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234
(Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
IN THREE CHAPTERS.
years.
One hundred years ago, to a country printer
THE STORY OF A BOOK. in Western Massachusetts was born bis first son,
George Merriam. The second son was Charles,
and then came a flock of brothers and sisters.
The boys were educated in the district school
CHAPTER I. THE MEN WHO MADE IT.
and the printing office; they toiled early and
ONE
NE hundred years ago Noah Webster late ; when their father died they gave their
journalist, scholar, patriot--was brooding slender patrimony to their mother and sisters,
a great undertaking. He had worked with Jay and pushed their own way; and in 1831
and Hamilton for the adoption of the Consti- G. & C. Merriam began business as retail
tution and the support of Washington's admin- booksellers in Springfield, Mass. They gave
istration; freedom and order were established; to business every hour not given to their fam-
;
now for a science and literature worthy of the ilies or their church. They began publishing
young republic! At the foundation of all is in a modest way, notably an admirable series
language. Webster had already made a Speller of school readers — the “Child's Guide,"
which speedily became and long remained a “ Village Reader," etc. — compiled by the
text-book for the entire people, training to uni- elder brother. When, at Dr. Webster's death,
formity of spelling and pronunciation, and his book came into the market, they discerned
yielding the author a maintenance which en- something of its potential value, and bought the
abled him to carry on the vast and uncompen-
unsold edition and the publishing right. That
sated work of “An American Dictionary of purchase marked an alliance of business and
the English Language.” In the exposition of scholarship which has borne fruit for sixty
that language no real advance had been made The new publishers' first care was to
since Johnson's dictionary sixty years before. fit the scholar's wares to the public's want.
The new age and the new country had pro- They employed Professor Chauncey A. Good-
duced a flood of new words and usages for rich, Webster's son-in-law and literary heir,
which there was no interpreter or arbiter. to re-edit the book; the eccentric spellings
were dropped and the reasonable changes re-
and the living use of the English-speaking tained ; such scientists as Silliman and Dana
race, with special inclusion of the new nation- were employed as contributors; and in 1847
ality. He brought to the task a natural genius the full work was brought out in one volume
for language, a special aptitude for lucid, ex- for $6. The public favor was instantly won
act, and terse definition, a ripe scholarship, and and never was lost. Webster's executors had
a tireless industry. With his work well begun, appraised the copyright for the unexpired ten
he stopped to broaden his knowledge, and years at $3000, and the Merriams bought it for
,
,
mastered the main vocabularies of twenty lan- that. They so increased its value that when
.
guages. He studied for a year in Europe. the copyright was renewed for fourteen years
Johnson worked intermittently for eight years they made terms with the Webster family by
on his dictionary ; Webster spent twenty years which during that period they paid to them, for
on his.
He gave
it to the world in 1828 the large book with its A bridgments and the
splendid monument of scholarship, and in its Speller, a quarter of a million dollars. The
substance fitted to every day needs. But it was Merriams leased the Abridgments and the
in two bulky volumes, its price was $20, it con- Speller to other houses, and concentrated their
tained a few eccentricities of spelling, and the whole energy on the large book.
American public was not yet emancipated from In 1850 it was proposed in the Massachu-
deference to English authority. The first edi- setts legislature, unsuggested by the publishers,
tion of 2500 copies was enough for thirteen that a copy of Webster's large dictionary be
years. Webster stood to his guns, bated no jot placed in every district school. Before the leg.
of his peculiarities even where most unpopular, islative committee the advocate of a rival book
revised the work on its original lines, and sneered at Webster as an ignorant pretender.
brought out a new edition, at $15, in 1841. Professor Noah Porter of Yale College replied
That, too, found little sale; and in 1843 with so eloquent a vindication of Webster's
Webster passed away, after a full and happy scholarship and services that local prejudice
life, but with his magnum opus lying stranded was conquered. The schools were offered their
like Robinson Crusoe's boat, a vessel too big choice, and 3035 took Webster and 105 its
for the builder to launch.
competitor. Soon after, New York state placed
Webster essayed
to cover the whole literature w
a
a


1903.)
285
THE DIAL
10,000 copies of Webster in its schools, and throughout the English-speaking world, Web-
thus began its acceptance as a school standard ster's International Dictionary.
which to-day extends over the entire country. Its improvement has never ceased for a day.
When the enlargement of Worcester to an New matter has been added ; tables have been
illustrated quarto was announced in 1859, the scrupulously brought up to date ; the accumu-
Webster publishers made a prompt counter- lation and sifting of new words and meanings
stroke. They put into a supplement a large num- has gone steadily on. A Supplement of new
ber of classified illustrations - a new feature in words in 1900; tables of biography and geog-
an American dictionary — added a supplement raphy substantially made over in 1902; a
of new words which had long been accumulat- steady accession of improvements with no spe-
ing; appended a valuable table of synonyms cial announcement - this has been the later
by Professor Goodrich ; and brought out their history of the book. To the chief editorship
enlarged work well in advance of the new Wor- so long and ably filled by President Porter
cester, which never approached it in popularity. has succeeded Dr. W. T. Harris, United States
Then they set to work on a radical and Commissioner of Education and a scholar of
thorough revision. Under Dr. Porter's super- world-wide repute.
vision, with the aid of a group of eminent It is to the alliance of scholarship and busi-
scholars, the advances in linguistic science ness sagacity that Webster has owed its success
and in popular usage were inwrought with and growth. From that alliance has sprung a
Webster's solid groundwork. The period of harmonious aim and a comprehensive plan of
this revision was that of the Civil War ; busi- work. Before setting forth that ideal, a word
ness fell off ; the Southern market was lost; more may be given to the personnel of the
the income from the Speller was intermitted, combination, past and present. On the pub-
and payments to the Webster family were by lishers' side the force was strengthened in 1877
amicable arrangement postponed ; war taxes by the addition of Mr. O. M. Baker, trained as
were heavy; but the three brothers (Homer an educator and a school superintendent; an
Merriam being now included) pushed steadily experienced and able bookseller, Mr. H. C.
the revision, while they supported the war, and Rowley, came in two years later ; the change
looked for the return of peace and prosperity. by incorporation to “The G. & C. Merriam
So came to birth the great book of 1864, Company” in 1892 was a change of form only,
known familiarly as “The Unabridged”; its the same hands still manning the ship; to the
predecessor being completely superseded and directors was added Mr. K. N. Washburn, who
withdrawn from the market, until revamped had been long engaged in the company's serv-
and foisted upon the public under false pre- ice; and while the first two Merriam brothers
tenses half a century later.
have passed away, the directorship includes two
A battle of pamphlets turning largely on of the family name and Homer Merriam still
the question of spellings; the general prev- presides in a hale old age.
alence of the Websterian practice, and an At the head of the editorial force have been
eclipse of all rivalry in the commercial field ; in succession three scholars of high repute;
a fresh supplement of new words in 1879; the Dr. Goodrich, the heir of Dr. Webster in
gradual addition of biographical and geograph-mental acumen ; President Porter, with a rare
ical tables — these were incidents preliminary combination of original intellect, acquired
to the next great revision. To this revision — knowledge, and practical sagacity; and Dr.
a work covering ten years and costing over a Harris, officially the first man in the Amer-
third of a million of dollars
a
were given the ican educational world, and eminent in a wide
fuller elaboration, the larger permanent staff, variety of studies. Next to these have been a
the freer employment of specialists, and the group of contributors of the highest standing
exact attention to every detail, which accord in general scholarship or special branches,
with the advanced methods of modern scholar- such as Dr. Mabn of Germany, Professor W.D.
ship and business. In a work carried on thus Whitney, President D. C. Gilman, Professors
through generations, there has developed a Hadley, Lounsbury, Sheldon, Remsen, Verrill
,
special art of dictionary.making, with an inval. Justice Brewer
Justice Brewer - the list could be indefinitely
uable tradition of experience, yet progressive prolonged. Of highest practical service have
and always expanding to meet the new con- been men perhaps less famous who have through
ditions. The result appeared in 1890 in a arduous years perfected themselves in the tech-
work whose title marked the supremacy won nical art of dictionary-making; as chiefs of


236
(Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
BOOKS
staff should be named, among the departed,
William A. Wheeler and Loomis J. Campbell,
and, among the living, F. Sturges Allen. With
these have been scores of faithful and service-
able workers, whose lot has been “to widen
knowledge and escape the praise."
So much for the men who have made the
book; the ideals they have followed and the
methods they have used will be given in the
next issue of THE DIAL.
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1903.]
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A Missing Manuscript.
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240
(Oct. 1, 1903.
THE DIAL
Hon. JOHN HAY
writes as follows of Ridgely Torrence's new play :
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It is very strong, both in poetic and dramatic qualities.'
EL DORADO
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By RIDGELY TORRENCE. 12mo. $1.25 net.
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Reminiscences of the Civil War
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242
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
Two Important Historical Books
JUST PUBLISHED
Talks of Napoleon at St. Helena
With General Baron Gourgaud
Together with the Journal kept by Gourgaud on their journey from Waterloo to St. Helena
Translated, and with Notes
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Author of “France in the Nineteenth Century," etc.
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been keenly felt by students of Napoleon, especially since the appearance of Lord
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“Tbe one capital and supreme record of life at St. Helena is
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familiar chats about his past life, and his speculations as to the future. She has
omitted much that she considered irrelevant from the standpoint of the general
reader, and the result is a book fairly crowded with interest from beginning to
end. Mrs. Latimer has always excelled in the faculty of picking out essentials,
and nowhere has this characteristic been more pronounced than in her arrangement
of the Talks of Napoleon."
With eight portraits. 8vo, 292 pages, net $1.50; delivered, $1.64.
Famous Assassinations of History
a
By Francis Johnson
No more interesting presentation of Mr. Johnson's remarkable book can be
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to each event, and the author tells the story with a wealth of language and imag-
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few previous historical works.
These are the famous men and women whose assassinations have had a far-
reaching effect and influence on posterity:
Philip of Macedon
Rizzio and Darnley
Jean Paul Marat
Tiberius Gracchus
William of Orange
Paul I. of Russia
Julius Cæsar
Ivan the Terrible
August von Kotzebue
Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius and Henry IV. of France
Duc de Berry
Nero
Wallenstein
Abraham Lincoln
Hypatia
John and Cornelius De Witt Alexander II. of Russia
Thomas Å Becket
Alexis, Son of Peter the Great William McKinley
Gessler
Peter III. of Russia
Alexander I. and Draga of
Inez de Castro
Gustavus III. of Sweden
Servia
With 31 portraits. 8vo, 434 pages, $1.50 net; delivered, $1.64.
A. C. McClurg & Co., Publishers


1903.)
243
THE DIAL
“The most thought-arresting challenge in
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THE SOULS
OF BLACK FOLK
Essays and Sketches from "Behind the Veil”
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indictment.”
Third Edition. Price, $1.20 net.
A. C. MCCLURG. & CO., PUBLISHERS
,
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244
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
A A Notable Book of Reminiscences
MEMOIRS OF
M. DE BLOWITZ
For a quarter of a century M. de Blowitz held a unique
position as a diplomatist-journalist. As Paris correspondent
of the London Times and by reason of his own extraor-
dinary reputation, he was on terms of unequaled intimacy
with the sovereigns and political rulers of Europe. His
memoirs are full of the unpublished history of the Conti-
nent since the Franco-Prussian War and of the most
dramatic and absorbing stories.
CONTENTS
Early Youth
Gambetta and Bismarck (1881)
How I Became a Journalist (1871) Alva (1881)
A Champagne Conspiracy (Anec- The Revenge of Venus
dote of M. Thiers's Presidency, A Life Struggle (1883)
1872)
Why France Did Not Go to Egypt
Alphonso XII. Proclaimed King of My Interview with the Sultan
Spain
Exile of the French Princes (1886)
The French Scare of 1875
San Remo
The Berlin Congress (1877)
How Bismarck Retired
What Bismarck Told Me
Journalism and Diplomacy
Illustrated. Net $3.00. By mail add 30 cents to cover postage.
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY
34 Union Square, New York


1903.)
245
THE DIAL
The Temple Series of Bible Characters
and Scripture Handbooks
F
OLLOWING upon the notable success achieved by the Temple Bible, this series of little books,
for the use of Bible classes, will be received with double welcome. The object of the series
is to furnish an accurate and comprehensive handbook for the Sunday-school as well as for private
study. The volumes of the series, which in general appearance are uniform with the Temple
Bible, number twenty-eight in all, as follows:
David, the Hero-King of Israel. -- The Rev. Canon Aaron and the Levitical Legislation. - The Rev.
Knox-Little, M.A.
Professor Wilkins, D.D., Professor of 0. T. Literature,
Abraham and the Patriarchal Age. — The Rev. Prof.
Trinity College, Dublin.
Duff, D D., Professor of Hebrew and 0. T. Literature,
Joshua and the Palestinian Conquest. — Rev. Pro-
United College, Bradford.
fessor W. H. Bennett, D.D., Professor of 0. T. Exege-
sis, Hackney College, London.
Primer of Biblical History, being a Sketch of the
Whole Field.- By Rev. O. V. Barnicott, M.A.
Gideon and the Judges. — Alfred Croom Paterson,
M.A., Oriel College, Oxford.
Joseph and the Land of Egypt. — Rev. Professor Samuel and the School of the Prophets. — James
Sayce D.D., LL.D., Professor of Assyriology, Oxford Sime, Esq., M.A., F.R.S.E., late Principal Craigmount
Brahmanism, Buddhism, and the Allied Religions
College, Edinburgh.
of India.—The Rev. Professor Menzies, D D., Pro-
The Kings of Israel and Judah.– Rev. Professor F.
fessor of Theology, University of St. Andrews.
Brown, D.D., Union Theological Seminary, New York,
N. Y., U.S. A.
The Age of the Prophets - Pre-exilic. – Rev. Pro-
The Age of the Prophets - Post-exilic. – Rev.
fessor Skinner, D.D.' Professor of Hebrew, Westminster
I. Wilson Harper, D.D., late Tutor Free Church College,
College, Cambridge.
Glasgow.
The Christian Persecution and the Early Mar- Daniel and the Epoch of the Captivity.- Rev.
tyrs. — The Rev. Professor Herkless, DD, Professor Mitchell Hunter, M.A.
Ecclesiastical History, University of St. Andrews. The Historical Connection between the Old Tes.
The Life of Christ.— The Very Rev. Stuart, D.D.,
tament and the New.- Rev. Professor W. Batten,
LL.D., Principal of St. Mary's College, University of
Ph.D., Professor of Hebrew, P. E. Divinity School,
St. Andrews.
Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A.
The Twelve Disciples and their Discipline. — The
John. - The Rev. Canon W. Benham, D.D., London.
Rev. G. Milligan, M.A.
Solomon and the First Temple. - The Very Rev. Peter. - The Rev. G. Sarson, M.A., Rector of Dover.
C. W. Stubbs, D.D., Dean of Ely.
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Paul. - The Rev. J. Gamble, M.A., B.D.
fessor Clark, LL.D., D.C.L., Professor of Philosophy,
Saul and the Monarchy.- Rev. W. Sinker, D.D.,
Queens College, Toronto, Canada.
Trinity College, Cambridge.
The Early Christian Apologists. — The Rev. W.
Carslaw,
D.D.
The Bible - What It Is and How We Got It.
Confucianism, Taoism, and Zoroastrianism.-
The Rt. Rev. the Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man.
Professor H. C. Porter, Ph.D., Yale University, New
Moses and the Epoch of the Exodus. — The Ven. Haven, Conn., U. S. A.
Archdeacon Walkins, D.D., Professor of Hebrew, Uni- Mohammedanism.-P. de Lacy Johnstone, Esq., M.A.
versity of Dublin.
(Oxon.), late Bengal Civil Service.
Twenty-eight volumes. 474 x54 inches. Frontispieces. Illuminated title-pages.
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PUBLISHERS
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY PHILADELPHIA


246
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
Little, Brown & Co.'s New Books
Miss Charles's Latest and Best Story
THE AWAKENING OF THE DUCHESS
By Frances CHARLES, author of “ In the Country God Forgot” and “ The Siege of Youth.”
With four illustrations in color by I. H. Caliga. 12mo, $1.50.
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This charming book will be a source of delight to those who love the best literature.
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The Memoirs of Monsieur D'Artagnan
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1903.)
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THE DIAL
An Immediate Success
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AUTHOR OF
>
“GRAUSTARK,” “CASTLE CRANEYCROW,” Etc.
Illustrated by C. D. WILLIAMS
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DODD, MEAD & COMPANY
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FIFTH AVENUE


248
[Oct. 16, 1903.
THE DIAL
>
“While the world waits for Morley's Life of Gladstone
PUBLISHED OCTOBER 9, WITH PORTRAITS
Mr. JOHN MORLEY'S Life of
WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE
Three Illustrated Volumes, Cloth, Octavo, $ 10.50 net.
“Whoever follows the annals of England during the memorable years from 1843 to 1894
will meet Gladstone's name on almost every page, will feel bow great must bave
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will seek to know something of the dauntless figure that rose always conspicuous
above the struggling throng. . . . When he departed the light seemed to bave
died out of the sky."
- James BRYCE.
Mr. MORLEY'S is undoubtedly the most thorough and important life of Mr.
GLADSTONE that will be written. The author is Mr. GLADSTONE'S
literary executor and has in his possession all his subject's private papers and docu-
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his recent connection with the English Government, and no other man was so
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throughout the whole of his active life.
To a considerable extent the three volumes form a history of England throughout
the majority of the great Victorian era; indeed, the sharpest of all the many
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and purposes of the individual who had so marked a share in them.
"Gladstone was a man of such a mould and fibre, and of such a transcendent career, that
no one has since arisen to take the place wbich be unquestionably beld at bis
death — that of the world's greatest citizen.'” – New York Evening Post.
-
Three Illustrated Volumes, Cloth, Octavo, $10.50 net.
PUBLISHED
BY
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
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THE DIAL
A Semis Monthly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information.
-
PAGS
THE DIAL (founded in 1880) is published on the 1st and 16th of
THE HAPPY FEW.
each month. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION, $2.00 a year in advance, postage
prepaid in the United States, Canada, and Mexico; in other countries Those who have read and we are sorry for
comprised in the Postal Union, 60 cents a year for extra postage must
those who have not read) the masterpiece of
be added. Unless otherwise ordered, subscriptions will begin with the
current number. REMITTANCES should be by draft, or by express or the great French novelist who wrote under the
postal order, payable to THE DIAL. SPECIAL RATES TO CLUB and
pen-name of Stendhal, and who, in a moment
for subscriptions with other publications will be sent on application;
and SAMPLE COPY on receipt of 10 cents. ADVERTISING RATES furnished
of pique, directed that he should be described
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upon his tombstone as “ Arrigo Beyle, Milan-
THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago. ese," will remember those enigmatic words,
“To the Happy Few,” which are appended to
No. 416.
OCTOBER 16, 1903. Vol. XXXV.
the last page of the French text. Although
standing in the place of the usual “ Fin,” they
CONTENTS.
seem to be meant as a sort of dedication -
perbaps to the intellectual aristocracy of readers
THE HAPPY FEW.
249 to whom alone the work could make its full
THE QUAKER IN FICTION. Caroline Ladd Crew 251 appeal. Certainly, the “ few” who are capable
of appreciating the descriptive charm and the
COMMUNICATION.
253
psychological subtlety of this extraordinary
The Originators of the Modern Short Story.
Alexander Jessup.
composition are made “happy” in as legitimate
a way as literature may warrant, and are likely
MR. TROWBRIDGE'S REMINISCENCES. Percy to renew their enjoyment more than once at
F. Bicknell. .
254
the same source. Not many works of fiction
ENGLAND IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. have the assured immortality of “ La Chartreuse
E. D. Adams
255 de Parme,” and not many readers, unfortu-
A DRAMA OF JUSTICE AND HUMANITY.
nately, acquire the refinement of appreciation
Edward E. Hale, Jr.
which the work deserves.
257
Among those readers, Mrs. Edith Wharton,
THE HISTORICAL STUDY OF PHILOSOPHY.
whose delicate art has learned more than one
A. K. Rogers
259
lesson from Stendhal, must surely be reckoned.
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne 260 Her “Valley of Decision” was clearly a reflec-
The MS. in a Red Box. — Marriott's The House tion of the theme, and to some extent of the
on the Sands. - Oppenheim's The Yellow Crayon. method, illustrated by the work in question.
- Locke's Where Love Is. Despotism and De-
Even where it failed most noticeably, as it
mocracy. -
:- London's The Call of the Wild.
Chambers's The Maids of Paradise. — Fox's The certainly did in the matter of vitality, to follow
Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come. -- Palmer's in Stendhal's footsteps, it still forced the com-
The Vagabond. - Boone's The Career Triumphant. parison upon the mind of the reader, who
-Mrs. Brown's The Millionaire's Son. -- Miss
found on its every page a tribute, if not always
Sholl's The Law of Life. — Miss Potter's The
Castle of Twilight. — Miss Reed's The Shadow of
conscious, to the source of its inspiration. We
Victory.
have been led to these retrospective observa-
NOTES ON NEW NOVELS.
tions by a paper, contributed by Mrs. Wharton
263
to the last number of The North American
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
206 Review,” entitled “The Vice of Reading,”
Conclusion of a great work. — The making of a
which ends with the quotation of Stendhal's
poet. — Paris during the Revolution of 1848.
dedicatory words. Her interpretation of them
Essays of an unjaded critic. - Phases of the lit-
erary craft. — A sportsman's book of birds.
coincides with the one which we have above
Waves and Ripples. -- A new Life of Anthony suggested, and by their means she points a moral
Wayne.
for writers and readers alike. She has been
BRIEFER MENTION
269 discussing the mechanical reader"whose mind
is too sluggish to react upon a book, and who
NOTES
269
gets from literature nothing worth having
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
271 because he brings to it no personal element of
.
.
-
.
.
.
.
-
.
.
.


250
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
9
-
а
value. And her conclusion runs as follows: soon becomes accustomed to their socialistic
“Obviously, it is to the writer that he is most use of certain formulas, and to the rapid pro-
harmful. The broad way which leads to his cess of erosion and distortion undergone by
approval is so easy to tread and so thronged much-borrowed opinions.” These are his sub-
with prosperous fellow-travellers that many a jective failings. Objectively, bis influence is
young pilgrim has been drawn into it by the pernicious because he creates an enlarged de-
mere craving for companionship; and perhaps mand for mediocre writing, he retards true
it is not until the journey's end, when he reaches culture by his appetite for popularizations of
the Palace of Platitudes and sits down to a feast difficult matters, be confuses moral and intel-
of indiscriminate praise, with the scribblers be lectual judgments, and he misdirects the ten-
has most despised belping themselves upre- dencies of criticism, producing “a creature in
proved out of the very dish prepared in his bis own image — the mechanical critic” who
honor, that his thoughts turn longiogly to that makes précis writing take the place of analysis.
other way — the straight path leading . To the
• This is a beavy indictment, but does it warrant
Happy Few.""
us in considering the case of the mechanical
" To read well is an art, and an art that reader as hopeless, and in leaving him to wal.
only the born reader can acquire,” says Mrs. low in his Philistinism ? He may have a poor
Wharton. This is her version of the Shake- sort of soul, but is it not worth some effort to
spearian " to read and write comes by nature,” save, and is not his a case for the offices of
and the truth of the saying is one of many evi- . the good Samaritan? Mrs. Wharton seems to
dences of the wisdom inherent in the utterances think it is not, and to urge that with such per-
of Dogberry, that much misunderstood philoso-sons the habit of reading is a vice to be erad-
pher, who has a message for the elect no less icated.
than for the groundling. To be a born reader, The suggestion is enough to take away one's
to use a book “as the keynote of unpremedi- breath, especially when it leads to the con-
tated harmonies, as the gateway into some demnation of all “reading deliberately under-
paysage choisi of the spirit,” is, no doubt, to taken,” for no better reason than that the
”
be numbered with a smaller “rempant" of highest form of intercourse between reader
mankind than that which was the subject of and book is more often missed than hit by the
Matthew Arnold's famous lecture. The gen-
“
mind that is seeking culture of set purpose.
tle reader," in Lamb's and FitzGerald's sense, There can be no such thing as wise guidance in
is one of the rarest of birds, and the most art- the choice of books, because, forsooth, no reader
ful mimicry of his habit and coloring will not is worthy of a good book unless bis unaided in-
enable an outsider to intrude upon the flock stinct leads him to it. Mr. Frederic Harrison
undetected. But we cannot all be gentle read- would have something to say to this astonish-
ers, since we were not all born that way, and ing judgment. The conscientious persons who
it seems to us that Mrs. Wharton is rather make it a rule to read
are surely not de-
hard on those whose flight is de barred from serving of the scorn bere heaped upon them,
the sunny uplands of imagination, and whose even if the books through which they plod their
natural limitations compel them to range upon way " are not like growing things that strike
lower levels and in grayer lights. And so, turn- root and intertwine branches, but like fossils
ing from the joys attainable only by the Happy ticketed and put away in the drawers of a geol.
Few, we are constrained to say a word for the ogist's cabinet ”; the superior critic may find
satisfactions that are still accessible to the Un. their efforts amusing, but must be heartless in.
happy Many.
deed not to see that they are also pathetic.
“ The mecbanical reader" is the title given Mrs. Wharton's view, if she really means it
by Mrs. W barton to the individual member seriously, amounts to a flat condemnation of
of this numerous company. She says many all the good advice given to aspiring readers
severe things about him, which are, no doubt, by the wisest of counsellors, from Bacon to
in some measure justified. He is self-sufficient, Ruskin. It is a view the acceptance of which
he is “the slave of his book-mark,” he thinks would paralyze the most fruitful modern edu-
the books having the largest sales must be the cational activities. If there is any one among
books best worth readivg, he is innocent of the recent educational developments more en-
art of judicious skipping, and, especially, he couraging than all the others, it is the increased
ívels it his duty to express opinions. “Anyone attention given to the iutelligent study of lit-
who frequents a group of mechanical readers erature, and the success with which thousands
1
1


1903.)
251
THE DIAL
a
а
Dess.
of persons, young and old, are being persuaded
to substitute the deliberate choice of good books THE QUAKER IN FICTION.
for the random reading of anything that hap-
Since the time when Mre. Stowe portrayed the
pens to fall in their way. Every reader whose doughty person of Phineas Fletcher in * Uocle
application is thus diverted represents so much
Tom's Cabin," the Quaker has been a not unfa-
clear gain to the cause of enlightenment. What miliar figure in fiction. There is something of the
if such a reader does for a time fvuuder blindly perverseness of fate in the fact that a people who
about in the unwonted element, and display all have been taught to look upon the reading of fic-
sorts of crudities of thought and expression ;
tion as baneful should themselves come to play a
is it not better that he should grope toward the
considerable rôle in imaginative literature.
" The
light than dwell contented in the outer dark. Quaker,” says Bancroft, "distrusts the fine arts ;
ness ? Our word to the perplexed reader, then, they are so easily perverted to purposes of super-
would be no counsel of despair, but an exhort- Quakerism, in its deep-rooted craving for the un-
stition and the delight of the senses.” Accordingly,
ation to persist in what may at first and for
adorned realities of life and for deliverance from
long seem a thorny path. The world is wonder-
the mere show.world, has always frowned upon the
fully interesting, and good books are the me. literature of romance. The tales of fairy-land and
dium through which its wonder and interest of chivalry, and the song of the troubadour, have
mainly shine. There is no individual of so not been admitted to the carefully-guarded house-
mean endowment as to remain wholly unre- hold of the Quaker. Even to-day, in the most
sponsive to this light, and if one stimulas after conservative necondary schools of the Friends, the
another be applied, the right one will surely be reading of "The Merchant of Venice," of " Ivan-
hoe," and " The Vicar of Wakefield,” books among
found at last.
the College English requirements, is either done
Of a truth, the argument which we have
under protest or their equivalents in actual history
undertaken to controvert is so insubstantial in
or biography are substituted.
its logic (if it be intended for anything more The members of the Society of Friends have
than a whimsicality or the utterance of a petu- been brought up to deny themselves the s-thetic
lant mood) that it is dissipated by its own airi- enrichment of life, the pleasures of art as expressed
It would bardly deserve consideration through music, pictures, the drama, and the novel.
were it not a specific application of a far larger They have counted among their numbers prophets
argument that has done much mischief in the and reformers, but not philosophers or artists.
world. The most dangerous enemy of democ.
Hence it is not strange that the romantic output
racy is the comfortable persuasion of superior cally negligible. In a few instances where their
of the Society is inconsiderable, a quantity practi-
persons that it is entirely fitting they should
own sectaries have practised the contemned art,
remain superior, and that things are very well the result has been destitute of literary importance.
as they are. Io their interpretation, the prin. The moral purpose has always been too far in ex.
ciple of noblesse oblige becomes condescension cess of the artistic to secure a public outside of the
merely; it does not lapse into sympathy, still Friendly world. Disregarding, then, the few and
less does it join actively in the effort to lift futile attempts of the Quaker to interpret himself
those of low condition. In this view democracy through the medium of the imagination, let us turn
is condemned because it does not at once usher
to the more numerous efforts of the world's people”
.
in the ideal state, popular education is depre to interpret him.
cated because it tends to raise the masses from
If the Q saker has been represented with inade-
their proper place and thus fosters discontent,
quate success by those of his own denomination
who understand the principles underlying bis idio-
the oppression of the backward races is con-
syncracies, he has suffered in equal if not in like
doned because we are enjoined by both destiny measure from those outside the fold. It is not an
and duty to see that they are kept safely in easy thing for a non-member to obtain a sympa-
leading-strings. This is an argument with thetic understanding of a sect whose very exclusive-
which no generous soul can have any patience ness, social and religious, binds them into a kind of
at all, for it seeks to shut the door of bope in
brotherbood. Too often bis portrayors seize merely
the face of the majority of mankind. And be-
upon the striking or picturesque externals, 188 ex-
cause the paper we have just had under dis-
cessive daubs of gray in the portraiture of bonnet
cussion seems to us dangerously symptomatic the thou" and thee." The result is a caricature
and waistcoat, and drag in with unnatural frequency
““
a
of this false and narrow view of human nature,
rather than a character. As yet, no one bas ade;
we have taken it as a text for more serious quately rendered the hereditary quiet of the Quaker
comment than its own intrinsic weight would without investing his character with a certain acidity.
warrant.
No interpréter has put into abiding form the
a


