resartus” is announced
Mr. E. J. Sullivan, the talented artist whose illus-
“
all the other kinds of story-books. The ro- to be published “shortly," has dreams of doing a sim-
mantic revival is at full tide, and contemporary ilar service for Carlyle's “ French Revolution," and,
literature bids fair to offer us once more the probably, continuing the series so as to form, in time, a
solace that it brought us of old. We have
complete illustrated edition of the works of the Chelsea
sage.
learned that it is extremely foolish to insist of
The fashion seems coming in for books with colored
a writer that he give us all the facts connected illustra
Besides the edition of Jane Austen with
with his theme. We have learned the limita. colored pictures by Mr. Brock, Messrs. Macmillan have
tions of literary photography, we have learned published Mrs. Gaskell's “Cranford” with illustrations
in color by Hugh Thomson, and Messrs. Longmans
that it is unwise to approach literature bur-
have a whole series of school books and others also with
dened with a sense of responsibility for the colored plates. Why does not some enterprising pub-
preservation of the literal truth and the ob- lisher do a Dickens, or a Thackeray, or a Fielding, with
trusion of the ethical meaning.
similar illustrations ?
TEMPLE Scott.
)


390
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
a
The New Books.
of the book; and the dark romance of these
various centres of princely and ecclesiastical
life has been painted for us by the practised
THE ROMANCE OF ROME.*
hand of a past master. From Monti to Tras-
We have long since ceased to wonder at the tevere we are guided by an incomparable cic-
facility of Mr. Crawford in turning out delight- erone, who knows every foot of the ground, is
ful stories. For sixteen years now they have profoundly impressed with the nobility of his
appeared with twice the frequency of the cal theme, and lectures on it with the scholarship
.
endars and almanacs, and with two or three
of a Lanciani and more than the charm of a
intercalary novels to spare. Possibly, two or
Hare. Graphic description, philosophic reflec-
three might have been spared : for example, tion, and acute art criticism abound in every
“ An American Politician ” or “ A Rose of chapter; and the whole is steeped in that at-
Yesterday.” But the books which will main mosphere of affluent and felicitous expression
tain his fame are those whose melodious titles which is distinctively Mr. Crawford's own.
end in a or e or i or o, and whose milieu is the
he The embarrassment of riches overtakes us
faded but well-saved traditions of old Roman
when we try to select for quotation passages
families of to-day. Between “Mr. Isaacs which illustrate the author's treatment of his
and “Corleone” lies a cycle of romances whose subject. Perhaps nothing in the book is more
vivid portraitures and triumphs of description vivid and realistic than the extended account,
almost persuade us that they are not of an age,
in the chapter on the region“ Colonna," of
but for all time. At any rate, their author
the daily life of a princely Roman family in
has no fellow in his chosen field. And now, the Middle Ages. So irresistibly does the
as a variation on writing Roman romances, he picture confront our eyes that we say instinct-
has made the city his heroine, and has given ively “this is contemporary observation, not
us the romance of Rome.
reconstruction.”
The two sumptuous volumes before us are
No region was more swept by tragedy than
not, however, a mere hasty interlude between the one called 66
Ponte,” and none of its trag-
novels. There is strong external and inter- edies has wakened more pity and terror than
nal evidence that the book has been “simmer- that of the Cenci. Here is a glimpse of the
ing,” as George Eliot might say, for many
last scene in it:
years. The chapters on Leo XIII., the Vat- “They died bravely, there at the head of the bridge,
ican, and St. Peter's, with other descriptive restless crowd, among whom more than one person was
in the calm May morning, in the midst of a vast and
passages, appeared in the “Century Maga-
Century Maga- killed by accident, as by the falling of a pot of flowers
zine in 1896, and have now been brought from a high window, and by the breaking down of a
together here,—leaving behind them, alas! the balcony over a shop, where too many had crowded in to
superb illustrations by Castaigne. In one
The old house opposite looked down upon the
sense, Mr. Crawford has been writing the book
scene, and the people watched Beatrice Cenci die from
those same arched windows. Above the sea of faces,
all his life; and the result is something which
high on the wooden scaffold, rises the tall figure of a
is history, guide-book, and narrative, and more. lovely girl, her hair gleaming in the sunshine like
The Eternal City has often been described : threads of dazzling gold, her marvelous blue eyes turned
but now she has received a sort of apotheosis. up to heaven, her fresh young dimpled face not pale
with fear, her exquisite lips moving softly as she repeats
The plan of this great vision of Rome is
the De Profundis of her last appeal to God. Let the
topographical rather than chronological. A
axe not fall.
Let her stand there for ever in the spot-
scant hundred pages of the first volume are less purity that cost her life on earth and set her name
given to a sketch of the city's history, from the
for ever among the high constellated stars of maidenly
romance."
few shepherds digging on the Palatine, down
to the close of the Middle Ages. The rest of
In the chapter on “ Sant'Angelo" Mr.
Crawford finds the old Ghetto a convenient
the first volume, and all of the second except
text for a short but brilliant excursus on the
the last three chapters, are occupied with an
account of the fourteen Regiones (“ Rioni"), status of the Jews in Rome. He tells us that
or wards, into which, with slight modifications, they have been better treated by the religious
the city has remained divided since the time
than by the civil authorities, and cites the fact
of Augustus. This is the heart and substance that they were required to do homage to the
latter every year in the Capitol, the Senator
*AVE ROMA IMMORTALIS. Studies from the Chronicles of
Rome. By Francis Marion Crawford. In two volumes.
of Rome placing his foot upon the head of the
New York: The Macmillan Co.
prostrate delegates; but —
?
see.


1898.]
391
THE DIAL
"
a
“The service they were required to do on the accession old of the great church, the author takes leave
of a new Pope was of a different and less degrading of his readers; but not of his theme.
pature. The Israelite School awaited the Pope's pas-
sage, on his return from taking possession of the Lat-
“For a man can no more say a last farewell to Rome
than he can take leave of eternity. The years move
eran, standing up in a richly hung balcony, before which
he passed on bis way. They then presented him with
on, but she waits ; the cities fall, but she stands ; the
old races of men lie dead in the track wherein man-
a copy of the Pentateuch, which he blessed on the spot,
and took away with him. That was all, and it amounted
kind wanders always between two darknesses ; yet
to a sanction, or permission, accorded to the Jewish
Rome lives, and her changes are not from life to death,
religion."
as ours are, but from one life to another. A man may
live with Rome, laugh with her, dream with her, weep
What the Ghetto was like can hardly be with her, die at her feet ; but for him who knows her
;
described ; but here is as forcible an approxi- there is no good-bye, for she has taken the high seat of
mation to description as most persons would
his beart, and whither he goes she is with him, in joy
care to read:
or sorrow,with wonder, longing, or regret, as the chords
of his heart were tuned by his angel in heaven."
