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Greek, by Jane Minot Sedgwick; Love Poems of
Byron; each 50 cts. net. (John Lane.)
Shakespeare's The Tempest, illus. by Robert Anning
Bell, $2.-Joe Miller's Complete Jest Book, an un-
abridged reprint, edited by Andrew G. Dickinson, Jr.,
in 2 vols., with frontispieces, $2.50 net. (New Am-
sterdam Book Co.)
Obermann, by Etienne Pivert de Senancour, trans. by
Arthur Edward Waite, $1.50 net. (Brentano's.)
The Eustace Diamonds, by Anthony Trollope, in 2
vols., illus., $2.50. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
Lark Classics, new vols.: Tennyson's In Memoriam,
Irving's Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy
Hollow (1 vol.), Mrs. Browning's Sonnets from the
Portuguese and other poems, Lang's Aucassin and
Nicolete, Thackeray's Chronicle of the Drum and
other poems; each 50 cts. (Godfrey A. S. Wieners.)
EDUCATION.-BOOKS FOR SCHOOL AND
COLLEGE.
The Meaning of Education, by Nicholas Murray Butler,
M.A., new and revised edition, with additions.-
Erasmus of Rotterdam Respecting the Aim and
Method of Education, a study of educational doc-
trine during the Renaissance, by W. H. Woodward.--
Contributions to the History of Educational Opinion
since the Renaissance, by S. S. Laurie, A.M.-Teach-
er's Professional Library, new vol.: Suggestions as
to the Study and Teaching of History, by Lucy May
nard Salmon.--Elementary Methods in Education, new


1903.)
213
THE DIAL
vols.: The Principles of General Method, based on the
ideas of Herbart, revised and enlarged edition; School
Management; Special Method in Primary Reading
and Story; each by Charles A. McMurry, Ph.D.-First
Lessons in United States History, by Edward Chan-
ning, illus.-Source Readers of American History, by
Albert Bushell Hart, Vol. IV., Romance of the Civil
War, Illus.-The Story of Rome as Greeks and Romans
Tell It, an elementary source book, by George W. and
Lillie Shaw Botsford, illus.-First Lessons in Agricul-
ture, by L. H. Bailey, illus.-Rural Readers, for the
grades, by L. H. Bailey, in 3 vols., illus.-Physics,
by Ernest J. Andrews and H. N. Howland.-A Labora-
tory Manual of Electro-Magnetic Machinery and Ap-
paratus, by B. V. Swenson, E.E., and Budd Franken-
field, E.E., in 2 vols.-The Elements of Physics, by
Edward L. Nichols, B.S., and William S. Franklin,
Vol. III., Mechanics and Heat, revised edition.-
Elementary Practical Chemistry, on the Heuretic
method, for secondary and technical schools, by Wal-
ter Harris, M.A., in 3 vols.-Lessons in Elementary
Chemistry, by Sir Henry Roscoe, LL.D., revised edi-
tion.--The Principles of Economics, together with a
sketch of economic history, for secondary schools, by
Richard T. Ely, Ph.D., and George Ray Wicker, Ph.D.
-An Introduction to Latin, by J. C. Kirtland, Jr.,
and G. B. Rogers.-Selected Letters of the Younger
Pliny, edited by Elmer Truesdell Merrill.-Cicero's
Orations and Letters, edited by R. A. von Minck-
witz and Mary E. Wilder.-A Grammar of the German
Language, by George Oliver Curme, A.M.--Elements
of the Theory of Integers, by Joseph Bowden, Ph.D.
-An Arithmetic for High Schools, by 0. N. Kelso.-
The Elements of Physiology, by Walter M. Coleman,
illus.-Experimental Psychology, by Edward B. Titch-
ener, M.A., Vol. II., Quantitative Experiments.-A
Sanskrit Grammar for Beginners, by A. V. Williams
Jackson.-A Middle English Reader, by Oliver Farrar
Emerson.--The Child Life Sixth Reader, by Etta Aus-
tin Blaisdell and Mary Frances Blaisdell, Illus.-The
Advance System of Penmanship, by Harry Houston.-
Teachers' Handbook of Manual Training, Metal Work,
by J. S. Miller.-Tne Geography of Commerce, by
Spencer Trotter, Ph.D., illus.-Physical Geography for
Schools, by R. S. Tarr.-Virginla Supplement to Tarr
and McMurry's Geography, by J. A. C. Chandler.-
Macmillan French Classics, new vols.: La Chanson
de Roland, trans. into modern French, edited by J.
Geddes, Jr., Ph.D.; Bossuet's Oraison Funebre de
Louis de Conde and Sermon sur les Devoirs des Rois,
edited by F. C. de Sumichrast; Rabelais' Gargantua,
edited by Charles H. C. Wright.-Macmillan's Pocket
Classics, new vols.: Hamlet, edited by L. A. Sher-
man; Old English Ballads, edited by W. D. Armes;
Bryant's Selected Poems; Selections from Browning
and Selections from Tennyson, each edited by R. H.
Bowles and C. R. Nutton; Spenser's Faery Queen,
Book I., edited by Prof. George A. Wauchope; Words-
worth's Shorter Poems; Irving's Life of Goldsmith;
Poe's Poems, edited by Charles A. Kent; Selections
from Plutarch's Lives, edited by Martha Brier. (Mac-
millan Co.)
Essays on Education, by Charles W. Eliot, $1 net.-
(Doubleday, Page & Co.)
Co-Education, a series of essays by various authors,
edited by Alice Woods, with introduction by Michael
E. Sadler. (Longmans, Green & Co.)
The Place of Industries in Elementary Education, by
Katherine E. Dopp, $1 net. (University of Chicago
Press.)
Educational Systems of Great Britain and Ireland, by
Graham Balfour, M.A., second edition. (Oxford Uni-
versity Press.)
An Atlas of European History, by Prof. Earle W. Dow.
-Specimens of English Verse, edited by Prof. R. N.
Alden.-Macaulay's Essays on Milton and Addison,
edited by Prof. James Arthur Tufts.-Shakespeare's
Merchant of Venice, edited by Prof. T. N. Parrott.--
Money and Banking, an introduction to the study
of modern currencies, by Prof. William A. Scott.-
Tarde's Laws of Imitation, trans. by Elsie Clews
Parsons, Ph.D., with introduction by Prof. F. H.
Giddings.-A Physical Chemistry for Biologists, by
Prof. Ernst Cohen, trans. by Dr. Martin H. Fischer.
--Variations in Animals and Plants, by Dr. H. M.
Vernon.--A Plant Physiology, by Prof. George J.
Pierce.--First Lessons in Zoology, by Prof. Vernon
L. Kellogg.-An Organic Chemistry, by Prof. William
A. Noyes.-Kerner and Oliver's Natural History of
Plants, new and cheaper edition, in 2 vols., illus.-
A volume of nature stories for children, by Miss
Arabella Buckley.-Beginning German, by Prof. H. C.
Bierwirth.--The Essentials of German, by Prof. B.
J. Vos.-Wilbrandt's Jugendliebe, edited by Dr. Theo-
dore Henckels.-Werner's Heimathsklang, edited by
Marian P. Whitney.--Goethe's Egmont, edited by
Prof. Robert Waller Deering.-Biedermann's Deutsche
Bildungszustande im 18. Jahrhundert, edited by John
A. Walz.-First French Reader, by V. E. Francois and
F. P. Giroud.-Marguerite's Strassbourg, edited by
Prof. Oscar Kuhns.-An Italian Grammar, by Prof.
Mary V. Young. (Henry Holt & Co.)
Elements of Arithmetic, by David M. Sensenig and
Robert F. Anderson.-First Days in Numbers, by
Della Van Amburgh.-The New Century Arithmetic,
Book I., by Charles H. Gleason and W. S. Willis.-
Civics for Young People, by Charles DeForest Hoxie.-
The Rational Method in Spelling, by Edward G. Ward,
first book.-A Patriotic Reader, compiled by Lucy
L. E. Taylor, illus.-The Rational Method in Reading,
by Edward G. Ward, fourth and fifth readers.--Porto
Rico, the Land of the Rich Port, by Joseph B. Sea-
bury, illus.--Tools and Machines, by Charles Bar-
nard, illus.--American Heroes and Heroism, by Wil-
liam A. Mowry, Ph.D., and Arthur May Mowry,
illus.--Stories of the Empire State, by Jacques Red-
way, Illus.-Hans, the Eskimo, by Christiana Scandlin,
illus.--Heroes of Chivalry, by Louise Maitland, illus.-
Stories from the Hebrew, by Josephine W. Heer-
mans, with introduction by J. M. Greenwood, illus.-
Silver Series of Modern Language Text-Books, new
vols.: Selections from Madame de Stael, edited by
Adeline Pellissier; A History of the German People,
by Louis Viereck; Spanish Composition, by L. A.
Loiseaux, B.S.; A Beginner's Book in Italian, by
George C. Howland, A.M. (Silver, Burdett & Co.)
A Descriptive Chemistry, by Lyman C. Newell, illus.-
Organic Chemistry, by Ira Remsen, fourth revision,
enlarged, illus.—Principles of Political Economy, by
Charles Gide, trans. by C. W. A. Veditz.-Elementary
Zoology, descriptive and practical, by B. P. Colton,
illus.-The High School Choralist, by Charles E.
Whiting.-Macaulay's Life of Johnson, edited by A.
P. Walker.-Old Time Stories of the Old North State,
by Mrs. Lutie A. McCorkle, illus.-Galdos's Maria-
nela, edited by Profs. Geddes and Josselyn.-Hugo's
Les Miserables, edited by 0. B. Super.-Snow and
Lebon's Easy French, an elementary reader. (D. C.
Heath & Co.)
A New Commercial Geography for Grammar Schools,
being a revision of Tilden's Grammar School Geogra-
phy, $1.25.-A New Commercial Geography, by John
N. Tilden and Albert Clarke, $1.25.--A New Plane
Geometry, suggestive method, by John A. Avery, 40
cts.-An Anthology of English Poetry, Chaucer to
Kipling, compiled by Robert N. Whiteford.-A New
Academic Physiology, by Orestes M. Brands. (Benj.
H. Sanborn & Co.)
The English Language, by Frederick Manley and W.
N. Hallmann, 75 cts.-The Laurel Primer and First
Reader, by W. N. Hailmann, illus., 32 cts. (C. C.
Birchard & Co.)
Knickerbocker Literature Series, new volume: The
Fur Traders of the Columbia River and the Rocky
Mountains, by Washington Irving, edited by F. L.
Olmsted. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Riverside Literature Series, new number: Shakespeare's
The Tempest, edited by Edward Everett Hale, Jr.,
15 cts. net. (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.)
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
Mara, by “Pansy."-Ahead of the Army, by W. O.
Stoddard.-On Special Assignment, by S. T. Clover.-
Defending the Bank, by Edward S. Van Zile.-A
Japanese Garland, by Florence Peltier.-The Muti-
neers, by Eustace L. Williams.-Ethel in Fairyland,
by Edith R. Bolster.A Partnership in Magic, by
Charles Battell Loomis. (Lothrop Publishing Co.)
The Girl Rough Riders, by Col. Prentiss Ingraham,
illus., $1 net.-The Story Book House, by Honor
Walsh, illus., $1 net.-Little Owls at Redgates, a new
rebus book, by Ella Farman Pratt, illus., 60 cts. net.


214
[March 16,
THE DIAL
Daily Training, by E. F. Benson and Eustace H. Mlles,
$1.50 net. (E. P. Dutton & Co.)
The Blow from Behind, a defense of the flag in the
Philippines, by Fred Chamberlin, LL.B., $1 net. (Lee
& Shepard.)
Ethics of the Body, by George Dana Boardman, $1
net. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
Practical Home Millinery, by Amy I. Reeve, illus.
(Longmans, Green & Co.)
Marion Harland's Complete Cook Book, illus., $2.
(Bobbs-Merrill Co.)
Syntax of Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek,
by Ernest D. Burton, fifth edition, $1.50 net. (Uni-
versity of Chicago Press.)
Salads, Sandwiches, and Chafing-Dish Dainties, by
Janet Mackenzie Hill, new edition, with additions,
illus., $1.50. (Little, Brown & Co.)
NOTES.
>
-True Blue, a story of luck and pluck, by Edward
S. Ellis, illus., $1 net.---Gypsy Jane, by Harriet A.
Cheever, Illus., $1 net.-The Green Satin Gown, by
Laura E. Richards, illus., 75 cts. net.-Lord Dolphin,
by Harriet A. Cheever, illus., 40 cts. net.--Mother
Bunny, by Harriet A. Cheever, illus., 40 cts. pet.-
Daddy Joe's Fiddle, by Faith Bickford, illus., 40 cts.
net.-Little Dick's Christmas, by Etheldred B. Barry,
illus., 40 cts. net. (Dana Estes & Co.)
Young People's History of Holland, by William Elliot
Griffis, illus.-True Bird Stories from My Note-Books,
by Olive Thorne Miller, illus. (Houghton, Mifflin &
Co.)
Trapper Jim, by Edwyn Sandys, Illus.-Temple Classics
for Young People, new vols,: Tom Brown's School
Days, by Thomas Hughes; Rama and the Monkeys,
by Geraldine Hodgson; each illus., 50 cts. (Macmil-
lan Co.)
Young Explorers of the Isthmus, or American Boys
in Central America, by Edward Stratemeyer, Illus., $1
net. (Lee & Shepard.)
Pearl Island, by Andrew Caster, illus., $1.25 net. (Har-
per & Brothers.)
The Magical Monarch of Mo, by L. Frank Baum, Illus.
in color, $1.25.–The Enchanted Island of Yew, by L.
Frank Baum, illus. in color, $1.25. (Bobbs-Merrill Co.)
Greek History for Young Readers, by Alice Zimmern,
illus. (Longmans, Green & Co.)
MISCELLANEOUS.
The World's Children, by Dorothy Menpes, with 100
illustrations in color by Mortimer Menpes.-Haddon
Hall Library, new vol.: Farming, by W. M. Tod.-
An Introduction to Greek Epigraphy, edited by E. S.
Roberts, M.A., and E. A. Gardner, M.A., Vol. II.-
Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia, by the late
W. Robertson Smith, M.A., new edition. (Macmillan
Co.)
Christian Science, by Mark Twain. (Harper & Broth-
ers.)
Bookbinders and their Craft, by Miss S. T. Prideaux,
limited edition, illus. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
Workers of the Nation, by Gilson Willets, in 2 vols.,
illus. in color, etc., $4 net.--Business and Love, by
Hugues Le Roux, $1.20 net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
Millionaire Households and their Domestic Economy,
with hints upon fine living, by Mary Elizabeth Carter,
$1.40 net.-Library of Useful Stories, new vol.: The
Story of a Grain of Wheat, by William C. Edgar,
illus., 35 cts. net. (D. Appleton & Co.)
Cartoons by McCutcheon, with introduction by George
Ade, $1 net.-The Law of Mental Medicine, by
Thomson J. Hudson, LL.D., $1.20 net. (A. C. Mc-
Clurg & Co.)
A New Portrait of Shakespeare, with special reference
to the so-called Droeshout original and the Ely Palace
portrait, by John Corbin, illus., $1.25 net.-The An-
cient Halls of the City Guilds, drawn in lithography
by Thos. R. Way, with text by Philip Norman,
F.S.A., $10 net.-Life in the Merchant Marine, by
Charles Prothero, $1.25 net. (John Lane.)
How to Keep Well, by Floyd M. Crandall, M.D., $1.50
net.-How to Make Money, eighty practical sugges-
tions to untrained women, edited by Katharine New-
bold Birdsall, $1 net.-More Baskets and How to
Make Them, by Mary White, illus., $1 net.-How to
Build and Furnish the Home, by W. L. Price and
W. M. Johnson, new edition, illus., $1. (Doubleday,
Page & Co.)
Twelve Portraits, by William Nicholson, new series,
lithograph prints in color, $7.50, single prints $1.--
Plerce's American Beauties, by Thomas Mitchell
Pierce, photogravure plates colored by hand, $10,
single prints $2.-Perverted Proverbs, comic verses
by the author of "Ruthless Rhymes for Heartless
Homes," $1. (R. H. Russell.)
The Art of Heraldry, by Arthur Charles Fox-Davies,
Illus. in color, $45 net. (Brentano's.)
A Book of Curious Facts, compiled by Don Lemon,
edited by Henry Williams, 75 cts.-For Auld AC-
quaintance, a loving cup book, compiled by Adam
Goodfellow, edited by William Payne, new and en-
larged edition, 75 cts. net. (New Amsterdam Book
Co.)
Penal Servitude, by W. B. N., being an account of the
prison experiences of Lord William Nevill, $1.50 net.
(G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
An American edition of the well-known English
quarterly, "The Library," will be published by the
Scott-Thaw Co. of New York, beginning with the March
issue.
“Advanced Algebra for Colleges and Schools," by
Dr. William J. Milne, is a new publication of the Am-
erican Book Co.
Mr. Harold Baker is the author of the « Stratford-
on-Avon” volume in “Bell's Cathedral Series" just
published by the Macmillan Co.
A new edition of Mr. W. Basil Worsfold's scholarly
work on “ The Principles of Criticism” is published by
Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co.
“ School Composition for Use in Higher Grammar
Classes," by Dr. W. H. Maxwell and Miss Emma L.
Johnston, is a recent publication of the American
Book Co.
A thin paper" Jane Eyre," in flexible leather binding,
comes to us from Messrs. Thomas Nelson & Sons in
their “New Century Library" of standard English re-
prints on India paper.
“ The Vale of Cedars,” by Grace Aguilar, together
with a number of the author's shorter stories, are re-
published in a handsomely illustrated volume by the
Jewish Publication Society of America.
• Stories of Old France," by Miss Leila Webster
Pitman, is a reading-book for children, just published
by the American Book Co. The stories are pleasantly
told, and their pictures of an instructive sort.
« The Gate Beautiful,” an elaborately-illustrated
volume on art and the philosophy of beauty, prepared
by Prof. John Ward Stimson, will be published this
month by Mr. Albert Brandt, of Trenton, N. J.
Mr. Ralph Fletcher Seymour is the publisher of
“ Ceres and Persephone,” a child-play by Miss Maud
Menefee. The Demeter myth is retold for children in
simple lyrical dialogue, and Mr. Lang's translation of
the “Hymn to Demeter " is appended.
Mr. F. B. Sanborn's recollections of Emerson, with
his account of Emerson's individuality viewed after a
long and intimate acquaintance, will be published this
Spring by Mr. Charles E. Goodspeed of Boston, in a
volume entitled “The Personality of Emerson."
“ A Short History of Rome," by Mr. W.S. Robinson,
is published by Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co. It is
a schoolbook pure and simple, designed for the upper
and middle forms of the English schools, and as inter-
esting in treatment as is possible for a text so crammed
with statements of bare fact.


1903.)
215
THE DIAL
3
)
A new and revised edition of Mr. Stephen Paget's
* Experiments on Animals,” with an introduction by
Lord Lister, is published by the Messrs. Putnam. It
is a work particularly to be commended to the attention
of the anti-vivisectionists, although they will hardly find
its sober scientific method to their liking.
Mr. Basil Lubbock's “Round the Horn before the
Mast” (Datton), is a lively account, in sailor language,
of a voyage from San Francisco to Queenstown in a
sailing vessel. It is realistic enough, and the boy who
reads it is likely to have some of his sea-going ideas
shocked,—which perhaps may not be so bad a thing for
him, after all.
The Chautauqua reading for this year includes a
Russian element of interest, which is the explanation of
Miss Isabel F. Hapgood's “Survey of Russian Litera-
ture, with Selections,” just issued from the Chautauqua
Press. The book is essentially a compilation of the
opinions of Russian critics, in which character is its
special value.
The series of « English Classics” published by Messrs.
Longmans, Green, & Co. has just been increased by
three volumes. Scott's “ Lady of the Lake" is edited
by Professor G. R. Carpenter, Irving's “Oliver Gold-
smith” is edited by Dr. Lewis B. Semple, and a volume
containing three of Tennyson's “Idyls of the King" is
edited by Miss Sophie Chantal Hart.
To“Bell's Miniature Series of Painters” (Macmillan)
have been added volumes on Murillo, Lord Leighton,
and Holman Hunt, by Mr. George C. Williamson, editor
of the series; and on Greuze and Millais, by Messrs.
Harold Armitage and A. L. Baldry respectively. This
valuable little series may now be had in attractive red
leather binding, with a photogravure frontispiece to
each volume.
The special Riverside Press editions to be issued this
Spring by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co., include
Gabriel Naude's “ Instructions Concerning Erecting of
a Library,” in the English translation of John Evelyn;
Emerson's essay on “ Compensation,” with an introduc-
tion by Mr. Bliss Perry; and a new translation, made by
Mr. Curtis Hidden Page, of the songs and sonnets of
Pierre de Ronsard.
“ Funds and their Uses,” by Dr. Frederick A.
Cleveland, is a volume in the • Business Series” of
Messrs. D. Appleton & Co. The book offers a de-
scription of “the methods, instruments, and institutions
employed in modern financial transactions,” and is illus-
trated by many facsimile engravings of cheques, drafts,
bonds, and stock certificates. It is a very useful sort of
book, and one much needed.
“La Lignée des Poètes Français au XIXe siècle,"
by M. Charles Bonnier, is a pretty booklet published
by the Oxford Clarendon Press. It contains a series of
extracts from French poetry, from Lamartine and
Vigny to Régnier and Verbæren, forming the links
in an unbroken chain" of development in form and
thought. An essay "à la Mémoire de Stéphane Mal-
larmé” is given at the close of the volume.
While the best of our printing trade journals do not
overlook altogether the artistic aspects of their subject,
it is the technical and commercial phases that chiefly
occupy their space. So there has long been not only
room, but actual need, for such a periodical as “The
Printing Art," lately launched by the University Press
of Cambridge, which intends to deal with modern typog-
raphy and book-making entirely from the artistic stand-
point. To teach more by example than precept is the
aim of the magazine, and to this end each issue will pres-
ent, in its own general make-up and by means of inserted
specimens of work produced by outside printers, an ex-
bibit of the best ideas in current typographic taste. If
“ The Printing Art" can be held to the high level of its
first issue, it must prove indispensable to everyone con-
cerned in any way with the practice of typography.
In connection with a well-known English house,
Messrs. Tennant & Ward of New York have begun
publication of “ The Cloister Library,” a series of re-
prints devoted to the classics of meditative literature,
under the editorship of Mr. A. R. Waller. Three vol-
umes are now ready, comprising Sir Arthur Helps's
“ Thoughts in the Cloister and the Crowd," Saint
Teresa's “ Way of Perfection," and George Herbert's
“ The Temple.”
A new work by Captain Hiram Martin Chittenden,
author of “The American Fur Trade of the Far West,"
will be added next month to the “American Explorers
Series " published by Mr. Francis P. Harper. “A His-
tory of Early Steamboat Navigation on the Missouri
River: Life and Adventures of Joseph La Barge, Pioneer
Navigator and Indian Trader for Fifty Years Indenti-
fied with the Commerce of the Missouri Valley,” is the
full title of the forthcoming book.
The four-volume reissue of John Fiske's “Outlines
of Cosmic Philosophy” (Houghton) is made noticeable
by the extensive introduction contributed by Professor
Josiah Royce. This introduction, which fills nearly half
of the first volume, is peculiarly necessary in the case
of a work thirty years old, which the author never
found opportunity to rewrite. These volumes are the
first in a series of twenty-four which will give us a uni-
form library edition of Fiske's complete writings.
The latest addition to Mr. Leon H. Vincent's excel-
lent series of studies of French society and letters in
the seventeenth century is a volume on Moliére (Hough-
ton). In a style that never grows dull or prolix, the
author bas succeeded admirably-by a series of deft
and felicitous allusions, rather than by the detailed bio-
graphical method—in bringing the noteworthy events
in the career of the illustrious Frenchman before his
readers.
A volume of “ Assyrian and Babylonian Letters,"
edited by Professor Robert Francis Harper, is now
added to the Decennial Publications of the University
of Chicago. This volume represents the first fruits of
a large undertaking, which is nothing less than the
publication of the entire Kouyunjik Collection of the
British Museum, which will require from thirty to forty
volumes. We cannot recommend this volume to the
general reader, for the excellent reason that the text
is printed in cuneiform, without any translation.
Professor James Albert Woodburn is the author of
a treatise upon “ The American Republic and Its Gov-
ernment” (Putnam), which stands midway between
Bryce and the ordinary text-book of elementary scope,
and is designed for advanced high-school work or for
the early years of the college. It is essentially a study
of the national government in its history, its political
philosophy, and its practical workings. There are, to
be sure, two brief chapters on the states and territories,
but these are clearly in the nature of an appendix to
the main work. Professor Woodburn's volume seems to
us an eminently successful production, and one that will
be found highly useful by teachers of political science.