252
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
66
Quaker's bold demeanor in the face of all the powers the reader is not impressed with the dynamic force
of the world, and his loyalty to divine command, of the man who made the hearts of his listeners
which are the basal principles of the Society. “tremble at the word of the Lord.”
In the main, two types of Quaker have been In Mrs. Parr's tale of “ Dorothy Fox,” — an old-
presented in fiction. In the first, the outlines fashioned story, sweet and entertaining, - we get a
approach those of the Paritan; and the Friend is sympathetic picture of an ingenuous little Quakeress
hard, austere, forbidding. In the second he is with a forbidden taste for martial exploit. But
in a nascent state, is emerging from the dominance here we have also a representative of the first type,
of inherited Quakerism, or is perhaps in open an impossible taciturn young lover who follows a
revolt against its irksome tenets. As a rule, we life of almost monastic asceticism.
find him more human and more appealing when Perhaps no one has been more successful in
there is a rift within the lute of his Quakerism. seizing the essentials of Quakerism than has Mrs.
In “Hugh Wynne” both types are exemplified. Mason in her story of “ The Wind flower.” Here
.
The father, John Wynne, is stern, implacable, is depicted the sharp contrast between the colorless
scornful of the innocent joys of life. His character and formless worship of the Society of Friends and
is unrelieved by any touch of human sweetness; the elaborate ritualism of the liturgical church.
and we wonder how the grim and silent man could The author shows unusual understanding of Quaker
ever have won the band of the merry-bearted ideals when she invests father and daughter, the two
daughter of France. The son and hero, however, representatives of the sect, with large-hearted tol-
.
whose soul is on fire with love of war, becomes an erance, patience, and tenderness. The more lofty
apostate to the doctrine of non-resistance, and wins strains of their religion are not subordinated to
the approval of the reader for his dash and gener- extraneous drab and sectarian foible.
osity. In the story called “Thee and Thou,” Dr. It
may be that the present reaction among
mod-
Mitchell says of his heroine, " The greatest charm ern Friends in favor of music and the expression of
of this woman was in her pretty little revolts against artistic enthusiasm indicates the passing of the
Quaker ways, and her endless sympathy with every- traditional Quaker, whose dress and speech made
body's tastes and pursuits."
him stand out as a figure distinct from the world's
The question here naturally suggests itself, people. According to statistics, the conservative
whether the Friend, except the Friend in the membership of the Society of Friends is steadily
unmaking, is fitted to take a prominent place in diminishing. A recent writer in the " London Spec-
“
fiction; whether in stories of war, conquest, and tator” says: “It is a pity that the sect which has done
adventure, the typical Friend can be anything more most to make of philanthropy a dominant factor in
than an accident, a portion of the background. The modern life is hastening to an honored grave.” The
difficulty of evolving romance from material so haste, however, is less marked in America than in
deficient in color and sentiment is suggested by England, for the primitive principles of Quakerism
Charles Lamb's characterization: “I cannot like have been more persistent here than in the mother-
the Quaker (as Desdemona would say) to live with country. The more conservative
American Quaker
them. I am all-over sophisticated with humors, has jealously guarded the doctrines of Friends
fancies, craving hourly sympathy. I must have brought over by William Penn and his colonists,
books, pictures, theaters, chit-chat, scandal, jokes, who were protestants against many of the social and
ambiguities, and a thousand whim-whams, which religious forms then dominant in England. One
their simpler taste can do without."
may trace here a process analagous to that of the
In“John Halifax," the old tanner, Abel Fletcher, later survival of Shakespeare's English in the new
is an anyielding piece of Quaker stoicism, and belongs land of America. Just as the philologist must look
to the type of John Wynne. It is not until death to New England for obsolescent bits of Elizabetban
is imminent that a strange tenderness possesses him English, already obsolete in England, so the student
and glorifies his end.
of Quakeriem must turn to Philadelpbia and the
Mrs. Barr, in her story of “Friend Olivia," surrounding country, if he would find the historic
treats of that last wave of the Reformation, the speech and dress which have disappeared among
formative period of Quakerism, and uses the dra- the more radical votaries in England. Here by the
matic background in which Cromwell, Charles II., simplicity of their worship they still maintain their
and George Fox are the chief figures. She has not “testimoney” against the sensuous forms of faith.
been altogether successful in giving to this profound Their meeting-houses, never imposing or beautiful,
religious movement a Quaker atmosphere; nor in are bare of ornament, and are without pulpit or
the matter of detail is she faithful to the Quaker desk; their services are distinguished by absence
ideal, for the material surroundings suggest too much of all liturgy, music, or prepared sermon. The
luxury and personal indulgence. Ancestral pictures, phraseology of the Quaker also has lingered longer
Brussels lace, and “women in white satin” are in America than in England, and in and around
hardly in keeping with the unworldly teachings of Philadelphia one still hears the quaint language of
the founder of the sect. Very little definition is the memoirs and journals of the early Friends, such
given to the character of the mystic, George Fox; phrases as " steeple houses " appearing in suppli-
,
" .
by
)


1903.)
253
THE DIAL
9
1829
1832
cation, “hat honor," "creaturely activity," and
“meetings for sufferings." There is, however, a
gradual relaxing of the old uncompromising forms
of spotless dress and formal speech. And it may
be that as the traditional type of the drab-coated
and drab-petticoated generation becomes more rare,
the vanishing sectary will so gain in charm and
poetic quality as to offer rich material to the future
| .
CAROLINE LADD CREW.
.
romancer.
:: 1833
.
COMMUNICATION.
.
the first six stories of each of the four writers in ques-
tion, with the dates of their first publication.
MÉRIMÉE.
HAWTHORNE.
Mateo Falcone
The Gentle Boy.
The Vision of Charles XI., 1829 Roger Malvin's Burial 1832
The Taking of the Redoubt 1829 The Wives of the Dead 1832
Tamango
1829 Major Molineaux .
1832
Federigo
1829 The Canterbury Pilgrims 1833
The Pearl of Toledo . 1829 The Seven Vagabonds 1833
BALZAC.
POE.
El Verdugo.
1830 MS. Found in a Bottle 1833 (1831?)
Adieu .
1830 Berenice
Sarrasine
1830 Morella
1835
A Passion in the Desert 1830 Lionizing
1835
An Episode under the Terror 1830 The Unparalleled Adventures
The Conscript.
1831 of One Hans Pfall
1835
The Assignation
1839
All six of the Mérimée stories listed are of the first
rank, which Taine pronounced masterpieces of fiction,
destined to immortality as classics. All, or all but one
(“Sarrasine "), of the Balzac stories are of the first
rank. Of the Hawthorne stories, all but the first are of
Hawthorne's second-best, and none of them are equal
to the best of the Mérimée or Balzac lists. Of the Poe
stories, only two, the first and the last listed, are up to
his highest standard. Poe himself tells us, in a note
affixed to the “ MS. Found in a Bottle,” that this story
was "originally published in 1831," but we have only
his word for it. The facts of the matter seem to be
thus: Mérimée's first really productive year in the
Short Story was 1829; Balzac's, 1830; Hawthorne's,
1832; Poe's, 1835. By reason of “ The Gentle Boy”
(1832), and by that only, Hawthorne could claim pri-
ority to Poe. But this is annulled if we accept Poe's
statement as to the date of the “ MS. Found in a
Bottle.” The only clear way out of the matter is to
accept the first efforts of the thorne nd Poe as coinci-
dent in production. But Mérimée came before Balzac,
and both Mérimée and Balzac preceded Hawthorne
and Poe. Hawthorne has had ascribed to him some
work earlier than “The Gentle Boy,” but it is about as
worthless as the first efforts of a genius well can be;
and there is no positive proof of its authenticity.
It is not well to let our pride in American literatare
allow us to distort facts. Both Hawthorne's and Poe's
service to the Short Story was great. But “ the orig-
inators of the modern Short Story are Mérimée and
Balzac. This is not to say that Mérimée and Balzac
owe nothing to still earlier writers, for their work in
The Short Story, like all other literary
forms, has had a gradual growth. But in their work
the modern Short Story, with its economy of means and
its precision of effect, found its first perfect expression.
ALEXANDER JESSUP.
West field, Mass., Oct. 5, 1903.
THE ORIGINATORS OF THE MODERN SHORT
STORY.
( To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
I think it is Alphonse Daudet who, in one of his
inimitable contes, speaks of a man who was perfectly
sane on all ordinary topics, but whose mind suffered
shipwreck whenever be considered one particular topic.
An analogy might be drawn between Daudet's charac-
ter and most recent critics of the Short Story. They
whose remarks on all other subjects are sound and well-
informed, seem to lose their balance most unaccountably
when dealing with this particular subject. There has
lately been a deal of cheap criticism put forth in regard
to the Short Story; and while the initiated cannot
be misled thereby, it is to be feared that these biased
statements will, unless controverted, deceive the multi-
tude of readers.
Professor Brander Matthews is one of the offenders;
and Professor T. M. Parrott is another. On page
75 of his work on: “ The Philosophy of the Short
Story,” Professor Matthews says: “From Chaucer and
Boccaccio we must spring across the centuries until we
came to Hawthorne and Poe almost without finding
another name that insists upon enrollment." And
Professor Parrott has recently been bolding forth in
a somewhat similar manner in the pages of a well-known
monthly, à propos of Guy de Maupassant.
à
The Short Story owes a great deal both to Hawthorne
and to Poe; but one critic has stumbled blindly after
another in calling either of these writers “the origin-
ator of the modern Short Story.” Both Mérimée and
Balzac wrote some of their very best Short Stories be-
fore either Hawthorne or Poe had written any of theirs.
And the best work of Mérimée and of Balzac has not
since been surpassed in this genre. It is of Balzac's
"La Grande Bretèche” (1832) that Professor William
P. Trent has well said: “It is as dramatic a piece of
writing as Balzac ever did, and is almost if not quite as
perfect a Short Story as any that has since been written
in France.” In his story “A Seashore Drama” (1835),
Balzac bas voiced a never-to-be-forgotten ideal of the
Short Story in these words: “A narrative sharp and
incisive as a blow with an axe.”
It needs only a glance at the chronology of the ear-
liest stories of Mérimée, Balzac, Hawthorne, and Poe,
to see that the credit for precedence belongs to the
two French writers. Washington Irving's “ Rip Van
Winkle" (1819) and Sir Walter Scott's “ Wandering
Willie's Tale” (1824) are not properly Short Stories,
according to the modern definition, but may be said to
be on the dividing line between the modern Short
Story and the ancient tale. In the lists below are placed
a
»
this genre.
One of the most valuable features of the “Centenary”
edition of Emerson's Works now being published by
Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. is the several portraits
of Emerson, which are now for the first time reproduced
with absolute fidelity to the original daguerreotypes
and photographs.
The photogravures contained in
the “Centenary” edition include reproductions of a
daguerreotype of Emerson taken in England in 1847
and now in the possession of the Carlyle family; the
two fine photographs by Hawes in 1854 (one entirely
new to the public); a superb daguerreotype by Whipple
in 1859 which has never been engraved; and the photo-
graph taken by Foss in 1874, which is the best portrait
of the poet and philosopher in his declining years.


254
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
>
in :
6
a
The New Books.
one years of age. Story-writing, play-writing,
and editorial work followed, with now and
then the publication of a poem. Both his se-
MR. TROWBRIDGE'S REMINISCENCES.* rials and many of his short stories appeared
Mr. Trowbridge's narrative of his life and later in book form, and are too well known to
labors is interesting not only for its own sake, call for further mention here. It is not so
but also because it takes us once more among
well known that five volumes of verse stand
those New England immortals who, lost to sight, also to his credit.
. In the capacity of editor,
are every year increasingly dear to memory. Mr. Trowbridge is best remembered as the
Born in 1827, and devoting himself unswerv- able conductor of “Our Young Folks," until
ingly from his youth to the cause of good lit- its publishers courted disaster by less success-
erature, he has every right but the claim of ful enterprises than that excellent magazine.
nativity to a seat in that select circle. Ogden, Mr. Trowbridge's pages are enlivened with
in western New York, was his birthplace, and many an anecdote that will endear him still
so near to midnight was he born that he en- further to his admirers. Here is one illustra-
joyed the singular privilege of choosing be- tive of his unwillingness to say no to the bor-
tween two possible birthdays, the 17th and the rower who is always with us.
18th of September. It is almost superfluous “ After I had been so far prospered as to be able to
to add that the earlier date was the choice of place a small deposit in a savings-bank, the father of a
his boyhood, the later that of his adult years.
family once besought me for a loan of sixty dollars.
When I told him, to my sincere regret, that I had no
Among the writer's childhood experiences
such sum at command, he made answer that his quar-
that appeal so strongly to the boy, or girl, in ter's rent was due, that he had been unable to collect
us all, let us select one. A swamp, apparently some bills he had relied on to make up the needful
impassable and filled with all sorts of delight-
sum, and he didn't know which way to turn, if I
ful imaginary terrors, lay before the Trow-
couldn't help him. “I haven't it,' I repeated; but'-
I thought of my poor little savings-bank deposit, and
bridge homestead. Into this terra incognita, of a family man's natural distress on being unable to
a
however, the boy John mustered up courage pay bis rent — "I might possibly raise it for you.' Al-
to penetrate at the height of an unusually dry though I knew there would be a loss of accumulated
Scrambling through the thicket, he
and prospective interest if I withdrew my money from
the bank, and I could not think of taking interest from
found to his surprise that it was nothing but
a friend, bis expressions of gratitude paid me in ad-
an ordinary belt of woods, with high-and-dry vance for any such sacrifice. I went at once and drew
farm lands beyond. From that day the swamp the sixty dollars, which I handed him without saying
lost its terrors, and he almost wished he had how I had come by it. He paid me in a week or two,
left it unexplored.
thanked me warmly, and added this naïve remark:
• If
you hadn't lent me the money, I should have had
Beginning to write verses at thirteen, the
to take it out of the savings-bank, and have lost the
young poet made his first appearance in print interest.' I smiled and held my peace.”
at sixteen, in the county newspaper. His verses,
on the Tomb of Napoleon, had been written as
Speaking of his literary passions, Mr. Trow.
a school exercise, and owed their publication his debt was greatest. At first, Epes Sargent's
bridge names Emerson as the writer to whom
either to his teacher or to his father. After
satirical comments on the Concord sage had
much private reading and study, a taste of the
inclined the young man against him; but a
classics at a Lockport academy, and two terms
chance quotation that met his eye sent him
of school-teaching, he started at nineteen for eagerly to the Essays, and thereafter he was
New York City to earn his living by his pen,-
a willing captive to their charm. On one oc-
of course with the traditional roll of manu-
casion, when Sargent chanced to find the ob-
script in his pocket or in his carpet-bag. There
ject of his satire browsing among the books at
was the splendid audacity of genius in this ob-
the shop of Phillips, Sampson & Co., he asked
scure country boy's plunge into the life of the
the senior partner for an introduction. The
great city, and his successful struggle to main-
,
tain himself by his pen almost exclusively, de publisher conveyed the request to Emerson,
who bent bis brows and replied in his slow,
spite tempting openings in other directions, emphatic way, –
makes interesting reading. After fifteen months
he removed to Boston, being still under twenty- script ?' Then, after a pause : I have nothing for
Sargent ? Mr. Epes Sargent, of the Evening Tran-
*My Own Story. With Recollections of Noted Per- Mr. Sargent, and Mr. Sargent has nothing for me.'
song. By John Townsend Trowbridge. Illustrated. Boston: Perfectly dispassionate and dignified; but there was
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
nothing more to be said, and Mr. Phillips had to go
season,
6
--


1903.)
255
THE DIAL
back to his visitor and tell him that the desired intro- Emerson, proving conclusively that “Leaves
duction was declined. I was pleased throngh and
of Grass ” was not written, even in its earliest
through to learn how my own grievance in the matter
bad been atoned for, and still more interested to find form, until the poet had become a reader and
that even the serene Concord sage was, after all, hu-
admirer of Emerson. Beside Whitman's own
man, and capable of a righteous resentment, — if that assertions to the author to this effect, several
can indeed be called by so misleading a name which instances are cited of Emerson's thought in
was more likely the feeling he avowed in his letter to
Whitman's verse. The eccentric poet's sturdy
Henry Ware, regarding their differences of opinion :
• I shall read what you and other good men write, as I
defiance of criticism is illustrated in a small
have always done, – glad when you speak my thought, way by bis refusal to correct a false phrase,
and skipping the page that has nothing for me.' He Santa Spirita, which he had coined and printed
simply skipped' Mr. Sargent."
as good Italian, although it was pointed out
At one point in this delightful volume the to him afterward that Spirito Santo, or, in-
reader will be tempted to pick a quarrel with deed, Holy Spirit, would serve his purpose
the author. It is where the latter, after graph- equally well
. But he perversely retained the
ically detailing the incidents that led up to the original blunder in later editions.
threatened duel between Charles G. Halpine Preliminary tastes of “My Own Story”
”
and the poet Handiboe-a duel in which he were given to the public in the “ Atlantic
himself was to have acted as Halpine's second | Monthly.” The book itself is a much more
- suddenly breaks off with this lame and im- considerable and valuable work. Numerous
–
potent conclusion :
photographs, some of them unfamiliar, add not
“How our two principals would have demeaned them- a little to its attractiveness. The total im-
selves if they had thus been brought face to face, wea- pression on the reader is of a life so worthily
pons in band, can only be conjectured; for the affair,
lived that even the fullest account of it need
even while our plans were pending, was precipitated
to a most unlooked-for, calamitous conclusion, the cir-
not shrink from the publicity of the types.
cumstances of which, although I was deeply concerned Especially gratifying is it to recall the author's
in it, cannot be related here.'
courageous rescue of a boy from drowning at
Was it the old continued-story habit that made Mystic Lake, in the winter of 1872, — an act
our narrator thus leave his readers in the lurch? of humanity which the Massachusetts Humane
In this case, unfortunately, there is no cheering Society rewarded with a large silver medal.
prospect of an early sequel, which is all the The writer modestly refers to the incident as
moſe regrettable as the incident is not referred “attesting qualities the quietest life may con-
to by the biographers of the genial “ Miles
“ Miles ceal, even from their possessor.” One is glad
O'Reilly."
to find in this life of honest endeavor and
More than one of the Autocrat's witty say worthy achievement one more illustration of
ings are recorded by Mr. Trowbridge. They the truth of Milton's assertion regarding him
will be new to most readers. When the strife “ who would not be frustrate of his hope to
was raging over the true discoverer of anæs- write well hereafter in laudable things.”
thetics, and a monument in his honor was pro-
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
posed, Dr. Holmes suggested that it should
consist of a central group symbolizing painless
surgery, a statue of Morton on one side, one of
ENGLAND IN THE NINETEENTH
Jackson on the other, and an inscription below
CENTURY.*
“ To E(i)ther.” The writer himself was well
acquainted with Dr. Morton, and unhesitat-
The title, the preface, and the method of
ingly champions his claims.
Mr. Dorman's pretentious “History of the
Bronson Alcott's sancta simplicitas is amus-
British Empire in the Nineteenth Century,"
ingly illustrated by an anecdote.
judged by the first volume, alike inevitably
“ A friend of mine once saw him on a Nantasket challenge comparison with the popular yet
boat, without a ticket, or money to pay for one. When
authentic review of England in the Eighteenth
called to account by the fare-taker, he remarked inno- Century by the historian Lecky. Such com-
cently that the trip had attracted him, and that he be parison is unfortunate for Mr. Dorman. The
lieved there would be some provision,'-
was immediately vindicated by a passenger recognizprincipal characteristics of the earlier work are
ing him, and stepping up to make the said provision.""
readableness, due to a charming and forcible
Many and interesting are Mr. Trowbridge's
*A HISTORY OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN THE 19TH
CENTURY. By Marcus R. P. Dorman, M.A. Volume I.,
memories of Walt Whitman. He clears up the
From the Commencement of the War with France to the Death
disputed point of Whitman's indebtedness to of Pitt, 1793–1805. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.
>
a


256
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
tic
.
style; thorough assimilation and organization on the military and political condition of
of facts, so that tendencies and periods of France; and this view he supports with cita-
development are treated with a logical con- tions from the records of the Foreign Office,
clusiveness; and exhaustive research, in so far quoting also Malmesbury's private correspond-
as materials for study were accessible at the ence. The correctness of this conclusion is not
time of writing. In all three respects, Mr. here denied, though it is at least questionable ;
Dorman is far below the standard of Lecky. but the important point is that the author has
His style is not bad, but it is distinctly not been content to base that conclusion on the
good. Its dry pedanticism oppresses one with official records and on Malmesbury's corre-
the sense of a laborious task honestly and con- spondence alone, and has wholly neglected,
a
scientiously done, yet done without inspiration indeed seems to be unaware of the existence
and without that genius for expression which of, such important sources of information on
characterizes a great historical work. His the point in question as the Dropmore Manu-
facts are given with painstaking exactness, and scripts, giving private and secret instructions
with careful references ; but far from being to diplomats, and other important documents
organized and arranged for the reader's bene- and letters lately published by the Historical
fit, they are made to follow each other in such Manuscripts Commission. Moreover, the polit-
strict order in point of time that they become ical situation in England at the exact moment
a mere catalogue of events - almost, indeed, when Malmesbury departed for Paris, a situa-
an ordinary epitome of history. His research tion of the highest importance to a correct
has been exhaustive in one particular field of understanding of the mission itself, is wholly
investigation, but other and easily accessible neglected, — an omission permissible in a spe-
sources have been largely neglected.
cialized study, but indefensible in what pur-
Judged, then, upon standards of ability in ports to be a comprehensive history of England. .
expression and authoritativeness of statement, The illustration just given is characteristic
the first volume of the present work is not a of the entire work. Its value as a history is
successful general history. Possibly, however, therefore confined to two services : it may be
in the light of the modern tendency among his. useful as a convenient epitome of events, and
torical students to demand exact information it will be a convenient reference for those
rather than illuminative treatment, Mr. Dor- historical students who desire the latest in-
man's work may be received with commenda- formation on questions of fact brought out by
tion for his study of British Foreign Records ; researches in the British Foreign Office Rec-
and had he been content to produce a mon- ords. Even in this latter, however, the work,
ograph setting forth the contents of these if put forth within any reasonable limit, must
documents, in place of attempting a general soon lose its one particular claim to importance,
history, he would have been praised for hav, since the records in question are not open for
ing made a genuine contribution to historical study subsequent to the year 1833. And, fi-
knowledge. He gives us more information nally, it must be evident that anything ap-
than any other author on the official diplomatic proaching an authoritative and conclusive
corresponder ce of England in the period cov. history of the British Empire in the nineteenth
ered. This has been his main study, and this century is as yet an impossibility. The best
should have been the subject of his monograph. that can be hoped for is a practically contem-
Unfortunately for Mr. Dorman, official diplo- poraneous, and fairly exact, general survey.
matic correspondence for any period forms but Mr. Dorman has in fact attempted the im.
a small part of the material necessary to the possible.
E. D. ADAMS.
writing of history. An excellent illustration
of this is offered in the treatment of Malmes- The MACMILLAN Co. have begun the publication of
bury's mission to Paris in 1796, ostensibly to a new edition, revised and enlarged, of " Bryan's Dic-
arrange for peace with France. Mr. Dorman tionary of Painters and Engravers,” under the editorial
makes much of this incident, referring to it in
supervision of Dr. George C. Williamson. There is
little left of the original Bryan of 1816 in this latest
his preface even, because he claims to have
reincarnation of a standard work of reference now
discovered evidence contradictory to the view nearly a century old. The dates of previous revisions
set forth by Lecky, that Pitt honestly intended and enlargements are 1849, 1876, and 1884–9. There
the mission to be productive of peace. Mr.
will be five volumes of the new edition, and the first,
Dorman's view is that Malmesbury was sent
covering three letters of the alphabet, is now at hand. In
this volume alone there are seventy-two new biograph-
solely for the purpose of securing information
ies, besides hundreds of changes in the older articles.


1903.]
257
THE DIAL
>>
.
>
a
J
-
in Marco's “ Yet ask yourself if you have the
A DRAMA OF JUSTICE AND
right to give a whole city up to death, and but
HUMANITY.*
to put off by some sad hours an inevitable ill:
Each new thing by a great man whose work when the city is taken, Vanna will be in the
is already familiar shows us the well-known victor's power ... Surely that is sensible.
figure, but sometimes in strange guise. One If Guido will agree to what is sure to take
hardly knew, at first, where to meet with M. place, the city will be saved; otherwise all will
Maeterlinck in “ Monna Vanna." Here was
be lost together. But he cannot agree; he will
a play of the early Renaissance, and definitely not even give Vanna herself a chance to decide
of places in Italy. Place and time were precise. on any such question. But Marco has already,
There was nothing of that strange and mystic very sensibly, taken the precaution of inform-
country which we have come to think of as
ing her before he told Guido; he saw in her a
Maeterlinck's own,
- that belated Gallic cross kind of force of which her humdrum husband
between Preraphaelitism and German romance,
was unaware. “Everyone sees in another that
that country where the subterraneous ocean which he sees in himself : each one knows him
laps between basaltic walls, and where deep in a different way and according to his power
dungeons with iron-studded doors shut out
of knowing." Guido will not even report the
light and the cheerful sun, the land of ancient
matter to the council. But Marco has reported
forest and of fountains, the land of wise old
it already, and the council with nobility and
kings and weak young men and lovely large- firmness has put the fate of the city in Vanna’s
eyed maids and wives with long locks of gold. hands. “She will give answer for both,” says
Nor was there any everyday realism either, the indignant captain. “I hope so,
" says
such as Maeterlinck approved in theory so long the imperturbable old man, serenely conscious
ago, - the realism of the static theatre, of that she will accept and do what is really for
the old, old house, of the lamp-lit parlor of the best of all. We cannot help sympathiz-
“L'Intrus,” of the evening garden of “L'In- ing with Guido; he is human, but how far
térieur.” “ Monna Vanna" seemed as though from the profound sagacity of the admirable
”
it were to be an ordinary play, as ordinary at Belgian!
least as Browning's “ Luria."
In the second act we get a little bearer what
M. Maeterlinck had heretofore done some- we are accustomed to; and in the last we should
thing to render himself intelligible. “Ardiane surely be quite at home.
et Barbe Bleu " had given some light as to the When Monna Vanna goes in her mantle and
significance of his earlier romance. But when sandals to the tent of Prinzivalle, she hears
one begins “Monna Vanna” one is again in the that they have met before. Is it malicious to
dark. It seems far too ordinary.
point out that it was long since, at a moment
The only relief is that terrible prosy old when she was weeping by a fountain ? That
man, Marco. He is a relief because in his single touch allies Monna Vanna, the noble,
inevitable, undeniable, impracticable appeal to the devoted, the stately, to Alladine, Selysette,
Justice we recognize something of the phi- Melisande, so that we are by no means shocked
losopher whom we have known, if not of the when her heart turns from her simple, com-
playwright. Not because M. Maeterlinck has monplace, selfish husband to the devoted ideal-
heretofore been prosy, but because he has istic condottiere. Not in any ordinary sense,
sought for that absolute common sense consid- of course, it is no vulgar loving and being
-
eration of matters of human passion which loved, — but she recognizes that there is some-
-
Marco seems to have obtained. It seems curi. thing akin to her own high soul in this spirit
ous to speak of a typical character of Maeter- which has remained for twenty years on fire
linck's being instinct with common-sense. But with the intensity of a single moment. They
when Guido, the general of helplessly belea- return together to Pisa, which they have de-
guered Pisa, is so naturally outraged at the livered,
livered, for the victorious mercenary, dis-
idea of sending his wife to the camp of the trusted very rightly by the ungrateful re-
Florentine conqueror, even as the sole means public which he serves, is to be arrested by his
of saving his city, what sound good sense un- own soldiers. Here, surely, is as serene self-
touched by romantic foolishness is to be found confidence in the higher justice as that of old
Marco.
MONNA VANNA. A Play in Three Acts. By Maurice
Maeterlinck. Translated by Alexis Irénée Dupont Coleman,
It is not astonishing that Guido does not
New York: Harper & Brothers.
appreciate this high-mindedness. He is exceed-
-


258
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
And sympa-
--
a
an end.
ingly angry, in the first place, that his wife high-minded, but a man for all that, and not
should have gone on any such excursion, even very different from other men.
with the best of motives : he has not such re- thize as we may with the others, we must admit
pose on universal wisdom that he can believe that the world, and ourselves in it, is still very
that she really loves him if she would do such like Guido. And perhaps we cannot but feel
a thing. Nor when she tells him that she comes that it is quite as well that it is so, for all our
back as pure as she went, does he believe that human institutions, customs, habits ; having
either. Further, when she presents to bim developed on the basis that men are human, it
Privzivalle he so far mistakes her as to fancy is well enough that for a time they should
that she has brought him back to be revenged remain so.
upon him, as he himself had thought of a re- But if so, it would seem that justice
venge
in
years to come. He cannot believe Maeterlinckian justice can hardly, as yet,
that Pripzivalle would have spared Monna Van- live in this world. People do not understand
na for love of her; nor, of course, can he be it. Their personality blinds them : they agree
lieve anything else that comes after. It is all to generalizations in the abstract, but they are
eminently right, wise, just, all that they have outraged at the particular application when it
done; but who can pretend that the crude comes to them in some form that touches them
world of husband and bystander will appre. keenly. Perhaps this may be for a time only:
ciate? They feel, it is true, "an honor more M. Maeterlinck studies to bring that time to
real and a bappiness other than that which leads
the rest astray.” But when she tells how she Such would seem to be the moral position,
and Pripzivalle have but exchanged a kiss upon as we may say, in which M. Maeterlinck wrote
the forehead, who will believe ? Guido sees that “ Monna Vanna.” To take it as the net out-
he may be prejudiced, and he appeals to the come of the play, to fix our eyes upon it to the
crowd to see who will believe.
exclusion of all else, is certainly an uncritical
Marco does believe it; but the others are
thing to do.
But when a man comes before
as we may imagine. And as a close of the the world as a philosopber as well as a play-
play Monna Vanna, desperate at the impossi.wright, we may, perhaps, be excused for busy-
bility of living further on the basis of the ing ourselves with the philosophy of his plays.
truth, sends Pripzivalle to a dungeon on the In this case, if we did not do so, there would be
pretense before her husband and the crowd little else to occupy us. There are in the play,
that it is only that she may herself finally take it is true, not a few of those simple, direct,
vengeance upon
him.
glimpses of truth which M. Maeterlinck's work
I have read somewhere that Maeterlinck had rarely lacks; but save for them and the philos-
ceased to be pessimistic. His earlier plays ophy, there is not much in the painful and
always present people in the grip of an over- preposterous story to interest the reader. Only
mastering fate. Mankind is but
Mankind is but a pygmy in as being a powerful presentation of some truth
the hands of unknown and unavoidable forces of life can such an episode really absorb one's
that hurry it to the tomb by various sure attention.
though devious ways. That conception is cer- As has been said, “ Monna Vanna" is a de-
tainly absent in “Monna Vanna”; we do not parture. As such it does not seem to be per-
have weak and often silly lovers devoted from manent. “Joyzelle," which was produced last
the first exchange of glances to an irrevocable spring, has not been translated, but it is worth
fate. So far, M. Maeterlinck doubtless is not mention here. It resembles neither M. Mae-
80 pessimistic in “Monna Vanna" as in some terlinck's earlier work nor that which just pre-
earlier plays, - so far he may be called an opti- cedes it; nor does it carry on the ideas of
mist. But when he looks out at the world he either, so far as is superficially obvious. While
is surely not very optimistic. For what is the it deals vaguely with unseen powers, and with
case of this play? It is that though as we justice, its main motive is presented with a
read we can sympathize entirely with the sense simplicity with which it has not heretofore ap-
of justice of Marco, the simple truth of Monna peared in M. Maeterlinck's writings. That mo-
Vanna, the unmeasured devotion of Prinzivalle, tive is the absolute power of Love. Here our
- although we can take their view and pro- author is on safer ground than that which he
nounce it right, yet we must also have a fellow sometimes occupies, and his work is in conse-
feeling for the others who will not believe. quence more commonplace.
Guido is selfish, no doubt; blind, by no means
EDWARD E. HALE, JR.
a fit
-
а


1903.)
259
THE DIAL
a whole.
It is clear and accurate, and reveals
THE HISTORICAL STUDY OF PHILOSOPHY."
a good deal of solid learning. As a convenient
The multiplication, in the last few years, of handbook for the student with a technical in-
books intended to serve as an introduction to
terest, it is perhaps superior in some ways to
the historical study of philosophy, and of the
any of its predecessors. An immense amount
great philosophical systems, marks, one may
of information is crowded into it, and the me-
hope, a growing sense of the value which such
chanical arrangement is admirable for ready
a study has for culture and for life. It has
reference. The volume includes a good sum-
been quite too common to find among educated mary of Oriental thought, as well as a bird's-eye
men a conception of philosophy which is noth-
view of the philosophy of the present day. It is
ing less than a caricature, and a consequent of course inevitable that the exposition should,
disparagement of its aims and achievements
under the circumstances, be rather bare and
which only a profound ignorance can excuse. formal, and at times should be too technical to
It is hard to avoid setting this down as one mean much to the untrained reader; but for
more evidence of the intellectual flabbiness
the most part it may be said to be as intelligible
which has seemed likely to overtake us and our
as the plan of the book could well admit.
education, and which draws back from any
Less encyclopædic in character, but for that
really honest and thorough-going scrutiny of
reason much more interesting from the stand-
things in the intellectual realm, satisfied with point of the general reader, is Mr. Dewing's
vague impressions and half interpreted intui-
"Introduction to the History of Modern Phi.
tions and feelings. Philosophy is only the losopby.” Here the primary aim is rather to
record of man's most stubborn attempts to
furnish an introduction to philosophical think-
understand himself and the world; and a cul- ing than to supply a book of reference. To
ture which ignores these can bardly claim to be
this end there is a preliminary discussion of
well-rounded.
philosophical terms and problems which is
Two introductory outlines of the history of helpful; and throughout the effort is to inter-
philosophy have appeared during the present pret points of view rather than merely to sum.
year, and both of these have distinct merits.
marize conclusions. The writer shows himself
The most noticeable feature of Turner's “ His.
to be possessed of a distinct gift for lucid ex-
tory of Philosophy” is the thoroughness with position. The sections on Berkeley and on
which it deals with a period which has usually Kant might perhaps be singled out as good
been somewhat neglected — the Middle Ages. examples of this skill; the whole treatment,
This furnishes, indeed, as the preface states, indeed, of the German Idealists is excellent, as
the special excuse for the book's existence.
an elementary introduction to a very difficult
The account of Medieval Philosophy, accord- subject. The author concentrates attention
ingly, occupies nearly a third of the six hun. almost wholly on the side of technical phi-
dred odd pages of the volume, and it supplies losophy, and there is not much attempt to re-
what probably is the most convenient summary late this to the wider and less closely reasoned
of the scholastic writers that is available. To
influences which enter into modern thought.
one who is not convinced, with the author, that So Rousseau, for example, is not even men-
Scholasticism at its best represents the most tioned. But in the region of philosophical
solid achievement of human thought, to which theory, a fair degree of success is attained in
we are destined to go back after the vagaries bringing out the continuity of development;
which have led much of recent philosophy and the brief introductory statements and sum-
astray, it seems doubtful whether it is wise ped-maries contain not a few judicious remarks.
agogically to utilize this material for the ordi- A summing up of present tendencies, in the
dary student; but no doubt for a work which concluding chapter, is rather more useful than
pretends to cover the field impartially, it rep- such attempts are apt to be, and gives a pretty
resents more nearly the true proportion of em. good general survey of some of the significant
phasis than does the treatment of the ordinary sides of contemporary thought.
text-book. Apart from its treatment of this
A. K. ROGERS.
special period, however, the book has merits as
HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY. By William Turner, S.T.D.
“ How to Study Shakspere," by Mr. William H.
Boston: Ginn & Co.
Fleming, is a work published by Messrs. Doubleday,
AN INTRODUCTION TO TAE HISTORY OF MODERN PHIL- Page & Co. It has hitherto consisted of two volumes,
OBOPHY. By Arthur Stone Dewing. Philadelphia: J. B. and a third is now added to the series, giving special
Lippincott Co.
studies of five additional plays.


