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154
[Sept. 16, 1905.
THE DIAL
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BY THE DIAL COMPANY, PUBLISHERS.
No. 462.
SEPTEMBER 16, 1905. Vol. XXXIX.
CONTENTS,
PAGE
BOOKS OF THE COMING SEASON
155
.
ON STYLE IN LITERATURE. Charles Leonard
Moore.
156
.
.
COMMUNICATIONS
160
"The Shade of the Balkans.' Henry Bernard.
· Paul Jones as a Hero in Fiction.' Charles E.
Eames.
BOOKS OF THE COMING SEASON.
The long list of publications announced for
the season just now opening - a list comprising
upwards of fifteen hundred titles - is now be-
fore us, and invites to pleasurable anticipations.
Persons of intellectual and literary interests
derive from such a list as this much the same
sort of satisfaction that devotees of music and
the drama derive from an advance statement
of managerial plans accompanied by lists of
plays and visiting celebrities. The lover of
books, also, has an advantage over the amateur
of the theatre and the concert-room in the fact
that the delights to which he looks forward will
be the more certainly accessible, for they will
not be limited by the special restrictions of time
and place that belong to playgoing; nor will
they - thanks to the blessing of free libraries —
be denied him by their cost. One may exam-
ine such a list as the present with the practical
certainty that any book it contains may be read
if one will, soon after publication; provided, of
course, that one lives in some fairly populous
community.
As is our custom in connection with this
Fall Announcement' issue of THE DIAL, we
now select for particular mention such few of
the forthcoming books as seem to promise the
most marked satisfaction, —remembering, how-
ever, that literature has its disappointments no
less than its joys. Our selection is confined to
the small number of categories that are most
closely related to literature, leaving untouched
the vast tracts devoted to such subjects as art
and science, education and religion, and making
no account whatever of the hundreds of books
designed as holiday gifts for old and young:
Among books seriously concerned with lit-
erature, the collection of Dr. Ibsen's ' Letters'
would seem to be the most significant thing in
prospect. These letters have already appeared
in several European languages, and they are
now to be given to the public of the two Eng-
lish-speaking countries. The
late Lady
Dilke's Book of the Spiritual Life' will be
certain to make a deep appeal to serious minds.
Mr. Henry James, so recently with us, will be
kept in mind (if that were necessary), by the
publication of the two essays that he read before
various private audiences last winter, and by
Miss Elisabeth Luther Cary's elaborate discus-
sion of his work. We note that after many
A FRENCHMAN'S RHAPSODY ON AMERICA.
Percy F. Bicknell
162
THE INSECT AGE. T. D. A. Cockerell
164
NEW VIEWS OF THE GREAT SPANISH AR-
MADA. E. D. Adams
165
STORIES AND TRADITIONS OF THE PAWNEE
INDIANS. Frederick Starr
166
THE WISEST OF FRENCHMEN. James W. Tupper 168
169
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
A history of the American civil service. — With
pen and pencil, through Dickens's country.--Biog-
raphy of the author of 'The Wealth of Nations.'
Essays by the pastor of a creedless church. The
place of industries in elementary training. - The
quest of happiness.
NOTES
171
.
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS
. 172
(A classified list of books announced for publica-
tion during the coming Fall and Winter season.)


156
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
6
years' delay the French Ambassador has pre translation of 'Peter and Alexis' from the Rus-
pared for publication the second volume of his sian of Merejkowski, completing his Christ
Literary History of the English People,' a and Antichrist' trilogy. We also learn from
work that will be all the more welcome for the the English reviews that a new novel by Mr.
long time we have had to wait for it. Prom Watts-Dunton may be expected before long.
ising collections of literary essays are ‘French The writer last-named naturally suggests Mr.
Profiles,' by Mr. Gosse; “The Torch,' by Pro Swinburne, which reminds us to say that his
fessor Woodberry; and Greatness in Litera Tragedies,' in five volumes, are now appearing
ture,' by Professor Trent.
in England, and we shall doubtless soon have
In the field of literary biography, several them in an edition uniform with the poems.
highly important works are announced. Per The only announcements of new poetry having
haps the most important is Bielschowsky's ex any special significance are the Nero of Mr.
tensive biography of Goethe. It may not be Stephen Phillips; Mr. R. W. Gilder's 'In the
altogether amiss to mention here the musical Heights'; the poems of that brilliant young
biography of Tschaikowsky, by the brother of Harvard graduate, the late Trumbull Stickney;
the great composer.
Mrs. Pennell's Hans
and a collection of 'Last Poems' by the Eng-
Breitman,' Mrs. Marie Hansen Taylor's On lish lady who called herself 'Laurence Hope,
Two Continents,' and Colonel Higginson's and whose tragic death in India was chronicled
Parts of a Man's Life,' are three contributions
about a year ago.
to the history of American literature that can A final paragraph of this conspectus may be
not fail to be interesting. British biography given to a few important works not classifiable
will be enriched by Mr. Lucas's very thorough under the above headings. In history we note
work on Charles and Mary Lamb and by Mr. M. Hanotaux’s ‘Contemporary France,' Cap-
Herbert Paul's life of Froude. Volumes on tain Mahan's Sea Power in Its Relation to the
Marvell, Browne, Mrs. Gaskell, Charles Kings War of 1812,' Professor Breasted's ‘A History
ley, and Shakespeare, will be added to the
of Egypt,' Professor H. T. Peck's 'Twenty
‘English Men of Letters' series. To the
Years of the Republic,' and the volume on ‘Na-
American Men of Letters,' the long-delayed poleon and His Times' in the Cambridge
volume on Lowell will be added, and also one Modern History.' Pleasant reading is sure to
on Lanier. The French Men of Letters' will
be afforded by the ‘ London Films' of Mr. How-
be auspiciously inaugurated by Professor Dow ells, and I'he Fields of France,' by Mme.
den's Montaigne and M. Brunetière's Balzac. Mary Duclaux (Mary A. F. Robinson). The
Professor Woodberry will contribute a small reader of philosophical leanings will eagerly
volume on Swinburne to the Contemporary await Professor Höffding's Philosophical Prob-
Men of Letters' series.
lems, Professor Jastrow's treatise on The Sub-
From books about literature to books of lit-conscious, and Mr. Mallock's chapters on 'The
erature the transition is natural; and here, of Reconstruction of Religious Beliefs.' 'A His-
course, we are confronted with the great fact tory of Political Theories' will be made more
of the dominance of the novel. We give a brief than readable by the brilliant pen of Professor
list chosen with much hesitation from several
Dunning; while Professor Shaler's Man and
hundreds of titles: The House of Mirth,' by the Earth' will provide food for serious eco-
Mrs. Edith Wharton ; ' The Reckoning,' by Mr. nomic reflection. Finally, as the aftermath of
R. W. Chambers; The Coming of the Tide,' the recent war, we note the prospect of many
by Miss Margaret Sherwood; Coniston, by books about Russia, among which Dr. Dillon's
Mr. Winston Churchill; The Wheel of Life,'
The Birth of the Russian Nation' will as-
by Miss Ellen Glasgow; ‘A Sword of the Old
suredly take a high place.
Frontier,' by Mr. Randall Parrish; «The Man
of the Hour,' by Miss Alice French; and
Raoul: the Story of the Theft of an Empire,'
by Mr. J. W. Ludlow. Against these Amer-
ON STYLE IN LITERATURE.
ican titles we may set the following English
ones: The Story of a Simple Soul,' by Mr. Everybody talks about style, and no one
H. G. Wells; 'The Mayor of Troy,' by Mr. knows what it is. Writers who ought to be
A. T. Quiller-Couch; 'The Tents of Pan,' by better informed by experience speak of it as if
Mrs. Craigie; 'The Hundred Days,' by Mr. it were something that could be bought at a
Max Pemberton; The Lake,' by Mr. George shop and wrapped up in brown paper. They
Moore; 'Helianthus,' by Ouida; Starvecrow talk of its being acquired,— which in any real
Farm,' by Mr. Stanley J. Weyman; and “The sense is as impossible as to add a cubit to one's
Trident and the Net, by the author of The stature. They discuss it as if it were one cer-
Martyrdom of an Empress.' Probably a bigger tain thing - whereas it is a veritable Proteus.
work of fiction than any of these will be the Leibnitz's principle of indiscernibility applies


1905.)
157
THE DIAL
awe.
to it more than to any other matter. If no look and sound of words and their meanings.
two leaves in a forest are alike, far less are Onomatopæia of course exists. Oftener the
the styles of any two writers alike. Every affinity is due to associations which words may
author has some sort of a style, good or bad. have acquired. They may bring with them a
ind of good style probably the most that can trail of glory from the past,- or, like good
be said is that it is the quality in books which servants, a letter of recommendation from their
makes and keeps them readable. If a man has previous employers. They may be forgotten
a rich nature, a full mind, a knowledge of the metaphors, or coins from the treasure-houses
grammar and vocabulary of his language, the of foreign tongues. Sometimes their fitness is
only advice he needs in regard to style is the due to their noble physiognomy or lordly sound.
direction which an old pilot gave for navigat- Mesopotamia thrilled one bosom with sacred •
ing the Amazon: “Keep between the banks, Great poets have always known how to
and
go
ahead.'
use magnificent names with effect. Yet, after.
Style is indeed the product of the whole all, it must have occurred to many people that
man. It must show the form of his soul, eagle the English race at least has rather made a
winged or serpent-winding. There will ring in failure of that which is perhaps its chief work
it an echo of all his exultations, agonies, divina its Dictionary. There is no reason why all
tions, darings. It must betray the resources of our words should not have been ereated fit and
his reason. What logic and lucidity he is pos- noble,- as the whole Spanish army was once
sessed of will come out in the clear designs, the created Hidalgo. As it is, the great mass of
ordered architectural arrangement of his work, our words are low or indifferent, - good enough
both in its entirety and in its clauses and sen-
for bread-and-butter uses, or the purposes of
tences. It must exhibit his physical instincts trade, but decidedly lacking in distinction.
in its sensuous reaching for concrete images, its
Aristocratic vocables are as rare as dukes and
organization of words into form and color and princes. It would take a treatise to show this
music.
The reason
we associate style with in detail, but I will give a few instances, prem-
prose rather than with poetry is because verse ising that my own judgment is the only rule
is a balance of all these qualities. Without in of rank which I have used.
spiration, without ordinance, without the vivid The most commonly used names of things -
and sounding collocation of words, it falls to
of our language are rather bad than
the ground and becomes nothing. It cannot good. 'Ocean’ is grandly mouth-filling and ·
sail on one wing or hop on one foot. Poetry pictorial, but sea' is ignoble, “air' at least .
is all style; whereas prose usually has one or questionable, sky' weak and thin. The
another of the attributes of style missing or in clipped dissyllable heaven' is decidedly poor.
excess, and our attention is thus arrested, and 'Firmament, however, is magnificent, and
from its lack of balance we give the thing a Paradise' fine. 'Earth,' 'sun,
'stars'
name. The two great masters of English verse are three low plebeian symbols for the total
in the eighteenth century were mighty wielders splendors of the visible world. Turn to the
of words. In the face of the fact that our ordi words describing man's own person. His im-
nary speech is shot through with their lines perial majesty has certainly been modest.
and phrases, it seems senseless as well as un Man' is a pretty poor sound to attach to the
grateful to deny them the title of poets. But prince of creation.
But prince of creation. 'Face!' what a word is
their verse was an invasion of prose. Of style, that to emblem forth the great soul's apparent
they only employed that part which belongs seat! Eyes, nose,' mouth, arms,
peculiarly to prose composition, logical order, ‘legs,'— could there be a worse commodity of
lucid statement, wit and wisdom. They aban- vile names? Then take the inward attributes
doned the Orphic utterance; they did not of our human state: ‘Brain' is bad; 'soul'
achieve the sensuous realizations of poetry. only so-so; 'heart indifferent. Truly, as far
Wordsworth remounted the tripod of inspira as words go, man has a poor chance of figuring
tion, and Keats waved anew the Bacchanalian in any prose writer's golden style. Send him
thyrsus; and since their time there has been abroad, like Adam, to view and name his pos-
no cause to lament the lack of fire or form in sessions! It is to be hoped that Adam had bet-
style. Rather, if anything, the physical ele ter taste than to call his cave a house."
ment of style has been too predominant.
Mansion' or 'palace' might do. Garden,'
It is in connection with words rather than 'valley,' 'forest' are good; but ‘farm,"plain,'
with ideas that most people think of style,
as if words were not merely the symbols of bee, and a myriad more, are very middling at
thought. In a moderate number of instances least. Metropolis' is fine, and gave Keats a
there may be some subtle affinity between the glittering line, — Upon the gold clouds metro-
nouns
6
6


158
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
6
politan, but city' is affected, and town' sentences than words that halt and grunt and
let us pronounce it' taown'at once and be done groan. The writer of English has to labor with •
ipith it.
his raw recruits of vocables, to make them
Then take our pronouns, 'I,''he,' she,' stand at attention or walk in file; when he
‘it,' 'who,' 'whom, you,' 'they,'—why, it wants them to give voice together, he finds
is like the neighing of horses or the hoot that they are dumb or hoarse or hissing. All
ing of owls! On the whole, then, we have the more honor to him if he succeeds! AC-
not made a success of the names we most use. cording to those who find in mere words the
* Birth’ is not a pretty word, and life' and secret of style, English literature should be very
· death' hiss at each other like angry geese. nearly styleless. But, on the contrary, beyond
I do not want to fly in the face of my mother all other literatures it is drenched and irradi-
language, but as a fellow-sufferer with Mr. ated and alive with style. Even its bad styles
Pater and Mr. Alden I ask how I am going to those of Johnson or Carlyle, for example,-
make style out of words like those ?
are not like the bad styles of other literatures
Turn to the verbs. "To be,' 'do,' act, merely ponderous or commonplace. They are
'make,' 'go,' 'come,' have a certain brevity striking, original, full of interest. To sum up,
of use and command, but they are dull and then: the English language is preëminently a
creeping enough. The fact that we have so language of ugly and discordant words; the
often to prefix the sign of the infinitive to our English literature is preëminently a literature
verbs is another offense of the language. It has of style - of glowing and appropriate expres-
the look of a consumptive policeman conveying sion; therefore words in themselves have very
a squat tramp to the station-house. "To love little to do with the evolution of style.
has a cooing sound, and to desire' is noble. I have said that the idea of style is usually
But for the most part the verbs denoting the associated with prose; and also that there are
usual occupations of life are vulgar in the ex as many styles as writers. But prose style in
treme. To buy, sell,' ' eat,'' fight,' 'run, English falls into three great species, to one or
* talk, sleep,' . lose,' 'gain,'— these and in the other of which most pieces of composition
numerable others have countenances of no mark may be referred. The first of these species is
or likelihood. Contemplating them, one feels a the prose which M. Jourdain was delighted to
glow of admiration for Walt Whitman when his find that he talked. It is the plain, straight-
picturesque genius soars to the heights of ' ab- | forward, unadorned language of life. But we
squatulate' or 'skedaddle. It is to the adjec- must beware of thinking that this style, as it
tives that we must mainly look for what of exists in the pages of great writers, is without
physical comeliness our speech affords. Many of art. There is perhaps as much art in the plain-
them are veritable patricians, and show like Al ness of Swift, the naturalness of Defoe, the sim-
cibiades or Cosmo de Medici amid the vulgar plicity of Bunyan, as in the ordered and far-
rabble of our nouns and verbs. * August, wheeling sentences of Milton or Burke. Let
splendid, 'noble,' ' gorgeous,' 'magnificent,' anyone try to do a piece of work like Franklin's
graceful, beautiful,' 'indomitable, — such autobiography, and he will discover the diffi-
words adorn the pages of prose or verse, - culty of the method. Always the necessary in-
• Pride in each port, defiance in each eye,
strument of men of action, and for direct nar-
I see these lords of human speech pass by.'
ratives of real experiences, this style has been
And here, because I am acting as the Devil's revived in recent years for the use of fiction,
Advocate of words, I would note another fact and in fact for many other purposes. Much of
which tells against my side: 'Beauteous is a Poe's and Stevenson's work was done in it,
vile word,' says Polonius. It is so! But why? though at their best they put off corduroy and
I cannot tell. There must be something in its donned silks and satins and velvets. The style
physiognomy which does not suit our minds. is so simple and wholesome and good that there
On the whole, then, owing partly to the enor is little more to be said about it, except that
mous proportion of monosyllables, partly to the self-consciousness is fatal to it; fine writing,
prevalence of sibilant and dental sounds, the unless very skillfully concealed, its ruin.
words of the English language are overwhelm The second prose species in English is the
ingly ugly and unmusical. A word of two or ornate, elaborated, monumental, periodic style
more syllables may be a melody, or at least a — the so-called prose poetry. De Quincey, de-
cadence; a word of one syllable is merely a fending this his favorite style, somewhere asks
noise. The 'caw-caw-caw' of the crow or the what a writer of the calibre of Swift would
'tweet-tweet-tweet' of the sparrow are not mu have done if set such a theme as Belshazzar's
sical - the trills and arias of the catbird or feast and told to develop all the implications
nightingale are. Words that sing themselves and consequences of the story. Probably Swift
are surely more advantageous to the builder of would have made something awful of the mat-


1905.]
159
THE DIAL
ter. But it may be doubted whether the few then, if one pleases, one makes some more.'
strong words which the Bible devotes to the in All the adorable coquetry of the women is in
cident are not more impressive than any fan those words, and they are, besides, a set of
tasia which Jeremy Taylor or Milton or De cadences which affect the literary student with
Quincey himself could have written around it. delight and despair. No wandering bear-
Unquestionably, the lofty prose flights of these leader ever put forth a claim to be a gentleman
writers are superb, but there is a touch of fal- in the words of Tony Lumpkins's boon com-
setto in them. They try to give the sensuous panion, Tho'd I be obligated to dance a bear.
effect of verse without verse's sensuous appar my bear only dances to the genteelest of tunes,
atus of rhythm and rhyme, without its allowed “Water Parted” or the Minuet in Ariadne.'
elisions and inversions which tend to concentra- The clown rises before us in this sentence, which
tion and concreteness. And, in the second must tickle the fancy forever.
place, they are an imitation of the poorest kind Sheridan has a skyrocket imitation of this
of poetry — descriptive poetry. Great poetry style. Hazlitt and Charles Lamb, as a reward
does not linger and loiter; it strides on from for their love of it, sometimes attain to its pure
action to action, from thought to thought, and perfections. Thackeray struggled to achieve it
gives its descriptions very largely by means of all his life; but his success is at best quite ques-
hints and flashes and implications. In the set tionable. Once, in a dispute with Tennyson, he
pieces of Ruskin and De Quincey and Jeremy asserted his ability to equal Catullus.
He re-
Taylor, we cannot see the forest for the trees. canted this opinion the next morning, in a note
They set out to describe some single matter, of becoming modesty; and probably he has by
a lark rising in the air, Joan D'Arc on her this time recanted the opinion which he held
scaffold, a lonely tower fronting the sea; but longer and more seriously, that he could write
the subject bourgeons and effloresces in their better than Congreve. Strange as it may seem,
hands; troops and battalions of ideas and im Dickens is really the more consummate mas-
ages come to illustrate or elaborate it. These ter of this style. In the scenes where the Wel-
end by hiding the central theme. By the time lers appear, in those between Dick Swiveller
we have got to the middle of the description we and the Marchioness, above all in those which
have forgotten the beginning; and when we are have to do with Sairey Gamp, he too gives us
done we do not know whether we are standing the essence of character in immortal words.
on our head or our heels. I do not in the least Mrs. Gamp's 'Put the bottle on the chimley-
deny that such work is valuable and wonderful. piece so I may wet my lips with it if I be so
But it is not quite the real thing either of dispoged; the Marchioness's pathetic reference
poetry or prose.
to the imagination which was required to sea-
But there is a perfect, crowning, golden style son the lemon-peel punch; Sam Weller's philos-
in English prose. It is a style whose colloquial ophy of love-letters; the elder Weller's descrip-
ease is not the home-bred rusticity of our first tion of Mr. Stiggins,- these, and a hundred
species, whose sparkling polish is not the im other passages, place Dickens not much below
pasto brilliancy of our second. It is simple the perfect three.
from richness, glowing from within. It is keen Cardinal Newman and Matthew Arnold are
and flexible and glittering, like a Damascus perhaps the best modern masters of this style
blade. It is terse. It does not tire. It does in serious matters. And the famous scene
not over-dwell. The supreme master of this where Arminius investigates Mr. Bottle's mind,
prose is Shakespeare; his co-rival in art, qua mind, shows in Arnold the creating flash.
though, alas, not in matter, is Congreve. Gold This species of prose, informal, easy as an old
smith reigns on a little lower level; and there shoe, is, as it were, made for letter-writing; and
is no fourth to rank with them. Their prose as a consequence the great English letter-writ-
gives the essence of character in immortal ers, Gray, Cowper, Keats, FitzGerald, are
words. We recognize it as our real inheritance among its best exponents. Keats's prose, in-
of speech, which we all ought to share, but deed, is almost pure Shakespeare. Among
which we have somehow been cut out of. No Americans, Poe has the glitter though hardly
girl ever said like Rosalind, 'A star danced, and the ease of the style, Lowell its unction, and
under that I was born;' but the phrase gives us
Emerson its inward irradiation.
at once a picture of the heroine and a precious There is one kind of prose style which, I
pearl of language to put away among our verbal think, has hardly been naturalized in English.
treasures. No fine lady ever uttered such a
speech as this of Millamant's: 'What is a lover style, that is, of one who says everything almost
that it can give ? One makes lovers as fast as
without words. Landor essayed to write it; but
one pleases, and they live as long as one Junius, perhaps, alone succeeded.
pleases, and when one pleases they die; and
CHARLES LEONARD MOORE,
It is the style of Thucydides and Tacitus -- the


160
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
.
songs. ... It is preposterous that a reigning
COMMUNICATIONS.
Queen,' etc., etc.
'Hélène Vacaresco is a
maid of honor to this Queen.' Allow me to
“THE SHADE OF THE BALKANS.'
repeat the words of Molière: 'On peut être hon.
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
nête homme et faire mal des vers.'
Since the reviewer of "The Shade of the Bal Your reviewer does not know how these songs
kans,' in your issue of August 1, has made im were made, and I cannot enlighten him, as I am
proper use of a private letter, I am sure you will far from being in Miss V.'s secrets; but, judging
allow me to correct him in a public letter. from a later volume which has her name alone
It happens that in 'The Shade of the Bal-
upon the title-page, I shall say that the quality
kans' (which is a collection of Bulgarian which gives them value-their æsthetic beauty-
folk-songs, etc., and related essays, for which is owing to the genius, not altogether unknown, of
Pencho Slaveikoff, Dr. E. J. Dillon and myself are Miss Alma Strettell.
responsible) we say we do not believe that “The
My private letter to your reviewer was written
Bard of the Dimbovitza' is, as it pretends to be, a on account of one he sent to Slaveikoff. When I
collection of Roumanian folk-songs, but that it met S. last spring in Paris, he gave me the letter,
has been manufactured (and very well) by Car-
which was a request for further information as to
men Sylva, Miss Hélène Vacaresco, and Miss
Miss V. [He wrote likewise to that lady asking
Alma Strettell. The folk-lorists have always class- her to tell him whether the songs are authentic!
ed this book with Ossian; and their reasons for so May I comment upon this by quoting your re-
doing have been set forth in our volume for the viewer on some other lines which, says he, "are
benefit of the general reader. Our object was not, touching in their sweet simplicity'?] S.'s health
as your reviewer suggests, to satisfy our superflu- being bad, his sister had replied to the letter, and
ous malice; there is in Slaveikoff's essay a com at his suggestion I sent a supplementary reply. It
plete examination of Bulgarian Popular Literature, is the treatment of this reply which I consider
its origin , its heroes, its methods, its villains, and grossly unfair.
not the least interesting part is concerned with In the first place, I informed the inquirer that
Stephen Verkovich, who forged the celebrated
the denunciation of Miss V. has for the sake of
'Veda Slovena,' with Wenceslaus Hanka who simplicity been added to S.'s essay, but that as a
discovered' his own poems in the vault of the
matter of fact I had compiled it from the words
church-tower of Königinhof, and so forth. The of S. and of others. Such a procedure,' says
value of his work would therefore have been less your reviewer, casts suspicion upon the whole
if nothing had been said about 'The Bard of the
book.' How ludicrous! If an engine is being
Dimbovitza,' since the Rouman's culture has been,
cleaned by Samuel Smith, the driver, and his
from the Middle Ages until recent times, so three competent assistants, we may say, for the
closely interwoven with the Bulgar's (I need only såke of simplicity, that the engine is being cleaned
refer to Dr. Ivan Shishmanoff's well-known by Samuel." Why need I add in parenthesis that
pamphlet, ‘Der Lenorenstoff in der Bulgarischen this proof came from Dr. Dillon, or that another
Volkspoesie,' wherein the prevalence and varia-
one was contributed by Mr. Misu, the Roumanian
tions of this one song throughout the Balkans are agent and philologist in Sofia, or that others again
discussed) that such a collection of folk-songs as
were provided by Professor Dr. Gaster, the
Miss V.'s cannot exist or have existed.
famous Roumanian scholar? They all agreed
I shall not trouble to repeat the scientific rea with each other, S. agreed with all of them, and
sons (as, for example, that in the present condi as most of the proofs did not originate with
tion of the Roumanian tongue even Emenesco, the them but with him it is not very reprehensible, I
best of their modern poets cannot give utterance think, if all of them are grouped under his name.
'to such songs as Miss V. has collected from the Against these experts, by the way, your reviewer
lips of an old gardener, a nurse, etc., so that these brings up two French gentlemen who, he says,
gifted retainers presumably speak French, in champion Miss V., namely: M. Gaston Paris and
which language the songs were first published). | M. André Bellessort. He says the former is one
But let me say that Teodorescu, the greatest of of the greatest French authorities on the sabject.
Roumanian folk-lorists, has never been able to That, permit me to remark, is exceedingly faint
find any songs like these; no more have any other praise. With M. Bellessort I am unacquainted,
‘learned and patient folk-lore searchers,' as Miss but I am sorry that his two years' study and
V. herself admits in the dedication of a later travel in Roumania have not brought him nearer
volume. On the contrary, the wise men of to Teodorescu, Emenesco, Dr. Gaster, and others
Bucharest have ridiculed the book's pretensions; who have studied Roumania for a lifetime.
and for this Miss V. calls them unpatriotic! In the second place, I informed your reviewer
One cannot hope that every man who writes that in the London 'Bookman' for April I had
reviews of folk-song books should be a folk-lorist; reviewed Miss V.'s later book, in a signed article.
but I confess that it is disheartening when the He blames me, apparently, for writing it with sar-
proofs (which we thought it worth while putting casm. Heavens! must all reviews be written with
for the general reader's sake, and which all folk streaming eyes! He blames me for writing it at
lorists already knew) are utterly ignored, and all. Surely it is better that reviews should be
your reviewer proceeds to say, "There can, of written by those who are in some degree ac-
course, be no doubt as to the authenticity of the quainted with the subject than by those who are