“In a low-lying space enclosed within a circuit of five
hundred yards, and little, if at all, larger than the The volumes are flawlessly printed and
Palazzo Doria, between four and five thousand human tastefully bound. Twenty-eight photogravure
beings were permanently crowded together in dwellings plates — just two to a region-show the prin-
centuries old, built upon ancient drains and vaults that
were constantly exposed to the inundations of the river cipal monuments with unsurpassed stereoscopic
and always reeking with its undried slime ; a little,
effect. One misstatement should be noted, on
pale-faced, crooked-legged, eager-eyed people, grub- page 110 of Volume II., where Moses Men-
bing and grovelling in masses of foul rags for some delssohn is made the father of the composer,
tiny scrap richer than the rest and worthy to be sold instead of his grandfather.
apart ; a people whose many women, haggard, low-
speaking, dishevelled, toiled, half doubled together,
JOSIAH RENICK SMITH.
upon the darning and piecing and smoothing of old
clothes, whose many little children huddled themselves
into corners, to teach one another to count ; a people of
sellers who sold nothing that was not old or damaged,
SPANISH INFLUENCES AND INSTITUTIONS
and who had nothing that they would not sell; a people
IN AMERICA.*
clothed in rags, living among rags, thriving on rags ; a
people strangely proof against pestilence, gathering Recent events, by the course of which the
rags from the city to their dens, when the cholera was
raging outside the Ghetto's gates, and rags were cheap in the Western Hemisphere have been wrested
last fragments of Spain's once vast possessions
,
yet never sickening of the plague themselves; a people
never idle, sleeping little, eating sparingly, laboring from her grasp, have very naturally awakened
for small gain amid dirt and stench and dampness, till an interest in Spanish-American history; and
Friday night came at last, and the old crier's melan-
one result of this interest is likely to be seen in
choly voice rang through the darkening alleys — The
Sabbath has begun.'
a number of new books upon subjects related to
Mr. Crawford's childhood was passed in
the Spanish colonial possessions. The appear-
ance of Professor Moses's work on "The Estab-
Italy; and the Rome of Pius IX.—the Rome
lishment of Spanish Rule in America " is there-
of the sixties — is recalled by him with an
-
fore timely, but that does not imply that it has
almost wistful fondness. The political union
of Italy under the house of Savoy is naturally
been prepared with undue baste to meet a tem-
given scant favor; and the author - views with porary demand. Dr. Moses has for many years
alarm” the present political and financial con-
past recognized the importance of the study of
dition of the kingdom. "The difference," says standing of some phases of our own history ;
Spanish-American history to the perfect under-
he, “ between Unity under Augustus and Unity and some of the chapters in this book that have
under Victor Emmanuel is that under the
Empire the Romans took Italy, whereas under previously appeared in print have proved their
value as contributions to the materials for a
the Kingdom the Italians have taken Rome
history of the western world.
an epigram that pleases him so well that he
The necessity of close attention to the study
repeats it in the second volume.
As above noted, Mr. Crawford has brought order to a proper understanding of the causes
of these early pages of history is apparent in
together here his three articles on the Pope, of the prevalent political mismanagement and
the Vatican, and St. Peter's. In the latter,
the revulsion from ecclesiastical domination in
the most colossal temple of Christendom, he
finds the most impressive illustration of the *THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SPANISH RULE IN AMERICA,
An Introduction to the History and Politics of Spanish Amer-
“ giantism” (a word he is very fond of using)
ica. By Bernard Moses, Ph.D., Professor in the University
of the Latin race. And there, on the thresh- of California. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
"


392
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
>
those countries which, though now independent or no knowledge of their needs, are due many
of Spain, we still call “ Spanish-American.” of the iniquities of Spanish rule in America,
But it is also true that the history of that por- and hence much of the present day misrule in
tion of the North American continent whose Spanish-American countries; and to this coun-
institutions are supposed to be of Anglo-Saxoncil, with the Casa de Contratacion, was due the
origin is not to be written without reference to iniquitous economic policy adopted by Spain in
Spanish rule. That rule extended as far north her colonial affairs.
as Nootka on the Pacific, as lately as 1793. Under these general governing boards there
The Georgia Colony was established with the were established Audiencias, - first in Santo
object of restricting its northern boundary on Domingo, and afterwards in Mexico, Guadala-
the Atlantic. One of the States of the Amerjara, Guatemala, Panama, and half a dozen of
ican Union retains a system of jurisprudence the South American cities. Ayuntamientos, or
derived from Spain, and others have geograph. municipal governments, were also established,
ical names and land-titles which bespeak a and have left their permanent impress upon
former Spanish domination.
the institutions of Spanish-American countries.
The number of officials and the amount of For carrying out the scheme of colonial gov-
governing attempted by Spain in her colonies ernment finally developed, there were Adelan-
in the New World probably exceeded those of tados, Captains-General and Viceroys, the last-
any nation on record. First of all there was a named capable of maintaining courts in Peru
Casa de Contratacion, established in 1503, and New Spain (Mexico) modelled after that
through which Spain sought to control the
pros-
of Madrid. Besides these, there were offices
pective commerce of the Indies for her own created for the purpose of correcting abuses
benefit, and to make the best possible use of from time to time discovered in the colonies, or
,
the colonies she then had in contemplation. with the object of espionage; and the official
This was literally a “House of Contracts, list finally included nearly all of the Spanish
though Dr. Moses prefers to translate it " India residents in the New World.
House." It combined the functions of a Board In addition to these civil institutions, there
of Trade and a Supreme Court of Judicature were ecclesiastical hierarchies, which, in the
in all cases of Admiralty. To this institution intimate connection of the Church with the
Dr. Moses devotes a chapter, and gives us the State under the “ Most Catholic ” sovereigns
best account thereof in English. Possibly a of Spain, are not to be considered separate and
like extended notice of the Consejo de las apart from the civil government in the history
Indias (Council of the Indies) would have of Spanish rule in America. All this receives
disturbed the rules of proportion established due attention from Dr. Moses, who is admir-
for this book, and the author contents him ably equipped for the task he has chosen.
self with references thereto, chiefly in his And we are led to hope that he will proceed
chapter on the “ General Policy” of Spanish to give us, in the same clear and concise form,
rule.
something upon the two other themes embraced
The Consejo was established by Ferdinand in the general subject of Spanish Authority in
in 1511, and was perfected by the Emperor America, viz: the movement toward civiliza-
Charles V. in 1524. It was principally legis- tion under that authority, and the struggles of
lative, but it was also judicial. The worst the colonies to be free. We shall then feel
features of the two worst governments in the that the whole Spanish-American history has
world, the Gothic rule and that of the Spanish been treated by a competent hand.
Moors," as some one has said, “ were combined There are errors to be found in this book,
to form the government of Spain ; and then the chiefly in the use of proper names, but these
worst features of this mongrel government were are probably typographical, and not such as
carefully preserved to oppress the native popu- Colonel Ingersoll would wish to incorporate in
lation of the Spanish possessions in the New his lecture on “The Mistakes of Moses. The
World, in the code of laws sent out to them by date of the insurrection of Tupac Amaru in
the Supreme Council of the Indies.” Naturally | Peru is given as 1571 instead of 1780-83, which
we would like to know more about the Consejo. | is an error of sufficient importance to receive
To this council, far removed from the countries notice and correction in a future edition.
it was supposed to legislate for, and with little
ARTHUR HOWARD NOLL.


1898.]