260
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
a
attracted much deserved attention. It was fol.
RECENT FICTION.*
lowed by “Love with Honour,” a very inferior
Some time ago a London publisher inserted ad-
production, which afterwards turned out to be the
vertisements in the newspapers calling for the
reprint of an earlier book, although this fact, un-
owner of a manuscript novel that had come to him fortunately for the author's reputation, was not made
from an anonymous source. Inclosed in a red box,
clear. Now we have “ The House on the Sands,"
the manuscript had been received at his office, ac-
which we presume is a new novel. It is not a very
companied by no clue to its authorship. Mean- pleasant performance, and contains hardly a single
while, its publication was decided upon, and a number sympathetic figure. In its deliberate choice of dis-
of persons were asked to suggest an appropriate agreeable scenes and situations, as well as in the
name. By a most surprising coincidence, without
forced smartness of its diction, it reminds us a little
any consultation or collusion, these persons (no
of the books of " Benjamin Swift,” which provide
less than seven in number) all suggested “ The MS.
a certain intellectual satisfaction, but leave the emo-
in a Red Box as a fitting title. Thus styled, the tions cold. English politics form its groundwork,
book is now given to the public with the benefit of and it is given a topical character by the fact that
an amount of ingenious advance advertising that the hero is a member of the Government riding
falls to the lot of few new novels. It turns out to
the hobby of imperialism. His particular scheme is
be a fairly readable romance of the conventional the nationalization of the shipping interests, which
sort, which just escapes being hackneyed by the
serves as well as another for the embodiment of the
possession of a historical framework that has not
Chamberlain type of statesmanship. The scenery
heretofore, as far as we are aware, been brought is mostly Cornish, for that is the scenery that Mr.
into the novelist's service. During the early years
Marriott best knows, and whatever success he
of the reign of Charles I., some years before the
achieves is in the depiction of the scenes and char-
development of the dispute about the ship money,
acters of the tin country. At its highest, the style
the King granted to certain Dutchmen the right to of the book comes in touch with distinction, but for
construct drainage works in Lincolnshire for the the most part it seems strained and unreal.
purpose of reclaiming the feng. This grant aroused
“ The Yellow Crayon," by Mr. E. Phillips Op-
the antagonism of the inhabitants, and the men who penheim, is a shocker of the most pronounced sort.
were working the concession had to contend with The scenes shift with bewildering rapidity, and
an opposition that found expression in suits at law there is a thrill in every chapter. They are thrills
and in physical violence. About this situation a
of melodramatic creating, as a rule, for the story
pretty story has been planned, filled with perils and is one of an oath-bound secret society, which resorts
hair-breadth escapes, and working out to the in-
to the usual tricks for the furtherance of its ends.
evitable pairing of the valiant English hero with
Its officers write their orders with a yellow crayon,
the engaging Dutch heroine. The novel is no bet- which is the explanation of the title. The scene is
ter and no worse than scores of others of its kind. first in America, but soon changes to England,
Mr. Charles Marriott's “The Column" was a where the society is plotting for the overthrow of a
novel of striking freshness and individuality, and powerful radical leader. This is the leading mo-
tive of the book, but many private interests come
* THE MS. IN A RED Box. New York: John Lane.
into play, and there is no end of excitement. The
THE HOUSE ON THE SANDS. By Charles Marriott. Now
thing is done deftly enough, but the result is cheap
York: John Lane.
stuff at the best.
THE YELLOW CRAYON. By E. Phillips Oppenheim. New
York: Dodd, Mead & Co.
An awkward title “ Where Love Is”- has
WHERE LOVE Is. By William J. Locke. New York: been given by Mr. W. J. Locke to his latest novel.
John Lane.
T'he story moves in the London society of today,
DESPOTISM AND DEMOCRACY. A Study in Washington which the author knows well and appraises with a
Society and Politics. New York: McClure, Phillips & Co.
fair sense of relative values. There is much talk,
THE CALL OF THE Wild. By Jack London. New York:
The Macmillan Co.
smart or serious as the circumstances may demand,
The Maids OF PARADISE. A Novel. By Robert W.
and natural in either case. The characters are nu-
Chambers. New York: Harper & Brothers.
merous, and distinctly drawn; indeed, Mr. Locke's
THE LITTLE SHEPHERD OF KINGDOM COME. By John best gift is that of characterization. The plot is
Fox, Jr. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
particularly hackneyed. A young woman, trained
THE VAGABOND. By Frederick Palmer. New York:
all her life for husband-hunting, is about to be
Charles Scribner's Sons.
THE CAREER TRIUMPHANT. By Honry Burnham Boone.
mated with a man of the most eligible description,
New York: D. Appleton & Co.
from society's point of view. A most ineligible
THE MILLIONAIRE's Son. By Anna Robeson Brown. man, a struggling artist, appears upon the scene,
Boston: Dana Estes & Co.
awakens her better instincts, and finally wins her
THE LAW OF LIFE. By Anna McClure Sholl. New
affections, although there is no deliberate siege on
York: D. Appleton & Co.
THE CASTLE OF TWILIGHT. By Margaret Horton Potter.
his part, and on hers only a dim sub-consciousness
Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co.
of what is going on until the crisis is precipitated.
THE SHADOW OF VICTORY. A Romance of Fort Dear-
This crisis comes when she discovers that the man
born. By Myrtle Reed. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. to whom she is plighted has been guilty of one of


1903.)
261
THE DIAL
a
the foulest of offenses, and that the artist has vincing to dull skepticism while it is being read.
sought to save him by assuming the burden of the Doubts arise afterwards, and they are probably
sin. She indignantly breaks off her engagement, legitimate, but while the spell of the story is upon
discerns that she has loved the artist all along, and us, we are willing to allow that a dog may have the
plans a marriage with him. By all the sentimental complex inner life which is here depicted. For
rules that govern such situations, this should be the the hero of this book is a dog, and the human be-
end of the novel, or it should end with this con- ings who appear are of only secondary importance.
summation clearly in view. But the author does He is a dog kidnapped from his home in Califor-
not play the game fairly. Having brought us thus
. Having brought us thus nia, where he has led an easy and irresponsible
far, he abandons sentiment (which has hitherto life, to be broken into the service of sled-hauling
been consistently worked) for realism and stern in Alaska. He makes many trips over the deso-
logic, makes his heroine suddenly revolt against late Northern trails, falling in succession to several
the prospect of a life of poverty, and dismisses her masters, and shows himself equal to all emergen-
from the scene as the hasty bride of a third man, cies. And all these experiences, while they harden
who has before this hardly figured in the plot. This his muscles and develop his adaptiveness to new
sudden break in the natural development of the conditions, are at the same time working power-
story is as anpardonable as it is startling, and con- fully to bring out the slumbering instincts of his
stitutes a serious defect. Granted that the senti- wolfish ancestry; he hears “the call of the wild”
mental theory is a convention, it is inexcusable to more and more distinctly, and civilization gradu-
construct nine-tenths of a novel upon that basis, and ally drops away from him, until in the end, the
then give us the other tenth (with the conclusion) last and best of his masters having been slain by
upon a totally different plan. Mr. Locke's attempt the Indians, he abandons civilization for good, and
to make this outcome seem legitimate is a miserable joins the wolf-pack, of which his strength and craft
failure, and spoils what would otherwise have been at once make him the leader. The story is cer.
an especially good story of its kind.
tainly an impressive one, made so by the author's
The peculiar blend of public and private inter-insight into canine nature, and by the infusion of
ests that is characteristic of the life of our national much poetical feeling. Mr. London has not a lit-
capital has been found attractive by a number of tle of the magic which makes " The Jungle Book”
novelists, although the possibilities of the subject almost the best of Mr. Kipling's writings.
are as yet far from having been exhausted. The Mr. Robert W. Chambers has a pretty taste in
anonymous author of “Despotism and Democ- titles. “The Maids of Paradise” is almost as alluring
racy ” is the latest experimenter in this field of 28 " Ashes of Empire," but it does not fit the subject
fiction, and his work is singularly delicate in its matter quite as well. Paradise is a Breton village,
expression and singularly penetrating in its analy. and its maids are mostly legendary. There is one
sis of the social and political forces that actuate maid, however, the heroine, who is a very real per-
men and women in Washington society. It is son, and a charming one. She is the Countess de
clearly the work of a first-hand observer, for it Vassart, and a dreamer. She becomes the tool of
avoids the pitfalls that await anyone working in an unscrupulous agitator, who poses in her presence
this material speculatively and at a distance. The as an apostle of universal brotherhood, and who is
contrast between the theory and the practice of the really a leader of the Reds of Belleville, and a
Federal Government can be understood only by the master spirit of the Internationale. For the story
observer at close range, and a theoretical study of is of the war between France and Prussia, a matter
the documents, unsupplemented by direct observa- with which Mr. Chambers has already proved his
tion, is sure to result in a hopelessly distorted pic- acquaintance in the series of three romances which
ture. In its private aspect, this novel is by no are probably his best. The hero in the present in-
means thrilling, for its characters are all elderly stance is an American going by the name of Scar-
people who think well before they act, and do not lett. We never learn what his real name is, for
permit passion to blur their vision. They are gen- when he reveals it in the end, it is only in a whis-
aine individuals of interestingly varied types, actu- pered communication to the Countess. He is first
ated by motives which, whether mean or generous, an officer of the Imperial Police, and in that ca-
find their full warrant in the facts of average hupacity takes part in the early frontier operations of
man nature. They include several men in high the war, and, among other things, rescues the he-
political positions, who do not seem to be actual roine and discomfits the villain. Afterwards, dis-
characters in disguise, although the temptation to missed from the service, and forced to disguise
find for them such identification is now and then himself, he joins an American circus traveling in
strong. A certain amount of composite construc- France, and acts as lion-tamer. The scene is then
tion from actual life may perhaps be admitted ; transferred to Paradise, and the interest centres in
more than this it would be rash to assume.
a plot, engineered by the villain, to capture the
Mr. Jack London has certainly done a clever crown treasures that have been sent to the Breton
and appealing piece of work in “The Call of the coast for safety. Amid much excitement the vil-
Wild,” which must rank high among animal stories lain is thwarted, while hero and heroine come to
and, pace Mr. Burroughs, is made sufficiently con- the usual understanding. The story is a capital
,


262
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a
one, full of vivid action, and colored with the poet- have done. This quality is combined with the
ry of genuine romance. May the author give us qualities of self-confidence and determination, and
many more of the kind, and increase the debt of the combination proves equal to the most stubborn
our gratitude to him for wholesome and stirring en- occasions. Among the countless stories of the
tertainment.
Civil War that have thus far been written, the two
“The Little Shepherd of Kingdom Come” is the we have just described must be set very near the
quaint but not infelicitous title of a new story by top of the list.
Mr. John Fox, Jr., the longest that he has thus far Mr. Henry Burnham Boone, who has written
written. The scene is Kentucky, the time that of two Virginia novels in conjunction with Mr. Ken-
the Civil War and the years preceding. The ele- neth Brown, now gives us, in “ The Career Tri-
ments of the story are all familiar: there is the umphant," a book that is wholly his own.
It is a
ambitious boy struggling for education in a rude breezy book, with no pretensions to style, telling its
and uncouth environment, there is the clash of pas- story pleasantly, and from an intimate acquaintance
sionate opinion incident to the outbreak of the with the ways of Virginians. The heroine is a tal-
Great Rebellion, there are the inevitable family ented girl who makes for herself a “career triumph-
divisions and personal estrangements, there is the ant” upon the stage, and the conflict between her
Southern heroine indignant at the course of the hero ambition and her love keeps the story going until
in becoming a Union soldier, there are the battle it has attained the dimensions necessary to a self-
scenes and the opportunities they afford for mutual respecting novel. This feat is accomplished by a a
services on the part of the friends in the opposed resort to the old device of the misunderstanding
camps, and there is the chastened conclusion and which keeps the lovers apart for several years.
It
reconciliation. All these things, of course, have is hard to imagine what our novelists would do if
been described many times before, but rarely with they had not this trick to fall back upon, or if their
equal charm and poetic sentiment. Specifically, readers were suddenly to lose interest in persons
the story reflects the war as it was felt in a Border who, otherwise sensible and intelligent, are repre-
State, where it was harder to bear than elsewhere sented as capable of this particular sort of foolish-
because of the intimate ties which it was sure to ness where their chief interests are concerned.
sunder, and in this respect Mr. Fox has given us a “ The Millionaire's Son," by Mrs. Anna Robe-
fair counterpart of what was given us by Mr. son Brown, bas for its scene a university town in
Churchill in " The Crisis.” The most important New England. The university is named Chilling-
historical figure is that of John Morgan the raider, worth, and corresponds to no actual institution, al-
whose dashing career provides many picturesque though there is now and then a possible suggestion
and dramatic incidents. The first part of the book, of either Williams or Brown. The principal char-
describing the hero's boy hood, is the best; the war acter is a young man born to wealth (as the title
part is too confused to be wholly successful. But indicates) but inheriting a marked intellectual bent,
whatever its defects, the book is one that does presumably from his grandfather, who is a delight-
marked credit to its author, and insures for him ful figure of a belated transcendentalist, keeping his
henceforth a position the promise of which was soul alive on the spiritual memories of New En-
held out by his earlier work, although the fullfil. gland's golden age.
gland's golden age. The young man honestly at-
ment has been long delayed.
tempts to meet his father's wishes, and devote bim-
Still another Civil War story, in its main outline self to the business operations which have prospered
running curiously parallel to the one just discussed, 80 exceedingly in the hands of the older man. But
is “ The Vagabond,” by Mr. Frederick Palmer. the scholarly impulse proves too strong for him, and
Here again is an orphan hero, a runaway in child- his course is eventually decided by his successful
hood, who becomes a man and a soldier, fights on competition for a university scholarship, offered by
the Union side through the four years of strife, and an unknown benefactor, and providing a generous
wins the love of the Southern heroine after the income for its recipient. It turns out that his father
neccessary difficulties and misunderstandings. He
He is the unknown donor, but the prize has been fairly
starts life somewhere in New England, and reaches won, and the son accepts it, together with the con-
the field of warfare after a détour to California sequence of being cut off from the family fortunes.
with the forty-niners. Mr. Palmer has been more A suitable heroine is provided, who finally yields
successful with his war scenes than Mr. Fox, and because of this sacrifice, and who is an altogether
his account of Bull Run is particularly well done. charming and high-minded young woman. The es-
The later scenes take in the Shenandoah and the sence of the book is found in this conflict between
final operations about Richmond. On the other the lower and the higher motive, and the narrative
hand, Mr. Palmer's style is not nearly so good as is informed throughout by a true and healthy ideal-
that of Mr. Fox; it is often careless and some- ism. It is, moreover, an exceptionally well-written
times difficult. The “vagabond” hero is a very and interesting story, with much variety of charac-
engaging youth in all the stages of his career; bis ter and incident, and many happy bits of detail.
straightforward ingenuousness makes friends for It reflects some things that are not pleasant, such
him both within and without the book, and serves as the snobbishness of a society in which the Brah-
him far better than either subtlety or craft would min caste persists, and the commercial conception
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1903.)
263
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9
of a university sometimes held by its trustees, but performance than the earlier books of this talented
these things are true, and belong to the picture. writer, but exhibits, if anything, an advance in lit-
Curiously enough, a second novel coming to us erary skill. It is, in a sense, a bistorical romance
at the same time is also concerned with the life of of the days of feudalism, and seeks especially to
a university town, and is, like the other, the work portray the conditions under which women of noble
of a woman. In “ The Law of Life," by Miss birth lived their lives in those far-off days. There
Anna McClare Sholl, the university stands out as a are no adventures worth speaking of, and no spec-
distinctly-drawn portrait of Cornell, although the tacular dramatic situations, but there is instead a
characters are not particularly suggestive of actual deeply sympathetic portrayal of the conditions of
persons. In this novel, the interests of the University every day domestic existence in a Breton castle,
occupy the entire ground, and the traits of its deni. remote from the world in which arms clash and
zens are portrayed with peculiarintimacy. The tone passions rule. There are passions, to be sure, in
of its special combination of social and academic the existence of these secluded women, but they are
life is caught with surprising success
the narrow- subdued in tone, and their tragic issue is softened.
ness of the intellectual horizon, the interrelations The book has many tender and graceful pages, and
of a small society thrown almost wholly on its own in place of excitement offers us that elusive quality
resources, and the momentous significance assumed which we call atmosphere for lack of a more definite
by petty questions of rank, and promotion, and com- characterization. The title is happily suggestive of
pensation. The exaggerated self-consciousness of the melancholy and even sombre tone of the entire
the student body of such an institution has often composition.
been exhibited in tales of college life; the present Historical romance of a very different sort,
work gives us as a counterpart the special type of sprightly (too sprightly), stirring, and filled with a
equally exaggerated self-consciousness developed in certain sort of actuality, is given us by Miss Myrtle
the members of the teaching body and their wives. Reed in “ The Shadow of Victory," a story of Fort
The one broad question raised which involves a Dearborn and the Indian massacre which marks
principle of ethics is that of the attitude of a uni- the entrance of early Chicago into spectacular his-
versity toward the would be benefactor of dubious tory. The story was clamoring for treatment, and
reputation. In this case his name is John Rebbor Mies Reed has done fairly well with it, although
(a name better understood when spelled backwards) the material is thin and requires to be eked out by
and he offers an endowment of millions on condition many trivialities. As a whole, it has neither depth
of being made a trustee. The single scene in which of insight nor strength of grasp, but it keeps the in-
he appears in person is remarkably well done. The terest awake, and the climax, when at last reached,
outcome of the gift is the triumph of the president's is vigorously presented. The horror of that August
worldly wisdom, and the dismissal of the young in- day, when the devoted little band of whites started
structor who has led the opposition. We have said for the Fort Wayne trail, knowing that they were
nothing thus far to account for the title of the book, advancing to as sure a fate (and one more horrible)
which has also its aspect as a study of genuine hu- as that which faced the heroic Spanish sailors at
man passion. This same young instructor has for Santiago, is depicted with perhaps as much of ro-
his chief a middle-aged and absent-minded professor mantic coloring as is admissible without departing
of mathematics. And this same professor has for a far from the recorded facts.
ward a shy and unsophisticated maiden who comes
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
to college knowing much of books but nothing of
life. The guardian finds it pleasant to have her
about, and asks her to marry him, which she con-
NOTES ON NEW NOVELS.
sents to do. After the wedding, be returns to his
problems, and leaves her to amuse herself. Mean- Interpretations of the life of a Western millionaire
resident in New York forin the theme of Mr. William
while, the young instructor discovers that he loves
her, and she, gradually awakening to the meaning
Dean Howells's “Letters Home” (Harper). The daugh-
ter of a rich man writes to a girl friend in Iowa; a
of womanhood, finds out to ber horror that she is
young man with literary ambitions writes to the editor
far more deeply interested in the younger than in
of the local paper; his friend, an employee of the rich
the older man. Then follow the usual struggles and man, writes to his brother, the clergyman in the town;
temptations, but her Puritan conscience wins the
the secretary and companion of the rich man's daughter
victory, and the moral law - 6 the law of life' writes to her mother in Central New York; and a
is vindicated. In proportion as she rises in our Boston man of leisure sends word of his impressions of
esteem the man sinks, and he gets much the lesser
them all to his sister-in-law in New England. The
share of our sympathy when in the end he goes
book affords proof of Mr. Howells's earlier statement
forth into the world to begin life over again. The
that practically all Americans, in or out of cities, are
author of this novel is to be congratulated upon a
country born and bred; and so of the corollary that
they are pretty much at heart the same sort of human
performance that is far above the average in artistic
beings. The complicated little romance in the letters
and ethical quality.
might quite as well have worked itself out in the Iowa
“The Castle of Twilight,” by Miss Margaret home of most of the characters, the enormous wealth
Horton Potter (Mrs. Black), is a somewhat slighter being too recently acquired to have hardened the hearts
a


264
[Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
of its possessors. The nice differentiation of individ- the text, and the book is handsome in outward form.
ualities which is so entirely Mr. Howells's may be seen An artless story of the Maine woods, and of a little
here at its best, especially his understanding of the settlement on their verge and far from a railway, will
feminine mind which relates him to Anthony Trollope. be found in “The Hermit” (Lee & Shepard), by Mr.
Of the three latest works of fiction from this distin- Charles Clark Munn. At almost a single stroke, a
guished hand, this is perhaps the most generally inter- young man who has left the town and made his fortune
esting.
in the great world puts himself in the way of regaining
In her new book, slight as it is in volume, Miss Alice his boyhood's sweetheart and of clearing up a mystery
Brown proves anew her right to rank with the best that has harrowed the community for many years.
In
American writers of fiction. “Judgment” (Harper) is a remote nook of the great forest that stretches over
so brief it must be called a novelette. Its protagonist Maine and British America to the eastward, he chances
is the wife of a man of the largest commercial affairs,
upon
the strange old fellow who gives title to the story,
governed by a severe sense of justice to which, presum- and who proves to be the co-heir to the large property
ably, he has in turn sacrificed his son, his daughter, and that has been amassed by the town miser. A rude sort
is on the point of sacrificing all his employees when the of poetic justice is dealt this sordid old man through
story begins. As a matter of spiritual fact, it is the wife the instrumentality of a small boy he has deeply and
whom he loves so passionately and tenderly who has doubly wronged. Apart from this, the book is a peace-
been the real, if vicarious, sacrifice on every occasion. ful and happy one, with many well-defined personalities
She is engaged, after the manner of wholly unselfish in its pages, — that of the narrator, conventionalized by
womanhood, in attempting to keep her son's affianced contact with wider interests, being the most poorly
wife from a sorrow that rises from his past as well, and defined of them all.
comes within a little of giving up her love in the deed. The “labor question” fills a large share of the pleas-
Her danger awakens her husband to the truth which ant story told by Miss Mary Moss under the title of
his daughter forces upon him, and the book concludes “A Sequence in Hearts" (Lippincott), one of the lead-
simply, after dealing with the most subtle of human ing characters being the owner and operator of an
motives. It is a worthy piece of literature in every anthracite mine. The difference in a business personally
respect.
conducted as this is, and of one in the hands of an
One notes an unusually large proportion of novels of impersonal and soulless corporation, is well marked.
the day in which either the hero, the heroine, or both, But the real meaning of the story, as its namo suggests,
are far past the first flush of youth. In some of these is to be found in the manner in which a young man gets
books there is unquestionably the reflection of an age of on with a new love after he is off with the old. This, it
growing luxury in which matrimony is deferred until a is true, leaves the most fascinating personality in the
high standard of living can be maintained. In others story without even the shadow of a consolation, — rather
it is probably due to the writer's advancing age on one a striking defect in such a story; but it is well worked
side, and to the late coming into the leisure necessary out with this exception, and promises favorably for
for the indulgence of the reading habit on the other. Miss Moss's future in literature.
Whatever the reason, Miss Eliza Orne White's “ Leslie Sixteen tales, each complete in itself, make up the
Chilton” (Houghton) is unusual, even among its kind, contents of Mrs. Elia W. Peattie's volume entitled “ The
in making the hero an elderly widower with several Edge of Things” (Revell). All of them have to do with
"
children, who gains and keeps the affection of a girl the confines of American civilization, most of them hav-
through his intellectual and moral worth. By way of ing their scene laid in the Southwest, where the shep-
compensating disadvantages, the young woman is an herd has succeeded to the cowboy, but some of them
ardent advocate of equal political rights for her sex, a carrying the tale on to the Klondike region. Practically
fact which leads to her acquaintance with her true love, the same persons appear and reappear in the entire
and, through the curious medium of a public debate on series, working out a number of distinct romances. The
the question, to their better knowledge of one another. strength of Mrs. Peattie's writing lies largely in her
Their marriage under the circumstances is in some- ability to correlate the spiritual life of her people with
thing of the nature of an armed neutrality. Slight as their surroundings, and she has here sought to accom-
the materials for romance are in such a story, Miss plish for the sheep rancher what she has previously done
White has made the most of them, never falling below for the dweller in the Western mountains, and the
an assured if mild degree of interest.
farmer on the prairies of the Mississippi valley.
Among the serious works of art put forth in the Mrs. George C. Riggs (Kate Douglas Wiggin) brings
guise of the historical novel, “ Gorgo, a Romance of to her“ Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm” (Houghton) the
Old Athens" (Lothrop) shows not only an adequate same delightful play of wit that animated her tales of
conception of the story-teller's function, but a close foreign travel; and her story is the pleasantest possible
knowledge of the time and country treated, and their reading in consequence. It follows the fortune of a
availability for the purposes of romance. The author spirited and mischievous little girl, through her school
is Professor Charles K. Gaines, Ph.D., of the St. graduation into her work as teacher in one of the bleak-
Lawrence University; and it is unnecessary to add that est parts of New England bleakest in both a material
his chair is that of Greek. Here the great deeds and and spiritual sense. A man of means and cultivation
sorrows of the Athenians in the days of Pericles unroll comes into her life very early, and at the close of the
before the reader's eyes. The overthrow in Sicily, book bids fair to remain in it until the end. Rebecca
with the death of Socrates, the saddest episode in can be depended upon to endear herself to the reader
Grecian history, — finds its due place in the narrative; long before the story is done, and the general impression
and no higher praise can be awarded than to say that left by the book is one of gratefulness to the author.
the English account leaves an adequate impression of pretty little study of Provence at the height of its
the disaster as we know it from Thucydides. The literary fame has been made by Mrs. Julia de Wolf
illustrations, by Mr. George Varian, really illustrate Addison in “ Florestane the Troubadour, a Mediæval
9
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1903.)
265
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Romance of Southern France” (Estes). The courts of book is laid down with the feeling that its hero is con-
love, the contests of the trouvéres, the lawlessness of ventionally American or not, it will surely be found
the barons, the power of the Church, the superstitions that he is of his own place and time, and that, however
regarding witches and their arts, and the splendor of uncouth, the author has here drawn the figure of a manly
the aristocracy, all have due place in the foreground, man. His career is that of captain of a lumber schooner
and are of the essence of romance. If any valid criti- | trafficking on the Great Lakes, and involves many stir-
cism is to be urged against the book, it is to the effect ring episodes, including the loss of his vessel in a heavy
that the actors are not quite buman enough, their deeds gale. Mr. Merwin shows himself master of his mate-
and words being as remote as their surroundings. The rials, and few books more convincingly realistic bave
introduction of Cimabue, Sordello, and Dante, among
been written.
the characters, is well carried off, once it is granted Mr. Roswell Field has written his third graceful story
that the two last named are dragged in by the heels, so and called it “The Bondage of Ballinger" (Revell).
to speak.
It will recall his brother Eugene's “ Love Affairs of a
Following his curious tales of Captain Kettle,” Mr. Bibliomaniac" in its choice of subject matter, the hero
Cutcliffe Hyne has found scope for his wide knowledge of it being himself an ardent lover of rare editions of
of the sea and its servants in another series grouped worthy books. He is, moreover, a man of small means,
under the name of their narrator, “ McTodd” (Mac- a printer by trade, who keeps himself and his patient
millan). Kettle, it will be remembered, was a reli- wife in poverty through his inability to withstand tempt-
gionary of a pronounced Protestant type; McTodd is a ation such as ordinarily besets the bibliophile. Fortu-
Scotchman of views equally pronounced, but differing nately for himself and the world, the charming old
widely from his predecessor in manifesting his Cal- fellow undertakes to teach a youthful neighbor, only
vinistic bias only when under the influence of much daughter of a merchant prince, what it is in books that
liquor. His adventures are in the Arctic zone for is so engrossing; and in later life it is she who acts as
the most part, with some divergences into equatorial his preserver,
- more than that, as the preserver of his
Africa. He is an engineer of a sort, and an interesting darling library. It requires both skill and courage to
though wholly unlovable person. The book abounds write a serene, placid, affectionately disposed story like
in humor, sometimes of a rather broad and sailorlike this, in which there are no unworthy passions and none
flavor; and it is pleasant to read for those who like ad- of what the modern reader calls “ love interest."
venture and the sea.
Since the use by Miss Molly Elliot Seawell of the
There is always a placid sort of interest and whole- word “sprightly" in one of her romances, no word has
someness attaching to Miss Rosa Nouchette Carey's been as fit for their characterization as a whole. And
stories, which can be perused without fear of their of none of them is it any more apt than of “The
bringing a blush to the cheek of the most innocent, Fortunes of Fifi” (Bobbs-Merrill). Given a bright
making them very safe reading for the young lady of and pretty little Italian girl, adopted as a Parisian by
the United Kingdom and the United States. In “A an old soldier of the Empire, make them both actors in
Passage Perilous" (Lippincott) Miss Carey has gone
(
a little Parisian theatre, give her the Pope for an uncle
as far toward extreme as is possible with her, her and him the friendship of the great Napoleon bimself,
heroine marrying an officer in the British army after a and it is evident that all that happens must be inter-
mere shred of a courtship, leaving him at the church esting to dwellers in times and under skies less romantic
door immediately after the ceremony in compliance than those that are here depicted.
with orders taking him to the war just breaking in It required considerable daring for Mr. Roland
South Africa. Love was practically out of the ques- Burnham Molineux to seize upon the notorious amour
tion between them, but the dangers he suffers bring between Lady Hamilton and Lord Nelson as the basis
about their customary Othello-like effect, the attain- of “The Vice Admiral of the Blue” (Dillingham), and
ment of a modus vivendi with his mother occupying most almost as much to put the story in the mouth of
of the narrative between her husband's departure and Admiral Sir Thomas Masterman Hardy, Bart., Nelson's
return.
devoted friend and the receiver of his dying request.
There is little attempt to portray the reconstructed There is, of course, no reason why, if the facts are as
Southerner in Miss Elizabeth Bisland's “ A Candle of they are here reported, they should be suppressed in
Understanding" (Harper), the story opening, just at the order to leave the figure of England's greatest seaman
close of the war between the States, on a sugar planta- as immaculate as it is heroic; but when doubt so grave
tion in Louisiana, with its proprietor in failing circum- exists, as in the case of the entire series of episodes at
stances. It is told by his daughter, a tiny girl at the the court of Naples, it is hardly fair to set them down
outset, and follows her hard and unlovely life, until, as they are told here, without any question of their
years after, she achieves success on the metropolitan actuality. The rest of the story is intensely interesting,
stage. The story is exceedingly well told, with a fine and is told with more than ordinary skill.
humor and an outline both delicate and firm. While It is a far cry to the Southwestern frontier when the
the book says almost nothiog about a reunited country, army was still engaged in keeping peace between the
its entire trend is such that it cannot belp bringing about aborigines and the settlers, but few books have the
a better comprehension and sympathy, so far as the wealth of detail and of action utilized by General Charles
South, both old and new, is concerned; and the few King in “An Apache Princess" (The Hobart Co.).
touches dealing with the Southern negro make to the The various mysterious crimes that bring on an uprising
same end.
of the Indians, and keep the garrison in a state of gos-
Americans of the Michigan and Wisconsin lumber sip, scandal, and turmoil, are very ingeniously contrived
regions, little known to readers of modern novels, crowd for holding the interest of the reader from cover to
the pages of Mr. Samuel Merwin's sympathetic and
The effect is somewhat melodramatic, though
delightful “Story of Hunch Badeau," or as its chief title convincing as a whole. At the core of it all is a very
gives it, “ His Little World” (Barnes). Whether the pretty love-story.
)
a
cover.