1905.]
161
THE DIAL
obliged to write privately to the authors for infor the offending review carefully. Speaking of
mation, while the rest of their review is culled, the reference to his notice of 'Songs of the
word for word, from the books themselves. He Valiant Voivode', he says, 'He blames me for
blames me for saying that a part of our book is
writing it at all.' Nothing of the kind was
brilliant,- because, like many other people, I said
this of Slaveikoff's part.
said in the review. In two other places he mis-
Pray, does one usually
collaborate with writers whom one fancies to be
quotes it, and in his excitement he exclaims,
dull?
Heavens! must all reviews be written with
HENRY BERNARD.
streaming eyes?' Certainly not; read that of
The Bath Club, London, Aug. 20, 1905
"The Shade of the Balkans.'
[Mr. Bernard's letter is so immoderate, so In spite of Mr. Bernard's attempted defense
full of inaccuracies, exaggerations, and mis and the puffing of the engine, the method of
statements, that space will not allow a discus putting into Mr. Slaveikoff's signed essay, even
sion of it at length.
for the sake of simplicity,' statements com-
In the first place the reviewer cannot plead piled from others, can hardly be approved.
guilty to Mr. Bernard's charge of having made
As said in the review, Mr. Bernard's book
improper use of a private letter. Struck by
contains much of interest; but the reviewer
Mr. Slaveikoff's bitter denunciation of Miss
was constrained to deplore the newspaper
Vacaresco's 'The Bard of the Dimbovitza', in-
style, the immoderate tone, the prejudice, and
volving the Queen of Roumania, and feeling the undignified attack upon the Queen of Rou-
the injustice in the manner of the attack, the
mania and Miss Vacaresco; and his plea was
reviewer wrote to him stating that he was re-
for respectful treatment of these authors. He is
viewing her later book and his own, and asking not yet prepared to question their veracity.-
his opinion of Songs of the Valiant Voivode THE REVIEWER.]
(not information about the author, as Mr. Ber-
nard erroneously says). According to Mr.
"PAUL JONES AS A HERO IN FICTION.'
Bernard's admission, his unsolicited letter to
(To the Editor of THE DIAL.)
the reviewer was written at the request of Mr.
Under the above title, THE DIAL of August 16
Slaveikoff, who knew that his bitterness had publishes a communication, as interesting as it is
attracted unfavorable comment. Under these
timely, from Mrs. Annie Russell Marble, in which
circumstances, the reviewer felt justified in
attention is called to James Fenimore Cooper's
characterization, in The Pilot,' of Paul Jones;
making two quotations from this letter; one, in
and passages from the novel are quoted,
justice to Mr. Slaveikoff, to show that he was
apparently to justify the rehabilitation of Jones's
not the author of all the denunciation put into character that is now being somewhat noisily ad-
his essay; and a second quotation, suggested by nced in the country of his adoption.
regret that the reviewer could not have the It seems to me to be only fair to the novelist
pious sensation experienced by the man who that the following sentences, from page 288 of
felt that he might as well review the Bible'
Professor Lounsbury's life of Cooper in the
as the book sent forth by Mr. Bernard.
'American Men of Letters' series, should also be
The reviewer has indeed had the privilege of
printed: 'He [Cooper] was in later years dis-
exchanging several letters with Miss Vacaresco.
satisfied with himself, because in his novel of 'The
Pilot' he had put the character of Jones too high.
When Mr. Bernard conjectures that the re-
He thought that the hero had been credited in
viewer wrote to this lady asking her to tell him
that work with loftier motives than those by
whether the songs are authentic, he is evident which he was actually animated.'
ly thinking of a letter that he himself wrote
CHARLES E. EAMES.
to her inquiring about the authenticity of those Detroit, Mich., Sept. 5, 1905.
in a former book, during the preparation of his
own work. The reply was probably not satis-
A department devoted to · Art in America,' under the
factory to the gentleman, for he confesses, ‘I
editorship of Mr. F. J. Mather, Jr., will shortly be added to
am far from being in Miss V.'s secrets. These
"The Burlington Magazine,' of which Mr. Robert Grier
Cooke is the American publisher. This feature should serve
things are indeed 'touching in their sweet
to extend very considerably the already wide constituency
simplicity'.
which this authoritative and beautiful periodical has
Eulogy from M. André Bellessort, M. Gas secured on this side of the Atlantic. Forthcoming numbers
ton Paris, and the French Academy is, in Mr. will contain articles on “Turner's Theory of Colour' by
Bernard's opinion, exceedingly faint praise. It
Mr. C. J. Holmes, 'Silver Plate in the Collection of the
is a pity, then, that he condescends to quote
Duke of Newcastle' by Mr. J. Starkie Gardner, 'Some Im-
from the language represented by them.
pressions of the Early Work of Copley,' 'The Paintings by
John La Farge Destroyed by the St. Thomas Church Fire'
Is it not possible that the judgment of one
by Mr. William B. van Ingen, 'Ecclesiastical Dress' by
of the Roumanians mentioned has been preju-
Mr. Egerton Beck, 'The Classification of Oriental Carpets,'
diced by his exile?
and many other subjects of value to those who take a
It appears that Mr. Bernard has not read scholarly interest in art matters.


162
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
Books.
The New
nature, and confiding in God, death itself loses
its desolation.' For that monstrous architec-
tural jumble, the capitol at Albany, as for
A FRENCHMAN'S RHAPSODY ON AMERICA.*
American architecture in general, the writer
has nothing but praise. It must be said, how-
After Pastor Wagner and his strenuous ever, that he was disappointed in his hope of
preaching of the simple life, comes the Abbé viewing the Albany wonder in person, a disap-
Klein with his simple account of the strenuous pointment due to the route chosen from New
life as seen by him in this country and Canada York to Montreal, the journey being made by
during the late summer and autumn of 1903. railway via Springfield and Boston instead of
'Simple' need not here be construed to the
up the Hudson.
To miss the Hudson was a
good priest's disadvantage; rather let it be in mistake, perhaps,' he admits; 'but to miss Bos-
terpreted to mean that there is something al ton would have been a crime.' Cultured Boston
most touchingly naive and joyous, unrestrained is described, or partly described --- for he has
and enthusiastic, about his pleasant description considerable to say about it - in words that
of his vacation frolic in the land of the free unmistakably betray the writer's nationality.
and the home of the brave,— or, to quote his * As Boston passes for the most intellectual city
somewhat fervid language, this great and glo of the United States, so too it is commonly sup-
rious land of liberty and faith and tolerance, the
posed to be the one most thoroughly permeated
place of all places where, in times of moral ex-
with French culture. Its era of prosperity dates
back to the time when French manners and French
haustion, men may hope to refresh their souls
literature set the fashion for the world. Fidelity
as they renew their physical health in the air to its own traditions, therefore, keeps Boston
of the mountains or the sea. Like M. Wag-
faithful to those of France. It follows our books
ner, our author is a fervent admirer of Presi-
and periodicals with close attention, and cultivates
the study of our language so assiduously that the
dent Roosevelt, whom he frequently quotes, and French lecturer, summoned yearly to Harvard by
to whom he dedicates his book by permission. the terms of a special foundation, always finds a
The genial Abbé saw much to admire and lit-
large and appreciative audience ready to welcome
him.'
tle to condemn in our country and its institu-
tions. He glows and exuberates on the sub-
Another regret caused by the choice of the
ject of our bigness, our material prosperity, and
New England route to Montreal was that of
our rapid growth. So very friendly and admir- missing the Catholic Summer School at Lake
ing a visitor to our shores must not be harshly Champlain. “However, concludes the Abbé,' to
dealt with for such inaccuracies (and they
become well acquainted with the six or seven
are not few) as have crept into his gorgeously hundred Catholics at the Summer School would
tinted picture of our country. He means well, require at least a fortnight, and so long a stay
and is far more likely to err in our favor, and
was simply impossible.' The genial visitors
especially in favor of those of us who are capacity for making acquaintance appears to be
his co-religionists, than the contrary.
Let something extraordinary.
not the reader be disconcerted by an occasional
Much space is, naturally enough, devoted to
wrong date, as 1623 for Boston's settlement,
the Catholic church and to Catholic religious
1773 for the Boston Massacre (perhaps con-
houses and schools in the United States and
founded with the Tea-Party of that year),
Canada, and the Protestant reader will learn
and 1803 for the building of Fort Dearborn.
some new things in the course of the book-
The author amuses us by checking himself perhaps even a few things that are not so. But
in mid-career to say, 'I am afraid of fall-
never mind; the Abbé is not compiling a dic-
ing into the American abuse of superlatives, tionary of statistics. Had he been, he probably
but truly’ — and the stream of eulogy flows would have thought twice before assigning 20
on again unrestrained. Even those chill horrors
many of his co-religionists to some of our cities.
in marble and granite, our cemeteries, are
The Chicago Catholics, for example, he puts
included in the general panegyric, because
at one million, out of a total population which
in the Frenchman's eyes they are so cheer-
he makes largely in excess of census returns.
ful in appearance, so well cared for, and The exemplary morality, too, that he delighte to
are, as he expresses it,' at once the abode of the attribute to the restraining influence of the con-
dead and a place of recreation for the living.' fessional might not be borne witness to by police
* The cult of the departed,' he adds, “is as fer-court records.
vent in America as in Paris; the graves are as
Although the phrase 'vacation frolic' was,
well kept, but they do not offer the same aspect perhaps inadvisedly, used to characterize the
of mourning. Among this people, optimistic by author's American tour, it must not be thought
that he came among us mainly for idle amuse-
* IN THE LAND OF THE STRENUOUS LIFE. By Abbé Felix
Klein, of the Catholic University of Paris.
ment. As already indicated, serious study of
Translation. Illustrated. Chicago : A. C. McClurg & Co. religious and educational systems claimed much
Author's


1905.]
163
THE DIAL
of his time. Here are a few sensible words to the tirade of my German friend all that I had
prompted by a visit to the Catholic university
heard of “ the city of pork-packers" in Europe
at Notre Dame, Indiana:
and Canada, you will understand that I entered
it without much prepossession in its favor. Some
. It requires only a brief examination of the
good people, indeed, had whispered into my ear
discipline of Notre Dame to bring out an essential that no one who had the faintest love of beauty
distinction which exists between English and
or retained more than a shred of moral sense
American education on the one hand, and French
would willingly set foot on the streets of Chicago.'
education on the other; it is that the former al Nevertheless, praise is not wanting even for
lows more freedom to collegians and less to ad-
vanced students than we do. Certainly it is not
Chicago, whose enchanting parks' and fine
the least of the inconveniences of our system that boulevards especially please the visitor. What
up to a boy's eighteenth year we deprive him of traveller,' he asks,
traveller,' he asks, will brave all prejudice,
all initiative, and then of a sudden fling him into and be the first to tell the world that there are
absolute independence. There is not one boy in
our secondary schools who would not feel like
very few cities uniting as much loveliness in
an escaped prisoner if he were to enter Eton, or
their parks, their avenues, and their boulevards,
an American college, or the similar school in as this prosaic city of Chicago? I would be the
France, the Ecole des Roches. On the other hand, second to such a one; and I would add that I
there is not a young man among our advanced
students who would not feel disgraced if he were
have hardly seen anywhere else so many people
asked to submit to the discipline that governs
praying in the churches, or visiting the mu-
the graduates of Oxford, Harvard, or Notre Dame. seums and galleries, or reading in the libraries.'
Undoubtedly surveillance ought to be proportioned The 'handsome university to which Mr. Rocke-
to the age of the student, but it is unwise to
make all surveillance odious from the very begin-
feller's millions have piped the Pierian springs
ning by irritating restraints, and then when a
receives mention, but, being under Protestant
boy's dangers are greatest to leave him abso auspices, it fails to attract much of the good
lutely to his own devices.'
priest's attention. From Chicago the traveller
Whenever our cheerful traveller meets a dis- proceeded to Peoria, of whose distinguished
contented foreign-born American, he is tempted Bishop he has many good things to say, as wit-
to ask, “Why, then, don't you go back again to
ness the following:
the old country?' Thus a conversation about
* Not that Bishop Spalding 'tries to impress one
Chicago with a citizen of German birth leads to
by any sort of outward show. American bishops
a similar silent query on the part of the French-
are noted for their simplicity; and he is the
simplest of them all. Like all truly superior
man, whom we will leave to relate the incident minds, he respects in each the natural dignity of
in his own words.
man, and treats everyone as his equal. I do not
think he speaks in any other way to his friend
" accommodation" train; at President Roosevelt than he would to the young-
every stop new passengers enter, and soon all the est curate in his cathedral. It matters not where
seats are taken. I surrender mine to a woman, or before whom he may be, he is always simply
and, seeking a place on the platform, am soon himself, without précaution or reserve.
If one
deep in conversation with a Chicago tradesman. inspires confidence in him, he says so, and there-
He is a German, native of Cologne. About 1880 after it may be relied upon. In the contrary case,
he came to America, and has succeeded so well his manner is equally candid. I do not know,
in business here that he has no desire to leave. or, rather I do know, but do not care to say,
That does not hinder him, however, from speaking who it was that one day asked his cooperation
very severely of the city of his adoption. " Chi in a certain enterprise, and upon being refused
cago,” he said, “ has magnificent parks, boule point-blank, demanded an explanation.
1. Because
vards, and residences; but the greater part of it I have no confidence in you, answered Bishop
is dirty to a disgusting degree. One would think Spalding, with the most natural tone in the world.
that with the twenty millions of dollars that we
pay in taxes every year, the city would be able
Our strenuous President the author considers
to present a clean and respectable appearance; but
one of the two most interesting men he has
three-fourths of the money goes right into the ever met, Cardinal Lavigerie being the other.
pockets of the unscrupulous politicians who are
Two paragraphs from the chapter devoted
keeping a tight hold on the city government. But
of course they have to satisfy their followers;
chiefly to Mr. Roosevelt are selected for quota-
and how else can they be reimbursed for their
tion.
heavy election expenses 9 Democrats or Republi-
of the Strenuous Life is indeed
cans, one lot is as bad as the other; it is not before us. My seat is quite close to his. I miss
worth while to turn the rascals out-their suc no movement of his countenance or of his entire
cessors would be worse. In this country, everyone body, no inflection of his earnest and resonant
bends the knee in worship of the Almighty Dol voice. A magnetic current radiates from his whole
lar."
And in fact, this severe critic seems as being and affects everyone about him. I under-
devout a worshipper as the rest; if the country stand what was meant by a writer in one of
is so disagreeable to him, why, except for his the American reviews, who compared him to a
pecuniary interests, doesn't he quit for good l dynamo, and said, “He seems to explode his
Besides, it is easy enough to see that a city
words.'
He is of medium height, but robust and
which has increased a million inhabitants in the muscular. His round, and somewhat full face, his
last two decades can hardly have everything in fine light mustache, his fresh, animated
com-
apple-pie order; no wonder certain streets are still plexion, his hair in its original abundance, his
unswept, unmacadamized, unpaved. If you add | vivacity of manner, give bim, notwithstanding his
• We are
on an
" The
man


164
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
five-and-forty years, a youthful appearance which session is nine-tenths of the law, they certainly
the cartoonists do not neglect. To this energetic,
have the better of it.
almost restless, make-up, a pair of blue eyes add
that attribute, without which all the rest were
So, perhaps, this is the Age of Insects, and
nothing, which is called charm.'
we are of secondary importance. Without press-
'I was not, I believe, playing the flatterer, in ing the point — for man's egotism is invulner-
telling the President that France takes a great
interest in him and his ideas. He then spoke
able — we must at least admit that the study
of his personal sympathy with our nation. He
of insects is worth while. As I write, New
mentioned the French descent of Mrs. Roosevelt, Orleans is suffering fearful penalties for her
formerly Miss Edith Kermit Carow; and he added, neglect to consider the mosquito and his deadly
with evidently sincere satisfaction, that he him-
ways; and it is more than probable that flies
self had French blood in his veins. That was
why, he continued, he had given the unusual name
carried death, in the form of typhoid germs,
of Quentin to the youngest of his four boys. As to many of our brave boys in the Spanish war.
everybody knows, he belongs to an old Dutch It has ceased to be merely a question of loss
family that settled in New York in its early
period, and has distinguished itself continuously
of property; our very lives are in danger be-
in commerce and public affairs. Something less cause of certain insects. On the other hand,
generally known, though worthy of observation for from their very numbers and variety, insects
the light it throws on his many-sided character, afford splendid material for the investigation of
is that several of his ancestors married daughters
of French Huguenots; that his paternal grand-
many scientific problems; while, for the same
mother was Irish; and that his mother, a Bullock reasons, they enable even the beginner to make
of Georgia, was of Scotch and French descent. discoveries, — real additions to scientific knowl-
So there is a good dose of the Celt in this New edge. It is not surprising, therefore, that the
York Dutchman. But we must remember that
above all there are two centuries and a half of study of insects is becoming increasingly pop-
American education.'
ular, and that publishers find it worth their
The Abbé is a man of fine culture, and a
while to bring out large tomes upon the subject.
wide-awake if not always sufficiently skeptical
Professor Kellogg's book is certain to be
observer. Best of all, his whole book breathes widely useful. In its style, it reminds me
a freshness and a joy of living that, quite apart mirable French book which was translated into
from its subject-matter, are decidedly engaging; mirable French book which was translated into
and the amiable determination to be pleased English, and was one of the chief joys of my
with everything and everybody American cannot boyhood. Readable and profusely illustrated,
but win the author many friends among the
it gives a great amount of information about
readers of his American edition. The already
the insects of this country, in such a manner
established popularity of the work in France is
that it is available to any intelligent person.
indicated by the fact that it passed into a 7th
Dr. D. Sharp's volumes in the Cambridge
edition a few months after its publication, Natural History' still hold the field for gen-
and it has received from the French Academy eral entomology, and are not likely to be super-
the Montyon prize of a thousand francs. The seded, unless by a larger work which their
good literary style of the English version, made learned author has in preparation. Dr. How-
by the Abbé himself, and the highly entertain ard’s ‘Insect Book' has a unique value for its
ing character of the narrative, will no doubt
numerous illustrations, and especially the ex-
make it a favorite in this country also.
cellent life-histories. Other works are neces-
PERCY F. BICKNELL.
sary for particular purposes; but if I were asked
to name a single work for a beginner, who at
the same time meant business, I should not hes-
itate to recommend this new product of Stan-
THE INSECT AGE.*
ford University
In his new book on 'American Insects' Pro It is not necessary to give any detailed ac-
fessor Kellogg remarks that “if man were not
count of the work. In addition to the chapters
the dominant animal in the world, this would describing the different kinds of insects, there
be the Age of Insects. But Forel, the well are special sections on structure and physiol-
known Swiss authority on ants, has raised the ogy, development and transformations, insects
question whether, after all, these insects do not and flowers, colors and color-patterns, insects
in reality possess the earth. I look out of my
and disease, and collecting and rearing insects.
window on a vacant lot, covered with rocks and In a new edition, I should like to see a chap-
wild plants. It is said to 'belong' to Mr. So ter on the geographical distribution of insects,
and-So; but I have never seen him there;
if that would not make the book too large. The
whereas it is, I know, peopled in every quarter,
account of the beetles seems too short; a spe-
inside and out, so to speak, by ants. If pos-
cial work on North American beetles is at pres-
ent a great desideratum.
• AMERICAN INSECTS. By Vernon L. Kellogg.
New York : Henry Holt & Co.
In a work of this sort there are always some
Illus-
trated.


1905.)
165
THE DIAL
things to criticise adversely. No living ento- distinctions made, and the emphasis placed on
mologist knows all groups of insects well, and comparatively minor incidents, are such as the
it would probably be better if the several chap- general reader cannot appreciate and which
ters of any general work were either written or therefore merely weary him. The work is ser-
revised by specialists. With all its merits, Pro- viceable for reference purposes, but is especially
fessor Kellogg's book is a little too much of a of value to the student of history, offering him
compilation to be ideally satisfactory; and the specialist knowledge, and at the same time giv-
numerous figures without specific names suggesting him suggestions for his own work. An
the lack of help which might surely have been adequate review of the volume should there-
obtained for the asking. The nomenclature fore be directed to the needs of the historical
given is in some cases unsatisfactory, and in student, and should deal explicitly with each
one or two instances the same insect is called contribution; but our present limits confine at-
by different names in different parts of the tention to but one of the many interesting
book. Misprints are not very uncommon, but chapters, that by Mr. J. K. Laughton on 'The
of other errors I have found few. On plate Elizabethan Naval War with Spain.'
ix, figure 28 is not a 'skipper' butterfly, and Mr. Laughton's desire for accuracy removes
its scientific name is not Archonias lyceas, but all the glamour of the epoch. Hawkins, Drake,
Neophasia terlootii. Plate ii., fig. 12, named
and even Sir Humphrey Gilbert, are depicted
Meloe, appears to be Megetra vittata. Some of
as little better than freebooters, almost pirates
the borrowed figures are very poor, but most in fact, and as probably animated much more
of the illustrations are good.
with the love of adventure and of easily gotten
T. D. A. COCKERELL. pillage than with religious or national enthu-
siasm. It is not a pleasant picture of an age
that the Protestant historians have taught us
NEW VIEWS OF THE GREAT SPANISH
to look upon as
one of inspiring religious
ARMADA.*
patriotism. Moreover, while the author is care-
Volume III. of the Cambridge Modern His-
ful to state that England wholly underesti-
mated her own naval strength in the contest
tory' series is entitled 'The Wars of Religion,'
with Spain, he proves in fact that the Great
a title sufficiently indicating the nature of its
Spanish Armada was but an empty bubble that
contents, and covers the general field of Euro-
pean history from 1530 to 1625. The twenty-
The twenty-fleet of England.
burst upon the first contact with the efficient
The English ships were
two chapters are divided among sixteen authors,
known as specialists in the fields of which they and were manned with sailors who also fought
of whom four at least are widely and favorably quick, active, fast sailers, supplied with heavier
guns of longer range than were the Spanish,
write. These are Mr. R. Nisbet Bain on Po-
land, Mr. E. Armstrong on Tuscany and Savoy, equipped and poorly victualed floating forts, in
the whip; while the Armada consisted of poorly
Mr. Martin Hume in two chapters on Philip
which the sailors had no share in the fighting,
II. and Philip III. of Spain, and Mr. S. R.
and which were crowded with troops and com-
Gardiner (whose recent death has caused a dis-
tinct loss to the historical world) on England
manded by soldiers. These vessels were expected
in the time of James I. The chapters by these
to come to hand-to-hand conflicts with the
authors are all excellent examples of the spec-
enemy, when the valor of the Spanish troops
ialists art, and yet are well suited to the genclumsy in movement and badly sailed, the sol-
was counted upon to win the victory; but,
eral survey. that the work itself is attempting
diers in them never had a fair chance to prove
to give. The usual selected bibliographies ac-
the volume; while in their preface the
their reputed valor. The English simply kept
company
their distance and maintained a steady pound-
editors announce that upon the completion of
the twelve volumes originally planned two sup- | according to Mr. Laughton, had little to do
ing of the enemy. Storms and bad weather,
plementary volumes will appear, one containing with the English victory, for an entire week of
maps of the various countries in the periods
treated, and one supplying a general index to good weather intervened between the opening
the entire work, together with some compre-
of the conflict and the beginning of tempests.
hensive genealogical tables.
Of the Spanish ships, many of the hundred and
It is becoming more and more evident, with thirty belonging to the Armada were mere
the appearance of each volume, that this huge transports, or supply ships, with no fighting
production can never serve as a popular his qualities whatever ; so that in the final analysis
the real men of war' numbered about fifty
tory, nor even as an instructive one; since the
on each side. The entire victory was simply
. • THE CAMBRIDGE MODERN HISTORY, Edited by A. W.
Ward, G. W. Prothero, and Stanley Leathes.
the victory of newer and better ships, heavier
guns, and newer methods, over an antiquated
The Wars of Religion.
Volume III.,
The Macmillan Co.
New York:


166
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
pattern of vessel and an obsolete style of naval
warfare. It was in truth a mere slaughter, as
STORIES AND TRADITIONS OF THE
PAWNEE INDIANS.*
is shown by the fact that the English lost but
some sixty men all told in killed and wounded, Dr. George A. Dorsey is an indefatigable
though many sailors died soon after from a worker in the field of American folk-lore. Dur-
disease that broke out in the fleet; while the ing the past few years he has paid particular
Armada lost sixty-three ships and thousands attention to that extremely interesting group
of men. These figures prove, better than any of Plains Indians known as the Caddoan
words, the inequality of the contest.
stock. His studies in regard to the religion and
This analysis of Philip II.'s famous attempt mythologies of the tribe forming this stock are
to invade England is unquestionably in perfect of exceptional interest. The Caddoan family
harmony with the best results of modern his includes the Arikara, Caddo, Kichai, Pawnee,
torical research, and is therefore to be wel and Wichita. The legends of the Arikara and
comed on the ground of historical accuracy; the Wichita have been published by Dr. Dorsey
but the danger in such studies is that the writ under other auspices; the stories gathered
ers forget contemporary opinion, which is after among the Skidi Pawnee are presented in
all the chief interest in historical study, and, the volume before us. The Arikara and the
by dwelling on the errors into which contem Pawnee are closely related. The Pawnee
poraries fell, underestimate or even lose sight themselves are divided into three subdivis-
of the importance and influence of the very ions, the Chaui, Pitahauirat, Kitkehahki,
misapprehension of the facts. The importance and Skidi Pawnee. It is probable that the
of the defeat of the Armada, viewing it from Skidi are in reality more closely related to the
its effect on the English nation, lies largely in Arikara than they are to the other groups of
the fact that the people believed that England so-called Pawnee.
had won a victory against overwhelming odds. The Pawnee, as long as they have been
This is in some measure indicated by Mr. known, have been tribes of the great Plains.
Laughton, but not with sufficient emphasis. Their ancestral home in Nebraska was a brok-
His delight in proving the actual superiority of en, dry, sandy district, with a scant growth of
the English fleet blinds him in a degree to the timber along the water-courses. It was a fa-
devout thankfulness of the nation at a God mous hunting-ground, abounding in buffalo,
sent preservation.
deer, antelope, otter, beaver, mink wolves, coy-
In treating of the years after the Armada of otes, and foxes, and in the mountains westward
1588, the author is not so critical; for he re bears and mountain lions. The nature of the
gards that year as practically marking the con country in which they formerly lived has in-
clusion of the struggle between England and fluenced, as is natural, the form of the stories
Spain for the supremacy at sea. In fact, how themselves.
ever, two authors, Mr. Julian Corbett in "The In an introduction of some twenty pages,
Successors of Drake' and Mr. Martin Hume in Dr. Dorsey gives the more important facts re-
Treason and Plot, have both conclusively garding the life and customs of the Pawnee.
demonstrated that the last ten years of Eliza- Chief in interest, among these, are their social
beth's reign were years of increased Spanish organization and their religion. In their social
effort for the overthrow of England. Mr. Cor- organization, the Skidi show no trace of the
bett ranks the Armada of 1599 as a more tre-clan, or gens, so commonly_the social unit
mendous effort on the part of Spain, and as among American Indians. The village is the
more dangerous to England, than that of 1588; element. Of these, there were nineteen, each
while Mr. Hume, both in the book just named with its sacred bundle. Marriage within the
and even in his two chapters in the present village was endogamous; each village had a
volume, shows the wave of patriotism and the hereditary head-chief, and the people of the vil-
desire for revenge that swept over Spain when lage were considered descendants of the orig-
the news of the defeat of 1588 was received. inal owner of the sacred bundle preserved in it.
Possibly the period assigned to Mr. Laughton Below the chief were four braves, police under
extended beyond that in which he had a special his direction; below the braves ranked four
knowledge, and he was thus led to conclude priests, after whom in consequence were the
his article with the old accepted tradition, not medicine-men and the warriors. Last of all
being aware that the tradition had recently were the common people. In this lack of clan
been undermined. This is not a criticism of organization, in the hereditary chiefship, in
the specialist, for the specialist's knowledge the importance of the sacred bundles, and in
must stop somewhere; it is rather an inevitable
• TRADITIONS OF THE SKIDI PAWNER. By George A.
fault of a general history written by a number
Dorsey. Memoir VIII. of the American Folk-Lore Society.
of specialists.
E. D. ADAMS. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co.
✓


