original material of our history, ranging all the
Co. The importance of the work is sufficiently guar-
way from the voyages of Columbus to the Spanish- anteed by the names attached to it. They include
American war. The selections are judiciously made,
Professors A. C. McLaughlin, H. B. Adams, A. B. Hart,
edited, and annotated; the introductory chapters for
and H. Morse Stephens.
teachers are of the most helpful sort, and the book is The seventh volume to be published in the series of
sold at so low a price that no secondary school in which “ Literatures of the World," as edited by Mr. Edmund
American history is taught can find a reasonable ex Gosse, is “A History of Bohemian Literature," by
cuse for not employing it as an adjunct to the regular Francis, Count Lützow (Appleton). Since Bohemian
manual.
writers, excepting Huss and Comenius, are all but abso-
The “ Lebensgeschichte ” of Johann Heinrich Jung, lutely unknown to English readers, the author of this
genaunt Stilling, has been edited by Mr. Sigmon M. volume has departed from the general plan of the series
Stern for Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. This is a pecu-
in giving a large amount of space to translated extracts.
liarly timely publication, in view of the approaching Psychology reduced to its lowest terms is what we
Goethe anniversary, and the book is a welcome addition find in “ An Outline Sketch of Psychology for Begin-
to the texts available for school use. A “Second Year ners," issued by the Open Court Publishing Co. That
in German,” by Mr. I. Keller, is a recent publication of the work is sound in principle and modern in treatment
the American Book Co., who also send us a small book may safely be inferred from the fact that it is written
of “French Sight Reading," prepared by Mr. L. C. by Professor H. M. Stanley. If it be advisable (which
Rogers. We may mention, too, the neat text of Mol we doubt) to attempt the instruction of children in
ière's “ Le Misanthrope," edited for Messrs. D. C. Heath psychology, this little manual of forty pages may be
& Co. by Dr. Charles A. Eggert.
recommended.


1899.)
81
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LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 56 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY.
The Beacon Biographies. Edited by M. A. DeWolfe Howe.
First vols.: Robert E. Lee, by William P. Trent; David
G. Farragut, by James Barnes; Daniel Webster, by Nor
man Hapgood ; Phillips Brooks, by M. A. DeWolfe Howe;
J.R. Lowell, by Edward E. Halo, Jr. Each with photo-
gravure portrait, 24mo, gilt top, uncut. Small, Maynard,
& Co. Per vol., 76 ets.
Cromwell as a soldier. By Lieut. Col. T. S. Baldock, P.S.C.
With maps, 8vo, uncut, pp. 538. Wolseley Series."
Charles Scribner's Sons. $6.
Andrew Melville. By William Morison. 12mo, pp. 156.
“Famous Scots." Charles Scribner's Sons. 75 cts.
HISTORY.
The History of South Carolina under the Royal Govern-
ment, 1719-1776. By Edward McCrady. With map, 8vo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 847. Macmillan Co. $3,50.
La Guerre de Sept Ans: Histoire Diplomatique et Mili-
taire. Par Richard Waddington. 8vo, uncut, pp. 755.
Paris : Firmin-Didot et Cie. Paper,
A History of Westminster College. By Arthur F. Loach,
M.A. Illus., 12mo, uncut, pp. 564. Charles Scribner's
Song. $1.50.
The Study of History in Schools: Report to the American
Historical Association by the Committee of Seven. 12mo,
pp. 267. Macmillan Co. 50 cts.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The Sunken Bell: A Fairy Play in Five Acts. By Gerhart
Hauptmann; freely rendered into English verse by Charles
Henry Meltzer. 12mo, uncut, pp. 125. R. H. Russell. $1.
The Morality of the Profession of Letters. By Robert
Louis Stevenson. 24mo, uncut, pp. 47. Gouverneur, N. Y.:
Brothers of the Book.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
Agnes Gray. By Anne Brontë; with a Memoir of her Sis-
ters by Charlotte Brontë. **Thornton” edition; with
photogravure frontispiece, 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 302.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.
Temple Classics. New vol.: North's Plutarch's Lives,
Vol. VI. With photogravure frontispiece, 24mo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 358. Macmillan Co, 50 cts.
Cassell's National Library, New Series. New vols.: Scott's
The Lady of the Lake, Macaulay's Warren Hastings,
Addison's Essays and Tales, Goldsmith's Comedies,
Carlyle's Essays on Burns and Scott, Franklin's Auto-
biography. Each 24mo. Cassell & Co., Ltd. Per vol.,
paper, 10 ots.
POETRY.
Myth and Romance: Being a Book of Verses. By Madison
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FICTION.
In Castle and Colony. By Emma Raynor. 12mo, gilt top,
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Rupert, by the Grace of God -: The Story of an Unre-
corded Plot Set Forth by Will Fortescue. Edited and re-
vised by Dora Greenwell McChesney. With frontispiece,
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Agatha Webb. By Anna Katharine Green. 12mo, pp. 360.
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25.
The Kingdom of Hate: A Romance. By T. Gallon. 12mo,
pp. 307. D. Appleton & Co, $1.; paper, 50 cts.
A Silent Singer. By Clara Morris. 12mo, pp. 308. Bren-
tano's. $1.25.
The Untold Half. By “Alien." 12mo, pp. 373. G. P.
Putnam's Sons. $1.25 ; paper, 50 ots.
Equality. By Edward Bellamy. Popular edition. With
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A Ducal Skeleton: A Story of the Time. By Heloise Durant
Rose. 12mo, pp. 252. É. Tennyson Neely. $1.25.
Queer Luck: Poker Stories from the New York Sun. By
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The Arcadians. By H. C. Minchin. 12mo, unout, pp. 151.
Oxford, England: B. H. Blackwell.
Pabo, the Priest. By S. Baring-Gould. 12mo, pp. 274. F.A..
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The Ides of March. By Florie Willingham Pickard. 12mo,
pp. 232. F. Tennyson Neely. $1.
NEW VOLUMES IN THE PAPER LIBRARIES.
F. Tennyson Neely's Universal Library: The Caruthers
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Street & Smith's Eagle Library: A Crushed Lily. By
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THEOLOGY AND RELIGION.
Holy Baptism. By Darwell Stone, M.A. 12mo. uncut,
pp. 303. “Oxford Library of Practical Theology." Long-
mans, Green, & Co. $1.50.
An Introduction to the Fifth Book of Hooker's Treatise
of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity. By the Very Rev.
Francis Paget, D.D. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 265. Oxford
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A Handbook of Comparative Religion. By Rev. S. H.
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The Fundamental Ideas of the Roman Catholic Church,
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By Frank Hugh Foster, Ph.D. 12mo, pp. 366. Presby.
terian Board of Publication.
The First Epistle of Jobn; or, God Revealed in Life, Light,
and Love. By Robert Cameron. 12mo, pp. 274. Phila-
delphia: A. J. Rowland. $1.25.
The Conversion of the Maoris. By the Rev. Donald Mac-
Dougall, B.D. Illus., 12mo, uncut, pp. 216. Philadelphia:
Presbyterian Board of Publication. $1.25.
Things that Make a Man. By Robert E. Speer. 16mo,
pp. 28. Philadelphia: Westminster Press. Paper,
SCIENCE.
The Races of Europe: A Sociological Study. By William
Z. Ripley, Ph.D. In 2 vols., illus., 8vo. D. Appleton &
Co. $6.
Authority and Arcbæology, Sacred and Profane: Essays
on the Relation of Monuments to Biblical and Classical
Literature. By various writers; edited by David G.
Hogarth. 8vo, unout, pp. 440. Scribner's Sons. $5.
Naturalism and Agnosticism: Gifford Lectores Delivered
before the University of Aberdeen, 1896–98. By James
Ward, Sc.D. In 2 vols., 8vo, gilt top, uncut. Macmillan
Co. $4.
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
When Grandmamma Was Now: The Story of a Virginia
Childhood. By Marion Harland. Illus., 12mo, pp. 305.
Lothrop Publishing Co. $1.25.
Uncle Sam's Soldiers: A Story of the War with Spain. By
Oscar Phelps Austin. Illus. in colors, etc., 12mo, pp. 346.
Home Reading Books." D. Appleton & Co. 75 cts.
Stick-and-Pea Plays: Pastimes for the Children's Year.
By Charles Stuart Pratt. Illas., 12mo, pp. 112. Lothrop
Publishing Co. 75 cts.
EDUCATION.-BOOKS FOR 'SCHOOL AND
COLLEGE.
Educational Aims and Educational Values. By Paul
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Co. $1.
New Plane and Solid Geometry. By Wooster Woodruff
Beman and David Eugene Smith. 12mo, pp. 382. Ginn
& Co. $1.35.
Ten Orations of Cicero. With Selections from the Let-
ters. Edited by William R. Harper, Ph.D., and Frank
A. Gallup, A.B. Illus., 12mo, pp. 566. American Book
Co. : $1.30.
Jung-Stilling's Lebensgeschichte. Von Sigmon M. Stern.
12mo, pp. 285. Henry Holt & Co. $1.20.
Lysias: Ten Selected Orations. Edited by William H. Wait,
Ph.D. With portrait, 12mo, pp. 240. American Book Co.
$1.25.
66


82
(Aug. 1,
THE DIAL
Plant Life: A First Book of Botany. By John M. Coulter,
Illus., 12mo, pp. 264. D. Appleton & Co. $1.10 net.
Clay Modelling for Schools. By Anna M. Holland. Illus.,
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Psychology for Beginners: An Outline Sketch. By
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Co, 40 cts.
George Eliot's Silas Marper. Edited by E. L. Gulick.
With portrait, 24mo, pp. 216. Macmillan Co. 23 cts.
Easy Steps in Spelling. By M. W. Hazen, M.A. First
book; 12mo, pp. 96. Gion & Co. 20 cts.
Chamisso's Peter Schlemibl. Trans. by Frederic Henry
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Ginn & Co. 35 ots.
La Grammaire: Comédie en un Acte. Par Eugène Labiche;
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Our Conquests in the Pacific. By Oscar King Davis.
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Drawing for Printers: A Practical Treatise. By Ernest
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With excellent Illustrations by Harrison Fisher.
12mo, cloth. Price, $1.50.
FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY, PUBLISHERS,
5 & 7 EAST SIXTEENTH STREET, NEW YORK.


86
[Aug. 16, 1899.
THE DIAL
ELEVENTH EDITION. SEVENTIETH THOUSAND.
“ Must be put among the best of recent American historical novels."— SPRINGFIELD REPUBLICAN.
RICHARD
CARVEL
Published
Cloth.
June 1.
By Winston Churchill.
Price, $1.50.
« Mr. Churchill knows his London of the last cen “ To say that it reminds us of The Virginians ' is to
tury thoroughly, just as he knows the province of Mary make an audacious comparison, but one which will nat-
land, where the spirit of revolution is slowly but surely rally occur to many readers. That · Richard Carvel'
developing. . . . Goldsmith does not give a more vivid is able to stand the comparison is a great feather in Mr.
description of the debtor's jail or De Quincey of the piti-
Churchill's cap.
In short, this is a strong and
less heart of the metropolis than is found in the volume notable novel.” — The News and Courier (Charleston,
before us.
- Indianapolis Sentinel.
S. C.).
“ This novel is the most extensive piece of semi “ The charm of the book, which is very great, lies in
historical fiction which has yet come from an American the vividness of its pictures of the life of London and
hand; and the skill with which the materials have the colonies in those picturesque days. The characters
been bandled justifies the largeness of the plan." are alive. One feels as if conning the pages of some old
HAMILTON MABIE in the New York Times.
volume of the Spectator.'” – Washington T'imes.
BRILLIANT PICTURES OF COLONIAL LIFE.
“ The young writer, with his head full of the great “ The style achieves the direct, smart, frank, quaint
piling up merits. Thus, the author of Richard Carvel, fully attempted.” — Boston Transcript.
in setting out to write a romance of the American Revo “Cooper, in • The Spy,' was the first to show the wealth
lution, has boldly vied with the author of Kidnapped' in of interesting material in the Revolution, and his broadly
the usurping uncle and the kidnapping of Richard by the blazed trail has been followed in recent years with great
slaver, with the author of The Virginians' in his pictures success by Dr. Weir Mitchell, Archdeacon Brady, and
of the colonial gentry and the visit of the young colonial J. A. Altsheler. . . . To this small circle of writers of
to the fashionable life of London, with the author of Henry American historical romance must now be added Winston
Esmond' in the description of a reigning London beauty, Churchill.” - San Francisco Chronicle.
with the romancers of the sea in the fight of John Paul “Mr. Churchill has done that almost impossible thing,
Jones with the slaver and with the Serapis."— Spring in introducing historical personages into a work of fic-
field Republican.
tion and vitalizing them so that they seem very flesh
« « Richard Carvel' may in time become a classic of and blood, and not mere shadows." -- St. Louis Globe-
Maryland's romantic history.”- The Bookman.
Democrat.
A PERMANENT ADDITION TO AMERICAN LITERATURE.
“ It is a further cause for congratulation that one “ It is a daring thing that Winston Churchill has done
more of our younger school of writers has been able to in his novel, Richard Carvel, to tread the path made
add another volume to the shelf, so vigorous, so delicate smooth by Thackeray, and, withal, to do it so well that
in fancy, so sentient with the qualities which make life one is forced to admire the resemblance. . . . The interest
worth living as · Richard Carvel'is. It is a great story." | in the story never flags, whether the scene is the Lon-
- The Brooklyn Eagle.
don of Walpole's day, Maryland of Lord Baltimore's
“ It contains besides a score of characters which are day, or on the sea. Dorothy Manners is nearly if not
worth remembering, and a few which one could not quite as lovable as Beatrice Esmond, for she has the
forget if one should try."— Commercial Advertiser (New saving grace of honesty, and as for Richard Carvel, he
York).
is quite as much a hero in London as was • The Vir-
“ The adoption of the autobiographic form, the good ginian,' for he compelled respect, which Thackeray's
natured diffuseness of the story, the antique nobility of America and London was not always able to do. This
the style, as well as the locality, remind the reader of is the best-written novel we have seen for a long time,
· Henry Esmond.'' - Picayune (New Orleans).
and really deserves all the success it attains."— The
“There is, indeed, an indescribable charm about all the
Indianapolis News.
author's sketches of London celebrities.”—Philadelphia «« Richard Carvel'is one of the most brilliant works
Evening Telegraph.
of imagination of the decade."— Philadelphia Press.
RICHARD CARVEL. By Winston Churchill.
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK.


THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGR
.
.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of literary affairs, “ I have never had to dwell at
each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage
prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries
any length upon books on art, for the simple
comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must reason that our writers have been persistently
be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the
current number. REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by express or
neglectful of this branch of literature. Within
postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and
the last twelvemonth their views seem to have
for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; changed, for the output of art books has per-
and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATEs furnished
haps been far greater than ever before, and is
on application. All communications should be addressed to
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
all the more striking as it includes the two
most important publications of the whole season.
No. 316. AUGUST 16, 1899. Vol. XXVII. First stands • Italia,' an attractive - externally
and internally attractive — volume of studies
CONTENTS.
in Italian art by Mr. Albert Berzeviczy.” Sec-
ond comes the two folio volumes on “Hunga-
A YEAR OF CONTINENTAL LITERATURE, II. . 87 rian Art Treasures," edited by Mr. E. de
Radisics. Three volumes are yet to come, and
POET, ARTIST-MANUFACTURER, AND SO-
CIALIST. E. G. J. Wome morrus: 90 Mr. Jokai introduces the publication. History
comes next on the list, and the writer notes
THE ENDLESS EPIC QUESTION. Albert H. Tolman 94
progress in several important many-volumed
STUDIES IN COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE. undertakings, besides announcing the “Great
Dwight H. Perkins
97
Illustrated History of the World,” a collabo-
CONGRESSIONAL REGULATION OF COMMERCE. rative publication in twelve volumes, under the
James O. Pierce
editorship of Mr. Henrik Marczali. Fiction
embraces the “Story of a Girl," by Mr. F.
PEACE, WAR, AND HISTORY. Wallace Rice . 99
Johnston's History Up to Date.-Stead's The United Herczeg ; “ The Silver Goal,” by Mr. Brody;
States of Europe. – McCabe and Darien's Can We “Uneven Wednesdays,” by Mr. Szomabazy ;
Disarm? - Farrer's The New Leviathan, — True-
and “ Autumn Hunting,” by Mr. Arpad Berc-
blood's The Federation of the World.
zik. The latter, who is also a successful writer
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
101
of comedies, “ takes his subjects from common-
Experiences of a Texas Ranger. - The literary his-
tory of Ireland. - Who's Who in America. - The
place life; this offers quite enough matter for
new periodical de luxe. – A modern pastoral. – banter. He is a serene, smiling, quiet observer,
Women and golf.-Stars and Telescopes. Ballads who takes Horace's advice, ridendo dicere
for book-lovers. A composite life of Gladstone.
verum, and he invariably writes in the most
LITERARY NOTES
103
amiable style.” He has also produced this
LIST OF NEW BOOKS .
104 year a comedy, “Himfy's Songs,” in his best
style. Other dramatic works are two by Mr.
Jokai, and two by Mr. Herczeg. Allied with
A YEAR OF CONTINENTAL this subject are Mr. Joseph Bayer's “ History
LITERATURE.
of Hungarian Dramatic Literature" and Mr.
Szüry's “ Dramatic Impressions,” dealing
Continuing from our last issue the summary, chiefly with Shakespeare. Mr. Albert Popipi's
based upon reports written for the London “Byron and Shelley” shows, at least, that the
“ Athenæum,” of the literary productivity of interest of Hungarians in English literature is
the past year in Continental Europe, we now not confined to our greatest poet.
present the facts of chief importance for Hun. The year's literary harvest in Italy, we are
gary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Russia, and Spain. told at the outset, has been neither prosperous
The writers who have furnished them are, re nor abundant. “Hailstorms and drought have
spectively, Herr Leopold Katscher, Signor ruined the crops and impeded the productive-
Guido Biagi, Herr C. Brinchmann, Professor ness of the soil, restricting the yield almost
Adam Belcikowski, Mr. Constantine Balmont, entirely to learned works or occasional writ.
and Don Rafael Altamira.
ings.” The riots of a year ago, and the various
“ Hitherto,” says the writer upon Hungarian centenaries of the past twelvemonth have been
II.


88
(Aug. 16,
THE DIAL
97
partly responsible for this result. “ We have “ The Florentine committee of the Italian Dante
commemorated Amerigo Vespucci and Paolo
Society has renewed, in the historic hall of Or San
Toscanelli, Savonarola, Leopardi, Moretto of explanation of the Divina Commedia,' which began in
Michele — now dedicated to Dante — the reading and
Brescia, Bernini, and these celebrations have
the poet's own city by Boccaccio in 1373, and ceased
involved a shower of speeches, biographical fifteen years ago, with the death of Father G. B. Giu-
writings, critical studies and occasional mono-
liani. Every Thursday from November to June, a canto
graphs which now take the place of those poems
of the poem is read and explained - every time by a
fresh commentator. The first canto, after the expla-
under which, in former times, the printing nation, was recited by Signor Tommaso Salvini. The
presses used to groan, substituting for the best-known Dante scholars, such as Signori Pio Rajna,
Arcadia of poetry another boredom, the Ar Guido Mazzoni, Corrado Ricci, have recently inaugu-
cadia of erudition."
rated this new Dante professorship. In next November
and the following months the readings will be given
“The Italo-American centenary dedicated to Tosca-
by Signori Carducci, Del Lungo, Panzacchi, Casini, and,
nelli and Vespucci has produced one good volume, the
in short, the most illustrious men, who count it an honour
Life of Amerigo Vespucci,' written originally by Signor
to render this homage to the poet and the Baptist's city."
A. M. Bandini, published under the superintendence of
the committee for the Florence celebrations. The Sa- | Critical literature is chiefly represented by
vonarola centenary, besides the annual flowering of roses studies in Dante from the hands of Signor Pio
in the Piazza della Signoria (on the day of the historic Rajna and Signor Nidoro del Lungo, by Pro-
bonfire), has produced the excellent selection from the
works of Savonarola published by Professor Villari and
fessor Lisio's edition of the “ Principe," and
Signor E. Casanova, to which volume the publishers by Signor Carducci's edition of the “Rime”
have added the Cronaca' of Filipepi, the brother of of Petrarch. The latter is “a work gathering
Alessandro Botticelli, a new and important document up the results of forty years' study of Petrarch,
of the Reformer's times. The Leopardi centenary has
yielded a still better harvest. Apart from the speeches completed by the poet with admirable perse-
I should mention some publications of prime importance
verance
a work indeed above the average,
for the study of the poet of Recanati: in the first place, both in its method and in its abundant stores
Signor Giosuè Carducci's volume, Form and Spirit in the of learning, sifted and discussed with critical
Poems of Giacomo Leopardi,' and in the next, Signor and artistic taste. No one will henceforth care
Federico di Roberto's psychological study entitled. Leo
pardi,' which is in reality the history of a soul — the soul
to read Petrarch except under the guidance of
of the unhappy poet. We have also the long-expected Carducci.” Classical studies have been numer-
• Pensieri Inediti di G. Leopardi,' edited by a government ous, and the interest taken in them at the pres-
commission from MSS. formerly in the possession of ent time is well illustrated by the following:
Antonio Ranieri, claimed by the government on grounds
of public utility. Three volumes of these · Pensieri'
" Very curious is a bi-monthly published at Rome
have already seen the light, and seven more are to fol- (bis in mense prodit) under the title of Vox Urbis,'
low. This work, hitherto unknown, reveals the whole
written entirely in Latin. The editor prefers prose
development of the poet's mind; it forms, as it were, a
writings (soluta oratione); those in verse (numeris fusa)
forest of thoughts and reflections which are the raw
are condemned to the waste-paper basket, which here
material of the work afterwards matured and polished
appears as cistellula. This shows that the love of Latin
by Leopardi in such artistic perfection.
is not dead among us, and this is confirmed by another
circumstance, still more grotesque: the Rivista d'Italia'
Just now in Italy, lectures and public readings publishes an elegant Latin ode by the octogenarian
take the place of books for many people. Senator G. B. Giorgini under the title . In Bicyclettam.'"
“A most intimate friend of mine affirms that the lec-
In miscellaneous literature there is a second
ture is the bicycle of literature: it has created a sportive
volume of General della Rocca's autobiography,
literature, a literature of diversion, easily digested, and
often limited in aim. Time was when Italy was the and a volume by Signor de Amicis, entitled
country of academies; a century ago they were counted “La Carrozza di Tutti," which studies “the
by hundreds. Now it threatens to become the classic physiology of city life as it can be observed
land of lectures. . . . At Florence, for the last ten
from a tramcar." The best verse of the year
years, there has been going on a series of lectures on
* La Vita Italiana'at various periods, beginning with
is found in volumes by Signori Angelo Orvieto
the least known of mediæval times. The most illus and Alfredo Baccelli. Novels and short stories
trious Italian men of letters, and some foreigners, includ of any value are almost non-existent. As for
ing Symonds and · Vernon Lee,' have contributed to this
the stage, all other interests are overshadowed
work, which, carrying out a design prepared beforehand
by the promoting committee, constitutes a complete by that taken in Signor d'Annunzio's La
course on the history of Italian culture, and which, pub- Gioconda.” In this play the author " has
lished in volume form, is now in the hands of all — of pu striven to bring back poetry where a grotesque
pils in secondary schools as well as of private students."
realism has prevailed too long. A noble at-
Dante has by no means been neglected in these tempt, but the stage is the realm of the probable,
lectures, and the following statement is ex and often -- not to say always - poetry departs
tremely interesting :
from truth and appears improbable and absurd.”


1899.]
89
THE DIAL
66
Herr Björnson's powerful drama, “ Paul “ The only representative of the historical novel in
Lange and Tora Parsberg " has been the great
the past twelvemonth has been the new work of Mr. A.
event of the twelvemonth in Norway.
Krechowiecki, . For the Throne,' in which he brings be-
fore the reader in many effective scenes and with great
Admirably adapted for scenic representation though skill, the bloodless struggle which broke out in Poland
it be, it has as yet not been produced on any stage in after the abdication of John Casimir. The best of the
Norway, though it has been played several times in
many characters introduced is undoubtedly that of the
Germany. The obvious reason of this is, of course, that, great Elector of Brandenburg, who took a leading part
through the inevitable publicity attending all social in the intrigues.”
events in our small community, too abnormal a sensation
was called forth by the fact that the principal character
Of lyric poets, two are mentioned, Mr. J. Kas-
of the play is a but thinly veiled impersonation of a well- prowicz, with “ The Wild Rose Shrub,” and
known politician, who some years ago committed suicide Mr. L. Rydel, with a volume of poems. « There
during a political crisis intensified, and all but brought are three monographs to record on Mickiewicz:
to a point, by the author of this drama.”
a brilliant essay by the poetess Mrs. Konop-
The writer cannot restrain his enthusiasm for nicka ; • Adam Mickiewicz: a Psychological
this remarkable work, saying further of the Study of the Poet,' by Mr. A. Belcikowski;
hero that “to this highly finished study of char and The Esthetic of Mickiewicz,' by Mr. P.
acter the author has brought all his knowledge Chmielowski, a book full of profound and orig-
of human nature and eager sympathy," and of inal views.”
the heroine that she 66 may be considered the
Russia is still a country in which literature
finest womanly character in modern literature.” seeks, to an unusual extent, periodical and
In another
way
the
year is important for dra.
other ephemeral outlets.
matic art since it has just witnessed the open. “With us the colourless monthly magazine is in full
ing of the new National Theatre of Christiania. vigour; it is accompanied by the empty newspaper. The
This will be the special home of Norwegian main contents of these publications are feeble stories of
plays," and has already acquired the right of
life among the people, or, even worse, those that deal
with the purposeless life of the so-called • intelligent
production for the new piece by Dr. Ibsen,
class. To these we must add melancholy essays on
promised for the coming autumn. The only economic questions and scientific compilations - weak
other books that we need mention are “ Byens critical studies which continually repeat thoughts uttered
Fædre,” by Herr E. Kræmmer; “Fugl Fönix,” years ago by abler journalists. The ethical element in
by Herr G. Scott; “Hugormen,” by Herr
our romances is at the same time the lever of Archi-
medes and the heel of Achilles in Russian literature.
H. E. Kinck; “ Afkom," by Fru A. Skram ;
The everlasting confusion of two entirely different
“Tröndere,” by Herr P. Egge; “Vestlands- spheres of literary production gives the world at one
viser,” by Herr V. Krag ; “Digte,” by Herr time such splendid productions as Crime and Punish-
T. Andersen ; “ Norske Digte og Digtere,” by ment,'. by Dostoievski, and the • Anna Karenina' of
Tolstoi, and at another lands Russian literature in the
Herr J. Bing; and Herr Kjær's revised and
hopeless quagmire in which it is now found.”
critical edition of the comedies of Holberg.
Count Tolstoy's “The Resurrection ” is, of
Polish literature has little to report of inter-
course, the chief work of the year. The follow-
est to the outside world. “ Mr. Sienkiewicz
ing is a part of the criticism made
upon
has not yet completed his great historical ro-
mance. The Crusaders,' nor Madame E. Or.
“ It is impossible to utter a decisive opinion on this
novel, because it is not yet finished, but, judging by the
zeszko ber • Argonauts,' a picture of moral chapters which have already been published, we can see
depravity and the most recent times. Many, the literary methods of the contemporary Tolstoi. Hav-
also, of our elder writers have been completely ing planned a whole series of astonishing artistic com-
silent, so that new names as, of course, is
binations, he himself destroys them, by underscoring for
greater emphasis what is obvious; he furnishes them
the natural way of things — gain constantly with a commentary, and converts his novel into a com-
more space in our literature.” Works of fic- monplace sermon on truths which no one disputes. He
tion that have actually appeared include " At lowers his genius to the attitude of a schoolmaster with
the Edge of the Forest,” by Mr. W. Sieros-
a ferule in his hand.”
zewski; “ The Promised Land,” by Mr. W. A complete edition of the works of Mr. K. K.
Reymont; “ The Swindlers,” by Mr. A. Grus- Sluchevski is a noteworthy publication. This
zecki ; “In the Old Mansion,” by the same poet, largely ignored until recently, “ occupies
author; “ The Labors of Sisyphus," by Mr. quite a peculiar position : he imitates no one,
J. Lych; “ The Distaff,” by Mr. M. Rodzie- he speaks his own language, which is full of
wicz; “ The Young Lady," by Miss Emma that expressiveness which we find in a harmo-
Jelenska; and “ Brothers and Elective Affin- niously constructed mind which has the pro-
ity,” by Mrs. Z. Kowerska.
fundity of an inviolate sincerity. If among
it:


90
[Aug. 16,
THE DIAL
Russian poets there is one who has never lied,
The New Books.
has not gone in quest of phrases, but has
been true to himself,” that poet is the one
under consideration. In poems of “a dark POET, ARTIST-MANUFACTURER, AND
and terrible beauty" he suggests Baudelaire
SOCIALIST.*
and M. Richepin. An important work of his In writing the Life of William Morris.
torical scholarship is the just completed four. Mr. Mackail has bad an unusually difficult
volume biography of Alexander I., by Mr. biographical task. Morris's career was many-
N. K. Shilder.
stranded, and his unique and somewhat eccen-
“ This is no ordinary historical work, but rather an tric personality was one to tax the art and the
historico-psychological monograph. The author has discretion of the delineator. It is therefore
concentrated all his attention on the personality of the
Tsar. He submits it to a minute analysis, full of sci- particularly gratifying to find how well and
entific and artistic merit. It is a character composed satisfyingly, with what patience, candor, and
of contradictions: at one time full of heroism, decision, constructive skill, Mr. Mackail has done his
and manliness; at another, timid and yielding like a work. The spirit of truth, as well as of sym-
reed in the wind. Such a person is fitted to become
the hero of a poem."
pathy, has presided over his labors ; and it
The three-volume history of Russian literature, William Morris's life and work more effec-
would scarcely be possible to tell the story of
from the earliest times to Lemonosov, by Mr. tively and attractively than it is told in these
A. Pypin, has also been completed.
two beautiful volumes. Mr. Mackail has per-
“ The end of the best month of this year - I mean
the last week of May was made memorable for baps laid more stress upon and devoted more
Russia by a national festival, the centenary of the birth space to the doings and dreamings and literary
of Pushkin. Pushkin is our glory, our pride, our sun. and æsthetic philanderings of Morris and his
His songs, full of native beauty for us, were the dawn set at Oxford than the American reader will
of Russian poetry. In the last hours of the century think necessary. It may well be that the En-
that bas passed, when the horizon of the intellectual
life of Russia is enveloped in mist, it is consoling to see glish undergraduate is in general a more ma-
that on the edges of the dark clouds the beams of that ture and intellectually considerable creature
sun still shine which illumined us in the morning hour. than his American counterpart ; but at all
These beams promise us à new dawn, new happiness, events we are not accustomed here to take very
new youth."
seriously the performances of youths at col-
Spanish literature remains chiefly noteworthy | lege, and their views on the deeper problems
for its voluminous production of books in the of life, art, and society. But Mr. Mackail ap-
historical field, including much local history, pears to take Morris and his young friends of
and the publication of many unprinted docu the “ Brotherhood ” quite as seriously as they
ments. These books have little interest out-
took themselves, which is saying a good deal..
side of the country of their origin, and we pass We have spoken of Morris's career as “many-
them without special mention, noting, however, stranded." Threefold would perhaps be the
that subjects “relating to our former colonies better term, for in regarding his pursuits or
in America and Oceania” have been in special activities as a whole, his early and quickly
favor. “Belles-lettres are positively in a state abandoned essays as painter and as architect
of decay.” Among novels, there are two “ Epi- proper may be left out of view as incidental
sodios Nacionales,” by Señor Galdos ; “ La and abortive. It was as poet, artist-manufac-
Alegria del Capitan Ribot,” by Señor Valdés ; turer, and Socialist that William Morris made
• Cuentos Sacroprofanos,” by Señora Bazan ; his impression upon his time and is likely to
“ Carmela Rediviva," by Señor Matteu ; and live for a while in the world's remembrance.
the forthcoming “Morsamor” of Señor Valera. His poetry began at Oxford, and went on con-
Of poems and plays, none seem particularly currently with his manufacturing during the
important, and we are even told that “Eche greater part of his career. It may be added
garay has not succeeded in pleasing the public that evidence is not lacking that Morris re-
with any of his recent efforts.” But it is inter-garded the manufacturing, the production of
esting to note that there have been successful sound and artistic furniture, chintzes, wall-
performances of such translated plays as the
paper, carpets, and so on, as the worthier and
“ Persæ " and the “ Prometheus” of Æschylus, more dignified of his two pursuits. “Poetry,
the “ Iphigenie auf Tauris” of Goethe, and be once impatiently observed, “ is tommy rot”;
the “Hamlet” and “ Twelfth Night” (Cuento
LIFE OF WILLIAM MORRIS. By J. W. Mackail. In two
de Amor) of Shakespeare.
volumes. Illustrated. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.


1899.]
91
THE DIAL
and, in so far as poetry takes the form of a preachings in behalf of the art-hungering
mere shell of verbal filigree and sham mediæ masses with the corybantic exercises of the Sal-
valism, we may largely agree with him. His vation Army. Morris used to recount in a
Socialistic apostolate began relatively late, with serio-comic way instances of the unpleasant
the formation of the Democratic Federation in notoriety which his well-meant efforts gained
1883, and had lapsed into a sort of passive for him. Jeers and insults at the hands of the
Socialism, a philosophic repose on the bosom very class he championed were hard to bear.
of the stream of tendency, toward 1890, when Even the Hammersmith green-grocer's boy,
reflection induced by experience of his col. he wrote sadly, took to bawling “ Socialist !
leagues in the various organizations, and of the Morris !” in no flattering tones after him in
masses who were to be “elevated” (largely the streets; while passing “'Arrys,” fertile in
in spite of themselves, as he came to see) sarcasm, once added cuttingly to the usual epi-
forced him to admit that the movement toward thet, “Shakespeare, yah!” In short, Morris,
higher things must be a gradual one of educa- taking to heart the lesson that England's
tion, of evolution, of normal and secular na “ lower class brutalized” was scarcely ripe for
tional change, and not of active and immediate his collectivistic millenium, with its superadded
revolution and the overthrow of the existing æsthetic refinements, and admitting the fact
social fabric through the use of the newly ac (palpable everywhere outside of Utopia) that
quired lever of popular suffrage. Socialism, the advent of a higher social system presup-
in fine, might be expected to come, in one form poses the advent of a higher type of men, lat-
or another, when England had grown up to it, terly eschewed militant Socialism, pinned his
not before; and, like the present system, could faith to education rather than agitation, and
only prevail by virtue of being a reflection of returned to his true province of creative art
actual English needs and capacities, in a word, of and artistic handicraft. His growing modera-
average English character. Morris, whose So- tion and opportunism naturally offended his
cialism was temperamental or emotional rather colleagues of the League ; and he soon found
than a fruit of scientific study and conviction, himself deposed from the control of its organ,
though at one time he applied himself manfully the “Commonweal,” and replaced by one
to the doctrinal abstrusities of the authorities, Frank Kitz, an extremist of the ordinary type,
was keenly touched by the hard lot of the poor. who presently got the sheet and its managers
But, it is curious to note, the hard lot of the into the bands of the police, who found it high
poor meant to his mind mainly the being cut time to repress its attacks on the principle of
off, to so great a degree, from the enjoyment law and order and its constructive incitements
of and the production of works of art! The to murder. The article that was the immediate
wage-worker he characteristically conceived as cause of the ruin of the paper (which was already
a pathetic figure knocking in vain for admis on the brink of ruin through lack of funds) was
sion at the gates of the Palace of Art, which angrily characterized by Morris as “idiotic."
were closed against him by the ruthless hand Thus, while abandoning his early dream of
of the “profit-grinder.” The Birmingham
The Birmingham regenerating England overnight and producing
operative, the “navvy,” Devonshire “ Giles," roses from her thorns and figs from her thistles
and even London “ 'Arry” himself, were sup- through the spell of some legislative incantation
posed to be yearning for that degree of grace or miracle of constitution-making, Morris by no
ful leisure which would enable them to enter means abandoned his faith in Socialism as an
freely into the joys of painted windows, medi- ideal of future approximation, as a goal toward
æval brasses, illuminated folios, and (last but which society is gradually tending. “ Some
not least) the pictures of Rossetti and Co.! Of approach to it,” he said, " is sure to be tried.”
course the cold fact was, and Morris came to Morris's inborn mediævalism, let us note in
realize it, that the profit-grinder's” victim, in passing, his habit of looking backward for
nine cases out of ten, did not care a rush for canons and models of excellence, was oddly
the Palace of Art, as compared with the beer blended with a vein of thoroughgoing eight-
shop and the race-track. He even showed an eenth-century perfecibilitarianism, of faith in
ungrateful inclination to take a comic, not to the continuity and theoretically boundless pos-
say blackguardly, view of Morris himself and sibilities of human progress. With Rousseau
his performances, to turn his outdoor meetings he turned for the Golden Age to the past;
into occasions for starting an enjoyable row with Condorcet he discerned it in the future.
with the police, and to vaguely identify his There is perhaps an inconsistency too (and


92
[Aug. 16,
THE DIAL
men of genius like Morris must not be grudged classes much more than in men. The thing
their inconsistencies) in his supreme exaltation done, whatever it might be, was what he cared
of an art that began and flourished amid the about in the work of his contemporaries and
wide inequalities, the rigid class distinctions, friends no less than in that of other ages and
of feudal society, and his doctrine that it is the countries. So too in the common concerns of
kindred, though far less stringent, inequalities life he was strangely incurious of individuals
and distinctions of modern society that stunt a quality of mind which took, on the one
and stifle art. Art cannot flourish to-day be- hand, the form of absolute indifference to gos-
cause of the survival of conditions under which sip, and a capacity of working with the most dis-
it flourished so magnificently five centuries ago! | agreeable and jarring colleagues, so long as they
It is not to be inferred from the fact of were useful to the work in hand, and, on the other,
Morris's abandonment of militant and aggres “of an almost equally marked inconsiderate-
sive Socialism that he thenceforth ingloriously ness.” For sympathy in distress, for aid in
sank into a comfortable, not to say an indolent, trouble, it was not to him one would have gone:
reliance on the virtues of laisser faire. The “ The lot of the poor, as a class, when he thought of
good work of sowing the seed of Socialism, he it, had always lain heavily on his spirit. . : . But the
strenuously urged, must go on; but the sower
sufferings of individuals often only moved him to a cer-
must arm his soul with patience, must be pre-
tain impatience. Many years before, Rossetti, in one
of those flashes of hard insight that made him so ter-
pared to wait long for the harvest, nay, must rible a friend, had said of him, Did you ever notice
be content to scatter the seed of a harvest which that Top (Morris's nickname) never gives a penny to a
a generation yet unborn will reap. Education beggar ?' Inconsiderate and even unscrupulous as
must be the watchword. In his final manifesto
Rossetti was himself in some of the larger affairs of
to the League, he says:
life, this particular instinct of generosity was one which
never failed him. For the individual in distress -- were
“... I say for us to make Socialists is the business it a friend in difficulties, or some unknown poor woman
at present, and at present I do not think we can have on the streets — he was always ready to empty his own
any other useful business. . . . When we have enough pockets, and plunge deeply into those of his friends.
people of that way of thinking, they will find out what Morris's virtues were of a completely different type.
action is necessary for putting their principles in prac- . . . That habit of magnificence, which to the Greek
tice. Therefore, I say, make Socialists. We Socialists mind was the crown of virtues, was Rossetti's most re-
can do nothing else that is useful."
markable quality. In the nature of Morris it had no
This calm and reasoned counsel drew forth place. I am bourgeois, you know, and therefore with-
a volley of protest and abuse from the extrem-
out the point of honor,' he had written many years
before to Madox Brown in a moment of real self-
ists of the sect, who were already babbling of
appreciation; and his virtues were therefore those of
dynamite and open war upon society, and who the bourgeois class — industrious, honest, fair-minded
had now awakened in Scotland Yard a languid up to their lights, but unexpansive and unsympathetic
interest in their proceedings, through their
so far as the touch of genius did not transform him
sage deliberations as to the ways and means for
into something quite unique and incalculable."
barricading the streets of London. But Morris, A unique figure in English life, in more
says Mr. Mackail,“ had already left the ways than one, Morris certainly was; and he
League, and the moment he did so it began to paid the penalty of the offence of being “un-
crumble away like sand,”— as in fact it must, like other people.” As a pronounced (though
since the withdrawal of Morris meant the with entirely unaffected) social non-conformist he
drawal of its main source of pecuniary sup met with the usual obloquy and misconstruc-
plies. Morris, let us say, was not one of that tion. Morris did not care three straws for
order of Socialists who have been described as Mrs. Grundy, and was indeed seemingly un-
yearning to do good with other people's money. aware of her existence; and Mrs. Grundy
He was a liberal supporter, financially, of the fumed accordingly. He did what he liked and
various reforming organizations. But he was wore what he liked at London, just as he had
not, nevertheless, by any means what the world read what he liked and worn “purple trousers
is used to call a liberal, an open-banded man. at Oxford. British philistinism disapproved of
This statement brings us to a searching criti- him; Podsnap shook his head at him; “'Arry,"
cism of his character made by Mr. Mackail, as we have seen, jeered at him. “ I have had,"
which serves not only to help us understand he said,
he said, “a life of insults and sucking of
Morris, but to exemplify Mr. Mackail's com brains.” English university education is mainly
mendably fair and judicial attitude as a biog. bent on the formation and conservation of a
rapher. Morris, holds Mr. Mackail, was inter- type, rather than on the detection and foster-
ested in things much more than in people, in ling of special individual gifts and capacities.