266
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66
66
hardly true to say that his strength and weakness
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
are closely knit up together; rather, they are the
The fourth and concluding volume same; his strength at its best is weakness made
Conclusion of
of the Cheyne-Black “ Encyclopædia perfect, his weakness is the wasteful ebullition of
a great work.
Biblica" (Macmillan) has appeared. his strength.” This study of the poet is critical in
It is distinctly and avowedly the most complete ex- the sense of being interpretative. Wordsworth's
ponent of the radical school of Biblical criticism cause most readers will consider already judged;
yet published. Its staff of contributors includes “ but there will always remain a certain curious
some of the extremists both in the Old and New minority of the human race whose desire is not so
Testament fields. Professor Cheyne himself leads much to judge a poet as to understand him.” In
the van in speculative and critical theories touching the process of attempting thus to “explain" the
the Old Testament. This volume maintains the poet, primary importance is laid upon the confes-
standard of its three predecessors, and, like the sions and assertions of “The Prelude,” which is
third, ventures out into the realm of Biblical the- made conspicuous throughout the book as our most
ology. There are several notable articles whose significant source of information concerning the
titles and authors at least merit mention. Profes- development of the poet in the man. Wordsworth's
sor Schniedel of Zürich contributes three long childhood and education are studied in the opening
articles on “ Resurrection and Ascension-Narra- chapter; the influences of the French Revolution
tives," "Spiritual Gifts," and "Simon Peter," — and the notable benefits of the intercourse with
all of them permeated with the same spirit and Coleridge are discussed in the second. We wish
method that characterized his contributions in that this last-mentioned theme could have received
earlier volumes of the work. Professor van Manen more extended treatment; a thorough study of the
of Leyden bas written on Romans.” A single relations between these poets would be indeed a wel-
sentence may point out his position on one point: come contribution to our acquaintance with both.
“What is certain, at any rate, is that the canonical Other chapters follow, upon Wordsworth's poetic
epistle [Romans] is not by Paul" (col. 4141). diction, bis attitude toward Nature, his feeling for
“Sacrifice,” by Professor G. F. Moore of Harvard, Humanity, and upon his experiences of illumina-
is a well prepared and comprehensive article. Pro- tion. But Professor Raleigh's book is something
fessor F. C. Burkitt contributes a most helpful more than a mere attempt to interpret Wordsworth;
treatment of “Text and Versions." “ Trade and his purpose expands with the study until we realize
Commerce," by Professor George Adam Smith, is that this particular poet is being analyzed as a type
an elaborate treatment on the basis of the latest of his genus; and the processes by which this boy,
discoveries in the inscriptions of the Orient, illus- / roaming the hills of Cumberland and Westmore-
trated by three useful maps. There are three other land, venturesome, passionate, headstrong, and
maps of exceptional value, illustrating or locating heedless, grew into the sedate, contemplative inter-
ancient and modern places. A new map of
“ Trachonitis, Bashan, Hauran, Golan, etc.," de- “The Being that is in the clouds and air,"
scribes by colors the elevations of that newly sur- are taken to be Nature's processes by which all
veyed district of Palestine. But the treatment of poets born are matured into the poets who really
proper names is a more marked idiosyncrasy of this Whether Professor Raleigh's readers gain
than of previous volumes. Professor Cheyne's much actual knowledge of the mystery from his
“ Jerahmeel” derivation for hundreds of these efforts to elucidate the secret, perhaps does not mat-
names is here reduced to a veritable absurdity. ter; they certainly owe him their thanks for a vol-
The most valuable and permanent contributions to ume of unusual interest in the field of personal
this volume are those articles that deal with themes interpretation, agreeable in style, and full of helpful
archæological and geographical. The radically and illuminating thought.
critical positions will, of course, prove to be evan.
escent and temporary.
We congratulate the edi.
Paris during
Contemporary letters often correct
tors on the completion of this great work.
the appearance of fixedness which
of 1848.
the bistorical narrative inevitably
Of real interest, and real value too, gives to events. The drama revealed in them does
The making
to all Wordsworthians is the volume
of a poet.
not move on with the usual well-considered em-
on Wordsworth by Professor Walter phasis of each element of the plot; there is some-
Raleigh (Longmans). The value of this mono- thing of the real confusion of the events them-
graph of 232 pages lies in the reasonableness of selves. But reasoning like this is not required to
its author's method and in the frank directness of courage the reading of the letters of the Baron-
his manner. “A criticism of a poet that omits all ess Bonde (James Pott & Co.), written amidst the
reference to his failures is as futile a thing as a surprises and the disillusionments of the Revolu-
biography of a great soldier that passes in silence tion of 1848. The writer of the letters was at
over his defeats.” That Professor Raleigh is sym- that time Miss Robinson, the daughter of an Irish
pathetic as well as dispassionate appears, however, baronet who had lived in Paris since 1819. Her
at the start. “Of Wordsworth in particular it is long acquaintance among influential persons, diplo-
preter of
are.
the Revolution
enco
66


1903.)
267
THE DIAL
Familiar letters
by Ruskin.
mats, and others, gave a special value to her letters, glish and French Literature,” besides the subjects
and they were at once appreciated by the English already referred to. Wide scholarship, insight,
friends into whose hands they fell. Even “ the imagination, and humor are found in these pleasant
Duke of Wellington and Lord Palmerston were and instructive papers, which are chiefly reprints
said to have clamoured for them." This is not to from the “ Atlantic.” A wealth of apt and erudite
be wondered at, for although occasionally they quotation points the moral. “The child is father to
seem full of the echoes of distrust and discourage- the man" (page 23 ) seems, like “ All that glitters is
ment which fly through the air in Revolutionary not gold," and many other popular misquotations,
days, they portray vividly the movement of senti- more than likely to hold its own against the correct
ment in certain social strata during that strange reading
spring and summer. Often they contain descrip-
Ruskin's “ Letters to M. G. and H.
tions which must bave been of great interest to the
G." (Harper) show him in a mood,
Englishmen who were familiar with every foot of
now tender, now playful, that will
Paris, and who could follow Miss Robinson in her be new to most of his readers. The initials mani.
venturesome tours of exploration through the dis- festly stand for Mr. Gladstone's daughters Mary
ordered streets. The description of the Boule- and Helen. It was in the seventh decade of Rus-
vards just after the overthrow of Louis Philippe, kin's life, and the eighth of Gladstone's, that the
and the description of the Rue St. Antoine after
two met for the first time at Hawarden, not long
the terrible fighting in June, are particularly after Ruskin's tart reply to the Liberals of Glas-
well drawn. The latter, especially, deserves to be
gow, rather comically disclaiming any more regard
compared with some of the finest pictures in Toc- for either Gladstone or Disraeli than for two old
queville's Recollections, which is saying a good deal bagpipes blown by steam. Despite the violent con-
for it. For such passages as these, for the evi- trast in all respects between guest and host, they
dence scattered over the pages of the rapid pas- conceived a warm admiration for each other, and
sing of great reputations like that of Lamartine,
remained true friends. For Mary Gladstone Rus.
the letters have value also for the historical stu- kin cherished a tender affection, addressing her in
dent, although he will not attach much weight to his letters as “my darling little Madonna," " dar-
rumors which the salons took for realities. The
ling Mary,” “my dear little Mother," "you darling
book is provided with historical notes and a brief little Mother,” etc. This prodigal expenditure of
introduction by the editor, Miss Constance E. Warr. endearments, which might indicate dotage in an-
The high tone and fresh enthusiasm
other, serves rather as a pathetic reminder in his
Essays of an
shown by Mr. Henry Dwight Sedg-
case of the life barren of domestic joys that it was
unjaded critic.
his lot to lead.
wick, Jr., in his " Essays on Great
To Carlyle, his acknowledged
Writers" (Houghton), cannot fail to give pleasure.
“master,” he was wont to write in terms of almost
“
Romance, chivalry, the love of one woman, the joy equal tenderness, calling him " dearest Papa,” and
of combat, the glory of death in a good cause, the
signing himself, “ever your faithful and loving
final triumph of the right-in all these he strength-
as is shown in a letter written in 1878,
ens our belief, and helps us to see that books which
and quoted by Mr. George Wyndham in his pre-
tend to lessen our respect for the idols of our youth
face to the present volume. Two short papers by
Canon Scott Holland are appended, treating of
are not the best literature. Thackeray comes in for
“ Ruskin and Gladstone,” and “The Dead Rus-
his share of condemnation, because he “has no
faith; he does not entertain high expectations. His
kin.” A profile view of Ruskin in his old age, and
characters do shameless things, and Thackeray says
an exquisite pencil sketch of Mary Gladstone by
to the reader, *Be not surprised, injured-seeming
Burne-Jones, embellish the little book, which all
friend; you would have done the like under the like
sincere lovers of Ruskin will heartily welcome. To
others it will be as a gift of almonds to the tooth-
temptation.?”With a keen appreciation of d’An-
less.
nunzio's marvellous literary skill, he declares against
him in no uncertain terms: “We do not believe
“ The Aftermath; or, Gleanings from
Phases of the
that a novel of the first rank can be made out of
literary craft.
a Busy Life, called upon the outer
the materials at d'Annunzio's command. Instead
cover, for purposes of sale, Caliban's
of humor he has scorn and sneer; in place of con-
Guide to Letters," - such is the legend upon the
science he gives us swollen egotism; for the deep title-page of an amusing skit by Mr. Hilaire Bel-
affections he proffers lust.” In his chapter on loc, published by Messrs. Dutton & Co. An intro-
Lockhart's Scott Mr. Sedgwick suggests the substi- duction gives a personal account of the mythical Dr.
tution of biography for Greek composition or even Caliban, a man of solemn platitudes and impressive
solid geometry in the school curriculum. This mediocrity; and then follow practical chapters upon
essay, though written to call attention to a “ River- such phases of the literary craft as reviewing, the
side" edition of the Life of Scott, sends us with short lyric, the interview, and the personal par.,
such renewed zest to the Waverleys, that we can- all based upon the most correct Philistine principles,
not call it back-work. Other chapters deal with and illustrated by examples of the literary forms
Montaigne, Macaulay, Don Quixote, and “En- in question. We quote a model “personal par." as
"
66
>
son"


268
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
morous.
an example of Mr. Belloc's quiet humor: “It is “Waves and Ripples in Water, Air, and Æther"
not generally known that the late Lord Grumble- (Nelson ) is to be taken as a criterion of their capa-
tooth rose from the ranks. His lordship was a city. The author has reduced to book form his
singularly reticent man, and the matter is still lectures, which were abundantly illustrated by ex-
shrouded in obscurity. He was, however, a politi- | periments with and demonstrations of the move-
cian in the best sense of the word, and owed his ad- ments of waves and ripples in various media and
vancement to the virtues that have made England their agency in the transmission of the several forms
famous. The collection of domestic china at of energy. Beginning with the visible and well
Grumbletooth House will vie with any other col- known forms in water, the author passes to the in-
lection at any similar house in the Kingdom.” Mr. visible and less known vibrations in air and æther
Belloc's fun is never boisterous, but it raises many which are concerned with sound, heat, light, and
a quiet chuckle; and his satire, if subdued, is for electricity. Simple explanations are given of their
that all the more deadly. We commend particu- properties and functions and of their utilization in
larly the note on the five canons of effective style, the arts and industries. Thus we learn how the
and the following injunction cannot be taken too wave-making resistance of a battle ship is deter-
seriously: "As to the practice, which has recently mined and why a racing yacht makes but a small
grown up, of writing only when one is drunk, or of wave at the bow and leaves a clean wake bebind.
introducing plain lies into every sentence, they are British and American models are figured, but their
quite unworthy of the stylist properly so-called, and waves and ripples fail to show why the Queen's cap
can never permanently add to one's reputation.” remains in Yankee hands. Considerable attention
We also call special attention to the opinions of the is paid to the electrical phenomena which make
press,” the “errata and addenda,” and the index. wireless telegraphy possible, and a clear scientific
It is not every man who can make an index hu- description is given of the Marconi system. The
phenomena of heat and light are only mentioned
The absence of any complete manual
incidentally, but sound is very fully treated, with
A sportsman's
of North American game birds is
abundant illustrations. Enough of the book is free
book of birds.
cited by Mr. Dwight W. Huntington quiring reader, and enough of the fibre remains to
from technicalities to make it intelligible to the en-
as the occasion for the preparation of his volume on
whet his appetite for stronger meat.
“Our Feathered Game” (Scribner). As the title
indicates, this is a book for sportsmen. It is written
Mr. John R. Spears has written a
by a successful and enthusiastic hunter, and from
A new Life of
Anthony Wayne.
rather commonplace Life of An-
the point of view of one who finds in birds only a
thony Wayne for the “Historic
mark to shoot at or a toothsome tidbit. There is
Lives” series (Appleton). Full use has been made
little appreciation of the naturalist's interest, and
of the meagre details which posterity knows of
often contempt for those who have a sentimental
Anthony Wayne the surveyor, and the author
interest in birds or who seek, for example, to save grasps the opportunity of making comparison with
our native doves from the fate of the passenger the early life of Washington. As General Wayne,
pigeon by protecting them from the sportsman's the subject provides more material, especially in
slaughter. The author is open in his condemnation
connection with the battle of Stony Point and the
of market hunters, but regales his readers with glow- much later Indian battle at the Fallen Timber.
ing accounts of days of good hunting when the The ingratitude of Congress in the treatment of
shooting was fast and furious and the record of the
Wayne is dwelt upon; and Washington's poor
slaughter a phenomenal one. He calls for national
opinion of the reckless general, even when ap-
game preserves in the natural haunts of wild fowl,
pointing him to the command of the Western
- especially water-fowl, which as yet have profited
army, is attributed to the influence of jealous
but little by our forest reserves and national parks. fellow-officers in the Revolutionary days. The au-
The rapid growth of great private preserves in re- thor would have difficulty in proving to the Ameri-
cent years is recorded, and the belief is expressed
can public that Silas Deane " became a traitor" to
that in them the European custom of driving up his country, to be mentioned in connection with
game to the slaughter will become general. Brief Arnold. No patience is confessed for those who
color descriptions in the appendix and a number of would palliate Arnold's conduct. A number of
plates of bird portraits will help the sportsman to minor errors, like the inauguration of Washington
identify the contents of his bag. A brusque style, on March 4, 1789, can scarcely be condoned by
with an abundance of varied anecdote, lend interest the good literary style of the little biography.
to the book.
In accordance with a time-honored
Waves and
The late Henry Demarest Lloyd's “ Newest Eng-
Ripples.
custom, the Christmas lectures be-
land," a thorough study of the workings and extensions
fore the Royal Institution of Great
Britain are always addressed to young people. A
of popular government in Australia, has been through
four editions, since it was first issued three years ago
high order of intellectual development must be ac- by Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co. Its publishers have
corded British youth if Professor J. A. Flemming's now brought out a fifth edition in a cheaper form.


1903.)
269
THE - DIAL
NOTES.
>
>
BRIEFER MENTION.
It was on the last day of the year 1870 that the late
Sir Henry Yule dated the preface to his great edition
of Marco Polo, and added the words which dedicated
the work to the Princess of Piedmont who afterwards
became the Queen of Italy. Four years later, a second
edition appeared, with much additional matter. From
then until his death fifteen years later, Yule was every-
where recognized as the chief authority upon the Vene-
tian traveller and his book, and continued to accumulate
new materials for future use. We now have, imported
by the Messrs. Scribner, a third edition of the work,
revised throughout by M. Henri Cordier, intimately
associated with the original editor in scholarship, and
accompanied by a memoir of Yule by. Miss Amy Fran-
ces Yule, his daughter. The work in its final form oc-
eupies two very large volumes, which aggregate over a
thousand pages, and are richly illustrated.
The following additions have been made to the Uni-
versity of Chicago preprints from the Decennial Publi-
cations: “ The Toledo Manuscript of the Germania of
Tacitus,” by Professor Frank Frost Abbott; “The
Introduction of Comedy into the City Dionysia," by
Professor Edward Capps ; “ Equilibrium in Aqueous
Solutions of Carbonates," by Mr. Herbert N. McCoy ;
“ The Commentariolum Petitionis Attributed to Quin-
tus Cicero," by Professor George Lincoln Hendrickson;
“ Invariants of Differential Quantics," by Professor
H. Maschke; and “The Unity of Plato's Thought,"
by Professor Paul Shorey.
"The History of the Treman, Tremaine, Truman
Family in America," by Mr. Ebenezer Mack Treman
and Dr. Murray E. Poole, is a ponderous genealogical
work that comes to us with the imprint of the Ithaca
« Democrat." It is in two volumes of over a thousand
pages each, and weighs about ten pounds. The families
here traced include the descendants of Joseph Truman,
of New London, Conn., and of four other men named
Mack, Dey, Board, and Ayer. Their descendants, of
course, include countless other names. The plan of the
work is simple, and it is elaborately indexed. There
are many full-page portrait illustrations.
Every year at about this time we receive from
Messrs. T. Y. Crowell & Co. a number of dainty little
booklets included in their “ What Is Worth While"
series. The volumes for this fall are seven in number:
Mary of Bethany," by Dr. J. R. Miller; “ The Face
of the Master,” by the same author; “The New Ethics,"
by President Hyde; “ A Sailor Apostle," by Mr. Frank
T. Bullen; “Meditations," from the French of the
Abbé Roux by Miss Isabel F. Hapgood; “The Poet's
Vision of Man," by Mr. Jobn Walker Powell, Jr.; and
“ How to Be Self-Supporting at College," by Mr. James
Melvin Lee. A new cover design in colors makes the
volumes of this season especially attractive.
Professor William Gardner Hale and Carl Darling
Buck are the authors of a new “Latin Grammar" for
high-school students, published by Messrs. Ginn & Co.
The same publishers are responsible for “ Allen and
Greenough's New Latin Grammar," revised from the
edition of 1888, and now edited by Professors J. B.
Greenough, G. L. Kittredge, A. A. Howard, and Ben-
jamin L. D'Ooge. Messrs. Ginn & Co. also send us a
second edition of Professor Clement L. Smith's “Odes
and Epodes of Horace," and an edition of the first book
of Cicero's Tusculan Disputations," prepared by Pro-
fessor Frank Ernest Rockwood.
66
A “ Primary Arithmetic,” by Dr. W. J. Milne, is a
recent publication, by a well-known text-book writer, of
the American Book Co.
“Classical Mythology in Shakespeare,” by Dr. Robert
Kilburn Root, is a new volume of the “ Yale Studies in
English," published by Messrs. Henry Holt & Co.
A "Greek History for Young Readers," by Miss
Alice Zimmern, with many maps and illustrations, is a
recent publication of Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co.
Messrs. Charles Scribner's Sons have published a
new edition, considerably enlarged, of Mr. Charles Au-
gustus Stoddard's charming work, “Cruising among
the Caribbees."
A new and revised edition of “ How to Decipher
and Study Old Documents,” by Mrs. John Hauteville
Cope, is announced for immediate publication by Mr.
Elliot Stock of London.
The October issue of “ The Craftsman,” marking
the commencement of the magazine's fifth volume,
makes its appearance in a new and immensely im-
proved typographical dress.
A new edition of Bourrienne's “Memoirs of Napoleon
Bonaparte" forms the first volume in “The Library of
Standard Biographies,” an enterprise newly undertaken
by the Frederick A. Stokes Co.
“ Appletons' New Spanish-English and English-
Spanish Dictionary” is a volume of about twelve
hundred pages, very compact, and rich in modern,
provincial, and technical expressions, prepared by Señor
Arturo Cuyás.
“Elementary Composition," by Mr. W. F. Webster,
and Language Lessons from Literature," Book II., by
Miss Alice Woodworth Cooley, are published by Messrs.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co., in their “ Webster-Cooley
Language Series."
It appears that the mysterious author of "The MS.
in a Red Box," published recently by Mr. John Lane,
bas at last revealed himself in the person of the Rev.
J. A. Hamiton, Congregational Minister at Penzance,
Cornwall, England.
To the new series of reprints already mentioned by
us in recent issues, the Messrs. Appleton have added
the two sporting stories of R. S. Surtees, “ Handley
Cross" and "Jorrocks's Jaunts and Jollities," with all
the original illustrations.
The authorized biography of the late Dean Farrar is
announced as in preparation. It is by his son, Dr. R. A.
Farrar, and will be completed and published in the
early spring. Messrs. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co. are
the American publishers.
A small volume called “ Aristotle on Education” is
published by the Macmillan Co. for the Cambridge
University Press. Its contents consist of extracts from
the “ Ethics" and the “ Politics,” translated and anno-
tated by Professor John Burnet.
A volume of the “Shorter Poems of Goetbe and
Schiller," edited for school use by Professor W. H.
van der Smissen, is published by the Messrs. Appleton.
The arrangement of the poems is chronological, and
there are numerous illustrations.
It is announced that Mrs. Carter Harrison's successful
book of fairy tales, “ Prince Silver Wings," published
last Fall by Messrs. A. C. McClurg & Co., has been
dramatized and will be presented next season as a Sum-
mer attraction at one of the large Chicago theatres.
1
a
66
"
»
9


270
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
»
Mr. L. Frank Baum, the well-known author of the book
and play of “ The Wizard of Oz," as well as of other
fairy books and plays for children, has been entrusted
with the writing of the scenario and the dramatization.
Two additions to the “Riverside Literature Series "
of Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co. are Irving's life of
Goldsmith, edited by Dr. Willis Boughton, and three
of the “ Idylls of the King” in a single pamphlet, the
editorship of which is anonymous.
The Macmillan Co., who have just published Canon
Ainger's life of Crabbe in the “ English Men of Letters"
series, promise for publication before Christmas Mr.
Austin Dobson's life of Fanny Burney, and the life of
Jeremy Taylor by Mr. Edmund Gosse.
It is understood that Mr. George Cary Eggleston is
undertaking some important work connected with the
presentation of American history along new lines char-
acterized peculiarly by human interest, and some an-
nouncement of which may be made later.
The fourth and concluding number of volume three
of “ The Book of Book-Plates," issued in this country
by the A. Wessels Co., is an American number, being
principally devoted to American designers, illustrated
with many interesting examples of their work.
Captain Joshua Slocum's “ Around the World in the
Sloop Spray” has been abridged and otherwise fitted
for use as a supplementary reading-book in schools.
The late Edward R. Shaw prepared this edition of the
work, which is now published by the Messrs. Scribner.
A new “Twentieth Century Text-Book” from the
Messrs. Appleton is Professor Allen Rogers Benner's
edition of “Selections from Homer's Iliad,” which gives
us five books entire, and liberal extracts from seven
others. There is included also a brief Homeric gram-
mar, while the notes and vocabulary are very compre-
sive.
“ The Temple Autobiographies," edited by Mr. Will-
iam Macdonald, are begun with a two-volume edition
of Cellini's life-story, newly translated by Miss Anne
Macdonell. The volumes are illustrated, and bear the
Dent imprint, which is a hall-mark of tasteful execu-
tion. Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co, are the American
publishers.
Mrs. Margaret E. Sangster is editing an important
new series of books for Messrs. A. S. Barnes & Co.
which will include volumes by Miss Mary A. Jordan,
Dean of Smith College, Mrs. Cynthia Westover Alden,
President of the International Sunshine Society, Mrs.
Margaret H. Welch, Dr. Emma E. Walker, and others.
Some announcement of this series will be made later.
Rufus King's “Ohio," and John Esten Cooke's “Vir-
ginia,” in the “ American Commonwealths" series, bave
just been reissued by Messrs. Houghton, Mifflin & Co.,
each volume with a new supplementary chapter. Pro-
fessor Theodore Clarke Smith is the one who brings
the history of Obio down to date, and a like service is
done for the history of Virginia by Mr. William Garrott
Brown.
Mr. Richard Le Gallienne, who has privately issued
his rendering in verse of “Odes from the Divan of
Hafiz,” freely rendered from literal translations, bas
made arrangements by which the book may be obtained
from Messrs. Scott-Thaw Co., of New York. The
special edition on Japan vellum has been sold out, -
but there remain a few copies of the ordinary edition
on hand-made paper.
Messrs. Scott. Tbaw Co., of New York, announce
for publication in the early Fall, an edition of Hans
Hulbein's « Dance of Death,” with an introductory note
by Mr. Austiu Dobson. The volume will be printed
entirely on Japan vellum, and will contain a complete
series of the illustrations reproduced from the wood.
cuts included in Lyon's edition of 1538. The edition is
to be limited to 750 copies.
Arrangements have been made for the pablication
in England of the following Autumn books of Messrs.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.: « Long Will" by Miss Flor-
ence Converse, and “ The Young Ice Whalers” by
Mr. Winthrop Packard, will be issued through Messrs.
Longmans, Green, & Co.; Dr. Lyman Abbott's volume
on Henry Ward Beecher through Messrs. Hodder &
Stoughton; and Dr. Washington Gladden's “ Witnesses
of the Light" through Mr. James Clarke.
Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. will publish, in co-operation
with Messrs. J. M. Dent & Co., of London, a new school
edition of Shakespeare's plays called the “ Temple
School Shakespeare.” Though entirely distinct from
the well-known “ Temple Shakespeare," it will be in its
way equally attractive. The special features include a
large-type text, an adequate introduction and full notes
of a literary rather than philological character, together
with a glossary. The illustrations are by well-known
artists.
“The Journal of English and Germanic Philology"
is the new title of the quarterly review which has
hitherto been known as “The Journal of Germanic
Philology." With this extension of its scope, the
periodical, now entering upon its fifth year, considerably
enlarges its usefulness, and the association of Professor
Albert S. Cook with Professor Gustaf E. Karsten, the
former editor-in-chief, brings new strength to the enter-
prise. The contents remain, as formerly, predomi-
nantly of a linguistic character, although literature (in
the historical sense, at least) finds its way into a number
of the contributions.
The death of Henry Demarest Lloyd, on the twenty-
eighth of last month, at the age of fifty-six, is a cause
of sincere mourning to all who are working for the
amelioration of social conditions. One does not need
to approve of all his methods, or accept all his conclu-
sions, to feel that the world is poorer for his loss. He
was a reformer of the practical type, who was sure of
what he wanted, and set about its accomplishment by
deed as well as word. It has often seemed to us that
bis vision was clouded by sentiment, and that his deep
sympathy with the toiler made him a biased judge of
the complicated issues between labor and capital; but
we could never question bis sincerity or his force. Born
in New York, be lived there for the first twenty five years
of his life, aud made his mark in the movements for free
trade and for municipal reform. After 1872 he was a
resident of Chicago, and for many years an editorial
writer for the “Tribune." He was a valued reviewer
for The Dial in its earlier years. His books came late
in life, and include “Wealth against Commonwealıb,"
“Labor Copartnership,” “Newest England,” and “A
Country without Strikes.” His power of marsballing
facts and figures was extraordinary in its effective-
ness, and although he was always an advocate, it was
of causes in which he thoroughly believed. A gentle
and lovable man, his memory is dear to all who knew
him, and will remain a permanent inspiration for many
lives.
9)


1903.)
271
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
(The following list, containing 164 titles, includes books
received by TAR DIAL since its lust issue. 1
A Reader's History of American Literature. By
Thomas Wentworth Higginson and Henry Walcott
Boynton. Illus, in photogravure, etc., 12mo, pp. 327.
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. $1.25 net.
Antigone: An Account of the Presentation of the Play at
Leland Stanford Junior University, 1902. Illus., 12mo,
gilt top, pp. 70. San Francisco: Paul Elder & Co. $1. det.
Wesley and Goethe. By James W. Bashford, Ph.D.
16mo, pp. 97. Jennings & Pye. 35 cts. net.
>
•
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
Robert Morris, Patriot and Financier. By Ellis Paxson
Oberholtzer, Ph.D. Illus. io photogravure, etc., large 8vo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 372. Mucnuillan Co. $3. net.
William Wetmore Story and his Friends: From Let.
ters, Diaries, and Recollections. By Henry James. In
2 vols., with photogravure portraits, 8vo, gilt tops, uncut.
Houghton, Mifilin & Co. $6. net.
Admiral Porter. By James Russell Soley. With steel
portrait, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp 499. Great Com-
manders.' D. Appleton & Co. $1.50 net.
On the Distaff Side: Portraits of Four Great Ladies.
By Gabrielle Festing. With photogravure portrait, 8vo,
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Rand, McNally & Co. $1.50.


272
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THE DIAL
Nurse Norah's Up-to Date Fairy Tales. By Elliott
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The Silesian Horseherd (Das Pferdebürla): Questions of
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Supervision and Education in Charity. By Jeffrey
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NATURE.
Along Four-Footed Trails: Wild Animals of the Plains
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The Moon, Considered as a Planet, a World, and a Satellite.
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Physical Chemistry in the Service of the Sciences. By
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Henry Lincoln, Ph.D. With portrait, 4to, uncut, pp. 316.
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American Jewish Year Book, 5664, 1903–1904. Edited
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The Little Tea Book. Compiled by Arthur Gray. Illus.,
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Over the Black Coffee Compiled by Arthur Gray. New
edition ; 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 108. Baker & Taylor
Co. $1.25.
66


1903.)
273
THE DIAL
A Little Book of Poets' Parleys. Selected and arranged
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60 cts.