1905.]
167
THE DIAL
eous.
as
the village system, the Pawnee were quite pe On the whole, the character of the stor-
culiar among American tribes.
ies, from the point of view of thought and ex-
In their religious thought and practice they pression, is high; and they compare favorably
were quite as interesting. They recognized a with those of other Indian tribes. It would be
supreme being, Tirawa, whose commands were interesting to present some of the more strik-
executed by lesser gods; next to him and his ing features and elements of the tales, but the
wife — the vault of heaven – was the evening limits of our review prevent so doing. Many
star. She was the mother of the first terres of them would be encountered in the stories of
trial beings, their father being the morning
other tribes; while others are quite character-
star; her four attendants — wind, cloud, light-
istic and local. The stories as a whole give an
ning, and thunder - transmitted
- transmitted Tirawa's excellent idea of the life and thought of a
mandates to the people. Her garden of grow-
Plains tribe.
ing grain and her herds of buffalo were the pro Two problems seem just now to face the eth-
totypes from which terrestrial fields and herds nologist who collects and publishes the stories
drew life. Her husband, the morning star, of barbaric peoples. The first is in regard to
ranked next to her. To their child, a girl, the the form in which to cast the legend. It is
Skidi formerly offered a maiden as a sacrifice. clear that the simplicity of the original should
After these divine beings came the gods of the be retained; but its sense and true merit ought
world quarters, creators of all but the first not to be sacrificed in so doing. There is a
pair; then a crowd of other meteorological and tendency at present to give aboriginal stories
stellar deities, each with his place and func in a broken dialectic form which is difficult of
tion; then followed the divine animals and the comprehension, and which mars and destroys
messengers. The Skidi had a remarkably de whatever beauty the stories themselves may
eloped star-cult, influencing the arrangement possess. Thus, in the dialect version of the
and location of their villages when they came legends of the Torres Straits islanders given
together to celebrate the great ceremonials. by Haddon, we receive an impression of im-
These were then so placed as to reproduce ter becility in the narrators; it is unfair to the
restrially those distributions which the gods had native story-teller to weight him down
made in the celestial vault. The mysterious with the imperfections of the badly-
bundles used in the village ceremonials were de learned foreign language which serves
rived from the god of the village. These bun the vehicle of his narration. What is wanted
dles vary, though their general similarity is is the meaning put with all the simple direct-
evident. Each contains at least one pipe, to ness and naturalness which the story-teller
bacco, painte, certain birds, and the mother would give it if he were speaking in his native
These objects were wrapped in a piece tongue. Dr. Dorsey has avoided this fault of
of buffalo-skin, and the bundle thus formed dialect rendition; for fault it is, and not
was treated with respect and was in charge of 'scientific accuracy. These Pawnee stories are
a regularly recognized owner. At the ceremon told in good English, and adequately present
ial of each bundle, a ritual was sung and an what the teller meant to say. The second prob-
offering was made to it. To the morning-star lem is the dealing with indecent and obscene
bundle a human maiden was sacrificed; to the passages. In these Skidi tales, Dr. Dorsey
evening-star bundle, tobacco and the heart and throws such passages into Latin. It is difficult
tongue of a buffalo. Each bundle had its ap to see his rule of judgment, as many passages
propriate dance, performed in the ceremonial, which are not Latinized are quite as objection-
and its particular origin story, which was nar able as the worst of those which are. The pres-
rated between the ritual song and the dance. ent reviewer does not find in the Skidi collec-
It may be mentioned, in passing, that Dr. Dor tion any matter which really needs to be thus
sey, with a great amount of trouble, has suc treated. When there is really objectionable
ceded in securing a considerable number of matter in aboriginal tales, one of two things
these sacred bundles for the Field Columbian may be done: if the passage is essential to the
Museum, with which he is connected.
story, the whole story may be omitted; if the
The stories of the collection before us num passage is not essential, it may itself be drop-
ber ninety-one. Among the most interesting ped, the remainder of the story being presented.
of them are the origin stories of the bundles. The argument that it is necessary to give ev-
There are, however, various other types, and erything, in order to present aboriginal thought
Dr. Dorsey groups the whole collection under and life, is false; there is no population but
six heads: i, Cosmogonic, including the origin what has its stories that are best left unre-
stories of the bundles; 2, boy heroes; 3, medi peated. The purpose of collecting ethnic tales
cine; 4, animal tales; 5, people marrying ani is that we may compare their thought and
mals, or becoming animals; and 6, miscellan expression with our own, and with those of
corn.


168
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
people related to us, yet the collections of pop tive of the human race, and therefore a' sub-
ular stories told among English and Dutch, ject of perennial interest. And of the men who
French and German, contain no objectionable have presumed on their own excellence as lit-
passages; and this is not because the Aryanerary material, few have done so with greater
mind is pure and produces naught that is foul. justice or with greater self-content.
To compare an unexpurgated collection of In Diverse and undulant Montaigne says he is;
dian stories with Aryan collections which have and few will contradict him. He was born of
been carefully culled is highly unjust to the an upper middle-class family, yet was taught
aboriginal story-teller.
by his father to associate with the peasantry as
At the close of the stories, Dr. Dorsey pre well as with his equals; the Renaissance was in
sents notes and explanations of points which its full glory, and he was the inheritor at once
otherwise might not be understood, and makes a of the new paganism and of the old mediæval
few comparisons with similar stories from other Christianity, with the result that he was three-
peoples. One must regret that this work of an-
quarters pagan and one-quarter Christian. He
notation was not more fully carried out. We had no one settled philosophic or religious be-
have, however, said enough to indicate the high lief; the one science worth knowing thorough-
importance and interest of the work. The ly, he felt, is that of living well and dying
American Folk-Lore Society is to be congratu- well, loyally to enjoy our being,' as he says.
lated upon keeping up the high quality of its He roamed through literature, taking what he
memoirs. Volume VIll. is a worthy compan liked and neglecting whatever he found diffi-
ion to those which have preceded it. The book cult or not exactly to his taste. “If I speak
is illustrated with a number of full-page plates variously of myself,' he says, “it is because I
representing Pawnee types and interesting consider myself variously; all contrarieties are
things connected with the games and ceremonies found in me, at this turn or that, in this way
of the Skidi.
FREDERICK STARR. or another; bashful, insolent; chaste, luxur-
ious; prating, taciturn; laborious, delicate; in-
genious, dull; fretful, debonaire; lying, truth-
ful; knowing, ignorant; and liberal, and avar-
THE WISEST OF FRENCHMEN.*
icious, and prodigal.'
In the last analysis, the work is the inter Professor Dowden, in undertaking a life of
preter of the man. It may be, as in the case of
It may be, as in the case of Montaigne, not only had the inherent difficulty
Shakespeare, that the work is so tremendous
of his tantalizingly varied subject, which placed
that a final interpretation is next to impossible, him in competition with the Essays themselves,
and the man is hidden in the intense objectiv- but had also the handicap of inevitable compar-
ity of his creations; but such cases, after all, ison with a series of biographies of established
are rare. The man is bound to disclose his per reputation. His work is the initial volume of
sonality in style and substance. Usually, how-
the French Men of Letters' series, which is,
ever, he does not make himself the direct sub of course, modelled on Mr. Morley's 'English
ject of his work; he is content to let himself
Men of Letters' series. It is as high praise,
shine through it." Pepys chose to treat himself perhaps, as one can give, to say that the new
as his own confessor, and an unsuspecting editor
series starts out as well and promises as much
gave the confession to the world. The result as the old. The general plan of the older ser-
is that we know Samuel Pepys better than any
ies is followed in the matter of treatment and
other man in English literature; we know his length. In its 360 pages, this work seeks to
failings, all the little pettinesses that an ordin-
interpret the author not merely by the facts of
ary man hates to confess even to himself, as
his life but also by what he reveals of himself
well as all that makes him one of the best fel.
in his writings. And, as was said above, Mon-
lows in history. But Pepys had no idea that taigne lays himself bare for the inspection of
he was contributing anything to either litera-
the reader. The danger for the biographer
ture or literary history; in this respect, at least,
was lest he should lose himself in the multi-
he was of all men most innocent. Not such was
plicity of this self-revealing detail. He avoided
Michel de Montaigne. He wrote about him-
this danger by distributing what Montaigne
self as about the subject he knew best; and in
says over the full period of his life. Thus, we
doing so he felt that he was but the representa- training, which differed in so many respects
see the essayist's point of view toward his early
* MICHEL DE MONTAIGNE. By Edward Dowden, LL.D.
of Letters' series. Philadelphia: J. B.
from that of his contemporaries as well as
Lippincott Company.
from that of today; toward his remarkable
STUDIES IN MONTAIGNE. By Grace Norton. New friendship with La Boétie, which stands out.
York: The Macmillan Co.
THE EARLY WRITINGS OF MONTAIGNE, and Other Papers,
as a great romance in an otherwise calm life,
By Grace Norton.
his intellectual and religious kinship with the
*
'French Men
New York: The Macmillan Co.


1905.]
169
THE DIAL
orthodox Sebonde, whose work he translated, sees in the inauguration of the spoils system the
at his father's request, his life in his Tower, satisfaction of a large demand for 'reform' in
where he shut himself off from all the world, administration, one species of reform being the
even from the wife of his bosom; toward, too, casting out of professional office-holders. Another
his magistracy, his life at court, and the may-
wave of reform marked the Whig inauguration
oralty of Bordeaux. It is no cut-and-dried bi-
of Harrison and Tyler' in 1841, terminating the
ography, but an illuminated record of the
tenure of 304 Democratic officials. President
mind and soul of the man whom Sainte-Beuve
Pierce caused 883 changes in office. All Presi-
dents were not so fortunate as to follow a change
called 'the wisest Frenchman that ever lived."*
in political parties; hence the plan was instituted
Miss Norton's books are different; they are of considering all appointments as made for four
rather a collection of essays of a critical char years only. The slight attempts to cast off the
acter, somewhat after the fashion of a doctorial spoils system before 1876 were nullified by the
dissertation. They seek to show the relation Reconstruction era, the very nature of which
of the Essays to the earlier Sebonde transla-
aroused the strongest feelings of partisanship.
tion, the editorial work in connection with the
Here the author keeps conscientiously within the
posthumous publication of La Boétie's writ-
pale of his subject, resisting the temptation to
describe the scandals of Grant's second term, due
ings, and the like; they put forth the theory largely to an abuse of the patronage. The diffi-
that certain of the essays, such as that on Van culties under which reform movements in the
ity, are combinations of earlier unpublished es Civil Service have made headway are
weil
says. The theory is a risky one for the various brought out by Mr. Fish. He attributes the suc-
and undulant Montaigne, and one suspects that cess of these efforts, against the hostility of
too much may be proved from the mere form political machines and partisan leaders, to the
of the Essays. The chief fault with Miss Nor non-partisan character of the movement at the
ton's books, however, is their unfailing dryness.
same time that it has not been unpartisan.' Con-
Never for a moment does she arouse a healthy sequently it has received no serious check through
interest in her readers. Let one compare her
the mutations of party fortunes. Other elements
of strength, according to the author, may be
chapter on the friendship of Montaigne and
La Boétie with Dowden's, and he will see the
found in the candor and publicity with which the
movements have been , conducted, and in the
difference between what mars and what makes
growth of public sentiment as to the necessity for
a book.
JAMES W. TUPPER. reform. Our modern extension of industry has
also brought a demand for the application of
business principles to government service. The
volume is a valuable addition to the other num-
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
bers in a valuable series, representing scholarly
contributions to knowledge within the field of
A history of
Public discussion of various re.
American history and administration.
the American form movements connected with
civil service.
the United States Civil Service
With pen and
The true lover of books written
during the past thirty-five years has resulted in
pencil, through
valuable contributions to the literature of the
by great men is apt to look
Dickens's country. askance at books written about
subject. A trustworthy history of the inception
them. The bushel of chaff they contain is fre-
of these movements, as well as the evils which
quently too dusty to repay him for the search
they are supposed to cure, was needed, and has
been furnished by Professor Carl Russel Fish, of
for the few grains of wheat they may hold, and
the University of Wisconsin, in a monograph of
the reviewer too often lapses into a habit of
the Harvard Historical Studies under the title relegating such volumes to the shelf from which
The Civil Service and the Patronage' (Long-
he gives gifts to the indiscriminating acquaint-
ance to whom a book is a book. In 'The Dick-
mans, Green & Co.) Mr. Fish examines the policy
of each President, from Washington to McKin-
ens Country,' however, the case is quite other-
ley, toward the public patronage and tenure of
wise; and it is a real regret that the patient and
devoted author can never know how great must
office. He finds that Washington pursued the
plan of making appointments solely for meritori-
be the appreciation of all lovers of the
writings of Charles Dickens for the service
ous qualifications, and removals only for the effi-
he has rendered, nor how sincere must be the
ciency of the service. On this ground the first
enjoyment of those who follow him on his chosen
President removed seventeen officials during the
pathway. With an enthusiasm tempered by
eight years of his administration. The merit
system held moderately well until the coming of knowledge of every page Dickens wrote, Mr. Kit-
sound judgment, and guided by an exhaustive
President Jackson. Exact figures of removals in
ton made his way over every foot of that part of
his administration are wanting. Professor Fish
England 'having London as its centre and Roch-
• There should be added to the Bibliography Mr. J. ester as its literary capital,' which has been
Churton Collins's 'Studies in Shakespeare,' for the sake 'treasured up to a life beyond life' by his mas-
of its article on the relation of Shakespeare to Montaigne ;
and Mr. Saintsbury's monograph in the 'Encyclopædia
ter's pen. The work has been done so faithfully
Britannica.'
and so fully that it need never be attempted


170
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
again,-if, indeed, it could be done at all even Especially dextrous is his defense of Adam
now, so many are the changes Time makes Smith's relations with the French school and of
among the haunts of men, and so resistlessly does his attitude toward Free Trade. His friendship
the commercial spirit wage war against every with Hume, devoted, though oftentimes assum-
thing that stands in its way. In the very inter- ing a controversial attitude, seems to have been
esting photographic reproductions with which the his greatest mental stimulus, although he was
book is filled we can read at a glance the fortunes also deeply influenced by his contact with such
of the man whose career began in a little house at men as Burke, Franklin, and Pulteney. But it
Portsea, and ended nearly sixty years later in is by no means to be inferred that Mr. Hirst, in
the charming house at Gad's Hill. As we follow emphasizing the importance of The Wealth of
the pictures, and the delightful text by which Nations,' has neglected Smith's earlier writings,
they are illustrated, we wonder sometimes where for "The Theory of Moral Sentiments' is ably
Dickens ever found time to do anything else than discussed and contrasted with the author's later
pack and unpack his belongings, or why he had work. And, further, Mr. Hirst has given as a
ever any serious thought of any other profession fund of incident and anecdote of Adam Smith
than that of a bagman, so incredible is it that one and his times which will be diverting even to
man could have lived in so many houses or stop those readers who profess no interest in the
ped at so many inns. The world had been a dismal science of political economy.
poorer place, however, had either choice or cir-
E88ays by the
The lectures of Dr. Felix Adler,
cumstance made his life other than it was; for
pastor of a the popular and learned leader of
from each halting-place, however brief the stay, creedless church. the Ethical Culture Society, of
the busy brain carried an impression, and from
New York City, are read with as much interest as
the vast fund of detail thus accumulated there was
never a lack of material for the proper setting for Carnegie Hall. His books on ‘Life and Destiny'
they are listened to from Dr. Adler's pulpit in
any character or any effect it might wish to pro-
and on 'Marriage and Divorce' aroused a deep
duce. It had been impossible that even one of
and sincere interest at the time of their publica-
Dickens's novels had been written, but for that
tion. But Dr. Adler is too busy doing active
restlessness,- inborn, perhaps inbred, by the
work to be able to spend much time preparing his
peculiar conditions of his life ; and it had surely lectures for publication. Feeling that 'to put
been out of the question to have given us the into the hands of earnest people the words of one
England of Dickens's novels -- but for the Eng- who has been a leader to many would be to extend
land of Dickens's life. Not the least interesting
an influence which may contribute to the prog-
part of the book is the short introduction, in
which Mr. Arthur Waugh tells us something of
ress of the higher life,' Mr. Leslie Willis Sprague
has undertaken the pleasant task of arranging
the life and character of the gentle and kindly
and editing some of Dr. Adler's most characteris-
man, since dead, who prepared this charming
tic and vital lectures, and these are now published
book. (The Macmillan Co.)
under the title “The Religion of Duty' by Mc-
Biography of The Wealth of Nations,' says
Clure, Phillips & Co. Duty is the watchword of
the author of
'The Wealth
Mr. Francis W. Hirst, 'is a book
the Ethical Society, although it cannot be called
of Nations.' to be read as it was written. a part of its creed, since Dr. Adler distinctively
More than half its nutriment and all its fascina emphasizes the fact that the Society has no creed,
tion is lost if you cut away the theory from its
- that in this 'Church of the unchurched' no
historical setting.' Such, it would seem, is the
man's religion, not even that of the founder and
central thought about which Mr. Hirst has writ-
leader, is or need be subscribed to by all the mem-
ten his biography of Adam Smith for the Engligion, or even a common philosophy, but the
bers. The point of union is not a common re-
lish Men of Letters' series (Macmillan). The old
extenuation of any tendency toward narrowness
fundamental conception that progress in right
living is the paramount aim of life; that right
in 'The Wealth of Nations,' i. e., 'insular con-
ditions,' which we had swallowed whole, so to
thinking and right believing are important only
speak, seems superficial indeed when with Mr. as they lead to right living, and that the think-
Hirst we follow Adam Smith's early career, his
ing and believing must approve themselves to be
connection with the University of Glasgow, his right by their fruits in conduct.' Dr. Adler's
travels in France, his timely observation of dis- religious lectures gain rather than lose in interest
turbed affairs at home and his very unusual op-
through the fact that they are the expression of
portunities to sift matters in argument with his his personal opinion. Especially interesting are
keen-witted circle of friends. As Mr. Hirst car-
the first lectures, on 'First Steps Toward a
ries us gradually along through these various
Religion,'. Changes in the Conception of God,'
phases of Adam Smith's life, he insistently shows
and Teaching of Jesus in the Modern World.'
how each in turn left its mark, and how · The
The place of
The third edition of Miss Kath-
Wealth of Nations' was the logical result. It is industries in ele- erine Elizabeth Dopp's interesting
Adam Smith's pre-vision alone that is relegated mentary training. book on "The Place of Industries
in
author set for himself he has accomplished with cago Press) is made doubly attractive and valu-
thoroughness and even with interest; for there is able by the addition of a chapter on colonial his-
about this biography no suggestion of dullness. tory and the possibilties the study of this history
6
6


1905.]
171
THE DIAL
wo
offers for the development of a child's industrial 'Sentimental Journey.' The same firm is also pre-
education. The arrival of the Pilgrims, the paring a special limited edition of an important his-
modelling of the coast where they landed, the
torical work, a collection of 'Sailors' Narratives
making of their tools, the building of their
of Voyages along the New England Coast, 1524-
houses, each contains an idea which can be made
1624,' with notes by Mr. George Parker Winship.
A new book by Mr. Charles Warren Stoddard,
to render effective service in helping children to
having to do with Stevenson, Bret Harte, Gail
understand the situation through their own ex Hamilton, and others with whom the author was in.
periences. The training of the intellect through timately asociated, will be published this fall by
the senses, through the hand, the eye, the ear, Messrs. Herbert B. Turner & Co.
which forms the basis of modern industrial edu The first volume of an authoritative edition of
cation, is the general theme of Miss Dopp's book. the Life and Writings of Benjamin Franklin will
She holds the theory, well substantiated, that the be published next month by the Macmillan Co. The
child grows along the lines in which the race has
edition will extend to ten volumes, and is being pre-
grown; his earliest instincts are the instincts of pared by Professor Albert H. Smyth of Philadel-
phia.
early man, and it should be the object of the in-
telligent educator to satisfy these instincts in
A limited large paper edition of the works of
Maurice Hewlett is in active preparation by the
work and play and to be ready for the natural
Macmillan Co., who promise the first volume this
advance to the next stage of growth. How this is month. The five hundred sets of ten volumes each
being done in various schools of the country is will be uniform with the de luxe editions of Walter
shown in illustrations of children at work. These Pater, Edward FitzGerald, and others, published by
illustrations are another new feature of this edi-
the same house.
tion of Miss Dopp's book.
With its September number, which commences the
sixth volume of the magazine, The Printing Art'
There is a great deal of what Mr.
announces a considerable reduction in its subscrip-
The quest of
tion price, made possible by recent admission to the
William James calls' the religion
happiness.
second class mailing privilege. This periodical has
of healthy mindedness' in Mr.
80 far been a powerful force in elevating American
Clarence Lathbury's “The Balanced Life' (The typographic standards; and its influence has been
Nunc Licet Press). This ideal existence, accord- the stronger because, unlike other journals of the
ing to Mr. Lathbury, consists in an adjustment of same general class, its appeal is made no less to
ourselves so perfect that we are not conscious of
those who have to do with the planning and placing
distinct faculties, but only of a happy and whole
of printing than to those who actually execute the
work.
life.' With this end in view, he bids us culti-
vate the health of both body and spirit; for
The ever-increasing interest in Japan and the
Far East is being fostered by the publishers with
through their concerted action we are to find
an ever-increasing succession of timely volumes.
life in its best sense. Undreamed of possibilities During the present month Messrs. McClurg. & Co.
of happiness, he says, lie latent in each one of will issue no less than three books dealing with the
us; but an almost universal lack of the physical Mikado's enpire. These consist of Mr. Ernest F.
and mental balance stands as a proof that we are
G. Hatch's Far Eastern Impressions,' some in-
not yet arrived at perfection but only on the road
teresting and pertinent notes by a business man
on Japan, Corea, and China; ' Arts and Crafts of
to it. Mr. Lathbury possesses not only a great
Old Japan,' a popular introduction to the study of
deal of optimism but also a sensitive responsive-
this subject; and a new revised edition of Mr.
ness to Nature, which will appeal especially to Ernest W. Clement's ' Handbook of Modern Japan,'
those who shall seek The Balanced Life' under containing a new chapter on the war, and new
his pleasant guidance.
pictures.
A series of dictionaries which commends itself at
once for completeness and inexpensiveness is sent
us by Messrs. Laird & Lee. There are five volumes
NOTES.
in all, one an edition for library and office use, hand-
somely bound in flexible leather and containing a
We understand that a new volume of Mr. Augus dozen colored plates. The other volumes are espe-
tine Birrell's literary essays (' birrellings,' some cially designed for school use, including high school
one has called them) will appear shortly through and collegiate, students' common school, interme-
Mr. Elliot Stock of London.
diate school, and elementary school editions. All of
'In the Days of Milton,' a picture of the poet's
these are illustrated, and with the exception of the
life and times written by Mr. Tudor Jenks, will be
two last-named they contain considerable supple-
published at once by Messrs. Barnes & Co. in their
mentary matter of a useful character, such as dic-
popular · Lives of Great Writers' series.
tionaries of mythology, biography, and geography,
lists of musical, legal, and medical terms, etc. The
The first number of a new magazine devoted to
vocabularies include many new and technical words
art affairs will be published this month by Messrs.
not heretofore included in lexicons of this sort, the
Moffat, Yard & Co. of New York. · The Scrip' is
definitions are concise and intelligible, etymology is
the title of the periodical, and Miss Elisabeth
freely indicated, synonyms are fully given, capital
Luther Cary is its editor.
initials are used in words that invariably require
The special ' Riverside Press Editions ' planned the capital, degrees of adjectives and plurals of
for publication during the present season by Messrs. irregular nouns are stated. These numerous points
Houghton, Mifflin & Co. include a selection of " The of advantage, and the low prices at which the vol-
Love Poems of John Donne,' edited by Professor umes are sold, should make a wide popularity for
Charles Eliot Norton, and a reprint of Sterne's the series.