216
[March 16,
THE DIAL
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1903.)
217
THE DIAL
CROWELL'S POETS
uthors
gency
OBERMANN
ASK FOR
Etienne Pivert de Senancour's Masterpiece.
A series of philosophical, descriptive, familiar,
and sentimental letters published originally
“SHERLOCK HOLMES." French, for home study, mailed at 25c.
E. ROTH, 1135 Pine Street, PHILADELPHIA.
in the early years of the nineteenth century,
and now for the first time presented in En-
OLD BOOKS AND MAGAZINES. Send for Cata-
logue. Address
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1908.]
219
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220
(March 16, 1903,
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222
1
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HARPER & BROTHERS, Publishers, NEW YORK


1908.]
223
THE DIAL
Mr. GEORGE HORTON'S Latest Book and Greatest Literary Success
IN ARGOLIS
Is meeting with praise from the highest authorities of ENGLAND and AMERICA
&
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224
(April 1,
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The Tu-Tze's Tower A Victim of Conscience
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HENRY T. COATES & CO., PUBLISHERS, PHILADELPHIA


1903.)
225
THE DIAL
JUST PUBLISHED
Songs and Stories from Tennessee
By
JOHN TROTWOOD MOORE
Author of "A Summer Hymnal.” 12mo. Illustrated by HOWARD WEEDEN and
ROBERT DICKEY. $1.25.
>
This volume contains the story of “ Ole Mistis,” which has attained a wide celebrity
from its use by professional readers and reciters, and which first brought the author into
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>
-
“A DELIGHT AND AN INSPIRATION”
A Summer Hymnal A Romance of Tennessee
H
By
JOHN TROTWOOD MOORE
Illustrated by STANLEY M. ARTHURS. 12mo, cloth extra, $1.25.
Marion HARLAND says: “For we have in the Hymnal' one of the most exquisite
“
pastorals of American life ever written. It is an Idyll — a Reverie,' than which nothing
more charming has been offered to our reading public since Ik Marvel founded a school of
his own fifty one years ago. . . . Our United Country' is proud of the State that has given
us within a dozen years Charles Egbert Craddock and this later and gentler painter of Ten-
nessee life.”
“ There is in the philosophy of this novel something deliciously sweet and comforting.
A book of this sort occasionally is a delight and an inspiration.” — Louisville Times.
”.
“Mr. Moore displays more sentiment than does Mr. Allen, and a shrewder philosophy.”
New York Times Saturday Review.
>
а
HENRY T. COATES & CO., PUBLISHERS, PHILADELPHIA


226
(April 1,
THE DIAL
IMPORTANT BOOKS OF THE SPRING SEASON
EDITH WYATT'S
New Book
True Love
A Comedy of the
Affections.
In its Second Edition before date of publication.
The Chameleon
By JAMES WEBER LINN
(Of the University of Chicago)
The story of a man's wrestling match with his own
character. There are two remarkably interesting people
in the book; Bradford, the poseur with a hypersensitive
conscience, and Murdoch, the millionaire pickle maker,
who purchases a college.
$1.50. Second Edition.
A satirical and humorous
novel, the scene of which is
laid in Chicago and vicinity.
It is keenly observant, witty,
and human. A rare literary
quality in both conception
and execution distinguishes it,
and places it in a class by
itself.
The Rebellion of the Princess
By M. IMLAY TAYLOR
A novel of love, adventure, and intrigue at the Rus-
sian court. Each page leads on irresistibly to the next,
and the inevitable on-rushing quality of a “good story
-
is never lost for a moment. It is a book that once
taken up cannot be laid down until finished.
$1.50.
$1.50.
Second Edition.
JOSEPH CONRAD'S
New Book
Youth
Companion Volume to “ The Simple Life.”
The Better Way
By CHARLES WAGNER
This new book indicates how the doctrines of the
author's “Simple Life" can be applied to our everyday
”
existence. Its aim is to show how peace and calm can
be preserved through all the moods of doubt and despair
that harrass us.
It is filled with the same warm love of
nature and of human kind that pervades the first book,
but its counsel to the heart is even more intimate and
kindly. $1.00 net; postpaid, $1.07.
Three adventurous tales
of the world's
waterways.
Anna of the Five Towns
By ARNOLD BENNETT
A remarkable novel, portraying with great realism the
development of a sincere girl's character amid the cant
and hypocrisy of a nonconformist community in Stafford-
shire, England.
“ The most artistic story of the year.'
N. Y. Times Saturday Review.
$1.50. Second Edition.
The first work in several
years from the greatest English
writer of imaginative fiction,
one who is recognized as the
unchallenged master in his
own field — the sea.
“ Of intense human interest.
Shows the same finish of style, the
same extraordinary vividness and
imaginativeness in the presentation
of character that lift all Mr. Con-
rad's work far above the common
novel. Baltimore Sun.
$1.50. Second Edition.
a
รา
MCCLURE, PHILLIPS & Co., NEW YORK CITY
& New
>


1903.)
227
THE DIAL
The Important New Books
JUST READY
Mr. PAUL GWYNNE'S Novel
The Pagan at the Shrine
Mr. WIRT GERRARE'S
Greater Russia
THE CONTINENTAL EMPIRE OF THE
OLD WORLD
Describes present conditions, and the commercial and
industrial development of the empire; incidentally,
also, the best openings for foreign enterprise and invest-
ment.
Cloth, illustrated, 8vo, $3.00 net. (Postage 22 cents.)
A story of the South of Spain during the Carlist troubles
and the anti-Jesuit agitations. An intensely human,
daring story of warring passions, by the author of
“Marta."
Cloth, 12mo, $1.50.
GERTRUDE ATHERTON'S Selection of
A Few of Hamilton's Letters
Including his description of the great West Indian hur-
ricane of 1772. Cloth, $1.50 net. (Postage 13 cents.)
"MRS. ATHERTON sifts from a mass of material the let-
ters which throw light upon the man ... a boon to the
general reader."--New York Herald.
"Like the great portrait in her novel 'The Conquerer,'
this stands in a place by itself among recent things of the
sort."-N. Y. Sun.
Mr. GEORGE CRAM COOK'S Novel
Roderick Taliaferro
Is a thrilling clear-cut story of the adventures in love
and war of an ex-Confederate soldier, an officer in the
Army of the Mexican Empire under the ill-fated Maxi-
millian. Illustrated by SEYMOUR M. STONE.
Cloth, 12mo, 81.50.
Mr. PERCY MACKAYE'S Play
The Canterbury Pilgrims
is a daring scheme carried out in so original a way that
its production will be undertaken by Mr. E. H. Sothern.
In this bright comedy Chaucer appears in the rôle of a
lover.
Cloth, 16 mo., $1.25 net.
(Postage 10 cents.)
CARL HILTY'S Essays
Translated by Prof. F. G. PEABODY
Happiness: Essays on the Meaning of Life
“ An amazingly successful attempt to interpret with en-
gaging directness the modern world to the end of achiev-
ing happy, rational, and useful life"-Boston Herald.
Cloth, 16mo, $1.25 net. (Postage 7 cents.)
Mr. ZANGWILL'S New Book
The Grey Wig
is, according to the author, "mainly a study of women.
By ISRAEL ZANGWILL, author of “Children of the
Ghetto," etc.
Cloth, $1.50.
Mr. LAWSON'S New Novel
Mrs. ELY'S Charming book on
A Woman's Hardy Garden
is “one of the most attractively written and most prac-
tical" of garden books, says the Philadelphia Ledger,
ading : “It is to be unqualifiedly recommended."
Third edition in press. Cloth, 12mo, Illustrated, $1.75 net.
(Postage 13 cents.)
From the Unvarying Star
A story of a country parish with a passionate love in-
terest on a spiritual level which suggests George Mc-
Donald's "Annals of a Quiet Neighborhood."
By ELSWORTH LAwson, author of " Euphrosyne and Her
Golden Book."
Cloth, $1.50.
By C. M. WALSH
The Fundamental Problem in
Monetary Science
Cloth, 12m), +383 pp., $1.50 net. (Postage 13 cents.)
Author of
The Measurement of General
Exchange-Value, 1901
Cloth, 580 pp., $3.00 net. (Postage 26 cents.)
A DESCRIPTIVE GUIDE to
The Best Fiction
British and American, including translations ; containing
about 4,500 entries, with copious indexes and a historical
appendix.
By ERNEST A. BAKER, M.A.
Editor of "Half-Forgotten Books," etc.
610 pp. 8vo, Cloth, 82.50 net.
On net books ordered from the publisher carriage is an extra charge: they are for sale by all dealers at net rates.
Published by THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, 66 5th Ave., N. Y.


228
(April 1, 1903.
THE DIAL
SIX IMPORTANT BOOKS
Now Ready
RICHARD ROSNY
By Maxwell Gray, author of “The Silence of Dean Maitland,” etc. Photogravure Frontispiece.
I 2mo. Cloth, $1.50.
« Richard Rosny' does not belong to the fiction of the commonplace. It shows great strength
and uncommon art.” — St. Louis Star.
>
>>
The History of Puerto Rico
Horace Greeley
By R. A. VAN MIDDELDYK. With an Introduction by By WILLIAM A. LINN, author of “ The Story of the
Prof. Martin G. Brumbaugh. (Expansion of the
Mormons ; formerly Managing Editor New York
Republic Series.) 12mo. Illustrated. Cloth, $1.25 Evening Post. (Historic Lives Series.) 12mo. Illus-
net (postage 12 cents additional).
trated. Cloth, $1.00 net (postage 10 cents additional).
Puerto Rico has an interesting history. Its four cen-
It is remarkable that so little has been written about
turies under Spanish control is a record of unusual and Greeley since he died ; in fact, since Parton's book
remarkable events. But this record has remained un- appeared, just before the civil war, no one has under-
known to the American people. has never been taken a comprehensive life of Greeley. Greeley's own
written satisfactorily even in the Spanish language. The autobiography, which he called “Recollections of a
author is the first to give English readers, a record of Busy Life,” has been the only later work of note to
Spanish rule in this “ pearl of the Antilles."
which readers could go, and that book has not been in
general circulation for a great many years.
Mr. Linn's
The Stirrup Cup
volume, therefore, had a large public waiting to receive it.
By J. Aubrey Tyson. (Novelette de Luxe Series.) A Virginia Girl in the Civil War
I 2mo.
Gilt top$
Mr. Tyson has written an American story which
seems certain of popularity. It deals with the early life
of Aaron Burr, his first courtship and marriage. This
is a most agreeable part of Burr's life to those who regret
the later clouds that injured his reputation. Mr. Tyson
has told the story with much cleverness and refinement.
In literary craftsmanship he has risen to a level distinctly
above the average in current fiction.
Being the Authentic Experiences of a Confederate Ma-
jor's Wife who followed her Husband into Camp at
the outbreak of the War, dined and supped with Gen-
eral J. E. B. Stuart, ran the Blockade to Baltimore,
and was in Richmond when it was evacuated. Col-
lected and Edited by Myrta Lockett Avary.
Cloth, $1.25 net (postage 12 cents additional). Second
Edition.
12 mo.
Ready April 10
LETTERS OF CHARLES DARWIN
Edited by Francis Darwin. Two vols., 500 pages each. Eight photogravures and eight half-
tones. Cloth, gilt top, deckle edges, boxed, $5.00 net. Uniform with “ The Life and Letters
of Huxley."
Much interest has been shown in the announcement of this work. The two volumes will in
no way disappoint readers, for it will soon be discovered that Francis Darwin's biography of his
father, while made up largely of letters, left unprinted an extremely valuable epistolary collection.
The new letters are not alone scientific in the subjects they treat of; they are often personal, and
delightfully so. They reveal in Darwin that persuasive and irresistable charm which men of real
eminence always possess when to great talent they join simplicity and unaffected sincerity.
D. APPLETON & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS
NEW YORK
BOSTON
CHICAGO


THE DIAL
A Semis Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
PAGE
.
.
.
.
No. 403. APRIL 1, 1903. Vol. XXXIV. If he have anything to say which is worth the
world's attention, he can secure it, as a rule,
CONTENTS.
without waiting too long for it. Of course a
man of genius may die young as well now as
POSTHUMOUS AND CONTEMPORARY FAME .229
ever before, and receive the recognition due
him when too late, but with a moderately long
ENGLISH SOCIETY UNDER THE GEORGES.
Percy F. Bicknell
231
life he can count upon securing an audience to
some extent commensurable with his ambition,
THE SOCIAL UNREST. John J. Halsey
233
during that lifetime.
THE DIVERSIONS OF A BIOGRAPHER. Clark
The judgments of no age concerning itself
S. Northup.
235
are to be taken as wholly conclusive. It may
A NEW BOOK ABOUT FINLAND. Laurence M. well be that posterity will place different esti-
Larson
236
mates from ours upon
the work of
many
of the
A ROMANCE ASCRIBED TO MILTON. Frederic men of our age, but the general truth remains
Ives Carpenter :
. 238 that these judgments of ours, taken as a whole,
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne . 240 more closely approximate to those which will
Zola's Truth.- Mrs. Ward's Lady Rose's Daughter. receive the sanction of posterity than the judg-
-Mrs. Thurston's The Circle. Mrs. Higginson's
Mariella, of Out-West. — Mrs. Older's The Socialist
ments of past ages concerning themselves have
and the Prince.— Miss Austin's Veronica.- Norris's approached the final estimate of mankind.
The Pit. - Webster's Roger Drake, Captain of In- This statement is obviously insusceptible of
dustry. Harris's Gabriel Tolliver.- Peake's The
Pride of Tellfair. - Hotchkiss's For a Maiden
proof, but it is possible to point out strong rea-
Brave. — Goodloe's Calvert of Strathore.- Bridg- sons for believing it to be substantially true.
man's Loyal Traitors.
There are two chief reasons why genius in times
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
244
past has often received only the tardy recogni.
Pioneering in the wild West.— Literature in France tion of posterity. It has either failed to present
after the Revolution. — Quincy, Mass., and its fa-
itself fairly to the attention of its age, or, if this
mous group of patriots.—Mont Pelée and the tragedy
of Martinique. — The leader of the Covenanters. has been secured, its embodiment, thus pre-
-The romance and beauty of Provence. — The note
sented to the world for judgment, has been so far
of “The Lark" once more. — “Telepathic" or
in advance of the age in which it has appeared
“spiritualistic" occult theories.
that it has not been understood, and has found
NOTES
247
meaning only to the advanced intelligence of
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS
247 some later period. The first of these causes may
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
247
be said to have been very largely done away
with, so largely as no longer to prevail in any
marked degree in depriving a person of the re-
POSTHUMOUS AND CONTEMPORARY
cognition due to his achievements. The second
FAME.
cause of course remains as before, but we shall
In our days, fame is more quickly attained find upon examination that it is of much less
than in times past. It is safe to say that the consequence than the first, for the cases are few
futuro historian of our age will not have to in which thought, once brought well before the
record the sad fact which must be recorded of attention of an age, has not been able to secure
the many past ages, that its greatest men have an audience, if a small one, among the most
lived in obscurity, and that to their names none advanced thinkers of the age, while there are
but posthumous fame has been attached. Not countless instances in which thought has been
that genius is sure of immediate recognition prevented from exercising its due influence by
now, but that it is much more likely to secure lacking the means of bringing itself into gen-
it than in times past. Given to-day a man of eral notice, and the prevalence of error has
intellectual power, endowed with good vitality, thereby been made possible, although the truth
and having a fair amount of self-assertion, he may have been fully known to a few.
need not remain neglected unless he choose. Briefly, then, our age has witnessed so mar-
.


230
(April 1,
THE DIAL
a
vellous an increase in the facilities for inter-
and was unsparing of ridicule, that most potent
course and the interchange of ideas that it appeal of the vulgar to the vulgar; this also
;
would be a difficult matter for any expression we have seen, and we can record with satisfac-
of unusual ability to remain long unnoticed, and tion that the man to whose untiring activity it
that any such expression, once brought to the was all due lived to see realized the proudest
attention of a large public, could hardly be so dream of his life, and died with no mere cer-
far in advance of that public as not to find tainty of posthumous fame, such as might have
some few capable of estimating it at its real been his sole portion in an earlier age, but
value, and assigning it the place fitting it in having seen the triumph of his work, having
the structure of human achievement. The most received during life the crown of recognized
universally accepted opinions of an age are success.
really the opinions of a few of the clearest In view of these considerations it may be
thinkers of that age, supported blindly by the maintained that the oft-repeated assertion that
great mass of people, who always have been the men and work of an age can only be judged
and always will be incapable of forming valid fairly by a succeeding one has become divested
judgments for themselves on any of the more of whatever truth it may once have had, and,
abstract subjects of thought with which an age in support of this, there may be instanced the
is called upon to deal. Now the conditions of many cases in which new thoughts and crea-
our present age are such that not only is the tions have received what we have no reason to
expression of new thought practically sure of believe to be other than a permanent valuation
whatever audience the age can furnish it with, in the very age which has given them birth.
but also that the few or many who are found The sad history of genius in past ages seems
capable of appreciating it are enabled to give to have produced a sort of conviction that, of
their judgment more immediate effect in direct necessity, it must ever be so with great men
ing the general judgment of the age than would and great ideas ; a conviction which does not
be possible were the means of intercourse less pause to inquire into the conditions which have
numerous than they are. In consequence of hitherto made this history what we know it to
all this our age has witnessed many unwonted have been, or to ask if they obtain now as they
spectacles, among them that of a man of sci- have in the past. That the judgments of our
entific genius who, less than half a century ago, age in many matters of theory are of no merely
propounded a theory that seemed the height of provisional nature, but such as we may con-
speculative extravagance to all but the few of fidently accept as in no danger of being re-
clear vision whose attention was called to it, a versed, is sufficiently clear, for they appeal
theory that was opposed to all the preëxisting directly to the reasoning faculties, and the
opinions on the subject with which it dealt, and reason once satisfied, the matter is ended, for,
had to encounter, perhaps, a greater amount of in the words of Schopenhauer, “so long indeed
conservative resistance than was ever before en- as the truth does not appear, error will have
countered by any theory, yet which, in spite of full play, as owls and bats fly about in the
all obstacles, has in this less than half a cen- night; but we may sooner expect that owls and
tury acquired for itself a place in biology an- bats will frighten back to its bed the orient
alogous to that occupied by the law of gravi. sun, than that truth, once recognized and clearly
tation in physics, and has revolutionized the enunciated, will be pushed aside in order that
sciences of organic life. Similarly, in the do- the old error may resume its place. For in this
main of art, we have seen a composer of genius is the very strength of truth, that her victory
boldly reject the accepted canons of musical is indeed gained hardly and at much cost, but,
composition, denounce as trivial that which once gained, is never to be taken from her.”
was generally looked upon as being truest and The permanence of our æsthetic judgments
highest, and, striking out for himself in a new is more open to dispute, for in these matters
and little explored path, create a music as the canons of criticism have not the immu-
widely at variance with existing fashion as table character possessed by those employed in
might well be, claiming for music and conquer- abstract reasoning, and yet it may be asserted
ing in her name a wider province than that with some confidence that even in matters of
over which she had previously held sway, and this kind we are not without being justified in
all this in the face of the most determined op- the assumption that, with due exercise of the
position, an opposition which made unscrupu- greater care made imperative by the more com-
lous use of all the weapons that came to hand, | plex conditions dealt with, we may arrive at


1903.)
231
THE DIAL
66
a
>
conclusions which shall have an objective va.
lidity. The idea is gradually taking hold of
The New Books.
men's minds that æsthetic judgments are more
than opinions; that there is a right and a
ENGLISH SOCIETY UNDER THE GEORGES.*
wrong in art, and that this may be clearly
pointed out; that we may have an intellectual A few unpublished letters and an army offi.
recognition of the value of a poem or a picture cer's manuscript account of a South African
which shall be something apart from and quite campaign, eked out with material from contem-
different from our personal likings, which may porary memoirs and magazines, and all gener-
indeed be wholly opposed to them. If this as- ously embellished with reproductions of por-
sumption be not unwarranted we may proceed traits and curious prints, have furnished forth a
,
to the study of the artistic no less that of the volume of considerable interest in Mr. George
scientific manifestations of the present, with Paston's “Side-Lights on the Georgian Period.”
some confidence that we may, with due care, form The first chapter, “A Burney Friendship,
estimates which shall be of more than subjec- treats of the friendly relations and correspond-
tive value. Had Shakespeare lived in the nine- ence between the Burneys and Mary Ann Port,
teenth century instead of in the sixteenth, we who afterward became Mrs. Waddington. The
may rest assured that he would have found an latter's granddaughter, Mrs. Herbert of Llan-
appreciative audience, and one whose verdict over, has placed the letters at the author's dis-
would only bave become confirmed by the cen- posal, and from these, as well as from Madame
turies following. It is, of course, this very D'Arblay's published "Diary and Letters," Mr.
confirmation which sets the seal
upon such Paston has given us a pleasing, although rather
verdict, but for those who returned it, it would stiff and old-maidish, portrait of the talented au-
have needed no such confirmation.
thor of Evelina." One of Miss Port's early ad-
It may, of course, be urged that we are all mirers, Colonel Manners, is introduced for our
children of our age, and that this alone makes amusement. The simple-hearted Colonel com-
it impossible for us to judge objectively of pro- plained that whenever he was about to speak on
ductions which appeal not only to our intellect any topic in the House of Commons, Mr. Pitt
but to our feelings. This plea has a certain invariably anticipated him and went through
force, but it is the very recognition of the fact the whole subject so thoroughly as to leave
that we are the children of our age, and the others nothing to say.
He declared he had
clear perception of the characteristics of that never voted but once against his conscience,
age, which will be our best safeguard, for it and that was for the “ bacheldors' tax," which
will afford us a criterion by which we may dis- he held to be unconstitutional; for, he asks,
tinguish the objective in our personal estimate “ how can a man help being a bacheldor if no.
from the subjective. Most people place a body will have him? And, besides, it's not any
value upon works of art according as they are fault to be taxed for, because we did not make
interested by them. This valuation is purely ourselves bacheldors, for no one was born mar-
subjective and worthless. Above these there is ried, so we were made bacheldors by God.”
a lesser number of those who, imbued with And so we dismiss him with the punning
the spirit of their age, judge works of art couplet,
favorably or unfavorably according as they “Gentle Manners, with affections mild,
give expression to that spirit. This judgment
In wit a man, simplicity a child."
has in the place of the subjectivity of the indi- Mrs. Carew, daughter of Dr. Burney's early
vidual the larger subjectivity of the age, and friend and patron, Fulke Greville, and one of
has a high relative value, but may be reversed the famous beauties of her time, is praised for
by another generation. Highest of all we her youthful charm even as a middle-aged ma-
a
find the few who, while carried along in the tron with grown-up children. Miss Burney says
current of the thoughts and aims of their age, she “uglified ” everybody near her, and that
keep their heads above the level of the stream, her son might have passed for an elder brother.
and realize its relations to the past and the The best of the letters quoted are those written,
future. These are of their age, but they see not by Miss Burney, in ber elegant Johnsonese
beyond it; they have a sense of the unity of and with that touch of grandiloquence so sug-
past, present, and future ; their judgment is gestive of egoism, but by the dear old musician,
;
more or less objective, and has a correspond.
*SIDE-LIGHTS ON THE GEORGIAN PERIOD. By George
ingly high absolute value.
Páston. Illustrated. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.