274
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
IN THREE CHAPTERS.
a
ginning with Webster's Speller and extending
THE STORY OF A BOOK.
into the nation's school books, have been uni.
fying the pronunciation of the whole people for
a century.
* CHAPTER 2. How THE BOOK IS MADE.
Next comes the etymology - the parentage
“A
LL young people should have a dictionary of the word in earlier tongues. Into this has
at their elbow; and while you are about gone a world of toil. When Dr. Johnson was
it, get the best-get Webster.” So said a questioned as to the source of his etymologies,
school journal many years ago, and the G. &C. he answered easily, “ Why, sir, here is a shelf
Merriam Company took the phrase as their with Junius and Skinner and others; and there
motto. “Get the Best”- this for the public. is a Welch gentleman who will help me with
“ Make the Best” — this for themselves.
"
the Welch.” But Webster, though at the out-
Successful business rests on two principles: set well equipped according to the standard of
make a good article, and let the world know it. the time, stopped in his work for years to ac-
In their work the Merriams have emphasized quire twenty foreign vocabularies. The next
quality even more than publicity. Starting generation saw a great advance in linguistic
sixty years ago with the great fabric Noah science, and the fruits of this were harvested
Webster had reared, they spent years in refash- by a distinguished German scholar, Dr. Mabn,
ioning it for popular needs before publishing, for the 1864 edition. The later gains in
and the Webster's International Dictionary of etymology have been inwrought in the Inter-
to-day is the result of a long series of revisions. national and its Supplement by the eminent
Spending freely for advertising, they have in Professor Edward S. Sheldon, of Harvard.
the last quarter century spent a much larger As a result, each word's treatment opens with
sum for improvements, in re-editing and re- its clear and exact lineage, on which the
casting. Some leading member of the firm has scholar's eye pauses with fascination.
always had the editorial work as his specialty, Then come the definitions in their historical
and between publishers and editors there has order. Accuracy and lucidity of definition,
been thorough harmony and coöperation. Webster's special distinction, have been the
The constant aim has been to make the best first aim and constant care of his successors in
possible one-volume dictionary, for the use of the work. The searcher for a special meaning
the man on the street, the cultivated reader, the finds it easily and to his satisfaction ; and, be-
teacher and pupil, the scholar and expert, the yond his original quest, his attention is apt to
mechanic, the foreign student, the whole read- be caught by the curious way in which one
ing public. The basal principle has been to meaning has grown out of another, by some
employ the amplest stores of scholarship so bit of interesting fact, by a felicitous quotation
as to best serve the average consulter. The or striking picture, and so his eye wanders over
qualities kept in view have been Accuracy, the page from one attraction to another. The
Clearness, Fullness, Convenience, Attractive old story of the man who found the dictionary
ness. Any single word in the vocabulary will interesting reading, but with a frequent change
illustrate these principles. First, the word of subject, had a solid basis. There are few
is easily found, - a strict alphabetical order more entertaining volumes for a leisure hour
being followed, with ingenious resources of than Webster's International.
arrangement and type to facilitate the search.
h. The book has been naturally broadened by
Next, note that the word's mere presence in the addition to its vocabulary of various Tables.
the vocabulary shows that it has a certain One goes to the dictionary for all sorts of
standing. There has been no attempt to pile words ; why not then for proper names, which
up numbers ; neither dead words nor gutter-require not definition but information ? So here
scrapings have been favored; something of in one Appendix are the world's distinguished
merit and of permanence is implied in each people of all times, some 10,000; name and its
word. Then comes the pronunciation, - a re- pronunciation, nationality, characteristic, birth
spelling which is quickly caught by the ordi- and death dates. Here is the Gazetteer with
nary eye and ear; and a use of the phonetic more than 25,000 geographical titles, each line
marks which every public school child has a miracle of condensed information. And here
learned. Substantially these same marks, be- is a Dictionary of Fictitious Persons and Places
*Chapter 1 of “The Story of a Book” appeared in our
in Literature, which one should hardly consult
previous issue.
when his moments are precious, so strongly
-
a


*1903.)
275
THE DIAL
-
-
cases.
a
do its pages fascinate and detain. These, and the work of able scholars, was, like the Sup-
various other Tables — foreign proverbs, ab- plement of New Words, supervised by Dr. W.
breviations, etc. – too many to be here set
-
T. Harris, U.S. Commissioner of Education.
down. Taken as a whole, Webster's Inter- As occasions arise, new words and meanings
national is, in the words of President Eliot of are frequently inserted in the body of the work
Harvard, “a wonderfully compact storehouse by costly plate corrections. When Ohm and
of accurate information.”
Volt were redefined by International Congress
This whole mass of information - vocabu-
-
and U.S. statute, the new measurements went
lary and appendixes — is constantly brought into the body of the vocabulary; when the
up to the latest date by an unintermitted pro- Roentgen ray was discovered, it was given due
cess of revision. The results appear partly in place and description; when Appendicitis be-
occasional Supplements, more rarely in general gan to plague humanity under its own name,
revisions, and constantly in minute corrections it was duly entered; and so in hundreds of
made without announcement. Thus to the vo.
cabulary of the International of 1890 there was In its mechanical features, the International,
added ten years later a Supplement of 25,000 like its predecessors, is a serviceable, durable,
new words and meanings. On the mere num- and beautiful book. Made at the Riverside
ber no stress is laid ; nothing is easier than to Press, by H. O. Houghton & Co., its binding,
pitchfork words together by the thousand and
paper, typography, all are fully up to the
ten thousand ;-— technical, obsolete, disrepu- standard set long ago by its manufacturers
table, and useless. The real need, the real task, and publishers.
comes in the sifting, the choosing from the huge On the commercial side of their business,
welter of written and spoken language those the G. & C. Merriam Company have found no
words which have an individuality and in occasion to resort to premiums, “combines,”
some way a real use. The International had "great reductions," and the various devices
made a satisfactory record of the English lan. by which wares are foisted on indifferent or
guage until 1890; the additition of 25,000 reluctant buyers. They have steadily offered
words, phrases, etc., was a fair representation good value for a reasonable price, and bave
of the actual growth of the language for a de- found always an ample market. They have
cade in this swift, rushing, and prolific age.
made a Subscription Edition of the Interna-
The contributors to this Supplement, besides tional, with a Historical Supplement, corre-
the office staff, were such specialists as Presi- sponding in merit and attractiveness to the
dent Remsen of Johns Hopkins University, main work. The regular edition is sold through
Justice Brewer of the United States Supreme the bookstores, and it is a great satisfaction to
Court, General Greely of the United States the publishers that their relations with the
Army, Professor Chittenden, director of the trade"- as the bookselling fraternity is for
Sheffield Scientific School, Mr. Dudley Buck, some occult reason entitled
have always
and a score of other eminent experts. At this been marked by confidence and cordiality.
time the plates of the entire work were newly For some years past, the market has been
cast.
flooded with large “ Webster's Dictionaries"
Of other improvements, a good instance is other than the International, generally at a low
the very recent and thorough revision of the price and often with extravagant claims as to
Biographical Dictionary and the Gazetteer. authenticity and value. All these books have
These have been worked over line by line and the same basis, the Webster's of 1847, on
word by word, with reference to spelling and which the copyright bas expired, and which was
pronunciation as well as other information. In completely superseded by the “Unabridged
geography the publications of official boards of 1864, and that in turn by the editions of
have been consulted ; in hundreds of cases not 1879, 1890, and 1900. This now ancient vol.
thus to be settled recourse has been bad to Mr. ume of 1847, reprinted by cheap processes
Henry Gannett, chairman of the U. S. Board which have faithfully reproduced all the obso-
on Geograpbic Names ; uncounted letters have lete scholarship, all the discredited etymologies,
been written to local authorities. The biogra- all the statements falsified by modern discov-
phies have not only been amended to include ery, every accidental misprint, every blurred
the fresh death dates, but old dates have been line and broken letter in the original; padded
corrected, sometimes fifteen centuries back, and out with supplementary matter, in one or two
many minor points retouched. This revision, I instances of some real value, in most cases crude


276
(Oct. 16,
THE DIAL
uthors
A
Agency
ELEVENTH YBAR. Candid, suggestive
Criticism, literary and technical Re-
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“ The best" is never the cheapest. More
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on the original genius and life-long labor of
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and the mechanical processes which make a
volume unsurpassed in usability, durability,
and beauty.
The series of authorized Abridgments, headed
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tionary, and ended by the Pocket," meet the
various wants of different classes. But the
English-speaking public has been educated by
Webster and his successors beyond any other
people to the common use of the large one-
volume dictionary - a work of some 2400
pages, with 5000 illustrations; a complete in-
terpreter of the English language ; a treasury
of general information. Not for the scholar and
the expert only, but for the merchant, the
mechanic, the housewife, the professional man,
the average man and woman, “the best” is
none too good.
But what impartial and competent authority
shall decide among various claimants to supe-
riority which is the best? In the next issue shall
be cited on that question the pronouncements
of three tribunals, widely diverse in character,
and all of the highest standing.
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THE DIAL
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1903.)
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A STRONG AND REALISTIC STORY
THE SHERRODS
By GEORGE BARR McCUTCHEON
)
Author of “GRAUSTARK," "CASTLE CRANEYCROW,”. Etc.
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his Graustark' and he fairly wins his spurs in it. ..."
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6
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284
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BOOKS OF 1903 THAT REALLY COUNT
By Rudyard Kipling
POETRY
THE FIVE NATIONS
The first collection of Mr. Kipling's poems since 1896. The literary event of the year. (Net $1.40.)
FICTION
TWO LITTLE SAVAGES
By Ernest Thompson Seton
The story of two boys who lived in the woods, became acquainted with the animals, birds, etc., and learned the fascinating secrets of
nature and woodcraft. (Net $1.75.)
THE PIT
By Frank Norris
The "big novel" of 1903. Owen Wister says of Mr. Norris: “In our generation he had no peer.” ($1.50.)
THE ONE WOMAN
By Thomas Dixon, Jr.
A powerful novel of love and socialism, by the author of “The Leopard's Spots. (8oth thousand. $1.50.)
A DEAL IN WHEAT
By Frank Norris THE WHIP HAND
By Samuel Merwin
A collection of stories of the New and Old West, by the
A vivid and dramatic novel of business life in Michigan.
author of “ The Pit.” ($1.50.)
(Illustrated, $1.50.)
THE WEB
By Frederick Trevor Hill
THE MARK
By Aquila Kempster
An absorbing story of Hindu mystery. It will surely be
A powerful novel of modern life, with a background of
legal trickery. (Illustrated, $1.50.)
widely read. (Illustrated, $1.50.)
A CHILD'S LETTERS TO HER HUSBAND
MONSIGNY
By Justus Miles Forman
By Helen Watterson Moody
A story of the most beautiful woman in Europe," by the
“We don't expect any other book of the season to be as
author of “ Journey's End.” (Illustrated, $1.50.)
entertaining as this."'- New York Evening Sun. ($1.00.)
MEMOIRS
MEMOIRS OF M. de BLOWITZ
The anecdotal recollections for twenty-five years of the most famous diplomatist-correspondent of this century. (Illustrated, net $3.00.)
AUTOBIOGRAPHY
THE STORY OF MY LIFE
By Helen Keller
Thomas Wentworth Higginson puts this among the ten “most American books" - along with “The Scarlet Letter," Emerson's
“Essays,” and “Uncle Tom's Cabin.' (Illustrated, net $1.50.)
6
By Mrs. and Miss Van Vorst
PRACTICAL SOCIOLOGY
THE WOMAN WHO TOILS
Prefatory letter from Mr. Roosevelt. Actual experiences as factory workers. (Net $1.50.)
TOILERS OF THE HOME
A college woman's experiences as a domestic servant. (Net $1.50.)
By Lillian Pettengill


1903.)
285
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200
NATURE STUDY
THE MOTH BOOK
By W. J. Holland
A companion to the very successful “ Butterfly Book. The only existing adequate popular work on moths. (48 color plates.
text cuts, net $4.00.)
COLOR KEY TO NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS
By Frank M. Chapman
A most ingenious and helpful volume, making the identification of any bird easy. (800 color pictures, net $2.50.)
ART
AMERICAN MASTERS OF SCULPTURE
By Charles H. Caffin
A companion work to the author's fine work on our painters. It discusses Saint-Gaudens, MacMonnies, Ward, Borglum, French,
Adams, and so on, with the history and outlook. (32 illustrations, net $3.00.)
MEMOIRS OF MADAME LEBRUN
Edited by Lionel Strachey
The charming autobiography of a distinguished portrait-painter, illustrated with 48 reproductions of her work. (Uniform with the
“ Potocka" and “Contemporary" memoirs. (Net $2.75.)
MANUAL TRAINING
WORKING WITH THE HANDS
By Booker T. Washington
A most interesting and helpful work by the author of “Up From Slavery. ( 32 illustrations, net $1.50.)
MORE BASKETS AND HOW TO MAKE THEM
By Mary White
A supplementary volume to the valuable and popular “ How to Make Baskets " -- 5th printing. (Illustrated, net $1.00.)
HOW TO MAKE SCHOOL GARDENS
By H. D. Hemenway
The first adequate manual on this great subject. (Net $1.00.)
HUMOR
A FEW REMARKS
By Simeon Ford
A volume of irresistible humor by the well-known speaker and hotel-man. (Net $1.00.)
SCIENCE
ALASKA
The Harriman Expedition
The most beautiful and elaborate record of scientific exploration yet issued in America. Vols. I. and II. ready. To be completed
in about 14 volumes, embodying the reports of dozens of famous specialists on the astonishing discoveries made by the expedition.
(Profusely illustrated. Per volume, net $7.50.)
HYGIENE
HOW TO KEEP WELL
By Dr. Floyd M. Crandall
A volume of advice and practical suggestion for avoiding illness. (Net $1.50.)
PRACTICAL OUT-DOOR BOOKS
HOW TO MAKE A FLOWER GARDEN
The best and most beautifully illustrated book on the subject. (Net $1.60.)
DRIVING
By Francis M. Ware
A handsome and elaborate volume — the first authoritative book on driving in America. (Illustrated, net $10.00.)
THE POULTRY BOOK
By Harrison Weir, F.R.H.S.
Covers every branch of poultry-raising, from incubation or hatching to marketing(Per part, 60 cts. net. Complete in 18 parts,
net $10.80.)
DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY, Publishers, 34 Union Square, New York


286
[Nov. 1,
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Spenser
)
Joy and Power
Three messages with one meaning by HENRY VAN DYKE. Printed at the
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Things Fundamental
Edmund
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Romances of Colonial Days Tobias Smollett
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” 9
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Parsifal
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Wagner's great music-drama retold in
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His Novels, Essays,
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Cervantes' Don Quixote
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Mother and Father
The Ambassadors
By Roy Rolfe Gilson, author of “ In the Morn- By HENRY JAMES, author of “Daisy Miller,” “An
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little volume are those which have already appeared cans abroad, such a study of men and women as
in the larger volume, in which form they had only Mr. James is capable of making. The scene
many enthusiastic readers. They are here collected opens in England, and from there the reader follows
together in somewhat ampler form and charmingly the characters to Paris, where much of the uncon-
bound and illustrated, making an acceptable and ventional life of that city is seen. The storyis devel-
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phens, marginal decorations in two colors. Orna- with that finesse which characterizes the mature
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Our Lady's Inn
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Judith of the Plains
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on her unsympathetic aunt, Mrs. Strynd, of Fogo
Bankrupt." A romance of the plains at the end
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House unbearable, and finally escaped to London,
out against the background of cattle stealing, cattle
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her purpose. On her
way she lost the kit containing throbbing with passion and life, dominating the
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Ornamented cloth, $1.50.
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By Julian RALPH, author of " Our Great West,"
This is Julian Ralph's account of his own
counted which have not been available to any other
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Portraits from the Sixties
America in Literature
By Justin McCarthy, author of “ A History of By George E. WOODBERRY, Professor of Litera-
Our Own Times,” etc. An entertaining and valu- ture at Columbia University. A critical account of
able book of reminiscences. Dickens, Thackeray,
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Carlyle, Tennyson, Cardinal Newman and a long a trenchant summing up of the work of Emerson,
list of people of note are pictured as Mr. McCarthy Lowell, Whittier, Hawthorne and the other great
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The Diversions of a Book-Lover
The Book of Months
By ADRIAN H. Joline, author of “ The Meditations By E. F. Benson, author of « Dodo," " The Re-
of an Autograph Collector.” Mr. Joline talks in a lentless City." This is the story of the adventures
kindly and instructive way of books, authors, book and experiences of a London man about town,
collectors, their friends and their foes; he tells of each more or less appropriate to the month desig-
fine bindings and old and curious editions, and nated. Full of witty observations and worldly
enlivens his tale with many anecdotes and stories. wisdom. Beautifully illustrated with many marginal
Uniform with “ The Meditations of an Autograph drawings in color. 8vo, ornamented cloth in green
Collector." 8vo, leather back, uncut edges, gilt and gold, gilt top, uncut edges, $2.50 net (postage
top, $3.00 net (postage extra).
extra).
etc.
HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK


288
(Nov. 1,
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OXFORD TEACHERS' BIBLES
Light, Thin, Compact, Beautifully Printed on Oxford India Paper.
RECENTLY ISSUED
Minion 8vo and Long Primer
OXFORD
SELF-PRONOUNCING
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BUNYAN'S PILGRIM'S PROGRESS
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THE SONGS OF ROBERT BURNS
Now first printed with the melodies for which they were written. A Study in Tone-Poetry. With
Bibliography, Historical Notes, and Glossary. By JAMES C. Dick. 8vo, cloth, pp. xliii.-536, printed
on rag-made paper, with four facsimile MSS. $5.00 net.
NEW EDITION OF THE
LETTERS OF HORACE WALPOLE
EDITED BY MRS. PAGET TOYNBEE
The Delegates of the Clarendon Press have arranged with Mrs. Paget TOYNBEE for the publication of The
LETTERS OF HORACE WALPOLE, in as complete a forın as possible. The work is now in the press, and
will be issued in sixteen volumes. The first portion (vols. i.-iv.) will be published in November, 1903;
vols. V.-x. will be ready in November, 1904, and the remainder (vols. xi. -xvi.) in November, 1905.
STUDIES IN NAPOLEONIC STATESMANSHIP
GERMANY By Herbert A. L. Fisher, M.A. 8vo, cloth, $4.15.
SACRED SITES OF THE GOSPELS
With Illustrations, Maps, and Plans. By W. SANDAY, D.D., LL.D., Litt. D., with the assistance of Paul
WATERHOUSE, M.A., F.R.I.B.A. 8vo, cloth, $4.50.
>>
“Should easily take first place among the cheaper editions of Dickens. - The Dial, Chicago, May 16, 1903
Just Issued Editions de CHARLES DICKENS'S WORKS
A Fireside
of
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* Cloth, $20.00 per set ; Venetian morocco, gilt top, $35.00 per set.
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For sale by all booksellers. Send for catalogue.
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1903.)
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It is admitted by all scholars that the American Standard Revised Bible gives the meaning
of the original better than any other translation of the Holy Scriptures.
TEACHERS' EDITION
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A Complete Biblical Library in a Single Volume
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REFERENCE EDITIONS in Long Primer and Bourgeois types, printed on fine white paper and Nelson's India
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JUST PUBLISHED
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Selected Works of the Best Authors, Complete in One Volume.
BUNY AN. The Pilgrim's Progress, The LORD LYTTON. Last Days of Pompeii. CHARLOTTE BRONTE. Jane Eyre. 1
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TENNYSON. The Poetical Works. 1830- CHARLES Lever.
of JANE AUSTEN. Pride and Prejudice,
1859.
“Ours." 1 vol. Charles O'Malley. lvol. Mansfield Park, and Northanger Abbey.
CARLYLE. The French Revolution. 1 vol. Jack Hinton. 1 vol.
[1 vol.
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CERVANTEs. Don Quixote. 1 vol. CHARLES KINGSLEY. Westward Ho! and Persuasion. 1 vol.
Beautifully bound in Cloth, gilt top, $1.00; Leather limp, gilt edges, frontispiece, $1.50 per volume.
BURNS'S Poems and Songs, Cloth, gilt top, $1.25. Leather limp, gilt edges, $1.75.
For sale by all booksellers, or sent postpaid on receipt of price. Descriptive lists on application to
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290
(Nov. 1,
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A COMPANIONABLE BOOK has
BOOK has been our book-making
ideal. Our friends say that we have succeeded, and The Unit
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Many reprints are artistic, many are cheap. Text is carefully edited— biographies, biblio-
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1903.)
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Lippincott's Books for the Autumn of 1903
The True History of the Civil War
A BRIEF yet comprehensive history, true in the best sense, in that it gives an impartial and
accurate account of the causes that led to the Civil War, and a narrative of that struggle
and the consequences of Federal victory. It is a thoroughly readable volume, and especially
.
notable for the vividness with which it brings out the great figures of ’61 to '65. Professor
Lee is a lecturer in Johns Hopkins University, and is besides widely known for his critical work.
By GUY CARLETON LEE, Ph.D.
Illustrated. Royal 8vo. Net $2.00. Half levant, Net $5.00. Postage extra.
Through the Gates of Old Romance
COLLEC
OLLECTED from many out-of-the-way sources, facts
and figures of real life are charmingly interwoven
in a web of romance. There are ghost stories and
love stories, and stories of adventure. The volume
is illustrated with delicate drawings by John Rae.
By W. JAY MILLS
Author of “ Historic Houses of New Jersey."
Illustrated. 8vo. Decorated Cloth, Net $2.00.
Postage extra,
American Myths and Legends
MRbe
former volumes. In many cases these legends
are as romantic and interesting as the most popular
of fiction. The new volumes have red letter title-
page and photogravure illustrations.
By CHARLES M. SKINNER
Author of “Myths and Legends of Our Own Land."
Illustrated. 2 volumes, Net $2.50. Half Morocco,
Net $5.00. Postage extra.
Introduction to the History of
Modern Philosophy
A COMPREHENSIVE book, its view directed imme-
diately to the field of modern philosophy, but
giving attention to the beginnings, development, and
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THE DIAL
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THE DIAL, Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
1
No. 417.
NOVEMBER 1, 1903. Vol. XXXV.
CONTENTS.
PAGB
WILLIAM EDWARD HARTPOLE LECKY.
293
.
THE REIGN OF THE SPECTACULAR.
Russell Marble.
Annie
297
RECOLLECTIONS OF A NOTABLE LITERARY
LIFE Clark Sutherland Northup
299
.
SOCIAL ORIGINS AND PRIMAL LAW. Frederick
Starr..
301
REMINISCENCES OF A CONFEDERATE GEN-
ERAL. James Oscar Pierce
302
.
WILLIAM EDWARD HARTPOLE
LECKY.
Among the historians of the older genera-
tion, who knew how to temper the scientific
method with the philosophical spirit, and who
did not disdain the adventitious aid of literary
grace in the composition of their works, the
great Irishman who has just passed away will
always be given a high place. Born in 1838,
William Edward Hartpole Lecky achieved dis-
tinction at an early age. Only two years after
he had taken his first degree at Trinity Col.
lege, Dublin, he published the group of essays
on Swift, Flood, Grattan, and O'Connell, which
first gave the public the measure of his abili.
ties. This volume, entitled “ The Leaders of
Public Opinion in Ireland,” embodied esti-
mates, at once searching and sympathetic, of
the men who stood for Irish nationalism a hun.
dred years ago, when the question of the Union
occupied the foreground of political discussion.
The successive revisions of this book, the last
of which appeared only a few months ago, offer
an interesting study of the growing conserva-
tism of the writer, for, although he sympa-
thized with the opposition to the Act of 1800,
he accepted it as a fait accompli, and his face
was set, in his later years, against the home
rule agitation which sought in some measure
to undo the work of Pitt and weaken the bonds
of the United Kingdom. For this course he
earned his share of violent abuse from the ex-
cited Irish nationalists of the time, and the
quiet approval of all philosophical and far-
seeing students of human affairs.
The first appearance of the work above-
mentioned was followed, two years later, by
the “ History of the Rise and Influence of the
Spirit of Rationalism in Europe,” while four
years after that a second large work was pro-
duced having for its title “ A History of Eu-
ropean Morals from Augustus to Charlemagne."
These works appealed to a far wider public
than had been drawn to the essays on Irish
leaders, and established the author's reputation
as one of the clearest and soundest of modern
historians. Mr. Lecky was barely thirty years
of age when both these productions stood to
his credit, and they have held their place as
SOME TYPES OF RELIGIOUS THOUGHT. T. D. A.
Cockerell
.. 305
Mallock's Religion as a Credible Doctrine.—Bates’s
The Law of Likeness. - Brown's The Essence of
Christianity. - Roberts's Divinity and Man.
Hyde's Jesus' Way. — Sunderland's The Spark in
the Clod. Strong's God and the Individual.
Bowker's Of Religion.
A MARTYR OF SCIENCE. Herbert A. Howe . 307
RECENT DISCUSSIONS IN PRIVATE AND PUB-
LIC FINANCE. M. B. Hammond
308
Laughlin's The Principles of Money. - Scott's
Money and Banking. - Dewey's Financial History
of the United States. --- Catterall's The Second
Bank of the United States. - Miss Breckinridge's
Legal Tender.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS
314
Leading figures in American literature. --- Literary,
political, and biographical miscellanies. More
studies in colonial history. — The history and the
meaning of notation in music. — Perils and preser-
vation of the home. - The borderland of econom-
ics, ethics, biology, and sociology. – Admiral
Porter as a Great Commander. — The history of
famous assassinations. — A bicentennial life of
Wesley.
.
BRIEFER MENTION
316
.
.
317
NOTES
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
318
.
318


296
(Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
"
standard works upon their subjects for so long this work, a philosophical discussion in the best
a period that it is not easy for men of our sense, a treatment of English history which
younger generation to realize that the years deals in the main with political ideas, with
of their author were but sixty-five when their social institutions, and with the development
tale was completed a few days ago. He of the various forces that make for culture and
seems to have belonged to as old a generation enlightenment. The work is one which every
as that of Mr. Goldwin Smith, for example, student of modern English history finds indis-
but Mr. Smith is now eighty years old, and had pensable for his purposes.
pensable for his purposes. To American stu-
achieved marked distinction when Mr. Lecky dents, in particular, it is valuable for its
was but a youngster.
judicial and dispassionate treatment of the
The introduction to the “ History of Ration- revolt from English rule which made an inde-
alism makes the following statement of the pendent nation of the United States.
author's aim :
Mr. Lecky's two remaining works of im-
“My object in the present work has been to trace the portance are his “Democracy and Liberty,"
history of the spirit of Rationalism; by which I under- dated 1896, and “The Map of Life," dated
stand, not any class of definite doctrines or criticisms,
1899. In the first of these works he discusses
but rather a certain cast of thought, or bias of reasoning,
which has during the last three centuries gained a
the faults of democracy as they appear in the
marked ascendancy in Europe. The nature of this bias eyes of a life-long liberal, or, in other words,
of a critic predisposed to sympathize with the
of
we examine its influence upon the various forms of moral
and intellectual development. At present, it will be principles of popular government, but also de
sufficient to say, that it leads men on all occasions to
termined to hold it up to an exalted standard
subordinate dogmatic theology to the dictates of reason
of conduct. The truest friends of democracy
and of conscience, and, as a necessary consequence,
are those who, like Mr. Lecky, unsparingly
greatly to restrict its influence upon life. It predisposes censure its shortcomings, and insist that it can
men, in history, to attribute all kinds of phenomena to
natural rather than miraculous causes; in theology, to
justify its existence in no other way than by
esteem succeeding systems the expressions of the wants
making clearly manifest its superiority over
and aspirations of that religious sentiment which is the older polities which it seeks to supplant.
planted in all men; and, in ethics, to regard as duties In “The Map of Life” the ripeness of a
only those which conscience reveals to be such." scholar's wisdom is brought to bear upon the
The determination thus evinced to recognize problems that chiefly press upon the modern
the paramount importance of the dictates of world for solution. The book is concerned
reason in dealing with the vexed problems of with the two great themes of " conduct and
conduct and religious thought characterizes character," and the author, always prominently
the entire development both of this work and a moralist, here becomes predominantly one.
of the “ History of Morals” which soon fol. Even more than Mr. Lecky's earlier books,
lowed it. Such a programme does not appear this collection of essays places their author
very startling to us, but to the public of a distinctly among the small number of great
generation ago it made Mr.Lecky seem a very thinkers who have reduced prejudice and per-
dangerous radical. The softening of old preju-
The softening of old preju- sonal predilection to a minimum, who have
dices and the dissipating of old dogmatisms discarded hobbies and are incapable of wild
which have marked the last thirty or forty vagaries, and who are essentially right in their
years have brought silent but convincing testi- view of the questions with which they deal. He
mony to the clearness of his vision and the
is of the company of such men as Mill and
essential soundness of his principles.
Huxley and John Fiske and John Morley and
The next great work of Mr. Lecky was his Goldwin Smith men whose devotion to truth
“ History of England in the Eighteenth Cen- is absolute, and who are incapable of making
tury." This work embraces four volumes, and any sort of compromise with error.
their publication falls between 1878 and 1882. Our account of Mr. Lecky's writings would
The treatment is not chronological, nor does be noticeably incomplete without a few words
it involve the attention to details found in his about the small volume of " Poems ” which he
tory of the conventional sort. It is rather, in published about ten years ago. It was an un-
the author's own words, an attempt “to dis- pretentious little volume, and got small atten-
engage from the great mass of facts those which tion from the public. Those who took the
relate to the permanent forces of the nation, trouble to mention it in a critical way seem to
or which indicate some of the more enduring have taken for granted that a writer of Mr.
features of national life.” We have, then, in | Lecky's severe philosophical cast could not
In
ab


1903.)
297
THE DIAL
-
romance.
compose verses that were worth reading, and to hear her, but I don't care much now for lectures
have expressed their opinion without attempt- unless they are illustrated.” What, indeed, had this
ing to verify it. To us the volume came as a poet-essayist accomplished, if she had not illustrated
delightful surprise, for it displayed qualities of
her chosen authors? The true meaning of the word,
- to elucidate, or make luminous, seems almost
grace and tenderness, of deep emotion and no-
lost in its exclusive reference to sense material.”
bility of temper that could hardly have been in-
Comment is needless
upon
the supremacy of the
ferred from the author's prose. The verses are pictorial journal, and upon the scanty discrimination,
reflective, and tinged with melancholy, inspired
among the mass of readers, as to literary or artistic
by the Wordsworthian tradition, and belonging merits. Only experience could make credible the
in the same category with those of Arnold and fact that in homes, refined in other ways, the “pic-
Clough. If we may not linger over these deli. ture section” of the Sunday newspaper is given to
cate and wistful songs, we may at least find in the children as amusement, — lofty pabulum for the
one of them “The Dying Seer”- a sort of
traditional if not lineal descendants of the Puritans!
epitaph for their author, now departed from
Lowell's words are relevant: “Good taste may not
the community of the living.
be necessary to salvation or to success in life, but it
is one of the most powerful factors of civilization."
« Close the book — the words are written,
The alliance of picture and text dates back even
They will stand for good or ill;
True, the stately palm is smitten,
to the crude wood-cuts of Caxton's “Game and Play
But its seeds are living still;
of the Chesse" in 1476, and the early broadsides
Darkness gathers round the writer,
down to Bewick and his successors. Pictorial and lit-
Envious murmurs greet bis name,
erary art have been reciprocally stimulating. Hiram
But his thoughts will shine the brighter
Powers's “Greek Slave" evoked one of Mrs. Brown-
In the after-glow of fame.”
ing's most tender sonnets. Giotto's portrait of
Dante inspired Lowell to rare verse. The Cenci
gave incentive to Shelley's drama and Hawthorne's
Many an artist of a later generation
has infused fresh vitality into a hackneyed literary
THE REIGN OF THE SPECTACULAR.
model. Millais visualized Effie Deans. Mr. Abbey's
In the varied phases of modern thought and ac- character-interpretations have revealed anew the
tivity, the obvious holds unchallenged sway. The creative genius of both poet and painter. Miss
deeds that are conspicuous, the ideas that are garish, Austen and Mrs. Gaskell have been rejuvenated by
the literature that is episodic and pictorial, gain the Mr. Hugh Thomson's delineations. “ Lewis Car-
popular favor. The eye of the senses is regnant, roll” could not have foreseen the revival of popu-
often a substitute for ear, imagination, and reason. larity which would greet his wonderland-child when
Surface-impressions satisfy; " the eyes of our un- Mr. Peter Newell should portray the droll fancies
derstanding” are dimly enlightened. In the ver- of his creation.
nacular of the American youth, every entertainment Because of the usefulness of such commingled
is a “show," whether at the theatre or the church, art of a high grade, one must the more deplore the
at home or at school. With all possible tribute to bizarre in text and illustration. Perhaps with pre-
the progress and appreciation of art during the last vision of this danger, Wordsworth wrote his sonnet
quarter-century, one must admit that there is a craze on “Illustrated Books and Magazines,” with its
for pictures and pageants apart from their essential warning, -
or even relative value. There is a commercial de- “Avaunt this vile abuse of pictured page!
mand for all grades of illustration, from classics to Must eyes be all in all, the tongue and ear
crudities. No calling, no field of activity, is exempt.
Nothing ? Heaven keep us from a lower stage !"
The clergyman who uses an angling-line and bait as As a natural means of educating the starved im-
illustration in his sermon, the “reportorial artist aginations of children, victims of the lifeless, sta-
who haunts the President and “catches five facial tistical text-books of the past, as a road to forming
expressions” during an earnest address, the prolix word-concepts and moral ideas, picture-studies have
hack-writer who produces an emblazoned book of been of inestimable value.
been of inestimable value. A few far-seeing stu-
travel in countries that he has never seen, the hostess dents of pedagogy, however, have sounded the alarm
who entertains by a flaring vaudeville, —all these are against excess of picture-teaching, lest it defeat its
alike offenders against dignity and taste. Speakers end and leave inert both mind and fancy. To cul-
of renown may find listeners to a discourse upon tivate individual ideas, to educe subjective interpre-
some scientific or literary theme, but even such are tations of life and letters, is the desideratum of all
occasionally startled by the inquiry, “Have n't you education; such results are often hindered by excess
some lectures with lantern slides ?” Privileged to of scenic material.
listen to Mrs. Meynell's sympathetic interpreta- The fashion of dramatized novels, to keep pace
tion of Herrick, Vaughan, and their Cavalier com- with the melodramatic trend of modern life, is only
panions, I heard, in exit, the following sentences : an extravagant revival of earlier literary custom.
1. Was n't she charming?” “Oh, yes, I was glad to Shakespeare dramatized chronicles, traditions, and