172
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS.
THE DIAL's list of books announced for issue
during the publishing season of 1905-6, herewith pre-
sented, is as usual the earliest comprehensive and
classified information of this sort to be given the
public. Entry is here made of nearly sixteen hun-
dred titles, —
-an increase of a third over last year's
total, making this season's list the largest we have
presented since 1901. All the books entered are pre-
sumably new books-new editions not being in-
cluded unless having new form or matter; and while
no attempt has been made to include titles as titles
merely, regardless of their significance or interest to
our readers, yet it is believed that no really im-
portant book is missing. Some of the more interest-
ing features of the list are commented on in the
leading editorial in this issue of THE DIAL.
BIOGRAPHY AND MEMOIRS.
Charles Godfrey Leland ( Hans Breitmann'), by Elizabeth
Robins Pennell, 2 vols., illus.- Parts of a Man's Life,
by Thomas Wentworth Higginson, illus. in photograv-
ure, etc.- American Men of Letters series, new vols.:
James Russell Lowell, by Ferris Greenslet; Sidney
Lanier, by Edwin Mims; each illus., $1.50 net.- Amer-
ican Statesmen, second series, first vol. : James G.
Blaine, by Edward Stanwood, with photogravure por-
trait, $1.25 net.-In our Convent Days, by Agnes
Repplier, $1.10 net.- Memoir of Dr. James Jackson, with
a sketch of his father and brother and of his ancestry,
by Dr. James J. Putnam, illus. (Houghton, Miffin &
Co.)
Life of Goethe, by Albert Bielschowsky, authorized trans-
lation from the German by William A. Cooper, 3 vols.;
illus.- Life of Charles and Mary Lamb, by E. V. Lucas,
2 vols., illus.- Kate Greenaway, by M. H. Spielmann
and G. S. Layard, illus. in color, etc., $6.50 net.- Louis
XIV. and La Grande Mademoiselle, by Arvède Barine,
authorized translation, illus., $3 net. - Heroes of the
Nations series, new vol.: Mohammed and the Rise of
Islam, by D. S. Margoliouth, illus., $1.35 net. - Heroes
of the Reformation series, new vol.: Balthasar Hub-
maier, the leader of the Anabaptists, by Henry C. Ved-
der, illus.-- Life of Voltaire, by S. G. Tallentyre, new
and cheaper edition in 1 vol., illus., $3.50 net. (G. P.
Putnam's Sons.)
Mrs. Brookfield and her Circle, with photogravure por-
traits.-- Life of Froude, by Herbert Paul, with por-
traits, $4 net.- Renascence Portraits, Aretino, Crom.
well, and Maximilian I., by Paul van Dyke, D. D., $2
net. - Literary Lives series, new vol. : Charlotte Bronte,
by Clement K. Shorter, illus., $1. net. - Reminiscences
of the Civil War, by General John B. Gordon, new and
cheaper edition, with portraits, $1.50 net. (Charles
Scribner's Sons.)
An Autobiography, by Dr. Alfred Russel Wallace, $3.50
net.- Life of Charles Dickens, by Gilbert K. Chester-
ton, $1.20 net.- The Romance of Royalty: Ludwig II.
of Bavarla, the Duchesse d'Alençon, Isabel II. of Spain,
the Empress Eugenie, by Fitzgerald Molloy, 2 vols.,
illus., $6.50 net. - Jacques Cartier, Sieur de Limoilou,
a memoir of Cartier, his voyage to the St. Lawrence,
a bibliography, and a facsimile of the manuscript of
1534, with annotations, by James Phinney Baxter, A. M.,
limited edition. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
The True Andrew Jackson, by Cyrus Townsend Brady,
illus., $2. net.- Memoirs of General Early, edited by
John W. Daniel, illus.--- Memoirs of Charles Cramp,
illus.- French Men of Letters series, edited by Alex-
anger Jessup, first vols.: Montaigne, by Edward Dow-
den; Balzac, by Ferdinand Brunetière; each with por-
trait, $1.50 net.-- Life of Mary, Queen of Scots, by
Hilda T. Skae, illus., $1.25 net. - The Discoverers and
Explorers of America, by Charles Morris, illus., $1.25
net. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
On Two Continents, reminiscences of Marie Hansen Tay-
lor (Mrs. Bayard Taylor), illus., $2.75 net.-A Southern
Girl in '61, by Mrs. D. Giraud Wright, illus., $2.75 net.
(Doubleday. Page & Co.)
Life of Oliver Ellsworth, by William Garrott Brown.
Recollections, by William O'Brien, M. P.- Reminiscences
of G. F. Watts, by Mrs. Russell Barrington, illus. in
color, photogravure, etc., $5. net.- Memoir of Arch-
bishop Temple, by seven friends, edited by E. G. San-
ford, 2 vols., illus.- English Men of Letters series, new
vols.: Andrew Marvell, by Augustine Birrell, K. C.;
Sir Thomas Browne, by Edmund Gosse; Mrs. Gaskell,
by Clement Shorter; Charles Kingsley, by G. K. Ches-
terton; Shakespeare, by Walter Raleigh; each 75 cts.
net.- Reminiscences of Peace and War, by Mrs. Roger
A. Pryor, revised edition, with addtional chapters and
illustrations, $2. net -- Alfred Lord Tennyson, a memoir
by his son, new edition in 1 vol. (Macmillan Co.)
The Wives of Henry VIII., by Martin Hume, with por-
traits, $3.50 net.- Franklin in History, by William Mac-
Donald, with portraits, $2.50 net.- Old Greek, an auto-
biographical memoir of S. N. D. North of Hamilton
College, illus., $3.50 net.- John D. Rockefeller, a char-
acter sketch, by Ida M. Tarbell, 75 cts. net.- Contempo-
rary Men of Letters series, new vol.: Swinburne, by
George Edward Woodberry, 75 cts. net. (McClure, Phil-
lips & Cn.)
Life of Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky, 1840-1893, by his brother,
Modeste Tchaikovsky, trans., edited and arranged from
the Russian by Rosa Newmarch, illus., $5. net.- The
Duke of Reichstadt, by Edward Von Wertheimer, illus.
in photogravure, etc., $5. net.- Napoleon: the First
Phase, by Oscar Browning, with portraits, $3.50 net.-
Crown Library, new vols.: Memoirs of Lady Fanshawe,
edited by Beatrice Marshall, new edition; Jane Austen,
her Homes and her Friends, by Constance Hill, new edi-
tion; illus., per vol., $1.50 net. (John Lane Co.)
Mrs. Fitzherbert and George IV., by W. H. Wilkins, M. A.,
illus.- Life of Granville George Leveson Gower, second
Earl Granville, 1815-1891, by Lord Edmond Fitzmaurice,
2 vols., with portraits. - Final Recollections of a Diplo-
matist, by Right Hon. Sir Horace Rumbold, Bart, $5.-
Reminiscences of the Rt. Hon. Sir Henry Hawkins, 1st
Baron Brampton, arranged by Richard Harris, new and
cheaper edition, with portrait, $2. (Longmans, Green, &
Co.)
The True Story of Paul Revere, by Charles F. Gettemy,
illus., $1.50 net.-Memoir of Colonel Henry Lee, with
selections from his writings, and speeches, prepared by
John T. Morse, Jr., $2.50 net. (Little, Brown & Co.)
Journal of H. B. Latrobe, 1796-1820, illus., $3.50 net. (D.
Appleton & Co.)
Remenyi, musician and man, an appreciation, by Gwen-
dolyn Kelley and George P. Upton, with portraits, $1.75
net. (A. C. McClurg & Co.)
Beethoven, the Man and the Artist, as revealed in his
own words; Mozart, the Man and the Artist, as revealed
in his own words; each compiled and annotated by
Friedrich Kerst, trans. and edited by Henry Edward
Krehbiel. (B. W. Huebsch.)
Makers of Modern History, by Hon. Edward Cadogan,
$2.25 net.--- Women of Wit and Beauty of the Time of
George IV., by John Fyvie, $3.net. - Milton and the
Cavaliers, by F. S. Boas, $1.50 net. (James Pott & Co.)
Chronicle of Henry VIII., with introduction by Charles
Whibley, 2 vols., with photogravure frontispiece, $12.
net.-William Cecil, Lord Burghley, lord treasurer of
Queen Elizabeth, by Rev. Augustus Jessop, D. D., and
others, illus. in photogravure, etc., $10.net. (Grafton
Press.)
With the Empress Dowager, by Katherine Carl, $2. net.
(Century Co.)
James Martineau, theologian and teacher, by J. Estlin Car-
penter, $2.50 net. - Augustus Conant, Illinois pioneer
and preacher, by Robert Collyer, 60 cts. net. - Daugh-
ters of the Puritans, by Seth C. Beach, $1.10 net.
Prophets of the Liberal Faith, edited by Samuel A.
Eliot, 2 vols., $2. net. (American Unitarian Associa-
tion.)
Lives of Great Writers series, new vols.: In the Days of
Milton, by Tudor Jenks; In the Days of Scott; each
illus. (A. S. Barnes & Co.)
Life of the Rev. Dr. Edward McGlynn, with sermons and
addresses, by Matthew T. Gaffney, M. D., $1.-Garrison
the Non-Resistant, an account of the career of William
Lloyd Garrison, by Ernest_Crosby, with photogravure
portrait, 50 cts. (Public Publishing Co.)
Hernando Cortés, conqueror of Mexico, by Frederick A.
Ober, illus., $1. net. (Harper & Brothers.)
John Fletcher Hurst, a biography, by Albert Osborn,
with portraits, $2.net. (Eaton & Mains.)
Authors at Home, personal and biographical sketches of
well-known American writers, edited by J. L. and J.
B. Gilder, with portraits, 50 cts. net. (A. Wessels Co.)
HISTORY.
The Development of the European Nations, 1870-1900, by J.
Holland Rose, with maps. - The United States, 1607-
1904, by William Estabrook Chancellor and Fletcher
Willis Hewes, Vols. IV. to X., illus., per. vol., $3.50
net. - American Political History, 1763-1876, by Alexan-
der Johnston, edited and supplemented by James Albert
Woodburn, 2 vols.- A History of England, edited by
C. W. C. Oman, new vols.: England under the Tudors,
by Arthur D. Innes; Norman and Angevin England,
by H. W. C. Davis; per vol., $3.net. - The Spanish
Settlements within the Present Limits of the United
States, Florida, 1562-74, by Woodbury Lowery, $2.50
net. - Story of the Nations series, new title: The Story
of Greece from Earliest Times to A. D. 14, by E. S.
Shuckburgh, Lt. D., 2 vols.- Contemporary France, by


1905.]
173
THE DIAL
a
Gabriel Hanotaux, trans. by John Charles Tarver,
M. A., Vol. II., 1870-1878, with portraits, $3.75 net.- His-
tory of the Civil War in the United States, 1861-1865,
by W. Birkbeck Wood, A. M., and Colonel Edwards,
with maps.- Journals of the House of Burgesses of
Virginia, 1773-1776, including the records of the com-
mittee of correspondence, edited by _ John Pendleton
Kennedy, limited edition, $10.net. - The Abolitionists,
by John F. Hume. (G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Magellan's Voyage around the World, by Antonio Piga-
fetta, original and complete text of the oldest and best
MS., the Ambrosian Ms. of Milan, of the early 16th
century, the Italian text with page-for-page English
translation, trans., edited, and annotated by James A.
Robertson, limited edition, 2 vols., illus., $7.50 net.---
Audubon's Western Journal, 1849-1851, from the MS.
records of an overland trip through Texas, Mexico, and
Arizona to the gold-fields of California, by John
W. Audubon, edited by Maria R. Audubon, illus.,
$3. net.- Crown Collection of Photographs of Amer-
ican Maps, collection of original photographs
of maps important historically yet hitherto unpublished,
contained in foreign archives, especially chosen and pre-
pared to illustrate the early history of America, selected
and edited by Archer Butler Hulbert, limited to 25 sets
of 5 vols., $550.-- Early Western Travels, 1748-1846,
edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites, LL.D., Vols. XIX.
and XX., containing George W. Ogden's Letters from
the West, W. Bullock's Sketch of a Journey through the
Western States, and Josiah Gregg's Commerce of the
Prairies; Vol. XXI., containing John B. Wyeth's Ore-
gon, and John K. Townsend's Journey across the Rocky
Mountains; illus., per vol., $4. net. (Arthur H. Clark
Co.)
A Short History of Italy, by Henry D. Sedgwick, with
maps.- The England and Holland of the Pilgrims, by
Morton Dexter, illus.- The Valerian Persecution, by
Patrick Healy, D.D., $1.50 net.- American Common-
wealths series, new vols.: Louisiana, by Albert Phelps,
$1.10 net; Rhode Island, 1636-1905, by Irving B. Rich-
man, $1.10 net; Michigan, by Thomas M. Cooley, new
revised edition, with supplementary chapter by Charles
Moore, $1.25.- The Development of Religious Liberty in
Connecticut, by M. Louise Greene.- Mount Desert, a
history, by George E. Street, edited by Samuel A. Eliot,
with memorial introduction by Wilbert L. Anderson,
illus., $2.50 net.-A History of the Town of Middleboro,
Mass., by Thomas Weston, illus.--A Sketch of Etna and
Kirkersville, Licking Co., Ohio, by General Morris
Schaff. (Houghton, Mifflin & Co.)
Sea Power in its Relation to the War of 1812, by Captain
A. T. Mahan, 2 vols., illus. in photogravure, etc., $7.
net.- The Fight for Canada, a sketch from the history
of the great Imperial war, by William Wood, illus..
$2.50 net. - The Brothers' War, by John C. Reed, $2.
net. (Little, Brown & Co.)
Political History of England, edited by Rev. William Hunt,
D. Litt., and Reginald L. Poole, in 12 vols., first vols.
to appear: Vol. X., 1760 to 1801, by Rev. William Hunt;
Vol. II., 1066 to 1216, by George Burton Adams, M.A.;
Vol. III., 1216 to 1377, by T. F. Tout, M. A.- Lectures
on Mediæval English History, by William Stubbs, D.D.,
edited by Arthur Hassell, M.A.- Mediæval and Modern
History, by Henry E. Bourne, illus. - History of Diplo-
macy in the International Development of Europe, by
David Jayne Hill, LL.D., in 6 vols., Vol. II., The Estab-
lishment of Territorial Sovereignty. (Longmans, Green,
& Co.)
A History of Our Own Times, by Justin McCarthy, Vols.
IV. and V., with portraits per vol., $1.40 net. - The
American Nation, edited by Albert Bushnell Hart,
LL.D., Vol. VIII., Preliminaries of the Revolution, by
Prof. George Elliott Howard; Vol. IX., The American
Revolution, by Prof. Claude Halstead Van Tyne; Vol.
X., The Confederation and the Constitution, by Andrew
C. McLaughlin; with portrait frontispieces, per vol.,
$2.net - The German Struggle for Liberty, by Poult-
ney Bigelow, Vol IV., with portraits, $2.25 net. (Harper
& Brothers.)
Vikings of the Pacific, adventures of the explorers who
came from the West, Eastward, by Agnes C. Laut,
illus.- Civil War and Reconstruction in Alabama, by
Walter L. Fleming, Ph.D., illus.-A General History, by
Emil Reich, Vol. I.- Cambridge Modern History, Vol.
IX., Napoleon and his Times, $4. net.- Mediæval Lon-
don, Social and Ecclesiastical, by Sir Walter Besant,
2 vols.- A History of Modern England, by Herbert
Paul, Vol. IV. (Macmillan Co.)
Versailles and the Court under Louis XIV., by James
Eugene Farmer, illus., $3.50 net.- Washington and the
West, being the diary of George Washington for Sep-
tember, 1784, kept during his journey in the Ohio Basin
in the interest of a commercial union between the Great
Lakes and the Potomac River, with a commentary by
Archer Butler Hulbert, $2. net. (Century Co.)
A History of Egypt, from earliest times to the Conquest of
the Persians, by James Henry Breasted, Ph.D., illus.,
$5. net. (Charles Scribner's Sons.)
Life in the Eighteenth Century, by George Cary Eggles-
ton, with summary by Prof. Herman V. Ames, illus.-
Trail Makers series, edited by Prof. John B. McMaster,
new vols.: The Journeys of La Salle and his Compan-
ions, 1668-1687, edited by Prof. Isaac J. Cox; The Voy-
ages and Explorations of Samuel De Champlain, nar-
rated by himself, newly trans. by Annie Nettleton
Bourne, edited by Edward Gaylord Bourne; each in 2
vols., illus, (A. S. Barnes & Co.)
Twenty Years of the Republic, by Prof. Harry Thurston
Peck, LL.D., illus., $3.50 net.- Ancient Legends of Ro-
man History, by Prof. Ettore Pais, trans. from the Ital-
ian by Mario E. Cosenza, $4. net. - Tryon County Com-
mittee of Safety, minutes of their meetings, 1774-1775,
edited and annotated, illus., $3.50 net. - The Declara-
tion of Independence, its history, by J. H. Hazleton,
illus., $4. net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
History of the People of the United States, from the Revo-
lution to the Civil War, by John B. McMaster, $2.50
net - The Second French Empire, by Dr. Thomas W.
Evans, edited by Dr. E. A. Crane, $3. net. (D. Apple-
ton & Co.)
A History of Egypt, by W. M. Flinders Petrie, Vol. III.,
from the XIX to the XXX Dynasties, illus., $2.25 net.
(Charles Scribner's Sons' Importations.)
Historic Illinois, the romance of the earlier days, by Ran-
dall Parrish, illus., $2. net. (A. C. McClurg & Co.)
Italy, her people and their story, by Augusta Hale Git-
ford, illus., $1.40 net.- Handbook of United States
Political History, by Malcolm Townsend, illus., $1.60
net. (Lothrop Publishing Co.)
Ancient Records of Egypt, including the historical docu-
ments, edited by James H. Breasted, 5 vols.- The Sil-
ver Age of the Greek World, by J. P. Mahally. (Uni-
versity of Chicago Press.)
Old France in the New World, Quebec in the Seventeenth
Century, by James Douglas, illus., $2.50 net. (Burrows
Brothers Co.)
Founding of the Cincinnati Southern Railway, by Hon.
E. A. Ferguson, $1.50 net. (Robert Clarke Co.)
The History of the Society of Friends in America, by
Richard H. and Allen C. Thomas, revised edition, $1.
net. (John C. Winston Co.)
GENERAL LITERATURE.
Letters of Henrik Ibsen, trans. by John Nilsen Laurvik,
with portrait, $2.50 net.-Cranford, a play, by Marguer-
ite Merrington, with frontispiece in color, $1.25. (Fox,
Duffield & Co.)
The Romance of the Milky Way, and other studies and
stories, by Lafcadio Hearn. - The Question of our
Speech, by Henry James.- The Pardoner's Wallet, by
Samuel M. Crothers, $1.25 net.- The Fixed Period, by
William Osler.-American Literary Masters, by Leon
H. Vincent. - Cicero in Maine, and other essays, by
Martha Baker Dunn, $1.25 net. - The Words of Garri-
son, a centennial selection, 1805-1905, with photogravure
portrait, $1.25 net.- Letters from the Dead to the
Dead, collected, edited, and arranged by Oliver Lec-
tor', - The Farce of Maêtre Pierre Patelin, by an un-
known author of about 1469 A. D., trans. by Dr. Rich-
ard Holbrook, illus. (Houghton, Miffin & Co.)
The World of Fashion and of Letters under Queen Anne
and the Georges, by A. Barbeau, with preface by Aus-
tin Dobson, illus. in photogravure, $4. net.- History of
English Literature, by W. Robertson Nicoll and Thomas
Seccombe, illus., $5 net.— Wagner and his Isolde, cor-
respondence between Richard Wagner and Mathilde
Wesendonk, edited by Gustav Kobbe, $1. net. The
Great Word, chapters on love, by Hamilton Wright
Mabie, $1. net.- A new volume of essays by Maurice
Maeterlinck, $1.40 net. - French Profiles, by Edmund
Gosse, $1.60 net.- Famous Introductions to Shakes-
peare's Plays, by notable editors of the 18th century,
edited by Beverly Warner, D.D., $2.50 net. - The Voice
of Justice, by Patterson Du Bois, $1.-The Cambridge
Press, 1639-1692, a bibliographical account of the first
printing press established in English America, with a
list of its issues, by Robert F. Roden, limited edition,
$5. net. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
The Novels of Henry James, a study, by Elisabeth Luther
Cary, with photogravure portrait.- A Literary History
of the English People, by J. J. Jusserand, Vol. II., From
the Renaissance to Pope. - Addresses of Frederic Réné
Coudert, $2.50 net.- Shelburne Essays, by Paul Elmer
More, third series, $1.25 net.- The Companionship of
Brooks, and other papers, by Frederic Rowland Marvin.
Romano Lavo-Lil, word-book of the Romany or Eng-
lish Gypsy Language, by George Borrow, $2.- The
Upton Letters, by T. B. - The Choice of Books, by
Charles F. Richardson, to which has been added Sug-
gestions for Libraries, new and revised edition. (G.
P. Putnam's Sons.)
Lectures and Essays, by the late Rev. Alfred Ainger,
M.A.- History of English Poetry, by W. J. Courthope,
Vol V.- How to Collect Books, by J. Herbert Slater,


174
[Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
illus.- Columbia University Studies, new vols.: Law-
rence Sterne in Germany, by Harvey Waterman Thayer;
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176
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178
[Sept. 16,
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180
(Sept. 16,
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1905.]
181
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(Century Co.)


182
(Sept. 16,
THE DIAL
Days and Hours of Raphael, with key to the hours, by
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$1. net. (Lee & Shepard.)
Only a Grain of Sand, by Charles M. Taylor, Jr., illus.
by Clare Victor Dwiggins, $4. net. — (John C. Winston
Co).
BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG.
The Story of the Champions of the Round Table, by
Howard Pyle, illus. by the author, $2.50 net. - A Little
Princess, being the whole story of Sara Crewe now told
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color_by Lucy Fitch Perkins, $1.25 net. - The Face in
the Pool, by J. Allen St. John, illus. in color, etc.,
by the author, $1.50 net.- Lady Dear, by Millicent E.
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by Gulielma Zollinger, new holiday edition, illus. in
color by Florence Scovel Shinn, $1.50.-Tommy Post-
office, the true story of a cat, by Gabrielle E. Jackson,
illus., $1. net.- Adventures in Pondland, by Frank L.
Stevens, illus., $1.25.- Making the Most of Ourselves,
by Calvin Dill Wilson, $1. net.-Life Stories for Young
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The Little Women Series, by Louisa M. Alcott, illustrated
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Book, edited by Clifton Johnson, illus., $1.75.- Boys
who became Famous Men, stories of the childhood of
poets, artists, and musicians, by Harriet Pearl Skin-
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A. G. Plympton, illus., $1.50.- Sydney: Her Summer
on the St. Lawrence, by Anna Chapin Ray, illus., $1.50.
Men of Old Greece, by Jennie Hall, illus., $1.50.-
Heroes of Iceland, adopted from Dasent's translation
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illus. $1.50.- Shipwrecked in Greenland, by Arthur R.
Thompson, illus., $1.50.- The Reform of Shaun, by
Allen French, illus., $1.- With Spurs of Gold, by Fran-
cis N. Greene and Dolly Williams Kirk, illus., $1.50.-
Wilderness Babies, by Julia A. Schwartz, illus., $1.50.-
The Boy Captive in Canada, by Mary P. Wells Smith,
illus., $1.25.- French Pathfinders in North America, by
William Henry Johnson, illus., $1.50. (Little, Brown, &
Co.)
The Little Colonel's Christmas Vacation, by Annie Fel-
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Johnston, 50 cts.- The Three Weavers, a fairy tale,
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of Kentucky, by Annie Fellows Johnston, new holiday
edition, illus. in color, $1.25.- The Roses of Saint
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Section Hand, or The Adventures of Allan West, by
Burton E. Stevenson, illus., $1.50.- Little Cousin Series,
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us; Our Little French Cousin, by Blanche McManus;
Our Little Korean Cousin, by H. Lee M. Pike; Our
Little Mexican Cousin, by Edward Butler; each illus.
in color, 60 cts.- Animal Tales, by Charles G. D.
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of Little Fishes, by Lenore E. Mulets, illus., $1.- Cosy
Corner Series, new vols.:' Flip's Islands of Providence,
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man;
The Adventures of John Whopper, by Bishop
Clark, new edition; How Christmas Came to the Mul-
vaneys, by Frances Margaret Fox; each illus., 50 cts.
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Children, by Frances Hodges White; Child's Dream of
a Star, by Charles Dickens; The Flight of Rosy Dawn,
by Pauline Bradford Mackie; Findelkind, by Quida;
Fairy of the Rhone, by A. Comyns V. Carr; Gatty
and I, by Frances E. Crompton; Helena's Wonderland,
by Frances Hodges White; Jerry's Reward, by Evelyn
Smead Barnett; La Belle Nivernaise, by Alphone Dau-
det; Little King Davie, by Nellie Hellos; Little Peter-
kin Vandike, by Charles Stuart Pratt; The Little Pro-
fessor, by Ida Horton Cash; Peggy's Trial, by Mary
Knight Potter; Prince Yellowtop, by Kate Whiting
Patch; A Provence Rose, by Ouida; A Seventh Daugh-
ter, by Grace Wickham Curran; The Sleeping Beauty,
by Martha Baker Dunn; A Small, Small Child, by E.
Livingston Prescott; The Water People, by Charles Lee
Sleight; The Young Archer, by Charles E. Brimble-
com. (L. C. Page & Co.)
Forest-Land, by Robert W. Chambers, illus., $1.50.-
The Outcast Warrior, by Kirk Monroe, $1.50.- The Boy
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Four in Camp, by Ralph Henry Barbour, illus., $1.50.
-The Yellow Cat, by Grace Van R. Dwight,, illus.,
in color, $1.50.- Little Miss Cricket, by Gabrielle E.
Jackson, illus., $1.25.-Fifty-two Stories for Boys, edit-
ed by Alfred H. Miles, $1.50.- Fifty-two Stories for
Girls, edited by Alfred H. Miles, $1.50. (D. Appleton
& Co.)
A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys, by Nathaniel Haw-
thorne, holiday edition, from new plates, illus. in color
by Walter Crane, $3.- Lonely O'Malley, by Arthur
stringer, illus., $1.50.- An Only Child, by Eliza Orne
White, illus. by Katherine Pyle, $1.--The Red Chief,
by Everett T. Tomlinson, illus. $1.50.- The Star Jewels,
and other wonders, by Abbie Farwell Brown, illus., $1.
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in color, $1.25.—The Golden Goose, and other fairy
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In the Line, by A. T. Dudley, illus., $1.25.-- The Boy
Craftsman, by A. Neely Hall, illus., $2.- The Boy
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The Soldier Boys of the Indian Trails, by Edward
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Emma Lee Benedict, illus., $1.25.-- The Scarlet Patch,
the story of a patriotic boy in the Mohawk Valley,
illus., $1.25.- Cordelia's Pathway Out, by Edna A. Fos-
ter, illus., $1.- My Little Lady in Waiting, by Louise
E. Catlin, illus., $1.25.- How Barbara Kept her Prom-
ise, by Nina Rhoades, illus., $1.- Randy's Luck, by
Amy Brooks, illus., $1.- Dorothy Dainty at the Shore,
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House, by Amanda Douglas, illus., $1.25.-The Children
of Bedford Court, by Grace Le Baron, illus., 75 cts.
(Lee & Shepard.)
Grimm's Fairy Tales, trans. by Mrs. Edgar Lucas, illus.
by Arthur Rackham, $1.50.- Vive Christina, by Edith
E. Cowper, illus., $1.25.--The White Coats, by G. I.
Whitham, illus., $1.50.- The_Boys of Badminster, by
Andrew Home, illus., $1.50.-- Romance of Modern Mech-
anism, by Archibald Williams, illus., $1.50.-- Romance
of Modern Mining, by Archibald Williams, illus., $1.50.
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Gibson, illus., $1.50.-Romance of the Mighty Deep, by
Agnes Giberne, $1.50 net. - Shoulder Arms, by George
Manville Fenn, illus., $1.50.- The Kidnapping of Ettie,
by Brown Linnett, illus., $1.25. - Little Miss Robinson
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Girls of St. Gabriel's, by May Baldwin, illus.- The
Adventures of Princess Dantipet, by Mrs. George Cor-
bett, illus., $1.25.-- Wilful Cousin Kate, by Laura T.
Meade, illus., $1.50.-- Diana Polworth, Royalist, by J.
F. M. Carter, illus., $1.50.- The Wallypug in the Moon,
by C. E. Farrow, illus., $2.- Crab Cottage, by Ray-
mond Jacberns, illus., $1.25. (J. B. Lippincott Co.)
The Minute Boys of the Mohawk Valley, by James Otis,
illus., $1.25. - Plucky Jo, by Edward S. Ellis, illus.,
$1.25.- A Little Cook Book for a Little Girl, by the
author of "Gala Day Luncheons," 75 cts. The Arm-
strongs, by_Laura E. Richards, illus., $1.25.-- Tommy
Joyce and Tommy Joy, by Harriet A. Cheever, illus.,
$1.25.- Mary 'n' Mary, by Edith Francis Foster, illus.,
$1.25.- The Brass Bound Box, by Evelyn Raymond,
illus., $1.25.- Chatterbox for 1905, illus., $1.75.- Josie
Bean: Flat Street, by Harriet A. Cheever, illus., $1.25.
Young of Heart Series, new vols.: Mr. Penwiper's
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Farm, by Louise R. Baker; each illus., 50 cts.- Boys'
Own Author Series, new vols.: The Gold Hunters of
Alaska, by Willis Boyd Allen ; The Rulers of the Sea,
by Edmond Neukomm; Ned, Son of Webb: What he
Ďid, by William 0. Stoddard ; The Voyage of the
Charlemagne, by William 0. Stoddard; each illus., $1.