232
(April 1,
THE DIAL
her father. Here is one of his written at the that afterward achieved fame. The editor, Dr.
age of eighty-three to Mrs. Waddington : Griffiths, meets with scant respect from Mr. Pas-
“MY DEAREST MADAM, — The Median and Persian ton, who refers slightingly to his title with the ex-
laws by which I at present exist are the following: I planation that he had some American diplo-
never quit my bower till twelve o'clock, when, in toler-
oma.” As a matter of fact, it was the Univer-
able weather, I take an old lady's drive about Hyde
Park, and in summer walk in Kensington Gardens till sity of Pennsylvania that, unsolicited, conferred
near two — then devote the third hour to calling on
upon him the degree of LL.D., of which we may
dear friends who interested themselves about my health conclude that he was not wholly unworthy, as
during my confinement by personal inquiries at my door honorary degrees go; for the author admits that
without being let in -and since the few warm days that
succeeded our Nova Zembla frigidity, set me up, and en-
he was reputed a firm friend, a lover of domes-
abled me to go into my parlour, or chambre d'audience,
tic life, a steady advocate of literature, an ex-
I gave notice to the elect ladies on my list that I should cellent companion, and a veritable encyclopædia
be visible from three to five o'clock, after which I dine, of literary anecdote and reminiscence. As
read, or hear reading, and write or dictate letters, but
one of the pioneers in a useful department of
never more will be out after sunset. But I have a
trick of waking at sunrise, and if not in acute pain, literature, he certainly deserves honor and
read or write in bed till ten or eleven o'clock. Such is praise, whatever the shortcomings of his mag-
the monotonous life of your very old and affectionate azine. And he seems not to have miscon.
servant, CHARLES BURNEY."
ceived the function of a critical review. No
The good doctor, writing of Catalini's singing, present-day London editor could state the case
dwells only on its merits, leaving its defects more tersely than did the Monthly in the fol-
for others to censure. “Praise is harder than lowing reply to an aggrieved author:
, , by such as
-
more difficult part. He deprecates the giving suppose it to be the business of the reviewers to set
of so enormous pay (two hundred pounds for
every wrong-headed author right. They think it in gen-
eral sufficient that they point out the principal defects
each performance) to the prima donna, and
in the performance of such mistaken writers, who
foresees the evils of the star system. The would do well, instead of persisting in their errors, and
gentle doctor of music was said to be the only growing impatient under well-meant reproof, to sub-
man to whom Dr. Johnson bad ever uttered mit with patience, and profit by just correction."
the words, “I beg your pardon, sir.”
The ideal woman of the Georgian period
In the second chapter, on “ The Illustrated seems to have been very nearly what the men
Magazine," attention is called to the curious demanded that she should be," fine by de-
fact that the recent rise of the pictorial monthly fect and amiably weak.” The latter half of the
is but a repetition of what took place a hun eighteenth century abounded in manuals of
dred years earlier. Between 1765 and 1800
advice to young women, written by old women
a group of illustrated magazines sprang into of both sexes. Dr. Johnson especially admired
being which compare not unfavorably with a little treatise by Joshua Reynolds's sister, in-
their modern successors in England, albeit culcating the principle that the love of praise
eclipsed by American publications of a similar in a female breast should never transcend the
kind. But even their names are now unfa- domestic sphere; perhaps the most perfect fem-
miliar. How many readers have ever heard inine mind aims at nothing higher than an ex-
of The Town and Country Magazine, The emption from blame." Let those who pine
Westminster, The Oxford, The Sentimental, for woman's complete emancipation review the
The Maccaroni, The Matrimonial, The Lady's, progresss achieved in one short century, and
The Fashionable, or The Magazine à la Mode?
take courage.
Dull enough, to be sure, their reading matter From the now forgotten autobiography of
would now seem to us; but their copper-plate Mrs. Eliza (Dawson) Fletcher, whom the au-
engravings are a relief to the eye wearied by thor styles an English Madame Roland, one
an excess of process prints.
gets a fresh glimpse of eighteenth-century
Akin in interest to the foregoing, but dis- people and manners. Here is Miss Edgeworth's
cussed in a later chapter, is the literary review. portrait, sketched with no flattering hand :
Mention is made chiefly of The Monthly Re-
“ Miss Edgeworth's personal appearance is not at-
view (1749–1845) and its shorter-lived rival, tractive, but her vivacity, good humour, and cleverness
The Critical Review (1756-1791). To the in conversation quite equalled my expectations. I
Monthly's fine-print list of less important pub-
should say she was more sprightly than refined ; she
excelled in the raciness of Irish bumour, but the great
lications the reviewer, with almost invariable
defect of her manner was an excess of compliment, or
lack of prophetic wisdom, relegated the books what in Ireland is called • blarney'; and in one who


1903.)
283
THE DIAL
opens. It is
9
had moved in the best circles it surprised me a little. on the heels of the greatest industrial upheaval
She repelled all approach to intimacy on my part by in history, is very timely.
the excess of her complimentary reception when we
were first introduced to each other. I never felt con-
The purpose of the book may be expressed
fidence in the reality of what she said afterwards.”
in the words with which the third chapter
The author takes occasion unnecessarily to
“ to analyze the nature of our own social unrest ; to
signify his disapproval of pro-Boer sentiments
mark some of its more undeniable tendencies; to ask
and his low estimate of the Boer character. He
if it is growing, or, if not growing, is it taking on any
drags in a chapter entitled “ The South Afri- threatening peculiarity to justify alarm? Can it be
can War,” with extracts from a manuscript by maintained that ours is an unrest different in any essen-
Sir John Malcolm, an officer in the Cape Colony
tial from the ferment which for centuries has stirred
the heart and the imagination of humanity? In the
campaign of 1795. He informs us that “his-
current literature on social and industrial questions
tory repeats itself — more especially in South
-
more especially in South nothing, even by economists of repute, is more com-
Africa." The only repetition apparent lies in monly asserted.”
the British passion for dominion and in John Mr. Brooks partly refutes and partly endorses
Bull's disregard of the other man's territorial this assertion in the suggestion that
rights.
“if the people of any past century had possessed our
The narrative, toward the close, runs a little machinery for telling and spreading their fears, their
thin and watery, the final pages giving a sus-
gossip, their corruptions, their tragedies, they would
appear to us like a people of whom we bad never
picion of space-writing. So hard-pressed is the
beard. This new facility for the utterance of our com-
author for matter at last that his concluding plaints becomes also a cause of the evil
. To insist
chapter, “An American in England,” is made loudly and incessantly that things are ill, is to help
up of extracts from so well-known a book as
make them so, although there is some hope that the
the life and letters of George Ticknor, from
sheer din of the caviller may tend at last to beget
which he culls many of the anecdotes long ago
insensibility and indifference, as excessive advertis-
ing may sometimes defeat itself by its dreary univer-
used by Whipple and other reviewers of the sality."
work. In this case, therefore, it can hardly be As an explanation of the increasing unrest,
said, finis coronat opus.
stress is laid on the altered circumstances in
PERCY F. BICKNELL. this country where the chances for common-
place and average ability are becoming less
and less, as those for special ability become
greater and greater. “Three acres and a cow”
THE SOCIAL UNREST.*
translated into the vocabulary of the working
One's first thought on finishing a perusal of
man no longer means comfort as it did a gen-
Mr. Brooks's volume on “The Social Unrest"
eration or so ago. The standard of living, in-
is: Why was not such a book written some
.
terpreted by." a living wage,” has been as im-
time ago? A second and more deliberate opin- perious a tyrant as the worst type of indus-
trial master.
ion is, that this is the most satisfactory book in
the field of social study for many a day, and
“Workingmen, and more especially their wives, who
have once gained the income of modest comfort, have
that its production is a supreme accomplish- something to lose, upon which great price is set, and
ment. Such a book, with its careful investi- therefore organize, strike, and struggle, often in most
gation, its temperate view of every side of a
regrettable ways, to maintain that standard. ... It is
dispute, its large sympathy, its recognition of
the sense of insecurity, lest these symbols of getting on
in the world may at any time be lost, that is at present, as
the evolutionary order of things, makes such it is long likely to remain, one of the deepest and most
widely blazoned works as those of Kidd seem justifiable sources of discontent. Nothing is so habitu-
very empty of the solid matter of which the ally ignored, in attempts to understand industrial strug-
real world is composed, and brings into notice, gles, as the force and prevalence of this sentiment.”
by very force of contrast, the unsubstantiality Other causes are found in the spread of popu-
of much of the so-called social science of the lar education with the consequent democratic
day. Its spirit is wholly admirable, and its at- ideas, and in the decay of authority in religion.
mosphere is the one in which the real struggles One rebel said to the writer : “ The successful
of society are going on all about us.
classes have used religion and heaven to keep
pearance in the first months of the present year, the peace and to put off a lot of troublesome
duties."
* THE SOCIAL UNREST. Studies in Labor and Socialist
Movements. By John Graham Brooks. New York: The
But it is in the presentation and valuation of
Macmillan Co.
the determining causes of the present social un-
>
Its ap-


234
(April 1,
THE DIAL
rest that the interest of this treatise lies. These ing self-help to the admirable results already
are found in the practical working conceptions achieved in Belgium by “municipal trading."
of the contract of labor and of the ownership The writer has, prior to these chapters, called
of the agencies used by labor respectively en- attention to the growing demand in this country
tertained by the masters and the men. On for municipal ownership of public works and
the one side is the growing perception that the all public services, as a sign of the times which
contract of labor is not unilateral in its obliga- capital would do well to heed. If the choice
tions but equilateral, and that the product of is to continue to be between such one-interest
the combined effort of master and laborer, put management as has characterized the anthra-
back into the hands of the former in the shape cite coal fields and public ownership, it is easy
of machinery, is a trust for society rather than to believe that the working man's vote will
a Trust for promotors : on the other is the re- bring in the latter.
luctance of so many potent agents in produc- One of the most valuable features of the book
tion to concede that “the old order changeth," is the frequent citation of capitalist opinion on
and to recognize that restrictions on appren- the side of the thesis for equality and trusteeship
tices merely parallel protective tariffs and pri- which the writer maintains. Recognition that
vate restrictions on output, and that unions the trade union has come to stay and that it is
are the reflex action of combinations.
far better for the masters to coöperate than to
In the chapter entitled “Man and Society fight it is frequent. A growing sense of cor-
versus Machinery " the fight against the ma- porate and personal responsibility is one of the
chines is shown to be the inevitable result of marked features of today, and Mr. Brooks
social awakening and progress, and not in gives it due credit. In this recognition, ex-
reality a fight against the machines but one for tending to the union as the complemental force
participation in their control. Either this con- in social organization, he sees the escape from
trol must be shared or else they become a that ending most to be deprecated — the “80-
veritable car of Juggernaut before which the cialism of the school.” That he takes no
people perish. The chapter on “The Master idyllic view of the union the following indict-
Passion of Democracy,” under the sub-titles
ment evidences :
of “illusions” and “realities," admirably pre- “ The sin and the weakness of the trade union has
sents the limitations and the possibilities of been, in its attitude toward the non-union man ; in its
the hoped-for equality. The former portion sullen aversion to new inventions ; in its too willing as-
easily disposes of the Utopian theories, from
sent to check the output of work ; in its tendency to
Rousseau to Bellamy, which ignore the realities
discourage the best endeavor among the better and
stronger workers ; in its too free use of the sympathe-
of human nature.
tic strike ; in a far too reckless use of the boycott.”
;
• The origin of many of the most startling inequal.
ities is biological. To get born with certain qualities
And yet he says with as full conviction :
is to have many chances to one against the man who “We have only to humiliate what is best in the
came into life without them. We all see that the aspirations of the trade union, and then every worst
sources of superiority are in the gifts that cannot be
feature of socialism is fastened upon us. There is no
made equal. The mysteries of temperment, buoyancy, danger in socialism that for a moment compares with
vivid imagination, prudence, charms of personality, that part of its working propaganda dear to the ex-
tact, inflexible purpose, steadiness of self-control, and tremists the class struggle. To make men believe
even physical gifts, like good digestion and ability to in the fatalities of this social warfare is the deadliest
sleep, are qualities that lead men beyond the average
work in which any human being can engage. To make
of their fellows. To put the least check upon these men disbelieve it, by organizing agencies through which
distinctions (or ineqnalities) would bring a common the luminous proof appears that men can do their work
and a grievous loss.”
together with good will rather than hatred in their
On the other hand :
hearts, is as noble a service as falls to us in this
world."
“Let us state again what is deepest in this un-
abating purpose of the demos. It is not for absolute
This last sentence is the keynote to the pur-
or external equalities. It is not for any equality that pose of the man and of the book. The latter
will submit to nice measurement. It is for far more must be read throughout to appreciate its
equality than exists. It is for as much equality as each
moderation, its charity, its broad inclusiveness,
is capable of seizing and using to his own and others'
good.”
its close touch with both classes in the great
Three consecutive chapters on “Socialism in
industrial operation, its sensible suggestion of
the Making,” “ From Revolution to Reform," practical and immediate attempts to help to
and “Socialism at Work” lead us on from shape the social evolution.
the educational value of socialism as further-
JOHN J. HALSEY.
9


1903.)
235
THE DIAL
>
>
-
lication. Indeed, he adduces some very good
THE DIVERSIONS OF A BIOGRAPHER.*
arguments to demonstrate the beneficent re-
To the two volumes of “Studies of a Biogra- sults of making public this revelation of the
pher" issued in 1898 (reviewed in THE DIAL communion of two great souls. “ The best
Vol. XXVI., pp. 46–8), Sir Leslie Stephen books to read, as somebody has remarked upon
has added a second series of two volumes. We such an occasion, are the books that ought never
hope that many more will follow. No one who to bave been written.” The danger, he thinks,
is familiar with the first series, or with any of is that the publication of these letters is likely
Mr. Stephen's other works,- including of to set a precedent which will be abused; “ that
course his contributions to “ The Dictionary the babit of turning out the most private recept-
of National Biography,”-needs to be told acles will be encouraged without reason by the
of the charm of these pages. The studies are success of this particular performance.' The
not, in most cases, biographies in the ordinary validity of this objection, however, is a point
sense ; the first word of the title should receive of casuistry which he confesses himself unequal
the main stress. They embody the keen ana- to settling.
lytical criticism of life and character of one The elusive Donne, whose life forms so cu-
who has long been engaged in the proper study rious a psychological problem, naturally in-
a
of mankind, and who evidently desires to be terests Mr. Stephen. How far the excessively
writ down in the company of Abou Ben Ad- frank poetry of his early years, “ calculated to
hem. Mr. Stephen is not blind to the foibles make Archbishop Abbot's hair stand on end,"
of the writers whom he discusses ; and on oc- represents genuine autobiography; how much
casion he can wield a pen sufficiently sarcastic. of “ Biathanatos " he himself really believed ;
Yet he never lets us forget his kindly spirit; how“ Donne, the wit, the poet, and the
nor does he ever indulge in sarcasm for the courtier, was sublimated into the saint, and a
pure pleasure of it. He is never iconoclastic ; burning and shining light of the Church,”
nor does he let enthusiasm run away with him these are some of the problems with which he
unless it be " In Praise of Walking,” and wrestles. The morbid constitution of Donne,
there we are in full sympathy with him, exult- he thinks, has a real affinity with latter-day
ing in the delightful sensation of indepen- pessimism.
dence and detachment," proud to belong to the “ People sometimes talk as if pessimism were a new
noble company of those who get nearest to na-
invention. It is merely a new way of saying the old
ture in a walking tour. In his criticism he has things. The good old hearty belief in the devil had
followed the via media. When his opinions dif-
certainly one advantage: it enabled a gloomy person
to cover his misanthropical sentiments by an edifying
fer from those of others he expresses them with mask. The conviction that man's nature is corrupt,
becoming - even at times extreme, but never and that the great majority will be damned, enabled
assumed — modesty, and never dogmatically. you to discharge your melancholy and yet ostensibly to
As in the first volumes of these studies, the
believe that everything was for the best. Now that
the devil has gone out of fashion, the pessimist cannot
range of subjects is wide. Mr. Stephen has
find even a verbal excuse for his mismanagements of
not, however, drawn upon the eighteenth cen- • Nature,' and has to appear in his true character."
tury, the period which he has so fully illumin- Mr. Stephen may not be a thorough-going op-
ated in one of the greatest of his works; be timist; but it is pretty clear that he does not
rarely discusses the poets as such. Though he belong to the opposite school.
talks of Donne, and Southey, and Milton, and Another interesting study is concerned with
Shakespeare, it is not so much of their poetry Huxley. Nominally a review of Mr. Leonard
as of their views of life, of their politics, of Huxley's biography, this essay is an apprecia-
their characters, that he chooses to speak to us. tion of the great warrior for the truth, with an
The ethical question involved in the publica- exposition of some points in his creed. That
tion of the Browning love-letters interests him, Huxley was a thoroughly religious man, there
as does the problem of the literary relations of can be no longer any doubt; indeed, it must
France and England in the times of Voltaire have surprised some readers of the biography
and of Rousseau.
that they could ever have believed otherwise.
In the matter of the Browning letters, Mr. But his creed was not milk for babes. His
Stephen is not disposed to be severe on the “ hatred of sbams meant the refusal of a brave
younger Mr. Browning for allowing their pub- man to shut his eyes, and scorn of men who
*STUDIES OF A BIOGRAPHER. By Leslie Stephen. Second deliberately provide convenient bandages for
series. In two volumes. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. the purpose.” Brought face to face with the
>


236
(April 1,
THE DIAL
1
ܪ
.
-
facts of human folly and human suffering, he interesting to compare this paper with the little
refused to seek refuge in dreams or in an monograph on “Shakespeare, the Man ” which
amiable and comfortable optimism. He had no Professor Goldwin Smith published in 1900.
faith in basty panaceas. The cosmic process Professor Smith concerned himself in part
has been going on for ages. The ethical rather with certain facts regarding the exter-
progress of society depends on combating this
on combating this nals of the poet's life; but to some extent the
process ; and the microcosm will have a long two papers overlap. Professor Smith insists
fight against the macrocosm.” But in his upon the essential soundness of Shakespeare's
home-life Huxley had felt the power of a sen- morality. Shakespeare was a royalist, but not
timent which “explained to him the meaning blind to the human side of the king; in political
of sanctity' and responsibility,'” and which and social sentiment a conservative -
a hater
without doubt formed “the source of the of mobs and riots, but strongly sensible of the
happiness and continued vigour which threw injustice in society ; sound but tolerant and
brightness over his career.”
liberal in his moral philosophy; a conformist in
“ New Lights on Milton ” is, in the main, religion, but more liberal than orthodox Ang-
an estimate of Professor Raleigh's book, which licans.
licans. With most of these propositions, we
Mr. Stephen ranks high. Concerning Milton fancy Mr. Stephen agrees. He is certain that
himself, while doing him full justice, Mr. Shakespeare was not a Puritan ; yet the poet
Stephen has no illusions. Milton was as little had “ a profound sense of the mystery of the
as possible of a philosophic reasoner. He world and of the pettiness of the little lives
60
might have found a better way of escaping that are rounded by a sleep.” He believes
from the tyranny of Laud than “the accept- Shakespeare to have been capable of Romeo's
ance of the harshest Puritanic dogmatism.” passion, though the sonnets are not neces-
He was an idealist who was too often blind to sarily descriptive of any real passion; and
the facts of experience. He generalizes from
.
likewise capable of the feelings and beliefs of
a single case — his own, - and is right only the pessimist. Yet Shakespeare had no defi-
-
when his case happens to be typical. And nite ethical system to inculcate. He was con-
there can be no adequate excuse for the scur- tent to take the world as it is. Keenly alive
rility in which Milton indulged, and which to every enjoyment, he kept his head; resisted
“scandalized even his contemporaries.” Mr. temptation; and never forgot that although
Stephen thinks the fierce indignation displayed the struggle fascinates, “when the energies
in some of Milton's prose works might have decay the position which it has won loses its
been turned to better advantage. He discusses charm." In short, the poet was a marvellous
at some length, and with luminous effect, the blending of the passionate idealist with the
difficulties encountered by Milton in expound man of the world, whose thorough delight in a
ing his theodicy in “Paradise Lost," and con- seat in the chimney-corner in old age was not
cludes that “we are forced to justify admiration the least significant token of his wisdom.
at the cost of condoning palpable absurdities. The other essays are hardly less interesting
It becomes evident that we must rather seek than those
upon
which we have touched. Criti-
to justify ourselves by showing what a surpas- cism of this sort must be of the greatest use-
sing power was manifested in spite of innumer-fulness to the student of literature — and of
able trammels imposed by the task and by the life.
CLARK S. NORTHUP.
conditions of thought which made his concep-
tion of it inevitable."
The most interesting paper, however, is the
A NEW BOOK ABOUT FINLAND.*
one entitled “Shakespeare as a Man.” In
this Mr. Stephen goes into the old question
The recent efforts on the part of the govern-
of how much we know respecting the author ment at St. Petersburg to Russianize Finland,
himself of the great plays,- a question con. to deprive the Duchy not only of its autonomy
cerning which all possible shades of opinion but of its nationality as well, have stimulated
have found expression, if not a skilled cham- popular interest in the unfortunate Finnish peo-
pion. Mr. Stephen holds with Herr Brandes, ple. As a result, much has of late been written
that Shakespeare's spiritual history may be about this somewhat remote corner of the
fairly induced from the plays and the poems, world; but most of it has been of a sentimental
rather than with Mr. Lee, who inclines to
* FINLAND. Its Public and Private Economy. By N. C.
mimimize the value of such inferences. It is Frederiksen. London: Edward Arnold.
a


1903.)
237
THE DIAL
a
a
and superficial order. The work before us, survivals and the creations of modern, even re-
however, is of a different character. The au- cent, times may be seen side by side. The
thor has not written to satisfy a passing curi- peasant classes, while not so prosperous as the
osity ; his attitude is that of an investigator, | English or American farmers, are in every way
an explorer who has found an untravelled land. superior to those of Southern Europe. There
And the work he presents to us is such as only is much poverty among them, especially in the
the scholar produces: it is a scientific state- more remote districts, but nowhere as much as
ment of conditions and facts.
in the interior of Russia. The soil is none too
In Professor Frederiksen's book, the life fertile ; much of the surface is swampy, or
of the Finnish people is studied and presented otherwise untillable; the climate is harsh; on
almost wholly from the point of view of the the whole, the lot of the peasant is a hard one.
economist. The opening chapter, on the settle- The author sees considerable progress along the
ment and early history of the Duchy, while in- lines of agricultural methods; but here again
teresting, is too brief and general to satisfy the the old and the new are found side by side: im-
student of history. The political scientist will plements of the most primitive sort and modern
object to the closing chapter on similar grounds. machinery are often used on the same estate.
But he who cares for the results of economic Finland is not rich in minerals; consequently
research will find much in this volume that is mining and allied industries are not of great
useful and suggestive. The work is largely importance. But the conditions for the devel- .
statistical; the author's purpose being to dis-opment of certain other industrial pursuits are
cover and present the facts, be is somewhat re- excellent. Manufacturing is making progress,
luctant about drawing conclusions.
especially such as stands close to agriculture
For such a study, Professor Frederiksen is and forestry. Most important are the cream-
peculiarly well prepared. For a time he was eries, the saw-mills, and the pulp factories. The
Professor of Finance and Economics at the textile industries stand next to these.
University of Copenhagen. Several years' resi- | Particularly interesting is the chapter on
a
dence in the United States gave him an oppor- commerce and navigation. The recent progress
tunity to study industrial forces in the process of the country furnishes incontestable proof
of rapid development, and to learn a lesson in that Finland is undergoing rapid commercial
economic progress for which no other nation development. The whole foreign trade, which
affords material. It should also be added that in 1836 amounted to only eighteen millions of
none but a Scandinavian can write intelligently marks, had risen to a total of four hundred and
on the subject chosen. Finland, both in its sixty-eight millions in 1900. The commercial
geology and in its civilization, is a continuation marine is of some importance, but shows little
of the Scandinavian Peninsula. One-seventh of progress. Imports are somewhat in excess of
the population is Swedish ; and the Turanian exports.
Finns have, after many centuries of Swedish On the whole, the author seems satisfied that
rule and civilizing influence, become largely the people of Finland are rapidly learning to put
Scandinavian in their manner of living and to the best use all the resources that nature has
thinking. One who knows the rural problems bestowed on their land. Education is general;
of the Northern Kingdoms understands some agriculture and the industrial arts show a con-
thing of the conditions prevailing across the siderable advancement; trade is increasing,
border. It should be added, further, that prac- and the financial situation of the country is
tically all the available information as to the excellent. As to the Russianization of the
social and economic state of this part of the people, which many have feared, the author
Czar’s dominions is found in Swedish publica- says: “It has been well said, that the Finns,
tions. The work before us is that of a critic who for more than seven hundred years have
who both understands and sympathizes with the not been made Swedish, during centuries when
people of whom he writes.
progress was much slower, and
when the liberal
The problems discussed may be grouped into character of the Swedish government did not
three classes : agrarian, industrial, and finan. provoke any great resistance, have no need to
cial. As the Finnish population is largely fear being Russianized.”
fear being Russianized.” He does believe,
rural, agrarian conditions are discussed at con- however, that a close union with Russia in
siderable length. To the student of culture, matters of commerce and finance would prove
such subjects as rural classes and land legis- disastrous in many respects.
lation are of great interest. Here mediæval Professor Frederiksen's work appeared simul-


