673 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARY 1 ! THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARY 544050 Dial June 28. Ree 2019772 - starttu Coublin La olunghen - 1 1 1 1 1 Social THE DIAL D || A FORTNIGHTLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information XATS VOLUME LXIII June 28 to December 20, 1917 CHICAGO THE DIAL PUBLISHING COMPANY 1. BE 11 22:57 C Server }, Save TASTE 1971 5.ย. DAY ALE 1.192 Ta 751 12 11. NI S.ES 10 F5 21" 8t il ܐܶܬ݁ܝ - AY 117 АР. Thr మందులు เสี 11\៖ 113 ! 514950 INDEX TO VOLUME LXIII PAGE . . . . 1 .640 · 517 394 343 . 388 393 633 111 . 513 . 155 95 447 437 269 274 24 156 18 391 53 . 150 · 272 · 521 · 262 . . . . . . 60 . . . . Verse "APOLOGIA,” ANOTHER Vida D. Scudder ARCHITECTURE, Gothic Claude Bragdon Asiatic FRONTIER, AN W. G. Tinckom-Fernandez BelgiAN CARTHAGE, THE Randolph Bourne BelgiAN RENAISSANCE, THE Lewis Galantiere BENAVENTE, JACINTO. Padraic Colum. CHINA, PROVENCE, AND POINTS ADJACENT Louis Untermeyer COLLECTIVIST ADVANCE, The Donald R. Richberg CONFECTIONERY AND CAVIAR . Conrad Aiken CONSTITUTION, THE AMERICAN Frederick Warren Jenkins CRITICISM, CREATIVE Bayard Bojesen CRITICISM WITH AN UNHAPPY ENDING Richard Offner . CRUDITY, AN APOLOGY FOR Sherwood Anderson . DARKNESS OF MYSTICAL LIGHT, THE . M. C. Otto . DISCIPLINE George Bernard Donlin DOSTOEVSKY, THE IMMANENCE OF Randolph Bourne EDUCATION, PROGRESS IN Bayard Boyesen . EGO, AN EXACERBATED Odell Shepard ENGLAND, A WORLD SAFE FOR V. T. Thayer ENGLAND AT WAR, The MIND OF Harold J. Laski ENGLISH Poets, THREE Conrad Aiken ENGLISH SPORTS AND FOREIGN TEMPERAMENTS John Macy FAILURE, THE STORY OF A John Macy FATIGUES Verse Richard Aldington FEDERALISTS AND REPUBLICANS William E. Dodd FEMINISM, The LATER Randolph Bourne FERRI, ENRICO . L. L. Bernard FICTION, HONEST AMERICAN John Macy Fig Tree, A R. S. Mitchell FRANCE, LITERARY AFFAIRS IN Robert Dell FRANCE, LITERARY AFFAIRS IN Theodore Stanton FRANCE, The New Poets of Pierre de Lanux FRENCH THEATRE, IDEALISM IN THE NEW Amy Wellington FREUDIAN HALF-HOLIDAY, A Edward Sapir GARDEN DREAM Verse Margaret Widdemer GEORGE, STEFAN, The POETRY OF William Kilborne Stewart . GERMANY DEMOCRATIC, MAKING V. T. Thayer GERMANY, LIBERAL, AND THE WÁR Ward Swain GERMANY, The MIND OF H. M. Kallen GOETHE William Lyon Phelps GORKY George Bernard Donlin GREEK VASES Helen Gardner . HISTORY AS PURPOSIVE TENDENCY V. T. Thayer HODGSON, RALPH, THE POETRY OF John Gould Fletcher Howells, MR., AND THE ANGLOPHOBE Helen Thomas Follett HUMANIST, AN AMERICAN Randolph Bourne IBSEN: JOURNEYMAN DRAMATIST H. L. Mencken . IDEALISM, A DEFENCE OF M. C. Otto . IMAGISTS, THE . Henry B. Fuller IMMIGRANT, THE PROBLEM OF THE L. L. Bernard IN THE TRENCHES Verse Richard Aldington IN THE TRENCHES, TO ONE Verse Rose Henderson INDIA, POTENTIAL W. G. Tinckom-Fernandez INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, THE . Randolph Bourne INTERNATIONALISM, THE GOSPEL OF Walter E. Weyl Irish DRAMATIST, ANOTHER Williams Haynes JAMES, HENRY: A RHAPSODY OF YOUTH John Angus Burrell JAMES, HenrY, AND THE UNTOLD STORY Wilson Follett JAMES, WILLIAM H. M. Kallen JAPAN, THE CLASSICAL STAGE OF Henry B. Fuller KING COAL. Edith Franklin Wyatt LITTLE THEATRË Movement, First Fruits of the Williams Haynes 138995 . 103 338 . 112 · 513 441, 577 11, 101, 329 . 257 . 625 635 441 567 . 515 . 104 . 263 . 451 154 639 200 50 · 331 · 148 . 323 582 . 271 205 . 579 630 • 203 642 · 198 • 208 260 579 141 209 · 587 586 . • . . . V iv INDEX PAGE . . . . • . . . · 333 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · 385 . LONDON, LITERARY AFFAIRS IN Edward Shanks 144, 385, 511, 631 MISUNDERSTANDING, AN ESSAY IN M. C. Otto . 106 MR. BRITLING SEES SPOOKS John Macy 13 MYSTICS, LUCID J. DeLancey Ferguson guson 207 MYTHOLOGY IN THE MAKING Helen A. Clarke . 158 NIETZSCHE, DENATURED Randolph Bourne . 389 NIGHT ON THE BEACH Verse John Gould Fletcher 525 Novels, SHORTER, A PLEA FOR Henry B. Fuller 139 PACIFISM, A FRUSTRATED PROPHET OF Joseph Jastrow . 146 PARNASSIAN ROMANCE, A Gilbert Vivian Seldes : . 396 PATRIOTISM AND THE WORKERS H. M. Kallen PATRIOTISM, THE RELIGION OF Max Sylvius Handman 152 PEACE, LASTING, THE STRUCTURE OF H. M. Kallen . . 383, 439, 506, 570, 627 PERSONALITIES OF A HALF-CENTURY Garland Greever 518 PHILOSOPHY, GET-RICH-QUICK M. C. Otto . 449 Po-Chu-I, A GREAT CHINESE POET Edward Garnett 381 POETRY AS SUPERNATURALISM Conrad Aiken 202 POETRY, MODERN AMERICAN, TENDENCIES IN Henry B. Fuller 444 POLAND, THE FUTURE OF Frederic Austin Ogg 583 POLYGLOT EMPIRE, The Frederic Austin Ogg . 637 PRESIDENT, THE, AN ENGLISH VIEW OF Donald R. Richberg . 342 PRIMITIVE EMOTION Ruth McIntire . 211 PROFESSOR, THE, AND THE PUBLIC INTEREST, The Case of John Dewey : . 435 PROTEAN MUSE, A . Conrad Aiken 55 PRUSSIANISM, The RELAXING GRIP OF C. H.. 159 PSYCHOANALYSIS AS A PATHFINDER Edward Sapir 267 Psycho-ANALYSIS, The DRAMATIST OF Williams Haynes 63 PSYCHOLOGY IN A VACUUM . B. I. Kinne 643 Quiet Verse M. L. C. Pickthall. READING FOR CHILDREN Sidonie Matzner Gruenberg . 575 REALISM IN PROSE FICTION Edward Sapir · 503 REALISTS, DIVERS Conrad Aiken 453 REDISCOVERY AND ROMANCE Gilbert Vivian Seldes : 65 RENAISSANCE IN SPAIN, THE Claude Bragdon 17 RETROSPECTIVE ROMANCE Louis S. Friedland . 265 RHYME, The Twilight of Edward Sapir 98 RODIN Richard Offner . 623 RUSSIAN LITERATURE: THE QUEST FOR Life's MEANING Louis S. Friedland . 47 RUSSIAN, THE SOUL OF THE Louis S. Friedland . 199 SCAMMON LECTURES, THE William Aspenwall Bradley . 110 SUPERNORMAL, AN ARTIST OF THE Amy Wellington 195 SWINBURNE LEGEND, THE B. I. Kinne . 21 THOREAU AND “The Wild' Norman Foerster 8 THOREAU, THE VITALITY OF William B. Cairns . 59 TOLERANCE, THE LIMITS OF Hartley B. Alexander 326 TOLERATION, A PARABLE OF John Macy. . 345 TONSON, JACOB George Bernard Donlin 523 TRADE, SOUTH AMERICAN, THE STRUGGLE FOR Frederic Austin Ogg 57 TRANSCENDENTALIST EGOTISM, THE SPANKING OF H. M. Kallen TWIN PROPHETS OF PLATITUDE AND PARADOX H. M. Kallen 445 UNIVERSITY, THE IDEA OF A Randolph Bourne . 509 VERSIFIED HENRY JAMES . Odell Shepard 339 WAR, CONSCIENCE AND INTELLIGENCE IN Randolph Bourne 193 WAR, EMOTIONALISM AND B. I. Kinne 206 WAR, OPINION AND Harold J. Laski 15 War, The, AND THE LABOR PROGRAMME H. M. Kallen 5 War, The Truth ABOUT George Bernard Donlin . 455 WHARTON, EDITH John Macy. . 161 WHIMS George Bernard Donlin . 344 WORLD ORGANIZATION, A NUCLEUS OF Frederic Austin Ogg · 520 Zemstvo, The . Samuel N. Harper . 23 . . . . . . . • . . . . . • . 64 . . . . . THE . . . . . . 1 INDEX V AUTHORS AND TITLES OF BOOKS REVIEWED 18 ...... 592 .. PAGE Abbot, G. F. Turkey, Greece, and the Great Powers.... 164 Abbott, Grace. The Immigrant and the Community. 205 Adams, Franklin P. Weights and Measures. 528 Anderson, Sherwood. Marching Men. 274 Anesaki, Masaharu. Nichiren, the Buddhist Prophet.... 411 Apukhtin, A. From Death to Life.. 282 Archer, William, Compiled by. Gems (?) of German Thought 263 Arndt, Walter Tallmadge. The Emancipation of the American City 276 Atherton, Gertrude. The Living Present.. 166 Atlantic Classics, The... 219 Austin, Mary. The Ford. 112 Bacon, Charles W., and Franklyn S. Morse. The Ameri- can Plan of Government. 155 Bailey, Wm. F. The Slavs of the War Zone. 199 Bain, F. W. The Livery of Eve.. 168 Bainville, Jacques. Italy and the War. 15 Bang, T. P., A documentation by. Hurrah and Hallelu- jah. The Teaching of Germany's Poets, Prophets, and Preachers 263 Barbusse, Henri. Under Fire. 455 Barlow, Jane. Irish Idylls.. 459 Barnes, R. Gorell. Days of Destiny. 645 Barron, C. W. The Mexican Problem 400 Batten, L. W. The Relief of Pain by Mental Suggestion 352 Beer, George Louis. The English-Speaking Peoples.... 520 Benavente, Jacinto. Plays by Jacinto Benavente. 393 Bennett, Arnold. Books and Persons... 523 Benson, Stella. This Is the End.. 117 Berenson, Bernhard. The Study and Criticism of Italian Art (Third Series).. 447 Bizzell, William Bennett. The Social Teachings of the Jewish Prophets 534 Blackwood, Algernon. Day and Night Stories.. 532 Blanchard, Ralph H. Liability and Compensation Insur- ance 634 Bogardus, Emory S. Introduction to Sociology. 596 Bolton, Herbert E. Pacific Ocean in History. 646 Boreham, F. W. The Other Side of the Hill.. 466 Bostwick, Arthur E. The American Public Library. 468 Bottome, Phyllis. The Derelict 73 Bottome, Phyllis. The Second Fiddle. 463 Bourne, Randolph. Education and Living. 156 Bradford, Gamaliel. A Naturalist of Souls.. 459 Bradley, William Aspenwall. Old Christmas and Other Kentucky Tales in Verse. 453 Brady, Cyrus Townsend. When the Sun Stool Still.... 74 Bragdon, Claude, Ralph Adams Cram, Thomas Hastings, and. Six Lectures on Architecture (Scammon Lec- tures, 1915) 110 Brailsford, Henry Noel. A League of Nations.. 198 Braithwaite, William Stanley, The Poetic Year for 1916. A Critical Anthology.. 202 Brandes, Georg. The World at War. 15 Bronner, Augusta F. The Psychology of Special Abili- ties and Disabilities.. 411 Brooks, Alden. The Fighting Men. 282 Brown, Alice. Bromley Neighborhood 280 Brown, George Rothwell. My Country. 220 Brubaker, Howard. Ranny 354 Bryan, William Jennings. Heart to Heart Appeals.. 445 Bullitt, Ernesta Drinker. An Uncensored Diary. 29 Bülow, Prince. Imperial Germany. 15 Burbank, Emily. Woman as Decoration. 530 Burgess, Gelett. Mrs. Hope's Husband... 282 Burke, Thomas. Limehouse Nights : Tales of Chinatown 65 Burke, Thomas. Nights in Town: A London Autobiog- raphy 65 Butler, Ellis Parker. Dominie Dean.. 74 Butler, Samuel. The Note-Books of Samuel Butler..... 106 Byrne, Arthur, and Mildred Stapley. Spanish Archi- tecture of the Sixteenth Century. 17 Cable, Boyd. Grapes of Wrath. 219 Cade, Coulson T. Dandelions... 403 Caffin, Charles Henry. How to Study Architecture..... 527 Cahan, Abraham. The Rise of David Levinsky. 521 Cambridge History of American Literature. 646 Campbell, R. J. A Spiritual Pilgrimage.. 640 Canfield, Dorothy. Understood Betsy.. Carnovale, Luigi. Why Italy Entered into the Great War 212 PAGE Carnoy, Albert J. The Mythology of All Races. Vol. VI: Iranian 158 Carr, J. Comyns. The Ideals of Painting. 115 Carroll, Dixie. Lake and Stream Game Fishing. 408 Channing, Edward. A History of the United States. Vol. IV. The Federalists and Republicans. 60 Chapman, Arthur. Out Where the West Begins. Chevrillon, André. England and the War.. 53 Cholmondeley, Alice. Christine 220 Cleghorn, Sarah N. Portraits and Protests. 525 Coad, Oral Sumner. William Dunlap.. 461 Coan, C. Arthur. The Fragrant Note Book. 167 Cocke, Sarah Johnston. The Master of the Hills. 163 Cohen, Israel. The Ruhleben Prison Camp..... 68 Coit, Stanton. Is Civilization a Disease ?. 445 Coleman, Frederic. With Cavalry in the Great War.... 589 Cooper, James A. Cap'n Abe, Storekeeper..... 354 Corwin, Edward H. Lewinski-. See Lewinski-Corwin. Couch, Sir Arthur Quiller.. See Quiller-Couch. Coulevain, Pierre de. The Unknown Isle..... 532 Coxwell, C. Fillingham. Through Russia in War Time.. 276 Cram, Mildred. Old Seaport Towns of the South. Cram, Ralph Adams. The Substance of Gothic.... 517 Cram, Ralph Adams, Thomas Hastings, and Claude Brag- don. Six Lectures on Architecture (Scammon Lec- tures, 1915) 110 Cravath, Paul D. Great Britain's Part. 212 Crocker, Bosworth. The Last Straw. 586 Cromer, Earl of, and Others. After-War Problems.... 391 Curle, Richard. The Echo of Voices.. 353 Curtin, D. Thomas. The Land of the Deepening Shadow 15 Dalrymple, Leona. Kenny 281 Dampierre, Jacques Marquis de. German Imperialism and International Law 214 Davies, George R. Social Environment. 72 Destrée, Jules. Britain in Arms (L'Effort Britannique) 594 Dixon, Royal, and Franklyn E. Fitch. The Human Side of Trees 537 Dorsey, George A. Young Low. 163 Dostoevsky, Fyodor. The Eternal Husband.. 24 Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan. A History of the Great War. Vol. II. The British Campaign in France and Flan- ders, 1915 592 Duncan, Frances. The Joyous Art of Gardening.. 68 Durant, Will. Philosophy and the Social Problem...... 449 Eaton, Walter Pritchard. Plays and Players : Leaves from a Critic's Scrapbook.... 115 Eekhoud, Georges. The New Carthage.. 343 Eliot, T. S. Prufrock and Other Observations. 453 Elliot, Hugh. Herbert Spencer..... 146 Elliott, Francis Perry. Lend Me Your Name!.. 74 Elliott, L. G. Brazil Today and Tomorrow.. 278 Ellwood, Charles A. An Introduction to Social Psy- chology 167 Emerson, Edward Waldo. Henry Thoreau as Remem- bered by a Young Friend. 401 Empey, Arthur Guy. Over the Top. 114 Empty House, The 112 Erskine, John. The Shadowed Hour. 453 Evans, A. H. Birds of Britain-Their Distribution and Habits 398 Exile X. Saint Séductre. 281 Ex-Mill-Girl, An. Helen of Four Gates. 211 Fabre, J. Henri. The Life of a Grasshopper.. 214 Faris, John T. Old Roads out of Philadelphia.. 528 Farrère, Claude. The Man Who Killed.. 597 Fenollosa, Ernest, and Ezra Pound. "Noh," or Accom- plishment: A Study of the Classical Stage of Japan 209 Ferber, Edna. Fanny Herself... 463 Ferenczi, Andrew S. Contributions to Psychoanalysis.. 411 Fernau, Hermann. The Coming Democracy. 515 Ferri, Enrico. Criminal Sociologist... 338 Ficke, Arthur Davison. An April Elegy. 339 Field, Louise Maunsell. The Little Gods Laugh. 354 Figgis, John Neville. The Will to Freedom... 389 Finck, Henry T. Richard Strauss, the Man and His Works 584 Fisher, Benjamin. Francis Thompson Essays.. 409 Fisher, Mary. The Treloars.... 463 Fitzmaurice, George. Five Plays.. 208 Flandrau, Grace Hodgson. Cousin Julia. 353 1 403 vi INDEX . ..... 644 VI: 5 70 PAGE Flecker, James Elroy, The Collected Poems of. 18 Flecker, James Elroy. The King of Alsander.. 396 Foote, Mary Hallock. Edith Bonham. 112 Foster, William T. Should Students Study ?. 69 Fox, John, Jr. In Happy Valley... 464 France, Anatole. The Human Tragedy. 531 Freeman, John. The Moderns.. 164 Freud, Sigmund. Delusion and Dream. 635 Frothingham, Paul Revere. A Confusion of Tongues... 536 Fuess, Claude M. An Old New England School. 408 Gale, Zona. A Daughter of the Morning.. 531 Galsworthy, John. Beyond 272 Garrison, Theodosia. The Dreamers and Other Poems.. 513 Gerard, James W. My Four Years in Germany..... 460 German Deserter's War Experience, A... 401 Gerould, Gordon Hall. Peter Sanders, Retired... 73 Gibbons, Herbert Adams. The Reconstruction of Poland and the Near East.. 583 Gibbs, Winifred Stuart. The Minimum Cost of Living: A Study of Families of Limited Income in New York City 351 Gibson, Wilfrid Wilson. Collected Poems... 453 Glaspell, Susan. Trifles 586 Gleason, Arthur. Inside the British Isles. 15 Gleason, Arthur. Our Part in the Great War. 349 Gleason, Herbert W. Through the Year with Thoreau.. 466 Godfrey, Thomas. The Prince of Parthia: A Tragedy.. 215 Goldman, Mayer C. The Public Defender.. 30 Gorky, Maxim. In the World.. 154 Gosse, Edmund. The Life of Algernon Charles Swin- burne 21 Graham, Stephen. Russia in 1916... 265 Grandgent, Charles Hall. The Ladies of Dante's Lyrics.. 527 Greenough, C. N., and F. W. C. Hersey. English Compo- sition 410 Gribble, Francis. Women in War.. 166 Hall, G. Stanley. Jesus, the Christ, in the Light of Psychology Halsey, Francis W. Balfour, Viviani and Joffre. 594 Hamilton, Cosmo. Scandal.... 354 Hammond, J. L. and Barbara. The Town Labourer... 642 Hancock, H. Irving. Physical Training for Business Men 466 Hankey, Donald. A Student in Arms. 213 Hannay, David. Porfirio Diaz 279 Harben, Will N. The Triumph.. 402 Hardy, Arthur Sherburne. No. 13 Rue du Bon Diable.. 597 Harris, H. Wilson. President Wilson from an English Point of View 342 Harrison, Joseph Le Roy, Chosen by William Haynes and. Camp-Fire Verse 529 Harvey, Alexander. William Dean Howells : A Study of the Achievement of a Literary Artist.. 331 Haslett, Harriet Holmes. Dolores of the Sierra and Other One Act Plays.. 586 Hastings, Thomas, Ralph Adams Cram, and Claude Bragdon. Six Lectures on Architecture (Scam- mon Lectures, 1915) 110 Hawthorne, Hildegarde. Rambles in Old College Towns 534 Hay, Ian. The Oppressed English.. 461 Haynes, William, and Joseph LeRoy Harrison, Chosen by. Camp-Fire Verse 529 Hazen, Charles Downer. The French Revolution and Napoleon 80 Healy, William. Mental Conflicts and Misconduct. 219 Heath, Arthur George. Letters of Arthur George Heath 218 Hergesheimer, Joseph. The Three Black Pennies...... 643 Henderson, Lawrence J. The Order of Nature.. 528 Hersey, F. W. C., C. N. Greenough and English Com- position 410 Hewes, Amy, and Henrietta R. Walter. Women Munition Makers 333 Higginson, Ella. Alaska: The Great Country. 350 Hill, Marion. McAllister's Grove.. 74 Hobson, John A. The Evolution of Modern Capitalism.. 457 Hodgson, Ralph. Poems 150 Hoffenstein, Samuel. Life Sings a Song. 55 Hollingworth, H. L., and A. T. Poffenberger. The Sense of Taste 409 Hoppin, Joseph Clark. Euthymides and his Fellows.. 639 Hough, Emerson. The Broken Gate. 647 Howe, E. W. Story of a Country Town.. 647 Hubbard, G. E. From the Persian Gulf to Ararat. 394 Hughes, Rupert. We Can't Have Everything.. 463 Humphreys, Frank Landon. Life and Times of David Humphreys 462 PAGE Huneker, James. Unicorns 344 Hungerford, Edward. The Railroad Problem. 398 Ingpen, Arthur Robert. An Ancient Family. 536 Irwin, Wallace. Pilgrims into Folly 403 Irwin, Will. The Latin at War. 348 James, George Wharton. Arizona the Wonderland. James, Henry. The Ivory Tower. The Sense of the Past 579 James, Herman G. Municipal Functions. 276 Jensen, Wilhelm. Gradiva 635 Jones, W. Tudor. The Spiritual Ascent of Man.. 537 Joyce, Thomas A. Central American and West Indian Archaeology 467 Judson, Katherine Berry. Myths and Legends of British North America 461 Keith, A. Berriedale. The Mythology of All Races. Vol. Indian 158 Kelley, Ethel M. Turn About Eleanor. 463 Kellogg, Charlotte. Women of Belgium. 277 Kernahan, Coulson. In Good Company. 347 Kester, Paul. His Own Country... 163 Kilmer, Joyce. Main Street and Other Poems. 513 King, Basil. The High Heart.. 463 King, D. Macdougall. The Battle with Tuberculosis and How to Win It.... 460 Koebel, W. H. British Exploits in South America. 57 Krehbiel, Henry Edward. A Second Book of Operas. 72 Kuser, John Dryden. The Way to Study Birds. 352 Laidler, Harry M., Edited by William English Walling and. State Socialism Pro and Con... 111 Langner, Lawrence. Another Way Out. 586 Lauck, W. Jett, and Edgar Sydenstricker. Conditions of Labor in American Industries... 350 Laufer, Berthold. The Beginnings of Porcelain in China 70 Lee, A. H. E., Chosen by D. H. S. Nicholson and. The Oxford Book of English Mystical Verse... 207 Leith, Mrs. Disney. Algernon Charles Swinburne. 275 Leslie, Henrietta. Where Runs the River.... Le Strange, Hamon. Le Strange Records ... 536 Lethbridge, Marjorie and Alan. The Soul of the Russian 199 Levi, N. A Character Sketch of General The Hon. J. C. Smuts 348 Lewinski-Corwin, Edward H. The Political History of Poland 583 Lewis, Sinclair. The Innocents. 531 Life of Lazarillo de Tormes. 216 Lindsay, Vachel. The Chinese Nightingale. Lippincott, H. M. Early Philadelphia.. 593 Locke, William J. The Red Planet.. 162 Lodge, Sir Oliver. Raymond, or Life and Death. 164 Long. William J. Outlines of English and American Literature 352 Loti, Pierre. War 400 Lowell, Amy. Tendencies in Modern American Poetry.. 444 Lucas, St. John. April Folly... 73 Macbeth, Madge. Kleath.. 73 Mace, Arthur C., and Herbert E. Winlock. The Tomb of Senebtisi at Lisht 69 MacFarlane, Charles. Reminiscences of a Literary Life 518 MacKay, Helen. Journal of Small Things.. 29 Mackaye, Percy. Community Drama. 277 Maclean, Stuart. Alexis 281 MacQuarrie, Hector. How to Live at the Front. 589 Maher, Richard Aumerle. Gold Must be Tried by Fire 112 Marcosson, Isaac F. The War after the War. 213 Mare, Walter de la. Peacock Pie... 150 Masefield, John. Lollingdon Downs. 55 Mathews, John Mabry. Principles of American State Administration 71 Mathews, Shailer. The Spiritual Interpretation of His- tory (William B. Noble Lectures, 1916). 200 Maupassant, Guy de. The Second Odd Number. A Col. lection 74 McCabe, Joseph. The Pope's Favorite. 118 McKenna, Stephen. Sonia: Between Two Worlds. 280 McLaren, A. D. Germanism from Within. 401 Merwin, Samuel. Temperamental Henry. 464 Miller, Alice Duer. Ladies Must Live.. 354 Mills, Enos A. Your National Parks.. 115 Monro, Harold. Strange Meetings. 150 Moore, Clifford Herschel Religious Thought of the Greeks from Homer to the Triumph of Christianity 467 Moorehead, Warren K. Stone Ornaments of the Ameri- can Indians 468 Morley, Christopher. Parnassus on Wheels. 403 Morse, Edward S. Japan Day by Day.. 591 633 as INDEX vii PAGE Scarborough, Dorothy. The Supernatural in Modern English Fiction 590 Schierbrand, Wolf von. Austria-Hungary: The Polyglot Empire 637 Schnitzler, Arthur. Comedies of Words. 63 Scholefield, G. H. New Zealand in lution.. 525 Scott, Leonora Cranch. The Life and Letters of Chris- topher Pearse Cranch 69 Seeger, Alan. Letters and Diary of Alan Seeger. 206 Selincourt, Hugh. A Soldier of Life.... 280 Seton, Ernest Thompson. The Arctic Prairies. 534 Severance, Frank H. An Old Frontier of France. 458 Shelley, Letters About.... 645 Shepherd, William G. Confessions of a War Corres- pondent 166 Sheppard, Alfred Tresidder. The Quest of Ledgar Dunstan 532 Sherwood, Margaret. Familiar Ways.. 466 Shipley, Arthur Everett. Studies in Insect Life. 399 Shorey, Paul. The Assault on Humanism... 148 Shorter, Clement. The Brontës and Their Circle. 68 Showerman, Grant. A Country Child.... 592 Shute, Henry A. The Youth Plupy. 647 Sidgwick, Mrs. Alfred. Salt of the Earth. 353 Sidis, Boris. Philistine and Genius. 218 Simonis, H. The Street of Ink. 399 Sims, Newell L. Ultimate Democracy and Its Making 352 Sinclair, May. A Defence of Idealism. 682 Sinclair, Upton. King Coal....... 587 Sizer, James Peyton. The Commercialization of Leisure 461 Skinnider, Margaret. Doing My Bit for Ireland.... 218 Smith, Alice R. Hugher, and D. E. Hugher. The Dwel- ling Houses of Charleston, South Carolina. 590 Snaith, J. C. The Coming..., 345 Soldier of France to His Mother, A.. 279 Some Imagist Poets, 1917. An Anthology.. 271 Souiny, Baroness. Russia of Yesterday and Tomorrow.. 214 Souza, Count Charles de Germany in Defeat.. 68 Spens, Janet. An Essay on Shakespeare's Relation to Tradition 216 Squire, B. J. C. Tricks of the Trade. 18 St. John, The Love Letters of... 647 Stapley, Mildred, Arthur Byrne and. Spanish Archi- tecture of the Sixteenth Century. 17 Stephens, H. Morse. Pacific Ocean in History 646 Stern, E. G. My Mother and I... 402 Sterne, Elaine. The Road of Ambition. 280 Stevenson, Burton E. A King in Babylon.. 281 Stevenson, William Yorke. At the Front in a Flivver. 589 Stewart, Basil. On Collecting Japanese Colour-Prints.. 352 Stoddard, T. Lothrop. Present-Day Europe. 15 Stourm, René. The Budget 459 Straight Road, The 112 Sullivan, Alan. The Inner Door. 647 Swope, Herbert Bayard. Inside the German Empire.... 29 Sydenstricker, Edgar, W. Jett Lauck and, Conditions of Labor in American Industries. 350 Taber, Susan. The Optimist.. 597 Tagore, Rabindranath. Personality 269 Teasdale, Sara. Love Songs. 457 Temperley, Harold W. V. History of Serbia. 637 Thomas, Calvin. Goethe 451 Thurston, E. Temple. Enchantment. 73 Tiet jens, Eunice. Profiles from China. 116 Tilden, Freeman. Second Wind.. 167 Torrence, Ridgely. Plays for a Negro Theatre. Granny Maumee; The Rider of Dreams ; Simon the Cyrenian 529 Treitschke, Heinrich von. History of Germany in the Nineteenth century. Vol. II.. 152 Turquet-Milnes, G. Some Modern Belgian Writers..... 388 Turner, Alfred. On Falling in Love, and Other Matters 535 Twain, Mark (Ouija Board). Jap Herron. 597 Underwood, John Curtis. War Flames.. 55 Updegraff, Allan. Second Youth 112 Vaka, Demetra. The Heart of the Balkans. 348 Vallings, Gabrielle. Bindweed 74 Vanderblue, Homer Bews. Railroad Valuation. 217 Van Kleeck, Mary. A Seasonal Industry... 349 Verrill, A. Hyatt. The Book of Camping.. 116 Vinogradoff, Paul. The Russian Problem... 351 Vinogradov, Paul. Self-Government in Russia.. 23 Vivian, Herbert. Italy at War.. 399 Wadsley, Olive. Conquest 597 Wallace, William Kay. Greater Italy.. 30 PAGE Morse, Franklyn S., Charles W. Bacon and. The Ameri- can Plan of Government.. 155 Moulton, Harold G. Principles of Money and Banking.. 71 Muir, Ramsay. The Expansion of Europe ; The Culmina- tion of Modern History 460 Mukerjie, Radhakamal. The Foundations of Indian Economics 203 Mutzenberg, Charles G. Kentucky's Famous Feuds and Tragedies 352 Nathan, George Jean. Mr. George Jean Nathan Presents 457 Neill, A. S. A Dominie Dismissed.. 408 Neilson, William Allan. Burns: How to Know Him... 410 Nevins, Allan. Illinois 530 Nicholson, D. H. S., and A. H. E. Lee, Chosen by. The Oxford Book of English Mystical Verse... 207 Noble, Edward. Outposts of the Fleet... 400 Norris, Mrs. Kathleen. Martie, the Unconquered. 220 Novikoff, Madame Olga. Russian Memories... 116 Noyes, Alfred. Open Boats 409 Noyes, George Rapall, Edited by. Plays by Ostrovsky... 398 O'Brien, Edward J. White Fountains : Odes and Lyrics 18 Oppenheim, E. Phillips. The Cinema Murder.......... 73 Osgood, Charles Grosvenor. A Concordance to the Poems of Edmund Spenser 349 Ossiannilsson, K. G. Militarism at Work in Belgium and Germany 526 Ossiannilsson, K. G. Who Is Right in the World War? 15 Oxford Poetry, 1916 18 Paris, William Francklyn. Decorative Elements in Archi- tecture 352 Partridge, Edward Bellamy. Sube Cane.. 118 Paterson, Donald G., Rudolf Pintner and. A Scale of Performance Tests 399 Paton, David, Edited by. Egyptian Records of Travel in Western Asia. Vol. II.. 72 Peabody, Francis Greenwood. The Religious Education of an American Citizen..... 278 Pennell, Elizabeth Robins. The Lovers. 165 Pennell, Joseph. Pictures of War Work in England. 29 Pfister, Oskar. The Psychoanalytic Method... 267 Pintner, Rudolf, and Donald G. Paterson. A Scale of Performance Tests 399 Poe, Edgar Allan. The Poems of Edgar Allan Poe.... 595 Poffenberger, A. T., H. L. Hollingworth and. The Sense of Taste 409 Poole, Ernest. His Family. 112 Potter, Murray Anthony. Four Essays.. 593 Pottier, Edmund. Douris and the Painters of Greek Vases 639 Pound, Ezra, Ernest Fenollosa and. "Noh," or Accom- plishment: A Study of the Classical Stage of Japan 209 Pound, Ezra. Lustra. 633 Powell, Alexander. Italy' at War. Powell, Chilton Latham. English Domestic Relations, 1487-1653 851 Powys, John Cowper. Mandragora. 513 Pyle, Joseph Gilpin. The Life of James J. Hill.. 217 Quiller-Couch, Sir Arthur. Notes on Shakespeare's Work- manship 468 Quivis. Interiora Rerum, or The Inside of Things. 593 Raine, William MacLeod. The Yukon Trail..... 118 Reed, Edward Bliss. Sea Moods...... 513 Reeman, Edmund H. Do We Need a New Idea of God ? 215 Reeve, Arthur B. The Dream Doctor.... 598 Reeves, Francis B. Russia Then and Now. 535 Rendall, Vernon. The London Nights of Belsize. 598 Retreat from Mons, The... 410 Reynolds, Mrs. Baillie. A Castle to Let. 598 Rice, William North. The Return to Faith. 72 Richardson, Henry Handel. The Fortunes of Richard Mahoney 596 Richmond, Mary E. Social Diagnosis. 458 Riddell, William R. The Constitution of Canada. 276 Rinehart, Mary Roberts. Bab, a Sub-Deb 73 Rinehart, Mary Roberts. Long Live the King.. 598 Robertson, Eric S. The Bible's Prose Epic of Eve and Her Sons: The “J” Stories of Genesis..... 350 Robinson, Edwin Arlington, Merlin.. 339 Rockwell, Frederick F. Around the Year in the Garden. 408 Rolland, Romain. Beethoven 30 Roper, Daniel C. The United States Post Office. 596 Ruhl, Arthur. White Nights... 265 Russell, G. W. E. Politics and Personalities. 644 Sanborn, Frank B. The Life of Henry David Thoreau.. 59 Santayana, George. Egotism in German Philosophy.... 64 ..... 212 1 viii INDEX as PAGE Walling, William English, and Harry M. Laidler, Edited by. State Socialism Pro and Con,.. 111 Walter, Henriette R., Amy Hewes and. Women Munition Makers 333 Walther, Anna. Around the World with a Milliner's Needle 466 Ware, Mary S. The Old World through Old Eyes...... 595 Watson, William. Retrogression 18 Wawn, F. T. The Joyful Years. 117 Webb, Mary. Gone to Earth. 220 Webb, Sidney. The Restoration of Trade-Union Con- ditions 333 Weeks, Arland D. The Psychology of Citizenship. 348 Wells, F. DeW. The Man in Court. 114 Wells, H. G. God, the Invisible King 13 Wells, H. G. The Soul of a Bishop. 402 Wharton, Edith. Summer 161 Whipple, George Chandler. State Sanitation. 165 PAGE Wigmore, John H., Edited by. Science and Learning in France 159 Wilde, Percival. The Unseen Host and Other War Plays 586 Williams, Stanley Thomas. Richard Cumberland: His Life and Dramatic Works 594 Williams, William Carlos. Al Que Quiere. 513 Williams, W. S. The Problem of the Unemployed. 467 Wilson, Woodrow. President Wilson's Great Speeches. A Collection 352 Windt, Harry de. Russia as I Know It. 526 Winlock, Herbert E., Arthur C. Mace and. The Tomb of Senebtisi at Lisht 69 Winter, Nevin 0. Texas the Marvelous... 71 Woodberry, George. Ideal Passion 55 Woolf, Leonard S. The Future of Constantinople.. 591 Worth, Patience. The Sorry Tale... 403 Wray, W. Fitzwater. Across France in War-Time.. 462 Wren, Captain Percival C. The Wages of Virtue....... 353 Wright, Richardson. The Russians: An Interpretation.. 199 405 CASUAL COMMENT Anti-Love-Letter Association, Must the Reading World James, Henry, The Two Unfinished Novels by. 465 Form an ? 222 Japanese, the, The Growing Taste of, for Reading. 118 Baedeker-Where Will the Close of the War Leave ?. 283 “Jean-Christophe," a German Novel.. 404 Bible Love Stories, A Book of.. 282 Jewish Republic, The Movement for a. 648 Books and Magazines for the Soldiers. 533 Legler, Henry E., The Death of...... 282 Bookselling, A New Idea in... 26 Libraries, The Fear of... 649 Bookselling as a Study 222 Libraries Serving a Special Class of Readers. 405 Commencements of 1917, The. 26 Literature after the War Committee on Labor, The. 354 Luther from an Unbiased Point of View. 598 Community Thinking, The Value of, for the Novelist. 404 Magazine, A Certain Resplendent... 465 Comparison, A Significant 27 May a Periodical Appear as Often as it Likes ?. 168 Competition, New, for the Novelist.. 26 Masters, Edgar Lee, The Work of.. 76 Criticism-How Is It to Remain Infallible?. 465 Memorial Hotel, The 221 Democratization of University Control.. 404 "Mesopotamia" 355 Divorce Pamphlets from England, A Sheaf of. 283 Modern Book, The-Will It Last ?. 169 Dreiser, Mr., The Spirit of...... 533 Moderns, The 355 East, Light from the 27 Musical Celebrities, A Plan to Make, Prominent in Lit. Editorial Policy, The, of The DIAL, Criticism of.. 77 erature 169 Encyclopædias, A New Way of Putting together.. 119 Nietzsche, The "Case" of. 648 English Books and Pictures, The transfer of, to America 168 Ober-Ammergau Passion Play-Will It Survive ?. 119 English Dictionary of National Biography, The....... 168 Peripatetic Magazine, The. 75 English Language, the, American Coöperation in the Poets, Three Great, New Glimpses of. 76 Development of 75 President's Message, The... 648 English Universities and the Ph.D. Degree. 533 Recruit, the, An Outspoken and Characteristic Estimate Foreign Mailing Privileges 532 of 119 “Form," The Second Number of. 533 Rodin 399 Galsworthy, John-Toward What Is He Headed ?. 221 "Seven Arts,” The 355 German Scholarship, French Scrutiny of. 168 Short Story, The Length of the.. 599 Gerould, Mrs. Katharine Fullerton, and the Younger Social Wrongs, A Scent for.. 282 British Novelists 354 Theory's Seductive Charm 75 Happy Ending, the, A Protest against. War Catechism, A, in a Fashion Magazine. . 283 Hate, The Emotional Indulgence of. 221 War, the, The Effect of, on Printing-Offices and Type- Hearst, Mr., The Tentacles of. 118 Foundries 222 Hearst, Mr., and Humility.. 649 War, the, The Effect of, on the Reading of Books. 26 High Society in Fiction, The Portrayal of. 76 Warfare in the Alps, Glimpses of.. 77 Ibsen, An Alleged New Play by... 532 Wilson, President, in French... 119 International Conciliation and Pacificism in the United Winter, William 75 States 464 “Yesterday,” Writes a Friend of THE DIAL, in Paris.... 464 283 MISCELLANEOUS Bookseller, Educating the. B. W. Huebsch. 407 Le Gallienne, Richard. W. MacDonald Mackay. 360 Dreiser, Mr., and “Celestina." Homer E. Woodbridge.. 28 Japanese Poetry. Ernest W. Clements. 78 Favorite Son, The. Roger Sprague. 77 Present, The, Discovering. George A. Underwood. 27 “Government of the People, by the People, for the Rags and Immortality. Burton Alva Konkle...... 406 People.” C. H. Ibershoff.. 407 Seeger, Alan. M. C. Otto.. 537 Ireland's Debt to Foreign Scholars. Padraic Colum. 78 Seeger, Alan, Letters and Diary of. Charles M. Street.. 407 Keats Discovery, A. Samuel Loveman.. 78 Tanka, English. Ernest W. Clements. 406 Le Gallienne Rarities. Benjamin Brawley 471 Wyatt, Eaton. Charlotte Eaton... 27 ANNOUNCEMENTS OF FALL BOOKS, 1917. CASUAL COMMENT CHRISTMAS LIST OF SELECTED FICTION. CHRISTMAS LIST OF SELECTED JUVENILE LITERATURE. CHRISTMAS BOOKS, A SELECTED LIST OF.. NOTES ON NEW FICTION. BRIEFS ON NEW Books. BRIEFER MENTION NOTES AND News LISTS OF NEW BOOKS. NOTES FOR BIBLIOPHILES. 169, 284, 356 .26, 75, 118, 168, 221, 282, 354, 404, 464, 532, 598, 648 539 600 605 .73, 117, 162, 220, 280, 353, 402, 463, 631, 596, 647 29, 68, 114, 164, 212, 275, 347, 398, 457, 525, 589, 644 352, 408, 466, 534 .33, 82, 122, 174, 226, 305, 361, 415, 472, 544, 610, 652 35, 85, 124, 179, 229, 308, 363, 419, 476, 547, 612, 654 31, 79, 120, 172, 223, 301, 358, 412, 469, 541, 606, 649 ܙ ܂ cicl, THE DIAL 3 - To set A FORTNIGHTLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information Founded by FRANCIS F. BROWNE Volume LXIII. No. 745. CHICAGO, JUNE 28, 1917 15 cts. a copy. $3. a year. OVER THE TOP By ARTHUR GUY EMPEY An American Soldier who went The New York Tribune says: "For the very spirit of the strife, and all the unspeakable and unimaginable hope and fear, horror and exaltation, of the struggle for life and death, no book that has been writ- ten in this war, if indeed in any war, surpasses this simple and unpretentious tale of an American soldier boy who himself went "over the top" and "gave them hell." ( He has an irrepressible sense of humor, and humor there is in even some of the grim- mest scenes of war; and he has a sense of pathos and of tragedy as well. "Tommy's Dic- tionary of the Trenches" which concludes the volume, is an anthology of mingled wit and wisdom. Perhaps, after all, we should not call this a book about the war: It is a hot, throbbing, vital section of the war itself. was COMMUNICATION TRENCH 3 T65FT.IN WIDTH TRAVERSE “Over The Top” SANDBAGGED TOP K-4TO6FT PARADOS. Empey wounded seven times—lived for a year and a half with mud, rats and shells-went "over the top" in bayon- et-charges through gas a t- tacks tangled in barbed wire, with machine guns working a few yards away- and lay for 36 hours, wounded and unconscious, in "No Man's Land." is illustrated from photographs. w as en- PAPAPER SHEE 6 TO 8 It may be pur- chased wherever books are sold, and will well repay the investment. Diagram of Typical Front-Line and Communication $1.50 net (By Mail Trenches. $1.60). New York G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS London 2 [June 28 THE DIAL The METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART Fifth Avenue and 82d Street, New York PUBLICATIONS Catalogue of a Loan Exhibition of Paintings, by Winslow Homer. N. Y., 1911. xxv, 53 p. front. 8vo...... . $0.25 Catalogue of an Exhibition of Colonial Por- traits. N. Y., 1911. x, 70 p. pl. 8vo... . $0.25 Handbook of the Benjamin Altman Collec- tion. N. Y., 1914. XV, 153[1] p. il. 8vo...... . $0.50 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration. 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(xxil], 176 p. il. pl. 8vo...... .$0.25 The Stela of Menthu-weser, by Caroline L. Ransom. N. Y., 1913. 39[1] p. 11. 8vo.... $0.50 The Tomb of Perneb. N. Y., 1916. [xii), 79[1] p. il. pl. 8vo...... $0.10 The Tomb of Senebtisi at Lisht, by Arthur C. Mace and Herbert E, Winlock. N, Y., 1916. xxii, 134[1] p. il. front. photogravures and colored plates. 4to. In paper .$ 8.00 In boards 10.00 Handbook of the Cesnola Collection of An- tiquities from Cyprus, by John L. Myres, Wykeham Professor of Ancient History, Oxford. N. Y., 1913. lv, 596 p. 11. pl. 8vo.. . $2.00 Greek Coins and their Parent Cities, by John Ward. Lond., 1902. xxxvi, 458 p. 11. pl. 4to..... . $6.00 The Room of Ancient Glass. N. Y., 1916. 23 p. 11. $0.10 Catalogue of Greek, Roman and Etruscan Bronzes, by Gisela M. A. Richter. N. Y., 1915. xli, 491 p. 11. pl. 8vo...... .$6.00 Cuneiform Texts; ed. and tr. by Alfred B. Moldenke, Ph.D. N. Y., 1893. xx, 136 p. 4to..... $1.00 A Catalogue of the Collection of Persian Manuscripts. 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Kallen 5 THOREAU AND "THE WILD" Norman Foerster . 8 LITERARY AFFAIRS IN FRANCE Theodore Stanton. 11 MR. BRITLING Sees SPOOKS John Macy 13 OPINION AND THE WAR Harold J. Laski 15 THE RENAISSANCE IN SPAIN Claude Bragdon 17 AN EXACERBATED EGO . Odell Shepard 18 THE SWINBURNE LEGEND . B. I. Kinne. 21 The Zemstvo . Samuel N. Harper. 23 The IMMANENCE OF DOSTOEVSKY Randolph Bourne . 24 CASUAL COMMENT 26 COMMUNICATIONS. 27 BRIEFS On New BOOKS 29 Pictures of War Work in England.-An Uncensored Diary; Journal of Small Things.-Inside the German Empire.—Beethoven.-Greater Italy -The Public Defender.—The French Revolution and Napoleon. Notes FOR BIBLIOPHILES 31 NOTES AND News . 33 List of New BOOKS . 35 LISTS OF SHOPS Where The DIAL IS ON SALE. 38 1 . GEORGE BERNARD DONLIN, Editor TRAVIS Hoke, Associate Contributing Editors CONRAD AIKEN PADRAIC COLUM JOHN MACY THEODORE STANTON RANDOLPH BOURNE HENRY B. FULLER JOHN E. ROBINSON WILLIAM ASPENWALL BRADLEY H. M. KALLEN J. C. SQUIRE The DIAL (founded in 1880 by Francis F. Browne) is published fortnightly, twenty-four times a year. Yearly subscription $3.00 in advance, in the United States, Canada and Mexico. For- eign subscriptions $3.50 per year. Entered as Second-class matter Oct. 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Published by The Dial Publishing Company, Martyn Johnson, President; Willard C. Kitchel, Secretary-Treasurer, at 608 South Dearborn Street, Chicago. 4 [June 28, 1917 THE DIAL THE BEST BOOKS FOR BOOKS FOR SUMMER SUMMER READING New novels by Ernest Poole, St. John G. Ervine, Jack London, and Alice Brown; Mr. H. G. Wells' New Book; Sir Rabindranath Tagore's Reminiscences and a Collection of the “New Poetry.” Ernest Poole's New Novel HIS FAMILY By the Author of "The Harbor" "The greatest story this spring. Great in its grasp of life, great in its master- ful handling, great in the sincerity of its purpose. One of the best things we have read in a long time.”—Philadelphia Ledger. $1.50 . CHANGING WINDS St. John G. Ervine's New Novel. "Worthy to take a place with Mr. Brit- ling a thoughtful, absorbingly in- teresting novel well written, the interest sustained from beginning to end."- N. Y. Times. Already 6th Edition. $1.60 MY REMINISCENCES Sir Rabindranath Tagore's New Book. "We are taken into his very bosom, and are permitted to watch the processes of the development of his mental and spiritual natures, and thus acquire such understand- ing and ability to appreciate his writings as could be got in no other way. . . It will serve as a key to and an illumination of his other works."-N. Y. Tribune. Illustrated. Cloth, $1.50; Leather, $2.00 THE EMPTY HOUSE A NEW NOVEL Written anonymously this novel tells the story of one woman's experience in marriage and the reaction on her life and tempera- ment of avoiding motherhood. Frank and plain spoken, it carries a real message to women, $1.40 GOD, THE INVISIBLE KING H. G. Wells' New Book. Many have called this remarkable book “The Religion of Mr. Britling." "Written with sincerity and simplicity of utter conviction a Alame combined of kindled imagination and exalted feeling glows through all its pages. It shows Mr. Wells at his best."-N. Y. Times. $1.25 JERRY OF THE ISLANDS Jack London's new dog story. "A fine and spirited tale of adventure in the wild parts of the earth.”-N. Y. Sun. "A story of a brave and quick-witted Irish terrier dog who is brought aboard a trading vessel in the South Sea. Jack London knew this dog, loved him, and tells the tale of Jerry's adventures with sympathy and spir- it.”—The Outlook. THE NEW POETRY An Anthology. Edited by Harriet Monroe and Alice Corbin Henderson. "One should be grateful for the volume. It is not only a collection of much of the best of 'the new poetry'; it is a cumulative and accurate definition of what it is."-N. Y. Post. $1.75 $1.50 READY TWO WEEKS FROM TODAY Alice Brown's New Novel BROMLEY NEIGHBORHOOD By the Author of "The Prisoner," etc. A prominent critic says of Miss Brown's new novel : "In execution and literary abil- ity I venture to place this alongside Mr. Poole's 'His Family' and to rank these together as far the best American novels of the year." If you leave town before July 12 don't forget to ask your dealer to send you "Bromley Neigh- borhood-price $1.50. THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, Publishers, New York When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. THE DIAL A Fortnightly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. The War and the Labor Programme Between March, 1913 and June, 1916 tude of the government and of employers two hundred and ninety-six industrial dis- toward labor and its needs and desires be- putes are recorded as having taken place. comes of even greater moment than the Between June 30, 1916 and May 30, government's attitude toward the constitu- 1917, in the course of eleven months cur- tional rights of freedom of speech and rent, there have been two hundred and conscience and person. forty-four such disputes. To dispose of Now, that governmental interference in them, the Department of Labor had here- labor disputes should be necessary may tofore employed a body of conciliators, be natural, but it is not desirable and it twenty-one in number. Of these, seven- is not inevitable, and where enlightenment teen have recently been dismissed, because and intelligence exist among employers, it the Congressional Committee on Appro- does not occur, because the situations that priations, of which Fitzgerald of Tam- require it do not arise. However one many is chairman, refused to report any may think of the class-war, labor and capi- appropriation for the service of media- tal have certain common interests which tion and conciliation in labor disputes for in the long run are more fundamental the coming fiscal year, beyond the sum than their antagonisms. Modernism in necessary to maintain the skeleton of an industry has meant the relatively rapid organization. Meanwhile federal soldiers realization of this community by some en- were used in Newark against pickets of a trepeneurs and the relatively slow realiza- branch of the International Molders tion of it by the forces of labor. The Union there on strike, and were called off common interest is the end for which an through the intervention of a civilian ad- industry exists—the production of a work visor to the Secretary of War. of a certain type and character. Every: These data are significant. Take them thing else in the organization of a produc- together with the astounding assault on tive agency is secondary to that; mere the social and labor legislation of the means. The administrative, the financial, state of New York, with the remarkable the distributive and other concerns of an declaration of surrender of the indispen- industrial organization are means, and sable right of labor to strike attributed to means only. Effectively to employ this Mr. Gompers, and they have an implica- means, however, requires human personal- tion,-patriotic or noble or self-sacrificing ity. And the human units of an industrial as their original intention may have been, organization can be human only in so far -sinister in the extreme for their ultimate as they find in their work opportunity for result. the free play of their spontaneous ener- We are in a war, we have been told gies, their initiative, their creative imagi- again and again, which is to "make the nation, their intelligence—only in so far, world safe for democracy.” In numbers in a word, as their work is itself not to be and in technique it is an unprecedented regarded as a means, but as an end, not war; and in the fact, so often repeated labor but art. If the laboring classes have and underscored, that it is a war to be been slow in realizing the community of won on the fields and in the factories at themselves with the employing classes, it home far more than in the trenches is because the latter have dealt with them abroad, it is a unique war. This means in impersonal, non-human terms, have that upon the workingman falls the re- treated them as means, as “hands," as sponsibility of losing or winning this war "operatives" instead of human beings. for our country. Consequently the atti- Denied acknowledgment of the partner- 6 [June 28 THE DIAL 1 ship which exists in fact between all the It is the duty of an intelligent patriotism human units engaged in an industry, the la- to extend this condition to all fields of in- borer has accepted perforce the status im- dustrial endeavor where disputes are posed upon him—the status of earner, as likely to arise. It is the duty of labor. It against that of craftsman and creator, and is the duty of capital. It is the duty of the has taken his work as the necessary evil government, which represents the common involved in earning a living, a thing quite interests of both and has become the ar- apart from the making of a life. He biter of their differences. Capital, so far has accepted the uncertainties of the as it has spoken, has, however, shown it- future—the dangers of unemployment, of self blind and greedy; labor, so far as it ill-health, of penniless old-age and death, has spoken, has shown itself fabby and and has followed blindly the uncontrolled sentimental, and the government—as un- operation of what the economic pundits intelligent as usual. Responsibility falls miscall “the law of supply and demand." therefore upon the more far-sighted lead- His attitude toward the employing classes ers in the labor organizations, upon the has sprung inevitably out of his accept- wise entrepreneurs who have already ance of this unnecessary situation as neces- achieved something in industry in the di- sary. Similarly, the tool-possessing em- rection of efficient democracy, and upon ployers, dealing with labor as a commod- intelligent public opinion, whose hands ity to be bought and sold in open mar- more than any other, can mold the world ket, became and largely remain, inimical to into the form “safe for democracy." labor-force and hence to themselves. Only The foundation upon which rests "de- in recent years have they discovered that mocracy efficient" is a proposition which the acknowledgment of the de facto part- President Wilson has recently given wider nership with labor, the spread and intensi- publicity than it has had in a thousand fication of the consciousness of it, the years. It is the proposition that labor is recognition and encouragement of the hu- not a commodity. Labor is not a thing manity of the laborer, the provision of op- that can be detached from a man and sent portunity for the exercise of his creative out into the market to be bought and sold energies, the establishment for him of a like coal or iron or flour or books or guns. proprietary interest in the works and the Men sell themselves in selling their labor. abolition of his fundamental uncertainties And it is hence that the rights of labor concerning the future, not only avert dis- can never be separated from the rights putes, but improve the output, increase of man, while the rights of property not profits and turn a slave-gang into a team. only can, but must. The right to strike, As the experience of the Ford and other it follows clearly, is not a right involving industrial companies shows, the saving in property; it is a right involving person. money and quality of work that comes So is the principle of unionism, which from the elimination, by this means, of the alone can make the right to strike opera- mobility and restlessness of laboris enough tive. It is the use of both these rights by pay the added costs over and over labor which has won the grudging recog- again. In a word, to make the partner- nition of the humanity of labor-force, and . ship of labor with capital conscious and a surrender or mitigation of them is sui- conspicuous in the organization of indus- cide. try is not to venture on untried ground; The proposition that labor is not a it is to make general a form of organiza- commodity implies that there is an irre- tion which in numerous observable in- ducible minimum below which wages stances has shown itself to be not merely may not under any circumstances go, a common decency but good business and minimum not determined by “the law of genuine democracy. They have demon- supply and demand," but by the effective strated the actual harmonization of democ- needs of a human being for health, spon- racy with efficiency which the conditions taneous action, and assurance concerning of warfare have made so central a prob- the future. In war time, particularly, lem among nations with free institutions. when the will and the power of the hu- to 1917] 7 THE DIAL man organism is at a maximum tension, the It should, that is, be represented on the minimum necessary to repair waste, to directorate, and should be informed and store up the required physiological surplus, consulted with regarding fundamental to keep up the condition of health and vi- changes in the concern's affairs. The more . tality of interest is indispensable in all permanently to establish the human unity forms of employment. This minimum of the industry, moreover, the workers should be set by the standard of living ex- within it should have the opportunity, if isting in a given society and by such modifi- not the obligation, of progressively acquir- cations as a scientific consideration of the ing shares of its stock. They become thus physiological and psychological conditions in the completest sense owners as well as of good health and efficacious working workers; their interest and the interest of would make. No production of any sort the whole enterprise become explicitly, as can begin to be anything but murder, slow they had been potentially, identical, and or rapid, which involves the employment even the most routine and terrible of the of labor below such a necessary minimum. mechanical and reflex repetitions of a The minimum wage of labor, in a word, process in which so much of our industrial should be a standard item among the fixed endeavor consists, are thrown into an or- charges for the upkeep and repair of the ganic whole, fitted into a proper perspec. industrial plant. The fixed charges of the tive, which eliminates the spiritual non-human part of the plant are on the isolation of the workman from his tasks, whole irreducible, and the care and up- thus conserving his humanity and increas- keep of the human part under anything ing his efficiency. The industry becomes like human conditions should be even more in this way progressively coöperative. It irreducible. acquires esprit de corps, is at once dem- In fact the minimum wage should not ocratic and efficient. be regarded as a wage at all. It relates A perspective based upon practical par- to that part of a workman's life that is ticipation in the ownership and operation subhuman, its animal foundation, not the of a works tends, however, itself to be- creative impulses which are the nobler mechanized and habitual. The part of him. Wages proper should begin sense of unity and esprit de corps it creates to be counted at the point where these im- tends to get deadened over a long stretch pulses come into action and should be of time. To maintain it requires, on the based upon_his personal excellence and part of workman as well as of adminis- initiative. That is, the most significant trator, an intelligent understanding of the form in which they could come is that of a problems and processes of the industry share in the profits proportionate to the and its general bearing on the life of the workman's distinction as a workman. All nation. Such an understanding can be net profit over four per cent should be created only through education, and for divided in proper ratio between employers this reason an indispensable adjunct to a and employees. The form that such divi- democratically coördinated industry is a sion might take is various enough. Some system of education which shall be com- of it had best take, if experience is any pulsory for all people in the shops under guide, the form of safeguarding the future twenty-five years of age, and optional for against disease, old age, and death. In those over twenty-five. The curriculum this form, as an insurance, it abolishes, on would vary to some extent with the in- the whole, the problems of changing dustry, but on the whole, it would be employees for the entrepreneur and unem- standard. An important part of it would ployment for the laborer. The partner naturally take the form of numerous in- . ship of the two becomes explicit, and ex- formal conferences between the various plicit partnership requires frankness and grades of craftsmen in the industry, on trust. Labor must know the status and their own work and the relation of dif- problems of the concern of which it is a ferent departments to one another. It part, and must have a voice, if only an would be easy, but undesirable, to elabor- advisory one, in the conduct of its affairs. ate details of a satisfactory educational come 8 [June 28 THE DIAL system. For present purposes it is enough we do not need to Prussianize our coun- to indicate that such a system is indispen- try in order to defeat Prussianism. We sable, if merely from the fact that men need only substitute vision for greed and more and more are concerned with the intelligence for habit-custom. We need handling of complicated machinery that only take example from what has already must be understood if it is to be kept right. been accomplished in this country and take In sum, here is, in principle at least, courage to extend it. a fundamental way, a tested and practical But shall we? It is for labor to de- way to make the nation safe for democ- mand and for capital to offer. The alter- racy. We do not need to surrender the native is the disastrous experience of Eng- spirit of free institutions to win this war: land. H. M. KALLEN. Thoreau and “The Wild” What differentiates Thoreau from Eu- world, have (perhaps) a different (and ropean writers on nature is, primarily, his higher) spiritual universe. Sometimes he intense Puritanism; what differentiates would breathe the humane air of his him from other American writers—Bry- proper spiritual order; sometimes, more ant, Lowell, Emerson, and the rest, mostrarely, the wilder air of the spiritual or- of whom share his Puritanism-is, pri- der of nature. When the latter impulse marily, his ardent yearning for wildness. dominated him, it seemed to him that at- “There is in my nature, methinks, a tainment meant no less than some kind of singular yearning toward all wildness," he actual union, or transfusion, with nature. wrote in his first book. Later he prepared He would “eat the brown earth." On a lecture on “Walking, or the Wild," and another day he records a curiously gross- indeed in all of his characteristic work we spiritual emotion; he "worships," he says, find what might be termed his doctrine of the brownish light in the sod on certain the Wild. "At the same time that we wet days in March, feels as if he “could are earnest to explore and learn all eat the very crust of the earth; I never things,” he writes, "we require that all felt so terrene, never sympathized so with things be mysterious and unexplorable, the surface of the earth. Later in the that land and sea be infinitely wild.” Close same month he could "stroke and kiss the about us lies the friendly world of nature, very sward, it is so fair.” Again, he tells but whenever we make our way into it, a correspondent that he grows “savager suddenly it grows strange and wild, the and savager every day, as if fed on raw explored becomes unexplorable, and we meat.” That raw meat had its powerful are aware of contact with a life "pastur- charms is indicated by the passage in ing freely where we never wander." That “Walden” in which he tells how, one even- is the Wild. If we were only alive enough, ing as he was returning to the hut, chanc- we should be able to enter upon that ing to see a woodchuck steal across his larger, freer existence which the Wild path in the gathering darkness, he “felt leads: "The most alive is the wildest." a strange thrill of savage delight, and was The Wild, then, is living Nature, the strongly tempted to seize and devour him inscrutable personality that animates the On one or two occasions while he flux, resembling in some respects the élan lived at the pond, he goes on to confess, vital of our day, yet really very different he found himself wandering through the because static. Not a systematic specula- woods "like a half-starved hound, with a tive thinker, Thoreau seems to have had strange abandonment, seeking some kind a somewhat odd notion that the physical of venison which I might devour, and no world is inhabited by a personality with morsel could morsel could have been have been too savage (perhaps) a spiritual universe of its own, for me." The whole chapter, indeed while we, inhabiting the same physical (“Higher Laws”), is a study of the dual raw.' 1917] 9 THE DIAL life he was impelled to lead, one rank and every state that has attained eminence has savage, the other spiritual, or to use his drawn nourishment and vigor from alma own terms, one wild, the other human. natura. The children of the Roman Em- Thoreau's lust (hardly too strong a pire, not being suckled by wolves, gave word) for rainstorms and swamps is one place to the northern barbarians who of the most conspicuous instances of his were. The continent of America is the yearning for wildness. He would like to she-wolf of our time, he goes on to say, sit in a distant cave throughout “a three- and the children of the diseased civiliza- weeks' storm, cold and wet,” to give a tion of Europe, responding to her coarse tone to his system. Better still a swamp; ministrations, are reinvigorated, are en- to have your house abut on a forbidding abled to found here a new Rome. In time swamp is to dwell next to Elysium. Al this Rome of the West will likewise lan- though for some reason he failed to select guish, if the rank soil that sustains it is so advantageous a site for his woodland allowed to become exhausted; it can be cabin, he visited the swamps of his parish maintained only by ever-recurrent reliance with assiduous frequency, and entered into on the Wild. "Surely good courage will their life, in a double sense, with the keen- not Aag here on the Atlantic border, as est sympathy. Sometimes, as if to be long as we are flanked by the Fur Coun- civilized, he aims, ostensibly, to go a-cran- tries. There is enough in that sound to berrying, or to find the kalmia, though cheer one under any circumstances. The what he always relishes is not the cran- spruce, the hemlock, and the pine will not berries or the kalmia, but the "cold and countenance despair.' bracing” wading in the stagnant water and Never was there a more convinced be- muck, “amid the water andromeda and liever in the essential goodness of nature. the sphagnum, scratching my legs with the Her rectitude is attested, he asserts, by the first and sinking deep in the last. The uprightness of trees; and “Disease and a water is now gratefully cool to my legs, rain-drop cannot coexist." In her large so far from being poisoned in the strong equanimity and antiseptic purity, she is waters of the swamp. It is a sort of bap- medicine for body and soul, and no dis- tism for which I had waited.” Superior, ease is beyond her magical healing power. however, to merely wading would be the “They bury poisoned sheep up to the necks luxury of standing "up to one's chin in in earth to take the poison out of them.” some retired swamp for a whole summer's She is completely healthy and innocent, day, scenting the sweet-fern and bilberry and is an ideal to guide ever erring hu- blows, and lulled by the minstrelsy of manity. One might regard Thoreau, on gnats and mosquitoes. A day passed in a hasty examination, as accepting the the society of those Greek sages, such as charming myth of a nature of the Golden described in the 'Banquet' of Xenophon Age, smiling, tender, artless, not the slimy, would not be comparable with the dry hoary, shagged beast of a nature of pre- wit of cranberry vines, and the fresh At- historic periods. But actually he had the tic salt of the moss beds. Say twelve hours modern vision of nature as red in tooth of genial and familiar intercourse with and claw. There is a tragedy, he said, at the leopard frog." the end of the life of every wild creature. This emotional attachment has its in- His "innocent" nature is fond of violence, tellectual counterpart in that doctrine of fond of what a superficial view holds re- the Wild which he preached in season and pulsive—that is one aspect of her inno- out of season. Briefly stated, it is this: "We are cheered," he wrote in a " that all civilization refers back to primi- significant passage in "Walden," "when tive nature, derives thence its title to per- we observe the vulture feeding on the car- manence, and ever and anon deliberately rion which disgusts and disheartens us, reunites itself with its source of vitality and deriving health and strength from the If it does not, it is a moribund civilization. repast. I love to see that Nature Thus, in the fable of Romulus and Re- is so rife with life that myriads can be af- mus, Thoreau reads the eternal truth that forded to be sacrificed and suffered to a cence. 