1899.)
93
THE DIAL
There is a certain academic mould into which after this lapse of time it may not be indiscreet to say
each young gentleman is assiduously pressed
that Morris was sounded by a member of the Cabinet,
with Mr. Gladstone's approval, to ascertain whether he
during the period of his academic career; and
would accept the office in the event of its being offered
while the process is in average cases followed to him. His answer was unhesitating. He was frankly
by desirable and agreeable results, it must pleased that it had been thought of, and did not under-
prove a largely abortive, and may very con value the implied honor: but it was one which his prin-
ceivably prove a cramping and deadening pro-
ciples and tastes alike made it impossible for him to
accept. The matter went no further. In private con-
cess, in cases where, as in that of Morris, it
versation Morris always held that the proper function
happens to run counter to the promptings and of a Poet Laureate was that of a ceremonial writer of
to block the line of natural expansion of genius. official verse, and that in this particular case the Mar-
Morris derived little profit from the prescribed quis of Lorne was the person pointed out for the office
should the office be thought one worth keeping up under
tasks at Oxford ; and, says Mr. Mackail :
modern conditions — by position and acquirements."
“... to the end of his life the educational system
and the intellectual life of nodern Oxford were mat-
Not the least interesting part of Mr. Mac-
ters as to which he remained bitterly prejudiced, and
kail's book is the story of the inception and
the name of • Don' was used by him as a synonym for growth of the unique manufacturing business
all that was narrow, ignorant, and pedantic.”
of Morris and Co. Characterizing Morris as
But an “Oxford man ” he nominally was ;
a manufacturer, Mr. Mackail goes on to say:
and, therefore, as at once a man of means and
“ He carried on his business as a manufacturer not
University education who deliberately kept a
because he wished to make money, but because he
wished to make the things he manufactured. The art
shop, a poet who chose to ply a handicraft, to
of commerce as it consists in buying material and labor
weave, dye, and carve, not as a gentleman ama cheaply, and forcing the largest possible sale of the
teur, but under the usual conditions of handi- product, was one for which he had little aptitude and
craftsman, he was to the average mind a figure
less liking In every manual art which he touched, he
was a skilled expert: in the art of money-making he
80 unique as to be scarcely comprehensible.
remained to the last an amateur. Throughout he re-
Sir E. Beckett once sarcastically called him
garded material with the eye of an artist, and labor with
the “poet upholsterer"; but Morris, who had the eye of a fellow-laborer. He never grudged or hag-
no taint of the snob in his soul, and to whom gled over the price of anything which he thought really
the feelings of the snob were as unintelligible have; he would dye with kermes instead of cochineal if
excellent of its kind and really desirable for him to
as his own feelings were to people like Sir E.
he could gain an almost imperceptible richness of tone by
Beckett, calmly accepted the epithet as “ a doing so: he would condemn piece after piece of his man-
harmless statement of fact," and seemed on
ufacture that did not satisfy his own severe judgment."
the whole to plume himself more on his “ up Mrs. Ritchie thus describes a visit to the
holstering” than his poetry. That he should do shop in its early and rudimentary days :
so is hardly surprising when we reflect that the “ I perfectly remember going with Val Prinsep one
efforts of William Morris to replace in En- foggy morning to some square, miles away; we came
gland the house hideous by the house beautiful
into an empty ground-floor room, and Val Prinsep
resulted in a salutary and perhaps a saving above with hair on end and in a nonchalant way began
called • Topsy !' very loud, and someone came from
revolution in her art-manufactures.
to show one or two of his curious, and to my uninitiated
It may be interesting to know what Mr. soul, bewildering treasures. I think Morris said the
Mackail has to say of the debate over the be-
glasses would stand firm when he put them on the table.
I bought two tumblers of which Val Prinsep praised
stowal of the laureateship in 1892. The claims
the shape. He and Val wrapped them up in paper, and
of Morris, as based on the amount and quality of
I came away very much amused and interested, with a
his poetic work, were of course such as could not general impression of sympathetic shyness and shadows
be ignored. But his political views would have
and dim green glass."
assorted strangely with his occupancy of the Mr. Mackail has given us a model biog-
office, and it would have been difficult for those raphy, and the publishers have issued it in a
who knew him even slightly to seriously figure form that the fastidious taste of its hero would
him as the official eulogist of the existing order have approved. There are several excellent por-
and celebrant of its triumphs. Says the author : traits of Morris, and Mr. New's drawings are
“As regards his personal views on the matter, Mr. capital in themselves and have a certain sugges-
Gladstone, who had then just become for the fourth tion of special adaptation in point of style or
time Prime Minister, kept his own counsel: and it is
treatment to their setting and occasion. A few
matter of common knowledge that no recommendation
plates illustrative of Morris's designing might
was ever made by him to the Queen, and that the office
remained unfilled for three years during his Govern-
have formed a desirable addition to the pictorial
ment and the administration which succeeded it. But attractions of the work.
E. G. J.


94
(Aug. 16,
THE DIAL
concerning Lemminkainen are brought into a
THE ENDLESS EPIC QUESTION.*
superficial connection with those about Wain-
The interesting and important work upon the amoinen and Ilmarinen by making him join
epic of the Finns, the Kalevala, by the Italian those two heroes in the expedition for the recov-
scholar Comparetti, appeared in Italian in ery of the Sampo. “A third companion often
1891 and in German in 1892. It now pre- actually occurs in the songs of the people, but
sents itself to us in a smooth and comely En- this is never Lemminkainen,” except in a single
glish dress, and Mr. Andrew Lang makes the fragment (pp. 132, 135 n.). Chapter III. of
introduction. A complete English translation Part I., “ The Composition of the Kalevala,"
of the poem itself, by an American scholar, tells in detail just how Lönnrot built up the
Mr. John Martin Crawford, was published at great poem from the materials furnished him
New York in 1888.
in the folk-songs. This is perhaps the most
The English translation of Comparetti vio- interesting portion of the book. We learn here
lates literary ethics by appearing without an how it happens that the story of the making of
index, though the table of contents is somewhat the first harp from the bones of the great pike
full. I shall therefore give some page-refer- and of the exquisite singing of Wainamoinen
ences. Mr. Lang's own book, “ Homer and (Runes 40, 41) is followed later by the loss
the Epic,” which contains a short chapter about of this harp (close of Rune 42) and the making
the Kalevala, has no index and the briefest pos of a second from the sacred birch-tree (Rune
sible table of contents. When will scholars take 44). In reality, no Finnish singer knows of
up the bookmaker's burden, and see to it that two harps. The loss of the first instrument
their volumes are published in a usable form? was a pure invention of Lönnrot, in order that
The Kalevala has usually been looked upon he might thereby weave into his poem another
“as an ancient national epos, orally preserved charming version of the origin of the harp.
by tradition, and collected from the mouths of The changing of the tears of Wainamoinen
the people, principally by Lönnrot”(p. 10). In into sea-pearls (Rune 41) is a striking incident
point of fact it was in many ways constructed which seems to have originated wholly with
by Lönnrot, not simply collected. The idea of Lönnrot (p. 156 ; see also p. 257 concerning
combining the folk-songs of the Finns which the making of the Sampo).
treat the same or related subjects was first sug The magic song, or charm, is the funda-
gested to this scholar by the popular singers mental product of Finnish folk-poetry (pp. 24,
themselves, who feel free to combine several 187, 232); the interesting belief that one who
songs into a larger whole. Lönnrot finally recites correctly the account of the origin of
went far beyond this, and attempted to weave any evil force takes away thereby its power
into a great unified poem all that was most for harm (pp. 27, 229) explains why these
interesting and significant in the entire mass magic songs are narrative in form, and sug-
of Finnish folk-poetry. To do this he made gests in a strange way the wise philosophy of
alterations in the ballads somewhat freely, Bacon. The Finns are perhaps the only people
though in most cases he either followed some who have produced poetry of a high degree
one of the various versions of the particular of excellence while still believing in the uni-
song, or at least made changes that could easily versal efficacy of magic (p. 24). The æsthetic
be paralleled from the actual folk.poetry. The power of song seems to be a later conception
unity of the Kalevala thus obtained, however, (p. 321). The hero in this poetry is the wiz-
is something very imperfect; sometimes there ard, the magician (pp. 172, 185, 230). The
is
very little attempt to unify the various stories deeds of separate hero-wizards make up the
(p. 144); at times fundamental inconsistencies poem ; “ no peoples or social masses appear in
have been allowed to remain (pp. 148, 347 f.); collective action or in conflict” (pp. 22 f.,
and what unity exists is often external rather 329). The thoroughly non-historical character
than intrinsic. For example, the runes (songs) of the Kalevala is a constant surprise to the
* THE TRADITIONAL POETRY OF THE FINNS. By Domenico
student whose ideas have been formed by read-
Comparetti, etc. Translated by Isabella M. Anderton ; with ing the other great folk-epics (pp. 23, 60, 246,
Introduction by Andrew Lang. New York: Longmans, 329).
Green, & Co.
THE PRE- and Proto-HISTORIC FINNS, both Eastern and
“ The Finns of Russia and of the Russian church are
Western, with the Magic Songs of the West Finns. By the still quite illiterate and in a state of primitive simplic-
Honourable John Abercromby, etc. In two vols. [Vols. IX. ity; among them the tradition of the songs has remained
and X. of The Grimm Libraryl. London: David Nutt. singularly fresh. For the genuine traditional rune is in


1899.]
95
THE DIAL
its essence the poetry of the illiterate, the poetry of and free from self-consciousness, incapable of
nature (p. 19). “ The northern region in which the
observing and reporting the phenomena of its
ancient Russian songs most abound and are most un-
changed is the same in which the poetical tradition of
own mental life, both the general problem and
the Finns also is best preserved: the government of Arch-
that with reference to each particular epic be-
angel, and Olonetz from Lake Onega to Lake Ladoga' come impossible of exact solution. The import-
(p. 311).
ance of the Kalevala in this line of inquiry is
Mr. Lang's main interest in the Kalevala very great, since it is “the only example we
and in the work of Comparetti is because of have of a national poem actually resulting from
the light thrown by them upon the broader minor
songs;
these songs being not discovera-
Homeric question, better called the epic ques ble in it according to some preconceived idea by
tion,- the problem concerning the mode of means of inductive analysis, but known as really
origin of the world's great national epics. In- existing independently of the large composi-
deed, this larger question was probably the tion ” (ix.). Lönnrot thought himself to be a
especial stimulus which led Comparetti him- Finnish Homer, composing the epic of his race
self to study the epic of the Finns.
from their stores of song. Comparetti points
The reason why this problem is an endless out that Lönnrot, though a folk-poet at heart,
one is not far to seek. Since Wolf in 1795 was also a scholar, filled with modern theoriz-
advocated the view that the Iliad was put to- ings concerning the making of popular epics
gether from separate songs, two tendencies have (p. 340); and “the processes of such a man
been clearly developed in the theorizings con are no argument for early Greece" (Lang, xvi.).
cerning the origin of folk-epics. One tendency Moreover, although Lönnrot alters and trans-
accents the element of folk-poetry, popular poses with great freedom, and sometimes inserts
poetry, as the fundamental fact. Since most original passages, the Kalevala comes far short
popular poetry is narrative, and this exists of possessing a unity like that of the Iliad or
almost entirely in the form of separate ballads, the Odyssey. Though charming in all its parts,
this view makes much of the individual folk the Finnish epic, when considered as a whole,
songs, and makes little of the
grave
difficulties remains in many respects a piece of patchwork.
which confront one who tries to explain how There can be no doubt, I think, that Mr.
any particular epic was put together from these Lang underestimates the importance of the folk
elements. These difficulties are somewhat element in the Homeric poems. He says, using
mitigated by the theory that the Iliad, for ex- in part the language of Comparetti:
ample, existed at one time as a simpler though “In my opinion the maker of the Iliad did just what
complete poem, a primary Iliad, to which suc was done by the maker of The Lay of the Last Minstrel.
cessive additions have been made. We must
Out of his knowledge of facts or fancies, as existing in
lays and traditions, he fashioned a long poem with be-
remember, also, that in folk-poetry itself we
ginning, middle, and end, with organic unity, harmony,
find ballads combined into larger compositions. proportion of parts coördinated among themselves, and
The English “Gest of Robin Hood” is ad- converging towards a final catastrophe'" (xxi.).
mitted to be a composite of different ballads. But the two cases are far from parallel. The
Compound ballads are well-known to the Finns. conception of a body of songs concerning the
Comparetti gives one which corresponds to five Trojan War, which give an accurate version of
different runes of the Kalevala and parts of the events, is distinctly assumed in the Odyssey
three others (pp. 158 ff.). It is somewhat mis- itself (Bk., i. 11. 350f., viii. 74. ff., 489.ff., 500
leading, therefore, to suggest that no “song .f.); without insisting that this conception is
existing independently ever figures in a large correct for the lifetime of an actual Odysseus, it
poem” (viii.).
seems clear that the nature of the popular liter-
The second tendency in explaining the origin ature in existence at the time when the Odys-
of popular epics is to accent the element of sey was composed made this conception appear
plan and the organic unity of the great mass of natural and unquestionable.
material, and either to overlook the precedent Comparetti declares : “ A long poem, created
folk-songs or at least to minimize their import by the people, does not exist, cannot exist ;
The origin of a popular epic, however, epic popular songs, such as could be put together
cannot possibly be explained without the pres into a true poem, have never been seen and are
ence in some measure of both factors, the not likely to be seen among any people
creative but unconscious folk-spirit and the con (p. 352). This seems extreme in view of what
scious master-poet.
Inasmuch as folk-poetry
a Russian scholar named Radloff has told us
cannot flourish except in a society uncultured about the popular poetry of a Turkish tribe,
.
ance.


96
[Aug. 16,
THE DIAL
the Kara-Kirghis.* These people dwell among of, while the work of the individual is accen-
the mountains of Central Asia, in the general tuated and brought to light” (p. 339).
neighborhood of Lake Issyk-kul and the city of It is a striking fact that the most important
Kashgar, near the westernmost border of the poems in English which have some right to be
Chinese Empire. The poetry of this tribe, regarded as epics of art approximate closely to
according to Radloff, is still “in a certain ori- the folk-epic in some essential respects. Sig-
ginal period which is best called the genuinely urd the Volsung," by William Morris, is a fas-
epic period, that same period in which the cinating re-telling in a continuous poem of the
Greeks were found when their epic songs of various Eddic poems concerning Sigurd and of
the Trojan war were not yet written, but lived the prose Volsunga Saga. The poet makes
in the form of genuine folk-poetry in the mouths no attempt to remove all the difficulties and
of the people. The national feeling of the inconsistencies which he found in his sources.
Kara-Kirghis “has united separate epic songs The story which Tennyson chose for his theme
into one updivided whole . . . the different in “ The Idylls of the King" took its rise in
traditions and stories, historical recollections, remote Celtic tradition, and, becoming later a
tales, and ballads, as though in obedience to literary tradition, had attracted other stories to
some force of attraction combine about an epic itself and had been fashioned and re-fashioned
centre and in all their dismemberment appear in countless ways centuries before Tennyson.
parts of a comprehensive general picture.” The general story of Milton's “ Paradise Lost”
“Only a people which has not reached indi was first told in a form destined to dominate
vidual culture,” says Radloff, “ can create bards subsequent writers, by Bishop Avitus of Vienne,
from its midst and develop a period of contem about 500 A.D., in his Latin epic poem, "De
poraneous epic. With the spread of culture” Spiritalis Historiæ Gestis." Professor Marsh
come “ rhapsodists who do not compose them- of Harvard University tells us that this poem
selves but sing songs borrowed from others.” was itself the outcome of a precedent poetic
Radloff cites the following passage from Stein- tradition, and that it was especially poetical
thal:f “Up to 1832 no one knew of a whole and powerful “ largely because Avitus made
Finnish epic. : No one had knowledge of use freely and skilfully of what his predeces-
the unity, and yet ... it was existent in the sors had done."* Yet Avitus wrote nearly
songs themselves.” Radloff comments on this 1200 years before Milton. Some of the more
as follows : “ From this I venture only to con important English versions of this story be-
clude that among the Finns in the year 1832 tween Avitus and Milton are to be found in
the period of contemporaneous epic (as it now the poems formerly attributed to Cædmon, in
exists among the Kara-Kirghis) was already the Cursor Mundi, and in the cycles of mys-
past. In the epic period the consciousness of tery plays. The last editor of " Paradise Lost,"
the unity of the epic is still living in each por- Mr. Moody, in his admirable" “Cambridge
tion of the whole."
Milton,” discusses only the different Renais-
It must be admitted that so far as Radloff sance poems which treat of the Fall of Man
enters into details concerning the poetry of the and which may have directly influenced Milton.
Kara-Kirghis, the epic unity which binds to If we bear in mind the entire tradition, the
gether the various songs of the tribe seems to following words of Mr. Moody become so much
be somewhat loose and vague; but it seems more expressive: In a restricted but still
clear that a real unity is felt, and that Com significant sense, Paradise Lost is a natural
paretti has gone too far in the assertion cited epic,' with a law of growth like that of Beo-
above. The following comprehensive state. wulf, or the Iliad.”
ment of Comparetti seems entirely just; but I We can say in general that the two concep-
take the liberty to emphasize two adjectives : tions, — that of an epic with a story wholly
“ In proportion as the epic songs unite to form invented by its author, so far as invention is
a wide, well-defined and stable organism, possible, and that of one made up of folk-songs
strictly popular and collective work is lost sight unaltered but arranged in the most effective
* Proben der Volkslitteratur der nördlichen türkischen order, are the polar opposites of each other.
Stämme. Gesammelt und übersetzt von Dr. W. Radloff. It is probably impossible that a large, impres-
V. Teil, Dialect der Kara-Kirgisen. The book is in Russian.
A copy is in the English Library of the University of Chicago.
sive, and unified poem, one which we could
I am very greatly indebted to Professor George C. Howland properly term an epic, a masterpiece of grand
of the same University for making me a written translation of narrative, could approximate very closely to
the entire Introduction,
+ Das Epos. Zeitschrift für Völker-psychologie
Article on Avitus, Johnson's Universal Cyclopædia.


1899.]
97
THE DIAL
us
either of these poles. Among all the epics To the architect, this volume is also useful
accessible to the general reader, the Kalevala | if viewed in a reminiscent way. He must dis-
comes nearest to one of these extremes, that criminate between that which is straightfor-
of a simple arrangement of folk-songs.
ward and unaffected and that which is mere
The first volume of the work of Abercromby adaptation. The architect who looks beyond
is mainly occupied in discussing the geograph- many of the Colonial porches to the simple and
ical distribution, the craniology, and the pre- dignified walls, with their well - proportioned
historic civilization of the Finns. The last openings, will find much value in these plates.
chapter of this volume treats of the beliefs of the Our meaning is illustrated by the very first
West Finds as exhibited in their magic songs ; plate in the collection, in which the portion
while the second volume is almost entirely occu which it is meant to illustrate (the porch) is the
pied by a translation of a very large portion of least valuable part; while the background (the
the great collection of magic songs published by house) is charming in its straightforwardness
Lönnrot in 1880. The lover of the Kalevala and simplicity. The perspective sketches of
can here study in English some of the original the Royal Mansion, by Mr. Deane, give a Col-
materials from which that epic was made. onial atmosphere which we moderns would do
Political happenings also call our attention well to emulate, much more than do the meas-
at present to Finland. Since Russia wrested ured drawings of details of the same building
this district from Sweden in 1809, the inhabi which follow. Architects should not go to
tants have enjoyed more freedom and a better such sources for their classic detail. If they
government than any other portion of the are unable to relate their detail to the time and
empire. But now their cherished rights are the conditions under which they work, and feel
being taken away, and the Finns are appeal- that they must go to precedent, it is much safer
ing to the civilized world for sympathy and for them to go to that period which was the
moral support. Would that the recent acts of guiding one for our Colonial ancestors. The
our own republic had not taken
away
from value of this work is therefore suggestive rather
the right and the power to speak out effectively than literal. We should not use it as an ency-
in behalf of freedom and self-government for the clopædia of definite forms and proportions. We
distressed Finns !
must use it rather as an encouragement and
ALBERT H. TOLMAN.
inspiration along the lines of simple straight-
forward desigo. To put it more tersely,— the
measured drawings are very apt to do our
STUDIES IN COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE.* thinking for us, whereas we should compel our
The portfolio of plates issued under the title ar
architects to make an independent problem of
of “The Georgian Period” includes a collec- every commission that is given them.
tion of measured drawings, details, picturesque
The Colonial church is a delightful building
sketches, and photographic reproductions of
to enter. When there, we step back into the
Colonial work in Massachusetts, New York, last century. There is danger, however, if our
New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and
architects accept this model, that they will
South Carolina ; and represents the work of ignore the increasing democratic tendencies and
such well-known architectural artists as Messrs.
the changes in ecclesiastical forms which have
Frank W. Wallis, David A. Gregg, Claude
come upon us since those churches were built.
Fayette Bragdon, E. Eldon Deane, Pierre G.
The architect who would do the parallel thing,
Gulbranson, George C. Tolman, and others. emulating in the best way the examples left by
This work is especially pleasing and valuable
the architects of these churches, would realize
to the bistorian and to the lover of Colonial
the institutional character which is to govern
associations. If taken in the spirit of one of
our churches in the future, and would give his
Fiske’s histories, and studied in connection building the same relation to that institutional
with it, its delight and charm would be great.
and democratic tendency that those Colonial
As a setting for incidents in Colonial history, churches have to the Colonial times with which
it is not only consistent, but necessary, in order they most charmingly correspond.
that a complete idea of the lives of our fore-
Through this delightful series, many Colo-
fathers may be obtained.
nial mantels are shown. They are, most of
them, faithful applications of classic or renais-
* THE GEORGIAN PERIOD. Being Measured Drawings of
Colonial Work. Boston: American Architect and Building
sance architecture as designed for stone; and
News Company.
as such they fail. If one turns to Plate 26,


98
[Aug. 16,
THE DIAL
and notes the plain mantel in the living-room
CONGRESSIONAL REGULATION OF
of the Fairbanks house, he will find a spirit of
COMMERCE.*
directness, a consistent use of material, with
A treatise upon one clause of the Constitu-
simplicity and harmonious proportions; and
tion of the United States is an innovation, but
that sheet alone would justify the publication
a wholesome and serviceable one. The clause
of this work. Combined as it is with the pho- selected in this instance is the one by which
tographic reproduction of the exterior, it makes
the people of America sought to remedy that
one of the most valuable portions of the volume.
evil in their former system of government
The plate giving the Jonathan Childs house
which, of all others, they seemed to feel most
in Rochester shows a detail of the porch which deeply. It was a consultation between certain
is very faithfully worked out, and may be use-
States as to the best means of securing a gen-
ful if one wishes to build for archæological or
eral commercial system, which proved the ini-
museum purposes. It is distinctly stone archi-
tial step toward the Constitutional Convention
tecture, it implies a temple, and it is not con-
of 1787. To provide remedial measures in this
sistent when executed in wood or used as a
respect, it was suggested that a convention be
dwelling; and it is to this problem of consist-
assembled for the purpose of amending the
ency that we would especially bring the atten-
Articles of Union; and that assembly, when
tion of our architects.
convened, prepared the frame of constitution
It has often been said that art is most free
which the people afterward adopted. The pro-
when its media are most restricted. Compar-
vision committing to Congress the power to
ison between Plate No. 1, Part II., on one
regulate foreign and domestic commerce did
hand, and the iron work shown on Plates 27
not for several decades excite friction sufficient
and 30, Part II., will illustrate this point. to call for the interposition of the courts. By
Our early Colonial builders had planes which
reason of this, the lines of demarkation between
enabled them to copy stone forms in wood; and
the proper province of State legislation upon
the result was a debased art. But at the same
commercial subjects, and the field within which
time they did not have such power over iron.
a
The railing referred to, which is in the New time not clearly seen. The States, legislating
York City Hall, is distinctly an iron railing.
over subjects incidental and germane to com-
It is the work of a man with hammer and
merce, often passed laws which in fact assumed
anvil; and being compelled by the nature of
to regulate commerce. But in time it became
the material to work along more or less orig-
necessary
for the Federal courts to interfere,
inal lines, the designer, either consciously or
and to expound the “ Commerce Clause." In
unconsciously, depended upon beautiful line, 1823, the legislation of South Carolina against
good proportion, proper spacing, proper bal-
the introduction of free negroes into that State
ance between straight lines and curved lines, —
was, by Mr. Justice Johnson in the United
and thus be produced a beautiful thing. He gave States Circuit Court, declared to be an infringe-
another example of the power of independent ment upon the exclusive power of Congress to
thought combined with artistic perception.
regulate commerce. In 1824, the Supreme
In Part No. III., Plate 6, the sketches by Court of the United States declared void the
Mr. Gregg give us a delightful historic sug- legislation of New York which gave to Robert
gestion. Plate 30 gives us a charming glimpse Fulton and his associates the monopoly of nav-
of Providence life. Plate 16 is an illustration igating public waters with the lately perfected
of what we would have our architects avoid.
steam boats. Since then, the occasions have
It is a mantel designed in stone and executed
been numerous for similar interpositions by
in wood, and covered with draperies from some
the courts between the action of State Legis-
antique funeral. There is a certain refinement,
latures and the constitutional powers of Con-
which we must admit, in the character of the
gress. Only one other clause of the Federal
moulding, but we should compel our architects
Constitution, and that the one which forbids
to work with equal refinement along progres State laws impairing the obligation of con-
sive lines. To be consistent they should derive tracts, has called for a larger number of judi-
the motives for their geometrical and conven cial deliverances.
tional ornament from the plants, animals, or
Messrs. Prentice and Egan have furnished
things of any nature that we love and with
* THE COMMERCE CLAUSE OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITU-
which we surround ourselves.
TION. By E. Parmalee Prentice and John G. Egan. Chicago :
DWIGHT H. PERKINS. Callaghan & Co.


1899.]
99
THE DIAL
a treatise on the Commerce Clause of the substance of what was accomplished by that great
Constitution which will be instructive, not to struggle. All the triumph of the armies of the Union
breathes in its stately judgment that the people of
lawyers alone, but to all who have observed the
these United States constitute one nation.'
wonderful development of commercial spirit But in fact, so far as the Federal jurisprudence
and enterprise in the United States. As im.
is concerned, that doctrine is one of its earliest
portant as are the Police power and the Taxing
power of the States, in our Federal system, and principles. In the case of Chisholm v. Georgia,
as efficiently as these powers are sustained by
the Supreme Court in 1793 delivered its stately
the Federal courts, they are required to yield
judgment, answering affirmatively the question,
“Do the people of the United States form a
precedence and are subordinated to the Com-
Nation?"
merce power of the central government when-
This principle has continuously
been adhered to by the courts, and it formed
ever they are found to be in conflict with it.
The theories by which these sometimes warring Commerce Clause in 1823 and 1824, above
the basis of the early decisions in respect to the
powers are adjusted to harmonious action will
interest all students of our national institutions.
mentioned. In the light of constitutional juris-
The various subjects in respect to which the prudence, the United States has always been a
Congressional power is exercised — namely, the Nation, and the war worked no change in this
control of navigable waters, port regulations, respect. What it did accomplish was to silence
carriers, rates, and taxation — are treated by law of the land. How misleading is the theory
the murmurs of discontent against the settled
the authors in separate chapters, and as to each
the course of jurisprudence is traced in its de adopted in this treatise may be seen in the
velopment. The question whether the consti- attempt to prove it, as to the Commerce Clause
tutional grant of power to Congress is ipso Crandall v. Nevada. The Supreme Court in
and the law applicable thereto, by the case of
facto exclusive of State action, when not exer-
cised by Congress, has been variously answered
that case declined to apply the Commerce
by the Federal courts. The vacillations of
Clause, but based its decision upon the consti-
judicial opinion on this feature of the subject citizenship. To illustrate its views, the court
tutional rights which appertain to United States
are traced instructively in this treatise.
in this Nevada case quoted with approval from
The history of the development of judicial
opinion concerning the Commerce Clause, as
an opinion of Chief Justice Taney, given in
1848, sustaining the constitutional rights of
here presented, is disappointing in one respect.
citizens of the United States, and declaring
The authors advocate the untenable theory that
that “ For all the great purposes for which the
the United States did not become a Nation
Federal government was formed, we are one
until made so by the results of the Civil War.
Politicians and partisans often find this a con-
people, with one common country.”
JAMES 0. PIERCE.
venient postulate. But the jurisprudence of
our country confutes the proposition, and the
constitutional arguments which rest upon it
prove to be misleading. Our authors assume
that “the issue of the Civil War finally estab.
PEACE, WAR, AND HISTORY.*
lished, on a new basis, the relations between Mr. William T. Stead begins his book on “ The
the states and the federal government,” and United States of Europe” with the statement that
add :
“ In the year 1898 two strange things happened."
“We pass from the old regime to the new, not by
These, he explains at some length, were the call to
the slow processes of judicial construction, but at a arms and conquest by the United States of America,
single step, as the national sovereignty which the war and the call to a parliament of peace by the Czar.
established as a fact is given place in the constitutional The two are placed in forcible contrast. He
law of the nation by the decisions of the Court.” “In the West the American Republic, which for
From these premises the conclusion is easily * HISTORY UP TO DATE. By William A. Johnston. New
drawn that the post-bellum decisions of the
York: A. S. Barnes & Co.
THE UNITED STATES OF EUROPE. By William T. Stead.
Supreme Court under the Commerce Clause,
New York: Doubleday & McClure Co.
in respect to national and State action on com CAN WE DISARM ? By Joseph McCabe and Georges Darien.
mercial subjects, have worked a great change Chicago : H. S. Stone & Co.
“ in the construction of the Federal powers.”
THE NEW LEVIATHAN; OR, THE WORLD AT PEACE. By
J. A. Farrer. London : Elliot Stock.
To enforce this theory the authors say,—
THE FEDERATION OF THE WORLD. By Benjamin F.
“ In Crandall v. Nevada (1867) may be found the Trueblood. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
says:


100
[Aug. 16,
THE DIAL
more than a hundred years had made as its proudest through continental Earope, and while it speaks
boast its haughty indifference to the temptation of with no uncertain voice for peace, it finds in the
territorial conquest, suddenly abjured its secular prospect of a united Europe the best means of
creed, and concluded a war upon which it had en meeting the new menace to the world's harmony in
tered with every protestation of absolute disinter the form of the Great Republic militant. Through-
estedness by annexations 80 sweeping as to invest out the capitals of the great powers he found an
the United States with all that was left of the her increasing feeling that the burden of war was grow-
itage of imperial Spain.” Against this he sets a ing too heavy to be borne, armaments over there
paragraph of equal length describing the military causing an expenditure almost as great as the bribes
autocracy which now heads the world in an overt offered to the American electorate in the form of
expression of the love for
peace.
pensions in the case of several of the nations
Mr. William A. Johnston, who is an editorial involved. His argument is carried to its logical
writer for the New York Herald,” begins his "Hig conclusion by Mr. Farrer's “New Leviathan," in
tory up to Date" with the statement that « This which is shown the curious fact that socialism and
book is a concise account of the birth of a new era other means for the elimination of national bound-
in the United States. It is a record of the dying aries have their rise in the very standing armies
moments of the Monroe Doctrine, the spirit that created for the insurance of national feeling. The
for more than one hundred years inspired the civic work of Messrs. McCabe and Darien, “Can We
body born in the Revolution of the American Col Disarm?” takes the question on its economical side
onies of Great Britain near the end of the last cen and returns a cautious answer, seeing in the return
tury.” It is hardly necessary to recall that the to civil life of the present array of soldiery, and in
United States has recently annexed Hawaii in the the disturbance to manufactures caused by the
face of a majority of its inhabitants ; that it has cessation of the demand for warlike material, a
had in the Philippines a larger army than King double objection not to be lightly overcome. And
George ever imported into its own territories during Dr. Trueblood's “ Federation of the World ” is,
the Revolution, engaged in teaching the people there again, a plea for the world-wide solidarity which
that governments do not derive their just rights Kant dreamed of and Tennyson sang : well consid-
from the consent of the governed ; that, with the ered, logical, cogent, conclusive, and, in the light
Declaration of Independence and the Monroe Doc of America's present attitude, impossible.
trine, the injunctions of Washington's Farewell Mr. Johnston's history is, of all issued so far, the
Address and Lincoln's Gettysburg Speech have only one which pretends to philosophy. Though
been disregarded, the fear of standing armies wiped himself carried away by the glamour of empire, he
away, and the solemn pledges of the Nation thrown is not wholly blinded to the possibilities of the
aside, with all the teachings of its former history overthrow of our national inheritance. His work
and best tradition.
is succinct, never discursive, manifestly fair as such
As a consequence, Mr. Stead observed the rep histories are, but not sufficiently extended to take in
resentatives of the United States at the Hague in the present struggle for liberty on behalf of the
the interests of peace when their country is actu- Filipinos. The other books, without exception,
ally engaged in a war against the independence of point to the fact that Russia is merely the leader
a people armed by itself, and proposing a method of a sentiment toward disarmament which is grow.
of international arbitration in the face of its own ing rapidly in all the world outside the United
flat and unexplained refusal to arbitrate its differ States — except in some of the adjacent countries,
ences with Spain when that unhappy nation pleaded like Mexico, which are arming in fear of this coun-
for it. And the American who remains at home try's present sinister attitude. All serve to empha-
finds other things not less contradictory and strange, size the shameful fact that lack of statesmanship in
all of them indicating that the methods of Europe, America permits us to clamor for empire to extend
which made us great only because for a century and our trade in the face of a tariff designed for no pur-
a quarter of national life they were carefully avoided, pose but to prevent it - now carried to its logical
are now to make us greater by our adopting them and unconstitutional extremity in being raised
in minute detail. And over all the wrench given against Puerto Rico; in blaming Russia for wrest-
our institutions is spread a pall of silence, the re ing autonomy from Finland, while we are seeking
fusal on the part of the Government of the United to deprive the Philippines and Cuba of all govern-
States to make known the truth in respect of its ment not based upon the sword; of preaching the
military or other operations in its newly conquered benefits of a republic, when we deny, either actu-
territories, and the refusal of the dominant political ally or theoretically, our suffrage to all who are not
party to permit any expression of dissent from a of the white race; of advocating arbitration after
policy which Russia itself sees that the world has engaging in a war in which we had refused it; and
fairly outgrown.
of interesting ourselves in international disarma-
These considerations make the majority of these ment at the very moment we are increasing our
books dismal and unsatisfactory reading. Mr.
Mr. standing army and navy to an extent unprecedented
Stead's work is the result of an extended journey in our history.
WALLACE RICE.