393
THE DIAL
a
to be satisfied with the current anthropological
MR. LANG ON PRIMITIVE RELIGION.*
teaching that the soul idea is evolved from
It is now a long time since Tylor's “Primi- dreams, reflections, and shadows, unless these
tive Culture " appeared. About the same time, are strongly assisted by these neglected a phe-
the well-known writings of Sir John Lub- nomena.
bock and Mr. Herbert Spencer were published. Mr. Lang's plea is worth heeding. The phe-
Then came
- at least so far as books in En- nomena deserve investigation, both for their
glish are concerned - a notable cessation of inherent interest and for the importance they
original work in that whole field. Writers were may have had in the way that he suggests. He
content to accept Tylor's “ Animism ”or Spen- has done an excellent thing in gathering and
cer's “Ghost Theory.” The old straw was presenting the material he gives. His chapter
threshed and rethreshed, but of new grain there on crystal-gazing abounds with important infor-
was really nothing — except Frazer's Golden mation. The practice seems to have existed
Bough. Everyone was quick to see, in new data almost everywhere and at almost all times. He
secured by the traveller or anthropologist, evi- finds it among Polynesians, Egyptians, Apaches,
dence for the view he championed, but no one Iroquois, South Africans, in Madagascar and
assaulted the foundations of the two theories or India, among ancient Greeks, Romans, and
proposed new ones.
Peruvians. To his list we may add Tonkaways,
Lately there has appeared a healthy tendency Cherokees, and ancient Mexicans. Yet, notwith-
to reopen the whole matter, and to branch out standing its wide distribution in space and time,
in independent lines of thought. Mr. Grant no serious ethnic study has been made of it.
Allen's book, “The Evolution of the Idea Mr. Lang's second subject is not clearly con-
of God,” shows this tendency. Its writer claims nected with his first. Anthropologists have gen-
that it is an attempt to reconcile the ideas of erally held that the idea of a supreme, kind,
Tylor and Spencer: it really assumes a new creative being, who is worshipped, is a late con-
point of view regarding many questions, and ception in religion. It has been considered
presents a good deal of shrewd and interesting a development from the much earlier conception
original thought. And now Mr. Andrew Lang of spirits and ancestral gods. Where lower
appears with a thought - breeding book, on people mention such a being, it has been assumed
“The Making of Religion.”
that they have been influenced by Christian or
It is a pity that Mr. Lang did not write two other foreign ideas. Mr. Lang boldly lunges
little books instead of one large one. For his
For his at these time-honored theories. He collects an
material falls into two well-defined masses, astonishing lot of evidence for a contrary idea.
whose chief connection lies in both being used With him, a supreme, kind, creative being,
for assaulting, somewhat bitterly, the assump- worshipped by a people, is an ancient, almost
tions of Anthropology. His first argument has a primitive conception, preceding, perhaps, in
been somewhat shadowed forth in some of his many cases the idea of spirits. Besides his mass
earlier writings. He feels that anthropologists of evidence for the existence of ideas relative
have too much neglected a great quantity of to a supreme being among uncontaminated
curious belief, experience, and practice, which lower peoples, Mr. Lang presents a logical
he calls “x phenomena. .” Why not investi- argument against the usual view. He does not
gate such things as clairvoyance, crystal vision, actually refuse ideas regarding spirits to early
trances, and possession ? These things may not man. That primitive creature may early have
be understood, but they are real experiences, had a variety of notions in his mind: but among
and are supposedly fit subjects for investiga- his earliest original conceptions is the idea of
tion by the student of man. The best proofs a kind, creative, supreme being, whom men may
of their reality is their occurrence, with practi- worship.
cal identity, in all times and among all people. We cannot discuss Mr. Lang's book fully.
The negro clairvoyant in South Africa, the Cree To answer his argument and it must be an-
clairvoyant in Canada, and the ignorant medium swered, or prevalent ideas must be greatly mod-
in London, cannot have agreed together upon ified will task the best workers in the field
the details of a sham. Mr. Lang believes that for some time to come. The book is a bomb:
these a phenomena have strongly assisted in the it will cause some scurrying, but the effect
development of the idea of a soul. He refuses
will be good.
*THE MAKING OF RELIGION. By Andrew Lang. New
Mr. Lang has an Englishman's prejudice
York : Longmans, Green, & Co.
against foreign authorities. He knows few


394
[Dec. 1,
THE DIAL
a
American books. Much as he is interested to provoke the attacks upon him. He was not
in the firewalk and possession, he does not know only a trespasser, but his violation of Thibetan
Percival Lowell's Japanese evidence. He has law followed immediately upon several official
read Mr. George Bird Grinnell, as he ought; notifications, personally made, of the inhibition
but plainly he read the Pawnee book more care- against European investigation. He repeatedly
fully than he did the one about Blackfeet. He insulted, in the grossest manner, minor officials
knows some of the papers in the Bureau of with whom he had to deal. And he himself
Ethnology Reports, but not many. To be sure, gives abundant justification, in his account of
in this respect we must sympathize with his the misrule of the Lamas, for the law against
plaint. Referring to a voluminous report on the just such a traveller as he was. He was cer-
Ghost Dance, he says: “ Republican Govern- tainly not a friendly or an impartial visitor,
ments publish scientific matter regardless of and his hostile and aggressive attitude inevi-
expense,' and the essential points might have tably impairs somewhat the force of his obser-
been put more shortly.” The fact that our vations, and even mitigates the feeling of
government scientists appear to write “ by the outrage and horror attending the reading of his
page” is admitted, and forms some excuse for account of the cruel tortures inflicted upon
him
a busy man's not trying absolutely to read what by the Thibetans. His boastfulness is incred-
they write. Still, one loses something by not ible - almost surpassing, let us say, that of
doing so, and there is a good deal of American some of the newspaper correspondents in the
material of which Mr. Lang is ignorant which Cuban War. He gives us to understand that,
might have been used in his argument. had he not unguardedly laid down his rifle
FREDERICK STARR.
when within four days of Lhassa, he would
have gained that holy city in spite of Lamas,
soldiers, and people. At that time his follow-
ing consisted of two coolies, one a leper and
crippled; and they were without provisions.
SOME RECENT BOOKS OF TRAVEL.*
Troops of several hundreds of men, fierce in
The long-heralded and somewhat sensational their pursuit of him, bowed to the earth when
book of Mr. Henry Savage Landor, containing he confronted them with his rifle and camera,
the narrative of his strange wanderings and ter- and ran away at the first opportunity. There
rible sufferings on the mountains and plains were undoubtedly superstitions at work, and
of Thibet, is at last published, under the appro- the photographic apparatus may well have
priate title, “ In the Forbidden Land.” As was been mightier than the sword in its moral
doubtless expected, the interest of the book lies effects; but it is impossible to rid one's self
more in the author's account of his sufferings of the feeling of exaggeration. With all this,
than of his discoveries. Indeed, the reader will however, there is no more doubt of the writer's
hardly wonder that Mr. Landor did not find courage and hardihood than there is of the
his pathway through this forbidden land strewn interest of the book. What he did for science
with roses. There is no doubt that he did much he sets forth thus:
“I submit, with all deference, the following geo-
* IN THE FORBIDDEN LAND. By Henry Savage Landor.
New York: Harper & Brothers.
graphical results of my expedition:
« The solution of the uncertainty regarding the di-
A TOUR THROUGH THE FAMINE DISTRICTS OF INDIA. By
vision of the Mansarowar and Rakstal Lakes [doubtful].