10 [June 28 THE DIAL . ܕܙ prey on one another; that tender organi- concern us quite as much as the fables of zations can be so serenely squashed out of Oriental nations do”—and that means a existence like pulp,—tadpoles which her- good deal when said by so devout a lover ons gobble up, and tortoises and toads of the Bhagavat-Gita. run over in the road; and that sometimes Foolish indeed, our poets and philoso- it has rained flesh and blood! phers, who regret that we have no an- The impression made on a wise man is tiquities, no ruins to remind us of our that of universal innocence." Thoreau's past, for everywhere is our soil laden with outlook on nature, indeed, does not suf- relics, arrowheads, implements, stone fer from a trace of Transcendental chips—the wind can hardly blow away the anæmia. He looks the facts in the eye, surface, he says, without bringing to light even the ugliest, sees the struggle for ex- the chips made by some aboriginal fletcher. istence no less than the inspiriting sunset, He looked for such relics incessantly. It and gives us, in the end, something like a was actually his habit, he states, when, in whole view. That view was, of course, the fall, some sandy field had been plowed, predestined to be favorable. Even SO to “take note of it," and next spring to dread a word as Necessity he stripped of pay a visit as soon as the earth began to its terrors by regarding it as "only an- dry. Often he spent whole afternoons, other name for inflexibility of good.” especially in the spring, in pacing back and Nature was bound to be good. No aspect forth over such a sandy field. Indian of nature's wildness could repel him. relics were the gold which the sands of Everywhere he looked for the Wild. Concord yielded, and indeed he often “In literature,” he asserted, “it is only the thought at night “with an inexpressible wild that attracts us,” though here the satisfaction and yearning of the arrow- term means little more than spontaneity, headiferous sands headiferous sands of Concord." He the absence of conscious technique and trained his eye for an arrowhead to an conventional thought and feeling. Eng- astonishing keenness, so that, in compari- lish literature as a whole, the best of it son, his walking companion, if he had one, included, he pronounced "essentially tame was virtually blind. There is a familiar and civilized,” imitative of the Classics. story that suggests this. His companion Grecian mythology had its root in a fertile remarking, "I do not see where you 'nature, but even the Classics fall short of find your Indian arrowheads," Thoreau a perfect wildness. Again, he peered into stooped to the ground, picked one up, and the past of his American civilization to see gave it to him with the remark, "Here is what primitive vigor lay behind the mod- one.” Luck, in such matters, is always on ern culture. He had more than his share the side of the sharp eye. of the romantic absorption in the remote, Why did Thoreau admire the Indian ? in the primitive, in sources. “Strange First, perhaps, on account of his relation spirits, demons,” he says of the Indians, to nature. The Indian was fitted to see "whose eyes could never meet mine; with and understand the wildness of nature as another nature and another fate than no white man could, because he was really mine." The old warfare, waged in the at home in the woods. "The charm of the very fields he walked on, seemed to him Indian to me is that he stands free and unreal, shadowy, and yet he loved to muse unconstrained in Nature, is her inhabitant over it, with a still intensity, hoping now and not her guest, and wears her easily and again to obtain a true vision of the and gracefully.” He envied the Indian life of those far days. He would know this familiar, off-hand relation, and re- "what manner of men they were, how they produced it remarkably well when one con- lived here, their relation to nature, their siders how introspective he was. If he arts and their customs, their fancies and was at home anywhere, it was in the woods superstitions. They paddled over these and meadows of Concord. And next he waters, they wandered in these woods, and admired the Indian's reticence and stoi- they had their fancies and beliefs con- cism. Though doubtless inborn in Thor- nected with the sea and the forest, which eau, these traits were almost certainly 1917] 11 THE DIAL greatly strengthened in him through emu- decaying wood and the spongy mosses of lation: had there been no Indian back- the rank forest, and build hearths and hu- ground, one suspects that his Indian traits manize nature for the poet. It is well for would not have fourished. In “Walden” the poet, at proper intervals, to visit the he relates with gusto the story of Win- logger's path and the Indian's trail; but slow's reception by Massasoit and his let him dwell where “art and refinement" tribe. “They had nothing to eat them have altered the face of nature by making selves, and they were wiser than to think it more expressive, not only of man, but that apologies could supply the place of also to man. NORMAN FoersteR. food to their guests; so they drew their belts tighter and said nothing about it.” 1 Surely that is as typical of Thoreau as it Literary Affairs in France is of Massasoit's Indians—he went through life forever tightening his belt (Special Correspondence of The Dial.) and saying nothing about it. It is mainly There are many signs that internationalism is for these traits—an easy relation to na- destined to play a large part in the world's affairs ture, reticence, and stoical endurance- when the war closes and that literature and lit- that Thoreau admired the Indian, aside, erary matters are to share in the new activities. to be sure, from the misty picturesqueness Two evidences of this in the French periodical of his life in aboriginal Concord. Noth- field have just come to my attention. ing suggests better the intensity of his ad- M. Georges-Bazile, a Paris translator and re- miration than his death-bed words- viewer, tells me that he has decided to revive "moose" and "Indian. the plan of the defunct “Revue Britannique" in a somewhat different form and with a broader To the Maine woods he made two ex- title="Revue de France, de Grande-Bretagne cursions to satisfy his appetite for wild- et d'Amérique.” It will be remembered that ness and to study the Indian at first hand. the old "Revue Britannique" flourished at Paris He succeeded in learning a great deal, and during the last half of the past century and ac- in satisfying his appetite for wildness, to complished among magazines much what the He did not go to the point of nausea. "Tauchnitz Edition" did in the book-reading world on the European continent; it presented to the woods, he complains, for moose-hunt- ing, and he condemns the Indian's savage- the foreign public what was best in the English and American monthlies. But the anti-British ness—a very genuine type of wildness— feeling which ran riot in France during the clos- 'roundly. "What a coarse and imperfecting years of the nineteenth century undermined use Indians and hunters make of nature ! this venerable periodical, and the present M. No wonder that their race is so soon ex- Amédée Pichot was forced, much to his regret, terminated. I already, and for weeks to bring to an end a publication which the en- afterward, felt my nature the coarser for ergy and broad-mindedness of his father had of ту woodland experience.” He made almost an institution in Parisian intellectual circles. returned to the "smooth but still varied landscape" of Concord with manifest re- In regard to the new “Revue Britannique,” lief. Wildness and the wilderness are a M. Georges-Bazile writes me: My aim is to make known in France, liberal, liter- very good thing, no doubt, but they are ary, and artistic England and America, especially the not all of life; for a place to spend one's latter, and to profit by the triple friendship now years in, it seemed to him, Concord was strengthened on the battlefield by propagating throughout the world sane ideas concerning a sen- immeasurably superior to the wilderness, sible pacifism. The review would also tend to de- "necessary as the latter is for a resource velop the friendship and the present good relations existing between the 'three nations. and a background, the raw material of all Why doesn't France become the European university country of our civilization.” He goes on to remark America, taking the place of Germany in this re- that it is the partially cultivated country periodical will enter upon; and there are others, many spect? This is one of the first campaigns the new that has been the source of inspiration to others, to follow. the poets of the past, and will be to the International, too, but in another way, is “La poets of the future. The logger and pion- Revue Contemporaine,” which was founded in eer precede the poet—eat the wild honey, Paris at the beginning of the fifties to promote perhaps, but the locusts also; remove the monarchy and reaction as an off-set to the pop- this part 12 [June 28 THE DIAL ular commotions of 1848, but which long ago know of no contemporary work which brings abandoned ideas on the wane in modern France out more picturesquely the Catholic side of this and, last year, as a direct result of the war, came contest. These pages also offer an odd example out as the organ of the "union nationale” and of a Johnson-Boswell episode, though of course the “entente latine.” M. Henri Ch. d'Osmos, on a much smaller scale than the famous proto- the indefatigable editor of this reformed monthly, type-Lotte playing the part of the Laird of writes me as follows concerning the meaning of Auchinleck and Péguy that of the Great Bear. these two phrases: As to the renewal of the old conflict in The union nationale is the union sacrée of the war France between church and state, M. Maurice continued after the war, and the entente latine will Barrès thinks that the hatchet has been buried. be developed and transformed into an "occidental His latest book, "Les Diverses Familles Spirit- union,” which will prepare the way for the future "congress of Anglo-Latin intellectuals.” Our pages uelles de la France" (Paris: Emile-Paul, 3 fr. stand for these things and it is in this direction that 50), would seem at least to imply this conclu- our minds are now turned; here is the aim of all sion. Or, perhaps, we have here a case of the our efforts. wish being father to the thought. Anyway, it is A peculiar feature of this periodical is the a fine picture that he paints of the superb youth utilization of notes and material which, when the of France, united in the trenches in mind and war broke out, were being collected by a well- heart; and some of the extracts from the home organized body of writers and editors who were letters of these young men bring tears to the publishing an important series of biographies of eyes. M. Barrès is always an artist, and the living celebrities “Les Archives Biographiques subject lends itself magnificently to his delicate Contemporaines." It was destined to supply a touch. long-felt want in France, where "Qui Etes- Besides the Vidal correspondence just men- Vous ?" the French "Who's Who," lasted but tioned, M. Lavisse has collected in a small vol- two years, and where “Vapereau” seems to have ume the series of “Lettres à Tous les Français" died with its editor. Each number of this (Paris: Colin, 1 fr.), which originally appeared monthly devotes a section to a dozen brief as separate tracts. These letters, written for the sketches of living men and women. It is to be most part by professors of the University of hoped that these scattered notices will finally be Paris, were issued in the summer of 1915, when brought together in volumes and added to the Russia's weakness first began to cause misgivings eight or nine in the series already mentioned. in France. They urged upon the country, to The lack of contemporary biography in France quote the motto of the volume, “Patience, effort, is also partially supplied by the four little vol- courage." Scattered by hundreds of thousands umes of the “Anthologie des Ecrivains Français all over the land, they must have done their part, Morts pour la Patrie" (Paris: Larousse, each and a large one, in preserving the fine morale of volume 75 centimes), edited by M. Carlos Lar- the nation, a morale which is the basis of M. ronde, with a stirring preface by M. Maurice Barrés's book. Barrès. In these volumes appear notices of over Another recent volume of French biography is forty young French writers, killed at the front, the "Anthologie du Journalisme" (Paris: Dela- along with selections from their works. grave, 3 fr. 50), edited by M. Paul Ginisty, the One of these biographies is that of Major well-known man of letters and theatre manager. Joseph Vidal de la Blache, a military historian He opens the book with an excellent essay on whose reputation was rising rapidly when he fell journalism in France, which is followed by short at the beginning of 1915. M. Ernest Lavisse sketches of the leading journalists from the time has brought out the correspondence- "Lettres" of the first Revolution down to the Revolution of (Paris: Imprimerie Pochy, 25 centimes)—sent 1848, each sketch being accompanied by selec- from the trenches during the first six months of tions from the best work of the journalists. the war. It is no ordinary collection. The ec- These pages well illustrate the truth of the centric mental and physical personality of French saying that journalism leads to every- Charles Péguy appears in the anthology, Péguy thing, provided only that you get out of it early having been one of the first writers to fall, and enough. Thus we find such great poets, orators, perhaps the most famous. Oddly enough, how- ever, no place has been found for Joseph Lotte, philosophers, and novelists as the following Péguy's close friend, who was killed less than classed here as "newspaper men": Mirabeau, four months later. But this omission is made Condorcet, Chénier, Guizot, Chateaubriand, up for by M. Pierre Pacary's “Un Compagnon Victor Hugo, Alfred de Musset, Balzac, George de Péguy” (Paris: Gabalda, 4 fr.), a book which, Sand, and the Abbé Lamennais ! besides limning two strange lives, throws much Another curious list of names, though of quite light on the struggle in France between the a different sort, is found in the book by M. Henri Republic and the Catholic church. In fact, I Welschinger, of the Institute, “La Mendicité 1917] 13 THE DIAL we Allemande aux Tuileries" (Paris: Berger-Lev- Hachette, 3 fr. 50), which traces in detail the rault, 1 fr.), in which appear scores of Germans history of that nine months' memorable defence. of all classes and of all intellectual conditions But I mention this book largely to call attention who asked favors and even money of Napoleon to the significant state of mind of its author, a III, or who fawned upon him during the Second veteran Paris journalist of the old school, who up Empire. The list was drawn from the official to August, 1914 was an uncompromising enemy records of the Tuileries and extends over a period of the republican régime in France, but who now of eighteen years. Nobles, so-called, professors says to me: “After this war, we must all unite and poets from over the Rhine abound; and in a loyal effort to make this the best possible scattered among them are the names of several republic.” He then asks for the titles of the minor Hohenzollerns, a relative of Bismarck, the principal books on democratic government in the historians, Hüffer, Sybel, and Mommsen, Pro- United States. We have another instance of in- fessor Helfferich, a relative of the present im- creased interest in our country and its institu- perial minister of finance, Prince William of tions in the May number of the “Journal des Baden, and Hans von Bülow. May not such a Economistes,” to which the editor, M. Yves lamentable list as this have suggested to M. Guyot, contributes “La Formation Politique des Welschinger this reflection, which appears in the Etats-Unis,” an article which precisely meets the note accompanying his book? demand of M. Jollivet and his friends. This world-war will have the best effect on French THEODORE STANTON. literature. It will strengthen and clarify the spirit June 15, 1917. of the country. It will lift up our hearts and souls. It will rid us of the literary vermin who have done so much harm in leading foreigners to believe that were degenerate. The novel, history, criticism, Mr. Britling Sees Spooks and the theatre will then be worthy of a country which has displayed to the world its real heroism and its true spirit of generosity. GOD, THE INVISIBLE King. By H. G. Wells. (Macmillan Co.; $1.25.) A book of reference unlike those already men- The killing and the bloody anguish, the de- tioned is M. Joseph Reinach's "Histoire de struction of lovely and valuable things, the hor- Douze Jours" (Paris: Félix Alcan, 12 fr.), ror and sorrow in the hearts of those who remain which gives the history of the diplomatic origin are disasters immeasurable; but the greatest dis- of the present war and covers the period from aster of all is spiritual, intellectual; it is the July 23, to August 3, 1914. We have there, ar- stupefied brain, the soul that has been bludgeoned ranged in twelve chapters, each chapter embrac- and stunned. It is not to be wondered at that ing the dispatches of a single day, all the English men of letters have lost their inspira- diplomatic correspondence exchanged by the fu- tion, that war has smashed the lips of poetry ture belligerents during this short and fatal and that philosophy has fled from her seat. Per- period. M. Reinach admits that "it is pretty haps the greater wonder is that in the midst certain that these dispatches are only selections of conflict men have courage to write at all. chosen from among those really sent at that Of the English writers to whom we were once moment, and that the text of the dispatches is accustomed to look, if not for ultimate wisdom, not always complete. '.. But just as they at least for helpful correlations of current stand, the aggressive spirit of those of German thought, few have kept their wits undeafened by origin comes out on every page of this volume. the din, unblinded by the moke. The most . If a German or Austrian publisher were notable are Bernard Shaw, Bertrand Russell, to translate this book, he wouldn't be allowed to and H. N. Brailsford. On the other hand, such put it on sale." capable commentators on the human being as Here is the place, perhaps, to say a word of Rudyard Kipling and Arnold Bennett give us a pamphlet, "Leurs Crimes" (Paris: Berger- second-rate journalism. Mr. Chesterton, stand- Levrault, 25 centimes), published in popular ing on his head, announces every week that no form for propaganda purposes under the patron- German is standing on his feet. And the sad- age of the mayors of more than a score of towns dest case of mental degeneration is that of H. G. of the invaded regions of northern and eastern Wells. France which have suffered from Teutonic ex- The direction of Mr. Wells's decadence is a cesses. It was sent to me by the mayor of Ver- normal result of war. When men lose control dun, who is installed at Paris as a result of the of their lives and fortunes and the whole world ruined condition of "our dear city.” It is a seems to be plunging to hell, they take refuge dreadful picture of war made unnecessarily hor- in mysticism and superstitious consolations. An rible. earthquake sends them screaming to the skirts Of course Verdun is also the scene of M. of the gods. On a sinking ship men fall upon Gaston Jollivet’s “L'Epopée de Verdun” (Paris: their knees who have never learned or have long . 14 [June 28 THE DIAL forgotten how to pray. Bewildered Britlings generation which is a confusion of many spirits cease to trust themselves and society; their old and which is so diversified, such a contest of philosophies and sciences crumble; they cast about physical and spiritual forces, that no man can see for something they can trust and turn to reli- it whole even from an airplane. He says that gion. It is more than likely that after this war, he has "at most assembled and put together no matter how impotent the churches seem to things and thoughts” that he has come upon, and be, there will be a recrudescence of religion, a "transferred the statements of science into re- period of mysticism, of reactionary thinking ligious terminology." (That transference is a which will last until people recover self-con- perfect example of crossed wires.) fidence and stability. Wells's belated discovery Wells has put together with a good deal of of religion is normal and natural; the only ab- skill the things and thoughts that he has come normal thing about it is that he seemed not to upon; he has arranged them in his habitually be the sort of man who would lose his grip on neat chapters and sections; he has ticketed and reality and find satisfaction in religious common- pigeonholed aspects of the True God and the place. false gods, or, since pigeonholes are not toler- And yet Wells has always shown a fundamen- ated in modern business, he has filed his thoughts tal weakness of which his latest book is one ex- and things in a steel filing-cabinet; and this in pression. He is an incurable romantic, and his spite of his own adjuration “that you try to set imagination is muddled. For all the brilliancy no nets about God.” “Chapter the Second: Her- of his thought and his electric lucidity of phrase, esies; or the Things That Are Not God. (1) he seldom keeps his ideas pure. He adulterates Heresies Are Misconceptions of God. (3) studies of society, novels, with sociological the- God Is Not Magic.” And so on, all in clear, ory, and he corrupts his discussions of social and compact literary method. There is much ad- political problems with sheer fiction. He mixes mirable phrasing, now and again a vivid met- stories of contemporaneous life with what he aphor. But I wish to the Lord (I believe that calls fantastic and imaginative romance. "In prayer is allowed by the Wellsian theology) I the Days of the Comet” is spoiled by a love story knew what the old-fashioned Almighty thinks which is lugged in by the heels or the heart; about Wells's Finite God and what Wells's without it that interesting book would have suc- Finite God makes out of Wells's presentation of ceeded even with a love-loving public. “Tono him. Bungay,” which should have been an excellent Not having the advantage of that intimacy story of modern life, is damaged by an unneces- with God which Mr. Wells seems to be favored sary expedition to Africa in search of "quap," a with, I must confine myself to things and mysterious metal which does not exist and which thoughts that are human and mundane and cap- ought not to be invented in that kind of book. able of some sort of verification. Not only does In the phrase of the day, Wells gets his wires Wells fail to content me with his report of the crossed. thoughts and things of my generation, but he In "God, The Invisible King," the crossing of seems to be ignorant of thoughts that were com- wires produces irritating crackles, occasional monplace a generation ago. Oddly enough, he is flashes of light, but no steady flame. Wells dis- not in the forefront of thought but is behind the cusses vast uncertainties in a tone of cocksure cer- times. Much that he has to say was stale (not titude. He writes of God as he once wrote of old, for the age of a thought does not damage flying machines. Bill Nye, of genial memory, it, but stale) before Matthew Arnold wrote his said that he had been reading an interesting book once lively and perturbing heresies. We got all by the Reverend Joseph Cook, of Boston, called that long ago, accepted it, took it for granted, "A Bird's-eye View of God.” Wells in his air- and stopped worrying about it. We could have plane sweeps over the universe at terrific speed, got most of it at about the same time or a little cutting figure eights and looping the loop just earlier from Renan, and much of it a long, long to show off and enjoy the power of his wings, time ago from Voltaire. It is as if Wells had surveys the Almighty, drops bombs into the camp come upon an airplane of ten years ago, had of the orthodox believer and into the camp of the mended it himself, and learned to navigate with atheist, sees at a glance that neither can shoot skill and daring, but was all the time sublimely straight, and comes back with a triumphant flour- unconscious that that type and many later im- ish of discovery to tell us all about it. To be provements had been sent to the scrap-heap. He sure he does not pretend to invention or dis- seems not even to have understood William covery; he disclaims it. “I have been but scribe James, whom he calls his friend and master; to the spirit of my generation.” God only certainly he has missed James's spirit and fine knows, his God only knows, who gave him his manners. For when James developed the idea credentials as authentic scribe to the spirit of a of a finite God and laid before us the consoling 1917] 15 THE DIAL ness. idea that there may be forces in the universe Opinion and the War more or less on our side, he said, “may be,” not, "absolutely are, and if you don't believe it you're Who is RighT IN THE WORLD-WAR? By K. G. wrong." James wooed the idea of God; Wells Ossiannilsson. (T. Fisher Unwin; 2s. 6d.) violates it. James was magnificently hospitable The LAND OF THE DEEPENING SHADOW. By D. to other people's gods and no-gods. The central Thomas Curtin. (George H. Doran Co.; $1.50.) theme of "Varieties of Religious Experience" is ITALY AND THE WAR. By Jacques Bainville. (George H. Doran Co.; $1.50.) the reality of the other man's experience; let us IMPERIAL GERMANY. By Prince Bülow. (Dodd, try to understand what other people have been Mead & Co.; $2.) through, accept their testimony about something THE WORLD AT WAR. By Georg Brandes. they know better than we do, before we attempt (Macmillan Co.; $1.50.) Inside the British Isles. By Arthur Gleason. to assess the value of that testimony and assemble (Century Co.; $2.) conclusions from the statements of many wit- Present-DAY EUROPE. By T. Lothrop Stoddard. nesses. If you do not accept Wells's God, you (Century Co.; $2.) not only miss heaven but are wiped off the earth, A more varied collection of volumes than ruled out of its warm living human contacts. this it is indeed difficult to imagine. But, with Listen to this egregious intolerance: the exception of Prince Bülow's book, they have The benevolent atheist stands alone upon his own in common the single characteristic of being good will, without a reference, without standard, quite painfully unimportant. Mr. Ossiannilsson trusting to his own impulse to goodness, relying upon shows us that one Swede, at any rate, is not pro- his own moral strength. A certain immodesty. a cer- tain self-righteousness, hangs like a precipice above German, but the rest of his thought is entirely him. He has no one to whom he can give him- unilluminating and utterly unimportant. Mr. self. His exaltation is self-centered, is priggish- Fisher Unwin's patriotism must indeed be ex- He has no source of strength beyond his treme if it could so far obscure his usually alert own amiable sentiments, his conscience speaks with an unsupported voice, and no one watches while he intelligence as to make him publish these dull sleeps. He cannot pray; he can but ejaculate. He platitudes. Mr. Curtin is one of Lord North- has no real and living link with other men of good cliffe's young men; and he has his patron's fac- will. ulty of making our flesh creep with quite As an atheist, I hope a benevolent one, I can exceptional hideousness. The book he has writ- assure Mr. Wells that the foregoing propositions ten will tell any reader what Mr. Curtin says are the cheekiest buncombe that I have read since he saw inside the German empire; but I think I read a report of a sermon by the Reverend that he will conclude that his author has still Billy Sunday. The old theologians consigned us to learn the value of historic and psychological to hell fire, a problematic punishment which is light and shade. M. Bainville has written a still in the future for those of us who are left straightforward and simple narrative of the case on the earth. The Reverend Mr. Wells denies for Italy, and he usefully makes plain the diffi- our humanity and falsifies psychology. If I had culties of the baffling campaign she has had to time I should lay him out, Chapter the First, fight. The exact purpose of Dr. Brandes's Section 1. But it is not worth while. I will book I have not been able to discover. It tells only suggest that he is the last man in the world us a good deal about Dr. Brandes. One learns to charge other men with immodesty, that there that he is very sensitive and that he loves a are other modes of expression besides prayer and certain impossible attitude which he calls impar- ejaculation, and that the links that we have with tiality. But, as a whole, the book is evidence other men of good will (and of ill will) are as that the expert had better stick to his province. In the interpretation of literature many of us real and living as anything in the human breast. are anxious to hear what Dr. Brandes has to And one thing more: Mr. Wells wishes to im- say. As a publicist, he is quite frankly third- press his ideas upon the world, to make converts. rate. His book is a rehash of old material and If so, he goes at the task in exactly the wrong new comment which has no permanent value of way. His facile dethronement of the old gods any kind. Mr. Gleason has performed an ex- will not disturb their votaries. His insolent tremely able journalistic feat. His volume is a attitude toward the godless, whom he might win very skilfully composed encyclopædia of English to a new and living conception of God,-if he thought to-day. Everyone is there-Mr. had one,-alienates them, arouses their intellec- eir intellec- Lansbury, Mr. Zimmern, Mr. Lionel Curtis, tual contempt (if he likes, their pride and prig- Mr. Webb. Labels of identification are attached gishness), incites them to say over again the to them all. An ordinary Englishman like my- line from the "Hymn to Proserpine": self may again and again have real difficulty I kneel not, neither adore you, but standing, look in recognizing some of the portraits. Mr. Glea- to the end. son works rapidly, and he is a little naïve. But John Macy. his book has a real interim value as a cinemato- 16 [June 28 THE DIAL graph and it is extraordinarily pleasant reading. feel that the domination of Germany could be Mr. Stoddard keeps a large pair of scissors by secured before the other powers realized that it his side. He has industriously gone through the had in fact been achieved. If there seems some- files of immense numbers of European newspa- thing sinister in this conception of a frank mer- pers. These he arranged territorially, and any- cantilism in foreign affairs, he will merely shrug one who wants, for debating purposes, a kind his shoulders and argue that it is the way of the of campaign-book of public opinion will find his world. He builds the life of the state around its book useful. But it is quite without critical army, and he is clear that its activity and organ- value. ization must not be subject to political influence. Of very different calibre is Prince Bülow's Indeed, he feels the more certain of that be- volume. A new edition of a book published cause, in his view, the one deficiency in the Ger- first some five years ago, it is, I imagine, among man character is the lack of a political instinct. the half-dozen most significant productions of That, of course, leads him to insist that the thor- the work. It is admirably translated, and the oughgoing parliamentarism of England or France new material is bracketed so that it can be dis- or America is unsuited to German conditions. tinguished from the old. Written as it is by one He dislikes the tendency in Germany to create who, with the single exception of the German a multiform and complex group-life,—which we Emperor, is more responsible than any other man are coming more and more to recognize as, in for the present catastrophe, it is little less than fact, the condition of liberty,—and he urges a public duty for everyone who wishes adequately that some modification is essential to German to understand the present situation to read it. needs. He deprecates the party system on the It is a realistic book. Prince Bülow does not ground that it subordinates national interests to becloud his thought with fine phrases or pious separatist interests—a foreigner can hardly read aspirations. He is perfectly clear as to what he this criticism of German parties without amaze- wants, and his frank belief in the rectitude of ment—and he insists that it breeds a dangerous his demands is refreshing. He is convinced that opposition to government. He believes that the Germany is the natural leader of the world. real object of domestic policy is simply tranquil- Culturally, industrially, socially, she is far in lity and the best means those which most easily advance of any other nation. It is then fitting secure that end. He has the Bismarckian hatred that the political situation should give expression of the Social Democrats and the Bismarckian to her aptitude for leadership. He does not suspicion of the Catholic Centre. He does not doubt that the object of world politics is power, doubt that the moral centre of the German na- and he explains how that power is to be attained. tion is built round the Hohenzollern dynasty, England stood in the way of German domina- and he insists that upon it the successful future tion, and while his building of the German navy of Germany depends. was not intended as a threat against England, Such was the attitude of Prince Bülow when it was intended that henceforth Germany should his book was first published in 1913. The have no reason to fear the control of her actions tragedy of this new edition is the fact that not on sea or land by the superiority of any other even the terrible experience of the last three nation. He regards himself as the successor of years has led him to modify a single conclusion. Bismarck, and it is the same policy of Weltmacht Rather, on the contrary, does it seem to have for- that he claims to have pursued. His whole con- tified his outlook. He believes, of course, in ception of international relations is based upon the invincibility of Germany. But what is re- the terrible chimera of the balance of power, markable in his added reflections is the absence and he obviously considers concerted European of any of the bitterness which distinguishes, for action of any kind a fantastic dream. He is example, the writings of Professor von Meyer or entirely uninterested in effort after European Count von Reventlow. He looks at the war organization, so that neither the Hague confer- with the cold detachment of an observer who ences nor proposals for international disarma- watches a predetermined, logical process. He ment even make an appearance in his pages. He has no room for moral considerations of any simply conceived that foreign policy could be kind. Causes and results he does not even ex- summed up in the desire of Germany to grow press in the language of a democratic commu- strong, and the desire of England to prevent her nity. The only point for his consideration is from being strong. In his view, the fatal mis- whether Germany will emerge stronger or take of English statesmen was not to strike weaker from the war. What she has done has against Germany before she had become too dan- been justified in his view by the conviction that gerous for attack to be lightly undertaken. Of it was either in her hands or in that of some the irreconcilability of France he was convinced ; other power that the key to world control had for the friendship of Russia he cared little. The to lie. He is of course convinced that it would Triple Alliance he felt sure of Italy-made him be better for Germany to secure domination. 1917] 17 THE DIAL It is difficult not to be convinced in our turn the Romans, but only to introduce a new note, that only the shock of complete defeat can change borrowed from Lombard craftsmen, into orna- so amazing an attitude. When Mr. Wilson in- ment. This lesser ambition proved a happy sisted that the world must be made safe for thing for Spain. It meant that her great in- democracy, the ideal which underlay his words herited tradition remained unbroken: she put was in fact the precise antithesis of this grim on, not a shackle, but a bracelet wondrously and sinister materialism. Whatever may have chased. been our failure in this crisis, the splendor of Spanish architecture is free, in the main, from ideals has been made clear to us. We have seen certain vices resultant from the zeal of the very definitely that the old terms of international convert and from the pedantry of too great existence have become obsolete. Prince Bülow's knowledge, such as the fretting up of noble book is the last defiant challenge of an order walls with meaningless pilasters, and the inter- that can be tolerated no longer. We have done position between a column and an arch of an with the civilization of dynasties and commercial isolated entablature. Moreover, the Moorish oligarchy. We must attach the instruments of influence, with its gift of color and romance, power to new purposes that have richer promise. lends a note which makes the architecture of It is, indeed, a long and difficult task. But it the Renaissance in Spain totally different from is exactly therein that we find its splendor. its manifestation in other times and places, Harold J. LASKI. worthy of the sympathetic and serious treatment it has received at the hands of these authors, in this truly admirable work. The Renaissance in Spain Spanish Renaissance architecture-until, un- der Philip II and his architect, Juan de Her- SPANISH ARCHITECTURE OF THE SIXTEENTH CEN- rera, it relapsed into that pedantry which lay TURY. By Arthur Bryne and Mildred Stapley. like a dead hand on all Europe—was clearly (G. P. Putnam's Sons; $7.50.) differentiated from that of any other country, In obedience to that good law by which civ- possessing characteristics well marked and there- ilized life is periodically cleansed of its accumu- fore easily described. Its most obvious and lated corruptions, we are to-day in presence of admirable merit consisted in a constant observ- tidal changes the nature and effects of which ance of that polarity which always ought to are difficult to understand. To our amazement exist between the wall and its penetrations and we find not only that the Nineteenth Century termination-doors, windows, cornice, and the has become infinitely distant, but that a past like. That is, the wall was treated as a wall; more remote has become suddenly and thrillingly its weight, mass, and extent of surface were near. duly respected. String courses marked, as they The sense of this is particularly present in should, the major internal horizontal divisions, reading such a book as "Spanish Architecture in and the eye was duly prepared for the inevitable the Sixteenth Century,” for it is concerned with end by high arcades surmounted by sumptuous the last great epochal reversal of consciousness cornices. Entrances were accented and given before the one now under way. For the Renais- due importance by frontispieces delightfully free sance was a reaction from Mediævalism to those and rich. Windows were similarly framed in humanistic and scientific engrossments and en- ornament and further embellished by balconies thusiasms which have persisted even up to the and iron grilles of superb design and craftsman- present time. ship. But the crowning glory of these buildings The Renaissance, “that first transcendent is seen in their patios, or interior arcaded courts. springtide of the modern world," came later in It is doubtful if this feature has ever elsewhere Spain than in Italy, where the mildness was received more logical and inspired treatment by first felt. Enrique de Egas, the earliest prac- architects. Compared with the best of them titioner of the new architectural art—the obra Bramante's famous Cancelleria court seems stiff del romano, as the Spanish began by calling it, and monotonous, and the Moorish court of the was spelling out a word here and a word there Alhambra looks sugary and thin. They are in the new vernacular, at a time when Peruzzi usually in two stages, an upper and a lower, and Bramante, men of the Golden Noon, were exhibiting a well-marked difference of propor- producing finished masterpieces in an already tion, the upper sometimes doubly divided, with transformed Milan, Siena, Rome, and Florence. an intermediate column over the centre of the Egas, unlike Brunelleschi, the great precursor, lower arch. The mouldings of the architraves was a Gothic architect, not alone by training of the arches were often delicately interlaced, and experience but in the very complexion of his and where a lintel replaced the arch it was sup- mind. He did not aim, as did Brunelleschi, to ported by fancifully shaped consoles projecting revolutionize structure by reverting to that of between the column's necking and abacus. The 18 [June 28 THE DIAL stairways leading off these courts were almost An Exacerbated Ego always noble in proportion, of easy slope, the balustrade ornamented with almost Gothic lux- RETROGRESSION. By William Watson. (John uriance and freedom. Another fine and charac- Lane Co.; $1.25.) teristic feature is seen in the wooden ceilings, of THE COLLECTED Poems OF JAMES ELROY FLECKER. geometrical design, richly carved and highly Edited, with an Introduction, by J. C. Squire. colored, showing the persistence of Moorish in- (Doubleday, Page & Co.; $2.) fluence. White FOUNTAINS: Odes and Lyrics. By Ed- ward J. O'Brien. (Small, Maynard & Co.; $1.) Taken all together, it may be said that Span- OXFORD POETRY, 1916. (Longmans, Green, & Co.; ish Renaissance architecture, particularly in its 36 cts.) first phase, is a style as distinctive and dis- OUT WHERE THE WEST BEGINS. By Arthur Chapman. (Houghton Mifflin Co.; $1.25.) tinguished as that of Italy or France, and elo- Tricks OF THE Trade. B. J. C. Squire. (Mar- quent, like them, of the time, the race, the place tin Secker; 2s. 6.) in which it budded, bloomed, and faded into Few things in the perplexing poetry of to-day this "winter of our discontent.” are clearer to the unprejudiced reader than its The authors of "Spanish Architecture in the usual fineness and delicacy of technique—unless, Sixteenth Century" have performed their work indeed, its occasional and sporadic, nearly always well—so well that the book must take an hon- deliberate, badness. The tiniest poeticule in the ored place in every architectural library with remotest environs of Parnassus can warble forth any pretense to completeness. Not only does a stave that would not have shamed Herrick or the volume contain more than two hundred illus- Campion. In spite of the fact that verse-making trations, but many of these are carefully meas- in English has grown steadily more difficult from ured drawings, the value of which, to an the time of Chaucer to our own, in spite of our architect, is greater than any photograph, how- recent rejection of specialized poetic diction and all the easy-going poetic licenses and padding ex- ever good. The text is historical as regards the style, biographical as regards its most famous pletives of earlier days, we are actually writing better verse, qua verse, it would seem, than any practitioners, and critical in the discussion of the but the best men in their best moments wrote more famous buildings. It is written in an a century ago. authoritative, interesting way, from full knowl- The situation is precisely that of which Tenny- edge and deep love of the subject. The authors, son illogically and ungratefully complained the publisher, and the public to which the book "Most can raise the Aowers now, for all have makes its appeal (a public unfortunately small) got the seed.” Much of the deliberate badness are alike to be congratulated. of contemporary versifying is due to the feeling- The worst service a reviewer can perform is to a well-known sign of over-cultivation that re- make his review so exhaustive as to deceive the finement has been carried to its ultimate limits. interested reader into the belief that it relieves A case in point is that of Mr. W. W. Gibson, him of the necessity of buying and reading the who began his career by writing long narrative book. Fortunately the imposed limits of this re- poems in the most "precious" and exigent stanza view make such a thing impossible. Let me structures and who later turned to—what one rather, in the little remaining space at my dis- sees. Without implying that vers libre is in any posal, sound a warning to the young designer sense bad versification, it may be pointed out that seduced by the beauty of the Sixteenth Century its vogue is partly due to the same sort of poetic atavism. Spanish Architecture into an attempt to play "the sedulous ape." If he is content to copy the These considerations, whatever truth or falsity style without understanding the social, political, they may contain, are far more charitable to cur- and psychological forces which gave it birth, he rent tendencies than those which Mr. Watson will fail unutterably: if he copies it with a full presents in his recent volume of criticism in understanding of all these things, he will still verse, "Retrogression." A perfectionist in verse fail; for that betrays in him a graver ignorance with all his powers of epigram this contempo- of the direct Tennysonian lineage, he attacks -an ignorance of the social, political, and psy- rary delight in the intentionally crude and chological forces which move us now. It is for crabbed. For example, in the poem “Nature's him not to copy, but to create. A book like this Way,” which is a more compact versified vade book is a stimulant to the creative faculty. Let mecum of classicism that Boileau's or Roscom- him nerve himself to the production of a dif- mon's, he makes a direct drive at the school of ferent but not inferior beauty, one consistent the "barbaric yawp.” “Faultily faultless may with modern life, modern conditions, and mod- be ill," he says, but "Carefully careless is worse ern building methods. CLAUDE BRAGDON. still." He correctly traces the "loose-lipped 1917] 19 THE DIAL lingo of the street,” which he finds characteristic this was carefully revised before his death. Ex- of present-day poetry, to a pretended worship of cept for those distinctly marked as early, few of "Art's uncorrupted mother, Nature.” Somehow his poems are clearly experimental or immature. Mr. Watson manages to make this sort of thing Everywhere in them one sees an alert and manly at once thrilling as attack, trenchant as crit- mind moving easily and habitually upon high icism, and beautiful as poetry. levels. His achievement in verse is consistently With this poem and much else in his book high, but no single poem stands out as specially that is sound in thought and brilliant in phrase, memorable. One catches many a glint and glim- Mr. Watson will find more sympathizers than mer of the full moon of poesy, but these are no- he may realize or even desire—for he seems to where gathered into a single broad beam. His enjoy thinking of himself as a sort of "lonely an- best things are not in the best places but seem tagonist of destiny," a last survivor of the giants of the texture rather than of the design. before the flood. It is a pity that this mood of In passing from the poems of Flecker to those haughty isolation has grown so strong in his of Mr. O'Brien, we move from the Hellenic work of late, and a misfortune that he has not dawn-albeit a modern Hellas, a Hellas of the been content to go on writing such noble things Parnassians-into that Celtic Twilight wherein as the “Hymn to the Sea" and "To the Un- no Saxon mind can long know North from known God," but has become more and more South or the right hand from the left. Vague feverishly concerned, it would seem, with his shapes, which we can easily imagine beautiful own reputation. The man who has successfully because they are so dimly seen, move toward us challenged Keats in "Ode to Autumn" and through the floating vapor of this poetry and re- Arnold in "Wordsworth's Grave" and Milton cede into it again, with muffled words and un- himself in "Lachrymæ Musarum," might well intelligible gestures. I must disregard the two afford to let alone all really ignorant or merely long odes which take up more than half the book. spiteful criticism of his work. That he has been The second of these is a mystic poem of serene unable to do so is lamentable evidence that this beauty and deep significance. The first is more sole or at least supreme living representative of like Whitman's “Children of Adam” than any- the classic mode in English poetry has fallen into thing else in American poetry which I have the deepest and darkest of romantic pitfalls read, and it is marred by the same lack of humor, egoism. It is just because one feels so deeply the judgment, self-criticism. The poet has not tried truth of what he says about himself and his work to imagine how his successive aves to the various that one wishes another pen than his had traced portions of his anatomy would sound to an im- the painful lines entitled "Confidence." partial listener. He has forgotten that even When criticasters of a day poetic composition contains some social element. Seem to have sneered me quite away; He has not considered the possibility that poetry When with a pontiff's frown may be even overheard. While a careful and Some dabbler puts me down; sympathetic reader will certainly find a high in- When up from out the nursery start tention in this first ode, he will almost cer- Sages to teach me mine own art- Guides in that field my share tainly be sorry that it was written in such a com- Ploughed long before they were; plete social feature sufficiently When guests of fashion brief as vain signalized by the fact that the poet while com- Sow wide a tasteless taste inane; posing it, as in the case of other poems in the When Folly, night and morn,. book, was presumably nude. Scatters on me her scorn; Perhaps John Keats would have admitted that When they who could bestow, refuse half-heard melodies are sweetest. The melodies With deathless spite the admitted dues; in the second part of Mr. O'Brien's book are When slanderous lips aver I am the slanderer; half-heard. He gives us little more than snatches Then, draining mine appointed cup, of lovely themes, and these we elaborate to our In patience do I gird me up, own liking. Frequently the result is a quintes- Knowing that Time, one day, sential poetry from which all dross of special All his arrears will pay. meaning is purged away. There is some danger that the poetry of Mr. O'Brien is a lover of pouring light. He Flecker, like that of his friend Brooke, may be cares little for sharply defined form or for color rated higher for a time than it deserves. Con- -witness his overuse of "white" and "gold.” sidering the inevitability of the recoil, there is His poems abound in delicate fancy and his words no kindness to the poet's memory in helping on have "elvish music in the weave.” this sentimental tendency. He should be judged, rarified and ethereal poetry is to be found than as he would have wished, by what he actually ac- he has given us in the small group of lyrics at complished. He left a fairly large amount of the end of his book. If, to the fine Celtic qual- work for a man who died at thirty, and most of ities already so clear in his verse, he could but vacuum a No more 20 [June 28 THE DIAL add humor, restraint, poise, clarity—why then he of-Doors" in a manner not very novel or very would cease to be an Irish poet, and that is a attractive in itself. The title poem is said by thing not to be thought of. Yet, if he could the publishers to be "perhaps the best-known bit only follow up the frequently thrilling and won- of verse in America. It hangs framed in the derful first stanzas of his better lyrics,—such, office of the Secretary of the Interior at Wash- for example, as that of “Magic,”—he would have ington. It has been quoted in Congress, and taken a long step away from the vague, nymph- printed as campaign material for at least two oleptic longing which makes so much of his work governors.” After this recommendation, one is merely obscure toward the always desirable hardly surprised to discover that it is merely an qualities of structure, form, design. inept and sentimental phrasing of the braggadocio As illustration of some of the things I have of the far West. said about Mr. O'Brien's work, I shall quote In Mr. Squire's "Tricks of the Trade” we “Off Chatham Bars” rather than “The Whisper have one of the most diverting books of parody of Earth," which I prefer, but which has been in recent years. Its range is wide—from Pope more frequently reprinted. to Davies—and almost as many styles of parodic Light, and the cry of the wild dove Aying writing are exhibited as there are styles parodied. Over the pathless sunset home, In the first half are ten imitations of the work Out of the mist of sighing waters of contemporary writers, mostly poets. In the Into the silent dying foam. second are ten duplex parodies which keep two Nightfall slowly hushing to stillness, balls in the air at once in a bewildering but often Murmur of shingle slipping down, brilliant fashion. These burlesques are fre- Throbbing pulse of the passionate spirit Brooding over the sleeping town. quently criticism of no mean order. The best of them, and one which deserves to live, like The veins of the world are fooding inward, Earth-flame curls in the running blood, the "Rehearsal," long after the object of its at- And flesh, an island in chartless oceans, tack is forgotten, is the one entitled “If Gray Scourged by the lash of the Aying scud. Had Had to Write His Elegy in the Cemetery Flowers in stars of adoration, of Spoon River Instead of that of Stoke Poges." Chaunting loud to the singing tide, I can quote from it only a few stanzas. Wind and moon and waters obeying, The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, Bridegroom Aaming unto the Bride. The whippoorwill salutes the rising moon, It must have taken courage to put together And wanly glimmer in her gentle ray, the little anthology of Oxford poetry for 1916. The sinuous windings of the turbid Spoon. Many voices from that "nest of singing birds" Here where the flattering and mendacious swarm have been stilled of late-some of which we had Of lying epitaphs their secrets keep, heard, and there is a sober hush over all this At last incapable of further harm, poetry which one does not find it hard to ac- The lewd forefathers of the village sleep. count for. The collection is small, extending For them no more the whetstone's cheerful noise, to only sixty pages, but it is very good through- No more the sun upon his daily course out and has nothing to fear on the score of Shall watch them savouring the genial joys Of murder, bigamy, arson, and divorce. beauty or maturity from comparison with any anthology that has been or may be made of con- Here they all lie; and, as the hour is late, temporary poetry in English. Among the names O stranger, o'er their tombstones cease to stoop, But bow thine ear to me and contemplate that one hopes to meet again are those of A. L. The unexpurgated annals of the group. Huxley, of Balliol, whose powerful though crabbed “Mole” reminds one a little of Fulke Full many a vice is born to thrive unseen, Greville, and Sherard Vines, whose strangely Full many a crime the world does not discuss, beautiful "Song of the Elm" reminds one of Full many a pervert lives to reach a green Replete old age, and so it was with us. nothing else in the world. But there is power and beauty on nearly every page. One cannot Doubtless in this neglected spot is laid help wondering whether any American univer- Some village Nero who has missed his due, Some Bluebeard who dissected many a maid, sity, or, to make the comparison fairer, any group And all for naught, since no one ever knew. of American universities, could do as well. The recent anthology of American college verse would Some poor bucolic Borgia here may rest Whose poisons sent whole families to their doom, seem to indicate a negative answer. Some hayseed Herod who, within his breast, The sort of "western verse" one finds in Concealed the sites of many an infant's tomb. Arthur Chapman's volume has been familiar since Types that the Muse of Masefield might have stirred, the days of Bret Harte. It was carried to its Or waked to ecstasy Gaboriau, highest level-which, after all, was rather low- Each in his narrow cell at last interred, by Eugene Field many years ago. Mr. Chapman All, all are sleeping peacefully below. phrases the old facile philosophy of "God's Out- ODELL SHEPARD. (6 1917] 21 THE DIAL mon. The Swinburne Legend rate, it all kept Swinburne's legend alive, and his life tantalizingly interesting. THE LIFE OF ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE. By Now comes Mr. Edmund Gosse's “Life of Edmund Gosse. (Macmillan Co.; $3.50.) Algernon Charles Swinburne," pathetically at- It is probably wise for poets to die young. tempting at one and the same time to invalidate They are saved the ignominy of becoming fat and our legend, or the profane legend evolved from stolid, deaf and silent, self-centred and impolite. the poetry, and to establish what to us is a new Their biographers escape the trouble of disinter- legend, the sacred legend of those who knew and ring the good they did as well as of burying the loved Swinburne the man. It is no strain on immortal evil that lives after them. Young one's mind or heart to appreciate Mr. Gosse's poets are personified romance; all their deeds difficult position. He must serve God and Mam- wear the enchanting garments lent by distance He was and is of those who wish Swin- and legend. Byron, despite the aching hearts burne were the "young Apollo” he looked, "if dangling on his watch chain, will always be the only the weak mouth and the receding chin idol of Youth; Shelley's unquenchable idealism could be ignored.” And yet, as biographer, he not only covers his few sins but actually explains feels he must serve Truth, this time unhappily, the affair with Harriet; Keats's ashes rest in a it seems, on the side of the profane legend. Grecian urn, and already from the present chaos For despite all his honorable efforts, Swinburne, emerge the radiantly godlike figures of Rupert “our sad bad glad mad brother” peeps through, Brooke and Alan Seeger. Each has his legend elfin and human. and no amount of scholarship can dim its ra- The sacred legend it was that made it possible diance. for Lafcadio Hearn, in his Tokyo University Swinburne, too, had his legend, based, for lectures, about 1902, to say: "Swinburne is al- lack of a biography, almost entirely upon his together an incomparably stronger character than poetry. To his youthful worshippers, beyond Shelley. He kept his radicalism for his poetry, , the sacred pale of London literary circles, the and never in any manner outraged the conven- author of "Dolores” and “Faustine" and "Laus tions of society in such matters as might relate Veneris” was the most frankly sensual of all to his private life. Shelley, for example, is English poets, pagan, unorthodox, and uncon- a very chaste poet,—there is not one improper ventional; a bit given to emphasizing the rap- line in the whole of his poetry; but his life was tures and roses of vice rather than the languors decidedly unfortunate. Exactly the reverse hap- and lilies of virtue. In spite of Buchanan's ac- pens in the case of Swinburne, who has written cusation of more than spiritual plagiarism from thousands of immoral lines.” (The italics are Baudelaire, in his articles labelling the Pre- mine!) mine!) And the contented and reassured re- Raphaelites "The Fleshly School," Swinburne viewer of this present volume, in the London could not have lived a model Mid-Victorian ex- "Times," puts on the finishing touch: "To treat istence, said the youngsters. To his older, and Swinburne in an official manner would be like perhaps wiser admirers, the author of "The breaking a bird of Paradise on the wheel; and a Hymn of Man" and "The Garden of Proser- never for a moment has Mr. Gosse attempted to pine" was the poet of satiety and heresy, not There is a Swinburne