1899.]
101
THE DIAL
living for the performance of such a piece of work.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
His acquaintance with the subject is both extensive
Mr. N. A. Jennings's lively account and profound, and he is the master of a polished
Experiences of a
of his experiences as “A Texas and interesting style. Moreover, the distinction
Texas Ranger.
Ranger" (Scribner) forms a capital between “A Literary History of Ireland” and a
yarn, a rather perilous one, we should think, to “ History of Irish Literature " gives the author suit.
put in the hands of a boy of adventurous tastes. able latitude for the development of his theme. Had
When we say “yarn" we do n't mean to hint a doubt his subject taken the latter form, this big book of
of Mr. Jennings's veracity. On the contrary, we six hundred and fifty pages could hardly have been
find reason to think that he has been, as he claims, justified; as it is, the author remains within legiti-
a veritable “ Ranger,” a hunter of outlaws, in mate bounds, and is yet free to express himself
the storied days when the Lone Star State was fully. A “Literary History of Irish Ireland” he
the paradise of gentlemen who lived as they listed himself calls the book, for he has nothing to say of
and died with their boots on. Mr. Jennings went what was done by Swift, Goldsmith, and Burke,
out to Texas, a youth of eighteen, in 1874. He but confines himself to writings in the vernacular.
was the home-bred son of a Philadelphia merchant, The book is largely the history of an unprinted lit-
enticed from the sober ideals of the city of broad erature - a literature preserved only in manuscripts
brims by the lurid articles of Colonel J. A. Knox, and oral tradition. Over a thousand such manu-
in the “Texas New Yorker.” Colonel Knox's paper scripts are known, with contents extending to per-
assured Mr. Jennings that he need only go to Texas haps twenty thousand pieces of all lengths, from
to become a cattle-king and the owner of a county the single quatrain to the epic saga. It was less
or so of land ; so he set out, with his father's bless than twenty years ago when, in the author's own
ing and one hundred dollars in cash, to take
pog-
alma mater, a popular lecturer said, “in gross
session. Arrived at San Antonio, his $100 had ignorance but perfect good faith, that the sooner
shrunk to $3.25. A Mexican gaming-house relieved the Irish recognized that before the arrival of
him of this last shot in the locker; and a brief Cromwell they were utter savages, the better it
career of “cow-punching," clerking, filibustering, would be for all concerned.” It is to controvert
and what not, followed. At last Mr. Jennings such reckless statements as this that Dr. Hyde has
succeeded in joining the famous “ Rangers,” under so effectively labored, and it is not suprising that
Captain McNelly, with which corps he served the note of indignation escapes him now and then.
until late in 1879. The story of his adventures is We do not pretend to review this book, which is
simply and graphically told, and it gives one a very the first attempt at a consecutive treatment of the
fair idea of the character of the Rangers, as well as subject that has been made. We doubt if there is
of the more famous of the desperadoes who were
a Celtic scholar in America whose attempt to pass
“ wanted” by the authorities for one atrocious critical judgment upon it would not be an imperti-
crime or another. In his opening chapter the nence. But we record with pleasure this tribute to
author bears witness to the great change for the Dr. Hyde's scholarship and to the attractiveness of
better in the social conditions of Texas, since the his work, and we place the book among our stand-
seventies. “In no State in the Union is the law ard literary histories with the greatest satisfaction,
more respected than it is in Texas to-day." Mr.
" Who's Who” has been for many
Jennings has in some instances changed the names
of persons introduced in the narrative ; for, he sig-
years an English reference book,
nificantly says: “ During a recent visit to Texas,
published annually, and of the great-
for the purpose of going over the scenes of the ad-
est usefulness to editors and literary workers. The
ventures of early days, I found a number of highly publishers of “ Who's Who in America” (A. N. Mar-
respected citizens, living exemplary lives, who had
quis & Co.) have taken the English work as a model,
formerly been eagerly hunted by officers of the law." although not for slavish imitation, and have produced
a volume that in the strictest sense supplies a long-felt
The literary
Mr. Fisher Unwin's “ Library of want. It is a biographical dictionary of Americans
history of Literary History," of which the now living, and distinguished for their achievements
Ireland.
Messrs. Scribner are the American in literature, education, statesmanship, science, com-
publishers, has proved thus far to be an extremely merce, or other fields of aetivity. The biographies
creditable undertaking. Mr. Frazer's “Literary give only the essential facts, and the form of state-
History of India,” which opened the series, has ment is as condensed as possible. Since, in nearly
already been noticed by us, and there now comes all cases, the facts stated have been submitted for
to our table “ A Literary History of Ireland,” by verification to the subjects concerned, the work is
Dr. Douglas Hyde. An interesting announcement highly trustworthy. We hasten to add that the
is that of "A Literary History of the United States," editor has been duly critical of the material offered
by Professor Barrett Wendell. The pablishers and him, and has strictly suppressed the efforts of self-
editors have been well advised in placing the pre- seeking mediocrities to gain admission to its pages.
paration of the present volume in the hands of Dr. He claims for his book “the virtue of being honestly
Hyde, who is probably the most competent scholar and conscientiously compiled," and, after a rather
Who's Who
in America.


102
[Aug. 16,
THE DIAL
de lure,
Women
close examination, we see no reason to suspect the the romance of nature, with that feeling for the
genuineness of the claim. The preface gives some strangeness and mystery of the deep woods and
amusing incidents concerning, on the one hand, the open uplands that is one of the notes of the poetry
difficulties experienced in extracting information of this century. Then probably it must be idealistic,
from some of the people approached, and, on the in that each figure and character must be sur-
other, the sort of wire-pulling done by people who charged with the feeling or atmosphere of some
were not approached in order to attract attention mood or tendency in thought; for that is something
to their unimportant selves. The exact number of we cannot escape now. And it should also be
biographies included is 8602, which is rather more classic : for the pastoral is a traditional form, it
than one to ten thousand of our population. To reminds us of the best periods of our literature, it
the State of New York 2039 are credited, to Massa. is a form moulded by the touch of masters who are
chusetts 742, to the District of Columbia 724, to classic. All this perhaps one could say a priori.
Pennsylvania 622, and to Illinois 564. There is But we have not done so: we have run over these
an interesting table of educational statistics, show necessities only after reading Mr. Maurice Hewlett's
ing that 3237 are graduates of colleges, besides “ Pan and the Young Shepherd” (Lane). It is a
an odd thousand of graduates from professional delightful book for this time of the year. We have
schools. Another useful feature is a necrology of mentioned some characteristics that it may amuse
persons who have died since January 1, 1895. Mr. the reader to note. But it may well be that the
John W. Leonard is the editor of this work, which reader will prefer to pay no heed to such matters,
will be found indispensable by many classes of but rather to follow simply the half-real dream as
people.
he lies on some summer hillside that stretches itself
The new
The first number of “The Anglo- out to the sun and the sea. If this be his feeling,
periodical Saxon Review,” Lady Randolph we shall not quarrel with it.
Spencer Churchill's new periodical,
There are possibly golf.players in
has come to hand, and justifies all that has been
this country who will remember the
promised for it from the artistic and mechanical
and golt.
opinion prevailing, say five or six
points of view. The sumptuous binding in full
morocco copies a cover made in Paris by some un-
years ago, concerning the proper sphere of woman
known artist of the late sixteenth century for King
in the golfing universe. Such readers will smile
James I. The illustrations are reproductions of
(or sigh) as they look at "Our Lady of the Green :
seven famous portraits, including Stuart's Washing- and M. Boys (Lippincott). We shall not presume
A Book about Ladies' Golf,” by Louio Mackern
ton, Reynolds's Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire,
Rubens's Anne of Austria, and Mr. Onslow Ford's
to judge the precise value of this work to feminine
readers. So far as playing the game is concerned,
bust of Queen Victoria. As for the literary con-
we are inclined to think that if any book be useful
tributors, it would take archangels to live up to all
it will be some book without distinction of sex.
this magnificence of decoration and typography, and
Mr. Whitelaw Reid, for example, is not exactly an
There is but one game of golf, and men and women
archangel. He discourses of “Some Consequences play it, or try to, in much the same way. There
are, however, certain minor matters concerning
of the Last Treaty of Paris.” There are stories by
Mr. Henry James, Miss Elizabeth Robins, and Mr.
which women may well have something to say to
Gilbert Parker, a three-act play by Mrs. Craigie, a
each other, and these points our authors wisely
make their chief topics. The special necessities of
great poem by Mr. Swinburne, a masterly study of
ladies' links, the delicacies incident to ladies' clubs
Peel by Lord Rosebery, and many other interest-
and club teams, some particular points of play,
ing things. Altogether, the literary make-up of the
notes on clothes, and so on, these are matters
number is highly creditable to the taste and sagac-
which an ordinary golf-book rather neglects, and
ity of the editor. The volume is one of more than
the chapters here devoted to them may well find
two hundred and fifty pages, and Mr. John Lane
interested readers. It must also be remarked that
is the American publisher.
this is an English book, and that about two-thirds
How to write a pastoral nowadays of it will be useful on this side the water chiefly
A modern
is a curious question. Pastorals, in for reference. The account of the Ladies' Golf
pastoral.
the strict sense of the word, have Union, the descriptions of ladies' links and of good
been for some time lacking in our poetry. Herrick's “ lady players,” especially the directory of fifty
“ Hock-cart was one of the last genuine pastorals ; ladies' clubs, which last takes up almost half the
Thomson and Crabbe seem, on different sides, a book, — these parts are hardly exciting over here.
little wide of the line. What would a modern pas Still, even these matters, while they are not of
toral be? We suppose it must be realistic to a cer great immediate interest to us, make the book a
tain degree : a generation which has known Joseph useful one for a club library. One chapter will
Poorgrass and the other worthies of Wessex is not perhaps be a subject of serious interest to some en-
likely to accept vague shepherds piping on banks terprising Americans, namely, that which discusses
of lilies or swains leading up the dance beneath the the advantages of the (possible) profession of Lady
village tree. Then it must be romantic, too, with | Greenkeeper and Professional.


1899.]
103
THE DIAL
Stars and
Professor Todd's “Stars and Tele sion of scrappiness, and it must be read in parts and
scopes" (Little, Brown, & Co.) is not passim to be enjoyed. But it is matterful and
Telescopes.
a school text-book in astronomy (al-graphic, and its pictures are profuse and pleasantly
though it might be put to that use), but rather a miscellaneous. Meanwhile, the critical world looks
popular account of the subject for general reading. expectantly to Mr. John Morley, who will, we trust, in
It is largely based upon Mr. William T. Lynn's his forthcoming biographical venture, give us mainly
“ Celestial Motions," a book widely popular in En- biography proper, and not political and social philos-
gland, only a few of the chapters being Professor ophy with a slight leaven of biography, as his wont has
Todd's own. The subject of "The Cosmogony” been heretofore.
receives special treatment in a chapter mainly writ-
ten by Dr. See. The leading features of this vol.
ume are found in its wealth of illustration (the
LITERARY NOTES.
plates and cuts are literally numbered by hundreds), “ How to Swim " is the title of a practical treatise
its inclusion of the very latest results of research, upon the art in question, by Captain Davis Dalton (who
its full account of existing observatories, and the certainly knows how), just published by Messrs. Putnam.
space which it gives to the history of the science. A new edition of “ What Women Can Earn” has
Besides this, it succeeds in condensing an immense just been published by the Frederick A. Stokes Co.
amount of information within reasonable limits, and Many young women who seek to become self-supporting
without any sacrifice of clearness. Indeed, it is one
are likely to find helpful guidance in this volume of
of the most readable books upon astronomy that we
papers by many hands.
have ever seen, being in this respect as attractive
An announcement of interest to librarians, book-
as the books of the late R. A. Proctor. Making Catalog,” [sic] giving author and title of all books in
sellers, and all book buyers, is “ The United States
no demands upon the mathematical resources of its
print to date. It is issued by Mr. H. W. Wilson, of
readers, the book is admirably calculated to interest
Messrs. Morris & Wilson, Minneapolis.
the layman in its fascinating subject.
The publishers of “The Atlantic Monthly " announce
that Mr. Walter H. Page has resigned the editorship of
The late Irving Browne of Buffalo
the magazine to accept a position in the allied houses of
Ballads for
was known and beloved by book-
book-lovers.
Harper & Brothers and the Doubleday & McClure Co.
collectors everywhere, and the sump He will be succeeded by Mr. Bliss Perry, well-known as
tuous volume containing his “ Ballads of a Book essayist and story writer, and lately professor of English
Worm” will not lack of readers. “Unless you
at Princeton University.
love books aside from their contents do not read A new series of literary primers is about to be pub-
this book at all, — it is not meant for mere readers,”
lished by the Macmillan Co. “ Temple Primers " they
says Mr. Browne in his “ Foreword”; but we think
are called, being similar in form to the “ Temple," edi-
there are few, whether collectors or not, who could
tions of Shakespeare and other English classics. A
fail to enjoy the genial humor and good-natured primer on Dante, by Mr. E. G. Gardner, will be the
first publication in this series. Apropos of the “ Temple"
satire of these pleasant little “thoughts, fancies,
Shakespeare, the publishers announce a reissue, reset in
and adventures a-collecting.” In the mechanical larger type, and richly illustrated from antiquarian
production of the volume Mr. Hubbard and his
It will fill twelve volumes, designed for the
associates of the Roycroft Press have surpassed library, not for the pocket, and will remain under the
even themselves. Paper, presswork, and binding editorship of Mr. Gollancz.
are all of the best, and the large hand-colored ini Mrs. Voynich, whose novel, “ The Gadfly," has
tial letters scattered throughout the book are beau-
already had to be printed in this country seventeen
tifully executed. Altogether it is a volume to
times, arrived in New York the other day. The drama-
tization of the novel will be given in September, with
gladden the heart of the bibliophile, and one of
Mr. Stuart Robson as the Gadfly and Miss Marie Bur-
which the Roycrofters may well be proud.
roughs as the Amazonian Gemma. Mrs. Voynich brings
with her numerous photographs and sketches of the
A composite
The two-volume“ Life of Gladstone"
quaint architecture and characteristic scenery amid
Life of
(Putnam), edited by Sir Wemyss
Gladstone. Reid, is put together on factory prin- The death of Dr. Daniel Garrison Brinton, on the last
ciples, each part of the finisbed product being the day of July, at the age of sixty-two, was a serious loss
work of a special hand to whom was assigned the to American scholarship. Dr. Brinton's authority upon
“job” he was thought best qualified to cope with. matters of American ethnology and archæology was of
The political portion of the narrative is mainly the highest, and his publications very numerous. Among
from the pen of Mr. F. W. Hirst, who contributes
them we may mention “Myths of the New World,"
twelve out of the total of twenty chapters. Mr.
“ American Hero Myths,” « Maya Chronicles," “ Essays
F. A. Robbing writes of Mr. Gladstone's ancestry
of an Americanist,” and “Races and Peoples." Dr.
Brinton was also a soldier in the Civil War, an editor
and earlier years; Mr. Arthur J. Butler describes
of various scientific journals, and a professor in the
him as Scholar, Canon McColl as Theologian, the University of Pennsylvania. Not long ago he presented
Rev. W. Tuckwell as Critic, Sir Henry W. Lucy as to that institution his entire collection of books and
Orator, and so on. As a result of all this collab manuscripts relating to the aboriginal languages of
oration and specialization the work gives an impres- | America, over two thousand titles in all.
sources.


104
(Aug. 16,
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 59 titles, includes books
received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
6.
pp. 160.
12
HISTORY.
Russia in_ Asia: A Record and a Study, 1558–1899. By
Alexis Krausge. With maps, large 8vo, uncut, pp. 411.
Henry Holt & Co. $4.
China. By Robert K. Douglas. Illus., 12mo, pp. 456.
“Story of the Nations." G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50.
BIOGRAPHY.
Alfred the Great: Chapters on his Life and Times. By
various writers; edited, with Preface, by Alfred Bowker.
Illus., 12mo, uncut, pp. 260. London: Adam and Charles
Black.
Rembrandt. By H. Knackfuss ; trans. from the German
by Campbell Dodgson. Illus., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
Monographs on Artists." Lemcke & Buechner.
$1.50.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
The Letters of Captain Dreyfus to his Wife. Trans. by
L. G. Moreau. With portraits, 12mo, pp. 234. Harper &
Brothers. $1.
The Anglo-Saxon Review: A Quarterly Miscellany. Ed-
ited by Lady Randolph Spencer Churchill. Vol. I., June,
1899. With photogravure portraits, 4to, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 256. John Lane. $6. net.
A History of Literary Criticism in the Renaissance. By
Joel Elias Spingarn. 12mo, uncut, pp. 330. Macmillan
Co. $1.50.
Books Worth Reading: A Plea for the Best. By Frank
W. Rafferty. 12mo, uncut, pp. 175. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$1.50.
Oriental Wit and Wisdom; or, The Laughable Stories."
Collected by Mar Gregory John Bar-Hebræus ; trans.
from the Syriac by E. A. Wallis Budge, M.A. 8vo, uncut,
pp. 204. London: Luzac & Co.
Patriotic Nuggets. Gathered by John R. Howard. 32mo,
gilt top, pp. 204. Fords, Howard, & Hulbert. 40 cts.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
Boule de Suif. Trans. from the French of Guy de Maupas-
sant; with Introduction by Arthur Symons; illus. by F.
Thévonet. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 92. London : William
Heinemann.
The City of Dreadful Night, and Other Poems. Selected
from the works of James Thomson (“ B. V."). 18mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 256. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1.25.
BOOKS OF VERSE.
Ballads of a Book-Worm: Being a Rhythmic Record of
Thoughts, Fancies, and Adventures a-collecting. By
Irving Browne. 8vo, uncut, pp. 121. East Aurora, N. Y.:
The Roycroft Shop. $5.
Fugitives. By Winifred Lucas. 16mo, uncut, pp. 95. John
Lape. $1.25.
The House of Dreams, and Other Poems. By William
Griffith. 12mo, uncut, pp. 105. Kansas City, Mo.: Hud-
son-Kimberly Pab'g Co. $1.
The War for the Union; or, The Duel between North and
South : A Poetical Panorama, Historical and Descriptive.
By Ķipaban Cornwallis. 12mo, pp. 341. New York:
Office of the Wall Street Daily Investigator.
FICTION.
The Custom of the Country: Tales of New Japan. By
Mrs. Hugh Fraser. 12mo, pp. 305. Macmillan Co. $1.50.
Defender of the Faith: A Romance. By Frank Mathew.
With portraits, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 296. John Lane.
$1.50.
Adrian Rome: A Contemporary Portrait. By Ernest Daw-
son and Arthur Moore. 12mo, pp. 342. Henry Holt &
Co. $1.25.
The Slave of the Lamp. By Henry Seton Merriman.
Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 327. G. W. Dillingham
Co. $1.50.
The Bushwhackers, and Other Stories. By Charles Egbert
Craddock, 16mo, uncut, pp. 312. H. S. Stone & Co. $1.25.
The Mandate. By T. Baron Russell. 12mo, uncut, pp. 348.
John Lane. $1.50.
Snow on the Headlight: A Story of the Great Burlington
Strike. By Cy Warman. 12mo, pp. 249. D. Appleton
& Co. $1.25.
The Sacrifice of Silence. By Edouard Rod ; trans. from
the French by John W. Harding. 12mo, gilt top, pp. 230.
G. W. Dillingham Co. $1.50.
Mr. Milo Bush and Other Worthies: Their Recollections.
By Hayden Carruth. Ilus., 12mo, pp. 218. Harper &
Brothers. $1.
Letitia Berkeley, A.M. By Josephine Bontecou Steffens.
12mo, pp. 292. F. A. Stokes Co. $1.25.
Both Great and Small. By Arthur E. J. Legge. 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 409. John Lane. $1.50.
Doc Horne: A Story of the Streets and Town. By George
Ade. Illus., 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 292. H. S. Stone
& Co. $1.25.
The Game and the Candle. By Rhoda Broughton, 12mo,
pp. 305. D. Appleton & Co. $1.; paper, 50 cts.
Baldoon. Le Roy Hooker. 12mo, pp. 278. Rand,
McNally & Co. $1.25.
Rosalba: The Story of her Development. By Olive Pratt
Rayner. 12mo, pp. 396. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.;
paper, 50 cts.
Hats Off ! By Arthur Henry Veysey. 12mo, pp. 225. G. W.
Dillingham Co. $1.25; paper, 50 cts.
How to Cook Husbands. By Elizabeth Strong Worthing-
ton. Illus., 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 190. Dodge Pub-
lishing Co. $1.25.
The Naked Truth. By Albert Ross. 12mo, pp. 275. G. W.
Dillingham Co. $1.; paper, 50 cts.
The Book of Bander: A Scripture-Form Story of Past and
Present Times. By the author of "The New Koran."
12mo, pp. 169. London: Williams & Norgate.
TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION.
Japan in Transition: A Comparative Study of the Japanese
since their War with China. By Stafford Ransome. Illus.,
8vo, pp. 261. Harper & Brothers. $3.
Enchanted India. By Prince Bojidar Karageorgevitch.
With portrait, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 305. Harper & Brothers.
$1.75.
From the Himalayas to the Equator: A Tour in India
and Malaysia. By Cyrus D. Foss, D.D. Illus., pp. 262.
Eaton & Mains. $1.
POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL
STUDIES.
The Government of Municipalities. By Dorman B. Eaton.
Large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 512. Macmillan Co. $4.
The Growth of Cities in the Nineteenth Century: A Study
in Statistics. By Adna Ferrin Weber, Ph.D. Large 8vo,
uncut, pp. 495. “Columbia College Studies." Macmillan
Co. Paper, $3.50.
The Federal Census: Critical Essays by Members of the
American Economic Association. Large 8vo, uncut,
pp. 516. Macmillan Co. Paper, $2.
Crime and Criminals. By J. Sanderson Christison, M.D.
Second edition ; illus., 12mo, pp. 177. Chicago : S. T.
Hurst. $1. net.
THEOLOGY AND RELIGION.
The Foundations of the Creed. By Harvey Goodwin,
D.D. Third edition ; large 8vo, uncut, pp. 448. E. P.
Dutton & Co. $2.50.
Sin. By Randolph S. Foster, D.D. 8vo, pp. 308. “Studies
in Theology." Eaton & Mains. $3.
Thoughts on the Collects for the Trinity Season. By Ethel
Romanes. 18mo, gilt edges, pp. 296. Longmans, Green,
& Co. $1.
PHILOSOPHY.
The Six Systems of Indian Philosophy. By the Right
Hon. F. Max Müller, K.M. 8vo, uncut, pp. 618. Long-
mans, Green, & Co. $5.
REFERENCE.
Who's Who in America: A Biographical Dictionary of
Living Men and Women, 1899-1900. 'Edited by John W.
Leonard. 12mo, pp. 822. Chicago : A. N. Marquis & Co.
$2.75.
SCIENCE.
Bulletin de la Société Neuchateloise de Géographie.
Tome XI., 1899. Illus., 8vo, unout, pp. 321. Neuchatel :
Imprimerie Paul Attinger. Paper,


1899.]
105
THE DIAL
Scientific Chemistry in our Own Times : A Short History
of its Progress. By William A. Tilden, D.Sc. 12mo,
pp. 276. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.50.
BOOKS FOR SCHOOL AND COLLEGE.
Cyr's Fifth Reader. By Ellen M. Cyr. Illus., 12mo, pp. 432.
Ginn & Co. 80 cts.
Our Navy in Time of War (1861-1898). By Franklin
Matthews. Illus. in colors, etc., 12mo, pp. 275.“ Home
Reading Books.” D. Appleton & Co. 75 cts.
Lessons in Language and Grammar. By Horace S.
Tarbell, LL.D., and Martha Tarbell, Ph.D. Book I.
12mo, pp. 148. Ginn & Co. 60 cts.
Child Life in Tale and Fable: A Second Reader. By Etta
Austin Blaisdell and Mary Frances Blaisdell. Illus. in
colors, etc., 8vo, pp. 159. Macmillan Co. 35 cts.
Burke's Speech on Conciliation. Edited by Anna A.
Fisher, A.M. With portrait, 16mo, pp. 150. Benj. H.
Sanborn & Co. 30 cts.
MISCELLANEOUS.
The Physical Nature of the Child, and How to Study It.
By Stuart H. Rowe, Ph.D. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 207.
Macmillan Co.
How to swim. By Captain Davis Dalton. Illas., 12mo,
pp. 133. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.
What Women Can Earn: Occupations of Women and
their Compensation. By various writers. 12mo, pp. 354.
F. A. Stokes Co. $1.
Christian Science. By Rev. William Short, M.A. 16mo,
pp. 63. Thomas Whittaker. Paper, 25 cts.
New Pointers for Amateur Photographers. By George
E. Mellen. Illus., 24mo, pp. 60. Chicago: Published by
the Author. Paper, 15 cts.
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AND
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since Jan, 1, '98.
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are in reading our ROMANS CHOISIS SERIES, 60 ots. per
vol, in paper and 85 cents in cloth ; and CONTES CHOISIS
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106
(Aug. 16,
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107
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LONGMANS, GREEN, &
Co.'s NEW BOOKS
American Citizen Series.
A New Book by Max Müller.
Outline of Practical Sociology.
The Six Systems
With Special Reference to American Conditions.
of Indian Philosophy.
By CARROLL D. WRIGHT, LL.D., United States Com By the Right Hon. F. Max MULLER, K.M., Foreign
missioner of Labor, author of “ Industrial Evolution
Member of the French Institute. 8vo, $5.00.
of the United States," “ Statistics of the City of
“The work materially enriches the long series of books by
Boston," « Reports of the Chief of the Massachusetts which its author has brought home to English-speaking peo-
Bureau of Statistics of Labor,” «Reports of the United ples the intellectual treasures of ancient India, and cannot but
States Commissioner of Labor," etc. Large crown 8vo,
strongly stimulate the rapidly growing interest in its subject."
- Scotsman.
with 12 maps and diagrams, 464 pages, $2.00.
The Life of William Morris. Memories of Half a century.
By J. W. Mackall, M.A., Fellow of Balliol College, By the Rev. R. W. HILEY, D.D., Wighill Vicarage,
Oxford. With 6 Portraits in Photogravure and 16
Tadcaster. With Portrait. 8vo, pp. xx.-412, $5.00.
full-page. Illustrations by E. H. New, etc. 2 vols., His account of his school, parish, and parishoners is most
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interest sustained to the end."- Church Gazette.
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most remarkable man. Mr. Mackail's book is one of the
Among My Books.
notable biographies of the time."- Daily News.
Papers on Literary Subjects by Various Writers.
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1100–1899.
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108
[Aug. 16, 1899.
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THE SUCCESS OF A
BOOK
WHEN it takes over a year to sell two thousand
copies of a new novel by a popular author, the
public and the publishers are apparently justified in
thinking it a failure. If, however, it goes on selling
steadily, if not largely, it evidently has some good
qualities. When, then, at the end of three
years,
it
has sold out four editions, a fifth is nearly exhausted,
a sixth is in rapid preparation, and the sale is one
thousand a month, the publisher is forced to believe
that people like it. This is the case of
THE JESSAMY BRIDE
by FRANKFORT MOORE. It is the story of Oliver
Goldsmith-most lovable of men—and the beautiful
Mary Horneck. It will be sent by mail, postpaid, on
receipt of $1.50, by booksellers generally or by the
publishers
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A SEMI- MONTHLY JOURNAL OF
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FRANEISTE. BROWNE.}
Volume XXVII.
No. 317.
CHICAGO, SEPT. 1, 1899.
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as to give it an exceptional advantage. In its fifty years of existence it has wit-
nessed many changes in the arts of illustrating and printing, and it has ever been
• a pioneer in adopting every new contrivance for beautifying its pages. During
all these years improvements in machinery and processes have been such as to
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110
[Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
NEW AND FORTHCOMING BOOKS.
SECOND YEAR LATIN.
MONTGOMERY'S AMERICAN HISTORY.
Part I.- Miscellaneous Selections of Easy Latin. Part II. Edition of 1899, including the Spanish War. 402+lxxxii.
-Selections from Cæsar's Gallio War. Edited by Pro pages. Illustrated. $1.00.
fessor J. B. GREENOUGH of Harvard University, B. L.
D'OOGE. Professor of Latin and Greek in Michigan State
REPRESENTATIVE POEMS OF BURNS AND
Normal College, Ypsilanti, and M. GRANT DANIELL, for CARLYLE'S ESSAY ON BURNS.
merly Principal of Chauncy-Hall School, Boston.
Edited by CHARLES LANE HANSON, Instructor in English
WENTWORTH'S PLANE GEOMETRY.
in the Mechanics Arts High School, Boston.
Revised. By G. A. WENTWORTH. Half morocco. 256
HOMER'S ILIAD. Books XIX-XXIV.
pages. 75 cents.
Edited on the basis of the Ameis-Hentze Edition. By
WENTWORTH'S PLANE AND SOLID GEOM EDWARD B. CLAPP, Professor of Greek in the University
ETRY. Revised. By G. A. WENTWORTH. Half mor-
of California. College Series of Greek Authors.
occo. 466 pages. $1.25.
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE METHODS AND
DAVIS'S PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
MATERIALS OF LITERARY CRITICISM.
By WILLIAM M. Davis, Professor of Physical Geography
By CHARLES MILLS GAYLEY, Professor of the English
in Harvard University, assisted by WILLIAM H. SNYDER,
Language and Literature in the University of California,
Master in Science in Worcester Academy. 428 pages.
and FRED NEWTON Scott, Junior Professor of Rhetoric
Illustrated. $1.25.
in the University of Michigan. Vol. I., The Bases in
Æsthetics and Poetics. Vol. II., Literary Types.
BEMAN AND SMITH'S NEW PLANE AND
SOLID GEOMETRY.
THE PHILADELPHIA NEGRO: A Social Study.
By WOOSTER W. BEMAN, Professor of Mathematics in
By WILLIAM E. BURKHARDT Du Bois, Assistant in Soci-
the University of Michigan, and DAVID E. SMITH, Princi-
ology, 1896-1897, University of Pennsylvania. University
pal of the State Normal School at Brockport, N. Y. Half
of Pennsylvania Publications.
leather. 382 pages. $1.25.
KITTREDGE AND ARNOLD'S ENGLISH LAN-
CAIRNS'S INTRODUCTION TO RHETORIC.
GUAGE AND GRAMMAR.
By WILLIAM B. CAIRNS, Instructor in English in the Uni-
By GEORGE L. KITTREDGE, Professor of English in Har
versity of Wisconsin. 272 pages. 90 cents.
vard University, and SARAH LOUISE ARNOLD, Supervisor
of Schools, Bos n.
TARBELL'S LESSONS IN LANGUAGE AND
GRAMMAR.
SPEER'S ADVANCED ARITHMETIC.
By HORACE S. TARBELL, Superintendent of Schools,
By WILLIAM W. SPEER, Assistant Superintendent of
Providenca, R. I., and MARTHA TARBELL.
Schools, Chicago, Ill. 261 pages. Illustrated. 50 cents.
Book I., 148 pages. Illustrated. 35 cents.
CYR'S FIFTH READER.
Book II., 331 pages. Illustrated. 60 cents.
By ELLEN M. CYR. 432 pages. Illustrated. 70 cents.
BOSTON.
CHICADO.
NEW YORK.
GINN & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS.
LONDON.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.'s Early September Books.
NEW HOUSEHOLD TENNYSON.
The Poetic and Dramatic Works of Lord Tennyson. New Household Edition, from new plates. With
a Biographical Sketch, numbered lines, Indexes to Titles and First Lines, a Portrait, and 127 Illus-
trations. Crown 8vo, $1.50; full gilt, $2.00; half calf, $3.00; levant or tree calf, $4.50.
This is an entirely new issue of Tennyson's Poetic and Dramatic Works in the popular Household Edition.
It is produced on practically the same lines as the original edition, but with entirely new plates of larger type;
it is profusely illustrated from the best designs of English, American, and French artists, and contains also por-
traits and pictures of historic buildings, and is, in fact, the most thoroughly illustrated Tennyson so far offered to
the public. The volume is carefully printed on opaque paper, and is attractively bound in a new and original
style. It is unquestionably the most desirable single-volume illustrated edition ever published of Tennyson.
NEW CABINET POETS.
RIVERSIDE BROWNING.
The Poetical Works of
Complete Poetic and Dramatic Works of ROBERT
ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON,
BROWNING. New Riverside Edition. With Intro-
OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES,
duction and Notes by GEORGE WILLIS COOKE, and 6
John G. WHITTIER.
Portraits. 6 vols., crown 8vo, bound in new and attrac-
Printed from type much larger than that of previous tive style, with gilt top, $9.00. (Sold only in sets.)
Cabinet Editions, very carefully edited, the lines of the This is a very desirable Library Edition of Browning's
Works.
longer poems numbered, with Indexes to Titles and
First Lines, and in each volume a fine Portrait of the
MEADOW GRASS.
poet framed in an engraved border which lends it an
By ALICE BROWN. 12mo, $1 50.
attractive distinction. Bound in a new, firm, and taste This delightful book of New England stories is now
ful style, making beautiful, compact, and inexpensive emphatically recalled to public attention by Miss
volumes which promise to be very popular. Each, 16mo, Brown's new book of similar stories, “ Tiverton Tales."
cloth, gilt top, $1.00; half calf, $2.00; tree calf or Both books are among the very best of their kind, and
flexible levant, $3.00.
the kind is peculiarly good.
Sold by all Booksellers.
Sent, postpaid, by the Publishers,
HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., BOSTON.


1899.]
111
THE DIAL
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF BOOKS TO
BE
ISSUED THIS
FALL
BY
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
FICTION
CASTLE.-Young April. By EGERTON
CASTLE, author of "The Pride of Jennico,"
etc. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. Ready in Octuber.
Hlustrated from drawings by Wenzell.
GIBSON. - My Lady and Allan Darke.
By CHARLES DONNEL GIBSON.
Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. Ready in October.
A fascinating picture of life on a last-century
plantation, with a cleverly constructed under-
current of love and mystery.
HEWLETT.- Little Novels of Italy. By
MAURICE HEWLETT, author of “The Forest
Lovers," etc.
Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. Ready in September.
MASON.- Miranda of the Balcony. By
A. E. W. Mason, author of "The Courtship
of Morrice Buckler," etc.
Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. Ready in September.
Scenes in Spain and Morocco, etc.
SHERWOOD. Henry Worthington,
Idealist. By MARGARET SHERWOOD, author
of " An Experiment in Altruism," etc.
Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. Ready in September.
A vigorous study of social and economic
problems, underlying which is a simple, at-
tractive love story.
ZANGWILL.-They That Walk in Dark-
ness. GHETTO TRAGEDIES. By I. ZANGWILL,
author of “Children of the Ghetto," etc.
Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. Ready in November.
ZOLA. - Fruitfulness. By EMILE ZOLA,
author of “Lourdes," "Rome," " Paris,"
etc.
Two vols, 12mo, $2.00. Ready in October.
The first of a new series, of which the other
volumes are to be “Work," "Truth," and
" Justice.
HISTORICAL FICTION.
CRAWFORD.- Via Crucis. A ROMANCE
OF THE SECOND CRUSADE By F MARION
CRAWFORD, author of "Saracinesca," "Cor-
leone," etc.
Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. Ready in October.
Illustrated from drawings by Louis Loeb.
BARNES. - Drake and His Yeomen. A
TRUE ACCOUNTING OF THE CHARACTER AND
ADVENTI'RES OF SIR FRANCIS DRAKE, AS TOLD
BY SIR MATTHEW MAUNSELL, HIS FRIEND AND
FOLLOWER, WHEREIN IS SET FORTH MUCH OF
THE NARRATOR'S PRIVATE HISTORY. Ву
JAMES BARKES, author of “Yankee Ships and
Yankee Sailors," etc. Illustrations by
Carlton Chapman.
Cloth, 12mo, $2.00. Ready in October.
Based on a matter of absolute record in his-
tory, but such history as reads like a romance.
DIX. - Soldier Rigdale. How He SAILED
IN THE “MAYFLOWER" AND HOW HE SERVED
MILES STANDISH. By BEULAH MARIE Dix,
author of “Hugh Gwyeth."
Cloth, 8vo, $1.50. Ready in September.
CANAVAN. - Ben Comee. A TALE OF
ROGERS' RANGERS. By M. J. CANAVAN.
Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. Rendy in October.
With illustrations by George Gibbs.
FROISSART. - Stories from Froissart.
Edited by H. NEWBOLT. With many full-
page illustrations after the early MS.
Cloth, 12mo. Ready in September.
ILLUSTRATED BOOKS.
CRAWFORD. Saracinesca. Illustrated
edition. By F. MARION CRAWFORD, author
of " Corleone," etc. With illustrations by
Orson Lowell. Two volumes.
Cloth, 12mo, $5.00. Ready in November.
EARLE. - Child Life in Colonial Days.
By ALICE MORSE EARLE, author of “Home
Life in Colonial Days," etc. Profusely illus-
trated,
Cloth, 12mo, $2.50. Ready in November.
BRUN.- Tales of Languedoc. By SAMUEL
JACQUES BRUN. With an Introduction by
HARRIKT W. PRESTON. New edition.
Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. Ready in October.
Folk-lore and fairy tales illustrated by
Ernest C. Peixotto.
JOHNSON.-Among English Hedgerows.
BY CLIFTON JOHNSON. Introduction by
HAMILTON W. MABIE. Illustrated from orig-
inal photographs.
Cloth, crown 8vo. Ready in October.
MARBLE.- Nature Pictures by Amer-
ican Poets. Edited by Mrs. ANNIE RUS-
SELL MARBLE. With illustrations in photo-
gravure.
Cloth, crown 8vo. Ready in October.
Aims to foster acquaintance with American
poets and painters.
WELLS. - A Jingle Book. By CAROLIN
WELLS. Illustrated by Oliver Herter.
Cloth, crown 8vo. Rrady in September.
The charm of the bright jingles is heightened
by appropriate drawings, full of quaint humor.
WISE.- Diomed. THE LIFE, TRAVELS, AND
OBSERVATIONS OF A Dog. By JOHN SER-
GBANT WISE. Over 100 illustrations by J.
Linton Chapman.
Cloth, 12mo. Ready in September.
A story of Virginian home life from a setter
dog's point of view, being his autobiography
and philosophy.
Special illustrated books are described in
other groups.
BIOGRAPHY.
HAPOOOD.-Abraham Lincoln. THE MAN
OF THE PEOPLE. By NORMAN HAPGOOD, au-
thor of " Daniel Webster," etc. Illustrated.
Cloth, crown 8vo. Ready in October.
LIEBER. - Francis Lieber. HIS LIFE,
TIMES, AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY. Edited
by LEWIS R. HARTLEY, Central High School,
Philadelphia.
Cloth, crown 8vo. Ready in September.
of interest to all, and preëminently to those
who knew Professor Lieber a distinguished
member for fifteen years of the faculty of
Columbia College.
PEPYS.- The Diary of Samuel Pepys.
Edited by HENRY B. WHEATLEY, F.8.A. Vol.
IX. Containing Pepsyiana and Index, con-
cluding the work. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50 net.
Ready in September.
SPARKS. – The Men Who Made the
Nation. By EDWIN E. SPARKS, University
of Chicago. Fully illustrated.
Cloth, 12mo. Ready in October.
Practically an outline of the history of the
United States in a series of biographical
pictures.
HISTORY.
APPIAN.-The Roman History of Appian
of Alexandria. Translated from the Greek
by HORACE WHITE, LL.D. Two volumes.
I. FOREIGN WARS. II. CIVIL WARS.
Cloth, 8vo. Ready in September.
MACDONALD. Select Charters and
Other Documents Illustrative of Amer-
ican History, 1606-1775. Edited, with
potes, by WILLIAM MACDONALD, editor of
“ Select Documents Illustrative of the His-
tory of the United States, 1776-1861."
Cloth, 8vo. Ready in September.
SMITH.-The United Kingdom: A Polit-
ical History. By GOLDWIN SMITH, D.C.L.,
author of "The United States : A Political
History," etc.
Two vols., crown 8vo. Ready in November.
WATSON. - The Story of France. By
the Hon. THOMAS E. WATson. Two volumes.
Vol. II. FROM THE END OF THE REIGN OF
Louis XV. TO THE CONSULATE OF NAPOLEON
BONAPARTE.
Cloth, 8vo, $2.50. Ready in September.
"It will be the crown of the entire work.
We have every right to expect it to be an ex-
position which will attract the notice of the
world."- The Evening Telegraph (Philadel-
phia).
BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE
GARLAND.- Boy Life on the Prairies.
By HAMLIN GARLAND, author of “Prairie
Folks," etc.
Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. Ready in November.
Full of graphic, healthy realism.
THACHER. The Listening Child. A
SELECTION FROM THE STORES or ENGLISH
VERSE. By Lucy W. S. THACHER. With an
Introduction by THOMAS WENTWORTH HIG-
GINSON, Cloth, 12mo. Ready in October.
A well-considered, discriminating selection
from the treasures of verse by English and
American poets.
WRIGHT.- Wabbeno the Magician. By
MABEL OSGOOD WRIGHT, author of "Bird.
craft," "Fourfooted Americans," etc. Fully
illustrated by Joseph M. Gleeson.
Cloth, 12mo. Ready in September.
The sequel to “Tommy Anne and the Three
Hearts.
The Macmillan Announcement List for the coming season contains so many titles that
but a few are mentioned here. A similar selection of Forthcoming Books on Literature,
Archæology, Education, Politics, Philosophy, and the Sciences will follow on September 16.
Send for a fuller and complete List now in Press of the Forthcoming Books of
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK CITY..