F. H. S. Merewether. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
“ The ascent to so great an altitude as 22,000 feet,
THROUGH PERSIA ON A SIDE SADDLE. By Ella C. Sykes.
and the pictures of some of the great Himahlyan [sic]
Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott Co.
glaciers.
FIVE YEARS IN SIAM. By H. Warington Smyth. New
“ The visit to and the fixing of the position of the
York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
two principal sources of the Brahmaputra, never before
NINE YEARS AT THE GOLD Coast. By the Rev. Dennis
reached by a European.
Kemp. New York: The Macnuillan Co.
“ The fact that with only two men I was able to
THE GOLD COAST, PAST AND PRESENT. By George Mac-
travel for so long in the most populated [sic] part of
donald. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
Tibet."
CORONA AND CORONET. By Mabel Loomis Todd. Boston:
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
And here is a typical account of a typical
AN AMERICAN CRUISER IN THE FAR East. By John D. adventure of Mr. Landor's in the forbidden
FORD, U.S. N. New York: A. S. Barnes & Co.
country, his opponents in this instance being
A CORNER OF SPAIN. By Miriam Coles Harris. Boston:
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
brigands rather than soldiers, though identical
ROUNDABOUT RAMBLES IN NORTHERN EUROPE. By C. F.
results followed:
King. Boston: Lee & Shepard.
“ The band of dacoits approached and left the yaks


1898.]
395
THE DIAL
a
in charge of two women. When they galloped in a line potism, and subordinating everything to the
towards us, my men, with the exception of Chanden alleviation of the misery of its subject peoples ;
Sing and Mansing [the faithful twain who were with
him to the end], were paralyzed with fright.
and he writes down the following eulogy of Mr.
“ They were now a hundred yards off. With loaded
Julian Hawthorne, who has been somewhat
rifle in one hand, and my camera in the other, I effusively blamed both in England and America
advanced to meet them, knowing that, with their old- for sending out reports derogatory to the com-
fashioned matchlocks, it takes them a considerable time fort of the ruling race:
to light the fuse and fire a shot. Moreover, it is almost
“Mr. Julian Hawthorne ... made a most careful
impossible for them to fire on horseback, their weapons
being heavy and cumbersome.
and extended tour through the Central Provinces, and
other parts of the famine districts of India. He was
“I focussed them in my twin lens photographic ap-
able to devote much more time to his mission than I, in
paratus, and waited until I had them well in the field.
view of my rapid and extended tour through the length
I snapped the shot when they were only thirty yards
and breadth of the land, could compass. Since his re-
away, vaulting over their ponies in the act of dismount-
turn to the States, he has contributed a series of preg-
ing The camera, having done its work, was quickly
nant articles upon the subject, and being a man with
deposited on the ground, and the rifle shouldered. I
the trained faculty of observation very largely developed
shouted to them to put down their weapons, and to give
his statements may be accepted as the plain and unvar-
force to my request I aimed at them with my Mann-
nished facts of the case, as seen by himself in propriâ
licher.
persona.”
“A meeker lot of brigands I do not believe could be
found, though people of that kind are often brave when
It
may
be taken as true that the persons who
it is easy for them to be courageous. Their matchlocks died in spite of the strenuous efforts of the ad-
were unslung from their shoulders with remarkable ministration are those who would have been
quickness and flung to the ground, and their jewelled dead long before under a native régime. There
swords were laid by the side of their firearms. They
went down on their knees, and, taking off their
was certainly nothing in the way of relief
with
caps
both hands, put out their tongues in sign of salute and
omitted, once the famine code was declared in
submission, and I could not help taking another snap-shot operation. That there was delay in this, and
at them in that attitude, which was comical, to say the that the government did not move until the
least of it."
press became clamorous, are nothing more than
This is certainly a novel use of the deadly new examples of a familiar thing.
camera, which in this case was probably taken
The woman traveller in foreign parts is either
for a new form of Gatling gun. Mr. Landor
what has been comprehensively called since
does well to record the episode. To photo Shakespeare's time a “good fellow,” or a very
graph a squadron of horsemen charging on great bore. Miss Sykes is a good fellow; and
your front, before taking them prisoners single- the reading world may very well be glad that
handed, is a feat to make Mr. James Creel-
her brother, when appointed the British consul
man turn green with envy. He should have
to open up relations with Kerman and other
had a camera, with his pencil and spy-glass, remote parts, had the good sense to take so
when he captured his fort at El Caney. cheerful and wholesome a companion with him.
Both Mr. Merewether and the manner of Miss Sykes went “ Through Persia on a Side
his interesting book, “ A Tour through the Saddle,” as her title proclaims, and with her
Famine District of India,” assure us that he eyes wide open to a series of things which would
was connected with a newspaper (in Bombay) have escaped the slower-witted man. She
before his expedition, and that he undertook it discovered, for example, that the dreadful
by way of newsgetting, acting, as the British problem of domestic service, which we look
phrase goes, as Special Commissioner for the upon as solved in Britain, she expected to find
Reuter News-Service. He was looking for sen- solved in Persia, and with this result, as she
sations, and, by the very terms of an Indian phrases it:
famine, he had not far to seek. When found, “ Every lady in Persia with whom I discussed the
they were photographed for corroboration in servant question 'confessed to an intense irritation of
the likenesses of human beings whose hunger Orientals; and one went so far as to say that she some-
the nerves, engendered by struggling with these lazy
was apparent in every wasted muscle and
times felt as if she could have killed her cook, a par-
knotted joint. Two somewhat contradictory ticularly insolent fellow, and then · laughed to see his
things were accomplished by Mr. Merewether:
he gives us a picture of the British administra- It was a most extended journey Miss Sykes
tion in India, laying aside all its customs and undertook, and as she is the first woman to write
functions as a government in the western sense, of Kerman and Persian Baluchistan from per-
taking up instead the duties of a beneficent des- sonal observation, and enjoyed unusual oppor-
>
corpse !!"
a


396
(Dec. 1
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a
a
tunities through her brother's position, a volume mount, the friends were in the habit of slaughtering
both of interest and importance results.
a number of sheep; the number slain was supposed to be
proportionate to the wealth of the family, which was often
Siam is the home of rubies in all the glory put to great inconvenience in order to keep up appear-
of perfection, and Mr. H. Warington Smyth, ances. The fat of the slaughtered sheep was placed upon
who writes of his Five Years in Siam," was, head of the young lady (woman is hardly included in
during much of the time he describes, the direc-
Mr. Kemp's vocabulary], who was required to wear
tor of the department of the mines of the king of walking over very steep slippery slabs of stone. In the
a curiously shaped hat while she went through the test
dom. For the first time, therefore, we have event of the hat falling from her head, the unfortunate
not only an account of a matter which has long girl was sent back to her family in great disgrace. Those
been shrouded in mystery by the native rulers,
who passed the test were expected to wear the strange or-
but one written by an expert upon this very
nament during the whole of the term of their residence."
topic. He draws a likeness of the seeker after
It is expecting too much to look for scientific
precious stones which is admirable in succinct-
attainments in missionaries of the present day,
but the book would have been made much more
ness.