legend which pointing his moral, 'tis true, but adorning his would have been killed (again the italics are tale most seductively. The greybeards could mine) by an official biography, but Mr. Gosse ] hardly argue that he had depended entirely upon authenticates it for us; he convinces us that our vicarious experience for the genuine feeling of most delightful dreams about the poet were true, worldweariness in the latter and the blasphemies and that the truth is even better than the shouted from the former. But to both, old and dreams." Wherein we see the Mid-Victorian young, the man was dangerously synonymous still stalking abroad in our land. with the poet. It was even mouthed about, Mr. Gosse's volume is chronological and anec- especially at the time of Watts-Dunton's death, dotal, there is hardly a page that is not enriched that Swinburne's muse was not wholly indepen- by some delightful incident or jest concerning dent of stimulants somewhat more worldly than Swinburne's time and associates. The famous the nectar and ambrosia of Olympus; and that controversies are all recorded; Algernon's child- only when the fires of youth had cooled and been ish recantation of his early admiration for most effectively banked by this very Watts- Arnold, Whitman, and Whistler, is regretfully Dunton did babies' feet and sea shells assume admitted and in the two latter cases successfully their famous fascination. There was no unim- shifted to Watts-Dunton's shoulders; and his peachable authority for all this gossip, nor for notorious worship of Hugo, Landor, and Maz- the insistent hypothesis that the author of "Her- zini is faithfully described and explained. There maphroditus” was not so angelic as his Pre- is, however, little or no criticism of the poems Raphaelite brothers had painted him. At any and no attempt to supply what many readers do so. 22 [June 28 THE DIAL a would have expected and wished for, a psycho- “Of Swinburne's life at the time little can be logical analysis or at least commentary on the recorded, and less that is agreeable," and the poet's personality, such as might be used for London record closes with the report that the a more complete understanding of his work. He "Months of August and September 1879 were skips and twitches, red-headed, through the the most deplorable in his whole career.” pages, alternately raging mad and angelically These admissions, vague though they are and quiet. But he does not live again. scattered through the volume, unfortunately The reason for this, I think, will be found in leave the sacred legend little porous. Mr. Gosse's determination to maintain the con- No morbid curiosity is needed, and were it spiracy of silence, at which he is only half needed Mr. Gosse himself excites it, to warrant successful. It is, for example, rather deadly to the suspicion that Swinburne knew enough of be assured that Swinburne was "largely intellec- wine, women, and song to supply him with at tual in his rebellious attitude to society" and least part of the local color so lavishly and ac- that “his attitude of complacency with even what curately used in his first "Poems and Ballads." might be called British prejudice" went so far as One reads "Laus Veneris” and “Dolores" with to deserve the term "Jingo patriotism." And quickened interest if with no more intimate interest or curiosity is goaded into irritation by knowledge. The feeling that Mr. Gosse has the Muse of History "drawing a veil” whenever consciously eliminated many details that seemed ” the biographer feels that the sacred legend is in to violate the sacred legend is further justified danger. From Eton to Putney one comes upon by one or two items which might otherwise have these shiftings. At Eton "Swinburne had in- passed unnoticed. On page 319, in the first Ap- creasing trouble with Joynes [his tutor of a pendix, in a letter from Lord Redesdale one rebellious kind and in consequence of some rep- reads: “his hair was red, violent, aggressive red resentations he did not return to Eton.” “Re- it was, unmistakable, unpoetical carrots”! On bellious" is an innocent word, specific enough, page 12 Mr. Gosse quotes the letter as reading: but "representations" sounds strangely euphem- "red, violent, aggressive red it was, unmistak- istical. One wonders. able red, like burnished copper”!! Now the At Oxford "On one occasion when Dr. sacred legend has it that Swinburne's hair was an Acland was so kind as to read a paper on sew- “aureole”; obviously aureoles are not made from age (!) there was a scene over which the Muse unpoetical carrots. That was a faux pas on the of History must draw a veil”; “Swinburne's part of Lord Redesdale. conduct became turbulent and unseemly, he was In a characteristic letter from George Moore, looked upon as 'dangerous' ”; “his extravagances in Appendix III, one also finds an incident, and were the cause of much annoyance to the au- several lively comments on Swinburne and his thorities"; and he himself said: "My Oxonian work, which one instantly recognizes as not career culminated in total and scandalous fail- worthy of a place in the body of the book. Mr. ure.' But as to what his conduct or extrava- Gosse quotes Mr. E. V. Lucas's "guarded and gances even might have been one is left with ironic sketch" in "The New Statesman" of hardly a hint. With his departure from Oxford March 25, 1916, and remarks that it "deserves and arrival in London the veil becomes an as- close attention”; but he seems himself to have bestos curtain, retaining, however, the fatal read it somewhat hastily, for he neglects, in a peep-hole. very witty and amusing description of a visit Once the poet completely vanished ... but on to "The Pines," this vivid and perhaps all too this occasion and on others of a more or less dis- tressing kind the prodigal was found and restored human picture of Swinburne: to his lodgings but Swinburne fell into the This, my first sight of Swinburne, I am not likely to hands of other and later associates whose company forget, since various other preconceptions instantly was not always of advantage to him. He crumbled away. For one thing, though he was as seemed unable to resist succumbing to the most de- short as I had supposed, his body was by no means bilitating irregularities. Unfortunately, during the inconsiderable affair that, from many testimonies, the summer of 1870, in circumstances which were one had thought it. On the contrary, it was marked widely related at the time, he had a difference with by solidity, and below the waist-line was not less the Committee of the Arts Club and he was asked ethereal than that of many a trencherman. to resign; .. for from this time forth the dis- face, too, which was highly colored, bore further crepancy between his behavior in London and in the signs that materialistic interests were not outside his country became more remarkable than ever. It is not scheme of life ... his whole person was in- necessary to dwell on much that was distressing and formed by prandial intentions. It had neither vivac- even alarming, in his town habits. . In the early ity nor spiritual suggestion.. What added the summer of 1871 his extravagances reduced him to ultimate touch of unexpectedness was the fact that such a state of health that his father carried him in his hand was a bottle of either beer or stout-I off to Holmwood. forget which. Grasping this firmly in front of him When he meets Oscar Wilde and records him as the author of “Atalanta in Calydon" advanced to his chair at the dining table. From the careful a “harmless young nobody" Mr. Gosse remarks: way in which he poured the Auid from his cherished a .. His 1917] 23 THE DIAL bottle, I gathered that that was his allowance and which was a question of distribution and not of must be husbanded, actual supply, had become less acute. Within And there will be few readers indeed who three months one heard that the army had been will finish this whole volume, and find, without well equipped and that a Russian offensive was surprise, that with the exception of one brief to be expected. The political crises that natur- and unfortunate affair there is not one mention ally accompanied the Revolution were safely made nor hint given of love having entered Al- weathered and a coalition cabinet was formed gernon Charles Swinburne's life! Mr. Gosse's work speaks from the atmosphere workmen of factories in and around Petrograd that united politically all classes. Only the of intimacy, and in that position one can sym- pathetically understand the instinctive “reticence, always been the centre of intrigues. were slow to fall into line, but Petrograd has tact and diplomacy” for which the English re- Americans wondered how the readjustment viewers are so heartily praising him. But as an had been accomplished, for they had heard little "authentication" of the sacred legend the vol- of the ancient self-governing institutions of Rus- ume is not wholly successful. For, in spite of sia, which have been concealed by the bureau- biographer and reviewers, Swinburne wrote and cracy with its police and Cossack methods of was unashamed of that unique volume, the first governing. Americans knew little of the village series of “Poems and Ballads.” system of Russia, by which the peasants, even B. I. KINNE. in the times of serfdom, enjoyed a considerable measure of self-government. We were only vaguely aware of the existence of Zemstvos— The Zemstvo Russia's elected local councils, which had been gradually taking over the functions of govern- SELF-GOVERNMENT IN RUSSIA. By Paul Vino- ment. When the Revolution was announced gradov. (E. P. Dutton & Co.; $1.50.) from Petrograd, the Municipal Councils in all Americans were unprepared for, and surprised the large cities arrested, and then assumed the by, the Russian Revolution of last March. Then functions of, the local bureaucrats. As a matter they were skeptical as to its success, for they of fact those functions had been little more than imagined that disorganization must follow the that of maintaining order, the local government overthrow of an autocratic government that had bodies having already assumed government func- held a monopoly of the administration of the tions several months before the actual Revolu- vast country for many generations. How tion. In the country districts the provincial could the peasants get along without their Lit- councils formally announced what had been a tle Father? Who would run the country now? fact for some time—that they were the local The Duma had selected a Provisional Govern- authorities. By a simple order from the new ment from among its own members. The sol- Premier the five hundred Zemstvo presidents, the diers and workmen of Petrograd had organized elected governors, replaced the “police” gov- a Council of Delegates to control and assist the ernors and their subordinates. In the villages new administration. But what would happen the peasants simply drove out the police and as- in the rest of the country? sumed responsibility for public order, acting Unfortunately the reports we have received through their village assemblies and their elders. of the progress of the Revolution have been con- Within three months the peasantry of Russia fined for the most part to Petrograd and the sur- was assembled in a representative Congress, reg- rounding districts. Moreover, the news from ularly elected through the already existing peas- other parts of the country has touched par- ant self-governing bodies. ticularly on those elements working for disrup- Last summer I had occasion to show to an tion which inevitably came to the surface at American visiting and studying Russia some- such a moment. But the predicted “breakdown" thing of the work of “self-governing” Russia. has not actually come. The Russian leaders We went out to the rural districts, using the themselves constantly spoke of impending dis- well-paved Zemstvo roads, visiting Zemstvo aster; they were speaking, however, to their own schools, inspecting model farms established by people in an effort to secure greater unity and the Zemstvo of the district, and noting par- to discredit irresponsible agitator But their ticularly the hospitals equipped and conducted statements seemed to justify the gloomiest ap- by the Zemstvo. We stepped into a coöperative prehensions. store organized by the peasants on their own Very quickly, however, and with remarkably initiative, with some slight encouragement from little serious friction, the readjustment from au- the Zemstvo. The idea of coöperation is very tocratic rule to popular government took place. strong among the peasants; for many years a Within three months the food problem, which communal system of land tenure was the pre- was the immediate cause of the Revolution but vailing tradition among the peasants of Great 2+ [June 28 THE DIAL Had we Russia. After he had seen rural Russia and more adventurous in personal relations, far more Zemstvo Russia, my friend was more ready to aware of the bewildering variousness of human believe that another Russia would soon emerge. nature. If you have once warmed to Dostoev- Until that trip he had known only bureaucratic sky, you can never go back to the older classic Russia and the official Russia of Petrograd. fiction on which we were brought up. The The Revolution of last March was the work lack of nuance, the hideous normality, of its of Zemstvo Russia, supported by Municipal people begins to depress you. When once you Russia and by the soldiers, workmen, and peas- have a sense of the illusion of “character," when ants. The soldiers were organized in their reg- once you have felt the sinister, irrational turn of iments. The peasants could act and speak human thoughts, and the subtle interplay of through their village assemblies and also through impression and desire, and the crude impinge- the Zemstvo, on which they have their elected ment of circumstance, you find yourself-unless representatives. The workmen of Russia had you keep conscious watch-feeling a shade of suffered most under the arbitrary, bureaucratic contempt for the Scott and Balzac and Dickens police régime, and they had not been able to and Thackeray and Trollope who were the au- train themselves in local self-government. Con- thoritative showmen of life for our middle-class sequently they have been slower to realize the relatives. You relegate such fiction to the level responsibilities involved in the Revolution. The of "movie" art, with its clean, pigeonholed cate- Zemstvo is the most vital of the self-government gories of the emotions, and its “registering” of bodies of Russia. It was not by accident that a few simple moods. the man selected to head the new government You will, of course, be wrong in any such was Prince Lvov, the elected leader of Zemstvo contempt, because these novelists show a bewild- Russia, the President of the “All-Russian Union ering variety of types and a deep intuition of the of Zemstvos. major movements of the soul. Dickens teems In his short but excellent account of “Self- with irrational creatures, with unconventional Government in Russia" Professor Vinogradov, levels of life. But you can scarcely contradict writing before the Revolution, prophesies that me when I say that neither Dickens nor his “Russia is emerging from the background of readers ever forgot that these human patterns Europe through self-government." were queer. His appeal lies exactly in the joy- more generally known the facts given in this ful irrelevance with which we take all these book, we should have understood how the Rev- lapses from the norm, in the pitiful tears which olution came about and why it was so orderly we can shed for human beings done so obviously and effective. The last phrase of the author as they should not be done by. In reading these has particular force just now. After summariz- familiar novelists we never lose our moral land- ing what Russia has accomplished in the field marks. No matter how great the deviations a of local self-government, he says: “No one will character shows, we are always conscious—or have the right to speak contemptuously hence- could be conscious if we liked—of the exact forth of the lack of initiative or the inability of amount of that deviation. The charm of that the Russians to manage corporate affairs.” nineteenth-century fiction, as in the work of be- SAMUEL N. HARPER. lated Victorians like Mr. Chesterton, lay in that duality between the sane and the insane, the virtuous and the villainous, the sober and the The Immanence of Dostoevsky mischievous, the responsible and the irrespon- sible. There was no falsification in this. These The EternAL HUSBAND. By Fyodor Dostoevsky. novelists were writing for an epoch that really (Macmillan Co.; $1.50.) had stable "character," standards, morals, that It is impossible not to think of Dostoevsky as consistently saw the world in a duality of body a living author when his books come regularly, and spirit. They were a reflection of a class that as they are coming, to the American public every really had reticences, altruisms, and religious few months. Our grandfathers sixty years ago codes. are said to have lived their imaginative lives in Dostoevsky appeals to us to-day because we anticipation of the next instalment of Dickens are trying to close up that dualism. And our or Thackeray. I can feel somewhat of the same appreciation of him and the other modern Rus- excitement in this Dostoevsky stream, though I sians is a mark of how far we have actually gone. cannot pretend that the great Russian will ever It is still common to call this fiction unhealthy, become a popular American classic. Yet in the morbid, unwholesome. All that is meant by this progress from Dickens to Dostoevsky there is a is that the sudden shock of a democratic, unified, symbol of the widening and deepening of the intensely feeling and living outlook is so severe American imagination. We are adrift on a far to the mind that thinks in the old dual terms wider sea than our forefathers. We are far as to be almost revolting. What becomes more a 1917] 25 THE DIAL and more apparent to the readers of Dostoevsky, ment” you are yourself the murderer. For days however, is his superb modern healthiness. He the odor of guilt follows you around. The ex- is healthy because he is not afraid of life as it travaganza of “The Double” pursues you like is actually lived, in its unsatisfactoriness and its a vivid dream of your own. aspiration and its queer blindnesses. He is All of Dostoevsky's qualities are in this latest healthy because he has no sense of any dividing volume, "The Eternal Husband.” But so con- line between the normal and the abnormal, or centrated are they that the Dostoevsky novice even between the sane and the insane. I call would better begin with that poignant, but less this healthy because it is so particularly salutary extravagant, story, “The Insulted and Injured," for our American imagination to be jolted out or that epic of frustrated aspiration, “The of its stiltedness and preconceived notions of Brothers Karamazov.” The first story in this human psychology. I admit that the shock is new volume is about a man who is eternally somewhat rough and rude. "The Idiot,” which doomed to be a cuckold, and is told by one of I have read only once, remains in my mind as a the dead wife's lovers. The poor husband has stream of fairly incomprehensible people and un- neither the strength of revenge nor the stolidity intelligible emotional changes. Yet I feel that of adjustment, and pursues a frantic course be- when I read it again I shall understand it. For tween them. He is so much a victim that his Dostoevsky has a strange, intimate power which utter debasement takes on a pathetic irony which breaks in your neat walls and shows you how is the more vivid for the impersonal, reliant much more subtle and inconsequent your flowing scorn of the narrating lover. Mr. William Lyon life is than even your introspection had thought. Phelps is said to find humor in the book, but it But for all his subtlety he is the reverse of any- is only the mirthless humor of irony that is all thing morbidly introspective. He is introspection through Dostoevsky's work. turned inside out. For self-analysis is only tor- The second story, "The Double,” is an amaz- turing and unhealthy when you are conscious of ing record of the feverish rush of a mind on the an I which analyzes a Me. But suppose you can borderline of insanity. Yet it is so human in its merge the I and the Me so that you get the full subtle tracing of the weary mind trying to catch warm unity of emotional life without losing any up with a world which ever grows too much for of the detail of the understanding analysis of the it, that we take it not as a pathological incident soul. but as a deep poem of the human spirit. This This astounding mergence Dostoevsky actually is somehow ourselves in our uncomfortable col- seems to achieve. This is what gives him the lisions with the world. We understand anew intimate power which distinguishes every story that sanity is merely a matter of keeping our of his from anything else you ever read. Again vagaries hidden. The third story, “A Gentle he contrasts with the classical novelists. For Spirit," tells of a sinister marriage and the de- they are quite palpably outside their subjects. struction of a girl's soul by a man, not through You are never unaware of the author as telling malice but through sheer ineptness. The analysis the story. He has always the air of the show- is amazing,—the husband's clutching justification man, unrolling his drama before your eyes. His of his attitude, which he knows is wrong, the characters may be infinitely warm and human, fatal conflict between his habit-will and his but the writer himself is somehow not in them. generous inclinations. "Wuthering Heights" is the only story I think Such stories, however fantastic the problems of that has something of this fierce, absorbed in- of the soul, get deeply into us. We cannot tensity of Dostoevsky's. In the great Russian ignore them, we cannot take them irresponsibly. you lose all sense of the showman. The writer We cannot read them for amusement, or even is himself the story; he is inextricably in it. In in detachment, as we can our classics. We stories like “The Double” or “A Gentle Spirit,” forget our categories, our standards, our notions in this volume, immanence could go no further. of human nature. All we feel is that we are The story seems to tell itself. Its strange, tracing the current of life itself. Dostoevsky is breathless intimacy of mood follows faithfully so much in his stories that we get no sense of every turn and quirk of thought and feeling. Its his attitude toward his characters or of his crit- tempo is just of that inner life we know, with its icism of life. Yet the after-impression is one ceaseless boring into the anxious future and its of rich kindness, born of suffering and imperfec- trails of the unresolved past. These stories fol- tion, and of a truly religious reverence for all low just that fluctuating line of our conscious living experience. Man as a being with his feet life with its depressions and satisfactions, its in the mud and his gaze turned toward the stars, striving always for a sense of control, its uneasi- yet always indissolubly one in feet and eyes and ness. In Dostoevsky's novels it is not only the heart and brain! If we are strong enough to author that is immanent. The reader also is hear him, this is the decisive force we need on our absorbed. After reading “Crime and Punish- American creative outlook. RANDOLPH BOURNE. 26 [June 28 THE DIAL a CASUAL COMMENT our service or increase business.” Says the in- genious manager of the book department and THE COMMENCEMENTS OF 1917 have taken author of this new "booksellers' school”: “Al- on a tone of their own. Previous Junes have though we have been using these questions only brought forth conventional essays and orations about a month, I have noticed not only an in- about the "struggle" and the conflict" from creased alertness on the part of the clerks, but students, and perfunctory expressions of good also a desire to know more about the publica- will and good hope from presidents, principals, tions they are selling or hope to sell in the and headmasters. This season our youths have future." Book-buying in Des Moines ought to been taking their degrees and diplomas in khaki be a real pleasure. or other significant uniform; and the observa- tions and admonitions of their instructors have THE EFFECT OF THE WAR ON THE READING exhibited both the actuality of the familiar OF BOOKS receives a side-lighting from an article struggle and the scant lapse of time between the by an English publisher which recently appeared departure from the academic atmosphere and the in the "Publisher's Weekly." The writer is of entrance into conflict in real and literal earnest. course young, or he would have remained silent; Elder men have set forth the gratitude due the country for opportunities and privileges enjoyed, ensued. and of course successful, or no pæan would have He seems to have been successful be- and younger men have soberly acknowledged the cause he took a sound line and stuck close to it. obligation and have promptly set about to dis- He waived aside the notion that for a time people charge it. Education, whatever its previous would not read. How, in fact, could a non- shortcomings in regard to a coördination of the reading civilized world be, in any circumstances, nation's energies and aspirations and to a revival conceived ? L'appétit vient en mangeant. The of the ancient pieties and immemorial decorums, mental stomach, distended by the long habit of has advanced greatly toward the goal during the reading, cannot but continue to call for the sus- month just ending. tenance of the printed sheet. It may call for sustenance different in nature, but not less in A NEW IDEA IN BOOK-SELLING comes from a Our publisher chose his books with an department-store is Des Moines, which, in or- eye to current conditions; the usual demand der to render its staff of salesmen more alert and would be modified in character by the experi- better informed, has prepared for their study a ences through which England was passing. He list of two-hundred-and-odd questions relating to printed larger editions, advertised more widely, their stock in particular and to the literary sit- pushed along his "travellers" more vigorously, uation in general. A dozen of these items, taken and won out. Reading is the modern refuge decimally, will serve to indicate what the Per- and the modern dissipation; and, with so many fect Salesman should know: of the more elaborate and more expensive forms Name three famous cartoonists, and state of indulgence curtailed or suppressed, it is likely, what works of each of these we have in stock. under intelligent guidance, fully to hold its own. What was Booth Tarkington's last book? How does Hugo differ from Balzac and Dumas? Name an important book by each. New COMPETITION FOR THE NOVELIST, al- What have you in stock for a child three ready harassed and hardpressed, is threatened. years old ? For a child twelve years old ? Time was when he had to struggle only against How many books in the Elsie Series? his contemporaries, native and foreign, against Name three books in stock for children about the classics established in previous centuries, and five years old, costing from $1.50 to $2.50. against the creators of recently expired copy- What is blank verse? rights with their concomitants of library "sets" Is James Whitcomb Riley still living? manufactured and vended as mere merchandise. What did he write? The dead were dead, and—save for a too abun- Has Lord Dunsany a forthcoming book? dant reproduction of their words—were silent. What is the latest edition of Holt's "Care There was a time when, if the brains were out and Feeding of Children”? But that condition no longer obtains. Have you a medical dictionary? Is it re- Even the dead seem to have regained the creative cent? Authentic? plane and to show a disposition toward active Have you a book of instruction for wait- competition with the living. For example, here resses ? comes “Patience Worth.” Once she was content And so on, down to items 226 and 227, which with writing bits of verse and of homily. But are: “Can you make five suggestions for the now, according to announcement, she is bringing betterment of the department in general ?" and, out a novel—one of 300,000 words. Like her “Tell what they are and how they will improve other work, it comes to our mundane circles viâ . a 1917] 27 THE DIAL ditions.” It is safe to say that the public library is in no danger of apoplexy from too generous feeding at the public crib. the ouija board—all its vast expressiveness hav- ing been laboriously spelled out by the Mrs. Cur- ran who has acted on previous occasions. The ghostly romancer has chosen for her period the early years of our era, and for her title, “A Sorry Tale”: her protagonist is the impenitent thief of the Crucifixion. It is said also that a second novel, "A Merry Tale," descriptive of life in "Patience's” own period, the seventeenth century, has progressed already beyond 20,000 words. But, after all, is the novelty, however great, com- plete? Does it come unique and virginal? There was Coleridge, who "did not write 'Kubla Khan,'” but only "wrote it down." Yet "Alph, the sacred river," however mysterious its course, never "ran” to 300,000 words. LIGHT FROM THE East, and light on the East,—such is the double promise conveyed by the announcement of the founding of an English weekly review in Shanghai. The new publica- tion will be known as “Millard's Review," and will be edited and published by Thomas F. Mil- lard, known for years as a war correspondent of American newspapers and magazines, and more recently as editor of the “China Press” and author of books dealing with questions be- tween the Far East and the United States. The East promises—or threatens—to loom still big- ger within the next few years, and any aid ex- plaining the Orient to the Occident and tending to bring about better relations between the two cannot but be welcome. COMMUNICATIONS Wyatt Eaton. (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) Will anyone having a reproduction of the pen and ink portrait of Robert Louis Stevenson by Wyatt Eaton be good enough to communicate with Mrs. Eaton? Address, 450 Fifth Avenue, New York, care of Mr. William Macbeth. June 22, 1917. CHARLOTTE Eaton. A SIGNIFICANT COMPARISON is drawn by Mr. John Cotton Dana in his latest report of the Newark, N. J., Public Library. That library, with its nine branches and its many departments of activity and usefulness, costs its community $150,000 a year. With this income it puts into circulation more than a million books, receives and, if desired, ministers to more than a million visitors, and provides facilities for the same num- ber of readers in its reference department; also it buys nearly 30,000 new books in the same annual period, receives 1,200 periodicals, main- tains a clipping bureau and a large picture col- lection, houses the Newark Museum, sends out more than three hundred class-room libraries, an- swers seven thousand telephone calls for informa- tion, gives instruction in the use of its facilities, and does much else of a useful nature besides, and all, be it noted again, on $150,000 a year. The public schools, which offer service to a much smaller portion of the community call for an annual expenditure of more than three million dollars, even though the parochial and other non- public schools of the city care for eighteen thou- sand pupils at no expense to the municipality. A striking comparison, or contrast, might also have been drawn between the modest annual sum spent on the library and that required to maintain the police force and the municipal courts. Not long ago a city alderman in a west- ern state where strikes had been prevalent urged that the customary library appropriation be used for additional police service, on the ground that abstention from reading would be preferable to a reign of crime. Curiously enough, a newspaper of a neighboring city (where strike riots had actually occurred) was at the same time urging an increase in the library appropriation because "books are better than policemen under such con- was DISCOVERING THE PRESENT. (To the Editor of THE DIAL.) An unexpected result of this flood of war is our willing confinement to the present. Before August, 1914 we had a genial interest in the books and men of the past; for many of us their appeal so stirring that they constituted our true spiritual life. The present had indeed its legitimate place in our hearts. Shaw, Wells, Chesterton could not fail to fascinate us, and Brieux, France, Bergson, Maeterlinck, Ibsen, d'Annunzio from abroad proved for us the immortal vitality of lit- erature. In art futurism shouted rebellion against the primacy of beauty. In science improvement followed improvement in the tools and matériel of civilization. Political history had its perennial in- terest. We read eagerly of Lloyd George and the lords, of French conservatism hoping much from President Poincaré, of blustering Prussian officers abusing cobblers in Alsace who could not forget la France, of the scholar-president of the greatest republic and his zeal for democracy, of wretched Mexico sunken in feuds. This present was ours and we were glad to be alive in it; but it was not the capital fact in our lives. The present was simply a half-century which 28 (June 28 THE DIAL -- we beheld in the flesh. Our hearts and minds dwelt in the past and drew their nourishment from its great names and achievements. The French revolutionists and their forerunners who fought for Reason, the urban literature of the grand siècle, the poetic civilization of the Middle Ages, the human Italians of the Renaissance, the deeps we sounded with Plato, Dante, Shakespeare, Kant, Goethe, the heavenly beauty that Greek, Latin, Saxon, and Arab had put upon earth, the whole treasure of England, mother of our culture-these, and much else of the past, were our favored inter- ests. We meant to be the contemporaries of all humanity, and to choose the time as well as the place of our residence among men. But the present has become hypnotically, mag- netically insistent, and the past has gone clean out of our minds. It has become a memory, put away from everyday thinking, like early happenings in our lives still possessing some influence but not often the object of our attention. We shall never again live and think as we did before August, 1914; our interests have veered too far from where they were. Who will read the old books again without this war's ideas for the guide of his reaction? Who will write again, who will cher- ish and practise culture without the apostasy of Germany in mind? The present has conquered us all. Whatever we do and think of moment dur- ing this generation will come from this tremendous battle for Right. The world is born again, and we are the first who shall speak and act in the new age to be! It is a rare privilege thus to live in the youth of a period, and to be something more than its late-born commentators. GEORGE A. UNDERWOOD. Smith College, June 20, 1917. play. Thus Fitzmaurice Kelly ("A History of Spanish Literature," New York, 1902, p. 125) says: “This remarkable book has been classed as a play, or as a novel in dialogue. Its influence is most marked on the novel.” Martin Hume ("Spanish Influence on English Literature,” London, 1905) discusses “Celestina" in his chapter on the novel, and says (p. 249), “It was, to all intents and purposes, a novel in dramatic form.” Professor Ward ("History of English Dramatic Literature,” I, 232) calls it "a dramatic novel of intrigue and character.” Mr. How need have gone no further than the English miracle plays to find examples of the kind of apparent shifting of scene from speech to spech which he refers to in “Celestina." And these examples would have served his purpose better, because they occur in undoubted acting plays. But neither “Celestina" nor any other mediæval drama, so far as I know, really offers a fair par- allel to Mr. Dreiser's kaleidoscopic scene shifts. The mediæval stage made use of what is now called "multiple setting,” that is (1 quote Professor Thorndike's "Shakespeare's Theatre," p. 11), "in general the medieval performance repre- sented different places at the same time by means of properties, and used the neutral unpropertied space to represent all other places.” It is only from our modern point of view that the scene seems to shift from speech to speech as we read these plays; really the several scenes were all rep- resented simultaneously by the "multiple setting.” The contemporary reader of a piece like “Celes- tina" would read with this “multiple setting" stage in mind, and what seem to us shifts of scene would mean to him merely changes from one "station" on the stage to another, such as he had often wit- nessed in acted drama. He would have all the scenes before his mind's eye all the time, so that no mental readjustment would be necessary when the action or dialogue moved to a different “station.” The reader of closet drama to-day reads with our "single setting” stage in mind; and each shift of scene will involve for him a mental readjustment. When Mr. Dreiser takes him in successive speeches from Mrs. Delavan's kitchen to her front yard, and then to the cab of a locomotive a hundred miles away, he is likely to be confused and wearied by the rapid imaginative readjustments necessary; at the very least, his attention will be distracted from the action and main business of the play. And this, I still believe, is a source of fatal weakness. Finally, I cannot refrain from remarking that in his anxiety properly to castigate my ignorance, Mr. How extravagantly overestimates the literary value of “Celestina.” Historically, of course, its importance is very great, and intrinsically its merit is considerable; but to call it, as Mr. How does, "one of the few most alive of the supreme works of art Europe has produced” is to give it equal rank with the Iliad, the Divine Comedy, and Hamlet. I am sorry to have been the unwitting occasion of anyone's making so serious a critical blunder. HOMER E. WOODBRIDGE. Colorado Springs, June 18, 1917. MR. DREISER AND “Celestina." (To the Editor of The Dial.) May I ask for space in your columns to thank Mr. Louis How for so courteously calling my at- tention (in THE DIAL of May 31) to the old Spanish dramatic novel “Celestina,” which he thinks offers a parallel to Mr. Dreiser's device of shifting the scene from speech to speech in his plays. In a review of Mr. Dreiser's plays I had rashly remarked that, so far as I knew, this de- vice was new even in closet drama. In the face of Solomon and his successors (among whom Mr. How will surely forgive me for ranking him) it is always highly indiscreet to say that anything is new. When I made the remark, I was not think- ing of mediæval drama, in which various places were represented simultaneously on the stage; I was thinking of modern drama, of which Mr. Dreiser's plays are very interesting examples. If Mr. How wished to attack my obiter dictum on the ground that mediæval dramatists seem to use something like Mr. Dreiser's device, he might have found much better examples than “Celestina.” For, in the first place, it is perhaps worth noting that the classification of "Celestina" is doubtful. The balance of authority, so far as I can discover, seems to favor classifying it as a novel rather than as a 1917] 29 THE DIAL BRIEFS OX NEW BOOKS peace, the bewildered abandonment of all that was familiar, the calm acceptance of the unrealities of PICTURES OF WAR WORK IN ENGLAND. By war, the unconscious adjustments. This is the Joseph Pennell. Lippincott; $1.50. record of a spiritual development, and it is by far Mr. Pennell may always be counted upon to the most impressive, the most poignant which this lay his finger upon the significant aspects of what- reviewer has yet found in the mass of war litera- ever he chooses as subject for his pencil. Where ture. It is a volume to be read and reread, and most artists have the "seeing eye” only for the always to be kept near at hand. decorative, Mr. Pennell's sense of selection is of a different order; with him beauty and human ac- INSIDE THE GERMAN EMPIRE. By Herbero tivity are interdependent, and of recent years he Bayard Swope. Century; $2. has never given us an impression of beauty as the No reader of this excellent book will be sur- artist in him sees it, without also giving us a prised to know that it has been given the $1000 very powerful comment on life as the caustic-witted Pulitzer Prize for the best piece of reporting done philosopher in him sees it. In the present volume during the year. Mr. Swope is more than a good of drawings he has laid his finger upon the one reporter. He has performed a statesmanlike serv- outstanding feature of the present war-its indus- ice in putting before American readers a fair- trial ramifications. Looking over these drawings, minded analysis of the attitude of the German all of which have that feeling of "sociological people toward the outside world in this momentous beauty" which characterizes his work, one be- time. Especially interesting just now is Mr. comes conscious of the absence of human beings. Swope's description of the feeling toward peace. These are drawings of machines, of factories, of He is quite sure that the German people want furnaces, and wherever human beings appear, they peace. He believes that they are tired of war and are grimy dregs scattered like coal dust-entirely ready to forego some of their earlier hopes. He without significance. That is his interpretation does not think, however, that any important class of the present war-a battle of the mechanical in Germany would accept peace on ignominious Genii which have been evolved by human ingenuity, terms; and he therefore concludes that few be- now become our masters—and destroyers. This lieve it will soon come. For instance, the Ger- interpretation is borne out by the brusque words mans to a man are determined to oppose the commenting upon each drawing. There is much cession of Alsace-Lorraine to France. Regarding in this volume which it would be well for every Belgium there is a divided opinion, but Mr. Swope American to ponder. believes that the majority of enlightened Germans favors the reëstablishment of the neighbor king- AN UNCENSORED Diary. By Ernesta Drinker dom. Bullitt. Doubleday, Page; $1.25. In this connection, it is a little surprising to JOURNAL OF SMALL THINGS. By Helen Mac- find Mr. Swope declaring that Germans do not Kay. Duffield; $1.35. underestimate the danger of their position, that Two diaries of the war recently published, both they realize that if the war is carried to the end, by women, suggest many ideas concerning the art they must lose. Their main hope, he says, lies in of the diarist, particularly the attitude of the two possibilities—first, in the defection of Russia, writer toward his record. The first of these and second, in the liberalizing of the German Em- diaries, “An Uncensored Diary,” is intended to be pire. The first is the more pleasing prospect to no more than an objective account of incidents, Germans. (This was before the Russian Revolu- persons, and impressions, written with a definite tion.) They have an interesting theory that public in mind. As a piece of journalistic record Russia may be drawn away from the Entente, and it is interesting. The second diary, Helen Mac- with Japan, who is supposed to hate America, join kay's “Journal of Small Things,” possesses the Germany against the coming Anglo-American alli- subtle charm of the diary in its highest form. ance. Mr. Swope himself, however, seems more Something of the intimate mood inspiring this interested in the liberal movement already under record is expressed in the opening lines: “I have way among thinking Germans. The main objec- so strange a feeling, a sense of its being the end tion to its potency as a peace factor, he thinks, is of things. The end of—I don't know what. I the belief among Germans that it would appear want to make note of things, not of the great to be forced upon them by a victorious enemy. things that are happening, but of the little things. They are therefore careful to state that the change I want to feel especially all the little everyday dear is to come after the war. Mr. Swope feels safe in accustomed things, to take hold of the moods of saying, however, that the movement for a respon- them, and gather up their memories, to be put away and kept, and turned back to always after- sible popular government may gain ascendency be- ward." It is easy to see, and remember, the big fore peace arrives. things; it is not until it is too late that we realize One is tempted to quote freely from such a that the small details, the seemingly unessential, book. It is better, however, to recommend it were the significant and precious things of bygone heartily to the reader. It covers much more days. In these pages one follows the changes since ground than this review has touched, and it gives 1914—the first spectral rumors that penetrated the Americans a view of the German people, which old chateau, the futile attempts to discredit the in vision, lack of bias, and kindly feeling could reports, the clinging to the old, secure serenity of hardly be surpassed. 30 [June 28 THE DIAL BEETHOVEN. By Romain Rolland. Trans- is well written, although there is an occasional in- lated by A. Eaglefield Hull. Holt; $1.50. exact statement. It would be truer, for example, When M. Rolland writes of music or musicians, to say of the papal Non Expedit that Pius X made one expects a treat; and with Beethoven as a sub- provision for occasional suspension of the decree ject to inspire, one expects a great treat. After rather than that he "withdrew it." arousing such anticipations, the present volume is rather a disappointment; of its 244 pages only The Public DEFENDER. By Mayer C. Gold- 54 are given to M. Rolland's sketch of the com- man. Putnam; $1. poser's life. As a character study it is far from One of the many points at which we have satisfying, containing nothing new in fact or inter- awakened to the inadequacy of our historic in- pretation. The rest of the book seems like too stitutions reveals itself in the growing conscious- evident an attempt to fill up space, good as part of ness of the need for reform of our criminal laws. the material is. The most interesting section is an Their roots lie far back in mediæval history, and analysis of Beethoven's symphonies, sonatas, and there has been too little overhauling of them in string quartets, the work of Dr. Hull. The chief recent times to meet the growing needs of our value of the book is as an introduction to the study complex social, economic , and political life. One of Beethoven, and in this respect the copy of his of the more promising attacks upon the problem will, a selection of his letters, a bibliography, and of criminal procedure within the last few years has the complete list of his compositions are useful. been the growing demand for a public defender, whose duties would be complementary to those of GREATER ITALY. By William Kay Wallace. the public prosecutor. That the old system of Scribner; $2.50. leaving the defendant to depend wholly upon paid Events of a decade preceding the world war or assigned counsel is unfair to those with limited pointed to Italy as the European nation whose means is made quite clear by Mr. Goldman. ambition ran most frankly in the direction of ter- Equally well does he make his point that, con- ritorial expansion; and it was primarily to gain trary to the opinion of some enthusiasts, the public territory that the kingdom, after long wavering, prosecutor is not in a position to perform ade- broke with its allies and entered the present con- quately the functions of attorney for the prosecu- flict. In his “Greater Italy” Mr. Wallace traces tion and for the defence. Besides the benefits which the Italian expansionist movement from its mid- should accrue to the defendant from the services of century beginnings to the year 1917, and in doing the public defender, there are also some conspic- so he describes the forces working to produce the uous civic advantages. Mr. Goldman calls attention original unification of the country and sketches especially to the fact that chicanery and manu- the whole sweep of Italian political history since factured defences will be decreased. Unfair dis- the rise of Cavour. The Italy which the world crimination would be eliminated through having best knows is the Italy of intellect, of art, of re- the state officially concerned in the defence; there ligion, of literature, of romance. Mr. Wallace would be less likelihood of cases dragging out in- portrays the Italy of politics, of diplomacy, of war, definitely on technicalities. At the same time in- of realism. His task has been attempted before, vestigation of evidence should be facilitated, trial with much success by King and Okey and by Un- expenses decreased, the morale of the courts im- derwood. But the developments of the past two proved, and popular respect for our machinery of years afford excellent opportunity to paint the pic- justice increased. Mr. Goldman writes his book ture afresh and on a larger canvas. For Italy's as a partisan of the movement. In fact, this mon- part in the present struggle, the author finds pe- ograph came out of his practical labors on com- culiar historical justification. The Italians, in his mittees and in other publicity efforts on behalf of opinion, are the people who "blazed the trail of the movement. A valuable feature of the book is national, racial unity, and set the world thinking an appendix giving the chronology of the movement along the lines of nationality"; and the European in this country and setting forth the most impor- war “is a struggle for the preservation of this tant facts regarding its present employment. principle." Italy's own immediate object is to gain for herself the Trentino, Trieste, and every re- The French REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEON. maining part of Italia irredenta, so that she may By Charles Downer Hazen. Holt; $2.50. attain a fulness of national and racial unity which In this volume Professor Hazen has brought to- the events of 1859-66 denied her. This is not gether, "for the convenience of those who may materialism or sordid aggrandizement. It is not wish to review this memorable and instructive pe- merely square miles of land, larger resources, more riod,” the chapters dealing with it in his “Modern material for armies, and more taxpayers that the European History," a book recently prepared for kingdom is fighting for; she is fighting for the use in college classes. For general readers whose right of the large Italian populations on her bor- interest in history has been stimulated by the ders to become again a part of their own people, Great War, no period of the past is better worth and for equivalent rights for Poles and Serbs and attention. The revolutionary and Napoleonic wars every broken and divided people of Europe. Mr. not only offer many striking analogies with the Wallace has spent some time with the troops on present conflict, but they furnish the necessary the various Italian fronts, and he describes in lucid starting point, unless one is prepared to begin with and restrained manner the difficulties and triumphs the Roman Empire, for any historical explanation of the operations against the Austrians. His book of the present situation. From 1793 to 1815, 1 1 1 1 1 1917] 31 THE DIAL 1 a France was almost constantly at war with one or NOTES FOR BIBLIOPHILES more of the European states. When invaded, France professed to be fighting for independence; (Inquiries or contributions to this department should be ad. dressed to John E. Robinson, the Editor, who will be when success carried her arms abroad, she often pleased to render to readers such services as are possible.) announced herself the predestined bearer of a superior civilization to backward peoples. The al- A very rare Charles Dickens item was sold re- lied monarchies of Europe, on the other hand, con- cently by Scott & O'Shaughnessy at the Collectors' ceiving themselves defending the cause of law and Club, 30 East 42nd Street, New York. It was order and the rights of nations, small and great, the "Public Life of Mr. Tulrumble, once Mayor professed their intentions to continue the struggle of Mudfog, and Oliver Twist, or The Parish until they had obtained adequate guarantees for Boy's Progress, By Boz,” sexto decimo, original the future, until they had destroyed, not France pink wrappers, uncut, as issued, New York, pub- or the French people indeed, but the intolerable lished by C. Lohman, 1837. It is not generally menace of the French revolutionary spirit. For known that the "Public Life of Mr. Tulrumble" Americans, this conflict derives an added signifi- was reprinted in separate form in New York cance from the fact that for twenty years the shortly after its appearance in “Bentley's Miscel- United States, endeavoring at once to maintain her lany," the pamphlet containing also the first two neutrality and to protect her rights, suffered every chapters of "Oliver Twist,” as they appeared in humiliation, resorted to every measure short of the February number of the “Miscellany.” Both war, and at last, in 1812, waged with England the "Mr. Tulrumble” and the two chapters of “Oliver war sometimes called the second war of indepen- Twist" appeared later as the initial articles of a dence. two volume “Collection of Tales and Sketches If the period presents many analogies with the from Bentley's Miscellany and The Library of present, the differences were also striking. The Fiction," published by Carey, Lea, and Blanchard United States was then a weak and divided nation in Philadelphia. This is one of the earliest of just entering upon the great experiment in democ- Dickens's publications in America. The publisher racy. The civilization which France was endeavor- introduces his author to the American public with ing alternately to defend and to impose on Europe the following interesting comment on the back was inspired, in theory if not always in practice, wrapper: “There is much genuine humor and much by the democratic ideals of Liberty, Equality, and real fun in the productions of Boz. If they keep Fraternity; while the Allied Powers proved in the up to their present level they will, in conclusion, end to be the champions of dynasties rather than of assume a high place in the ranks of comic litera- nations and of autocracy rather than of law. The ture.” The item was knocked down to George political history of Europe in the nineteenth cen- D. Smith for $160. tury issues directly from that great conflict, and At the same sale Gabriel Weis paid $346 for centres in the irreconcilable opposition between lib- "The Annals of Sporting and Fancy Gazette,” Lon- eralism and reaction. Suffering many reverses, don, 1822-28, illustrated with a large number of the forces of liberalism and democracy triumphed finely colored and plain plates by Alken, Cruik- in the main; so that to-day France, still faithful shank, Landseer, Herring, Egerton, and other to her ancient faith, stands forth the heroic artists, including Cruikshank's colored engraving champion of established ideas; and the better part of “The Prize Fight at Five Courts.” “Notions," of Europe, joined at last by the United States, has with thirty-six full-page colored plates by Alken, oblong folio, London, 1831-33, was bought on rallied about her for the suppression of Prussian- order for $145. "Memoirs of the Life of the late ism, the last stronghold of reaction and the forces John Mytton," by C. J. Apperley, with eighteen of unreason. colored plates by_Alken and Rawlins, London, The great conflict of a century ago, so similar 1835, went to E. P. Dutton & Co., for $100. It in some respects, yet so different in others, from is the second edition containing six more plates the present conflict, Professor Hazen has por- than the first edition. "The Life of a Sportsman," trayed with admirable skill. It may be that he has by Apperley, London, 1842, first edition, with thirty- not fully appreciated the emotional and religious six colored plates by Alken, was knocked down to spirit of eighteenth century thought, that ideal of James F. Drake for $225. "Analysis of the Hunt- civic virtue, the ideal precisely of Fraternité, which ing Field,” by R. S. Surtees, first edition, London, inspired in part at least the anti-Christian movement 1846, with colored title, six colored plates and of 1793. It may be that more space might well forty-three cuts, all by Alken, was bought on order have been given to the constructive work of the for $145. First editions of the “Three Tours of Revolution and of Napoleon, although these have Doctor Syntax," London, 1812-20, by William by no means been ignored. But on the whole the Combe, with colored plates by Thomas Rowland- son, also were bought on order for $132.50. The period is presented in excellent perspective; the three volumes are in binding by Riviere. “The great facts stand out clearly and in proper rela- Life of Napoleon,” by William Combe, London, tion. And the story is told in a way that carries 1815, with thirty brilliantly colored engravings by the reader along with unflagging interest, in a George Cruikshank, first edition, went to Little, style distinguished by clarity, movement, and a cer- Brown & Co., of Boston, for $172.50. Inserted tain individual quality. You feel that the book was a letter of the author to Prince Hoare, reading was written by somebody. in part as follows: > 32 [June 28 THE DIAL No excuse of any kind or sort or in any form or of Waterloo, went to G. S. Hellman for $110. shape will be taken. You must be here on Mon- Mr. Weis gave $175 for “The Eventful Life of day evening at seven. I am in a very peremptory Napoleon Bonaparte, Late Emperor of the French," moment and you will disobey at your peril. The Marquis de Negro will be with us, and exclusive of four volumes, London, 1828. This is a rare issue the pleasure, which his almost miraculous exhibition of W. H. Ireland's book, in which he disguises will give you, I am very anxious that some English his identity under the pseudonym of “Baron Karlo gentleman of classical authority like yourself, and Excellmanns.” It varies widely from the issue with your perfect knowledge of the Italian language, usually met with, having an entirely different set should hear, judge and report of him. of plates and changes in the text. Charles Scrib- The rare original edition of William Mudford's ner's Sons paid $310 for Ireland's "Napoleon," with “Historical Account of the Campaign in the Neth- twenty-four colored plates by George Cruikshank, erlands in 1815," printed in London in 1817 and and the rare Cumberland vignette titles, four vol- in binding by Sangorski and Sutcliffe, was obtained umes, London, 1823-28, in binding by Walters. by Gabriel Weis for $133. It is embellished with First editions of William Combe's “English twenty-seven colored plates descriptive of the coun- Dance of Death” and “Dance of Life,” with colored try between Brussels and Charleroi from drawings plates by Thomas Rowlandson, were bought by made on the spot by James Rouse. It includes Mr. Weis for $140. James F. Drake paid $116 three plates, one of the Battle of Waterloo by for “Cicero's Cato Major, or his Discourse of Old George Cruikshank, plans of the battle, and a map Age," Philadelphia, printed and sold by Benjamin showing the march of the allied armies to Paris, Franklin, 1744, in binding by Stikeman. It is the with a colored emblematic title-page by Cruik- earliest issue. The translation was made by Judge shank. Mr. Garth paid $200 for "Somebody's James Logan of Philadelphia, though the introduc- Luggage,” fifty-four leaves, extracted from “House- tory note is by Franklin himself. Typographically hold Words” and “All the Year Round," with this work is generally considered Franklin's master- manuscript corrections, deletions, and additions in piece. Charles Dickens's handwriting. This was the copy Henry E. Huntington, George D. Smith, James which was sent to the United States and from F. Drake, Lathrop C. Harper, and other rare-book which the American edition of “Somebody's Lug- collectors are interested in the sale at Sotheby's gage” was printed. beginning July 11, of the sixth portion of the fa- The first issue of the first edition of Pierce mous library of the late Henry Huth. It takes in Egan's “Life in London,” 1821, in binding by Bed- items under the letters N to P and will be the ford, was knocked down to Gabriel Weis for $190. thirty-fourth to thirty-ninth day's sale of this val- It has thirty-six colored plates designed and etched uable collection. Among the items is "Nychodemus by Isaac R. and George Cruikshank, numerous Gospell," printed by Wynkyn de Worde in London woodcuts by the same artists, and pages of en- in 1511, the second known edition. No other copy graved music. A special feature of the volume is appears in auction records. The "Office