112
[Sept. 1, 1899.
THE DIAL
IMPORTANT NEW FICTION.
Men
NOVELS
READY SHORTLY.
ANTHONY HOPE'S NEW NOVEL,
THE KING'S MIRROR.
R. HOPE'S new romance pictures the life of a prince and king under conditions modern,
and yet shared by representatives of royalty almost throughout history. The inter-
actions of the people and royalty, the aspirations of the prince, the intrigues surrounding
him, the cares of state, and the craving for love, are some of the motives developed, with the
accompaniments of incident and adventure, wherein the author proves his mastery of sus-
pended interest and dramatic effect. In the subtle development of character nothing that
this brilliant author has written is shrewder than this vivid picture of a king's inner life. It
is a romance which will not only absorb the attention of readers, but impress them with a
new admiration for the author's power. The novel is aptly and effectively illustrated by Mr.
Frank T. Merrill.
AVERAGES.
By ELEANOR STUART, Author of " Stone Pastures."
OVELS of New York have sometimes failed through lack of knowledge of the theme,
but the brilliant author of “ Averages” and “Stone Pastures” has had every oppor.
tunity to know her New York well. She has been able, therefore, to avoid the extremes of
“high life ” and “ low life,” which have seemed to many to constitute the only salient phases
of New York, and she paints men and women of every day, and sketches the curious inter-
dependence and association or impingement of differing circles in New York. There is a
suggestion of the adventurer, a figure not unfamiliar to New Yorkers, and there are glimpses
of professional life, and the existence of idlers. Averages” is not a story of froth or slums,
but a brilliant study of actualities, and its publication will attract increased attention to the
rare talent of the author.
RECENTLY PUBLISHED.
SNOW ON THE HEADLIGHT.
By CY WARMAN, author of " The Story of the Railroad," etc.
“ As a writer of tales of the modern rail Mr. Warman is without a peer."— Philadelphia Record.
A DOUBLE THREAD.
By ELLEN THORNEYCROFT FOWLER, author of "Concerning Isabel Carnaby.”
“ Even more gay, clever, and bright than •Concerning Isabel Carnaby.'”– Boston Herald.
A DUET, with an Occasional Chorus.
By A. CONAN DOYLE, author of Uncle Bernac," " Brigadier Gerard,” etc.
“It is all very sweet and graceful.”—London Telegraph.
THE MORMON PROPHET.
By LILY DOUGALL, author of "The Mermaid,” “ The Madonna of a Day," etc.
“ A striking story. . . . Immensely interesting and diverting." —Boston Herald.
WINDYHAUGH.
By GRAHAM TRAVERS, author of “ Mona Maclean, Medical Student," etc.
“ The author draws her characters with the clever strokes of the successful artist; the story never
for a moment palls.”—Boston Herald.
These books are for sale by all Booksellers; or they will be sent by mail, postpaid, on receipt of price by the publishers,
D. APPLETON & COMPANY, 72 Fifth Ave., New York.


THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGB
.
.
.
.
.
.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
GOETHE IN STRASSBURG.
each month. TERMS or SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage
prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries
Goethe reached Strassburg on the second of
comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must
April, 1770, being twenty years and seven months
be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the
current number. REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by express or
old. He remained there until August of the fol-
postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUB and lowing year, or until he had reached the age of
for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application; twenty-two. If, as Uhland maintains, the Minster
and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATzs furnished
rustled all its stony foliage as young Goethe was
on application. All communications should be addressed to
carving his name into its tower, then
may
the ven-
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
erable city itself well have felt a thrill throughout
its foundations at the moment when the splendid
No. 317. SEPT. 1, 1899. Vol. XXVII. youth first stepped down from the Frankfurt post-
coach in front of the Spirit Inn.” The three years
of university life in Leipzig had been in many re-
CONTENTS.
spects a disappointment to the young student, still
more so to his ambitious father. It will not do to
exalt one ideal of culture by depreciating the best
GOETHE IN STRASSBURG. James Taft Hatfield 113 which has been developed elsewhere: it was no
wonder that, in the middle of the eighteenth cen-
COMMUNICATION
116
tury, the proud splendors of the French power and
The Right Books for Children. Charles Welsh.
intellect arrested the wondering attention of "Vet-
ter Michel," just rubbing his eyes and coming to the
THADDEUS STEVENS. George W. Julian
117
consciousness of his own possibilities. Paris was
HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH DRAMA. Richard
recognized as the centre of the world's elegance and
Burton
civilization, and these things are not so cheap or
120
powerless that they can be lightly reckoned with.
“THRONE-MAKERS," AND OTHERS. Percy If Esau, by association with his "smooth” brother,
Favor Bicknell.
122 can subdue something of his own redness and hair-
iness, it will not be to his disadvantage: but let him
THE ORIGIN OF GAMES. Frederic Starr
123
give good heed to it that he do not at the same time
part with his peculiar birthright for a mess of pot-
THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE AND ITS RE-
tage. Our accusation against Leipzig, the “ Paris in
PEAL. F. H. Hodder.
124 miniature" that"refined its people,” is that it subsist-
ed entirely on borrowed culture: elegance, gallantry,
IN AUSTRALIAN WILDS. Ira M. Price .
126
and fine taste were its law and gospel, and this code
AGAIN THE CASE OF CUBA. Selim H. Peabody 128
was enforced by the dictation of an unusually close
corporation of organized social influences.
Hill's Cuba and Porto Rico.- Clark's Commercial
Cuba. - Porter's Industrial Cuba.
The youth from Frankfort, who had by no means
come from a milieu which represented the ultra-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
. 131
exclusive set even in that somewhat patriarchal city,
Literary relations between France and England. -
was imposed upon and brought into subjection by
The looked-for" break-up" of Chida.-The mystery
this affected, precious, superficially-clever, heart-
of what is called “ Yiddish."- Mr. Whistler's incon suppressing, conventional aristocracy: his Pegasus,
gruities. - A concise manual of French art. – Some docked and groomed, in a gilded harness and with
sprightly old-time gossip.-A volume of papers on Old the tightest of check-reins, minced along before a
English Law.- Memoirs of a soldier under Napoleon. stylish barouche, instead of soaring with mighty
-Some Colonial mansions and their tenants.
wing over the tops of all mountains. On returning
to Frankfort, he finds that very German place a
BRIEFER MENTION . .
134
rude, cheerless den of Philistinism, and it is in hope
LITERARY NOTES
of going farther under the tutelage of the “grand
135
nation" that he betakes himself to the French city,
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS. .
Strassburg, to complete his studies. He makes a
goodly sight as he steps down from the post-coach
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
135 lately mentioned. Robert Louis Stevenson remarks
.
.
.
.
.
.
· 135


114
(Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
that he never saw any man who seemed worthy to wearied of celebrating the praises of the beauty of
inspire love,-no, nor read of any, except Leonardo Alsace, its rocks and bills, its forests and fields,
da Vinci, and perhaps Goethe in his youth. The rivers, meadows, and towns. From Goethe in
year and a half of imprisonment in the sick-room is Strassburg we date that masterly treatment of Na-
over : his powers are equal to what is to be de ture in literature, at the same time sentimental and
manded of them; he brings once more ebullient realistic, which came as an enlivening power into
youthful spirits, joy, courage, and the fire of life, German letters, and to which we owe no little of
à wealth of sensibility and responsiveness to all the imperishable charm of “Werther” and a thou-
esthetic influences. He is ready to win immediate sand secondary streams which flowed from that
confidence, and is of a nature which goes out to refreshing source.
he
has all the prepossession which derives from a beau the greatest achievements of German national spirit
tiful person, elegance of fashion, and an abundance and character, so was its cathedral a mighty work
of money. Under the influence of the beautiful of Gothic architecture, an expression of the vigor of
spirit,” Fräulein von Klettenberg, there has lately the German soul which had long waited the voice
occurred an awakening of the religious nature, and which should tell abroad its power and meaning.
he holds that earnest theory of life which gives it In Goethe the voice was found to herald forth this
dignity and meaning.
truth in joyous polemic. In Leipzig, under the
A discovery which the young man soon makes is, influence of the pseudo-Grecian French classicism,
that Strassburg, upon nominally French soil, is far the term “Gothic” had meant to him (as to other
more German than bad been Leipzig, in the very people who made a conscience of being strictly
heart of Germany. The result of his life here is “correct” and contemporary in matters of taste)
the opening of his eyes to what the spirit of his own the sum-total of all that was chaotic, inorganic, un-
people is, and his being forever saved for that spirit, natural, over-loaded, and patched-together; signifi-
to become its embodiment and its prophet. The cantly, however, the object to which he eagerly
intellectually-ambitious group of men at his boarding. turned his first footsteps was this great monument,
house is German, using his native tongue. As was and it made the complete conquest of his great
natural enough, these striving young spirits made spirit; from the moment of this visit, he was its
themselves acquainted with the superb achieve victim, its devotee, and in silence and apart he gave
ments of the French mind, and received therefrom himself up to it, immersed himself in it, until it
a quickening of power and an expanded ideal, but began — like every majestic work of art, and upon
they were too earnest, genuine, and hearty to be the only conditions under which anything superla-
bound over to the worship of passing idols. tively great and good ever yields up its riddle - to
It was in Strassburg that Goethe's heart re gradually whisper to him who had so reverently
sponded to the mighty charm of the natural beauty surrendered himself to it the secret of its spell.
of his own country, an element in the German tem With the awakening of the native German spirit
perament wbich has been of priceless poetic value, within him, he began to look upon
this cathedral as
and one which we, in our great and beautiful and an organic outgrowth of the German soul, and to
rich land, for the most part have either failed to recognize its significance in that great lesson for his
develope, or have tamely allowed ourselves to be age and his people :
robbed of. Industrialism, the selfishness of capital, " Ans Vaterland, abs teure, schliess dich an,
which rusbes by the shortest way to get the largest
Das halte fest mit deinem ganzen Herzen!
immediate money-returns without waiting until the
Hier sind die starken Wurzeln deiner Kraft."
natural right of the people to beauty in their daily “Our age,” he cries out in his tribute to the noble
surroundings has been made sure, builds its ugly fac- building, “ has surrendered its own heritage, it has
tories, disfigures our cities with tasteless buildings, sent its sons abroad to gather foreign products to
uncared-for streets, telegraph-poles, grim skeletons their own destruction. Our native genius must not
of bridges and elevated roads, cuts up our landscape consent to soar aloft on any borrowed wings — even
with hideous fences, and seizes upon natural points of though they were the very wings of the morning!"
picturesque vantage which should be forever held by This new consciousness, which dared to assert the
the people and for the people,- as they are in Ger- right-to-be of an architecture not appropriated bod.
many! The man among us who puts up unsightly ily from ancient Greece, has in our own century
houses and unpainted sheds is neither molested by brought to conclusion the Cathedral of Cologne and
law nor visited by lynching parties, whereas in the Minster of Ulm, and rescued them, in full beauty
Germany there would be as universal a riot in such and honor, to be a joy to ages yet to come.
a case as if a well-known brewery should attempt to Our young student by no means adopts that
adulterate a favorite beer. The German landscape hedonistic theory of life which makes “ beer and
(for such it must be called) of Alsace disclosed itself skittles " the object of existence: he has an almost
with magic beauty to Goethe upon his very arrival, unnatural appreciation of the unique formative value
for almost the first thing wbich he did was to climb of this period for his whole future. As he writes,
to the top of the cathedral and gain a view of the " The years at the university by right demand the
panorama which lay spread before him. He never concentrated exercise of all of one's intellectual


1899.)
115
THE DIAL
veses.
MY SELF.
powers. It is the time, the good or careless use of « The father .. would see if I write as good en-
which we continue to feel throughout life.” Emer glish as Lupton german. . . . Lupton is a good fellow,
son, in “Representative Men," sums up Goethe's
a marry, invetious fellow as I see it in his letter, which
aim as Culture: not what a man can accomplish, but
is wroten whit a spirit of jest, much laudably moderated
what can be accomplished in him. This earnest and
by the respect, he owes to his master. But one can see,
that he is no yet acquainted, with the fair and delicate
untiring striving " in virum perfectum” is the note
manners of our language. . . . Think on it sister thou
of Goethe's entire student-life in Strassburg. He
art a happy maiden, to have a brother who makes english
recognizes that the student must not lay claim to be,
I pray thee be not haugty thereof.
but must be content to become; that when he ven-
“ A SONG OVER THE UNCONFIDENCE TOWARDS
tures to look with complacency upon any complete
attainment, that very hour he ceases to be a true
"Thou knowest how heappily they Freind
student. The group to which he belongs is domi-
Walks upon florid Ways;
nated by a passion for right critical judgment, and
Thou knowst how heavens bounteous hand
for an understanding of the reasons which underlie
Leads him to golden days.
“But hah! a cruel ennemy
it; and yet he perceives that the attempt to make a
Destroies all that Bless ;
final analysis of wsthetic sensations is an elusive
In Moments of Melancholy
quest. “Beauty is, once for all, inexplicable: it is
Flies all my Heappiness. .
a wavering, glittering vision, whose contour can be
“But when they then my prayer not hear
fixed by no definition; the case is like catching
I break my wispring lire;
butterflies: the poor creature flutters in the net and
Then from my eyes runns down a tear,
rubs off its most beautiful colors ; even if we can
Extinguish th' incensed fire.
capture it uninjured, we keep it as something stiff
“Then curge I, Freind, the fated sky,
And from th' altar I fly;
and lifeless the dead body is not the entire crea-
And to my Freinds aloud I cry
ture, something is missing, an important something,
Be happier thon I. ..
and, in this instance, as in all similar ones, a very
superlatively important thing: the life, the spirit gather all my forces, to perfection it. Visiting my let-
which animates the whole.” Pretty sound ästhetics
ters, ye shall have found many faults, ye may pardon."
this, in a familiar letter of a student who is not
Further, we have this gallant defence of a maiden
twenty-one years old! Along with theory goes prac-
who has made an undesirable match :
tice in writing, which brings his best resources into
“But sister, let us dam no man. I've courage enough
play, and which developes, even here, a sound, clear,
to take her party. Think her education sister, and then
and full-flowing style. How catholic and mature
dam her if thou darest. A maiden, of no great natural
the tastes, how full the acquisitions, which he bas
genius, she lives her first Years in the company of her
brought with him, can only be indicated. In Leip- parents and sisters. They are all honnest men, but how
zig and Frankfort he had already taken on a stately form a womens heart to his heapyness they understand
freight of information in the fields of philosophy not."
and theology, jurisprudence and political economy, The psychological truth here is perhaps more to be
medicine and natural sciences, history and antiqui- admired than the form in which it is put.
ties, art and poetry. His eager mind lays hold of The hundred varied interests, all so keenly pur-
everything which interests the human spirit. There sued, split up the days, to be sure, but as Goethe
were the ancient classics, works on art, law-studies said, “One has always time enough when one wishes
taken up vigorously; German history and antiqui to employ it well,” and he accomplished roundly
ties, German authors, from Luther down ; studies of whatever he undertook. There is no priggishness
the Strassburg dialect and the folk-songs of Alsace; or arid self-consciousness in all this striving : he has
natural history, electricity, travel, and medicine; sympathy which causes other young men to
the young man also elected some serious courses in seek his advice,
a pretty good test.
He warns
chemistry and anatomy. In English there were such a friend against idealizing him, and, with all
Shakespeare, Goldsmith, and Smollet, Percy's Re that he has done and learned, he counts himself far
liques, Ossian and ancient Scottish ballads; in French, from wise enough to give counsel,- in both respects
an energetic and penetrating study of the poets and offering suggestions for our own generation of stu-
thinkers, and -- as was natural in Strassburg - an dents, among whom a talented and moderately-
attempt at the practical mastery of the language equipped young head has often the manner of know-
itself, in which (in spite of the most favorable con ing more about everything than any one person can
ditions) Goethe himself concludes to be content with possibly know about anything.
a relative perfection. Goethe's practical achieve Who shall do justice to that simple love-story of
ments in English, which he had pursued from youth Sesenheim, in its happy, peaceful rural setting, an
ap, and to which he had especially applied himself idyl imperishable in its power to make us forget
in the Leipzig days, have left some monuments be-
“The fardel coarse of customary life's
hind them. Some comfort may be derived by those
Exceeding injucundity."
who are struggling with an alien idiom in reading Friederike is one of those dear maidens who are
his English letters to his sister during this period. forever surrounded by a refreshing ether, a hover-
a fresh


116
(Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
ing minister of joy to others, full of capable help by Shakespeare bis being had been infinitely wid-
fulness, worthy of all respect and love, combining in ened, that all things had become new and strange.
rare balance those happy extremes of gaiety and “ The first page which I read made me his captive
discretion, prudence and light-heartedness, naïvete forever; and when I had finished one work of his,
and self-consciousness. She is an “out-of-doors” I stood like a man born blind, whose sight had been
girl, seen at her best when running like a light- restored by a miracle." To Shakespeare he sur-
footed deer over a rustic path, vying in graceful rendered himself unconditionally, even as he had
charm with the flowering fields, and in indestructi. already capitulated to the cathedral.
ble cheerfulness with the blue sky above her little From this Strassburg stage, equipped with the
blonde head,
resources which it has brought, our young hero
goes
“And round her happy footsteps blow
forth to create, one after another, those noble works
The authentic airs of Paradise.”
of art which have become the priceless treasure of
The love came naturally and truly, “as though in
humanity. It is one of the sacred trusts committed
sport.” Five days after their meeting we have the to each generation, that it shall preserve these works
young man's first letter, which reveals to us that in their freshness and perfection, and transmit them,
two hearts have found and understood each other. unimpaired, to the ages which are to come.
It is a " love that makes him thrice a man,” in
JAMES Tart HATFIELD.
Tennyson's phrase, that heightened his powers of
creation and expression, which had been starved and
frozen in superfine society: in Kleine Blumen,
kleine Blätter” is reached the crowning glory of all
COMMUNICATION.
lighter German lyrics (thus Erich Schmidt, princeps
literatorum). We do not excuse the young man's
THE RIGHT BOOKS FOR CHILDREN.
thoughtlessness in not having fully reasoned out the
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
result, while allowing himself to gravitate easily and
In the matter of selecting the right books for our
deeply into the relation of accepted son-in-law; if it children, we still have to educate our educators," and
was really due to the integrity of his great life-plan your recent article on the subject, Mr. Walter Taylor
that he should not be permanently hampered by a Field's letter in your issue of August 1, together with
nature as limited in certain directions as was hers many other important utterances of men and women of
(though some later facts cast a grim light on this
authority, which have been put forth during the past
theory), he should have had courage to rend sooner
few years, all tend to show a steady growth of a wiser
and healthier public opinion.
the flowery fetters which were binding two lives
We can reach our little ones only through the home
closer and closer.
and through the school, and I believe that the old-
In Strassburg, then, Goethe found the true canon fashioned reading books, full of orts and scraps of lit-
of poetry,
“ Look in thy heart, and write”; he erature, thrown together with no intelligent grouping
escaped from conceits and conventionalities to life, or with no plan of correlation, have had much to do with
and to the faith that poetry is the necessary outlet the begetting of the craving for the “ tidbit” class of
for the pressure of deep, powerful emotions.
reading which is so much to be deplored. Newspapers
Nor will we by any means reckon it the least
and magazines have long fostered and encouraged this
taste.
important gain of the student-days in Strassburg
An important duty devolving upon those who pro-
that it was there that the youth, with all his gaiety,
vide and select reading for the young is that of encour-
came under the tonic influence of Herder, the man
aging more concentration and less desultoriness; and
who had fought his way, with baffled blows, on a we shall secure the concentrated attention of the chil-
bitter field of adversity, and had learned the reali dren if we give them the right books. The world's
ties of life, and how to estimate them comparatively. literature is full of pleasure-books which stimulate and
Irritable and censorious, he never approved or was
uplift while they delight,— books which the children
satisfied with Goethe's work, and the greatness with
can enjoy without taking harm. " There is a land of
which the cheerful student submitted to this trench-
pure delight, where books immortal reign,” and it is to
this land that we would guide the willing feet of our
ant dogmatism is not to be unnoticed as a mark of
little ones.
These views are recognized by all our ad-
his magnanimity. Herder taught him the popular
vanced educational authorities, and there is a growing
nature of true poetry, that it is the necessary pro- tendency to give children books in their entirety, instead
duct of the inner consciousness of a nation or a of bits from books, or editions of classic works in which
race; he disclosed to him the poverty of German everything but the movement and incident have been
literature, caused Goethe even to doubt his own eliminated.
No book has suffered more from this treatment than
powers, and led him to the deep well of the Hebrew
poets, to Ossian, and above all to Shakespeare. As
“ Robinson Crusoe," and of the countless editions on
Keats, on first looking into Chapman's Homer, felt
the market there are scarcely any complete ones issued
at a popular price. When I read “Robinson Crusoe"
“like some watcher of the skies
as a boy at school, in an edition denuded of everything
When a new planet swims into his ken,"
but the doings of the hero, I wondered in a boyish way
80 our young poet, under the magisterial guidance how he must have felt at being thus alone on a desert
of Herder, experienced with a wonderful power that island. I imagined his fears and his terrors, and when


1899.]
117
THE DIAL
in later years I read the book in its completed form I
found that its author had made it not only a book of
The New Books.
exciting action, but full of psychological interest,
scarcely any of which would be beyond the understand-
ing of the young reader, because it is the logical out-
THADDEUS STEVENS.*
come of the situation in which Robinson Crusoe found
himself.
The Life of Thaddeus Stevens fitly takes its
Books should be as carefully selected for children as rank in the American Statesmen " series, and
the food they eat, and young people should not be will be welcomed by a large constituency of
allowed to browse among books that have not been se-
lected for them, to range free over every field and pas-
appreciative readers. He was the son of Joshua
ture. They may have an instinct of food which more and Sally Stevens, and was born on the 4th of
cultivated palates lose; but it is an error to suppose April, 1792, in Danville, Vermont, where the
that evil will always fall off their minds like water principal peaks of the White and Franconia
from a duck's back. If they are not harmed by what
Mountains and the Green Mountains are vis-
they do not understand, and if they often assimilate
what is of use to them, and what no one would ever
ible. Of his ancestry but little is known, but
have dreamed of suggesting to them, it is difficult for they were of Anglo-Saxon stock. His father
any of us to say exactly when the understanding of was desperately poor, and wanting in enterprise
harm does begin, and it is better to keep children alto-
and thrift; but according to all accounts his
gether away from the possibility of it in their reading.
“ Art is noble, but the sanctity of a human soul is
mother was a woman of remarkable character
nobler still," and it is impossible to say at what stage
and strength of mind. Thaddeus was a sickly
the passions cease to be silent, and tastes have been child, and as he could not work on the farm
formed.
his mother sent him to Dartmouth College, in
Dr. Johnson says: “I would put a child into a library which he graduated at the age of twenty-two.
where no unfit books are, and let him read at his choice.
A child should not be discouraged from reading any-
Mr. McCall gives the chief incidents in the
thing which he takes a liking to, because it is above his pioneer life of Stevens, and the story recalls
reach. If this is the case, the child will soon find out the kindred experience of many famous Amer-
and desist; if not, he of course gains the instruction, icans who have fought their way through pov-
which is so much the more likely to come from the
inclination with which he takes up the study.” All very
erty and hardship to distinction and usefulness.
good and true; but books are good for boys and girls
We cannot dwell upon details. He chose the
only as they are ready for them. It often happens that law as his profession, and finally located in
when a child has taken up a book that has failed to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, where his brilliant
interest him, it has left a memory behind which has
prevented him from looking into it when he has come
success in the management of a remarkable
across it again in later life. If he had found the book
murder case at once made him locally famous.
when he was ready for it, it would have fallen on good
In 1842 he removed to Lancaster, where he
ground and brought forth fruit. So we should provide immediately took high rank as a lawyer.
groups of books for children to select from, not seeking In the early days of his practice he took no
books which we think a child ought to be ready for at
a certain stage of his development, and force them
part in politics. The Federal party, to which
upon him, but we should let him have a wide range,
he had been attached, had passed away. The
within certain very broad limits; and in making the party headed by Jackson had no charm for him.
selection it may be generally said that the prime requi- When the abduction and murder of Morgan
sites in the reading to be provided for the child are,
created the Anti-Masonic party, he became one
that it should be interesting, wholesome, true, and good
literature. With these criteria in mind, the task should
of its leaders. The movement disappointed
not be so difficult as it may at first sight appear.
him, however, and he identified himself with
While I am generally in sympathy with all that Mr. the Whig party, which was then coming to the
Walter Taylor Field says in the letter to which I have front. He took the stump for Harrison in
referred above, I think that he is a little hard on “Jack
the Giant-Killer." I would not feed children op tales
1840, and for Clay in 1844. In the meantime
of ogres and giants who eat up little boys, nor encour-
he had distinguished himself in the convention
age the reading of the boy bandit and Wild West which met in 1837 to amend the constitution
stories of the news stand; but we cannot shut our eyes of the State, boldly avowing the radical anti-
to the fact that boys must have their fights with the
slavery opinions of his later life. In the leg-
Indians, their adventures by sea and land, their hair-
breadth escapes by flood and field, in their reading.
islature of 1834 he had espoused the policy of
The love of fight is biological and self-preservative. We
free public schools, which aroused a perfect
cannot eradicate it if we would, and we would not erad tempest of opposition throughout the State ;
icate it if we could. There is plenty of it, however, in but by the phenomenal power of a single great
the classic works of our great authors, without going speech he turned the tables upon his opponents,
to the dime novel to find it.
CHARLES WELSH.
*THADDEUS STEVENS. By Samuel W. McCall.
“Amer-
Boston, August 24, 1899.
ican Statesmen Series." Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.


118
[Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
made himself the idol of the State, and won a Lincoln, on the 8th of December, 1863, and
victory which he regarded as the greatest known as the Presidential plan, under which
achievement of his life. His service in the state Louisiana proceeded to establish a State gov-
legislature extending through a series of years, ernment, provided for no guardianship of the
was distinguished by rare courage and inde- United States over the organization of State
pendence, by great ability in debate, and by governments, no law to prescribe who should
ready wit which he always employed with un vote, no civil functionaries to see that the law
erring effect. His reputation, however, was was faithfully executed, no supervising author.
bounded by State lines until his first election ity to control the election. President Johnson's
to Congress in 1849, when fifty-eight years of North Carolina order was exactly one in theory
age. The way was now opened for his leader with Lincoln's Louisiana plan. It appointed
ship in a wider field. The acquisition of for a governor of North Carolina, and ordered him
eign territory had made slavery the overshadow at the earliest practicable time to prescribe rules
ing question, and the seriousness of the crisis for convening a convention composed of dele-
was unprecedented. Probably no Congress gates chosen by the loyal people of the State, the
since the formation of the government had con "loyal people” to include only those who should
tained more eminent men. Stevens was a new take the oath and receive the pardon provided
member, though well advanced in years. He for in the amnesty proclamation; and they
was in no haste to assert himself, and when must be qualified voters according to the laws
urged to do so said, “I will tarry at Jericho till in force at the time of secession. Thus the
my beard grows." He did not dream of the
He did not dream of the work of Reconstruction was placed in the hands
an which awaited him as a great party leader. of the white race, and in effect was put in the
The slave power was then in the ascendant, control of those who had participated in the Re-
and of course would handicap such a man in bellion. Since the latter were greatly in the
the organization of the committees; but it could majority, the formation of the new Constitu-
not silence him. His training as a lawyer and tion which was to establish the conditions of
his extended experience in the State legislature the suffrage and other fundamental rights was
had prepared him for his task. Stevens was to be committed to their hands. In all these
an anti-slavery Whig, and the nine Free Soil proceedings Congress had no voice. Recon-
members of the House held the balance of struction was dealt with as the exclusive prov-
power between the old parties, and voted for ince of the Executive, and was to be initiated
him for Speaker. Cobb of Georgia was finally in all the States whenever demanded by one-
elected. Stevens hated slavery with an in- tenth as many votes as were cast in that State
tensity which would be difficult to characterize. for President in 1860. Stevens had no patience
It was a passion, as seen in the several with such hasty and slipshod legislation, which
speeches made in this Congress, which com so plainly opened the way for the return of the
pare favorably with the best literature of the rebels to power and the surrender of all that
anti-slavery crusade. He voted and spoke the war had established.
against all the compromise measures of 1850, The scheme of Reconstruction known as the
nd rebuked the servility of both Webster and Congressional plan, supported in the Senate by
Clay. He was a member of the House in the Wade and in the House by Winter Davis, pro-
Thirty-second Congress, but the Anti-slavery vided that the President should appoint a pro-
agitation had greatly subsided, and his prin- visional governor in each of the States in Re-
cipal speech was devoted to the tariff. In 1859 bellion, and that so soon as resistance to the
he reappeared in the Thirty-sixth Congress, in national authority had ceased in any State the
which he distinguished himself by his masterly governor should enroll the white male citizens,
leadership of the minority which resisted the and if a majority of them should take an oath
cowardly tactics of the famous Committee of to support the Constitution of the United
Thirty-three.
States, then the election of delegates to a con-
Buf the great fact in the life of Stevens was stitutional convention should be ordered. The
his matchless leadership in dealing with the State constitution should contain certain pro-
question of Reconstruction. That question
That question visions, and when these had been complied with
involved the whole problem of the Civil War. to the satisfaction of Congress the President
Stevens so understood it, and in the very be should recognize the State government, and the
ginning of the war he sounded the cry of dan State should thereupon be entitled to repre-
ger. The plan of Reconstruction proposed by sentation in Congress. Although the bill em-


1899.]
119
THE DIAL
bodying this plan was more stringent in its be admitted to the Union until the principles
provisions than Lincoln's plan, Stevens would embodied in his proposed amendments to the
not accept it. He declared that it partially Constitution should be established in that in-
acknowledged the rebel States to have rights strument, and especially the amendment basing
under the constitution, which he denied, insist representation upon the number of legal voters.
ing that war had abrogated them all. In this If they should be admitted with the basis un-
particular the supporters of the Congressional changed, they would, with the aid of Northern
Plan agreed with the Democrats, who talked Democrats, " at the
very
first election take pos-
about "an indissoluble union of indestructible session of the White House and the halls of
States ” and opposed any sort of Reconstruc- Congress.” They might assume the Confed-
tion. All that was necessary was for each of erate debt, repudiate the Union debt, and re-
the seceded States to resume its place in the establish slavery. He proposed to take no such
Union under the Constitution and laws of such chances while the North was
chances while the North was the conqueror, and
State at the close of the conflict.
boldly proposed negro suffrage, declaring the
It is true that if the Rebellion had been doctrine that this was a “white man's govern-
nipped in the bud, or had been abandoned be ment to be “ as atrocious as the infamous
fore it assumed its gigantic proportions, no sentiment that damned the late chief justice to
reconstruction of the government would have everlasting fame, and I fear to everlasting fire.”
been necessary. But when the conflict ceased
On the 30th of April, 1866, Stevens reported
to be any longer a mere insurrection against to the House the important Fourteenth Amend.
the national authority, and took upon itself the
ment, for submission to the States; and with
character of a war with a foreign power, as the
a few changes in form it ultimately became a
Supreme Court of the United States decided,
part of the Constitution. The report of the
the insurgents became public enemies, and when
Committee on Reconstruction, although largely
conquered were the conquered enemies of the
the work of Stevens, did not go so far as he
United States and subject to the power of the
had desired, and on the last day of the session
conqueror, according to the laws of war appli- he offered amendments giving the blacks an
cable to such a conflict. The nation had a per- equal right of suffrage with the white race, and
fect right to prescribe just such conditions as
supported these amendments in a speech which
it saw fit, looking to indemnity for the past and
was one of the most impressive ever delivered
security for the future. To argue that the men
in the National House of Representatives. He
who carried on this work of devastation for four
was at the time worn out with the work of
years in the name of State Rights should be
the session, his health was slender, he bore the
allowed at the end of the conflict to set up burden of more than the allotted number of
State Rights as a bar to their accountability
years, and very probably the fear that he might
and a reason for their unconditional restoration
not be permitted to return to his seat in the
to power, was a mockery of justice and an insult
House imparted an unusual solemnity to his
to common sense. As citizens of the United
manner and inspired him to make one more
States, they could no more escape their obliga-
- perhaps an expiring effort to do some-
tions than they could run away from their own
thing which shall be useful to my fellowmen;
shadows. Through their treason and rebellion something to elevate and enlighten the poor,
they lost their rights under the Union, but the
the oppressed, and the ignorant in this great
Union lost none of its rights over them. Stevens
crisis of human affairs." He declared that the
so understood matters as early as the session of
black man must have the ballot or he would
Congress beginning in December, 1861, and in
continue to be a slave. There was some alle-
every speech which he made on the subject he
viation to the lot of a bondsman, but “ a free-
reiterated his views, which were far more rad-
man deprived of every human right is the most
ical than those of his party, but which the party
degraded of human beings.”
finally adopted, in substance. In opening the
debate on Reconstruction, December 18, 1865,
“I know it is easy to protect the interests of the rich
and powerful; but it is a great labor to guard the rights
he attacked the position of both Lincoln and
of the poor and down-trodden — it is the eternal labor
Johnson, which assumed that Reconstruction of Sisyphus forever to be renewed. In this, perhaps
was within the province of the Executive. His my final action on this great question, I can see noth-
argument was a Constitutional one, and after
ing in my political course, especially in regard to hu-
man freedom, which I could wish to have expurgated or
expounding his well-known views on this
ques changed. I believe that we must all account hereafter
tion he said that the Rebel States should not
for deeds done in the body, and that political deeds will


120
(Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
be among those accounts. I desire to take to the bar democrat, the friend of the poor and oppressed,
of that final settlement the record which I shall this
and his biographer well says that privilege
day make on the great question of human rights. While
I am sure it will not make atonement for half my
never had a more powerful nor a more con-
errors, I hope it will be some palliation. Are there any
sistent foe.
GEORGE W. JULIAN.*
who will venture to take the list with their negative
seal upon it, and will dare to unroll it before that stern
* In a note on the death of the Hon. George W. Julian, in
The Dial for July 16, we stated that the review of the life
Judge who is the Father of the immortal beings whom
of E. M. Stanton, appearing in that issue, was Mr. Julian's
they have been trampling under foot, and whose souls
last literary work. He was, however, at the time of his death
they have been crushing out ?”
engaged on this review of the Life of Thaddeus Stevens, and
worked upon it during his last few days, but leaving the task
As has been stated, the plan of Reconstruc-
to be finished by another hand. Mr. Julian was a great ad-
tion which was finally adopted conformed very mirer of Stevens, and his association with him in Congress
closely to the ideas that Stevens had long and
during the eventful War and Reconstruction periods gives a
special value to his review of a book which was the subject
persistently advocated. It was promulgated of his last earthly interests. – EDR. THE DIAL.
by Congress, and not by the Executive, as he
had never ceased to contend should be the case.
It applied a radical dogma, which he had long
proclaimed with the voice of one crying in the
HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH DRAMA.*
wilderness, and practically treated the Southern A new edition of Dr. A. W. Ward's mag-
States as conquered provinces and as entitled
num opus, “A History of English Dramatic
to no rights under the Constitution. It pre- Literature,” is particularly welcome, for several
scribed universal suffrage for the black as well reasons. In the first place, the work is beyond
as for the white man, not merely in the forma-
all compare the most exhaustive and important
tion of the new State constitutions, but as an in our tongue in its field. And secondly, un-
enduring part of those instruments. All this like most new editions (which are more prop-
Mr. McCall well sets forth, with more of detail erly described as “impressions,” being simply
than is possible in a review like this ; and he reprints of the same matter), this present issue
concludes the subject by pointing out that the contains so much in the way of rectification,
wisdom which passes judgment upon a situa- improved arrangement, re-phrasing, and en-
tion a third of a century afterwards has an ob- largement, that it might almost be called a new
vious advantage over the wisdom which has to
work upon the lines of the original study of a
deal with it at the time.
quarter of a century ago. The earlier intro-
“We of to-day also lose sight of many of the diffi duction disappears, in order to allow a fuller
which have disappeared in the distance. The choice which tre
treatment in the body of the study. Much
Stevens and the statesmen associated with him were
valuable new critical material is made use of
compelled to make did not lie between the course actu-
and the desire to throw upon the study all pos-
ally adopted and an ideal condition of things. In the sible light is everywhere apparent. When this
light in which they acted, they were compelled to deal
monument of scholarly investigation appeared,
with as grave a national situation as ever existed. It
was beyond the power of any surgery at once to deliver
in 1874, it was at once recognized as authori-
society, well and whole, from the condition in which its tative, and has held the position ever since:
errors and crimes had placed it.”
this new issue serves to clinch its claim. It is
The chapter devoted to Stevens's personal
no disparagement of the similar labors of
characteristics, particularly his wit and humor,
scholars like Collier and (later) Fleay, to de-
is exceedingly readable. Îhose who knew him clare that Dr. Ward's survey of the native
will recall other examples as good as those here
drama on its objective side as stage product,
given, for his humor was unfailing; but his
and on its subjective as literature, stands alone
own personality was so large a part of what he
among scholarly achievements by Englishmen.
said that the point must be somewhat dulled
The prime merit of the work, aside from
in the telling
thoroughness, good judgment in ample illustra-
tion, and the deduction of sound principles
Stevens passed away on August 11, 1868, therefrom, lies in this giving of due attention
and his body was buried, according to his ex-
pressed wish, in a small cemetery where black
to the history of the stage, while at the same
time keeping the student to a realization of the
as well as white were admitted, thus illustrat-
ing in death the principles which he had advo-
*A HISTORY OF ENGLISH DRAMATIC LITERATURE to the
cated through a long life, the equality of man
Death of Queen Anne. By Adolphus William Ward, Litt.D.
New and revised edition; in three volumes. New York:
before his Creator. He was preëminently a The Macmillan Co.