“ The Shâh seems by nature designed for the pursuit
valuable had Mr. Kemp had eyes for physical
of gems. He is bitten with the roving spirit, and in
as well as spiritual phenomena. As it is, it
addition he has the true instinct of the miner, to whom succeeds in presenting in the reading matter
the mineral he lives to pursue possesses a subtle charm, all the arguments in favor of such missions,
which constrains him never to rest or weary of its search
and all against them between the lines.
against all odds. The sentiment is quite different to the
avarice of the victims of a gold mania. . . The Gula All that the Rev. Mr. Kemp's book lacks
regards this as a world where man must live by his wits,
in the way of specialized information is well
and sees no harm in profiting by the want of experience made up by Mr. George Macdonald's "The
of a fellow-man. I have known a European, who gave
up a permanent post in Bangkok to go gem-mining, put
Gold Coast, Past and Present." An official of
his whole earnings into the purchase of some thousand the government, who filled more than one im.
carats of glass. The men he dealt with found that glass portant post under the Crown, Mr. Macdonald
pleased him as much as the real article, and that he was
had unusual facilities for obtaining knowledge,
ready to pay for glass ; so glass, of beauteous ruby and
sapphire colors, without a flaw, they gave him in large
as well as the ability to set down his store in
quantities."
due order, without prolixity and with a proper
Of the first value in the chapters on the mines,
sense of proportion. He even contrives to
Mr. Smyth's book is also fresh and interesting give us a clearer conception of the work of the
throughout. He does not hesitate at criticism, missionaries themselves. The most interesting
whether of his own people or another, and does
matter in the book, perhaps, is the account
not talk without saying something. The book of Lætitia Elizabeth Landon, the “L. E. L.”
“
is well indexed.
of our grandmothers, whose marriage to the
The Gold Coast Colony is that familiar spot burial within its borders, have been quite for-
governor of the Gold Coast, and her death and
in Africa which has been known for many cen-
gotten. Says Mr. Macdonald:
turies as Guinea. It is an unwholesome and a
“In the triangular courtyard of Cape Coast Castle
malarious spot, formerly celebrated for its ex-
lie the mortal remains of the poetess . . . and Presi-
ports of gold, ivory, and slaves, and since the dent Maclean. The local practice of intermural sep-
Ashanti wars famous for nothing in particular ulture was here followed, and ... a neat tablet on the
except missionaries. The Rev. Dennis Kemp
wall near by bears record of the death of the poetess,
and the survivor's grief. Mr. and Mrs. Maclean
is one of these indefatigable workers for the
landed at Cape Coast in August, 1838 (they had been
spread of Christian doctrine, and his “ Nine
married a fortnight before sailing). The poetess died
Years at the Gold Coast" describes his personal on the 15th of October, and her husband followed her
experience. He says a good word for the native, in May, 1847, to the great regret of the whole popula-
tion."
quotes with mingled shame and delight the
words of one of his dark-skinned colleagues who
The book is to be commended to those in search
urged his brethren to shun strong waters, " lest
of information concerning a region of increas-
they become as drunken as the English ” ! and ing importance.
sets down an interesting bit of savagery, thus : So happy a conjunction of men, women,
and
“ The mount [Croboe] was for the most part kept things as Mrs. Mabel Loomis Todd,
a number
sacred, as a residence for girls of the age of fourteen years of astronomers, a sea-voyage from San Fran-
and upwards. As many as 4,700 found their way there
cisco to Japan, a total eclipse, and much inter-
during 1891. The girls usually remained on the mount
for a year or eighteen months, under the care of priests
course with the strange and disappearing race
and priestesses. Previous to sending a damsel to the of Ainus, could hardly fail in making a book


1898.]
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interesting; and Mrs. Todd's “Corona and is a very interesting place to visit; twelve thousand wo-
Coronet” is interesting throughout. There
men and girls are at work. . . Here one sees all the
was nothing hackneyed about the expedition, counting, and packing in boxes, the rolls of fragrant
processes of stripping, assorting, filling, rolling, pasting,
in manner, destination, objects, incidentals, or
weed. At the noon hour and in the evening, when the
personnel ; and there is nothing stale or un- women leave the premises, they are all searched, to
profitable in Mrs. Todd's description of it. make sure that no scraps of tobacco are taken away."
She tells of the long journey made by the as- There are also some pictures of the inhabitants
tronomers from Amherst College to the land of the neighboring islands, which leave us won-
of the Ainus, for the purpose of observing the dering if some of our future “ statesmen” will
total eclipse of August 9, 1896, most of it on ever be suspected of, say, cannibalistic prac-
the yacht “Coronet,” owned by Mr. Arthur tices, in order to gain their vote. The one ob-
Curtiss James. The manner of the narrative jection to Mr. Ford's book is that it covers more
is almost colloquial, and happily so, since it ground than can possibly be done thoroughly ;
carries off a quantity of technical matters that but it is interesting nevertheless.
might otherwise be a little indigestible. But It is likely, as Mrs. Miriam Coles Harris's
it is not all colloquial, as this description of pleasant book, “A Corner of Spain,” goes far
the supreme moment of totality bears witness :
to prove, that a sympathetic picture of the
“Grayer and grayer grew the day, narrower and Spaniard is only to be drawn by one who has
narrower the crescent of shining sunlight. The sea faded
no prejudices against Roman Catholicism.
to leaden nothingness. Armies of crows which had pre-
tended entire indifference, gazing abroad upon
One of our best reasons for disliking him,
the scene,
: . flew off in a body in heavy haste. . . Sampans and quite an impersonal one, she sets forth with
junks faded together into colorlessness ; but grass
and
some shrewdness :
verdure turned suddenly vivid yellow-green. A pene- “I shall always think our prejudice against the Span-
trating chill fell across the land, as if a door had been ish is based upon their physical differences from us.
opened into a long-closed vault. It was a moment of We dislike them for their complexion, which is swarthy,
appalling suspense ; something was being waited for-
and for their features, which are forbidding. The
the very air was portentous. The circling sea-gulls treachery is a matter of coloring ; and the cruelty, of
disappeared with strange cries. One white butterfly outline. They are the kindest people in the world, and
fluttered by vaguely. Then an instantaneous darkness as honest as — nous autres."
leaped upon the world. Unearthly night enveloped all.
And in the latter part of the really interesting
“With an indescribable out-flashing at the same in-
stant, the corona burst forth in mysterious radiance.
little book she adds the following to her charac-
But dimly seen through thin cloud, it was nevertheless
terization :
beautiful beyond description, a celestial flame from • Their hospitality is frank and generous; and at the
some unimaginable heaven. Simultaneously the whole
same time, if it is gêne to them, they will not for mere
northwestern sky, nearly to the zenith, was flooded with good manners do much for you. If they have taken a
lurid and startlingly brilliant orange, across which fancy to you, or are sorry for you, they cannot do too
drifted clouds slightly darker, like flecks of liquid
much.”
flame, or huge ejecta from some vast volcanic Hades." Mrs. Harris's particular corner of Spain was
The book is handsomely designed and well illus- Málaga. Her account of it, - the almost
trated.
universal recurrence of small-pox, the total
By way of contrast with the foregoing vol.
absence of sanitation, the picturesqueness, the
umes, all of which treat of a single state or
squalor, the piety, — all serves for a picture of
,
nation and contain much original matter, is the
the Spaniard everywhere, in San Juan, Manila,
well illustrated book called “ An American
or Havana, as well as in Málaga.