of the the inclusion of all the original wrappers and ad- Virgin Mary," printed on vellum, Lugdunum, vertisements, this copy being bound from the or- 1499, is rare, only three copies being known. iginal parts. A first edition of the same author's “Opera Nova," printed at Venice about 1520, is a "Real Life in London,” two volumes, entirely un- veritable block book, the whole of the text being cut, 1821-22, went to T. J. Gannon for $155. It engraved on wood. It is the only known work of has thirty-three colored plates by Alken, Rowland- the kind printed in Italy, and it is remarkable that son, Dighton, Brooke, and others. It contains the it should have appeared at so late a date. It is an two extra plates, "Catching a Charley Napping" imitation of the “Biblia Panperum.” “The hon- and “St. George's Day," which are generally want- orable, pleasant and rare conceited Historie of ing, also the leaf, "A Word to the Wise," adver- Palmendos,” translated from the French by An- tising the forthcoming “Real Life in Ireland.” Mr. thony Munday, London, 1589, is the first edition. Weis paid $380 for Egan's “Finish to the Ad- It is dedicated to Sir Francis Drake in twelve Latin ventures of Tom, Jerry and Logic,” first edition, verses. The only other known copy was that in London, 1830, in binding by Bedford. It has Heber's catalogue and it was damaged. The pres- thirty-six colored plates by Robert Cruikshank and ent is a fine copy in binding by Bedford. numerous designs on wood by him. J. Partridge's "Opus Reformatum, or a Treatise The original manuscript in French of a portion of Astrology," 1693, is the copy mentioned by of Napoleon Bonaparte's own memoirs, dictated to Lowndes as bound by Roger Payne. Inside the General Gaspard Gourgaud at St. Helena, eleven cover is his curious bill for the work, amounting pages folio, was bought by Mr. Weis for $160. It to sixteen shillings, for washing, sizing, mending, describes Napoleon's arrival in France from Egypt, and binding. Extremely rare is “A Treatyse called and the inauguration of the “Consuls Provisoires,' Pervula” printed in black letter by Wynkyn de Napoleon's first move toward an absolute dictator- Worde about 1509. The woodcut of a master and ship. This manuscript was presented by General scholars is on the title. “Peniteas Cito," printed by Gourgaud to his friend, John Jackson, of Ham- Wynkyn de Worde about 1510, appears to be quite burg, Germany, at whose death it passed to his undescribed by bibliographers. "De Opere Varie," brother James Jackson. Three topographical field of Francesco de Petrarca, is a manuscript of the maps, delineating in detail the northern part of fifteenth century of Italian execution, written on France and a portion of Belgium, actually used by 190 leaves of vellum with numerous painted and Napoleon on his last campaign and at the Battle illuminated initials. “I Trionfi,” by Petrarch, is 3) 1917] 33 THE DIAL a a a manuscript on vellum of the end of the fifteenth Stuart Walker has added Padraic Colum's play century, with six miniatures by an artist of the "Mogu the Wanderer" to the Portmanteau reper- Florentine school. “A Petite Pallace of Pettie his tory for autumn production. The play was one of pleasure,” London, about 1576, is very rare. It is the Spring publications of Messrs. Little, Brown a collection of twelve novels by George Pettie. & Co. The only other copies of this impression known are The J. B. Lippincott Co. will publish shortly the in the British Museum, formerly Jolley's, and in second edition of “The Fundamentals of Naval the Bodleian among Malone's books. William Service," by Commander Yates Sterling, U. S. N. Petty's "Hiberniae Delineatio," 1685, is a fine Major Lincoln C. Andrews's “Fundamentals of specimen of English binding of the seventeenth Military Service" will appear in the fifth edition century, probably by S. Mearne. about the same time. “Lo innamoramento et la morte di Piramo et A new publishing house, the Liberty Publishing Tisbe," printed in Florence in the fifteenth century, Association, 110 West 40th Street, N. Y., an- is in binding by Bauzonnet-Trautz and comes from nounces its first publication “Sainte Séductre,” by the Yemeniz collection. “Pontificale” (missal) is a Exile X, a story of Belgian deportation camps with richly illuminated manuscript on vellum of Franco- an introduction discussing at length the German Flemish execution in the fifteenth century. It is National Ego. written in large Gothic letters on 156 leaves. July publications of Messrs. Frederick A. Stokes “Portalano” is a manuscript on vellum of the six- Co. will include: “The Living Present," by Gertrude teenth century, consisting of ten beautifully exe- cuted illuminated maps, comprising the world as Atherton; “The Advanced Montessori Method,” by Maria Montessori, Two Volumes, Vol. I., then known. Another “Portalano" is an illum- "Spontaneous Activity in Education"; Vol. 2, “The inated manuscript on twenty double sheets of vel- Montessori Elementary Material.” lum, forming an atlas of the whole world as known William Watson, whose volume of poems “The at the end of the sixteenth century or beginning of Man Who Saw and Other Poems Arising Out of the seventeenth. It includes the discoveries in the War” was recently published by Lane, was America. It came from the library of the arch- made a knight by King George in his annual birth- bishop of Toledo. The arms of Portugal and day honor list. Spain are emblazoned on each map. “Preces Piae" Alfred Knopf announces that the first volume of is a manuscript on vellum of the early sixteenth the "Journal” of Leo Tolstoy to appear in English century of French or Flemish execution. "Psalter- will be published at an early date. It will cover ium Davidis” is a manuscript on vellum of Ger- the four years from 1895 to 1899. man execution of the fourteenth century. Mr. F. S. Hoppin, of Duffield & Co., has sailed for France where he will be associated with Red Cross work. NOTES AND NEWS Those who have enjoyed Ian Hay's sparkling humor-and penetrating good sense—will look for- Of the contributors to the present issue, Norman ward to a new book entitled “The Oppressed Eng- Foerster is associate professor of English at the lish,” which Houghton Mifflin will publish July 2. University of North Carolina. This volume concerns Home Rule in Ireland as Claude Bragdon is a Buffalo architect. He is viewed by a Scot. the author of “Projective Ornament" and many Mr. Huebsch reports that James Joyce's two pamphlets and magazine articles on architectural books, "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" subjects. and "Dubliners," have gone into a second printing. Odell Shepard is a lecturer on poetry at Har- The first edition of “The Portrait of the Artist vard. A collection of his poems, "A Lonely Flute," as a Young Man” is already commanding a pre- was recently issued by Houghton Mifflin. mium among collectors because of the unusual fact B. I. Kinne is an instructor in Romance Lan- that the Irish writer's book appeared first in Amer- guages at the University of Wisconsin. ica and subsequently in London. Samuel N. Harper, of the Department of Rus- William S. Culbertson, the biographer of “Alex- sian Language and Institutions at the University ander Hamilton" (Yale University Press), has of Chicago, is a son of the late President Harper. been appointed by President Wilson a member of He is returning to Russia to make a first-hand the Tariff Commission to investigate tariff rela- study of present conditions. tions, commercial treaties, etc., between the United States and foreign countries. “Inside the British Isles," by Arthur Gleason Following the former custom of The Dial, (Century), has been placed on the list of books there will be but one issue during the month of purchased for crew's libraries in the United States July, that of July 19th. "Aircraft and Submarines," by Willis J. Abbot, Miss Evelyn Dewey, co-author with her father, is announced for early publication by Putnam's. Professor John Dewey of Columbia University, of Messrs. D. Appleton & Co. announce that Edith "Schools of Tomorrow,” is preparing a book which Wharton's new novel “Summer" will be published will be published next fall by E. P. Dutton & Co., June 29. The story concerns a village librarian in which she will describe in detail the work and who longs for romance and finds it. the achievements of a woman teacher who, through Navy. 1 34 (June 28 THE DIAL TULISHTHS IKSILLERS MCLURO BOOKSELLERO GLURORINO MAAN TE the medium of the district school, has regenerated a down-at-the-heel countryside and made it into an alert and thriving community. The Columbia University Trustees announced at the Commencement exercises the awards of the Pulitzer Prizes in Journalism and Literature. The prize of $2000 for the best book of the year on the history of the United States was awarded to J. J. Jusserand, the French_Ambassador, for “With Americans of Past and Present Days” (Scribner). The prize of $1000 for the best example of a re- porter's work during the year was awarded to Herbert Bayard Swope, of the New York “World," for his articles recently collected and published by the Century Co. under the title “Inside the German “I visited with a natural rapture the Empire.” The prize of $1000 for the best Amer- ican biography teaching patriotic and unselfish ser- largest bookstore in the world." vice was awarded to Laura E. Richards and Maude Howe Elliott, daughters of Julia Ward Howe, for See the chapter on Chicago, page 43, “Your the biography of their mother, "Julia Ward Howe" United States," by Arnold Bennett (Houghton Mifflin). The prize of $500 for the It is recognized throughout the country best editorial article written during the year was awarded to Frank H. Simonds, of the New York that we earned this reputation because we “Tribune,” for an editorial written on the first an- have on hand at all times a more complete niversary of the sinking of the Lusitania. assortment of the books of all publishers than It is proposed to observe the centenary of Jane can be found on the shelves of any other book- Austen's death, which falls on July 18th this year, dealer in the entire United States. It is of by the erection of a tablet on Chawton Cottage, interest and importance to all bookbuyers to near Alton, Hants, recording the fact that the authoress lived there from 1809 to 1817, and that know that the books reviewed and advertised it was from this house all her works were sent in this magazine can be procured from us with out into the world. The tablet will be executed the least possible delay. We invite you to by Mr. Evelyn Simmons after a design by Miss E. visit our store when in Chicago, to avail your- G. Hill, which comprises decorations taken from objects connected with her life. The committee self of the opportunity of looking over the having the memorial fund in charge consists of: books in which you are most interested, or to The Earl of Iddesleigh, Lord Latymer, Sir Fred- call upon us at any time to look after your eric Pollock, Bt., Sir Robert Hudson, Sir Wm. book wants. Robertson Nicoll, The Dean of Norwich, Clarence Graff, W. D. Howells, W. J. Locke, and C, K. Shorter. It is suggested that those wishing to con- Special Library Service tribute send subscriptions of one dollar to Miss Constance Hill, author of "Jane Austen and Her We conduct a department devoted entirely Friends," at Grove Cottage, Frognal, Hampstead, to the interests of Public Libraries, Schools, London N. W. 3, or to John Lane, The Bodley Head, Vigo Street, London, W. 1, or to Mr. Jef- Colleges and Universities. Our Library De- ferson Jones, John Lane Co., 116 West 32nd partment has made a careful study of library Street, New York. requirements, and is equipped to handle all Messrs. Longmans, Green, & Co. announce library orders with accuracy, efficiency and for early publication the following volumes: “The despatch. This department's long experience First Violations of International Law by Ger- in this special branch of the book business, many," by Louis Renault, translated by Frank combined with our unsurpassed book stock, Carr; “English Farming, Past and Present," by enable us to offer a library service not excelled Rowland E. Prothero, M. P., President of the elsewhere. We solicit correspondence from Board of Agriculture; “Woman's Effort," by A Librarians unacquainted with our facilities. E. Metcalfe, with an introduction by Laurence Housman and seven cartoons from “Punch”; “The Work of St. Optatus, Bishop of Milevis, Against A. C. McCLURG & CO. CO. ” R. Vassall-Phillips; "Ordered Liberty or an English- Retail Store, 218 to 224 South Wabash Avenue man's Belief in His Church,” by A. S. Duncan- Library Department and Wholesale Offices: Jones; "Peace and War,” by the Rev. Paul B. 330 to 352 East Ohio Street Bull. George W. Jacobs & Co. announce the publica- Chicago tion on June 30 of a volume by Edmund H. Ree- man entitled “Do We Need a New Idea of God?” 1917] 35 THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS [The following list, containing 106 titles, includes books received by The Dial since its last issue.] PUTNAMS.SI BOOKS ThePutnam Bookstore 2west 45 St.5"Aved Book Buyers BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. Russian Memories. By Madame Olga Novikoff. Illustrated, 10mo, 310 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $3.50. Franklin Spencer Spalding. By John Howard Me- lish. 8vo, 297 pages. The Macmillan Co. $2.25. Walt Whitman: Yesterday and Today. By Henry Eduard Legler. 12mo, 71 pages. Brothers of the Book. Chicago. $2. Algernon Chas. Swinburne. By Mrs. Disney Leith. Illustrated, 12mo, 262 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $2. Lively Recollections. By John Shearme. Illus- trated, 12mo, 320 pages. John Lane Co. $1.50. Some Personal Recollections of Dr. Janeway. By James Bayard Clark. 12mo, 36 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1. Doing My Bit for Ireland. By Margaret Skinni- der. 12mo, 251 pages. The Century Co. $1. who cannot get satisfactory local service, are urged to establish relations with our bookstore. We handle every kind of book, wherever published. Questions about literary matters answered promptly. We have customers in nearly every part of the globe. Safe delivery guaranteed to any address. Our bookselling experience extends over 80 years. BOOKS, AUTOGRAPHS, PRINTS. Catalogues Free. R. ATKINSON, 97 Sunderland Road, Forest Hill, LONDON, ENG. Autograph Letters of Famous People Bought and Sold.-Send lists of what you have. WALTER R. BENJAMIN, 225 Fifth Ave., N. Y. City Publisher of THE COLLECTOR: A Magazine for Autograph Collectors. $1. – Sample free. ESSAYS. Personality. By Rabindranath Tagore. Illustrated, 12mo, 220 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.35. My Mother and I. By E. G. Stern. 12mo, 169 pages. Macmillan Co. $1. World Builders All. By E. A. Burroughs. 16mo, 99 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. 75 cts. Pebbles on the Shore. By Alpha of the Plow. Way- farers Library. With frontispiece, 16mo, 255 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. 50 cts. POETRY AND DRAMA. The Complete Poems of Edgar Allan Poe. Revised and definitive edition. Edited by J. H. Whitty. Illustrated, 12mo, 346 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $2.25. The Case Is Altered. By Ben Jonson. Edited by William Edward Selin. 12mo, 220 pages. Yale University Press. Paper. $2. Mon Ami Pierrot. Compiled by Kendall Banning. 12mo, 82 pages. Brothers of the Book. Chicago. $2. Saga Plays. By Frank Betts. 12mo, 101 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.25. The Eternal Crusade. By William Pegram. 12mo, 192 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1.40. The Man Who Saw, and Other Poems. By William Watson. 12mo, 90 pages. Harper & Bros. $1. Billie Boy and I. By Will P. Snyder. 12mo, 90 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1. Poems. By Ralph Hodgson. 12mo, 64 pages. The Macmillan Co. 75 cts. The Concert, and Other Studies. By R. D. Jameson. 12mo, 95 pages. Wisconsin Literary Magazine, Madison. Paper. Minna von Barnhelm. By Gotthold Ephraim Less- ing. Translated by Otto Heller. 12mo, 152 pages. Henry Holt & Co. If you want first editions, limited edi. tions, association books-books of any kind, in fact, address : DOWNING, Box 1336, Boston Mass. For Summer Reading and genuine bargains in books worth owning, send for a copy of our annual Summer Cata- logue-just issued. We will be glad to mail a copy FREE to any address. 385 Washington opp. Franklin St. Boston BOOK BARGAINS FICTION. The Banks of Colne. By Eden Phillpotts. 12mo, 343 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.50. The Lady With the Dog, and Other Stories. By Anton Chekhov. Translated from the Russian by Constance Garnett. 12mo, 300 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.50. The Bracelet of Garnets and other stories. By Alexander Kuprin. With frontispiece, 12mo, 266 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. $1.35. The Second Odd Number. By Guy de Maupassant. Translated by Charles Henry White. 12mo, 246 pages. Harper & Brothers. $1.25. The Lovers. By Elizabeth Robins Pennell. 16mo, 171 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1. Young Low. By George A. Dorsey. 12mo, 377 pages. Geo. H. Doran Co. $1.50. Those Times and These. By Irvin S. Cobb. 12mo, 374 pages. Geo. H. Doran Co. $1.35. Kleath. By Madge Macbeth. Illustrated, 12mo, 386 pages. Small, Maynard & Co. $1.35. My Country. By George Rothwell Brown. Illus- trated, 12mo, 360 pages. Small, Maynard & Co. $1.35. Pilgrims Into Folly. By Wallace Irwin. 12mo, 342 pages. Geo. H. Doran Co. $1.35. Our Remainder Department has just issued a new catalogue describing hundreds of books, all new and in perfect condition, which we sell at prices far below pub- lishers' list price. Send for it it is FREE THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO. Wholesale Dealers in the Books of All Publishers 354 Fourth Ave. NEW YORK At 26th Street - 36 [June 28 THE DIAL Theatre Arts Magazine A New Illustrated Quarterly is the recognized organ of the progressive and insurgent forces in the American theatre. It is indispensable for the theatre artist and for the playgoer who is awake artistically and intel- lectually. The following contributions to the November, February and May issues indicate the magazine's scope: WALTER PRICHARD EATON on Acting and the New Stagecraft ZONA GALE on The Wisconsin Players RUTH ST. DENIS on The Dance as an Art Form MARY AUSTIN on A New Medium for Poetic Drama H. K. MODERWELL on The Art of Robert E. Jones CLOYD HEAD on The Chicago Little Theatre Edited by Sheldon Cheney These three issues contain 45 pages of illus- trations of stage art. There are no pictures of popular actresses or meaningless scenes from current plays. $1.50 per year. Sample copies 50c (on approval, if desired). 1 THEATRE ARTS MAGAZINE ARTS AND CRAFTS THEATRE 25 Watson Street Detroit, Michigan 1 1 Fairhope. By Edgar DeWitt Jones. With frontis- piece, 12mo, 212 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.25. Rimrock Jones. By Dane Coolidge. Illustrated, 12mo, 311 pages. W. J. Watt & Co. $1.35. Red Roses. By Joyce Thomas. 12mo, 284 pages. Henry Altemus Co. $1.50. Eve, Junior. By Reginald Heber Patterson. Il- lustrated, 12mo, 347 pages. The Macaulay Co. $1.25. The Girl by the Roadside. By Varick Vanardy. Illustrated, 12mo, 314 pages. The Macaulay Co. $1.35. A Love Tangle. By F. E. Penny. 12mo, 311 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. Stories of the Occult. By Dan A. Stitzer. 12mo, 216 pages. Richard G. Badger. $1.25. The Dark Star. By Robert W. Chambers. Illus- trated, 12mo, 421 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50. McAllister's Grove. By Marion Hill. With frontis- piece, 12mo, 318 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.40. Out of a Clear sky. By Maria Thompson Daviess. With frontispiece, 12mo, 156 pages. Harper & Brothers. $1. The Hummingbird. By Owen Johnson. Illustrated, 12mo, 86 pages. Little, Brown & Co. 75 cts. PUBLIC AFFAIRS, SOCIOLOGY, ECONOMICS AND POLITICS. The Value of Money. By B. M. Anderson, Jr. 12mo, 610 pages. The Macmillan Co. $2.25. Are We Capable of Self-Government. By Frank W. Noxon. 12mo, 329 pages. Harper & Bros. $1.50. France. Her People and Her Spirit. By Laurence Jerrold. 12mo, 398 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50. A Seasonal Industry. By Mary Van Kleeck. Il- lustrated, 12mo, 276 pages. Russell Sage Foun- dation. $1.50. An Introduction to Political Philosophy. By H. P. Farrell. 12mo, 220 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. $1.25. The Soul of Ulster. By Ernest W. Hamilton. 12mo, 188 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.25. The City Worker's World. By Mary Kingsbury Simkhovitch. 12mo, 235 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.25. Competition. By John Harvey, Malcolm Spencer, J. St. G. C. Heath, William Temple, and H. G. Wood. 12mo, 232 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.25. The Russian Revolution. By Isaac Don Levine. 12mo, 280 pages. Harper & Bros. $1. The Problem of the Unemployed. By Rev. W. S. Williams. 12mo, 106 pages. Richard G. Bad- ger. $1. EDUCATION. A History of Williams College. By Leverett Wil- son Spring. Illustrated, 8vo, 342 pages. Hough- ton Mifflin Co. $3. The Teaching of English in the Secondary School. By Charles Swain Thomas. 12mo, 365 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.60. Higher Education and the War. By John Burnet. 12mo, 238 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.50. English Composition. By Chester Noyes Greenough and Frank Wilson Cheney Hersey. Illustrated, 12mo, 379 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.40. The Rural School from Within. By Marion Kirk- patrick. 12mo, 303 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.28. Experiments in Educational Psychology. By Daniel Starch. 12mo, 204 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1. Cornell Studies in Classical Philology. Edited by Charles Edwin Bennett and George Prentice Bristol. Gaius Verres; an historical study. By Frank Hewitt Cowles. 8vo, 207 pages. Long- mans, Green, & Co. The Beginner's Worker and Work. By Frederica Beard. Illustrated, 12mo, 169 pages. The Ab- ingdon Press. 75 cts. PSYCHOLOGY. The Psychoanalytic Method. By Dr. Oskar Pfister. Translated by Charles Rockwell Payne. 8vo, 588 pages. Moffat, Yard & Co. $4. Mental Adjustments. By Frederick Lyman Wells. 12mo, 331 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $2.50. Psychical Investigations. By J. Arthur Hill. 12mo, 303 pages. Geo. H. Doran Co. $2. The Law and the Word, By T. Troward. 12mo, 208 pages. Robt. McBride & Co. $1.50. 1 Those Whom The War Hits Hardest according to the British Relief Society, are the families of professional men. These include the families of the men of arts and letters. Usually well-born, accustomed to advantages of human civilization, they frequently find them- selves in want, when the head of the house is summoned to the colors or killed in action. The Authors' League Fund cares for such cases. The interests of these innocent sufferers are more closely allied to yours than any others. Will you send a contribution for their Relief? GERTRUDE ATHERTON, President The Authors' League Fund 33 West 42nd Street NEW YORK, N. Y. -- - -- 1917] 37 THE DIAL THE YALE REVIEW Edited by WILBUR CROSS JULY LVX) et verITAS 1917 Pro Patria. A Poem . Charlton M. Lewis The Task before the Country Medili McCormick Congress and the War Charles Merz Is there a Future for Belgium ? Emile Cammaerts Tutoring the Philippines . Charles H. Brent Lloyd George and his Government H. W. Massingham The Doubting Pacifist Vida D. Scudder Earth. A Poem John Hall Wheelock Back to Nature Henry Seidel Canby Mexico. A Poem . Grace Hazard Conkling A New View of De Morgan Wilson Follett Why Women Cannot Compose Music George Trumbull Ladd America's Meat Arthur Fisher Why We Get on So Slowly Ernest C. Moore The Russian Revolution . . Alexander Petrunkewitch Book Reviews NATURE AND OUTDOOR LIFE. Your National Parks. By Enos A. Mills. Illus- trated, 10mo, 532 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $2.50. The Culture and Diseases of the Sweet Pea. By J. J. Taubenhaus. Illustrated, 12mo, 232 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2. 1000 Hints on Flowers and Birds. By Mae Savell Croy. 12mo, 359 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50. Woodcraft for Women. By Kathrene G. Pinker- ton. 16mo, 174 pages. Outing Publishing Co. 80 cts. Touring Aloot. By C. P. Fordyce. 16mo, 167 pages. Outing Publishing Co. 80 cts. WAR BOOKS. The Marne Campaign. By Major F. E. Whitton. With maps. 10mo, 311 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $4. Germany, the Next Republic By Carl W. Acker- man. Illustrated, 12mo, 292 pages. Geo. H. Doran Co. $1.50. Mr. Pollu. By Herbert Ward. Illustrated, 8vo, 158 pages. Geo. H. Doran Co. $2.50. Over the Top. By Arthur Guy Empey. Illus- trated, 12mo, 315 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $1.50. America and the Great War for Humanity and Freedom. 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For literature, read Mr. Fol- lett's “De Morgan," or Mr. Canby's "Back to Nature"; for education, "Why We Get on So Slowly"; for surprising information, "Why Women Cannot Compose Music"'; for poetry, Mrs. Conkling's "Mexico," Mr. Wheelock's “Earth," or the “Pro Patria" of Charlton M. Lewis, which opens the July number of The Yale Review. SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY OFFER The July number free, with a year's subscription at $2.50 to begin in October. THE YALE REVIEW, New Haven, Conn. For the enclosed $2.50 you may send me THE YALE REVIEW for one year, beginning Octo- ber, 1917, and the July issue free. Name Address DIAL 38 [June 28 THE DIAL F. M. HOLLY Authors' and Publishers' Ropresentativo 156 Fifth Avenue, New York (Established 1905) LATES AND FULL INFORMATION WILL BB SENT ON REQUEST THE NEW YORK BUREAU OF REVISION Thirty-seventh Year. LETTERS OF CRITICISM, EXPERT REVISION OF MSS. Advice as to publication. Address DR. TITUS M. 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CHAPMAN'S BOOKSTORE, 190 Peel St. BRENTANO'S, F and Twelfth Sts. FOSTER BROWN CO., LTD. WOODWARD & LOTHROP, 10th and F Sts., N. W. 1917] 39 THE DIAL “Hello Huck!” 10U Real-For goodness rate, stop laughing aloud over that book ECALL that golden day when you first read "Huck Finn"? How your mother You sound so silly.”. But you couldn't stop laughing. Today when you read "Huckleberry Finn” you will not laugh so much. You will chuckle often, but you will also want to weep. The deep humanity of it—the pathos, that you never saw, as a boy, will appeal to you now. You were too busy laughing to notice the limpid purity of the master's style. MARK TWAIN TWAIN MARM When Mark Twain first wrote "Huckleberry Finn" this land was swept with a gale of laughter. When he wrote “The Innocents Abroad" even Europe laughed at it itself. But one day, there appeared a new book from his pen, 80 spiritual, so true, so lofty, that those who not know him well were amazed. "Joan of Arc", was the work of a poet – a historian-a seer. Mark Twain was all of these. His was not the light laughter of a moment's fun, but the whimsical humor that made the tragedy of life more bearable. 25 VOLUMES Novels-Stories-Humor Essays-Travel - History This is Mark Twain's own set. This is the set he wanted in the home of each of those who love him. Because he asked it, Harpers have worked to make a perfect set at half price. Before the war we had a contract price for paper so we could sell this set of Mark Twain at half price. The Price Goes Up Send the Coupon Without Money TWAL MARK WAIN MARK A Real American Mark Twain was a steamboat pilot. He was a searcher for gold in the far west. He was a printer. He worked bitterly hard. All this without a glimmer of the great destiny that lay before him. Then, with the opening of the great wide West, his genius bloomed. His fame spread through the nation. It flew to the ends of the earth, until his work was translated into strange tongues. From then on, the path of fame lay straight to the high places. At the height of his fame he lost all his money. He was heavily in debt, but though 60 years old, he started afresh and paid every cent. It was the last heroic touch that drew him close to he hearts of his countrymen. The world has asked is there an American literature? Mark Twain is the answer. He is the heart, the spirit of America. From his poor and struggling boyhood to his glorious, splendid old age, he remained as simple, as democratic as the plainest of our forefathers. He was, of all Americans, the most Ameri- can. Free in soul, and dreaming of high things-brave in the face of trouble and al- ways ready to laugh. That was Mark Twain. NIVALI MARK MARK The last of the edition is in sight. The price of paper has gone up. There never again will be any more Mark Twain at the present price. Get the 25 volumes now, while you can. HARPER & Every American has got to BROTHERS have a set of Mark Twain in his home. Get yours Franklin Square now and save money. New York Send me, all Your children charges prepaid, want Mark Twain. Mark Twain's works You want him. in 25 volumes, illus- Send this cou- trated, bound in hand- some green cloth, stamped pon today, in gold, gold tops and untrimmed edges. If not sat- you are isfactory, I will return them at looking your expense. Otherwise I will at it. send you $1.00 within 5 days and $2.00 a month for 12 months, thus getting the benefit of your half-price sale. DIAL now, while Name. Address.. HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. 40 (June 28, 1917 THE DIAL Cheer the Boys in Camp with the Books they Need and will Enjoy THE LOVERS FUNDAMENTALS OF MILITARY SERVICE a One of the Rarest War Romances in Literature - a Transcript from Real Life By ELIZABETH ROBINS PENNELL Frontispiece by Joseph Pennell. $1.00 net. This exquisite love-story is a transcription from real life-told in large measure "in the let- ters written from France by the artist-soldier to his wife, letters that are splendidly and movingly typical of the chivalry and courage which actuated those who rushed to the colors," says the BOSTON TRANSCRIPT. The artist's young wife aided Mrs. Pennell in securing the facts. How and why are a part of the wonderful story-a true story-one of the rarest war romances in literature. THE SOLDIERS' ENGLISH AND FRENCH CONVERSATION BOOK 30 cents net. For the man going to the front this handy pocket edition will be invaluable. It contains hundreds of useful sentences and words enabling the soldier to converse with the French and Belgian allies, with correct pronunciation of each word. It is also a splendid book for any one who wishes to gain a handy working knowledge of French phrases in daily use. WAR MAJOR GENERAL LEONARD WOOD says: "Every one of our young men who is By PIERRE LOTI physically fit ought to receive an adequate Translated by Marjorie Laurie $1.25 net amount of military training, and this little The prevailing note of the book is genuine hand-book is one which each and every one and tender sympathy with the victims of should read.” German barbarity. He describes, in simple Men Who Want to Become Officers Are but touching words, his encounters with Reading wounded soldiers, Sisters of Mercy, and homeless Belgian orphans. But even under Pierre Loti's mask of artistic restraint one can recognize the wrathful and contemptu- ous bitterness that fills the soul of every Frenchman when he thinks of the things By CAPT. L. C. ANDREWS, U.S.C. that have been done in the name of war. Who Has Trained Thousands at Plattsburg. 428 Pages. Illustrated, $1.50 net. A Great Novel Fits the Pocket. Used as text at Training Camps, en- dorsed and authorized in the Printed An- nouncements of the War College. This is the book which gives real survey of the By SIDNEY L. NYBURG whole service. A book of instruction, a text Three Printings. $1.40 net. on leadership and inspiration. "This brilliant piece of work," to quote the “New York World,” was selected as one of the “outstanding novels of the season" by H. W. Boynton in the "New York Nation." The "Boston Transcript" described it as "A novel of exceptional quality." Rabbi Joseph By COMMANDER YATES STIRLING, Rauch, of Louisville, wrote: "This novel U.S.N. places Mr. Nyburg in the class with Zang- 580 Pages. Illustrated. Price, $2.00 net. will as a true portrayer of Jewish life.” Fits the Pocket. Prepared for the civilian who considers THE SNARE entering the Navy and the non-commissioned officer who desires advancement, this book By RAPHAEL SABATINI reveals as does none other the training and Net $1.25. work of a Navy man. It is as complete a An intensely interesting tale of love, war hand-book as could be presented upon the and adventure in the time of Wellington. practice and theory of all matters pertaining The scene of his most famous campaign fur- to the Navy. nishes the brilliant fabric of the story. Great events and personages form the back- ground. INFANTRY GUIDE Arranged by MAJOR JAMES K. PARSONS, U.S.I. Profusely Illustrated. 2100 Pages. By GEORGE WESTON Octavo. $6.00 net. Seven Illustrations. $1.00 net. This volume for officers and non-commis- Mary Meacham is one of the season's most sioned officers of all the armies of the United popular heiresses. What she does with her States contains an actual reprint of all the. $50,000 and three unusual tests for men material referring to Infantry contained in makes one of the most amusing stories pub- those 24 Government volumes which must lished this year. Its success was instanta- now be studied by men training for officer- neous and justly so, as it is one of those de- ship and be continually referred to by the lightful stories which can be recommended regular officer in the field. It is an absolute to every member of the family. compendium of Infantry information. THE CHOSEN PEOPLE FUNDAMENTALS OF NAVAL SERVICE COMPLETE U. S. OH, MARY, BE CAREFUL! J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, Publishers PRESS OF THE BLAKELY-OSWALD PRINTING CO., CHICAGO. V Sociol THE DIAL A FORTNIGHTLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information Founded by FRANCIS F. BROWNE Volume LXIII. No. 746. CHICAGO, JULY 19, 1917 15 cts. a copy. $3. a year. Lend Me Your Name! A summer idyll with a decidely humorous turn, based upon the adventures of an earl and a burglar who change places. The story begins and ends on Fifth Avenue, but most of it is laid in a cool green spot appropriately called the “Forest of Arden.” There are girls in the story, of course, -one girl in particular- The author is Francis Perry Elliott, who has become rather well known because of his “Pals First” and “Haunted Pajamas.” His talent for the farcical is among the finest in this country. In Lend Me Your Name! Mr. Elliott has frankly adorned a tale rather than pointed a moral. It is not as deep as some literary wells, but it is refreshing. And it is distinctly A book for the hammock. Illustrated; $1.25 net A Heap o' Livin' Kenny The Cruise ... Dry Dock By Edgar A. Guest By T. S. Stribling A collection of “songs of A novel of New York A brave, sturdy tale with the soil,” homely, vigorous, studio life and of the the sea in it, and mystery, woods and hills and riv- direct. Much of the verse ers and stars; gay, debon- and action, and a fight is humorous, some is air characters and silently against big odds. It is an touched with pathos, not a courageous deeds. adventure story, with the little is inspiring. And all By Leona Dalrymple, appeal of life-stark, raw who wrote Diane of the of it is typically American. Green Van and The Love life. With four wonder- "It's the kind that you clip able Meddler. fully spirited illustrations from the papers.” Cloth, Ready August 8. in color by Herbert Mor- $1.25. Leather, $2.50 net. Illustrated, $1.35 net. ton Stoops. $1.25 net. ܙܙ ME REILLYI & BRITTON.CO. CHICAGO PUBLISHERS 42 [July 19 THE DIAL The METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART Fifth Avenue and 82d Street, New York PUBLICATIONS Catalogue of a Loan Exhibition of Paintings, by Winslow Homer. N. Y., 1911. XXV, 53 p. front. 8vo..... $0.25 Catalogue of an Exhibition of Colonial Por. traits. N. Y., 1911. x, 70 p. pl. 8vo... $0.25 Handbook of the Benjamin Altman Collec- tion. N. Y., 1914. XV, 153[1] p. il. 8vo..... $0.50 The Hudson-Fulton Celebration. Catalogue of an Exhibition held in the Museum. N. Y., 1909. Contents: Vol. I. Dutch Paintings, XVII Century. Vol. II. American Paintings, Furniture, etc., XVII and XVIII Centuries. 2v, 11. 8vo... $10.00 Same, without illustrations. .80 Catalogue of an Exhibition of Silver used in New York, New Jersey, and the South. A note on Early New York Silversmiths, by R. T. Haines Halsey. . N. Y., 1911. xxxvi, 85 p. 11. pl. 8vo.... .$0.26 Handbook of Arms and Armor, European and Oriental, by Bashford Dean. N. Y., 1916. xvi, 161[1] p. pl. 8vo..... $0.50 Notes on Arms and Armor, by Bashford Dean. N. Y., 1916. viii, 149[1] p. 11. pl. 8vo.... $1.00 The Murch Collection of Egyptian Antiqui- ties. N. Y., 1916. 28 p. il. pl. 8vo.... . $0.10 A Handbook of the Egyptian Rooms. N. Y., 1916. [xxii], 176 p. II. pl. 8vo..... $0.25 The Stela of Menthu-weser, by Caroline L. Ransom. N. Y., 1913. 39[1] p. il. 8vo..... $0.50 The Tomb of Perneb. N. Y., 1916. [xii), 79(1) p. 11. pl. 8vo.... $0.10 The Tomb of Senebtisi at Lisht, by Arthur C. Mace and Herbert E. Winlock. N. Y., 1916. xxll, 134(1) p. 11. front. photogravures and colored plates. 4to. In paper . $ 8.00 In boards 10.00 Handbook of the Cesnola Collection of An- tiquities from Cyprus, by John L. Myres, Wykeham Professor of Ancient History, Oxford. N. Y., 1913. lv, 596 p. il. pl. 8vo..... .$2.00 Greek Coins and their parent Cities, by John Les Points de France, by Ernest Lefébure; tr. by Margaret Taylor Johnston. N. Y., 1912. 92 p. il. pl. 8vo.... $2.00 N. Y., Catalogue of the Collection of Casts. 1910. Ed. 2, corr. and rev. xxxiv, 383 p. 33 pl. 8vo. In paper In boards $0.50 .76 Ward. Lond., 1902. XXXVI, 468 p. il. pl. 4to...... .$6.00 The Room of Ancient Glass. N. Y., 1916. 23 p. 11. ..$0.10 Catalogue of Greek, Roman and Etruscan Bronzes, by Gisela M. A. Richter. N. Y., 1915. xli, 491 p. il. pl. 8vo.... $5.00 Cuneiform Texts; ed. and tr. by Alfred B. Moldenke, Ph.D. N. Y., 1893. xx, 136 p. 4to..... .$1.00 A Catalogue of the Collection of Persian Manuscripts. Ed. by A. V. W. Jackson and Abraham Yohannan. N. Y., 1914. xxiv, 187 p. il. 8vo. $1.50 Catalogue of an Exhibition of Early Chinese Pottery and Sculpture, by S. C. Bosch Reitz. N. Y., 1916. xxvii, 139[1] p. pl. 8vo..... $0.50 Collections Georges Hoentschel; notices de André Pératé et Gaston Brière. Paris, 1908. 4 vols., 268 pl. (partly colored). F..... $100.00 Catalogue of Romanesque, Gothic, and Ren- aissance Sculpture, by Joseph Breck. N. Y., 1913. xix, 272[1] p. 76 11. 8vo. In paper . $1.00 In boards 1.50 Catalogue of the Works of Augustus Saint- Gaudens. N. Y., 1908. iv, 82 p. 8vo. $0.25 Catalogue of Paintings, by Bryson Bur- roughs. 1916. xiii, 356 p. 32 pl. plan. 8vo.. .$0.25 Paintings in Oil and Pastel, by James A. McNeill Whistler. Loan collection. N. Y., 1910. XXV, 44 p. por. 8vo. $0.25 Tentative Lists of objects desirable for collection of casts, intended to illustrate the history of plastic art. N. Y., 1891. xi, 121 p. 8vo.... $6.00 A History of The Metropolitan Museum of Art with a chapter on The Early Institu- tions of Art in New York, by Winifred E. Howe. N. Y., 1913. xvi, 361 p. por. pl. facsim. 8vo....... . $2.50 Bulletin of The Metropolitan Museum of Art. N. Y., 1905-date. il. pl. 8vo. Published monthly. Ten cents a number; subscription price . . $1.00 N. Y., Art Museums and Schools. Four lectures by G. Stanley Hall, Kenyon Cox, Stockton Axson, and Oliver S. Tonks. N. Y., Charles Scribner's Sons, 1913. V, 144 p. 8vo.... . $1.00 Art Education; an Investigation of the Training Available in New York City for Artists and Artisans. N. Y., 1916. x, 46 p. 8vo.... .$0.10 When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. 1917] 43 THE DIAL THE JOYFUL YEARS By F. T. WAWN Net $1.50 A romance of real human life. Just a love story, in fact, but ne done by a master hand. Humor, beauty, and gladness, these are the keynotes of this simple and exquisite story of the making of a boy and girl into a man and woman presented with such subtle art that it appears artless. The background is principally laid in the wild and legend-haunted scenery of Northern Cornwall, the country of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. HELEN OF FOUR GATES By an EX-MILL-GIRL. Net $1.50 The author of this extraordinary “first book” is referred to in England as one of the most remarkable writers of recent years. Manchester Guardian: “The book is a remarkable one and distinctly original. There is also real beauty, real poetry. Helen is a creation.' THE MASTER OF THE HILLS By SARAH JOHNSON COCKE. Author of "By- Paths in Dixie.' Net $1.50 In this sincere story of the adventures of two generations of Georgia folk the author interprets these unknown and misunderstood Americans of the mountains to their fellow-countrymen. THE ROYAL OUTLAW By CHARLES B. HUDSON. Net $1.50 A wonderful tale of fighting men laid in the time of King David. A vivid story full of local color and of absorbing interest. Not since "Ben Hur" has such a novel appeared. BEHIND THE THICKET By W. E. B. HENDERSON. Net $1.50 A book of vivid imagination, power, and extraor- dinary originality. New York Herald: “The reading public has gained a new novelist of no small ability and one who is destined to go far in the field of fiction.' EL SUPREMO By EDWARD LUCAS WHITE. Net $1.90 The most highly-praised novel published in years. The Philaäelphia Press : “Found that to open this book is to walk into a picturesque civilization which to all but a few scholars is practically unknown," and that "to read it to the end is to enjoy a historical romance of striking merit." THE WAVE By ALGERNON BLACKWOOD. Author of "Julius Le Vallon." Net $1.50 The Boston Transcript says: "Never before has Mr. Blackwood written a novel that comes so close to the real things in life as 'The Wave.' With a skill that is extraordinary he tells a story that is of absorbing psychological interest." GRAIL FIRE By ZEPHINE HUMPHREY. Net $1.50 Boston Post says: “It is a tale of spiritual ad- venture. A story that challenges comparison from a standpoint of excellence in writing with almost any American novel of many months." THE PURPLE LAND By W. H. HUDSON. Author of "Idle Days in Patagonia." Introduced by THEODORE ROOSEVELT. Net $1.50 JAMES M. BARRIE says: "It is one of the choicest things of our latter-day literature." IDLE DAYS IN PATAGONIA The late Prof. WILLIAM JAMES, of Harvard, gives high praise to this particular book, and says of the author, "A man who can write." Net $1.50 SEEN AND HEARD By MARY and JANE FINDLATER. Net $1.50 New York Herald: "The book is a 'war book,' but the crash of cannon and the cry of the wounded are in the far background. Few volumes that are so good have come out of Scotland in a generation; none that is better." EREWHON By SAMUEL BUTLER. Author of "The Way of All Flesh." Introduction by FRANCIS HACKETT. The finest satire since Swift's "Gulliver's Travels.' Net $1.50 Under the guise of describing the habits and cus- toms of a strange race found in the mountains of New Zealand the author flays the shams and in- consistencies of our latter-day civilization. THE GOLDEN ARROW By MARY WEBB. Net $1.50 Boston Advertiser: "A story of a lovely mountain glen on the border of Wales. The author has caught the very substance of the quaint atmosphere of this far-away country and given it to us in a way we shall not forget." GONE TO EARTH By MARY WEBB. Net $1.50 The author of "The Golden Arrow" showed in her first book a most unusual understanding and sym- pathy with the folk of the remote countryside whose lives are lived close to the soil and bounded by the crops, the weather, and the herds. In "Gone to Earth," her new story, the same stage is get, but the author shows a growing power- her characters are more concentrated, the fierce love and elemental jealousy that glow somberly and finally break into flame, are drawn with poignant intensity, while the sudden touches of humor are as quaint and incalculable as human nature itself. Published August 1 A SOLDIER'S BOOK ABOUT HIS COMRADES A STUDENT IN ARMS By DONALD HANKEY-A War Hero Net $1.50 The Argonaut—“The best the war has produced.” Bellman—“One of the most forceful and genuine books inspired by the world's conflict." Baltimore Sun—"Bursting with things we all want to know." Just Published-Second Series of Donald Hankey's "A Student in Arms." More of Donald Hankey's beautiful work, with interesting details of the author's life. 6 POSTAGE EXTRA. AT ALL BOOKSTORES E. P. DUTTON & COMPANY, 681 Fifth Ave., New York When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. 44 [July 19 THE DIAL FIVE VALUABLE BOOKS Geometrical Lectures of Isaac Barrow Translated and annotated, with proofs, by J. M. CHILD "Isaac Barrow was the first inventor of the Infinitesimal Calculus.” With a consideration of Barrow's predecessors and his advance upon their work. $1.00 net Diderot's Early Philosophical Works Translated and edited by MARGARET JOURDAIN Containing among others the famous Philosophic Thoughts which were burned by the Parliament of Paris. Portraits of Diderot and Saunderson. $1.25 net Collected Logical Works of George Boole Volume 2. The Laws of Thought An exact reproduction of the 1854 original, with the addition of an Index. $3.50 net The Contingency of the Laws of Nature By EMILE BOUTROUX. Translated by FRED ROTHWELL An authorized translation of the famous Sorbonne thesis that in 1874 advanced the modern conception of the aim of philosophy, to replace a philosophy essentially con- ceptual by one that is living and is moulded on reality. $1.50 net A Modern Job By ETIENNE GIRAN Mr. Giran's Job is a citizen of his own adopted coun- try, Holland, who realizes that the essence of religion is an heroic struggle to win from fact its ultimate secret of hope. $0.75 THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING COMPANY 122 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill. When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. THE DIAL VOLUME LXIII No. 746 JULY 19, 1917 . . . . . . • CONTENTS RUSSIAN LITERATURE: The QUEST FOR Life's MEANING Louis S. Friedland. 47 The POETRY OF Ralph HODGSON John Gould Fletcher 50 THE MIND OF ENGLAND AT WAR Harold J. Laski 53 A PROTEAN MUSE. Conrad Aiken 55 THE STRUGGLE FOR South American TRADE Frederic Austin Ogg 57 THE VITALITY OF THOREAU William B. Cairns. 59 FEDERALISTS AND REPUBLICANS William E. Dodd 60 THE DRAMATIST OF PSYCHO-ANALYSIS Williams Haynes . .63 THE SPANKING OF TRANSCENDENTALIST EGOTISM . H. M. Kallen 64 REDISCOVERY AND ROMANCE : Gilbert Vivian Seides 65 BRIEFS ON New Books. 68 The Ruhleben Prison Camp.-Germany in Defeat.-The Brontës and their Circle. - The Joyous Art of Gardening.–Should Students Study ?—The Tomb of Seneb- tisi at Lisht.—The Life and Letters of Christopher Pearse Cranch.-Jesus, the Christ, in the Light of Psychology.-The Beginnings of Porcelain in China.- Texas the Marvellous.-Principles of Money and Banking.–Principles of Amer- ican State Administration. A Second Book of Operas.—Egyptian Records of Travel in Western Asia.—The Return to Faith.-Social Environment. NOTES ON New FICTION 73 Peter Sanders, Retired.—April Folly.—Bab, A Sub-Deb.—The Derelict.—The Cinema Murder.—The Man in Evening Clothes.-Kleath.—Enchantment.—Dom- inie Dean.-Bindweed.—The Second Odd Number.—Where Runs the River ? When the Sun Stood Still.-McAllister's Grove.—Lend Me Your Name! CASUAL COMMENT : 75 COMMUNICATIONS 77 NOTES FOR BIBLIOPHILES. John E. Robinson 79 NOTES AND News 82 LIST OF NEW BOOKS 85 LIST OF SHOPS WHERE THE DIAL IS ON SALE. 87 GEORGE BERNARD DONLIN, Editor TRAVIS HOKE, Associate Contributing Editors CONRAD AIKEN PADRAIC COLUM ЈонN MACY THEODORE STANTON RANDOLPH BOURNE HENRY B. FULLER JOHN E. ROBINSON WILLIAM ASPENWALL BRADLEY H. M. KALLEN J. C. SQUIRE THE DIAL (founded in 1880 by Francis F. Browne) is published fortnightly, twenty-four times a year. Yearly subscription $3.00 in advance, in the United States, Canada and Mexico. For- eign subscriptions $3.50 per year. Entered as Second-class matter Oct. 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Published by The Dial Publishing Company, Martyn Johnson, President; Willard C. Kitchel, Secretary-Treasurer, at 608 South Dearborn Street, Chicago. 46 (July 19, 1917 THE DIAL THE BEST BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING New novels by Alice Brown, Ernest Poole, St. John G. Ervine, and Jack London; Mr. H. G. Wells' New Book; Sir Rabindranath Tagore's Reminiscences and a Collection of the “New Poetry.” NOW READY Alice Brown's New Novel BROMLEY NEIGHBORHOOD By the Author of "The Prisoner," etc. A prominent critic says of Miss Brown's new novel: “In execution and literary ability I venture to place this alongside Mr. Poole's ‘His Family' and to rank these together as far the best American novels of the year.” $1.50 CHANGING WINDS St. John G. Ervine's New Novel. “Worthy to take a place with 'Mr. Britling.' An absorbingly interesting novel.”—N. Y. Times. $1.60 GOD, THE INVISIBLE KING H. G. Wells' New Book. If you've read "Mr. Britling"-as, of course, you have ! - you'll find the same nobility of spirit in this new Wells book. It's the religion of Mr. Britling. “It shows Mr. Wells at his best.”— N. Y. Times. $1.25 MY REMINISCENCES Sir Rabindranath Tagore's Story of His Life. “His book takes us into his very bosom. and thus we acquire such an under- standing and ability to appreciate his writ- ings as could be got in no other way."- N. Y. Tribune. Ill. $1.50. Leather, $2.00 JERRY OF THE ISLANDS Jack London's New Dog Story. You know what a new dog story by Jack London means. Remember “The Call of the Wild”? Jerry is another dog hero whose adventures are equally thrilling and amusing. $1.50 THE EMPTY HOUSE Written anonymously, this new novel tells the frank story of one woman's experience in marriage, and how her refusal to have children reacted on her life and tempera- $1.40 THE NEW POETRY You haven't time to read ALL the new poe- try, but here's an anthology of the very best work of practically all the modern poets. Harriet Monroe and Alice C. Henderson edit the volume. $1.75 ment. Ernest Poole's New Novel HIS FAMILY By the Author of "The Harbor" “The greatest story this spring. Great in its grasp of life, great in its masterful handling, great in the sincerity of its purpose. One of the best things we have read in a long time."- Philadelphia Ledger. $1.50 Watch for this new Novel by a new writer CHRISTINE By Alice Cholomondely Ready July 25 THE MACMILLAN COMPANY, Publishers, New York When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. THE DIAL A Fortnightly Journal of Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information. Russian Literature: The Quest for Life's Meaning to From the early years of the nineteenth tions, under the inspiration of a passion century, Russian literature has been an in- for the ideal—for moral perfection, intel- strument barometric in its responsiveness lectual clarity, spiritual freedom. But they to the political and social conditions of the never sought to codify life, to reduce it to country. It came to close grips with the dialectical schemes. The feeling of won- facts of life. The writers of Russia's der and reverence for reality was too deep "golden age": Turgenev, Dostoevsky, " to make them merely thinkers; they were, Tolstoy, and the lesser men who wrote first of all, artists bent upon the recreation before the eighties of the last century of life. were not idle singers in a dreamy Nirvana. With the death of Dostoevsky and Tur- Theirs was a robust consciousness, an genev, and with Tolstoy's tragic renuncia- awakened social conscience that laid heavy tion of art, the period of intense literary responsibilities and exacting duties upon effort came to an end. Almost synchro- them. They had to advance the frontiers nously, an event occurred in the political of civilization, to deal telling blows for life of the nation which exercised a pro- the freedom of man, arouse and found influence upon literature: Alexander strengthen the powers of the spirit for the of the spirit for the II was assassinated. “Gentlemen, rise, the stern battle against the hordes of dark- Government is coming back," said a noted ness. Truth, Freedom, Humanity, Beauty publicist, Katkov, and the prophecy ush- were the altars they erected for the wor- ered in a time of dark reaction when the ship of men. They had not sallied forth intellectual energies of the nation were in- on a light and joyous adventure. Clear- creasingly absorbed in the bitter struggle eyed, sober, in a mood of tremendous for political freedom. The outlook for earnestness, they set out on their great literature was as bleak as a sudden autumn voyage of discovery. The adventure took day near the end of an exuberant summer. them to the farthest reaches of the illimit. In Russian literature the period of the able plain of life, and they wandered on, eighties is one of grey, unrelieved hope- impelled by a great spiritual yearning and lessness. The time seemed like a great, unrest. There could be no boundaries, for fallow field strewn with dead hopes. The an ever-elusive ideal broke the spell of trust in the people, the ardent wish to momentary revelations of reality, and awaken them from stagnation had proved beckoned them on to far horizons and dis- a dream and a failure. It is Chekhov who tant goals, forever unattainable. Vica. best reflects the sombre mood of the time. rious salvations, provisional salving of the All its grey monotony is in his stories, conscience could not content these uncom- the wistful longings and the nervelessness promising spirits who, with hands out. of the intelligentsia, and their depressing stretched for a great faith and with hearts sense of the emptiness and the insipidity of eager for the purgation of the salient things; the stale, tinsel culture of the truths of life, were embarked on the search towns, and the hushed, dreary vacuity of for final meanings. With rare intuition provincial life. It is under the spell of this they knew that the light to illuminate the spirit in Chekhov that Leon Shestov, the way could come only from the comprehen- well-known critic, calls him "the creator sion of the nature of man,—not man dis- from the void.” Chekhov's works form guised by romantic pretension or ascetic one long poem—the poem of rainy renunciation, but man as he really is, in weather. And yet, though Chekhov never his true self and his naked essence. They attempts to solve life's riddles, with what revolted against accidentals and limita- wondrous reverence and finesse does he 48 (July 19 THE DIAL present the bare facts of life! With a lied o'er with the pale cast of thought." rare power of lifting the threadbare and They now began to worship action, force, the commonplace to the high plane of art, personality, that compelling strength of Chekhov pays homage to life in the very character which projects ideas and deference of his artistic reticence. thoughts into the outer reality of deeds. For a time the relentless quest for the Gorky uttered the hope of an awakened meaning of life halted, while art under- age when he said, “All of a man's life may went a chilling bath in anti-æsthetic the- be consumed in the doing of one deed, but ories. New tendencies were abroad. An that deed must be beautiful, splendid, alien ideology was being assimilated by the free!” Here is a stern summoning to bat- eager intellectuals of Russia—Western tle, a buoyant, robust challenge to life in ideas and theorizings: positivist, socialis- the very call to spend life's gathered forces tic, communistic. The intelligentsia swore in heroic service. For a brief space the allegiance to the doctrines of Marxian so- morbid spirit of self-flagellation vanished, cialism and economic determinism, and and the world was conceived as a vast fervently discussed hectic problems of battlefield, sometimes as a clash between Freedom and Necessity. Art was held in the fit and the unfit, between the classes of the leash of social values. It was not set society, sometimes as a tragic encounter of free until man felt the impulse to a new the individual with the elemental forces of liberty, the striving upward toward the nature, and again as a conflict between the ultimate perfection of the individual, powers of good and evil in man and in the toward the release of instincts and the outer universe. And what of the new sup- liberation of self. Dostoevsky had lis- . erman who, in the first ecstasy of his in- tened, terrified, to the first rumblings of carnation, had appeared so invincible? the great_revolt against all that he held Gorky, reawakened to a social conscious- sacred. To him the revolutionary move- ness, soon tempers the first proud assertion ment in Russia appeared to be inspired by of individuality, and wishes to bind the men who, in seeking God, were denying new-born superman in the firm rivets of Christ. But the first assertion of the rights human duties. And the strong men of of the individual filled him with a great Andreyev, at the very moment of their dread. He feared that the new force, ris- sternest defiance of the unknown, are ing in Diabolonian protest from an abyss overcome by the feeling of their real weak- of accumulated wrath and vengeance, ness; they become solitary, terrified crea- would hurl down everything traditional, tures whirled about in a maelstrom of and, like Savva in Andreyev's play, would grim and mysterious forces. wish to wreck the solid structure of the The new ideas served but to bring Past. His mind pictured to itself the tre- back the thirst for the quest of life's mean- mendous menace of menace of individuality: all ing. all ing. In a great creation called “The bonds rent asunder, all things holy cut Book of Life," the Russian sculptor down, a thirst for blood and destruction, Biegass represents a huge, passionless fig- deep cynicism and boundless disbelief. ure with its enormous fists pressed against And in the terrified imagining of all this the Book of Life, wherein is inscribed all evil, he sought to stem the tide by throwing that man wishes to know. The knowledge broadcast into life texts from the Scrip- would make man great and happy, but the tures and bits of Slavophile formulas, like expressionless face of the monster shows a priest sprinkling holy water over a sin- that the hands will never be lifted and ning multitude. He called upon man to that man will forever remain ignorant of draw within himself, to develop spiritual what the book contains. One thinks of power and attain inner mastery. the modern writers of Russia as men strug. But the new yearning for the power and gling to wrest the monster's hands from the glory of the liberated individual was the Book of Life, now in a passion of not to be denied. Too long had the intel- high resolve, now in the dread intensity lectuals of Russia been like “living of terror before death. Always the agon- corpses,” will-less, rudderless men, "sick- izing weight of the perplexity of life's 1 L 1 1 1 1917] 49 THE DIAL problems. Some seek release in thoughts art. For a brief time, in the months pre- of an eternal death that blots out every- ceding the Revolution of 1905, the new thing; a few put their faith in an eternal writers were plunged again into the life beyond death. But for the most part, troubled stream of political and social con- these restless spirits have a deep-rooted flicts. The gospel of the folk returned instinct for life and a keen zest in the per- and the social conscience was stirred to re- ception of reality. Together with a rap- newed activity. It was in response to the turous, lyrical impulse to organize the spirit of the revolutionary turmoil that a outer world after the ideal pattern of literary magazine, "Novy Put” (The New Beauty, they have the stern obligation to Way), founded in 1903 by Madame scan crude reality, bitter, misshapen, de. Merezhovsky, was rechristened, toward formed. The outcome is a tragic clash the close of 1904, “Voprosy Zhizni” between emotions of joy and horror in (Questions of Life). The "accursed the presence of the actual—a clash that problems” came to the forefront once finds its catharsis in irony, now mordant, more, and the modernists, in a mood of now tender and mellow. heroic renunciation, welcomed the onrush Before the outbreak of the present war, of social forces that bade fair to destroy the Russian writers, conventionally called the altars of art they had so recently the "modernists," had no fixed body of erected. erected. Drunk with the new wine of ap- critical doctrine. Their ideas were in a proaching fulfilment, men like Artsybashev state of suspension, still uncrystallized. acclaimed once more the divine rights of Strongly opposed to critical dogmas, their human personality. And the sanctities of only artistic tenet was that art is concerned, convention became stale and paltry at the not with morality, but