1899.)
121
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..
drama's literary splendors. The futility of poetic drama, take his admirable monograph
much of the conventional older criticism has (Vol. I., Chap. IV.) on Shakespeare, in which
been the result of a disproportionate treatment is given an account of the growth of the mas-
of the product as literature alone, overlooking ter's fame. It would be difficult, even in the
the fact that, being in play-form, it demands mass of similar attempts, to indicate another
attention first of all as drama — drama in its eighty pages which tell so much so well, and are
technique as well as in its imaginative triumphs. so little open to criticism. Dr. Ward's sense
Dr. Ward interweaves the two complementary of proportion is happily demonstrated here by
aspects of the study with noteworthy skill, and the half-page he devotes to a mention of the
this generates a feeling of reliance upon his Baconian theory. The critical estimate of
conclusions. The scope of his investigation is, Shakespeare's qualities as a writer is also
of course, very wide. It involves tracing the worthy of all praise for its union of perception
rise of the earliest English drama from the and balance: the power of character-creation
altar-end of the Mother Church (with a side- being placed above all else, and some very sen-
glance at the secular influence of minstrelsy), sible words spoken concerning the poet's ability
its rapid development in the cruder forms of in construction, which, however much it has
miracle, mystery, and morality; its first at been surpassed by modern playwrights, was
tempts at tragedy and comedy formed on the certainly vastly ahead of his time.
classic (mostly Latin) model; the growth of In view of the amount of excellent criticism
Shakespeare and his school; the decadence of on the Elizabethan period which exists in En-
that golden product through the Stuart reigns; glish, the treatment in the third volume of the
the change to the Restoration Comedy, with its later writers, and especially the Queen Anne
brilliant wit, its literary polish, and its social writers, has particular value. This critic's
indecency,-- all this conducting the student to independence and originality of thought appear
the epoch of Queen Anne and closing with a to advantage in his closing remarks on the tail-
look at Steele and Addison as dramatists, end of the Stuart drama. Nothing in the whole
thus stopping short of the classic late eight course of the exposition better illustrates his
eenth century comedy of Sheridan and Gold method and habit of bringing a literary pro-
smith. It would be a great service to the cause duct into vital connection with the national
of dramatic criticism if some scholar equally life, thereby to explain both its merits and
equipped should take up the discussion here, defects. It was because the plays of the Stuart
tell us the story of the drama under the Georges, reigns were untrue to “the higher purposes of
and then trace the now evident, and not unim the dramatic art, to the nobler tendencies of
portant, revival of English-speaking drama the national life, and to the eternal demands
within the past twenty years under such foreign of moral law,” says Dr. Ward, “ that its his-
influence as that of Ibsen and Maeterlinck. tory is that of a decay such as no brilliancy,
Enough has been accomplished already in cur either borrowed or original, can conceal.” In
rent stage literature to justify such a study and tracing the personal history of the dramatists,
to forecast the future in no pessimistic mood. he spares no pains to sift all the evidence and
Dr. Ward exhibits what I may call a sort of present the reader with the probabilities ; but
sublimated common-sense when it comes to the dogmatism is refreshingly absent — the kind of
enunciation of principles. He has a literary theorizing which makes such criticism as that
perception (not to be gained necessarily by any of Fleay so attractive that the student is in
amount of study) which one trusts more and danger of forgetting that clever assumption,
more as one reads further. The survey of the not fact, is before him.
very
hand-
broad, showing a critic quite free from insu some and handy three-volume form which the
larity. And while the manner of these illumi. publishers have given to this revision of a
nating essays can hardly be called brilliant, it standard work,— this form being an indication
is entirely free from pedantic stiffness or ob of the amount of new matter which has been
scurity, and makes an impression, on the whole, incorporated. The dress is at once dignified
of sober elegance. Mr. Swinburne on the elder and cheerful, and will of itself serve to win
dramatists, for example, gives us more sensa general readers for a work which the special
tional reading, but is as unsafe a guide as Dr. student will need no external allurements to
Ward is a safe one. As an instance of the possess himself of and absorb.
value of this contribution to the study of the
RICHARD BURTON.
scholar work done outside our own language is A word should be said as to the


122
(Sept. 1,
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popularly suppose, but romantic.” The very
“THRONE-MAKERS" AND OTHERS.
paradox here goes far toward convincing us,
The men and the nations that fight for free. but when we read elsewhere in the book that
dom and justice, as was said by Senator Hoar “it is a truism that Science has advanced
in a recent speech, are the men and the nations farther in our century than in all preceding
that live in the grateful memory of mankind time,” we are inclined to doubt whether the
not the men or nations who fight for domin author himself is fully persuaded that this is
ion or empire. The sketches of Kossuth and not, first and foremost, an age of material
Garibaldi, in Mr. William Roscoe Thayer's progress, after all. Garibaldi's autobiography
“ Throne-Makers,” will probably give greater furnishes a large part of the material for Mr.
pleasure to his readers than those on Bismarck Thayer's sketch, and it will surprise most read-
and Napoleon III.
ers to learn how comparatively small a part of
The title of throne-maker” strikes one as the Italian hero's eventful career and martial
not the happiest possible to apply to Kossuth, exploits had to do with the land of his birth
the president-governor of independent Hun- and of his affections.
gary; nor, for that matter, do we think of
The secret of Napoleon the Little's power is
Garibaldi –“ the lifelong champion of democ-put in a way that is worth quoting.
racy,” as Mr. Thayer himself calls him - as
« In our individual lives we realize the power of
preëminently a king-maker. But the two memory, suggestion, association. If we have ever yielded
studies are welcome under any title, that on to a vice, we have felt, it may be years after, how the
the Hungarian hero the more so from the sight of the old conditions revives the old temptation.
A glance, a sound, a smell, may be enough to conjure
widely prevalent ignorance on all matters per-
up a long series of events, whether to grieve or to tempt
taining to Austro-Hungarian history. The us, with more than their original intensity. So we learn
historian Freeman has told how it was not un that the safest way to escape the enticement is to avoid
usual for him to “ come across people who
the conditions. Recent psychology has at last begun to
believed that Austria was one land inhabited
measure the subtle power of suggestion.
“ But now suppose that instead of an individual a
by · Austrians ’ who spoke the · Austrian ’ lan whole nation has had a terrific experience of succumbing
guage”; and M. Louis Leger relates, in a pre to temptation, and that a cunning, unscrupulous man,
fatory note to the fourth edition of his history aware of the force of association and reminiscence, de-
of Austro-Hungary, that when the municipality liberately applies both to reproduce those conditions in
which the nation first abandoned itself to excess: the
of Prague sent a set of its publications to a cer-
case we have supposed is that of France and Louis
tain French society, the president of the latter, Napoleon. Before the reality of their story the ro-
in acknowledging the gift, expressed his regret mances of hypnotism pale.”
at not being able to profit by the favor, owing A propos of Napoleon's appeal to his country.
to his ignorance of the Hungarian language. men's patriotism, that “ last refuge of a scoun.
The story of Hungary's struggle for the drel,” Mr. Thayer takes occasion to distinguish
restoration of her acknowledged rights will between glory and gloire, as follows:
always be an interesting one, and certain de-
“Glory implies something essentially noble,nay in
tails in that story point a useful object lesson the Lord's Prayer it is a quality attributed to God him-
at the present time. The quarrels between the self: but gloire suggests vanity; it is the food braggarts
famish after. The minute men at Concord earned true
Hungarian generals and the civil authorities,
the unfortunate refusal of the Magyars to grant
glory; but when the United States, listening to the
seductions of evil politicians, attacked and blasted a
to the Croats, the Serbs and the Wallachs, decrepit power,— fivefold smaller in population, twenty-
those very privileges for which they themselves fold weaker in resources,— they might find gloire among
were fighting, these and other incidents of their booty, but glory, never."
the upheaval of 1848 in Hungary suggest cer Following the “Throne-Makers” are four
tain parallels in more recent history.
“Portraits,” — of Carlyle, Tintoretto (or Tin-
Garibaldi takes the author into what is toret, as Mr. Thayer chooses to write it), Gior-
apparently his favorite field of study, Italian dano Bruno, and Bryant. Of these the Italian
history. “When men look back two or three studies show the most pains. That on Bruno,
hundred years hence, upon
the nineteenth cen. which is based largely on Berti's life of the
tury,” he says in opening, “it may well be that
“ it may well be that martyr and on the minutes of the Venetian
they will discern its salient characteristic to Inquisition, closes with perhaps not the very
have been, not scientific, not inventive, as we happiest attempt to point the moral of the
*THRONE-MAKERS. By William Roscoe Thayer. Boston:
story. The writer gravely assures his readers
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
that “no tribunal, whether religious or political,


1899.]
123
THE DIAL
-
has a right to coerce the conscience and inmost entered. At the time of the World's Colum-
thoughts of any human being "; and he adds bian Exposition at Chicago, he displayed a
the stock allusions to Torquemada and Loyola large exhibit, and printed a paper upon its clas-
and Galileo, duly informing us that the latter sification and bearings that was notably sug-
was threatened with the rack for daring to gestive. Later, and in part at least from the
oppose a theory of the solar system which no influence of the Exposition, he studied the
school-boy of ten could now uphold without games of the Hermit Kingdom and prepared
being set in the corner with a fool's-cap on his his beautiful book - Korean Games.” This
head - all of which would be most excellent in book, while chiefly devoted to Korean, made
an undergraduate's prize essay.
use also of Chinese and Japanese games for
The chapter on Tintoretto — in which, from comparison and was the most important Amer-
the meagerest of materials, the man is made to ican contribution to game study at that time.
stand before us, living and breathing, while Mr. Culin's attention was then turned to Amer-
from bis works we are made acquainted with ican Indian games, of which, with the aid of
the painter — merits high praise, although the Mr. Frank Hamilton Cushing, he made a dili-
writer's enthusiasm will be generally thought gent investigation. Some results of this and
to have broken bounds when he pronounces this preceding studies were exhibited at the Cotton
artist " the mightiest genius who ever honored States and International Exposition at Atlanta
painting.” An eloquent plea for the preserva-
in 1885. The exhibit was considered of such
tion of Tintoretto's fading canvasses is followed interest and value that a gold medal was
by a series of vivid word-pictures of his prin- awarded it.
cipal paintings.
In Mr. Culin's latest work, “Chess and
Mr. Thayer shows in these brief studies a Playing-Cards,” we have a treatise based upon
faculty for going straight to the heart of the and growing out of this collection. It fills some
matter and for carrying his readers with him. 270 pages, and is amply illustrated. The atti-
The apt statement of some truth, whether new tude of the author may be best shown by a quo-
or old, is not infrequently met with in his pages, tation :
as when he says that “ Bryant interprets nature “ The object of this collection is to illustrate the
morally, Emerson spiritually, and Shelley emo-
probable origin, significance, and development of the
tionally," and again when he calls Carlyle the
games of chess and playing-cards. Following up the
Michael Angelo of British prose-writers. Oc-ing, they are both regarded as derived from the divin-
suggestion made to the writer by Mr. Frank H. Cush-
casionally, too, his style betrays a refreshing atory use of the arrow, and as representing the two
originality and picturesqueness, as in his ref. principal methods of arrow-divination. Incidental to
erence to Walt Whitman, “ with cowboy gait,
the main subjects, various games and divinatory pro-
cesses having a like origin, although not leading directly
swaggering up Parnassus, shouting picknames
to chess or cards, are exhibited, as well as specimens of
at the Muses and ready to slap Apollo on the each class from various countries. The basis of the
back." Some of his verdicts as,
for exam-
divinatory systems from which games have arisen is
ple, his estimate of Carlyle as “a historian assumed to be the classification of all things according
without rival” — will not pass unchallenged ;
to the Four Directions. This method of classification
is practically universal among primitive peoples both in
but they are honest opinions and ably defended.
Asia and America. In order to classify objects and
Most of these essays, be it said in conclusion, events which did not in themselves reveal their proper
were first published in various periodicals. assignment resort was had to magic. Survivals of these
PERCY FAVOR BICKNELL.
magical processes constitute our present games.
In the classification of things according to the four
quarters we find that a numerical ratio was assumed to
exist between the several categories. The discovery of
THE ORIGIN OF GAMES.*
this ratio was regarded as an all-important clue. The
cubical dotted die represented one of the implements
No American student of games has done so of magic employed for this purpose. The cubical die
much work as Mr. Culin. Beginning with belongs, however, to a comparatively late period in the
street games of American children he passed
history of games and divination. The almost universal
object for determining number, and thence by counting,
to the games of the Chinese especially those
place or direction, is three or more wooden staves, usu-
into which the element of chance or the lot
ally flat on one side and rounded upon the other. Nu-
merical counts are attributed to their several falls."
* CHESS AND PLAYING CARDS. By Stewart Culin. Wash-
ington, D. C.: Government Printing Office.
As an example of a simple game, where moves
HAWAIIAN GAMES. By Stewart Culin. From The Amer-
ican Anthropologist (N.S.). Vol. I., April, 1899. New York:
along a definite track are determined by the
G. P. Putnam's Sons.
fall of staves, our author cites the Korean


124
[Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
nyout. A game, identically the same in prin. in prehistoric times. The story of their origin
ciple, is found throughout a wide range in Asia from astragali, first natural and then artificial,
and America. It is represented by our Par has been made out: Mr. Culin restates it.
cheesi or Royal Game of India. Such games Perhaps these suggestions will prove worthless
in Asia are usually clearly related to lot-sticks, in the light of increased knowledge.
or slips. These in turn are considered successors That the plays in chess were at first deter-
of ancient thrown arrows. Our author's presen. mined by throws is quite certain. That Chi-
tation of American Indian games is most inter nese and Korean playing-cards are derived
esting. The game of plumstones is widespread. from divination arrows and that lot-slips have
This is a gambling game in which dice made the same origin, Mr. Calin makes clear. Our
usually of fruit pits are shaken in a basket and chess and our playing-cards have been derived
the result counted. In some cases games are from, or largely influenced by, the Oriental
played with teeth of the beaver or woodchuck, games. Wonder is sometimes expressed why
which are marked : these are thrown and the cards, apparently devised for simple play, are
marks showing are counted. Distinct from
Distinct from used in fortune telling. The truth is the play,
these are the staves games, with a diagram not the divination, is derived. The gypsy wo-
along which pieces are moved according to men telling fates with cards is survival, not
counts thrown. In some of these latter games afterthought.
these staves are or can be shown to be divina One may see how much of curious interest
tion arrows. One interesting fact brought out comes out in Mr. Culin's book. Yet he has
by Mr. Culin is that in sets of four staves, not printed all his important studies. He is
three are of one form while the fourth is dif-working along a dozen other lines. Just as we
ferent. There is evidence, both morphological write this notice, his paper on “Hawaiian
and linguistic, that this fourth distinctive staff Games” comes to hand. It aims at fair com-
represents the ancient arrow-throwing stick, pleteness, but is entirely descriptive, going
while the others represent ancient arrows. into neither discussion nor theory. Ninety-one
Of course most students of games study them games are described. Some are simple : others
for evidence of migrations and contacts. Mr. are quite complex.
are quite complex. Some, like cat’s-cradle,
Culin is cautious in making statements along maika (the famous bowling game, played with
this line. Presumably - though he may be
- though he may be discoidal stones upon a specially prepared
undergoing conversion — he holds the view course) and pu-he-ne-he-ne (a gambling, hiding,
now in vogue in this country, that no such evi-game) present particularly interesting points
dence is carried by them and that similarities for investigation. While the treatment is
are due to psychic uniformity and are inde- specifically of Hawaiian games, comparative
pendent growths. The psychic uniformity ar material is continually introduced from other
gument is just now so popular that it begins Polynesian islands.
FREDERICK STARR.
to look somewhat threadbare. It is suggest-
ive that Mr. Culin finds the nyout series of
games, abundant in Asia and America — two
areas where we should expect to find similari THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE AND ITS
ties on the basis of theories that antedate the
REPEAL.*
present psychic uniformity craze. The present
The vacancy in the United States Senate,
reviewer would suggest that it may be worth
caused by the resignation and subsequent
while to separate American Indians into groups death of Henry Clay, was filled by the election
of probably differing origins. From such a
for the remainder of the unexpired term of
point of view it might be interesting to map Archibald Dixon of Kentucky. Mr. Dixon
the tribes, on the basis of games, into areas of
was a pro-slavery Whig of some local reputa-
the nyout type and the plumstone type. The tion. He had been Lieutenant-Governor of his
areas would certainly overlap, but presumably State, had strenuously opposed gradual eman-
an area would be found where the nyout type cipation in the Constitutional Convention of
is absent and the plumstonegame prevails. This 1849, and had been defeated for the governor-
area might be profitably studied in connection ship in the state election just passed. Illness
with the old-world area, where cubical dice are
compelled Mr. Dixon's absence from the Sen-
used independent of a nyout diagram. Europe,
* THE TRUE HISTORY OF THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE AND
on the whole, appears to be such an area. Cu-
ITS REPEAL. By Mrs. Archibald Dixon. Cincinnati: The
bical dice with marked faces were there used Robert Clarke Company.


1899.]
125
THE DIAL
ate during the greater part of the second session bargain between the New England States on
of the Thirty-second Congress. At this session, the one hand, and South Carolina and Georgia
a bill for the organization, without mention on the other, which made the North responsible
of slavery, of the territory west of Missouri, for Southern slavery; the Missouri Compro.
passed the House and failed in the Senate. mise was an unjust and unconstitutional act
The South would not organize that territory forced upon the South by Northern men, and
without slavery, and the North would not or the wrong of this act was finally redressed by
ganize it with slavery. At the next session of the courage and sagacity of the “ Hon. Archi-
Congress, Douglas introduced his celebrated bald Dixon of Kentucky, true Author of the
Nebraska Bill. The bill and its accompanying Repeal of the Missouri Compromise and be-
report were artfully constructed in order to loved husband of the writer,” and these con-
draw Southern votes, upon the theory that the clusions are enforced by repeated assertion
bill repealed the Missouri Compromise, and rather than by evidence and argument.
Northern ones upon the theory that it did not. The treatment of the Missouri Compromise
On January 16, 1854, Mr. Dixon, either fear- is especially inconsistent and contradictory.
ing the issue or preferring a straightforward Page after page is devoted to proof that Clay
course, gave notice of a motion to amend the was not the author of the first Compromise, a
bill by a direct repeal of the Missouri restric-fact now so well known that not even the tra-
tion, and thus forced Douglas to incorporate ditional schoolboy would need to be informed
direct repeal in his bill very nearly in the form of it. Mrs. Dixon admits that slavery excluded
in which it finally passed. But for this motion, free labor from the territories “as effectually as
Mr. Dixon would never have been heard of. As an act of Congress," and then denounces the
it constitutes his only connection with Amer-Compromise of 1820 as working great injus-
ican history, we might not inappropriately call tice to the South by its exclusion of slave
him “ single motion " Dixon.
property. Why it was more unjust to exclude
With this motion as a climax, Mr. Dixon's the Southern slave-owner by prohibiting slav-
widow has written a bulky book of over six ery than to exclude the Northern laborer by
hundred pages, which she calls “ The True admitting it, does not appear. She insists that
History of the Missouri Compromise and its the Compromise was not a Southern measure,
Repeal,” and dedicates it to “The Truth of though it was passed by Southern votes and
History and the People of the United States." was hailed by Southern men at the time as
The author tells us that the work was begun great triumph.” She denies that the Missouri
the year after Mr. Dixon's death, in 1876 ; act was a “solemn compromise" between the
that her library and the partially completed sections, though Clay so described it; and then
manuscript were destroyed by fire in 1893, so she reproaches the North for breaking a com-
that the work had to be re-written. The book pact by delaying the admission of Missouri.
is evidently a labor of love, undertaken as a She seems to consider that the United States
memorial to her husband and completed with and Missouri were the parties to the compact,
great difficulty. Under the circumstances we as if the State, in return for its admission by
sincerely regret that we cannot commend the the United States, could guarantee the exclu-
result. Mrs. Dixon possesses the qualifications sion of slavery from territory beyond its limits.
neither for writing impartial history nor for It is the same old chaff threshed over again.
making a special plea. Her material is drawn | No amount of sophistry can make the Missouri
almost exclusively from the speeches of radical act anything but a compact between the sec-
pro-slavery members of Congress, a study of tions. That it was not legally binding, must
which seems to have warped her judgment and be admitted. That it was morally binding, can-
corrupted her English. The book is encum not be gainsaid.
bered with long quotations from these speeches, The only contribution to history that Mrs.
many of them of slight importance, and the Dixon's book makes is contained in the few
style is marred by such expressions as “ defeat pages devoted to the drafting of Mr. Dixon's
was a bitter pill ” and “hypocrite of the first motion. Mrs. Dixon was married in October
water.” She treats successively the slavery of 1853, and acted as her husband's amanuen-
compromises of the Constitution, the Compro- sis during the ensuing session of Congress.
mises of 1820 and 1850, and the Kansas The value of her testimony is somewhat im-
Nebraska Act. In her view, the continuance paired by her admission that at the time she
of the slave trade until 1808 resulted from a understood little of what was going on, “ being
а


126
[Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
in fact another edition of Dora holding the is antecedently improbable. Seward and Dixon
pens,” but it is nevertheless the testimony of were not friends, as is assumed; and though
an eye-witness. Mr. Dixon dictated the motion nominally members of the same party, they
to her the evening before it was introduced. were really as far apart politically as the poles.
She re-wrote it a number of times until it suited Neither of them was likely to do a service for
him, and he afterwards copied in his own hand or put himself in the power of the other. As
the draft that he introduced in the Senate. In the charge was not made until after Seward's
the days following the motion, Mr. Dixon's death, he never had an opportunity to meet it.
friends called to congratulate him upon the Mr. Dixon indignantly denied it as soon as it
step he had taken, and Douglas took him for came to his notice, and now Mrs. Dixon, nar-
the drive, during which he accepted the prin nating as an eye-witness the circumstances
ciple of Mr. Dixon's motion and the two men under which the motion was drafted, contrib-
made to each other the grandiloquent speeches, utes her testimony in support of the conclusion
expressive of mutual esteem, which Dixon after that Mr. Dixon acted independently and with-
wards repeated in his letter to Foote. The out consultation with anyone. Whatever credit
important point of the narrative is that the or discredit attaches to his motion belongs to
motion came as a surprise to everyone, and him and to him alone. F. H. HODDER.
that Dixon made it upon his own initiative and
without collusion with anyone.
It has been charged that Seward inspired
IN AUSTRALIAN WILDS.*
Dixon's motion, and this charge has recently
been given an added importance by its accept-
The great continent of Australia has a pecu-
ance by so prominent and able a writer upon
liar fascination for adventurous spirits. Its as-
American history as is Professor Burgess of Co-tounding dimensions — about 2500 miles from
lumbia University. In a review of Mr. Rhodes's east to west, and 1600 miles from north to
history, in the “ Political Science Quarterly," south, containing about 3,000,000 square miles
Mr. Burgess said :
- furnish adequate territory for explorers
“ Mr. Seward ridiculed the doctrine of popular sov- through many years to come. The last quarter
ereignty, and knew that the passage of the Nebraska century has seen hundreds and thousands of
bill, with its ambiguous language about the abolition of prospectors rush to the wilds of that land in
the Missouri Compromise by the principle of the Com-
search of gold. While a few had " a streak of
promise of 1850, would set the whole country on fire
again over the subject of slavery. Yet, according to his luck," the great majority lost their all and
own confession, he incited his Whig friend, Senator many even their lives. Only a little rim around
Dixon of Kentucky, to move the amendment to the bill the coast of that new continent is occupied by
which cleared away all ambiguity and proposed directly enlightened peoples. The so-called districts of
the abolition of the Compromise of 1820; and he did
this with the purpose of destroying the quiet of his
Australia flourish within easy reach of the sea,
country, rousing the slaveholders to violent words and
while the centre of the continent is almost one
deeds, and creating an issue upon which he might be wild arid waste, covered with spinifex,- a kind
borne into the presidency."
of desert grass, sand, and rocks, with only
Mr. Burgess repeats this charge, though some slight traces of life.
what less positively, in his admirable little Mr. Carnegie and a few companions landed
book entitled “ The Middle Period.” The only in Western Australia in September, 1892, with
evidence upon which it rests is a statement by their heads full of golden castles in the air.
Montgomery Blair that Seward told him that Into the mining regions of Coolgardie they
“ he was the man who put Archy Dixon up to plunged, eager to strike a vein of shiny metal.
moving the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, The fortunes of the early-on-the-ground prog-
as an amendment to Douglas's first Kansas bill, pectors drove them nearly frantic. But only
and had himself forced the repeal by that after long searching and desperate circum-
movement, and had thus brought to life the stances did they yield to the inevitable and
Republican party.” This statement was made SPINIFEX AND SAND: A Narrative of Five Years' Pio-
in a letter written immediately after Seward's neering and Exploration in Western Australia. With pocket
death, for publication in an attack upon his
charts and illustrations. By the Hon. David W. Carnegie.
New York: M. F. Mansfield & Co.
memory. If it were true, it is certainly very IN THE AUSTRALIAN BUSH AND ON THE COAST OF THE
extraordinary that Seward should have made CORAL SEA. Being the Experiences and Observations of a
Blair his sole confidant, and that no other evi-
Naturalist in Australia, New Guinea, and the Moluccas. By
Richard Semon. With eighty-six illustrations and four
dence of it has ever come to light. The charge maps. New York: The Macmillan Co.


1899.]
127
THE DIAL
enter the employ of a company. In this capac of water; after lighting a fire and sliding down
ity they found a salable mine, and wisely sold another narrow opening, he found at the bot-
out. The small section of Mr. Carnegie's vol tom of it an abundant well of cool fresh water.
ume dealing with these experiences is full of The native had saved their lives, for not one
valuable hints and facts regarding the gold man in a thousand could have found this hidden
hunter's and miner's life in that sandy, almost treasure.
waterless, region of Western Australia. The “From Sep. 16th to Nov. 16th we were never out of
most instructive, though somewhat extended, sight of a sand-ridge, and during that time traveled 420
portion of the book recites the daring of Mr. miles, taking into account all deviations consequent
Carnegie in setting out to traverse this great ing an average of not quite seven miles a day, including
upon steering for smokes and tracking up natives, giv-
desert from south to north a distance of one
stoppages. This ghastly desert is somewhat broken in
thousand miles in a bee line. Other explorers its northern portion by the occurrence of sandstone
of Central Australia had met various fates :
tablelands, the Southesk Tablelands; the southern part,
presents nothing to the eye but ridge upon ridge
some had gone never to return; others had
of sand, running with the regularity of the drills in a
started with fully equipped expeditions, and ploughed field. A vast, howling wilderness of high,
had barely reached civilization again. This spinifex-clad ridges of red sand, so close together that
adventurer chose a route of his own; and with in a day's march we crossed from sixty to eighty ridges,
four companions, nine camels, a dog, and food
so steep that often the camels had to crest them on their
knees, and so barren and destitute of vegetation (sav-
and equipment for six months, he started in
ing spinifex) that one marvels how even camels could
midwinter to penetrate the desert from south pick up a living. I estimate their average vertical
to north. After four and a half months of weary height from trough to crest at fifty to sixty feet. Some
wandering over a deviating course of 1,413 reached a height of considerably over one hundred
miles, he reached the northern rim of civiliza-
feet. Sometimes the ridges would be a quarter of a
tion. The most desperate want of explorers the waves of the sea."
mile apart, and sometimes ridge succeeded ridge like
in this desert is water; for days at a time, and
sometimes even weeks, not a trace of water can
The expedition's only salvation through all
these weary marches was the frequent captivity
be found, except dried-up or filthy pools in the
of the wild natives of these trackless regions.
hollows of rocks. But this desert is not abso-
Their familiarity with their roaming ground
lutely uninhabited. The wild natives roam
made them valuable to Mr. Carnegie, as they
about in their solitude, living upon wild rats, always knew where good water could be found.
When the expedition had almost despaired of By December 4 Hall's Creek was reached, with
the loss of one member of the expedition
ever again finding water, a human footprint through an accident. After enjoying the good
was found in the sand. It was followed,
things of civilization for a time, the same com-
and a hundred yards ahead a wild man was
seen digging up an iguana for his supper. He
pany, with a somewhat different equipment,
was caught, though only after a desperate but by a somewhat different route. Their skill
plunged into the desert to return to Coolgardie,
struggle, and made fast by a rope. He was
“ about five feet, eight inches, thin but muscu-
in capturing and controlling the natives, and
in finding through them an abundance of water
lar, with very large feet and small hands, very
at frequent intervals, made this a much more
black, very dirty; his only garment consisted
satisfactory campaign.
of a band of string round his forehead, holding
his hair back in a ragged mop-like mass. On
The author has prepared useful folding
charts of the routes followed in these cam-
his chest, raised scars ; through his nose, a hole
ready to hold a bone or stick — such was this paigns. They are so fully detailed as to make
them of invaluable service to other explorers
child of the wilderness." He was fed on salt
beef, with the double object of cementing friend-
of these regions. Useful appendices describe
some of the customs and weapons of the little-
ship and promoting thirst. With the native
known natives, and the principal features of
leading the way, the caravan marched many
Western Australia. The whole story is told
weary hours. He often deceived them by tak-
in direct, clear, plain English, with few pre-
ing them to dry pits or dirty pools. But finding
tenses of literary merit.
that he could not escape from his captors, nor
obtain a drink of water, he led the caravan to Professor Semon, of Jena, Germany, is a
an out-of-the-way place, where one could see naturalist who was so fortunate as to secure
merely a hole in the rocks. Climbing down pecuniary support for a journey to Australia,
into this recess, Mr. Carnegie discovered signs 1 to study the fauna, the oviparous animals,


128
(Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
marsupials, and the ceratodus, a fish. This in a manner that will make a naturalist, for
volume (the English edition of a work which the time being, of any reader. The peculiar
first appeared in German) is a narrative, almost fauna, the topography of the islands, the lux-
a diary, of the author's two years' experience, urious vegetation, the shrewd natives of the
observations, and thoughts. Its style is some East Indies, are pictured with the same detail
what grandiose, and its method of telling things that we find regarding Australia. His descrip-
rather long drawn out and often wearisome. tion of the Papuans of New Guinea possesses
One cannot but feel that there is often a studied interest.
effort to say as much as can be said about “ The disposition of the Papuans is light and gay.
almost every event or thing mentioned (for old gentlemen, the laughing youth forms the domineer-
Solemn and grave as is the mein and deportment of the
example pp. 118, 121). The translator, too, ing element in every village. The Papuan is of a de-
is often at fault in not rendering the German cidedly domestic turn, and has much taste for the joys
into idiomatic English, for example (p. 161), of family life. Man and wife — though most of the
in speaking of the egg of echidna, the author men boast several spouses — are generally very fond of
is made to say, “ it is very remindful of a tor-
each other, the women especially being much attached
to their husbands, by whom they are in general kindly
toise egg.”
treated. . . . The children grow up in full freedom and
But aside from the somewhat wearisome without restraint, drilling, or bullying of any kind.
method of detail, to be seen in quotations given They thus form a happy assemblage, amiable and sym-
below, the book is full of genuine interest.
pathetic if somewhat boisterous, . . . so pleasing in
their boldness and freedom from restraint that it is
This lies entirely in the facts presented, and in
impossible to be angry with them.”
the author's masterful knowledge of his own
specialty. Although not writing a technical Regarding the Malays of Java, he says:
treatise, he still describes in a popular manner
I believe the Malays to be the cleanest of all un-
civilized races. A warm climate in itself is by no means
quite a variety of the fauna of Australia. His
a guarantee of cleanly habits, and African negroes,
experience, however, on this continent was lim Papuans, and, above all, the inhabitants of tropical Aus-
ited to the eastern coast of Queensland, and to tralia, show a deplorable disregard of these. . . . We
the islands adjacent to its most northern cape,
may regard cleanliness as a national Malayan virtue.”
with a short run through the East Indies. He
The greatest value of this work must be seen,
describes in one long chapter and with ample then, in the careful observations of the author,
detail the character of the natives with whom the popular scientific descriptions he gives of
he dealt. His conclusion on one point is as
men, beasts, fishes, fowls, lands, seas, jungles,
follows:
villages, cities, governments, customs, rites,
“We find the intellect and senses of the Australian and everyday life as he found it in the south-
brilliantly developed in all directions bearing on the eastern hemisphere. Four good maps aid the
hunt, i. e., an excessively sharp power of observation, reader in following the journeys of the nat-
topographic sense and memory, and a particular fac-
uralist.
ulty of drawing conclusions from the smallest signs and
IRA M. PRICE.
traces, as to the whereabouts, the occupations, and the
actual state of the game. All this, combined with great
dexterity in the use of weapons, makes any Australian
AGAIN THE CASE OF CUBA.*
game the helpless prey of these perfect huntsmen.
Therefore it is a great error to represent Australians Three soberly-written and thoughtful volumes,
as a half-starved miserable race struggling for life now before us, seem especially adapted to facilitate
under the hardest conditions. The very contrary is the the consideration of what is now established in the
case."
public mind as the Case of Cuba. The first, by
Mr. Carnegie, who travelled more than three Mr. Robert T. Hill, of the U. S. Geological Survey,
thousand miles through the wilds of Australia, is a well-digested and compact manual of the West
and had larger observation, came to quite India Islands as studied by a trained scientific ob-
different general conclusion in his “Spinifex * CUBA AND PORTO Rico. With the Other Islands of the
and Sand.”
West Indies: Their Topography, Climate, Flora, Products,
Industries, Cities, Political Conditions, etc. By Robert T.
But the really valuable information con-
Hill, of the United States Geological Survey. New York:
tributed in Professor Semon's book lies not in its The Century Co.
generalizations, but in its specific descriptions
COMMERCIAL CUBA: A Book for Business Men. By Will-
of local conditions and things. The habits of
liam T. Clark, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
INDUSTRIAL CUBA. Being a Study of Present Industrial
life, the character and peculiar significance of and Commercial Conditions, with Suggestions as to Opportu-
the Ceratodus (p. 90 ff.), the Ornithorhyn nities Presented in the Island for American Capital, Enter-
prise, and Labor. By Robert P. Porter, Special Commissioner
chus (p. 42 ff.), the Echidna (p. 157 f.), and
for the United States to Cuba and Porto Rico. With illug-
other less famous life of Australia, are set forth trations and maps. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.


1899.]
129
THE DIAL
server.
It appears to have been prepared, chiefly, of the throng of European spectators who crowded
before the late war with Spain, with the purpose of the galleries as interested observers, doubted for a
presenting to the people of the United States a moment the outcome of the combat. Few supposed
plain, unvarnished, and unprejudiced account of that the Spaniard would or could yield to a demand
our neighbors that skirt the Caribbean waters. upon paper until the virility of the demand was
The second of these volumes, by Mr. William T. shown by the actual clash of arms. The lightning
Clark, applies to Cuba only. Its author has inves strokes came swiftly, and with an intensity which
tigated the island with direct reference to its prom astonished even those who manipulated the dread
ise as an opening for business enterprises from the artillery. Three rounds, one in the Bay of Manila,
United States. The book contains much important one on the heights above Santiago, and one in the
statistical information, and a pretty full gazetteer sea before its harbor, sufficed to demonstrate even
of the Cuban cities and towns. One who proposes to Spanish pride the imperative logic of superior
entering Cuba for business, agricultural, mining, or force. Then followed the overture of peace, the
commercial purposes will find that Mr. Clark has protocol, the treaty, the evacuation, the transfer of
foreseen and answered many of the questions which authority, the exchange of ratifications, and under
would naturally arise.
the proclamation of the President peace again
The third is by Mr. Robert P. Porter, well known reigns - - at least as to our relations with Spain.
as a publicist and as the Commissioner of the United The combatants may now estimate their losses,
States Census of 1890. Soon after the signing of count their gains, and strike a balance. The Span-
the protocol of peace between Spain and the United ish Queen Regent may enter up the loss of prestige,
States, August 12, 1898, Mr. Porter was sent to the loss of fleets, and the loss of the last of her once
Cuba by President McKinley as a special commis imperial colonies. As to this, may we not find in
sioner to observe and report upon the conditions of Queen Christina another Christiana, from whose
the island, industrial, commercial, and financial. weary shoulders falls a most oppressive burden?
In the prosecution of his mission Mr. Porter visited One can imagine her, like the Apostle, having long
all the provinces and most of the cities and prin prayed, “Who shall deliver me from the body of
cipal towns of Cuba, examined many witnesses, and this death?” Perhaps before the altar of her hu-
collected a vast amount of evidence, personal and miliation, the wailing music of the Miserere becomes
documentary. This volume, if not his report in transposed into the rejoicing strains of the Te Deum.
exact form as made to the President, may be ac Our venerated Uncle Sam will write in his note-
cepted as his report to the American people, deal book that he has fulfilled his promise by lifting the
ing with the vital questions that confront the repub- yoke from the suffering Cubans, that he has ac-
lic as to the new life to be presently entered upon quired a fine collection of islands, and that he has
by this hitherto unfortunate island, once called the paid twenty millions for a white elephant still at
Key of the New World. The official position of large in the jungle. The actual value of the ele-
the writer and his recognized fitness for such a phant as yet appears to be res non adjudicata.
mission, lends to his work peculiar interest as well Here, as everywhere, the future treads
upon
the
as a large measure of authority.
heels of the past. From the President to the hum-
Questions of great moment confront the people, blest citizen, everyone is asking, What is to be done
both of the United States and of Cuba, as to the with Cuba? Can there be any doubt that our gov-
relations which these peoples may rightfully main ernment should, with wise deliberation, proceed to
tain towards each other, and as to the wisest methods fulfil the promise made when Congress declared
by which the solution of pending questions may be that “Cuba is, and of right ought to be, free"? Is
reached. These problems must receive immediate there any reason to doubt that events are moving
consideration. It is to be hoped that passion, pre toward that end as rapidly as the conditions will
judice, and greed may not be permitted to dictate reasonably permit? A most important step was the
the adjustment of interests so momentous.
payment and disbanding of the Cuban army. Now
But little more than a year ago, the strained rela the pressing need is the active resumption of agri.
tions between our government and that of Spain cultural occupations, which will signalize the actual
came to a rupture. The conflict between Spain and return to the normal conditions of peaceful life.
her colony had assumed the phase of a war of ex To the American mind there can be little doubt
termination. In a brief period, five hundred thon that the ultimate good of Cuba, to herself, will be
sand human beings, men, women, and children, had found in annexation to the United States. Her
perished, a few in fight, most of them by starvation. position among the nations as a member of this
The war was pitiless in its methods and inhuman powerful republic will be of far more importance
in its purposes against the insurgents, including in than that which she could maintain as a young and
general all born in the island, and all occupied as feeble, though independent state, even if she were
planters, with their employees and dependants. to continue to enjoy the protection of her strong
Impelled by motives both of humanity and self- neighbor. Entering into the republic, she would
interest, the government of the United States flung enjoy, as fully as do the other states, the benefits of
its sword into the scale. None, whether Spaniards, home rule in all questions that concern local inter-
Cubans, or Americans, in the arena of combat, or ests and social life, and perhaps more fully than,


130
[Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
in her present stage of political education, she could they discern the facts and the trend of their true
profit by in the highest degree. At the same interests ?
time she would participate in all the advantages Should any doubt arise as to the desirability of
arising from a strong national organization, with the annexation of Cuba to the United States, it
out either the cost or the difficulty of establishing should be found among the citizens of the Union
and maintaining them by herself. It is like the rather than from Cubans. The American is very
opportunity offered to a young advocate of admis- likely to be incredulous as to the capacity of the
sion to an old, strong, and successful firm. Her Cuban for self-government. The examples shown
share in the support of an army and navy, in the by other nations of the same stock are hardly en-
conduct of foreign affairs, the collection of revenue, couraging. For four hundred years the islander
the maintenance of a postal service, etc., would be has vegetated under the enervating régime of a
far less in amount and far greater in returns if she colonial despotism. He has suffered under constant
were e pluribus unum than if she were doing all disabilities and ruinous exactions. What immuni.
these things for herself, by herself.
ties he has enjoyed he has bought secretly on terms
Since the close of hostilities, time has not sufficed as injurious to his own fine fibre as to that of him
for a readjustment of affairs in accordance with whom he bribed. It takes a long and patient
changed conditions, but some financial reliefs have schooling to educate national character, and, un-
already made themselves felt. The most important fortunately, the only school is that of experience,
of these is the removal of excessive Spanish exac which allows nothing for novices. Such education
tions. The assessments of the Spanish govern the English colonist received during a century and
ment upon Cuba in the fiscal year 1895–96 were a half before he took up the burden of a separate
$24,756,760, increased by the peculations of public national existence. The experience was severe, but
officials, estimated at ten millions more, making it stiffened his muscular fibre and developed his
a grand total of about $35,000,000. Of this backbone ; and such an experience the Spaniard has
sum, $17,996,842 was applied to purposes deter not received. The English and the Spanish races
mined by dependency upon Spain, as the army, were not cast in the same moulds, and are not likely
navy, military and civil pensions, and especially ten to run smoothly in the same grooves.
and one-half millions of interest upon the Spanish Americans err who imagine that there is terri-
debt. Of the thirty-five millions exacted under tory in Cuba in a condition similar to that of the
Spanish misrule, only about seven millions, or twenty once wild country of the great American plains, or
per cent, will survive liberation from Spanish sov that of the Pacific Coast. Uncultivated lands are
ereignty. The sums formerly expended for local plenty, but, technically considered, no lands are un-
government, for public improvement, for education, occupied. There are no land titles to be vacated,
may be largely increased, as doubtless they ought no lands to be surveyed and brought into market,
to be, and still the exactions by government be only to be sold by government agents to any purchasers
a small fraction of their former extravagance. This who may lay down a price fixed by law. Lands
result would be certain to follow under the methods may be bought and sold, but only as in Connecticut
of United States rule.
or Virginia, at the option of a present owner.
Moreover,
the United States has been and is the The Cuban will be glad to deal with the Amer-
Cuban's best customer. In 1890, Cuba's exports to ican, if he will stay on his own side of the water.
the United States amounted roundly to $58,500, He will be most happy to use American capital, if
000, or 88 per cent of the total for the year. Spain the American will not insist on sitting down beside
was the next best customer, taking 111 per cent. him and sharing the management. The cry of
In the five years ending June 30, 1895, Cuba's ex “Cuba for Cubans" has already arisen, and it will
ports to the United States amounted to nearly become more intense should large inroads be made
$347,000,000. These aggregates will surely be by Americans upon Cuban territory. The carpet-
subject to large expansion whenever the barriers bag will be quite as serious an offense in Cuba as
are removed which separate the two countries as it ever was in our own South.
foreign nations. The devices adopted by the Span The development of Cuba is likely to benefit the
ish government to repress production, and by 80
colored race.
The repulsion which exists between
doing to increase importations, and therefore rev the races in the States shows itself in no compar-
enue, strike an American singularly. In Cuba, cul able degree in the island. The twilight zone of
tivators of cocoa bave paid on their product a mixed blood is wide in Cuba, and the gradations
revenue tax of 5.7 cents per pound; of coffee, 5.4 are not clearly marked, while the lines in the South
cents per pound. In Porto Rico, such agricultural are becoming more sharply defined. In 1887 the
products as maize and potatoes paid an internal population of Cuba was 1,631,677, of whom 485,--
revenue tax. Importation, which added to customs 187 were of African descent. The present popu-
dues, was preferred to cultivation.
lation is supposed to be about 1,300,000, of whom
The pledge of our nation will forbid annexation 300,000 are of African blood. The differences
on any terms that do not command the sentiment indicate in a degree the loss of life produced by the
and the suffrages of the Cubang themselves. Will system called “reconcentration,” which was most.