238
(April 1,
THE DIAL
one.
-
66
a
taneously in Danish, French, and English. dying of disappointed affection ; with Theo-
It must be said of the English version, which phrastus and his case of devil-possession ; with
is evidently the author's own, that it admits of the story of Apollos, Joseph's tutor, and his
much improvement. The revision of his En- marvellous escape from pirates; and with other
glish critic can hardly have been a thorough things similar and dissimilar. Philander and
LAURENCE M. LARSON. Eugenius fall in love with the beauteous Anna,
sister of Joseph, and become deadly rivals. In
the end, their father arrives from England,
grants them his forgiveness, and helps arrange
A ROMANCE ASCRIBED TO MILTON.* their love-troubles, - this being rendered easy
In 1648 there was printed in London a prose by the discovery of another sister, Joanna,
romance of anonymous authorship written in equally beauteous.
.
Latin, and entitled “Nova Solymæ Libri Sex." Having thus obtained their father's consent, and
It fell unnoticed from the press, and unnoticed arranged between themselves which sister they should each
has it remained for two hundred and fifty sisters] and told their love. Politian asked for Anna,
choose, they went to Jacob [father of Joseph and the
years, until now in the fulness of time, under
and Eugenius for Joanna, as their respective brides.
the pious and enthusiastic if somewhat effusive “ The sisters were all this time quite unaware of what
care of an English clergyman, the Reverend was being arranged; but with their father's advice and
Walter Begley, it is again brought before the
their brother's persuasion, and the delicate and loving
attention of the two really very good-looking young
world, - butonly in an English translation, and
men, they were not long in yielding consent. They soon
loaded down with polemical and opinionative began to feel Love's ardent passion themselves, and.
editorial annotation.
burned with mutual fires."*
The story is a simple one, and, stripped of its The narrative ends with marriage bells.
didactic inter-chapters, could be reprinted in
a hundred pages.
The story is but a framework and bait. Tbe.
Two young Englishmen, real thing is the didactic matter which accom-
Politian and Eugenius, brothers and students panies it. Some of it is interesting. The au.
at Cambridge, run away from home and go thor is evidently a man of high intelligence and
upon their travels. In Italy they fall in with a
high ideas. What he has to say on such sub-
talented and cultivated young Jew, Joseph, also jects as Education (e.g., vol. I., pp. 235 ff.),
upon his travels, but who has met with misad- Poetry (I., 260 ff.), and Metaphysics (II., 9 ff.),
venture, Him they befriend, and in his com-
and his ideas on Life and Conduct (I., 83, 87,
pany visit his native place, the New Jerusalem, 90 ff., II., 96, 102 ff., 120 ff.),—these passages
now recovered and occupied by the race of
are all worth close attention. But the book as.
converted Jews. During their long sojourn
a whole cannot be called a great work. It is
here, there is opportunity for interminable
not so good as Sidney's “ Arcadia,”— but that,
talk. The modern reader will sometimes be
of course, is not primarily didactic. It is of
interested ; more often, I fear, however wide
sterner stuff than Lyly's “ Euphues,"
Euphues," — but
his interests, he will be bored. If he is de-
that has the advantage of time and language
voted to seventeenth-century theology, he may and historical curiosity.
pull through. The talk is partly the relation
It has pleased the editor and translator to
of past adventures, in part the antecedents
attribute the work to Milton. It may be so.
or "argument” of the story, dealing, inter I have not yet seen any reason for believing
“
alia, with Sicilian banditti; with the episode that attribution impossible. But the positive
of Philander-Philippina, daughter of a Sicilian
nobleman, who out of love for Joseph dis- singularly unconvincing. The gist of them
arguments for Milton's authorship are to me
guises herself as a man and follows him to the
seems to be given in the editor's wondering ex-
New Jerusalem, here being persecuted with the
clamation, “Who else in the period was capable
love of Antonia, a wanton widow, and finally of producing such a work ?" I do not know.
* Nova SOLYMA, THE IDEAL CITY; or, Jerusalem Re- I should want to search through my Fuller,
gained. An Anonymous Romance written in the time of
my Aubrey, and my Cooper's “ Athenæ Can-
Charles I. Now first drawn from obscurity, and attributed
to the illustrious John Milton. With Introduction, Transla-
tabrigienses,” before indulging in much guess-
tion, Literary Essays, and a Bibliography, by the Rev. Walter ing. Perhaps Cowley, perbaps Sir Henry
Begley. [The original text not given, except in a few speci-
men pages.] New York: Imported by Charles Scribner's *I do not cite this as non-Miltonic and evidence against his
authorship.- F. I. C.
Song.


1903.)
239
THE DIAL
strat
a
-
Wotton (but he died long before 1648, and ment is unmethodical, rambling, shifty, and
there would be other antecedent improbabili perplexing, although honest and frank; while
;
ties), perhaps Phineas Fletcher; hardly James his annotations, like those of the late Dr.
Shirley ; perhaps one of the Cambridge Pla- Grosart, to whom this editor bears some re-
tonists, like More; perhaps, as has been sug- semblance, are often irrelevant, cheap, thin, and
gested, some learned Quaker of the age; or, intrusive. So that he has encumbered his text
just possibly, some converted Hebrew living in far more than he has elucidated it. I suspect
England. But more likely it was none of these him of being a Baconion (cf. II., 10n, 21, 342),
(there are strong objections to each), but some - and we all know how the minds of those who
unnamed buried genius of unknown class and believe that Bacon wrote Shakespeare are likely
conditions. As in the case of the numerous to work. Moreover, this publication is not com-
Elizabethan plays of anonymous authorship, plete as it stands. How well could we bave
the probability is that the work was by no spared, for the sake of a reprint of the original
well-known hand, but is merely a gem from the Latin text along with the translation, all of the
dark unfathomed caves of ocean. From in- editor's creeping and intrusive notes and ex-
ternal evidence (in no point absolutely de- cursuses ! Again, in parts the translation is.
cisive), he was probably a schoolmaster, or at abridged without due notice to the reader
least an educator," a Cambridge man, an ac- (e.g. II., 14 ff., 60, etc.).
)
complished Latinist, a political idealist, but also I find myself disagreeing with Mr. Begley's
something of a political conservative (cf. I., arguments and methods in so many points that
300,- I am not sure that this is Miltonic), a it is quite impossible to go into the matter in
Puritan only in the moral sense, - hardly so this
space.
Those who wish to test one or two
politically, — and something of a metaphysician of them are invited soberly and critically to
and theologian.
inspect what they will find, for example, at vol.
The book as a whole shows none of Milton's I., pp. 58 bot. — 59 top (contrast the famous-
-
.
architectonic power or of his skill as a literary passage on books in Milton's “ Areopagitica"),
craftsman. The editor thinks that it has the 171n1, 243n (compare Elyot, Mulcaster, etc.,
air of a belated college exercise, or that it dates on Education), and vol. II., 14n2, 53n, and
from the Horton years. To tell the truth, one 2071 (the boomerang or semicircular argu-
does not expect so much didacticism from the ment), and 320 ff. (a whole series of arguments
.
Milton of this period, — certainly not so much that need strict verification and careful re-con-
in connection with a creative and narrative sideration and evaluation).
theme like this. The Autocriticon, or Preface Finally, I may note in passing that one prose
(II., 244; cf. I., 298 ff.) does not sound to romance of the period, neglected by all literary
me like Milton, nor does the passage on horse historians, is also omitted from the editor's list
manship (II., 1), nor that on suicide (II., of the very few English prose romances of the
17 — cf. Par. Lost, X, 998 ff.), nor various first half of the seventeenth century, and that
others.
is Thomas Gainsford's "Historie of Trebizond,"
The question of the authorship of this work, 1616. Gainsford's romance I hope before long
or rather the question of its Miltonic author- to discuss more at length.
ship is one of so much importance for literary
FREDERIC IVES CARPENTER.
history that one cannot but hope that some
competent philologer or some budding Bentley
will take it in hand and sift the evidence ac-
MR. EDWARD HUTTON is the author of a book on “Italy
and the Italians" (Dutton), which is delightfully dis-
cording to strict rule and method. As it is left
cursive reading, and which reveals a very different Italy
here, it decidedly needs sifting.
from that which is discovered by the ordinary tourist.
And now I shall have to say a word about “ For your soul's safety you dare not look for Italy in
this edition and its editor. His task has been
Baedeker" is the adjuration that confronts us on an
a pious task, and one of large labor. With all sonality upon this book, which gives zest to our reading,
early page. The author has impressed a distinct per-
its defects, he has conferred a service for which
and makes us tolerant of views that should properly
he deserves the gratitude of all students of excite indignation. For be is at heart a reactionary,
seventeenth-century literature. He shows wide seeing only the sordid and vulgar aspects of the modern
kingdom, and his ideal is some sort of a reunion of
reading in remote and unknown authors. His
church and state. The greater part of the volume con-
translation is fluent and readable. But his
sists of separate chapters upon a score or more of the
book is badly planned ; his philological argu- Italian cities.
9


240
(April 1,
THE DIAL
66
9)
66
8
RECENT FICTION.*
warning, le cléricalisme, voilà l'ennemi. This
mode of attack will give much offense to moderate
After a considerable delay, owing both to the souls, and is only to be justified as a legitimate
length of the work and the difficulty of translation, polemic arising from the exigencies of a particular
the English version of Zola’s “ Vérité” has at last situation, and designed to further a specific artistic
made its appearance.
* Truth,” it will be remem- purpose. The book is very long and very repeti-
bered, is the third of the four gospels according to tious, yet its earnestness and its noble idealism save
Zola. “Fruitfulness” and “ Labor"
were its
pre- it from becoming wearisome, and carry us through
decessors in the series ; “Justice” was to have been
its six hundred pages without much deadening of
its successor. The present work was barely com- our interest. In the deeply-felt preface with which
pleted when the author made his abrupt and tragic Mr. Vizetelly introduces his translation, the author
exit from the stage of life, and the final work which is spoken of as “ Rousseau's foremost descendant,"
was to have constituted the keystone of the arch and his three gospels are said to occupy a place
was left unshaped. We are told that it would have
in the thought of to-day comparable to that occu-
dealt with the ideal of justice in a large way, with pied a hundred years ago by the three great works
“social justice, equity as between class and class, of Rousseau. This comparison is not altogether
man and man.” Lacking that consummation of a strained, for education and the constitution of so-
noble undertaking, we must be contented to accept ciety are the essential themes of both writers alike,
* Vérité" as the apotheosis of both truth and justice, and both bring to bear upon
them an immense emo-
for the work is consecrated to both these ideals in
tional force. Rousseau believed with all his soul
about equal measure. Its main theme is the Dreyfus that the regeneration of society must be brought
affair transformed. The church is the subject of about by a rationalization of the educational pro-
attack, not the army, and for this reason the abom-
cess, and this is the programme which is preached
inable crime which affords the basis of the story is with prophetic fervor by Zola's “ Vérité.” One
committed by an ecclesiastic instead of by an army
passage may be selected from the many of similar
officer. The scapegoat victim is a Jewish school.
import to serve as an illustration.
master whose trial, conviction, and subsequent re-
“The village was so small that Marc's doings could not at-
habilitation follow the chief lines of the Dreyfus tract much attention, and thus he was able to pursue his
tragedy. Being a Jew, the victim draws upon him- . methods without any great interference. As a first step, he
self all the fury of the anti-Semitic agitation; be-
again got rid of all religious emblems, all pictures, copy
ing a schoolmaster, bis condemnation is symbolical | umphant, and in which war, massacre, and rapine appeared
books, and books in which the supernatural was shown tri-
of the suppression of truth by all the forces of super-
as ideals of power and beauty. He considered that it was &
stition and obscurantism. In his dealings with the crime to poison a lad's brain with a belief in miracles, and to
church, the author does not mince matters.
He
set brute force, assassination, and theft in the front rank as
makes it the implacable enemy of enlightenment
manly and patriotic duties. Such teaching could only pro-
duce imbecile enertia, sudden criminal frenzy, iniquity, and
and human civilization ; he amplifies the Voltairean
wretchedness. Marc's dream, on the contrary, was to set pic-
watchword écrasez l'infâme! with a thoroughgoing tures of work and peace before his pupils, to show sovereign
zeal that would have amazed the philosopher of reason ruling the world, justice establishing brotherliness
Ferney, he repeats in a hundred forms Gambetta's among men, the ancient violence of warlike ages being con-
demned, and giving place to agreement among all nations, in
* TRUTH (VÉRITÉ). By Emile Zola. Translated by order that they might arrive at the greatest possible happi-
Ernest A. Vizetelly. New York: John Lane.
ness. And having rid his class of the poisonous ferments of
LADY Rose's DAUGHTER. By Mrs. Humphry Ward. the past, Marc particularly instructed his pupils in civic mor-
New York: Harper & Brothers.
ality, striving to make each a citizen well informed about his
THE CIRCLE. By Katherine Cecil Thurston. New York:
country, and able to serve and love it, without setting it apart
Dodd, Mead & Co.
from the rest of mankind. Marc held that France ought no
MARIELLA; OF OUT-West. By Ella Higginson. Now
longer to dream of conquering the world by arms, but rather
York: The Macmillan Co.
by the irresistible force of ideas, and by setting an example of
THE SOCIALIST AND THE PRINCE. By Mrs. Fremont
so much freedom, truth, and equity that she would deliver
Older. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Co.
all other countries and enjoy the glory of founding with them
VERONICA. By Martha W. Austin. New York: Double-
the great confederation of free and brotherly nations."
day, Page & Co.
We have thought more than once, while under
THE Pit. A Story of Chicago. By Frank Norris. New the spell of Zola's superb conception of what a
York: Doubleday, Page & Co.
school can accomplish for its community, of Herr
ROGER DRAKE, CAPTAIN OF INDUSTRY. By Henry Kit-
chell Webster, New York: The Macmillan Co.
Björnson's treatment of the same theme in his
GABRIEL TOLLIVER. A Story of Reconstruction. By
great novel, “Flags are Flying in Town and
Joel Chandler Harris. New York: McClure, Phillips & Co.
Harbor,” a work which will be remembered along
THE PRIDE OF TELLFAIR. By Elmore Elliott Peake. with “ Vérité,” among the forceful educational
New York: Harper & Brothers.
writings of our time long after the books have lost
FOR A MAIDEN BRAVE. By Chauncy C. Hotchkiss. New
most of their interest as works of fiction. Just
York: D. Appleton & Co.
CALVERT OF STRATHORE. By Carter Goodloe. New
now, indeed, “ Vérité" will find its chief interest
York: Charles Scribner's Song.
for readers in its enforcement of the lessons that
LOYAL TRAITORS. A Story of Friendship for the Filipinos.
France has learned, and other nations as well,
By Raymond L. Bridgman. Boston: James H. West Co. from the case of Alfred Dreyfus. Zola has ex-
66


1903.)
241
THE DIAL
a
-
-
>
pressed a fundamental truth in his saying that cessful, it is in the delineation of her men. A
“one single act of injustice may suffice for a whole wickedly disposed critic might describe the hero as
nation to be stricken with dementia and slowly die.” “blameless prig,” and one could not defend him
Thoughtful Americans should find in this book a against the charge with complete success. Nor are
much-needed lesson for our own country. Mr. the other men who figure in the story as vitally
Vizetelly says in his preface: “The world has realized as we might wish, for even Mrs. Ward
known greater deeds of injustice than the Dreyfus cannot escape the natural limitations of her sex.
case, but never has it known and
may
it never
The central situation about which the novel is con-
again know — such a widespread exhibition of structed has clearly been suggested by the eigh-
mendacity, both so unscrupulous and so persevering, teenth century model of Mme. Du Deffand and
.
attended too by the most amazing credulity on the Mlle. l'Espinasse. It is the direct transfer of his-
part of nine-tenths of the French nation.” We are tory to fiction to represent Lady Henry, old and
compelled to say in all soberness that a very fair blind, as employing Miss Le Breton for a reader and
a
parallel to this case is offered by our own treatment companion, to picture the brilliant salon sustained
of the Philippine iniquities. There is the same empty by the help of the younger woman, to describe the
.
declamation about the honor of the army, the same ensuing jealousy and inevitable rupture, and to set
unscrupulous official mendacity, and the same de- forth the resulting alignment of the opposing forces.
termination to suppress the truth and pervert the But Mrs. Ward has shaped the historical sugges-
ends of justice. Unfortunately, we have thus far tion to her own modern purposes, and we should be
found no champion of truth and jastice to compel simply thankful that the actual past has afforded
her happy .
the moral revulsion in which is our only hope of " The Circle," by Mrs. Katherine Cecil Thurston,
national salvation. The nation that can condone is a novel upon the following text: “In youth we
the murder of a Father Augustine — to mention dream that life is a straight line; later we know it
but a single instance - or remain unaroused by to be a circle in which the present presses on the
such a crime, is debarred from any condemnation future, the future on the past." The heroine is a
of the treatment of Alfred Dreyfus by our sister girl of genius, the daughter of a Russian Jew who
,
republic, or from any participation in the sympa- has found a refuge in England and who dreams
thies to which “ Vérité" gives such profound and away his life in a musty curio shop in London. The
forceful expression.
capabilities of the girl are discovered by a woman
Those readers who dislike sociological and relig- of keen perceptions for the unusual in character and
ious discussion in their fiction will find no cause to intellect, who persuades her to desert her humble
complain of “Lady Rose's Daughter," the latest home, and fit herself for a brilliant career. Several
novel by Mrs. Humphry Ward. It is a story with- years pass, and when we next meet the heroine, she
out a touch of formal didacticism, and its charm is has become an emotional actress of European fame.
of a nature to disarm even such an irreconcilable In the height of her success, she meets a man of
as Mr. Andrew Lang. It is just a novel, and strong character who wins her love, not knowing her
nothing more, a novel committed to no propaganda, real name or her public position. By an accident,
and aiming at artistic effect alone. Its charm is he has become acquainted with the history of the
not easy of analysis, for there is nothing partic-actress, including her desertion of her childhood
ularly striking in the types of character pre- home, and, not dreaming that the woman he loves
sented, or in the invention of the plot. Such men is the very person in question, tells her the whole
and women figure in bundreds of current novels ; story as an illustration of the worthlessness of
such relations as exist between them are the stock womankind. This makes explanation difficult, and
possession of writers of fiction. But the art is of she continues to conceal her identity, although she
a nature to compel our almost unqualified admira- had just been on the point of revealing it. It also
tion, and we doubt if any other woman now living arouses her dormant conscience, and sends her back
is capable of so subtle and sympathetic a series of to the shop to make what atonement she may,
and
studies in personality, of so unerring an artistic to comfort the last days of her aged father. The
sense in every minute detail, or of such graceful, lover, filled with remorse when he discovers what he
balanced, and, when the occasion requires it, im- has done, seeks her out, and urges his claims with
passioned prose narrative. Certainly, this com- an ardor which eventually wins her for good. The
bination of qualities is most extraordinary, and, in leading situations are strained, and the difficulties
the present instance, must be regarded as the fine to be overcome are mostly artificial, but the story
flower of long years of a conscientious endeavor to is well-planned and straightforward, and makes an
attain perfection of workmanship. We feel safe impression of originality and force.
in saying that no earlier book of Mrs. Ward's pre- Mrs. Ella Higginson is favorably known to our
sents us with so masterly an example of portraiture public as the author of some short stories and a
as is given us in her latest heroine, or pages of such volume of rather remarkable verse. She represents
grave beauty as those in which are set the Italian the far Northwest—the Puget Sound country-in
and Swiss scenes that come near the close of the our imaginative literature, and may almost be said
novel. If in any respect she is relatively unsuc- to have annexed this region to the literary map. Her
a


-242
(April 1,
THE DIAL
&
a
>
a
a
a
new novel, “Mariella; of Out-West,” is her most gives it to a friend of her youth, who proves utterly
ambitious undertaking thus far, and is a strong unworthy, then she fancies that she has transferred
work of well-sustained interest. The heroine is a it to a casual acquaintance into whose society she is
high-strung passionate girl, with an intense love for thrown during a Northern visit, but soon discovers
nature, whose social environment is of the most un- that she has been mistaken. Finally, she lavishes
promising sort. We follow her career from child. it upon a youth whom accident has brought near
hood to that fruition of a maiden's dreams that her Lousiana home, but he is a consumptive, and
·comes with realized love and the sweeping away of dies just when the affections of the heroine seem to
the obstacles in its path. For a long time her con- have found a lasting abiding place. So the story
science stands in the way, for she deems herself ends by saying: “And once more Veronica began
pledged to the faithful but unlettered rustic whose her life.” We hope that she did not make such a
doglike devotion has been offered her from her mess of the rest of it. There is a certain delicacy in
early school-days. This knot is finally cut by an style and characterization that saves the book from
act of sublime renunciation on his part, when he being as futile as it is inconclusive ; but it is ob-
learns that she has given her heart to another, and he viously the work of an amateur, and would hardly
persuades her to believe that his own affections have be worth considering did it not hold out some
grown cold. In the delineation of Mariella's par- promise of future performance. There are some
ents and of most of the other characters with whom curious slips indicative of ignorance or careless
her sensitive nature is brought into close association, proof-reading, or both. There is no “Siegurd” in
we are provided with the sharpest of contrasts, and the Wagnerian music-drama, the hero of “Romola”
no touch of meanness and vulgarity is spared. The is not “Melemma,” Goethe never wrote of a “ Land
only thing that redeems this picture of sordid life wo die Citronen blumen,” and a man is certainly
is the genuine humor with which it is realized. In not an "anthropod.” We are very curious to know
this combination of a humorous insight into common by what mental process this last word was shaped.
life with the intense fundamental seriousness of the Why a man should say “ most of us anthropods
work we are irresistibly reminded of the power dis- is a dark mystery that we do not pretend to clear up.
played in “The Mill on the Floss.” This sugges- The ambitious purpose of the late Frank Norris
tion may be taken for what it is worth ; it is not to write “the epic of the wheat” in a series of three
meant to imply anything more than that Mrs. Hig- novels must now remain unfulfilled. The plan of
ginson's book is distinctly out of the common. this trilogy, it will be remembered, was to embrace
Another far Western story, the work of Mrs. the production of the world's chief food staple, its
Fremont Older, is based upon Kearney's “gand- marketing in the great central city of America, and
·lot” agitation of the San Francisco of the seven- its consumption in some far-off region of Europe.
ties. Since that pestiferous demagogue could by no The first of these pictures we had, in “The Octopus,"
possibility be made the hero of a romantic tale, the and reviewed at the time of its appearance; the
anthor has substituted for him a figure of her own second we now have, in “ The Pit”; the third we
devising, one Paul Stryne of mysterious antece- shall never have, although we know that it was to
-dents, who makes himself, by force of eloquence be called “The Wolf,” and may well believe that it
and sincerity, a leader of the laboring masses in offered to the novelist a finer opportunity than either
*California, and comes near to effecting a political of the other two. “ The Pit” is called “ a story of
revolution. His relations with a woman, the daugh. Chicago,” but one must not hastily infer that the
ter of a local magnate, prove his downfall when suc- suggestion of the title is scriptural, for by it nothing
cess is just within his grasp, for they drag him into more sinister or infernal is meant than the wheat-
a duel which has the most disastrous results for market, with its speculative fever and frenzied
his political fortunes. This story is called “ The conflict. As far as the story has private interest,
Socialist and the Prince." Stryne is the socialist, both central situation and moral are familar enough.
,
and the Prince is his rival in the capricious affec- Charles Dudley Warner's novels, and those of many
tions of the fair Theodosia. He seems to be a other writers, have preached effectively upon the
genuine Italian aristocrat, and yet he says " buona same text. But the author has arrived at something
nuota,'
,” which is a suspicious circumstance. He more than private interest, for he has sought to
certainly knows how to make love in truly Southern dramatize the clash of commercial arms and the
fashion, although his rival is not to be despised as a shock of speculative battle, giving to the impersonal
practitioner of the same art. The story is almost forces brought into play the principal share of our at-
pure melodrama, but has a good deal of spirited tention. We cannot say that the attempt has been
action, and is not without historical value in its de. altogether successful. In this respect “ The Pit”
piction of the California of the past generation. seems less successful than “ The Octopus ” was, and
Louisiana is the principal scene of "Veronica,” a it was only a very qualified praise that we were able
study of temperament by a new writer, Miss Martha to bestow upon that earlier work. Both books are
W. Austin. It is a love story as far as it is a story strained, turgid, and unconvincing. The posthu-
at all, but little happens that is worth mentioning. mous book, moreover, shows signs of hurried writ-
Veronica is a young woman who has a great deal ing, and has evidently lacked the revision that the
of love to bestow upon somebody. At first she author would have given it had be lived.