with beauty; its ap- moment of the ruthless assertion of indi- peal is to the imagination. They asserted vidual freedom. But the high hopes the intrinsic value of literature, and ac- aroused by the revolutionary ferment were claimed its liberation from ethical and soon blighted by the return of bureau- moral chains. Having thrown open the cratic tyranny, and men were again thrown windows of Russia to all the intellectual back upon themselves, to seek liberty in currents of Europe, they eagerly re- the unreal realm of hidden thoughts and sponded to the new art movements of the dreams and aspirations. West. They set out to explore the possi- This repeated baffling of man's desires bilities of their language and ushered in a for himself and for others heightened the poetic revival. The new poems are rich, tragic note in the new literature. tense, and adventurous in spirit and form. of the quest for novel forms, the frequent The poets revelled in sounds and verbal overemphasis and exaggerations, the cru- conjurings, and created hitherto unsus- dities of style, and the large admixture pected harmonies and combinations. The of the baser metal of naturalism, the mod- abstract became alive with a strange ern literature of Russia is not a mere pur- beauty, and in the dim hinterlands of in- suit of the novel and the exotic in theme stinct, in the borderlands of the emotions, and manner. It is a literature born of the explorers came upon_fresh beauties, heavy hearts, of a consciousness of sin fleeting, mystic, ethereal. Reality acquired and bitterness, and a dread obsession of a new elusiveness that could be expressed evil. But with all the prevailing gloom only in hints, subtle half-tones, and shad- and depression, it does not fail to give an owy evocations. The enthusiastic sing. affirmation of life. The modern writers, ers formed groups for the discussion of Andreyev, Kuprin, Sologub, Remizov, questions of style, metre, rhythm; mani. Bunin, and the rest, are still embarked festoes and magazines were issued em- on the quest for truth; theirs is still the bodying the new principles and practice; undying resolve to know life's meaning. and in the artistic unrest, literary schools They are the spiritual heirs of Dostoevsky were generated—symbolists, vorticists, ac- and Tolstoy. Like the former, they ex- meists, futurists. plore the dark corners of the human soul It was all a fiery revolt in the name of and trespass in forbidden realms of the In spite 50 [July 19 THE DIAL unre- subjective and the psychologic. And they 'Tis the groan of the coal and the marshes, have Tolstoy's keen perception of reality, And the groan of the oar, near and far; For I see o'er the boundless steppe rising and something of his dauntless spirit in the Lo! Another America's star. pursuit of the ultimate. In what manner will the annealing be aroused by the contemplation of new The imagination of true artists will ever forces of war shape the literature of Rus- sia ? Unfortunately, not enough of the realities, the release of fresh energies. work written under the stress of moving With the cheerful sense of fulfilment, there events has reached this country to form is for Russian literature the promise of a the bases of sure judgments. But the war healthier, saner perception, and a more stories in the Russian magazines, Artsy- restrained and balanced expression, of bashev's play, “War," the sketches and reality. The writers of Russia do not tales of Alexis N. Tolstoy, Veressayev, have to go afar for teaching or disci- and Chirikov, and especially Andreyev's pline. Their own literary traditions are by "The Burden of War," give promise of a no means sterile or exhausted. Faithful great sobering and spiritual regeneration. to the great masters, the moderns will Perhaps the severe discipline of war will scan eagerly all phases of human activity bring to an end the excesses of pre-bellum and all manifestations of human emotion, "decadence": facile pessimism, dedicated to the high task by their soul's strained symbolism, shoddy individualism, need for truth. They have known a tragic and erotic and neurotic extravagance. The insufficiency, the savor of sin, and the taste war has brought new revelations, trans- of death, and it will not be easy for them formed reality, and made possible the to forget. Louis S. FRIEDLAND. realization of the dream of a century. Russia's mighty autocracy has fallen. How the sudden exhilaration of this event will The Poetry of Ralph Hodgson be reflected in literature we can only sur- mise. Perhaps the best energies of Russia Readers of The Dial are familiar with will be increasingly absorbed in guiding the view, put forward by Mr. Conrad the tremendous social readjustments of the Aiken, that the present-day generation of future. But already it is possible to dis- English poets is superior, at least as re- cern, in their transitional stages, the forces gards distinction of workmanship, to the that will bring to Russian literature a foremost of the Americans. With this saner, richer realism and a surer faith in view most careful readers of poetry will the spiritual and moral instincts of man. probably find themselves in agreement. The effort to solve the great problems that The faults of American poetry at the pres- face the country will help to determine the ent day are the obvious faults of a nation course of the new literature. But it is the which has not yet hammered out for itself release of colossal industrial forces—the a literary tradition, which indeed has not yet created out of its stuff and substance economic awakening—that will lift the documents dark cloud from the spirit of Russian lit- weight and direction to any tradition. If numerous enough to give erature. Russia is now passing through we should set ourselves the task of trying the first stages of this awakening. Towns to read the most important works of the have sprung up, especially in Siberia, poets whose names appear in any fairly around the yawning mouths of mine-pits. exhaustive survey of English poetry (such More and more the new writers of Rus- as, for example, Professor Saintsbury's sia describe, in the manner of our own “History of English Prosody''), we should Bret Harte, the stir of life amid fresh soon find a single lifetime insufficient. But and epic beginnings. A Russian poet, A Russian poet, it is comparatively easy to read through Alexander Blok, has sung of the rise from the work of all the American poets who "the dim underground" of his country's have in any way distinguished themselves. "new Messiah,—the black coal, bride- The question that requires to be asked groom and king": -and it is a question that affects England 1 1 1917] THE DIAL 51 sense a as well as America-is, what relation does This is a very pretty picture—a minia- the present-day poetry of England bear to ture, doubtless, but still a pretty picture. the stream of English tradition and cul- It is when we come to compare it with ture? Are the English poets of the pres- certain works of the past that its deriva- ent day producing anything worthy to be tive nature becomes manifest. The tone mentioned in the same breath with the is of the artificial pastoral with which achievements of Blake, Byron, Words. Herrick has made us familiar. But Her- worth, Coleridge, Keats, Shelley, Tenny- rick is, after all, a minor poet; and there son, Browning, and Swinburne,—to go no is nothing here to match “Bid me to live further than the nineteenth century ? Can and I will live thy Protestant to be," or these poets in any be said to measure "Her eyes the glow-worm lend thee.” The up to the past, or to carry English poetry metre and rhyme scheme recall Milliken's one step further? This question is vitally "Groves of Blarney”. important to the future of our poetry, There's statues gracing which requires a strong English tradition This noble place in, to guide and balance it. And it is equally All heathen gods and important to England, in view of the great Nymphs so fair, Bold Neptune, Plutarch, regeneration of the English race which And Nicodemus, this war is bringing about. All standing naked Among the younger English poets, one In the open air! of the most recently discussed is Mr. In short, there is nothing of Mr. Hodg- Ralph Hodgson. Since he has just brought son himself in these two stanzas but the out in a small volume the fruits of his "cinnamon tall” and that, too, is purely Muse-fruits somewhat difficult to obtain hitherto, since they appeared under the literary: Later on, Mr. Hodgson speaks irritating guise of half a dozen or so of a “cinnamon bee." Apparently, he likes the sound of this word. pamphlets called “chap-books” or “broad- direct sides”—and since Mr. Hodgson is a typi- “The Song of Honour" is a cal example of one tendency in present-day transcription of Christopher Smart's English poetry, we may take him as a con- "Song to David." A single stanza of this venient starting-point. We do so without poem set beside the work of the older disrespect to his elders. Youth must be poet, will bring this out, and also perhaps served, and Mr. Hodgson is yet young. show why the latter is preferable. Of the poems contained in this volume, I heard the universal choir, the ones which have hitherto found most The Sons of Light exalt their Sire With universal song, favor are “Time, You Old Gipsy Man," Earth's lowliest and loudest notes, "Eve," "The Song of Honour," and "The Her million times ten million throats Bull." Of these the first two may be Exalt Him loud and long, bracketed together because of their close And lips and lungs and tongues of Grace similarity in metre and technique. “Eve" From every part and every place is the better. Here are its opening stanzas: Within the shining of His face, The universal throng. Eve, with her basket, was Deep in the bells and grass, That is Hodgson. Wading in bells and grass He sang of God—the mighty source Up to her knees, Of all things—the stupendous force Picking a dish of sweet On which all strength depends; Berries and plums to eat, From whose right arm, beneath whose eyes, Down in the bells and grass All period, power, and enterprise Under the trees. Commences, reigns, and ends. Mute as a mouse in a Tell them, I am, Jehovah said Corner the cobra lay, To Moses; while earth heard in dread, Curled round a bough of the And, smitten to the heart, Cinnamon tall. At once above, beneath, around, Now to get even and All Nature, without voice or sound, Humble proud heaven and Now was the moment or Replied, O LORD, THOU ART. Never at all. This is Smart, writing in 1757! 52 [July 19 THE DIAL With “The Bull” we come upon the in- the Forsaken Indian Woman,” or “The fluence that pervades so much of Mr. Thorn." Let anyone who wishes compare Hodgson's work, as well as the work of these poems with Mr. Hodgson's. so many of the poets of the present day If the reader has followed me this far, in England. Need it be said that I am re- he may now ask what I am seeking to ferring to William Blake? Here is a prove by these parallels. Am I seeking stanza of “The Bull” : to impugn Mr. Hodgson's honesty, or am I merely displaying the extent of my own When the lion left his lair reading? I can only answer that I believe And roared his beauty through the hills, And the vultures picked their quills Mr. Hodgson to be a conscientious, pains- And flew into the middle air, taking writer who believes he is following Then this prince no more to reign the true path; and that I am not a scholar Came to life and lived again. by profession. My aim lies elsewhere. This comes direct from Blake's “Tiger" healthy, the principle of life and growth In every art, as in every nation that is with its lines, must manifest itself. Thus in Greek liter- When the stars threw down their spears ature we get, first of all, the development And watered heaven with their tears; of the epic; then follows the development and in the coloring of the poem there of the lyric; and finally, the combination is more than a hint of Thomas Gordon of the two in a new art-form, the drama. Hake, that remarkable symbolist whose And it is equally possible to take up Eng- lish literature and to show how it has three fine poems, “The Birth of Venus, "The Snake-Charmer," and "Old Souls," grown and altered. Thus in the case of should be, and are not, in every anthology the drama, we get first disconnected scenes from the Bible: the Mystery plays; then of English poetry. In the shorter lyrics, the ghost of Blake ethical sermons presented by typified ab- stractions: the Moralities; then, under the stalks rampant. “Stupidity Street," "The influence of the Renaissance, the drama Bells of Heaven," and "The Birdcatcher" becomes secular and passes through the all come from "a robin redbreast in a cage phases of interlude and farce to chronicle puts heaven in a rage." And it may be plays, heroic tragedy, comedy, domestic said of all the others that they either de- tragedy, etc., to conclude in tragic-comed- rive from Blake direct, or from Blake di- ies of romantic adventure-out of which luted with Herrick. Poetry, like poverty again comes the art-form of the English makes strange bedfellows; and it would be novel. amusing to show how Mr. Hodgson has But on the other hand, we know that grafted upon the sturdy oak of the man when a literature ceases to grow, and who wrote that "improvement makes merely repeats itself, that literature is straight roads, but crooked roads without dead. It no longer draws its nourish- improvement are the roads of genius," ment out of life, but only out of libraries. the graceful, trailing vine of "get up sweet It may indeed for a time continue to dis- slug-a-bed and see the dew bespangling play a sophisticated and faded charm, but herb and tree. But I will spare the it is spiritually moribund and mentally in- reader. capable of reacting to altering conditions. One more piece deserves to be noted. For such a literature, there is no hope, un- "The Royal Mails" is simply a poem of less the influence of some great crisis Wordsworth born out of time. Every- comes to brace and restore it. body knows that letters are no longer car- Perhaps the war is providing that in- ried by courier in England, and that the fluence. In view of the flood of heroic highways are no longer infested with energy let loose by the war, Mr. Hodg- thieves. But here we have the tale of a son's poetry is merely a well-bred anach- courier robbed by highwaymen, told in the ronism. same ballad metre as “The Complaint of John Gould FleTCHER. 1917] 53 THE DIAL The Mind of England at War her traditional institutions; and it took her states- men long to realize that much of the old machin- ENGLAND AND THE WAR. By André Chevrillon. ery could not be adapted to such new and (Doubleday, Page & Co.; $1.60.) gigantic purposes. M. Chevrillon has not entered upon the diffi- And when one realizes the magnitude of the cult task he has undertaken in this volume with- change, it is impossible not to excuse the delay. out important qualifications. His studies of The war has taken a ninth of the whole popula- Sidney Smith and of Ruskin have shown him to tion of England into the fighting line; she had be, for almost twenty years, an acute and sym- never before raised an army of more than a pathetic observer of English life. If he lacks quarter of a million men. Her industrial system the monumental knowledge and superb insight had been based on the theory that the interests which makes of M. Halévy the greatest living of capital and labor are incompatible; what she student of modern England, his book yet reveals was to learn was that somehow from a dual dis- a mastery of his subject which is sufficiently rare harmony a synthesis of interests must be evolved. to be stimulating and helpful. What he has at- Her politics, as Mr. Balfour once said, rested tempted is a psychological study of the English on the assumption that life is an organized quar- mind in the first eighteen months of war. It is rel; now she had to govern without the aid of an impressionist picture he has striven to paint, parliamentary criticism. And she had no time which, ignoring detail and circumstance, shall yet for adjustment. She could only learn by actual concentrate attention upon the fundamental as- experience that high explosives and not shrapnel pects of his problem. The result is in many ways were the right kind of ammunition. She could remarkably successful. I would hazard the guess only learn by serious losses that the submarine that M. Chevrillon belongs far too closely by was a far more potent weapon than any of her temperament and opinion to the Kipling-Lloyd experts-except Sir Percy Scott—had been will- George school of intense action-at-all-costs to ing to admit. She had to control a vast mechan- appreciate the exact nuance of men like Sir John ism of credit upon which her allies were in Simon and Mr. George Lansbury. His sym- His sym- complete dependence. She had to maintain in as pathy is too clearly with the present English full degree as possible the ordinary operations of government to make it possible for him to judge business enterprise. New problems arose at every of dissent from its attitude with impartiality. moment—the relations of skilled to unskilled But when allowance for the human fact of con- workers, the position of women in industry, the viction is made this is the best interim study of rebellion in Ireland. Grave fissures were appar- the English attitude the war has so far produced. ent in the political system. Administrators of When the history of the war can be written every sort and kind had to be discovered and in something like an adequate perspective, there trained; an army had to be constructed from will be few more fascinating chapters than that clerks and teachers, cricketers and engineers. If which records the change in the attitude of Eng. England reacted slowly to so novel a situation land toward its character. It is impossible to the fact is surely pardonable. She had not the doubt that in the first months of the war there experience of 1870 to look back upon as a vivid were few, even among the experts, who at all memory. She had no invader upon her own appreciated its probable magnitude. The extent soil. As a nation, she had always been unin- of German preparation was totally unexpected. terested in foreign politics, and the realignment of The greatness of German ambition was barely her ideas required an immense intellectual effort. realized. A dull sense, indeed, existed that Ger- She found it difficult to understand that she was many was not friendly; but on the whole, there combating a nation which had consciously willed were few who understood how profound was her the dominion of the world. She herself had enmity. England went to war because Belgium strayed into empire; and it is a matter of record was invaded, and it is as certain as things can be that only since the time of Froude and Mr. certain in the tortuous labyrinth of diplomacy Chamberlain has she awakened to its immense that had the neutrality of Belgium been re- and beneficent possibilities. It was little less spected, Sir Edward Grey would not have se- than a revelation to most Englishmen that Ger- cured the willing adhesion of most Englishmen many should look upon them as lustful of power, to the attitude of which he was protagonist. It as determined to prevent her attainment of a was only fitfully that a deeper sense of perspec- manifest destiny. What would have happened tive became possible. England parts slowly with if Germany had acted with the honesty that 54 [July 19 THE DIAL civilization demands, it is, of course, impossible prone to attribute to conscious ill-will, what is, as to say. But the treatment of Belgium, the pride a fact, no more than unconscious stupidity. But in cruelty, in injustice, in treachery by which it is important to realize that his general distrust every step in the German campaign was distin- of the state is the result of forty intimate and full guished, resulted in the stiffening of her pur- years of political experience and not in the least pose. Slowly and painfully, she came into line. related to the abstract principles of a jejune She organized herself for the single purpose of laissez-faire to which M. Chevrillon is anxious defeating the German aims. She did it without . to ascribe it. The criticism of trade-unionism hate, or pride, or ambition. It was the same is, similarly, based on a complete misunderstand- call of duty to the ideal of freedom which in the ing of its nature. If he had been in England sixteenth century had led her to smash the proud during the years between 1910 and the outbreak and insolent imperialism of Spain and in the nine- of war, his observation of the industrial position teenth the crude ambitions of Bonaparte. That must have convinced him that its interpretation service was her historic mission and she would of the struggle in terms of class was by no means not fail in her accomplishment. the intellectual chimera he imagines. He would It is the analysis of this realization that M. have seen that what the war must industrially Chevrillon has undertaken in his book. For him, mean to many of the workers is the completion of the culminating point in the process he describes an assault upon the very foundations of their is the abandonment of the voluntary principle strategic structure. Their suspicions, in that and its replacement by a conscript army. That aspect, may not have been verified; but so cau- step he regards as the pledge by Great Britain tious an observer as Mr. Sidney Webb has re- of all her resources to the struggle in hand. cently pointed out how impossible it is for the It is, for him, nothing so much as a national agreement between labor and the British govern- conversion. It is the completion of her full ment to be fulfilled. Mr. Lloyd George's prom- and intimate acquaintance with the extent and ise of a restoration of trade-union conditions has depth of the German menace. When England become simply impossible. It is obvious that learned what was implied by the German phil- this will lead to serious difficulty at the close of osophy of war, she was at first disinclined to war, and that the state will be the main weapon admit that something tantamount to the abandon- in the hands of capitalists to prevent that diffi- ment of what civilization had with such diffi- culty from assuming a form popularly called culty achieved could be attempted by a whole threatening. It is in the light of problems such nation; but the rape of Belgium and the sinking as these that M. Chevrillon should have analyzed of the Lusitania drove her unwillingly to that the motives and fears of labor. conviction. On the whole I do not think M. What one cannot help hoping is that he will Chevrillon's interpretation of the process is much turn from this brilliant journalism to a more out of perspective. Where he is less happy is permanent and profound study. He will trust, in his treatment of the dissident strands of opin- then, not to the guidance and confidence of Mr. ion, which are far more complex than he seems Kipling but to acquaintance with parts of Eng- to imagine. Things, for example, like Mr. Lans- land too rarely known to the external observer. bury's urgent protest against the union of labor In social experiment he will realize that the with the government are certainly not based on future of England lies far more probably with any disbelief in the rightness of the British cause, effort like that of Miss Sylvia Pankhurst and but on a doubt whether a capitalist state can in Mr. George Lansbury in the East End of Lon- fact be the parent of that final democracy of don, than with that of the more blazoned circles which Mr. Lloyd George has constituted himself of the West. He will come to understand that the apostle. He sees the industrial problems of the political thought which is going to count in the war less in terms of the achievement in muni- the years that lie ahead is that of Dr. Figgis tions which M. Chevrillon so loudly applauds and Mr. Delisle Burns, of Graham Wallas and than in the immense profits in transportation and Mr. Bertrand Russell. He will see that the kindred industries, which even the excess-profits things to examine are experiments like that of tax has failed really adequately to touch. He is guild socialism, of the organization of such un- distressed at the growing strength of bureaucracy, skilled workers as the dockers of London. It as evidenced in the too often thoughtless treat- will be a new England that will meet his eyes; ment of the dependents of soldiers and sailors. but upon the basis of a victory in this war, it will Now it is probable that Mr. Lansbury is a little be the England that is going to count. HAROLD J. LASKI. 1917] 55 THE DIAL A Protean Muse shifting of the attention away from the merely romantic, or decorative, and toward the real and LOLLINGDON Downs. By John Masefield. (Mac- human. The romantic attitude is not eliminated, millan Co.; $1.25.) to be sure; one feels here as later in the four IDEAL PASSION. By George Woodberry. (Printed for the Woodberry Society.) long narrative poems which gave Mr. Masefield WAR FLAMES. By John Curtis Underwood. his greatest success, that though the material is (Macmillan Co.; $1.35.) often rudely naturalistic, it is still being used to LIFE SINGS A SONG. By Samuel Hoffenstein. (Wilmarth Publishing Co.; $1.) an essentially romantic end. It is the romance The hasty critic who a year and a half ago, of the realistic, of the crude and violent; it is when "Good Friday" was published, lamented romantic because it is always seen against a back- that book as final proof of the decline of Mr. ground of permanence and beauty. This use of Masefield, meets something of a poser in Mr. the realistic element, the vigor of the common- Masefield's newest volume, “Lollingdon Downs." place, reached its height in “The Everlasting Mr. Masefield is of that type of creative artist Mercy,” “The Widow in the Bye Street," and which is most distressing to the critic with a "Dauber." In "The Daffodil Fields," which fol- mania for classifying: he will not remain classi- lowed, one perceives the next change, a distinct fied; he is forever in a process of evolution. This relenting of the naturalistic mood, a softening of is indeed the highest compliment that could be both material and technique nearly to the point of sentimentalism. paid him. It is not every poet who is capable The hunger for hardness of growth and change of a creative sort. With and virility having been satisfied in a brief and most poets the only marked modifications from magnificent debauch, Mr. Masefield returned to book to book are technical. They adumbrate in his more natural taste for the sensuous and lyric. one book what they achieve in the next. They The poetic plays which followed were further de- mark out their province , they develop it, they velopments of this. In spirit they are closely exploit it, and at last they exhaust it. Con- akin to the three later poetic narratives: the sistency, emotional as well as intellectual, rides motive force, the emotional compulsion, is an al- them as heavily as the Old Man of the Sea. most obsessive feeling for the tragic futility of They are the one-strain poets, of whom we be- man's endeavor in the face of an outrageous and come accustomed to expect always the same sort apparently unreasoning fate. At this everlasting of tune. From a psychological viewpoint this door, Mr. Masefield says in effect, we beat in is significant. It means that these poets have vain. One perceives in Mr. Masefield, as he early in their poetic career achieved what is for says this, an almost pathetic bewilderment that them a satisfactory abstraction, or algebra, of it should be so, but a bewilderment which has experience. They have formed crystalline con- not yet reached the intensity of interrogation or victions which will henceforth be hard, clear, and rebellion. This point was finally reached in the insoluble. In so far as we value their view- sonnet series which composed the greater part of point, or have experienced it, we enjoy their “Good Friday.” In these one gets a blind and work and give it a place in the gamut of our troubled searching for spiritual comfort, a cry perceptions. But they have ceased to interest us for some sort of assurance that beauty is more as individuals, because they inform us obliquely than a merely transient and relative thing. The that for them the problems have all been solved tone at its best is tragic, at its worst querulous. The oracle is dumb, however, and Mr. Mase- and there is no longer any flux in values. More interesting, therefore, is the poet who, if field implies, though he does not state (and in he does not always progress intellectually (a spite, too, of his passionate adherence to Beauty), hard thing to determine on that the silence is negative. any absolute In short Mr. Masefield's evolution as a poet grounds), at any rate changes; he provides us with a personal drama as well as a literary. has been cyclic—it has revolved through many Mr. Masefield is of this sort. If we look back changes, but always about one centre. This on his career as poet, we see a perspective of centre, which has been at times obscured, and of ceaseless change. His first mood, in “Songs and which Mr. Masefield himself, like most poets, Ballads,” was unreflectingly, colorfully lyric: he has been perhaps partially unconscious up to the was preoccupied with sensuous beauty, and with present, is essentially romantic: it is clearly in the its transience, in the romantic tradition. In the tradition of that romanticism which consists in group of novels which followed, we see a steady a pagan love of beauty, on the one hand, and a 56 (July 19 THE DIAL as profound despair at its impermanence and rela- dust and glare. This is the Petrarchan and tivity, on the other. The sonnets in "Good Dantesque tradition, even to small details: the Friday” showed us that Mr. Masefield had be- beloved is referred to as My Lady, the land- come partly aware that this particular emotional scape is that of Perugino, the language is quaintly well was the feeding spring of his whole nature: and prettily old-fashioned. The modernist will it was his first attempt to dip directly from the be impatient with these things; he will be of- source. Now, in “Lollingdon Downs," he has fended at every turn by Mr. Woodberry's met- completed this process. The echo of personal rical severities with words, by the frequency of complaint which hung over the former work is such adjectives "skyey," "rebukeful," practically eliminated. Mr. Masefield has seen "stretched," by such a dreadful tyranny as com- himself in a detached way, as he might see a pels "religion" and "tradition" to rhyme as four- reflection; the tone has become one of calm and syllabled words with “done” and “upon," or the resignation; like Meredith he has managed a cer- shameless use of inversion. tain degree of objectivism and can accord without Thee rather in myself than heaven's vast light undue desolation when Meredith exclaims Flooding the daybreak, better I discern- This is an extreme instance of the sort of inver- Ah what a dusty answer gets the soul When hot for certainties in this our life! sion Mr. Woodberry is prone to use, and often, This volume has a singular and intriguing as in this instance, it sounds more like a literal unity, a unity broken up by interludes and by a translation from the Latin than like English. It succession of changes in the angle of approach, is hard to ignore such faults. In consequence one and in time and place. The effect is that of a cannot give a serene attention to Mr. Wood- several-voiced music. It is panoramic, rich in berry's development of ideas, a development perspective,-passing all the way from lyric and which is persuasively lucid and sometimes, in a reflective sonnets to terse poetic dialogues and cerebral fashion, beautiful. It is even at its narrative lyric almost ugly in its bareness. It best, however, a cold and remote sort of beauty; would be idle to pretend that Mr. Masefield one soon gets tired of so chill a sanctity, and is a philosopher. He is not intellectual except Mr. Woodberry is not so perfect an artist but in the sense that he is tortured by an intellectual that often, even in the most quiet precincts, the issue; he is neither subtle nor profound. But reader suddenly and with a start remembers how he feels this issue intensely, and even more than long a journey he has come from reality. One usual he strikes music and beauty from it. On cannot forever contemplate the sky, and even the technical side he has few superiors in power the most steadfast contemplation of it will not to write richly, richly not merely from the im- eliminate the earth. aginative point of view, but also from the melo- In this respect, as in others, Mr. Underwood die. He modulates vowels with great skill; he is at the opposite extreme from Mr. Woodberry. knows how to temper sensuousness with vigor. “War Flames” is solid stuff, solidly human, vig- Best of all, he is preëminently Anglo-Saxon in orously kinæsthetic: one feels Mr. Underwood his speech. stretching and thrusting with a rude pleasure To pass from Mr. Masefield to Mr. Wood- among the massed humanities of the world. Here berry is to pass from the emotional plane to the are crowds of people, armies in motion, shops, intellectual. In "Ideal Passion," a sonnet series cloisters, hospitals, corners of battlefields, streets, celebrating the beauty of super-physical love, trains, personal anecdotes, effects in historical one might almost say supernatural,—the atmos- perspective, all massed in one book and arranged, phere is of so rarefied an azure as to be almost a little artificially, according to nationality. The unbreathable. As Mr. Woodberry truly says of defects are, as with inost contemporary work in himself, realism, artistic defects. Mr. Underwood has No beast within my flesh his lair doth keep, aimed at creating an overwhelming panorama of and, on the whole, we cannot help wondering war; but instead of achieving this, he ends, by whether it would not be better if a beast did—or, sheer tireless weight of creative energy, in over- at any rate, if Mr. Woodberry could perceive whelming the reader physically rather than him. Mr. Woodberry is an aristocrat, however, emotionally. Once he has set his machinery in mo- and succeeds in ignoring him to the end. The tion, it grinds along with a logical momentum result is that these sonnets concern themselves almost frightful in its persistence. One feels with a world strangely archaic and unreal, an that this book is being manufactured by rule and anachronistic world, oddly so in this time of schedule. There is no variety; one method pre- 1917] 57 THE DIAL vails throughout: a slow, cumulative prose, fenstein and two-thirds poetic stock. At his oc- monotonous, dogged, inexhaustible. In the end, casional best, however, Mr. Hoffenstein succeeds one must break the continuity. By turning the surprisingly well in revivifying material which pages backward and forward and reading a bit would have seemed rather hopelessly dead. The here and there, one is often repaid by finding title poem, for example, is a quite delightful vivid description, narrative episodes direct and specimen of this sort; and "The Dreamer,” “Que- powerful. It is, of course, prose, rising now rella," "A Prescience of Immortality" are also and again to a sort of ordered recitative. It good. There is a precision in these which is fails of being clearly poetic, as so much grand- elsewhere lacking. In the main, like most young sired by Whitman fails, through being prodigally poets, Mr. Hoffenstein is so carried away by the wasteful and unselective, through relying on pathos of literary creation (a subtle intoxicant) weight rather than on power. It is a little dis- that he forgets to stop. Mr. Hoffenstein will appointing to reflect, in this connection, that it probably write better, to paraphrase one of his is the French rather than ourselves who have titles, "when all his dreams are cold.” This may known how to appreciate what was valuable in seem a desolate outlook, but it is really only Whitman, how to ignore what was weak. The Wordsworth's doctrine of "emotion remembered principle of freedom, the necessity of inventing in tranquillity.” The poet must quarry not in form for one's self, this is what Whitman has his present, but in his past ; Mr. Hoffenstein is taught many modern French poets, and these still quarrying for the most part in the sweet poets have gone beyond Whitman in subtle and confusion of his present. CONRAD AIKEN. beautiful adaptations of rhythm to idea. In America, however, we are prone to mistake Whit- man's practice for his principle, and his prac- tice was, in the main, unsuccessful because The Struggle for South American inartistic: Whitman lacked sense of form almost Trade as much as he lacked the gift of melodic line. It is precisely these defects which most American British EXPLOITS IN SOUTH AMERICA: A History followers of Whitman imitate, apparently in the of British Activities in Exploration, Military Adventure, Diplomacy, Science, and Trade in belief that Whitman wrote in this way because Latin-America. By W. H. Koebel. (Century; $4.) it was better than any other, and not, as is more Mr. W. H. Koebel-who, notwithstanding his reasonably to be considered the case, because he German-sounding name, is a thoroughgoing Eng- was incapable of writing otherwise. Mr. Under- lishman-has added to the fast-growing litera- wood is one more adherent to this lost cause and, ture of Latin American affairs half a dozen like many others, provides, when all is said and acceptable volumes. Further, he has served as done, a mass of rich poetic material still in the editor-in-chief of the “Encyclopædia of South ore. Such work is valuable for its influence America.” He speaks with authority on all mat- on the poetic consciousness of the age rather than ters pertaining to the contact of Europeans with for itself. It is the material for new poetic Latin American resources, governments, and coinage. At the same time it would be unfair to peoples. Mr. Underwood not to admit that he has writ. His “British Exploits in South America" ten a vivid and suggestive book, even if it is not entirely successful as poetry. covers a period of more than three hundred years. It opens with a picturesque account of Mr. Samuel Hoffenstein's first book, "Life the old English navigators and buccaneers who Sings a Song," has the engaging quality of youth. sailed the Spanish Main, and goes on to describe Bad and good are here mixed indiscriminately, successively the work of the English and Irish and if the bad outweighs the good, there is yet Jesuits in the Spanish colonies, the British voy- much that is, in a curiously unwarrantable way, ages of exploration in the eighteenth century, the very pleasant. Mr. Hoffenstein has a Mozartean touch in melody; he is lyric and sensuous; but development of British Guiana and the Falkland he still lives in a world of mirage and illusion Islands, the exploits of the British in Brazil, the and can hardly be said to have seen either him- part taken by Englishmen in the wars of inde- self or the world very clearly. There is a good pendence, the early relations of the English with deal too much of the vasty deep, the sweet, the the new republics, and the deeds of innumerable dim, dreams that fade, moonlight, angels, and adventurous British travellers, traders, natural- roundelays—the work is perhaps one-third Hof- ists, and soldiers of fortune. The author gives 58 [July 19 THE DIAL evidence of an easy command of rich resources at the American capitals so as to include a much of memoirs, diaries, correspondence, and old books larger number of carefully selected commercial of travel and history; he has keen sense of attachés. character; and his chapters make interesting The lost ground has gone mainly to Germany reading and the United States. The German position in Three aspects of British operations in South South America is analyzed at some length. There America, especially since the early nineteenth is no such easy rapprochement between the Ger- century, are emphasized. The first is the large mans and the Latin Americans as between the part played by capital. Within two decades, two British and the Latin Americans. “An inherent or three hundred million pounds passed from and unquenchable antagonism exists between the Lombard Street to the newly founded Latin arrogance of the Prussian and the easy democracy American states, and the stream has never ceased of the South American.” None the less, by art- to flow. British investments south of Panama ful and dauntless enterprise, the German has are to-day not far from seven hundred millions, absorbed a large proportion of the Latin Amer- insuring a substantial, though beneficent, finan- ican trade, has planted colonies on Latin Amer- cial dominion. The second feature is the excep- ican soil, and by 1914 had begun to direct the tional ease with which the Englishman adapted course of affairs in more than one Latin Amer- himself to his surroundings and took root in ican state. Everything has been carefully South American countries. planned and directed by public authorities, noth- It is the fashion to accuse the Englishman abroad ing left to chance. The war has upset the Ger- of the unsocial crime of keeping himself to himself. man calculations and roused the Latin American This, I think, must apply in a far lesser degree to South America than to any other part of the world. peoples to a new degree of anti-German feeling. There is no doubt that the average Englishman in The author feels, therefore, that now is the time South America entertains an affection for that con- to overcome the disadvantages which Great tinent and its inhabitants deeper than the inevitable regard with which the successful man contemplates Britain has suffered, and to prepare against the the source of his wealth. Intermarriage has been fre- probable revival of German "predatory trade" quent: common interests in sports, games, pastoral after the restoration of peace. and agricultural occupations have led to an intimate understanding. American competition is viewed very differ- A third fact is that almost all of the British ently. achievements in South America have been the To forsake the topic of the German trade hostilities for that of the North American competition is to ex- work of free lances. This was true in the ro- perience the sensations of one emerging from an en- mantic days of Elizabeth, "when on the one hand tangled forest path on to an open high-road. Yet the Queen gave Drake god-speed and scarfs em- this affords no reasons for regarding it lightly. The North American competition with which we have to broidered with well-wishes, and on the otheç contend is straightforward, of a fairly simple order, hand condoled with Philip of Spain on the deeds but very powerful. It relies for its success largely on a sheer weight of dollars. It enjoys forming a of her irrepressible sailors.” It was true of the trust and buying up the control of an entire trade. British activities which had so much to do with In its industrial enterprise, moreover, it has stimulating and guiding the nineteenth century set itself a very high standard-if not quite so lofty an ideal of political morality-at Panama. The North movement for independence. It was true, in the American has already given ample proof that he main, of British financial and commercial expan- means business—very big business—in the South. But, sion in the South American world after 1820. seeing that no question of imperial aggression is con- cerned, there would seem no reason why his ventures The portion of Mr. Koebel's book which will and those of the British should not thrive side by side. chiefly interest students of international politics The main handicap, Mr. Koebel feels, upon is a final chapter entitled “Today and Tomor- American enterprise in South America is unfami- row in South America.” The chapter is devoted liarity with South American languages, customs, mainly to a discussion of the commercial situation and institutions. The newcomer from the and outlook. It is pointed out that during recent United States, he very properly says, finds it diffi- decades, notwithstanding the sentimental advan- cult to realize how many races teem, and how tages which the British have enjoyed in Latin many rivers run, between New York and Buenos America over every nationality save the Latins, Aires. He recognizes, however, that the Pan- British trade as compared with the trade of the American Union and other agencies are doing rest of the world has decreased; and the author much to remedy this defect; and it is probable urges a number of expedients to check the de- that the obstacles are disappearing more rapidly cline, chiefly the reorganization of the legations than he realizes. FREDERIC AUSTIN OGG. 1917] 59 THE DIAL II OF The Vitality of Thoreau and briefer treatment of the same subject, it is by no means a book for the seeker after ordinary THE LiFe HENRY DAVID THOREAU. Ву biographical information. While it gives a be- Frank B. Sanborn. (Houghton Mifflin Co.; $4.) wildering amount of family history, and a fairly This book is the offering of Thoreau's author- minute account of some parts of Thoreau's life, ized publishers in this centenary year, and is its omissions are surprising. For example, one announced somewhat tautologically as "final and searches in vain for the date of the residence at definitive." If this is true, Thoreau's name Walden, or any details regarding that experience. must be added to the list of men whose lives It seems to begin on one plan and end on an- can never be written. Fond of paradox and other, and is wofully unsystematic. hyperbole himself, he seems to have been the Lowell wrote of Thoreau in 1865: "We think cause of paradox and hyperbole in others. Em- greater compression would have done more for erson's "Memoir” and Channing's rambling his fame. A feeling of sameness comes over us "Life" abound in striking and epigrammatic as we read so much.” At that time six volumes statements which whet rather than gratify our of Thoreau's writings had appeared, including curiosity regarding the man whom they would his “Letters.” One wonders what Lowell would portray, and which, like most epigrams, are not say to-day, when admirers and publishers have always literally true. Salt's biography and San- insisted that every scrap of manuscript that he born's earlier volume in the "American Men of left should be given to the public. The excuse Letters Series" record the facts of Thoreau's for a great part of this publication is plain. career, and many critics and essayists have had Thoreau left journals and commonplace books their say regarding his life and personality. The filled with material, much of which he would present volume makes some valuable contribu- surely have prepared for the press had he lived. tions to our knowledge. But after all, we are This was too good to be lost, yet no one could never certain that we fully understand Thoreau. say just what selections and revisions he would It is not so much that he seems a mystic, in- have made. Excerpts by an editor, like the vol- capable of comprehension, but rather that we umes published with the titles of the seasons, feel uncertain as to data and their significance, were bound to be unsatisfactory. The publica- doubtful whether our informants have inter- tion of the complete journals, though it over- preted word and act and gesture as we might whelmed the reader with a mass of material have interpreted them. uneven in quality and filled with endless repeti- It was fitting that Frank B. Sanborn should tion of similar details, had the justification that write this book on this occasion, and it is for- it enabled him to make his own selections and tunate that he lived to read almost the final do his own editing. There seems to be less proofs, though not to see it from the press. He reason for printing the college essays and the was the last surviving intimate of Thoreau and notebook of the trip to Minnesota in 1861 which of Thoreau's group at Concord, and Thoreau are made a conspicuous part of the present vol- was perhaps the man for whom he had the The notebook contains the jottings kept greatest admiration. Mr. Traubel reports by an overtaxed traveller in the late stages of a Whitman as saying: “I asked Sanborn fatal disease, and is of little value for content who of all men of Concord was most likely to or form. The college essays, though interesting last into the future. Sanborn took his time in as examples of Harvard themes of eighty years replying. I thought he was going to say Emer- ago, seem less significant than the biographer son, but he didn't. He said Thoreau. I was deems them. They show Thoreau to have been surprised-looked at him—asked 'Is that your an apt pupil, and his progress may well have deliberate judgment?' and he said very emphat- been a source of pride to his instructor, Professor ically, 'Yes!'” One may conjecture that San- Channing; but they throw little light on the de- born never changed his mind. His latest work velopment of his finished style. Sanborn makes is a combination of biography, interpretation, much of their paradoxical statements; but love and personal tribute. The unexpected lapses of paradox is not an uncommon trait in college into the first person, and the autobiographic ref- students, and it is undergraduate paradox that erences which might seem blemishes in another we find here, rather than the individual and book only add to its attractiveness. It has, how- whimsical sort that appears in Walden. No- ever, grave limitations. Like the author's earlier where are there hints of the perfect diction and ume. 60 [July 19 THE DIAL on the the flowing sentences that linger in our minds associated. Stevenson might have attained some- when we meet them in the later essays and jour- what the same effect if he had interlarded nals, and that somehow move us like reaches of “Travels with a Donkey" at random with pages still and shaded waters. Moreover, the pub- from “Virginibus. Puerisque.” The most devout lishers tell us that Sanborn, in dealing with writ- admirers of the author enjoy both elements ings which Thoreau did not himself prepare for equally; but there are many who are moved publication, "used the privilege of an editor who chiefly by his sympathetic comment is thoroughly familiar with his author's subjects homely things of Nature, and by the less striking and habits of thought to rearrange paragraphs, and erratic of the passages in which he preaches to omit here, to make slight interpolations there, the "simple life." To these last, at least, San- and otherwise to treat the rough and unpolished born will appeal less strongly than some earlier sentences of the Journals, letters, etc., much as commentators. A feature of the book too im- it may be supposed the author himself would portant to be ignored is the illustrations, mostly have treated them had he prepared them for the reproductions of old family pictures, which to press.” If he has taken liberties like these with those who can interpret them are far better than the essays and the notebooks, he has destroyed pages of letterpress in giving an idea of the even the slight value they might have had as Thoreaus and their kin. documents. WILLIAM B. CAIRNS. But if the new biography fails to reveal the secrets of personality as we might wish, it still reminds us how vital and important a figure Federalists and Republicans Thoreau is in American literature a hundred years after his birth. The view of his contem- A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. By Edward poraries, that he was a mere understudy and Channing. Vol. IV. The Federalists and Re- imitator of Emerson, has disappeared so com- publicans. (Macmillan Co.; $2.50.) pletely that it is hardly mentioned to be denied. Professor Channing goes resolutely forward with his great undertaking, a history of the He was a man of somewhat eccentric character, United States to the end of the nineteenth cen- driven by his Yankee humor and his innate in- dependence to mystify a gossipy New England tury, in spite of wars and distractions that might village and the wider circle of his readers by deter a less devoted historian. The present vol- accentuating the appearance of eccentricity. The ume treats the period from 1789 to 1815. The slight recognition that his works received did third volume presented the story of the Revolu- tion and the reaction to 1789; while the two not encourage publication in his lifetime, and his preceding instalments were devoted to the two career was early cut short; so that he is known centuries of colonial history. At this rate we by writings in which he is sometimes guilty of shall have a new history of the country in eight trying to pique attention, and by a mass of post- humously published material which is surely not volumes, although the proportions of the subjects in the form that he would have given it. That to be treated must necessarily make it difficult to such work of such a man should continue for say how much space should be given to them. A new history of the United States after this over half a century to give an increasing sense fashion is a formidable undertaking and Mr. of its importance is proof of qualities that may well be lasting. Channing makes it plain that he is fully aware Thoreau has a double hold-a fascination for of the fact. The materials are abundant, too those who love Nature not as a fad or a pleas- variety of social groups to be described is great; abundant for any but the most industrious; the ant-day diversion but in all her aspects, and an and the conflicting interests are manifold. Thus interest for those who respond to his unsystem- far the author has apparently devoted fifteen atic but fairly intelligible philosophy of life. A years to his task and has brought out four vol- book like his "Week” might be separated into umes of some six hundred pages each. To com- two works—a delightful chronicle of a journey, plete his task fifteen more years must be devoted and a set of moralizing essays. A passage of de- to research. Thirty years to a work which must scription and a passage of moralizing is the of necessity be antiquated before it is finished ! formula, and often there is no close relation That is the problem and the recompense of the between the particular moral idea and the par- historian; for all the larger histories of our ticular scene by the river-bank with which it is country which have appeared in the last two 1917] 61 THE DIAL decades were out of date before they were com- come only another Europe, a place where poor pleted. men are exploited for the benefit of their more Nor is this to be lamented. Each generation Each generation fortunate fellows. Channing has not been im- must have its history anew, and that history must pressed by that view. He has not pointed out have some bearing on the present, much as some that Jefferson was so hated by true gentlemen of scholars deprecate that demand of the public. Virginia that prayers were piously said for his It is not so only with history proper; it is so demise. While slaveholders associated with the with biography. There are less than a dozen Jefferson party, they did it with fear and trem- biographies in the whole field of American history bling, much as "malefactors of great wealth” that can be said to stand on permanent founda- hold on to the coat tails of Woodrow Wilson. tions. Of Washington, Jefferson, Clay, Lin- Their only alternative was the downright enemy, coln, and the rest we have only the frameworks John Adams, or the star-gazing Virginian. of biographies, not reproductions of the men as They took the Virginian, hoping either to con- they lived and wrestled with men and conditions. trol or to confound him. While this is not said There is room, then, for all that Mr. Channing in criticism of Channing, it is suggested that at can bring out, even if his work must of necessity least one feature of the story has been slurred. be submitted to a generation that runs so fast Of the Alien and Sedition laws the author that it cannot read. offers just and adequate treatment. He makes it In the volume before us Professor Channing plain that they were a sort of party platform, as treats with sympathy both Hamilton and Jeffer- indeed were the resolutions of the Hartford con- son, opposite as they were to each other. He vention. The essential weakness of the con- still adheres to the view that Hamilton's financial stitution in those early days is made sufficiently measures composed a magnificent system, perhaps plain; but it is not made quite so plain that, in underestimating the fact that union itself made vital matters, the rights of the states were deemed the system necessary and that the tariff, with by able and patriotic leaders always paramount which Madison had much to do, was the under- to the rights and interests of the Federal Gov- pinning of the whole financial structure. While ernment. Any close reading of Jefferson, Mad- Hamilton was doubtless a great figure, it must ison, Josiah Quincy, or George Cabot reveals the not be forgotten that the social forces already fact that the Union was a union of convenience, organized would have made even a smaller man which, to be sure, all regarded as of great impor- great. But I must hasten to say that Mr. Chan- tance for the building of an American nation, ning is no panegyrist either of Hamilton or of but which few regarded as commanding the ab- Washington himself. solute allegiance of men. If the principles of He is not afraid of the facts and the facts are the Federalists are to prevail, then Jefferson duly brought out. The Secretary of the Treas- would rather have the Union disrupted; if the ury is shown to have been the centre of a con- country is to embrace all the Mississippi valley siderable number of petty intrigues of specula- and thus make of New England only a province, tors and narrow-minded partisans, whose purpose then Quincy or Cabot would prefer separation was to exploit their opportunities and the coun- from the Virginia dynasty and its "vile dal- try. Hamilton's many bouts with John Adams, liance with slavery. his efforts to control Washington or to exploit This is not made so plain in Channing that the his reputation as against the President's in 1798, wayfaring man may see and understand; and are given all due publicity. But it may be attention needs to be called to the subject, be- doubted whether Professor Channing has read cause failure to grip these facts may lead to President Wilson's statement that Hamilton was unhistorical treatment of later and more contro- a great man, but not a great American. verted epochs. Of the arch radical, Jefferson, Channing has The history of the war of 1812 is correctly even more to say than of Hamilton; but it may set forth, at least so far as the facts It was be doubted whether he knows what a “root and no war for sailors' rights, successfully waged branch” reformer the Third President was when against the greatest naval power in the world. a leader in Virginia. At least, such knowledge It was a war such as a democracy must of neces- does not appear in this volume. Henry Adams sity wage, one of blunders, of personal disgraces, thinks Jefferson would rather have seen the world and brilliant individual exploits. It produced go up in smoke than that America should be- the piddling Henry Dearborn and it brought to go. 62 [July 19 THE DIAL light the heroic Andrew Jackson. It saw the that Clay sang his song of "Canada, Canada" ignominious fall of Washington and the distress- in Congress till John Randolph's political stom- ing incidents which accompanied the fall. It also ach was turned. It was as a westerner that Cal- saw the valiant defence of Balitmore by citizen houn thundered nationalism at the East and even soldiers. Professor Channing deserves the credit talked of the treason of New England. The due the honest historian for telling the truth West and South had been allies since the adop- about the militia, which was neither all poltroon tion of the constitution; but the official spokes- nor all heroic. In the light of recent so-called men of the alliance in 1810-11,—Madison, Gal- military history, one might have been tempted to latin, and the rest,-seeking always to get on accept what is in the air and solemnly pronounce without war and without alienating the East had verdicts of condemnation upon men whose lives got out of touch with common men of the West and conduct were as honorable as any of those and the southern up-country. Clay and Cal- who died at Bunker Hill or Gettysburg. The houn and, for that matter, Porter of New York, facts of the war are correctly if briefly set forth. undertook to wake them up and restore them They are not conducive to a sense of national to their political base. superiority; they do not place us below the other Thus when Monroe went into Madison's cab- peoples in the world who have sought to govern inet, it was in obedience to a popular demand themselves. from West and South and with the purpose of Of the causes of the war the present volume changing the base of the administration, as any gives an equally truthful and straightforward one may see who reads the letters of John Tay- account. It was the westerner who first cried lor of Caroline, the good angel of Monroe's out for a declaration of hostilities, and it was the career, who brought the wayward Virginian West that supplied the greatest number of back to his former friendly relation to the Pres- soldiers and the best fighting men. The South ident. The publication of the Henry letters, at was next in interest; in part because there was a cost of the exorbitant sum of fifty thousand a bitter popular feeling in that region against dollars, was due warning that the Administration England on account of the atrocities of the rev- had changed its mind. Then came Clay and olutionary struggle. Still, as we are plainly told, Calhoun and Grundy and Porter and drove the these were not the decisive influences. The con- war machine into action. Some have said that quest of Canada and Florida was a leading mo- they exacted a declaration of war from timid tive for the war; it was natural that this should Madison as a condition of his reëlection to the be so, for the best way to rid the country of the presidency in 1812. Channing denies this stoutly Indians, who were always ready for a foray into and with good documentary support. Madison the settlements, was to attack their allies. The had, indeed, seen the writing on the wall. Still, Indians naturally looked to England or Spain for one may doubt very much whether the President arms and for markets for their peltries. This could have interpreted the writing but for his made war upon England for Canada natural; hard-pressing western friends. it made war upon England for Florida natural, The following quotation, pages 15-16, from because England was the ally of Spain against this volume may bring the author some embar- Napoleon. Hence America became an enemy rassment: "Whether alcohol quickened or of England and a supporter of Napoleon at a dimmed their [Madison, Jefferson, and King] time when the fortunes of the world seemed to intellects would probably best be left for decision be in the balance and when Americans were not to others. What effect it produced on their admirers of the French emperor. It was a fate- bodily health is also an interesting inquiry and ful step to take; but the conditions in North one upon which conclusion would be quite as America decreed it. difficult. King died at the age of seventy-two, Perhaps Professor Channing will not com- Jefferson at eighty-three and Madison at eighty- plain if I say that his making of Clay, Calhoun, five, after years of service unsurpassed each in Grundy, and R. M. Johnson southerners is in- his way." If the American Liquor Dealers As- consistent with the rest of his story of the war. sociation does not jump at this proof of the Although these men were born in the South, they good effects of partaking of the “good things” of were as far from John Randolph and Charles life, it will be because its press agents do not Pinckney in ideal and purpose as Jefferson was look to the pages of graye and sober historians foreign to Rufus King. It was as a westerner for support of their cause. 