1899.)
131
THE DIAL
severely felt by the laboring classes. These losses and impartial inquest into the origin and bearings
point to a loss in the supply of labor, and to a future of cosmopolitanism, going back not merely, as is
demand that may draw labor from the Southern | usually done, to the romantic school, but to the
States.
eighteenth century and to Rousseau for it was he
The commercial interests of both Cuba and the who, on behalf of the Germanic races of Europe,
United States will be favored by the admission of struck a blow at the time-honored supremacy of the
Cuba into the Union; and such interests are likely Latin races. M. Texte's central aim is to exhibit
to prevail. The sentiment of the Cuban may pre Rousseau as the great creator of a taste and need
fer independence. The sentiment of a considerable in France for the literatures of the North.
6 The
body of the people of the States doubts the wisdom cosmopolitan spirit was born, during the eighteenth
of bringing into the American system any country century, of the fruitful union between the English
not educated in American political and social econ genius and that of Jean-Jacques.” Such is the
omy, and dreads to have such an element as one of thesis of M. Texte's book. It is quite true, as the
Spanish descent domiciled in the American Senate. author concedes, that English influence was potent
Under the pledges solemnly given by our govern in France before Rousseau had begun to write. The
ment to Cuba, to Spain, and to the world, the United revocation of the Edict of Nantes founded in England
States may not lay upon Cuba the mailed hand of a colony of French propagandists in their fatherland,
the conqueror. She must be joined to the United of English ideas, not alone nor most momentously in
States, if at all, as the result of her own choice, the field of literature. Conceive for an instant the
freely made.
normal and inevitable effect of the doctrines of
SELIM H. PEABODY.
Locke upon a keenly intelligent, profoundly discon-
tented, and barbarously misgoverned nation, like
the French of the eighteenth century. When the
Grand Monarch drove that band of active-minded,
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
observant Protestant subjects of his to speculative,
freedom-loving England it was as if he had in effect
Literary relations
M. Joseph Texte's “ Jean-Jacques
bade them: “Go among these rebellious, free-
between France Rousseau and the Cosmopolitan thinking islanders, study their ways, taste their
and England.
is a study of the literary relations between France liberty, imbibe their ideas, and send the results of
your observations and comparisons back to France
and England during the eighteenth century. M.
that she, too, may understand the rationale and
Texte has produced a decidedly acute and valuable
learn the lessons of the movements of 1649 and
essay in this rich yet comparatively unworked field
1688." M. Texte's appreciations of Sterne and
of critical research, and in Mr. J. W. Matthews he
Richardson are most interesting. On the whole,
has found a competent translator. Mme. De
the book is one of the freshest and most stimulating
Staël's observation that “There exist two entirely
critical studies that it has been our good fortune
distinct literatures, that which springs from the
to meet with of late, and it is decidedly readable, as
South and that which springs from the North,"
well as instructive.
would not to-day meet with that unqualified assent
with which Frenchmen, especially, used to hail it.
Lord Charles Beresford's “ The
The looked for
The central idea of Mme. De Staël's theory, the Break-up” Break-Up of China” (Harper) is
habit of contrasting Latin with non-Latin tradition,
of China.
substantially a printed report of the
Southern literature with Northern “humanism," author's recent tour of investigation in China at the
remains; but it is recognized that while Mme. De instance of the Associated Chambers of Commerce
Staël's distinction still holds good in substance, of Great Britain. It is a volume of statistics rather
the sway of the old “classical ” spirit is no longer than a travel-book proper, written without literary
supreme and undisputed in French literature, and pretension, and with little or no view to the mere
it is now a question whether or no France will in entertainment of the reader. While the report deals
the future preserve that veneration for antiquity to chiefly with purely commercial questions, the author
which the national intellect adhered for three or has not denied himself an occasional flight into the
four centuries. She has for a hundred years past region of “high politics ”; and his familiar, and we
drifted in a measure from her ancient moorings think substantially sound, views as to the expedi-
into the current followed by the younger and more ency and propriety of upholding the political and
self-sufficing literatures. Will she return to Greece, geographical integrity of the Chinese Empire and
to Rome, to the French classics ? Or will she turn the securing therein a fair, free, and well safe-
to England, to Germany, to Russia,- in fine, to the guarded field for trade, in the interest of all, China
North? The origin of the influence of the classical not excepted, are restated and reinforced. Lord
spirit upon the French genius has been fully dis Beresford takes a too sanguine view, apparently, of
cussed that of the rival cosmopolitan spirit has the not remote future possibilities of the present,
been infrequently, and, M. Texte thinks, very we fear, rather ephemeral and sentimental Anglo-
inaccurately, dealt with. In the present work he American entente cordiale. Does not Anglo-Sax-
endeavors to supply this want of a thorough I onism mean, after all, to the British mind something


132
(Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
very like anti-Russianism? Is there not at the root is worth knowing about. Those who have been
of this new idea, as it floats in the mind of the av interested in social problems have long been in the
erage Briton, more of apprehension than of broth habit of considering the Jewish element among us :
erly love? Then there is our “foreign vote," so they will find in the account of this literature much
largely and bitterly an anti-English vote, and a that should make this curious social fraction better
most formidable bar in the way of our government's understood. There are also those for whom the
accomplishing or even proposing anything however Jewish strain in literature and art has a special
useful or broadly philanthropic in the way of a for charm — the strain of Spinoza, Heine, Disraeli, to
mal understanding with England. A Dreibund, speak of literature only; and these will be glad to
uniting for certain specific commercial purposes see what is the work in letters of the Jews who
America, England, and Germany, might be feasible remain Jews, how far it has the quality and the
– certainly more feasible than anything in the spirit of those great men who seem to have out-
nature of an Anglo-American alliance, against stepped the boundaries of the chosen people. But
which our imperfectly Americanized fellow-citizens further, and more particularly, there are many now
would at once join forces, and for whose support who are eagerly on the lookout for a new literature.
one or other of our leading political parties would Think how many exotic sensations we have had in
infallibly bid. To an American these considera- the last decade - Bulgarian, Persian, Polish, “Afro-
tions may be obvious and elementary enough; but American,” Scandinavian, Russian, not to speak of
our English friends seem to overlook them. Lord the four more common polite languages. These
Beresford noted, manifestly to his disappointment, tastes of the literature of peoples very different
that the pretty general acquiescence in this country from ourselves have a peculiar quality. This Yid-
in the “Open Door" principle had not got beyond dish has a pathetic charm, a quaint delicacy which
the stage of mere sentiment. People here applauded is very rare, although it may not perhaps precisely
his remarks on the subject, and were very friendly belong to it. The very strangeness, the half-mystery,
and cordial; but they were evidently not inclined stimulates the imagination and gives a peculiar
to view the question of devising a definite policy beauty which may vanish as one learns the language
looking to the furtherance and safe-guarding of better, leaving in its place a sounder appreciation.
American trade in China as yet within the range Mr. Wiener gives a sketch of the history of the
of practical politics. In Japan, on the contrary, literature in the present century, sometimes rather
there was every indication of a desire to act in dry on account of having to deal with commonplace
some practical manner in order to secure the “Open material, sometimes most attractive and really crit-
Door." Lord Beresford's book is a useful and ical, as especially in his handling of Perez and
thorough presentation of current trade conditions Abramowitsch. From the examples of Yiddish with
in the Chinese Empire, and it conveys a fair idea English translations it appears that the language is
of what
may
be done and must be done if the
pres (naturally) not very difficult to the reader of Ğer-
ent political status quo is to be usefully maintained man, though it cannot be very easy to learn well
as against the alternative of dismemberment and without more help. Mr. Wiener says that if the
division into tariff-walled dependencies. The vol-
The volpresent work arouses interest he will undertake a
ume is well equipped with maps and statistical more complete Chrestomathy: we think many be-
tables, and there is a capital portrait of the author, sides ourselves would welcome such a book. - We
showing a sturdy, sailor-like figure standing with may add, for the benefit of those whose interest in
legs well apart as if braced against any sudden Jewish literature is aroused by Mr. Wiener's book,
twist or capriole in the roll of the ship.
that a short history is just published in “Chapters
on Jewish Literature" by Israel Abrahams (Jewish
Mr. Leo Wiener's book on “ Yiddish
The mystery
Publication Society). In short compass and in a
Literature in the Nineteenth Cen.
" Yiddish."
popular way the author considers the literature of
tury” (Scribner) deserves a welcome
the Jewish people from the fall of Jerusalem till
from a varied audience. Of the import of the book
the time of Moses Mendelssohn, about the period
to those who themselves read or speak Yiddish, it
at which Mr. Wiener's book begins.
is hardly necessary for us to say anything at all:
they will perhaps appreciate its value rather more
It is now some years since accounts
Mr. Whistler's
accurately than we. For we must confess ourselves
incongruities.
appeared in the papers of the remark-
ignorant of Yiddish, as are doubtless most of our
able case conce
cerning Mr. Whistler's
readers. The name, of course, is not unfamiliar: “Brown and Gold: Portrait of Lady E.," and we
further, the knowledge that the language is com have now Mr. Whistler's presentation of the mat-
monly spoken in the Jewish colonies in our great ter. « The Baronet and the Butterfly: A Valen-
cities, as well as abroad, may be fairly general. tine with a Verdict” (Russell) is a very carious
But any real appreciation of Yiddish literature, or work, not so clever as “ The Gentle Art of Making
even acquaintance with it, is rare among general Enemies” (for there is not so much really by Mr.
readers. Yet it appears from Mr. Wiener's his Whistler himself) but still very suggestive. It is
torical sketch, and from the extracts which make not worth while to recall to mind the facts in the
up a good part of his book, that there is much that case : Sir William Eden wanted damages and got
that is called


1899.]
133
THE DIAL
them, while Mr. Whistler wished “to expose pub result is a guide to the history, development, and
licly the ungrateful trickster,” and did so. Nor do manifestations of French art during the extended
we attach very great importance to the alleged es period treated, which we cordially recommend to
tablishment of certain advances in the sacred cause serious inquirers. A useful modicum of biographical
of Art against the Philistines. Our interest in the and personal matter forms an agreeable leaven, and
book comes largely from the light, or rather dark characteristic masterpieces are soberly and discrim-
ness, that it throws on the character of Mr. Whistler. inatingly described. The work, despite its wide
Whether Sir William Eden deserves all the names chronological range, is far from being a mere cata-
he is here called, is not a matter to disturb us, and logue raisonné. The author gives a very good ac-
the sacred cause of Art does not seem to call for count of “Impressionism,” which movement, she
special championship at this moment; but the genius takes occasion to say, “has too often signified the
of Mr. Whistler is something worth knowing as daubings of some young person ignorant of the very
thoroughly as we can. So far as his power as a first principles of drawing or painting, who dares to
painter is concerned, it is now by very many greatly call himself an Impressionist' because he is too
appreciated. But here comes the curious question : lazy or impatient to submit to the ceaseless training
How can a man whose mood as a painter has so and study that are necessary to the artist; too igno-
much of exquisiteness, of reserve, of dignity, of rant to use his brush or his pencil, and takes to a
power (not to mention peculiarly artistic qualities), palette-knife instead. It is such as these who bring
how can such a man conceive the nervously clever discredit on the really fine artists whom they pre-
quips and the labored pettinesses that we see in Mr. tend to admire.” These are just words, if severe
Whistler's letters and comments? This has always ones ; and it is really a pity that the affectations
appeared very strange to us. We have often found and absurdities of these young daubers who cloak
it hard to sympathize with Mr. Whistler in the their incapacity and their ignorance of the rudiments
fundamental right of his position, because of the of technique under the pretense of “Impressionism,"
eccentric temper in which he maintains it. We do should have brought a certain stigma upon the term
not want to hold a ridiculous and conventional that is used to define the methods of masters like
opinion of what the character of an artist should Monet, Besnard, Manet, or Renoir.
be, but we are jarred by such incongruity of ex-
pression in a man whose work has such a claim
Lady Louisa Stuart: Selections
Some sprightly
upon one as Mr. Whistler's has. Is it only through
from her Manuscripts" (Harper) is
old-time gossip.
the chance of time that we do not have evidence of
a sprightly volume of old-time gossip,
the same thing in his friend Velasquez? Or is it
edited by the Hon. James Home. Lady Stuart was
that our time has really developed genius to “a
a daugbter of John, third Earl of Bute, one of
disease of the nerves”? Perhaps rather the last.
George Third's Prime Ministers; and the picture
Somebody, we believe, suggests that Mr. Whistler
she paints of some of the personages prominent at
the artist can only exist by virtue of the purging
the court of that monarch are racy, amusing, and
ebullitions of Mr. Whistler the humorist. It may
at times slightly malicious especially where the
be 80. We have nothing better to suggest: we can
sitter chances to be of the writer's own sex. Lady
merely look forward with interest to a sympathetic
Stuart was born in 1757, and died in 1851. Her
life of Mr. Whistler by somebody else.
tastes were literary, and she had the knack of ex-
pression ; but she was deterred from publishing by
A concise
Miss Rose G. Kingsley's “ A History the fact that it was then thought beneath the dig-
manual of of French Art: 1100-1899” (Long. nity of people of quality" to appear in print, like
French Art.
mans) is a concise, authoritative common Grub Street bodies. Tempora moresque
manual prepared for the use of those in quest of mutantur. Nowadays "the quality "not only writes
solid information, and tberefore issued without the for print, but eke publishes ; and had Lady Stuart
popular bait of pictorial allurements. The sober lived to-day she might, without forfeiture of caste,
and solid make-up of this handsomely printed vol have joined the craft of Johnson to that of Cave.
ume does not belie its content. The author is The story of the descensus of the British Aristocracy
officier de l'instruction publique, and the work was from the pinnacle of patronship to the depths of
prepared at the instance and with the assistance of authorship might be worth writing. One regrets
M. Antonin Barthelemy. Other well known French that Lady Stuart could not have foreseen the day
authorities have also aided in its preparation, and (now with us) when a great lady could, with the
we have as a result a really sound and trustworthy applause of her order, issue a magazine, and angle,
account of the growth of French architecture, sculp-
French architecture, sculp- through the advertiser's arts, for the shillings
ture, and painting from the 12th century to the public in support of her venture. Once, indeed,
present day. The author has been somewhat chary, Lady Stuart did appear formally in print, over her
judiciously so perhaps, in the matter of obtruding own patrician signature — to wit, in an Introduction
her own views and personality, though the element to a life of her grandmother, Lady Mary Wortley
of general criticism or disquisition is not altogether Montagu, some share of whose ability she seems to
lacking. Actual information and impartial charac us to have inherited. In fine, Lady Stuart's me-
terization has been the ideal of attainment; and the moir is crisp and entertaining, and not without value


134
[Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
in the way of portraiture. An element of interest
Some Colonial
Anything that will serve to awaken
is the author's correspondence with Sir Walter mansions and in the existing generation of Amer-
Scott, Lady Montagu, and Lady Lockhart. There
their tenants.
icans a recognition of national tradi-
is a portrait of Lady Stuart at ninety-four, after an tions and manners is to be welcomed at a time when
oil sketch by Hayter.
we bid fair to throw our most highly cherished
ideals to the fates. Quite apart from this, such an
A volume of
The neat little volume forming the undertaking as is launched in the first volume of
papers on
Second Series of Mr. Francis Watt's
“Some Colonial Mansions and Those Who Lived
old English law.
“ The Law's Lumber Room” (John
in Them” (Henry T. Coates & Co.), edited by Mr.
Lane) differs from its predecessor in that its con-
Thomas Glenn Allen, deserves high praise. A large
tents are of more general interest, and are treated octavo, well bound, carefully printed and admirably
with greater fulness of detail and in a style more
illustrated, it keeps alive the memory of some of
suited to the entertainment of the lay reader. The
the families of the early day whose members exerted
contents comprise seven brief papers which serve to
no small influence on all subsequent American life.
illustrate the old English law and its ways, and Such names as Harrison, Stockton, Van Rensselaer,
incidentally to make the reader feel how much bet-
Carter, Randolph, Livingston, and Carroll, among
ter these matters are ordered nowadays— how much
others not now so well known, bring to mind the
more rationally, humanely, and scientifically. Gro-
diverse elements which were fused together to make
tesqueness and barbarity, the principle of the ven-
up the idea of America, and cannot fail of a useful
geance of society on the criminal (rather than the
purpose. Nearly all of the colonies outside of New
preventive theory), so amply and shockingly in-
England have been drawn upon, and the book
stanced in Mr. New's pages, have pretty thoroughly
departed from English law. Gone are the days family portraits, and of many other things which
abounds in pictures of houses and their interiors, of
when executions were public (and terribly fre recall a living past.
quent) spectacles to which people flocked as to the
Lord Mayor's Show, and which bred “amateurs of
executions,” connoisseurs who never missed a hang-
ing and who paid well for a choice window or bal-
BRIEFER MENTION.
cony fronting Tyburn Tree, like Boswell and George
Selwyn— the latter of whom, when he had a tooth An English translation of Maupassant's “ Boule de
drawn, used affectedly “to let fall his handkerchief Suif," the work of Mr. Arthur Symons, is published by
à la Tyburn, as a signal for the operation." Mr.
Mr. William Heinemann of London in a beautiful vol.
Watt's present titles are: Tyburn Tree; Pillory and
ume, printed upon Japanese vellum, and illustrated with
Cart's Tail; State Trials for Witchcraft; A Pair
more than fifty wood-engravings from drawings by
of Parricides ; Some Disused Roads to Matrimony;
M. F. Thévenot. Mr. Symons also writes a few intro-
ductory pages. “ Boule de Suif” is one of the most
The Border Law; The Sergeant-at-Law. Mr. Watt
artistic short stories ever written, and suffers at the
has evidently delved deep in the mine of obsolete
hands of the translator no more than is absolutely un-
law and by-gone legal procedure and execution, and avoidable. It is not exactly a story for the young per-
he has produced a book which lawyers may read son, but this warning need hardly be sounded for those
with profit, and laymen with interest.
who are likely to be attracted by the present notice.
Tbe versatile Mr. Grant Allen has been recently en-
Memoirs of
The special value of the “Memoirs of gaged, among other occupations, in the preparation
Sergeant Bourgogne: 1812-1813” of a series of bistorical guides to the chief European
under Napoleon.
(Doubleday & McClure Co.) lies in cities and countries. As a sort of complement to these
the fact that they tell the story of Napoleon's Rus-
manuals he has also prepared an outline volume entitled
“ The European Tour” (Dodd), which we heartily rec-
sian campaign from the point of view of the com-
ommend to travellers (whether for a year or a month)
mon soldier. M. de Ségur has given us the narrative
because it provides them with a rational plan of seeing
of the staff officer; in Bourgogne's pages we read Europe, and gaining the right sort of culture from their
the coarser and more harrowing side of the story. wanderings. Mr. Allen is so breezy a writer that his
Seldom have the horrors of war been depicted by a companionship upon such a trip is of the pleasantest
more literal and unaffected pen. "In no previous sort, and his advice (although touched by a dash of
record, we think, of this mad enterprise has the
Philistinism) is generally judicious and worth taking.
utter demoralization of the invading army, its grad Messrs. Harper & Brothers have collected into a
ual dissolution into a broken and fleeing horde of single handsome volume the poems of Mr. William Allen
disorganized stragglers, been so impressively real-
Butler, who is best known as the author of “ Nothing
ized. Bourgogne's personal adventures, while
to Wear.” This poem was published without a signa-
ture in one of the early numbers of “ Harper's Weekly,"
plainly and artlessly told, were most dramatic. The
editor, M. Paul Cottin, provides an interesting
in 1857, and speedily became popular. Mr. Butler's
verses, to which this authorized final form has just been
sketch of the author, and there are a number of
given, include “Oberammergau " and other travel
illustrations after drawings made by an officer dur pieces, some poems for children, and a number of trans-
ing the retreat. The memoir forms a historical lations from Uhland. The volume is dedicated to the
document of no slight value.
writer's wife," in the fiftieth year of our wedded life."
a soldier


1899.)
185
THE DIAL
LITERARY NOTES.
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
An “Introduction to Rhetoric,” by Dr. William B.
September, 1899.
Cairns, is one of Messrs. Ginn & Co.'s latest publications. Aguinaldo's Capital. J. D. Miley. Scribner.
Mr. Swinburne is about to break a long silence with
Alnwick Castle. A. H. Malan. Pall Mall.
the publication of a new drama, entitled “Rosamund,"
America To-day. William Archer. Pall Mall.
Antilles, Anecdotes from the. J. S. Durham. Lippincott.
which is promised for the early autumn.
Atlantic Speedway, The. H. Phelps Whitmarsh. Century.
« The Princess" of Tennyson, edited by Mr. Lewis Book Review, The. J.S. Tunison. Atlantic.
Worthington Smith, is an English text for school use Butler, George, Painting of. W. C. Brownell. Scribner.
just published by Messrs. B. H. Sanborn & Co.
Criticism and the Man. John Burroughs. Atlantic.
The American Book Co. issue a volume of selections Dreyfus, American Forerunner of. J. M. Morgan. Century.
from the Brothers Goncourt, edited by Dr. Arnold
Eastern Seas, Scourge of the. J. S. Sewall. Century.
Guyot Cameron, and authorized by the literary executor
English Royalty, Entertainment of. Lippincott.
Equal Suffrage in Colorado, Effects of. Lippincott.
of the writers concerned.
Farming, Does It Pay? 4. H. Bailey. Review of Reviews.
“ Saints in Art" (Page), by Mrs. Clara Erskine Forbes, John Murray. E. W. Emerson. Atlantic.
Clement, is a readable book of the popular sort, sup Franklin the Scientist. P. L. Ford. Century.
plied with many illustrations, and making no historical Gang, Genesis of the. J. A. Riig. Atlantic.
or critical pretensions of a serious nature.
G. A. R., A Study of the. George Morgan. Lippincott.
The latest of Sir Edwin Arnold's exercises in trans-
Germans and Americans. Hugo Münsterberg. Atlantic.
lation from the classics of the East is the “Gulistan”
Grand Duke George nf Russia, The Late. Rev. of Reviews.
Hague Conference in its Outcome. W. T. Stead. Rev.of Revs.
of Sadi. The first four “ Babs” or “Gateways" of this
Hogarth, Suppressed Plates of. G. S. Layard. Pall Mall.
famous work bave just been published for the transla Homer, Winslow, Painting of. W. A. Coffin. Century.
tor by Messrs. Harper & Brothers.
Humor, The Mission of. S. M. Crothers. Atlantic.
The “Cuore ” of Signor de Amicis, called “ The Ingersoll, Colonel. W. H. Ward. Review of Reviews.
Heart of a Boy,” in Mr. G. Mantellini's translation, has
Jones, Paul, and Capture of Whitehaven. Lippincott.
been reissued by Messrs. Laird and Lee in an attractive
Le Puy, Cathedral of. Mrs. S. Van Rensselaer. Century.
illustrated edition, designed for use as a holiday gift or
National Export Exposition, The. W.P. Wilson. Lippincott.
Philately, Pictorial. E. C. Fincham. Pall Mall.
a school prize. It is a book to be warmly commended Philippine War, Half Year of. John Barrett. Rev. of Reviews.
to young people, who can hardly fail to be the better
Quero," Cruise of the. R. S. Rantoul. Century.
for having read it.
Root, Elihu. Henry Macfarland. Review of Reviews.
Rembrandt is the subject of the latest volume in the Russia after Completion of Siberian Railway. Pall Mall.
series of " Monographs on Artists," written by Professor
Sailing Alone Round the World. Joshua Slocum. Century.
H. Kuackfuss and published by Messrs. Lemcke &
Scot of Fiction, The. Jane H. Findlater. Atlantic.
Buechner. The translation, as in the two previous vol-
Ship, The Way of a. F. T. Bullen. Century.
Tendencies, Irresistible. C. K. Adams. Atlantic.
umes of the series, is by Mr. Campbell Dodgson of the
Trusts, Control of Prices by. G. E. Roberts. Rev. of Reus.
British Museum. The illustrations are profuse and Trusts, Elimination of from Presidential Campaign. Rev.of Rev.
carefully executed.
Yachts, Question of. C. L. Norton. Lippincott.
The most interesting publication yet put forth by the Yangtsze, Cruising up the. Eliza R. Scidmore. Century.
“ Brotbers of the Book " (Gouverneur, N. Y.) is a re-
print of Robert Louis Stevenson's essay on “The Mor-
ality of the Profession of Letters,” first published in
LIST OF NEW Books.
the “ Fortnightly Review” for April, 1881. The present
reprint is issued in a limited edition on handmade paper, [The following list, containing 42 titles, includes books
carefully printed, and veatly bound in buckram. received by THE DIAL since its last issue.]
Mr. Augustus Thomas's new American play, “ Ari-
GENERAL LITERATURE.
zona," now being presented in Chicago at the Grand
Opera House, is in the hands of the printer, and will
Appreciations and Addresses. Delivered by Lord Rose-
bery; edited by Charles Geake. With portrait, 12mo,
soon be issued by Mr. R. H. Russell in book form, illus-
uncut, pp. 243. John Lane. $1.50.
trated by twelve pictures from the play, and with a
striking cover design by Mr. Frederic Remington. The
HISTORY
same publisher announces the “ Maude Adams Edition,'
The War with Spain. By Henry Cabot Lodge. Illus.,
of « Romeo and Juliet.” The book will be illustrated
8vo, pp. 276. Harper & Brothers. $2.50.
Slavery in the State of North Carolina. By John Spencer
and attractively bound.
Bassett, Ph.D. 8vo, uncut, pp. 111. Baltimore: Johns
The second year's work of the University of Chicago Hopkins Press. Paper, 75 cts.
College for Teachers, and also that of the Class Study
BIOGRAPHY.
Department of the University Extension Division, will
Life of the Seventh Earl of Shaftesbury, K.G. By
open at the College for Teachers, the office of which is
Jennie M. Bingham. 12mo, pp. 289. Carts & Jennings.
in room 410 Fine Arts Building, 203-207 Michigan
90 cts.
boulevard, on Saturday, September 30. Classes will
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
meet also in Cobb Hall at the University, and at the
The Gulistan of Sadi: Being the Rose-Garden of Shaikh
Newberry Library. The opening exercises of the College
Sa'di. Trans. in prose and verse, from the Persian, by
for Teachers and the Class Study Department will be Sir Edwin Arnold. Illus , 16mo, pp. 221. Harper &
held in connection with the Autumn Convocation of the
Brothers. $1.
University at Central Music Hall, on Monday evening,
Nothing to Wear, and Other Poems. By William Allen
Butler. Authorized edition ; with photogravure portrait,
October 2. Bishop J. L. Spalding, of Peoria, will de-
8vo, pp. 241. Harper & Brothers. ' $1.75.
liver the address, bis subject being - The University and Prue and I. By George William Curtis. Cheaper edition ;
the Teacher."
illus., 12mo, pp. 223. Harper & Brothers. 50 cts.


136
(Sept. 1,
THE DIAL
Cassell's National Library. New vols.: Sir Thomas More's
Utopia, De Quincey's Murder as a Fine Art and The En-
glish Mail-Coach, Shakespeare's Macbeth, King Henry
VIII., and A Midsummer Night's Dream. Each 24mo.
Cassell & Co., Ltd. Per vol., paper, 10 cts.
Cing Histoires. Edited by Baptiste Méras and Sigmon M.
Stern. 12mo, pp. 152. Henry Holt & Co. 80 cts.
Tennyson's Che Princess. Edited by Lewis Worthington
Smith, Ph.D. With portrait, 18mo, pp. 191. Benj. H.
Sanborn & Co. 40 cts.
Introductory French Probe Composition. By Victor E.
François. 12mo, pp. 94. American Book Co. 25 cts.
MISCELLANEOUS.
Saints in Art. By Clara Erskine Clement. Illus. in pho-
togravure, etc., 12mo, gilt top, unout, pp. 428. L. C. Page
& Co. $2.
Brain in Relation to Mind. By J. Sanderson Christison,
M.D. Illus., 12mo, pp. 143. Chicago : Published by the
Author. $1.25.
Looking Abead: Twentieth Century Happenings. By H.
Pereira Mendes. 12mo, pp. 381. F. Tennyson Neely.
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JOURNAL to date, cheap. J. W. BARWt LL, Waukegan, IN.
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Deficient Saints: A Tale of Maine. By Marshall Saunders.
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Dr. Nikola's Experiment. By Guy Boothby. 12mo, pp. 308.
D. Appleton & Co._$1.; paper, 50 cts.
Castle Czvargas: A Romance. By Archibald Birt. 12mo,
pp. 298. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.25.
Black Rock: A Tale of the Selkirks. By Ralph Connor ; with
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The Knight of King's Guard. By Ewan Martin. Illus.,
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A Prince of Georgia, and Other Tales. By Julian Ralph.
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The Man Who Dared: A Historical Romance of the Time
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The Bohemians of the Latin Quarter. By Henri Murger.
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The Archbishop's Unguarded Moment, and Other
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The Day of Temptation. By William Lo Queux. With
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Hon. JOHN W. FOSTER, Ex-Secretary of State, and Professor Clark presents a “ Laboratory Method”
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it to students and others desirous of being informed on the
history and present condition of diplomacy."
rather than about the masters of English prose. The
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A SYSTEM OF ETHICS.
ited analytically, quotations from the most authorita-
By FREDERICK PAULSEN. Translated and edited
tive critics preceding numerous brief corroborative
by Frank Thilly, Professor in the University of illustrations. Prefixed to the discussion of each author
Missouri. 8vo, 723 pp., $3.00 net.
is a biographical outline, followed by a bibliography
Professor Paulsen's work is a guide for all persons covering all sources of valuable criticism.
interested in ethics as a practical science of conduct.
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present, reviews the fundamental questions of ethics, READING.
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and the lie of necessity are among the subjects dis Children's Stories in American Literature.
cussed.
Poems of American Patriotism.
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Twelve Naval Captains.
“I have recommended Paulsen's Ethics to my colleague
The Hoosier School Boy.
for use at Yale as the required text-book."
The Eugene Field Book.
Professor R. M. WENLEY, University of Michigan :
The Cable Story Book.
• I propose to use it in my ethics class next season."
Odysseus the Hero of Ithaca.
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144
(Sept. 16,
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1899.]
145
THE DIAL
Laird & Lee's Library
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146
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
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1899.]
147
THE DIAL
Laird & Lee's Standard Reference Works.
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148
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
REDUCTION IN PRICE OF
HARPER'S MAGAZINE
The Price of HARPER'S MAGAZINE has been
Reduced to
25 Cents a Copy and $3.00 a Year
QUALITY
NO CHANGE IN
SIZE
OR
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and in the public esteem. In the largest sense it has been repre-
sentative of the best literature and of the best art of its time.
With the December number it will enter upon its hundredth
volume in circumstances so auspicious as to give it an exceptional
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25 Cents a Copy
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HARPER & BROTHERS, Publishers, New York, N. Y.


1899.]
149
THE DIAL
Mark Twain's Best Works
New Library Edition from New Plates. Illustrated.
THE ADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN. With Photogra-
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THE AMERICAN CLAIMANT, and Other Stories and Sketches.
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A CONNECTICUT YANKEE IN KING ARTHUR'S COURT.
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HOW TO TELL A STORY, and Other Essays. ( Contemporary Essayists.)
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PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS OF JOAN OF ARC, by Sieur Louis
DE CONTE, her Page and Secretary. Freely Translated out of Ancient
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HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS
NEW YORK AND LONDON


150
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
Houghton, Mifflin & Company's
Early Autumn Books.
LOVELINESS: A Story.
By ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS. With Illustra-
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rescue —
THE DUTCH AND QUAKER COLONIES IN AMERICA.
By JOHN FISKE. With 8 Maps. Two vols. Crown 8vo, gilt top, $4.00.
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Dr. Munger is peculiarly fitted to interpret him to this generation
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it and meet dream fairies; Aarou takes them to see an old fox, Scar-
LETTERS AND RECOLLECTIONS OF Face; Cawky, the crow, Mr. Coon, and Flit, the flying squirrel, relate
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JOHN MURRAY FORBES.
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Edited by his daughter, SARAH F. HUGAES. With
THE HELPERS.
portraits. 2 vols. 8vo, gilt top.
This work is one of the most notable which the year will bring in
By Francis LYNDE, author of "A Romance in Tran-
the Department of biography. Mr. Forbes was a man of remarkable sit.” 12mo, $1.50.
force and quality of character, a sagacious leader among business men, This is a story of the New West of to-day. It deals with engineers,
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effectively told.
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THE BOYS OF SCROOBY.
LETTERS AND PASSAGES FROM LET- By Ruth Hall, author of " In the Brave Days of Old.”
TERS OF RALPH WALDO EMERSON
With a frontispiece illustration. 12mo, $1 50.
To A FRIEND, 1835–1853. Edited by CHARLES Eliot
In the early years of the seventeenth century three boys of Scroo-
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Norton. 16mo, $1.00.
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them an uncommon attraction.
GOD'S EDUCATION OF MAN.
NANNIE'S HAPPY CHILDHOOD.
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By CAROLINE LESLIE FIELD, author of « High-Lights"
College. 16mo, $1.25.
and “The Unseen King.” With a pictorial cover and
Dr. Hyde, with the true modern spirit, here seeks to state the com other illustrations. Square 12mo, $1 00.
manding doctrines of religious life and thought in forms that appeal to This is a delightful story of and for children, showing what thoughts
the experience of men to-day. God is our teacher, and all men belong to and fancies people their minds, what visions and dreams make life a
the Divine School and are in process of education. The spirit of this edu fairyland to them. The sayings and doings of Nannie and her com-
cation, its method, its purpose, its successes and seeming failures - all panions make a very attractive story, of the same charming class with
these are treated with much acuteness of thought and in a vigorous style. “Little Jane and Me" and "A Little Girl of Long Ago."
Sold by all Booksellers.
Sent, postpaid, by the Publishers,
HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., BOSTON.