Cruiser in the Far East." Its author, Mr.
Mr. Charles F. King's “ Roundabout Ram-
John D. Ford, is Fleet Engineer of the Pacific
bles in Northern Europe" is a guide-book cast
Station, and was with Dewey at Manila. His
in the form of a family journey through the
book is a summary of all he has learned by principal countries of the Continent, north of
travel and from written authorities during his the Latin line-a line which, it occurs to us, is
long sojourn in the far East, and is particularly not unlike the Mason and Dixon's line of our
valuable just now in what it has to say of the
own country before the war. The book is replete
Philippines. Here is a description of one of with photographic illustrations, and, with little
the wholly unconsidered problems which the claim to literary form, contrives to be inter-
proposed American occupancy of Manila opens esting in a catholic sort of manner, which may
for settlement:
serve its modest purpose better than many a
“Cigar manufacture is a monopoly of the government, more pretentious work.
and the manufactory covers several acres of ground. It
WALLACE RICE.
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[Dec. 1,
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a
as we
(as men of his blood and temperament Whatever advantage there may be in having a
mention have been marred by this always risky
HOLIDAY PUBLICATIONS.
experiment of colored pictures. But in the present
instance the effect is charming. The plates are in
For several seasons past the Messrs. Patnam have harmony with their setting, and they are prettily
been conspicuously in the field at this season with done and tastefully conceived in themselves — light,
in elaborate edition of a single work of Irving's. vivacious, decorative, emblematic. Then the colors
We have already had the “Darro edition of the are not too flaring, too strikingly at odds with the
“Alhambra,” the “ Agapida” “Conquest of Gran- sobriety of the printed page. The shades employed
ada,” the “ Buckthorne “ Tales of a Traveller,” are cool and subdued, and there is no suggestion of
the “Surrey” “Bracebridge Hall," and so forth. an oily vehicle, no sticky, varnishy surface — always
This season a welcome arrival is the “ Pawnee an abomination in book illustrations. How many
Edition” of the ever fresh and delightful “ Adven- pretty books have been half spoiled by those oil-
tures of Captain Bonneville.” The younger gener- cloth-like pictures, to which the tissues stick 80
ation of readers may not be so familiar as their provokingly! The initial frontispiece of the set is
fathers were with this remarkable picture of life after Zoffany's quaint portrait of Miss Austen at
and beyond the Rocky Mountain region in the sixteen — "sweet sixteen" in he case, evidently.
days when the Indian, the trapper, and the “grizzly" | Jane Austen's could hardly have been one of those
virtually were supreme. So a word as to the author cases in which genius is bestowed upon a woman
— for the book is essentially Captain Bonneville's — as compensation for a lack of physical charms. The
may not be amiss. Captain Bonneville was an officer edition is well edited by Mr. Reginald Brimley
in the American Army, who, being smitten with Johnson, who supplies an informing introductory
a thirst for far-western adventure, obtained leave sketch of the author, besides a preface of a page or
of absence in 1831 for an exploring expedition to the two to each novel, and other helpful editorial ad-
Rockies. The Captain departed on his mission, was juncts. The works are printed in their order of
engulfed in the then nearly introdden wilderness, and publication, from the text of the last editions revised
for three years nothing was heard of him. The term by the author. “ Lady Susan” is omitted,
of his leave of absence expired. At last it was con- think, judiciously. Otherwise the edition is a com-
cluded that he was dead, or that he had “turned
Indian
sometimes do), and his name was struck off the set of Jane Austen's works that is quite complete
Army List. Suddenly, in 1835, Captain Bonneville is possessed by Messrs. Little, Brown & Co.'s new
returned to civilization and applied to his superiors edition in twelve 16mo volumes. These include all
at Washington for reinstatement. It was about the novels and stories, the letters, and an extended
this time that Irving met him — first at the dinner memoir. The volumes are of a type less ornate
table of John Jacob Astor (who must have revelled and decorative than those of the Dent edition
in the Captain's “yarns”), and later at Washington, described above; but they are tastefully bound and
where he found him rewriting the notes of his won- well printed, pleasing to the eye and convenient to
derful journey and making maps of the country the hand. The set is therefore an excellent one for
traversed. The mass of manuscript thus prepared actual use, and its price is moderate. Each volume
he subsequently entrusted to Irving, who made it contains a frontispiece picture by Mr. Edmund H.
the basis of the narrative now before us. Substan- Garrett, whose drawings, as usual, are refined and
tially, this book is Captain Bonneville's Journal animated.
shaped and amplified by Irving. The “Pawnee The showy oblong volume entitled “Ships and
Edition” of it is perhaps the most important, cer- Sailors” (Stokes) makes a strong bid for popular
tainly the most ornate, one yet published. There are favor. "Jack Tar" is just now (and rightly) the
two finely printed, showily bound volumes, which national hero; and the national heart warms at once
contain in all 28 photogravure illustrations of pass- to whatever appertains to him and his ways. Mr.
able interest and quality. These represent mainly James Barnes is partly author, partly compiler of the
incidents of Indian life, and striking examples of book; and Mr. R. F. Zogbaum, who knows a ship
western scenery. In point of decoration the chief and a sailor when he sees them, is the illustrator.
feature is the pale-blue border-design of scroll-work The text consists mostly of sea-songs some of them
which encloses the text on each page as the frame new, more of them “old and choicely good,” the lat-
encloses the picture. The effect is pleasing. ter category ranging from the immortal ditties of Gay
Messrs. Dent & Co., of London, have reissued and Dibdin, to the roaring "chantry” of the nameless
their pretty ten-volume edition of “Jane Austen,' fo'ks'le bard. Mr. Barnes is the author of the newer
with added attractions, and The Macmillan Co. are songs. He has essayed to do for the “ Jackies"
its American publishers. There is nothing on our of the modern ironclad what the old song-writers did
list more enticing than these captivating little 16mo for the tarry race (now gone) who wore pig-tails, did
volumes. The special new feature of this edition is miracles with ropes and marlin-spikes, and went
the illustrations in color, about six of them to the down to the sea in real ships. Mr. Barnes's songs
volume, by Messrs. C. E. and H. M. Brock. A good ring true; they are racy, resonant, and “singable.”
many otherwise beautiful books that we could We are glad to see those fine old favorites, “Wapping


1898.]
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66
Old Stairs, “ Poor Jack,” “ The White Squall,” a song here and there, will survive." We counsel
“ Black Ball,” “Nancy Tree,” etc., included. Mr. those looking for a gift-book of the better class not
Zogbaum's pictures consist of twelve plates in colors, to overlook this attractive and worthy volume.
and twenty-six in black-and-white. Notably good Mr. W. B. Macdougall has been fairly successful
are the pictures on pages 29, 62, and 89. There is in his decoration of the thin volume containing Ros-
no need of characterizing this artist's familiar work setti's “ The Blessed Damozel” (L. C. Page & Co.).
in this field. Many of the songs, it should be added, We are glad to say that Mr. Macdougall has not
are printed with the musical notes.
attempted to illustrate the poem an attempt fore-
The Misses Maude and Genevieve Cowles deserve doomed to failure in any hands but the poet's own.
in the main hearty praise for the illustrations in That Rossetti himself might have measurably suc-
Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin and Co.'s chaste two- ceeded here is indicated by his exquisite study of
volume holiday edition of Hawthorne's "The House the head of the Blessed Damozel which forms the
of the Seven Gables." There are twenty plates in frontispiece of the present volume and consti-
all. Some of the figures are very happily con- tutes its most attractive adjunct. The stanzas are
ceived, -notably Hepzibah herself, Judge Pynch-printed one to the page, each framed in a heavy
eon, and the chance customers at the “cent shop.” black border with arabesques in white. Here Mr.