1903.)
243
THE DIAL
But we
Mr. Henry Kitchell Webster is another novelist tion, the scene being Long Island and New York,
who seeks his themes in the strenuous business life the time 1778. Although the story has this histor-
of today. His “ Roger Drake, Captain of Industry ical background, its interest is essentially private,
is a capital story of its kind; the material is well for it is chiefly concerned with a plot to dispossess
under control, and the plot is skilfully managed. It the hero of an estate willed him by his uncle. The
does not attempt to do so big a thing as is attempted life of the hero is sought by the plotters, and, when
in “ The Pit,” and it seems to us, in
consequence
of they fancy they hare disposed of him, the uncle be-
this restraint, the better novel of the two.
comes their object of attack. It is needless to say
are deeply suspicious of all these attempts to base that all these villainies are thwarted, and that a
works of fiction upon the money-making motive. surprising series of adventures is contrived for both
Balzac did it successfully, because he was a genius hero and heroine before they are permitted to reach
of the first rank, but our recent American efforts a peaceful haven. The novel is neither better nor
in this direction seem to be little more than a worse than fifty others of similar character that we
sort of journalism, and none of them possess the have read during the past few years.
elements of permanent interest.
In taking up
“ Calvert of Strathore” we turn
We have had several good novels of the recon- from the American to the French Revolution, and
struction period of late years, among which Mr. the two upheavals are brought into close relation-
Page's “Red Rock” is probably the best. By the ship by the American characters who chiefly figure
side of that masterpeice we must now place “ Ga- in the story. Jefferson and Morris play important
briel Tolliver,” the most extended work of fiction parts, for the scene opens with the early days of
that has been attempted by Mr. Joel Chandler 1789, when Jefferson is still at his post as Minister
Harris. The strength of this work is in its delin- of the Confederation, and just before the formal
eation of the types of character, black and white, inauguration of the new United States government.
that were to be found in rural Alabama in the sixties. A young friend of the minister, after being gradu-
Here Mr. Harris has for his only serious rival the ated from Princeton, comes to Paris to serve him
late Colonel Johnston, and the two men have in as a confidential secretary, and the romance is thus
common the same eye for individual idiosyncrasies supplied with a hero. This youth, whose name is
and the same sense of genial humor. The plot of the title of the book, has an engaging personality,
“Gabriel Tolliver” is of the simplest kind. There and falls in love with an aristocratic French maiden
is the love story of Gabriel and Nan, the arrest of who at first rebuffs him, and finally succumbs. The
Gabriel on a false charge supported by an unfortu- story carries us on through the days of the States
nate array of circumstantial evidence, his rescue by General and Legislative Assembly down to the death
an ingenious device, and the eventual union with his of the Swiss guards, and presents the history of this
sweetheart. There are numerous minor complica- period in epitome. The history is no doubt excel-
tions, involving the other personalities concerned, and lent, but there is too much of it, and the private
the total effect of the story is to give us an intimate romantic interest for which alone such a story as
picture of life in the country town where the action this exists is fairly swamped. We leave the hero
takes place. The problem of reconstruction is rep- and the heroine just as they are starting to make a
resented by a carpet-bagger whose death we hardly new home in Virginia.
regret, and the measures taken by the Knights of The book with which we close the present review
the White Camellia to persuade his deluded negro is a story of contemporary history, being concerned
followers that they had better leave politics alone. with our relations to the Pacific islands which the
The charm of this book is very evident, but it is the nation claims by the questionable rights of purchase
charm of a series of episodes and character sketches and conquest. It is called “Loyal Traitors,” and
rather than of a narrative of continuous interest. is the work of Mr. Raymond L. Bridgman. It is
“ The Pride of Tellfair,” by Mr. Elmore Elliott an appeal, in the form of fiction, to our national
Peake, is a novel which depicts the life of a country conscience, and is intended to open blind or averted
town in Illinois with sympathy and fidelity. It is eyes to the hypocritical and otherwise un-American
a story of strictly private interest, with a consider- policy which we are now pursuing toward the hap-
able variety of characters, the minor types being less inhabitants of the Philippine archipelago. Such
drawn with almost as much care as those with whom appeals are much needed, and will continue to be
the reader is chiefly concerned. So skilful and con- made by men who are jealous for the fair fame of
scientious a piece of work is not often met with in our country, for the question at issue is too moment-
the hurried production of to-day, and the result is ous to be lost sight of, or to lapse into the limbo of
surprisingly interesting, when we consider the un- indifference. Like the question of slavery, which in
promising nature of the material offered. Were its fundamental aspects it so much resembles, it will
there exhibited a little more of humorous detach- never be settled until it is settled in accordance with
ment, we should be tempted to class the author with the principles upon which our true national great-
Mr. Howells, or at least to say that he was following ness is founded. As long as we continue to govern
close upon the footsteps of the older novelist. an alien people without their consent, and to with-
“For a Maiden Brave," by Mr. Chauncy C. hold from them the basic guaranties of individual
Hotchkiss, is a romance of the American Revolu- liberty which were won for us by our own ancestors at
a
а


244
(April 1,
THE DIAL
so great a cost, there will be voices raised in protest the dangers encountered, the difficulties met and
against so indefensible a course, and against the evil surmounted, the lonely, mystical, and sometimes
counsellors who have committed us to it for the time mysterious life, the rich'prizes often secured, and the
being. Mr. Bridgman's voice has the ringing quality prices paid therefor in illness, in anguish, and occa-
that comes from absolute conviction of the justice sionally in loss of life itself; all these which furnish
of his cause, and his work is an effective tract in the burden of many a romantic novel, are here
the propaganda of anti-imperialism. Unfortunately, coolly set down as the simple facts of daily life, and
it is not a work of imaginative art, and is conse- in number sufficient to furnish the basis for count.
quently not of a nature to repeat the moral success less romances. Apparently, the author has turned
of “ Uncle Tom's Cabin.” Moreover, the author over to the public the abundant riches of a well-
has taken a course calculated to alienate from his filled portfolio of border sketches. The white
cause many wavering sympathies. His hero is an trapper followed hard upon the footsteps of the
American who not only speaks and writes in behalf aboriginal Indian, preceding the pioneer explorer
of the Filipinos, but who actually joins them in often by many years. The picture of the trapper's
arms against his own country. This may be severely toils and troubles is therefore a distinctive picture,
logical, but it implies a misdirection of zeal. He and one whose outlines, if not preserved now, would
furthermore weakens his case by dragging in the soon have been lost forever. It seems scarcely
war in South Africa, which offers no parallel at all credible that a woman should be able to fill in such
to our war in the Philippines. It is quite possible a picture from her own personal sketches; yet Miss
to justify the course of England in Africa without Laut claims to have been so far a part of the wild
in any way palliating the conduct of the United
existence she portrays, as to be able to speak of her
States government toward the unfortunate people own knowledge as to much that she narrates, and to
whom we have subjugated. Consequently, in spite have had the opportunity on the very ground to dis-
of our sympathy with Mr. Bridgman's purpose, and cover the truth as to much which she learned from
our belief in the justice of the cause for which he tradition. Whosoever would know of the acute
pleads, we cannot help regarding this book as an ill- perils of the bear hunt and of encounter with a
considered production, and one that cannot alto- pack of hungry wolves, of the mode of life of the
gether be counted upon to further the righting of our beaver, the musk-rat, and other aquatic animals,
great national wrong.
of the thieving propensities of wolverine, coyote,
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE. and wild-cat, and of all the minutiæ which go to
fill up the daily round of the frontier trapper and
help him swell the proceeds of his athletic and
engrossing vocation, will find the account here given,
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
though often disconnected, always deeply inter-
esting.
A new phase of the modern exploit-
Pioneering in
ation of the experiences of the pio-
“The Reaction in France,” first pub-
neers upon our western frontier, is France after lished in 1874, is the third section of
presented in “The Story of the Trapper” (Apple-
the Revolution.
« Main Currents in Nineteenth Cen-
ton), by Miss A. C. Laut. This author is already tury Literature,” by Dr. Georg Brandes. It now
favorably known by her dashing romantic novel, appears as a volume of the English translation of this
“ The Lords of the North.” In that narrative, the great work (Macmillan). The reaction concerned
warp of a fictitious plot was skilfully interwoven is, of course, from the radicalism and subversive
with the woof of the bistory of the struggles and the temper of the Revolution, and is typified by such
contests, often armed, between rival fur-companies, men as Chateaubriand and Joseph de Maistre.
for supremacy in the fur-bearing regions of western After the introductory historical chapters on the
North America ; and the weaving was so skilful as Revolution, the Concordat, and the principle of
to embarrass the reader who should endeavor to authority, the author states his main thesis in these
distinguish fact from fancy. For that reason, terms:
doubtless, many readers have been unwilling to “By sounding here and sounding there, and everywhere
credit that romance with any basis of historic truth. coming upon the same fundamental thought, we have dis-
covered what was the ruling idea of the new period. It may
In “The Story of the Trapper” many of the start-
be called by many names. It is the great principle of ex-
ling incidents of the novel appear among the cold ternality, as opposed to that of inward, personal feeling and
facts of the fur-hunter's life. We are here furnished private investigation ; it is the great principle of theocracy, of
;
a brief sketch of the rival efforts of fur companies
the sovereignty of God, as opposed to the sovereignty of the
to control the rich trade of the far West, and their
people; it is the principle of authority and power, as opposed
to the principle of liberty, of human rights, and of human in-
alternative triumphs and defeats, accompanied by
terdependence. And when we examine the life of the day in
graphic descriptions of the toils, hardships, and suf- all its various developments, we everywhere find the same
ferings of individual trappers and classes or bands watchword and the same white flag. The fundamental idea
of trappers. The wildest forms of strenuous life
sets its mark upon everything."
for civilized men, or for men who have once been This volume, then, is a study of the rise of the prin-
civilized, are here portrayed. The devices adopted, I ciple of authority from the ruins of the Revolution,
the wild West.
Literature in
66
>


1903.)
245
THE DIAL
Mont Pelée and
the
of its growing ascendency and temporary suprem- Josiah Quincys, and embellished with the portraits
acy, of its disintegration and final downfall. This of demure damsels in several generations, each
is clearly one of the most distinctly defined acts in the named “ Dorothy Q.” The singular fact is noted
drama of modern intellectual development. Нау. in these pages, that while in most great families the
ing cleared his ground by a bistorical survey, Dr. descent is from sire to son, in this exceptional family
Brandes devotes the central section of his book to the descent has been from 'Siah to 'Siah. Time has
special studies of Chateaubriand, de Maistre, Bonald, not operated to excuse the sons of this Massachu-
Madame de Krüdener, and the earlier phases of setts town from public service, and the narrative
Lamartine and Hugo. Then follows a chapter on illustrates the prominence and the conspicuous work
“ Love in the Literature of the Period,” with illus- of the Adamses and Hoars and Quincys who are
trations from Chateaubriand, Madame de Krüdener, our contemporaries. The friendly and sympathetic
and Lamartine, and the work closes with three spirit which brightens every page shows that the
chapters on the dissolution of the principle of au- preservation and publication of these Ana has been
thority in both the theoretical and the practical a labor of love with the author.
spheres, and the collapse of the reaction under
the influence of such men as Lamennais, Courier,
Although several books on the same
the tragedy of
Béranger, and the later Hugo. The spirit of ro-
absorbing topic have preceded Pro-
Martinique.
fessor Angelo Heilprin's “Mont
manticism was stirring in the French intellect, and
the principle that had held sway for a generation
Pelée and the Tragedy of Martinque” (Lippin.
had lost its power to repress the natural reason and
cott), none of them has had the benefit of the same
imagination. This volume is one of the most deeply
study and preparation that have gone to the mak-
interesting of the entire series to which it belongs,
ing of this large and handsome work. The author
and displays to the best advantage that large out-
reached the unhappy island on the 25th of May
look upon life and thought which is characteristic
last two weeks and a half after the catastrophe,
of the author, and which has earned for him his
—and found, instead of the beautiful tropical
distinguished place among European critics.
island of the books," a withered piece of the earth
that seemed to be just emerging from chaos." He
Quincy, Mass.,
A free-banded and gossippy recital of
remained, with a brief intermission, until Septem-
and its famous the local history, family traditions, ber was well begun, engaged in investigation and
group of patriols. anecdotes, and memorabilia of a well- exploration, the numerous photographs he took
known Massachusetts town (Quincy) makes up forming the illustrations for the present volume.
content of a creditable volume at the hands of Mr. The mystery of this dire tragedy lies largely in the
Daniel Munro Wilson, entitled “Where American wave of destruction that swept down from the vol.
Independence Began” (Houghton). This title is cano upon the people of St. Pierre on the 8th
ill-advised and misleading; its place would have of May, leaving but two survivors out of the thou-
been better filled by the sub-title, “Quincy: Its sands who were in its course. In this wave, which
Famous Group of Patriots, their Deeds, Homes, and was seen from points of vantage and scientific ob-
Descendants.' The author suggests, and appears servatories as “a great black cloud” issuing from
to insist, that American independence was born in the mountain and rolling down its slopes into the
Braintree (from which town Quincy was afterward sea, there were “light detonations” observed, but
set off), with the birth of John Adams, in 1737. no flame until its passage over the city had set the
But this boast does not come with the authority of buildings afire. It was of force sufficient to wrest
John Adams himself, and probably never would the strongest edifices of St. Pierre from their
have had his countenance; for he himself declared, foundations, and leave them, iron-work and all,
as Mr. Wilson does not omit to recite, that “the mere crumbled ruins ; yet long clay pipes were
child Independence was born" in 1761, with the found hanging where they had been exposed for sale
argument of James Otis in opposition to the Writs without damage. It burned the bodies of some of
of Assistance. But in spite of this extravagant those it overwhelmed, stripped others of their
claim, the book is, happily, most readable and enter- clothing, and still left a bird's plumage intact and
taining. The genealogies of the great families which paper packages of food uncharred. One of the
have been reared and have flourished in this favored survivors was Auguste Ciparis, who was at the time
town receive extended and deserved attention. The in the city jail. He was waiting for the usual
lives and careers of the Adamses and Quincys and breakfast on the 8th,” Professor Heilprin records,
Hancocks are traced for generations, and the por- “when it suddenly grew dark, and immediately
traits of successive members of these remarkable afterwards hot air, laden with ash, entered his
families adorn the pages of the narrative, inter- room through the door-grating. It came gently
spersed with views of buildings, monuments, and but fiercely. His flesh was instantly burned, and
scenery. Biographical sketches of the three great he jumped about in agony, vainly calling for help.
diplomats of as many generations of one family- The heat that scorched him was intense, but lasted
John, John Quincy, and Charles Francis Adams- for an instant only, and during that time he almost
add substantial value to the story; and there is a ceased to breathe. There was no accompanying
Quincy genealogy, exhibiting the six successive smoke, no poise of any kind, and no odor to sug-
>
66
-
-


246
(April 1,
THE DIAL
“ The Lark"
once more.
the Covenanters.
66
gest a burning gas. The hot air and ash were the and follow at a distance its checkered and trag-
working demons that tore his flesh. Ciparis was
ical career. As it is to-day, it is the most perfect
clad at that time in hat, shirt, and trousers, but his Roman theatre in existence, outranking the much
clothing did not take fire; yet beneath his shirt his better known edifice at Pompeii. Mr. Janvier puts
back was terribly burned.” The book is interesting color into his pictures, and fixes on our minds scenes
throughout, and written in a vivid and picturesque of rare beauty and romance.
style that retains a not unpleasant exotic flavor
through the occasional use of foreign idiom.
The note of
Few periodicals as short-lived as
“ The Lark” will be remembered
The Rev. Jobn Wilcock, minister
so long and so pleasantly. “The
The leader of of the Free Church at Lerwick,
Lark was issued for the fun of it; it typified
Scotland, gives us, in “The Great the play-principles in literature.
“
And because
Marquess" (imported by Scribner), a full and it represented the over-flowing exuberance of
painstaking account of the life and times, not of youth" talking right on,” we listened, caught by a
Montrose, as one might expect from the main new note, familiar enough in theory but too little
title, but of his contemporary and rival, Argyll, practiced among us staid Anglo-Saxons, who culti-
whom the author ably champions as having superior vate no art but literature and take that very ser.
claims to this designation. With Scott's “ Legend iously indeed. This note of “The Lark" dominates
of Montrose" in the other scale-pan, this learned Mr. Gelett Bargess's recently published volume of
but not equally fascinating work will hardly tip the essays, “ The Romance of the Commonplace" (Elder
balance in favor of Argyll as a popular hero, & Shepard). Some of the essays, indeed, were first
though the book is one that was well worth writing, published in that periodical; others were written
no life of the man, outside of histories and bio- for “ The Queen,” a London magazine ; but all are
graphical dictionaries, having before appeared. No alike in their convincingly optimistic attitude to-
attempt is made to settle the disputed derivation of ward every-day life, and all are interesting be-
the clan name, Campbell ; but the commonly re- cause that attitude seems so genuine. Mr. Burgess
ceived date of Argyll's birth, 1598, is by fairly con- evidently understands “The Use of Fools," and
clusive evidence shown to be wrong, and that event knows by experience the joy of “The Deserted
placed nine years later. If it be true, however, Island,” which is a new sort of Spanish castle.
that the boy accompanied his father in 1615, when For him, correspondence is a delightful game, and
the last desperate uprising of the Clandonalds was “ Dining Out” a real diversion. He does not
put down, the earlier date would seem more prob- wish to trifle with life, but he sees no harm in en-
able. But this matter is not mentioned. The really joying it, sportsmanlike, as he goes along. Only,
Socratic calm and cheerfulness with which Argyll one must take an active part in the game, not be a
faced his execution at the end, makes the reader mere spectator. “We are here not be entertained,
very willing to style him a great, if not the Great, but to entertain ourselves,” Mr. Burgess tells us.
Marquess. The book has seven portraits, abundant His enthusiasm is contagious, and his suggestions
footnotes, an appendix, and an eight-page index. about glorifying the commonplace are very refresh-
ing, if scarcely vital enough to be inspiring.
The southeastern province of France
and beauty is full of the romance of the Middle
Telepathic" or
“Can Telepathy Explain ?" is the
of Provence.
Ages. Frowning old castles and “spiritualistic" query raised by Mr. Minot J. Savage
rugged rocky hillsides tell tales of surpassing in-
in a small volume recently issued by
terest to the historian. Mr. Thomas A. Janvier Messrs. G. P. Putnam's Sons. The problem dis-
has familiarized himself with many of the thrilling cussed is whether the alleged facts of the occult
events of the past and with the quaint and homely type are better explained by the “ telepathic" or
customs of to-day in this province of sunshine, and by the spiritualistic” theory. Mr. Savage de-
“
has put them in an attractive form under the title cides in favor of the latter. The volume, brief as
“ Christmas Kalends of Provence ” (Harper), it is, is a sad piece of reading. It furnishes need- .
though this title covers but one of the three parts lessly plain evidence that the temperament and
of the book. The cutting of the yule-log and its training of the author, and his appreciation of the
conveyance to the home, the long festive days and evidential value of fact, are all so inadequate and
evenings of Christmas week, and the simplicity of distorted as to result in a presentation that would
the stories told on these occasions, give us a peep be ridiculous were it not deplorable. Such writings
into the beautiful neighborhood and home-life of do no end of harm, because they get referred to and
those simple folk. “A Feast-Day on the Rhone
.
" respected by persons who are looking about for well-
and “ The Comédie Française at Orange” are the known names to bolster personal prejudices. They
other two parts of the work.
The first gives us a do no good; for they merely confuse the questions
glimpse of a biennial pilgrimage to the Félibrige they are intended to illuminate. . As soon as the
and the Cigaliers, and the queer experiences which requirements that are necessary for one to record
charmed the pilgrims at every turn on the way; a valuable opinion upon such subjects are more gen-
and in the second part we catch a view of the erally understood, the appearance of such books as
Roman theatre of fifteen centuries ago at Orange, this will become happily rare.
The romance
occull theories.


1903.)
247
THE DIAL
NOTES.
to be issued this month by Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co.
In these essays, the author, himself a negro, has en-
deavored to “show the strange meaning of being black
here in the dawning of the Twentieth Century.” He
makes an eloquent plea for right and justice to his
people--for the spiritual uplifting of the negro as well
as for his material advancement.
1.
A new novel by Mr. Charles Warren Stoddard, en-
titled “ For the sake of his Company : A Tale of the
Misty City,” will be published at once by Mr. A. M.
Robertson of San Francisco.
The passing out of copyright of “ Elsie Venner" is
signalized by the appearance of a new and cheaper
edition of that famous novel. In its present form it is
one of the “Cambridge Classics” of Messrs. Houghton,
Mifflin & Co.
An additional Spring announcement of Messrs. Little,
Brown, & Co., is a volume entitled “Life in a New
England Town, 1787–1788," being the diary of John
Quincy Adams while a student in the office of Theo-
philas Parsons at Newburyport, edited by Mr. Charles
Francis Adams.
Mr. J. M. Dent is making as complete a collection of
the letters of Charles Lamb as possible for publication,
and will be grateful to collectors in America who will
allow him to have transcripts of their possessions made
and forwarded. Communications may be addressed to
Messrs. J. M. Dent & Co., 29 and 30 Bedford St.,
Convent Garden, London.
An exhibition of rare and choice books in fine bind-
ings, of interest to every lover and collector of fine
books, will be held by Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons
at the Auditorium, Chicago, during the afternoon of
each day from the 2nd to the 8th of this month. Ex-
amples will be shown of the work of all the best-known
American, English, and French binders.
The following books not previously included in the
Spring announcements of Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin
& Co. will be published by them this season : “ The
Correspondence between Ralph Waldo Emerson and
Herman Grimm,” ed by Mr. Frederick W. Holls;
“ The Confiscation of John Chandler's Estate," by Mr.
Andrew M. Davis ; and “Of Education," by Mr. R. R.
Bowker.
“A Midsommer Nights Dreame" is the first volume
in the “First Folio" Shakespeare, edited by Miss Char-
lotte Porter and Miss Helen A. Clarke, and published
by the Messrs. Crowell. This edition will be in as
many volumes as there are plays, and follows the folio
of 1623 in text, spelling, and punctuation. Each volume
has an introduction, copious notes, variorum readings,
a glossary, and an anthology of " selected criticism."
Recent publications of the American Book Co. in-
clude the following: “A Laboratory Manual of Phy-
sics," by Messrs. Henry C. Cheston, Philip R. Dean,
and Charles E. Timmermann ; “Botany All the Year
Round,” by Mr. E. F. Andrews ; " Language Lessons,"
by Mr. J. W. Sewell ; "Commercial German," by Mr.
Arnold Kutner; and “A School Grammar of the Eng-
lish Language,” by W. M. Baskerville and J. W. Sewell.
The recent death of Gaston Paris lends a melan-
choly interest to the little volume on “ Medivæval
French Literature," just published as a « Temple
Primer” (Macmillan). Considering its source, we need
hardly emphasize the fact that this brief treatment of
a great subject is absolutely masterly from the point of
view of the scholar, and itself the best of good litera-
ture from the point of view of those who are concerned
with such matters as style and manner of presentation.
A contribution of vital importance to current discus-
sion of the negro problem may be expected in Prof.
W. E. Burghardt Du Bois' “ The Souls of Black Folk,"
>
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
April, 1903.
Arctic, An Explorer-Naturalist in the. A. J. Stone. Scribner.
Arid Line, Pushing Back the. C. M. Harger. Rev. of Reviews
Automobile, Coming of the. Henry Norman. World's Work.
Briticisms. Brander Matthews. Harper.
Brittany, In Old. Anna S. Schmidt. Atlantic.
Butte City. Ray Standard Baker. Century.
Canada's Growing Commercial Independence. No. American.
Census-Taking, Evolution of. W. R. Merriam, Century.
Chicago, Municipal Situation in. H. P. Judson. Rev. of Revs.
Chinese Negotiations, Outcome of. Gilbert Reid. No. Amer.
Church Work, $20,000,000 for. E. M, Mills. World's Work.
Coal Strike Commission's Award. W. E. Weyl. Rev. of Revs.
Co-Education 200 Years Ago, An Instance of. Scribner.
College, What is the Best? E. G. Dexter. World's Work.
Commerce and Labor, New Department of. World's Work.
Compromise, The Foo of. W. G. Brown. Atlantic.
Congress, More Humors of. F. E. Leupp. Century.
Dalny, a Fiat City. Clarence Cary. Scribner.
Drama of Today, Makers of. Brander Matthews. Atlantic.
Eddy, Mrs., in Error. Mark Twain. North American.
Education, Southern, David E. Cloyd. Review of Reviews.
Emerson's Correspondence with Herman Grimm. Atlantic.
Fish Commission, U.S. C. H. Stevenson. North American.
Fiske as Popular Historian, H. M. Stephens. World's Work.
Flat Dwellers of a Great City. A. B. Paine. World's Work.
Foreign Correspondent, Confessions of a. World's Work.
Forestry, Railroads and. John Gifford. World's Work.
Garden, Next Summer's. Eben E. Rexford. Lippincott.
Ignorance, Honorable Points of. S. M. Crothers. Atlantic.
Immigrants, Whence Come Onr? World's Work.
Jefferson's Time, A Picturesque Politician of. Century.
Labor Question, Political Economy and the. North American.
Lafayette's Last Visit to America. Theo. Stanton. Lippincott.
Lecture System, A Great Free. George Iles. World's Work.
Lemons, Growing of Am. W. S. Harwood. World's Work,
Lloyds. Chalmers Roberts. World's Work.
Longfellow Letters, Some. Harper.
Monroe Doctrine as a Bar to Civilization. North American.
Mormonism, Economic Aspects of. R. T. Ely. Harper.
Musical Celebrities, Modern. Hermann Klein. Century.
Nature, Books about. H. C. Merwin. Scribner.
Newfoundland Difficulty, French Side of. North American.
Norris, Frank. W. S. Rainsford. World's Work.
Ohio, A Century of. Murat Halstead. Review of Reviews.
Opera, American, New Regime for. L. Reamer. Rev. of Revs.
Physiological Immunity. Carl Snyder. Harper.
Portraits, A Gallery of. Goldwin Smith, North American,
Residence, The Model. Katharine C. Budd. World's Work.
Russia, Political Conditions in. N. I. Stone. Rev. of Reviews.
Scudder, Horace E. Alexander V. G. Allen. Atlantic.
Ship’s Water-Line, Below the. Benj. Brooks. Scribner.
Shipping and Subsidies. Benjamin Taylor. North American.
South Australia's Land-Grant Railway. Review of Reviews.
Steamship Trust, The So-called. J. D. J. Kelley. Century.
Stock Exchange, Function of the. C. A. Conant. Atlantic.
Sultan and the Caliphate. Lloyd Sanders. North American.
Theocritus, The Land of. William Sharp. Harper.
Tin-Peddler, A Trip with a. Julian Ralph. Harper.
Trans-Canada Railway. E. T. D. Chambers. Rev. of Reviews.
Treasury, The U.S. Frank A. Vanderlip. Scribner.
Twachtman, John: An Estimate. North American.
Ward, Mrs. Humphry, Work of. H. W. Mabie. No. Amer.
White House, Restoration of the. Charles Moore. Century.
"
>
»