1917] 63 THE DIAL OF dwelt upon. Professor Channing's work is a little difficult The Dramatist of Psycho-Analysis to appraise justly. It is substantial, informing, , and useful; one could not well afford to leave COMEDIES Words. By Arthur Schnitzler. it off one's shelves. Yet there is little, if any- Translated by Pierre Loving. (Stewart & Kidd; $1.50.) thing, new in it. Perhaps this is as it should be A translation of Schnitzler's einakters has a in such a work. Nor are there new interpreta- more than timely interest. For fifteen years he tions or evidences of very keen insight. The mean- ing of Federalism in its later years is overlooked. has been one of the most-followed teachers to a And the election of the Republicans in 1800 is large school of playwrights who have been sup- treated just as one might treat the success of the plying the intimate playhouses of Europe with Democrats in the later decades of the nineteenth realistic short pieces, and recently his influence has been extended to the young American dram- century—that is, as a mere change of parties. The shift of John Quincy Adams from Federal- atists whose one-act plays are being presented in ism to Republicanism in 1807, while a personal our own Little Theatres. In this volume are collected interesting ex- matter in some respects, was a significant thing, so significant that many people called it the amples of his recent work, the three plays pub- “great apostasy." Since Henry Adams, in all Since Henry Adams, in all lished two years ago with “Literature" (1901) his nine volumes, did not find space to set this and "His Helpmate" (1898). It is a pity that the excellent translations should have a most un- matter straight, it might have been made clear in Channing. A larger and even momentous thing, satisfactory introduction. Schnitzler is not so the purchase of Louisiana, is treated as an well known in America that an intelligent, de- episode: the significance of Louisiana is not made tailed study of his one-act plays is unnecessary, clear, its bearing on slavery and the slave trade, but all that is given the inquiring reader is an on the development of the Union itself is not elaborately worded jumble of praise and uncer- tain conclusions. Mr. Loving's translations of Nor is the reason for the break between Jeffer- the plays themselves, however, are capital. At son and his southern supporters in 1807 made times he is unnecessarily free (as when he trans- evident to the reader. The reason for the au- lates ist nun einmal zu verachten, "isn't to be thor's not seeing this is that he regards Jefferson ground down with the heel of one's foot"), and simply as a party leader and a shrewd statesman, he makes a few careless mistakes (kassiererin, a not as a social reformer bent on leaving his coun- woman cashier, becomes a "coffee-dispenser"); try "in the way of becoming democratic.” The but his English is so finely idiomatic and he repro- slave trade was prohibited by Federal law in duces the spirit of the original so well that we 1807, but Professor Channing does not show can forgive these little slips and even overlook his that the law was as futile as the more recent introduction. Sherman anti-trust law and that African slaves The first thing to strike the reader of these continued to be sold in southern towns till 1861. plays is that the plot of every one has a sexual This is not to say that the facts are not well basis. Taken alone each situation is perfectly set forth, only the meaning of the facts is not possible; taken as a collection they are unnatural. brought out. The struggle over the law against I mention this obvious fact because it can be used the slave trade and the substantial nullification advantageously in examining the individual plays. of that law in the provisions for its execution are Each character, when singled out, is a living in- evidences of things not so well noted as one dividual; but the characters of any play-with should expect from so great a scholar as our the possible exception of the trio in “The Fes- author is known to be. tival of Bacchus”—are an unreal group of human Still, we should not quarrel with those who exceptions. They are all aberrant, and in spite serve us and the public in general so well as of the highly realistic style, we feel certain that Professor Channing does. If his work fails to such erotic persons never found themselves to- show, as one might wish, the evolution of society in America, the meaning of events, and the influ- gether in such a situation. We miss “the average ences of ideas, it is a useful reference work, an man." ever-ready friend in time of need, which all who To comprehend this characteristic of his work are interested in American history should hasten we must remember that Schnitzler is a practising to buy. physician, a specialist in psychology, a student of WILLIAM E. DODD. Freud. He is so keenly interested in patholog- 64 (July 19 THE DIAL ical psychology that the normal human being does known of his wife's affair with a man whom she not interest him at all. Believing that the sexual had loved too well to have any affair with. instinct is the most powerful impulse man has, he Sophie, in "The Big Scene," decides to leave her naturally finds it the most available dramatic husband because he hushes up too skilfully a scan- theme. In his study of his characters, however, dal that she wanted to avoid. Out of such iron- there is no morbid curiosity, but a scientific spirit ical material does Schnitzler make his best of investigation, and this impersonal point of technical device. With him, however, these view broadens and raises up all his work. In the turns in the action are not theatrical tricks, nor hands of most European playwrights his farce of is he intentionally cruel to his characters. moral hypocrisy, "Literature," with its shrewd Before he is stylist, before he is technician, hits at the proverbial artistic temperament, would Schnitzler is a specialist in psychology. His be nothing more than a naughty joke; but he specialist's point of view is at once his strength makes it an ironical satire. His imitators are and his weakness. often Peeping Toms: Schnitzler is always the WILLIAMS HAYNES. examining physician. Nor must we forget that he is a Viennese, deftly clever and gaily cynical, glorying in the worldly wisdom of that most The Spanking of Transcendentalist sophisticated of capitals. No modern playwright Egotism owes more to his environment and training than does Arthur Schnitzler. EGOTISM IN GERMAN PHILOSOPHY. By George Praise has been lavished upon Schnitzler's Santayana. (J. M. Dent & Sons; $1.) adroit dramatic craftsmanship, but the artistry Egotism, says Mr. Santayana, is "subjectivity of his one-act plays rests upon firmer foundations in thought and wilfulness in morals.” It regards than a clever choice of words, an impressively life as a continuous soliloquy, a rhapsody of dis- naturalistic manner, and a mastery of technique. course; it is marked by a craving for adventure, The finest effects in his dialogue are due to his an incapacity to learn, a dependence on magic. uncanny skill in following the quick turns and It refuses to pass beyond the relativity of the sudden jumps that the mind makes during con- human mind: for it nothing exists but itself. versation. His people are “always coming out It is for that reason idealistic, but not concerned with the most unexpected things," and often they with ideals, and progress is for it nothing but think ahead over two or three speeches that a less "the vital joy of transition." Obviously such a discerning dramatist would laboriously record. way of thinking cannot be sincere; in one or an- The scenes between the two runaways in “The other it must acknowledge and defer to the real- Festival of Bacchus” and between Margaret and ities it denies. It has, hence, an inner duplicity, her old lover in "Literature" are full of examples and all its terms are ambiguous. of these qualities, qualities that give Schnitzler's The effect of such a way of thinking on the dialogue vivid naturalness and brilliancy. His German people is to restore them to a primitive fine dialogue is even surpassed by his technical and pathetic heathenism, and to inure them skill, and yet in some of his short plays there is to a ludicrous arrogance. They are by nature an obviousness in exposition that is quite unex- "simple, honest, kindly, easily pleased. There is pected. His technical forte is the light handling no latent irony of disbelief in their souls. The of the new and unexpected twists to the action, pleasures of sense, plain and copious, they enjoy and one can never be certain how the shortest hugely, long labor does not exasperate them, sci- scene will end. In that study of disillusionment, ence fills them with satisfaction, music entrances "His Helpmate," Professor Pilgram buries his them. There ought to be no happier or more wife knowing that she has been unfaithful to innocent nation in this world. Unfortunately, him; and he welcomes her lover, prepared to their very goodness and simplicity render them sympathize with a loss keener than his own, only helpless; they are what they are dragooned to be. to discover that the lover is already engaged to There is no social or intellectual disease to which, another woman. He orders him out, denouncing in spots, they do not succumb, as to an epidemic : him as the faithless betrayer of his wife, only to their philosophy is an example of this.' learn that she had known of the engagement and And their philosophy is a work having genius accepted it as a matter of course. In “The Hour precisely because it pierces back through civiliza- of Recognition,” Dr. Eckold has for fifteen years tion and history, through all the accumulated -- - 1 - 1 1917] THE DIAL 65 wisdom of tradition and experience to the blind, the incisiveness, and the cruelty of this remark- primitive instinct, impulse, and imagination able book. Surveying as it does in a few pages which are the aboriginal animal stuff of all hu- the whole growth of historic German thought, it man life. This it glorifies and exalts and in this cannot help, in spite of the evident rightness of glorification and exaltation its heathenism con- its central theses, working injustice by omissions sists. For to be heathen is to be without "author- and dogmatic assertions, such as are surprising itative wisdom," to be without a book or chart of from a writer usually so just and urbane as Mr. life, to remain untaught of experience. Heathen- Santayana. The work is really too sketchy and ism is a "religion of will, the faith which life has too abstract and its tone too biting and passion- in itself because it is life, and in its aims because ate to carry the conviction that is due the truths it it is pursuing them." The animals are heathen: expresses. These qualities make the truths seem German philosophy and Germanism are heathen. even less than half-truths and the book partisan. From Luther to Schopenhauer and from Goethe It should be supplemented with John Dewey's to Nietzsche they are heathen. Their essence is "German Philosophy and the War." The two animal egotism turned into a dogma, hypostatized together will give a fairly adequate idea of the as a mission. In substance, the doctrine of the influence of philosophic thinking on the motives German mission is Protestant theology rational- and institutions of men. ized. Individuals give way in it to institutions H. M. KALLEN. and nations: so the German people are declared by Fichte and Hegel to be the chosen people of Providence. Supernatural personages give way to hypostatized social facts; Biblical piety is Rediscovery and Romance secularized and consecrates social and patriotic LIMEHOUSE Nights: Tales of Chinatown. Ву zeal. God becomes vital energy; freedom, per- Thomas Burke. (London: Grant Richards; 6s.) sonality; immortality, social progress. Every- Nights in Town: A London Autobiography. By thing goes by two names: one its "real,” or Thomas Burke. (London: Allen & Unwin; 7s.) transcendental, the other its relative manifesta- The two substantial books of tales and tion. Consequence: "the transcendental theory sketches of London which Mr. Thomas Burke of a world merely imagined by the ego, and the has collected and published since the war began will that deems itself absolute, are certainly des- are of a stuff which the world may find out- perate delusions; but not more desperate or de- moded in the unhappy years to come. They are luded than many another system that millions books which might have become only items in the have been brought to accept. The thing bears "new literature" of the century's second decade all the marks of a new religion. The fact that had the revolution of war not prevented, for Mr. the established religions of Germany are still Burke is not only one of those who rediscovered forms of Christianity may obscure the explicit and heathen character of the new faith; it passes romance; he is also of those who taste to the full for a somewhat faded speculation, or for the the romance of their own rediscovery. creed of a few extremists, when in reality it Some fifteen tales of Limehouse, the Chinese dominates the judgment and conduct of the quarter of London in "the thunderous shadows nation. No religious tyranny could be more com- of the great Dock," and some twenty sketches plete. It has its prophets in the great philoso- of London complete Mr. Burke's present contri- phers and historians of the last century; its high bution. To write about Chinatown is a repor- priests and Pharisees in the government and the ter's holiday; to write about London, giving professors; its faithful flock in the disciplined yourself no limitations but that of the mystic mass of the nation; its heretics in the socialists; city itself, and to write with love and care and its dupes in the Catholics and the liberals, to beauty, is a hard and bitter labor, no matter what both of whom the national creed, if they un- talents you may have. Mr. Burke's pass- derstood it, would be an abomination; it has its ing repute comes from the tales of terror which martyrs now by the million, and its victims the libraries were compelled to bar from their among unbelievers are even more numerous, for shelves; but to those who have some respect for its victims, in some degree, are all men." the English tongue and for whom Walter Pater The passages just transcribed and the other has not lived in vain, Mr. Burke will always passages cited hardly do justice to the brilliancy, possess an attraction because he has written well 66 [July 19 THE DIAL his slight sketches of London life. In both of Machen, the unknown master of the artistic tale these books one hears the cry of a great joy. of terror, probably returns Mr. Burke's evident At the age of ten the author was taken with the admiration. One suggests these names to convey faring beauty of a fried-fish shop, throwing a a bit more clearly the quality of Mr. Burke's warm light and a glamour over the dusky pave- stories; that is all. ment of a London slum; and since then he has Strange and terrible stories, one hesitates to been passing from discovery to discovery, rejoic- retell them, not because it would be unjust, for ing that these things, these common and tawdry these are good stories and the outline of a good things, are still in existence for him to discover tale will always bear repetition. But they are again. He knows well that they were revealed about things we are none of us too anxious to long since, but he makes fresh starts and every- name, and which Mr. Burke makes tolerable only thing is new and beautiful to him. by the flooding beauty of his telling and the Because everything is strange to him, Mr. human kindness of his spirit. He knows at least Burke never quite succeeds in his tales of China- that one must not call down the gods of terror town. He writes of Limehouse as Pierre Loti without praying softly to the gods of pity. I take writes of Annam and of Iceland, with the heart one tale, an artist's story of those famous Sidney of a wanderer who will not be consoled for his Street murders in which the world was once separation from home. Lust and wildness, absorbed, those murderers for whose capture the cruelty, perversion and madness, things unclean soldiery of England was called out, against whom to the white man's heart, make up the themes of a street became a barricade and a funeral pyre. his stories. He has continually to drive his Mr. Burke calls it “Beryl, the Croucher and the plots with little daggers of exaggeration because Rest of England.” He starts you with the he is always impressed with the uncommonness Croucher, a slugging prize-fighter, and Beryl, of the people of whom he writes. Will it be the girl whom he buys in a fit of drunkenness. the story of a burglar's wife who tries to betray He tells you how the Croucher's father broke her husband to the police so that she may be free in upon their assignation with the news that he to love his accomplice, or the story of a girl who had killed a man, and how the Croucher, putting loses caste by going with a Chinaman in order to lust aside, makes a barricade in the procurer's pay her mother's funeral expenses? The reality room and fights to the end. But what an end of his events does not satisfy the author; he must when, days later, he rushes from the burning try to be convincing by a turn of the plot, so room into Beryl's arms. "There was talk, that we get the ten-cent magazine type of sud- curious talk, the talk of a woman of thirty to den and perverse dénouement. It is not the hus- the man of her life, monstrous to hear from a band but the lover who is killed by the police; child to a boy of nineteen. There were em- the girl gets her revenge by a neat trick, revealed. braces, garrulous silences, kisses, fears and trem- in the last line of the story. blings. In those moments the Croucher awoke These "Limehouse Nights" appeared in three to a sense of the bigness of things. He became of the most interesting periodicals of England: enveloped in something a kind of “The English Review," "Colour,” and “The well the situation and, oh, everything. The New Witness," and I can hardly imagine the murder, the siege, all London waiting for him, editor of any one of them insisting that Mr. and that sort of thing. It gave him a new emo- Burke get more punch or pep into his work. I tion; he felt proud and clean all through. He am afraid he is really to blame for his shortcom- felt, in his own phrase, like as though he was ings. going to find something he had been hunting for He is certainly to be credited with his good years and forgotten. One would like to know things, because he seems a writer with no deriva- more, perhaps, for it might help us to live, and tions. Ambrose Bierce might have written some teach us something of pity of these tales, but you cannot trace Burke to There are other stories, some too terrible for Bierce, because you are in the presence of a sin- thought, some cheaply startling, one, at least, gularly powerful inspiration with which literary lovely and lyrical. Yet if Mr. Burke had writ- affinities have very little to do. Mr. Arthur ten only these stories justice could only say of . . 1917] 67 THE DIAL man- him that he wrote stories which, in the eyes of show-places of London; he had his little shrine English critics, were as good as the stories they elsewhere, in Seven Sisters Road, in Marylebone, imported from America. Our reputation for in Walthamstow or Wormwood Scrubs, far be- short-story telling is as marked here as our repu- yond the sound of the bells which make him a tation for telling tall stories. Mr. Burke's au- Cockney in all accuracy, but part of London none thority comes not from the not from the rediscovery of the less. Wilde wrote once of a great man's Chinatown; that lay waiting for his step. "shrill cockney cry of delight in discovering comes from the rediscovery of London. Italy," and rightly, because there were wonders "It is the Call not only of London, but of more fair in London town. To these wonders Beauty, of Life. Beauty calls in many voices; the new Cockney comes, crying softly and in but to me and to six million others she calls in a likable voice. He has discovered that his home the voice of Cockaigne, and it shall go hard with is a place of strange enchantments; he is always any man who hears the Call and does not an- finding his way to Paradise by way of Clapham swer.” So Mr. Burke pronounces Cockney. Green. Because it is the call of beauty he can never be a The Cockney remains in Mr. Burke. Else slummer; because it is the call of life he can never he might have become a super-guidebook, in the be a reformer. Here, in a book which traverses manner of E. V. Lucas. The Cockney demands the fastnesses of conventionality in Bayswater, population; take Mr. Burke away from human the open streets of hospitality, the commons of beings and he is lost; he will write you all sudden friendship, and the mews and alleys of ner of lovely things about the luminous streets, equally sudden violence, Mr. Burke discloses but it will not last. His ear will hear an organ himself. He writes of his early life, the disasters grinding out "Let's all go down the Strand" and of a Fleet Street apprenticeship, and one under- you cannot keep him from beating time. Then stands why he has no harsh words for the beastly he will go down the Strand and swear softly at and the low. He has too often partaken of their the despoilers of its Sunday joys. bread and salt. But his precious purity of vision He writes about everything that is human and lies in his abnormal ability to write with love he is satisfied with humanity as subject-matter. and friendship of those whom our novelists are I am sure that he has been called a stark realist, pointedly ignoring, or only dragging forward but since realist has come to mean one who hates into shame and ridicule. I mean the real middle humanity enough to lie about it, the name will classes those whom Dante rejected and whom not pass. Mr. Burke is, I fear, out of class, be- Dickens folded to his heart; those who make cause the category for him was just being elab- neither great affirmations nor heroic rejections, orated when the war broke out. He would be but live in placid gentleness, Philistine but not with those who have passed through the gray tyrannical, with the good heart and a mind kept days of pessimism and hatred and even through in its proper place. He will take his Aing at the soppy days of pity for everything human and Kensington, "touched with the temper of last divine. He would have been a cheerful compan- night's soda-water" because "there are no girlsion for the writers who are looking with clear and no women; they are all young ladies.” The eyes on the world they have discovered for them- gilded haunts of virtue cannot appeal to him. selves and who know that the essence of romance But he will go to Clapham, where mothers keep is that all things are new. We saw the faint watchful eyes on daughters, and to a whist-drive beginnings of this romance in such a book as at Surbiton and call these happy nights. “Carnival," and I fear we have seen its end. The wanderings take him to the Scandinavian Our novelists may love the world after the quarter and to the Ghetto, to the black Isle of war; but it is questionable whether the world Dogs with its workers, and to Hoxton where will have time to return the affection for many gangs of bashers were wont to play with the years. Possibly Mr. Burke's books, at once vig- police. Round the halls or to the promenade orous and wanton, may be respected afterward; concerts, into Soho with its restaurants from one fears only that they will be found a little France and Italy. But wherever he is, the Cock- purposeless, a little lacking in social direction. ney remains, rejoicing in his great domain. The It is that lack, of course, which makes them so Cockney for whom “Tipperary” was false in one attractive. For, it may be mentioned, these are thing: "Good-by Piccadilly, farewell Leicester wonderfully good things to read. Square." Little did the Cockney care about these GILBERT VIVIAN SELDES. 68 [July 19 THE DIAL AND THEIR BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS Count de Souza is, however, a thorough parti- san, and his book will not be agreeable reading The RUHLEBEN PRISON CAMP. By Israel for adherents of Germany. As his title indicates, Cohen. Dodd, Mead; $2.50. he believes that Germany has been fighting a losing Mr. Cohen's book is a substantial and inter- cause since the Marne. He looks upon all her esting contribution to the already vast literature subsequent acts as those of a fighter who has been of the present war. It is an absorbing story of put upon the defensive. As in the earlier volumes, life in a great concentration camp in which more he pictures Marshal Joffre as the outstanding than 4000 British civilians were interned by the military figure of the war—the true master of German government soon after the outbreak of grand strategy. He makes clear to the reader that the war. The author is an English Jew, who was Germany was not set to capture Paris or Warsaw, a newspaper correspondent in Germany at the but to crush the French and Russian armies, neither beginning of the war. Arrested for no other rea- of which results she was able to attain. He son than that he was an alien enemy, he was im- therefore minimizes the importance of the great prisoned three different times in the city jail of Russian campaign of 1915, and argues that in the Berlin and finally interned in the concentration fundamental sense it was a failure for Germany, camp for civilians at Ruhleben, where he was con- or at most a barren victory. He keeps forever fined for nineteen months. in mind the essential fact that delay is fatal to His story is a recital of hardships, of brutality, the German cause, and that her whole strategic and of despair almost without parallel in the his- plan was based upon an early and overwhelming tory of modern warfare. The prison camp was a success. race-course near Berlin, the stalls and lofts of Count de Souza is a special pleader, but no which were converted into barracks into which the follower of the Entente will fail to be thrilled by prisoners were huddled and jammed like animals. his argument. In closing the present volume with Without the most ordinary comforts, insufficiently a description of the Battle of Verdun, he again sets fed and warmed, without adequate bathing facil- in the foreground the great figure of the patient ities, without proper medical attendance, denied all Joffre, strategic genius, conserver of his men, un- newspapers except a cheap Berlin sheet, forbidden shakable believer in that nibbling policy by which, to see their wives and children for the first seven- in the author's opinion, the downfall of the Ger- teen months after the opening of the camp, limited man military power is to be achieved. in their postal privileges to the writing of one short letter each week, subjected to the most rigorous THE BRONTËS CIRCLE. Ву military discipline, severely punished for triling in- Clement Shorter. Dutton; 50 cts. fractions of the prison regulations, their physical Mr. Shorter's large book is here brought out suffering and mental torture was indescribable. in the convenient "Wayfarer's Library." Though The privilege of engaging in sports having been the size and print are smaller, nothing is omitted. tardily wrung from the camp authorities upon pay- In running through the book, the reader feels ment of 2400 marks per year for the use of the again how great is his debt to Mr. Shorter for inner half of the race-course, the prisoners found these new Brontë letters—letters which reveal so a means of relieving in some measure the deadly much of the three sisters, especially Charlotte. monotony of their daily life. Societies of various Aside from the letters, however, the book is not kinds, literary, artistic, social, professional, and particularly valuable. Mr. Shorter does not suf- athletic, were formed; educational classes were or- ficiently unify the story; nor are the conclusions he ganized; concerts, plays, and lectures were staged draws always trustworthy. For instance, he denies and a variety of similar expedients adopted to dis- that Charlotte had any particularly warm feeling tract their minds from constant brooding. The for M. Heger, whereas both the letters and the whole story is told dispassionately and with a charm novels are direct witness that the author of Jane of manner and power of description that make the Eyre suffered from unrequited affection. It can recital one of the most vivid and fascinating chap- hardly be denied that the tang of reality in her ters yet written in the history of the great war. stories is attributable to her sufferings. On the other hand, it is presumptuous to assume that GERMANY IN DEFeat. By Count Charles de the love was a guilty one; it seems rather to have Souza. Dutton; $2. been the fixed idea of a strong feminine mind fas- The author of these convenient volumes has cinated by a virile personality. The editor draws succeeded in doing an admirable thing. A soldier other conclusions that are not altogether justifi- himself, and interested in the larger strategic as- able, but one is grateful for his patience in fer- pects of the war, he has written a book which will reting out many contributions to the Brontë story. be read with pleasure by the non-military man. He has performed a much-needed service to the The Joyous Art of GARDENING. Ву general reader by bringing order out of the chaos Frances Duncan. Scribner; $1.75. left in most minds by the daily press. Though "The Joyous Art of Gardening” is an alluring he deals with campaigns and victories, and the title. It sounds as if Miss Duncan had discovered mistakes of commanders, he has a clear vision of some royal road to miracles of garden loveliness the relative importance of events, and brings be- and gardener's skill in producing them. Further ex- fore the reader the great stage of war in its true amination discloses that most of Miss Duncan's setting. chapters are matter-of-fact expositions, intended 1917] 69 THE DIAL | I 1 Ву for beginners about to embark on “The Joyous will not down, and it is by no means certain that Adventure of a First Garden.” They treat such the colleges have made more than a start in the prosaic subjects as what and how to plant, how reform which practical men have expected. It to prune shrubs, the possibilities of fences and would be interesting to hear what so skilful a lattices, how to make slips and cuttings, and so on. pleader as Mr. Foster might say on the subject But as there is, after all, no royal road to suc- of adapting colleges more closely than now to the cessful gardening, and as "The Joyous Adventure manifold needs of the time. But it would be of a First Garden,” like other joyous adventures of unfair to imply that this book is not a stimulat- a first baby, a first trip to Europe, and so on, ing one. It carries its points with force, and it is the most wonderful of all garden adventures, is written in a style that is pungent, and at times we consider Miss Duncan's title justified. One brilliant. flaw we find in her book: all the particularly joy- ous pictures show pools, but in the text we find THE TOMB OF SENEBTISI AT Lisht. no mention of water in gardens, except as applied Arthur C. Mace and Herbert E. Winlock. with a hose or a watering-pot. To offset this Metropolitan Museum of Art; paper, $8.; boards, $10. defect—noticeable, perhaps, only to a gardener who happens to be struggling with the problem of a The first publication of the Egyptian expedition suitable pool-it is only fair to call attention to of the Metropolitan Museum is this handsome the delightful first chapter, “In Praise of Garden- quarto volume by the assistant curators of the ing.” “There be delights," Miss Duncan quotes museum's department of Egyptian art. The work from an ancient writer, "that will fetch the day of the expedition was begun in the winter of about from sun to sun and rock the tedious year 1906-07 on the site of the pyramid-field of Lisht, as in a delightful dream"; and she proceeds, with which includes the pyramids of Amenemhat 1 and a contagious enthusiasm, to suggest some of the Senusert 1, of the Twelfth Dynasty, with “royal" “1,000 delights of gardens” that the old-time gar- cemeteries surrounding them. Up to 1915 the den-lover enumerated. Lately Dame Fashion set major part of the work had been upon the northern her devotees to planting sweet peas and roses; end of the site—the pyramid of Amenemhat. The now the war has switched the emphasis to beans results of an important part of the work are and "spuds.” But we must have the flowers too, given in the present volume. Text and drawings, and as the practical result of long and varied ex- photogravures and colored plates present and de- perience, Miss Duncan's garden-guide will stimulate scribe the site and the tomb, the clearing of the interest and furnish valuable information to the tomb, the coffins and canopic box, the jewelry, · garden-adventurer whose high ideal is not size or ceremonial staves, and pottery. Appendixes con- showiness or expensiveness but that far more elu- tain notes on the mummy, by Dr. G. Elliott Smith, sive garden-quality, charm. and an index of names of objects from the painted coffins. Mr. Albert Mo Lythgoe, curator of SHOULD STUDENTS STUDY? By William T. the department of Egyptian art, is general editor Foster. Harper; 50 cts. of the publications of the expedition. The felicitous title of this little book suggests a The Life AND LETTERS OF CHRISTOPHER cleverness of style and a tone of mild irony which PEARSE CRANCH. By Leonora Cranch Scott. run through the whole argument. The author is Houghton Mifflin; $3.50. at odds with many tendencies of college life, and against certain obvious abuses he wields an effec- The reader who is accustomed to think of Chris- tive, if not a weighty, weapon. Many of his hits, topher P. Cranch as a Transcendental poet may too, are palpable ones, and will appeal to college be surprised to find how small a part either Trans- boys themselves; and few of the conclusions can cendentalism or poetry occupies in this “Life and be successfully opposed. The thoughtful reader, Letters.” Trained for the Unitarian ministry and for some years a successful preacher, though never however, after a diverting hour, will lay down the book with a feeling that all has not been said. regularly settled, Cranch became in old age a sort Though it is true, as the author in many ways of cheery agnostic. Transcendentalism marked points out, that students ought to study, it is not one of the stages of thought through which he so certain that they ought always to study what passed. He was all his life devoted to poetry, faculties prescribe; and this large field of argu- as he was to music; but after he abandoned the ment is but lightly touched in Mr. Foster's enter- ministry, painting was his chief occupation. It was taining volume. He gives many figures to prove his love for this art that led him to spend much that students of high scholarship supply the larg- of his time abroad, and his success was recognized in London and Paris as well as in New York and est number of men distinguished in later life, and no one will be surprised at the statistics which show Cambridge. His writings brought him some rep- that, of the low scholarship men, few attain prom- utation and some money. Possibly the reason that inence in later years. they brought no more may be guessed from a letter One cannot help wondering, however, whether which Story wrote him in 1856: “We all know the college curriculum has made a successful that you can do much better if you choose to put search of the aptitudes of all the men who are your energies to work... Don't get lazy over tried by its tests. The business world, for in- it, and think it will do itself. Brace up your fac- stance, has not yet accepted the college. The ulties, and think you touch gold thereby. prejudice of an older day against book-learning I pray you on my knees, oh! Cranch, wake up to 1 70 [July 19 THE DIAL seems this and do it well.” This was apropos of a prose tianity in these terms may save Christianity, which story to follow "The Last of the Huggermuggers, is to-day in a parlous state. Such a rethinking is but it is significant that he never wrote a better a problem in the psychogenesis of belief. To take stanza than the one beginning “Thought is deeper the gospels literally is infantile, as is a child's tak- than all speech," published in the “Dial” about ing Blue Beard literally. Experience teaches us 1840; and that he never fully got over the loose- that Jesus is a symbol, that Christianity is a sym- ness that would let him rhyme “Jehovah” and bol. The meaning of the symbol changes with the “over” in his “Hymn to the Pilgrims” of the same time, the place, and the condition, but it always date. Mrs. Scott tells us that her father's man- designates more or less adequately the innermost uscripts were submitted to George William Curtis, wishes and hopes of men. At first symbol and who “decided that further publication would add meaning are regarded as identical: there is a nothing to the fame of his friend." Strictly speak- "period of spiritualizing the material"; then they ing, Curtis was probably right. With a few ex- are regarded as distinct; a constant reinterpretation ceptions the selections from Cranch's letters, jour- becomes necessary; there ensues a period of ar- nals, and autobiography give no deep insight into tistic "sensualizing of the intellectual and the spir- the heart of the man, and many of them do not itual.” “Even,” hence, “if the historical existence even tell the most significant facts of his life. His of Jesus were disproven, we should have to post- biographer has shown a daughter's partiality in ulate some such person at about this time, place including accounts of travels, which, while pleas- and circumstance." For man craves a symbol for antly written, add little that is worth while. Cranch his "eternal nature," and for this Jesus must stand. to have been a man whose character is His life story must integrate and dignify the strug- best seen as reflected by his friends. By far the gle between what is good and what is evil in man. most valuable part of the book is made up of the His character must be infinitely complex; indeed, letters he received from others. Besides early notes all things to all men, the realization of all ideals, from James Freeman Clarke and Emerson, there the artistic projection of the vital hopes—and lies, are several letters in Lowell's happiest manner, we might add—that severally animate us all and several from the Brownings—in one of which Mrs. are our Bethlehemic stars. Browning gives in detail both her own and her So Mr. Hall, learnedly and interestingly enough, husband's criticisms of one of Cranch's poems- contributing his share to the modern obscurantism and many from W. W. Story and George William that insists on having, in Christianity, the old Curtis. A few, like those of Curtis from Berlin, shadow with a new substance. A candid psychol- are valuable for themselves; but most are of the ogist might be invited to say whether the deference sort that reveal the recipient as well as the author. to this shadow, to Jesus, to Christian myth- The man who could inspire them had a rare nature, ology, and to all the rest, is not itself an infantil- and their publication is a proper and a welcome ism, a survival from the thinker's wishes and fears filial tribute. and prepossessions of childhood. For, we may per- tinently ask, why should the new wine of psy- JESUS, THE CHRIST, IN THE LIGHT OF Psy- chology be poured into just these old bottles of CHOLOGY. By G. Stanley Hall. 2 Vols. Christianity? Is not the back yard of civilization Doubleday, Page; $7.50. littered with old bottles enough? And why, indeed, old bottles? Is there anything in the Freudian The late Josiah Royce, writing about "what is mechanisms to compel the use of old ones? vital in Christianity,” succeeded in making out that what is vital in Christianity is Royceian trans- In sum, Dr. Hall's psychological treatment of cendentalism. Mr. G. Stanley Hall makes out Jesus and Christianity reminds the reviewer of the that what is vital in Christianity is the particular famous summing up of the gospel of the late Modernist movement in the Catholic church : fashion in modern psychology that he most affects. But where Royce turned his trick in a few thou- "there is no God and Mary is his mother." sand words, Mr. Hall takes two ponderous vol- umes to turn his, with the display of erudition, THE BEGINNINGS OF PORCELAIN IN CHINA. neologisms, and liveliness long familiar to readers By Berthold Laufer. Field Museum of Nat- of this voluminous writer. ural History. Mr. Hall thinks that the world is in sad need Dr. Laufer, the curator of anthropology at the of a renovated Christianity. At present this re- Field Museum, occupies a unique place among ligion is out of keeping with the spirit of the times. American scholars. From a sinologue saturated It has undergone the mutations of periods of the- with the ethnological point of view, he has devel- ological, speculative, and historical-philological re- oped into an ethnologist who has indeed chosen thinking, each mode transmuting it to its own China for his special sphere of inquiry but never form. To-day these modes are outgrown: the ceases to regard Chinese civilization in its relations dominant interest of the times is the psychological, to that of surrounding nations and of mankind as and the psychology is the psychology of Freud. a whole. Hardly any of his monographs, however That great investigator of the mind of man in specialized a treatment may be suggested by its severance and aggregation, has shown that reli- title, can be ignored by the student of culture, gion and art are largely symbols which “sublimate" and his latest volume is a veritable treasure-trove and vicariously realize all sorts of underground for the ethnologist, the Orientalist, and the anti- wishes and impulses that the compulsion of ter- quarian. The notion of glazing pottery was de- ranean living represses. The rethinking of Chris- rived by the Chinese from the West through their 1917] 71 THE DIAL relatively late contact with the Greek culture-area ter that most attracts the reader and holds his during the reign of the Han dynasty, and espec- attention. The publishers have given to the text ially that of the Emperor Wu (140-87 B. C.). a setting little short of magnificent,-large type, Original experiments with glazing were under- fifty-four illustrations (six in color), a folding map, taken, and about the middle or close of the third and an ornate binding. century of our era a type of ceramic ware had arisen which agrees absolutely with the later por- PRINCIPLES OF MONEY AND BANKING. By celain in chemical composition but differs in appear- Harold G. Moulton. University of Chicago ance owing to its porosity, which is probably Press; $3. caused by the use of too coarsely ground material. The publication of Professor Moulton's book At last genuine porcelain resulted about the be- affords what is probably the most complete text- ginning of the seventh century as the end product book in this field of economics. The volume, consists of a long-continued series of experiments and im- of "a series of selected materials with explan- provements. It cannot therefore be attributed to atory introductions”; but, as the editor is careful a single inventor but is due to the united efforts of to explain, it is not a book of collateral readings generations; and we have here a striking instance in the ordinary sense, for it is designed “to give of how an alien idea may not only be assimilated the student a breadth of view, a contact with but even come to stimulate creative activity. reality, a stimulus to independent thinking, and Dr. Laufer is wont to interlard his monographs a training in judgment and discrimination which with supererogatory side remarks as illuminating are not afforded by the ordinary text-book.” The as the main discussion, and here he appends a whole purpose of a course in money and banking is not chapter on “The Potter's Wheel.” His point is to furnish the student with predigested informa- that hand-made and wheel-turned pottery belong tion or to compel him to memorize principles; to entirely distinct cultural domains. The latter what is desired is thought and discussion on his cannot be regarded as the natural, let alone neces- part, and the way to secure this desired result, sary, evolutionary derivative of the former. Hand- Professor Moulton argues, is to supply the student made ware is practically always manufactured by not only with the conclusions of economic theorists, women; wheel-turned pottery is always made by but also with the material necessary for the formu- men. Man applied the wheel, a device originally lation by the student (perhaps under the guidance connected with the cart or chariot, to the ceramic of an instructor) of his own conclusions and prin- problem; the origin of the potter's wheel is clearly ciples. For this purpose the volume is admirably revealed by East Indian specimens, where the adapted. The catholicity of selections is shown- spokes are still preserved. It belongs to the com- to cite only one instance—by the fact that A. plex of ideas which ancient China shared with Barton Hepburn is quoted between two excerpts other Asiatic civilizations of hoary antiquity, - from William Jennings Bryan. Continental and with the plough and the ox as representatives of Anglo-American writers, practical bankers, and masculine husbandry as opposed to feminine till- economists are represented. The volume deserves age with the aid of the hoe. The potter's wheel a wider circulation than that of the classroom. is thus not merely of ethnographical significance but is also bound up with one of the most persistent PRINCIPLES OF AMERICAN STATE ADMINISTRA- forms of a sexual division of labor. Dr. Laufer's By John Mabry Mathews. Appleton; paper is thus doubly suggestive in shedding light $2.50. on the psychology of technological progress and in establishing an important sociological correlation. Following the Civil War and the death of state sovereignty, there was a relative decline of inter- est in state government. The national government TEXAS THE MARVELLOUS. By Nevin 0. overshadowed everything, both for the politicians Winter. Page Co.; $3.50. and the students. In recent years the state has To the “See America First" series Mr. Nevin been coming into its own again. It is finding O. Winter adds a spacious volume on the wonders itself, not as a rival of the national government, and beauties, the riches and large possibilities, of but rather as an enlarged municipality. For this the Lone Star State. The history of this common- field the state is more necessary than ever and its wealth has been made so familiar in connection work is constantly increasing. Scholars now recog- with the Mexican War that no additional general nize this fact and are devoting serious study to chronicle of its checkered course was needed; hence the problems of state government. One of the the earlier and historical chapters of the book are latest and most important additions to this field less notable and less distinctive than the later pages is Professor Mathews's work. The author follows depicting the present condition of Texas, its in- the modern trend in dealing with civic questions in dustries and resources, its spirit of progress (espec- that he lays more emphasis on functions than on ially noteworthy is the account of "Pioneering in forms. About two-fifths of the book is devoted to Government Affairs”), and some of the marked the organization of the administration, the rest characteristics of its far from commonplace popula- to the functions which it performs. The hybrid tion. Special studies of "the Hero of San Jacinto," character of our state executive is well brought “Historic San Antonio," the old Spanish missions, out in the chapters on the governor and his powers, life in the early days, ranches and ranching, and the heads of executive departments, and the other Texan topics, are features of the volume. boards and commissions. Naturally, the conclu- It is the enthusiasm animating the descriptive mat- sion reached is that it would be better to have a TION. 72 [July 19 THE DIAL grouping of about a dozen departmental heads, Negeb (Southern Palestine) or of "Haarabw-land" somewhat like our national cabinet. Another con- with the city of Aleppo. In any case, both Mr. clusion is that the separation of powers has been Paton and his typist Mr. Welter are to be com- carried to an absurd extreme. The book is written plimented for their devotion to an arduous task. in clear, non-technical language and should be of use, not only to students of state government, but The RETURN TO Faith. By William North also to delegates who this year and next will be Rice. Abingdon; 75 cts. engaged in drawing up new constitutions. This slim little book, five addresses in all, taking title from the first, contains the very cream of the A SECOND BOOK OF OPERAS. By Henry Ed- whole matter—the apparent disparateness of science ward Krehbiel. Macmillan; $2. and religion, still of vital import despite the pre- As its title indicates, this is a supplement to the occupations of the day. The return to faith is author's earlier work of the same nature. It "con- not presented here as due to any remarkable ver- siders the plots, the music, and the histories of ifications in newly found records, of old traditions, those important operas which were not included in nor to geological evidence that the biblical order his first work," and the two together are supposed of creation, interpreting a "day" as this or that to embrace "practically all the operas that are ever number of thousands of years, is now found scien- presented in the modern theatre." Biblical operas tific, nor to any similar finding of pseudo-scientific and oratorios and recent Italian, German, and abracadabra. The return to faith is due to a be- French productions furnish topics for the bulk of lief in the man Jesus. Theism has not conquered the book, which is of the same useful, easily con- monism. In the second address the author says, sulted sort as its predecessor. A plea is made for "We believe in God to-day because we believe in the further utilization of biblical themes in opera, Jesus Christ." It might do Dr. Rice's thought in- and the biblical operas of Rubinstein, whom the justice to take this out of its context and follow author confesses to have been “the strongest per- it through all its negative implications; but cer- sonal influence in music" he has ever felt, receive tainly it shows the method of scientific induction considerable attention. In Italian opera “Pagliacci” beautifully contrasted with the Aristotelian cus- and "Cavalleria" are by this time comparatively tom of starting with an assumed universal affirma- old acquaintances, as is also “Madama Butterfly”; tive. In assigning to Jesus this demonstrative but it is handy to have these with other and less importance Dr. Rice is not unique by any means; familiar pieces all treated in Mr. Krehbiel's in- he merely represents the higher religious convic- structive and entertaining manner. As in his earlier tions of most liberal Christians. But his book is work, the free expression of his own preferences remarkable for the unconditional and intelligent and aversions contributes to the enjoyment of the acceptance of science with all its implications. book. Portraits of composers and performers There is no string either to his science or to his abound, and there are a few facsimiles of auto- religion. graph scores. SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT. By George R. Davies. EGYPTIAN RECORDS OF TRAVEL IN WESTERN McClurg; 50 cts. Asia. Edited by David Paton. Vol. II. The long and not wholly academic discussion Princeton University Press; $7.50. of the relative merits of heredity and environment The period of Egypt's greatest prestige abroad, as formative factors finds a new presentation in the XVIII Dynasty (1580-1350 B. C.), is made to this brief volume. It is interesting to note that speak for itself in the second volume of "Egyptian popular thinking generally accepts the biological Records of Travel in Western Asia.” The aged view of character formation, but our author takes grandee Amenemheb may be heard telling how he the more recent and sophisticated view that char- "cut off the hand (trunk?)” of a huge elephant acter, in its social aspects at least, is mainly the when danger threatened his lord Thutmose III in result of environmental influences. While giving due the Euphrates country, Or one may read in a weight to hereditary factors, especially in relation slightly later folk-tale how Thuti, a general of the to our purely physical traits, he devotes his space same king, captured Joppa by an Ali Baba trick. mainly to illustrating the influence of the various Thutmose's own extensive Annals of his Asiatic environmental formative factors in building up campaigns are to form volume III. The introduc- acquired characters through the learning process. tion of page numbers supplies awkward Mental and moral characters, apparently, always deficiency of the first volume, especially when con- have a large element of learned adjustments in sidered as a reference work. For this function the them, even though they are built upon native or series is richly equipped with a thorough bibliog- instinctive reactions as bases. The forces which raphy. But the sign-by-sign collations are useless make great men and great peoples are quite as without Erman's "Aegyptische Grammatik," which much environmental or social as they are hereditary none but the specialist would possess; and the or biological. The science of eugenics (and eu- author's previous disavowal of any claims to inde- thenics) must come to depend more and more upon pendent authority prepares one for various misun- the sciences of environment, even though the laws derstandings in the transliteration and translation of heredity cannot be disregarded or neglected. of the texts. The absence of explanatory notes on Hitherto there has been a dearth of literature em- the geographical terms assembled in the final col- phasizing environmental forces in society. This umn is unfortunate, for the reader may not suspect little book should be welcome for its contribu- the identity of "Ngbba," for example, with the tion to that neglected field. an 1917] 73 THE DIAL NOTES ON NEW FICTION character of Rosalind, who guarded and guided the quartet of Chelsea musicians in their progress. If you were an internationally notorious gambler The whole group is well sketched and we should and an assiduous district attorney shut up your have preferred following their adventures rather "place" and practically exiled you from New York, than turning to the sordid, pathetic little tragedy what would you do? Let it be understood that to which the story finally devotes its course. the press has snapped you until an alibi is im- “Bab, A Sub-Deb," by Mary Roberts Rinehart possible, save temporarily in the remotest quarters (Doran; $1.40), is the story of a girl of seventeen of the earth. Let it be further understood that who has successive affairs of the heart with a you are a gentleman,-self-made, to be sure,-but matinée idol, a married playwright, a youth of her absolutely "on the square,” with better manners own age, and even with an imaginary hero. This than the district attorney, a nicer taste in first is padded, of course, with the usual Rinehart brand editions than the eminent New York lawyer who of comedy, a brand which is as amusing in its way has long received generous payment for protecting as the after-dinner talk of a care-free group of your business, and a higher sense of honor than high-school girls. most of your wealthy and respectable ex-patrons. The things that pleased us in "The Dark Tow- Granted further that you are middle-aged and a er" were its economy of utterance and its sim- bibliophile, but a sociable and active one, with no ple relation of a story whose characters made its intimate friends out of New York save the one telling worth while. In the collection entitled, faithful, enigmatical valet who insists on being in- “The Derelict” (Century; $1.35), the only story cluded in the adventures of your “retirement”; that is really worth the reader's attention-judged and, finally, let it be fully understood that your by Phyllis Bottome's own standard of work—is the private character has been so subordinated to your title piece. This is a "strong" tale of the moral public career that no respectable citizen, however victory over a good English woman of a woman fair-minded, wishes to associate with you. whom the world termed anything but good. Its These are the novel and amusing problems that telling, however, is somewhat marred by an af- Mr. Gordon Hall Gerould sets himself to solve fected epigrammatism. There is nothing profound in "Peter Sanders, Retired”. (Scribner's; $1.50), about “The Derelict,” but it serves. Less can be a tale that is gay without vapidity and adventurous said for the other stories; the reader's enjoyment without sensationalism. Thoroughly to enjoy it, of them will probably be proportionate to his tol- one should know that Mr. Gerould is a college eration of average magazine fiction. professor; his interest in ex-gamblers gains pi- In “The Cinema Murder” (Little, Brown; quancy from this fact. His stories-some of the $1.35) E. Phillips Oppenheim leaves world politics episodes of Peter Sanders's career have come out and intrigue for a time and devotes himself to a in the magazines—are apparently the fruits of his mystery story. Curiously enough, both his story leisure hours. Unlike the tired business man, who and "The Man in Evening Clothes,” by John