The “Miscellaneous Old Gentleman” and “Dixey" Macdougall has displayed a delicate fancy and much
are admirably done. With Phoebe, Clifford, and taste. But we repeat, we are glad he has not set his
Holgrave, the illustrators have not succeeded so pencil the hopeless task of drawing mysticism and
well. Phoebe seems at times (on page 58, for music. Even Rossetti's head seems, when we think
instance) a little wooden, while the lankness of of the Damozel of the poem, "of the earth earthy."
''
Holgrave and even of Clifford is overdone to the The text now given is the first British reprint of the
verge of caricature. But the pictorial ensemble is poem as it stood in “The Germ.” There was an
good, and we should very much like to see these American reprint in 1894, a private one of twenty-
refined and sympathetic illustrators try their hands five copies done by the DeVinne Press for Mr.
at an edition of “The Scarlet Letter.” The vol- C. L. Williams, as we learn from Mr. W. M. Rog-
umes are gotten up in the best taste, the delicate setti's interesting introduction to this volume. The
yet practical bindings calling for special mention. book is a pretty one, and should find friends.
As a gift-book for a fastidious friend of literary Amateur photographers who make a serious study
tastes, few things of the season are more suitable of their favorite pursuit will be glad to learn that
than Miss Elizabeth L. Cary’s “ Tennyson; his Mr. W. Lincoln Adams, author of “Sunlight and
Homes, his Friends, and his Work” (Putnam). Shadow," has followed up that excellent manual
The volume is a handsomely appointed large octavo, with a similar and supplementary volume, entitled
of sumptuous yet substantial pictorial attractions, “In Nature's Image” (Baker & Taylor), in which
consisting mainly of photogravure portraits of the he leads the reader“ a little farther along the pleas-
poet's friends — Hallam, Spedding, Jowett, Brown- ant paths of pictorial photography.” In the volume
ing, Carlyle, Irving, Dean Bradley, etc. Other first named, it may be remembered, the treatment
plates show the different homes of Tennyson, the was confined to landscape photography alone, to the
Memorial at Freshwater, and Rossetti's and Hunt's exclusion of the more advanced and perhaps more
drawings of St. Cecily and The Lady of Shalott. difficult work of figure composition, portraiture, and
The frontispiece is after Watt's noble portrait of the kindred subjects. Mr. Adams now proceeds to dis-
poet. Miss Cary's text is an outline sketch of cuss, in separate chapters, Landscape and Figures
Tennyson's life, so thickly studded throughout with (work in which the figures are small and merely
critical estimates of his character and work, quoted accessory to the landscape); Figures and Land-
from various sources, foreign as well as English, that scape (work wherein the figures form the principal
,
it is perhaps not unfair to style it an ordered feature and the landscape the setting or background
anthology in this kind. The author's own contri- only); Genre; Telling a Story; The Nude; Por-
bution in the way of narrative and appreciation is traiture at Home; Children; Flower Photography ;
graceful, sympathetic, and discriminating. Tenny. Interiors. It will be seen that in his two volumes
sonians will be glad to find in Miss Cary's pages the author has covered the ground pretty thor-
certain matter hitherto unpublished, or not widely oughly, so far as the selection of subjects is con-
published, - notably a letter (for which we must cerned. Mr. Adams, we need scarcely say, is
thank Professor Norton) touching Tennyson's himself an expert with the camera as the three
introduction to this country; a review of “ Tbe examples of his work included in the volume attest;
Princess" by Lowell, and extracts from French and and each chapter contains practical suggestions
German critiques. German appreciation of Tenny. based on years of experience in the different branches
son is usually a little cold. Herr Bleibtreu, for of photography. The volume is a rather sumptuous
instance, denies that he was a poet “in the higher flat quarto, full gilt, and neatly boxed. The text is
and highest sense of the word,” and finds that while handsomely printed on rather thick paper glazed to
his roses have no thorns, they also, like the Bengal the degree required by the exigencies of the picture-
roses, have no scent. Herr Engel thinks that " of making. There are ninety-three plates in all, full-
Tennyson's many volumes, very little, perhaps only page and vignette, the selected work of many camera
9
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experts. Some of the specimens are very beautiful, which happily differs from the greater number of
and the collection as a whole is varied and interest- Mr. Mosher's publications in being both sanctioned
ing. The work forms a pretty and tasteful gift- and arranged for publication by the author. The
book for anyone, and an especially suitable one for “ Bibelot” series receives no accessions this year.
a friend with a bent for photography.
Mr.J.W.Mackail's prose translation of the Eclogues
A happy thought is tastefully embodied in Esther of Virgil is a little book belonging to no series. It
Singleton's " Turrets, Towers, and Temples” (Dodd, has a distinctive style of its own, marked by a dec-
Mead & Co.). The author has selected, with good orative border on each page, a cover design, and a
literary judgment, passages from the writings of photogravure frontispiece. Mr. Swinburne's "Hep-
“
famous authors wherein are described the most cele- talogia, or the Seven against Sense,” is a reprint
brated buildings of Europe and the Orient. These that is peculiarly welcome. First published in 1880,
passages form the suggestive and sometimes instruc- it had no name upon its title-page, but the author.
tive setting for the well executed photographic ship soon became an open secret. It is a collection
plates, whereof there are forty-eight. The author of the best verse parodies ever written, their vic-
has aimed to make her selections from the works of tims being Tennyson, Browning, Whitman, Patmore,
such writers as have felt and expressed the romantic Lord Lytton, Rossetti, and Mr. Swinburne himself.
spirit, as well as the architectural beauty and grand- The poet is thus himself the only survivor of a
eur, of the edifices described. The description of group all of whose members were living at the time
St. Mark's, at Venice, for instance, is from Ruskin; of the original publication. Not inappropriately,
that of Antwerp Cathedral is from Thackeray; the the piece called “Disgust: A Dramatic Mono-
Kremlin, from Gautier; the Escurial, from De logue,” which is in quite the same vein of humorous
Amicis; Strasburg Cathedral, from Victor Hugo; mockery, is also reprinted. It parodies Tennyson's
the Temples of Nikko, Japan, from Loti; the Taj “ Despair,” which was published in a review, No-
Mahal, from André Chevrillon; and so on. The vember, 1881. The parody followed promptly one
book is for the general reader and the lover of good month later. The most important of Mr. Mosher's
literature, rather than the professional architect- reprints, as we have already hinted, is the one re-
though the latter may well relish these eloquent maining for description. It is nothing less than
tributes to the masterpieces of his profession. With “ The Germ," reproduced without abridgment,
one exception, the translations are done by the com- etchings and all, with facsimiles of the original
piler of the book; and they are well done.