1905.)
183
THE DIAL
Little People's Series, new vols.: The City of Stories,
by Frank M. Bicknell; Stories True and Fancies New,
by Mary W. Morrison; Sayings and Doings in Fairy-
land, by D. S. Sinclair; The Pleasant Land of Play,
by Sara J. Brigham; That Bother of a Boy, by Grace
Stebbins; each illus., $1. (Dana Estes & Co.)
The Island in the Air, by Ernest Ingersoll, illus.- Tales
of the Fish Patrol, by Jack London, illus., $1.50.- The
Dwarf's Spectacles, and other fairy tales, by Max Nor-
dau, illus.- The Outlook Fairy Book, by Laura Win-
nington, new and cheaper edition, $1.- The Outlook
Story Book, edited by Laura Winnington, new and
cheaper edition, $1. (Macmillan Co.)
Ben Pepper, by Margaret Sydney, illus., $1.50.- The Mak-
ing of a Man, by Orison Swett Marden, illus., $1.25.-
Dan Monroe, by W. 0. Stoddard, illus., $1.25.- When
Grandmamma was Fourteen, by Marion Harland, illus.,
$1.25.- Laura in the Mountains, by Henrietta R. Eliot,
illus., 50 cts.-American Heroes and Heroines, by Pau-
line Carrington Bouvé, illus., $1.25.- Dolly's Double,
by Ethel Wood, illus., $1.- The Runaway Donkey, and
other rhymes for children, by Emelie Poulsson, illus.,
$1.50. (Lothrop Publishing Co.)
Humpty Dumpty, by Anna Alice Chapin, illus. in color
by Ethel Franklin Betts, $1.40 net. - Some Adventures
of Jack and Jill, by Barbara Yechton, Illus., $1.50.-
The Wild Flower Fairy Book, by Esther Singleton,
illus.- Elsie and her Namesakes, by Martha Finley,
$1.25.- A Little Girl in Old San Francisco, by Amanda
M. Douglas, $1.50.- Patty in the City, by Carolyn
Wells, illus., $1.25.- Five Children and It, by E. Nes-
bit, illus., $1.50. (Dodd, Mead & Co.)
The Queen's Page, by Cornelia Baker, illus. in color by
Fanny Y. Cory, $1.25. - The Story of the Lost Doll, by
Josephine Scribner Gates, illus. by Virginia Keep, $1.
net. At the Big House, by Anna Virginia Culbertson,
new edition, illus. in color, $1.25. - Father Goose: His
Book, by L. Frank Baum, illus. in color by W. W.
Denslow, new edition, $1.25.-Mother Goose in Prose,
by L. Frank Baum, illus. by Maxfield Parrish, new
edition, $1.25. (Bobbs-Merrill Co.)
The Red Book of Romance, edited by Andrew Lang,
Illus. in color, etc., by H. J. Ford, $1.60 net. - The Gol-
liwogg's Fox Hunt, pictures in color by Florence K.
Upton, verses by Bertha Upton, $2. (Longmans, Green,
& Co.)
Little Mother and Georgie, by Gertrude Smith, illus. in
color, $1.30 net.-- Wee Winkles and "Wideawake, by
Gabrielle E. Jackson, illus. in color, $1.25.- For the
Mikado, by Kirk Munroe, Illus., $1.25. (Harper &
Brothers.)
Una and the Red Cross Knight, and other tales from
Spenser's Faerie Queene, retold by N. G. Royde Smith,
illus. in color, etc., by F. H. Robinson, $2.50.- Natural
History for Young People, by Rev. Theodore Wood,
F.E.S., illus. in color, etc., $2.50.- Defoe's Robinson
Crusoe, illus. in color, etc., by J. A. Symington, $2.50.
- Child Characters from Dickens, retold by L. L.
Weedon, illus. in color, etc., by Arthur A. Dixon, $2.50.
-The Fairy Bird and Piggy Wig, and other stories,
written and illus. by Mabel Chadburn, $2.- The Chil-
dren's Christmas Treasury of Things New and old,
edited by Edward Hutton, illus. in color, etc., $2.-
- A Gay Dog, pictured by Cecil Aldin, $1.50.- The
Old Woman Who Rode on a Broom, illus. in color by
T. Butler Stoney, $1.25. - Jumbo Crusoe, pictures in
color, $1.25.—Bold Robin and his Forest Rangers, by
Caroline Brown, illus. in color, $1.25.- Told to the
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(E. P. Dutton & Co.)
The Rollo Books, by Jacob Abbott, new edition, with all
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fort Chums, by Edwin L. Sabin, illus., $1.- The Family
on Wheels, by J. MacDonald Oxley, illus., 75 cts.- The
Story of the Big Front Door, by Mary F. Leonard,
illus., 75 cts.- Children's Favorite Classics, new vols.:
Stories from Plutarch, by F. Jameson Rowbotham;
Stories from Wagner, by J. Walker McSpadden; each
illus. in color, etc., 60 cts. (T. Y. Crowell & Co.)
New Games and Amusements, by Meredith Nugent and
Victor J. Smedley, illus., $1.50 net.- The Golden Heart,
by Violet Jacob, illus., $1.25 net.-- The Child's Rainy
Day Book, by Mary White Talbot, illus., $1. net. -
Myths Every Child Should Know, edited by Hamilton
Wright Mabie, illus., 90 cts. net. (Doubleday, Page
& Co.)
Queen Zixi of Ix, by L. Frank Baum, illus. in color,
etc., $1.50.- Captain Myles Standish, by Tudor Jenks,
illus., $1.20 net.- Pinkey Perkins, just a boy,' by
Capt. Harold Hammond, U. S. A., illus., $1.50. (Cen-
tury Co.)
Verses for Jock and Joan, by Helen Hay, illus. in color
by Charlotte Harding, $1.50.- Doubledarling and the
Dream Spinner, by Mrs. Candace Wheeler, illus. in
color, $1.50.- More Adventures of the Happy Heart
Family, by Virginia Gerson, illus, in color by the
author, $1. (Fox, Duffield & Co.)
The Peter Newell Mother Goose, illus. by Peter Newell,
with introduction by Carolyn Sherwin Bailey - The
Wizards of Ryetown, by Constance Smedley and L. A.
Talbot, illus. (Henry Holt & Co.)
The Adventures of Harry Rochester, a tale of the days
of Marlborough and Eugene, by Herbert Strang, illus.,
$1.50.- In Fairyland, tales told again, by Loney Chis-
holm, illus. in color, $3.- The Treasure Book of Verse,
chosen and arranged by Anna C. Brackett and Ida M.
Elliot, illus., $1.50.-The Fairy Library, collected and
edited by Joseph Jacobs, new vols. ; Celtic Fairy Tales,
and More Celtic Fairy Tales, illus., per vol., $1.25.
(G. P. Putnam's Sons.)
Amazing Adventures of a Sailor, a Darky, and a China-
man, drawn in color by Harry B. Neilson, text by S.
Baring Gould, $1.50.- With the Beggars of the Sea,
a tale of Dutch history, by Edgar Pickering, illus.,
$1.50.- Topsy-Turvy, Mother Goose jingles turned about,
illus. in color by W. Gunn Gwennet, $1.- The Pie and
the Patty-Pan, a story of a little cat and a little dog,
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cts.- Giddy-go-Round, a tale of a wooden horse, told
and illus. in color by Madeline Hall, 80 cts. - Tho
Tale of Tiggywinkle, written and illus. in color by
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HARPER'S NEW PUBLICATIONS
EDITORIAL WILD OATS
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sons. Among the stories are “Journalism in Ten as an important part to play in the love affairs of
nessee," "My First Literary
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Item,” “How I Edited an
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ist's well-known writings.
The author, a prominent German naturalist,
predecessors.
Illustrated$1.00. with the aid of over one hundred assistants,
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gathered in tropical Africa the materials
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Germany and the most remarkable study of
THE LINE the life of wild animals that has ever been REBECCA
OF LOVE
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MARY
ling and unique photographs, taken with
By JAMES BRANCH special apparatus for long-range work and By ANNIE HAMILTON
CABELL
at night by flash-light, showing wild animals
DONNELL
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A group of exquisite, me-
much novel information, and is of graphic
Here is something out of
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volume that must win the read like fairy tales.
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Vol. XXXIX.
CONTENTS.
PAGB
THE CASE OF THE DRAMA
195
THE PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION.
Helen Blair
Emma
196
MEMORIES OF BAYARD TAYLOR.
Bicknell
Percy F.
200
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THE ART OF MINIATURES. Charles Henry Hart 202
A BOOK OF LITERARY HERETICS. Edith J. R.
Isaacs
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Now that the playhouses are fairly started
upon a new season of enterprise, and we begin
to get some notion, from managers and press
agents, of the sort of dramatic fare the coming
year is likely to provide for our nutriment, à
few random comments upon the case of the
drama may not be impertinent. That the case
is a bad one, speaking, of course, for our own
country, and for England incidentally, it takes
no expert diagnosis to discover. The ailment
is chronic, and the conditions thus far are sub-
stantially those of last year, and of many years
preceding. The theatrical menus vary in ap-
pearance, but their offerings are of the same
pastry and syllabub which spell indigestion
and worse. We have in prospect the same suc-
cession of trick dramas, and tailor-made dramas,
of dramas made to fit the mannerisms of par-
ticular actors, of dramas — Heaven save the
mark! — whose most noteworthy feature is
that they are without any possible pretension
to be reckoned as products of dramatic art.
Plus ça change, plus c'est même chose, but
we supinely accept what our lords of the syn-
dicate deign to give us, and utter no word
of effective protest.
Of the summer season that is past, and of
summer seasons in general, we are not minded
to make much account. The summer months
are proverbially abandoned to silliness, and the
stage does no more than enter into the spirit
of the hour. It may be admitted that the sum-
mer playhouse easily leads all its allied agencies
of entertainment or distraction in competing
for the palm bestowed upon inanity, and that
some of the theatrical concoctions of recent
years have attained a depth of imbecile vul-
garity that one would have held impossible
without the ocular and auditory proof. But
leaving the silly season to its own peculiar
pravity in things dramatic, we may at least be
permitted to voice the concern with which all
seriously-minded people view the abandonment
of wellnigh our whole theatrical year to
the shows of frivolity, the widespread prosti-
tution of the drama to uses that, if not abso-
lutely base, are unworthy of the traditions and
the possibilities of that noble art. What with
the greed and vanity of performers, and the
sordid commercialism of managers, considera-
tions of art have small chance to prevail, and
•
.
JOHN KNOX, HERO OR VILLAIN? Charles H.
Cooper
206
.
RECENT FICTION. William Morton Payne 207
Madame de Longarde's Sawdust. — The Trident
and the Net. — Pemberton's The Hundred Days.
Gwynne's The Bandolero. — Eggleston's A
Daughter of the South.—Dickson's The Ravanels.
- Heigh's The House of Cards. — Wilson's The
Boss of Little Arcady.
.
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
209
The winning of Oregon. — The people of the
Emerald Isle. - The noble St. Lawrence. An
anecdotal retrospect. — Local history of an ancient
English town. - Letters of a schoolmaster. – New
text-book of the elements of political economy.-
Goldwin Smith's memories of Gladstone.
NOTES
212
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS
. 213
.
LIST OF NEW BOOKS
214
.


196
(Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
still less considerations of ethical and educa er function. Meanwhile the public, which is
tional responsibility.
the least culpable of the parties concerned —
For the situation, as we so often have said although severely enough censurable for its
before, is simply this: In every considerable easy-going acceptance of things as they are
country of continental Europe, the drama of suffers at the worst a degradation of all its
to-day has its rightful place in literature by the standards of taste and morals, at the best a
side of the novel and the poem. It is a vital sort of slow spiritual starvation.
mode of expression, and enlists in its service We have thus sought to set forth existing
the most penetrating intellect and the highest conditions without much notion of suggesting
creative activity. It takes for its province all a remedy. No remedy can be expected to oper-
the manifestations of the spirit, and shrinks ate otherwise than by slow degrees, and by in-
from the envisagement of no serious human fuences gradually radiating from nuclei of
relation. It moves with the stream of contem earnest and self-sacrificing endeavor. Such a
poraneous tendency, and contributes a large nucleus might be provided by a subsidized
element to the total volume of literary energy. enterprise, under intelligent direction, under-
It constantly produces work that is not only taken either by public effort or private
seen upon the stage, but is also published and initiative. Such a nucleus already exists
widely read as a form of literature. In Eng- wherever a company of actors is found in any-
land and America, on the other hand, the thing like a permanent organization, working
drama has lost its vitality, and become little for a common interest and sharing a common
more than a low form of stagecraft. It has pride. Such a nucleus would be found in any
repelled the advances of those who might be writer of genius, mastering the technique of
makers of genuine dramatic literature, and dramatic composition, fixed in his determina-
driven them into the field of the closet drama. tion to make no concessions to a meretricious
It has narrowed its outlook to the superficial- taste, and endowed with a fair measure of prac-
ities of life, rejecting the essence and keeping tical good sense. The signs are not wholly
in view the trappings alone. Its products are lacking of the appearance of such nuclei,
rarely found worth publishing in books, for and of the crystallization of strengthening
they will not bear the scrutiny of reflective elements about them. And wherever they
minds. For the future historian of our present come into view, wherever something worth
day literature, the acting drama will be liter-doing is seriously attempted, there is usually
ally non-existent, since it will not be discover-
a gratifying response in the way of sub-
able in printed form, and those who have stantial support. This is the encouraging
known it by actual contact will not have found feature of the seemingly hopeless case of our
it worth remembering. To put the case con drama; this is the promising fact that nega-
cretely, the coming chronicler and critic of the tives the time-worn managerial plea that the
dramatic annals of the later nineteenth century public is given what it demands. We believe
will find abundant material for philosophical that our commercialized showmen underesti-
comment and analysis in the writings of such mate the public intelligence and capacity, and
Europeans as Messrs. Ibsen, Björnson, Haupt- that this is the capital cause of a condition
mann, Sudermann, d'Annunzio, Echegaray, in things theatrical that we cannot too early
Augier, Dumas, and Maeterlinck; but when or too insistently attempt to reform.
he turns to England, he will find no metal
more attractive than the plays of Messrs. Phil-
lips and Pinero and Jones, and America will
(rather shamefacedly, we should imagine)
THE PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION.
point to Messrs. Augustus Thomas and Clyde
Fitch, and say, 'These are my jewels.'
The prevailing interest in historical study and
We have grown so accustomed to this un research, and the great extent of the field in
fortunate condition of affairs that few of us
which historical students are at work, emphasize
realize its appalling significance. The present both the need of good translations of matter in
régime seems to work smoothly enough; the foreign languages and the melancholy lack of
managers get the money, the actors get the them. Few historical students or editors or
applause, and the public gets the entertain- writers have the leisure or linguistic ability to
ment. All these parties to the system play into make all their own translations, especially
each other's hands, while the critics, for the when, as often happens, the matter they wish
most part, accept the situation complacently, to use is in three or four different languages, or
making the best of a bad business, now and when a book or document is located in some dis-
then feebly protesting against some conspicu- tant library; and thus they are forced to depend
ous offense, but on the whole letting well more or less upon the aid of others. There are
enough alone, and weakly abdicating their prop- plenty of would-be translators and alleged trans-


1905.]
197
THE DIAL
lations, but most of them seem to be lucus a non the diary of a French voyageur, or the relation
lucendo; and he who depends on them is too of a Spanish soldier, who, though he may be a
often disappointed, injured, and (in this case keen observer of savage character or customs,
righteously) exasperated. It would seem that has often but very meagre knowledge of punc-
he might reasonably expect a good English tuation, spelling, and the proper sequence of
translation of a document in a language that he tenses. Many questions arise which concern
does not know, from a successful instructor or matters of fact, of historical or scientific accur-
a 'star' student in the language department of acy, rather than of grammar or idiom; and
a university, or from an official translator in a here guesses will not do, although they are
government bureau, or from a talented and made often enough to justify the saying, “ Fools
educated person who has resided abroad for rush in where angels fear to tread.'. Nor will
years and is considered a master of one or more merely literary or linguistic ability avail to
foreign languages; but any one of these may be make a good translation of matter which is more
a dismal failure when thorough and accurate than a simple description or narrative. Matters
translation is required.
political, commercial, ecclesiastical, or ethno-
The causes of this deficiency would form a logical, complicate the task, and require for
curious and interesting study; they are, of their elucidation an 'all-round' training-
course, partly matters of experience and prac-worldly experience, a knowledge of affairs, and
tice, but among them appear certain psycho- acquaintance with human nature. These same
logical factors, some of which are of the unex qualifications are needed for another and highly
pected sort. The practical difficulties of the important part of the translator's work, the
historical translator are, it is true, very great; ability to supply what is lacking in the author's
and no one can better appreciate these than does words, and even sometimes in his thought — a
a competent translator, or the experienced stu- need which often arises in documents that were
dent or writer who must have an accurate ren written at certain periods, or by persons of
dering of a document. The earlier its date, the peculiar temperament, or those of deficient
more will linguistic forms vary; and archaic, education.
education. To pick up the dropped threads in
obsolete, provincial, and foreign words are apt such cases, and weave them into the pattern
to spring up like weeds along the translator's aright, is a delicate task, and is too often
path. He finds astonishing variations of proper bungled or entirely neglected.
names, especially those of places and of aborigi The majority of translators display painfully
nal tribes, which, usually recorded in more or inadequate qualifications and equipment for this
less phonetic form by writers unfamiliar with work. Too many persons have the mistaken idea
the language to which these belong, and often that a respectable grammatical and linguistic
received at second or third hand from natives of knowledge of a foreign tongue is sufficient for
other tribes, or from illiterate traders or soldiers, its translation; but this is only the beginning.
require for their identification both a natural Even more necessary is a thorough knowledge of
perception of phonetic values and a well-trained the English language command of its re-
ear. He encounters, too, many words denoting sources, a large vocabulary, familiarity with its
foreign plants, animals, weights and measures,
fine shades of meaning, good taste in the selec-
moneys, weapons, industries, customs, peculiar tion of words, directness and simplicity of con-
institutions, official titles, and what not, that are struction, and clear and concise expression.
new and strange to him, and often cannot be Many translators seem quite unable to grasp a
found in the usual standard lexicons, but on sentence or paragraph as a whole, or to perceive
which he must obtain some information in order the relations between several of these. Often it
to make his English version intelligible. Often is impossible to obtain the real meaning of
he cannot understand a geographical description a phrase or sentence except when it is seen in
without tracing a route or exploring an archi the light of its context; and a single idea or
pelago on the map. Some valuable writings were statement may dominate or color a long account
made by unlettered men, who had but slight or exposition. Idiomatic expressions form a
knowledge of the mysteries of grammar and most difficult feature of translation; and yet its
rhetoric, and whose spelling was French or Ger- quality and force depend greatly on the way in
as she is wrote’; and it often requires which these are handled. Often the author's
much care and patience to ascertain just what thought needs some expansion in order to make
they meant to say. Documents of this sort have it clear in English; but the translator must be-
a singular and fascinating attraction for one ware of reading into the text his own ideas, and
who can appreciate their human interest, and too free rendering is a stone over which many
can see the picturesque and dramatic aspects of stumble, -as also is the opposite fault, that of
history; but educated and scholarly persons following with wooden literalness the words and
often turn with impatience and annoyance from syntactical peculiarities of the text. The trans-
6
man


198
(Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
lator may here have to walk 'between the devil Joloes came here with chamois-skins'; it should
and the deep sea'; but the path is straight, even be rendered, the Joloans made raids among the
if it be narrow. Few translators seem to appre- Camucones. Another translator placed in the
ciate the importance of preserving, when possi- mouth of a Roman Catholic priest the words of
ble, the rhetorical figures of the original; these a quotation from the Bible in the rendering of
adá tone and piquancy to the English rendering. the King James version - at once a soleciem
Translations which might otherwise have some and an anachronism, as the priest's letter was
merit are frequently marred by faults like the written two years before that version was pub-
following: clumsy, involved, or too long sen lished. Lord Stanley's translation of Pigafet-
tences; unnecessary verbiage; too abrupt and ta's Voyage (Hakluyt Society's publications)
staccato a style; colloquial expressions in the furnishes some rather surprising slips of this
midst of dignified speech; solecisms and ana sort; couteaux et forces is rendered ‘knives and
chronisms; too literal rendering of foreign forks' instead of knives and scissors'; est de
idioms, and even failure to see that they are la longueur d'un naveau, ‘is of the length of a
idioms; illogical order of words or sequence of shuttle, instead of 'is as long as a turnip' (in
ideas; too many indirect grammatical construc describing the potato); both of these plainly
tions, which render the thought vague and weak jumping at conclusions. In one of Piga-
in expression; lavish use of pronouns with an fetta’s vocabularies, he says, La pouldre
tecedents unexpressed; tautology, alliteration, dherbe qui mangent = capac; Stanley makes
and uneuphonious combinations, and even con this, La pouldre dherbe=qui; mangent=
siderable omissions of matter that is in the text.
capac.
Most of these are very obvious faults, and their But words fail us to characterize properly
mention may seem to some superfluous; but the such naive statements as these: ‘I will send you
following instances, actually encountered in advices by the next Japanese steamer' (written
editorial work, show that these suggestions in 1594); or 'In summer the inhabitants of
are not altogether unnecessary.
Cape Breton Island live very well on parrots and
Some mistakes may be what our foreign monkeys '; or this astounding exhortation from
cousins call : errors of distraction, such as
a priest to his brother, 'Let your heart collapse
translating marfil as 'marble’; nombre
‘marble'; nombre de with the outbursts of love that you eject toward
Jesus, "number of Jesus' (on a map of 1791); the Divine Goodness.' And it is difficult to un-
guevos, ‘guavas ’; ‘he caused his own head to be
derstand the mental process by which the follow-
cut off' (cabello being mistaken for cabeza); ing sentence was regarded as a translation of the
'he sent for food a hundred salted cows.
words, Quatro galeras tengo en el agua y chusma
But not as much can be said for such as
para ellas de buenas boyas a sueldo aunque mala
these: ‘fastidious (pesadas) assaults upon her
yessa — I have four galleys in the water, and
virtue’; 'a salutatious method’; there is lumber therefor of good buoyancy, at a good
much and many good things to be said about price, although there is but poor gypsum’;
them'; ' anointing her with holy water';
it should read, 'I have launched four galleys,
'mainlands that nobody had as yet found and have for them a gang of voluntary paid
out'; 'which matters it is very important to
rowers, although a poor one. Even that -
remedy, in order to avoid present tendencies
After all these things, come the psycholog-
going still further' (should be, 'these matters
ical qualifications of a good translator; 'and
should be considered, and some corrective be
found to avoid further difficulties'); it is
the greatest of these,' yet the one most often
necessary, in very truth, that it be endeavored conspicuous by its absence, is imagination—an
to have this and to attain it' (should be, apparent paradox where rigid accuracy is re-
“that an earnest effort be made to maintain quired, yet that faculty is really a prime
what we now hold'); thus the sentinels requisite for the best work in translation. Often
cannot be held in check, nor the good collec-
the true meaning of the original depends upon
tions, which are necessary' (should be on the writer's profession, or his peculiar environ-
this account cannot maintain sentinel ment, or his attitude toward the subject of
duty or the necessary precautions ').
which he writes, or his own personal tempera-
Still worse are such mistakes as these:
ment; and to understand it the translator
tain statement of receipts and expenditures needs the historical imagination which enables
showed that the latter far exceeded the former; him to picture to himself the scenes and per-
at the end was the statement, 'the usual debt of sons of a bygone day or a foreign land, to put
the treasury is —- dollars annually,' which was himself into the writer's place, and to see men
translated the balance in the treasury every and things through the latter's eyes. No less
year should be — dollars.' Los Ioloes hicieron important for the translator are a sympathetic
entradas en
was translated, the insight which reveals to him the author's
we
A cer-
сат сопеѕ


1905.]
199
THE DIAL
methods of thought and feeling, and entire The universities and larger colleges may well
candor and freedom from prejudice; thus he be expected to do much toward equipping their
can make the writer speak to the reader as if students for creditable work as translators, edi-
with his own and living voice. To this end, the tors, and writers. To a certain extent, this is
translator must forget himself, and let his pen undoubtedly accomplished; but the results are
be moved by the writer's spirit; his main effort still far from satisfactory. In too many cases,
should be to reproduce the text, as nearly as the student emerges from his academic life
possible, in such phrase and style as the author firmly grasping the skeleton only of a language
himself would have used if he had written in (the English not excepted), and as firmly be-
our language. Quick insight, delicate percep- lieving, like Don Quixote, that he is embracing
tion, and fine intuition are most valuable in a his Dulcinea, “queen of beauty'—and some-
translator's equipment; and as necessary in this times even the skeleton soon becomes but dis-
work as in all others are patience, enthusiasm, jecta membra. What is the use of spending
and high ideals.
six to nine years on the syntax, phonetics, phil-
The methods of the modern historical school ology, and what not, of a language, unless one
render continually more requisite, and more
can make it alive in his own thought, and rec-
imperatively demand, students qualified to make ognize the truth (as profound as simple) that
scholarly investigations, whose work shall bė | language is the expression of thought? and, of
thorough, accurate, and reliable; and who can still more importance, that all the languages
present its results in such form as to be credit are but variations of the one universal lan-
able to themselves and acceptable to scholars. guage, the varying methods , of expressing
Such work ought to be done so well that it thought? The above-named accidents of
need not be compared, verified, and revised to language, without this result, constitute 'a
make it fit for use; but most editors and writers vicious circle,' in which too many students
know only too well how rarely it can be found. hopelessly revolve. Cannot the universities
The lack of such revision, and too ready confi and colleges establish special courses for seniors
dence in one's assistants, have, as we all know, and graduates in which they can learn these
brought clouds upon the scholarly reputation things to somewhat better advantage than at
of more than one writer. Even in the minor present; which—not forgetting, however, that
matters of grammatical correctness, typograph- the best editors and translators are, like the
ical style, and handwriting, there are glaring poet, ‘born, not made '—shall train them in the
deficiencies. The woods are full of Ph.D.'s simple, clear, and accurate presentation of
whose handwriting is almost undecipherable, thought, whether their own or another's, and,
whose punctuation is utterly erratic, and whose in the latter case, at once with impartiality and
English is atrocious; and some cannot even sympathy? This would be a valuable and dis-
write a hundred words without misspelling tinct gain to scholarship, and as well to the
some of them. In view of these undisputed general reading public, which more and more
facts, and considering that most of the indis avails itself of the results of that scholarship,
cretions of translation above cited (but a few, and depends thereon as a basis for forming
alas! out of the dreary many that are com its own conclusions as to events, affairs, and
mitted) were written by advanced graduate
EMMA HELEN BLAIR.
students in universities, it would seem that
especial pains should be taken, somewhere in a
An important historical work will be issued
student's collegiate course, to ensure his being shortly by the Arthur H. Clark Company of Cleve.
able, when he takes his A.M. (and still more land in Pigafetta's ' Account of Magellan's Voyage
his Ph.D.) degree, to write a translation, a
around the World.' The original and complete
magazine article, or a thesis, in at least respect. | English translation and notes by. Mr. James A.
Italian text will be presented, with a page-for-page
able English style and handwriting, so that it Robertson, and facsimiles of the original plates and
can be printed as it stands without disgracing maps. Pigafetta is the best and fullest authority
him in those regards. Most advanced students,
for Magellan's Voyage, and is here completely pre.
sented in English for the first time. The same
too, in any college of letters and arts, expect to
firm has just issued an interesting volume dealing
do more or less literary or historical writing; with early Illinois history, entitled 'Early Western
this is demanded by their work, is in every
Travels in Illinois: 1818-1821.' This comprises
way desirable for their professional success,
four contemporary accounts of the exploration and
settlement of the Illinois country, written by
and is in many cases regarded as necessary proof Thomas Hulme, Richard Flower, and John Woods.
of a man's ability and intellectual strength. These travelers were keen observers of conditions
Translation alone, without original work,
in the Middle West, and their narratives contain
valuable observations on the face of the country,
affords congenial and honorable occupation for
prospects of new towns, early pioneers, and prices
qualified persons.
and wages.
men.