298
(Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
success.
"
"
66
a
66
the meagre fiction then available. Scott and Dickens legg, and other peasant villages in Southern Europe.
were often staged during the years of their first In the complex mental and social phases of modern
A bibliography of Dickens mentions over life, there are classified interests; and the indivi-
fifty plays adapted from his works, five versions dual's choice defines his tastes and moral standards.
of David Copperfield" appearing the year of its To meet the excessive demand for the spectacular,
publication. "Monte Christo," "Jane Eyre," "Rip however, the higher grades of fiction and drama
“,
Van Winkle," and "Uncle Tom's Cabin" are only have been pushed aside, and many a promising
a few of many familiar examples of long-popular imagination has been perverted by undue attention
dramatizations. The danger to-day, however, lurks to vapid or erotic plays. With anxiety, a manager
in the motives of the authors. Dickens and Scott of loftier aim ventures to offer an occasional work
and Irving did not write to satisfy an immediate of literary excellence like Mr. Stephen Phillips's
audience. Literary impulse actuated their fiction; “Ulysses.” This effort to cultivate a better taste is
pictorial and dramatic effects were interwoven as decreed a signal failure by the public, unless the
natural expressions of theme or characters. Within opening night brings a crowded house, frequent
the essence of the life portrayed is the dynamic curtain-calls, and fulsome praise from critics who
force, the truly dramatic force, in all literature of deem it their mission chiefly to carp. In contem-
highest rank. One can readily recall novels of the porary revival of Shakespeare there is insistent
past and present, of strong dramatic power, where hope, for Shakespeare no longer means “ financial
both action and dialogue were scantily used in di- ruin to the theatrical agent." To satisfy the popular
rect evidence, but where analysis and interpretation craze for spectacular background, there is often de-
have projected the characters and theme upon the traction from dramatic simplicity and potency. To
reader's mind with great dramatic force. Of such reproduce Shakespeare without any illusive charm
types are“ Daniel Deronda” and “Henry Esmond,” would be a futile experiment for general adoption.
“The Scarlet Letter" and “Rhoda Fleming,” One
may cite Edwin Booth's story of his most satis-
“The Valley of Decision” and “The Mettle of the factory portrayal of “Hamlet” in a small Western
Pasture."
town when the scenery and costumes failed to arrive;
In the effort to adapt fiction of the most delicate but this signal victory over adventitious circumstances
literary quality to the stage, there is generally a loss did not convert him to such custom. Our quarrel is
of subtle charm, both in characterization and emo- with the abuse, not the decorous use, of scenic art.
tional development. To hasten in unveiling the When Mrs. Fiske appears in "A Doll's House
gradual mental processes, in response to the demands with a single crude interior scene and one change
of the stage, is to detract from subtlety and strength. of simple dress, she so holds her auditors by her
After witnessing a few of the popular dramatiza- grasp and revelation of the tragic discord between
tions of romance, one can appreciate the dread of Nora and Thorwald that they forget to make those
Charlotte Brontë when she heard that “ Jane Eyre” rude preparations for departure which stigmatize our
was to be staged, and her unwillingness to witness “nation in a hurry.”
it; and can sympathize with the sarcasm of a present- As an influence to counteract melodrama and
day novelist to her playwright, “I congratulate you sensationalism, one might suggest a revival of the
upon the success with which you have dramatized best comedies of the past and adaptation of fiction
the title of
my
novel.”
with gently satiric vein. Shakespeare's comedies
To justify the excess of melodrama and the drama- are ever popular. Why not more frequent presen-
tized romance, the half-truth has been reiterated, tation of Molière and Goldsmith and Sheridan?
“ After all, we go to the theatre to see a spectacle." Under the witty cleavage of wholesome satire, many
In gratifying this surface pleasure, which is really of the excesses of current art and fashion would
only a means to an end, we have forgotten the primal disappear. Mr. George Meredith has well empha-
use of the stage for religious and moral culture. sized the effect of comedy upon sensationalism:
There may seem a radicalism in the proposed ex- “Thus, for want of instruction in the comic idea,
periment, in one or two specific cases, to unite the we lose a large audience among our cultivated mid-
theatre and the church; yet such would be only a dle class that we should expect to support comedy.
return to historical models. The revival of the best One excellent test of the civilization of a country I
Moralities, heralded by “ Everyman,” will achieve take to be the flourishing of the comic idea and
more than passing amusement or merely intellectual comedy; and the test of true comedy is that it shall
culture. The dramaturgic devices in such plays will awaken laughter. . . . You see Folly perpetually
not submerge the motive and symbolism, and the sliding into new shapes in a society possessed of
drama will thus become a potent religious agency,
wealth and leisure, with many whims, many strange
as it was in the days before the reign of Puritanism. ailments, and strange doctors. Plenty of common-
The inventions and mechanical devices used in pro- sense in the world to thrust her back when she pre-
ducing “Ben-Hur” occasioned wonder in the world tends to empire. But the first form of common-
of art and science; the religious element and the sense, the vigilant comic, which is the genius of
personalities, however, were subservient to the glit- thoughtful laughter, which would readily extinguish
tering pageant, in marked contrast to the simple and her at the outset, is not serving as a public adva
soul-stirring miracle-plays at Oberammergau, Brix- cate.”
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1903.]
299
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Novels of society offer excellent material for
dramatization; but those should be chosen which
The New Books.
will educate as well as amuse. Mr. Howells's farces
are always successful. Why would not many of
his novels, if dramatized with skill, offer enjoyable
RECOLLECTIONS OF A NOTABLE
comedy? “The Landlord at Lion's Head” and “The
LITERARY LIFE.*
Kentons,"
,” without further enumeration, contain pic- It is not given to every man to live such a
torial elements cleverly interwoven with subtle wit; life as that which closed when Richard Henry
while underlying all elements is the true love for
Stoddard passed away in May of the present
honest humanity. American fiction has reproduced,
year. To say nothing of having the poetic gift,
with scenic brilliance, pictures of varied sections
few indeed have the stamina, the energy, the
which might well allure the dramatist. The social
contrasts in large cities have as yet been merely out-
divine enthusiasm which carry them over the
lined. Why should not the tragedies and comedies
stony places and enable them to win an honor-
of “ the other half” afford scope for drama as thrill-able and permanent place in the guild of poets.
ing and corrective as its oral and written recital by To few has been granted the privilege of know-
Mr. Riis ?
ing, and knowing intimately, so many of the
The student of history is not depressed by the men who made our literature during three score
flaunting symptoms of current life and literature.
of years. He knew Bryant, Halleck, Willis,
Under different aspects, in varied ages, there have Poe, and nearly all of the famous New England
been like excesses of fashion. After the reign of
euphuism and the later age of poetic artifice, there
group ; he was the intimate friend of Bayard
came reactions, renewed devotion
to simple funda Taylor, George Boker, and Buchanan Read;
mental truths. Satiated with the spectacular, there
he was the friend and counsellor of a host of
are indications to-day of a tendency toward a saner
younger writers, such as Stedman and Howells.
life. In many communities, nobler standards al-
When he went to New York to live in 1835,
ready rebuke mere affluence and gaud. There is a the city had pot spread far above Canal Street,
general recognition of Nature's restorative for the and swine roamed about on Broadway. The
strain of city life, --- a life melodramatic in its seeth growth of New York in his life-time, however,
ing streets by daylight not less than in its illusive
is no more wonderful than the development of
forms around the foot-lights. Surviving the artifi-
that literature of which New York became one
cial and the sensational rises the Excelsior of the true
of the important centres.
artist, — the creation and illumination of the vital.
Elements of such endeavor are cemented in Mr.
Mr. Stoddard began the preparation of the
Garland's ideal for individual and universal service:
present volume some seven years ago. In the
“Life is the model, truth is the master, the heart of spring of this year the book was finished and
the man himself is the motive-power.”
sent to press. But before its aged author had
ANNIE RUSSELL MARBLE. seen it in type he had passed away. The work
of editing has been ably performed by Mr.
Ripley Hitchcock, who has added some import-
PROFESSOR SAINTSBURY has done a marked service
to all students and practitioners of literary critioism, as
ant notes, a chapter on “ The Last Years," a
well as to all who are occupied, whether as students or
brief bibliography, and a good index. The vol.
as teachers, with the higher reaches of the art of rhe-
ume is enriched with a half-dozen illustrations,
toric, by the preparation of his recent volume of “Loci among which are copies of some admirable pho-
Critici” (Ginn). The work is a chronologically-arrangedtographs of Mr. and Mrs. Stoddard taken for
catena of excerpts and complete documents illustrating
the Authors Club in 1902. The large-paper
the history of literary criticism from Aristotle to Arnold.
The editorial matter is slight, consisting of notes, the
edition contains in addition a number of fac-
work done in translation and condensation, and the similes of letters and manuscripts from the
selection of significant passages. In the matter of selec- poet's valuable library.
tion, there is room for much difference of opinion, and
The story of Mr. Stoddard's boyhood, while
we should have been glad to find within the covers of
the volume a larger representation of the modern critics
not without its parallels, is most pathetic. Suc-
in other languages than our own. But the work had to
cessively clerk at an oyster bar, errand boy,
be kept within bounds, and its usefulness is so great legal copyist at less than a dollar a week, news-
that we are not disposed to cavil over the omissions.
paper office-boy, tailor, book-keeper in a brush
a
Aristotle, Ben Jonson, Dryden, Wordsworth, and Colo-
and bellows factory, blacksmith's apprentice,
ridge, are the writers most extensively represented,
nearly one-half of the work being devoted to these five
iron moulder, and carriage painter, he still
men. For most purposes, this volume will do as a sub-
*RECOLLECTIONS, PERSONAL AND LITERARY. By Rich-
stitute for a fair-sized library of original authorities, ard Henry Stoddard. Edited by Ripley Hitchcook. With
an economy which we should be ungrateful not to appre- an Introduction by Edmund Clarence Stedman. Illustratod.
ciate.
New York: A. S. Barnes & Co.
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300
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found a little money to buy books and a little sides, they suited his purse, which was not plethoric
time to read them. Haunting old book-stalls with sbekels. In the first of these rooms, which was
after working hours, he picked up many odd
set apart for his books, there was a little table at which
he wrote late into the night, resting his soul with
volumes of the English poets, among them poetry after the prosaic labours of the day.”
Beattie and Falconer, Burns, Thomson, Cowper,
and Shakespeare- the last volume containing
In chapter vii. Mr. Stoddard gives an in-
two of his Roman plays and “ Troilus and Cres teresting account of a visit to Lowell, with
some of the latter's table-talk. Here is wbat
sida,” which the boy found hard reading. He
constantly practised the writing of verse; and
Lowell had to say on the subject of poetry:!!
made the acquaintance of Park Benjamin and
«« Poetry, as I understand it, is the recognition of
something new and true in thought or feeling, the re-
of Lewis Gaylord Clark, editor of “The Knick-
collection of some profound experience, the conception
erbocker Magazine.” Of his early literary of some heroic action, the creation of something beau-
work he has this to say:
tiful and pathetic. There are things in verse which
“ From continuous and patient practice I had now
may be questioned, but they are not the poetical things,
acquired considerable skill in the construction of melo-
are not the things which are Poetry. There can be no
dious lines and the use of unforced rhymes, and if I
doubt about that, for it authenticates itself, and so
had not attained excellence of execution, I had attained
absolutely that it seems not to have been written, but
definiteness of conception. I knew what I wanted to
always to bave been. We are not conscious of Shake-
write, and, within my limitations, how to write it. It speare in his great plays, but of Nature, whose pen
was something outside of myself, something healthier
and instrument he was. The poetry of Shakespeare
and larger, something that concerned the emotions of
and his fellow-dramatists,' he continued, in other
mankind, and not my own petty feelings. If it was a
words, the poetry of the age of Elizabeth, was greater
river, and I wrote about a river, I described the stretch than any that has been written since, because the
of country through which it flowed, and its human Englishman of the age of Elizabeth was greater than
environments; if it was a wood, and I wrote about a
any Englishman that has lived since. He was more
wood, I described its shadowy leafage, the notes of its
hardy and adventurous than his descendants, more
birds, and recalled the phantoms of its aboriginal in-
resolute and reckless, more given to action and less to
habitants; if it was a cathedral, and I wrote about a
speculation, of strong natural parts, and no learning to
cathedral, I described its massive architecture and its speak of, clear-sighted, hearty in his manners, and
historic associations, peopling the long-drawn aisles
plain, blunt, and idiomatic in his speech. If he had
with mediæval worshippers, the festivity of their wed-
been other than he was, he could not have been the
dings, the solemnity of their funerals, and whatever bulwark of Protestantism, could not have destroyed
else imagination suggested as proper to the place and
the Spanish Armada, and could not have had the
time."
Shakespearian drama.'
While this formula did not produce verse of The chapter on “My Life in the Custom
the highest order, it shows that the young House” is full of interesting reminiscences
poet bad progressed in his conception of the of a by-gone day. One of the experiences re-
art. He had now a sure foothold in the liter-
counted was of a ball in Tammany Hall.
ary world and published much verse in “The
“A Tammany ball was something to be remem-
Knickerbocker," " The Union Magazine," and bered, though the memory of one of them should suffice.
66 The Home Journal."
There was dancing, of course; there was also speech-
Of Bayard Taylor, whom he met in 1848, making, principally by Captain Rynders and his gang.
Mr. Stoddard has much to say. For years
Toasts, generally patriotic, were proposed, and there
never was lack of the wherewithal to wet them with;
they were as Damon and Pythias.
there were songs, too, and our national hymn was roared
“ Bayard Taylor and I met at night generally, for energetically, though there were reasons why some of
neither could call the day his own; he had his work the singers called it the · Bar Tangled Spanner.' Some
to do on The Tribune,' and I had mine to do in the of the guests were supposed to be absent-minded, for
foundry. Apart from politics, his was the cleaner of in the ladies' dressing-room the combs and brushes were
the two, but not the least laborious, I am sure. He chained to the wall."
wrote fifteen hours a day, he told me, scribbling book
notices, leaders, foreign news, reports,
Mr. Stoddard has elsewhere recounted the
turning his
hand and pen to everything that went to the making of episode of Poe's reception of his “Ode on a
a newspaper in 1849.
Grecian Flute," which he repeats here. Though
“ There was but one night in the week when he Mr. Stoddard bore no malice toward Poe be-
could do what he pleased, and that was Saturday
night, which we always spent together when he was in
cause of this incident, and in fact shows great
town. I looked forward to it as a school-boy looks generosity in speaking of Poe's writings, yet it
forward to a holiday, and was happy when it came. I cannot be said that he sets Poe out in a favor-
have forgotten where his rooms were, but as nearly as able light. He discovered for himself a fact
I can recollect they were in a boarding-house on Murray
Street, not far from Broadway. They were sky par-
not unknown to others, friends and foes alike,
lours [five stories up; the building still stands.—N.],
that Poe often sold his literary wares three
as the saying is, for he liked a good outlook; and be- or four times over; and that he was always a
>
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1903.)
801
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)
plagiarist, though he was somehow, at the same his younger brethren of the craft, to whom he
time, always original.
thus passed on the favors he himself had re-
Mr. Stoddard had a high opinion of Boker, ceived as a young man. It is a worthy tribute
the dramatist, who, like Mrs. Stoddard, never to a heroic soul, a warrior who fought a good
became as well known as he deserved to be. fight, who at the same time “knew himself
Boker wrote thus to Mr. Stoddard of his “Fran- to sing and build the lofty rhyme," and whose
cesca da Rimini”:
best work is his enduring monument.
“Of course, you know the story, - every one does;
CLARK SUTHERLAND NORTHUP.
but you, nor any one else, do not know it as I have treated
it. I have great faith in the successful issue of this new
attempt. I think all day and write all night. This is
one of my peculiarities, by the bye: a subject seizes me
SOCIAL ORIGINS AND PRIMAL LAW.*
soul and body, which accounts for the rapidity of my exe-
cution. My muse resembles a whirlwind: she catches Lewis H. Morgan may almost be called the
me up, hurries me along, and drops me all breathless at founder of American ethnology. He was a
the end of her career.
bold, original, and independent thinker. His
More than once Mr. Stoddard insists, with theories produced a sensation, and set scores of
justice, that a poet should not be judged by an investigators to work. His fate has been most
absolute present-day standard, but should be curious. While everyone assigns him notable
read in connection with his time. He applies rank as a scholar, and must read his writings,
this to Longfellow, the spirit of whose verse few if any of his theories are actually held, as
belongs to an earlier period. Read “ by the
Read by the he presented them, by present-day scholars.
.
glimmering twilight of American literature,
His work on “Systems of Consanguinity and
Longfellow deserves the high reputation which
Terms of Relationship.” was a marvel of
he at one time possessed. Halleck's poetry, laborious and painstaking industry; its ap-
too, considered in relation to its time, must be
pearance marks an epoch ; but its conclusions
called remarkable.
are probably repudiated by every modern
Not the least interesting and touching pas- student.
sages in the book are those relating to the poet's Morgan, McLennan, Lubbock, Howitt,
home-life. His admiration for his wife was
Fison, Westermarck, these names flash to
immense; yet Longfellow told him that he
the mind when Social Origins are mentioned,
rated ber literary abilities none too highly. Her or when such words are spoken as gens, clan,
fiction, -- "The Morgesons,” “ Two Men,” and phratry, exogamy, totemism, and communal
.
“ Temple House” – he believed to be “the marriage. And, probably, most students of
most original and powerful novels ever written ethnology and sociology find their heads whirl-
by an American woman. .” Of their homes, ing at the memory of their efforts to bring
at No. 46 Third Street, at the corner of Fourth
some order out of the disorder and confusion
Avenue and Tenth Street, at the old No. 181 and inconsistency of the writings on the prim-
Thirteenth Street, and in Fifteenth Street, east itive family and marriage.
of Stuyvesant Square,- he speaks with ten- What is totemism? How did it arise ? What
derness ; and of the death of Willy Stoddard, is a gens or a clan? What is a phratry? How
even after the lapse of forty years, he is unable did they arise? What is exogamy? Why do
to write without betraying great emotion. That
“ lower peoples” disapprove of marriage be
he was intensely proud of his son Lorimer, the tween persons who, from our point of view, are
brilliant young dramatist, is evident.
not debarred on account of relationship? Mr.
“ He was thought to be a clever lad, was Lorimer Andrew Lang, in “Social Origins,” takes up
Stoddard, though he had the good sense not to think
so himself. He was tall for his age, slight of build,
these and similar questions, and in so doing
addicted to reading everything except poetry, for which gives a review of the theories which have been
he cared nothing, greatly to the joy of his father, who advanced by the long list of writers from Mor-
thought that there were altogether too many poets." gan and McLennan to Crawley. The book has
The all too brief Introduction, written by special value for two reasons: first, because it
his friend of over forty years, Mr. Stedman, gives some new ideas, and, second, because it
dwells on the brave and manly struggle of the aims to bring about a more definite and con-
young artisan to become a poet; on his devo- sistent use of terms. While different authors
tion to the intellectual life; on the modesty of are not agreed upon the meaning of words like
Stoddard and his group in not heralding their
* SOCIAL ORIGINS. By Andrew Lang. - PRIMAL LAW. By
own praises ; and on his unselfish counsel to J.J. Atkinson. New York: Longmans, Groen, & Co.
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[Nov. 1,
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-
totemism and exogamy, we must expect con- list? Of course, Mr. Lang is justified in using
fusion and uncertainty in discussions regard- the material as he does until its force is weak.
ing them.
ened. While it is accepted, his suggestion is
Mr. Lang was impelled to write the book by novel and interesting.
the fact that the late James Jasper Atkinson, Returning now to Mr. Atkinson's paper, we
whose mother was Mr. Lang's aunt, left at his find it important and original. He begins with
death an unpublished manuscript upon “ Pri- the query why brothers and sisters may not
mal Law." Mr. Atkinson was born in India, of marry, why they must avoid each other. The
Scottish parents. While he was still a young
While he was still a young origin of this avoidance he seeks, not among
man, he settled in New Caledonia, where he savages or primitive men, but in the life of
spent the greater part of his life. In that
non-human animals. He aims to reconstruct
archipelago he became greatly interested in the life of man's anthropoid ancestor. In the
native life and customs. He at first worked sex jealousy of the father in the little wandering
alone, but later became acquainted with the group, he finds the basis of exogamy, of non-
works of other students in ethnology, being marriage between the brother and sister. He
particularly attracted to writings regarding then traces the social progress of this anthro-
primitive social organization. In preparing poid form, step by step, in a way that is for the
Mr. Atkinson's manuscript for the press, Mr. most part natural and reasonable. His first
Lang was led to re-study what has been writ- steps appeal strongly to us. The original and
ten upon such lines. The result is his part of absolute control of the father; the driving out
the book before us. We shall not consider it of the
of the young males; the way in which first one
at length, but shall merely indicate some of the (the youngest) and then all the young males
special points which he makes. Several of these were tolerated; the social effect of this toler-
are the direct result of Atkinson's argument. ance; the resulting exogamy, introducing for-
Mr. Lang claims that exogamic tendencies eign females into the group; the prohibitions
probably existed before totemic names ; after and avoidances (a) of sister and brother, (6)
the totemic name is fixed, the exogamic ten- of patriarch and captured females --- fathers-
dency became accentuated ; the class system of
the class system of in-law and daughters-in-law,- and (c) between
nomenclature has reference to generations, to mother and son, are clearly and rather satisfac-
relative age, rather than to actual kinship; the torily shown. What is not equally well brought
phratries are later than the exogamous totem- out is the rise of the gens, with clear female
gentes and are produced by their amalgama- descent and headship, which really precedes
tion, rather than earlier and producing them the form of gens with clear male headship and
by cleavage; totem names are not born in the descent. Some of the difficulties and weak.
gens, but are imposed from outside, often be- nesses of the latter part of the discussion might
ing nick-names, even terms of reproach or con. perhaps have been overcome if Mr. Atkinson
tempt. This last point is perhaps distinctively had lived. His “ Primal Law," as it stands, is
Mr. Lang's. To its support the author brings an ingenious and novel argument, which will
some curious nicknames applied to English assist us — as it has assisted Mr. Lang - in
villagers, and some Sioux Indian totem-names. answering some difficult fundamental questions
We confess that at first thought it seems highly more simply and naturally than they had before
unlikely that a totem-gens should accept, and been answered.
FREDERICK STARR.
use for itself, a term applied — perhaps con-
temptuously - by outsiders. Nor does it really
seem to have been done among the English vil- REMINISCENCES OF A CONFEDERATE
lages mentioned. It may be that Hillborough
GENERAL.*
men call the men of Loughton “cuckoos”; is
A very agreeable and entertaining collection
it true that the Loughton men have accepted of sketches illustrative of the American Civil
the name and use it among themselves? As to War and its varying episodes may be found in
his Sioux evidence, Mr. Lang's argument com- the volume written by General John B. Gordon,
pels the belief that it needs to be reëxamined in formerly of the Confederate Army, and entitled
the field. Are “hide-scrapers” and “dung- " Reminiscences of the Civil War." These
eaters” really totem names used and recognized recollections cover the entire period of the war;
by the totem-members themselves; or, are they
* REMINISCENCES OF THE CIVIL WAR. By General John
not truly contemptuous nicknames applied by
B. Gordon, of the Confederate Army. With portraits. Now
the outsider who gave Mr. Dorsey his original York : Charles Soribner's Sons.


1903.)
303
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and they take the several forms of history, anec- wbose valor or gallantry Gordon would ascribe
dote, and critical comment, such as might well the higher praise. It needs no other acquaint-
have distinguished a camp-fire gathering of the ance with him than that afforded by these re-
leaders of the two contending armies during miniscences, to discern in his chivalrous nature
that struggle. General Gordon is one of the
.
“ That stern joy which warriors feel
few general officers of that war who now survive;
In foemen worthy of their steel.”
and, fortunately for the purposes of such a There is no false or insincere tone in the lan-
work as this, his opportunities for gathering guage in which he lauds and magnifies the
and preserving the ana of the whole period American valor which waged the Civil War
have been exceptionally good. Among the first - on the one side successfully, on the other
to enlist in the Southern army, and achieving without avail. He does not write with the view
early promotion and frequent enlargements of of overlooking or obscuring the issues involved
his field of action, his service continued to the in the war; he states them fairly and temper-
very close of the war. He and the men under ately, as follows:
his command were participants in the first battle · The dominating thought of the North and of the
of Bull Run, and held prominent position in
South may be summarized in a few sentences. The
such contests as Malvern Hill and Antietam ;
South maintained with the depth of religious convic-
tion that the Union formed under the Constitution was
they reached Gettysburg in time to help turn
a Union of consent and not of force; that the original
the tide of battle on the first day, and took part States were not the creatures but the creators of the
in guarding the Confederate retreat across the Union; that these States had gained their indepen-
Potomac; they experienced the full stress of
dence, their freedom, and their sovereignty from the
the sanguinary fields of the Wilderness and
mother country, and had not surrendered these on
entering the Union; that by the express terms of the
Spottsylvania, engineered the surprise which
Constitution all rights and powers not delegated were
the Federals suffered in the morning at Cedar reserved to the States; and the South challenged the
Creek, and shared in the flight of the Confed- North to find one trace of authority in that Constitu-
erates at night; they joined in the last great
tion for invading and coercing a sovereign State.
“ The North, on the other hand, maintained, with
effort of Lee and his men in the works at
the utmost confidence in the correctness of her position,
Petersburg, and conceived and carried out the
that the Union formed under the Constitution was in-
capture of Fort Stedman, the last spasm of tended to be perpetual; that sovereignty was a unit
Confederate aggressive action before the sur-
and could not be divided; that whether or not there
render. The man of quick wit and keen acu-
was any express power granted in that Constitution for
invading a State, the right of self-preservation was
men, who passes successfully through such a
inherent in all governments; that the life of the Union
maze of strenuous experiences, must of neces- was essential to the life of liberty; or, in the words of
sity have an entertaining tale to tell, and it has Webster, Liberty and union are one and inseparable.""
·
been told in this volume with a spirit and in a His summary of those issues emphasizes the
form which will give exceeding pleasure to his Americanism which he sees distinguishing the
readers. Sample chapters from this story, motives of the actors on both sides.
which have appeared recently in the pages of “Truth, justice and patriotism unite in proclaiming
one of the magazines, and have been widely that both sides fought for liberty as bequeathed by the
read, well illustrate the general character of Fathers, the one for liberty in the Union of the States,
these “ Reminiscences.”
the other for liberty in the Independence of the States."
There is no asperity in the tone which General He does not undertake to
argue anew the
ques-
Gordon assumes in his recitals. The past is tions which led to the assumption of these
not forgotten, and it is remembered and dis- antagonistic points of view; he thinks such
cussed without apologies ; but it is for the argument would now be useless and superfluous.
United States and her people of the present It is rather by way of explanation than argu-
that the former soldier writes, and with a gaze ment that he refers to the views then held by
turned toward the nation and the nation's peo- the Southerners, in one instance quoting from
ple of the future. The leading and dominant the speech of a Southern statesman, as indica-
spirit of the book is a desire to honor and tive of the education in national politics which
glorify the patriotic and honorable manhood the Southern soldiers had received. The posi-
which struggled through the momentous con- tion of the Southerners was there assumed to
test of the Civil War, and without any em- be one “not of aggression but purely of de-
phasis upon the color of the uniform with which fence"; and in support of the assumption of
that manhood was clothed. It would be difficult sovereignty by the Southern States, reliance
.
to say upon which side those soldiers fought, to was placed upon the mythical “ declaration of
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New York, Rhode Island, and Virginia, when No class of these war-memories is recited
they entered the Union," that those States had with a keener zest by General Gordon than
reserved something from their obligations to those in which is manifested the manly and
the Union. But these suggestions have appar-knightly courtesy shown by the soldiers on each
ently no polemic purpose; they are offered in side toward those upon the other. It is appar-
illustration of the author's proposition that the ently with delight that he fills his pages with
conflict was between two antithetic types of one incidents exhibiting the chivalry of true soldiers;
original Americanism, and in the same spirit many of them occurring within his own knowl-
in which he finds satisfaction in the reflection edge, but many others told from hearsay. By
that the constitution of the “ Confederate the same token, the narrator writes himself
States” was
so nearly like” the “old Ameri- down a man of innate chivalry. Not only in
can Constitution.” The clearest remembrance the knightly demeanor of officers toward their
which he retains of the war and its events, and leading antagonists on the battle-field, or when
the strongest conviction which he entertains capturing prisoners, or under cartel, but in the
concerning its results, are that the American secret visits of both officers and soldiers across
character was thereby tested, chastened, and the lines, in the “swapping” by pickets of news-
strengthened; so that out of the conflict he papers and tobacco, in the ceasing of firing in
draws reassurance for the future of the Republic. unusual contingencies, and in the fair notice
“The stability of popular government depends far given of the renewal of hostilities, “Hello,
more upon the character, the individual personal char- there, Johnnies, get into your holes, we're going
acter, of its people, than it does upon any constitution to shoot !” General Gordon finds the dominance
that could be adopted or statutes that could be enacted.
What would safeguards be worth if the character of the
of the native American chivalry. But in all
people did not sustain and enforce them? The constitu- these, the cynic will probably find, as cynics
tion would be broken, the laws defied; riot and anarchy have found heretofore, that it was “a very
would destroy both, and with them the government it- Civil War.”
self. I am not assuming or suggesting that this coun-
try is in any present danger of such an experience; but
The purely military comments, descriptions,
of all the countries on earth this one, with its universal
and criticisms in this volume will attract and in-
suffrage, its divergent and conflicting interests, its im- terest General Gordon's readers. He pictures
mense expanse of territory, and its large population, the opening scenes of the battle of Antietam,
made
up
from every class and clime, and still to be in-
which, he says, “ left its lasting impress upon
creased in the coming years, is far more dependent than
any other upon the character of its people. It is a great my body as well as upon my memory,” in these
support to our hope for the future and to our confidence words:
in the stability of this government, to recall now and “Vigorously following up the success achieved at
then some illustration of the combination of virtues South Mountain, McClellan, on the 16th day of Sep-
which make up character, as they gleam with peculiar tember, 1862, marshalled his veteran legions on the
lustre through the darkest hours of our Civil War eastern hills bordering the Antietam. On the opposite
period. That war not only gave the occasion for its slopes, near the picturesque village of Sharpsburg, stood
exhibition, but furnished the food upon which character the embattled lines of Lee. As these vast American
fed and grew strong."
armies, the one clad in blue and the other in gray, stood
When an active participant in the Confederate
contemplating each other from the adjacent hills, flaunt-
war looks
upon the past and the future of the ing their
defiant banners, they presented an array of
martial splendor that was not equalled, perhaps, on any
Republic with such patriotic optimism, we seem other field. It was in marked contrast with other battle-
to be nearing the time when the actors on both grounds. On the open plain, where stood these hoge
sides in the great contest can reach a common
tile hosts in long lines, listening in silence for the signal
ground from which to observe their own past
summoning them to battle, there were no breastworks,
no abatis, no intervening woodlands, nor abrupt hills,
experiences.
nor hiding-places, nor impassable streams.
The same calmness of judgment enables over which the assaulting columns were to march, and
General Gordon to estimate at tbeir true on which was soon to ocour the tremendous struggle,
worth the characteristics displayed by Lee,
consisted of smooth and gentle undulations and a
Jackson, and others of the Confederate lead-
narrow valley covered with green grass and growing
From the position assigned me near the centre
ers. His opportunities for knowing and study of Lee's lines, both armies and the entire field were in
ing these men were exceptionally good, and view. The scene was not only magnificent to look
his portraiture of them is clear and enlighten- upon, but the realization of what it meant was deeply
ing. Lee and Jackson, in particular, will be
impressive."
better understood and appreciated than before,
The author's recollections of Gettysburg pre-
by those who shall read General Gordon's sent themselves in a series of pictures, of which
pages.
the following is a specimen :
The space
corn.