Reed will consider "Peter Sanders" too analytical for his Scott (Putnam's; $1.50), suggest that it does not taste, Professor Gerould finds thinking a delight, pay to be too good in this world. The outcome of even at the end of a jaded day; planning the re- the stories justifies the heroes in their departure tirement of Peter Sanders has evidently been a from rectitude. In Mr. Oppenheim's book a truly recreative adventure. The book is as gay starving playwright commits murder, or intends to, and sparkling as a trout-stream, as piquant as a and robs his victim, and from that time dates the spring salad, with the "snap" of a well-driven material success of his life. In Mr. Scott's book golf-ball, and the zest that goes with the energy the hero is one of those gentlemen-thieves who one puts into good play-or good work. We have rob their friends and acquaintances, but finally re- said that the tired business man may find it be- form and win the lady's heart. The lot varies yond him, but let that not be interpreted to mean from type in that our thief is puzzled by the opera- that the book suffers from a surplus of academic tions of another member of his profession. Both atmosphere. Mr. Gerould may be academic at stories are told with the proper amount of sus- times, but not when he is having fun with Peter pense and the proper number of surprises. Sanders, ex-gambler. That "Dawson ain't no place fer a woman,” we The sublime and the ridiculous, the depressing agreed heartily with Tim Meadows after a peru- and the appealing, when mingled together and sal of “Kleath," by Madge Macbeth (Small, May- treated with a strong dash of humor, form a sub- nard; $1.35). How realistically the author writes stance difficult of analysis. So it is in “April of the Klondike during the gold rush, we have no Folly," by St. John Lucas (Dutton; $1.50). The means of determining. Her tale is mingled of novel is one of those second-rate English works, humor, pathos, and sensationalism, with an unbe- which, had it come from an American pen, would coming leaning toward dare-deviltry. It carries have been hailed as a masterpiece. It is, in fact, a certain air of conviction and will serve for read- an extremely interesting piece of fiction—a first- ers whose imaginations accept the printed page as rate analysis of calf love in London Bohemia. The probable truth. only difficulty lies in the comparative slimness of "Enchantment," by E. Temple Thurston (Apple- the subject; it does not draw out the novelist's re- ton; $1.50), though likewise melodramatic from sources. What really interests us in the book, and cover to cover, is immeasurably better because of what the author finally abandons for matters that its charming style and interesting characterizations. he apparently considers more important, is the Here the persons really have life and individuality 7+ [July 19 THE DIAL and do not merely perform such actions as the of String" is "Two Friends"-already probably author wishes. The scene is laid in Ireland. The known to most casual readers of Maupassant. But plot shows us a man bargaining with a priest, prom- the new volume is worth having, though it can ising to send his daughter to a nunnery if he breaks never cause quite the same thrill as its earlier his pledge not to drink. The hero is the romantic namesake. (Harper; $1.25.) son of a smuggler, and when the oath is broken, "Where Runs the River?" by Henrietta Leslie he asserts himself and steals the daughter away (Dutton; $1.50), parallels the episodes, particu- from the nuns. It is a tale for all those who larly the love episodes, of a girl's life with a river "would not give a chapter of old Dumas for the in its different parts: the rill, the river proper, whole boiling of the Zolas." the marsh, the sea. When the story opens the girl The village type of story appears to be coming is leading a simple life among the mountains, but into vogue, together with a recrudescence of fiction as the successive episodes invariably end sadly, life of a historical turn. “Dominie Dean," by Ellis itself constantly compels her to seek activity in Parker Butler (Revell; $1.35), is quite up to date new fields, and she finally takes up social work in these particulars, relating as it does the life of in London. The girl's character is developed not a young preacher in a Mississippi town during the only by the various environments but also by the Civil War. There is more than a touch of Mark different men with whom she falls in love: the Twain in its composition, without the spark that dilettante who plays with her; the unconsciously vitalizes Twain's narrative. selfish man who uses her; the consciously selfish one “Pamela,” warmed up in the French fashion and who marries her and with whom she stagnates boiled down to one-fourth of its traditional length mentally; and, finally, the man who both gives and —such is the formula applied in “Bindweed,” by takes unselfishly and with whom she reaches the Gabrielle Vallings (Dodd, Mead; $1.50). Possess- consummation of her life. All these characters ing all the conventional characters—the villain- are clearly and most interestingly differentiated. hero, the ingénue, the other charmer, and the noble The whole story, in short, is a most charming friend—the plot of this novel is probably aided idyll. in modern effectiveness by its setting in the operatic "When the Sun Stood Still,” by Cyrus Town- world of Paris. The book promises no great dis- send Brady (Revell; $1.35), retells the biblical traction for those readers who care to have their story of Joshua and his taking of the city of authors look upon life neither through a rose- nor Jericho and his later conquest of the Canaanites. a yellow-tinted medium. The chief figures in the tale are a young man The original "Odd Number,” a collection of in Joshua's camp, a woman among the Canaanites thirteen tales with introduction by Henry James, who is ready to accept Jehovah as her God, and gave many American and English readers their Joshua himself. The love story, the narrow escapes first introduction to Maupassant, and has long been of the lovers, and the military exploits of Joshua one of the most familiar collections of short stories. are given fine dramatic telling. Mr. Brady is in “The Second Odd Number," with introduction by possession of just the style suitable for the relation Mr. William Dean Howells, is bound to arouse of such a novel. considerable expectations and to cause some disap- "McAllister's Grove," by Marion Hill (Apple- pointment. The similarity in name and in outward ton; $1.40), is to be recommended to those who form invite comparison with the earlier collection, want a pleasant story concerning pleasant people. and it is hardly to be expected that even so prolific To be sure, there is nothing new in the plot, which an artist as Maupassant could produce twenty-six concerns the fortunes of a young woman who tales all of which are as good as his best thirteen. yields to the enthusiastic optimism of a Florida Three or four of those now given—“The Jewels," land agent, only to find herself mistress of a run- “Grave-Walkers,” “Passion,” perhaps “Decorated" down orange grove. Finding a likable heroine in -may have been excluded from the earlier list such a predicament, the reader knows that she because of the greater reluctance to deal frankly will make an uphill fight which will end success- with sex matters, but most of them were probably fully, if not romantically. Nor will the reader omitted for other reasons as well. “The Jewels," be disappointed; rather will he find an unusually it is true, presents a situation as striking and as well-written story which does not put too heavy tragic as that of “The Necklace,” and offers even a strain upon his credulity and which has a vivid more opportunity for psychological analysis; but it charm by way of local color and much genuine is far below the author's best in finish and perfec- humor. tion of form. "Grave-Walkers" is more artistic- If, with the rising temperature, one is willing ally wrought, and the taint of unpleasantness in to abandon consideration of probability and im- the subject is saved from offensiveness by the bit probability and to accept the premises of summer of psychological observation at the end. “Tony," reading uncritically, much enjoyment may be found which for some reason is given the place of honor, in following the adventures of a noble gentleman abounds in sheer physical realism, and is too much in the guise of a burglar playing hide-and-seek with for Mr. Howells, whom it moves to say of Mau- Life in the cool green world of his country estate. passant's occasional “brutality" that “its grossness Such is the fantastic fancy which Francis Perry bedaubs the author and comes off on the reader, Elliott is pleased to evolve in “Lend Me Your without verifying the fact presented.” Perhaps the Name!” (Reilly & Britton; $1.25.) The au- tale that in proportion and restraint comes nearest thor has a knack of characterization and a very to "The Necklace," "The Coward," and "A Piece pleasant feeling for summer romance in the open. 1917] 75 THE DIAL a : CASUAL COMMENT "we shall have to look to America for the growth of the English language": to an America en- WILLIAM WINTER was quite the most pro- cumbered, by implication, with small Latin and lific and tireless of our dramatic critics. He began less Greek. A new spirit here, however ex- with a fine zeal, and he had the rare luck, as men pressed: one that America should meet not with go, of finding that zeal sufficient to last out a life- time. He had a great many admirable qualities, ing," but as an earnest of the future coöperation, slang, nor Aippancy, nor breezy "language-sling- chief among which was an inflexible honesty. A man of downright personality and strongly the two countries for many years to come. in many directions, which is to subsist between marked style, he attracted followers in many parts of the country, and that tendency to gather adherents and inspire imitators had both THE PERIPATETIC MAGAZINE is over our land. its good and its bad effect on the contemporary "Off again, on again” is its motto. The “Little American stage. The men who felt his influence Review," once of Chicago, has reached New were encouraged to indulge a literary feeling for York by way of San Francisco. "Others," lately of New York (or its vicinage), may be trying words, old-fashioned to be sure, but still literary. To that extent he improved the technical qual- to reach San Francisco, or some other town, by ity of critical journalism. Unfortunately, his way of Chicago. At least Alfred Kreymborg, shortcomings quite matched his virtues. He was its originator, is reported as at Los Angeles. But the kind of man who finds youthful loyalties he looked over the local field a few months ago, sufficient and undergoes no evolution. Essen- and now "Others” hazards a “Chicago Num- tially a hero-worshipper, he found it easier to ber," and announces that other numbers will worship men at a certain distance; hence his come forth from the present headquarters on South Water Street. The first issue here—Vol. absurd devotion to the past, his intolerance of the experiments without which no art can live at 4, No. 1, as regards the whole series-opens with all. His eyes were in the back of his head. In the obligatory poem on the Soul of Chicago, a style and sentiment he was already outmoded in production full of the now requisite violence middle life, and he showed only impatience in and swagger; and the number concludes with a the presence of those characteristic modern plays poem by Mr. Kreymborg himself, on a theme that exact some genuine cerebral response. As a cleverly seized through the open window of the result of his limitations, he failed to speak justly new sanctum. Clark Street bridge and the hen- or intelligently of the most vital work of his coops of South Water Street thus take their time, and for such failure in the critic no amount place at the hither end of tradition, and help of industry and no zeal in recalling the splendors establish a convention for the generations that follow. of the past can compensate. A NEW GROUND FOR ADMITTING AMERICAN THEORY'S SEDUCTIVE CHARM makes fools of COÖPERATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE us all, though not of all at any one time, nor ENGLISH LANGUAGE has been discovered by the of anyone all the time. The beauty of a theory, London “Times.” The point of departure is, until marred by the rude shock of a practical test, is to most of us well-nigh irresistibly lovely. characteristically enough, that important organ- ism the British Empire. A loyal Boer has re- Huxley used to maintain, with a chuckle of marked that the man who really found a proper amusement, that Spencer's conception of a ca- name for this great conglomerate would be per- tastrophe was the disconcerting discovery of one forming a valuable service for its many millions; or more instances tending to upset a plausible and attractive theory. Of theory harshly con- and the “Times" feels that a stronger effort would be required to substitute Commonwealth tradicted by fact the history that is now in the for Empire than to reorganize the Empire's gov- making is unusually full; and it is not the occu- ernment. The difficulty with British nomencla- pants of professorial chairs at Heidelberg or Göttingen or elsewhere in middle-Europe that ture, just now, appears to be that the hand of classical language—shall we say, the hand of have been the only ones to spin theories out of classical philology?-lies heavy on political sci- moonshine. Even so clear a head as Mr. H. G. ence. Complaint is made of the juvenile habit Wells's has not kept itself wholly free from of trying to turn English thought into Greek and the fogs of fallacious reasoning. His latest war Latin prose and to describe English institutions book returns once more to the plausible general- in incongruous classical terms. "Some of our ization that the Germans, as a whole, lack in- pedagogues even cudgel their own and their itiative, and therefore, it is argued, they find pupils' brains to think what words an ancient more congenial to their nature and suited to their Greek would have used to describe a 'U-boat' training the Zeppelin, with its capability of or a 'tank.'” While such an "obsession” lasts, executing large designs through the instrumental- a 76 [July 19 THE DIAL war man. . . a ity of a considerable company obeying one leader, day? His belated comment is by no means lack- than the aeroplane, which is the machine preëm- ing in appreciation of either—though it is the inently fitted for the exercise of individual in- indulgent, rather casual comment of one who was itiative. In other words, according to Mr. established, upon a brace of younger men who Wells, the German was conscious from the be- were yet to become so. The meeting with Keats ginning that "he could not produce aviators to was an unexpected, unconventional one in the meet the Western Europeans; all his social in- public highway, and Coleridge did not learn stincts made him cling to the idea of a great, until afterward the identity of the young man motherly, and almost sow-like bag of wind above who had accosted him, though he felt the him.” Nevertheless two of the three most skil- prophecy of death in Keats's handclasp two years ful and daring Ayers thus far produced by the before the event. “I have seen two sonnets of were “made in Germany"; Boelcke, the his," said Coleridge to Frere, "which I think chief of them all, was most unmistakably a Ger- showed marks of a great genius had he lived. I have also read a poem with a classical name—I The WORK OF EDGAR LEE MASTERS con- forget what”: thus negligently do the Established tinues to be abundantly noticed by the British take the efforts of the Beginner. As for Shelley, press. Critics over there are still trying to place he got on Coleridge's track, but missed him. “He went to Keswick on purpose to see me," says the him, to put him into the right pigeonhole, to "find a name for him.” The London “Times," great Samuel, "and unfortunately fell in with for example, insists that he is not a prose writer Southey instead. There could have been nothing more unfortunate. . I should have laughed and still less a poet. After going through the at his atheism. I could have shown him two hundred and eighty pages of “The Great Valley," the reviewer decides to call him a that I had once been in the same state myself and talker—"a person who utters his ideas in talk I could have guided him through it.” Coleridge without stopping very long to think what he is appears to have thought that Shelley needed saying, primitive and provincial equal guidance through his poetry. He "was a Robert Browning. In the “Times" critic we man of great power as a poet, and could he only have had some notion of order, could you only evidently have a conservative—one who does not relish the "colloquial style” that characterizes so have given him some plane whereon to stand and much of free verse and does not believe that a look down upon his own mind, he would have succeeded. There are flashes of the true spirit to man filled full of matter may quite trust that be met with in his works.” matter to run itself out. Yet there are advan- On the whole, it tages in speaking as one feels and in confidently may be said that Coleridge safeguarded himself letting words "unpack the heart" with a free adequately with posterity, in reference to his two runway. The improvvisatore has many points in younger contemporaries, though his dicta might his favor. Abundance, fluency, momentum-all have been, speaking in modern terms, “differently these count to the good. Carry the contention expressed.” too far the other way, and you begin to blame The PORTRAYAL OF HIGH SOCIETY IN FIC- a Sorolla for not being a Meissonier, a Mas- TION is becoming a more exacting problem, and cagni for not being a Humperdinck. Each man's that exceptional publication, “Vogue,” gives the expression according to his gifts. There will be matter its attention. "There is usually something debits as well as credits, but the balance in the a trifle nauseating," it says, “in the attempt to end is likely to be on the right side. display the upper circles of Philadelphia, Boston and Chicago. That is the pronouncement, and NEW GLIMPSES OF THREE GREAT POETS are no word of explanation follows. We are not given in the “Cornhill.” The poignant query, told why there is something nauseating in the de- “Ah, did you once see Shelley plain, And did he piction of the upper circles of Philadelphia, Bos- stop and speak to you?” must, if put to Coler- ton, and Chicago, nor why it should be more idge, be answered in the negative, for reasons discomforting than an attempt to depict the upper given below; but if “Keats” be substituted for circles of New York, a town which seems specifi- "Shelley” the answer becomes a picturesque cally exempted. cally exempted. One can but grope. Is it be- affirmative. Fresh light on the relations between cause the three cities designated have really no the three is yielded by a new "Talk with Coler- upper circles? Or is it because they possess no idge," set down by John Frere in 1830 and but authors capable of depicting them? Or is it now transferred from manuscript to type. What because the procedure of their authors is only a most British critics thought of the two young poor imitation, in manner and spirit, of the au- poets in the '20's of the last century is but too thors who treat New York? Or, finally, is it well and fatally known. What was the attitude because New York is the one American city dge, a sort of literary arbiter of the which has any upper circles to render the “dis- 1917] 77 THE DIAL play” worth while? Probably this latter is the COMMUNICATIONS meaning intended. But if any of these provincial authors can produce a greater degree of nausea THE FAVORITE SON. than several New York ones who are writing (To the Editor of The Dial.) in a New York way on New York material, In The Dial of June 14, Mr. Randolph Bourne the country at large, along with “Vogue,” would remarks of Theodore Dreiser, “There stirs in do well indeed to discountenance them. Why, Dreiser's books a new American quality. It is an authentic attempt to make something artistic out one has but to name—But one can also refrain of the chaotic materials that lie around us in from naming. Better still, one can drop the American life.” True enough, but if those are whole matter; for in these days of grim realities Mr. Bourne's sentiments, why doesn't he compare the display of upper circles, whether attempted Dreiser with Frank Norris, who had the artist's or realized, may very well be dispensed with. vision along with the artist's sureness of tech- nique? Isn't the reason this? Mr. Dreiser's books ap- GLIMPSES OF WARFARE IN THE ALPs are peal to Mr. Bourne because they concern them- given by Mr. E. V. Lucas, who writes about selves altogether with the little wriggling microbe, anything and everything, and whose latest vol- man-picturing his wrigglings, while time and ume deals with Red Cross work among the eternity go marching on. Mr. Norris, on the con- mountains of Italy's northeastern borders. Mr. trary, was interested not only in men, but also in the infinite, wonderful universe around them. Lucas used as an excursion-centre the small pro- “Man perishes, but the wheat goes on." Mr. vincial capital, Udine, close to the present-or Dreiser and Mr. Bourne can see and criticize their shall one say, the former-Italo-Austrian fron- neighbors across the street. Mr. Norris's mind tier. Among prominent Englishmen engaged in could take in a state, a nation, a world, a whole work at this "outpost of mercy”—to fall back on universe. the book's title—are George Trevelyan, the his- ROGER SPRAGUE. torian of Garibaldi, who is at the head of a staff Berkeley, Cal., June 30, 1917. of motor-ambulance drivers, and Dr. Ashby, di- rector of the British School of Archæology, now A KEATS DISCOVERY. a controller of hospital stores and bedding. As (To the Editor of The DIAL.) much too little is known about the campaignings The acquisition of a bundle of unpublished let- of the Italian armies in the Alps, by reason of ters written by John Clare, the Northamptonshire the singular indifference of the governmental au- peasant-poet, to his publishers, Taylor and Hessey, thorities to a "good press," Mr. Lucas's account who, it will be remembered, acted in the same of "the spectacle of the Italian soldiers perform- capacity for Keats, brings to light the most ex- ing astonishing tasks and cheerfully overcoming traordinary association-interest between two con- the most appalling difficulties” should be wel- temporary poets, one great and both unfortunate, that has been recorded in recent years. come. supreme instant Fate seems to have brought her SOME CRITICISM HAS two nearest of kin together. BEEN MADE OF THE In March of 1820, Clare came to London. His EDITORIAL POLICY which has inspired The DIAL to publish recently occasional articles of social poems had already been printed with a preface by his publisher. “There was no limit to the ap- rather than literary character. In explanation plause bestowed upon him," says his biographer, the Publisher wishes to state his conviction that Frederic Martin. “Rossini set his verses to music; a war for democracy is fought as much at home Madame Vestris recited them before crowded au- as on the firing line. Should the end of the pres- diences; William Gifford sang his praises in the ent war see a return to former social conditions, Quarterly Review'; and all the critical journals, the war will have been a ghastly crime. Unless reviews, and magazines of the day were unanimous those at home begin now the creative work of in their admiration of poetical genius coming before clear thinking upon the principles involved, they them in the humble garb of a farm labourer.” It will betray the men who are risking their lives was also the year of “Lamia" and of Keats's de- "in a war for democracy." It is imperative that parture for Italy. But a few months later Keats lay dead in Rome we begin now preparing those social changes and Clare's popularity had so far subsided that which will be the foundations of a permanent he wrote to James Montgomery, “My New Poems peace. Those changes cannot be made overnight, do not sell, Taylor tells me, and so I must either nor can their consideration be deferred until the do better or do nothing. I expect the rage for conclusion of a victorious peace. In publishing novels being predominant is as much the cause as articles bearing directly upon the crisis, The anything, and I hope a better time, if not a better taste, is to follow thereafter-but I dare not ques- DIAL is acting upon the presumption that those tion that.” Apparently, the rage for fiction con- who enjoy literature are not adverse to doing tinued long in the ascendant, for in 1837 Clare was their bit of thinking. led half starved and wholly insane to the county 9) For a 78 (July 19 THE DIAL He was madhouse at Northampton, where there commenced Nation." After his retirement from the Indian an oblivion for the poet that lasted to his death in Civil Service he lived in London. I had the priv- 1864. It is recorded that he "wrote occasionally ilege of meeting him there in his last days. to his son Charles, but appears never to have been an Olympian old man. I remember his speaking visited by either relatives or friends. The neglect of the introduction of exotic metres into English of his wife and children is inexplicable." And yet poetry: Browning, he said, had used Arabic metres it was during this period that he contributed his in ‘Abt Vogler" and in “One Word More” al- finest efforts to literature. though he had no knowledge whatever of Arabic Among these documents is a single folio sheet poetry. Goethe, too, in his version of the Serbian torn from the context of an entire letter, bearing ballad, “The Wife of Hassan Aga,” had restored on one side the address, dated June 5, 1820, with the original metre although he knew nothing of Clare's inscription, "Cut round the Seal, Clare,” Slav poetry, and had taken the ballad from an and on the reverse a sprawling postscript comment- Italian translation that gave no hint of the metre ing pathetically on the vicissitudes of his success of the original. Padraic COLUM. with a noble patron—“I forget to mention that I New York, July 10, 1917. yesterday wrote a very strong letter to Sir Thos. Plumer. I am in hopes to receive from him Three pounds, not more. I have had some failures but JAPANESE POETRY. this must necessarily be look'd for. Be- (To the Editor of The DIAL.) low this, in Keats's characteristic and beautiful It is reported that altogether about 37,000 verse- handwriting are the lines 293 and 294 from lets were submitted to the Imperial Court this year “Lamia,” on the subject "Snow on the Distant Mountains.” From Lycius answer'd, as heart-struck and lost Of that grand total over 31,000 succeeded in pass- He sank supine beside the aching ghost. ing the preliminary examination; and out of that which read in the original manuscript (H. Buxton enormous total only seven were selected as suitable Forman's edition)- for the Imperial audience. Those seven had the From Lycius answer'd, as he sunk supine honor of being read in company with the verses Upon the couch where Lamia's beauties pine. edited by the Emperor and the Empress and other It has been conjectured that Keats, visiting his members of the Imperial family. publishers at their place of business, wrote the I shall not attempt to give a literal translation, emendation for the original passage upon the near- but I should like to set down the general idea, of est piece of paper that presented itself, and that the two poems by the Emperor and the Empress. this happened to be (strangely enough) a letter The Emperor's poem was to this effect: "How from Clare, then in London on a visit. “Poor white the snow appears on the summit of Mount Keats !” writes Clare in one of these letters con- Fuji as seen over the pine twigs of the Imperial cerning the preface to his "Village Minstrel," of garden!” The Empress developed the theme that 1821, “I mention his name with reverence and "The glory of the Imperial reign seems as bright regret. As to letting his name stand, do as yr as the snow on the distant mountains over the seas please, but it strikes me that 'except one would of Japan.” Those are sadly prosaic renderings of be more appropriate-not so personal and less fear beautiful, suggestive verses. of being misjudg'd partially as some would call The Empress has been so gracious as to grant it. you know from what quarter I mean." to the Girls' Higher Normal School of Nara a By which it may be concluded that even Clare knew special poem, of which the following crude transla- the pitfalls and pusillanimity of the critical eight- tion from “The Herald of Asia" may at least serve een-twenties. SAMUEL LOVEMAN. to give a general idea: Cleveland, O., July 8, 1917. Hailing the day's light, That rises bright IRELAND's Debt To FOREIGN SCHOLARS. Above Kasuga's height, (To the Editor of The Dial.) Blow, oh blow! ye beauteous sakura of hearts. I am obliged to Mr. Sapir for adding an impor- Gather, oh gather, the tender buds of learning! From their pure source tant name to my list of foreign scholars whose work has helped the revival of Celtic lore. It was Do Saho's waters course, inexcusable on my part to leave out of such a list While on their brink, the name of Rudolf Thurneysen: his name did not From ancient trunks occur to me as I wrote, although, as I knew, he The willows lush young shoots put forth. had been lecturing in Dublin recently at the School From out the old seeking the new, March, oh march, on life's highway! of Irish Learning. The name "d’Arbois de Jour- ainville” was, of course, a printer's error for That poem of course is not a tanka, but what is "d'Arbois de Jubainville.” But Mr. Sapir is wrong called imayo, or “modern style"; it consists of eight in regarding Whitley Stokes as an English scholar lines of twelve or thirteen syllables each, in all of Celtic. Whitley Stokes was an Irishman, of a about one hundred syllables. The Japanese word well-known Dublin family, and his relative, Mar- sakura, which is retained in the translation, means garet Stokes, has done notable work in Irish archæ- “cherry.” The poem is especially cherished by the ology. Whitley Stokes went to India in the fifties students because it is the composition of Her Maj- and his emigration was deplored by the literary esty. ERNEST W. CLEMENTS. perly group that had centred round “The Tokyo, Japan. an? 1917] 79 THE DIAL NOTES FOR BIBLIOPHILES [Inquiries or contributions to this department should be ad- dressed to John E. Robinson, the Editor, who will be pleased to render to readers such services as are possible.) A Summer Treat WILLIAM J. LOCKE'S NEW NOVEL THE RED PLANET WILLIAM J.LOCKE The Anderson Company has obtained a lease for twenty-one years of the building formerly occu- pied by the Arion Society, Fifty-ninth Street and Park Avenue, New York. No alterations will be made in the exterior of the building, and only a few changes will be necessary in the interior. The company's old building at Fortieth Street and Madi- son Avenue, where the Robert Hoe library was sold, is now a thing of the past. . This fine old mansion has been razed, and a twenty-three story office building will be erected on the site. On or about October 15, the company's new season will be opened by an important sale of English literature from the collection of Henry E. Huntington. Works of the value of about $150,000 will then be dispersed. It will be the finest col- lection of English literature offered at auction since the Hoe sale. Mr. Huntington owns about thirty- seven of the Shakespeare folios. He will select the choicest examples for his library and sell the others. The Anderson Company now has in its keeping books from Mr. Huntington valued at about $300,000. All these will be sold. Mr. Huntington's taste is for fine bindings. His library is now in New York, but eventually will be re- moved to Los Angeles, California. In the death of William Holland Samson, on June 24, the Anderson Company sustained a severe loss. He was its vice-president, an old newspaper man who used the experience gained in that pro- fession to advance the company's interests. The past season had been a profitable and strenuous one. Mr. Samson was about to take his summer vacation at his cottage at Lake George, New York. He and his wife went on a short visit to Mr. Mitchell, treasurer of the Anderson Company, at Lake Mahopac. Mr. Samson was lake in a row boat, fishing, when death came. He died of heart trouble. He was married to a sis- ter of W. K. Bixby, the well-known St. Louis book and autograph collector. She survives him. Among the rarest books of modern authors are some of the first editions of Robert Louis Steven- son and Rudyard Kipling. There are only two known copies of the former's "Penny Whistles," printed in 1883, a collection of verses for children. The Borden sale at the American Art Galleries on February 17, 1913, contained one of these copies. It was bought for $2500 by Mrs. Widener, of Philadelphia, and added to the Stevensoniana col- lection of her son, Harry Elkins Widener, who lost his life in the Titanic disaster. This collection is now in Cambridge, Mass., having been presented to Harvard University. James F. Drake paid $650 for the "Smith Administration” by Kipling, in the Williamson library sale. He subsequently sold it for $900. Gabriel Weis, the New York book and auto- graph dealer, has changed his name to Gabriel Wells. This change he deemed advisable owing to complications frequently arising from the incor- A STORY OF WARTIME BUT NOT OF WAR Love and mystery and love again—these are the threads the war god tangled and W. J. Locke has unravelled in this, his best story since "The Beloved Vagabond." Though it has war for its background, “The Red Planet” is a story of home; it has its setting in a quiet English village, where dwell the mothers and fathers, the wives and sweethearts of those who are out "some- where." Love is there, and great devotion, and quiet courage and mystery. And the old soldier who can no longer serve his country thrills you with the story of it all. Cloth, Net $1.50 out on the Fourth Edition A BOOK OF INSPIRATION CARRY ON LETTERS IN WARTIME By Lieut. CONINGSBY DAWSON Author of "The Garden Without Walls," etc. Frontispiece. Cloth, Net, $1.00 "To those Americans who are preparing to take their place at the front, to those fathers and mothers who must stay at home and wait, this little volume bears a fine, an inspiring message. Here is the spirit we want to have, the spirit which should ani- mate us as a nation, expressed very clearly and very simply." -New York Times. OF ALL BOOKSELLERS JOHN LANE CO., NEW YORK 80 [July 19 THE DIAL Literature should be a living source of inspiration and pleasure ENGLISH LITERATURE as AN INTRODUCTION AND GUIDE TO THE BEST ENGLISH BOOKS A HANDBOOK FOR SCHOOLS AND READERS By EDWIN L. MILLER, A. M. Principal Detroit, Mich., Northwestern High Schoo 78 unusual illustrations. 597 pages. Map' and charts. Large 12mo. $1.60 net The Needed Quality The quality of a manual on English Lit- erature is probably more important than that of any other book in use. Literature is nothing, if it is not a living source of in- spiration or pleasure,—it cannot be taught a dead language, or a mathematical formula. With this in mind Professor Miller planned his new text-book. What Sometimes Happens It is generally acknowledged that the reading habit is often greatly weakened sometimes completely destroyed in the schools. Tennyson knew this and despaired upon learning that “Enoch Arden” had been adopted for class-room study. Dates and places are important but less important than the ideals, ideas and purposes of the great writers as shown in their works. Too often the boy's or girl's study of fact obscures the core of the subject—the beauty, the stimu- lus. How often is this the fault of text- books,--the introduction to a live matter through a dead medium? What Should Be the Object The object of text-books in English Liter- erature should be to stimulate readers to a love and appreciation of the best and to lead them into the habit of reading the good and great books for enjoyment as well as learning. This new book by Professor Miller has been planned throughout with this in mind. The pages are not burdened with facts but with stimulating ideas. Emphasis is laid upon forces and influences not upon dates. During the preparation of the book the author gave careful consideration to every important pedagogical principle. Isn't that the right sort of book for in- troducing young people to the vast field of Literature which is intended for the inter- pretation and enrichment of life? rect spelling and pronunciation of the name "Weis," the misspelling occurring even in his citizenship pa- pers, thereby often rendering difficult the exercise of his civic duties. “Weis,” however, has long ceased to be the designation of his family. P. F. Vadigan, of 561 Fifth Avenue, New York, has obtained a Revolutionary War letter, written by Colonel Ethan Allen of the “Green Mountain Boys" to General Richard Montgomery, at Saint John's, Canada, and dated September 20, 1775. Mr. Madigan believes that the letter is unpub- lished. It reads as follows: Excellent Sir: I am now in the parish of Saint Tuores, four leagues to the South; have two hundred and fifty Canadians under arms; as I march they gather fast; these are the object of taking the ves- sels in Sorel and General Carleton. These objects I pass by to assist the army besieging Saint Johns; if the place be taken the country is ours; if we miscarry in this, all our other achievements will profit but little. I am fearful our army will be sickly, and that the siege may be hard, therefore chuse to assist in conquering Saint Johns, which, of con- sequence conquers the whole. You may rely on it that I shall join you in about three days with about five hundred or more Canadian volunteers. I could raise one or two thousand in a week's time, but will first visit the army with a less number, and, if necessary, will go again recruiting those that used to be enemies to our cause. Come cap in hand to me, and I sware by the Lord I can raise three times the number of our army in Canada, provided you con- tinue the siege. All depends on that. It is with the advice of the officers with me that I speedily repair to the army. God grant you wisdom, forti- tude and every accomplishment of a victorious gen- eral. The eyes of all America, nay of Europe, are or will be on the economy of this army, and the consequence attending it. I am your most obedient and humble serv't. Ethan Allen. P. S. I have purchased four hogsheads of rum, and sent a sergent with a small party to deliver it at headquarters, and Mr. Livingston and others under him will provide what fresh beef you need. As to bread and Aower I am forwarding what I can. You may rely on my utmost attention to this object, as well as raising axuillaries. I know the ground is swampy and bad raising batteries, but pray let no object of obstruction be insurmountable. The glory of a victory, which will be attended with such im- portant consequences, will crown all our fatigues, risques and labors; to fail of victory will be our eternal disgrace, but to obtain it will elevate us on the wings of fame. Yours, etc. Ethan Allen. Of great interest to American collectors is the sale, at Sotheby's in London on July 30, of the remaining portion of the famous collection of early Americana formed by the Rev. Dr. White Kennett, Bishop of Peterborough (1660-1728), with certain other books the property of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. Bishop Kennett was one of the original members of this society and in order to advance its interests made a collection of books, charts, maps, and docu- ments relating to the general subject of discoveries and colonization of foreign lands, and the attempts made to propagate the Gospel, especially in the English possessions in America, the East Indies, and Africa. He gave this collection to the society in 1712. Among the rarities are Sir William Berkeley's J.B. LIPPINCOTT CO. PUBLISHERS PHILADELPHIA 1917] 81 THE DIAL I A Soldier of France to His Mother ** “For him who knows how to read life, these present events have torn to shreds our old habits of thought and have revealed more clearly than ever before eternal beauty and order." 7 In this unpretentious record of the intimate thoughts and emotions of a young French artist under the reaction of war there is revealed a spiritual splendor which transcends sordid tragedy. “Discourse and View of Virginia,” printed in 1663; Nicholas Beyard, or Reyard, and Charles Lodo- wick's “Journal of the late actions of the French at Canada," printed in 1693; and John Brinsley's “Consolation for our Grammar Schooles,” printed in 1622, not in the Hoe, Huth, Lefferts, Christie- Miller, or Huntington sale catalogues and not recorded by Lowndes. Rare also are William Castell's "Petition for Propagating the Gospel in America,” 1641; Major John Child's “New En- gland's Jonas Cast up at London," 1647; John Clark's "Ill Newes from New England," 1652, "Sir Francis Drake Revived,” first edition, 1626, and “The World encompassed by Sir Francis Drake," 1628. There are no less than ten of the famous Eliot Indian Tracts with several duplicates. Included in them are “New England's First Fruits” and "Progresse of Learning in Colledge at Cambridge, in Massachusetts Bay,” 1643, first tract and one of the rarest of the series, containing the first printed account of Harvard College; Thomas Shepard's “Day-breaking if not the Sun-rising of the Gospell with the Indians,” 1647; the same author's "Clear Sun-shine of the Gospel,” 1648; Henry Whitfield's “Light appearing more and more towards the perfect Day,” first edition, 1651, not in the Hoe, Huth, or Lefferts sale catalogues; "Strength and Weakness," by John Eliot and others, 1652; "Tears of Repentance," by John Eliot and Thomas Mayhew, 1613; “Of the Gospel amongst the Indians in New England,” by John Eliot, 1659; and “A Brief Narrative" by the same author, 1671. The two last named tracts extremely rare. Other rarities are John Hammond's "Leah and Rachel, or the two Fruitfull sisters, Virginia and Maryland," 1656, not in the Hoe, Huth, Lefferts, Christie-Miller, or Huntington sale catalogues and not mentioned by Livingston; William Hubbard's “Present State of New England," first London edition, 1677, with the original map containing the words "Wine Hills” for “White Hills”; “Indian war, Articles of Peace between Charles II and Several Indian Kings and Queens," 1677, includ- ing the signatures of Queen Pamunkey and her son, the Queen of Waonoke, the King of the Notto- ways, and the King of the Nancymond. Robert Johnson's "Nova Britannia, offering most excellent fruites by Planting in Virginia," 1609, is one of the rarest of the early historical tracts relating to Virginia. John Langford's “Just and Cleere Refutation of a false and scandalous Pamph- let entituled Babylon's Fall in Maryland,” 1655, is the extremely rare original edition. It was not in the Huth or Hoe collections. The Huntington sale catalogue mentions only three copies. Thomas Lechford's “Plain Dealing or Newes from New England," 1642, is one of the most interesting and authentic of the early narratives relating to that colony. The "Discoveries of John Lederer in three several Marches from Virginia to the West of Carolina," 1672, is very rare. Increase Mather's “Brief Relation of the State of New England,” 1689, was not in the Huth, Lefferts, Christie- Miller, or Huntington sale catalogues. are So vividly has the note of French exaltation found expression in these letters that the book met in- stant recognition upon its publica- tion in France, where it ran into many editions and is now regarded as one of the outstanding pieces of war literature. Readers of The Dial will be in- terested in knowing that the book published in France under the name of Lettres d'un Soldat first came to the attention of the American pub- lishers through Theodore Stanton's praise of it in his Paris Letter in The Dial. Translated with an Introduction by THEODORE STANTON, M.A. Price, $1.00. At All Bookstores. A. C. McClurg and Company Publishers 82 [July 19 THE DIAL NOTES AND NEWS The Putnam PUTNAMSA BOOKS Bookstore 2west 45 st. "Seve. N.Y. There are frequent additions to our large stock of books bought from private libraries, and at auction, here and abroad. This stock (much of it “second-hand" in name only) includes many attractive bargains in every department of general literature. There are often out-of-print and rare items not easily found elsewhere. At intervals Partial Catalogues are issued, and may be had on request. Send to us for any book you have been unable to get. BOOKS Of the contributors to the present issue, Louis Friedland is Associate Editor of “The Russian Review," a member of the staff of the “Viestnik Ameriki,” and an instructor in English at the Col- lege of the City of New York. John Gould Fletcher, at present living in Lon- don, is well known as one of the leaders of the Imagist group of poets. Frederic Austin Ogg is the author of many books on historical and political subjects, including "Social Progress in Contemporary Europe" and "Govern- ments of Europe.” William B. Cairns is the author of “On the De- velopment of American Literature," "History of American Literature," and other works. He is assistant professor of American literature at the University of Wisconsin. William E. Dodd has applied the realistic atti- tude to the study of American history. He was the editor and joint author of the “Riverside History of the United States." He is professor of Amer- ican history at the University of Chicago. Williams Haynes is able to balance theory with practice in his writing about the stage, being asso- ciated with the interesting work of the Northamp- ton group of players. Gilbert Vivian Seldes, who has been studying social conditions in England since the beginning of the war, is a Philadelphia journalist and critic. He is a graduate of Harvard. OF ALL PUBLISHERS Our position as the leading wholesale deal- ers in the books of all publishers and our immense stock and location in the publish- ing center of the country enable us to fill orders for all books with the greatest dis- patch, and at favorable prices. We are not only willing but eager to quote our net prices on any proposed purchase. THE BAKER & TAYLOR CO. Wholesale Dealers in the Books of All Publishers 354 Fourth Ave. NEW YORK At 26th Street BOOKS, AUTOGRAPHS, PRINTS. Catalogues Free. R. ATKINSON, 97 Sunderland Road, Forest Hill, LONDON, ENG. FOR THE BOOK LOVER Rare books - First editions. Books now out of print LATEST CATALOGUE SENT ON REQUEST A veritable treasure chest for the collector A. H. GOLDSMITH, 2460 7th Ave., New York Mr. Walter M. Hill has just purchased and now has on sale A Large Private Library which he obtained on his last visit to New York. The library comprises many first editions, standard sets and a very unusual collection of good books for reading and ref- erence; in fact, such a collection of really interesting books of all classes of literature is rarely placed upon the market. A catalogue of this library will be issued sometime in September. Copies will be sent on application. Walter M. Hill 22 East Washington Street Chicago Allan Updegraff, author of "Second Youth” (Harpers), is the editor of “The Plowshare.” Lilian Whiting has written a book about Canada which E. P. Dutton & Co. will publish shortly, en- titled “Canada the Spellbinder.” The American Educational Co., 29 South La Salle St., Chicago, announce a new and enlarged edition of Patterson's American Educational Di- rectory. Messrs. E. P. Dutton have in preparation a new volume by Donald Hankey, author of "Student in Arms." The new book will be called "Student in Arms, Second Series." Messrs. Henry Holt & Co. will publish on Sep- tember 13th a new novel by Margaret Widdemer entitled “The Wishing Ring Man," a sequel to “The Rose Garden Husband.” The Oxford University Press has just published “The Idea of God in the Light of Recent Philoso- phy," which consists of A. Seth Pringle-Pattison's 1912-13 Gifford Lectures. "Bromley Neighborhood," Alice Brown's new novel, which has just been published by the Mac- millan Company, ran into the second edition two weeks before the date of publication. The honorary degree of Doctor of Letters was conferred upon John G. Neihardt by the Univer- sity of Nebraska at the commencement, June 13th, in recognition of his work as "author, critic, and poet.” Katherine Mayo, whose “Justice to All” was recently published by Putnam's, is now in Penn- 7 7 1917] 83 THE DIAL In defiance of all conventions she seeks the life and love for which she hungered - she arouses the scorn and disdain of the narrow, cynical villag- ers - she is carried to bitter disillusionment. Read SUMMER The New Novel By EDITH WHARTON As in "Ethan Frome,” Mrs. Wharton gives a relentless study of a young woman's life and love, but "Summer" leaves one with a strong feel- ing of hope for the future of this girl, who had somehow always missed the best that life can give. At all Booksellers $1.50 Net THIS IS AN APPLETON BOOK D. Appleton & Co., Publishers, New York sylvania making a further study of the work of the State Constabulary with the intention of col- lecting material for a new volume of stories on the subject. Isaac F. Marcosson has just returned to the United States after five months spent in the war zone, a part of the time being spent in Russia, where he arrived immediately after the recent rev- olution. His account of the revolution will be published shortly by Lane. A. C. McClurg & Co. have just issued a trans- lation of “Lettres d'un Soldat,” under the title, “A Soldier of France to His Mother.” Their atten- tion was called to this volume originally by the comments of Mr. Theodore Stanton in The DIAL. Mr. Stanton has made the present translation. Messrs. Longmans, Green will publish shortly a new novel by Sir Rider Haggard, entitled “Fin- ished.” This volume completes the trilogy of which “Marie" and "Child of Storm” were the first two parts. A new novel by Guy Fleming, author of "The Diplomat,” is also in preparation. It is en- titled “Off With the Old Love," and concerns the war. Messrs. Putnam's Sons announce that in “The Loeb Classical Library" have just been issued the following volumes: "Achilles Tatius," S. Gaselee of Magdalene College, Cambridge. One volume. (No. 45.); "Greek Anthology," W. R. Paton. Vol. II; “Seneca's Tragedies," F. J. Miller. Two vol- umes. Volumes I and II. (No. 62.); "Strabo," Horace L. Jones, of Cornell University. Nine vol- umes. Volume I. June publications of Messrs. D. Appleton & Co. include: "The Latin at War," by Will Irwin; "Typography of Advertisements that Pay,” by Gilbert P. Farrar; “Mental Adjustments,” by Frederic Lyman Wells; “Keeping Up With Your Motor-Car,” by A. Frederick Collins; “Introduc- tion to Rural Sociology,” by Paul L. Vogt; “Ex- cess Condemnation,” by Robert E. Cushman; "American Public Library," New Edition, by A. E. Bostwick. The Oxford University Press has issued the fol- lowing volumes for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Division of International Law: "An International Court of Justice," "The Hague Conventions and Declarations of 1899 and 1907," by James Brown Scott; "The Status of the In- ternational Court of Justice"; "Diplomatic Docu- ments Relating to the Outbreak of the European War"; "Recommendations on International Law"; *The Freedom of the Seas"; "The Hague Court Reports"; "Resolutions of the Institute of Inter- national Law”; “Instructions to the American Delegates to the Hague Peace Conferences and Their Official Reports." The University Edition of the Warner Library, consisting of thirty volumes, is to be published early this autumn. The old edition has been entirely revised by a corps of university men who have virtually made a new work, following out the plan of Charles Dudley Warner. Approximately one hundred authors have been added to the work, being represented by critical essays, as well as se- GERTRUDE ATHERTON'S THE LIVING PRESENT WHAT WOMEN CAN DO in wartime. The supreme achievement of French women since 1914 is the subject of the first section of this book. It touches on all phases of women's work in time of war and on the problems to be solved by women when peace comes. It is an inspiring account-one every woman should read. Part Two gives special attention to the problems confronting women in America—the work they should do; the time of life when they should do it; their relation to families, husbands and children, and many other topics of present and permanent importance. Illustrated. Cloth, 12mo, net $1.50. FREDERICK A. STOKES COMPANY 84 [July 19 THE DIAL 7 . “AT MCCLURG'S" It is of interest and importance to Librarians to know that the books reviewed and advertised in this magazine can be pur- chased from us at advantageous prices by Public Libraries, Schools, Colleges and Universities In addition to these books we have an exceptionally large stock of the books of all pub- lishers - a more complete as- sortment than can be found on the shelves of any other book- store in the entire country. We solicit correspondence from librarians unacquainted with our facilities. LIBRARY DEPARTMENT A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago 1 lections from their work. In addition to twenty- six volumes of selections from the best authors there are a volume of "Songs and Lyrics"; "The Reader's Dictionary of Authors," a biographical and literary reference book; “The Reader's Di- gest of Books,” summarizing the more important works of literature; and “The Student's Course in Literature.” The Century Co. announces for publication dur- ing July: “The Inner Door," by Alan Sullivan; "In the World," by Maxim Gorky; "The Air Man,” by Francis A. Collins; “The Junior Platts- burg Manual,” by O. O. Ellis and E. B. Garey; “The Boys' Camp Manual,” by Charles K. Tay- lor, and “The Reconstruction of Poland and the Near East,” by Herbert Adams Gibbons. The Atlantic Monthly Company has followed up the experiment made last year in the publica- tion of “The Atlantic Classics,” a collection of essays from the magazine deemed to be worthy of longer life than they would enjoy in magazine form, and now announces that from time to time material from the “Atlantic Monthly” will be pub- lished in book form. Two new titles are now an- nounced for the “Atlantic Classics": “The Assault on Humanism,” by Paul Shorey, and “The Es- say,” a collection of seventy-five short essays from the Contributor's Club. The Dante League of America, which was re- cently founded by Mrs. H. Durant Rose, has for its purpose the promotion of the knowledge and study of Dante, his works, language, and country by means of popular lectures and literature. The League is also preparing for a celebration, in 1921, of the six-hundredth anniversary of his death. The officers are: William Roscoe Thayer, president; Richard A. Purdy, treasurer, Mrs. H. Durant Rose, secretary. Meetings are held at the Na- tional Arts Club, New York. Membership is open to all who are interested in the subject. An- nual dues are $2, although college and university students are given a special membership fee of $1. Further information may be obtained from Mrs. H. Durant Rose, National Arts Club, New York City. August publications by the Messrs. Frederick A. Stokes Co. will include "Carmen's Messenger," by Harold Bindloss; “Kiddies," by J. J. Bell; “A Young Lion of Flanders,” by J. Van Ammers Kueller; "Anne's House of Dreams,” by L. M. Montgomery; "Flowers I Love," by Katherine Cameron; "The Play Way,” by H. Caldwell Cook; "Man as He Is," by Sir Bampfylde Fuller; "The Camera as Historian," by H. D. Gower, L. S. Jast, and W. W. Topley; "President Wilson from an English Point of View," by H. Wilson Harris; "Pictures and Other Passages from Henry James," by Ruth Head; “The Elephant,” by Agnes Her- bert; “By the Waters of Africa,” by Norma Lori- mer; “The Lost Cities of Ceylon," by G. E. Mitton; "What Is Instinct ?" by G. Bingham Newland; "The Cradle of Our Lord,” by John Oxenham; "Kitchener in His Own Words,” by J. B. Rye and H. G. Groser, and “Told in the Huts,” the Y. M. C. A. gift book. Those Whom The War Hits Hardest according to the British Relief Society, are the families of professional men. These include the families of the men of arts and letters. Usually well-born, accustomed to advantages of human civilization, they frequently find them- selves in want, when the head of the house is summoned to the colors or killed in action. The Authors' League Fund cares for such cases. The interests of these innocent sufferers are more closely allied to yours than any others. Will you send a contribution for their Relief? GERTRUDE ATHERTON, President The Authors' League Fund 33 West 42nd Street NEW YORK, N. Y. 1 1917] 85 THE DIAL LIST OF NEW BOOKS A SCOT ON THE IRISH QUESTION [The following list, containing 92 titles, includes books received by The Dial since its last issue.] THE OPPRESSED ENGLISH BY IAN HAY "The chief bar to a complete and speedy settlement of the affair is and always has been the inability of a lov- able but irrespon- sible people to agree amongst themselves as to what they really want." The author of “Getting Together" does this country and England the further service of stating the Irish problem clearly. You will like “The Op- pressed English” for its delightful humor; and you'll come away from its pages much wiser in the ways of the Emerald Isle" and John Bull. Your bookseller has it. Net, 50 Cents DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY Garden City, New York Faith, War and Policy BY GILBERT MURRAY CONTENTS First Thoughts on the War. How Can War Ever Be Right? Herd Instinct and the War. India and the War. The Evil and the Good of the War. Democratic Control of Foreign Policy. How We Stand Now. Ireland. BIOGRAPHY AND REMINISCENCES. The Tragedy of a Throne. By Hildegarde Eben- thal. Illustrated, 8vo, 328 pages. Funk & Wag- nalls Co. $3.50. Russian Court Memoirs 1914-16. Illustrated, 8vo, 315 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. ESSAYS AND GENERAL LITERATURE. The England of Shakespeare. By P. H. Ditchfield. Illustrated, 12mo, 315 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $2. By the Ionian Sea. By George Gissing. 16mo, 203 pages. Chapman & Hall, Ltd., London. $1.25. English Literature. By Edwin L. Miller. Illus- trated, 12mo, 597 pages. J. B. Lippincott Co. $1.75. A Study of Virgil's Description of Nature. By Mabel Louise Anderson. 12mo, 224 pages. Rich- ard G. Badger. $1.25. The Oppressed English. By Ian Hay. 16mo, 88 pages. Doubleday, Page & Co. 50 cts. The Rose of Dawn. By Kate Chadwick. 16mo, 40 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. 36 cts. Paper. Platero Y Yo. By Juan Ramón Jiménez. 12mo, 323 pages. Casa Editorial Calleja, Madrid. FICTION. Summer. By Edith Wharton. 12mo, 291 pages. D. Appleton & Co. $1.50. Bromley Neighborhood. By Alice Brown. 12mo, 418 pages. Macmillan. $1.50. The Sorry Tale. By Patience Worth. Edited by Casper S. Yost. 12mo, 644 pages. Henry Holt & Co. $1.90. The Red Planet. By William J. Locke. 12mo, 349 pages. John Lane Co. $1.50. His Own Country. By Paul Kester. 12mo, 692 pages. Bobbs-Merrill Co. $1.50. Where Your Treasure Is. By Holman Day. With frontispiece, 12mo, 461 pages. Harper & Bros. $1.50. Dandelions. By Coulson T. Cade. 12mo, 356 pages. Alfred A. Knopf. $1.50. The Empty House. With frontispiece, 12mo, 301 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.40. Irene to the Rescue. By May Baldwin. Illus- trated, 12mo, 294 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50. Oliver Hastings, V. C. By Escott Lynn. Illus- trated, 12mo, 404 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50. The Sport of Kings. By Arthur Somers Roche. Illustrated, 12mo, 324 pages. Bobbs-Merrill. $1.40. Dominie Dean. By Ellis Parker Butler. With frontispiece, 12mo, 302 pages. Fleming H. Revell Co. $1.35. Lend Me Your Name! By Francis Perry Elliott. Illustrated, 12mo, 282 pages. Reilly & Britton Co. $1.25. Erewhon. By Samuel Butler. 12mo, 320 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.50. POETRY AND DRAMA. “Noh” or Accomplishment. By Ernest Fenollosa and Ezra Pound. With frontispiece, 8vo, 268 pages. Alfred A. Knopf. $2.75. The New Greek Comedy. By Philippe E. Legrand. Translated by James Loeb. 8vo, 547 pages. G. P. Putnam's Sons. $4.50. The Poetic Year for 16. By William Stanley Braithwaite. 12mo, 403 pages. Small, Maynard & Co. Longer French Poems. Selected by T. Atkinson Jenkins. With frontispiece, 16mo, 175 pages. Henry Holt & Co. The Sublime Sacrifice. By Charles V. H. Roberts. 12mo, 103 pages. The Torch Press. $1.25. Human Wisps. By Anna Wolfrom. 12mo, 124 pages. Sherman, French & Co. $1. Community Drama. By Percy Mackaye. 12mo, 61 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. 50 cts. 1. The Dublin Insurrection. 