1899.]
151
THE DIAL
MESSRS. BADGER'S Fall Books
THE HOUSE OF THE SORCERER.
A Novel By HALDANE McFall. With frontispiece. 12mo, $1.25.
The scene of this remarkable and somewhat startling novel is laid in the West Indies, where the author
was for many years an officer in a Zouave regiment. It is the most powerfully realistic representation of
negro life ever written, and must certainly become one of the most widely discussed volumes of the year.
A BEAUTIFUL ALIEN.
A Novel. By JULIA MAGRUDER. With frontispiece. 12mo, $1.25.
As pretty a story as this popular author has yet written.
OLD MADAME, and Other Tragedies.
By HARRIETT PRESCOTT SPOFTORD. 12mo, $1.25.
This volume contains five novelettes, and the publishers believe
that work showing more sustained power and genuine strength has
seldom been offered to the public.
VASSAR STORIES.
By GRACE MARGARET GALLAHER. Illustrated. 12mo, $1.25.
Miss Gallaher will be remembered as the winner of the prizes for
short stories in the Century Magazine's recent competition. In the
present volume she has been equally happy in her selections of sub-
jects and in her treatment of them.
CAMP ARCADY.
The story of four girls who "kept house" in a New York "flat.
By FLOY CAMPBELL. Illustrated. 16mo, 75 cents.
A decidedly picturesque and readable story of art life.
CAPE OF STORMS.
A Novel. By PERCIVAL POLLARD. Illustrated. 12mo, $1.25.
A thoroughly good piece of work giving an entirely new presen-
tation of an old theme.
PEPYS'S GHOST.
His Wanderings in Greater Gotham, His Adventures in the Spanish
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set down, with many annotations, by EDWIN EMERSON, Jr. Nar-
row 16mo, old style boards, $1.25.
HER MAJESTY THE KING.
By JAMES JEFFREY Roche. Illustrated. 12mo, $1.25.
Although published nearly a year ago, the sales of this clever
satire are greater now than ever before. Three impressions have been
called for and a finuth is in rapid preparation. One man recently
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as “the wittiest book of the year." "It is well worth reading," says
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FRENCH PORTRAITS.
APPRECIATIONS OF THE WRITERS OF YOUNG FRANCE.
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9. The Christ of Jehan Rictus. 10. Maurice Barrès and Egoism. 11. Fables, Ballads, Pastorals: Jules
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JULIA MARLOWE: A Biography.
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ILLUSTRATED DITTIES OF THE
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THE ONLY WAR BOOK BY A REGULAR.
FROM YAUCO TO LAS MARIAS:
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With 40 full-page illustrations from photographs. 12mo, boards, $1.00.
Send for free sample copies of THE LITERARY REVIEW and new Fall Catalogue.
RICHARD G. BADGER & CO., BOSTON


152
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
THE CAMBRIDGE LITERATURE SERIES.
Under the editorial supervision of THOMAS HALL, Jr., Harvard University.
BOOKS REQUIRED FOR ADMISSION TO COLLEGE.
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NEW PUBLICATIONS OF
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SOLOMON, AND SOLOMONIC LITERATURE. By Moncure Daniel Conway, L.H.D. Portrays the Evolution of
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HISTORY OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY IN FRANCE. With Twenty-three Photogravure and Half-tone Portraits
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Pages, 500. Ready October 1.
A PHILOSOPHICAL CLASSIC.
DESCARTES' DISCOURSĘ ON METHOD. With portrait of Descartes after the painting of Franz Hals. With an
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HISTORY OF THE DEVIL. By Dr. Paul Carus. Profusely Illustrated. Pages, circa 450. In Preparation.
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the German by Prof. Wooster Woodruff Beman and Prof. David Eugene Smith. Pages, circa 250. In Preparation.
THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING COMPANY,
No. 324 Dearborn Street, CHICAGO


1899.]
153
THE DIAL
SOME FALL BOOKS FROM THE
RAND-MCNALLY PRESS.
READY SEPTEMBER 15.
A GENTLEMAN JUROR.
By CHARLES L. MARSH, Author of “Opening the Oyster,” etc.
Written with consummate literary skill, this is a novel in which is depicted ex-
citing adventures and startling situations, and throbbing with pathos, humor, and
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satisfactory conclusion in a most able manner.
12mo, Cloth, $1.25.
READY SEPTEMBER 18.
A MARRIED MAN.
By FRANCES AYMAR MATHEWS, Author of “ Joan D'Arc,” “His Will
and Her Way,” etc.
One of the strongest and most dramatic stories ever written. Original in plot,
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fiction.
12mo, Cloth, $1.25.
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THE BONDWOMAN.
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KNIGHT CONRAD OF RHEINSTEIN
JUDGE ELBRIDGE.
By JULIUS LUDOVICI.
By OPIE READ.
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MISTS OF FIRE.
LIVING IN THE WORLD.
By COATES KINNEY.
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OUTLOOKS AND INSIGHTS.
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.
Send for Complete Catalogue of our Publications.
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CHICAGO.
NEW YORK.


154
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
SELECTIONS FROM
J. B. Lippincott Co.'s Fall Announcement List.
FICTION.
THE SHADOW OF QUONG LUNG. By Dr. C. W. Doyle, author of "The Taming of the
Jungle." 12mo, cloth, extra, with frontispiece, $1.25. A powerful and original story of the Chi-
nese quarter of San Francisco.
A NEW RACE DIPLOMATIST. A Novel of the American Colony in Paris. By MRS. JENNIE
BULLARD WATERBURY. With five illustrations by EDOUARD CUCUEL. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
THE LAST REBEL. By JOSEPH A. ALTSHELER. With frontispiece by ELENORE PLAISTED AB-
BOTT. 12mo, cloth, $1.25.
MISS CARMICHAEL'S CONSCIENCE. By BARONESS Von HUTTEN. With frontispiece by
ELIZABETH SHIPPEN GREEN. 12mo, cloth, ornamental, $1. The cleverest of recent society stories.
THE FOX-WOMAN. By John LUTHER LONG. With frontispiece, on Japanese paper, by VIRGINIA
H. Davisson. 12mo, cloth, ornamental, $1.25.
WHEN ROGUES FALL OUT. A Romance of Old London. By JOSEPH HATTON. Cloth, $1.25.
A NAME TO CONJURE WITH. By John STRANGE WINTER. Cloth, $1.25.
A MAN: HIS MARK. By W. C. MORROW, author of “The Ape, the Idiot, and Other People,"
and “ Bohemian Paris of To-Day." 12mo, cloth, ornamental. With frontispiece by ELENORB
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ON ACCOUNT OF SARAH. By EYRE HUSSEY. A new English novel. 12mo, cloth, $1.25.
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trated by D. MURRAY SMITH. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
THE SPLENDID PORSENNA. By Mrs. Hugh FRASER. 12mo, cloth, $1.25. The work of Mrs.
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A SON OF EMPIRE. By MORLEY ROBERTS. 12mo, paper, 50 cents ; cloth, $1. To be issued in
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THE WRECK OF THE CONEMAUGH. By T. JENKINS Hains, author of “The Wind-Jammers."
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by Bess GoE. 12mo, cloth, $1.25.
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MY LADY FRIVOL. By Rosa N. CAREY. A book
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KINGSLEY.
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THE YOUNG CASTELLAN. By GEORGE MAN THE ORACLE OF BAAL. By I. PROVAND WEB-
VILLE FENN.
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STER.
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1899.]
155
THE DIAL
SELECTIONS FROM
J. B. Lippincott Co.'s Fall Announcement List.
mental cover,
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BOHEMIAN PARIS OF TO-DAY. Written by W. C.MORROW. From notes by EDOUARD CUCUEL.
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realistic account and picturing of the Latin Quarter and Montmartre. Written in most absorbing
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SALONS COLONIAL AND REPUBLICAN. With numerous reproductions of portraits and mini-
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THE TRUE WILLIAM PENN. By SYDNEY GEORGE FISHER. Uniform with “ The True Ben-
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MODERN MECHANISM. A Résumé of Recent Progress in Mechanical, Physical, and Engineering
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MOTHER GOOSE. Illustrated by F. Opper. 320 pages, with 250 illustrations. Octavo, orna-
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156
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
SOME OF
FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY'S
FORTHCOMING BOOKS.
The most important contribution to the history of English art
FICTION
published in years.
The works that are published by the Frederick A. Stokes Company
THE LIFE AND LETTERS OF SIR JOHN have all been selected with the greatest care and are all copyrighted.
EVERETT MILLAIS, PRESIDENT
They are manufactured in the most perfect manner possible, are
well printed and bound, and in most instances have ornamental covers
OF THE ROYAL ACADEMY.
designed by well-known artists.
By JOHN G. MILLAIS.
Among the novels to be published this fall are :
These two magnificent volumes contain the authoritative biography
by his son of the most distinguished and popular painter of the last
JENNIE BAXTER, JOURNALIST.
half of the century. They contain the story of his extraordinary boy-
By ROBERT BARR.
hood, of his early struggles, of the founding of the Pre-Raphaelite Jennie Baxter was a young American woman, a journalist of the
Brotherhood, now first given to the world in authentic detail, of the modern school, pretty, bright, and audacious. Visiting London, she
painting of most of his famous pictures, of his friendships with many began to introduce her American methods into the English and Conti.
of the most distinguished men of the day in art, letters and politics, of nental newspapers.
his home life, and of his sporting tastes and amusements.
Mr. Barr, as a veteran newspaper man, tells the story of her adven-
Not the least attractive and remarkable feature of this book will be tures in his spirited and humorous style. Jennie Barter is a unique
the magnificence of its illustrations. No more complete representation character in the world of fiction, and a most interesting one.
of the art of any painter has ever been produced on the same scale.
12mo, cloth
$1.25
The owners of Sir John Millais' most famous pictures have generously
given their consent to their reproduction in his biography, and over
THE CROWN OF LIFE.
two hundred pictures and sketches which have never been reproduced
By GEORGE GISSING.
before, and which in all probability will never be seen again by the
general public, will appear in these pages. Seven of Millais' finest
A strong novel by the author of "In the Year of the Jubilee,"
pictures are reproduced in photogravure.
“Eve's Ransome," etc.
Mr. Gissing's latest work. In this, as in "The Town Traveller," he
The early chapters contain sketches made by Millais at the age of
shows little of the cynicism that marked his early books. The work,
seven. There follow some exquisite drawings made by him during his
Pre-Raphaelite period, a large number of studies made for his great
as might be expected, is a social study, but of the better class of En-
pictures, water color and pen-and-ink sketches, and drawings humorous
glish society.
$1.25
and serious. There are ten portraits of Millais himself, including one
Size, 4 3-4x7% inches, cloth
by Mr. Watts. There is a portrait of Dickens, taken after death, and
THE MARKET-PLACE.
a sketch of D. G. Rossetti. The book will be the most important con-
tribution to the history of English art published in years.
By HAROLD FREDERIC.
2 vols., royal 8vo, 300 illustrations, cloth, gilt top .
$10.00
The last work of the greatest American author of this decade, and
the author of "The Damnation of Theron Ware," "March Hares," etc.
One of the most beautiful gifl-books ever published.
It has only been out three months and is already in its 23d thousand.
OUT-DOOR PICTURES.
With excellent illustrations by Harrison Fisher.
By THURE DE THULSTRUP.
“It is hard to refuse to Harold Frederic a claim to genius."-Cin.
cinnati Commercial Tribune.
Containing 24 exquisite pictures of out-door life. Twelve of these
Size, 4 34x744 inches, cloth
$1.50
are facsimiles of water-colors, and their variety is shown by their
titles, which are as follows: “At the Races,” “Following the Hounds,'
ACTIVE SERVICE.
“Coaching Parade," "Polo at Newport," "Reception Day on the
By STEPHEN CRANE.
Brooklyn,'"." Skating at Van Cortlandt Park," "Bathing at Narra-
gansett Pier," "A Day on a Steam Yacht," . Sleighing in Central
A new novel by Mr. Crane, the first important one he has written
Park,”
,!!.“West Point," “Yale-Princeton Football Game," and "On
since " The Red Badge of Courage.” Mr. Crane was in the Græco-
the Links."
Turkish war as a correspondent, and he has laid the scenes of his story
in the region where this occurred. Both the hero and the heroine
These facsimiles are produced by a new color process, which pre-
meet with many exciting adventures, and the interest in the story is
serves absolutely the artist's drawing. In addition to the facsimiles never allowed to flag. The general nature of the work is the same as
are 12 half-lone engravings, after designs in black and white by Mr. that of the author's most successful book, “ The Red Badge of Courage."
de Thulstrup, also depicting scenes of out-door life and sports.
Size, 4 3-4x742 inches, cloth.
$1.25
Size, 114x14 inches, cloth
$5.00
A valuable work of travel.
THE WATCHERS.
SIBERIA AND CENTRAL ASIA.
By A. E. W. Mason, Author of "The Courtship of Morrice Buckler."
The scene is laid in the Scilly Islands. It is a story of adventure,
By John W. BOOKWALTER.
and is as interesting and exciting as the author's first success.
Mr. Bookwalter took a trip through Siberia and Central Asia last Size, 4 3-4x7 1-2 inches .
$1.25
year, and this book is the result of his journey. Owing to the excep-
tional advantages offered him for studying the inhabitants and condi.
FOR THE SAKE OF THE DUCHESS.
tions of these countries, his work is a valuable contribution to the
By S. WALKEY.
literature on the Eastern question.
A story of adventure, being a page from the life of Vicomte de Cham-
Size, 644x94, inches, 548 pages
$4.00
pronet. The scene is laid in the early days of the last French empire.
The most beautiful handiwork of man.
Size, 4 3-4x7 1-2 inches, boards .
50 cts
THE SHIP, HER STORY.
AN ECLIPSE OF MEMORY.
By W. CLARK RUSSELL.
By Dr. MORTON GRINNELL.
The story of the birth of the ship, her launch, her growth from the The characters are all Americans, but the scene of the story is laid
“dugout" to a great ocean steamer or an armor-clad ship of war, is in New York, the West Indies, and Egypt, including a trip up the Nile
described in this work.
under most romantic circumstances.
With 50 illustrations by H. C. Steppings Wright, which Mr. Russell
Size, 5x7 1-2 inches, boards ....
50 cts
pronounces beautiful and in many respects faultless.
Size, 744x10 inches, cloth
$2.00
CUPID AND THE FOOTLIGHTS.
A play by the greatest of French dramatists.
By James L. FORD.
LA PRINCESSE LOINTAINE.
Author of "Dolly Dillenbeck," "The Literary Shop," etc.
A very interesting and unique little love story. Told entirely by the
By EDMOND ROSTAND, author of "Cyrano de Bergerac," etc. documents in the case. It gives some episodes from the lives of an
Translated by Charles Renauld. The first publication in English. actress and a newspaper man, and is marked by Mr. Ford's delightful
A play of rare poetical beauty and of as great literary merit as Cyrano. humor. Archie Gunn has illustrated this profusely with some most
With a portrait of the author as frontispiece.
striking pictures.
Size, 4�% inches, cloth, with a decorative cover by F.
Especially suitable for a Christmas present.
Berkeley Smith
50 cts
Size, 9x12 inches, with an ornamental cover
$1.50
For full particulars regarding beautiful editions of Standard Works, please send for catalogue or call.

.
FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY, 5 & 7 E. 16th St., New York.


1899.]
157
THE DIAL
Some of Frederick A. Stokes Company's Forthcoming Books.
Sidelights on the Santiago campaign.
Some wonderful pictures of the red man.
THE FUN AND FIGHTING OF THE WESTERN LIFE AS SEEN BY E. W. DEMING.
ROUGH RIDERS.
INDIAN PICTURES.
By Tom HALL.
Mr. Deming's pictures of Indian life are pronounced both by art
Author of “When Hearts are Trumps," " When Love is Lord," etc. critics and Western men most powerful and accurate. There is no
Mr. Hall was adjutant of the Rough Riders, and went through all artist of the present time who understands and can depict Indian life
the Santiago campaign. In this book Mr. Hall has brought out all the as well as Mr. Deming,
picturesque features of Col. Roosevelt's troopers, and has omitted the Containing six facsimiles of water-colors by Mr. Deming.
dry details and facts that have been told in other works.
Largo folio, 12 1-2x17 1-2 inches, with cover in colors, after a de-
Sixe, 4 3-4x7 1-2 inches, boards
50 cts. sign by Mr. Deming, boxed
$4.00
Artistic pictures for young and old.
Three very interesting books for children by Mr. Deming
are also offered.
MAUD HUMPHREY'S NEW BOOKS.
INDIAN CHILD LIFE.
Collections of facsimiles of water-color sketches by this famous artist,
This consists of 18 stories about Indian children. Each one tells
which have never been equalled in the beauty of the designs or the ex-
cellence of the reproductions. As a printer of children Miss Hum-
some anecdote, illustrating some phase of their life, describing their
phrey is admitted to be the most successful in the world.
customs, their pets, and curious and interesting facts connected with
their childhood.
GALLANT LITTLE PATRIOTS.
These are illustrated by 18 facsimiles of water-colors, and 25 half-
tone engravings after designs in black and white by the author, done in
With twelve facsimiles of designs of little boys and girls, in scenes his inimitable style.
and costumes suggestive of the late war. One, entitled "The Return-
Size, 8 1-2x11 inches, boards, with cover after a design by Mr.
ing Hero," represents a little boy, in a United States uniform, leaning
Deming
$2.00
on a crutch, and there is a bandage around his head. On either side is
a pretty little girl, one holding his toy sword, while the other is offer-
LITTLE RED PEOPLE.
ing him a bouquet of roses. Other pictures are: “Naval Reserve
Girl," "The Military Band," "Roosevelt's Rough Riders," " Hobson
LITTLE INDIAN FOLK.
and the 'Merrimac,'" "A Red Cross Nurse," etc.
Each of these books contain just half the illustrations and text in
These pictures represent the children acting out these scenes just as the preceding volume.
they would imagine them, and the effects produced are very dainty and Size, 8 1-2x11 inches, boards, with cover in colors
$1.25
fascinating.
With appropriate text for each picture by Miss Mabel Humphrey,
A delightful book for children.
printed in inks of different colors; and with numerous designs in black
and white by her.
A LITTLE DAUGHTER OF THE
Size, 9x11 inches, boards, with covers in colors
$2.00
REVOLUTION.
LITTLE HEROES AND HEROINES.
By Miss A. C. SAGE.
This new work by Miss Sage is in the same field as her successful
LITTLE SOLDIERS AND SAILORS. work, "A Little Colonial Dame." It is a story of child life during
These books are made up of selections from “Gallant Little
the exciting period of the War for American Independence, and the
Patriots," each containing just half the illustrations and text in the
scenes are laid in Boston, in Philadelphia and in New York. The book
larger volume, and bound in exactly the same manner.
is one that possesses as much interest for boys as for girls.
Size, 9x11 inches, boards
$1.25 Size, 6 34x8 3-4 inches, cloth, illustrated
$1.50
THE GOLF GIRL.
LOYAL HEARTS AND TRUE.
Four attractive facsimiles of water-colors, by Miss Humphrey, of
By Ruth OGDEN.
girls playing golf, each picture representing a different season of the A new book by this popular author, whose work has so endeared
year. The costumes are bright and attractive, and the pictures are her to the children. This story concerns the adventures of a group of
full of life.
young children who form themselves into "The Dry Dock Club," and
Each picture is accompanied by verses by Dr. Samuel Minturn
who have their headquarters near the Brooklyn Navy Yard. The war
Peck, the popular Southern poet.
with Spain brings out their patriotic spirit, which they show in many
Size, 9x11 inches, heavy boards
$1.00
ways. Profusely illustrated by Harry C. Ogden.
Size, 4 3-4x7 1-2 inches, cloth, with a cover designed by F. Berk-
eley Smith
$1.50
A book of adventure for boys.
THE TREASURE SEEKERS.
JACK, THE YOUNG RANCHMAN.
By E. NESBIT.
OR A BOY'S ADVENTURES IN THE ROCKIES.
A charming book for children. It concerns the history of the Barn-
By GEORGE BIRD GRINNELL.
stable children, and originally appeared in the Pall Mall Magazine,
Jack Danvers was a young New York boy whose health was not where it met with great success. With numerous illustrations by
good, and who was sent in consequence by his family to spend some Gordon Browne.
months on a Western ranch. This was before the extermination of
4to, cloth
$1.50
the buffalo and the wild Indian, and when the cattle business was at
its best.
POINT LACE AND DIAMONDS.
With numerous beautiful illustrations by E. W. Deming, the great
By GEORGE A. BAKER.
delineator of Western life.
Size 4 3-4x7 1-2 inches, cloth .
A beautiful presentation edition of this popular collection of
$1.50
“ Vers de Société."
With numerous illustrations by Louise E. Huestis.
With cover
Works for old and young by a delightful and original humorist and
designed by Berkeley Smith.
artist.
12mo, cloth, stamped in gold and colored inks.
$1.25
BOOKS BY GELETT BURGESS.
THE LIVELY CITY O' LIGG.
CALENDARS.
Over one hundred and twenty-five varieties to choose from.
A cycle of modern fairy tales for city children by Gelelt Burgess,
The finest line ever offered.
formerly editor of The Lark, author of " Vivetle," etc.
Thure de Thulstrup, Rufus F. Zogbaum, Maud Humphrey, Paul
Illustrated with 3 full-page color plates, and 45 black and white
de Longprè, Mabel Humphrey, and Archie Gunn are among the art-
drawings.
ists represented.
4to, full cloth
$1.50
The lithographed calendars are all printed in thirteen or fourteen
NONSENSE ALMANAC.
colors, and are almost perfect reproductions of the original water-
color sketches, so excellent in fact that they are well worth framing.
An almanac and calendar combined for the year 1900. Contains 14 Features of the line are many half-tone and photogravure calen-
humorous drawings in black and white, with nonsense quatrains, dis dars, with a most varied range of subjects. Mabel Humphrey and
torted proverbs, etc. A most original and striking novelty. Cover Archie Gunn have furnished some very beautiful examples of social
design by Mr. Burgess, printed in two colors on dark brown antique life, and some of the best examples of modern and religious art have
English paper.
been reproduced from Salon pictures. Also a large line of imported
Size, 7x10 inches, 32 pages
50 cts. calendars of all kinds. Send for catalogue.
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.
FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY, 5 & 7 E. 16th St., New York.


158
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
D. APPLETON & Co.'s NEW BOOKS
Oom Paul's People.
The King's Mirror.
By HOWARD C. HILLEGAS. With illustrations. A Novel. By ANTHONY HOPE, author of “The
12mo, cloth, $1.50.
Chronicles of Count Antonio,” “ The God in the
"Oom Paul's People" is the title of an exceedingly timely Car,” « Rupert of Hentzau." 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
and interesting book, presenting clearly for the first time in this
country the Boers' side of the Transvaal Question. The author is
Mr. Hope's new romance pictures the life of a prince and king
under conditions modern, and yet shared by representatives of royalty
Howard C. Hillegas, a New York newspaper man, who spent nearly
two years in South Africa, enjoying special facilities at the hands of
almost throughout history. In the subtle development of character
President Kruger and other Boer officials, as well as from Sir Alfred
nothing that this brilliant author has written is shrewder than this
Milner and other British representatives at Cape Colony. The book
vivid picture of a king's inner life. It is a romance which will not only
absorb the attention of readers, but impress them with a new admira-
contains an important interview with Oom Paul, and a special study
tion for the author's power. ** The King's Mirror” is accompanied
of Cecil Rbodes. The author blames stock jobbers and politicians for
all the trouble between the Boers and the English, and believes that
by a series of apt and effective illustrations by Mr. Frank T. Merrill.
war is the probable final outcome. One chapter is especially devoted Mammon and Co.
to the American interests in South Africa, showing that, while
British capital owns the vast gold mines, American brains operate
A Novel. By E. F. BENSON, author of “ Dodo,"
them. The book is eminently readable from first to last.
“ The Rubicon,” etc. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
Averages.
This new novel by the popular author of "Dodo" is bound to
A Novel. By ELEANOR STUART, author of
attract much attention. It deals with personages living in the same
society that was characterized in the former novel. Mr. Benson, it
Stone pastures.” 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
will be remembered, is a son of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and is
Novels of New York have sometimes failed through lack of knowl thoroughly acquainted with the society in which he places the scenes
edge of the theme, but the brilliant author of "Averages " and
of his novels of London life. In “ Mammon and Co." the good genius
“Stonepastures" has had every opportunity to know her New York
of the tale is an American girl.
well. She has been able, therefore, to avoid the extremes of "high Alaska and the Klondike.
life" and "low life," which have seemed to many to constitute the
only salient phases of New York, and she paints men and women of A Journey to the New Eldorado. With Hints to
every day, and sketches the curious interdependence and associa the Traveller and Observations on the Physical
tion or impingement of differing circles in New York. It is a story
of social life, but of a life exhibiting ambitions and efforts, whether History and Geology of the Gold Regions, the
wisely or ill directed, which are quite outside of purely social func Condition and Methods of Working the Klondike
tions. There is a suggestion of the adventurer, a figure not unfamiliar
to New Yorkers, and there are glimpses of professional life and
Placers, and the Laws Governing and Regulating
the existence of idlers. "Averages" is not a story of froth or Mining in the Northwest Territory of Canada. By
slums, but a brilliant study of actualities, and its publication will
attract increased attention to the rare talent of the author.
ANGELO HEILPRIN, Professor of Geology Acad-
The Races of Europe.
emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Fellow
A Sociological Study. By WILLIAM Z. RIPLEY,
Royal Geographical Society of London, Past Pres.
Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Sociology, Mass.
Geographical Society of Philadelphia, etc. Fully
Institute Technology, Lecturer in Anthropology
illustrated from Photographs and with a new
at Columbia University. Crown 8vo, cloth, 650
Map of the Gold Regions. 12mo, cloth, $1.75.
pages, with 85 Maps and 235 Portrait Types. With Imperial Democracy.
a Supplementary Bibliography of nearly 2000 By DAVID STARR JORDAN, Ph.D., Pres't and
Titles, separately bound in cloth (178 pages), $6. Stanford Junior University. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
Uncle Sam's Soldiers.
Snow on the Headlight.
By O. P. AUSTIN, Chief of the Bureau of Statis A Story of the Great Burlington Strike. By CY
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Sam's Secrets." " Appletons' Home-Reading road,” etc. 12mo, cloth, $1.25.
Books." Illustrated. 12mo, cloth, 75 cents net. A History of Bohemian Literature.
Idylls of the Sea.
By Count Lurzow. A new volume in the “Lit-
By FRANK T. BULLEN, author of “ The Cruise of eratures of the World ” Series Edited by Ed-
the Cachalot.” Uniform ed'n. 12mo, cloth, $1.25. mund Gosse. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
A Double Thread.
A History of the American Nation.
By ELLEN THORNEYCROFT FOWLER, author of By ANDREW C. McLAUGALIN, Professor of
Concerning Isabel Carnaby," etc. 12mo, cloth, American History in the University of Michigan.
$1 50.
With many Maps and Illustrations. 12mo, cloth,
The Story of the British Race.
$1.40 net. “Twentieth Century” Series.
By John MUNRO, C.E., author of "The Story of The Story of the Living Machine.
Electricity.” A new volume in the “ Library of By H. W. Conn, author of “Story of Germ Life."
Useful Stories.” Illustrated. 16mo, cloth, 40 cts. Library of Useful Stories.” 18mo, cloth, 40c.
IN APPLETONS' TOWN AND COUNTRY LIBRARY.
Each 12mo, cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 cts.
LADY BARBARITY. A Romance. By J. C. SNAITH, THE STRANGE STORY OF HESTER WYNNE. Told
author of “ Mistress Dorothy Marvin," Fierceheart, by Herself. With a Prologue by G. COLMORE, author
the Soldier," etc.
of "A Daughter of Music," etc.
A BITTER HERITAGE. By John BLOUNDELLE-BURTON, THE HEIRESS OF THE SEASON. By Sir WILLIAM
author of “ Fortune's my Foe," etc.
MAGNAY, Bart., author of "The Pride of Life," etc.
For sale by all Booksellers, or sent by mail on receipt of price by the Publishers,
D. APPLETON & COMPANY, No. 72 Fifth Avenue, New York.


1899.]
159
THE DIAL
D. Appleton & Co.'s Forthcoming Books
The International Geography.
The Reminiscences of a Very Old Man.
By Dr. FRIDTJOF NANSEN, Prof. V. M. DAVIS,
1808-1896.
Sir CLEMENT R. MARKHAM, JAMES BRICE, F. C. By John SARTAIN. Illustrated. 12mo, cloth,
Selous, and others. Edited by Dr. H. R. NULL. $1.50.
The last few years have proved so rich in geograph Mr. Sartain was born in London, where as a boy he
ical discoveries that there has been a pressing need
witnessed the Peace Jubilee and saw many picturesque
for a resumé of recent explorations and changes which phases of old London and its life which have since
should present in convenient and accurate form the disappeared.
disappeared. He studied under Varley and Richter
latest results of geographical work. The additions to and began to engrave in Ottley's school. In this
our knowledge have not been limited to Africa, Asia, country his associations were literary as well as artistic.
and the Arctic regions, but even on our own continent He knew Washington Irving and others of the Knick-
the gold of the Klondike has led to a better knowledge erbocker literary circle, and his close relations with
of the region.
Edgar Allan Poe form the subject of a most interest-
ing chapter.
A History of American Privateers.
By EDGAR STANTON MACLAY, A.M., author of
History of the People of the United States.
“ A History of the United States Navy.” Uni-
By Prof. John B. McMASTER. Vol.V., 8vo. With
form with “A History of the United States
Maps and Index. About 600 pages. $2.50.
Navy.” One vol. Illus. 8vo, cloth, $3.50. The Principles of Taxation.
The Hero of Manila Bay.
By the late DAVID A. WELLS.
The Story of the Admiral's Younger Years. By Russian Literature.
ROSSITER JOHNSON. A new book in the “ Young
By K. WALISZEWSKI. A new volume in the
Heroes of Our Navy"Series. Illustrated. 12mo,
Literatures of the World Series. $1.50.
cloth, $1.00.
The Comparative Physiology and Morphol-
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HENRY BARBOUR. Illus. 12mo, cloth, $1.50. Evolution of Atrophy.
The Book of Knight and Barbara.
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cloth, $1.50.
national Scientific Series."
The Treasure Ship.
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A Story of Sir William Phipps, The Regicides,
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by Miss CATHARINE M. JANVIER. $1.50.
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tion. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
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For sale by all Booksellers, or sent by mail on receipt of price by the Publishers,
D. APPLETON & COMPANY, No. 72 Fifth Avenue, New York.


160
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
By
WINSTON
CHURCHILL
Richard
Carvel
110th Thousand
15th Edition
Cloth, $1.50
100,000 IN LESS THAN THREE MONTHS
en-
“RICHARD CARVEL “A third satisfaction to be derived from a reading of this “RICHARD CARVEL...
one of the most delightful and book lies in the conviction that first dawns upon the reader's is in every way strong, orig-
fascinating studies of man mind, and then grows in force and positiveness as he proceeds inal, and delightful .
ners and stories of adventure with the story, that we have in this new writer one who has titled to high place on the list
which has yet appeared in studied his art and, to an extraordinary degree, mastered it. of successful novels. . . . It
our literature."-HAMILTON As a whole, it is a production of which not only the author, is a charming story."— Buf-
W. MABIE in The Outlook. but his countrymen, have every reason to be proud."-Literature. falo Commercial.
“RICHARD CARVEL is a historical romance of revolutionary days, with the scenes laid partly in Maryland and partly
in the London of George III. In breadth of canvas, massing of dramatic effect, depth of feeling, and rare wholesomeness of
spirit, it has seldom if ever been surpassed by an American romance. ... It is one of the novels that are not made for
a day."-Chicago Tribune.
“ RICHARD CARVEL seems, verily, to possess every qual “RICHARD CARVEL is the most extensive piece of
ity that goes to make a genuinely great work of fiction. It has semi-historical fiction which has yet come from an
the reassuring solidity and the charming quaintness of Henry American hand; it is on a larger scale than any of its prede-
Esmond' or 'The Virginians,' with an additional zest that cessors, and the skill with which the materials have been
must perforce be the author's own." – New York Home handled justifies the largeness of the plan."- H. W. M. in
Journal.
The New York Times.
OTHER NEW NOVELS.
MASON.
MIRANDA OF THE BALCONY. By
A. E. W. Mason, author of “The
Courtship of Morrice Buckler," etc.
Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. Just Ready.
Scenes in Spain and Morocco, eto.
CASTLE.
YOUNG APRIL. By EGERTON Cas-
TLE, author of "The Pride of Jen-
nico." Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. Ready
in October.
In this book, as in its forerunner, there
is a rare degree of beauty and distinction
of literary style. Full of dash and color.
It is illustrated with ten full-page half-
tones from drawings by Wenzell.
SHERWOOD.
HENRY WORTHINGTON, IDEAL-
IST. By MARGARET SHERWOOD, au-
thor of "An Experiment in Altruism,"
“A Puritan Bohemia," eto. Cloth,
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MY LADY AND ALLAN DARKE.
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GARLAND.
MAIN TRAVELLED ROADS. By
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DIX.
SOLDIER RIGDALE. How AE
SAILED IN THE “MAYFLOWER" AND
HOW HE SERVED MILES STANDISH,
By BEULAH MARIE Dıx, author of
Hugh Gwyeth, a Roundhead Cava-
lier.” In the series of Stories from
American History. Cloth, 8vo, $1.50.
Just Ready.
Miss Dix's "Hugh Gwyeth” was, it
will be remembered, the book of which
the Saturday Review (London) wrote,
“We found it difficult to tear ourselves
away from the fascinating narrative."
CANAVAN.
BEN COMEE. A TALE OF ROGERS'
RANGERS. By M.J. CANAVAN. Illug-
trated by George Gibbs. Cloth, 12mo,
$1.50. Ready in October.
HEWLETT.
LITTLE NOVELS OF ITALY. By
MAURICE HEWLETT, author of "The
Forest Lovers,"
*** Pan and the Young
Shepherd," etc. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50.
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TALES OF LANGUEDOC. By SAM-
UEL JACQUES BRuN. Vith an Intro-
duction by Harriet W. Preston. New
edition. Cloth, 12mo, $1.50. Ready
in October,
Folk-lore and fairy tales beautifully
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CRAWFORD.
VIA CRUCIS:
A Romance of the Second Crusade.
By F. MARION CRAWFORD, author of “Saracinesca," “ Corleone," " Ave Roma Immortalis," etc. With twelve
full-page illustrations by Louis Loeb. Buckram, 12mo. Ready in October.
A story evincing thoroughly intimate acquaintance with the customs, manners, and events of the period, and
full of that deep sympathy by which Mr. Crawford's stories gain such compelling interest.
SEND FOR NEW ANNOUNCEMENT LIST OF BOOKS.
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK CITY.


1899.]
161
THE DIAL
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF BOOKS TO BE ISSUED THIS FALL BY
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
-
ARCHÆOLOGY, ARCHITECTURE, ETC.
BUTLER Scotland's Ruined Abbeys. By HOWARD
CROSBY BUTLER.
Cloth, 8vo. $3.50. Ready in October.
Illustrated with beautiful pen-and-ink drawings and plans.
LANCIANI The Destruction of Rome. By Prof.
RODOLFO LANCIANI, D.C.L., of the University of Rome, author of
"Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries," etc.
Cloth, 8vo. Ready in Oclober.
MAU- Pompeii. Its LIFE AND ART. By August MAU.
Translated by Prof. FRANCIS W. KELSEY, University of Michigan.
Fully illustrated. Cloth, 8vo. Ready in November.
The illustrations are carefully selected from the best recent pho-
tographs, maps and plans.
MOORE — The Development and Character of Gothic
Architecture. By CHARLES HERBERT MOORE, Ph.D.,
Harvard University. New Edition.
Cloth, 8vo. $4.50 net. Just ready.
In this new edition the text has been entirely rewritten, while the
larger part of the illustration is new.
LITERATURE.
CORSON - An Introduction to the Poetical and Prose
Works of John Milton. By HIRAM CORSON, LL.D.,
Cornell University.
Cloth, 12mo. Ready in September.
CROSS -- The Development of the English Novel. By
WILBUR L. Cross, Yale University.
Cloth, 12mo. $1.50. Ready in September.
MARBLE -- Nature Pictures by American Poets. Ed.
ited by Mrs. ANNIE RUSSELL MARBLE.
Cloth, crown 8vo. Ready in October.
A book which is intended to foster a closer acquaintance with the
best American poets and painters.
SHAKESPEARE - The Temple Shakespeare. Library
edition. Edited by ISRAEL GOLLANCZ. In larger type, with illus-
trations and notes added.
Twelve volumes, cloth, 12mo. Ready in September.
The success of “The Temple Shakespeare" has been so phenom.
enal (over a million copies) that its publishers have, in consequence of
repeated requests, arranged to issue it in a size and form more suit-
able for library use, illustrating the notes, etc.
TENNYSON - The Life and Works of Alfred Lord
Tennyson. Limited Edition. Including the life of
Tennyson by his son Hallam, the present Lord Tennyson. Limited
to 10,000 copies, to be sold in sets only.
Ten volumes, crown 8vo. Ready in October.
WINCHESTER — Principles of Literary Criticism. By
Prof. C. T. WINCHESTER, Wesleyan University.
Cloth, 12mo. $1.50. Ready in September.
THEOLOGY AND THE BIBLE.
CHEYNE and BLACK - Encyclopedia Biblica. A Dic-
TIONARY OF THE BIBLE. Edited by the Rev. T. K. CHEYNE, D.D.,
and J. SUTHERLAND BLACK.
Four volumes, cloth, 8vo. $4.00 each. Ready in October.
GILBERT -- The Revelation of Jesus. By GEORGE H.
GILBERT, author of "The Students' Life of Jesus," etc.
Cloth, 12mo. $1.50. Ready in October.
JONES- Jess. BITS OF WAYSIDE GOSPEL. By JENKIN
LLOYD Jones, editor of Unity, author of “The Faith that Makes
Faithful," etc. Cloth, 12mo. $1.50. Ready in September.
Vacation sermons in the guise of summer stories, full of a fresh
hopefulness of spirit.
MATHEWS- A History of New Testament Times in
Palestine. By SHAILER MATHEW8, University of Chi-
cago.
Cloth, 12mo. Ready in October,
“The author is scholarly, devout, awake to all modern thought
and yet conservative.”- The Congregationalist,
ECONOMICS, PHILOSOPHY.
CLARK - Outlines of Civil Government. By F. H.
CLARK
Cloth, 12mo. Ready in September.
A supplement to the students' edition of Bryce's “ American
Commonwealth."
IRELAND - Tropical Colonization. An INTRODUCTION
TO THE STUDY OF THE QUESTION. By ALLEYNE IRELAND, author
of “Demarariania," etc. With 10 historical charts.
Cloth, 12mo. Ready in September.
By an author who has spent ten years in the tropics in special
study of this subject.
TARDE - Social Laws. A translation of Tarde's "Les
Lois Sociales" by HOWARD C. WARREN, of Princeton University.
With an introduction by J. MARK BALDWIX.
Cloth, 12mo. Ready in September.
SMITH — Methods of Knowledge. An EssAY IN EPISTE-
MOLOGY. By WALTER SMITH, of Lake Forest University.
Cloth, 12mo. Ready in September.
A definition of knowledge and study of the methods by which men
have thought it possible to attain it.
EDUCATION, TEXT-BOOKS, ETC.
ALLEN — Topics of United States History. By JOHN
G. ALLEN, Ph.D., Principal of the High School, Rochester, N. Y.
With illustrations, marginal references to sources, etc.
Ready in September.
CARPENTER - Elements of Rhetoric and English
Composition. First and Second High School Courses.
By GEORGE R. CARPENTER, Columbia College.
Cloth, 12mo. Ready in September.
COMAN and KENDALL-History of England. For
High Schools and Academies. By KATHERINE COMAN, Ph. B., and
ELIZABETH K. KENDALL, both of Wellesley College.
Cloth, crown 8vo. Ready in September.
Aims to aid the student in gaining some comprehension of the vari.
ous factors which have worked together to produce modern Britain.
GANONG - The Teaching Botanist. A MANUAL OF
INFORMATION UPON BOTANICAL INSTRUCTION, TOGETHER WITH OUT-
LINES AND DIRECTIONS FOR A COMPREHENSIVE ELEMENTARY COURSE.
By WILLIAM F. GANONG, Ph.D., Smith College.
Cloth, 12mo. Ready in September.
LANGE- Our Native Birds. How To PROTECT THEM
AND ATTRACT THEM TO OUR HOMES. By D. LANGE, Instructor in
Nature Study in the Schools of St. Paul, Minn. Author of a
“Manual of Nature Study." Cloth, 12mo. Ready in September.
LEWIS- A First Manual of Composition. By EDWIN
HERBERT LEWIS, Principal of Lewis Institute, Chicago, author of
"A First Book in Writing English," eto
Cloth, 12mo. Ready in September.
This first manual," with a second in press, present a system
theory and practice adapted to use in secondary schools.
SCIENCE.
HARDIN—The Liquefaction of Gases. Its RISE AND
DEVELOPMENT. By WILLETT L. HARDIN, Ph.D., University of
Pennsylvania.
Cloth, 12mo. Ready in September.
MACBRIDE The Myxomycetes. A HANDBOOK OF
NORTH AMERICAN SLIME MOULDs. By Thomas H. MACBRIDE, Pro-
fessor of Botany, University of Iowa.
Cloth, 12mo. Ready in September.
A list of all species described in North America, including Central
America.
SUTER- Handbook of Optics. FOR STUDENTS OF OPH-
THALMOLOGY. By WILLIAM N. BUTER, M.D., National University,
Washington, D.C.
Cloth, 12mo. Ready in September.
These are but a few of the forthcoming Macmillan publications. A similar list of Biography, Fiction, History,
Illustrated Books, etc., etc., appeared here a short time since, and as soon as it is ready the new complete
Fall Announcement List, now in press, will be sent without charge to any one applying for a copy to
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK CITY.