1908.)
805
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“The fiercest struggle is now for the possession of with “resounding rhetoric and rounded pe-
Little Round Top. Standing on its rugged summit like
riods,” how the other boys painfully tried to
a lone sentinel, is seen an erect but slender form clad in
the uniform of a Union officer. It is Warren, Meade's
follow the course of the great argument, and
chief of engineers. With practised eye, he sees at how the president of the society floundered in
glance that, quickly seized, that rock-ribbed bill would attempting to "sum up the arguments,” will
prove a Gibraltar amidst the whirling currents of the be gathered from General Gordon's pages, as
battle, resisting its heaviest shocks. Staff and couriers
he tells us how the odd story came to solace
are summoned, who swiftly bear his messages to the
he
Union leaders. Veterans from Hancock and Sykes re-
and amuse his weary hours when convalescing
spond at a double-quick. Around its base, along its
from serious wounds received on the field, and
sides, and away toward the Union right, with the forces how it remains one of the well-remembered epi-
of Sickles and Hancock, the gray veterans of Long- sodes of a sanguinary experience. With such
street are in herculean wrestle. Wilcox's Alabamians
and Barksdale's Mississippians seize a Union battery
medicine as this, it is no wonder that the mer-
and rush on. The Union lines under Humphreys break curial spirit of the wounded officer survived all
through a Confederate gap and sweep around Barks- the hardships of a prolonged and terrible war,
dale's left. Wright's Georgians and Perry's Floridians to illumine the days of peace in his native land
are hurled against Humphreys and break him in turn.
Amidst the smoke and fury, Sickles, with thigh-bone
with the story of his memorable life.
shivered, sickens and falls from his saddle into the arms
JAMES OSCAR PIERCE.
of his soldiers. Sixty per cent of Hancock's veterans
go down with his gallant Brigadiers Willard, Zook,
Cross, and Brooke. The impetuous Confederate lead-
ers, Barksdale and Semmes, fall and die, but their places
SOME TYPES OF RELIGIOUS THOUGHT.
are quickly assumed by the next in command. The
Union forces of Vincent and Weed, with Hazlett's The books noticed below, diverse as they
artillery, have reached the summit, but all three are are, nearly all serve to illustrate the fact that
killed. The apex of Little Round Top is the point of
deadliest struggle. The day ends, and thus ends the
the religion of the English-speaking peoples is
battle. As the last rays of the setting sun fall upon
undergoing a change. While this movement
the summit, they are reflected from the batteries and is of course part of one affecting the whole of
bayonets of the Union soldiers still upon it, with the civilization, it is being carried forward inde
bleeding Confederates struggling to possess it."
pendently, in different quarters, and with de-
But it should not be supposed that these cidedly different results. In the course of
.
reminiscences are as largely serious as the evolution, when physical conditions change, it
,
foregoing comments might be taken to inti. is not usually the most elaborately specialized
mate. Our author shines as a raconteur. The animals which leave descendants. Perfectly
lighter and more humorous sides of even serious and minutely adjusted to a given environment,
situations are always luminous to him, and the these wonders of their time fail utterly when
liveliest and most amusing anecdotes throng confronted by altered circumstances, while
his pages. The sprightliness of the camp-fire more plastic and simple creatures succeed.
enlivens nearly every chapter, and the fun is The organized religions of the world, regarded
always of that genteel geniality which depends by themselves, impress one in different degrees
in no whit upon vulgarity. The reviewer who by their completeness, logical coherence, or vis-
would give examples of the wit which General ible display. In the struggle for existence it
Gordon enjoys, sufficient to illustrate his capac-might readily be supposed that such things as
,
ity for appreciating the humorous, would be in
these, combined with great antiquity, would
danger of surfeiting his readers with an em- be causes of success; but as a matter of fact it
barrassment of riches. One anecdote
may
be
*RELIGION AS A CREDIBLE DOCTRINE, By W. H. Mal-
selected to serve as a specimen, that of the
lock, New York: The Macmillan Co.
ante-bellum “ Debating Society” in Georgia. THE LAW OF LIKENESS. By David Bates. New York:
Two waggish youths in the society, chancing
Longmans, Green, & Co.
to be made a committee to select a question
THE ESSENCE OF CHRISTIANITY. By William Adams
Brown. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
for debate, determined to amuse themselves by DIVINITY AND MAN. By W. K. Roberts. New York:
choosing a subject expressive of incomprehen-
G. P. Putnam's Song.
sible nonsense, to be debated by themselves
JESUS' Way. By William De Witt Hyde. Boston:
Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
with profound though mock seriousness. The
THE SPARK IN THE CLOD. By Jabez T. Sunderland.
question selected was, “Whether at public Boston: American Unitarian Association.
elections should the votes of faction predomi: Longmans, Green, & Co.
GOD AND THE INDIVIDUAL. By T. B. Strong. New York:
Date by internal suggestions, or the bias of
OF RELIGION. By Richard Rogers Bowker. Boston:
jurisprudence ?” How the leaders debated this Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
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6
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"
looks rather as if the coming religion would be “None of the wretched little curates,' at whose
a child of doubt, conflicting opinions, and dis-apologetics he delighted to sneer, ever committed him-
organization.
self to an argument more transparently and more feebly
false. In the first place, what is less honest or more
Mr. Mallock's work on Religion as a Cred- unscientific than the manner in which he begs the ques-
ible Doctrine, a Study of the Fundamental tion, by confining the term "cosmic process,' which
Difficulty,” takes up the arguments of various naturally suggests and includes all the processes of the
religious apologists, and discusses them critic-
universe, to the single process of selection, or the
survival of the fittest? And yet on this procedure
ally at considerable length. To say that the
his whole contention depends. He confines the term
criticism is destructive, is to use a mild expres- cosmic' to this one particular process, in order that
sion; the theological arguments are pulverized, he may represent any process which is opposed to this
scattered to the four winds, and covered with one, as being a process which is opposed to the cosmic
also
ridicule. It is worth while to illustrate this
a process by which, within a cosmos essentially
natural, man builds up for himself an artificial world
statement by a quotation:
which is independent of it. To call this pitiable piece
“When he [the theist] sets out with telling us that of card-sharping with words and ideas sophistry is to
the purpose of God in creation is most surely and in- pay it a high compliment" (p. 269).
timately revealed to us in the production of sentient
creatures, he is thinking of the lives of sentient, of con-
Mr. Mallock's final conclusion (to which the
scious individuals. He is thinking, for example, not of
present reviewer heartily assents) is that we
sparrows as a species, but of each separate little bird,
may accept the fundamental postulates of
when he says that not one of them falls without its religion without being in a position to exhibit
maker's knowledge; and it is still more evident that of
man he is thinking in the same way. The whole mean-
their scientific validity. No genuinely monistio
ing, the essence, of the theist's doctrine of God is his philosophy is possible, other than a mere mental
doctrine of God's love for the individual human soul. abstraction.
Christ did not die, according to the Christian's idea of
“ Let us remember that we may know something
his death, in order to preserve the peculiarities of the
that we may increase our knowledge indefinitely — of
Teutonic race or the Celtic, or to save the soul of any
many portions of existence; but that by no intellectual
corporate body. The Church, no doubt, is spoken of as
device can we fit all the portions together. If we try
the divine Bride; but the Church is nothing if not com-
to comprehend them all in a single system of philosophy,
posed of individuals; and, except as related to the life
we will find that in explaining one part we have to leave
and conduct of the individual, God's love is notbing
another inexplicable; - that philosophy, in fact, is like
also, as every theist knows. The scientific view
a coat which we are able to button across our stomach
which our modern apologists appropriate is not even
only by leaving a broken seam at our back. We must
analogous to their own. It is a monstrous and horrible
learn, short, with regard to the deeper things of life,
inversion of it. How does the fact that the weak, the
that the fact of our adopting a creed which involves an
vicious, and the criminal transmit their tendencies to
their descendants with such effect and certainty that
assent to contradictions is not a sign that our creed is
useless or absurd, but that the ultimate nature of things
the latter, if left to themselves, die of their own unfit-
is for our minds inscrutable” (p. 287).
ness, justify God in having made them unfit at all? If
the upfit are thrust into the world, it may well be that The other books before us appear to be of
they should be thrust out of it, and the process of
minor importance, and may be discussed more
thrusting them out may be admirable exercise for the fit;
but to the unfit themselves, who never asked to be born, briefly. In “The Law of Likeness ” Dr. David
the God who created them is either a dolt or a monster,
Bates shows how, partly through some inter-
so far as we judge of him by the light which the process estingly described experiences in West Africa,
of evolution throws upon him” (pp. 172–173).
the author was led to abandon a Calvinistic
The author explains (p. 8) that in speaking of type of Christianity and to adopt a spiritual
religion he assumes it to involve an assent to creed which did not seem to be contradicted
three fundamental propositions: (1) that a by the facts of history, science, and every day
living God exists who is worthy of our reli- experience.
experience. “The Heaven of our Hope is dis-
gious emotion, (2) that the will of man is free, tinctly foreshadowed by the Kingdom of God
and (3) that his life does not cease with the that is within us. In what we know even
dissolution of this physical organism. After now, as the life of the spirit — in our higher
showing, for the most part in a lucid and con- thoughts' appreciation of the manifest opera-
vincing way, that the arguments advanced by tion of God; in the untiring joy of our seeking
theologians in favor of these postulates are after Him, the evergrowing desire to know His
unsound, he turns round and proceeds to an- Way, and to participate in the fulfilment of
nihilate Professor Huxley and Mr. Herbert His Purpose
His Purpose — we have certain revelation of
Spencer with complete success. In the fol- the life to come.
the life to come.” Thus in this work, as in
lowing gentle manner is Huxley's “Evolution Mr. Mallock's, the justification of religion is
and Ethics" lecture dismissed :
found in the subjective field.
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1903.)
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a
“ The Essence of Christianity,” by Mr.
A MARTYR OF SCIENCE.*
William Adams Brown, is an historical study
of the definitions of Christianity. The author Every intelligent man or woman must have
seems rather to discount the value of his own re- a lively and sympathetic interest in the story
searches as a contribution to religious thought of the almost superhuman struggles of a great
when he says at the end : “ What the theology genius who, amid severe trials, domestic, phys-
of the future will be like in its details it is too | ical, and religious, made a multitude of epoch-
soon to predict. But of one thing we may be making discoveries, any one of which would
sure. It will be a theology for the people. It now-a-days command the instant admiration
will have its roots deep in life, and will utter and applause of the world.
Such a genius
its message in language so simple and direct was Galileo, a satisfactory biography of whom,
that a layman as well as the theologian can in the English tongue, has now first appeared
understand it."
from the pen of Mr. J.J. Fabie and the press
“Divinity and Man," by Mr. W.K. Roberts, of James Pott & Co.
is stated on the title-page to be “ An Interpre- For the past twenty-five years, Professor
tation of Spiritual Law in its Relation to Mun. Favaro, of the University of Padua, has de-
dane Phenomena and to the Ruling Incentives voted himself almost exclusively to the study
and Moral Duties of Man. Together with an
of the life of Galileo, and to the collection of
Allegory Dealing with Cosmic Evolution and his writings. At the present time the Italian
certain Social and Religious Problems." While Government is issuing, under his direction, an
it contains some good ideas, it appears to me
edition of Galileo's works, in twenty large
to be mainly nonsense. It is recommended to volumes, the first dozen of which have been
certain of the orthodox, as an illustration of printed. All of the material collected by the
what some of their own doctrines would look Italian professor has been courteously placed
like if approached without favorable bias. at the service of Mr. Fahie, who has also had
“ Jesus' Way,” by President DeWitt Hyde
access to the best of former publications, in-
of Bowdoin College, is an attempt to set forthcluding the extensive work of Albèri, which
the teaching of Jesus, unhampered by the theo- appeared in sixteen volumes in the years
logical trappings which usually cover it. It | 1842–56.
is a reasonable and even inspiring little book, The first twenty-five years of Galileo's life
though here and there one finds what seems to are passed over by his biographer in as many
be a false note or an exaggeration.
pages ; in them he is pictured as an ardent,
“ The Spark in the Clod,” by the Rev. J. T. disputatious, and headstrong young man whose
Sunderland, deals with evolution from the reli-
refusal to take with easy compliance the cap-
gious standpoint, and shows that the tendency sules of Aristotelian dogmatics prescribed for
is from the lower to the higher, that man has
him from day to day by the University pro-
risen instead of fallen, and that in this fact lies fessors brought him into great disfavor with
our hope for the future.
those worthies, and earned him the sobriquet
“God and the Individual,” by Dr. T. B. of " The Wrangler.” That some of this spirit
Strong, is a defence of organized religion, may be attributed to heredity is probable from
against such “individualistic ” notions as are the following extract from the writings of his
held by Dr. James. There is a great deal about father, Vincenzio:
the early customs of the church, but from the “I, on the contrary, wish to be allowed freely to
Jamesian standpoint it is to be feared that this
question and freely to answer without any sort of adula-
lation, as well becomes those who are sincerely in search
has “nothing to do with the case.”
of truth."
“Of Religion ” is a little book of “The Arts
After several unsuccessful endeavors to
of Life" series, by Mr. R. R. Bowker. The
author sums up as follows: "And whether we
a University professorship, Galileo
obtained such an office at Pisa in July, 1589,
think only of the life that now is, or also of the
life that is to come, whether the pathway of
before he was twenty-six years old. The salary
was only sixty-five dollars per annum, but he
being seems to any one of us to lead to the
shut or to the open door, it is in the supremacy
was expected to augment it by giving private
of the higher man, in the fulfilment of the su-
lessons. Here were made his famous experi-
ments on falling bodies, the results of which
preme art of life, that life on earth is indeed
worth the living.'
* GALILEO. His Life and Work. By J.J. Fabie. Illug-
T. D. A. COCKERELL. trated. New York: James Pott & Co.
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9
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308
[Nov. 1,
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*
led to excessive bitterness on the part of his ing him ; but eight long years intervened be-
Aristotelian colleagues. After three years the fore his weary spirit took its flight.
situation became intolerable, and he resigned, Having given an admirable account of
accepting soon after a similar place at Padua. Galileo's private life and of his various dis-
This professional seat he occupied for eighteen coveries, Mr. Fabie adds a description of the
,
years, displaying extraordinary ability and exquisite “ Tribuna di Galileo," erected in
versatility. This period is specially marked Florence sixty-odd years ago, in which are
by his re-invention of the telescope, and his stored priceless instruments and other relics
discovery with it of the mountains of the moon, of the great master and his times. He also
the moons of Jupiter, the “servitors” of appends a full bibliography and a short index.
Saturn, etc. Our author gives some facsimiles The volume is illustrated by about twenty full-
of Galileo's MSS., showing his drawings and page plates and a few small cats, and is very
notes on the satellites of Jupiter, and his legibly printed.
HERBERT A. HOWE.
sketches of Saturn. A common story about
his observations of Saturn is that when the
appearances now known to be rings vanished
(because turned edgewise to us) Galileo was
80 disturbed that he never directed his tele-
RECENT DISCUSSIONS IN PRIVATE
AND PUBLIC FINANCE.
scope to the planet again. But the researches
of Favaro have completely disproved this,
The controversy over certain proposed currency
showing that Galileo observed Saturn assidu-
and fiscal reforms, which has been waged with un-
ously, and drew some sketches so true that it
parallelled vigor during the last decade by certain
economic writers as well as in the public press, has
is astonishing that he did not perceive what
doubtless led more than one timid observer to the
the very drawings plainly suggested, namely, belief that, within the fields of public and private
that the planet was surrounded by a ring.
finance at least, scientific conclusions are impossible
These discoveries brought Galileo great re- and speculation is the only guide. Yet students of
nown, as well as much trouble from the con- economics will doubtless agree that these financial
tinual necessity of defending them against the controversies have had other than merely negative
malignant attacks of his enemies.
A spare
results. Not only have scientific research and
was skilfully laid for him, and he was led to popular argumentation done much to free the intel-
express opinions as to the bearings of his scien- lectual atmosphere from certain mists which had
tific doctrines on the Scriptures. Thus he was
befogged the public mind, but, as one after another
brought into direct conflict with the Roman
cloud has been cleared away, the investigators them-
selves have discovered much solid ground on which
Curia, and the hand of the Inquisition was laid
they could meet.
upon him. For thirty long years he was never
Let us take as an example the question of bi-
free from the pressure of this iron hand. Mr.
metallism. While the reviewer has no statistics to
Fabie has endeavored to give a faithful account support his assertion, he ventures the statement that
of the happenings of these tedious years, quot- if ten years ago a poll of economic teachers and
ing freely from official documents and private writers in this country had been taken, it would have
letters.
been found that a majority of them were inclined to
Upon the black background of Galileo's suf- favor, if not openly to support, international bi-
ferings from physical illness and mental dis-
metallism. To-day, tbat poll would undoubtedly
tress there stands out the lovely figure of his
show a large majority to be, for one reason or an.
other, in opposition to such a policy. Indeed, within
daughter, the nun Maria Celeste, who corre-
the last few months the leading scientific advocate
sponded with him continually, and brightened of international bimetalliem in this country has pub-
the hours of his gloom by her loving devotion. licly declared that certain changes in the production
She continually addresses him as “Dearest
6
of the precious metals which have taken place within
Lord and Father," and is full of solicitude for
THE PRINCIPLES OF MONEY. By J. Laurence Laughlin.
his welfare: the other nuns have their patron New York: Charles Scribner's Song.
saints, but she needs none, since she has her MONEY AND BANKING. By William A. Scott. New York:
father to confide in ; in one letter she expresses
Henry Holt & Co.
FINANCIAL HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. By Davis
a desire to die, so that in the next world her
Rich Dewey. New York: Longmans, Green, & Co.
prayers for him may have greater efficacy. THE SECOND BANK OF THE UNITED STATES. By Ralph
This ministering angel passed away when her
C. H. Catterall. Chicago: The University of Chicago Pross.
father was seventy years of age; he felt that he
LEGAL TENDER. A Study in English and American Mon-
etary History. · By S. P. Breckinridge. Chicago : The Uni-
was soon to follow; he seemed to hear her call- versity of Chicago Press.
:


1903.]
309
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a
recent years have caused him to change his former case of deferred payments, such as the multiple
views concerning the necessity of a double standard. standard, the corn standard, the labor standard, etc.
Such a change in the trend of scientific opinion All of them, as well as gold and silver, fail, because
as well as in monetary legislation has doubtless they all assume that justice can be done by regu-
caused satisfaction to no one more than to that vet- lating prices through changes in the quantity of the
eran economist, Professor James Laurence Laughlin, circulating medium. “A perfectly just standard
who for some years carried on, almost alone, the of deferred payments is not possible," the author
battle among scientific students in behalf of the gold concludes. The solution of the problem is to be
standard. Since 1886, when the first edition of his found in the realms of expediency; and expediency
“ History of Bimetallism" appeared, he has con- has decided in favor of the gold standard.
tinued his advocacy of the single gold standard for The author's treatment of Credit is decidedly
this country, in various articles, books, and reports, original, and so complete as almost to confuse the
which have without doubt aided materially in the reader. He finds the essence of credit to be, not
attainment of that end, as well as in establishing the confidence but the element of futurity. Its basis
anthor's right to be considered as America's leading is goods, not money; and its great service to a com-
authority in monetary science. Not content with his munity is that it furnishes the machinery by which
former achievements, Professor Laughlin has now a large part of general wealth, or goods, is converted
planned a series of works covering the entire field into general purchasing power. Distinguishing be-
of money and banking, which is so comprehensive tween “normal credit,” which is “the coinage of
in its scope and so thorough-going in its plan of goods, or property, into present means of payment
execution that it must constitute the author's life- in amount no greater than the value of the market-
work; indeed, he confesses that he has doubts as able goods, or property, owned by the borrower,"
to whether “the plan is ever finished.”
and “abnormal credit,” in which the amount is
It is the first volume of this opus magnum, which greater than the value of the goods owned, the author
the author entitles “The Principles of Money," proceeds to show that normal credit merely enlarges
which is now before us. The author believes that the field of exchange by increasing purchasing power
much of the confusion and uncertainty that have to the full extent of the bankable property. It is
resulted from the attempts to state monetary theories the same as if there had been an increased produc-
and to carry them into practice has arisen from the tion of goods, and does not affect in any way the
failure to discern clearly the principles that govern general level of prices. Abnormal credit, on the
the value of money and determine the prices of com- other hand, creates a false demand for goods. It
modities. Especially is this true of those writers raises the general level of prices the same as if the
who adhere to the classical quantity theory of money, demand had been genuine, and a supply of goods
viz., that “the value of money, other things being is brought forward in consequence. Then the bubble
the same, varies inversely as its quantity.” Accord- is pricked; the demand is seen not to be real, and
ingly, Professor Laughlin's statement of the prin- the supply of goods is in excess of real demands.
ciples of money is very largely devoted to a refuta- Liquidation follows, at prices which will not cover
tion of this false doctrine, as he considers it to be. the amount of the obligations. It is in this way
Indeed, his book might well have been entitled, that crises are produced, according to Professor
“The Quantity Theory of Money,” since there is Laughlin.
scarcely a chapter in it which does not attempt to
Several years ago, in reviewing the second volume
point out the false logic involved in this theory or
of Professor Nicholson's “Political Economy,"
the failure of the theory to explain the facts of ac-
(THE DIAL, June 16, 1898), the present reviewer
tual life.
called attention to the fact that this author's defense
In the first chapter, which deals with “ The Func-
of the quantity theory laid especial emphasis on the
tions of Money," the author takes sharp issue with
Professor Menger, who maintained that the func-
claim that the growth of credit transactions in mod-
ern times required an increase, pari passu, of me.
tion of money as a medium of exchange antedated
tallic money to act as reserves. Professor Laughlin
its use as a standard of values. This our author
argument:
denies, and he submits considerable historical evi.
*The effect of an expanding use of credit in demanding
dence to support him in his contention. The
ques- more specie reserves has had a very slight effect upon the
tion of priority is not important in itself; but as world's value of gold and through it upon prices. ... The
Professor Laugblin attributes much of the false reserves in cash are used as a test of, not as a limit to, the
reasoning of the quantity theorists to the failure to
amount of currency which can be issued. ... The order of
events is this : first, a transaction in goods, next the appear-
distinguish between these two functions, his own
ance of credit forms arising out of the transactions; then, the
treatment receives logical support from the claim collection of that amount of specie found by experience to be
that the prime importance of money as a standard needed to keep up a continuous test of the solvency of the
credit in terms of the standard."
of values was recognized from the time of its first
use. His lengthy review of the Standard question In his treatment of “ Deposit Currency " Profes-
leads him to reject on grounds of abstract justice, sor Laughlin follows the lead of the late Professor
as well as of practicability, all the standards pro- Danbar, borrowing, indeed, from that author the
posed by various writers for securing justice in the argument that the great use of deposits as currency
says of this


310
(Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
-
&
to-day had dispelled all dangers of contraction, as of prices is developed. In his elaboration of “The
well as rendering of little account the gains, made True Theory of Prices," he shows that the general
much of by many writers, from having an elastic level of prices is determined by the same forces,
currency. The only gain would be the providing, constituting sapply and demand, which go to deter-
for small transactions, of a medium of exchange mine the price of any single article. Goods are
more convenient than coin.
exchanged for goods. Their value is expressed in
To the ordinary reader there will seem to be terms of gold ; and sometimes, but not always, gold
something like false logic in Professor Laughlin's or some other article acts as a medium of exchange.
argument that while “the loans a bank can make If gold is the standard commodity in which prices
are limited by the amount of its reserves,” and “ are expressed, all exchanges, no matter what the
fall in reserves restricts the purchasing power which medium of exchange may be, refer themselves to
can be created in the form of deposit currency, fol- this standard commodity whose value is determined
lowing from loans based on goods,” yet “it is not in the manner already described. Both the mone-
relevant to the main question to say that the do- tary and the non-monetary demands for gold aid in
posit currency is limited by money reserves.” With fixing its price, which is in nowiso dependent on the
out arguing here the question as to which is cause quantity of the circulating medium. In fact, the
and which effect, when the relation of reserves, adjustment of value between gold and goods,
loans, and deposits is so intimate as the foregoing what the author terms “the evaluation process,
sentences indicate, is it not within the truth to ob has been effected antecedent to the exchange process.
serve that one of these factors acts as a limit to the “ The quantity of the media of exchange is a result,
other? Professor Laughlin's explanation of the not a cause, of the evaluation between gold and
paradox is that, “while at any one moment the goods, and therefore cannot have been the means
amount of reserves actually beld does limit the then of fixing prices." The real nature of this exchange
existing loans and deposits, yet it is perfectly clear process is well illustrated in international trade,
that, as more good loans are offered year by year, where it is universally recognized that the quantity
the banks will provide more gold by changing a frac- theory in its usual form does not hold ; that goods
tional part of their increasing resources which are exchanged for goods, and usually no medium of
rise pari passu with their liabilities - for addi- exchange other than bills of exchange are used.
tional supplies of gold.” Yet is not this just what Therefore a movement of gold, so far from being
the quantity theorists arge, viz., that an increased the causes of changes in the general price-level and
use of credit demands an increased amount of thus causing exports or imports, if it does take place,
specie? The safe argument, and the most convinc- is a result of these movements of goods. “Tho
ing, is of course the one on which all mono-metal- arrival of a gold balance in any one commercial
lists fall back, viz., that the increased production country no more lowers the world value of gold in
of gold since 1850 has so enlarged the volume of the markets of that country than would the price
that metal that one need not fear that bank re- of the existing supply of wheat be lowered if one
serves, as well as other monetary demands for of the places of storing wheat should be changed
specie, cannot be met from this supply.
from Chicago to Buffalo; for if the existing demand
The author's elaborate treatment of tables of for wheat and the existing supply of wheat remain
prices and index-numbers seems scarcely necessary unchanged, it is only a matter of convenience where
to the development of his subject, or even to prove it is stored.”
his point that "many of the suggestions as to the Naturally enough, Professor Laughlin does not
measurement of prices bave a squint toward some agree with the late President Walker, and other
means of arriving at changes in the value of money, writers, that an increase in the amount of money
- and the causes thereof, — and they seem to imply by gradually raising prices acts as a stimulus to in-
the acceptance of the quantity theory of money.' dustry and brings prosperity. The only case where
Suffice it to say that the author's conclusion is in general prosperity results from such an increase, he
favor of the simple unweighted average, as he says: believes, is when, as in the case of the great gold
“ It is more important to have a large number of discoveries, the increase of the standard metal is
goods quoted in the price-tables than to attempt itself an increase of actual wealth, just the same as
accurate calculations of the proper weights to be in the case of a discovery of iron or coal deposits.
attached to each article."
In any other case, the increase of the medium of
In his lengthy chapter on the history of the exchange, if it affects prices at all, does so by means
quantity theory, with its numerous references to of depreciation, and the false stimulus given to
and quotations from many writers, past and present, industry is followed by acute depression. Only
perhaps the most common error which our author the shrewd speculator, who knows that the high
discovers is the confusion of money as a standard prices were temporary, has gained. Holding that
of values with its function as a means of payment. the fall of prices in the last quarter-century has
Whenever the first function is held in mind, the been due to progress in the industrial arts, which
reasoning of these writers seems to be sound ; but has increased the productivity of industries, the
when they begin to treat the amount of money in a author asserts that “through the general decline of
country as the total demand for goods, a false theory | prices the laboring classes have, as a matter of fact,
8 | ,


1903.]
311
THE DIAL
profited by the tremendous industrial progress of in a country like the United States, on account of
the world.” In regard to the amount of money the responsibility which it places upon the stronger
needed by a country, Professor Laughlin's advice to banks for the conduct of the weaker.” The chap
legislators may well be quoted : “First assure the ter on “ The Theory of Bimetallism" seems to the
permanency of the standard, then remove all shadow reviewer the weakest in the book. The author
of doubt as to the immediate convertibility of the states the theory of the bimetallists fairly enough,
medium of exchange into that standard, and the and apparently accepts their argument concerning
expansion and contraction of the media of exchange the compensatory action of the double standard as
(i. e., the currency) can be, with confidence, loft to sound doctrine, admitted by all.” His fault with
take care of itself.'
the theory lies in his belief that the dearer metal
Professor Scott's work on “Money and Bank- would still continue to be used as the standard in
ing” is far less ambitious in character than the one the case of long-time contracts at an enhanced
just reviewed. The author's main purpose was to valuation as compared to the cheaper metal. But
furnish a good elementary treatise on these subjects does not the bimetallic theory assume that a cer-
for use as a text in colleges and universities. This he tain quantity of money is needed in order to main-
has succeeded in doing. His definitions are simple tain prices at a given level?— in other words, the
and clear, and his statements of monetary principles quantity theory which Professor Scott has rejected.
are usually exact. The treatment of Gresham's The closing chapter, on “ The History of Bimetal- .
law, and the explanation of the reasons why gold | lism," affords a more cogent argument against the
and silver and paper concurrently circulate in this bimetallic standard than does Professor Scott's
country, are especially good. It is unfortunate that theoretical treatment.
the author has not always made use of the latest For many readers, more progress will be made
reports, as there are numerous inaccuracies in his toward an understanding of our present monetary
statements of facts, especially in his description of situation, as well as of our fiscal system, by turning
the coinage systems of the chief commercial coun- from these theoretical controversies to Professor
tries. Perhaps the most striking feature of the Dewey's admirable historical survey of our financial
book, and that which gives it especial value as a experiences as a nation. The need of such a work
text, is the amount of space given over to a descrip- was imperative, and those persons who knew the
tion of the forms, processes, and methods of ex- author's reputation for thoroughness greeted with
change. This attention to commercial processes delight the publishers' announcement. Nor have
and machinery is doubtless due in large measure the earlier expectations been disappointed. It is
to the author's recently acquired interest in higher surprising how much information has been packed
commercial education, and it certainly makes the into these five hundred pages of text, and that, too,
book a valuable means of giving instruction in the in such a way as to preserve a pleasant narrative.
practical aspects of these subjects. There is com- Each chapter is equipped with a full bibliography,
paratively little attention given to theory. Profes- and other helpful aids are found in the introduction
sor Scott, like Professor Laughlin, expresses his and appendix. The statistics are carefully pre-
disbelief in the quantity theory of money, which he pared and intelligently and scientifically arranged,
asserts “ will not bear analysis and the tests of logic no easy matter when dealing with financial af-
and facts." He claims that the doctrine of demand | fairs, where systems of accounting and classifications
and supply is only a description “of a process are constantly changing. The diagrams also are
through which the value-determining forces work,” very skilfully drawn,
and are truly helpful in under-
and not an explanation of the way prices are de- standing the trend of fiscal affairs. The author
termined. He rests his theory of prices entirely does not undertake to point out the mistakes in our
upon the value given to the commodity standard fiscal policy, bat seeks rather to interpret the past
by the estimation of the people who have made it in the light of the experiences of that time. While
the standard, because it has proved to be the most this is undoubtedly a safe policy to pursue, and may
useful for this purpose. Price is simply "the be of some advantage to the teacher who desires to
numerical expression of the ratio of exchange be- use the book in his classes and yet desires to put
tween the value of the standard and that of com- his own interpretation on financial happenings, it is
modities." The author's survey of the banking source of regret that the very obvious lessons
systems in the leading countries closes with a com- furnished by some chapters in our financial history
parison of the free banking systems of the United could not have been indicated by a wise guide for
States and Canada with the centralized systems of the benefit of the immature reader. Departing
Europe. Though acknowledging that any discus- somewhat from scientific definitions of the word
sion of the respective merits of the two systems Finance, Professor Dewey makes financial bistory
must be carried on in the light of the actual condi- | broad enough to include some consideration of our
tions and experiences of the people concerned, the monetary systems. This is almost a matter of
author nevertheless favors the free banking system necessity, rather than of deliberate choice, since our
under American conditions. The Canadian system monetary legislation has been so interwoven with
of note-issue he regards as ideally the best, but our fiscal policy that an attempt to separate them
thinks “it would probably be difficult to employ it for treatment would lead to wrong conclusions.
-