2. The Execution of Casement. 3. The Future of Ireland. America and the War. America and England. The Sea Policy of Great Britain. Oxford and the War. The Turmoil of War. Price, $1.25 net Houghton Mifflin Company BOSTON AND NEW YORK Canadian Representative, Thomas Allen, Toronto 86 (July 19 THE DIAL F. M. HOLLY Authors' and Publishers' Ropresontativo 156 Fifth Avonne, New York (Enablished 1905) LATES AND FULL INFORMATION WILL BB SENT ON REQUEST THE NEW YORK BUREAU OF REVISION Thirty-seventh Year. LETTERS OF CRITICISM, EXPERT REVISION OF M88. Advice as to publication. Address DR. TITUS M. COAN, 424 W. 119th St., New York City In War Time. By May Wedderburn Cannan. 12mo, 80 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. 90 cts. A Vision of Immortality. By Stephen Reid-Hey- man 12mo, 77 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. 90 cts. Songs on Service. By Eliot Crawshay-Williams. 12mo, 104 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. 90 cts. The Omega and Other Poems. By Edward Shillito. 12 mo, 62 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. 65 cts. A Scallopshell of Quiet. 12mo, 79 pages. Long- mans, Green, & Co. Paper. 60 cts. A Child's Books of Verses. By Raymond E. Man- chester. 12mo, George Banta Publishing Co. Menasha, Wisc. 35 cts. A Book of Verse. By Morris Gilbert. 8vo, 40 pages. Privately Printed. Northern Breeze. By John C. Wright. Illustrated, 12mo, 112 pages. Published by the author. Estio. By Juan Ramón Jiménez. 12mo, 177 pages. Casa Editorial Calleja, Madrid. Diario un Poeta Recién Casado. By Juan Ramón Jiménez. 12mo, 281 pages. Casa Edito- ANNA PARMLY PARET de 291 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK Alter many years of editorial experience with Harper & Brothers, Mis Paret offers to criticise and revise manuscripto for writers. Fees reasonable. Terms sent on application. "THE MOSHER BOOKS” At the outset I only wanted to make a few beauti. ful books." And because I could not devise another format one-half so pleasing as the one I have made my own for describing these books, I retain it with a few improvements in the present Catalogue. Free on request while it lasts to any reader of The Dial. THOMAS BIRD MOSHER, Portland, Maine. I f you want first editions, limited edi. tions, association books-books of any kind, in fact, address : DOWNING, Box 1336, Boston Mass. Sargent's Handbook Series American Private Schools, 1917 Third Edition, revised and enlarged, new features A Guidebook for Parents A Compendium for Educators A critical and discriminating account of the Private Schools as they are, written without fear or favor. Indispensable for Parents, Educators, College Offi- cials interested in Secondary Education. New Introductory Chapters: "Educational Advance in 1916" : "Educational Literature of 1916" ; "Measur- ing Intelligence," by Prof. R. M. Yerkes of Harvard University; "Choosing a Camp," by Morton Snyder of Newark Academy; “Vocational Guidance," by F. C. Woodman of Morristown School. 672 pages, round corners, crimson silk cloth, gold stamped, $2.50. A Handbook of New England, 1917 rial Calleja, Madrid. Sonetos Espirituales. By Juan Ramón Jiménez. 12mo, 139 pages. Casa Editorial Calleja, Madrid. WAR BOOKS. The Problem of Human Peace. By Malcolm Quin. 8vo, 275 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $3. Through Russia in War Time. By C. Fillingham Coxwell. Illustrated, 12mo, 312 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. The Living Present. By Gertrude Atherton. Illus- trated, 12mo, 303 pages. Frederick A. Stokes Co. $1.50. The Destruction of Merchant Ships Under Interna- tional Law. By Frederick Smith, 12mo, 110 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $1.75. Papers from Picardy. By Rev. T. W. Pym and Rev. Geoffrey Gordon. 12mo, 227 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. $1.50. A Soldier of France to His Mother. Translated by Theodore Stanton. 16 mo, 169 pages. A. C. McClurg & Co. $1. Confessions of a War Correspondent. By William G. Shepherd. Illustrated, 12mo, 211 pages. Harper & Bros. $1. The Menace of Peace. By George D. Herron. 12mo, 110 pages. Mitchell Kennerley. $1. PUBLIC AFFAIRS, SOCIOLOGY, ECONOMICS, AND POLITICS. $2. Constitutional Conventions. By Roger Sherman Hoar. 12mo, 240 pages. Little, Brown & Co. $2. The English-Speaking Peoples. By George Louis Beer. 12mo, 322 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.50. The Expansion of Europe. By Ramsay Muir. With maps, 8vo, 243 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co. New Zealand in Evolution. By Guy H. Scholefield. Illustrated, 12mo, 363 pages. Charles Scribner's Sons. Science and the Nation. Edited by A. C. Seward. 12mo, 328 pages. Cambridge University Press, England. 5s. Separation of State and Local Revenues in the United States. By Mabel Newcomer. 8vo, 195 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. Collective Bargaining in the Lithographic Industry. By H, E. Hoagland. 8vo, 130 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. Economic and Social History of Chowan County, North Carolina. By W. Scott Boyce. 8vo, 293 pages. Longmans, Green, & Co. Rational Sex Ethics. By W. F. Robie. 12mo, 356 pages. Richard G. Badger. $3.50. Sex Worship and Symbolism of Primitive Races. By Sanger Brown. 12mo, 145 pages. Richard G. Badger. $3. Food Preparedness for the United States. By Charles O'Brien. 12mo, 118 pages. Little, Brown & Co. 60 cts. The Economy and Finance of the War. By A. C. Pigou. 12mo, 96 pages. J. M. Dent & Sons, Ltd. 60 cts. An Old Wine in a New Bottle. By N. 0. Ruggles. 16mo, 50 pages. Richard G. Badger. 50 cts. Descriptive of Town and Country along the Routes of Automobile Travel. A Humanized Baedeker, a Year Book, a Gazetteer, a Guide Book. The only book that presents New England as a whole. Introductory Chapters on Geology, Flora, Architec- ture, etc. Directories and Appendices. New 1917 edition enlarged and improved. 900 pages, with Illustrations and Maps. Round corners, crimson silk cloth, gold stamped, $2.50. Limp crimson leather, $3.00. Porter E. Sargent, 50 Congress St., Boston 1917] 87 THE DIAL THE DIAL la regularly on sale at RELIGION AND THEOLOGY. The Golden Days of the Early English Church. By Henry H. Howorth. 3 volumes. Illustrated, 8vo, 384-517-443 pages. E. P. Dutton & Co. $15. per set. Immortality and the Future. By H. R. Mackin- tosh. 12mo, 248 pages. Geo. H. Doran Co. $1.50. The Silent Hour. By Charlotte Burd. 12mo, 285 pages. Barse & Hopkins. $1.50. The Religious Education of an American Citizen. By Francis Greenwood Peabody. 12mo, 214 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1.25. Some Views Respecting a Future Life. By Samuel Waddington. 12mo, 144 pages. John Lane Co. $1.25. The Christian Ministry and Social Problems. By Charles D. Williams. 12mo, 133 pages. The Macmillan Co. $1. Do We Need a New Idea of God? By Edmund H. Reeman. 16mo, 214 pages. George W. Jacobs & Co. $1. 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THE DIAL A FORTNIGHTLY JOURNAL OF Literary Criticism, Discussion, and Information Founded by FRANCIS F. BROWNE Volume LXIIL No. 747. CHICAGO, AUGUST 16, 1917 15 cts. a copy. $3. a year. NEW BOOKS A Soldier of France to His Mother The Rustler of Wind River The brief story of an artist-soldier who, when France called, forsook his brush and his studio to serve his country with the Poillus in the trenches. The work is in the form of letters written by him to his mother during the early period of the war. They are wonderful letters, unique because they reveal the tragic recoil of the artist-soul from the brutalities of war. He abhors war but he loves his country more and so he does not Ainch from has By G. W. OGDEN A story that thrills one from the start. It has the atmosphere of the broad plains and the excite- ment of conflict between irreconcilable forces of society. And through it all is the thread of an absorbing romance. Price, $1.30 Myths and Legends of approached this in the personal and intimate aspect British North America war an Translated with Stanton, M.A. in introduction by Theodore Price, $1.00 Evenings With Great Authors By KATHARINE B. JUDSON, A.M. The myths in this volume are those of the native tribes of British North America, chosen with care for their representative value and related with that solicitude for the preservation of the original form which has marked all of Miss Judson's studies in mythology. Illustrated. Small quarto. $1.50 By SHERWIN CODY Vol. 1. How and What to Read; Shakespeare, Lincoln. Vol. II. Scott, Dickens, Thackeray. Great authors are for the people. The books they wrote were not bought because they were great literature, but because they gave an insight into life, rested the heart, and lightened the burden of daily living. Mr. Cody pleasantly introduces us to great authors and their books, giving a little taste here and there of the enjoyment to be found. He is one of the ablest of guides. 12mo. Price per volume, $1.00 New Volumes in the National Social Science Series Ultimate Democracy and Its Citizenship Making By NEWELL L. SIMS, A.M., Ph.D. This is an investigation and study of the demo- eratie idea, beginning with the primitive democ- racy of the original savage and then following the progress of the democratic concept through the ages to a final examination and appraisal of the active democratic forces in the social organization of today. The purpose of the book is enlighten- , plain it isits , it is trending. Large 12mo. $1.50 By ARLAND D. WEEKS A study of the psychology of our relations to civic affairs. Society, the author contends, is now seek- ing social ends as truly as the individual seeks personal ends, and the individual in order to get what he wants must combine his efforts with those of others. The Principles of Natural Taxation 119 By JEREMIAH S. YOUNG, Ph.D. The purpose of this very readable book is to make clear to the general reader the underlying princi- ples of the state, and its agent, the government. Social Environment By C. B. FILLEBROWN To set forth the genesis and progress of the plans formulated by a certain school of economists for the taxation of economic rent is the aim of this work. These plans are otherwise known as the single-tax doctrine, popularly ascribed to and championed by Henry George. The doctrine, how- ever, is almost as old as the science of political economy itself, Adam Smith being the first, per- haps, to expound it. Portraits. 12 mo. $1.50 By GEORGE R. DAVIES, Ph.D. The aim of this work is to set forth the nature of society as primarily a spiritual rather than biological reality, the term spiritual being used in a broad sense. a A. C. McCLURG & CO., Publishers, Chicago, Illi. 90 [August 16 THE DIAL Tie METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART Fifth Avenue and 82d Street, New York PUBLICATIONS The Murch_Collection of Egyptian Antiqui. Catalogue of a Loan Exhibition of Paintings, ties. N. Y., 1916. by Winslow Homer. N. Y., 1911. 28 p. 11. pl. 8vo..... $0.10 XXV, 63 p. front. 8vo...... $0.86 A Handbook of the Egyptian Rooms. N. Y., Catalogue of an Exhibition of Colonial Por- 1916. traits. N. Y., 1911. [xxil), 176 p. il. pl. 8vo..... . $0.25 x, 70 p. pl. 8vo... .. $0.26 The Stela of Menthu-weser, by Caroline L. Handbook of the Benjamin Altman Collec- Ransom. N. Y., 1913. tion. N. Y., 1914. 39[1] p. 11. 8vo..... $0.50 XV, 153(1) p. 11. 8vo..... ...$0.50 The Tomb of Perneb. N. Y., 1916. The Hudson-Fulton Celebration. Catalogue (xii), 79(1) p. ll. pl. 8vo... . $0.10 of an Exhibition held in the Museum. N. Y., 1909. The Tomb of Senebtisi at Lisht, by Arthur Contents: C. Mace and Herbert E. Winlock. N. Y., 1916. Vol. I. Dutch Paintings, XVII Century. xxii, 134[1] p. il. front. photogravures and Vol. II. American Paintings, Furniture, etc., colored plates. 4to. XVII and XVIII Centuries. In paper .$ 8.00 2v. 11. 8vo. $10.00 In boards .80 10.00 Same, without illustrations. Handbook of the Cesnola Collection of An- Catalogue of an Exhibition of Silver used in tiquities from Cyprus, by John L. Myres, New York, New Jersey, and the South. A Wykeham Professor of Ancient History, note on Early, New York Silversmiths, by Oxford. N. Y., 1913. R. T. Haines Halsey. N. Y., 1911. lv, 696 p. il. pl. 8vo...... . $2.00 Xxxvi, 85 p. 11. pl. 8vo. .$0.26 Greek Coins and their Parent Cities, by John Handbook of Arms and Armor, European and Ward. Lond., 1902. Oriental, by Bashford Dean. N. Y., 1916. XXXVI, 468 p. 11. pl. 4to..... . $6.00 xvi, 161[1] p. pl. 8vo..... . $0.50 The Room of Ancient Glass. N. Y., 1916. Notes on Arms and Armor, by Bashford Dean. 28 p. 11. . . $0.10 N. Y., 1916. Catalogue of Greek, Roman and Etruscan viii, 149[1] p. 11. pl. 8vo... .$1.00 Bronzes, by Gisela M. A. Richter. N. Y., 1915. Les Points de France, by Ernest Lefébure; xll, 491 p. ll. pl. 8vo..... . $6.00 tr. by Margaret Taylor Johnston. N. Y., 1912. Cuneiform Texts; ed. and tr. by Alfred B. 92 p. 11. pl. 8vo..... . $2.00 Moldenke, Ph.D. N. Y., 1893. xx, 136 p. 4to..... $1.00 Catalogue of the Collection of Casts. N. Y., 1910. A Catalogue of the Collection of Persian Ed. 2, corr. and rev. Manuscripts. Ed. by A. V. W. Jackson and Abraham Yohannan. N. Y., 1914. xxxiv, 383 p. 33 pl. 8vo. In paper .$0.50 xxiv, 187 p. il. 8vo.. $1.50 In boards .75 Catalogue of an Exhibition of Early Chinese Pottery and Sculpture, by S. C. Bosch Reita. Tentative Lists of objects desirable for a N. Y., 1916. collection of casts, intended to illustrate .. $0.80 xxvii, 189[1] p. pl. 8vo...... the history of plastic art. N. Y., 1891. xi, 121 p. 8vo.. $5.00 Collections Georges Hoentschel;, notices do André Perate et Gaston Brière. Paris, A History of The Metropolitan Museum of 1908. Art with a chapter on The Early Institu- 4 vols., 268 pl. (partly colored). F....$100.00 tions of Art in New York, by Winifred E. Howe. N. Y., 1913. Catalogue of Romanesque, Gothic, and Ren- xvi, 361 p. por. pl. facsim. 8vo.... . $2.80 aissance Sculpture, by Joseph Breck. N. Y., 1913. Bulletin of The Metropolitan Museum of Art. xix, 272(1) p. 76 il. 8vo. N. Y., 1905-date. In paper .$1.00 In boards 1.50 il. pl. 8vo. Published monthly. Ten cents a number: Catalogue of the Works of Augustus Saint- subscription price .$1.00 Gaudens. N. Y., 1908. Iv, 82 p. 8vo... $0.25 Art Museums and Schools. Four lectures by G. Stanley Hall, Kenyon Cox, Stockton Catalogue of Paintings, by Bryson Bur. Axson, and Oliver S. Tonks. N. Y., Charles roughs. N. Y., 1916. Scribner's Sons, 1918. xlii, 356 p. 32 pl. plan. 8vo... .. $0.26 v, 144 p. 8vo.... .$1.00 Paintings in Oil and Pastel, by James A. Art Education; an Investigation of the McNeill Whistler. Loan collection. N. Y.. Training Available in New York City for 1910. Artists and Artisans. N. Y., 1916. XXV, 44 p. por. 8vo.. $0.25 x, 46 p. 8vo.. $0.10 When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. 1917] 91 THE DIAL A SOLDIER'S MEMORIES IN PEACE AND WAR By SIR GEORGE YOUNGHUSBAND Net, $5.00 The Boston Transcript in its issue of July 17th gives this book a three-column review headed "The Man Who Lived 'Arabian Nights.' An outpouring of tales wild, romantic, and merry by Sir George Younghusband, first white man in Tibet, about his escapades in the East." It then states that it is "most worthy of men- tion not merely because Sir George has seen brisk and various service in many climes and conditions, but because he has the narration faculty allied to a genuine wit and an incorrigible love of adventure and sport. In this book he avoids heroics and such well-worn themes as famous battles; his business is to embroider them with illustrations of men and motives. A remarkable all-around book of good and racy stories." RUSSIAN MEMORIES. By MADAM OLGA NOVIKOFF. Net, $3.50 Boston Transcript says: "It is a sincere analysis of the relations between Russia and England as she has observed them during the last fifty years. And the personality shown in her writing is one of great intelligence and charm." RUSSIAN COURT MEMOIRS 1914-1916 Net, $5.00 The Argonaut says: "It is a work of real value for the study of what has been taking place during the past three years at Petrograd. The fact that it is authoritative does not in the least detract from its fascination, and every page is full of interest." A NATURALIST IN BORNEO By ROBERT W. C. SHELFORD Net, $5.00 Westminster Gazette says: “Do you want a legiti- mate distraction for an hour at a time? Then pur- chase this book and you will find it much more thrilling than any novel of adventure, for it is all adventures in the fairy land of Science and almost more incredible than any fairy romance conceived. Nevertheless it is packed with undi- luted truth from the first page to the last. It is a work destined to become one of the classics of natural history to rank with books by Bates and Humboldt, Wallace, and Fabre." CIVILIZED COMMERCIALISM By ERNEST G. STEVENS Net, $1.25 An application of democracy to business. It outlines a scheme, sane, modern, and just for eliminating oppression, czarism, and cut-throat competition from business and yet of permitting the fullest useful growth and activity to business corporations of any size. CANADA THE SPELLBINDER By LILIAN WHITING Net, $2.50 The Nation says: "Lilian Whiting's enthusiasm of spirit and glow of language are at their usual high level in Canada and Spellbinder.' One is carried from the great to the greater, from the bountiful to the more bountiful, from the beau- tiful to the more beautiful until one's power of appreciation is all but suffocated with the intoxi- cating draught." STUDIES IN INSECT LIFE AND OTHER ESSAYS By A. E. SHIPLEY Net, $8.50 Giving not only some delightful chapters on in- sects and war on the honey bee and the humble bee, on grouse disease, and on the romance of the deep sea, but he gives also an account of Zoology as understood in Shakespeare's time, and of the revival of science in the seventeenth century. 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Order TODAY from your bookstore, from HOUGHTON MIFFLIN CO., Publishers, Boston and New York, or from THE BOSTON NEWS BUREAU 30 Kilby St., Boston . “This is the need of Mexico today — opportunity to labor, opportunity for the family, opportunity for food, clothing, better shelter, and better social conditions. “And this is exactly what American and European capital and organization have brought to Tampico, at- tracted by its underground wealth, and this is what will ultimately redeem Mexico and forward her people by in- dustrial opportunity.” When writing to advertisers please mention THE DIAL. THE DIAL VOLUME LXIII No. 747 AUGUST 16, 1917 CONTENTS . . • . • · 111 . CREATIVE CRITICISM Bayard Boyesen 95 THE TWILIGHT OF RHYME Edward Sapir 98 LITERARY AFFAIRS IN FRANCE . Theodore Stanton 101 THE LATER FEMINISM . Randolph Bourne 103 LIBERAL GERMANY AND THE WAR Ward Swain 104 AN ESSAY IN MISUNDERSTANDING M. C. Otto 106 The SCAMMON LECTURES William Aspenwall Brad- ley. 110 THE COLLECTIVIST ADVANCE Donald R. Richberg HONEST AMERICAN FICTION John Macy 112 BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS 114 Over the Top-The Man in Court.—The Ideals of Painting.–Your National Parks.—Plays and Players: Leaves from a Critic's Scrapbook.—Profiles from China.—The Book of Camping.—Russian Memories. NOTES ON NEW FICTION 117 This Is the End.—The Joyful Years.—The Pope's Favorite.—The Yukon Trail. -Sube Cane. CASUAL COMMENT 118 NOTES FOR BIBLIOPHILES · 120 NOTES AND News 122 List of New BOOKS 124 LIST OF SHOPS WHERE THE DIAL IS ON SALE 126 . . GEORGE BERNARD DONLIN, Editor MARY CARLOCK, Associate Contributing Editors CONRAD AIKEN PADRAIC COLUM John MACY THEODORE STANTON RANDOLPH BOURNE HENRY B. FULLER JOHN E. ROBINSON WILLIAM ASPENWALL BRADLEY H. M. KALLEN J. C. SQUIRE THE DIAL (founded in 1880 by Francis F. Browne) is published fortnightly, twenty-four times a year. Yearly subscription $3.00 in advance, in the United States, Canada and Mexico. For- eign subscriptions $3.50 per year. Entered as Second-class matter Oct. 8, 1892, at the Post Office at Chicago, under the Act of March 3, 1879. Published by THE DIAL Publishing Company, Martyn Johnson, President; Willard C. Kitchel, Secretary-Treasurer, at 608 South Dearborn Street, Chicago. 94 [August 16, 1917 THE DIAL New Mid-Summer Novels (Just Ready) A New Novel by a New Author CHRISTINE By Alice Cholmondeley Who can forget Hugh Britling's letters to his father in Mr. Wells' re- markable novel, “Mr. Britling Sees It Through”? Christine reveals the same fine understanding between a mother and her daughter. 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On the other hand, to appre- judged by such practice of it as appears in hend a work of art creatively requires a magazines and even the more serious taste allied in its functioning to genius, books, it would force one to believe that and the use of an energy not different in it had advanced very little, if at all, since kind from that exercised by the artist the days when Aristotle declared that one himself. of the critic's functions is to censure a Probably the first great step toward work of art as being “morally hurtful what we may call modern criticism—that or contrary to technical correct is, modern criticism at its best—was taken To be sure, our notions of when Goethe insisted upon the necessity correctness, as well as our ethics, have of ascertaining “what the poet's aim really changed; but, for the most part, we have and truly was, how the task he had to do merely substituted new conventions for stood before his eye, and how far, with old, new prejudices, new rules and tabu- such materials as were afforded him, he lations. The very men who laugh at the had fulfilled it.” At about the same time, old discussions concerning "the unities," Coleridge, the most keenly intuitive of themselves condemn all dramas that do English critics, hinted at an extension of not conform to a purely arbitrary thing this idea when he said that, in order to called "dramaturgy”; and a well-known read the difficult metres of Donne and professor has asserted that “King Lear" thoroughly to understand his poems, is not a play at all since its climax comes it 'was necessary practically to become in the first act! In somewhat similar Donne. The significance of Coleridge's fashion, a recent biographer of Dostoev- remark seems to have been unappreciated sky, after proving in a long introduction even by himself, since he failed to general- that a novel cannot be defined, proves ize it or to apply it in a consideration of also that Dostoevsky was not a novelist ! other poetry; and all posterior æstheti- Such ludicrous opinions are, of course, cians, without exception, have overlooked due to the common supposition that there it. Goethe's idea, however, underwent a are genres, or predetermined forms into fairly steady development, and culminated which the artist pours his thought. It in the conception of Benedetto Croce that seems almost impossible for critics to every work of art is an organism governed realize that an idea is form, that the idea solely by its own law. Upon this and the is the form. It cannot be embodied. many other conceptions so brilliantly pro- Every idea is a new idea; every work of pounded in his “Aesthetic,” Mr. Spingarn art is a new work, a new genre. The bases his essays entitled "Creative Criti- artist may wrangle with his germinal cism” (Holt). impulse, twist and distort it to fit some The latter's book is far less substantial theory of form; but just in so far as he and, quite properly, far more controversial does so, he toils against himself. than that of the Italian. The "Aesthetic" The critic's misconception of these these is obtainable in an excellent English trans- matters arises partly from lack of ability lation, and its lucidly reasoned exposition and partly from sheer laziness. A man of theory needs only popularization and of ordinary intellect may easily find super- defence. For this task no one in England ficial resemblances, classify them, talk of or America is better qualified than Mr. them as constituting a genre, and then Spingarn, whose erudition is coupled with proceed to discuss the work of art at hand intellectual passion and the gift of power- in relation to the factitious structure he ful, if sometimes impatient, expression. 96 [August 16 THE DIAL on The present volume begins with a of genres, or literary kinds, of the theory lecture called "The New Criticism. of style, of metaphor, simile, and “all the Here, after briefly setting forth the princi- old terms of classical rhetoric," of moral ples of impressionistic and of dogmatic judgment of literature, the "confusion be- criticism, the author points out that they tween the drama and the theatre," of are essentially a mere continuation of the technique as separate from art, the criti- old battle between the Romanticists and cism of poetic themes, of race, time, and the Classicists, between those who seek to environment as an element in criticism, of enjoy and those who desire to judge. As the "evolution" of literature, the concept far back as the sixteenth century, Pietro of progress, and, finally, the old rupture Aretino was asserting that there is no rule between genius and taste." save the whim of genius, no standard Obviously, there is here much matter of criticism save individual taste; while for consideration, too much indeed to Scaliger was helping to formulate the come within the limits of a review. If classical code and declaring that Aristotle Mr. Mr. Spingarn's dismaying contentions is “the perpetual dictator of all the fine were accepted or even merely sadly arts." The next century exposes the same absorbed, what would become of our col- antinomy in France, where it has continued lege professors with their courses until the present hour. These opposing rhetoric, the forms of literature, and the types, Mr. Spingarn speaks of as "the two history of prose style; or of our doctors sexes of criticism the masculine of philosophy with their theses comparing, criticism that may or may not force its for instance, the grammatical construc- own standards on literature, but that never tions of Æschylus and Tennyson ? And at all events is dominated by the object of how should one write a book on the works its studies; and the feminine criticism that of any great artist if one had to judge responds to the lure of art with a kind of those works separately and thus to dis- passive ecstasy. card the convention that there is always The eighteenth century produced no a period of apprenticeship, a period of fundamental contributions for the old fulfilment, a period of deterioration? quarrel until the Romantic Movement For, be it noted, if a Milton, after a life stressed the element of expression, either dedicated to beauty and to toil, achieves of society (Mme. de Staël), or of person- the sublime austerity of a “Samson Ago- ality (Sainte-Beuve), or of race, age, and nistes," the critics invariably find in such environment (Taine). The first, how- a masterpiece the signs of waning power, ever, "to give philosophic precision to the of aridity, decay; or if a Michelangelo theory of expression, and to found a finally attains the almost abstract grandeur method of criticism based upon it, were seen in many of the designs for the cele- the Germans of the age that stretches from bration of Christ's Passion, there in- Herder to Hegel." But it was left for a evitably appears a J. A. Symonds to see Neapolitan, Croce, Croce, to lead “æsthetic in them only the "autumn stubbles of thought inevitably from the concept that declining genius”. art is expression to the conclusion that all In the second essay, Mr. Spingarn is expression is art." concerned only with “Dramatic Criti- This part of Mr. Spingarn's book can- cism.” This section of his book is an not be too highly praised, and it should extraordinarily brilliant example of dia- have distinct value even for the Classicists, lectical writing and of irony and humor since it affords, the most succinct history in the service of clear, sound thought. For of modern critical theory, besides being, the curious, perhaps the most interesting by its grouping of facts, an original inter- part is that in which the author deals with pretation. The remainder of the essay is Lodovico Castelvetro, who, as early as a summary of Croce's ideas and a very 1570, broached the theory of the drama cleverly argued invective against dogma that is now associated with the names of tism in all its forms. Following a method Mr. William Archer and Mr. A. B. Walk- similar to that of Zola in his famous ley and of their "noisy but negligible “J'accuse” Mr. Spingarn attacks the idea echoes in our own country.” It is this 1917) 97 THE DIAL theory that Mr. Spingarn sets himself one can go, like a second-rate dog fancier most vigorously to combat. carrying his standard of conformation, Castelvetro,' like the moderns, em- and appraise with perfect assurance what- phasized the conditions of stage repre- ever the contemporary stage may offer. sentation: the size of the theatre, the If he but apply his rules, perceive where , motley crowd, the limitation of time. the play falls outside of them and where Bacon, Diderot, and many others, also within, and consider the audience while dwelt on what is to-day discussed, with an he "sits tight" against it, he may be sure amusing air of originality, as the “psy- that whatever issues from his pen will chology of the crowd"; and even Voltaire pass as criticism of an art! thought to reform the drama by changing It is in dealing with such "criticism" the theatre. We need not detain our- that Mr. Spingarn carries furthest his in- selves with the tenets of Lessing, Schlegel, vective—an invective thrust perhaps a Lamb, Grillparzer, and the others who little too far when he characterizes Mr. fought and re-fought the battle that began Archer as "a connoisseur of stale plati- when Castelvetro challenged the all- tudes, angered and confused by the powerful standards of Aristotle. It is not thought of a new age impatient at his until we come to Francisque Sarcey that commonplaces." Very refreshing, how- we have a really full and clear exposition ever, is it to find someone to whom things of the theory of dramatic materialism that intellectual are sufficiently stimulating to now reigns almost without dispute on both call forth impassioned utterance instead of sides of the Atlantic; but even his famous the usual dreary locutions of philosophi- "Essai d'une Esthétique de Théâtre" is cal debate. of less immediate interest for us than the The last two essays are, comparatively, writings of Mr. Archer, Mr. Walkley, of less importance than the first two. In and “the negligible echoes." "Verse and Prose,” Mr. Spingarn finds it The chief assertions of these gentlemen necessary to descant upon a good deal of are all founded on a confusion between familiar matter in order satisfactorily to "inner impulse and outer influence." Mr. prove that "whatever distinction exists Walkley, for instance, affirms that the between words in metre and words with- dramatic critic must “sit tight” against out it exists in exactly the same way be- the prejudices and opinions of audiences tween verses written in the same metre”; and then tells us that the playwright must and that “rhythm and metre must be re- be judged by his effect on the peculiar garded as æsthetically identical with style, “ psychology of the crowd he is addressing.' as style is identical with artistic form, Confusion could scarcely confound itself and form in its turn is the work of art in more fully! It seems unnecessary to ask its spiritual and indivisible self." why, if the measure of the dramatist's The last essay is a letter to an artist on genius is to be judged by its effect on the the International Exhibition, February, crowd, the critic should "sit tight” against 1913. It expresses, with rather vague the very thing that would enable him to enthusiasm, the author's admiration for estimate that genius; or how the critic, if the spirit of the show, and then, character- he imposes on the artist one standard and istically, goes back to the Italian Renais- on himself another, can hope to under- sance, but only in order to point out the stand the former and evaluate his work. well-known fact that the great patrons of But without this confusion and with that time fostered creation whereas our out the rules of "dramaturgy," we should American millionaires merely load their have very few critics of the drama, since rooms with old masterpieces. There is, few there are whose creative powers are however, a valuable and suggestive pas- highly enough developed to enable them sage in which Mr. Spingarn shows how to put themselves in the place of the artist, the collector, like the critic, may become thus discovering the urges and intentions creative in the realm of taste. of his work, and then, having experienced Lastly, in an appendix, we find a little what he experienced, to estimate his model of effective controversial writing- measure of success. As it is, almost any- a tilt at Mr. Galsworthy's objections to 98 (August 16 THE DIAL the author's “New Criticism”—wherein cal magazine in Italy, the most vital in we are once more led to the conclusion Europe, and that Mr. Spingarn is com- that "by genius is now merely meant the petent to do the same thing for the creative faculty, the power of self-expres- United States. Studies by him of con- sion, which we all share in varying temporary or past men of letters would be degrees." welcomed by all lovers of literature and In finishing a review of so admirable a would be stimulating especially to the book, it may be ungracious, but it should younger generation, who are still fed not be amiss, to say that the author is too largely upon the pabulum of Arnold with rare a combination of scholarship and the old notions of a “grand style” and of critical acumen to be heard to be heard from SO so what is "best" in literature. To attack seldom. Without being impertinent theory with theory is valuable; but, once enough to advise Mr. Spingarn as to his the foundations are laid, it is even better activities, one may notice the fact that to attack practice with practice. Croce conducts the most important criti- BAYARD BOYESEN. The Twilight of Rhyme In a time that now seems strangely re- in that very exclusive species of humanity. mote I happened to drop in on a meeting Yet I was vain enough to take a certain of an Ottawa debating club in which pride in my failure to respond as unre- President Wilson's peace note to the bel- servedly as most of the audience to our ligerent nations was being discussed. Af- orator's fiery outburst of British patri- ter we had been treated to a couple of otism. It was the old man's fault. Had innocently academic utterances, the floor he not quoted rhymed poetry at the tail was taken by a rather elderly, choleric- end of his peroration, I should have looking Englishman of very determined drowned with the rest. That poetry of his manner and voice. He woke us up. In a was just the straw needed for a drowning rambling discourse that had little connec- man's clutch. It tided me over nicely. tion with the ostensible subject of debate, Indeed, after a fitting interval of sur- he aired his views and feelings mightily: charged silence, the memory of those . He convinced those of us that had a mind rhymes, still tingling like a box on the to be convinced that President Wilson's ear, inspired me with courage to get up policy had been marked by a consistent and, in the very teeth of the storm raised pusillanimity worthy only of contempt, that by the great man, to put in an apologetic the American people as a whole (and he word for Mr. Wilson. knew all about it, for he had only recently This was what the orator quoted, with visited the United States) were criminally a fervor that sent shivers down our backs: lukewarm about the war, and that the only Breathes there a man with soul so dead permanent hope for world peace lay, not Who never to himself hath said, in any professorial, Wilsonite notes, but "This is my own, my native land!” in the strong arm of British sea-power. and some more to the same effect. “Aha!" All of which, it need scarcely be said, was said I to myself, "is it some of Scott's old liberally punctuated by blazing eyes, wav- doggerel you are trying to palm off on ing arms, and clarion intonations. Some us?" But it was Max Eastman who was of us later, incautiously and vainly, looked uppermost in my thoughts just then. His for an intelligible argument or two in the "Lazy Verse" crusade had branched off Englishman's flow of rhetoric. No mat- even into the wilds of Canada and I was ter—we were all carried away at the mo- still vicariously smarting from the whip ment, and when he ended up with a blows he had administered the lazy prac- triumphant snort and a bang, our answer- titioners of the free-verse habit.Quick ing applause was nothing if not sincere. as lightning I saw my chance; in a second Only the cultured élite can resist mere elo- I had Mr. Eastman by the throat. Here quence. I lay no claim to membership was a moment of intense social conscious- 1 1917] 99 THE DIAL 1 ness, of patriotic emotion vivid and sin- impressed by the purely ethnological con- cere, demanding æsthetic resources, it sideration that rhyme is rarely, if ever, would seem, for its consummate expres- found in the lyrics of primitive people, sion. The old man, in his instinctive grop- whereas there is probably not a tribe that ing for a climax, felt the need too—and does not possess its stock of measured chose a bungling anticlimax! Had he but songs. Whatever our attitude to the prob- called in the aid of measured blank verse lem of strictly measured or polyphonic or, preferably, free verse, he might have verse in our own artistic levels, it is very succeeded in producing a truly climactic evident that a set rhythm at least does an- effect. But what had such inane jingles as swer to a primal human trend, that rhyme, dead-said, shed—bed, Ted— Fred, to — on the other hand, is no more than a bit do with the expression of heightened feel- of technical flavoring that happened to be- ing? What concern had we, stirred to the come habitual in Occidental poetry at a patriotism that dealt and suffered death, certain period not so far removed from to do with pretty boudoir tricks and ro- the present after all. Rhyme is merely coco curtseys? It was the most magnifi- a passing notion of our own particular cent test case one could have desired. The cultural development, like chivalry or verse came quite unexpectedly, the emo- alchemy or falconry or musical canons or tion was already there to be definitely a thousand-and-one other interesting no- crystallized. In my own case, alas! it suf- tions now dead or moribund. Some of fered collapse. Evidently rhyme had not these notions, like rhyme, still vegetate stood the test. Mr. Eastman, in so far as (for that matter, canons are still composed he lays stress on rhyme as a sincere æs- by students of counterpoint), but they can- thetic device, might question the diagnos- not be allowed to cumber the earth for- tic value of my experience. He might ever. No doubt rhyme will some day be accuse the evident tawdriness of the lines thrown into the limbo that harbors its first themselves of the disconcerting effect pro- cousin, alliteration. Some day all sensitive duced upon me, not to speak of other psy- ears will be as much outraged by its em- chological analyses less flattering to my ployment in passionate verse as by the æsthetic sensibility. No doubt the lines musical expression of flaming desire in the stand in somewhat helpless contrast to the pattern of a formal fugue. emotion they are supposed to call forth, Mr. Eastman contends that rhyme, like but I do think it was quite specifically the rhythm, has a certain disciplinary value rhyme as such that shunted me on to the which is of direct æsthetic benefit, in so far as it imposes a wholesome restraint on the Rhyme, I decided, might do very well artist. Rhyme sets definite technical lim- for certain lighter forms of poetry, the itations that tax the poet's ingenuity. He fluffy ruffles of literary art-drinking has to solve technical problems, and in songs, sentimental but not too seriously their solution he is braced to the utmost felt love ditties, vers de société, popular limit of his powers of concentration, of ballads, and quite a number of other clarity of vision, of self-expression. A genres one might mention. In short, its chastening halt is put to a too easily satis- value seenied purely decorative at best and fied, a too glibly facile flow of expression. not indispensably decorative at that. I The æsthetic product, which must of decided that one could allow for it where course appear perfectly natural and un- graceful trifling or purely technical sound- hampered, is all the more refined and po- effects were in order, but that its employ- tent for the painful struggle that has ment in conjunction with deep feeling was preceded its birth. The dynamic value of perilous, to say the least. I had for years the overcoming of conflict in æsthetic pro- had an instinctive dislike for the jingle of duction is by no means to be lightly set rhyme in all but the lighter forms of verse, aside. Where Mr. Eastman errs, it seems and it seemed that my dislike had experi- to me, is in the narrow and specific appli- mentally justified itself in a flash of insight. cations he makes of the principle. Just as Incidentally, I could not help feeling soon as an external and purely formal a wrong track. 100 [August 16 THE DIAL our æsthetic device ceases to be felt as inher- In truth there is no greater superstition ently essential to sincerity of expression, than the belief in the ever-growing com- it ceases to remain merely a condition of plexity of all the outer forms of life and the battling for self-expression and be- art. Progress in both means, on the con- comes a tyrannous burden, a perfectly use- trary, an ever-increasing will and ability to less fetter. The disciplinary argument is do without the swaddling clothes of ex- then seen to belong to precisely the same ternal form. The "freedom" of primi- category as the conservative plea for the tive culture is only an illusion, gained educational value of Latin or for the partly by the freshness of contrast with wholesome restraining influence of an out- own order of restraints, partly; lived body of religious belief. In other and chiefly, by the imperfectly developed words, there is no absolute standard by techniques of lower levels. Formally which to measure the validity of a formal the great languages of modern civili- æsthetic device. Necessary or self-evidentzation are very much simpler, very much in one age, it is an encumbrance in an- less virtuoso-like, than most of the lan- other. Perfection of form is always es- guages of aboriginal America. Roman sential, but the definition of what consti- Catholic ritual seems rich and complex to tutes such perfection cannot, must not, be us, but it is a mere bagatelle in comparison fixed once for all. The age, the individual with the endless elaboration of the ritual artist, must solve the problem ever anew, life of the Pueblo Indians. Northwest must impose self-created conditions, per- Coast Indian art is relatively crude in its haps only dimly realized, of the battle to delineation (at its best, superb), but the be fought in attaining self-expression. It purely formal limitations set on the artist's would be no paradox to say that it is the activity would seem to us almost to pre- blind acceptance of a form imposed from clude the possibility of individual expres- without that is, in the deepest sense, "lazy,” sion at all. In lower levels of culture the for such acceptance dodges the true for- number of things that one must do is mal problem of the artist—the arrival, in great; in higher levels the number of travail and groping, at that mode of ex- things one may do is vastly greater, the pression that is best suited to the unique number of things one must do relatively conception of the artist. The “best” may, less. Progress, if it means anything at all, of course, be many; it is necessarily con- may be ideally defined as the infinite mul- ditioned by temperament. Mr. Eastman's tiplication of things one may profitably do, error, then, would seem to be the rather think, and enjoy, coupled with the gradual elementary confusion of form (an inner elimination of all things one must not do. striving) with formalism (an outer ob- We may seem to have gone very far stacle). afield, but the truth is that a proper his- But Mr. Eastman seems to go further. torical perspective of such a problem as He would not merely preserve rigid met- that of the use of rhyme can hardly be rical forms and even rhyming schemes as gained on a less broad foundation. The essential to the satisfaction of our craving historical and psychological considerations for poetic form, but he seems also to have affecting rhyme are by no means peculiar to regard for virtuosity as such. He speaks it, but necessarily apply to countless other almost as if the greater the number and elements of art and life. Briely, then, difficulty of formal limitations, the greater æsthetic progress cannot mean that we or more admirable the æsthetic result. hold on to such a feature as rhyme because This should mean that the pinnacle of it is a valuable conquest, a complexity that poetic art has been reached in the Skaldic we have achieved in passing from a less to verse of Old Norse literature, perhaps the a more subtle grasp of form (this was most artificial verse patterns ever devised. true in its day), but that we leave it behind Here we have alliteration, assonance, ex- as already belonging to a more primitive treme brevity of lines, and the use of highly stage of artistic consciousness. Once a re- conventional metaphorical modes of ex- splendent jewel, it is now a pretty bauble. pression—four difficult masters to serve at In time it will have become an ugly bauble. the same time. De gustibus! EDWARD SAPIR. a 1917] 101 THE DIAL Literary Affairs in France in a really disinterested work, and he died at the very moment when this preliminary effort accom- plished at the cost of much labor was on the point (Special Correspondence of The DIAL.) of succeeding brilliantly. His task was about to be Literary France of the twentieth century is crowned with approval by the transformation of one of the largest playhouses in Paris into a Shakespeare striving, and striving very successfully in spite Theatre. He had arranged a repertory of ten plays, of the war, to make amends for the crass injustice with their scenery, stage settings, and costumes; he had trained a troop of young actors; he had selected done to the memory of Shakespeare during the a corps of able translators; had done, in a word, eighteenth century, under the bigoted (in this everything necessary to produce that unity which instance) leadership of Voltaire. A vigorous Shakespeare had in mind when he wrote his plays. A prodigy of this sort could have been brought about “Société Shakespeare” was founded this spring only by a veritable man of letters who was also a in Paris, "with the poet acting as the connecting dramatist. No one who was simply an actor could have accomplished this. [The reference here is to link," writes the general secretary, M. Valentin M. Gémier, the soul of the new Shakespeare Society, Mandelstamm, “between the civilizations of who recently brought out at Paris "The Merchant England, France and America, where Shakes- of Venice," "with some new-fangled ideas."] To enter into the spirit of a genius as powerful, as com- peare has always been fêted”—another of the plex, as varied and as subtle as that of Shakespeare, many examples of how our entrance into the one must be a man of brains who has spent years in war has associated the United States with the studying him, in fathoming him, in discovering his thought and then properly expressing it, not one who liberal countries of Europe. It is even the inten- is striving after striking effects and stage tricks. But tion of the founders of the new society to in this world persons and things are quickly for- gotten. The dead cannot defend themselves. So we “establish at Paris a Shakespeare club based on must speak for them, especially at a moment when the plan of the great clubs of London and New a Shakespeare Society is being founded on the ideas of a grand precursor, such as was Camille de Sainte- York, which will bring together the intellectual Croix. élite of the three great nations.". What M. de Sainte-Croix and M. Firmin But perhaps a not less interesting feature of Gémier have done in the France of to-day for this present Shakespeare revival in Paris is the the Elizabethan drama, M. Eugène Baie is doing reminder which it has called forth of an earlier for Flanders and the Flemings by the publica- and somewhat different effort in the same direc- tion of his remarkable book, "L'Epopée Fla- tion. When the new society began to be talked mande" (Paris: Alcan; 3 fr. 50). It is quite : about in the public prints, there appeared one impossible in a paragraph or two to give an day in “Le Temps" a letter signed by the exact and adequate idea of this complex and Duchesse Herminie de Rohan, the poet who is often dreamy volume; and the sub-title, "History associated with so many intellectual activities in of Collective Sensibility," supplies but a partial Paris, M. Georges Lecomte, president of the and on the whole a rather unsatisfactory descrip- Society of Men of Letters, and M. Acollas de tion of its character. If one reads the apprecia- Larmandie, which pointed out rather sharply that tions from a dozen leading European writers and the new organization was rather ungracious, to critics given on an accompanying sheet sent out say the least, in making no acknowledgment of by the publisher, one is struck by the many- the work already accomplished by the "Société sidedness of this book, which does not seem to du Théâtre Shakespeare," founded in 1909 by have been translated into English and which M. Camille de Sainte-Croix, who died two years would be exceedingly difficult to translate if the ago, and whose aim was much the same as that attempt were made to preserve the delicacy and announced, "with a flourish of trumpets,” by elusiveness of style and thought of the original. the "Société Shakespeare." Thus, M. Maurice Barrès finds it "one of the The widow of the talented and active Shakes- most nationalistic works of Europe”; Maeter- peare translator and impresario, “the faithful linck declares it to be “one of the most vigorous guardian of his memory,” as M. Lecomte and picturesque books in our language"; Emile characterizes Mme. Suzanne Camille de Sainte- Verhaeren said that "though written in prose, Croix, who is a sculptor of ability, presents this it is a real lyric, solidly built and violently whole matter in these words, which she gave me generous"; Camille Lemonnier held that it is not long ago: "a medullar book, and the author imperious and My husband devoted the energy of his best years, a man of decided convictions”; while another his days and nights, his health and his very life, to an effort to found in Paris a Shakespeare Theatre critic compares him to Michelet, a second to and to acclimate in France a love for the great Taine, and a third to Carlyle. English poet. In doing this, he encountered all those difficulties always met by him who takes the initiative And who is this author to whom such great 102 (August 16 THE DIAL an praise is given? I do not find his name in any the charming masterships and mysteries, to use a fine of the European “Who's Whos." But I know old word, of my race await the coming of the holy ark in order to be reborn to-morrow. Indeed, how him to have been born in 1874, at Malines, the admirable it would be if the United States, which city of the beautiful chimes, shamefully destroyed bends with such tenderness of soul over our distress, by the Germans; and he stands forth to-day one should decide to open at Antwerp, after the war, Flemish conservatory of arts and trades, on whose of the best known of the Belgian writers of the benches places would be reserved for American new generation. His first book, at least I think students, thus creating between our two nations a bond of union which would be very dear to us. And it was his first, was entitled "Sub Rosa et Sub how in conformity with the proverbial spirit of Umbra.” It consisted of subtle evocations of American generosity would it be to make known this the life of the ancients and of the Italian idea in your noble country so that this dream of our own national redemption might to-morrow become a Renaissance, and its appearance immediately superb and certain reality. attracted the attention of the best of intellectual Why M. Baie proposes Antwerp as the site Europe. Then the young author began to be for such a great school is evident after reading active in parliamentary and political circles with- the pamphlet, "Le Port d'Anvers" (Paris: Van out being either a deputy or a politician. Here Oest; 25 centimes), by M. André Fontainas, the was another reason why eyes were turned toward Belgian author, wherein is set forth the impor- him. His indefatigable efforts to bring about tance of this great port before the war and what a political and economic rapprochement between is hoped for after its restoration at the end of Holland and Belgium caused considerable stir in the German domination. But perhaps just now 1907. For ten years he was associated with the the best page in this study for Americans to read late Auguste Beernaert, the prominent Belgian is that devoted to the history of Herr Albert senator, in international affairs, and since the out- von Bary, that typical Teuton in foreign parts, break of the war, M. Baie has been the soul of who resided at Antwerp thirty years, until he the International Conference, whose aim is to became one of the most fêted and powerful men establish economic solidarity among the of affairs in that busy town. "I have two Allies. He announces for early publication "La countries,” he would say at banquet tables, “Ger- Leçon des Morts," which will continue and many and Belgium." But when at the beginning complete the present volume, telling "what of August, 1914, he saw that Belgium meant to strength is hidden in the Flemish temperament fight, he suddenly Aed, and then the astonished and what hopes this strength gives rise to." municipal police found in his house a machine- The following extract from a letter which M. gun, a stock of small arms and German officers' Baie sent me recently from Florence may perhaps uniforms, and it became painfully evident that give the reader some idea of the working of the this Herr von Bary was simply one of those mind of this exceptional man, of the spirit which high-class spies which Germany had everywhere pervades his writings, and of his literary style, and which she still has among both enemy and though, as I have already said, it is not easy to neutral nations. reproduce his style in a translation: Here are the closing lines of M. Fontainas's It is difficult to say now what forms of art and admirable little work: literature will prevail in Flanders after the war, for my poor country is too distracted at present to think In the fabulous times of Julius Cæsar a horrible of such things. Her Muses are Weeping Muses who giant called Druon Antigonus devastated the banks are shedding tears of blood, and if they had a mission of the Scheldt, where he lived by his depredations, in keeping with the hour, it would be that of catching until the whole region trembled with terror at the the echo of those in despair, the cry of the vanquished, mere mention of his name. But one day a fine young and then tracing in words, like the imprint on the fisherman, Salvius Brabo, came boldly forth and handkerchief of Veronica, the terribly august record bravely challenged to battle him whom all so feared. of the agony of the nation, so that it shall never, The giant, clad in armor, carried a dagger and a never be forgotten and the people may take pity upon sword, while the fisher boy was armed only with a itself. It is not necessary that the things of the clumsy cutlass and bore on his shoulder a coil of imagination begin forthwith to flourish once again rope. Supple and quick of movement, he parried the in our land, for each one of us bears a hell in his heavy blows of his adversary, whose clumsy legs breast; and nothing else can equal that. Our visions finally got tangled in the rope so that he fell to the of this hell are so intense that it would seem that ground, when the boy dashed forward and cut off they might break our hearts to the end of eternity. the head and the right hand of the giant. This hand But what should Aower again without delay for he whirled up into the air and with a vigorous effort the uplift of our dear people who aspire to be reborn cast into the river, thus performing an act of hand only through the dignity of labor, is our ancient art werpen, as the Flemish say; and hence the name of industries whose invention was the honor of our the city of Antwerp. So when the hand of this ancestors but which are to-day, at one and the same monstrous Germania is cut off, Antwerp will again time, a menaced patrimony of humanity and a possible have a rebirth, the last let us hope, and will prosper instrument of our national regeneration. Lace- once more in a purer and more beautiful glory than making, high-warp, iron-work, diamond-cutting-all ever. 1917] 103 THE DIAL It was, by the way, to a canon of the famous cogs in the man-made machine. She would cathedral of Antwerp, Laurent Beyerlinck, who sweep away the traditional college training of was also an alumnus of Louvain, that the uni- women in cultivated intellectuality, and replace versity of this last city owed the foundation of it with an education in science and business, pre- its once celebrated library, utterly destroyed, it paring women to take effective leadership in the will be remembered, at the end of August, 1914, economic reconstruction after the war. by the German ruthlessness of which M. Baie As to sex problems, Miss Meikle is unsparing and M. Fontainas complain. Dr. Léon Van der in her mockery of the English feminists who Essen, professor of history at Louvain, gives in tried to wreck the conventions. She paints satir- another pamphlet an account of the rise and ically the uneasy and pedantic freedom which destruction of these collections. “La Biblio- the experimentalists took for themselves. She thèque de Louvain" (Manchester: John Ry- looks for a healthy "balancing of the fiercest lands Library; Is.) is published in connection claims of the body with the mind's ultimately with the movement in England to reconstitute stronger hunger for romance." She has the ad- the library of Louvain University. Books for Books for mirable attitude of no longer having to argue this purpose are now being sent to Manchester, for freedom but rather to define and clarify it. where the work is being centralized, from all Her very vagueness as to forms is recognition parts of the world. of the fact that with freedom personal relations July 31, 1917. THEODORE STANTON. may be hoped to adjust themselves. The fam- ily's sacredness is undermined by her idea that “motherhood is one of the most casual of all The Later Feminism relations." It is to this plausible but shocking idea that TOWARDS A SANE FEMINISM. By Wilma Meikle. Mrs. Gallichan takes exception, but she has all (R. M. McBride & Co.; $1.25.) Miss Meikle's kindliness toward men. She MOTHERHOOD. By C. Gascquoine Hartley (Mrs. Walter M. Gallichan). (Dodd, Mead & Co.; even goes so far as to say that “no man leaves $2.50.) a woman till she sends him from her.” She does If we are to judge from Miss Meikle's bril- not see that her thesis that “no ideals have been liant little book, the newer feminism is marked produced by even the most progressive and en- by an unwonted kindliness toward men. “As lightened persons to replace the family group" fellow-discoverers, equally blundering, equally is not really inconsistent with much greater sex uninstructed, equally suffering," she redeems and personal freedom. Her language is a little them from that "slashing revenge for the early old-fashioned in wanting the family "recon- Christian calumnies upon woman” which femin- structed with all its historic bonds of unity and ists like Miss Christabel Pankhurst have so con- sanctity preserved and yet fitted to meet modern spicuously wielded. If the predatory and tainted needs.” She represents the older, motherly fem- male is no longer to be the theme of feminist inism with its rather self-conscious responsibility laments, feminism must have ceased to be a cru- and its weakness in referring to criteria of biolog- sade and become a philosophy of life. The ical science where only an artistic sense of per- change is evident in Miss Meikle's iconoclasm. sonal relations should rule. Much unity and Her sharp and witty criticism is directed neither sanctity, the psychologists are discovering, could against men nor against the unawakened woman, pass from the family without hurting it. Miss but against feminist leaders and types and trends Meikle would agree with Mrs. Gallichan that themselves