248
[April 1,
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 102 titles, includes books
received by The DIAL since its last issue.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
William Ellery Channing: Minister of Religion. By John
White Chadwick. With photogravure portrait, 12mo, gilt
top, uncut, pp. 463. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.75 net.
Maxim Gorky: His Life and Writings. By E. J. Dillon.
With frontispiece, 12mo, uncat, pp. 390. McClure, Phil-
lips & Co. $1.50 net.
Mazzini. By Bolton King, M.A. Illus. in photogravure,
etc., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 380. "Temple Biogra-
phies.” E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50 net.
Phillips Brooks: A Study. By William Lawrence, D.D.
16mo, pp. 51. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. 50 cts. net.
HISTORY.
The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803: Explorations by
Early Navigators, Descriptions of the Islands and their
Peoples, their History and Records of the Catholic Mis-
sions, as Related in Contemporaneous Books and Manu-
scripts. Trans. from the originals. Edited by Emma
Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson ; with Intro-
duction and additional Notes by Edward Gaylord Bourne.
Vol. I., 1493–1529. Illus., large 8vo, gilt top, uncut,
pp. 356. Cleveland : Arthur H. Clark Co. $4. net.
A History of the British Empire in the Nineteenth
Century. By Marcus R. P. Dorman, M.A. Vol. I., From
the Commencement of the War with France to the Death
of Pitt (1793-1805). With photogravure portraits, large
8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 420. J. B. Lippincott Co. $4. net.
History and Chronology of the Myth-Making Age.
By J. F. Hewitt. Illus., 8vo, uncut, pp. 682. E. P. Dutton
& Co. $6. net.
The Story of Siena and San Gimignano. By Edmund G.
Gardner. Illus. in photogravure, etc., 8vo, gilt top, unout,
pp. 391. Macmillan Co. $3. net.
Braddock's Road, and Three Relative Papers. By Archer
Butler Hulbert. Illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 213.
Historic Highways of America." Arthur H. Clark Co.
$2.50 net.
Publications of the Mississippi Historical Society.
Edited by Franklin L. Riley. Volume VI. Large 8vo,
pp. 567. Oxford, Miss.: Published by the Society.
The Doukhobors: Their History in Russia and their Mi-
gration to Canada. By Joseph Elkinton. Illus., 12mo,
pp. 336. Philadelphia: Ferris & Leach. $2.
Epoch-Making Papers in United States History. Ed-
ited by Marshall Stewart Brown. With portrait, 24mo,
pp. 207. Macmillan Co. 25 cts. net.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
A Few of Hamilton's Letters, including his Description
of the Great West Indian Hurricane of 1772. Edited by
Gertrude Atherton. Illus. in photogravure, etc., 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 277. Macmillan Co. $1.50 net.
Side-Lights on the Georgian Period. By George Paston.
Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 304. E. P. Dutton & Co.
$3. net.
The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft. By George
Gissing. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 208. E. P. Dutton
& Co. $1.50 net.
Exits and Entrances: A Book of Essays and Sketches.
By Charles Warren Stoddard. With portrait, 8vo,
pp. 375. Lothrop Publishing Co. $1.25 net.
Glimpses of Colonial Society and the Life at Princeton
College, 1766–1773, By One of the Class of 1763, Edited
by W. Jay Mills. Illus., 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 182.
J. B. Lippincott Co. $2. net.
A Study of Metre. By T. S. Omond. 12mo, uncut, pp. 159.
London: Grant Richards.
The Indebtedness of Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde
to Guido delle Colonne's Historia Trojana. By George L.
Hamilton, A.M. 12mo, uncut, pp. 159.
"Columbia Uni-
versity Studies." Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
The Old and the New Renaissance: A Group of Studies
in Art and Letters. By Edwin Wiley. 12mo, uncut, pp. 256.
Nashville, Tenn. : Publishing House of the M.E. Church,
South, $1.25 net.
Life and Destiny; or, Thoughts from the Ethical Lectures
of Felix Adler. 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 141. McClure,
Phillips & Co. $1. net.
On Seeing an Elizabethan Play. With some particular
discourse of The Knight of the Burning Pestle."
Illus., 16mo, pp. 59. San Francisco: Elder & Shepard.
75 cts. net.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
A New Variorum Edition of Shakespeare. Edited by
Horace Howard Furness._Vol. II., Macbeth ; revised
edition by Horace Howard Furness, Jr, With frontispiece,
large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 566. J. B. Lippincott Co.
$4. net.
Euripides. Trans. into English rhyming verse by Gilbert
Murray, M.A. Illus. in photogravure, etc., gilt top,
pp. 355. "The Athenian Drama." Longmans, Green,
& Co. $2.
Shakespeare's A Midsommer Nights Dreame, “First
Folio" edition. Edited by Charlotte Porter and Helen A.
Clarke. With photogravure portrait, 24mo, gilt top, un-
cut, pp. 216. T. Y. Crowell & Co. 50 cts. net.
Elsie Venner: A Romance of Destiny. By Oliver Wendell
Holmes. 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 487. Cambridge
Classics.” Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.
The Irish Sketch Book. By W. M. Thackeray ; edited
by Walter Jerrold ; illus. by Charles E. Brock. 12mo,
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By JOHN E. MOFADTEN, M.A., Professor in Knox College, Toronto.
Seminary.
To the general reader it will open a new world of interest and A popular, complete, and truly constructive work. It is the
information,
and to the specialist it will
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254
(April 16,
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THOMAS Y. CROWELL & COMPANY
The Life and Letters of
Edgar Allan Poe
By JAMES A. HARRISON, Professor in the University of Virginia.
This publication is an event of more than usual importance, since it is the first which presents, together, an
accurate biography and a collection of letters of one of America's greatest and most interesting literary figures.
The letters give many new glimpses of Poe and his friends among them Irving, Willis, Simms, Longfellow,
Hawthorne, and Lowell.
In two volumes, with 45 illustrations, 12mo, gilt top, cloth, $2.50 net; half calf, $5.00 net. Postage 25 cents.
First Folio Shakespeare"
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PORTER and HELEN A. CLARKE.
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general reading public."
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“I have taken it to my heart at once, and every
votary of the greatest of English books will do the
same."
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A very important undertaking. Will hold a place by
itself among all the reprints of Shakespeare."
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66
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1908.]
255
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mass of useful and fruitful teaching."
Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice. Edited by Prof. Thomas MARO PARROTT of Princeton. (April)
Yale Studies in English. List on application.
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Bierwith's Beginning German. 28 Short Lessons with an Abstract of Grammar: eBy Dr. H. C. BER-
214
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256
(April 16,
THE DIAL
THE GRIFFIN SERIES
OF HIGH CLASS NEW FICTION AT A LOW PRICE
Fourth Edition.
The Westcotes
By A. T. QUILLER-COUCH. (Griffin Series, No. 1.) Illustrated by J. L. G. Ferris.
12mo, cloth, gilt, $1.00.
“A delightful story, told in his usual felici- « The book shows that the author has pro-
tous style.” — Chicago Journal.
gressed in his art to a position warranting a
belief in his permanence." — New York Times
“A sweet and tranquil idyll, Aluttered, but Saturday Review.
not overwhelmed, by genuine passion.”
“ A tale of rare delicacy and feeling.”
New York Tribune.
- Detroit Free Press.
JUST PUBLISHED
Kent Fort Manor
By WILLIAM HENRY BABCOCK, author of “ The Tower of Wye." (Griffin Series.)
Illustrated by W. Sherman Potts. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
The scene of Mr. Babcock's new novel is laid in the Chesapeake Bay, and several of
the chief characters are descendants of the William Claiborne who figures in his former book,
but the time is that of the Civil War. There is a curious psychological problem of inherited
memory involved in the plot which is sure to attract attention and interest.
“ The interest of this weird novel centres around a hypothesis tentatively broached by
the author that there is such a thing as heredity of memory." — Pittsburg Dispatch.
a
-
The Archierey of Samara
a
A Russian novel, by HENRY ILIOWIZI, author of “The Weird Orient," "In the
Pale," etc. (Griffin Series.) Illustrated by Stephen J. Ferris. 12mo, cloth,
$1.00.
This is a thrilling story of some very interesting phases of Russian life by one who knows
his subject thoroughly, having been born and passed his early years in the Russian province
of which he writes. It will be found of absorbing interest and of much sociological value.
“A romance, yet it is a great deal more than that. It is history, philosophy, and
romance combined." Philadelphia Record.
“ A powerful protest and an effective story.” — Philadelphia Press.
.
IN PRESS
IN THE GRIFFIN SERIES OF New FICTION
The Tu-Tze's Tower
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A Victim of Conscience
By MILTON GOLDSMITH
HENRY T. COATES & CO., PUBLISHERS, PHILADELPHIA


1903.)
257
THE DIAL
JUST PUBLISHED
Songs and Stories from Tennessee
By
JOHN TROTWOOD MOORE
Author of "A Summer Hymnal.” 12mo. Illustrated by HOWARD WEEDEN and
ROBERT DICKEY. $1.25.
This volume contains the story of “Ole Mistis,” which has attained a wide celebrity
from its use by professional readers and reciters, and which first brought the author into
notice ; together with “Gray Gamma," “ Miss Kitty's Funeral,” and a number of others in
Mr. Moore's inimitable vein of mingled pathos and humor. The illustrations are notably
excellent.
“A Summer Hymnal ” is selling with gathering popularity, and the many readers who
have been charmed by it will want this book also.
“Will probably renew the success of 'A Summer Hymnal.' The stories are most
effective, and the humor is of a first-rate order.”— Philadelphia Press.
>
“A DELIGHT AND AN INSPIRATION"
A Summer Hymnal A Romance of Tennessee
Ву
JOHN TROTWOOD MOORE
Illustrated by STANLEY M. ARTHURS. 12mo, cloth extra, $1.25.
c
Marion Harland says: “For we have in the · Hymnal' one of the most exquisite
HARLAND
pastorals of American life ever written. It is an Idyll — a Reverie,' than which nothing
more charming has been offered to our reading public since Ik Marvel founded a school of
his own fifty one years ago. ... Our · United Country' is proud of the State that has given
us within a dozen years Charles Egbert Craddock and this later and gentler painter of Ten-
nessee life.”
“There is in the philosophy of this novel something deliciously sweet and comforting.
.. A book of this sort occasionally is a delight and an inspiration.”— Louisville Times.
“Mr. Moore displays more sentiment than does Mr. Allen, and a shrewder philosophy.”
- New York Times Saturday Review.
-
HENRY T. COATES & CO., PUBLISHERS, PHILADELPHIA
&


258
(April 16,
THE DIAL
Macbeth
J. B.
Lippincott
Company
A Revised Edition of this Volume of
the Variorum. By HORACE HOWARD
Frontispiece, 8vo, cloth.
$4.00 net. Postpaid, $4.30 net.
FURNESS, Jr.
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The latest addition to the True Biographies, which
have won such wide favor.
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By GEORGE MOORE
A new book of fiction by the most distinguished figure
among the novelists of to-day.
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Illus., 8vo, cloth.
$2.50 net. Postage extra.
In Active Preparation
Vol. III. Chambers's Cyclopedia of English Literature
Volumes I. and II., already published, cover English Literature from its beginnings to the early
part of the nineteenth century.
Complete in three imperial octavo volumes of about 800 pages each, lavishly and accurately illustrated, stoutly bound.
Price, $5.00 net, per volume. Carriage extra
Publishers
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including the finding of the great Temple Library, at Nippur, which has been pronounced "One of the most far-reaching
Assyriological discoveries of the whole last century."
Licentiate Dr. J. Benzinger, University of Berlin, writes on " Palestine."
Prof. Dr. Fritz Hommel, University of Munich, is the author of " Arabia."
Prof. Dr. George Steindorff, University of Leipzig, furnishes the chapter on “Egypt."
Prof. Dr. P. Jensen, University of Marburg, concludes with an essay on "The Hittites."
1 vol., octavo, buckram cloth, nearly 900 pages, 200 illustrations, 4 maps, $3.00 net (postage 40 cents extra).
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A. J. HOLMAN & Co., PUBLISHERS, PHILADELPHIA


1908.]
259
THE DIAL
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260
[April 16, 1903.
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THE DIAL
A Semi. Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
No. 404.
In
PAGB
G
.
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage
THE TWO LOST YEARS.
prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries
comprised in the Postal Union, 50 cents a year for extra postage must
There has been much confusion of aim and
be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the
playing at cross-purposes in the educational
current number. REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by express or
discussions of recent years, yet a few fairly
poslal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUBS and
for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application ; definite principles may be found to emerge
and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished
from all this expression of varied and fre-
on application. All communications should be addressed to
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
quently ill-considered opinion. Upon no other
point, perhaps, has there been such general
APRIL 16, 1903. Vol. XXXIV. agreement as upon the assertion that in our
American scheme of public education there is
CONTENTS.
a sum of wasted or misdirected which
energy
amounts to the work of about two years.
THE TWO LOST YEARS
other words, the time which we take in trans-
. 261
forming the raw material of childhood into the
COMMUNICATION
263
finished product, if it may be so styled, which
The Origin of " Blizzard.” Albert Matthews.
is turned out from the colleges and the pro-
A QUEEN OF LETTER-WRITERS. Percy Favor fessional schools is about two years longer than
Bicknell.
264
it ought to be under conditions of economical
THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE IN ENGLAND. management. In most of the European sys-
Mary Augusta Scott ..
266 tems, results substantially equivalent to our own
RECENT TEXTS IN LITERATURE. William
are produced in much less time, and the grad-
Morton Payne
269 uate is ready to enter upon the work of his life
Lawton's Introduction to the Study of American at an appreciably earlier age. Now two years
Literature. -Sears's American Literature in its
of waste in educational work is a serious mat-
Colonial and National Periods. — Simonds's A Stu-
dent's History of English Literature. - Pancoast's ter, and the question of avoiding so great a loss
Standard English Prose. —- Perry's A Study of is one of the most important that confronts our
Prose Fiction.
educational workers. We may well defer the
THE STORY OF HELEN KELLER.
Joseph
settlement of minor problems until we have
Jastrow
271
united upon some method of attacking this
SOME RECENT BOOKS ON EDUCATION. Henry major problem of the two lost years.
.
Davidson Sheldon
273 We have no doubt whatever that the greater
Brown's The Making of our Middle Schools.
part of this loss falls within the period of ele-
Hughes's The Making of Citizens. — Adamson's
The Theory of Education in Plato's “Republic.”
mentary education. That period ends with us
De Garmo's Interest and Education. Cramer's at the average age of fourteen or fifteen, and
Talks to Students on the Art of Study.—Compayré's
it should end two years earlier. Most of our
Development of the Child in Later Infancy. – Mc-
Murry's Special Method in the Reading of Com- systems allow eight years for this preliminary
plete English Classics. — McMurry's The Method school work (not including the kindergarten in
of Recitation, new edition.
the reckoning), when seven years would be
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
275 ample, and six within the bounds of possibility
Companion-pieces from the Civil War.--- A summary under conditions of intelligent instruction and
of English constitutional history. - Sheridan's
favoring home influences. That neither of
plays, printed as he wrote them. — The Abbey Blue-
book. — New translation of Aristotle's Psychology. these conditions exists to any general extent is
- A decade of the memory of Phillips Brooks.
a fact widely acknowledged and deplored. The
A strenuous missionary in South Africa. — London
haunts and highways. — More of the Quest of the
quality of our elementary teaching leaves much
Holy Grail.
to be desired, and is fairly put to shame when
BRIEFER MENTION
278
compared with the similar grade of teaching in
France or Germany. An additional element of
NOTES
279
waste is found in the upscientific programmes
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
279 of our elementary schools, with their frequent
.


262
(April 16,
THE DIAL
experimental intrusion of doubtful matter, and with the present marked tendency to permit the
their lack of suitable coördination. That the last year of collegiate work to stand also for the
home does not work in sympathy with the first year of professional training. But we are
school is also a fact too evident to require proof. distinctly opposed to any plan for making the
The average parent of the public school child college degree less difficult of attainment than
shows a shocking lack of responsibility in this it now is, or for shortening the traditional
matter. The whole burden is left for the period of the American college course. The
school to bear, when it ought to be largely bachelor's degree means little enough under ex-
shared by the home. The influence of the isting conditions, except for the few determined
parent is often directly antagonistic to educa- students who by their own zeal for learning
tional advancement, for it makes a vice of in. make it mean what it should, and even were
dulgence, and encourages the child in all sorts there no way of saving time and energy before
of outside interests at the direct expense of the college is reached, it would still be an un-
his educational weal.
worthy concession to the spirit of commercial-
These facts are so generally admitted by ed- ism to award that degree any more readily than
ucators that it would be unnecessary to bring it is now awarded. It is not so serious a matter
them forward for restatement were it not for as all that to give our young men what is curi-
a surprising recent development in educational ously called their "start in life” a year or two
opinion. Until very recently, it has been taken earlier than it is given them under existing con-
for granted that the remedy for all this waste ditions.
was to be found in strengthening the work of Aside from this wholly inadequate reason for
the early years, in organizing instruction upon cheapening our higher education, the advocates
a more scientific basis, and in developing the of a college course of three or two years seem
sense of responsibility in the parent. The waste to find their main reliance in the argument that
and the remedy bave been equally evident, and college entrance requirements are now more dif-
it has seemed that the only thing to do was to ficult than they were a generation ago, and that
do away with the one by applying the other. consequently the sophomore of to-day is as much
But, whether impatient of a reform that must of a scholar as his father was when a senior;
inevitably require many years for its accom- that the end of two years of college life now
plishment, or actuated by a desire to win the marks about the same average of attainment as
unthinking applause of the multitude, certain was then marked by the ceremony of gradua-
persons high in authority have of late been tion. We are not altogether sure of this, but
seeking to persuade us that we had better save admitting it for the moment, we would remark
the lost years at the upper end of the educa- parenthetically that by going back half a
tional scale, and give up the hope of a really dozen generations we may discover a strenuous
pedagogical treatment of the difficulty. A col. condition of college scholarship that puts our
lege course of two years, leading to the custom- best present achievements to shame. Cotton
ary bachelor's degree, is what has been actually Mather, graduated from Harvard College at
recommended for our consideration by the presi- fifteen, offers an example of what education
dent of one of our great universities. By this could then accomplish ; we cannot match that
surgical short cut we are to deal with a disease record in our own times, not even by the
which calls for patient scientific treatment, college career of John Fiske. We may not
while we are leaving the old malignant forces care for the type of learning which those old
still at work in the organism.
Puritan students achieved, but we cannot deny
We are certainly not opposed to measures of the solidity of their parts.
rational economy undertaken with respect to If it be indeed true that the graduate of the
any part of the scholastic programme. The up- last generation was no better educated than is
per reaches of the educational scheme may have the sophomore of to-day, it means nothing
their defects as well as the lower opes. As far more than that we have recovered, by a pain-
as this is found to be true, suitable remedies ful process of gradual advancement, some-
should be sought and applied. We are in sym- thing of the educational seriousness of an age
pathy with those higher institutions that en- long past. And now that we have in a cer-
courage the exceptional student to perform in tain measure overcome the laxity which reigned
three years the work that busies the average in the methods and the demands of our fathers,
student for four. We are even in sympathy are we suddenly to give up all that has been
a


1903.)
263
THE DIAL
thus won for the sake of lengthening by a the time when every large city in the United
year or two the gainful period of life? Is the States will accept among its recognized duties
active life, under the conditions of this fever- that of providing at public cost an education
ish modern world, so much more important roughly equivalent to that of the German
than the contemplative life that we should Gymnasium. With such an enlargement of
make such a sacrifice? It seems to us that the functions of our public secondary schools,
to state these questions squarely is to answer and with the establishment where most needed
them in the negative, and that it should rather of private foundations, similar in scope, our
be our watchword to strengthen and enrich colleges will everywhere be given a new im-
as fully as we may the years which are al pulse, and their membership will be recruited
ready consecrated to education, but not to in ever increasing numbers. They will by no
abate by a single jot the demands which we means abandon their own provisions for the
are now enabled to make of the college grad first years of college work, but the present
uate. We are glad to note that the sugges- disparity in the numbers of their lower and
tions recently made with a view to curtailment upper classes will disappear, and possibly be-
(or rather decapitation of the college course come reversed in the favor of the latter. We
have met with a general chorus of disapproval believe that this will be the next great step
be
and that the wisely conservative opinion seems taken in the development of the work of higher
still to prevail among our most influential edu- education in the United States.
cators.
There is one rather marked recent tendency
in the treatment of collegiate education
which we believe to be praiseworthy. The ten-
COMMUNICATION.
dency to connect more closely the work of the
THE ORIGIN OF “BLIZZARD."
colleges with that of the secondary schools ;
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
even transferring to the latter the first year or
In the “ Virginia Literary Museum " for 1829, will
two of the training hitherto reserved for the
be found the following: “ Blizzard. • A violent blow-'
former, is a movement which is commended perhaps from Blitz, [Germ.] lightning. Kentucky?
by important practical considerations, and (i. 418). In 1834 Davy Crockett wrote: “I started
which does not impair the present achieved
down the edge of the river low grounds, giving out the
pursuit of my elks, and hadn't gone hardly any distance
ideal of scholarship. We are glad to note at all, before I saw two more bucks, very large fellows
the increasing development of academic insti. too. I took a blizzard at one of them, and up he tumbled.
tutions which cover the first two years of col. The other ran off a few jumps and stop'd; and stood
lege, and the extension in the same direction there till I loaded again, and fired at him” (“Narrative,”
of the work of our larger high-schools. The
p. 152). In 1835 Crockett again used the word (in
his “ Tour,” p. 16), but in a sense which was misunder-
essential thing about college work is its char- stood by Bartlet and which has proved a puzzle to lex-
acter and spirit; the place where it is done is icographers. An examination of the entire passage
of minor importance.
(too long to give here) and a comparison with the ex-
There is no doubt a certain sentimental
tract just quoted, show that in 1835 the word was em-
ployed figuratively as meaning a sort of extinguisher,
value in the traditional plan of a continuous
a “squelcher." No instance of blizzard has been re-
four years' course in the same college; the corded between 1835 and 1880, but the word is said to
resulting ties and associations are not to be have appeared in its now familiar sense in a Dakota
despised. But the plan which makes it possible
newspaper in 1867. Professor Cleveland Abbe calls
for students to get half way through college
my attention to the first use of the word in the “Monthly
Weather Review” for December, 1876, as follows:
without leaving home means the possibility of
“ The very severe storms known in local parlance as
the higher education for thousands who other- • blizzards’ were reported on the 8th as prevailing in
wise would not get it at all, and this is a con-
Iowa and Wisconsin, where temperatures of -15° and
sideration which must be held to outweigh the
-20° prevailed, with violent northwest winds and
much drifting snow (p. 424). It may be added that
other. In the homely phrase, half a loaf is
a
in the sixties and seventies of the last century what we
better than no bread, and many of those who
now call blizzards were on the plains termed northers-
by such means get the first half will contrive a word which apparently originated in Texas, where,
to get the other half as well. The institution, (as applied to a north wind) it is found as early as 1838.
Can any of your
readers furnish me with examples
whether public or private, which is engaged in
of blizzard, in any sense, previous to 1880?
performing this service deserves the most cor-
ALBERT MATTHEWS.
dial encouragement, and we look forward to
Boston, April 6, 1903.