162
[Sept. 16, 1899.
THE DIAL
A NEW HISTORICAL NOVEL
Just Published by THE BOWEN-MERRILL COMPANY :
THE BLACK WOLF'S BREED. A Story of France in the Old World
and the New; Happening in the Reign of Louis XIV. By HARRIS DICKSON.
Illustrations by C. M. RELYEA. Crown 8vo, gilt top, $1.50.
This tale of adventure, by a new Southern writer, seems destined to rank high among the successes of the
year. It is stirringly told, is full of a sort of interest which endures from beginning to the end, and the
writer has the grip of experience in relating dashing incidents, an experience which he has gained by the most
careful research into the history of the days of his story, and by personal journeyings to those parts of France
and of America with which the story deals.
RILEY LOVE LYRICS. With pictures by DYER. Being a collection of the
favorites of James Whitcomb Riley's poetry, illustrated with over fifty studies
from life by WILLIAM B. DYER. 12mo, ornamented cloth, $1.25.
6. Riley Love Lyrics' is one of the most beautiful of the holiday books. It contains all the favorites of
his dainty, tender love poems, and the illustrations, of which there are over one hundred, add greatly to the
book's artistic beauty. Mr. Dyer shows a poetic appreciation of the author's verse and the ability to work out
with camera and brush the central ideas in an altogether delightful way.”
THE LEGIONARIES. By HENRY Scott CLARK. A story of the great raid
made by General Morgan in the Civil War. Illustrated by HOWARD MCCOR-
MACK. Crown 8vo, gilt top, $1.50.
The book is in a field that is new and it gives a series of accurate, vivid, yet dispassionate pictures of the
time. The description of the dashing ride made by the famous raider is dramatic in its interest.
BOOK LOVERS' VERSE. Songs of Books and Bookmen.
Songs of Books and Bookmen. Compiled from
English and American authors. By HOWARD S. Ruddy. 12mo, gilt top, $1.25.
THE PURITAN REPUBLIC. By DANIEL Wait HOWE. A History of the
Puritan Commonwealth of Massachusetts Bay. One large volume. 8vo, gilt
top, $3.50.
OF SUCH IS THE KINGDOM. For Children and Grown Folk Alike. A
Book of Delicious Stories and Rhymes for Children. By CLARA VAWTER.
With many Illustrations by WILL VAWTER. 12mo, $1.25.
Other Recent Books.
WHEN KNIGHTHOOD WAS IN FLOWER. A AN IDYL OF THE WABASH. By ANNA NICRO-
love story of Charles Brandon and Mary Tudor, LAS. (Third edition.) Ten stories of Hoosierdom.
sister of Henry VIII. By CHARLES MAJOR (Edwin Printed on fine paper; with cover design by Eva-
Caskoden). Illustrated. 95th Thousand. Crown LEEN STEIN. 12mo, gilt top, $1.25.
8vo, gilt top, $1.50.
RILEY CHILD-RHYMES. With Hoosier Pictures.
JOHNNIE. By E. O. LAUGHLIN. (Third edition.) (Twenty-second edition.) The favorite child-rhymes
Illustrated with 16 pictures in photogravure. 12mo, by JAMES WHITCOMB RILEY. With over 100
gilt top, $1.25.
Hoosier pictures by WILL VAWTER. Square 12mo,
COMES ONE WITH A SONG. By FRANK L.
ornamental cover, $1.25.
STANTON. (Second edition.) An entirely new vol TEMPLE TALKS. By MYRON W. REED. (Second
ume of poems by Frank L. Stanton, of the Allanta edition.) Essays
Essays on questions pertinent to the
Constitution, Georgia. 12mo, gilt top, $1.25. times. With portrait. 16mo, $1.25.
THE BOWEN-MERRILL COMPANY, Publishers,
INDIANAPOLIS, IND., U. S. A.


THE DIAL
A Semi-Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in adrance, postage
prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries
comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must
be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the
current number. REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by express or
postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and
for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application;
and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished
on application. All communications should be addressed to
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
No. 318.
SEPT. 16, 1899.
Vol. XXVII.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
BOOKS OF THE COMING YEAR
163
LITERATURE, MUSIC, AND MORALS. Charles
Leonard Moore
.
165
.
COMMUNICATIONS
167
The Civil War and National Sovereignty. E. Par-
malee Prentice.
“ Baldoon” and “David Harum.” Rand, McNally
of Co.
Bismarck's Debt to Goethe. Charles Bundy Wilson.
- AMERICAN TALKS” BY A LITERARY
VETERAN. E. G. J.
168
RELIGION IN GREEK LITERATURE, Paul
Shorey.
170
SEEN WITH JAPANESE EYES. Wallace Rice 172
BOOKS OF THE COMING YEAR.
The classified list of forthcoming publica-
tions, which is, as in previous years, the dis-
tinctive feature of this mid-September issue of
THE DIAL, excites so many pleasurable antici-
pations that the most careful selection from
the announcements made can hardly fail to be
somewhat invidious. As is stated in the note
which heads the list, there are upwards of six-
teen hundred titles already at hand, which is
not only an increase, but a notably large in-
crease, over any list previously published by
us. Out of this wilderness of books of all
sorts of interest we select, with considerable
hesitation, a few of those that seem most at-
tractive, confining the selection mainly to the
departments of general literature, belles-lettres,
history, and biography, although a few books
from other categories are also included.
Among works of general literature we are
particularly glad to notice that the “American
Anthology,” upon which Mr. Stedman has for
several years been engaged, is at last about to
appear. Colonel T. W. Higginson will pub-
lish a volume of reminiscences under the title
of Contemporaries.” Professor C. E. Norton
has edited a new volume of the correspondence
of Ralph Waldo Emerson. A volume of the
prose of E. R. Sill will prove a welcome com-
panion to the three volumes of his verse already
published. A volume of the letters of Sidney
Lanier will be an extremely acceptable addi-
tion to the list of the writings of a man
whose fame grows yearly more secure.
“ The
Authority of Criticism and Other Essays,”
by Professor W. P. Trent, will, we are sure,
find many appreciative readers. Volumes of
essays by Professor John Fiske and Professor
H. T. Peck, those exceptionally versatile wri.
ters, are also to appear. There will be sev-
eral volumes in the new series of National
Studies in American Letters,” edited by Pro-
fessor G. E. Wood berry, whose own contribu-
tion, “ Flower of Essex,” will be awaited quite
as eagerly as any of the others. We are glad,
too, that an enlarged issue is promised of the
selected essays of the late Richard Malcolm
Johnston.
Outside of American general literature,
.
.
.
.
.
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne
174
Waterloo's The Launching of a Man.- Horton's
A Fair Brigand – Jobpson's King or Knave.-
Stephens's A Gentleman Player.- Mrs. Baylor-Bar-
num's The Ladder of Fortune.- Mrs. Lust's A Tent
of Grace.- Russell's The Mandate.- Dowson and
Moore's Adrian Rome.- Grant Allen's Miss Gayley's
Adventures.-Wells's When the Sleeper Wakes. –
Oxenham's A Princess of Vascovy.- Marchmont's
A Dash for a Throne. – Birt's Castle Czvargas.-
Pemberton's The Garden of Swords.-Sienkiewicz's
In Vain.- Fru Skram's Professor Hieronymus.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
177
Interesting reminiscences of a King. - The fight of a
corporation with the people. - A statesman in let-
ters.- A commemorative volume on Yale college. –
The life of Gen. Sherman well re-told. - Lessons
from our historic past. —Some discouraging revel-
ations of the French Army. - European literature in
cross-sections. — Mystifying the mystery of Dreyfus.
-A popular biography of Bismarck.
BRIEFER MENTION
180
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS
181
(A classified list of 1600 titles announced for publi-
cation during the coming season.)
LITERARY NOTES
193
.
.
.
.
.


164
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
the most promising announcements are those Professor G. E. Woodberry.
Professor G. E. Woodberry. But poets seem
of the letters of Robert Louis Stevenson and to be few in number this year, or else unusually
the long-heralded memoirs of Victor Hugo. modest in putting forth an advance claim to
Mr. Gosse's Life and Letters of John Donne attention. We find no American announce-
has been heralded even longer, and will be ment of Mr. Swinburne's “Rosamund," but
one of the “ books of the year. The “Rus- that work will, of course, be the book of the
sian Literature" by Mr. K. Waliszewski will year” as far as poetry is concerned. We have
be added to Mr. Gosse's series of “Literature also seen reports in our English exchanges of
of the World.” Dr. Richard Garnett's “ Es a probable volume of miscellaneous poems by
says in Librarianship and Bibliography” will Mr. Swinburne, as well as of the tragedy defi-
appeal to all bookmen. The host of reprints nitely promised.
and artistic new editions of standard litera. We may well pause for breath before at-
ture is so great that we hesitate to select from tempting to select, even for this briefest of men-
them, but must make a single exception in tion, a score or more of the novels that seem
favor of Mr. Mosher's list, which is quite as to promise the most satisfaction. In American
attractive as ever, and includes sixteen titles, fiction we note the following: “Janice Mere-
among them Mr. Swinburne's first series of ditb,” by Mr. Paul L. Ford ; “ Via Crucis,”
“ Poems and Balads,” his “ Under the Micro- by Mr. Marion Crawford ; “To Have and to
scope,” Mr. Mackail's translation of the Hold," by Miss Mary Johnston ; “ Their Silver
Georgics,” Rossetti's “ Hand and Soul,” and Wedding Journey," by Mr. W. D. Howells ;
Stevenson's "A Child's Garden of Verses.” “The Last Rebel,” by Mr. Joseph Altsheler;
Among the important biographies of the and new volumes of short stories by Mr. Bret
year will be Mr. Marion Crawford's life of Harte, Mr. Richard Harding Davis, and the
the Pope, the two-volume life of John Everett late Blanche Willis Howard. In English fic-
Millais, Mr. L. R. Hartley's life of Francis tion we are to have · The King's Mirror," by
Lieber, Mrs. Julia Ward Howe's “ Reminis “ Anthony Hope”; “ The Orange Girl," by
cences, ,” Prince Kropotkin's autobiography Sir Walter Besant ; “Siren City,” by “ Benja-
more fascinating than nine novels out of min Swift”; “ Ione March,” by Mr. S. R.
ten, as readers of “The Atlantic Monthly ” Crockett; "Stalky & Co.," by Mr. Rudyard
already know, a life of Charles Sumner by | Kipling; “The Ship of Stars,” by Mr. A. T.
Mr. Moorfield Story, Mrs. John Drew's rem Quiller-Couch ; “A White Dove,” by Mr. W.
iniscences, Mr. Frederick Bancroft's life of J. Locke; and “Heronford,” by Mr. S. R.
William H. Seward, President Gilman's life Keightley. We suppose that “Maarten Maar-
of James D. Dana, Mr. Paul L. Ford's “The tens” may be considered sufficiently English
Many-Sided Franklin,” and Mr. John Sar to warrant the mention of “Some Women I
tain's “ Reminiscences of a Very Old Man." Have Known” in this list. In translations of
The various biographical series are going Continental fiction, six works of the first im-
merrily along, and one or two promising new portance may be underscored. They are the
ones are projected.
“ Knights of the Cross,” by Mr. Sienkiewicz;
The literature of American History will be “ Resurrection,” by Count Tolstoy; “ Fruitful.
notably enriched by new volumes of such ness," by M. Zola; “ The White Terror," by
standard works as those of Professor McMas M. Felix Gras; “ The Poor Plutocrats," by
ter, Professor John Fiske, Mr. James Schouler, Mr. Jokai; and “ Saragossa,” by Señor Galdos.
and Mr. J. F. Rhodes. A political history of These are new works, with the exception of
“The United Kingdom,” by Professor Gold- Mr. Jokai's romance, which has long been a
win Smith, is sure to be at once weighty and Hungarian classic.
readable. A new field of description is en Returning now to works of scholarship, we
tered upon by Dr. Lyman P. Powell, who has find space to mention only a few of the more
edited an important work upon the “ Historic promising announcements.
promising announcements. Mr. Edward Fitz-
Towns of the Middle States.” The edition of gerald's "The Highest Andes” and Mr. Charles
Monroe's writings will be continued, and an. Neufeld's “A Prisoner of the Khaleefa
edition started of the writings of Madison, the perhaps the most important works of travel
latter edited by Mr. Gaillard Hunt.
and adventure. Among works of art, we note
The most interesting announcements of a great work on Rubens, by M. Emile Michel,
poetry are of volumes by Mrs. Louise Chandler an “Iconografia Dantesca,” by Herr L. Volk-
Moulton, Miss Louise Imogen Guiney, and maon, and a new series of "Handbooks of the
/*
are


1899.)
165
THE DIAL
Great Masters in Painting and Sculpture,” existing realities. These ideas again objectify
edited by Mr. G. C. Williamson. In science themselves simultaneously in the world of particu.
one important announcement is that of “Ap-
lars and individuals, which is the object, and in the
pletons' Geographical Series,” edited by Mr.
knowing mind, which is the subject. The majority
J. H. Mackinder, and another is the “Cyclo-
of human beings can only realize themselves and
the outward world of sense and perception. The
pedia of American Horticulture,” edited by
genius in the sphere of literature and the fine arts
Mr. L. H. Bailey. Finally, among works of
generally does more than this. He rises to a knowl.
social science we are promised “Democracy edge of the architypal ideas, and sees the universal
and Empire,” by Professor F. H. Giddings, in the particular; and he is able to make the rest
“The Distribution of Wealth," by Professor of mankind dimly sympathize with him. The mu-
John B. Clark, “The Principles of Taxation,” sician, however, cannot do this. For him, neither
by the late D. A. Wells, and the third and the world of sense perception nor that of the prim-
concluding volume of Professor Palgrave's
itive Ideas exists. He does not imitate the first,
“Dictionary of Political Economy,” which has
as other artists do, nor does he arrange his forms
been greatly desired for several years.
according to the grades and divisions of the last.
The primal Will speaks through him directly, and
every human being in whom the Will exists in its.
unity and totality feels and understands him with-
out being able to reason about or explain the mat-
LITERATURE, MUSIC, AND MORALS.
ter. It follows that the poet who has to deal with
The ever-enduring discussion as to whether a the world of sense, in which there is as much evil as.
book may picture evil, may paint scenes and char good, as much night as day, must, if he give bis
acters not usually brought to the notice of women world correctly, indulge largely in the shadows of
and children, and the somewhat similar battles over existence; while the musician, freed from such
dancing Bacchantes and nude French art, raise a world, only gives us the primal impulse of life, which
question as to why music is so seldom involved in such we do not consciously disintegrate into good or bad.
controversies.' Why is it that literature is by some This is very flattering to the writer of music.
regarded as a regular Upas plant, and a circulating Artists are envious, and the exquisite footing of the
library in a town as an evergreen tree of diabol first act of the Bourgeois Gentilhomme mildly typ-
ical knowledge,” while music is suffered to go on ifies the cat-and-dog aversion which the members of
its way serenely without any indictment for crim the various liberal arts have for each other. Nor
inal conversation or corrupting ways?'
are the leading arts of expression the only ones that
At first blush, the art which has the most power- quarrel for precedence. The ancients elevated per-
ful momentary effect on our passions and emotions, fumes almost to the level of poetry, and M. Alcide
which is used to incite men to martial ardor or sub de Mirobolant wooed his love with symbolic sauces
due them to sensuous reverie, which in its simplest and confections, and considered himself a gentle-
and most popular forms - the Soldier's March in man and an artist. In short, it is doubtful if Scho-
Faust, or a Strauss waltz — is as effective as in the penhauer's theory will be widely accepted.
heroic Symphony of Beethoven or the Nocturnes For one thing, he calls music the universal lan-
of Chopin,- at first sight, it would seem that such guage. If it be, it is a language which has not yet
an art could be most easily misused and most read found its Ollendorf. The musical theorist of to-day
ily accused of wrong-doing. But such is not the case. decides, for example, that Greek music was non.
Nobody except a Nietsche or a Tolstoi bas ever existent. Yet this race, certainly not a stupid one,
accused any form of music divorced from words or evidently thought they had attained to complete
action of being immoral. The young girl all over musical expression. Their literature is full of ref-
the world is not only allowed but encouraged and erences to the art, and a great number of their
compelled to busy herself with music, which, if it deities were dedicated to the protection and per-
expresses anything, must express things dangerous formance of it. They unquestionably had a varied
as well as things innocent. At the same time, the assortment of musical instruments, though not so
forbidden fruit of the knowledge of literature is many as their predecessors, the Egyptians. Whole
carefully kept from her or selected for her. Why orchestras are depicted on the Egyptian tombs, yet
this difference?
the modern musician will probably deny their knowl-
It is against the principles of a true American to edge of music. Again, Chinese music exists and
go to a German philosopher for an explanation of gives pleasure to a large part of the human race,
anything,—but perhaps Schopenhauer's metaphysic yet to our ears it seems barbarous dissonance. But
and theory of art will help us here. In brief, this the quarrel of European musicians among them-
is how he decides matters : The primal thing, the selves — the battle of Wagnerites and anti-Wag-
origin of all, is the Will - the Will to live. This nerites — is sufficient to plant in the ordinary mind
Will arranges itself into many grades, similar to the a doubt of Schopenhauer's theory as to music being
Platonic Ideas, which are the types and genera of the immediate and direct utterance of the universal



166
ge
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
Will. Schopenhauer himself says that where music world of Will, everybody will decide according to
is fitted to action or words, these should be subor- previous predilection.
dinated to it; which is the direct contrary of Wag Roughly speaking, I should say that poetry is an
ner's theory and practice of interpreting actions by aristocratic and music a democratic art. It requires
music.
intellect to appreciate the one; while emotion, pas-
If there exists a universal language, it is a simpler sion, the Will-to-live, suffice for the enjoyment of
one than music — it is the language of gesture and the other. Like the Darwinian science, Schopen-
human motion : in other words, the dance. This hauer's philosophy dethrones the conscious intellect
is, and always has been, practiced and understood and substitutes the blind and spontaneous forces of
If a man is shipwrecked on a desert island, and nature. Yet no one has more loudly and continu-
comes into company of its savage and possibly can- ously celebrated intellect. He is like a man whose
nibal inhabitants, how does he go about to make head is twisted on his shoulders and who marches
himself understood? Does he troll a stave or sing in one direction while his gaze is mournfully fixed
a long recitative with the leit-motif dedicated to
another way
hunger reappearing at intervals? No. He kneels The essential and cherubic innocence of music
down in token of submission — makes motions with comes out in this exposition. It has no relation to
his hands to his mouth and stomach to show his morals, for things are good or bad as we attach
needs: and if he is received and regaled — treated ideas to them. Its world is a world of pure impulse,
not as a meat but as a guest — he probably skips impetus, and agitation. There can be bad music, of
about in a lively manner to indicate pleasure and course, - music hackneyed, or which does not con-
gratitude. It is curious to remark that Dante's form to the laws of the art. But it must be diffi-
Paradise — the farthest reach of the human imag-cult for true music to be base or vulgar. It is
ination in picturing the unknown - is a soundless understood that many of the most popular strains
world. There are no harps or citherns or orchestras of comic opera have been taken almost bodily from
there. There is nothing but light, dancing, and old church music; and the reverse is possible. The
philosophical discourses. Critics there have been stormiest and most passionate music, then,- music,
who thought it grotesque; and unquestionably the which, for aught we know, may be the utterance of
spectacle of grave Doctors of the Church gyrating the soul of one of the damned, - can be given to a
on one toe, or wheeling three times about Dante young girl to interpret without danger of its con-
and his guide, or flocking together like cranes and taminating her.
writing out symbolical letters on the sky, might But how does poetry stand in this respect? It
make a thoughtless reader smile. But philosoph. has in its rhythm, though of course less perfectly
ically speaking, Dante was quite right.
than music, the essence of motion, pure, unembodied,
If we substitute motion for Will as the primal and divine. But it is compelled to give also motion
thing - which, as Schopenhauer refuses to explain which is embodied in nature-motion beautiful,
the cause of Will and even denies that it has any life-giving, turbulent, desolating, and destroying.
cause, is a legitimate thing to do — we get a some. It has to give the same motion as it is repeated in
what different relation of the arts to life. Three of the mind of man- happy, serene, disturbed, wrath-
the fine arts — dancing, music, and poetry — are ful, death-dealing. Nay, as the desolating elements
founded on motion. For sound is probably only an and forms of nature - fire, storm, earthquake
accident of music, — its real essence is the differ- are the most startling and instantaneous, as the bad
ently measured and related waves of motion. Bee-motives and actions of men yield themselves most
thoven was deaf, but that did not interfere with his readily to effect and climax, so literature chooses to
creative power, nor, presumably, with his enjoyment deal largely with evil. For it loves energy-mo-
of music. Architecture is the reverse of motion tion in its intensest forms. It would be actionable
it expresses rest, static immobility, and is best ex- if a newspaper were to give in plain prose the plots
emplified in Egyptian and Greek buildings. Gothic of many of the greatest masterpieces of literary art.
architecture is an attempt to revolt from the law of Dr. Quincey did something like this — drew up a
the art, and to express, by means of the heaviest resumé of Goethe's “ Wilhelm Meister ” — and the
materials in nature, aspiration and upward flight. bare facts were ludicrous and immoral enough.
It is as if a sculptor should carve a statue of Gravi- But the book does not seem ludicrous and immoral
tation and give it wings. Sculpture is the arrest of when we yield ourselves to its energy and its flow.
motion. Painting is at its best when it gives the Cardinal Newman, in his book on - The Idea of a
vitality of life, and the scene or figure grows and University,” came to this cross-roads. He saw that
acts before one. Dancing is motion with forms the profane literature of the world, and particularly
added. Poetry is motion with forms and ideas that of the ancients, dealt everwhelmingly with evil.
added. Music is motion without either forms or Was it, therefore, to be taught to the students of a
ideas-pure unembodied motion. Whether this last Catholic university? He decided that it must: that
method of expression is superior to poetry, which it could not hurt anyone to read in a book what he
gives in its characters and ideas the whole of the must know if he takes a stroll on the streets or lis-
world of sense and in its rhythm the whole of the tens to the gossip of a club. Human nature is robust


1899.]
167
THE DIAL
enough not to be shocked at itself. And human
nature translated into the terms of good literature
– given, that is, for the sake of the energy and
power of which it is capable, and not to pander to
base thoughts,- ought not to shock anyone ; but on
the contrary, especially when it adds to the rhythm
of poetry -- that unexplainable motion sprung we
know not whence - it ought to charm the tedium of
life and leave us greater and better than we were.
CHARLES LEONARD MOORE.
COMMUNICATIONS.
It is clear, therefore, that during the time when
Southern influence was as strong at Washington and
upon the bench of the Supreme Court as it was for
many years before the war, the Southern theories of
construction had succeeded in depriving the Federal
government of many national attributes. The influ-
ence of the doctrine of State's Rights, as we say in our
work, “may be seen throughout the course of decisions
of the Supreme Court before the Civil War, and al-
though it had the distinct disapproval of that court, it
was a doctrine wbich no decision could overtbrow."
("Commerce Clause,” page 37). The war did not
change the Constitution, but gave it for the first time
full operation. It is in this respect that the “issue of
the Civil War finally established on a new basis the re-
lations between the States and the Federal govern-
ment.” Whatever their legal relations had been before
the war, they were certainly not established in fact as
they were afterward. The decision in Crandall v. Ne-
vada established, in 1867, the right of free movement
between all points within the national boundary ; but
a greater change could hardly have been made, for
until then no such right had in fact existed. The
right to go from Massachusetts to South Carolina, until
the Civil War altered matters, depended in fact not
upon Federal law but upon State law,—that is, in these
matters there seemed to be no national boundary, for
the citizen of the United States kuew only State bound-
aries.
After the subject of slavery first arose “like an
alarm bell in the night," until the war disposed of se-
cession, theories of disunion greatly influenced consti-
tutional construction. State sovereignty was
thought of than national sovereignty. The government
which began with the Constitution was not completely
established as a national government until these ques-
tions which dated from its commencement were at last
settled, until the government which had so often been
called national was given again the national powers of
self-administration which had been taken from it, and
the national theory of construction had been at last
adopted by the whole people.
E. PARMALEE PRENTICE.
Chicago, Sept. 7, 1899.
THE CIVIL WAR AND NATIONAL
SOVEREIGNTY.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
The review of the work by Mr. Egan and myself on
“The Commerce Clause of the Federal Constitution,”
which Mr. James O. Pierce contributed to the mid-
August number of your paper, is in many ways grati-
fying ; but I would like, if I can, to correct the
impression that “the authors advocate the theory that
the United States did not become a Nation until made
so by the results of the Civil War.”
The Federal Constitution is essentially national in
character, and nowhere does it show tbis character
more strongly than in the Commerce Clause itself.
Time and experience of the new government were re-
quired, however, to complete the work of making a
Nation in fact of that which the Constitution had made
a Nation in law.
In Chisholm v. Georgia, decided in 1793, the case to
which Mr. Pierce refers, five judges rendered individ-
ual opinions. No opinion was rendered on behalf of
the court, but expressions were used which indicated
that a majority of the justices considered that the Fed-
eral government was national in character. The case
was, however, followed in 1799 by the Virginia and
Kentucky resolutions announcing views of the Consti-
tution which are absolutely inconsistent with any actual
national sovereignty, and which nevertheless have the
support of the great names of Madison and Jefferson.
In 1823 the doctrine which was afterwards known by
the name of “ Nullification” was presented to Mr.
Justice Johnson, and subsequently, in 1824, was elab-
orately argued before the Supreme Court in the case of
Gibbons v. Ogden. In both cases the element of na-
tionality involved was, as we have noticed in our book,
explicitly disclosed and asserted by the Federal Courts
(“Commerce Clause,” page 16 ;) but in 1832, eight
years later, “ Nullification
was still growing and in
that year produced the famous Ordinance of South
Carolina. It was the doctrine of State's Rights which
enabled Southern states to exclude free persons of
color ; which in 1836 compelled the Postmaster Gen-
eral of the United States, upon the demand of State
officials, to exclude anti-slavery publications from the
mails ; which produced the dissensions in the Supreme
Court in New York v. Miln (1837) the License Cases
(1847), and the Passenger Cases (1848); and which
drew from Mr. Justice Barbour and Mr. Justice Grier
the statement that the police power reserved to the
States is itself “complete, unqualified, and exclusive,"
so that State regulations enacted under this power are
superior to Federal statutes in authority.
more
** BALDOON” AND “DAVID HARUM."
(To the Editor of The DIAL.)
As the publishers of Mr. Le Roy Hooker's ew book,
“ Baldoon," we think it desirable to correct an impres-
sion, shared by a number of reviewers, tbat the work
must bave been written in imitation of Mr. Westcott's
“ David Harum."
Singularly enough, the first accusation came from a
newspaper published in Mr. Hooker's home city, the
Chicago “ Times-Herald." Under the conspicuous head-
line, « David Harum Imitated,” that paper said in part:
“ Such remarkable success bas attended the publication
of • David Harum,' that it is but natural for other au-
thors to attempt to do something in the same line. . .
The reader (of · Baldoon '] feels all the time as if the
author is saying to himself, • David Harum succeeded
because it was a wonderful character sketch. Perhaps
if I do full justice to all these peculiar people I have
in mind I may catch the public with one of them.""
This was followed by a Detroit paper, which began'
its review with the remark, “ It was inevitable that we
should have a story remiviscent of David Harum," and
added, “It (Baldoon] suggests David Harum only be-


168
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
cause one of the characters is an apostle of the homely
philosophy of honest dealing and candor of speech.”
The New Books.
These and other direct accusations, and insinuations
to the same effect, are extremely unjust to Mr. Hooker,
and tend to hinder the success of a work upon which he “ AMERICAN TALKS" BY A LITERARY
bestowed long and conscientious labor. It is proper,
VETERAN.*
therefore, for us to say that Mr. Hooker's novel was
completed nearly two years before “ David Harum”
Few critics, we fancy, are likely - even in
was published, and the MS. was in our possession nearly
this time of the cult of the newest and latest,
a year before the appearance of that work. This will, when the idol of the day before yesterday finds
we trust, be conclusive as to the falsity of the injurious himself not uncommonly the despised “back
charges, and as to the originality of a work which, in
number” of to-day - to hint that that im-
our judgment, has no need to climb to popularity on
even the broad shoulders of “ David Harum.”
memorial veteran of American letters, “Ik
RAND, MCNALLY & Co.
Marvel,” lagg superfluous on the stage upon
Chicago, Sept. 6, 1899.
which he made his début over half a cen-
tury ago. “Ik Marvel” is a trusty perennial
BISMARCK'S DEBT TO GOETHE.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
whose recurrent blossoming gladdens the sea-
The August number of the Deutsche Rundschau con son. The second volume of American Talks"
tains a characteristic article on Goethe by Professor from the pen of this unflagging entertainer is
Herman Grimm, son of one of the authors of the great replete with pleasant and informing chat of
Grimm Dictionary and son-in-law of Bettina von Arnim,
who played a more or less important role in Goethe's
Emerson, Poe, Hawthorne, Longfellow, Lowell,
life in Weimar. As showing Professor Grimm's opinion Holmes, Whittier, Alcott, Thoreau, Ripley,
of Goethe's services to the German language, and of
Willis, Fuller-Ossoli, and some lesser contem-
Bismarck's debt to him, the following extract, trans-
porary lights, that are now dimmed or alto-
lated from this article, has a special interest in this gether quenched, save in the memory of the
year of Goethe celebrations:
“The German of Goethe will be the language of the living remnant of the generation that knew
new German Empire, just as the language of Homer them in the season of their effulgence. Is there
was that of the Greek world, of which the Iliad and the any body nowadays that knows anything of, for
Odyssey were the first monuments, and the Gospel of
instance, David Hosack, R. H. Wilde, C.F.
John the last. How far the dominion of Goethe's
language may eventually extend, nobody knows. The
Hoffman, Thomas Smith Grimké, John San-
first successor of Goethe is Bismarck as writer of his
derson ?-all considerable writers, if we are
own life, a work that may be called the first German to credit our author, which we implicitly do.
work of art written in the language of Goethe without Then there are the Abbotts, John S. C. and
showing a trace of imitation. Just as Goethe's Her-
mann und Dorothea' would not have been possible
Jacob. Everybody knows (vaguely) of the
without Homer, so Bismarck's • Reminiscences and
Abbotts, of course. But does any body read
Reflections' (Erinnerungen und Gedanken) would not them? Is the most “ general” reader nowa-
be imaginable without Goethe. Goethe created for
days guileless enough to dip into the rose-water
Germany the atmosphere in which alone this fruit
histories of John ? or is there any living hu-
ripened.
CHARLES BUNDY WILSON.
man boy (to quote “Mr. Chad band ") who
The University of Iowa, Sept. 6, 1899.
could stand the “ Rollo” and “ Jonas” of the
MR. W. M. GRISWOLD, who died last month in
prolific Jacob, or who could not "give points”
Maine, his native State, at the age of forty-six, will be
on worldly matters to that superior person and
remembered gratefully by literary workers for his exacting parent, “Mr. Holiday”? Across
useful bibliographical work, which he prosecuted chiefly Mr. Mitchell's page flits, too, the shade of Mrs.
under the queer pseudonym of “Q. P. Index." His
Sigourney. It is long since we have seen men-
series of indexes include the “ North American Re-
view," “ The Nation,” “Lippincott's Magazine,” the
tion of Mrs. Sigourney.
elder “ Scribner,” the “ Eclectic," « Harper's Weekly,”
Mr. Mitchell, as we have said, is a veteran,
some British and some German historical magazines, perhaps the veteran, of American letters. His
essays, etc., and a series of “Q. P. Annuals.” His
first book was published in 1847 ; his latest,
Descriptive Lists of Novels were also valuable. He
was a man of eccentricities, and these marred some-
not his last, as we have reason in his preface
what the mechanical form of his publications, and may
to infer, now lies before us, warm from the
partly explain why he was always his own publisher. press, quickened with alert and unflagging sym-
Mr. Griswold was a graduate of Harvard in 1875. pathy with men and books, a little shaded with
He was the son of the better known Rufus W. Gris-
a certain wistful, half-diffident regret for the
wold, whose attacks upon Poe in his “ Poets and Poetry
of America" have occasioned no little controversy ;
worthies and standards of long ago, but written
and his last work, published about a year ago, was a * AMERICAN LANDS AND LETTERS. By Donald G. Mit-
sort of vindication of his father from criticisms which chell ("Ik Marvel"). Vol. II., Leatherstocking to Poe's
this controversy entailed.
Raven. Illustrated. New York: Charles Scribner's Song.


1899.]
169
THE DIAL
in a vein of intrinsic grace
and charm that even artless cicerone of the place used not long
the most “contemporaneous”-minded of the ago to point out to visitors as “the one
generation whose spokesman is Kipling may through which Mr. Emerson used to escape
well relish. Not that “ Ik Marvel ” has kept when he saw Mr. Alcott coming down the
pace with the changing fashion of style (what garden path ?” We suspect not; for he tells
a far cry it is in this regard from, for example, us, without reservation :
N. P. Willis to the author of " Plain Tales “ The sobrieties and the large dignities in which
from the Hills”!), or that he has, out of def the Orphic philosopher wrapped even his shallowest
erence to the mode, divested his thought of
speech, could not be otherwise than agreeable to the
the somewhat dandified garb in vogue at the
man [Emerson] who had a horror of noise and bounce."
The "
period to which he looks back. He is still Orphic Sayings (would they find
* Ik Marvel," as the following passage, an ex-
lodgment in a magazine nowadays ?) con-
treme example, of course, may serve to indicate.
tributed to “ The Dial” in Miss Faller's time,
“There are descriptions of Parisian dinners in his
Mr. Mitchell makes bold to say were “rather
(John Sanderson's) • American in Paris' which fairly mystical than profound,” and “ most charac-
scintillate with provocatives of appetite and with con teristic" of the author.
stellations of cookery; all the more tempting was his talk “He delighted in forays into regions of the unknown
of Apician delicacies, since it was broidered and savored
— with whatever timid or tentative steps—and although
by abounding Lativity and by pungent Roman flavors
he might have put a vehemence into his expression that
swirling down on classic tides from the days of Lucullus."
would seem to imply that he was drifting into deep
Mr. Mitchell writes interestingly of Emer.
waters--one cannot forbear the conviction that 't would
be
son, and thus discerningly points out the source
easy for this man of the explorative mentalities to
touch ground with his feet (if he chose)—in all the
of the insufficiency, as biography, of Holmes's
bays where he swims."
pleasant Life of the Concord sage:
Does Mr. Mitchell mean to hint that the
“... A lithe and witty Montaigne cannot meas-
fatbomless Alcott, “ the highest genius of
ure for us a broad-shouldered Plato ; he is too much
and too buoyantly himself to write the life of another.
his time,” deliberately feigned to swim where
Scarce does the pleasant doctor begin his delightful he might, had he chosen to be honest, have
task, but his own piquant flavors, queries, and humor waded ankle-deep ? An accurate colloquial
bubble up through all the chinks of the story and make
version of one of the “Orphic Sayings” might,
us forget the subject in the narrator. A man who is
so used to drawing attention to his own end of the table, then, prove in a way instructive. We remember
cannot serve safely as a pointer at someone else." a young acquaintance of ours once saying that
Of Emerson's " aloofness” Mr. Mitchell goes on
a sentence of Emerson's resembles a sentence
to say, apropos
of the Rev. Henry James's com-
of Alcott's as an apple resembles a puff-ball.
plaint of his prim and bloodless friendship”:
Mr. Mitchell talks interestingly of the Brook
“... But James — with the warmth of the New
Farm experiment, and has some kind words
Jerusalem 'in him-craved sympathetic speech in those for the earnest and high-minded “ Archon" of
who talked theologies with him a most acute, eager the little community, George Ripley. Ripley,
it
son; the Marchioness Ossoli never; Hawthorne never;
pleased with the Blithedale Romance."
James never ; an implacable acquiescence closes the “Much as he enjoyed the genius of Hawthorne, I
doors between him and very many earnest talkers.
do not think he had kindly thought of the • Blithedale
About the weather, or his neighbor's pigs, or Thoreau's
Romance'; not, indeed, blind to its extraordinary merit,
bean-patch, he could warm ; but if one dropped such or counting it an ugly picture - but as one throwing a
topics for talk about the soul, or immortality, he froze; quasi pagan glamour over a holy undertaking. I re-
on such trail his thought was too intense for any • bat-
member once asking him in that dingy Tribune office
tledore and shuttlecock’ interchange of phrase.”
- after the religious tendencies, or utterances of Haw-
thorne in those Brook Farm days; he said, bluntly —
Not so Alcott, who, on the slightest hint
• There were none — no reverence in his nature.' Very
from his unwary interlocutor as to the “ soul, likely he would have hesitated before putting such
or immortality," would go on, like Tennyson's opinions in cold type. But I could see that old mem-
brook, forever - or at least till the dazed dis ories were seething in his thought, of that large humane
ciple or victim broke away and fled, leaving the great Romancer had put only his artist eye.”
purpose into which he bad put his heart, and whereon
the button in the grasp of the still expounding
oracle. Emerson, it is true, spoke of Bronson
Of the “great Romancer,” Mr. Mitchell
Alcott as “a most extraordinary man, and the
draws the following winning portrait:
highest genius of his time.” But does Mr.
“Mr. Hawthorne was then (1853) nearing fifty -
Mitchell remember the story of the window,
strong, erect, broad-shouldered, alert- bis abundant
hair touched with gray, his features all cast in Greek
at the rear of the Emerson house, which the mould and his fine eyes full of searchingness, and yet
agrees with that of many; few could get near Émere it is interesting to know, was not altogether


170
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
of kindliness; his voice deep, with weighty resounding
quality, as if bearing echoes of things unspoken; no
RELIGION IN GREEK LITERATURE.*
arrogance, no assurance even, but rather there hung
The hopeless welter of uncoördinated fact
about bis manner and his speech a cloud of self-distrust,
and unverified hypothesis in which the study
of mal-aise, as if he were on the defensive in respect of
his own qu