312
(Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
")
a
-
-
There is, unfortunately, not space here to review of government investments which rests on a differ.
even hastily all the chapters of this book, and we ent basis than other property. It inevitably creates
are obliged to content ourselves with a very brief a privileged class, and, even though this privilege
reference to a few of the main incidents in the nar- may have been purchased by an acceptance of lower
rative. The continental currency, which is so often rates of interest at the time, this fact is soon lost
assailed, Professor Dewey calls the "culminating sight of, while the enjoyment of the privilege is a
incident in a half-century of financial experience,' fact which is constantly forcing itself upon the
and he rightly holds that the criticism of such issues public attention.
should not be based on what is possible among a Professor Dewey falls into the popular delusion,
people properly grounded in the principles of mon- though in an exaggerated degree, in attributing the
etary experience," but should proceed from a know- railway legislation in the Western States to the
ledge of the views held by the politicians of the time Granger agitation. That the two movements had
concerning paper money, and from a consideration a common origin in the discontent of the farmer,
of the lack of power in Congress to adopt any other is not to be doubted; but as a matter of fact, in
expedient. The author's review of Hamilton's ad- Illinois, Wisconsin, and Iowa, — the States chiefly
ministration of the Treasury is on the whole favor responsible for this regulative legislation, the
able to the Secretary. He admits that Hamilton's Granger movement followed rather than preceded
management of the debt was not successful, but be the effort to control rates through the legislatures.
agrees with Professor Danbar in the claim that the The chapters dealing with the silver and tariff
reliance on sinking funds was not due to Hamilton's legislation of the '90's has been handled in a
belief that “compound interest could be made to scholarly manner, and with an effort to give an
supply the place of an adequate revenue." His mis- unprejudiced account and to let the facts speak for
take was merely due to his relying on a surplus themselves. Perhaps for this very reason, the sim-
when no such surplus, in fact, appeared. Gallatin, ple recital of the occurrences makes the strongest
on the other hand, receives less commendation. He possible argument against the currency inflation of
is accused of a vacillating policy, especially in his this period. The treatment of the Spanish War
attitude toward the necessity of internal duties du- period, and of the more recent events, seems less
ring the war. There is no doubt that Gallatin's satisfactory. Apparently the author was unwilling
policy was less aggressive than that of Hamilton. to pass judgment on matters that have scarcely
He had taken office, committed to a policy of re- become history.
trenchment in expenditures and a reduction of tax- The history of the Second Bank of the United
ation. His advocacy of internal taxes at times, and States constitutes probably the most important
his reluctance to lay them at other times, was due topic in the financial, if not the political, history of
to no change of policy, but to necessity, or the this country between the close of the second war
absence of it; while Hamilton favored an exten- with England and the outbreak of the Civil War.
sion of the Federal fiscal system for political rea- There are doubtless few students of either economics
song. Gallatin's failures were in large measure due or history who have felt that our information in re-
to the lack of financial acumen on the part of his gard to this famous institution was such as to en-
superiors in office, and to the jealousy of his party able us to say with any degree of certainty as to
allies.
just how great were its services as a fiscal machine
The author is somewhat of an apologist for Sec- to the United States government, or even as to
retary Chase. He admits that Chase was not a stu- whose feet, Andrew Jackson's or Nicholas Bid-
dent of finance, but points out that his appointment dle’s, should be laid the charge of having destroyed
was similar in this respect to preceding ones, made it. All students, therefore, will welcome the care-
from among the leading politicians of the day. He ful work of Professor Catterall on this subject,
makes much of Chase's inherent dislike of paper especially as its author has had the advantage of
money, and but little of his weakness in finally ac- using some hitherto unused material, viz., the man-
cepting the dictation of Congress in this matter. He uscript correspondence and papers of the Bank's
calls the issuance of legal tender a “striking illus- most famous president, Nicholas Biddle. But
tration of the unsympathetic relations of a Cabinet though the use of this material has thrown much
minister with the legislative branch,” and pronounces | light on the bistory and management of the Bank,
it “ a remarkable commentary upon the methods of we cannot say that it has changed in any consider-
financial legislation at this period,” but apparently able degree our former views as to the wisdom of
does not consider that this lack of sympathy was its management or the extent of its political infla-
due to a distrust on the part of Congress of Chase's In spite of the fact that the evidence gath-
ability as a fiscal leader. The long and at times ered by Professor Catterall proves that Mr. Biddle
bitter controversy which took place at the close of possessed many claims to be called a brilliant finan-
the war in regard to the question as to whether the cier, also goes to show that he was an unsafe
United States bonds could be redeemed in green. leader; and the judgment of Mr. Horace White,
backs, and as to whether or not these bonds were, that “nobody at the present day considers Biddle a
or should be, liable to taxation by the States, shows good banker,” is sustained. Neither is our belief
clearly the difficulties involved in creating any form that the Bank meddled in politics, to its own and
ence.
&


1903.)
313
THE DIAL
- the
the country's detriment, shaken. It is true that the Miss Breckinridge, in her work on “Legal
author has shown that Biddle entered politics very Tender," has endeavored to discover through a
reluctantly, and that the Bank was drawn into the study of English and American monetary history,
political arena and was obliged to fight for its ex- (1) what organ of government has exercised the
istence; it nevertheless remains true that it exerted power of conferring on money the legal tender
a dangerous if not corrupt influence in political quality ; (2) what kinds of money have had the
affairs, and that if Jackson's attack was based on legal tender quality bestowed on them; and (3)
ignorance, Biddle's resistance to it led him into why this power has been bestowed. The answer
measures of a purely vindictive sort, and such as to the first question is that it was originally a royal
were harmful to the public interests. One impor- prerogative exercised in a nearly arbitrary manner,
tant point has been cleared up beyond controversy, in spite of some protests on the part of the Com-
and that is that Henry Clay had very little to do with mons, from 1066 until the period of the Common-
the Bank's attitude toward the administration. Bid. wealth. The courts having declared certain coins
dle first attempted to keep out of politics altogether; lawful money, debtors were obliged to receive them
then, seeing that this was impossible, he endeavored at their legal value in settlement of debts, even
to win the support of the administration by various when these were contracted at a time prior to the
friendly tactics, and only as a last resort he very re- declaring of the coins “lawful and current money.'
lactantly joined the National Republicans in their This decision in the case of “ Mixt Monies" (43d
war on Jackson and his political advisers. It is this Elizabeth) has formed the basis of subsequent de-
fact, that the Bank was forced into politics against cisions in both the English and American courts.
the will and strenuous efforts of its autocratic presi- | In regard to the much debated question as to
dent, which causes us to hesitate to accept Professor whether or not the framers of the Federal Con-
Catterall's conclusion that there can be no reason for stitution intended to prohibit the emission of bills
asserting that a central bånk which plays so impor- of credit having legal tender power, the author
tant a part in the financial and commercial life of holds that the Convention itself intended to leave
England, France, Germany, etc., would not be of the matter in doubt.
equal value to the United States; and a careful read- "All that can be said as to the interpretation of that
ing of his own work does not allow us to accept his silence is that, although there was a strong and well-nigh
further statement that "the Bank possessed no politi-
universal dread of paper issues, there was a stronger dread
of too narrowly limiting the powers of the new legislature;
cal power." The value of the central bank to the
and that there was neither a very definite nor a unanimous
governments of the countries named needs not be
opinion as to the effect of striking out the clause, or as to the
questioned, and it may even be admitted that simi- extent of the power granted."
lar services could be rendered by a central bank to Professor Dewey, in the work already reviewed,
the United States government; but the question of arrives at practically the same conclusion. Arguing
the desirability of such an institution is one to be from the legal maxim, expressio unius est exclusio
decided on in view of many circumstances, political alterius, Miss Breckinridge claims that the act of
as well as fiscal. It can scarcely be doubted that a 1873, which prohibited the further coinage of the
President hostile to banking monopolies, - like Mr. silver dollar and stated the legal tender of the gold
Bryan, for instance, - would feel it incumbent on coins and that of the subsidiary silver, by its failure
him to interfere with the management of a fiscal in- to mention the silver dollar took away its legal
stitution of this sort; and it is also easy to infer that tender quality. In this opinion she is not sup-
such interference and hostility would cause the of.ported by her teacher, Professor Laughlin, whose
ficials of such an institution to oppose such a policy chapter “On the Origin and History of Legal
|
by participating in politics if necessary. Nor will Tender" is in the main a lengthy, summary of Miss
all authorities acknowledge Professor Catterall's Breckinridge's work. The results of the author's
claim that “a great bank with a large capital under study as applied to the most important question of
its control can meet local demands much more easily this character which has ever come before the
and safely than a small bank.” We have already courts of this country, namely, the legality of the
mentioned Professor Scott's preference for the “free Legal Tender acts of Congress during the Civil
banking system.” The truth of the matter is that War, are opposed to the final decision of the Sa-
the knowledge of banking is so much greater to- preme Court. The bases of this decision, she says,
day, and other conditions are so different from are large considerations of public policy, of con-
what they were in 1836, that the history of the Sec-stitutional interpretations, of judicial policy, rather
ond Bank of the United States does not throw much than strictly legal considerations. The power to
light on the question as to whether or not a central bestow the quality of being a tender in private
ized banking system would now be a good thing in transactions bas been adjudged an incident to sov-
this country. That such a bank would be more ereign powers vested in Congress similar to the
conservatively managed than the Second Bank was ancient prerogative money power of the English
under Jones, or even under Biddle, goes without Crown." Even stronger than this is her statement
saying; on the other hand, the state and private in the concluding chapter, that " by an extraordi-
“
banks are to-day immensely superior to those of nary departure from both legislative and judicial
Jackson's day.
precedents, an act as tyrannical as any act of


314
(Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
5
in American
Henry VIII. in dealing with his coins found legis- gresses met” in Philadelphia ; and we would sug-
lative and judicial sanction."
gest the fact that Bryant was still living as the
It is interesting to compare with this the opinions probable explanation of the omission of his name
on this question of two leading authors whom we from the ninth edition of the “Encyclopædia Brit-
have already quoted. Professor Laughlin is even annica." For the readable qualities and the literary
more emphatic than Miss Breckinridge in his disap- charm of this book we have only praise ; Colonel
proval of the decision.
Higginson could not be dull if he tried, and his
“The arguments of the Court in the last legal-tender case, collaborator is a writer whose work is always done
followed to its logical conclusion makes the existence of a
intelligently and gracefully.
written constitution of no effect, and breaks down the bar-
riers' which separate a government of limited from one of
unlimited powers. The people of the United States are no Literary, political,
A gentleman's essays for gentle-
longer protected from the medievalism of unlimited power
and biographical men's reading —80 one might cbar-
over money by any guarantees except those of an enlightened miscellanies.
acterize Sir Mountstuart E. Grant
public opinion."
Duff's “Out of the Past" (Dutton). These two
Professor Dewey, on the other hand, expresses volumes of papers and addresses, by the author of
himself as satisfied with the decision in these words : “ Notes from a Diary,” contain some things worth
“Popular judgment on the whole was favorable; lawyers
preserving, and others, in the shape of book-reviews
and constitutional commentators were slowly coming to the
and brief obituary notices, that call less urgently
conclusion that the interpretation of the Constitution must
rest upon a broader basis than that of the debates of 1787." for republication in book form. In matters of
Church and State the author shows himself much
M. B. HAMMOND.
at home. His article on “ Manning and the Catholic
Reaction,” reprinted from the “Edinburgh Review,”
is an admirable summary. The writer's breadth of
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
view and freedom from bigotry is indicated by his
approving reference, elsewhere, to Henry of Na-
Leading figures
Last January, Colonel T. W. Hig. varre, who “became a Catholic and remained a
ginson gave a course of lectures be-
Protestant.” Years of service in the Colonial Of-
literature. fore the Lowell Institute upon the fice, in the House of Commons, and as Governor of
subject of American literature. 6 Their essential
Madras, have so richly stored the author's mind
plan was that of concentrating attention on leading that his septuagenarian reminiscences cannot fail
figures, instead of burdening the memory with a great to entertain and instruct. “. Recollections of the
many minor names and data.” Colonel Higginson House of Commons, 1858-1881," and chapters on
has now, with the help of Mr. H.W. Boynton, recast Dean Stanley and Walter Bagebot, both friends of
these lectures into a book intended (although by no his, are, with the essay already named, perhaps the
means exclusively) for the use of schools, and en- best things in the collection. We note with ap-
titled “A Reader's History of American Litera- proval what he has to say against aggressive terri-
ture” (Houghton). The work falls into ten chapters, torial expansion, against militarism, and against
and is illustrated by autograph letters in facsimile protection. But when, turning from politics and
and by a few old title-pages. The autograph letter economics, he takes Matthew Arnold to task for
from Emerson to the author affords a characteristic
rating Emerson's essays as the most important
illustration of the serene optimism of the Concord prose work done in English in this century, and
sage. The letter is dated 1864, and its recipient is protests that he himself can find nothing in Em-
lying in the hospital, his usefulness as a soldier being erson's prose which he “should even put alongside
at an end. And Emerson writes him cheerfully as the Hyperion of his friend and neighbour Long-
follows: “If we lose you from the field, it is excel- fellow,” we must part company. An incidental cen.
lent to have a second and better arm. You will sure of buckram binding for books will meet with
come back to so many old studies with the basis and the disapproval of all who have had experience of
the rhetoric of new experience. So I am forced to the undurability of leather and ordinary cloth.
wish you joy in any view I take of your position.” But his own volumes, that is the two under review,
The special interest in this book is supplied by the are well bound in parchment and pasteboard.
reminiscent and personal element provided by the
senior author. Its special defects arise from the
To the large number of praiseworthy
same cause, for both the enthusiasms and the preju-
monographs emanating primarily from
colonial history.
dices of Colonel Higginson find free expression.
the class-room must be added Mr. W.
As a consequence of the enthusiasms, we take for Roy Smith's study of “ South Carolina as a Royal
granted the somewhat exaggerated estimates of Province, 1719-1776” (Macmillan). The treatise
Margaret Fuller, Helen Hunt Jackson, and Emily is based on the plausible assumption that the be-
Dickinson ; as an illustration of the prejudices, we ginning of the independence of the American col-
may cite the astonishing opinion that “no one ever onies must be sought, not in the era of 1.760, but
did more than Poe to lower the tone of literary from the very foundation of each colony. In South
criticism in this country.” We note the inaccuracy Carolina, this evolution took the shape of a pro-
that “in 1774 the first and second Continental Con- I longed contest between the representatives of the
a
More studies in


1903.)
315
THE DIAL
Perils and
preservation
of the home.
because
66
proprietary or prerogative interests and the repre-
During the year 1902-3, four lec-
sentatives of the masses. These differences were
tures on Christian Sociology were de-
to a large extent reflexes of the contest in the Old
livered by Mr. Jacob A. Riis before
World between prerogative and people. The con. the Philadelphia Divinity School ; and these lectures
stant popular encroachment upon the proprietary are now published under the title of “ The Peril
faction in South Carolina culminated in the polit- and Preservation of the Home” (Jacobs). This
ical and peaceful revolution of 1719, which con- will explain why the style of the book is rhetorical
verted the province from a proprietary into a royal rather than literary, and why its substance is re-
colony. The contest is presented in the various ligious rather than scientific. Upon the preserva-
forms it assumed, such as the quit-rents and the tion of the home, says Mr. Riis, depends the vitality
land frauds, together with the universal and ever- of our republic. It is not necessary to prove it, he
present dispute between Governor and Assembly says,
we know that it is so, tbat it has
over the public finances. One chapter gives a clear been so in all ages; that the home-loving peoples
and readable description of the machinery of a have been the strong peoples in all time, those that
colonial government in the province in its various have left a lasting impression upon the world."
functions. The chief weakness in the system is And our present poor citizenship is a product of
found to lie in the impossibility of instituting gov- the wretched environments in which the majority
ernment in the backwoods in the form devised in of men live, — their lack of a “home" in the best
councils of the Old World and promulgated in sense of the word. The causes of this state of
commissions, statutes, and instructions. It was to affairs he finds in human selfishness as shown in
be supposed that Mr. McCrady had said the last various ways, especially in the tyranny of capital
word on colonial South Carolina ; but this author, and labor, and the weakening of religious restraints.
by treating of one phase and doing it well, has
well, has | But “our sins of the past » have been partially
made a real contribution to the literature on the counteracted by our recent awakening to the fact
subject.
that there is a moral duty imposed upon us to
rescue the slums, to provide better tenements as
Musical libraries have been enriched
The history and
homes for our poor, to abolish child-labor, as a
the meaning of in the last few years by the publica-
nolation in music.
tion of a number of books designed
means of preserving these homes. The interest of
the book lies largely in Mr. Riis's intimate know-
to explain some of the complexer things that go to
ledge of the conditions which he describes, — his
make up the technical structure of modern music,
enthusiasm in the work to be accomplished com-
as well as some of the higher esthetic problems pensating in some measure for the none too system-
connected with it. The representation of musical
atic treatment of the subject.
sounds in writing, called musical notation, — from
nota, a mark or sign,- is a thing so commonplace,
-
As Mr. Ely states in the preface to
80 universal, so apparently simple, that we are apt
of economics, his “ Studies in the Evolution of In.
ethics, biology,
to overlook the fact that our stave, with its variously and sociology. dustrial Society" (Macmillan), the
shaped “notes,” and all that goes to convey a com- field traversed belongs to that general borderland
poser's thoughts to the world, are the outcome of where economics, ethics, biology, and sociology
centuries of experiments and gradual improvements. meet. Conscious of his limitations in time and
In “ The Story of Notation” (imported by Charles space, he aims to be suggestive rather than ex-
Scribner's Sons), Mr. C. F. Abdy Williams is shown baustive; to give his readers a general idea of the
to be a clear and sound thinker on musical subjects proportionate parts the various factors play in evo-
and an able expositor of the complications that lution of industrial society. With this end in view,
enmesh many aspects of them. He points out that he begins by surveying broadly the successive stages
the roots of our modern musical system lie so deeply through which society has passed before it reaches
embedded in antiquity that it is impossible to trace the conditions favorable to an industrial economy.
the early history of its notation without reference Although the line of development which he adopts
to the Greek system from which it has sprung; and has little that is new in the way of theory to add to
this involves the use of certain words, found in the work of other economists, his treatment is ex-
ancient treatises, which are as unfamiliar to modern tremely careful and is fortified by statistical state-
musicians and Greek scholars as the technicalities of ments of supplementary and independent interest.
modern musical structure are to the general public. Certain problems of industrial society suggested in
Much information has been gathered by the author this general survey are treated in separate chapters,
that has hitherto been difficult of access; and con- where the author shows himself conversant not only
siderable skill is shown in the condensation of the with the opinions of a very large number of soci-
narrative, as well as the clearness with which facts ological and economic writers, but also with the
not easily made plain to the modern point of view actual conditions of to-day. He touches on the
are here set forth. The book will appeal to musi- vital questions of competition, trusts, monopolies,
cians who have a curiosity to get behind the outer municipal and national ownership, social progress,
veil of sensuous sound upon the reasoned founda- the concentration of wealth, public expenditures,
tions that give to music its power of interpretation. and industrial adjustment in general. The book
The borderland
>


316
[Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
among them
as a Great
a
contains some admirable chapters,
The Rev. William Henry Meredith
an analysis of the Steel Trust and a summary of the
A bicentennial does well to base his account of
life of Wesley.
United States Industrial Commission's Report on
" The Real John Wesley” (Jen-
Labor. Mr. Ely's style lacks conciseness, and for nings & Pye) on the Journal of that ever.interest-
this reason his readers must exercise a little pa- ing man. But perhaps we should have entered
tience in following his thought and argument. upon our reading of this attractive volume with
keener zest, had not the author proclaimed it in his
Admiral Porter
A very readable account of the naval preface as “ giving a unique portraiture” of its sub-
operations along the lower Missis-ject. Moreover, the Methodist minister is through-
Commander.
sippi and Red rivers during the Civil out a little too obvious in the narrator. Wesley's
War is contained in several chapters of the life of
is a life that can best be left to point its own moral.
Admiral Porter, which Mr. James Russell Soley The chapter on his wit and humor hardly succeeds
has written for the “Great Commanders series
in proving him a humorist. Wit he had in good
(Appleton). The material is derived largely from
measure, for he was surprisingly alert in mind no
the official records of the Naval War Office. As the
less than in body. Meeting in a narrow lane a
author remarks, the work of Porter was not of the
purse-proud squire who rudely declared that he
dashing or dramatic order likely to catch public never turned out for a fool, Wesley at once replied,
attention, as was that of Farragut at New Orleans,
“I always do,” and turned aside to let the other
Du Pont at Port Royal, or especially of Winslow on
pass. A sense of humor would have saved Wesley
the “Kearsarge "; but it demanded even a higher from the childish credulity and absurd superstition
degree of patience, attention to details, and a broader
that here and there crop out in his Journal. Mr.
grasp of an extended situation to be dealt with.
Meredith's book will give special satisfaction to
Porter's familiar penchant for rash speech, which those of his own communion, though it fails to
frequently precipitated him into hot water with both
make the great Methodist any more real to the
the authorities and his friends, is attributed to an reader than do other accounts written with that ob-
over-honesty of character and a rare straightfor-ject less obviously in view.
wardness. The author also admits a frequent in-
consistency in Porter's views at different times.
The volume, both in the abundance of historic matter
presented and in giving facts instead of fulsome
BRIEFER MENTION.
eulogy, is decidedly superior to many of the biogra-
phies appearing in the various " series” at this time. Professor Clément Huart, of the Ecole des Langues
Orientales, has prepared “ A History of Arabic Litera-
The history
Many are the threads on which have ture” (Appleton) for the series of « Literatures of the
of famous been strung the beads of historical World,” now numbering an even dozen of volumes.
assassinations. incidents of note, that they might at-
The scope of this work is wide, since it includes all
tract the attention of the general reader; but sel-
literature in the Arabic language, and extends from the
dom has there been a stranger thread than that used
pre-Islamic poets of the desert all the way down to the
journalism of to-day. A work so packed with un-
by Mr. Francis Johnson in his “ Thirty Famous As-
familiar names and titles can hardly be said to make
sassinations" (A.C. McClarg & Co.). In this book
interesting reading for anyone but a specialist, but
are described assassinations that have grown out there can be no doubt of its scholarly character, or of
of the general conditions of the various periods of the desirability for reference purposes of such a com-
western history, from that of Philip of Macedon, pendium of a literature that has played a great part in
in 336 B.C., to that of King Alexander and Queen
the world's thought.
Draga in the present year. The author has selected The appearance of the seventh and concluding vol-
those which either had an important and political
ume in the “ definitive edition de luxe " of Edward
bearing on the world, or on the nation immediately
FitzGerald's works, published by the Macmillan Co.,
affected, or which left a profound impression on the
leads us to add a final word of praise to what we have
imagination of contemporaries and posterity." The
already said regarding this edition. Here, for the first
time, the incomparable Letters are brought together and
American subjects are Presidents Lincoln and Mc- arranged in correct chronological order, with an Index
Kinley ; the assassination of President Garfield is making their wealth of allusion readily available for
omitted as growing out of the aberration of a single reference. This fact, together with the handsome out-
diseased mind, and having no marked political ward appearance of the set, makes it by far the best
significance. When there have been several note. edition of FitzGerald that we now have, or are likely
worthy assassinations growing out of one general
to have in the future.
condition, a typical example has been selected. The “ Masters of English Landscape Painting "is the sub-
stories are well told and the book is a compact ject of the latest special number of “ The International
presentation of some of the most interesting and
Studio” (John Lane). J. S. Cotman, David Cox, and
Peter De Wint are the three masters considered, and
dramatic chapters in political history. A number
they are dealt with, respectively, by Messrs. Laurence
of interesting portraits of the men and women dealt
Binyon, A. L. Baldry, and Walter Shaw Sparrow. Pro-
with adds to the attractiveness of the volume, which
fuse illustrations, a great many in color, are a special
is unusually presentable in outward form.
feature of the work.
"
"
>


1908.)
317
THE DIAL
9
9
"
"
"
The inexpensive and readable « Fireside Dickens
NOTES.
published by Mr. Henry Frowde is now complete. The
A pretty edition of FitzGerald's “ Polonius," attract- new volumes are “The Uncommercial Traveller,” the
ively printed in black and red and bound in full limp “Christmas Stories,” “Our Mutual Friend,” filling
leather, is issued by the Scott-Thaw Co. as the first nearly a thousand pages, and, in a single volume,
volume of their “ Wisdom Series."
“ Master Humphrey's Clock” and “ Edwin Drood.”
A small first edition of “My Own Story” by Mr. Both in England and America the first edition of
J. T. Trowbridge has been issued in uncut style, bound Morley's Life of Gladstone was sold out on publication,
in boards with paper label, each copy being signed by owing to the unexpectedly large demand for the book.
the author. It is being rapidly taken up by collectors So eagerly has the British public taken up the work
and book-lovers.
that there is talk of its issue in parts, as povels used to
Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. are the American pub- be published in the days of Thackeray and Dickens.
lishers of a new edition, in two volumes, of “The Auto-
The first volume in " Margaret Sidney's” famous
biography of Leigh Hunt.” Mr. Roger Ingpen has Pepper " series, entitled “Five Little Peppers and
acted as editor, and several photogravure portraits are
How They Grew," has taken a new lease of life in the
provided for illustrations.
illustrated edition just issued by the Lothrop Co., who
A series of drawings to illustrate Stevenson’s “ Dr. state that the book is more popular now than at any
Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” has been made by an American time during the more than twenty years that it has
artist, Mr. Charles Raymond Macauley, and will be
been on the market.
included in a new edition of that work to be published
Ruskin's biographer and friend, Mr. W. G. Colling-
this Fall by the Scott-Thaw Co.
wood, has written a supplementary volume of remin-
Five new volumes in the new Dent-Macmillan Thack-
iscences which he calls “ Ruskin Relics." It presents
eray give us “Catherine," “Sketches and Travels in some drawings by Ruskin and chatty anecdotes, and
London,” the “Christmas Books,” the “ Roundabout other interesting material concerning him. The book
Papers,” and “Denis Duval” united under the same
is announced for publication in the early Spring by
covers with “ Lovel the Widower."
Messrs. Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.
A new series of standard reprints will be published Mr. James Schouler's “Eighty Years of Union"
this Fall by Messrs. Little, Brown, & Co., to be called (Dodd) is a short history of the United States from
the “ Handy Volume Cambridge Classics." There will
1783 to 1865, condensed for school uses from the well-
be eleven carefully selected books in this series, printed
known large work by the same author. The conden-
on clear white wove paper, and attractively bound. sation is not by abstraction, but by the selection of
An edition of Robert Louis Stevenson's “ An Inland
lengthy complete passages, on the plan similarly ap-
Voyage” is published by Messrs. Herbert B. Turner & plied not long ago to the works of Francis Parkman.
Co., uniform with their other Stevenson reprints. The “ Samuel Brohl and Company,” by Victor Cherbuliez,
volume is uncommonly well-made in every detail, and is published by the Ormeril Co., Cincinnati, in their
illustrated with an interesting portrait and two small “ Collection of Foreign Authors," which leads us to ask
sketches in photogravure.
the question wby some publisher does not have the
Mr. Montague Howard is the author of an authorita- good sense to give us a complete Cherbuliez - the
tive work, “Old London Silver, its History, its Marks
whole twenty or more volumes - in English, and thus
and its Makers," which the Scribners will publish this
earn the gratitude (as well as the dollars) of hosts of
Fall in an elaborate and bandsome volume. It has
readers.
been years
in preparation, and will no doubt be recog- « The Dance of Life,” by the author of “ Doctor
nized at once as the authority in its field.
Syntax," and Goldsmith's “The Vicar of Wakefield,”
“Songs from the Hearts of Women," compiled by both with the original colored illustrations by Row-
Mr. Nicholas Smith, is a recent publication of Messrs. landson, are the latest additions to the series of reprints
A. C. McClurg & Co. It consists of one hundred re- published by the Messrs. Appleton, of which we have
ligious lyrics and hymns by women writers, each of already made mention. We should be grateful to the
them being accompanied by a brief commentary of a publishers if they would provide the series with a col-
combined biographical and critical character.
lective title.
Messrs. Doubleday, Page & Co. are publishing the The A. Wessels Company has secured the American
second volume in Professor Liddell's large “ Eliza- edition of “Stevensoniana" by Mr. J. A. Hammerton,
bethan Shakspere," containing “ The Tempest "; and which will be published by them immediately. The edi-
they are also issuing the first volume in a low-priced tion is limited to 1000 copies for England and America,
library edition for those who do not care to purchase and is issued uniform with the Edinburgh edition of
the regular edition in its very expensive form.
Stevenson. The single aim before the compiler was to
“ The Poet Gray as a Naturalist,” being selections
search for his material only in the forgotten pages of
from the notes of Gray in his copy of the "Systema English and American periodicals, and in books by
Naturse" of Linnæus, will be published this month by writers of eminence not entirely devoted to Stevenson.
Mr. Charles E. Goodspeed of Boston. The volume will The “Mermaid Series” of old English dramatists
contain facsimiles of some of the pages, together with was one of the most useful collections of reprints ever
an introduction by Prof. Charles Eliot Norton.
undertaken. The volumes were well-edited, and pro-
Messrs. Harper & Brothers are bringing out an extra- vided trustworthy reproductions of the original plays.
illustrated edition of President Woodrow Wilson's “A When the publication slackened, and, after the appear-
History of the American People.” To the already unu- ance of about a score of volumes, ceased altogether, it
sually large number of illustrations in this work the pub- was to us a matter of deep regret. We now welcome
lishers have added twenty-five photogravure portraits a new edition of this series, reduced in size of volume
of the Presidents, from Washington to Roosevelt. and made more attractive than the earlier issue in many
>


318
(Nov. 1,
THE DIAL
ways.
What is still better news is that several new
volumes are to be added to the series. The Messrs.
Scribner import the set, of which Marlowe, Steele,
Congreve, and the three volumes of Jonson are now at
hand.
The first of the volumes upon the life and work of
the late James A. McNeill Whistler which may be
expected to appear during the next year or so, is an-
nounced for immediate publication by J. B. Lippincott
Company. The author is Mr. Arthur Jerome Eddy,
who for a number of years enjoyed the friendship of
the distinguished American painter, wit, and critic, and
was a close observer of his character and habits. The
volume will bear the title, “ Recollections and Impres-
sions of James A. McNeill Whistler."
J. B. Lippincott Company announce that they will
shortly publish in this country, in coöperation with
Messrs. Duckworth & Company in England, “ A History
of Theatrical Art in Ancient and Modern Times," by
the distinguished Copenhagen actor, Karl Mantzius,
translated by L. Von Cossel, with an introduction by
Mr. William Archer. The first two volumes, which are
almost ready, deal with the earliest times, the Middle
Ages, and the Renaissance. The third volume treats of
the English drama in Shakespeare's time.
Messrs. T. Y Crowell & Co. publish a neat series of
" Handy Volume Classics ” in a “pocket edition" of
which the following six numbers have just been re-
ceived: “Frondes Agrestes," by John Ruskin; “ The
Conduct of Life," by Emerson;" Past and Present," by
Carlyle; a selection from Cotton's Montaigne; Frank-
lin's autobiography, edited