200
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
.
in Palestine, but was induced by the Prussian
The New Books.
Minister at Constantinople to make the trip to
Alexandria, met on the steamer which ran from
Smyrna to the latter port. Both travellers, the
MEMORIES OF BAYARD TAYLOR.* German and the American, although far removed
in age, felt attracted to each other at once, and
* This volume hath a pleasant look; its air formed a friendship which lasted as long as they
nimbly and sweetly recommends itself unto our lived. . On his return my uncle never tired
gentle senses.' Thus, in slightly modified of talking of his young American travelling com-
Shakespearian language, one greets Mrs. Bay- panion, and thus we learned that he was seeking to
recover in foreign countries from the deep wound
ard Taylor's attractive book, On Two Conti. which fate had dealt him in the loss of his first
nents. Nor does the promise of hospitable en love, to whom he had been wedded on her death-
tertainment prove fallacious, as it so signally
bed. We were all anxious to make the young man's
did in Duncan's case on entering Macbeth's cas-
acquaintance, and when in September, 1852, he came
tle at Inverness. Mrs. Taylor's antecedents, family in all its branches were opened to welcome
in fulfilment of his promise, the houses of the
environment, and personal traits, all have con him in the most hospitable manner, and even in
tributed to make her the very sort of person one
more remote circles the appearance of this much-
would most like to hear chat on the subjects she
travelled stranger created a sensation. All who
came in contact with him were attracted toward
has chosen.
him, and he, for his part, in spite of the inherited
Her father, the well-known astronomer Peter reserve of his nature, was warm in praise of Ger-
Andreas Hansen, an interesting character and a
man Gemüthlichkeit. This quality was even in.
man of rare intellectual powers, was director of
herent in his own blood, as the ancestors of both
his grandmothers had been German colonists. He
the ducal observatory at Gotha, being Encke's
was at that time twenty-seven years old, his tall
:successor in that position. It will sufficiently figure was still slender, his oval face deeply browned
indicate his quality to say of him here that,
by the sun of the Orient. He gave the impression
though largely self-educated, this sturdy son of
of an unusual, unspoiled, good and noble man, and
humble Danish parents would sometimes aston-
thus he remained in my memory. I knew him but
slightly at that time, as I met him only at the
ish his daughter by reciting, with much elo various dinners which were given in his honor by
quence, odes from Horace, as he must have the family. That he would be my future husband
equally surprised the astronomer Gauss by show-
did not enter my mind; nor did I seem to make
ing that he could repeat the Göttingen profes-
any deep impression upon him.'
sor's tables of logarithms without the book. The circumstances attending the marriage of
Skilled in languages and music, he delighted in Bayard Taylor and Marie Hansen, in the
“ Frithiof's Saga,' and executed classical mas-
autumn of 1857, and the difficulty over the lack-
terpieces on organ and piano. The mother was ing baptismal certificate, without which the
almost as remarkable in her way as the father in banns could not lawfully be published, are curi-
his. A beauty in her youth, she was descended ously like the incidents relating to another Ger-
from a stalwart line of Nimrods, huntsmen to man-American alliance recorded by ex-Ambas-
the Duke of Saxe-Gotha and Altenburg (now sador White in his recent reminiscences. But
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha). The father of this lady the difference in dates forbids their identifica-
rose to be Forstmeister to Duke August.
tion. The bride's first impressions of her
The customs of Mrs. Taylor's girlhood, and adopted country are pleasantly given—so pleas-
her own dread of earning the reputation of a
antly, indeed, that even readers not yet aged
blue-stocking, forced her to make her intellec- may be pardoned a sigh for the good old times
tual acquisitions in secret. Of her literary abil- before immigration and plutocracy and strenu-
ity, the reading public has already had proof in osity had combined to transform the ancient
the 'Life and Letters' of her husband, the order of things. Referring to her first winter
joint production of herself and Mr. Scudder. in New York, Mrs. Taylor writes:
This work is sufficiently well known to make "Poets, authors and artists were welcomed in our
here unnecessary any outline of her and her hospitable house, and Stoddard wrote in later years
husband's life together, the main theme of her
of that time: "We were a nest of singing birds."
George H. Boker, whose drama “Francesca da
present volume. Of the first meeting of these
Rimini” was just being enacted, sometimes dropped
two, let the wife tell the story in her own words. in from Philadelphia; T. B. Aldrich, who had made
'In the autumn of 1851 my mother's brother his début as a poet, was a frequent guest, and Ed.
in-law, the landholder August Bufleb, made a jour mund Clarence Stedman soon after became a mem-
ney to the Orient, an undertaking 'so unusual in ber of our circle and one of our nearest friends.
those days that it created quite an excitement in
Charles G. Leland, the painter Thomas
our little town. At the same time my future hus Hicks, with their wives, Fitz-Hugh Ludlow and his
band, Bayard Taylor, was also on his way to Egypt. wife (afterward Mrs. Albert Bierstadt), belonged
He and my uncle, who at first intended to travel to our inner coterie, to which were later added
Jervis McEntee and his charming wife, and San-
• ON Two CONTINENTS. Memories of Half a century.
ford R. Gifford, both landscape painters and genial
By Marie Hansen Taylor, with the coöperation of Lilian
Bayard Taylor Kiliani. Illustrated. New York: Double men. Another guest of the early times was Orlando
day, Page & Co.
W. Wight (the translator of "Heloise and Abe-


1905.]
201
THE DIAL
lard”), who had a funny habit, when addressing An interesting chapter is devoted to Taylor's.
anyone, of laying his white-gloved hand upon his
heart with a sigh and a flourish.'
year at St. Petersburg, first as Secretary of
Those were halcyon days for lyceum lecturers, Cameron's absence. In the critical state of our
Legation, then as Chargé d'Affaires in Minister
and Bayard Taylor was one of the most popular.country at that time (1862-3), the post held by
Country folk drove untold miles to hear him, Taylor was one of responsibility.
and his rapidly accumulating fees soon built
'It was necessary, in the face of any reverses.
him his fifteen-thousand-dollar country house at that the Union army might suffer, to preserve the
Kennett Square, Pennsylvania. A passage from confidence of the Russian Government (hitherto the
one of the lecturer's early letters to his wife con only friendly power) in the final victory of the
veys an idea of his fame in the land.
North. As Taylor himself was firmly convinced of
the certainty of this ultimate triumph, he at length
"You would never guess that merchants, livery-
stable keepers, mechanics and day laborers are
succeeded, after several long and very interesting.
interviews with Prince Gortchacow, in enlisting the
among my admirers. The crowd was composed en-
sympathies of this astute diplomat entirely on the
tirely of sueh. The baggageman on the train said side of the Federal Government, and in firmly es-
to everybody, “B. T. is in the car he is a big tablishing the friendship of the two powers — Russia
writer.»
"What did he write" asked a man.
and the United States.
“I don't know what it was,” was the reply, “but
In these diplomatic con-
he's the biggest kind of a writer!'
versations the personal magnetism which my hus-
band possessed in so great a measure may perhaps:
Queer names often came to Taylor's notice in
have contributed not a little to this result.'
his Western tours. Worth recording is the In 1878, the year of the Berlin Congress,
Christian name Lettice in conjunction with the Taylor was appointed Minister to Germany.
surname Pray, an actual combination designat- During the summer months he sent frequent
ing a real woman, as the reader is assured. A letters from Berlin to his wife in the country.
man once introduced his little son to the lec Here is one of them :
turer in this wise: 'We call him Napoleon, and *İ burst into a laugh over your misgivings with
his little sister we have named St. Helena, after regard to the dinner at Bunsen's. If you go on,
Napoleon's wife.' Before dropping the subject you will finally be as bad as Neander's sister, and
of human oddities, room must be made for the
will telegraph me every morning to put on my
trousers before going into the street As if I
old spinster of good Quaker family whom Mrs.
could forget it! No; and I shall long remember
Taylor knew at Kennett Square. This maiden it. I like Bunsen more and more; I was first there,
lady, with even more than Quaker thrift, for met his wife and both daughters, and then came
years was wont to use as a bread-trough the
Helmholtz! While I was telling him that I counted
coffin she had caused to be prepared for her
on his aid for material for my Biography of Goethe,
the door opened, and Lepsius appeared. Hardly
burial — when she should no longer need bread, had I greeted him, when there was a new arrival
one is tempted frivolously to add.
Minister Waddington, of the Republic of France,
Many matters so agreeably touched on in
and one of the most simple, genial, and agreeable
Stoddard's 'Recollections' here recur with a
of men. Then Herr v. Norman, adjutant (or some-
change of costume - or, rather, are presented
thing else) of the Crown Princess, whom I recog.
nized at once, having met him years ago at Holtzen-
from a new point of view. The subjoined pas dorff's in Gotha; next Curtius, and finally Momm-
sen!
sage is of interest in this connection:
I
We had a beautiful, delightful dinner.
• Each Sunday evening we
sat between Frau and Fräulein v. Bunsen, with
saw a small select
circle of friends congregate in our rooms.
Curtius next on my right, and Lepsius and Helm-
The
Stoddards, Stedmans, McEntees, Aldrich, Launt
holtz opposite. I think I knitted the ends of
Thompson, the Grahams, were habitués, to whom
friendly intercourse around all three. Curtius prom-
were often added the two Cranches, Fitz-Hugh
ised to send me photographs of the Olympia statues;
Ludlow and wife, Sanford Gifford, and sometimes
and when I said that you would also be delighted
Edwin Booth and others. These evenings were en-
to see them, he asked whether you had a special
livened by the “Diversions,” which in later years
interest for classic art. So I spoke of your resi-
Bayard Taylor published in amplified form in the
dence in Rome with your uncle [Emil Braun, archæ-
“Echo Club," and which afforded an entertain-
ologist, and author of "The Ruins and Museums:
ment sparkling with wit and humor. This amuse-
of Rome''], and when I mentioned his name there
ment was the continuation of a jeu d'esprit that
was a general outburst of enthusiasm. All three
originated in the middle of the fifties, when the
had known him personally, loved him, and were
trio of poets, Stoddard, Taylor, and Fitz-James
full of pietät for his character and knowledge.
O'Brien, vied in the exuberance of their imagina-
I had afterwards a long talk with Wad-
The
tion with each other in the production of short
dington, and a short one with Mommsen.
comic poems whenever they met in Stoddard's
evening was perfectly inspiring to me.
quarters. These poetic gymnastics, supplemented by
To-morrow evening I am invited to meet the Con-
parodies of noted poets, were a never-failing source
gress at Lord Odo's, and Wednesday evening at
of the most delightful entertainment. As soon as
Count Carolyi's. Cards come in by the dozen, and
one of our sons of the Muses had finished his in-
I scatter mine punctually in return.'
spiration of the moment, he read it aloud amid the Mrs. Taylor likes a good story, and her book
laughing applause of his hearers, who were never
abounds in quotable anecdotes. Here is one
at fault in guessing the poet he had parodied, so
unmistakable was the imitation of the principal
from her father's repertorium. The poet Oeh-
characteristics of his poetic expression.'
lenschläger, with whom he had been acquainted


202
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
6
in his youth at Copenhagen, was once bored by accurate. They also so plainly showed the want
an uncongenial admirer, an insignificant young of technical knowledge on the part of their
man who, after obtaining an introduction, authors, a knowledge absolutely necessary when
begged to be allowed to call upon the author at writing upon any scientific subject, that they
his lodging, and asked the address. 'I live at
were not only far from satisfying to the intelli-
390
Street,' said the poet. 'Oh!'ex gent student but quite misleading to the mere
claimed the young man, 'how can I ever re dilettante; and therefore it was a matter of
member the number?' Easily,' was the re much importance to those seriously interested
ply; 'you need only think of the Graces, the in the subject, when it was announced that Mr.
Muses, and yourself.'
Dudley Heath, a scion in the fourth generation
Mrs. Taylor's book is of handsome appear of a notable line of artists, and himself well
ance, but not impeccable in its printing - or equipped to follow them, was engaged upon a
should we say proof-reading, or even go still work on Miniatures, to be issued in the Con-
further back? Gaus,'' ésprit,” “ Fraulein,' and noisseur's Library.' The volume, now before
similar small errors, are encountered. The por us, leaves nothing of moment to be desired. It
traits and the reproductions of Taylor's paint is historical, it is technical where it should be,
ings that adorn the volume add much to its
it is scientific, it is critical; and above all it is
interest, as do also the occasional specimens, interesting from cover to cover, so that in per-
both German and English, of the poet's comic using it or in studying it one cannot help but
muse, now first published. Altogether, a more feel he is being instructively led by a writer
agreeable book of its kind could not well be
who has understood and carefully considered
imagined
PERCY F. BICKNELL. and weighed the subject upon which he treats.
Unfortunately, there are few works for which
so much as this can advisedly be said; and Mr.
Heath's treatise upon Miniatures stands out in
THE ART OF MINIATURES.*
bold relief in comparison with the many short-
Forty years ago, the South Kensington comings of his forerunners in the same field.
Museum, in London, inaugurated its series of The opening chapters of the book are devoted
exhibitions of national portraits by bringing to a consideration of the origin of the mini-
together a collection of over three thousand ature portrait, its growth in the illuminated
miniatures, chiefly British, which were not only manuscripts of the eleventh to the fifteenth
collected and arranged but catalogued by the
centuries, and the influence of the art of print-
well-known art critic and historian of art, Mr. ing on the art of the miniaturist or illuminator.
Samuel Redgrave, in a volume with an appre-
This period of art development was purely
ciative introduction upon miniature art and Continental; for in England the art of paint-
an invaluable appendix of biographical data ing hardly had an existence at the end of the
respecting the painters whose works were ex Middle Ages, and it was Hans Holbein, a Ger-
hibited. From this exhibition can be dated the
man of Augsburg, born five years after the dis-
renascence of interest in this delightful branch covery of this continent, who introduced the
of art, and its catalogue was the first contribu art of portrait miniature into Britain and with
tion to its history, so that each is entitled to
such success that she has since retained an
the meed of praise due to pioneer work. No
almost exclusive preëminence in the art. To
wide interest in the subject, however, seems to
such a degree is this true that the art of por-
have been taken for a full score of years, when, trait miniature may be considered in some
upon the publication of Dr. Lumsden Propert's ways 'exclusively an English art.' Its great-
History of Miniature Art,' with its wealth of est exponents have been Englishmen, whose
beautiful illustrations, persons of taste and of
works, while ‘limned in little,' bear compar-
means sought to gather examples of these ex ison with the greatest portraits of the world.
quisite gems, until to-day they form perhaps Yet Englishmen do not forget the German who
the most eagerly desired and the most highly introduced the beautiful art into their island,
prized collections in all the departments of the
and some few months ago they paid tribute
fine arts. This taste led to a demand for a lit-
to his art and fame by giving the unprece-
erature of the subject, which has been freely
dented sum of $13,750 for a fine miniature
supplied by the volumes of Foster and of from his hand. The pages given to Holbein by
Williamson. But these were intended to be Mr. Heath are particularly to be commended,
popular, and were built upon the false hypoth-
as they form a key to the method of the entire
esis that to be popular it is not necessary to be
work, -finely critical and judicial without
being captious and hard.
* MINIATURES. By Dudley Heath. (The Connoisseur's
Library.) Illustrated.
Mr. Heath shows great skill in marshalling
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.


1905.]
208
THE DIAL
he says:
our
and paralleling the different painters, from appreciation of Humphrey had he judged him
Hiliard and the two Olivers, father and son, by his oriental miniature portraits, which seem
representatives of the first period of portrait to be unknown to him, and without fear have
miniature of the English school, with whom the placed him next to Cooper, for his characteriza-
traditions of the illuminators may be said to tion, breadth of handling, and atmospheric
have passed away, to John Hoskins and his qualities of tone and color, which easily make
nephew Samuel Cooper, leaders in the develop- | Humphrey the first miniature painter of his
ment, under the influence of Vandyke, of the time. To many, with the glamour of Richard
seventeenth century as the greatest epoch in Cosway's dainty work in mind, this will seem
the English art of miniature portrait painting, impossible. But read what Mr. Heath has to
down through its decadence in the next century say of this idol of fashion, a view the present
to its extinction in the middle of the last cen writer has always entertained :
tury, when, with the birth of sun-pictures and
‘From the middle of the eighteenth century till
the passing away of Robertson, Newton, and the middle of the nineteenth, we have an uninter.
Ross, miniature painting as a fine art may be
rupted array of excellent miniaturists, but during
said to have taken its place among the lost
the whole of that period, and even to the present
day, the name of Richard Cosway has dominated all
arts. Mr. Heath's studies of the different
others. This prolonged and universal admiration of
painters are very skilfully drawn. Of Cooper an artist is in itself a most eloquent eulogium on
his merits, though it is not necessarily a convincing
"To Samuel Cooper must be given the proud
proof of his claim to this preëminence. That an
admiration of Cosway's style is well justified 1
position of supremacy in his art.
He ex
celled all his predecessors, and has never been
should be the first to allow, but I would also insist
that infatuation is not indicative of intelligent
equalled by any miniaturist since, far less sur-
appreciation,- that to be sensible of the charm and
passed. In fact, it is hardly too much to say that
graceful genius of a Cosway should not make us
Samuel Cooper's art contains the finest qualities insensible to the great and noble qualities of a
possible in the miniature portrait; character,. ex: Cooper. If the eighteenth century genius pleases
pression, breadth, vigour, and solidity, combined
our most sensitive tastes and appetites, the seven-
with masterly balance of light and shade, sim teenth century genius stirs our deepest sympathies
plicity and dignity of colour, and withal a grace
and appreciations. It is impossible to deny the
and nobility of treatment which more than coun-
charm which a fine Cosway possesses; its refinement,
terbalance the lack of minute finish, for which he
has sometimes been disadvantageously compared
its grace, its delicate dexterity appeal at once to
sense of the beautiful. The directness and
with Isaac Oliver.'
easy finesse of the handling, the subtle balance of
If to this analysis anything can be added, it is tone, colour, and modelling, give added power to
to note the great distinction of Cooper's por-
the expression, forcing us, as it were, to admire
what our better judgment would proclaim as insin-
traits and to emphasize more strongly his won-
Where the art of Cosway fails is in
derful breadth of treatment in so small a scale, the limitations of his inspiration or vision, He
which is the key-note to Walpole’s oft-quoted may be described as a man who had chained him-
eulogy, “If a glass could expand Cooper's pic-
self to a fetish-a standard of beauty--which
denied him the power of free vision. A face was
tures to the size of Vandyke's, they would ap to him but a mask, more or less capable of being
pear to have been painted to that proportion. conformed to his convention of the beautiful; but
If his portrait of Cromwell could be so en-
having been conformed, then he expressed himself
larged, I do not know but Vandyke would ap-
with all the grace, facility, subtlety, and charm that
were peculiar to his genius.'
pear less great by comparison. Of John
Smart, Mr. Heath writes :
This excellent criticism of Cosway's art will
Without any ostentatious
cleverness,
Smart
hardly commend itself to the twentieth century
painted with a thoroughness and delicacy which connoisseur, but if it were widely diffused
have a charm of their own, and his miniatures no among and digested by them, it might help to
doubt appealed to that less flash" portion of so reduce the traffic in spurious Cosways which to-
ciety which valued an excellent portrait more than
an idealized semblance of a person. Though the
day flood the market and find their way into
miniatures by John Smart are often considered to cabinets composed of nothing, according to the
be of exceptional merit, and at the present time view of the owner, but 'authentic and orig-
fetch fancy prices, I am inclined to think that their
inal works.'
laborious and over-modelled gradations of the flesh-
tints place them outside the category of master With a work such as this before us, there is
pieces.
a strong temptation to forget we are writing a
Ozias Humphrey, he says, 'was one of the most review of a book and not a book itself; and I
charming miniaturists of the eighteenth cen think I have gone far enough to show that Mr.
tury. ... He is certainly one of those mini Heath has done his work with exceptional
aturists whose work stands out as unique for thoroughness and skill. There is only one point
its beauty of execution, its mellowness of in which the book is singularly and unfortun-
colour and tone, and graceful arrangement. ately deficient.
The closing pages are giveu
Mr. Heath could have gone much further in his up to 'Foreign Portrait Miniaturists,' and
cere.
6


204
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
we read of Italy, Germany, and France, but not style. Mr. Chesterton is nothing if not clever,
a word of America or the United States. Can — so clever, indeed, that he anticipates all the
it be possible that a man as broad and as en reviewer's descriptions of him. For instance,
lightened as Mr. Heath does not know of us nothing would be pleasanter than to say of Mr.
and our miniature painters? Is it possible Chesterton that he is one of the most brilliant
that a man who has given so much study to and one of the most honest men alive, but that
the subject in hand has never heard of Ed we are concerned with him, not in this capacity,
ward Greene Malbone, to say nothing of the but in that of heretic,-- that is to say, a man
Peales, and Trumbull, Wood, Trott, Field, and whose philosophy is quite solid, quite coherent,
Staigg? He does not even mention John and quite wrong; nothing would be pleasanter
Singleton Copley, who lived in England from than to say this if Mr. Chesterton had not al-
1774 until his death in 1815, and painted mini- ready said it of Mr. Bernard Shaw. Again, no
atures both here and there. But is there not a
description could more aptly be applied to the
revelation and a treat in store for Mr. Heath critic than this: "The message upon which he
when he does see the best of Malbone's exquisite has really concentrated is the only thing worth
miniatures! With his fine critical sense, will worrying about in him or in any other man.
he not take off his hat and leading him by
He has often written bad poetry, like Words-
the hand place him after Cooper, shoulder
worth. He has often said silly things, like
to shoulder with Ozias Humphrey, in the
Plato. He has often given way to mere polit-
van, ahead of Richard Cosway? It is to be
ical hysteria, like Gladstone. But no one can
the writer's privilege soon to tell the history
reasonably doubt that he means steadily and
of American Miniatures so curiously over-
sincerely to say something, and the only serious
looked by Mr. Heath.
question is, What is that which he has tried to
A word must be added as to the forty-two
say?'. Unfortunately, Mr. Chesterton fore-
plates contained in the volume, few of which,
stalled such a criticism by applying it to Mr.
by the way, are bound in where the index
Rudyard Kipling.
places them. The processes employed, photo-
It is trite, as well as wrong, to say of Mr.
gravure, collotype, and three-color printing,
Chesterton that he will never be taken seriously
may be the best available for book purposes,
until he takes himself and the world more:
but none of them is satisfying for reproduc-
seriously. He believes in himself as firmly as.
ing miniatures as miniatures. All they accom-
it is possible for a man to believe whose the-
plish is to make pictures of the miniatures.
ories of life and progress are based on that very
They reduce every man's work to a technical
faith. And he believes in the world, not in
equality. They are of no help as aids to
detail, but in the mass, as cosmos. If he laughs.
study. The photogravure has the disadvan-
at Chesterton and at the world, it is the laugh:
tageous mending of the intermediary engraver;
of understanding, not of derision. His humor,
and the collotype is broken up past recall.
his paradoxes, his recurring epigrams, are not
The color-plate has no value whatever
the marks of weakness or insincerity in his
illustrating the color sense of the painter philosophy but of strength in his style. He is
whose work it reproduces; it merely gives
able to laugh because he sees things large. If
the color scheme, and that not very well.
he is weak, it is not in being funny, but in
According to the color plates in this volume,
being fallacious. It is hard to conceive of his
the sense and feeling for color of the limner of
equal in the natural instinct to feel things:
Philip the Good, in the fifteenth century, of
rightly, and the ability to twist them in the
Mansion, in the nineteenth, of Cooper and of
saying. His book would make an invaluable
Cosway, are almost precisely the same. Will
addition to the literature of logical fallacies.
not some expert experiment with reproductive
Recurring to his own question of what it is.
processes until he conquers these deficiencies ?
that he has tried to say, we find that he means,
CHARLES HENRY HART.
first and finally, that the modern affectation of
indifference to all eternal things is unprogres-
sive and debasing. When, at the beginning of
the great nineteenth century, scientists re-
A BOOK OF LITERARY HERETICS.*
nounced religion and philosophy for facts, they
Mr. Gilbert Chesterton is quite on his own made a new religion and a new philosophy for
ground in writing about Heretics. Such sub themselves. They were substituting one creed
jects as Kipling, Shaw, Whistler, H. G. Wells, for another, calling God the Final Cause. The
the new paganism, and the importance of or ultimate questions were quite as much in their
thodoxy possess brilliancy enough in themselves minds as in that of the most devout priest or
to satisfy even this arch-priest of brilliancy in the most ascetic monk. To-day nothing ulti-
* HERETICS. By Gilbert K. Chesterton. New York: John
mate is supposed to matter to anybody. As Mr..
Chesterton writes :
Lane Co.


1905.]
205
THE DIAL
We are more and more to discuss details in art, Nothing could be more false than this last
politics, literature. A man's opinion on tram-cars
matters; his opinion on Botticelli matters; his opin.
statement in the application which is made of
ion on all things does not matter. He may turn
it. Christianity was not a revolt or a develop-
over and explore a million objects, but he must not ment from Paganism, but from Judaism. That
find that strange object, the universe; for if he does Pagans became Christians did not mean that
he will have a religion and be lost. Everything Pagan virtues and ideals, transmuted into
matters, except everything. This was certainly not
the idea of those who introduced our freedom.
Christian virtues and ideals, were all of the
When the old Liberals removed the gags from all world's spiritual history. The gap, which is
the heresies, their idea was that religious and philo the largest part, is unaccounted for in Mr.
sophical discoveries might thus be made. Their
Chesterton's argument. Even in lesser things
view was that cosmic truth was so important that
In
everyone ought to bear independent testimony. The
he is careless about the use of evidence.
modern idea is that cosmic truth is so unimportant urging the beauty and the symbolism of the
that it cannot matter what anyone says.
The ritual of religion and of chivalry against the
former freed inquiry as men loose a noble hound; ritual of social usage, he says: "What can be
the latter frees inquiry as men fling back into the
sea a fish unfit for eating.'
more solemn and absurd, considered in the ab-
stract, than symbolizing the existence of the
It is certainly preposterous that in a civiliza-
other sex by taking off a portion of your cloth-
tion boastful of its progress, nobody but the ing and waving it in the air?' This is just
orists and dreamers should have any definite
the example that Mr. Chesterton would not
ideal of progress; that in a civilization proud have used, if he had remembered that taking
of its freedom, nobody thinks to define or limit
off one's hat to a lady is a remnant of the days
liberty; that in an age when everybody thinks
of chivalry when soldiers and knights doffed
his own thoughts, so few people really think their helmets to signify a truce to hostilities
anything. Mr. Chesterton is right. The most
in the presence of the opposite six.
necessary thing in the world is for men to have
On the very next page, however, Mr. Ches-
definite opinions about matters that are vital.
terton writes something so full of insight that
As a study of certain men who have definite his errors are easily forgiven.
opinions, Mr. Chesterton's book is interesting
"It is idle to inveigh against cynics and material-
in its material, and through his brilliant hand ists. There are no cynics, there are no materialists.
ling it is interesting in form. But it is not Every man is idealistic; only it so often happens
definitive, because it is not convincing. One
that he has the wrong ideal. Every man is incur-
of his most definite opinions is that science,
ably sentimental; but, unfortunately, it is so often
a false sentiment. When we talk, for instance, of
especially that science which has human nature some unscrupulous commercial figure, and say that
as one of its factors, is wrong in everything. he would do anything for money, we use quite an
With this as major premise, he argues cleverly
inaccurate expression, and we slander him very
against all theories of folk-lore, all scientific
much. He would not do anything for money. He
would do some things for money; he would sell his
philanthropy, sociology, ethnology. Science
soul for money, for instance; and, as Mirabeau
and the Savages, Sandals and Simplicity,' humorously said, he would be quite wise to “take
Mr. H. G. Wells and the Giants,' are attractive
money for muck."
He would oppress humanity
headings, and the reader who plunges into the
for money; but then it happens that humanity and
the soul are not things that he believes in; they are
discussion without expecting a trap in the first not his ideals. But he has his own dim and deli-
sentence is apt to be caught in the sparkle of cate ideals; and he would not violate these for
Mr. Chesterton's theories. Moreover, the author
money. He would not drink out of the soup-tureen,
states a wrong idea so boldly and so surely that
for money. He would not wear his coat-tails in
front, for money.
He would not spread a report
it takes a person of definite mind to contradict
that he had softening of the brain, for money. In
as in these statements :
the actual practice of life we find, in the matter of
"When the modern world praises its little Cæsars,
ideals, exactly what we have already found in the
it talks of being strong and brave; but it does not
matter of ritual. We find that while there is a
seem to see the eternal paradox involved in the
perfectly genuine danger of fanaticism from the
conjunction of these ideas. The strong cannot be
men who have unworldy ideals, the permanent and
brave; only the weak can be brave; and yet again
urgent danger of fanaticism is from the men who
in practise, only those who can be brave can be
have worldly ideals.'
trusted, in time of doubt, to be strong.'
So it is all through the book; one page
Men trust an ordinary man because they trust amuses by its originality of conception and
themselves. But men trust a great man because expression, the next provokes by its insecurity
they do not trust themselves. And hence the wor-
ship of great men always appears in times of weak.
of argument, the third charms by its suggest-
ness and cowardice; we never hear of great men
iveness. It is a book to be relished, not as a
until the time when all other men are small.' whole, but in snatches. With all its half-play-
There is one broad fact about the relations of
ful cynicism, it seems to be in the main sin-
Christianity and Paganism which is so simple and
cere; and the opinions it so brilliantly ex-
so clear that many will smile at it, but which is so
important that all moderns forget it. The primary
presses regarding some of the most interesting
fact about Christianity and Paganism is that one
men and movements of the time are well worth
came after the other.
attention.
EDITI. J. R. ISAACS.
him, -