264
(April 16,
THE DIAL
a
The New Books.
wantonly mischievous, if not malicious, as to
stagger belief. For instance, introducing the
letters of July, 1843, Froude published the
A QUEEN OF LETTER-WRITERS.* following to support his charge of selfishness
Mrs. Basil Montagu once said to Mrs. against Carlyle : “ The house in Cheyne Row
Carlyle, “ Jane, everybody is born with a vo-
requiring paint and other readjustments,
cation, and yours is to write little notes." A
Carlyle had gone on a visit to Wales, leaving
fresh instalment of these piquant little letters
his Wife to endure the confusion and super-
- hardly inferior in general interest, and not
intend the workmen, alone with her maid."
at all inferior in style, to those already selected At
And all the time he had in his keeping letters
and published as the cream of her correspond proving the falsity of such assertions. Both
ence, — will be warmly welcomed by all Mrs.
Mr. and Mrs. Carlyle had been invited to visit
Carlyle’s admirers.
the Redwoods, in Wales, but for reasons of her
No one can read these volumes without being
own Mrs. Carlyle declined. Carlyle urged her
tempted to paraphrase a late eminent states- to accompany him on this Welsh tour. Failing
man and declare that Froude never put pen to in this, he next proposed to take a furnished
paper without subtracting from the sum of cottage near Nottingham, in which they should
human knowledge. A long and illuminating spend the month of August together. To the
introduction by Sir James Crichton-Browne letter proposing this Mrs. Carlyle replies :
gives a psychological analysis of that extraor-
“ Never mind me, Dearest ; try to get the most
dinary editor's method of unerring inaccuracy good of the Country that can be got for your-
in treating the Carlyles' domestic relations.
self; I do not care a farthing for Country air ;
Froude is shown to have been the victim of
and am busier here than I could be anywhere
pre-
conceived ideas. Having made one false as-
else. Besides I should like to go to Liverpool
sertion, he felt himself bound to support it by
when
my Uncle returns home. These words
another equally false, and so on to greater and
were suppressed by Froude in publishing the
greater perversions of the truth. Carlyle had letter of which they form a part. The truth of
used the word remorse in speaking of his feel-
the matter is, Mrs. Carlyle had set her heart on
ing for his deceased wife.
Mordant sorrow
decorating her house a little that summer, and
and, by the way, both Chapman and Dryden therefore managed to get her husband out of
use the term in this sense was what the the
way for this very purpose. So one might
bereaved husband meant; but Froude chose go on citing instances of both the suppressio
to interpret the word as bitter self-reproach. veri and the suggestio falsi; omission, mis-
Hinc illce lacrime.
quoting, and wrong dating being the expedients
The Carlyles' early life at Craigenputtock commonly adopted.
has been depicted by Froude as one of the lone-
But let us turn to something pleasanter and
liest and dreariest imaginable ; but the young
more profitable. Mrs. Carlyle's vein is already
wife's letters written then and there falsify this
familiar to the reading public, and she is as
view almost as effectively as if penned for the bright and entertaining here as in the earlier-
purpose. By Froude's own confession, he knew published correspondence. The first of the
practically nothing of her life there. He says,
letters now offered is dated nine years earlier
mistakenly, that few of her letters of the period than the first letter of “ Letters and Memo-
were preserved, and that consequently “ we are
rials,” the last only a few months before the
left pretty much to guess her condition ; and of
writer's death, and all, with some half-dozen
;
guesses, the fewer that are ventured the better." exceptions, now see the light for the first time.
Yet he has hazarded a good many guesses, and
The greater number are to her husband. King-
how bad they were was shown by the publi- folk and a few intimate friends claim the rest.
cation of Mrs. Carlyle's " Early Letters” in One letter of the Craigenputtock period is es-
1889. The editor of this third collection of pecially significant in view of Froude's picture
her letters points out these and many other
of Mrs. Carlyle's dreary existence at that time.
instances of “Froudacity,” some of them so
Visiting her mother at Templand in 1828, the
* NEW LETTERS AND MEMORIALS OF JANE WELSH
young wife writes back :
CARLYLE. Annotated by Thomas Carlyle, and edited by
“ Kindest and dearest of Husbands — Are you think-
Alexander Carlyle, with an introduction by Sir James ing you are never to see my sweet face any more? ...
Crichton-Browne, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S. In two volumes. What progress you will have been making with Burns
Illustrated. New York: John Lane.
in my absence! I wish I were back to see it; and to
a
-
a
>


1903.)
265
THE DIAL
"
66
give you a kiss for every minute I have been absent. bear seems to make the least difference. The worst is
But you will not miss me so terribly as I did you. the dreadful pressure on my faculties. There are kinds
Dearest, I do love you! Is it not a proof of this that of illnesses that one can work under, but this sort of
I am wearying to be back to Craigenputtock even as it thing that I go on with makes everything next to im-
stands, and while everyone here is trying to make my possible for me.”
stay agreeable to me! .: . God bless you, darling. In a few days, however, her pen is running on
You will send the horses for me on Sunday, und nichts
mehr davon! Ever, ever your true wife.”
again as usual, with an amusing reference to
In the summer of 1837 she went on a tour
a letter addressed to “ Mrs. T. Carlyle, Esq.”
of pleasure with Mr. and Mrs. Sterling. This
Her little phrases of endearment to her husband
is what she writes to her husband about nature:
are always beautiful and touching. Such a pair
“Every day I felt more emphatically that Nature
of married lovers, thinks the reader, one knows
was an intolerable bore. Do not misconstrue me,
not the like of; and the little harshnesses of
genuine, unsophisticated Nature, I grant you, is all daily intercourse fall back into their true in-
very amiable and harmless; but beautiful Nature, which significance in the light of these letters. Be-
man has exploited, as a Reviewer does a work of ge-
nius, making it a peg to bang his own conceits upon, to
fore company, and even in private, the dour
enact his Triumph der Empfindsamkeit in, — beautiful
Scotch nature is confessedly given to express-
Nature, which you look out upon from pea-green ing its conjugal affection in negatives. What
arbours, which you dawdle about in on the backs of but love and sympathy could have dictated such
donkeys, and where you are haunted with an everlast-
a passage as the following, which opens a letter
ing smell of roast meat — all that I do declare to be
the greatest of bores, and I would rather spend my
written by the wife to her husband after thirty-
days amidst acknowledged brick houses and paved four years of married life?
streets, than in such a fools' paradise.”
“I do hate, Dear, to tell all about myself every Day!
Two pen portraits, or rather caricatures, of as if I were the crops,' or something of that sort.
James Martineau are amusing. In the second
When I'se no better, I'se ashamed to say it'; and when
the editor allows only the initials to appear,
I am better I’se equally ashamed to be cackling about
my wellnesses; and so I shall be glad when you can see
but the place and date (Liverpool, 1846) help with your own eyes how I am instead of my telling you
to make the reference unmistakable.
in words."
“ He is anything but happy, I am sure: a more The letter closes with a “God be with you!
concentrated expression of melancholy I never saw in a
Ever yours.” Finally, in a letter written only
human face. I fancy him to be the victim of consci-
ence, which is the next thing to being the victim of
a year before her death, excusing herself for
green tea! His heart and intellect both protest against letting a day pass without sending the usual
this bondage; and so he is a man divided against him- token of affection to her absent husband, she
self. I should like to convert him— moi! If he could
says:
be reduced into a wholesome state of spontaneous black-
guardism for six months, he would come out very
“ Again you have had no Letter, Dear! But, in
strong.' But he feels that there is no credit in being
compensation, all the ink-spots are out of your writing-
table! Had it been going straight to any Literary
(spiritually) jolly in his present immaculate condition,
and so he is as sad as any sinner of us all."
Museum, I shouldn't have meddled with the ink,
“I went to hear J– M— yesterday morning, as a
which Hero-worshippers might have regarded with a
compromise betwixt going to the Family Church and
certain adoration; but for your own use I thought you
would like it better clean! It has never been cleaned,
causing a Family disturbance by staying at home. The
that poor table, since I used to do all the Housework
sermon was no go.' The poor man had got something
to say which he did not believe, and could not conceal
myself! And it is a wonder of heaven that I should be
the difficulty be found in conforming. Flowers of rhetoric
up to such work again, after all; and I cannot better
world without end, to cover over the barrenness of the
express my thankfulness than in working while I may!
So I fastened on the table after breakfast this morn-
soil! I felt quite wae for him; he looked such a picture
of conscientious anguish while he was overlaying his
ing, and rubbed at it the whole time till the carriage
Christ with similes and metaphors, that people might
came at two! Of course Jessie could have waxed and
not see what a wooden puppet he had made of him to
turpentined the table better than I; but no one but me,
himself, — in great need of getting flung overboard
I flatter myself, could have shown the patience and in-
after the Virgin Mary, 'Madame sa Mère.'”
genuity necessary for extracting all that ink!”
Even during the melancholy and trying
A thousand pities it is that Mrs. Carlyle's
period of Mrs. Carlyle's morbid despondency entire correspondence — forming, as annotated
(1846–57) her letters maintain their wonted by a husband's loving hand, a most charming
sprightly flow of amusing chit-chat. Once and and impressive work of literature — could not
again, perhaps, we catch a glimpse of the dark
have been entrusted at the outset to the sym-
undercurrent, as when she says in a letter to pathy and discretion of the present editor, who
her brother-in-law, Dr. John Carlyle :
has done his work so wisely and so well. We
“My cold is away again; but, oh, dear! my interior'
should then have been spared all those incred-
is always very miserable; and nothing that I do or for- | ible twistings of the truth that make one gasp
6
Sla


266
[April 16,
THE DIAL
יי!.
a
with astonishment as they are revealed in read- In addition to immaturity, Mr. Einstein
ing the present collection. Even in the mat- labors under the further disadvantage of not
ter of verbal inaccuracies the chosen literary being to the manner born in either of the lit-
executor achieved the unbelievable. Professor eratures he is writing about. The external
.
Norton found one hundred and thirty-six cor. point of view is curiously marked. The
rections necessary in the first five pages of the discussion of English poetry is timid, dry, and
“ Reminiscences.” Surely such a positive ge. wholly inadequate ; while there is absolutely
nius for wanton error the literary world has nothing in the treatment of English politics
never seen, before or since. A service has been which would suggest that the Tudors had some.
rendered to the cause of truth and a pious trib- thing to do with the development of the mod-
ute paid to the memory of two suffering souls ern state. Machiavelli and Elizabeth to the
by the publication of these letters, unsubjected contrary, the English Constitution is as con-
to the racking, amputating, disembowelling spicuously absent from Mr. Einstein's book as
process adopted in the “ Letters and Memo- the Elizabethan drama. On the other hand, the
rials. ” The two volumes are of excellent work- chapter on the Italian merchant in England
manship, the clear type and finely-executed is written con amore.
-
portraits being a delight to the eye.
The plentiful dearth of humor in these
PERCY FAVOR BICKNELL. pages, if it is not foreign, suggests at least the
Baker's perplexity :
“I said it in Hebrew,- I said it in Dutch, -
I said it in German and Greek;
THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE IN ENGLAND.*
But I wholly forgot (and it vexes me much)
That English is what you speak !
There are two ways of dealing with a large No man of English strain, and no Italian, could
subject, the method of scholarship and the
method of literature. Of the first, an excel-
Of the first, an excel possibly have walked through these two cen-
lent example is Warton's “ History of English turies of grandly humorous literature without
Poetry," a book which was so well made more
even once cracking a smile. There is one bit
than a hundred years ago that it still holds its
of unconscious humor, where the fear of bri.
own, in spite of the great advances in English gands and the inconveniences of travel are na-
scholarship and criticism since Thomas War- ively urged to explain the fact that the Eliza-
ton's time. Of the large subject treated with
bethan travellers in Italy made no account of
learning, with judgment, and with style, no
the landscape. The English traveller affords a
book in English surpasses Green's Short good illustration of the author's heavy manner
“
History of the English People.”
of treating an attractive theme. Almost every
The first impression that is left on reading Englishman of note during the reigns of Eliza-
Mr. Einstein's account of “The Italian Ren- beth and James made the tour to Italy. They
aissance in England,” — an impression that is
were statesmen, diplomatists, poets, artists,
but deepened by a more careful examination
scholars, men of fashion and of leisure. The
of the book, — is, that the subject is entirely
literature of the time is full of their experiences
too large for a thesis. Any graduate student is
and of the ideas they brought home on all
bound to come to grief with a subject that
sorts of subjects. But the great body of this
comprehends two centuries of time and two
literature (which often bubbles over with fun)
great literatures. To cope with so vast a
is a closed book to Mr. Einstein, who confines
theme there is required, first of all, a full man,
his attention to two or three early guide books.
one who has read widely at first hand. And
He quotes Dallington's " Method for Travel,”
but does not mention Fynes Moryson, nor
then to sufficiency of equipment there should
be added critical acumen and a sense of the Lithgow, nor Coryate. He knows Sidney as
relative value of things. It is the play of
a traveller, but not Crashaw, Donne, Haring.
Hamlet with Hamlet left out, to discuss the
ton, Lord Herbert of Cherbury, Howell, Killi-
Italian Renaissance in England, crowding the grew, Milton, Peacham, Thomas Sackville,
whole of the great drama within the space of Sir Henry Wotton, and literally scores of fa-
So the Italianization of Shakes-
mous Elizabethans.
peare gets here but three pages more.
Mr. Einstein has fallen into a good many
errors of fact and of opinion. Names of per-
*THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE IN ENGLAND. By Lewis
Einstein. (Columbia University Studies in Comparative Lit-
sons are frequently inaccurate. For example,
rature.) New York: The Macmillan Co.
William Latimer (p. 38) is introduced (p. 30)
three pages.


1903.)
267
THE DIAL
>
The « Dic
-
own.
.
and indexed (p. 416) as Thomas Latimer; and 313. But on page 417 all the references
William Selling (p. 29) should be William are assigned to one person, F. Patrizi.
Tilley, of Selling; Cardinal Guala (Guala Again, it fills the judicious reader with mis-
Bicchieri, raised to the purple by Innocent givings to meet with many familiar titles which
III.) is called Cardinal Gualli (p. 179), where have been here transformed, and deformed.
it is said, in obscure and now obsolete English, The Latin title just cited reads (p. 293) “ De
that he “ conferred Chesterton Rectory to the Regno et Regio Institutione.” George Pettie's
"
monastery of St. Andrews." Lord Buckhurst is alliterative title “A Petite Pallace of Pettie
spoken of (p. 275) and indexed (p. 412) by his his Pleasure,” becomes unintelligible (p. 364)
title, one of his titles, only; his name, Thomas in “ Pettie's Palace of Pettie his Pleasure.”
Sackville, nowhere appears. “Even a woman
a
A well-known book Mr. Einstein knows as
miniaturist, Alice Carmellian” (p. 196) is not J. R. Green's “Short History of England
recognized as Ellis Carmyan, mentioned on (p. 292).
page 77, as a masque decorator. “
The most extraordinary made-up title occurs
tionary of National Biography " records this on page 362, where Mr. Einstein, writing on
person's name as Alice, or Ellis, Carmylyon, Italian fiction, produces a little fiction of his
and gives five variant spellings, — Alice Car- He says: “Perimides and Philomela,
“
millian, Alys Carmyllion, Alis Carmylion, Ellis for instance, was so closely imitated from
Carmyan, and Elysys the painter. As to Alice Boccaccio that it [?] amounted almost to a
Carmylyon’s being a miniaturist, the “ Dic- translation ”; and as authority for this state-
tionary says: • It does not appear whạt ment, the “Publications of the Modern Lan-
foundation John Gough Nichols has for his guage Association " (1898, p. 250) is alleged.
remark that “she appears to have been a painter Turning to the “ Publications for 1895,
in miniature.'”. Upon the point of sex, the (“* Elizabethan Translations from the Italian"),
same authority decides that there is “no con- on page 275 there is entered Robert Greene's
clusive evidence either way."
“Perimides the Blacke-Smith"; and a few
A variation in kind from the confusion of a pages farther on (p. 278), “Philomela, the Lady
person with himself, or herself, is Mr. Einstein's Fitzwaters Nightingale.” On page 250, in the
,
making two different persons masquerade as
preface to this article, which is on prose ro-
On page 852 Unico Aretino is supposed mances from the Italian, Greene's imitation of
to be Pietro Aretino. This is confounding the
confounding the Boccaccio is mentioned, and these romances
fairly respectable, if rather conceited, Unico are instanced as examples. Mr. Einstein has
with the eminently unrespectable
Pietro
. Ber- ru
run the two titles into one, and then given a
nardo Accolti, of Arezzo, was called the Unico reference that is wrong as to source, year,
and
Aretino,” from his “unique" faculty for ex. paging. Can Mr. Einstein have read the novels
temporizing verse. Pietro Aretino's name was of Robert Greene?
Pietro Bacci. These two persons did live at It would seem to imply an almost hopeless
the same time, and in the same city. But inaccuracy of mind as to titles, to have to note
Francesco Patrizi, Bishop of Gaeta (died 1494) of Mr. Einstein that the work which has helped
comes to life again (p. 298) as Francesco him most in writing his book, the “Publications
Patrizi (1529–1597), and no bishop. Fran. of the Modern Language Association,” he calls
cesco Patrizi, Bishop of Gaeta, wrote “ De everywhere (he cites it four times only) the
Regno et Regis Institutione” (Paris, 1567), Proceedings” of that society. The “ Pro-
a book which was translated by Richard Rob- ceedings" is the report of the annual meeting
inson, in 1576, as “A Moral Methode of Civile of the Association, published every year in
Policie," etc. The other Francesco Patrizi No. 4 of the “ Publications." No one of Mr.
wrote, “Della Historia diece dialoghi . . . ne' Einstein's four references will be found in any
quali si ragiona di tutte le cose appartinenti of the “Proceedings.' "
all' historia, et allo scriverla, et all'osservarla" It is not the case, as stated on page 81, that
(Venetia, 1560). Thomas Blundeville trans- Giovanni della Casa's “ Galatheo" was trans-
lated this book, in 1574, under the title, " The lated into French and Spanish before its ap-
true order and Methode of wryting and read- pearance in English, in 1596. Robert Peter-
ing Hystories according to the Precepts of son's translation of “Galatheo" was printed in
Francisco Patricio," etc.
Mr. Einstein men- London, in 1576, with a dedication to the Earl
tions the first work on pages 293 and 301; the of Leicester. The British Museum possesses a
other work is the one referred to on pages 309 copy of this imprint; and an exemplar, imper-
one.


268
(April 16,
THE DIAL
.
6
>)
66
fect in some respects, is owned in this country As a matter of fact, Fenton translated thir-
by Harvard University. The first French trans- teen novels only, and all of those from the
lation, that of Jean du Peyrat (Paris, 1562) French of Belleforest. If Roger Ascham had
did precede Peterson's; but the first Spanish any one book in mind, it was much more likely
translation, a very rare book, is dated nine to have been Painter's “ Palace of Pleasure."
years later. It is, “ Tratado
llamado Galatheo This is evident from the interpolation at the
Traduzido de lengua Toscana en Castel- end of the first part of “The Scholemaster,"
lano por el Doctor Domingo de Bezerra” which, from internal evidence, must have been
(Venecia, 1585).
written about 1568, the year after the ap-
A familiar Cellini story turns up (p. 196), pearance of Painter's Second Tome. At that
attributed to Torrigiano, whose“ irascible tem- time, Painter had published ninety-four nov-
perament,” it is said, “did not long permit els, largely from the Italian. Volume I.,
him to enjoy quiet among those beasts the sixty novels, is practically a Boccaccio book ;
English,' as he was wont to call them.” There Volume II., thirty-four novels, a Bandello
is a hasty reading here of J. A. Gotch (“Early book.
Renaissance Architecture in England," p. 7). The index leaves much to be desired. Very
Gotch attributes this characterization of the few titles get into it at all, and a large majority
English correctly to Cellini, and quotes it ac- of persons are indexed without their Christian
curately, “ beasts of English,” quelle bestie di names or initials. This leads to the confusion
quelli inghilesi (“Vita di Benvenuto Cellini," of persons, even by the author himself. Names
c. 15. b.).
in the foot-notes now and then stray into the
Mr. Einstein's habit of inaccuracy passes index, but most of them are omitted. Many
over into matters of opinion. He says (p. 364) of the foot-notes are inaccurate. The refer-
that John Drout's “The Pityfull Historie of ences at the bottom of page 92 are cited as
two louing Italians Gualfrido and Barnardo le from “ Castiglione”; they refer in fact to
vayne" was “ falsely stated to be a translation Thomas Hoby's translation of Castiglione,
to mislead the reader.” The “ Dictionary of “The Book of the Courtier” (probably the
National Biography,” under Drout's name, “Tudor Translations " reprint, 1900). Mrs.
says: “Collier doubts whether Drout really T. R. Green (pp. 258 and 259) should read
translated the story from the Italian, and sug- Mrs. J. R. Green. Richard Mulcaster's “ The
gests that Drout describes it as a translation First Part of the Elementarie" is cited (p. 164)
so that he might take advantage of the popu- simply “ Elementary," without author's name,
larity of Italian novels.” Mr. Einstein gives without date, without the original spelling. So
no authority for his statement. If he has
vague a reference is useless.
based it upon Collier, it has but a shaky found. Many of the mistakes in this book arise,
ation, for surely a doubt and a suggestion of doubtless, from the author's youth and haste.
John Payne Collier do not make a matter of They might have been avoided by sounder know-
fact. The point is important because it illus-, ledge and closer attention to details. A very
trates the curious facility of conjectures to get serious fault has been noticed by the London
taken for facts by the next writer on the sub- • Athenæum.” The English reviewer points
ject.
out, that in the making of his book Mr. Ein-
Mr. Einstein himself is rather given to con- stein has been indebted, more than his own
jectures, as when (p. 74) he says that Saviolo statement of the case would seem to indicate,
on quarrels, or perhaps some similar sentence to an earlier work, “Elizabethan Translations
.. first suggested the dramatic possibilities from the Italian.” The facts referred to
of Romeo and Juliet,”_"Romeo and Juliet,” | by “ The Athenæum” are these : There ap-
of all tragedies, with its venerable antiquity peared in the “ Publications of the Modern
and distinguished pedigree, in Latin, and even Language Association,” 1895-1899, four arti-
in Greek, Italian, French, Spanish, and En- cles on “Elizabethan Translations from the
glish. Or when (p. 168), repeating R. L. Italian.” Of the 187 Printed Sources of in-
Douglas (Introduction to “Certain Tragical formation set forth in Mr. Einstein's biblio-
Discourses of Bandello," Tudor Translations, graphy, 106, or more than half, are to be found
1898, p. xlvii), he says that Ascham, in cen- in the “ Elizabethan Translations from the
suring English translations of Italian books, Italian.” There can be no doubt about Mr.
“ had probably in mind Fenton's translation Einstein's having found them there, for he
of Bandello, dedicated to Lady Mary Sidney." uses material from the “ Elizabethan Transla-
-