wrappers. Nothing has been spared to make this
Mr. Thomas B. Mosher's dainty publications are, edition all that the most exacting bibliophile could
as usual, among the more desirable books of the ask, as well as all that could be wished by the pur-
season, whether for holiday gifts or for the collec- chaser who values “The Germ” chiefly for its
tions of bibliophiles. This year there are thirteen importance in the history of Victorian literature,
of them, including one of greater importance than and who welcomes it as a long-desired part of his
anything heretofore attempted by the publisher. literary apparatus rather than as a choice example
Beginning our enumeration with the smallest of of bookmaking. This little periodical,“ « The Germ,'
them all, we have to mention six additions to the the seed which put forth two cotyledons, and then
“ Brocade" series of booklets printed on Japan called itself • Art and Poetry,' and put forth two
vellum. Four of the six are “ Imaginary Portraits” more little leaves, and then seemed to die," has a
by Walter Pater, their subjects being Denys l'Aux place in English literary history that cannot fail to
errois, Sebastian van Storck, Duke Carl of Rosen- suggest the place occupied in our own by the orig-
mold, and Watteau, “A Prince of Court Painters." inal “ Dial.” It is true that the motive was art in
The other two are “Quattrocentisteria,” a chapter the one case and philosophy in the other, that four
from Mr. Maurice Hewlett's “Earthwork out of thin numbers made up the sum of “The Germ,"
Tuscany,” and “The Tale of King Florus and the while “ The Dial” lived to complete four volumes ;
fair Jehane,” as translated from “ the ancient but a common spirit animated the two ventures, and
French” by William Morris. To the “Old World” a large proportion of the contents of each was des-
series, which now numbers fourteen volumes, four tined to take a place in the permanent literature of
additions are made this year.
Rossetti's 6 House the two countries neither knowing its own prophets
of Life” reprints the entire sequence of 102 sonnets. until long afterwards. How germinal was “ The
Mr. George Meredith's “ Modern Love,” which was Germ” is evident enough from an inspection of the
Mr. Mosher's first publication, is here reissued, with work which it included. Rossetti's “Blessed Dam-
additional pieces taken from the “Poems” of 1851 ozel,” “Hand and Soul,” and “Sonnets for Pic-
and later volumes, together with the great “Ode tures," his sister Christina's “ Dreamland," and
on France.” Here we get the real Meredith, not other lyrics, and the poems by Thomas Woolner,
the fantastic maker of verbal puzzles that recent Coventry Patmore, and W. Bell Scott, are all, if
readers chiefly know. “ The Story of My Heart," not classical themselves, at least pregnant with
by Richard Jefferies, and “Underneath the Bough,” promise. “ How strange it seems, and new” to
by “ Michael Field,” are the two other books added read them here, in this modest setting, when we
to this series. The first of the two needs no com- think of the significance of the names attached to
ment; the second is a book of lyrics, new and old, them. How strange, too, to read these critical re-


1898.]
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um
views of early volumes of Clough and Arnold and (while rifling his pockets): “Lie still, — lie still,
Browning. By way of specification, we may say I beseech you! All wise men are fatalists; and no
that the present reprint (which is not a facsimile, proverb is more pithy than that which says, What
and extends to some twenty pages more than the can't be cured must be endured. Little, perhaps,
original) is enriched by a preface, by James Ash- do you think that you are performing one of the
croft Noble, “A Pre-Raphaelite Magazine," as it noblest functions of humanity” - and so forth, for
was written for an English periodical in 1882, an a quarter of a page. But Turpin was not Jesse
appendix giving the two later recensions of “The James, and he seems, like the “Prince of Darkness,"
Blessed Damozel," a number of helpful notes, and to have been “a gentleman.” It must have been
by an index which identifies the writers of all the almost a pleasure to be robbed so genteelly. The pres-
poems and papers comprised in the four issues of ent volume is a sizable one, presentably gotten up
“The Germ.” Except for the special interest at- throughout, and embellished with etchings (including
taching to first editions, this reprint is a far more a profile portrait of the author) by Mr. W. H. Bick-
desirable possession than a set of the original num- nell after the designs of Mr. W. L. Taylor. The
bers, and Mr. Mosher is a public benefactor in cover is of blue ribbed cloth stamped in gold.
furnishing for five dollars what has hitherto been A less venturesome issue than the above is the same
unattainable for less than fifty. The mechanical firm's holiday edition of Bulwer's ever readable
execution of the volume is in every way dignified “Strange Story," made up in uniform style with the
and beautiful.
“ Paul Clifford,” and illustrated by the same artists.
The egotism that peeps through more than one of Of the enthralling interest and weird motif of this
the essays composing Dr. Charles C. Abbott's little strong novel, we need not speak. The new edition
book, " Clear Skies and Cloudy” (Lippincott), is is likely to find favor.
not the sweet and engaging egotism of Montaigne. Miss Neltje Blanchan's “ Birds that Hunt and are
For one who has communed much with Nature and Hunted” (Doubleday & McClure Co.) is a work
worshipped alone in her temple in season and out of which we especially welcome, because it serves as
season, Dr. Abbott appears to fidget a good deal a cogent pictorial tract in aid of the current crusade
about what the world is likely to think of him. against a form of vandalism that has been causing
The moment he scents a probable critic in his the rapid disappearance of bird-life in the United
reader (which is pretty often) he is all prickles, like States and Canada. People are now awakening to
a hedgehog. He serves notice in his preface that the fact that, owing mainly to the prevalence of a
he doesn't
care two straws what we may say of tasteless and really barbarous fashion in dress the
him, and that he proposes to go his own lonely way most beautiful of our American birds are in immi-
in spite of us. This we are entirely willing he nent danger of extermination. As the writer of the
should do, so long as he will continue to give us preface to this volume observes, “ It seems incred-
papers as fresh, suggestive, and stimulating as those
ible that any
in this enlightened and
in his present volume. Dr. Abbott is a writer of the refined age could be induced to wear an ornament
tribe of Jeffries, Burroughs, White, - excellent that has cost the life of so beautiful a creature as an
teachers all. Nature out-of-doors is his theme, and egret, a scarlet tanager, or a Baltimore oriole.”
he has studied it closely and loves it well. Some of That such ornaments are worn is of course due to
the titles are: “Frost Foliage,” “A Morning in
“A Morning in thoughtlessness rather than cruelty. The fashion
May,” “My Elm-Tree Oriole,” “Christmas Out of endures because its barbarity and its deplorable
Doors," “In Deep, Dark Woods.”
There are
results are not clearly apprehended by those who
twenty-three papers in all. The volume is one of
The volume is one of follow it. Therefore the fact should be brought
the most tasteful of the smaller ones of the season, home to the popular understanding, that every
and contains nineteen charming illustrations in woman who parades the streets with her head-gear
photogravure.
“ decorated” with the spoils of these slaughtered
A holiday edition of Bulwer Lytton's “ Paul innocents is an abettor and a supporter of the
Clifford” is issued by Messrs. Dana Estes & Co. dreadful traffic that is fast robbing rural nature in
At first blush the experiment seems a hardy one. this country of one of its rarest and sweetest
But modern taste in fiction is capricious, and there charms. As long as there is a