206
(Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
in his defiance of those in authority who stood
JOHN KNOX, HERO OR VILLAIN?*
for what he would destroy, and in facing per-
That two volumes on John Knox, the latest secution and danger for the sake of his con-
of a long list of biographies of the great Scot- victions; of faith in God, in his own call to be
tish reformer, were published almost simul God's servant, and in the ultimate triumph of
taneously more than three hundred years after what he firmly believed to be the divine cause;
his death, shows the perennial interest that the and of the courage and confidence, even in dis-
world takes in the stern old leader of the Pur-aster, that would follow such faith. He finds
itan forces in the Reformation. If, as has been also in him an intolerance which was greater
maintained, a test of greatness is the waning than that of his intolerant age, uncharitable
or the endurance of a man's reputation after judgments of those whom he disliked, even
his death, certainly John Knox must be ranked condonatiop of assassinations that removed
as one of the greatest men of modern history. enemies of his cause; though he would palliate
The wide divergence of judgment as to his somewhat these unlovely traits of his hero's
character and his methods of controversy character.
shown by these two sincere writers indicates Of chief importance Dr. Cowan ranks the
that the differences in men's ways of looking great and enduring influence of Knox upon
at things that led to the bitter strifes of the re Scotland. He attributes largely to that influ-
ligious wars are fundamental to our human ence the opposition to royal despotism which
nature, and, though softened and christianized, culminated in a rebellion which history has
still exist among us.
vindicated and posterity has ratified;' the
Dr. Henry Cowan's Life of Knox is a growth of an intelligent and earnest-minded
straightforward biography, written from full middle-class, which Knox inspired with strong
knowledge by one who is in general sympathy religious convictions and imbued with a sense
with the Reformer's methods and aims. The of national responsibility; the parochial-school
author's purpose, as expressed in his own words, organization, which during subsequent gen-
is, in the limited space at his disposal, 'to de- erations, when most other countries lagged be-
scribe those portions of the career of Knox hind in this regard, provided for the poorest in
which are most likely to be of general interest; the land a sound religious and secular educa-
to place his life-work in its historical setting; tion. We have only now, moreover, begun to
to facilitate for students the consultation of realize some of the Reformer's educational
original authorities; and to present a picture of ideals, – the Calvinism that has done so much
the Reformer which, without concealing his in to shape Scottish character and thought, and
firmities, would help to vindicate his enrollment that principle of Presbyterian church govern-
alike among the foremost heroes of the Refor ment that combined the recognition of the laity
mation, and among the greatest and noblest of in the administration of the church with or-
Scotsmen. The book is thus not a judicial derly subordination of the whole church to one
statement of the facts of Knox's career and of supreme authority, 'avoiding the dangers of
the many bitter controversies that filled it full; both hierarchy and anarchy.' Dr. Cowan notes
the author is an advocate, but he is fair, digni- the wide spread of Knox's influence wherever
fied, and moderate in his advocacy of Knox's Scotsmen have gone to live; also that he is the
side of these questions and of the general course
founder of the English and Irish Presbyterian
of his conduct as a Puritan leader. He does Churches, and hence of the American, and is in
not gloss over the infirmities of his hero, - the some measure the preserver of English Protes-
coarse vituperation of his opponents, men tantism. He quotes the English historian
women, which was the accepted style of contro Froude as declaring that but for Knox, Mary
versial writing among the best of the men of Stuart would have bent Scotland to her pur-
that time, or the occasional violence and even pose, and Scotland would have been the lever
revolting cruelty of the measures that he advo with which France and Spain would have
cated in the heat of conflict. But he does give worked upon England until Elizabeth had
full weight to all that is favorable, and tries to either been hurled from her throne or been con-
account for all that is unfavorable, in the facts strained to go back into the Egypt of Roman-
of Knox's life; this, indeed, is to be expected ism'; and he attributes to the influence of Knox
in one who undertakes to write a biography of that Covenanter spirit that played so large a
a hero.' Dr. Cowan finds in Knox in abun- | part in the history of English liberty in the
dant measure the hero-qualities of fearlessness, next century. The value of the book is en-
* JOHN KNOX, THE HERO OF THE REFORMATION. Ву
hanced by a large number of valuable illustra-
Henry Cowan, D.D.
tions.
formation' Series.)
The second book, the work of the well-known
REFORMATION. By Andrew
historian and man-of-letters, Mr. Andrew Lang,
or
Illustrated ('Heroes of the Re-
New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
JOHN KNOX AND THE
Lang. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co.


1905.]
207
THE DIAL
differs as widely from Dr. Cowan's as one biog- not been earned by hard work, and pride in
raphy can differ from another. In fact, Mr. his own achievement makes him arrogant and
Lang's book is not a biography at all; it is a overbearing. He has, nevertheless, an uneasy
controversial pamphlet of large size, the thesis consciousness of social inferiority, and is at
of which is a quotation from 'The Diurnal' heart envious of the qualities of character that
under the date of Knox's death: John Knox, seem to go with gentle birth and breeding.
minister, deceased, who had, as was alleged, the Presently his son, upon whom he counts as his
most part of the blame of all the sorrows of successor, returns from the University, and
Scotland since the slaughter of the late Car-joins him in the management of the sawmill.
dinal.' From the beginning to the end of his But at this juncture a young woman appears,
book, Mr. Lang employs all the resources of his
the product of the very traditions for which
literary art, irony, denunciation, special plead the father affects contempt, and the son
ing, to discredit the great Reformer. He at promptly falls in love with her. Violent oppo-
tributes to him the principles of a Macchiavelli, sition ensues; but the young man has inherited
and a prudence that led him to shun dangers to
his father's strength of purpose, and refuses to
himself however ready he might be to denounce
submit. Eventually, the father loses his wealth
others who showed like prudence. He accuses through the ill-advised speculations of an asso-
Knox of numberless misstatements in his His- ciate, and he makes the discovery that the
tory, extending even to the perversion of the
young woman really loves his son for himself,
facts of history to justify his acts and those
and not for his fortune. This reconciles the
of his party. On nearly every page is a fling at father to the marriage, and all ends happily for
Knox, the following being an example: Knox, the young people concerned. This outline
as to the doctrine of " killing no murder," was
would seem to suggest a rather commonplace
a man of his time. But Knox, in telling the
story treated in the conventional fashion; but
story of a murder which he approves, unhappily it receives freshness of interest from its setting.
displays a glee unbecoming a reformer of the
For the scene is in the Carpathians, the father
Church of Him who blamed St. Peter for his
is a German exploiting the Polish forests, and
recourse to the sword. The very essence of
the heroine is the daughter of an impoverished
Christianity is cast to the winds when Knox
Polish nobleman. There is, moreover, much
utters his laughter over the murders or misfor-
tunes of his opponents, yielding to the strong and situations alike, and the writer is thor-
skill displayed in the delineation of character
propensity which he felt to indulge his vein of oughly familiar with her material. An English-
humour." Other good men rejoiced in the mur-
der of an enemy, but Knox chuckled. This is
woman long familiar with European society,
not fair play, though it be sharp writing. It
and a novelist of experience, she has written
to be admitted that Mr. Lang carries us with
a singularly interesting story.
him in many of his attacks upon the consistency
The anonymous author of 'The Martyrdom
and spirit of the Reformer, but he himself
of an Empress' has produced a series of over-
chuckles' overmuch, and allows far too little
grown and shapeless books, which deal with
for the spirit of the time that shapes the char-
the society and politics of several European
acter and thought of even its leaders and heroes.
countries during the past quarter-century or
CHARLES H. COOPER.
more, and which retail a great deal of gossip
in which fiction and
fact are
inextricably
mingled. We have no knowledge of the iden-
tity of this writer, but it is clear that the books
RECENT FICTION.*
are feminine productions, and that their author
has had unusual opportunities for becoming in-
'Sawdust' is the story of a man engaged in timately acquainted with the aristocratic and
the lumber industry, who by unremitting appli- diplomatic world of several countries. She also
cation to business raises himself from poverty knows something of America, a knowledge
to the ownership of a huge establishment in the which she chiefly displays by sprinkling her
forest, creating an industrial community in the pages with cisatlantic colloquialisms, grotes-
wilderness, and acquiring a large fortune. He quely employed as a general rule. Of construc-
despises the aristocratic idler whose wealth has tive art she seems to have no conception, and
A Romance of the Timberlands. By Dor-
A DAUGHTER OF THE SOUTH. A War's-End Romance.
othea Gerard (Madame Longard de Longarde). Philadel By George Cary Eggleston. Boston : Lothrop Publishing
phia: The John C. Winston Co.
THE TRIDENT AND THE NET. By the author of The
By Harris Dickson. Philadelphia:
Martyrdom of an Empress.' New York: Harper & Brothers. The J. B. Lippincott Co.
THE HUNDRED DAYg. By Max Pemberton.
THE HOUSE OF CARDS.
By John Heigh.
D. Appleton & Co.
Paul Gwynne.
By Harry Leon Wilson.
Doda, Mead & Co.
Boston: Lothrop Publishing Co.
* SAWDUST.
Co.
THE RAVANELS.
New York:
A Record.
New York: The Macmillan Co.
THE Boss OF LITTLE ARCADY.
THE
BANDOLERO.
By
New York:


208
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
erary charm.
her narratives are frankly amorphous. She has, is a story of revenge, tempered in the end by
nevertheless, a considerable wealth of interest- something like Christian forgiveness. The
ing material to offer, and this in some measure brigand hero was once a valiant officer, but,
compensates us for the literary defects of her under the pressure of a grievous wrong, he
work. Hitherto, her books have dealt largely has become the enemy of society, and achieved
with actualities, both as to persons and happen a new kind of fame as the leader of a band of
ings; her latest production, The Trident and desperados. His story is, in short, that of Her-
the Net,' is distinguished from its predecessors nani. Upon his wronger he takes the terrible
by being wholly a work of fiction. The mean revenge of kidnapping his only child, and con-
ing of the title we have failed to fathom, for cealing him so effectually from discovery that
its symbolism is neither mythological nor ec the child grows up to manhood as a peasant,
clesiastical, as might at first be imagined. The with no notion of his real station. But the
book is simply the life-story of a Breton noble brigand chieftain has also a girl-child of his-
man, of violent passions and astounding in own, left in the same rustic care; and the two
ability to avoid the paths of obvious folly. It children, when they are old enough, become
begins by depicting his unregulated childhood lovers, to the horror of the girl's father. His
in Brittany, describes his later career as a de efforts to separate them prove futile, and in the
serter from the French navy, a wanderer over end he becomes reconciled to their union, ceases
many seas and lands, and a victim of a vulgar to be an outlaw and enters the government ser-
liaison, and ends in a squalid lodging-house of vice, almost forgives his ancient enemy, and
New York, where he lies desperately ill with dies in a fierce struggle with one of his old-
pneumonia, and we do not know (or greatly time associates. The romance is thoroughly in-
care) whether he is going to live through it. teresting, and has a considerable degree of lit-
The early Breton chapters are much the best
part of the book, for in them the story has a
Mr. George Cary Eggleston, who served as a
genuine atmosphere; of the unreal melodrama Confederate soldier in the Civil War, has again
that follows there is little to be said in the turned to account his recollections of that con-
way of praise. We close it with a sense of flict in ‘A Daughter of the South.' The war
exasperation at the recklessness of its composi- does not exactly enter into the substance of
tion and its wasteful use of what might have this romance, but rather supplies a background;
been the material of an admirable work.
for the interest is almost wholly of a private
The well-worn theme of Napoleon's last des character. The hero is a man engaged in the
perate effort to retrieve his shattered fortunes dangerous business of purchasing cotton in the
is chosen by Mr. Max Pemberton for his latest blockaded South, and bringing it to the North-
romance. The Hundred Days' begins just be ern market. The heroine is a damsel in distress
fore the Emperor's escape from Elba, and ends -a French girl from New Orleans—whom he
just after the defeat of Waterloo. We have the finds hiding in a swamp upon the occasion of
usual brave hero and captivating heroine, the one of his expeditions, and rescues from star-
one an Englishman in disfavor at home and vation and other perils. The story also deals
living a secluded life in France, the other an with various forms of rascality on the part of
adventuress in the secret service of Napoleon. the conscienceless money-makers who found in
The story offers the conventional blend of fact the war their opportunity to plunder and de-
with romantic fiction, is narrated in somewhat fraud. It embodies much curious information
indistinct fashion, and proves but moderately concerning this bygone period; but the author's
exciting
language makes singular lapses into modernity,
“The Bandolero,' like Mr. Paul Gwynne's and his art must be described as crude. Never-
earlier novels, is a romance of Spanish life. In theless, he tells a story of some interest, and
writing of Spain, Mr. Gwynne is no casual out keeps fairly in touch with reality.
sider, but an observer whose knowledge of his Mr. Harris Dickson, in 'The Ravanels,'has
subject is extensive and intimate. He knows given us an excellent piece of workmanship.
the life of town and country, the customs, the The novel has both strength and character,
superstitions, and the folklore of the Spanish
the Spanish besides a romantic plot of much dramatic in-
people. He is also by way of being a psycholo- terest. Mr. Dickson is a Mississippian, and a
gist in his interpretation of motives and modes lawyer by profession; his story is of a feud orig-
of thought. This thoroughness of equipment, inating in the early days of reconstruction, and
combined with a very pretty knack of compo- culminating a generation later in a mysterious
sition, and the ability to construct an interest murder. The trial of the hero fills something
ing plot, makes these Spanish novels of his like two-thirds of the whole book; and here, as
about the best of their kind. "The Bandolero' a Mississippi lawyer, the author is upon his own


1905.]
209
THE DIAL
ground. An ingenious explanation of the mys our former very moderate estimate of his abili-
tery is followed by the acquittal of the hero; ties. His Mormon story and his novel of theo-
and all ends happily.
logical discussion were lumbering in their gait ·
The House of Cards' is a novel written in
and deadl in their seriousness; but his new
an exasperating style, of which the following book has leisurely ease of movement and a
specimen may serve us for both example and humor that is simply captivating. It is a story
introduction: “True, Mr. Cards himself says of life in a country town of central Illinois as
-something between his teeth as a big red devil far as it is a story at all—but its charm is al-
of an automobile hybrid word for a hybrid most wholly one of incident, and of the genial
thing begotten and beloved of a hybrid brum delineation of village types. He who has once
magem breed of sports—with a measly little made their acquaintance will not readily forget
parvid parvenu of an owner, and his fireman J. Rodney Potts and Little Arcady's heroic ef-
(chauffeur indeed! I say “fireman," and be
fireman,” and be forts to dispense with his society; or the local
burned to him!), snorts up and sets our horses editor, Solon Denny, and his suffering under the
to a dance. A book written in this jargon does chastening hand of the severe lady from
not make easy reading, but the present produc- Boston; or Billy Durgin, the boy detective; or
tion has so much pith that we are inclined to Clem, the faithful slave who refuses to be
advise a struggle with its strained figures and emancipated; or Miss Caroline from Virginia,
thorny constructions. As our extract shows, who causes such a fluttering of the village dove-
Cards is a man's name, and not the mere inno-cotes; or the philosophical biographer and his-
cent substantive that one might fancy, albeit torian, who contrives to attract our interest to
there is a clear intention of allegory in the title. himself no less than to these creatures of his
Briefly, the House of Cards is a colossal finan- describing. And with all this prodigal and
cial edifice, its foundations laid during the Civil appealing humor there is a blend of humaniz-
War, when it was concerned with the negotia- ing sentiment that is also very charming, and
tion of government loans, and its superstructure the combination is so deftly made that each of
raised and rivetted during the forty years fol these two elements serves to heighten the other.
lowing. Since the scene is Philadelphia, there We congratulate Mr. Wilson upon the new gait
is offered a suggestion—but only a suggestion that he has now struck, and venture to predict
of the operations of the late Jay Cooke. The that, if steadfastly pursued, it will lead him
history of the House, as here presented, is far.
WILLIAM MORTON PAYNE.
curiously interwoven with the history of the
Civil War, although that gigantic upheaval is
used by the novelist as a motive for a somewhat
cynical vein of moralizing, rather than as a
source of picturesque material. In fact, there
BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS.
is very little story about the book, but instead
The winning 'A History of the Pacific North-
a great deal of shrewd comment and incisive of Oregon. west' (Macmillan) is the title of
characterization. What it all leads up to is a
a recent volume dealing with the
rather impressive presentation of the Ameri-
establishment of American power beyond the
Rocky Mountains. The literature of 'expansion'
can society of to-day, based upon corrupt
has been growing rapidly of late, and will doubt-
politics and the domination of the great cor-
less continue to grow for some time to come;
porations. These conditions seem to be fairly unfortunately, however, this literature is often
fixed upon us, and the writer makes it clear
wanting in some of the qualities that we expect
that they are not easily to be swept away. He to find in true history. Still, much excellent
accepts them as an inevitable phase of our work has been done in this field, and it is a pleas-
national development, and almost seems to con ure to note that the work before us belongs to
done them. Yet there is an undercurrent of
this class. The author, Professor Joseph Schafer,
of the University of Oregon, has for some years
suggestion that selfish materialism is not to
been engaged in studying the historical materials
be the last word of our civilization, and that
of the Pacific States, and in this work he tells
a sufficiently resolute onslaught will some day the early history of the Oregon country. With
make the House of Cards topple over. This is the later history of this region-the development
what the hero stands for,-a figure barely of its vast resources during the last half-century
sketched, but destined, in some dimly veiled and the political careers of the various States
carved out of it-the author is not much con-
future, to play the part of the stripling David
to the Goliath of plutocracy.
cerned; his purpose is to give a clear and read-
The Boss of Little Arcady' is so much
able account of how the valley of the Columbia
River was won for the American Republic and
better than anything that Mr. Wilson has here-
for American civilization. Professor Schafer goes
tofore written that we are compelled to revise back to the memorable day when Balboa first saw


210
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
St. Lawrence.
the South Sea, discusses the great interest that the Scotch-as if to illustrate anew that forgive-
this discovery aroused in the European mind, and ness to the injured does belong, but they ne'er
traces the progress of Spanish exploration as for pardon who have done the wrong. For example,
a hundred and fifty years it slowly crept up the we read that 'he who drinks Scotch whisky be-
Pacific shore. This is followed by an account of comes as the Scotch people, who, as all men know,
the fur-trade and of the efforts of England and are a hectoring, swaggering, dull-witted, bandy-
our own country to come into possession of this legged, plantigrade folk' and-: But vituperatiou
far Northwest. The Oregon question on its diplo is already too much indulged in, without receiv-
matic side is treated in a brief but lucid fashion, ing the encouragement of quotation. Two chap-
the disputed points being discussed as fully as ters of some literary interest the book does con-
could be expected in a popular narrative. After tain, on Tom Moore and Mr. W. B. Yeats.
reviewing the efforts of the American pioneers The tracing of Mr. Yeats's so-called Celtic qual-
and missionaries to establish themselves on the ity to the influence of Blake, who was not a Celt
Columbia River in the two decades following at all, furnishes good reading. An occasional
1820, the author gives us a vivid account of the Carlylism in Mr. Crosland's pages is not unpleas-
'great immigration' that began about 1842. To ing, except that the use of the adjunct instead of
our knowledge of this movement Professor the possessive pronoun is hardly a graceful trick
Schafer has made some important contributions, if often repeated. Colloquialisms abound; nor is
his research having brought to light a number of careless spelling absent, as empyricism,' and
hitherto unknown sources. When the author ‘practise' as a noun (three times); nor are words
records the final settlement with Great Britaiu always used in their accepted sense, as 'blarney
in 1846, and the organization of a territorial gov of the vituperative order.' Among terms of little
ernment at Oregon City three years later, his dignity or somewhat unusual may be noted
purpose is accomplished; but he has added several jarvey,' 'poteen,' 'weeniest,' and the verb 'to
interesting chapters dealing with the political keen.' Contemporary humorists are labelled
and material progress of the region since that groupwise as 'a sorry and indifferent company,'
date. The work makes a volume of about three and a 'squad of awkward witlings.'l What of
hundred pages, and is provided with a number of contemporary satirists?
excellent maps and suggestive illustrations. А
reading of it leaves the impression that it is the
With the combined characteristics
The noble
work of one who knows his field and whose con-
of history and guide-book, and
clusions may be relied upon. The author evidently
prepared with large type, wide
believes that economy in style and accuracy in margins, and plentiful illustrations from photo-
statement are virtues to be practised even when graphs and drawings, Mr. George
writing primarily for young readers.
Browne's "The St. Lawrence River: Historical,
Legendary, Picturesque' (Putnam) comes as one
Having aired his prejudices of a group of books on the great rivers of North
The people of
the Emerald Isle. against the dwellers beyond the America that already includes the Hudson and
Tweed, Mr. T. W. H. Crosland, the Colorado, and is to include the Connecticut
author of 'The Unspeakable Scot,' now takes in and probably the Mississippi. In the first two
hand his neighbors across St. George's Channel, hundred of its three hundred and fifty pages, the
in a companion volume which he entitles "The author gives a sketch of the history of the St.
Wild Irishman' (Appleton). Between his out Lawrence,-which means in effect that of the
spoken dislike of the Scotch and his patronizing French in British North America, since the great
and even contemptuous friendliness for the Irish, river was their highroad, and along its banks are
there is little to choose. Probably most Irishmen the spots that mark the critical points of that his-
would prefer his honest enmity. Such chapters tory. Mr. Browne does not lay claim to actual
as those on ‘Pigs,' 'Potatoes,' Dirt,' "Whisky,' original investigation, but he has read a goodly
and 'Blarney,' are not exactly calculated to make number of authorities, including original docu-
the natives of Erin enthusiastic in the writer's ments, and has written a very acceptable brief
praise. As the utterance of a comparatively history, although one could dispense with bis
young man, the book lacks that degree of modest somewhat patronizing attitude toward La Salle on
hesitancy and restraint so befitting an author page 148. To those who are not familiar with
gifted with considerably less than omniscience, the thrilling story of the French in North Amer-
but so seldom found except in union with really ica, this portion will be necessary for a thorough
large attainments which might afford-were that understanding of what follows; those who are so
ever permissible to fallible mortals-to be dog familiar will doubtless find it profitable to renew
matic. Of sweetness and light, of literary charm, their knowledge. With Chapter XV. Mr. Browne
even of careful writing and evidence of laborious begins a trip up the river, starting with Tadousac
endeavor to do one's best and to polish one's at the mouth of the 'mysterious' Saguenay, and
stanza, the book has little. A single short sen giving a chapter to its picturesque charms and his-
tence, on Home Rule, will help to show in what toric memories; then upward, passing Rivière du
key the work is pitched. We are told that 'any Loup, Murray Bay, Cartier's Isle of Bacchus, Ste.
man who believes for one moment that it will be Anne de Bauprè of blessed memory and modern
of the smallest benefit to Ireland is just a fool.' pilgrimages, and the beautiful falls of Montmor-
Perhaps the least praiseworthy feature of the ency, and finally reaching Quebec, to which two
volume is its frequent and uncalled-for slaps at chapters are given, describing notable landmarks


1905.]
211
THE DIAL
we
and relating connected facts and legends. The land and her set, some good stories are told. De-
next chapter describes the Indian settlements and spite her despotic humor, young Gower discerned
the peasant population, with its types and festi her better qualities, and as seen through his eyes
vals, then on past a 'region of rivers' to Montreal, she is more amiable than one had imagined. To
which the author calls Canada's "White City.' supplement the slender autobiographic informa-
Here considerable space is devoted to the famous tion contained in the book, it may be worth while
Château de Ramezay, that old-time relic which to note here some of the author's family connec-
has been turned into a museum and portrait gal tions. The first Earl of Granville was his father,
lery, and in which alone one could make a consid the second Earl his brother, Lady Georgiana Ful-
erable study of Canadian history. The two re lerton was his sister, and the sixth Duke of Devon-
maining chapters are devoted to climbing the rapids shire his maternal uncle. Of Leveson and Gower
and the trip through the Thousand Islands, with affinities and consanguinities, hyphenated and
accompanying stories, true or legendary. To some otherwise, the tale would be a long one. The au-
readers, more physical description of the noble St. thor was in Parliament almost continuously from
Lawrence would be acceptable; but within its lim 1847 to 1885.
its the book is satisfactory, and a good map adds
to its value. The volume is rather too large to
Local history
The number of books of local his-
of an ancient
accompany one's travels; but it might be read
tory in England is increasing as
English town.
with advantage as a preliminary to a voyage, or
interest in antiquarian lore is
afterwards for the pleasures of retrospect and the
deepening and facilities for research are extend-
purpose of fixing one's associations. Still, ing. It is not usually the importance of the
would suggest a pocket edition that could find a
locality that influences its selection for historical
place in the traveller's suit-case.
treatment. Of many subjects of local histories
the question might be asked, Why should anyone
So far as a book of anecdotes may trouble to write a book about a place of which
An anecdotal
serve as substitute for a live story few have even heard ?
retrospect.
But it is often in the
teller, the Hon. Frederick Leveson most out-of-the-way place that the rarest his-
Gower's 'Bygone Years' (Dutton) admirably does torical treasures are preserved, and that succes-
this. With no manifest effort, no straining for sive periods of growth are so well demonstrated
effect, no attempt to raise a laugh, he suffers his as to illustrate the historical development of
pen to record such items of general human inter other like unimportant localities, which in the
est as have been picked up by him during a long aggregate go a long way toward the making of
life of contemplative observation rather than of England. This might be said of the ancient town
strenuous action. Good humor, good sense, good of Pickering in Yorkshire, which is little known
birth and breeding, an entire absence of airs and even to English people. Stow states, on the author-
pretensions, these are among the qualities that ity of divers writers,' that the town was built
commend him to the reader. An apologetic pre in the year 270 B, C., but evidence is not wanting
face intimates that it is more to the urgency of
that settlement was made on the site or in the
friends than to initiative on the writer's part that neighborhood at an infinitely earlier period. Yet
we are indebted for these octogenarian gleanings. it preserves in its outward features and in its
In a happily quoted couplet from Moore, the first written records enough characteristics of the
line, 'I give thee all, I can no more,
is mis-
various phases of English geological, political,
punctuated, the comma following can,' to the ruin religious, and economic history, to illustrate "The
of the sense. Now, in his eighty-sixth year, the Evolution of an English Town,' which is the title
author tells us he finds it hard to recall the main Mr. Gordon Home gives to his story of Pickering
outlines of his life, although unimportant inci from pre-historic times up to the present year
dents remain in mind. Hence we are treated, not (Dutton). In going back to Palæolithic and
to history or biography, and luckily not to poli Pre-Glacial times, in tracing the changes that
tics, but to a variety of entertaining and never have taken place in the physical features of the
malevolent personalia and society anecdotes, to locality in the Lesser Ice Age, in collating evi-
gether with notes on Spain, India, and Russia, dence of the occupation of the district by neoliths
from journals of early travel. Though a barrister and men of the Bronze Age, and in the chapters
by profession, the author modestly doubts whether on the various periods of historic times, the book
he ever could have earned his bread in his calling. furnishes a pleasing type of local history to which
His first instructor in the law neglected the in other essays in that field will do well to conform.
tricacies of Coke upon Littleton to listen to his But while Pickering is thus made to serve as a
pupil's stories of society life; which indicates that typical English town, it has some very interest-
even as a youth he was no mean raconteur. But ing individual characteristics, -as, for example,
that society life is, after all, weariness and vanity, its old church with curious paintings of about
is illustrated by a reminiscence of the Princess · the middle of the fifteenth century upon the
Lieven, who, always in the whirl of fashion, suf clere-story walls. Some of the folk-lore and folk-
fered from an intense boredom that almost customs narrated are peculiar to the neighbor-
amounted to a disease. If no one called of an hood, and these give to the book an interest far
afternoon, she would roll on the floor from wider than that of the local antiquary. The illus-
tedium. Dreading to travel alone from Calais totrations, interesting from an archæological stand-
Paris, she once offered a seat in her carriage to a point, scarcely seem to justify the claim of the
chance clergyman, who, however, talked so inces text that the vicinity of Pickering is picturesque
santly as fairly to drive her wild. Of Lady Hol beyond the average of English scenery.