1903.)
269
THE DIAL
>
tions from the Italian ” in his text and foot- scholar's happy privilege to use freely the
notes more than 100 times. No fewer than 64 published results of the labors of others, this
works for the first time collected and annotated privilege carries with it the equally happy duty
in “Elizabethan Translations from the Italian" of acknowledging its exercise. To neglect the
are quoted in Mr. Einstein's foot-notes without duty is to abuse the privilege.
reference to the source of authority. Further,
MARY AUGUSTA SCOTT.
some 72 of these works are mentioned in Mr.
Einstein's text, most of them without any
foot-
notes.
On page 336 of the “ Elizabethan Transla-
“
RECENT TEXTS IN LITERATURE.*
tions" a quotation from Roger Ascham is im-
We have had many school manuals of Am-
mediately followed by one from Dr. Johnson ;
erican literature, but none more readable than
on page 108 of the “ Italian Renaissance in
the “Introduction to the Study of American
England” the same juxtaposition of authori-
Literature” which has been prepared by Pro-
ties occurs, but the references cite the original fessor William Cranston Lawton. It is not
works. On pages 61 and 62 of the “ Elizabethan
easy to make a book of this sort readable, and
Translations " there is a discussion of the in-
fluence of the Mantuan on Shakespeare and
many authors do not attempt the task. Those
who do are apt to place their main reliance
Spenser ; the same subject is treated on pages
347 and 348 of the - Italian Renaissance in
attention to a few great names and move-
upon
ments, ignoring the minor matters that can
England,” with the same references, but cited
make a page so forbidding. Mr. Lawton has
as from the original, except that a quotation
not shirked the obligation to give his treat-
from Drake's “Shakspeare and his Times,
“
,”
ment some degree of completeness (although
is transferred to the more recent “ Life of
the scale is small), and many of his pages
Shakspere" by Mr. Sidney Lee. The ident-
are crowded with names and titles. But even
ity of authorities in this instance represents where they come together most thickly he
such an unusual concatenation of persons as contrives to introduce a fresh phrase or a telling
Mantuanus, Shakespeare, Alexander Barclay, epithet that has a wonderful way of lighting up
Æneas Sylvius Piccolomini, and F. Kluge. the text.
the text. He is naïvely personal at times, as
Surely Mr. Einstein has failed to meet the
when after his account of Poe, he speaks of it
moral obligations here involved by acknowl- .
edging his indebtedness to the “ Elizabethan
as “the present rather hostile study," and calls
Translations from the Italian” twice only and expositor as any healthy human nature
Mr. Wood berry" as sympathetic a biographer
throughout his book, and by the cursory sen-
with temperate blood is ever likely to prove.
tence in his preface which probably led to
A still more personal note is found in these
“The Athenaeum's " criticism.
words upon Lydia Maria Child :
Nor is it the author of " Elizabethan Trans-
lations from the Italian " alone who may justly
“As for the exact literary rank of this heroic woman,
the critical scales must be passed to younger and cooler
object to Mr. Einstein's too free borrowing. hands. In the homes of a few original Garrisonians'
For the Italianization of Spenser, Mr. Einstein her early books were still cherished. We learned to
closely follows an article by Professor R. E.
read, that we might not be dependent on our busy el-
Neil Dodge on “Spenser's Imitations from
ders for daily absorption in her • Flowers for Children.'
Our own offspring seem to detect a moral and Edge-
Ariosto.” He calls the paper “ Imitations from
worthian flavor in the cherished volume, and prefer
Ariosto," and cites it 66 Proceedings [sic] • Little Women.' We first heard the very names of
Modern Language Association, 1897.” Pro-
Pericles and Plato in her Greek romance Philothea.'
fessor Dodge's name is nowhere mentioned.
* INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF AMERICAN LITERA-
The references in the foot-notes to page 342, TURE. By William Cranston Lawton, New York: Globe
School Book Co.
unacknowledged there, and with one of the
AMERICAN LITERATURE in its Colonial and National
Spenser citations incorrect, may be found on
Periods. By Lorenzo Sears, L.H.D. Boston: Little, Brown,
pages.182 and 183 of Professor Dodge's article & Co.
in the Publications of the Modern Language
A STUDENT'S HISTORY OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. By
William Edward Simonds, Ph.D. Boston: Houghton,
Association.” So, also, the striking phrase Miftilin & Co.
“ reflective and picturesque,” describing the STANDARD ENGLISH PROSE. Bacon to Stevenson. Se-
total effect of “The Faerie Queene" (Mr.
lected and edited by Henry S. Pancoast. New York: Henry
Holt & Co.
Einstein, p. 343), is Professor Dodge's ("Pub-
A STUDY OF PROSE FICTION. By Bliss Perry. Boston:
lications,” 1897, pp. 183-4). While it is the Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
66
6
6
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270
(April 16,
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9
The · Letters from New York' widened the vista of a or startling departures from the views generally
village street to our boyish eyes.”
accepted. Mr. Sears does not make himself
We doubt very much if such confessions as the champion of any particular man or set of
these belong in a school history of literature, men at the expense of others, nor does he seek
but we are sure that they will be grateful to to attract attention by any eccentricities of
readers who are not school children. And it
manner. He is the master of a flowing and
is certainly not for a juvenile audience that graceful style which always pleases, and which
Mr. Lawton has penned words such as these: leaves a pleasant memory behind. As far as
“ Mr Aldrich recalls a previous incarnation on the we may say that his book has a method, it is
banks of old Nile; and, indeed, so far as pure and seri-
that of dividing his subject into neat com-
ous art, with a dash of dreamy idealism still, may drift
from the austerer tradition of Puritanism, he has de-
partments, each of his nearly two score chap-
parted. . . . His best short stories have a large vein of mis-
ters being given either to a single author or
chief and mystification. His longer novels perhaps lack to a clearly-defined group, such as “Ply-
somewhat the justification of broad view or large ethical mouth Diarists,” “The Knickerbocker|Group,'
purpose, but all the too little that he writes is enjoyed.”
“Southern Orators," and "American Humor.”
These sentences are altogether typical of Mr. This method inevitably results in omissions
Lawton's manner, and explain why he has that sometimes seem serious, or to the slurring
made a book so interesting to mature minds, al- over of names that one would like to see ac-
beit one not likely to appeal to school children. corded a more conspicuous treatment. The
We defy the average child to make anything out most notable illustration of this defect is found
of such a delightful paragraph as that on a in the failure to give adequate attention to the
later page devoted to “Hans Breitmann.” We “transcendental” movement in New England.
certainly cannot quarrel with Mr. Lawton We have separate chapters on Emerson and
for giving us a book so much better than any Thoreau, but “The Dial” is not so much as
mere school book has a right to be, but there named, and mere mention of her name is the
are one or two minor points of criticism that only notice taken of Margaret Fuller. Colonel
must not be omitted. No one, from the ac- Higginsun should have something to say on this
count of Longfellow's “Christus,” could get subject. A convenient reading list is appended
any exact notion of the plan and structure of to the work.
that work. And it is certainly
not true that, The “ Student's History of English Liter-
as a result of the Civil War, “ There is to be ature” which has been written by Professor
but one Anglo-Saxon nation on this conti- W. E. Simonds is a book after the conven-
nent.” These, and a few other instances of tional pattern, prepared with close reference to
careless statement, are the trifling defects of a the needs of schools, and crammed with in-
work which is packed with ideas and allusions, formation. As far as it has distinguishing
which has an unfailing freshness of touch, and characteristics, they may be summarized by
which deserves to extend its influences far be- saying that more than the usual attention is
yond the bounds of the school room.
given to English history, to the biographies of
A more leisurely treatment of our literary authors, and to matters of philological inter-
annals, designed for the general reader rather est. The illustrations are singularly interest-
than for the uses of schools, is the work of ing, being mostly facsimiles of the printed
Professor Lorenzo Sears, and is entitled “Amer- or manuscript page and old wood-cuts and
ican Literature in its Colonial and National Pe drawings. The bibliographical matter is un-
riods." The author is in sympathy with his usually copious, and the book is well provided
subject, and writes from a wide first-hand with questions, exercises, and other matters
acquaintance with the literature which he helpful from a pedagogical point of view. Ex-
discusses. He introduces many illustrative tracts are introduced in considerable numbers,
quotations, and they prove to be surprisingly but they are so brief that they do not crowd
unhackneyed, although quite as typical of their unfairly the historical and critical text. Mr
authors as the excerpts commonly met with Simonds is careful in his judgments of authors
in works of this description. The book is dis- to present the approved views of criticism
tinctly the author's own, and not the compila- rather than any fancies of his own. This
tion of earlier compilations which a text-book makes him a safe guide, and he is also an em-
of our literature is so apt to be. It is, moreover, inently readable one.
The volume ends with
distinguished by sobriety of judgment, and its a literary map of England and an elaborate in-
originality is not gained by paradoxical opinions | dex which calls for a word of special praise.
>


1903.]
271
THE DIAL
a
.
Mr. Henry S. Pancoast, whose histories of there is a body of doctrine concerning fiction,
English and American literature, with the ac- as there is concerning paintings or architec-
companying volumes of standard selections, ture or music and that the artistic principles
have met with such wide and well-deserved involved are no more incapable of formulation
favor, has added to the series a book of than are the laws of the art of poetry, as
“Standard English Prose," the selections rang. expressed in treatises upon Poetics from Aris-
ing from Bacon to Stevenson. The selections totle's day to our own. Or, as the matter is
are reasonably long, and in nearly all cases are neatly expressed in a later paragraph, “that
complete compositions. This method necessi- Aristotle and Lessing, in short, wrote with one
tates the omission altogether of some writers eye on Mr. Kipling and Mr. Hardy.” So Mr.
for whom we should naturally look, but the Perry proceeds to discuss the principles of the
thirty-five who are represented provide a goodly art of fiction under such heads as fiction and
variety of styles, and illustrate all of the bigbly the drama, fiction and science, the characters,
important phases in the development of our the plot, realism, and romanticism. And at
prose literature. Fifteen of the number are
every stage of the discussion, he enforces his
writers of the last century, and those belong. theoretical points by the most felicitous of
ing strictly to our own time are Newman, illustrations. If we were to choose among
Mr.
Froude, Ruskin, Arnold, Pater, and Stevenson Perry's thirteen chapters those which strike
a judicious selection, on the whole. The the deepest root, we could not be far astray in
longest selection in the volume is Macaulay's singling out the twin discussions of realism and
“ Milton.” In an appendix we are given brief romanticism. Here we find an analysis which
examples of a few of the earlier prose writers, leaves nothing unsaid that is essential, and
from Wyclif to Sidney, and then comes a body which shows us, by implication, how futile is
of notes filling a hundred pages.
the greater part of the controversial literature
“ A Study of Prose Fiction,” by Mr. Bliss that has been devoted to this dual theme, how
Perry, is not entirely a book for school uses, foolish it is for a man to attach to himself or
although it had its origin in a course of college his work either label.
lectures, and includes practical exercises for and then takes a firm grasp upon the ethics
students of literature. No one could be better of literary art, as in the following passage :
qualified than Mr. Perry for the production of “There are thousands of good people who are shocked
a treatise of this sort, for his connection with as perhaps they ought to be — by a story that de-
the art of story-writing is of a three-fold char-
scribes in plain terms the yielding of a young man to
sexual temptations, but who are not shocked in the least
acter, practical, pedagogical, and editorial.
by a story that glorifies brute force, sings the praise of
He puts the case, over-modestly, in these terms:
war, and teaches that for the individual or the nation
“It happened that the author wrote fiction, after a it is might that makes right.”
fashion, before attempting to lecture upon it, and he is
With this fine sentiment we take a reluctant
now conscious that the academic point of view has in
turn been modified by the impressions gained during
leave of this book, which is deserving of very
his editorship of The Atlantic Monthly.' Whether high praise, both for the sanity of its teaching
the professional examination of many thousands of man- and for the unfailing charm of its manner.
uscript stories is calculated to exhalt one's standards of
the art of fiction may possibly be questioned. But this
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
editorial experience, supplementing the other methods
of approach to the subject, may be thought to contrib-
ute something of practical value to the present study of
the novelist's work."
THE STORY OF HELEN KELLER.*
The book is based upon the thesis " that as
the traveller who has studied architecture most
Sixty-five years ago Dr. S. G. Howe of Bos-
ton gave forth the then somewhat startling an-
carefully will get the most pleasure out of a
cathedral, so the thorough student of literary art prived of sight and hearing. The results of
nouncement that he was educating a child de-
will receive most enjoyment from the master.
his instruction of Laura Bridgman were widely
pieces which that art has produced.” A corol-
ſary of this proposition is that literature (in- | 1887 Miss Sullivan approached the same prob-
heralded over the civilized world. When in
cluding fiction) has its laws and the criticism
lem in the case of Helen Keller, then a child
thereof its canons; that the business of the
critic is to be acquainted with the former and * THE STORY OF MY LIFE. By Helen Keller. With her
letters, and a supplementary account of her education by
to apply the latter to whatever case he may John Albert Macy. Illustrated. New York : Doubleday,
have at hand. He “ takes for granted that Page & Co.
6


272
[April 16,
THE DIAL
6
your life!""
of seven years of age, the difficulties of the perament; but, unlike many students, she has
task were far better understood. The possibili- a greater fertility in expressing her impatience.
ties of an education in spite of the curtailment In a theme recently submitted in the course in
of the ordinary avenues of knowledge ob- literature, she writes as follows:
viously depend upon the individual gifts of the “ Ab! the pranks that the nixies of Dreamland play
subject. V Everyone knows that Helen Keller on us while we sleep! Methinks they are “jesters at the
was a remarkable child and has grown to be a
court of heaven.' They frequently take the shape of
daily themes to mock me. They strut about on the stage
remarkable young woman. The story of her
of sleep like the foolish virgins, only they carry well-
life is now published in adequate form, and trimmed notebooks in their hands instead of empty
serves to intensify, as well as to rationalize, lamps. At other times they examine and cross ex-
the note of admiration which everywhere greets
amine me in all the studies I have ever had, invariably
asking me questions as easy to answer as this : - What
an account of her achievements.
was the name of the first mouse that worried Hippo-
The volume consists of an autobiography, of potanus, satrap of Cambridge under Astyagas, grand-
a well-selected selection of her letters written father of Cyrus the Great?' I awake terror-stricken,
from her seventh to her twenty-first year, and
with the words ringing in my ears — An answer or
of an account of her instruction, prepared Examinations come in for a considerable share
largely by Miss Sullivan, with additional com-
ments by the editor of the volume, Mr. J. A.
of her disdain.
Macy. All three collaborators have done their
“ The days before these ordeals take place are spent
in the cramming of your mind with mystic formulæ and
work well; and especial attention should be
indigestible dates, unpalatable diets, until you wish that
directed to the value of Miss Sullivan's letters books and science and you were buried in the depths of
written at the time of her taking charge of the sea ...Give a brief account of Huss and his work.'
Helen Keller, and now for the first time given
Huss? Who was he and what did he do?
The name
to the public. These letters indicate an appre-
looks familiar. You ransack your budget of historic
facts much as you hunt for a bit of silk in a rag-bag.
ciation of the psychological and educational You are sure it is somewhere in your mind near the
problems involved in bringing up a bright but top — you saw it there the other day when you were
sightless and silent child, which one would have looking up the beginnings of the Reformation. But
where is it now? You fish out all manner of odds and
expected from the result, but which it is most
ends of knowledge — revolutions, schisms, massacres,
assuring to read in print as a contemporaneous systems of government; but Huss — where is he? You
record. In a letter written only a few months are amazed at all the things you know which are not on
after she found her way to the mind of her the examination paper. In desperation you seize the bud-
charge, Miss Sullivan writes : “No one can see
get and dump everything out, and there in the corner
her without being impressed. She is no ordi-
is your man, serenely brooding on his own private
thought, unconscious of the catastrophe which he has
nary child, and peoples' interest in her education
brought upon you. Just then the proctor informs you
will be no ordinary interest. Therefore let us that the time is up.”
be exceedingly careful what we say and write Helen Keller's talk is as good as her writing.
about her." Miss Sullivan was fortunately free She is quick at repartee, anxious to give and
from adherence to any pet theory or method, take, and has an unusual sense of humour.
but was able to adapt sound principles of edu- When Dr. Furness warned her not to credit too
cation to the special conditions that were set implicitly all that her Harvard professors might
before her. The result is that Miss Keller to- tell her about the life of Shakespeare, of whom
day participates freely in most of the intellect- we know only that he was baptized, married,
ual life of her age.
and died, her answer was ready: “ Well, he
The book in the main is Helen Keller's book, seems to have done all the essential things."
and the interest in her is a genuine interest in Her letters, often conversational in tone, reflect
her personality ; for, as Miss Sullivan well says, , the temper of her character. She is ever fond
Laura Bridgman remained to the end of her of a dig at the rigid requirements of study that
days a curiosity, but Helen Keller has been do not bear upon the human side of life. “I
almost from the outset a distinct personality. am sure the daisies and buttercups have as
One of the ways to suggest the interest of the little use for the science of Geometry as I, in
narrative will be the presentation of a few ex- spite of the fact that they so beautifully illus-
tracts, which show the young woman as she is trate its principles.” “I detest grammar as
to-day, - a student at Radcliffe, with all the much as you do ; but I suppose I must go
interests of a student and the enthusiasm of through it if I am to write, just as we had to
youth. Like many students, she often grows get ducked in the lake hundreds of times
rebellious at methods that do not suit her tem- before we could swim!” Her philosophy is
!
9)
6


1908.]
278
THE DIAL
Dr.
naturally of a piece with her passion for the attractiveness of this remarkable human docu-
humanities ; it is often quaintly practical. “I ment, and to arouse an interest in the develop-
hope," she writes “that L. isn't too practical, ment of Helen Keller's mind by indicating,
for if she is, I'm afraid she will miss a great however inadequately, the personality of the
deal of pleasure.” When the question of her young junior at Radcliffe.
taking a regular course at college was at issue,
JOSEPH JASTROW.
she writes to a friend : “I found it hard, very
hard, to give up the idea of going to college ;
it had been in my mind ever since I was a
SOME RECENT BOOKS ON EDUCATION.*
little girl; but there is no use doing a foolish
thing, because one has wanted to do it a long In a volume of five hundred pages, Dr. Elmer
time, is there?” She writes to the instructor E. Brown of the University of California has told,
in literature at Radcliffe: “When I came to for the first time, the story of “ The Making of our
your class last October, I was trying with all
Middle Schools. The first third of the book
my might to be like every body else, to forget isted in both England and America ; the next sec-
treats of the old grammar or Latin school, as it ex-
as entirely as possible my limitations and pecu-
liar environment. Now, however, I see the
tion describes the academy; the last and most im-
.
portant section is reserved for the high school
folly of attempting to hitch one's wagon to a
movement with its attendant problems. The ap-
star with harness that does not belong to it.” pendix contains statistical and descriptive data not
A young woman of twenty-two who writes
elsewhere accessible in convenient form, and a well-
and talks like this ; who is equally enthusiastic selected critical bibliography of the subject filling
over a walk in the woods or a sail on the water forty pages.
The work is well indexed.
as over the treasures of Homer or Shakes- Brown has written a book characterized by thorough-
peare ; who can become absorbed over a game
ness of scholarship, a judicial spirit, and compre-
of checkers or solitaire ; who is as much con-
hensiveness. He has succeeded very largely in that
vulsed by the nonsense of Lear or the clever
most difficult phase of his undertaking to an edu-
cational historian, — the correlation of scholastic
topsy-turvydom of “ Lewis Carroll ” as the
institutions with outside social forces. His treat-
most ardent devotee of those ministers to the
ment of religious and political movements in re-
gaiety of life ; whose knowledge of the history lation to education is full and satisfactory; the
of the race is extensive and accurate, as her economic factor unfortunately does not receive the
appreciation of literature is sincere and com- same attention. The strength of German and other
prehensive; who converses in two or three lan- foreign influence on secondary education in Amer.
guages and reads as many more; who counts
ica during the period of the educational revival is
among her friends the most gifted and the
most eminent contributors to the intellectual historically
correct for the American middle schools,
cation contained in the introductory chapter, while
life of the day ; — surely such a life can hardly is unscientific inasmuch as it ignores the essentially
be spoken of as an uninteresting or impover-
ished one for any person of modest years. We
* THE MAKING OF OUR MIDDLE SCHOOLS. An Account of
the Development of Secondary Education in the United
cannot forget that these achievements and the
States. By Elmer Ellsworth Brown, Ph.D. New York:
privileges that they have brought, are those of Longmans, Green, & Co.
one who knows no color and hears no sound, THE MAKING OF CITIZENS. A Study in Comparative Edu-
cation. By R. E. Hughes, M.A. (Contemporary Science
whose avenues of communion with the world
Series.) New York: Imported by Charles Scribner's Sons.
are at the best indirect and awkward, and for THE THEORY OF EDUCATION IN Plato's “REPUBLIC."
whom many of the most intimate facilities for By John E. Adamson, M.A. New York : The Macmillan Co.
keeping aglow the torch of learning are ever
INTEREST AND EDUCATION. The Doctrine of Interest and
its Concrete Application. By Charles De Garmo. New
beyond reach. Yet the most sincere testimony York: The Macmillan Co.
to the inherent value of her narrative is that Talks TO STUDENTS ON THE ART OF STUDY. By Frank
in reading it one is often more engrossed by the
Cramer. San Francisco : Hoffman-Edwards Co.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILD IN LATER INFANCY. Be-
sentiment and the vigor of what is said than
ing Part II. of “ The Intellectual and Moral Development of
by the peculiar condition of the writer.
the Child.” By Gabriel Compayré; trans. by Mary E. Wil-
The story of how all this was accomplished
son. (International Education Series.) New York :D, Apple-
ton & Co.
is one of pronounced interest to the educator
SPECIAL METHOD IN THE READING OF COMPLETE ENG-
and to the psychologist; its interest is not a LISH CLASSICs in the Grades of the Common School. By
technical one, however, and is sure to find a
Charles McMurry, Ph.D. New York: The Macmillan Co.
wide circle of readers. It seemed important to
THE METHOD OF RECITATION. By Charles A. McMurry,
Ph.D., and Frank M. McMurry, Ph.D. New York: The
call attention in these columns to the literary Macmillan Co.
-
:
:


274
(April 16,
THE DIAL
9
ren.
secondary character of much of the work done in ucation. This method of treating Plato's edaca-
American colleges. These are points of minor im- tional ideas, as largely the result of his own creative
portance, however. This history of secondary eda- genius, is likely to lead unwary readers to a highly-
cation is the most creditable and considerable book exaggerated notion of the originality of the great
on American education yet published.
Athenian.
“The Making of Citizens, a Study in Compara- The theory of interest recently set forth by
tive Education," is the somewhat misleading title Dr. John Dewey is the central theme in Prof.
of a recent volume in the “ Contemporary Science Do Garmo's “ Interest and Education: The Doc-
Series” by Prof. R. E. Hughes. This work aims trine of Interest and its Concrete Application."
to do for the Englisb-speaking public what M. According to this view, pleasurable excitement in
Levasseur has done for France in the way of pre- connection with study does not of itself constitute
senting in a systematic form the most important true interest. Pleasurable excitement can only be
facts concerning schools. Prof. Haghes confines termed interest when it is the result of a persistent
himself to the schools of England, France, Ger- effort to attain ends in the interest of self-expression.
many, and the United States, and treats of the The first four chapters of Prof. De Garmo's book
primary school system, the secondary school sys- cover the theoretical considerations; the remaining
tem, the education of girls and of defective child- eloven deal with the application of the new stand-
Not satisfied with important statistics and point to such educational questions as elective stud.
the framework of the school code, Prof. Hagbes ies, motor training, and methods. Perhaps the most
points out the relation which these facts bear to the useful chapters for teachers are those on the art of
vital problems facing each nation. This method
This method exposition and the art of questioning. The book is
adds greatly to the interest of the book. The au- well written, and several of the chapters contain
thor is free from bias, and sees the main educa- clever bits of cbaracterization.
tional problems in proper perspective. His knowl. An unconventional treatment of a shop-worn
edge of the details of some of the school systems, subject is found in Prof. Frank Cramer's - Talks
particularly the American, is limited and leads to to Students on the Art of Study.” An outline of
a number of questionable statements, such as the psychological theory drawn largely from Prof.
following: “ American children seem to be losing James provides the framework of the book, but
the faculty of play”p. 173; “ The primary schools does not determine its character. Its aim is not
of America do not meet the needs . . . of the great “to fill the place of a manual of logic, psychology,
body of German and Scandinavian immigrants or pedagogy,” but to “furnish effective suggestion
p. 193; “In America, ... the real vocation of a to the student who is passing through the critical
public secondary school to act as an intermediate period of his intellectual life." The author is as
step to a university has been largely abandoned to good as his word. From a wide and varied ex-
private secondary schools " p. 203.
perience, he has gathered a number of apt and tell-
Prof. John E. Adamson, in his “ Theory of Ed. ing illustrations which he states with unusual force
ucation in Plato's Republic,'” has produced a
•
and earnestness. The difficulties in the formation
closely-considered logical analysis of the pedagog- of correct intellectual habits are made sufficiently
ical sections of the “ Republic.” This analysis, concrete to strike home to the average student of
however, forms only the introductory portion of the late high school or early college period. Like
the various chapters, which treat of such topics as many writers with a similar practical aim in view,
the substance of literature, the form of literature, Prof. Cramer exaggerates the rôle of the individual's
melody and rhythm, and gymnastic culture. Prof. volitions; this very exaggeration, however, tends to
Adamson's chief aim is to show us the signifi- increase the pedagogical efficiency of the work. It
cance of Plato's standpoint in a modern pbilosophy is a stirring appeal for correct habits in thinking.
of education. Our education to-day is too complex
in its machinery, too many-sided in its interests ; translation of M. Gabriel Compayré's "L'Evolution
under the leadership of individualists like Rousseau Intellectuelle et Moral de l'Enfant” has been pub-
and Locke, we have lost sight of the simple social lished as the fifty-third volume of the “International
aims of education; hence “ Back to Plato!” should Education Series.” This portion of the translation
be our cry:
this in brief is our author's thesis. is entitled “ Development of the Child in Later In-
In thus endeavoring to apply Plat