212
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
DIAL
To those of us who, with Steven-
Letters of
Goldrin Smith's The reprint of Mr. Goldwin
a schoolmaster. son, pray for the quiet mind, 'The memories of Smith's magazine article, My
Upton Letters' (Putnam) by‘T.B.'
Gladstone.
Memory of Gladstone' (imported
are a help in that direction. Simple and nat by A. Wessels Company), makes a very attractive
ural, sane and human, these reflective utterances little volume of some eighty-five pages of large
on literary, moral, and educational themes, and type. The characterization here presented does
on the commonplaces of daily life, have the charm not purport to be complete, but is rather a run-
that belongs to the genuine expression of a good ning account of the more important episodes in
mind and heart. They are the letters of a mas Gladstone's career, with the author's judgment
ter in an English public school to a friend ('Her upon such activities. The essay was in the first
bert') sojourning in Madeira for his health; and instance drawn out by way of commentary-hard-
they run through the year 1904, being brought to ly criticism-on Morley's Life of Gladstone. Thus
a close by the friend's death. They are now pub the principal interest for the reader, aside from
lished at the request of Herbert's widow. Reality his pleasure in the clear-cut style of the essay
breathes in every line, and spontaneity animates itself, will be in regard to those points in which
every syllable. Personal reminiscence and anec Mr. Goldwin Smith differs from the biographer.
dote abound. A few lines indicating the writer's Of these, the most important relates to Glad-
admiration of Newman's prose style are quotable. stone's Home Rule policy for Ireland; and upon
'I have been going through Newman's "Apolo it the author bases much of his criticism
gia” for the twentieth time,' he writes, “and as of Gladstone's title to unerring statecraft. And
usual have fallen completely under the magical while the words of neither the essayist nor Mr.
spell of that incomparable style; its perfect lucid Morley will be accepted as final on this subject,
ity, showing the very shape of the thought within, for both are in a sense partisans, such an analysis
its simplicity (not, in Newman's case, I think, as that offered by Mr. Goldwin Smith is well
the result of labour, but of pure instinctive worth study, and is also pleasant reading.
grace), its appositeness, its dignity, its music. I
oscillate between supreme contentment as a reader
and envious despair as a writer; it fills one's
NOTES.
mind up slowly and richly, as honey fills a vase
from some gently tilted bowl. .
I have no Once more we have from the Macmillan Co. their
sympathy with the intellectual attitude it reveals, pretty holiday ‘Book of Old English Love-Songs,'
but as Roderick Hudson says, I don't always heed as edited by Dr. H. W. Mabie, and illustrated by
the sense.' To be able thus to admire Newman's Mr. George Wharton Edwards.
art speaks something for the letter-writer's own A full account of the principles and progress of
'Italian Architecture,' by Mr. J. Wood Brown, is
powers as an artist in words. The little volume
published by the Messrs. Scribner in their 'Lang.
will create no sensation (heaven forbid !), but it
ham Series of art monographs.
will greatly content a choice few among the read-
Captain A. T. Mahan's two-volume work entitled
ers of books.
'Sea Power in its Relations to the War of 1812,'
one of the most important historical books of the
New text-book of The enthusiasm of the translator
the elements of for M. Levasseur's 'Elements of season, will be issued this month by Messrs. Little,
Brown, & Co.
political economy. Political Economy' will hardly be
shared by the student who attempts to use the
Two Fall publications of the Messrs. Putnam not
heretofore announced are Mr. Henry Wellington
book as a text, or by the advanced economist who
Wack's account of rambles and voyages along the
tries to extract M. Levasseur's theories of the
river Thames, entitled 'In Thamesland,' and Dr.
science. Many leading economic questions are Herman Knapp's biography of Hermann von Helm-
discussed with the clearness and comprehensionholtz.
which have given M. Levasseur his acknowledged Messrs. E. P. Dutton & Co. publish in their 'Eng.
place among French teachers of political econ lish Library' a new edition of Trench's 'English
omy. But the form of the book, and the sequence
Past and Present,' edited by Dr. A. Smythe Pal.
mer, and a small treatise on Punctuation: Its Prin-
of subjects, are unfortunate. For example, much
space is devoted to an interesting and enlighten- ciples and Practice,' by Messrs. T. F. and M. F. A.
ing account of association in industry, the trade
A concise account of South Polar explorations and
guilds of Europe, the modern trades unions, and
discoveries, from earliest times to the present day,
the relation of both to the principle of freedom
has been prepared by Dr. H. R. Mill, and will be
of contract; but the usefulness of this review is published shortly by the Frederick A. Stokes Co.
nullified by its appearance in the chapter on ‘The in an illustrated volume entitled 'The Siege of the
Production of Wealth,' almost before mention is South Pole.'
made of 'Distribution and Consumption.' In the ' A Bibliography of Works in English on Playing
same way, Rent, Interest, Socialism, Coöperation, Cards and Gaming,! compiled by Mr. Frederic
and related subjects, are discussed in the chapter Jessel, is published by Messrs. Longmans, Green,
on Distribution, before the theories of Exchange tries, making a handsomely-printed volume of over
& Co. There are upwards of seventeen hundred en.
and Consumption are explained. This lack of
three hundred pages.
logical treatment renders M. Levasseur's book
The anthropological series of publications of the
almost incomprehensible to the beginner, for Field Columbian Museum has just been enlarged
whom it is evidently intended. ('Elements of by the following issues: "The Cheyenne,' an ex-
Political Economy': Macmillan.)
tensive monograph by Mr. George A. Dorsey; "The
6


1905.]
213
THE DIAL
tury,' in three volumes, edited by Mr. J. E. Spin-
garn; a three-volume edition of Johnson's 'Lives of
the Poets,' edited by the late G. Birkbeck Hill;
"The Lyrical Poems of Blake,' edited by Mr. John
Sampson, M.A.; "The Plays and Poems of Robert
Greene,' edited by Mr. J. Churton Collins, in two
volumes; and the four concluding volumes in Mrs.
Paget Toynbee's elaborate edition of Horace Wal-
pole's Letters.
Mr. Frederic Lawrence Knowles, one of the most
promising of the younger American poets, died at his
home near Boston on the 19th of last month. Mr.
Knowles was born in Lawrence, Mass., in 1869.
After graduating from Harvard, in 1896, he became
associated with the literary departments of several
prominent publishing firms of Boston, being at the
time of his death literary adviser to Messrs. Dana
Estes & Co. Mr. Knowles had written two volumes
of verse, ‘On Life's Stairway,' published in 1900,
and ‘Love Triumphant,' published a year ago.
Traditions of the Hopi,' by Mr. H. R. Voth; 'Hopi
Proper Names,' by Mr. Voth; and “Oraibi Natal
Customs and Ceremonies,' also by Mr. Voth. The
last three of these monographs are numbered among
the results of the Stanley McCormick Hopi expedi-
tion.
'Intentions' is the title given to a volume of
Essays by Oscar Wilde, just published by the Messrs.
Brentano. It comprises the following titles: The
Decay of Lying, Pen, Pencil, and Poison,' "The
Critic as Artist,' and 'The Truth of Masks.'' There
is a frontispiece portrait of the author.
To the Athenæum Press Series' of Messrs. Ginn
& Co. we now have added a volume of 'Selected
Essays of Henry Fielding,' edited by Mr. Gordon
Hall Gerould, and a volume of 'Selections from
the Writings of Joseph Addison,' edited by Pro-
fessor Barrett Wendell and Mr. Chester Noyes
Greenough.
"The Art and Craft of the Author' is the title
of a new handbook on literary work, by Mr. C. E.
Heisch, which_is to be published during this au-
tumn by Mr. Elliot Stock of London. Its purpose
will be to explain the principles which should guide
the author, the objects he should keep in view, and
the methods of carrying these out, rather than to
supply a guide to the technicalities of literary work.
The latest addition to Mr. Henry Frowde's series
of 'Oxford Poets' is a reprint of Mr. Thomas Hut-
chinson's recent edition of Shelley, now printed on
smaller-sized paper and issued at a much lower
price. Including as it does material never before
printed in any edition of the poems, this is per-
haps the most desirable edition of Shelley to be
had,- certainly it is the best moderate-priced edi.
tion.
Mr. Charles Mosley, editor of Nature Study',
has arranged an edition of White's “ Selborne' for
students, in which the whole of the Letters are
classified under subjects, thus giving the reader un-
der one head all that the naturalist wrote on each
topic. As the subjects will be arranged alphabet-
ically the work will be one of reference as well as
for reading consecutively. Mr. Elliot Stock of Lon-
don is to publish the book during the coming season.
In addition to their new · Wessex' edition of Mr.
Hardy's novels, the Messrs. Harper are preparing
a thirty-volume Dickens, fully illustrated with all of
the old drawings. They also announce
Shakespeare in eight volumes, illustrated in photo-
gravure, and containing many special features, such
as a full selection of the best annotations, an essay
by Cradock on the learning of Shakespeare, and Dr.
Johnson's famous Introduction,
The 'Fifty Piano Compositions' by Schumann
that have been selected and edited by Mr. Xaver
Scharwenka make an important addition to the
Musician's Library' of Messrs. Oliver Ditson &
Co. The volume has the usual portrait, critical
essay, and brief bibliography. Our only quarrel
with the selection is that the 'Fantasia, op. 17' is
represented by the first section only, and that but a
single number is given from the Faschingschwank
aus Wien.'
The Oxford University Press announces for pub-
lication during the present season a collotype re-
production, with introductions by Mr. Sidney Lee,
of the earliest editions of that portion of Shake-
speare's work which found no place in the First
Folio, namely: Pericles' and the four volumes of
Poems. The edition will be limited to one thou-
sand copies. Among other works of marked lit-
erary interest, the same firm have in press a col-
lection of Critical Essays of the Seventeenth Cen.
a
new
TOPICS IN LEADING PERIODICALS.
October, 1905.
Anglo-French-American Understanding. A. Carnegie. N.A.
Bancroft's Student Days in Europe. Scribner.
British India's Future. Sir Henry Cotton. Rev. of Revs.
Brownings, Romance of the. R. W. Gilder. Century.
Canada and Joint High Commission. L. J. Burpee. No. A.
Catholic Education and American Institutions. No. Amer.
Colorado Bear Hunt, A. Theodore Roosevelt. Scribner
Commerce in Far East. J. W. Jenks. No. American.
Congress, Can it Reduce Representation. No, American.
Constitution, Our Changing. Alfred P. Dennis. Atlantic.
Crow, Hours with a. Harold S. Deming. Harper.
Culture, Cowardice of. T. W. Higginson. Atlantic.
Curzon's Resignation and Record. No. American.
Desert, Shrines of the. D. L. Elmendorf. Scribner.
Diplomacy, American. John B. Moore. Harper.
Empress Dowager, With the. Katharine A. Carl. Century.
Endless Life, The. Samuel M. Crothers. Atlantic.
Eugénie, Empress, Flight of, from Paris. Century.
Financial Oligarchy, Our. S. S. Pratt. World's Work.
Food, Economy in. Russell H. Chittenden. Century.
Franklin, The Fame of. William Macdonald. Atlantic.
Golden Rule, The. William Allen White. Atlantic
Hearn, Lafcadio. Nobushige Amenomori. Atlantic
Illinois University's Plans. E. J. James. Rev. of Revs.
Insects, Breeding Beneficial. H. A. Crafts. Harper.
Insurance, Federal Regulation of. World's Work.
Japan's Elder Statesmen and the Peace. Rev. of Revs.
Joke, Career of the. John A. Macy. Atlantic.
Jones, Paul, Recovery of Body of. Horace Porter. Century
Kansas and Standard Oil. Ida M. Tarbell. McClure.
Kindergarten, The Free. Hamilton W. Mabie. Harper,
Life Insurance on Trial. Walter Wellman. Rev. of Revs.
Louis Napoleon, Coup D'Etat of. F. J. Stimson. Scribner.
Love, The Game of. Agnes Repplier. Atlantic.
Lynch Law. Cardinal Gibbons. No. American.
Marriage and Divorce. Norma W. Jones. No. American.
Metropolitan Museum's New Era. Rev. of Revs.
Mexican Water-Power Development. Rev. of Revs.
Naval Academy, The New. Randall Blackshaw. Century.
Norman Comedy, A. George B. Fife. Harper.
Peace Treaty, Making of a Modern. Rev. of Revs.
Public and Coal Conflict. H. E. Rood. No, American.
Railroad Problem, Changes in. W. Z. Ripley. World's Wk.
Railway Problem, Remedies for. W. Z. Ripley. Atlantic.
Railroad Rate-Making. Richard Olney. No. American.
St. Petersburg's Reception of Peace News. Rev. of Revs.
Santo Domingo, Our Mix-up in. World's Work.
Science and Immortality. W. H. Mallock. No, American.
Shelley, Strange Adventure of. Margaret Croft. Century.
Shelley, Unknown Pictures of. N. P. Dunn. Century.
Slave Trade of Today. H. W. Nevinson. Harper.
Transportation, Pioneer American. C. F. Lummis. McClure.
War, Results of the Sydney Brooks. No. American.
White House, A Visit at the. Charles Wagner. McClure.
Writing for a Living. Gilson Willets. World's Work.


214
[Oct. 1,
THE DIAL
LIST OF NEW BOOKS.
[The following list, containing 165 titles, includes books
received by The Dial during the month of September.]
BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES.
A SOUTHERN GIRL IN '61: The War-Time Memories of a
Confederate Senator's Daughter. By Mrs. D. Girard
Wright. With portraits, large 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp.
258. Doubleday, Page & Co. $2.75 net.
THE LIFE OF ST. PATRICK, and his place in History. By
J. B. Bury, M.A. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 404. Macmil-
lan Co. $3.25 net.
MARY, QUEEN OF Scots: Her Life Story. By A. H. Mil-
lar. With portraits, 16mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 227.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net.
THE LIFE OF MARY, QUEEN OF Scots. By Hilda T. Skae.
Illus, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 208. J. B. Lippincott
Co. $1.25 net.
MEMOIRS OF LADY FANSHAWE. Edited by Beatrice Mar-
shall. New edition ; illus., 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp.
312. • Crown Library. Joha Lane. $1.50 net.
A STUDY OF JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER. By Marcus M.
Brown. With portraits, 12mo, pp. 150. Cleveland :
Published by the author. $1. net.
HISTORY.
THE AMERICAN NATION: A History. Edited by Albert
Bushnell Hart. Vol. VIII.; Preliminaries of the Rey-
olution, 1763-1775, by George Elliot Howard, Ph.D.;
Vol. IX., The American Revolution, 1776-1783, by
Claude Halstead Van Tyne, Ph.D.; Vol. X., The Con-
federation and the Constitution, 1783-1789, by Andrew
Cunningham McLaughlin, A.M. Each with portrait
and maps, 8vo, gilt top. Harper & Brothers. Per vol.,
$2. net.
A HISTORY OF EGYPT, from the XIXth to the XXXth
Dynasties. By W. M. Flinders Petrie, Hon. D. C. L.
Illus., 12mo, uncut, pp. 406. Charles Scribner's Sons.
$2.25 net.
EARLY WESTERN TRAVELS. Edited by Reuben Gold
Thwaites, LL.D. Vol. XIX., Ogden's Letters from the
West, 1821-1823; Bullock's Journey from New Orleans
to New York, 1827; Part I. of Gregg's Commerce of
the Prairies, 1831-1839. Illus., large 8vo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 349. Arthur H. Clark Co. $4. net.
WHITMAN'S RIDE THROUGH SAVAGE LANDS, with sketches
of Indian Life. By O. W. Nixon, M.D.; introduction
by James G. K. McClure, D.D. Illus., 12mo, pp. 186.
Chicago: Winona Publishing Co.
GENERAL LITERATURE.
THE CONFESSIONS OF LORD BYRON: A Collection of his
Private Opinions, taken from the New and Enlarged
Edition of his Letters and Journals. Arranged by
W. A. Lewis Bettany, with photogravure portraits, gilt
top, pp. 402. Charles Scribner's Sons. $2.50 net.
HERETICS. By Gilbert K. Chesterton. 12mo, pp. 305. John
Lane. $1.50 net.
INTENTIONS. By Oscar Wilde. With photogravure par-
trait, 12mo, uncut, pp. 263. Brentano's. $1.50 net.
HOW TO COLLECT BOOKS. By J. Herbert Slater. Illus.,
8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 205. Macmillan Co. $2.
THE UPTON LETTERS. By T. B. 12mo, gilt top, uncut,
G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.25 net.
THE CANTERBURY PILGRIMAGES. By H. Snowden Ward.
Illus., 8vo, gilt top, pp. 321. J. B. Lippincott Co.
$1.75 net.
HEBREW HUMOUR, and Other Essays. By J. Chotzner,
Ph.D. 8vo, pp. 186. London : Luzac & Co.
SPEECHES AND ADDRESSES : Poiltical, Literary, and Relig-
ious. By John Charlton. With portrait, 8vo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 499. Toronto: Morang & Co.
THE WILD IRISHMAN. By T. W. H. Crosland. 12mo, pp.
196. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
BYRON AND BYRONISM IN AMERICA. By William Ellery
Leonard, A.M. Large 8vo, uncut, pp. 129. Boston :
The Nichols Press. Paper.
CRANFORD: A Comedy in Three Acts Made from Mrs.
Gaskell's Famous Story. By Marguerite Merington.
With frontispiece in color, 8vo, uncut, pp. 99. Fox,
Duffield & Co. $1.25.
THE TRADITIONS OF THE HOPI. By H. R. Voth. Large
8vo, uncut, pp. 319. Chicago : Field Columbian Mu-
seum. Paper.
THE SUCCESS OF DEFEAT. By Maltbie D. Babcock, D.D.
16mo, uncut, pp. 30. Charles Scribner's Sons. 500 net.
NEW EDITIONS OF STANDARD LITERATURE.
POETICAL WORKS OF PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY, "Oxford"
edition. Edited by Thomas Hutchinson, M.A. With
portrait, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 912. Oxford University
Press.
COMPLETE WORKS OF SHAKESPEARE. 'New Century' LI-
brary edition. Vol. II., with frontispiece, gilt top, pp.
517. Thomas Nelson & Sons. Leather, $1.25.
LES CLASSIQUES FRANCAIS. New vols. : Adolphe, by Ben-
jamin Constant, preface by Paul Bourget; Le Roman
d'un Jeune Homme Pauvre, by Octave Feuillet, pref-
ace by Augustin Filon. Each with photogravure por-
trait, 18mo, gilt top. G. P. Putnam's Sons. Per vol.,
leather, $1. net.
WORKS OF ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON, “Biographical" edi-
tion. With introductions by Mrs. Stevenson. Conclud-
ing vols.: St. Ives, The Wrong Box, Complete Poems.
16mo, gilt tops. Charles Scribner's Sons. Per vol., $1.
OF THE IMITATION OF CHRIST. Trans. by John Payne
from the Latin of Thomas & Kempis. With photo-
gravure frontispiece, 24mo, gilt top, pp. 315. Charles
Scribner's Sons. Leather, $1.25 net.
THE POEMS OF GRAY AND COLLINS. With photogravure
frontispiece, 18mo, gilt top, pp. 182. Charles Scrib-
ner's Sons. Leather, $1.25 net.
EDINBURGH. By Robert Louis Stevenson. With frontis-
piece, 18mo, gilt top, pp. 190. J. B. Lippincott Co.
Leather, $1. net.
ENGLISH PAST AND PRESENT. By Richard Chenevix
Trench, D.D.; edited, with emendations, by A. Smythe
Palmer, D.D. 16mo, gilt top, pp. 262. É. P. Dutton
& Co. 75 cts. net.
POETRY.
THE VALE OF TEMPE. By Madison J. Cawein. 12mo,
uncut, pp. 274. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50 net.
SONNETS AND SONGS. By Helen Hay Whitney. 12mo,
gilt top, uncut, pp. 81. Harper & Brothers. $1.20 net.
COLLECTED SONNETS OF LLOYD MIFFLIN. Revised by the
author. With photogravure portrait, 4to, uncut, pp.
369. Oxford University Press. $2.60 net.
THE VALLEY OF DREAMS. By H. Hayden Sands. With
decorations, 12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 125. Boston :
Alfred Bartlett.
AMERICA TO ENGLAND, and Other Poems. By Minot J.
Savage. 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 208. G. P. Put-
nam's Sons. $1.35 net.
RUBAIYAT OF SOLOMON, and Other Poems. By Amanda
T. Jones. With portrait, 12mo, gilt top, pp. 210. New
York: Alden Brothers.
POEMs. By Robert Chenault Givler. 12mo, gilt top, un-
cut, pp. 143. Published by the author.
OLD LAMPS AND New, and Other Verse. By Edward Wil-
lard Watson, M.D. 8vo, uncut, pp. 114. H. W. Fisher
& Co.
THE ROCK-A-BYE BOOK and a Bag of Dreams: Children's
Lyrics By William Sinclair Lord. 12mo, uncut, pp.
54. Fleming H. Revell Co. 75 cts. net.
SONGS AND LYRICS FROM THE DRAMATISTS, 1533-1777.
With photogravure frontispiece, 24mo, gilt top, pp. 243.
Charles Scribner's Sons. Leather, $1.25 net.
A BOOK OF OLD ENGLISH LOVE SONGS. With introduction
by Hamilton Wright Mabie and drawings by George
Wharton Edwards. New edition; 12mo, uncut, pp.
158. Macmillan Co. $1.25 net.
FICTION.
THE GAMBLER. By Katherine Cecil Thurston. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 500. Harper & Brothers. $1.50.
THE MAN OF THE HOUR. By Octave Thanet. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 477. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50.
THE FLIGHT OF GEORGIANA : A Story of Love and Peril
in England in 1746. By Robert Neilson Stephens.
Illus., 12mo, pp. 339. L. C. Page & Co. $1.50.
AT THE SIGN OF THE JACK O' LANTERN. By Myrtle Reed.
12mo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 353. G. P. Putnam's Sons.
$1.50 net.
MCALLISTER AND HIS DOUBLE. By Arthur Train. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 341. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.50.
THE SOCIAL SECRETARY. By David Graham Phillips. Il-
lus. in photogravure and with decorations, 8vo, pp.
198. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50.
LOVE ALONE IS LORD. By F. Frankfort Moore. 12mo, pp.
506. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50 net.
THE TRIDENT AND THE NET. By the author of 'The
Martyrdom of an Empress. Illus. in color by the
author, 8vo, gilt top, uncut, pp. 560. Harper & Broth-
ers. $1.50 net.
HE AND HECUBA. By Baroness Von Hutten. 12mo, pp.
299. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
MINERVA'S MANOEUVRES : The Cheerful Facts of a Re-
turn to Nature." By Charles Battell Loomis. Illus.,
12mo, pp. 415. A. S. Barnes & Co. $1.50.
PIPETOWN SANDY. By John Philip Sousa. Illus., 12mo,
Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50.
THE GRAPPLE: A Story of the Illinois Coal Region. By
Grace MacGowan Cooke. With frontispiece in color,
12mo, pp. 415. A. S. Barnes & Co. $1.50.
THE HUNDRED DAYS. By Max Pemberton. Illus., 12mo,
D. Appleton & Co. $1.50.
pp. 335.
pp. 383.
pp. 389.


1905.]
215
THE DIAL
THE RELIGION OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. By Georg
Steindorff, Ph.D. 8vo, uncut, pp. 178. • American
Lectures on the History of Religions. G. P. Put-
nam's Sons. $1.50 net.
THE
CHILD AND RELIGION : Eleven Essays by various
writers. Edited by Thomas Stephens, B.A. 12mo,
pp. 371.
Crown Theological Library.' G. P. Put-
nam's Sons. $1.50 net.
BUDDHIST AND CHRISTIAN GOSPELS: Being Gospel
Parallels from Pali Texts. Now first compared from
the originals by Albert J. Edmunds. Third and com-
plete edition ; edited by M. Anesaki. Large 8vo, pp.
240. Open Court Publishing Co.
TELLING BIBLE STORIES. By Louisa Seymour Houghton ;
with introduction by Rev. T. T. Munger, D.D. 12mo,
pp. 286.
Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.25 net.
LIFE MORE ABUNDANT : Scriptural Truth in Modern
Application. By Henry Wood. 12mo, gilt top, pp.
313. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co. $1.20 net.
RELIGION AND POLITICS, By Algernon Sidney Crapsey.
12mo, pp. 326. Thomas Whittaker. $1.25 net.
THE REVIVAL: A SYMPOSIUM. Collected and edited by
Rev. J. H. MacDonald. 12mo, pp. 147. Jennings &
Graham. 75 cts. net.
THE EVANGELISTIC AWAKENING. By Wentworth F. Stew-
art. 12mo, pp. 201. Jennings & Graham. 75 cts. net,
IMMORTALITY: Whence, and for Whom? By the Rev.
William Ker, M.A. Second edition, revised; 16mo,
pp. 167.
London : Elliot Stock. Paper.
THE YOUNG MAN WITH A PROGRAM, and Other_Sermons to
Young Men. By George P. Eckman, D.D. With
portrait, 12mo, pp. 142. Jennings & Graham. 50 cts.
POLITICS.
A HISTORY OF POLITICAL THEORIES, from Luther to
Montesquieu. By William Archibald Dunning, Ph.D.
Large 8vo, gilt top, pp. 459. Macmillan Co. $2.50 net.
POLITICAL X-RAYS. By Leslie Chase. 12mo, gilt top,
uncut, pp. 343. Grafton Press. $1.50 net.
pp. 257.
A DAUGHTER OF THE SOUTH: A War's End Romance. By
George Cary Eggleston. Illus., 12mo, pp. 403. Loth-
rop Publishing Co. $1.50.
THE COLONEL'S DREAM. By Charles W. Chesnutt. 12mo,
pp. 294.
Doubleday, Page & Co. $1.50.
SHAKESPEARE'S CHRISTMAS, and Other Stories. By 'Q.'
(A. T. Quiller-Couch). Illus., 12mo, pp. 335. Long-
mans, Green, & Co. $1.50.
THE HEART OF A GIRL. By Ruth Kimball Gardiner. Il-
lus., 12mo, pp. 386. A. S. Barnes & Co. $1.50.
THE VORTEXBy Thomas McKean. 12mo, pp. 324. J.
B. Lippincott Co. $1.50.
MRS. JIM AND MRS. JIMMIE : Certain Town Experiences
of the Second Mrs. Jim, as Related to Jimmie's Wife.
By Stephen Conrad. With frontispiece in color, 12mo,
uncut, pp. 296. L. C. Page & Co. $1.50.
THE LITTLE GREEN DOOR. By Mary E. Stone Bassett.
Illus., 12mo, gilt top, pp. 341. Lothrop Publishing
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